Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimality of a time-dependent treatment profile during an epidemic

The emergence and spread of drug resistance is one of the most challenging public health issues in the treatment of some infectious diseases. The objective of this work is to investigate whether the effect of resistance can be contained through a time-dependent treatment strategy during the epidemic subject to an isoperimetric constraint. We apply control theory to a population dynamical model of influenza infection with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains, and solve the associated control problem to find the optimal treatment profile that minimizes the cumulative number of infections (i.e. the epidemic final size). We consider the problem under the assumption of limited drug stockpile and show that as the size of stockpile increases, a longer delay in start of treatment is required to minimize the total number of infections. Our findings show that the amount of drugs used to minimize the total number of infections depends on the rate of de novo resistance regardless of the initial size of drug stockpile. We demonstrate that both the rate of resistance emergence and the relative transmissibility of the resistant strain play important roles in determining the optimal timing and level of treatment profile.
Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em sobreviventes de câncer infantil: uma revisão sistemática

O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisao sistematica da literatura sobre o Transtorno de Estresse Pos-Traumatico (TEPT) em sobreviventes de câncer infantil, no periodo de janeiro de 2007 a julho de 2012, nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Academic Search Premier, Science Direct e Medline . Foram encontrados nove artigos publicados em diferentes revistas da area da saude. Resultado: Os resultados indicaram que os indices de TEPT em sobreviventes de câncer infantil sao sempre maiores quando comparados aos irmaos, ou populacao sem historico da doenca. E que os sintomas de TEPT afetam em varios aspectos de suas vidas, como psicologicamente e socialmente. Conclusoes: e de suma importância a investigacao do tema, bem como o investimento em programas de intervencao especificos para esta populacao.
Male choice for female colour morphs in Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae): testing the hypotheses

The occurrence of different conspecific female colour morphs, with one of the morphs resembling the male, is supposed to have consequences for mate choice. There are two hypotheses linking mate choice and female colour polymorphism. First, males may mate predominantly with female morphs that differ from the male because they do not recognize androchrome females as females (male mimic hypothesis). Second, males may be more attracted to the most common morph in the population (habituation hypothesis). We tested these hypotheses in five populations of the same species, Ischnura elegans, with a range of androchrome frequencies. In each population we performed binary choice experiments in small cages. Males did not consistently prefer gynochrome females but mated predominantly with the most common morph in the population. Moreover, a reanalysis of the available damselfly data in the literature also supported the habituation hypothesis. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
A weighted genetic risk score using all known susceptibility variants to estimate rheumatoid arthritis risk

Background There is currently great interest in the incorporation of genetic susceptibility loci into screening models to identify individuals at high risk of disease. Here, we present the first risk prediction model including all 46 known genetic loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was created using 45 RA non-human leucocyte antigen (HLA) susceptibility loci, imputed amino acids at HLA-DRB1 (11, 71 and 74), HLA-DPB1 (position 9) HLA-B (position 9) and gender. The wGRS was tested in 11 366 RA cases and 15 489 healthy controls. The risk of developing RA was estimated using logistic regression by dividing the wGRS into quintiles. The ability of the wGRS to discriminate between cases and controls was assessed by receiver operator characteristic analysis and discrimination improvement tests. Results Individuals in the highest risk group showed significantly increased odds of developing anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-positive RA compared to the lowest risk group (OR 27.13, 95% CI 23.70 to 31.05). The wGRS was validated in an independent cohort that showed similar results (area under the curve 0.78, OR 18.00, 95% CI 13.67 to 23.71). Comparison of the full wGRS with a wGRS in which HLA amino acids were replaced by a HLA tag single-nucleotide polymorphism showed a significant loss of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Our study suggests that in RA, even when using all known genetic susceptibility variants, prediction performance remains modest; while this is insufficiently accurate for general population screening, it may prove of more use in targeted studies. Our study has also highlighted the importance of including HLA variation in risk prediction models.
WIMAX TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

2. Introduction WiMAX is an IP based, wireless broadband access technology that provides performance similar to 802.11/Wi-Fi networks with the coverage and QOS (qu ality of service) of cellular networks. WiMAX is also an acronym meaning "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 10 miles (5 15 km) fo r mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi/802.11 wireless loc a area network standard is limited in most cases to only 1 00 300 feet (30 100m). WiMAX operates on both licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated environment and viable economic model for wireless carriers. The average c ell ranges for most WiMAX networks will likely boast 45 mile range (in NLOS capable frequencies) even throu gh tree cover and building walls. Service ranges up t o 10 miles (16 Kilometers) are very likely in line of si ght (LOS) applications (once again depending upon frequency). Mobile WiMAX capabilities on a per customer basis are much better than competing 3G technologies. WiMAX is often cited to possess a spectral efficiency of 5 b ps/Hz, which is very good in comparison to other broadband wireless technologies, especially 3G.
The Changing Association between Prenatal Participation in WIC and Birth Outcomes in New York City

