Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vascular factors in the my elopathy associated with cervical spondylosis

COMPRESSIOK of important blood vessels to the spinal cord has been insufficiently stressed as a primary cause of the myelopathy associated with cervical spondylosis. Many articles on cervical myelopathy remark that, at operation, the cervical cord is seldom found to be compressed.l-" On this observation, most neurological surgeons are agreed. It should be considered together with the findings of Bradshaw4 and others that in less than half of these cases does the neurological level of dysfunction correspond to the level of the main bony lesions seen on x-ray films. These 2 observations together would suggest, prima facie, that the origin of the spinal cord disorder is not direct neuronal compression but vascular insufficiency caused by arterial or venous obstruction, or both. I t will be the object of this communication to demonstrate that this is so. The implications in treatment will be considered.
Microblog Sentiment Topic Model

With the prevalence of social media, such as Twitter, short-length text like microblogs have become an important mode of text on the Internet. In contrast to other forms of media, such as newspaper, the text in these social media posts usually contains fewer words, and is concentrated on a much narrower selection of topics. For these reasons, traditional LDA-based sentiment and topic modeling techniques generally do not work well in case of social media data. Another characteristic feature of this data is the use of special meta tokens, such as hashtags, which contain unique semantic meanings that are not captured by other ordinary words. In the recent years, many topic modeling techniques have been proposed for social media data, but the majority of this work does not take into account the specialty of tokens, such as hashtags, and treats them as ordinary words. In this paper, we propose probabilistic graphical models to address the problem of discovering latent topics and their sentiment from social media data, mainly microblogs like Twitter. We first propose MTM (Microblog Topic Model), a generative model that assumes each social media post generates from a single topic, and models both words and hashtags separately. We then propose MSTM (Microblog Sentiment Topic Model), an extension of MTM, which also embodies the sentiment associated with the topics. We evaluated our models using Twitter dataset, and experimental results show that our models outperform the existing techniques.
ROBUST NONPARAMETRIC INFERENCE FOR THE MEDIAN By Vı́ctor

We consider the problem of constructing robust nonparametric confidence intervals and tests of hypothesis for the median when the data distribution is unknown and the data may contain a small fraction of contamination. We propose a modification of the sign test (and its associated confidence interval) which attains the nominal significance level (probability coverage) for any distribution in the contamination neighborhood of a continuous distribution. We also define some measures of robustness and efficiency under contamination for confidence intervals and tests. These measures are computed for the proposed procedures.
Processing ECG signals using rational function systems

We introduce a novel approach for the processing of ECG signals (ElectroCardioGrams), which are frequently used in medical diagnostics. (They describe the functioning of the human heart.) The use of Fourier, wavelet and Gabor transforms has been already widely studied in the case of analysing medical signals. In our approach we shall use rational function systems, the basic theory of which is also well elaborated, and suggests a wide area of possible future application. The rational function systems, such as Malmquist-Takenaka systems, are very flexible, and can be adapted to the special needs of the variety of signals, therefore providing good compression, noise filtering and simple representation. Moreover these functions fit naturally to different parts of the ECG, the representation could contain direct diagnostic information. However numerical methods are required to find suitable parameters. Our results suggest that these systems can be applied also in the case of processing ECG signals. We present measurements concerning achievable compression ratios and approximation properties. The applicability of our approach is to be examined in more detail from the medical and diagnostic point of view.
Internet of Things (IoT) Framework for u-healthcare System

The IoT plays an important role in healthcare applications, from managing chronic diseases at one end of the spectrum to preventing disease at the other. IoT devices can be used to enable remote health monitoring and emergency notification systems. IoT aims to provide means to access and control all kinds of ubiquitous and uniquely identifiable devices, facilities and assets. In this paper we discussed the background of Internet of Things (IoT) and its application to u-healthcare. This also presents the idea of framework of IoT which works for u-healthcare.
Online Subgraph Skyline Analysis over Knowledge Graphs

Subgraph search is very useful in many real-world applications. However, users may be overwhelmed by the masses of matches. In this paper, we propose a subgraph skyline analysis problem, denoted as S2A, to support more complicated analysis over graph data. Specifically, given a large graph G and a query graph q, we want to find all the subgraphs g in G, such that g is graph isomorphic to q and not dominated by any other subgraphs. In order to improve the efficiency, we devise a hybrid feature encoding incorporating both structural and numeric features based on a partitioning strategy, and discuss how to optimize the space partitioning. We also present a skylayer index to facilitate the dynamic subgraph skyline computation. Moreover, an attribute cluster-based method is proposed to deal with the curse of dimensionality. Extensive experiments over real datasets confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
Mapping the undiscovered objects and sites in Lithuania

