Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Deterministic Compressed GNSS Acquisition Technique

In the cold start of a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver, fast acquisition of the GNSS signal requires either an extensive usage of hardware resources for massive parallel correlators or a high computational complexity for fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse FFT operations. Because GNSS uses direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signaling with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) or with BPSK and binary offset carrier, any GNSS signal can have a sparse representation so that the concept of compressed sensing can be applied to detect GNSS signals. To achieve a fast acquisition of the GNSS signal with a reduced number of correlators and low computational complexity, we propose a two-stage deterministic compressed GNSS acquisition technique using the Walsh-Hadamard matrix. The proposed technique makes fast acquisition possible for a receiver using a much smaller number of correlators than the conventional parallel-correlator-based technique, which requires much less computational complexity than the FFT-based technique. We provide complexity analysis of the proposed technique and compare the statistical performance of the proposed technique with other techniques applicable to the fast GNSS acquisition. The proposed technique is easy to implement and is the first compressed-sensing-based GNSS acquisition technique.
The Precataclysmic Binary HS 1136+6646 May Have a Companion

Because of the similarity of the primary star of HS 1136+6646 to the planetary nebula central star BE Ursae Majoris, we performed wide‐field imaging of the former with an Hα filter. No nebulosity was detected. On the other hand, the point‐spread function of the star appears extended. A partially resolved red component is detected in an image from the five‐band Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Most importantly, a companion is easily resolved in a Hubble Space Telescope acquisition image from the published Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations. A companion to the precataclysmic binary is present at a separation of 1. ″349 at a position angle of 54. °4. Evidence indicates that it is likely of spectral type K. We cannot demonstrate conclusively that this component has common proper motion with the close binary. However, the similar apparent z magnitudes and spectral types of HS 1136+6646B and the resolved component make it likely that we have, in reality, a hierarchical triple system. In any case, the presence of this component needs to be taken into account in future ground‐based studies.
Optimal Routing Strategy on Scale-free Networks with Heterogeneous Delivering Capacity

We proposed the information traffic dynamics on scale-free networks considering the heterogeneous delivering capacity. In the previous researches, the delivering capacity is the same for all nodes in the system, which obviously contradicts the real observations. In this paper, a heuristic algorithm for the optimization of transport is proposed to enhance traffic efficiency in complex networks, where each node's capacity is set as i c
Evaluation of the Role of Palatal Tonsil Hypertrophy in Sleep Apnea Patients: Cephalometric Analysis

The purpose of this research was to elucidate the relationship between tonsillar hypertrophy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in terms of cephalometric analysis, as well as to determine factors that affect OSAS severity. 25 patients were enrolled in this study. Lateral cephalograms of the subjects were taken. Disease severity was evaluated by the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI). Cephalometric measurements (angle between line S-N and line N-A (SNA), angle between line S-N and line N-B (SNB), distance between the Mandibular Plane and the Hyoid (MPH), posterior airway space, the width of the airway behind the base of tongue along the B-Go line (PAS), upper airway space, the distance parallel to long axis of the airway, between a horizontal plane tangent to the superior aspect of the hyoid and a horizontal plane tangent to the posterior palate (UAL), multiplication of PAS and UAL (PAS × UAL)) were analyzed and compared between the groups with and without tonsillar hypertrophy. PAS and PAS × UAL were lower in the no hypertrophy group. SNB was significantly lower in the severe apnea group than mild to moderate group in no hypertrophy group (p = 0.035). In conclusion, patients with tonsillar hypertrophy had severe obstruction, but they had a relatively larger pharyngeal space on cephalometric analysis. After exclusion of the tonsillar hypertrophy group, cephalometric analysis could be more effective for analyzing OSAS severity.
Performance of TCP in the presence of correlated packet losses

We study in this paper the performance of a single persistent TCP connection, which experiences packet loss occurring in clumps. More precisely, the transmission of packets is altered by several packet losses during some time periods, which can span over several round trip time intervals. In spite of multiple packet loss, we assume that TCP remains in the congestion avoidance regime. We perform, by properly rescaling time, an exact analysis of the behavior of TCP when the loss rate becomes arbitrarily small. In particular, we investigate by means of elementaryq-calculus the stationary distribution of the congestion window size embedded at the finishing times of loss periods. This allows us to exactly compute the mean throughput of the TCP connection. Then, by using stochastic ordering arguments, we investigate the impact of correlations on the mean throughput. Surprisingly, for a same loss rate, the mean throughput in the case of correlated losses is greater than that obtained under independent loss conditions. We conclude the paper by discussing how the results could be extended to account for additional features of TCP. In particular, we show that the slow start algorithm and variable round trip times have no impact on the asymptotic results of this paper. Finally, timeouts could easily be introduced in the model.
The Maass–Shimura Differential Operators and Congruences between Arithmetical Siegel Modular Forms