We analyze the relationship between prenatal WIC participation and birth outcomes in New York City from 1988-2001. The analysis is unique for several reasons. First, we have over 800,000 births to women on Medicaid, the largest sample ever used to analyze prenatal participation in WIC. Second, we focus on measures of fetal growth distinct from preterm birth, since there is little clinical support for a link between nutritional supplementation and premature delivery. Third, we restrict the primary analysis to women on Medicaid who have no previous live births and who initiate prenatal care within the first four months of pregnancy. Our goal is to lessen heterogeneity between WIC and non-WIC participants by limiting the sample to highly motivated women who have no experience with WIC from a previous pregnancy. Fourth, we analyze a large sub-sample of twin deliveries. Multifetal pregnancies increase the risk of anemia and fetal growth retardation and thus may benefit more than singletons from nutritional supplementation. We find no relationship between prenatal WIC participation and measures of fetal growth among singletons. We find a modest pattern of association between WIC and fetal growth among U.S.-born Black twins. Our findings suggest that prenatal participation in WIC has had a minimal effect on adverse birth outcomes in New York City.
Error Minimization Algorithm Using Barycentric Coordinates for Wireless Positioning Systems

This paper presents Barycentric Coordinates using Closed-Points (BCCP) algorithm to minimize positioning error occurred by AP arrangement form. Triangular AP arrangement form and straight line AP arrangement form were used to include measurement error and conduct simulation in which the presented algorithm and least-square method was used for simulation performance analysis. As result of simulation performance analysis, there was no big difference in BCCP algorithm and least-square method in triangular AP arrangement form. However, least-square method showed an average of 48.8m in straight line AP arrangement form while BCCP algorithm showed 4.28m error.
Mutations in the pale aleurone color1 Regulatory Gene of the Zea mays Anthocyanin Pathway Have Distinct Phenotypes Relative to the Functionally Similar TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana On-line version contains Web-only data.

The pale aleurone color1 (pac1) locus, required for anthocyanin pigment in the aleurone and scutellum of the Zea mays (maize) seed, was cloned using Mutator transposon tagging. pac1 encodes a WD40 repeat protein closely related to anthocyanin regulatory proteins ANTHOCYANIN11 (AN11) (Petunia hybrida [petunia]) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) (Arabidopsis thaliana). Introduction of a 35S-Pac1 transgene into A. thaliana complemented multiple ttg1 mutant phenotypes, including ones nonexistent in Z. mays. Hybridization of Z. mays genomic BAC clones with the pac1 sequence identified an additional related gene, mp1. PAC1 and MP1 deduced protein sequences were used as queries to build a phylogenetic tree of homologous WD40 repeat proteins, revealing an ancestral gene duplication leading to two clades in plants, the PAC1 clade and the MP1 clade. Subsequent duplications within each clade have led to additional WD40 repeat proteins in particular species, with all mutants defective in anthocyanin expression contained in the PAC1 clade. Substantial differences in pac1, an11, and ttg1 mutant phenotypes suggest the evolutionary divergence of regulatory mechanisms for several traits that cannot be ascribed solely to divergence of the dicot and monocot protein sequences.
Acceleration of susceptibility weighted imaging using compressed sensing

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown great merits in diagnosing brain diseases related to venous vasculature. A relatively long echo time (TE) is typically used for optimal venous contrast. This often leads to a long scan time for high resolution SWI, and can hamper routine clinical applications. Recently, compressed sensing (CS) holds considerable promise to accelerate MRI data acquisition by exploiting signal sparsity. In this study, we investigated feasibility of applying CS to SWI data acquisition to reduce scan time. It was found that CS can achieve reasonably high quality SWI reconstruction using only small fractional k-space coverage.
Pick-a-crowd: tell me what you like, and i'll tell you what to do

Crowdsourcing allows to build hybrid online platforms that combine scalable information systems with the power of human intelligence to complete tasks that are difficult to tackle for current algorithms. Examples include hybrid database systems that use the crowd to fill missing values or to sort items according to subjective dimensions such as picture attractiveness. Current approaches to Crowdsourcing adopt a pull methodology where tasks are published on specialized Web platforms where workers can pick their preferred tasks on a first-come-first-served basis. While this approach has many advantages, such as simplicity and short completion times, it does not guarantee that the task is performed by the most suitable worker. In this paper, we propose and extensively evaluate a different Crowdsourcing approach based on a push methodology. Our proposed system carefully selects which workers should perform a given task based on worker profiles extracted from social networks. Workers and tasks are automatically matched using an underlying categorization structure that exploits entities extracted from the task descriptions on one hand, and categories liked by the user on social platforms on the other hand. We experimentally evaluate our approach on tasks of varying complexity and show that our push methodology consistently yield better results than usual pull strategies.
Dimensions Underlying Rating Responses to 50 Randomly Selected Emotional Words: A Systematic Replication with Naive Subjects