Abstract Forlorn, uncared-for cultural or natural objects and sites fail to be included into lists of touristic attractions due to their obscurity, poor condition and communication and are usually visited by certain social groups (extreme adventure travellers, members of various subcultures and etc.). The analysis revealed a wide array of such objects and sites, which are unknown and not in very good condition, can be very different starting with manor houses, historic parks and gardens and finishing with airfields, open courses or dumping grounds. The goal of a pilot research project carried out at the National Centre of Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics “GIS-Centras” was to collect information on diverse objects and sites that are typically not included into official information sources and fall outside the tourist infrastructure network. The collected information will be published as a map service. The inventory of such undiscovered objects and sites and visualisation is one of the ways to encourage th.
Experimental study of the influence of stress, temperature, and strain on the dynamic recrystallization of Carrara marble

Carrara marble has been deformed experimentally at temperatures ranging between 500° and 1000°C, at confining pressures of 200 and 300 MPa, and up to very large strains in extension and compression, in order to study the microstructural and mechanical property changes associated with dynamic recrystallization. Microstructural studies were made by optical microscopy on ultrathin sections, and automatic grain size measurement techniques were used. When the temperature is sufficiently high (≈ 600°C) and the stresses are high enough for deformation twinning to occur, twin boundary migration is a powerful recrystallization mechanism that does not modify the grain size. At stress levels too low to activate twinning, recrystallization occurs in two stages: the formation of nuclei by grain boundary bulging and subgrain rotation recrystallization in the grain boundary regions, followed by a second stage of grain boundary migration recrystallization to a larger grain size that eventually overprints the entire rock volume. The recrystallization process requires larger prestrains at the lower temperatures. The size to which migration-recrystallized grains grow seems to be limited by the stress and grain size dependent twinning field boundary or by the boundary between the dislocation creep and grain size sensitive flow mechanisms. Within the range of experimental observations, dynamically recrystallized grain size does not depend on strain rate or temperature. Separate empirical stress versus grain size relations are presented for rotation and migration recrystallization that may be used for palaeopiezometry. No unequivocal experimental evidence of weakening resulting from recrystallization to finer grain sizes at laboratory strain rates was found. However, extrapolation of the experimental data to low, natural strain rates suggests that weakening following recrystallization may occur in nature.
Ferredoxin-NADP+ Reductase

The electron transfer cascade from photosystem I to NADP+ was studied at physiological pH by flash-absorption spectroscopy in a Synechocystis PCC6803 reconstituted system comprised of purified photosystem I, ferredoxin, and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. Experiments were conducted with a 34-kDa ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase homologous to the chloroplast enzyme and a 38-kDa N-terminal extended form. Small differences in kinetic and catalytic properties were found for these two forms, although the largest one has a 3-fold decreased affinity for ferredoxin. The dissociation rate of reduced ferredoxin from photosystem I (800 s–1) and the redox potential of the first reduction of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (–380 mV) were determined. In the absence of NADP+, differential absorption spectra support the existence of a high affinity complex between oxidized ferredoxin and semireduced ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. An effective rate of 140–170 s–1 was also measured for the second reduction of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, this process having a rate constant similar to that of the first reduction. In the presence of NADP+, the second-order rate constant for the first reduction of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase was 20% slower than in its absence, in line with the existence of ternary complexes (ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase)-NADP+-ferredoxin. A single catalytic turnover was monitored, with 50% NADP+ being reduced in 8–10 ms using 1.6 μm photosystem I. In conditions of multiple turnover, we determined initial rates of 360–410 electrons per s and per ferredox-in-NADP+ reductase for the reoxidation of 3.5 μm photoreduced ferredoxin. Identical rates were found with photosystem I lacking the PsaE subunit and wild type photosystem I. This suggests that, in contrast with previous proposals, the PsaE subunit is not involved in NADP+ photoreduction.
Evidence of hydrated and/or hydroxylated minerals on the surface of asteroid 4 Vesta

Asteroid 4 Vesta is thought to be a differentiated object with intact internal structure due to its achondritic surface. In this paper, we report K‐L band spectroscopic observations of Vesta. We have detected the presence of a 3‐μm absorption feature at about the 1% level on the surface of Vesta at longitudes between 155° and 195°. This result indicates that OH and/or H2O‐bearing minerals are present in this region of Vesta; the sources are plausibly fragments of carbonaceous chondrite impactors or solar wind implantation. The detection of 3‐μm absorption features from Vesta, regarded as the smallest terrestrial planet, may provide clues to the origin of volatile materials on terrestrial planets.
Resistance to Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer

