Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunity to Burkholderia pseudomallei

Purpose of review Largely due to its recognition as a biological threat agent, current knowledge on melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, has increased tremendously over the last years. This review summarizes current understanding on the molecular characterization of B. pseudomallei and the immunology of melioidosis. Recent findings The genome of B. pseudomallei is composed of two chromosomes of which the largest part represents the B. pseudomallei core genome, whereas the remaining accessory genome has been associated with bacterial virulence. Virulence factors, most notably quorum sensing, type III secretion system, lipopolysaccharide and other surface polysaccharides, flagella and various factors essential for the intracellular life cycle of B. pseudomallei, have been further characterized. The neutrophils play a critical in host defense, which is initiated by the Toll-like receptors. The proinflammatory immune response – including the activation of coagulation – and its regulation have been further dissected. Summary Severe melioidosis can probably be seen as the clinical manifestation of a pathogen recognition receptor mediated dysregulation of the immune response to invading B. pseudomallei. B. pseudomallei employs numerous tactics to evade the immune response. Studies on host–pathogen interactions in melioidosis have identified a whole range of potential new treatment targets.
Abnormal Return Fluctuations in the ISE (Istanbul Stock Exchange) Before and After the General Elections in Turkey

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of general elections in Turkey on the ISE-100 index return. Since the ISE started its activities, Turkey has undergone four general elections, in sequence, on 20 November 1991, 24 December 1995, 18 April 1999, and lastly 3 November 2002. It is observed that the investors have been in expectation of outstanding price fluctuations on the verge and in the wake of general elections. By moving from this fact, in this study the ISE-100 index returns fifteen days before and after the general elections are to be analyzed. It follows that it is possible to obtain statistically significant abnormal returns within the mentioned periods. For instance, abnormal returns were witnessed three days before and two days after the general elections on 18 April 1999. Besides, in the first, second and fourth day following the general elections on 3 November 2002 a similar trend resurfaced. However, for the majority of the days proceeding or following elections, a statistically meaningful abnormal return was not observed.
Higher Rates of Dose Optimisation for Infliximab Responders in Ulcerative Colitis than in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated the benefit of dose optimisation in the setting of secondary loss of response to infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease. AIM The aim of our study was to retrospectively investigate the rates of dose optimisation in an inflammatory bowel disease cohort receiving maintenance infliximab therapy to determine if there are different rates of dose optimisation between CD and UC cases and what impact this has on the durability of treatment effect. METHODS Cases receiving infliximab for treatment of IBD between January 2008 and February 2014 were identified from an infusion centre database. Cases receiving ≥ 4 infusions were included in the study. Details of infusion dosing and timing were obtained. A dose increase from 5mg/kg to 10mg/kg or a reduction in the dosing interval was considered a dose optimisation. RESULTS A total of 412 cases were included in the study; 52.7% required at least one dose optimisation. Dose optimisation was more common in UC than in CD cases [67.2% vs 46.3%, p = 0.00006]. The median time to dose optimisation was 7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8-9.2) for UC cases and 27 months [95% CI 7.3-46.7] for CD cases, p = 0.00003. CONCLUSIONS Here we have shown that dose optimisation is required more frequently in UC than in CD, with a significantly shorter time to dose optimisation for UC cases than CD cases. The majority of cases responding to induction therapy with infliximab will have a sustained response to therapy, but over 50% will require a dose optimisation during their treatment.
Nota sobre o sistema de parentesco em Proto-Tupí-Guaraní

Resumo Este estudo explora o sistema de terminologia de parentesco da língua Proto-Tupí-Guaraní (PTG) a partir de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, que soma contribuições da Etnologia, da Linguística Histórica e dos trabalhos etnográficos realizados com povos Tupí-Guaraní. Fazem-se inferências sobre pré-história cultural utilizando métodos filogenéticos comparativos, um conjunto de ferramentas computacionais para explorar mudanças evolutivas em populações relacionadas, aplicados a um banco de dados de termos de parentesco em 24 línguas Tupí-Guaraní. Discute-se a amostra usada no estudo, os procedimentos de codificação adotados para dados tipológicos e os componentes, valores iniciais e premissas do modelo evolutivo. A análise de reconstrução de estados ancestrais baseada no critério de máxima parcimônia reconstrói vários traços tipológicos do sistema de parentesco do PTG, como: fusão e bifurcação na primeira geração ascendente (+1); distinções na terminologia de irmãos baseadas na idade relativa e no sexo do ego; e equação terminológica entre irmãos e primos paralelos. O estudo avalia o estado atual da reconstrução de formas linguísticas para termos de parentesco em PTG e mapeia estas formas no sistema inferido por análise comparativa. Este estudo de comprovação de conceito demonstra a utilidade de análise filogenética para inferir estruturas de sistemas de parentesco em comunidades linguísticas ancestrais.
Parasitic capacitance and density optimization modeling fill synthesis for VLSI interconnect

