Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blind interference alignment for three-user multi-hop SISO interference channel

Interference Alignment (IA) is a rather new technique to achieve higher Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) compared to traditional orthogonal naive methods, like, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). In many IA schemes, Instantaneous Channel State Information at Transmitter (CSIT) is mandatory. However, this requirement becomes an obstacle to implement those methods in practice. In some practical scenarios, it is not possible to provide instantaneous or even delayed CSIT. Recently, Blind Interference Alignment (BIA) has been introduced as a solution to align interference without CSIT. In spit of major advances in single-hop Interference Channels (ICs), few researches focused on multi-hop ICs. In this paper, we investigate the three-user multi-hop Single-Input Single-Ouput (SISO) IC. We present a BIA method to achieve the optimal DoF of this network without CSIT. Moreover, the relays do not have CSI and they using Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relaying strategy. Our method is based on using multi-mode antennas at the receivers. We also investigate a more practical case, in which the relays of an intermediate layer are equipped with multi-mode antennas and know global CSI, while the receivers use conventional antennas. In both cases, our methods achieve maximum achievable sum-DoF, equal to 6/5. Hence, our proposed methods are optimal in the sense of DoF.
A New Functional Role for Mechanistic/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) in the Circadian Regulation of L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Avian Cone Photoreceptors

In the retina, the L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) are responsible for neurotransmitter release from photoreceptors and are under circadian regulation. Both the current densities and protein expression of L-VGCCs are significantly higher at night than during the day. However, the underlying mechanisms of circadian regulation of L-VGCCs in the retina are not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) signaling pathway participated in the circadian phase-dependent modulation of L-VGCCs. The activities of the mTOR cascade, from mTORC1 to its downstream targets, displayed circadian oscillations throughout the course of a day. Disruption of mTORC1 signaling dampened the L-VGCC current densities, as well as the protein expression of L-VGCCs at night. The decrease of L-VGCCs at night by mTORC1 inhibition was in part due to a reduction of L-VGCCα1 subunit translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Finally, we showed that mTORC1 was downstream of the phosphatidylionositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway. Taken together, mTORC1 signaling played a role in the circadian regulation of L-VGCCs, in part through regulation of ion channel trafficking and translocation, which brings to light a new functional role for mTORC1: the modulation of ion channel activities.
Worldviews in collision: conflict and collaboration across professional lines

The process of providing health services in hospitals is inherently interdisciplinary; many of the challenges to enhancing quality and safety involve the human aspects of this interdisciplinary system. Each of the major disciplines—physicians, nurses, allied health providers, and health administrators—represent qualitatively distinct sets of goals and professional values, influencing not only current behavior but also who chooses these roles in the first place. Once a career is selected, the educational process further fortifies these differences, such that new professionals enter the workplace with fundamentally divergent perspectives on how care should be provided and how processes should be improved. These differences are in some ways functional but in other ways create work patterns that are both dysfunctional and very puzzling to outsiders. In this paper, we provide a guide to hospital organizational behavior through the lenses of professional preparation and interprofessional conflict. We review research on career choice, education, and cross-disciplinary teamwork in healthcare, and end with a set of implications for organizational behavior researchers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Semantics in Translation Recognition: Effects of Number of Translations, Dominance of Translations and Semantic Relatedness of Multiple Translations.

This study aims to examine the influence of multiple translations of a word on bilingual processing in three translation recognition experiments during which French–English bilinguals had to decide whether two words were translations of each other or not. In the first experiment, words with only one translation were recognized as translations faster than words with multiple translations. Furthermore, when words were presented with their dominant translation, the recognition process was faster than when words were presented with their non-dominant translation. In Experiment 2, these effects were replicated in both directions of translation (L1–L2 and L2–L1). In Experiment 3, we manipulated number-of-translations and the semantic relatedness between the different translations of a word. When the two translations of a word (i.e., bateau) were related in meaning (synonyms such as the English translations boat and ship), the translation recognition process was faster than when the two translations of a word (i.e., argent) were unrelated in meaning (the two translations money and silver). The consequences of translation ambiguities are discussed in the light of the distributed conceptual feature model of bilingual memory (De Groot, 1992b; Van Hell and De Groot, 1998b).
Do Adjectives and Functors Interfere as Much as Nouns in Naming Pictures

