Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rate-effect experiments on round-tipped penetrometer insertion into uniform snow

Abstract Snow penetrometers are being developed to detect stratigraphy indicative of slab avalanches. Results are presented here from experiments performed to assess the relationship between the velocity of a round-tipped penetrometer through uniform snow and the resulting force response. The range of velocities used is commensurate with that used to drive a manually driven penetrometer through the snow. A characteristic spike is noted in profiles during the initial stage of deformation, which appears to be more pronounced for the harder snow layers tested. An investigation of snow deformation using video analysis of a split-axis rod deforming snow against a clear plastic window indicates that the spike in the force signal corresponds to the development of a compaction zone below the penetrometer tip. Once shear forces that develop in the compacted snow are overcome, deformation proceeds in a steady state and there is little or no relationship between the force response and velocity over the velocity range of our experiments.
Deuterium variations in storm rainfall: Implications for stream hydrograph separation

Isotopic variation in storm rainfall is an important consideration in hydrograph separation using the mass balance approach but is rarely considered when determining the accuracy of old water estimates. Study of a small watershed on the South Island of New Zealand in which new water is a major component of the storm hydrograph shows that, in addition to the within-storm isotopic variations themselves, rainfall weighting techniques may substantially influence estimates of old/new water as a function of both total runoff and total quick flow production. Two incremental approaches to rainfall weighting are presented. Results show that within-storm incremental weighting is better than the standard weighting technique, which imposes a total storm rainfall value exogenously on the mass balance equation.
The Hybrid Nano-Biointerface between Proteins/Peptides and Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

In typical protein–nanoparticle surface interactions, the biomolecule surface binding and consequent conformational changes are intermingled with each other and are pivotal to the multiple functional properties of the resulting hybrid bioengineered nanomaterial. In this review, we focus on the peculiar properties of the layer formed when biomolecules, especially proteins and peptides, face two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge and the current challenges concerning the biomolecule coronas and, in general, the 2D nano-biointerface established when peptides and proteins interact with the nanosheet surface. Specifically, this review includes both experimental and simulation studies, including some recent machine learning results of a wide range of nanomaterial and peptide/protein systems.
Paleoecological and floristic heterogeneity in the plant-fossil record - an analysis based on the Eocene of Washington

Bl Introduction. 1 Stratigraphy of the Puget Group. 2 Description of the Field Area. 4 Data Collection. 5 Stratigraphic Sections. 5 Plant-Fossil Collections. 6 Adjustments to the Data Set. 6 General Characteristicsof the Upper Ravenian Flora. 8 Analysis of Plant Distribution Presence-Absence Data. 9 Species Richness. 10 Species Diversity. 10 Leaf Margins of AngiospermTaxa. 10 Leaf Size of AngiospermTaxa. 12 Conifers, Pteridophytes, and Sphenopsids. 12 Comparison of Floristic Assemblages. 13 Summary of Data on Presence-Absence of Species. 13 Analysis of Plant Data Taxon Abundance . 15 Ordination of Localities . 15 Methods. 15 Results and Discussion. 15 Cluster Analysis. 16 Methods. 16 Results and Discussion. 16 Environmental Heterogeneity in the Puget Group. 17 Discussion. 17 Species Distribution in the Upper Ravenian Puget Group. 17 Anomalous Localities and their Use in Interpreting Paleoecology. 20 Conclusions. 20 Depositional Environments Implications for their Use in Paleobotany. 21 Biostratigraphy. 21 Paleoclimatology. 21 Paleoecology. 21 Recommendations for Cenozoic Paleobotanical Investigations . :. 22 References Cited. 22 Appendix 1. Matrix of Abundance Data for 20 Plant-Fossil Localities from the Puget Group. 28 Appendix 2. Matrix of Sorenson's Index of Similarity for Comparisons Between 20 Plant-Fossil Localities from the Puget Group. 30 Appendix 3. Matrix of Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficients for 20 Plant-Fossil Localities from the Puget Group. 30 Appendix 4. Abbreviations and Taxonomic Citations for Plant-Fossil Taxa from the 20 Localities Examined in the Puget Group. 31
A High-Gain Five-Bridge-Arms Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for Wide Range Applications

