Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entropy Methods

Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor and teacher Professor Vitali Milman. Professor Milman's help, guidance, support and dedication, were invaluable. His contribution of ideas, continuous advice and encouragement, and his kindness, have made being a student of his a real experience. His contribution to my understanding of mathematics and to my research cannot be overestimated. Abstract The topics of this thesis are at the meeting point of Analysis and Geometry. In this field of Asymptotic Functional Analysis one studies asymptotic phenomena in finite dimensional linear spaces as the dimension of the space grows to infinity. In particular, the limit behavior as n tends to infinity of certain properties and parameters related to subsets of n-dimensional spaces are examined. The properties of convex bodies play a major role. The field has evolved from the field of Geometric Functional Analysis, providing a new approach to some central problems. The theory, for example, enables us to investigate infinite dimensional spaces via their finite dimensional sections or projections. This thesis is concentrated around two main directions, which are connected: metric entropy and informational theoretic entropy. The main part of the results consists of the solution of two open problems, each more than 30 years old. The first (joint work with V. Milman and S. Szarek) is the solution of the Duality of Entropy Numbers Conjecture, in the case where one of the two spaces involved is euclidean. This conjecture was posed by Pietsch in 1972, as a consequence of " experimental " data regarding the behavior of sequences of entropy numbers for operators and their duals, which he computed. The case where one of the spaces is euclidean has always been considered as the main case and was investigated and others. The proof of the conjecture reveals a strong and surprising connection between the geometric structure of a space and its dual. The dissertation includes also generalizations of this theorem (joint work with V. Milman, S. Szarek and N. Tomczak-Jaegermann) to the case where, for example, one of the two spaces has some non trivial type p > 1. To this end we introduce a new concept of " convex separation " , which we investigate, and connect with usual covering numbers (which are the inverse of entropy numbers). The second long standing problem, the solution of which I present in this ii iii thesis, dates back to Shannon …
On Queueing and Multi-Layer Coding

A TDMA mobile terminal is provided capable of receiving a cell broadcast service even in a speech dedicated mode. The TDMA mobile terminal has a display and includes a controller for subtracting time slots necessary for a call from an overall number of time slots corresponding to a TDMA frame to obtain remaining time slots. The controller also receives cell broadcast information using the remaining time slots, and displays the received cell broadcast information on the display irrespective of a current operation mode.
SONG AND MATE CHOICE IN BIRDS: HOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF BEHAVIOR HELPS US UNDERSTAND FUNCTION

A contributions to the study of animal behavior, Nobel laureate Niko Tinbergen is perhaps best remembered for articulating the “four questions” of ethology, outlining four ways in which one could answer the broader question of “why” an animal behaves the way it does (Tinbergen 1951, 1963). Those four questions address (1) causation (i.e. what physiological mechanisms are responsible for the expression of the behavior? ), (2) ontogeny (what factors aff ect the development of the behavior? ), (3) function (how does the behavior enhance fi tness? ), and (4) evolution (what are the historical antecedents of the behavior? ). Although researchers may focus their work on only one or a subset of those questions, Tinbergen maintained that all four must be addressed to answer completely the question of “why” an animal performs a behavior. Tinbergen credited Julian Huxley (1942) with introducing the idea that causal, functional, and historical analyses represent distinct approaches to the study of behavior. Tinbergen’s own contribution, he claimed, was to add ontogeny to Huxley’s list (Tinbergen 1963). Thus, it is ironic that interest in development waned, to some degree, as the science of ethology that Tinbergen helped establish gave rise to the more contemporary disciplines of neuroethology, which focuses primarily on causal mechanisms, and behavioral ecology, which emphasizes functional and evolutionary analyses. Recently, however, new reasons for interest in development have emerged, as researchers have realized that developmental processes, interacting with neural and physiological mechanisms of causation, can have important consequences for the function and evolution of behavior. Nowhere is the interaction of development and causation with the function and evolution of behavior more apparent than in the study of bird song. Here, we explore the value of the interplay among Tinbergen’s four questions for understanding a central question about bird song.
SPITZER/IRAC SEARCH FOR COMPANIONS TO NEARBY, YOUNG M DWARFS