EHRI, LINNEA C. Do Adjectives and Functors Interfere as Much as Nouns in Naming Pictures? CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 697-701. Thirdand sixth-grade readers were asked to label sets of pictures printed with distracting words (either nouns, adjectives, or functors) and nonsense syllables. Picture-naming latencies were significantly longer with nouns than with adjectives and functors, indicating that noun interference stems from semantic-conceptual rather than phonological sources. Latency patterns among the words were similar for younger and older readers, suggesting that both groups are equally susceptible to semantic sources of interference. Adjectives but not functors yielded substantially longer latencies than nonsense syllables. However, interpretation is difficult because of the inadequacy of nonsense syllables as a control for phonological interference.
Gender Differences in Immune Reconstitution: A Multicentric Cohort Analysis in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, men living with HIV often start ART at more advanced stages of disease and have higher early mortality than women. We investigated gender difference in long-term immune reconstitution. Methods/Principal Findings Antiretroviral-naïve adults who received ART for at least 9 months in four HIV programs in sub-Saharan Africa were included. Multivariate mixed linear models were used to examine gender differences in immune reconstitution on first line ART. A total of 21,708 patients (68% women) contributed to 61,912 person-years of follow-up. At ART start,. Median CD4 at ART were 149 [IQR 85–206] for women and 125 cells/µL [IQR 63–187] for men. After the first year on ART, immune recovery was higher in women than in men, and gender-based differences increased by 20 CD4 cells/µL per year on average (95% CI 16–23; P<0.001). Up to 6 years after ART start, patients with low initial CD4 levels experienced similar gains compared to patients with high initial levels, including those with CD4>250cells/µL (difference between patients with <50 cells/µL and those with >250 was 284 cells/µL; 95% CI 272–296; LR test for interaction with time p = 0.63). Among patients with initial CD4 count of 150–200 cells/µL, women reached 500 CD4 cells after 2.4 years on ART (95% CI 2.4–2.5) and men after 4.5 years (95% CI 4.1–4.8) of ART use. Conclusion Women achieved better long-term immune response to ART, reaching CD4 level associated with lower risks of AIDS related morbidity and mortality quicker than men.
Sequential Randomized Algorithms for Convex Optimization in the Presence of Uncertainty

In this technical note, we propose new sequential randomized algorithms for convex optimization problems in the presence of uncertainty. A rigorous analysis of the theoretical properties of the solutions obtained by these algorithms, for full constraint satisfaction and partial constraint satisfaction, respectively, is given. The proposed methods allow to enlarge the applicability of the existing randomized methods to real-world applications involving a large number of design variables. Since the proposed approach does not provide a priori bounds on the sample complexity, extensive numerical simulations, dealing with an application to hard-disk drive servo design, are provided. These simulations testify the goodness of the proposed solution.
Gradient-based Hierarchical Clustering

We derive a continuous cost function for hierarchical clustering that is amenable to gradient-based optimization. Our continuous cost function is inspired by a recently proposed, discrete hierarchical cost function [5]. We present an accompanying algorithm that proceeds in two stages. In the ﬁrst stage, the algorithm learns parametric routing functions at each node in a ﬁxed hierarchy. In the second stage, the data points are clustered by routing each one from the root to a leaf. The routing function at each node may be arbitrarily complex as long as it is differentiable–e.g., a neural network. This facilitates discovery of arbitrary cluster boundaries. We present two algorithms for routing function optimization; the more efﬁcient algorithm optimizes routers of disjoint subtrees in parallel, leading to enhanced scalability. In experiments with traditional clustering datasets, our method is competitive with other state of the art methods.
OLFinder: Finding opinion leaders in online social networks

Opinion leaders are the influential people who are able to shape the minds and thoughts of other people in their society. Finding opinion leaders is an important task in various domains ranging from marketing to politics. In this paper, a new effective algorithm for finding opinion leaders in a given domain in online social networks is introduced. The proposed algorithm, named OLFinder, detects the main topics of discussion in a given domain, calculates a competency and a popularity score for each user in the given domain, then calculates a probability for being an opinion leader in that domain by using the competency and the popularity scores and finally ranks the users of the social network based on their probability of being an opinion leader. Our experimental results show that OLFinder outperforms other methods based on precision-recall, average precision and P@N measures.
Comparison of biophysical and morphological properties of occluded and extracellular nonoccluded baculovirus from in vivo and in vitro host systems

Electron microscopic examination and buoyant density profiles of nonoccluded Rachiplusia ou and Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis viruses purified from both infectious insect hemolymph and cell culture medium revealed that the viruses are enveloped, single nucleocapsids. The envelopes exhibited variation in the amount and degree of fit with regard to the nucleocapsids. This was determined by: (i) electron microscopic observations of virus budding from the surface of infected cells; (ii) electron microscopic observations of negatively stained preparations of pelleted, highly purified, nonoccluded enveloped particles; and (iii) the resolution and density distributions of nonoccluded virus in sucrose gradients after centrifugation to equilibrium; all were compared with virus extracted from polyhedra. Peplomers, ovserved on the surface of enveloped nucleocapsids of nonoccluded virus, are not associated with polyhedra-derived virus. Density gradient analysis indicated that virus from insect hemolymph and culture medium exhibited similar densities of approximately 1.17 to 1.18 g/ml. This is significantly different from the buoyant density of an alkali-liberated, enveloped single nucleocapsid (1.20 g/ml). Results of this study show that the nonoccluded forms of two nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from two different sources, hemolymph and cell culture, are similar with regard to several morphological and biophysical characteristics but are quite different from the alkali-liberated, polyhedra-derived form of the virus.
Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and -3 with cediranib (AZD2171): effects on migration and invasion of gastrointestinal cancer cell lines