We extend further a new method for constructing p-adic L-functions associated with modular forms (see [55]). For this purpose, we study congruences between nearly holomorphic Siegel modular forms using an explicit action of the Maass–Shimura arithmetical differential operators. We view nearly holomorphic arithmetical Siegel modular forms as certain formal expansions over A = Cp. The important property of these arithmetical differential operators is their commutation with the Hecke operators (under an appropriate normalization). We show in Section 5 that a fine combinatorial structure of the action of these arithmetical differential operators on the A-moduleM = M(A) of nearly holomorphic Siegel modular forms produces new congruences between nearly holomorphic Siegel modular forms inside a formal q-expansion ring of the form A[[q ]][Rij ] where B = Bm = {ξ = ξ ∈Mm(Q) : ξ ≥ 0, ξ half-integral} is the semi-group, important for the theory of Siegel modular forms), and the nearly holomorphic parameters (Rij) = R correspond to the matrix R = (4π Im(z))−1 in the Siegel modular case. These congruences produce various p-adic L-functions attached to modular forms using a general method of canonical projection. We give in Theorem 5.1 a general construction of h-admissible measures attached to sequences of special modular distributions. Our construction generalizes at the same time the following two cases: (1) the standard L-function of a Siegel cusp eigenform, [20, Chapter 4]; (2) the Mellin transform of an elliptic cusp eigenform of weight k ≥ 2, see [58], [55]. 2000 Math. Subj. Class. 11F60, 11F67, 11F85, 11F46.
The acquisition of complement clause constructions: A sentence repetition study.

The presence of complement clause constructions in child speech marks the beginning of the child’s entrance into the more complex aspects of grammar. Since complement clauses are lexically-specified, individual complement taking verbs (CTVs) must be tagged with information about the kinds of complements they can license; their acquisition suggests that children are beginning to elaborate the argument structure privileges of individual CTVs. This suggests that children must attend to the distributional properties of individual CTVs and gradually master complementation over time, an hypothesis that has been confirmed by studies of children’s naturalistic speech (Bloom, Rispoli, Gartner, & Hafitz 1989, Diessel & Tomasello 2001, Limber 1973). This paper reports on an experiment investigating 3 – 5-yearold children’s acquisition of sentential complements. We present results that suggest children’s acquisition of complement clause constructions is intimately tied to CTV frequency.
Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Pond Use and Recruitment in Florida Gopher Frogs ( Rana cupito aesopus )

--This study examines spatio-temporal dynamics of Florida gopher frog (Rana capita aesopus) breeding and juvenile recruitment. Ponds were situated within a hardwood-invaded or a savanna-like longleaf pine-w&grass upland matrix. Movement (N = 1444) was monitored using intermittent drift fences with pitfall and funnel traps at eight isolated, ephemeral ponds February 1994 to January 1999. Adult pond use was low but relatively constant among years and did not differ between habitat matrices. Juvenile recruitment was significantly higher in the savanna-like upland matrix. The number of adults using ponds was positively correlated with the number of next-year’s recruits in only one year. Recruitment rates were relatively low (maximum 175 capturedlpondlyr), but juveniles were produced from most ponds in three of five years. Recruitment was negligible in 1994 because of ponds drying and in 1997 for unknown reasons. Juvenile body size differed significantly among years and ponds. Body size was negatively correlated with the number of juveniles exiting ponds in only one year, suggesting that intraspecific competition is only one of many factors affecting juvenile body size. Most emigration by metamorphic juveniles occurred May through August and was unrelated to rainfall. Dates of first emergence and length of emigration periods varied. A high proportion of juveniles with tailbuds and similar tailbud lengths in most months suggest that metamorphosis occurred throughout the emigration period. High variability in juvenile recruitment success and significant differences in body size among years and ponds suggests that each is influenced by factors at both a landscape (e.g, rainfall and pond hydrology) and within-pond scale (e.g., competition and
Cloud storage service benchmarking: Methodologies and experimentations

Data storage is one of today's fundamental services with companies, universities and research centers having the need of storing large amounts of data every day. Cloud storage services are emerging as strong alternative to local storage, allowing customers to save costs of buying and maintaining expensive hardware. Several solutions are available on the market, the most famous being Amazon S3. However it is rather difficult to access information about each service architecture, performance, and pricing. To shed light on storage services from the customer perspective, we propose a benchmarking methodology, apply it to four popular offers (Amazon S3, Amazon Glacier, Windows Azure Blob and Rackspace Cloud Files), and compare their performance. Each service is analysed as a black box and benchmarked through crafted workloads.We take the perspective of a customer located in Europe, looking for possible service providers and the optimal data center where to deploy its applications. At last, we complement the analysis by comparing the actual and forecast costs faced when using each service. According to collected results, all services show eventual weaknesses related to some workload, with no all-round eligible winner, e.g., some offers providing excellent or poor performance when exchanging large or small files. For all services, it is of paramount importance to accurately select the data center to where deploy the applications, with throughput that varies by factors from 2x to 10x. The methodology (and tools implementing it) here presented is instrumental for potential customers to identify the most suitable offer for their needs.
Fuzzy Penalty Function Approach for Constrained Function Optimization with Evolutionary Algorithms