A systematic replication employed 14 naive subjects in the semantic rating of 50 affective words. Mean ratings from two groups correlated very strongly, e.g., . 95, . 93, with those previously produced by experienced subjects, and factor analyses of naive ratings validated the importance (80% of total variance) of Pleasure and Arousal as dimensions of affect. A third “ghost” (9% of total variance) factor was shown to be less predictive as well as less stable
The Rat Adrenal Medulla

Adult adrenal medullary cells, in many strains of rats, develop diffuse and nodular hyperplasia and neoplasia under a variety of conditions. Both endogenous and exogenous factors affect the development of these proliferative changes. The former include the animals's train, age, and sex. The latter include drugs and other environmental agents, diet, and perhaps stress. Adrenal medullary neoplasms which arise under diverse circumstances of ten closely resemble each other both morphologically and functionally, and exhibit characteristics of immature chromaffin cells. Recent data indicate that normal, mature-appearing epinephrine-and norepinephrine-type chromaffin cells are able to divide, and suggest that signals which regulate chromaffin cell function also regulate cell proliferation. Prolongation of these signals or superimposed abnormalities might initiate pathological proliferative states. It remains to be determined whether the mechanisms which promote or prevent cell proliferation in the adult adrenal are related to those involved in normal development.
Performance of Multithreaded Chip Multiprocessors and Implications for Operating System Design

We investigated how operating system design should be adapted for multithreaded chip multiprocessors (CMT) - a new generation of processors that exploit thread-level parallelism to mask the memory latency in modern workloads. We determined that the L2 cache is a critical shared resource on CMT and that an insufficient amount of L2 cache can undermine the ability to hide memory latency on these processors. To use the L2 cache as efficiently as possible, we propose an L2-conscious scheduling algorithm and quantify its performance potential. Using this algorithm it is possible to reduce miss ratios in the L2 cache by 25-37% and improve processor throughput by 27-45%.
When Bidding More is Not Enough: All-Pay Auctions with Handicaps

We consider a standard two-player all-pay auction with private values, where the valuation for the object is private information to each bidder. The crucial feature is that one bidder is favored by the allocation rule in the sense that he need not bid as much as the other bidder to win the auction. Analogously, the other bidder is handicapped by the rule as overbidding the rival may not be enough to win the auction. Clearly, this has important implications on equilibrium behavior. We fully characterize the equilibrium strategies for this auction format and show that there exists a unique pure strategy Bayesian Nash Equilibrium.
A Halting Algorithm to Determine the Existence of the Decoder

Complementary synthesis automatically synthesizes the decoder circuit of an encoder. It determines the existence of the decoder by checking whether the encoder's input can be uniquely determined by its output. However, this algorithm will not halt if the decoder does not exist. To solve this problem, a novel halting algorithm is proposed. For every path of the encoder, this algorithm first checks whether the encoder's input can be uniquely determined by its output. If yes, the decoder exists; otherwise, this algorithm checks if this path contains loops, which can be further unfolded to prove the non-existence of the decoder for all those longer paths. To illustrate its usefulness and efficiency, this algorithm has been run on several complex encoders, including PCI-E and Ethernet. Experimental results indicate that this algorithm always halts properly by distinguishing correct encoders from incorrect ones, and it is more than three times faster than previous ones.
Exercise‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Older Adults as a Function of Habitual Activity Level

OBJECTIVES It has been suggested that regular physical activity might maintain and promote the antioxidant defense capacity against oxidative stress. Therefore, we assessed exercise-induced oxidative stress in relation to habitual physical activity level (PAL) in older adults. DESIGN The study included a 2-week observation period for the measurement of average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) and PAL. Exercise-induced oxidative stress was measured during a 45-minute cycling test at submaximal intensity. SETTING A university medical research center. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-six subjects volunteered for the study (n = 26; mean age +/- standard deviation 60 +/- 1; body mass index 27 +/- 1 kg/m2). MEASUREMENTS PAL was determined as ADMR combined with a measurement of basal metabolic rate (BMR): PAL = ADMR/BMR. ADMR was measured over 2 weeks with the doubly labeled water method, preceded by a BMR measurement with a ventilated hood. Antipyrine oxidation was used as marker for oxidative stress in vivo. Reaction of antipyrine with hydroxyl radicals results in the formation of para-hydroxyantipyrine (p-APOH) and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine (o-APOH), where o-APOH is not formed through alternative oxygenetic pathways. RESULTS PAL was inversely related to the exercise-induced increase in the ratio of o-APOH to native antipyrine (r = 0.49, P = .010). The relationship between PAL and exercise-induced increase in the ratio of p-APOH (r = 0.30, P = .140) or thiobarbituric acid reactive species (r = 0.31, P = .130) did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSION Physically active older adults have a reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress than older adults with a lower level of physical activity. It seems that regular physical activity improves the antioxidant defense capacity.
Contribution à l'ordonnancement des activités de maintenance dans les systèmes de production