The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligands and cediranib on tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was determined. It has recently been suggested that autocrine signaling through the VEGF receptor (VEGFR) pathway may play a role in tumor cell survival, invasion, and migration. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression of VEGFRs and VEGFR ligands in a panel of gastrointestinal carcinoma cells. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of VEGF autocrine signaling on tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion utilizing cediranib (AZD2171), a pan-VEGFR inhibitor. Five colorectal, three pancreatic, and two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were screened for VEGFR and VEGF expression by several methods. Expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-3 was cell line–dependent, whereas VEGFR-2 was not detected. Secretion of VEGF-A was detected in the supernatants of all cell lines whereas VEGF-C secretion was detected in the Panc-1, MiaPaca2, and Hep1 cells only. Tumor cells showed increased migratory activity, but not proliferation, when stimulated with VEGFs. The pan-VEGFR inhibitor cediranib (100 nmol/L) inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion, with no effects on proliferation. Cediranib decreased VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-3 phosphorylation as well as activation of downstream effectors. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-3 expression was detected in all the gastrointestinal carcinoma cells evaluated. Although activation of the VEGF pathway did not affect cell proliferation, our data indicate that this pathway seems to play a role in tumor cell migration and invasion in these cell lines. Therefore, inhibition of VEGFR by cediranib may represent a clinically relevant treatment option for gastrointestinal tumors. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(9):2546–58]
Adhesive Durability Inside the Root Canal Using Self-adhesive Resin Cements for Luting Fiber Posts.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various self-adhesive resin cements on the push-out bond strengths and nanoleakage expression at the luting interfaces of fiber posts immediately and after one year of aging. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred forty-four extracted human anterior teeth were endodontically treated. After post space preparation, fiber posts were luted using five commercially available self-adhesive resin (SAR) cements and a core build-up material applied with a self-etch adhesive (BF: Bifix SE/Rebilda Post, VOCO; CSA: Clearfil SA Cement/Rely X Fiber Post, 3M ESPE; RX: RelyX Unicem 2/Rely X Fiber Post, 3M ESPE; SPC: Speed Cem/FRC Postec, Ivoclar Vivadent; SMC: Smart Cem/X Post, Dentsply; RB: Rebilda DC-Futurabond/Rebilda Post; n=22). For each group, half of the specimens were subjected to thermocycling (TC) (5°C-55°C, 10,000 cycles) and stored humid for one year at 37°C. Push-out bond strength data of six slices (thickness 1 mm) per root and nanoleakage expression of representative specimens were evaluated after 24 hours (baseline) and after TC and storage for one year (aging), respectively. RESULTS Bond strength differed significantly among resin cements (p<0.0005) and the location inside the root canal (p<0.0005), but not by aging (p=0.390; repeated-measures analysis of variance). SMC (14.6±5.8 MPa) and RX (14.1±6.8 MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength compared to BF (10.6±5.4 MPa) and RB (10.0±4.6 MPa) but differed not significantly from SPC (12.8±4.8) MPa; CSA (6.1±4.6 MPa) revealed significantly lower bond strength compared to all other investigated materials (p<0.05; Tukey Honestly Significantly Different). Qualitative nanoleakage analysis revealed more silver deposits at the interface in all groups after aging. For CSA, a large amount of silver deposits inside the cement was also observed at baseline and after aging. CONCLUSIONS Fiber post luting using SAR cements demonstrated reliable bond strengths. Product-specific differences and initial degradation effects could be demonstrated.
The Multicultural City as Planners’ Enigma

Planners in the USA and other Western European countries are faced with the dilemma of how to deal with the demands of an increasingly multicultural population. This problem has become more acute as the number of immigrants from non-European countries has grown in the last several decades. This paper examines how this demographic shift impacts on planning practice. Two planning practice issues are examined; historic preservation and housing for ethno-cultural groups. The paper discusses why these two issues and other emerging demands of ethno-cultural groups matter to planners. A suggestion is made for changing the culture of planning and planning processes to recognize plurality as points of departure in planning practice.
Une méthode de calcul du stock d'enseignement