HER2 is a transmembrane oncoprotein encoded by the HER2/neu gene and is overexpressed in approximately 20 to 25% of invasive breast cancers. It can be therapeutically targeted by trastuzumab, a humanized IgG1 kappa light chain monoclonal antibody. Although trastuzumab is currently considered one of the most effective treatments in oncology, a significant number of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer do not benefit from it. Understanding the mechanisms of action and resistance to trastuzumab is therefore crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review discusses proposed trastuzumab mode of action as well as proposed mechanisms for resistance. Mechanisms for resistance are grouped into four main categories: (1) obstacles preventing trastuzumab binding to HER2; (2) upregulation of HER2 downstream signaling pathways; (3) signaling through alternate pathways; and (4) failure to trigger an immune-mediated mechanism to destroy tumor cells. These potential mechanisms through which trastuzumab resistance may arise have been used as a guide to develop drugs, presently in clinical trials, to overcome resistance. The mechanisms conferring trastuzumab resistance, when completely understood, will provide insight on how best to treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. The understanding of each mechanism of resistance is therefore critical for the educated development of strategies to overcome it, as well as for the development of tools that would allow definitive and efficient patient selection for each therapy. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7479–91)
Endocytosis and intracellular processing of platelet microparticles by brain endothelial cells

Platelet‐derived microparticles (PMP) bind and modify the phenotype of many cell types including endothelial cells. Recently, we showed that PMP were internalized by human brain endothelial cells (HBEC). Here we intend to better characterize the internalization mechanisms of PMP and their intracellular fate. Confocal microscopy analysis of PKH67‐labelled PMP distribution in HBEC showed PMP in early endosome antigen 1 positive endosomes and in LysoTracker‐labelled lysosomes, confirming a role for endocytosis in PMP internalization. No fusion of calcein‐loaded PMP with HBEC membranes was observed. Quantification of PMP endocytosis using flow cytometry revealed that it was partially inhibited by trypsin digestion of PMP surface proteins and by extracellular Ca2+ chelation by EDTA, suggesting a partial role for receptor‐mediated endocytosis in PMP uptake. This endocytosis was independent of endothelial receptors such as intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and was not increased by tumour necrosis factor stimulation of HBEC. Platelet‐derived microparticle internalization was dramatically increased in the presence of decomplemented serum, suggesting a role for PMP opsonin‐dependent phagocytosis. Platelet‐derived microparticle uptake was greatly diminished by treatment of HBEC with cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of microfilament formation required for both phagocytosis and macropinocytosis, with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin that depletes membrane cholesterol needed for macropinocytosis and with amiloride that inhibits the Na+/H+ exchanger involved in macropinocytosis. In conclusion, PMP are taken up by active endocytosis in HBEC, involving mechanisms consistent with both phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. These findings identify new processes by which PMP could modify endothelial cell phenotype and functions.
Sources of variability in satellite-derived estimates of phytoplankton production in the eastern tropical Pacific

As a proxy for satellite (coastal zone color scanner) observations and concurrent measurements of primary production rates, data from 138 stations occupied seasonally during 1967–1968 in the offshore, eastern tropical Pacific were analyzed in terms of six temporal groups and four current regimes. In multiple linear regressions on column production Pt, we found that simulated satellite pigment is generally weakly correlated, but sometimes not correlated with Pt, and that incident irradiance, sea surface temperature, nitrate, transparency, and depths of mixed layer or nitracline assume little or no importance. After a proxy for the light-saturated chlorophyll-specific photosynthetic rate pmax is added, the coefficient of determination (r2) ranges from 0.55 to 0.91 (median of 0.85) for the 10 cases. In stepwise multiple linear regressions the pmax proxy is the best predictor for Pt. Pt can be calculated fairly accurately (on the average, within 10–20%) from satellite pigment, the 10% light depth, and station values (but not from regional or seasonal means) of the pmax proxy; for individual stations the precision is 35–84% (median of 57% for the 10 groupings; p = 0.05) of the means of observed values. At present, pmax cannot be estimated from space; in the data set it is not even highly correlated with irradiance, temperature, and nitrate at depth of occurrence. Therefore extant models for calculating Pt in this tropical ocean have inherent limits of accuracy as well as of precision owing to ignorance about a physiological parameter.
HWWI Research Paper