Le contexte de notre travail s'interesse a l'ordonnancement des activites de maintenance dans les systemes de production. L'objectif de la these concerne l'elaboration de methodes de resolution minimisant un critere regroupant les deux aspects production et maintenance. Les regles de priorite ainsi que les algorithmes genetiques ayant fait leur preuve dans le domaine seront a la base de notre etude. Etude faite tout d'abord sur un probleme a une machine puis etendue au cas du Flow Shop. Notre contribution comporte tois volets. Le premier volet prend appui sur les solutions generees a l'aide d'une regle de dominance reliant les tâches de production et les tâches de maintenance. Le deuxieme volet propose un algorithme par separation et evaluation permettant de generer des ordonnancements de permutation du probleme conjoint de la production et de la maintenance au sein du FLow Shop a deux machines. Le troisieme volet etend l'etude au cas du Flow Shop a plusieurs machines. Nous proposons dans ce cas un algorithme genetique avec un codage approprie. Cet algorithme a l'avantage de balayer tout l'espace de recherche et par consequent de generer des ordonnancements de tres bonne qualite. Nous optons pour la maintenance preventive systematique pour l'appliquer dans notre etude. L'une des difficultes majeures de ce type de maintenance est le choix des periodes d'interventions optimales. Nous proposons dans ce cadre une methode de choix de periodes systematiques.
Acute Gastroduodenal Perforations Associated with Use of Crack

Crack, the free-base form of cocaine, was introduced as an illicit street drug in 1986. Since then, we have noted a significant increase in acute gastroduodenal perforations. Between 1982 and 1986, we treated 11 patients with such perforations. This represents a constant occurrence rate of 6% of hospital admissions for peptic ulcer disease. Since 1986 we have treated 16 patients with gastroduodenal perforation, which yields an occurrence rate of 16%. Nine of the 16 patients had a close temporal relationship between the use of crack and the onset of their perforation. This group was younger and disproportionately comprised of male patients. These findings led us to believe that there may be a pathogenic relationship between the use of crack and acute gastroduodenal perforation, and the clinician should be aware of the various potential complications of this new drug. This relationship also raises questions about the exact pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease.
Accelerated food source location in aging Drosophila

Adequate energy stores are essential for survival, and sophisticated neuroendocrine mechanisms evolved to stimulate foraging in response to nutrient deprivation. Food search behavior is usually investigated in young animals, and it is not known how aging alters this behavior. To address this question in Drosophila melanogaster, we compared the ability to locate food by olfaction in young and old flies using a food‐filled trap. As aging is associated with a decline in motor functions, learning, and memory, we expected that aged flies would take longer to enter the food trap than their young counterparts. Surprisingly, old flies located food with significantly shorter latency than young ones. Robust food search behavior was associated with significantly lower fat reserves and lower starvation resistance in old flies. Food‐finding latency (FFL) was shortened in young wild‐type flies that were starved until their fat was depleted but also in heterozygous chico mutants with reduced insulin receptor activity and higher fat deposits. Conversely, food trap entry was delayed in old flies with increased insulin signaling. Our results suggest that the difference in FFL between young and old flies is linked to age‐dependent differences in metabolic status and may be mediated by reduced insulin signaling.
The Influence of a Structured Physical Education Plan on Preschool Children's Psychomotor Development Profiles

IN THE TEACHING–LEARNING process, regular physical activity and structured physical education (PE) classes develop children's motor skills and mental capacities during early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of PE on the psychomotor development of three-year-old preschool children. The participant sample consisted of 95 three-year-old students (both sexes) from nine public kindergarten classes in Oporto, Portugal. A battery of psychomotor tests (pre-test) was used to assess the students' psychomotor development profiles. The sample was divided in two groups: an experimental group (47 students) and a control group (48 students). PE teachers used a structured 24-week PE plan in the experimental group. After the plan was completed, the same battery of tests (post-test) was administered to both groups. Both groups developed their psychomotor profiles, but the development was always statistically higher in the experimental group. There were no significant variations associated with gender. Structured PE is important for preschool children's psychomotor development. The significance of physical activity for children's relationships with the outside world was verified because their overall development was enhanced by structured PE lessons.