We present the results of a survey of nearby, young M stars for wide low-mass companions with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. We observed 40 young M dwarfs within 20 pc of the Sun, selected through X-ray emission criteria. A total of ten candidate companions were found with IRAC colors consistent with T dwarfs. Extensive ground-based NIR follow-up observations rejected all these candidates. Two additional candidates were discovered via common proper motion measurements, one of which was rejected as a background object and the other is a bona fide companion to GJ 2060, a member of the AB Doradus moving group.
Planning and performance

Performing music at a professional level is probably the most demanding of human accomplishments. Making music requires the integration of multimodal sensory and motor information and precise monitoring of the performance via auditory feedback. In the context of Western classical music, musicians have to reproduce highly controlled movements almost perfectly with a high reliability. These specialized sensorimotor skills require extensive training periods over many years, starting in early infancy and passing through stages of increasing physical and strategic complexities. The superior skills of musicians are mirrored in plastic adaptations of the brain on different timescales. In the fi rst section of this chapter we introduce essential general information for musical readers concerning the organization of cortical, subcortical and cerebellar motor systems in the brain. The electrophysiological correlates of motor planning and motor expectation will be briefly mentioned, as they provide a deeper understanding of the time course of anticipation and retrieval of motor programmes in music performance. In the second section, brain processes during acquisition of skilled movements in music-making will be addressed and the dynamics of neuronal networks will be demonstrated. Because these processes rely on plastic adaptations of brain networks and anatomical brain structures, the interplay of increasing precision of movements and plastic changes in the brain will be explained. In the third section, new fi ndings on practice strategies and performance quality will be reported. Brain imaging measures collected during mental practice or listening tasks suggest that both motor and auditory cortical areas are active during musical thought processes. Motor-based brain representations are found in behavioural studies on performers’ musical interpretations, transfer of learning from one musical task to another, mental practice effects, and anticipatory movements. Implications from these behavioural tasks suggest that an accurate auditory and motor representation underlies successful performance from memory. In the fourth section, the causes of degradation of skilled movements in professional musicians will be addressed. This disorder, termed focal dystonia, is due to maladaptive brain plasticity with fusion of brain representations of adjacent digits in somatosensory brain regions. Such a fusion and blurring of receptive fi elds of the digits results in a loss of control, because skilled motor actions are necessarily bound to intact somatosensory feedback input. Prolonged practice and pain syndromes due to overuse can precipitate dystonia, which is developed by about 1 per cent of professional musicians and usually ends their career. Finally, we will end the chapter with an outlook and add some comments concerning the signifi cance of results of brain research in order to improve practice habits and performance in musicians.
Frequent Itemsets Mining : An Efficient Graphical Approach

Recent advances in computer technology in terms of peed, cost, tremendous amount of computing power and decrease data processing time h as spurred increased interest in data mining applications to extract useful knowledge from data. Over the last couple of years, data mining technology has been successfully employed to variou s business domains and scientific areas. Various data mining techniques are now available and data m ining software has become more matured in recent years. Discovering association rules that identify relationships among sets of items is an important problem in data mining. Finding frequent itemsets i s computationally the most expensive step in association rule discovery and therefore it has att racted significant research attention. The approach used in this paper uses a hashing technique to gene rat a candidate set of large 2-itemsets, directed graphs are formed using the support of 2-itemsets a s a result generating all possible frequent k-items ets in the database. Key word: Association rules • Data mining • Directed graphs • Frequent itemsets • Minimum support
One Workshop, Two Urban Games : Case Report on Education Models at the Intersection of Dance/Performance Art, Media Art and Game Design

Focusing on urban gaming, performance, and participatory design, this case report presents a network-based education model at the intersection of dance/performance, media art, and game design by showcasing a workshop in June 2011, hosted by the game department at Gotland University (GU), today: Uppsala University/Campus Gotland. The described workshop was organized by GU in collaboration with an interdisciplinary Dance and Media Art Network (DAMA). The network, established in 2005, currently includes 11educational institutions within the European Nordic and Baltic regions. The workshop’s interdisciplinary character promoted knowledge exchange among students and teachers by providing new innovative approaches to game design. This paper presents the objectives, working process theories involved, and the methodological and pedagogical strategies of the workshop concluding with the presentation of the workshop’s results: Two participatory games developed by the students that were played in everyday surroundings.
Nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC 1 polymorphisms contribute to cancer susceptibility : a meta-analysis

Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China, Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Geriatric Institute, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024 China, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of Colorectal and anal Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, No. 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210000 China, yBoth these authors contributed equally to this work. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, No. 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210000 China. Tel: þ86 025 83311761; Fax: þ86 025 83311761; Email: xulinjs@yeah.net
Squizofrenia: Classification and correlation from MRI

In order to better understand what structural and functional brain components changes are associated with schizophrenia, various investigations have been conducted. Functional Network Connectivity (FNC) generally interpreted as an indirect measure of brain activity, measures the functional component, and Structural Based Morphometry (SBM), an indirect measure of concentration of Gray Matter (GM), assesses the structural component. This work investigates the possibility of performing an automatic diagnosis of schizophrenia using FNC or SBM, considering each component individually and also the correlation between them. The best classification obtained for the diagnosis of schizophrenia was based on a Naïve Bayes classifier with an accuracy of 83.7%. In general, the accuracy of classifiers varied between 62% to 84% in both FNC and SBM attributes. The components that have experienced higher correlation were those related to the basal ganglia, the posterior components, motor and media components and frontal components. But we also show that the best results are obtained by considering both FNC and SBM at the same time.
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter as a Screening Tool in Clinical Research: Cutoffs for Cardiometabolic Risk

Background. Waist girth and BMI are commonly used as markers of cardiometabolic risk. Accumulating data however suggest that sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) or “abdominal height” may be a better marker of intra-abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to identify cutoffs for SAD using a cardiometabolic risk score. Design. A population-based cross-sectional study. Methods. In 4032 subjects (1936 men and 2096 women) at age 60, different anthropometric variables (SAD, BMI, waist girth, and waist-to-hip ratio) were measured and cardiometabolic risk score calculated. ROC curves were used to assess cutoffs. Results. Among men SAD showed the strongest correlations to the majority of the individual risk factors; whereas in women SAD was equal to that of waist girth. In the whole sample, the area under the ROC curve was highest for SAD. The optimal SAD cutoff for an elevated cardiometabolic risk score in men was ∼22 cm (95%CI; 21.6 to 22.8) and in women ∼20 cm (95%CI; 19.4 to 20.8). These cutoffs were similar if the Framingham risk score was used. Conclusions. These cutoffs may be used in research and screening to identify “metabolically obese” men who would benefit from lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. These results need to be verified in younger age groups.
Hardware and embedded security in the context of internet of things

Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection of a large number of resource-constrained devices such as sensors, actuators, and nodes that generate large volumes of data which are then processed into useful actions in areas such as home and building automation, intelligent transportation and connected vehicles, industrial automation, smart healthcare, smart cities, and others. Important challenges remain to fulfill the IoT vision including data provenance and integrity, trust management, identity management, and privacy. We describe how embedded and hardware security approaches can be the basis to address these security challenges.
Economic Impact of Maternal Death on Households in Rural China: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective To assess the economic impact of maternal death on rural Chinese households during the year after maternal death. Methods A prospective cohort study matched 183 households who had suffered a maternal death to 346 households that experienced childbirth without maternal death in rural areas of three provinces in China. Surveys were conducted at baseline (1–3 months after maternal death or childbirth) and one year after baseline using the quantitative questionnaire. We investigated household income, expenditure, accumulated debts, and self-reported household economic status. Difference-in-Difference (DID), linear regression, and logistic regression analyses were used to compare the economic status between households with and without maternal death. Findings The households with maternal death had a higher risk of self-reported “household economy became worse” during the follow-up period (adjusted OR = 6.04, p<0.001). During the follow-up period, at the household level, DID estimator of income and expenditure showed that households with maternal death had a significant relative reduction of US$ 869 and US$ 650, compared to those households that experienced childbirth with no adverse event (p<0.001). Converted to proportions of change, an average of 32.0% reduction of annual income and 24.9% reduction of annual expenditure were observed in households with a maternal death. The mean increase of accumulated debts in households with a maternal death was 3.2 times as high as that in households without maternal death (p = 0.024). Expenditure pattern of households with maternal death changed, with lower consumption on food (p = 0.037), clothes and commodity (p = 0.003), traffic and communication (p = 0.022) and higher consumption on cigarette or alcohol (p = 0.014). Conclusion Compared with childbirth, maternal death had adverse impact on household economy, including higher risk of self-reported “household economy became worse”, decreased income and expenditure, increased debts and changed expenditure pattern.
Comparative Approach to Conventional and Fast Locking Digital Phase Locked Loops *

A digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is designed using 180 nm CMOS process and a 3.3 V power supply. It operates in the frequency range 200 MHz–1 GHz. The DPLL operation includes two stages: (i) a novel coarse-tuning stage based on a flash algorithm, and (ii) a finetuning stage similar to conventional DPLLs. The flash portion of the DPLL is made up of frequency comparators, an encoder and a decoder which drives a multiple charge pump (CP)/low pass filter (LPF) combination. Design considerations of the flash DPLL circuit components as well as implementation using Tanner design tools are presented. Spectra simulations were also performed and demonstrated a significant improvement in the lock time of the flash DPLL as compared to the
The Perils of Gender Beliefs for Men Leaders as Change Agents for Gender Equality

© 2018 European Academy of Management This article examines the potentially damaging role that gender beliefs can play in hindering women's equal representation in leadership positions. Based on a secondary analysis of a large-scale EU-wide survey (Eurobarometer 76.1), the article shows that essentialist gender beliefs lower support for equality interventions such as quotas or targets, particularly among men as leaders. The results show that discriminatory gender beliefs partially mediate this relationship and produce a more negative effect among men leaders. The paper contributes to understanding the role essentialist gender beliefs often lay the groundwork for gender discriminatory beliefs. Those in turn hinder support for effective gender equality measures. Gender essentialist beliefs can be held by everyone but are more prevalent among men leaders. We conclude that greater gender balance in leadership cannot be achieved without tackling underlying gender beliefs, particularly among men leaders since they are called upon to enact change. We thereby argue that simply asking for men to become change agents for gender equality is not an effective strategy if underlying gender beliefs are left unchallenged.
Improving social functioning in depressed mothers: results from a randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT Clinical social work (CSW) may play an important role in the treatment of persons with depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a resource-oriented CSW intervention on social functioning in a population of mothers diagnosed with depression. In a randomised controlled trial (RCT), 61 mothers were assigned to a clinical social work intervention group (CSW; N = 30) or a treatment-as-usual group (TAU; N = 31). Assessment points were before and after the 10-session intervention. Global psychosocial functioning assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) was the primary outcome variable. Other relevant variables included depressed mood, psychopathological symptoms, satisfaction with life and self-efficacy. Overall, 55 of the 61 participants completed the study; intention-to-treat analyses included data from 59 participants. All outcome measures revealed significant main effects with high effect sizes for the time of measurement. In addition, the results showed significantly stronger improvements in psychosocial functioning, psychopathological symptoms, and self-efficacy in the CSW group compared to the TAU group. Additional clinical social work was associated with larger improvements in global level of functioning and other psychologically relevant variables than treatment-as-usual.
Near-Field Source Localization by Using Focusing Technique

We discuss two fast algorithms to localize multiple sources in near field. The symmetry-based method proposed by Zhi and Chia (2007) is first improved by implementing a search-free procedure for the reduction of computation cost. We present then a focusing-based method which does not require symmetric array configuration. By using focusing technique, the near-field signal model is transformed into a model possessing the same structure as in the far-field situation, which allows the bearing estimation with the well-studied far-field methods. With the estimated bearing, the range estimation of each source is consequently obtained by using 1D MUSIC method without parameter pairing. The performance of the improved symmetry-based method and the proposed focusing-based method is compared by Monte Carlo simulations and with Crammer-Rao bound as well. Unlike other near-field algorithms, these two approaches require neither high-computation cost nor high-order statistics.
Realistic faults mapping scheme for the fault simulation of integrated analogue CMOS circuits

A new fault modelling scheme for integrated analogue CMOS circuits referred to as Local Layout Realistic Fault Mapping is introduced. It is aimed at realistic fault assumptions prior to the final layout by investigating typical "local" layout structures of analogue designs. Specific defects are assumed and their electrical failure modes are evaluated and mapped onto appropriate model faults. It is shown that some assumed hard faults at the schematic level are unrealistic and unlikely and that new types of fault constellations emerge including multiple or complex faults. Beside the different distribution of faults the overall number of faults decreases whereof additional realistic soft faults emerge. For an operational CMOS amplifier the overall number of 47 single hard faults assumed at schematic level dropped to 27 realistic and likely hard faults.