Labour markets in most highly developed countries are marked by rising levels of skill segregation in the production process and increasing inequalities in skill-specific employment prospects. The local skill structure is frequently regarded as a major cause for regional growth disparities. There are several studies investigating the influence of the local human capital endowment on qualification-specific wages levels. Furthermore, theoretical studies suggest that skill segregation might matter for the polarisation of wages and employment. However, analyses on regional employment growth by different skill levels are still scarce and empirical evidence on the effects of skill segregation on qualification-specific employment is completely lacking. This paper investigates the effects of the local skill composition and skill segregation in the production process on qualification-specific employment growth in West German regions. This study provides first evidence for negative effects of skill segregation on low-skilled employment growth. Furthermore, the results show that a large share of local high-skilled employment does not foster further regional concentration of human capital but positively affects the employment prospects of less skilled workers.
Automated composition of motion primitives for multi-robot systems from safe LTL specifications

We present a compositional motion planning framework for multi-robot systems based on an encoding to satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). In our framework, the desired behavior of a group of robots is specified using a set of safe linear temporal logic (LTL) properties. Our method relies on a library of motion primitives, each of which corresponds to a controller that ensures a particular trajectory in a given configuration. Using the closed-loop behavior of the robots under the action of different controllers, we formulate the motion planning problem as an SMT solving problem and use an off-the-shelf SMT solver to generate trajectories for the robots. Our approach can also be extended to synthesize optimal cost trajectories where optimality is defined with respect to the available motion primitives. Experimental results show that our framework can efficiently solve complex motion planning problems in the context of multi-robot systems.
Structural geology of the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea

Abstract The large amount of structural data available from the Gullfaks Field have been used to unravel the structural characteristics of the area. Two structurally distinct subareas have been revealed (a major domino system and an eastern horst complex) that show significant differences with respect to fault geometry, rotation and internal block deformation. The main faults have very low dips in the domino system (25–30°) as compared to the horst complex (65°), whereas most minor faults are steep in all parts of the field. Forward modelling indicates that the horst complex balances with rigid block operations. However, the domino area underwent significant internal deformation, reflected by the low acute angle between bedding and faults, and by non-planar bedding geometries. The internal deformation is modelled as a shear synthetic to, but steeper than, the main domino faults. This deformation explains a large-scale (kilometre sized) drag zone that has a triangular geometry in cross-section. Much of this shear deformation occurred by strain-dependent grain reorganization in the poorly consolidated Jurassic sediments, which led to a decrease in porosity. A strain map is presented for the domino area, indicating where the porosity is likely to have been decreased due to internal shear. Hangingwalls are generally more deformed (sheared) than footwalls. This is seen on both the kilometre scale (large-scale drag) and the metre scale (local drag).
Terrain map building for fast navigation on rugged outdoor terrain

Terrain map building is an essential component of a planning autonomous navigator. External terrain must be represented in a manner that is convenient for the path planning subsystem to use, and that is useful for fine tuning the position estimate. This work is concerned with the solution of the particular problems encountered when attempting high speed navigation of an autonomous vehicle on rough terrain. These problems include the requisite longer downrange field of view, the range shadow problem, the image fusion problem, and the motion of the vehicle during image digitization. Experimental results have been obtained for an all terrain autonomous vehicle testbed--the Navlab II. The perception system was successful in supporting runs of 6.7 kilometers at speeds averaging 1.8 meters/second while checking for obstacles, 5.1 kilometers at 1.8 meters/sec while avoiding obstacles, and 0.3 kilometers at 4.5 meters/second while checking for obstacles.
Mapping damage during the Bam (Iran) earthquake using interferometric coherence

We use changes in the interferometric coherence to map earthquake damage that occurred in the city of Bam during the Bam earthquake on 26 December 2003. The approach presented here defines a coherence change index that can be interpreted quantitatively in terms of damage during a catastrophic event like a major earthquake. Using five differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar images, we compute maps of interferometric coherence. Three coherence change images are computed from these based on different interferograms. These three damage assessments yield very similar results despite the range of times and interferometric baselines spanned. This coherence‐based damage assessment also agrees closely with independent damage maps derived from other types of imagery. Using existing or planned synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, coherence‐based damage assessments can be obtained within days after a catastrophic event, provided the necessary reference images are prepared ahead of time. As SAR sensors can operate independently of weather conditions and daylight, this may present a reliable and robust means of damage assessment.
B‐type natriuretic peptide measurement for early diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema during pregnancy

Calcium‐channel blockers administered to pregnant women as tocolytic agents can cause acute pulmonary edema. The first signs of this severe complication can be atypical and so delay introduction of appropriate therapy. We describe three cases in whom B‐type natriuretic peptide measurements proved to be relevant in early diagnosis and monitoring of pregnant women with acute pulmonary edema. B‐type natriuretic peptide measurement in this setting could contribute to timely diagnosis and improve follow‐up.