In this paper, a novel fuzzy penalty function approach is proposed for solving the constrained optimization problems using evolutionary algorithms. The fuzzy penalty is constructed according to the information contained in individuals so that it can be tuned to reflect the appropriate penalty need for better search. Simulations on ten case studies indicate that the proposed method is very effective.
Bio-clusters as co-evolutionary developments of high tech, venture capital and socio-political institutions: a historical perspective of Cambridge and Scotland

Bio-clusters have been at the centre of regional dynamics in the last ten years. The fact that they allow innovation and competitiveness to emerge through intense interactions between various agents in close geographic proximity has stimulated the interest of policy-makers with aspirations to establish biotechnology presence in their regions. However, this paper conceives bio-clusters as historical developments of the social division of labour which co-evolve with biotechnology, venture capital (VC) and socio-political institutions. In doing so, it focuses on the empirical cases of Cambridge and Scotland, critically taking on board a recently developed industry life cycle model. The argument is that co-evolutionary development of bio-clusters is not static but dynamic, involving, nevertheless, certain pre-conditions, discontinuities and contradictions.
Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the ability of the incretin mimetic exenatide (exendin-4) to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with maximally effective metformin doses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A triple-blind, placebo-controlled, 30-week study at 82 U.S. sites was performed with 336 randomized patients. In all, 272 patients completed the study. The intent-to-treat population baseline was 53 +/- 10 years with BMI of 34.2 +/- 5.9 kg/m(2) and HbA(1c) of 8.2 +/- 1.1%. After 4 weeks of placebo, subjects self-administered 5 microg exenatide or placebo subcutaneously twice daily for 4 weeks followed by 5 or 10 microg exenatide, or placebo subcutaneously twice daily for 26 weeks. All subjects continued metformin therapy. RESULTS At week 30, HbA(1c) changes from baseline +/- SE for each group were -0.78 +/- 0.10% (10 microg), -0.40 +/- 0.11% (5 microg), and +0.08 +/- 0.10% (placebo; intent to treat; adjusted P < 0.002). Of evaluable subjects, 46% (10 microg), 32% (5 microg), and 13% (placebo) achieved HbA(1c) < or =7% (P < 0.01 vs. placebo). Exenatide-treated subjects displayed progressive dose-dependent weight loss (-2.8 +/- 0.5 kg [10 microg], -1.6 +/- 0.4 kg [5 microg]; P < 0.001 vs. placebo). The most frequent adverse events were gastrointestinal in nature and generally mild to moderate. Incidence of mild to moderate hypoglycemia was low and similar across treatment arms, with no severe hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide was generally well tolerated and reduced HbA(1c) with no weight gain and no increased incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with metformin.
An enhanced dual-finger robotic Hand for Catheter manipulating in vascular intervention: A preliminary study

Cardiovascular disease is a class of diseases that involve the heart and blood vessels, which is the leading cause of deaths globally. Vascular interventional surgery is an effective treatment. As belongs to minimally invasive surgery (MIS), it is more popular due to the advantages of smaller injury, faster recovery and higher accuracy rate. However, it needs up to 10 years to train a skilled surgeon for minimally invasive cardiovascular surgeries. The surgeon cannot avoid receiving the excessive dose of X-ray due to long time operation in daily work. A dual-finger robotic hand (DRH) was introduced to assist the surgeon in manipulating the catheter/guide wire. As a surgical device, DRH is aiming at simple mechanism, ease to use and convenient sterilization. It was carefully investigated how the surgeon manipulates the catheter/guide wire. The bionic thumb and forefinger were designed to imitate human's. Compared to human's, the two bionic fingers are enhanced due to that they can advance the catheter/guide wire without moving the whole hand. The DRH mechanism was carefully designed. A console was also designed for the surgeon to manipulate DRH. After the DRH control was done, the minimum robotic cardiovascular interventional system was formed. Experimental results have validated the feasibility of DRH and the robotic system. Future work regarding DRH is also discussed.
Quantitative evaluation of impact attenuation by football helmets using a modal impulse hammer