In transition to ultra deep sub-micron (UDSM) design technology nodes, fill synthesis solutions have increasingly caused performance impacts to the interconnect design, due to the parasitic capacitances induced by the dummy fill structures. Meeting chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) density design rules alone is no longer sufficient. Large spacing setbacks between functional interconnects and dummy fill structures are commonly used to minimize the parasitic capacitance. However, as designs scale further into the nanometer range, a huge percentage of metal densities are sacrificed and achieving minimum density requirements in certain areas is not feasible. In this paper, an innovative fill synthesis solution is proposed to optimize both the requirements between parasitic capacitance reduction and the improved density requirements. First, we develop various experimentation models on a 65nm layout topology to examine the capacitance behavior. From the experimentation, we propose a capacitance and density optimization modeling (OM) fill synthesis for lateral metal layers to increase the global CMP density up to ~80%, reduce the total capacitance by ~50% to preserve the interconnect capacitance and achieve much faster computation TPT (Throughput Time) as compared with traditional fill flows.
Development of arithmetic fluency: A direct effect of reading fluency?

The present longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectories of addition, subtraction, and multiplication fluency; their relationships to general cognitive functions; and potential interrelations between reading fluency and growth in arithmetic fluency for different operations. The central prediction was that measures of arithmetic fluency for different operations would be differentially related to reading fluency because of variations in the timing and format of arithmetic instruction. Panel data on children’s arithmetic fluency and reading fluency performance were collected twice per year in third, fourth, and fifth grades (N = 449). For each operation tested (addition, subtraction, and multiplication), a series of bivariate (reading/arithmetic) latent growth and autoregressive latent trajectory models were constructed. After controlling for background cognitive variables, significant short- and long-term relationships to reading fluency were observed only for multiplication fluency. Specifically, reading fluency in early third grade predicted both immediately subsequent multiplication fluency scores and the slope of growth in multiplication fluency across subsequent grade levels. Exploratory analyses of covariate effects showed that whole number line estimation accuracy was related to growth in multiplication and subtraction fluency, while general verbal ability had a unique relationship to subtraction fluency that was not observed for either addition or multiplication. Overall, results indicate that children’s level of reading fluency and differences among arithmetic operations should be considered both when conducting research and when making instructional decisions about how to build students’ arithmetic fluency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
The safety of intraosseous infusions: risks of fat and bone marrow emboli to the lungs.

The technique of intraosseous infusion is a life-saving emergency alternative when IV access is impossible or will be critically delayed. Concerns about its safety remain, especially concerning the risk of bone marrow and fat emboli to the lungs. We examined autopsy pulmonary specimens on two children who had received intraosseous infusions during resuscitation attempts and found an average of 0.23 to 0.71 bone marrow and fat emboli per mm2 of lung. We studied normotensive dogs with intraosseous infusions of emergency drugs and solutions into the distal femur. Three dogs were studied with each of the following emergency drugs or solutions: controls with normal saline (0.9% NaCl), epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg, NaHCO3 1 mEq/kg, CaCl 10 mg/kg, atropine 0.01 mg/kg, hydroxyethyl starch 6% in normal saline 10 mL/kg, 50% dextrose in water 0.25 g/kg, and lidocaine 1 mg/kg. Four hours after infusion, the animals were killed, and representative sections of the lung were examined with oil red-0 and hematoxylin and eosin stains for the presence of fat and bone marrow emboli. Fat and bone marrow emboli were found in all lung sections, varying from 0.11 to 4.48 emboli/mm2 lung (mean, 0.91 emboli/mm2 lung) for the emergency drugs and solutions and 0.06 to 0.53 emboli/mm2 (mean, 0.29 emboli/mm2 lung) for the controls. Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (P = .07) in mean number of fat and bone marrow emboli per square millimeter of lung among the emergency drugs and compared with controls. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assessment of Tumor Cell Antioxidant Status in hTERT Overexpressing Cells