This article proposes a high-gain five-bridge-arms bidirectional dc–dc converter for wide range applications. In the forward power transmission of the proposed converter, the resonant inductor is reused as an energy storage inductor, and the resonant inductor is pre-charged before the resonant operation, which improves the voltage gain. In the reverse power transmission, the resonant tank is short-circuited, and the resonant inductor is charged by the resonant capacitor, which can also improve the voltage gain. In the forward power transmission, the converter has three working modes: forward high-voltage-gain (FHG), forward medium-voltage-gain (FMG), and forward low-voltage-gain (FLG). In the reverse power transmission, the converter has two operating modes: reverse high-voltage-gain (RHG) and reverse low-voltage-gain (RLG). All modes can achieve soft-switching in the full load range. The converter adopts pulse frequency modulation (PFM) control in FLG mode, and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control in the other four working modes. This article introduces the working principle, gain analysis, parameter designs, and topology comparison of the converter. Finally, a test prototype with forward input of 200 V, output of 50–150 V, and reverse input of 50–150 V and output of 200 V is built. The experimental result verifies its feasibility.
Effect of Healthy Strategies on Parents' Awareness regarding Preventing and Controlling Complications of Testicular Torsion in their Children

Background: Children who experience testicular torsion suffer a great deal of morbidity, but it is difficult to estimate the social costs that established the risk factors for testicular loss. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of healthy strategies on parents' awareness regarding preventing and controlling complications of testicular torsion in their children. Design of the study: A quasi-experimental approach was utilized. Sample: A convenience sample of 100 parents and their children with testicular torsion was used . Setting: Pediatric urology departments and outpatient clinics of general hospitals in Port Said City as well as Al-Azhar Hospital University in Damietta City . Tools : Three tools were utilized in this study. Tool I: A Structured Interviewing Questionnaire Part A : Children's characteristics Part B : Parents' characteristics Part C : Parents' knowledge Tool II: Parents' reported practices. Tool III: Parents' attitude Results: There is a significant relationship between parents' age and educational level, knowledge, practice scores, and follow-up data on the phases of implementing healthy strategies . The majority of parents studied had a positive attitude towards preventing and controlling complications of testicular torsion. Conclusion: Post-implementation of the healthy strategies, there were improvements in parents' awareness regarding preventing and controlling complications of testicular torsion . Recommendation: It is recommended that the study should be
Wdrażanie "Programu rolnośrodowiskowego" II edycji na użytkach zielonych w powiecie Grajewo

W pracy oceniono funkcjonowanie pakietów przyrodniczych ,,Programu rolnośrodowiskowego” II edycji na użytkach zielonych w części doliny Biebrzy na terenie powiatu Grajewo. W latach 2008– 2011 działaniami rolnośrodowiskowymi objęto 2 427 ha trwałych użytków zielonych. Na przeważającej części tych użytków (83,4%) wdrażano pakiet 3. ,,Ekstensywna gospodarka na łąkach i pastwiskach”. Mniejszy udział przypadał na pakiety, służące ochronie zagrożonych gatunków ptaków i siedlisk przyrodniczych – poza obszarami Natura 2000 (pakiet 4.), na obszarach Natura 2000 (pakiet 5.). Z pakietów tych najczęściej realizowano wariant 1. ,,Ochrona siedlisk lęgowych ptaków”, rzadziej warianty siedliskowe: ,,Półnaturalne łąki wilgotne”, ,,Szuwary wielkoturzycowe”, ,,Mechowiska” i ,,Zmiennowilgotne łąki trzęślicowe”. Ustalono, że wybierając określony pakiet lub wariant, rolnicy kierowali się głównie względami praktycznymi, takimi jak: złożoność procedur, możliwości dostosowania użytkowania do określonych wymogów, dostęp do ekspertów przyrodniczych oraz wysokość dopłat za działalność rolnośrodowiskową. Stan siedlisk łąkowych, objętych działalnością rolnośrodowiskową w ramach wariantów siedliskowych pakietów 4. i 5. , był dość zróżnicowany i zależny głównie od historii użytkowania łąk w okresie poprzedzającym przystąpienie do Programu oraz warunków wilgotnościowych. Zróżnicowany był zwłaszcza udział niepożądanych w runi gatunków inwazyjnych, do których zaliczono nitrofilne ziołorośla, charakterystyczne dla klasy Artemisietea, trzcinę pospolitą (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. ), siewki oraz podrosty drzew i krzewów. Fitocenozy bagienne, zaliczone do wariantu ,,Mechowiska” oraz szuwary wielkoturzycowe wykazały większą naturalną odporność na wkraczanie roślinności inwazyjnej niż zbiorowiska typowo łąkowe, zaliczone do wariantu ,,Zmiennowilgotne łąki trzęślicowe” i ,,Półnaturalne łąki wilgotne”.
Environmental conditions, particle flux and sympagic microalgal succession in spring before the sea-ice break-up in Adélie Land, East Antarctica