Concussions and changes in neurophysiology due to sub-concussive blows are common in contact sports, motivating a need for improved safety systems. While there have been attempts to determine whether or not new helmet designs influence the incidence of concussion, the results to date have been inconclusive. Consequently, the goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of modern football helmets to mitigate linear impacts directed normal, as well as oblique, to the surface of the helmeted head using a system that quantifies both the input load and the resulting accelerations of a Hybrid III headform. The transfer function connecting the inputs and outputs of the system was developed using dimensional analysis to provide a means of comparing helmets across brands and sports. For translational accelerations, increased helmet mass and a secondary layer of padding helped mitigate the impacts. The attenuation of angular accelerations depended substantially on helmet model and impact location.
Multi-user Mobile Cloud Offloading Game with Computing Access Point

We consider a multi-user mobile cloud computing system with a computing access point (CAP) where each mobile user has multiple dependent tasks to be processed using a round-by-round schedule. The CAP can either process the received tasks from mobile users or offload them to the cloud. In each round, we aim to jointly optimize the offloading decisions of all users and the CAP, together with communication and processing resource allocation, to minimize the overall cost of energy, computation, and the maximum delay among all users. Since the centralized optimization problem is non-convex and mobile users may not follow the obtained solution, we further formulate a mobile cloud offloading game. We show the existence of a Nash equilibrium (NE) of this game and propose an algorithm to attain the NE. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm gives nearly optimal performance in terms of the total system cost under various parameter settings.
Indian Capital Control Liberalization : Estimates from NDF Markets * September 14 , 2008

The Indian government has taken a number of incremental measures to liberalize legal and administrative impediments to international capital movements in recent years. This paper analyzes the extent to which the effectiveness of capital controls in India, measured by the domestic less net foreign interest rate differential (deviations from covered interest rate parity) have changed over time. We utilize the offshore non-deliverable forward (NDF) market to measure the effective foreign interest rate (implied NDF yield). Using the self exciting threshold auto-regressions (SETAR) methodology, we estimate a noarbitrage band width whose boundaries are determined by transactions costs and capital controls. Inside of the bands, small deviations from CIP follow a random walk process. Outside the bands, profitable arbitrage opportunities exist and we estimate an adjustment process back towards the boundaries. We allow for asymmetric boundaries and asymmetric speeds of adjustment (above and below the band thresholds), which may vary depending on how arbitrage activity is constrained by capital controls. We estimate these parameters over the preand post-liberalization periods in order to capture the de facto effect of capital control liberalization. We find that de facto capital control barriers: (1) are asymmetric over inflows and outflows, (2) have relaxed over time due to a relaxation in constraints on outflows, and (3) have little measurable impact on inflows. We also find that arbitrage activity rapidly closes deviations from UIP when the threshold boundaries are exceeded. * We would like to thank the participants at the March, 2008 conference of the NIPFP in New Delhi, India for their valuable input regarding an initial draft of this work, especially Ila Patnaik , Sergio Schmukler, and Ajay Shah.
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF CHAOTIC PROCESSES

We investigate the spectral asymptotic properties of the stationary dynamical system $\xi_t=\varphi(T^t(X_0))$. This process is given by the iterations of a piecewise expanding map $T$ of the interval $[0,1]$, invariant for an ergodic probability $\mu$. The initial state $X_0$ is distributed over $[0,1]$ according to $\mu$ and $\varphi$ is a function taking values in $\R$. We establish a strong law of large numbers and a central limit theorem for the integrated periodogram as well as for Fourier transforms associated with $(\xi_t)$. Several examples of expanding maps $T$ are also provided.
SIMULATION OF URBAN ENERGY FLOW: A GRAPH THEORY INSPIRED APPROACH

Following the increased consciousness regarding global warming and other environmental issues, there is a growing urge in cities for a more rational energy supply and use in buildings. In parallel, the range of possible actions has broaden, from building refurbishment and construction options, through local energy production (solar panels, heat pumps) to the larger scale re-use of waste heat, green electricity production or trading. This evolution has increased the complexity of urban energy management, and more information regarding the energy efficiency of the energy demand and supply is required to evaluate possible improvements. Crude models fail to include all aspects of this complexity, while specialised simulation tools make global assessments and comparisons difficult.There is thus an opportunity for research to provide tools dealing with the increased complexity of urban energy flow to study the numerous options available to decrease the primary energy use of buildings and the related greenhouse gas emissions.Focusing on the scale of a few hundred buildings, we model in this paper the disaggregated energy flow, from the resources through networks and energy conversion system towards the energy use in buildings for distinct services, as an oriented graph. Combining the limited available data with existing simulation tools and energy consumption data, a new graph theory inspired simulation method is formulated. The resulting detailed picture of energy flow can give access to a large amount of information but, most importantly, will provide a unied tool to compare energy effciency scenarios regarding a broad range of technological aspects of energy demand and supply.