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been extensively used in cellular immortalization studies. Recent studies have suggested that hTERT may have a novel role in conferring resistance against oxidative stress. We feel that an improved antioxidant capacity could be a key to this improved resistance, as hTERT overexpressing cells have been found to show lower intracellular ROS levels. We hypothesize that the alterations in the glutathione reduced/oxidised (GSH/GSSG) ratio could be due to improved glutathione-dependent enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) activity, which could lead to a collective lowering of the intracellular ROS, altering the intracellular milieu and protecting against ROSmediated cell death triggers. Our results have shown that hTERT overexpression does regulate glutathione-dependent enzymatic activity and hTERT overexpressing cells are more resistant to ROS mediated death triggers such as H2O2 and C1.
A framework to collect and extract publication lists of a given researcher from the web

Researchers usually publish their publication lists on the web. Collecting and extracting them can be of great value to research funding agencies and to applications such as academic network analysis and ranking systems. Because of the wide variety of citation styles and different web page formats, it is not straightforward to develop an automatic system to collect and extract researchers' publication lists. In this paper, we describe the method used by our framework to collect and extract publication lists. It is composed of two tools, named Raposa - Citation Extractor, and Tucano - Publication Lists Collector. Raposa uses a method that identifies regions in the web page containing citations and the delimiters separating them. Tucano collects publication lists by submitting queries to a web search engine. Experimental results show that our framework obtains 93.5% of F1 measure for collecting publication lists, which is a better value when compared to Google Scholar.
A 28Gb/s 4-tap FFE/15-tap DFE serial link transceiver in 32nm SOI CMOS technology

As exemplified by standards such as OIF CEI-25G, 32G-FC, and next-generation 100GbE, serial link data rates are being pushed up to 25 to 28Gb/s in order to increase I/O system bandwidth. Such speeds represent a near doubling of the state-of-the-art for fully integrated transceivers [1-3]. With scaling no longer providing large gains in device speed, significant design advances must be made to attain these data rates. This paper describes a 28Gb/s serial link transceiver featuring a source-series terminated (SST) driver topology with twice the speed of existing designs, a two-stage peaking amplifier with capacitively-coupled parallel input stages and active feedback, and a 15-tap DFE. The use of capacitive level-shifters allows a single current-integrating summer to drive the parallel paths used for speculating the first two DFE taps.
Money, Distribution and Economic Policy

Money, Distribution and Economic Policy takes issue with the inappropriate treatment of money, effective demand and distribution issues in modern mainstream macroeconomics. It presents contributions which are critical of modern orthodoxy and which explore alternative approaches to macroeconomics and economic policy analysis. The contributors explore the following areas: • the development of heterodox theory • the role of money in macroeconomics • the relationship between distribution and aggregate demand • macroeconomic policy issues from a broader heterodox perspective.
Platinum concentrations and DNA adduct levels in tumors and organs of cisplatin-treated LOU/M rats inoculated with cisplatin-sensitive or -resistant immunoglobulin M immunocytoma.

Female LOU/M rats, bearing either a cisplatin (cisDDP)-sensitive or -resistant IgM immunocytoma, were sacrificed at 1 or 24 h after cisDDP administration (i.v., 10 mg/kg of body weight). Platinum levels, determined with atomic absorption spectroscopy, were in the order kidney much greater than liver greater than tumor greater than spleen in the 1-h samples. In the 24-h samples, more platinum was found in spleens than in tumors; the levels in the kidneys were the same as those measured at 1 h, in the spleens they were higher, and in livers and tumors they were lower than at 1 h after the injection; the greatest decrease occurred in the resistant tumor. cisDDP-DNA adducts were detected after chromatography of digested DNA samples isolated from these tissues and from blood cells. The quantitation of the four cisDDP-DNA adducts (Pt-G, Pt-AG, Pt-GG, G-Pt-G, the same as found previously in cisDDP-reacted DNA) was performed with specific antibodies, in the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cisDDP-DNA adduct levels in the various 1-h tissue samples showed the same ranking order as the platinum levels. The blood samples contained the lowest amount of adducts. Because of the high platinum level in the kidneys (26 mg/kg of wet tissue), the adducts in this organ also could be determined with atomic absorption spectroscopy (the four adducts comprised about 400 fmol/micrograms of DNA). Comparison of the atomic absorption spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data showed excellent agreement. Except for the kidney, all samples showed a decrease in adduct level between 1 and 24 h after cisDDP treatment. The data on the tumors indicated that the difference in susceptibility to cisDDP between the sensitive and resistant tumors is not due to a decreased platinum content or reduced DNA adduct formation in the resistant tumor.
Explaining the economic performance of nations