Data pertaining to environmental conditions, sympagic (sea ice) microalgal dynamics and particle flux were collected before the spring ice break-up 2001 in Pierre Lejay Bay, adjacent to the Dumont d'Urville Station, Petrel Island, East Antarctica. An array of two multiple sediment traps and a current meter was deployed for five weeks, from 8 November to 6 December 2001. The sea-ice chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon (POC) averaged 0.6 mg l−1 (30 mg m−2) and 20 mg l−1 (1 g m−2) near the coast. The POC export flux that reached a maximum of 79 mg m−2 d−1 during the study period was high compared to the one for the Weddell Sea. The flux was homogeneous from the surface to 47 m depth and increased sharply 33 days before the effective ice break-up. A north-western progressive vector of currents (i.e., Lagrangian drift) in the sub-ice surface waters was demonstrated. Bottom ice, platelet ice and under-ice water at 5 m were characterized by differences in colonization and short-term succession of microalgae.
Professional Identity and Career Satisfaction among Intensive Care Nurses

Background: Achieving a professional identity at work ultimately increase the motivation and high participation of nurses in the organization and can lead to nurses' career satisfaction . Aim: To assess the professional identity and career satisfaction among Intensive Care nurses. Subjects and Method: Research design : A descriptive correlational research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in all Intensive Care Units at Tanta University Main Hospital including Pediatric, Neonatal, Neurological, Cardiac, and Medical Intensive Care Unit. Subjects: All (n= 320) nurses who were working in the same setting and available at the time of data collection. Tools: Two tools were used to collect the data, Nurses’ Professional Identity Questionnaire and Career Satisfaction Questionnaire . Results: The majority of nurses had a high level of perception regarding professional identity and career satisfaction where (89.7%, 72.2%) respectively. Conclusion: There was a highly statistically significant positive correlation between nurses' perception of professional identity and their career satisfaction. Recommendation: Provide nurses with workshops, in-service programs, and other nursing education activities in various work settings to improve their development that enhances professional identity.
Segmenting the color image in a simple background by ANN method

The neural network method applied for the color image segmentation of the human's head image in the simple background is studied in this paper. The adopted network model is BP network. The image segmented by the region growing method is used as the training set and the BP algorithm is adopted to train the target and background image. Then segmenting testing image can be processed. Experimenting results show that the segmenting effect of this method is as good as the region growing method.
Femtosecond Laser Direct-Writing On-Chip MZI Temperature Sensor Based on Polymer Waveguides

A Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on-chip integrated photonic made of polymer waveguides (PWs) sensor with a pair of interference arms of different sizes was directly written using a two-photon polymerization (TPP) technique. The sensor exhibits good temperature response characteristics due to the effective refractive index of two asymmetric interference arms to temperature changes varies, and the temperature sensitivity can reach −348.5 pm/°C in the temperature range of 20 °C–60 °C without any treatment. Moreover, after packaging with temperature-sensitive material polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the sensitivity of the sensor increased by about six times, exhibiting similar heating and cooling sensitivity within the range of 30 °C–70 °C, approximately −2.01 nm/°C. As a compact on-chip photonic device, the proposed sensor has excellent temperature sensitivity, biocompatibility, and stability. It is expected to be integrated into a variety of small and complex environments to achieve temperature monitoring.
Daily snow depth measurements from 195 stations in the United States

This document describes a database containing daily measurements of snow depth at 195 National Weather Service (NWS) first-order climatological stations in the United States. The data have been assembled and made available by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, North Carolina. The 195 stations encompass 388 unique sampling locations in 48 of the 50 states; no observations from Delaware or Hawaii are included in the database. Station selection criteria emphasized the quality and length of station records while seeking to provide a network with good geographic coverage. Snow depth at the 388 locations was measured once per day on ground open to the sky. The daily snow depth is the total depth of the snow on the ground at measurement time. The time period covered by the database is 1893--1992; however, not all station records encompass the complete period. While a station record ideally should contain daily data for at least the seven winter months (January through April and October through December), not all stations have complete records. Each logical record in the snow depth database contains one station`s daily data values for a period of one month, including data source, measurement, and quality flags.
A Control Method Using Two Electromotive Forces and a Disturbance Observer to Improve the Dynamics of a Virtual Synchronous Machine