Résumé Depuis la guerre, les études se sont multipliées sur les rapports entre l'éducation et le développement économique. Il a été reconnu que la formation d'un homme a une valeur d'investissement. Des calculs ont été tentés pour la mesurer dans le cadre national. Faute de données suffisamment précises, la comptabilité nationale classique ne range cependant pas les dépenses d'enseignement parmi les investissements, ce terme restant réservé aux constructions matérielles. Avant même de pousser les calculs jusqu'à la mesure de l'influence de l'instruction dans un pays sur le progrès de son revenu national par habitant, il est utile de calculer ce que l'on appelle le stock d'enseignement (ou de façon moins correcte d'éducation), c'est-à-dire le patrimoine intellectuel accumulé par les études scolaires et universitaires. MM. Michel Debeauvais et Pierre Maes ont fait, au groupe de recherche de l'I.E.D.E. S. (1), une importante étude pour la France, dont sont donnés ici les principaux résultats.
Can smartphones support inclusion for autism in mainstream

Purpose – The “Helping Autism Diagnosed Navigate and Develop Socially” (HANDS) project developed a suite of mobile apps for smartphones, which support children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with social and life skills functioning – areas of ability which tend to be impaired in this population. The apps were field tested in four special schools. The purpose of this paper is to report on an exploratory investigation of the potential use of this and similar technology to support the inclusion of children with ASD in mainstream secondary schools. Design/methodology/approach – A series of technology familiarization sessions and follow up focus groups were held with children with ASD, teachers, teaching assistants and parents at three mainstream secondary schools. A thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts was undertaken. Findings – The analysis indicated common themes across schools relating to challenges and opportunities in the use of smartphones to develop social and life skills. Wider debate.
Invasive Microascus trigonosporus Species Complex Pulmonary Infection in a Lung Transplant Recipient

Because of the high incidence of morbidity and mortality associated with invasive fungal infections, antifungal prophylaxis is often used in solid organ transplant recipients. However, this prophylaxis is not universally effective and may contribute to the selection of emerging, resistant pathogens. Here we present a rare case of invasive infection caused by Microascus trigonosporus species complex in a human, which developed during voriconazole prophylaxis in a lung transplant recipient. Nebulized liposomal amphotericin B was used in addition to systemic therapy in order to optimize antifungal drug exposure; this regimen appeared to reduce the patient's fungal burden. Despite this apparent improvement, the patient's pulmonary status progressively declined in the setting of multiple comorbidities, ultimately leading to respiratory failure and death.
Acute impact of active and passive electronic cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function

Abstract Context: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular yet their effects on health remain unknown. Objective: To conduct the first comprehensive and standardized assessment of the acute impact of active and passive e-cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function, as compared to active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking. Materials and methods: Fifteen smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day; seven females; eight males) and 15 never-smokers (seven females; eight males) completed this repeated-measures controlled study. Smokers underwent a control session, an active tobacco cigarette (their favorite brand) smoking session and an active e-cigarette smoking session. Never-smokers underwent a control session, a passive tobacco cigarette smoking session and a passive e-cigarette smoking session. Serum cotinine, lung function, exhaled carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were assessed. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.001 to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results: e-Cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes generated similar (p > 0.001) effects on serum cotinine levels after active (60.6 ± 34.3 versus 61.3 ± 36.6 ng/ml) and passive (2.4 ± 0.9 versus 2.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml) smoking. Neither a brief session of active e-cigarette smoking (indicative: 3% reduction in FEV1/FVC) nor a 1 h passive e-cigarette smoking (indicative: 2.3% reduction in FEV1/FVC) significantly affected the lung function (p > 0.001). In contrast, active (indicative: 7.2% reduction in FEV1/FVC; p < 0.001) but not passive (indicative: 3.4% reduction in FEV1/FVC; p = 0.005) tobacco cigarette smoking undermined lung function. Conclusion: Regarding short-term usage, the studied e-cigarettes generate smaller changes in lung function but similar nicotinergic impact to tobacco cigarettes. Future research should target the health effects of long-term e-cigarette usage, including the effects of nicotine dosage.
Econometric analysis and digital marketing: how to measure the effectiveness of an ad

Over the past 18 years online advertising has grown to a $70 billion industry worldwide annually. Despite this impressive growth, online advertising faces many (and some would say traditional) challenges including how to measure the efficiency or the potential loss of sales caused by the inefficient use of advertising dollars. Consequently, it is vital to measure, maximize, and benchmark the efficiency of advertising media expenditures. This tutorial introduces the field of econometrics as a means of measuring the effectiveness of digital marketing. Econometrics is a field that extends and applies statistical methods to the analysis of economic phenomena. In that vein, econometrics goes beyond traditional statistics and explicitly recognizes the complexities of human behavior. Consider for example the impact of deep discounts on survival of restaurants. Struggling businesses are more likely to offer these deep discounts and eventually fail. A naïve application of statistical techniques will overestimate the impact of deep discounts on business survival. In this case, the discounts are an endogenous variable as compared to an exogenous variable. This type of specification error highlights why we need a deeper look at the variables that go into statistical models. Econometrics addresses these and other issues in a formal and rigorous manner.