This important collection of his work – including a number of original new essays – offers an authoritative analysis of the economic performance of nations. Drawing extensively on quantitative and qualitative evidence, Professor Maddison provides a clear view of why growth rates differ, why real income and productivity spreads are so wide, and why the pace of growth has varied over time. The first section features essays which provide an analytical framework for causal analysis of growth performance, this is followed by papers on investment and capital stock estimation, savings behaviour and measurement of economic performance levels. There are three essays on the roots of economic ‘backwardness’ and the final section deals with the effect of economic and social policy on the performance of advanced capitalist countries. These essays offer a depth of historical and interspatial perspective which is unrivalled.
Processing efficiency and sustained attention in bipolar disorder

We hypothesized that patterns of sustained attention performance in bipolar disorder were consistent with processing efficiency theory—a theory of the relationship between central processing capacity and performance. We predicted (1) sustained attention deficits during mania because symptoms interfere with limited-capacity executive control processes resulting in decreased performance effectiveness; and (2) decreased processing efficiency during euthymia, as indicated by speed/accuracy tradeoffs, consistent with a stable phenotypic abnormality. Twenty-five manic bipolar, 23 euthymic bipolar, and 28 healthy comparison participants were compared on a continuous performance task and administered symptom-rating scales. The manic group was significantly impaired on overall perceptual sensitivity and demonstrated a significant linear decrease in performance over time, consistent with impaired sustained attention. The euthymic group evidenced significantly slower overall hit reaction time (RT), but when RT was controlled they performed similarly to the healthy group over time. Two discriminant functions combined to separate the groups on manic symptom severity and on-task effort/strategy use. These findings are consistent with processing efficiency theory. They suggest that euthymic patients sustain attention through effortful control at the expense of processing efficiency, while acute mania reduces the capacity for control and impairs sustained attention. Problems with processing efficiency are viewed as trait characteristics of bipolar disorder that may be overlooked by traditional error-based assessments. (JINS, 2005, 11, 49–57.)
Mental health and health service use among post-national service veterans: results from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of England

Background There is concern surrounding the psychological health and uptake of treatment services among veterans of the UK Armed Forces. Method Data from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample were used to compare health outcomes and treatment seeking among 257 post-national service veterans aged 16–64 years and 504 age and sex frequency-matched non-veterans living in the community in England. Early leavers (<4 years service) were compared with longer serving veterans. Results Male veterans reported more childhood adversity and were more likely to have experienced a major trauma in adulthood than non-veterans. There was no association between any measure of mental health and veteran status in males, except reporting more violent behaviours [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–2.06]. In females, a significant association was found between veteran status and ever having suicidal thoughts (aOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.13–7.03). No differences in treatment-seeking behaviour were identified between veterans and non-veterans with any mental disorder. Early service leavers were more likely to be heavy drinkers (aOR 4.16, 95% CI 1.08–16.00), to have had suicidal thoughts (aOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.21–4.66) and to have self-harmed (aOR 12.36, 95% CI 1.61–94.68) than longer serving veterans. Conclusions The findings of this study do not suggest that being a veteran is associated with adversity in terms of mental health, social disadvantage or reluctance to seek treatment compared with the general population. Some evidence implies that early service leavers may experience more mental health problems than longer-serving veterans.
Can threat assessment help police prevent mass public shootings? Testing an intelligence-led policing tool

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether threat assessment, an intelligence-led policing (ILP) tool, can prevent mass public shootings.Design/methodology/approachIn order to gauge the potential effectiveness of this ILP tool, the authors conduct a retrospective analysis of 278 mass public shootings that occurred in the USA between 1966 and 2016. This retrospective analysis allows us to determine how successful threat assessment protocols could be in preventing mass public shootings by examining how successful this tool would have been in identifying the offenders in our data.FindingsThe results show that threat assessment has the potential to be an effective tool in the ILP arsenal to identify and prevent impending mass public shootings. However, our results also point to several obstacles for the effective implementation of this ILP tool. The underreporting of threats and using the content of threats and characteristics of threateners are problematic in correctly assigning risk. The authors make suggestions for how to overcome these obstacles.Originality/valueThis study makes several contributions to the intelligence-led policing and mass murder field. This is the first study to test the potential effectiveness of an intelligence-led policing tool to prevent mass public shootings. Additionally, this is one of the first studies to examine the leaks, types, context and follow-though of threats made by mass public shooters in the United States. Consequently, it provides unique information on the foreshowing behaviors of mass public shooters.