The modern power grid is facing a significant challenge due to decreasing grid inertia, which is caused by the high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). Virtual synchronous machines (VSMs) have been considered as effective solutions to support the grid by providing inertial responses similar to that of traditional synchronous machines. However, fast and flexible dynamic responses to reference inputs, which can be achieved by conventional RES interfacing inverters, are degraded when inverters emulate the behavior of a synchronous machine. In this article, a current-referencing electrified synchronous machine (CURESYM) is proposed as a control method to adjust the dynamics to the reference input regardless of the parameter settings for emulating a synchronous generator. That is, the output current of CURESYM can be regulated with an intended dynamic response to follow the current reference. In addition, the accuracy of the current regulation can be enhanced by virtue of a disturbance observer. The fundamental characteristics of CURESYM are described with laboratory-scale experimental results. Finally, the effectiveness of CURESYM is discussed with practical data from on-site tests that applied the proposed method to a battery energy storage system in an actual island microgrid.
The impacts of thawing permafrost on the chemistry of lakes across the subarctic boreal‐tundra transition, Mackenzie Delta region, Canada

In the lake‐rich tundra uplands east of the Mackenzie Delta, almost one in ten lakes has been affected by retrogressive thaw slumping. In this study, we assessed water chemistry for 34 slump‐affected and 39 undisturbed upland lakes across this region and found that environmental factors typically evoked to explain variation in tundra lake water quality including surficial geology and proximity to the treeline or coast were subordinate to the main driver, permafrost degradation. Thaw slump‐affected lakes had elevated ionic concentrations and water clarity in comparison with undisturbed lakes. The strength of the ionic impact was positively associated with the proportion of catchment affected by slumping and inversely related to disturbance age. Slumping did not have a significant effect on total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, although water clarity increased significantly with decreasing age of disturbance. In lakes undisturbed by slumping, fire‐induced active‐layer deepening had a detectable influence on lake water ionic strength. Surficial deposits influenced TOC concentrations with the highest concentrations and colour in undisturbed lakes with lacustrine catchments. In a warming Arctic, thermokarst processes may increase in importance as a driver of ionic chemistry and optical properties of small lakes and ponds, and shifts in aquatic food webs can be anticipated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.
The Impact of Social Media Use on Chinese Tourists' Intention to Visit an Internet Celebrity City: An Application of Theory of Planned Behavior

With the rise of social media and online content platforms in China, many cities have become internet celebrities in recent years. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) model will be used to look at the variables that could affect tourists’ visit intention to these cities. Using the TPB model, it also aimed to determine how social media use affected internet celebrity city(ICC) tourism. This research employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) for the analysis. From the results, we could see that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control all had an impact on tourists’ intention, with subjective norm having the biggest impact. Tourists’ use of social media also influenced tourists’ visit intention, while frequency of social media use did not have a significant moderating effect between subjective norm and visit intention. The findings can be used by organization marketers and city governors to help them make better business decisions.
Construction of agricultural product consumer group portrait and analysis of precision marketing strategies based on K-means cluster analysis

In today’s technologically advanced landscape, where data flows in unparalleled volumes, the power of data mining stands out as a transformative force. Its capabilities extend beyond mere analysis; data mining can be harnessed to create intricate and detailed profiles of various consumer groups. This is particularly pertinent to the agricultural sector, which has long grappled with challenges of reaching its consumers effectively. The quest to refine and elevate marketing strategies for agricultural products amidst this data deluge led us to a methodical approach. We initiated this by sourcing and cleansing customer analysis datasets from Baidu AI, a leading platform in the realm of artificial intelligence and data analytics. Such a foundational step ensured that the data underpinning our analysis was robust and free of inconsistencies. The subsequent analytical journey, comprising rigorous data exploration and the utilization of the K-means clustering method, allowed us to dissect and segment the vast data pool. Through this, we crafted a comprehensive consumer profile that is tailor-made for agricultural product consumption. Such segmentation offers invaluable insights, paving the way for marketers and producers to understand their audience’s nuances. Our research findings highlight the remarkable prowess of the K-means clustering technique. When underpinned by sophisticated intelligent algorithms, it doesn’t just cluster data; it offers a pathway to identify distinct customer segments, shed light on core product offerings that resonate with them, and sculpt effective marketing strategies. By integrating these insights with modern media channels, we can craft marketing narratives that echo the desires and needs of the target demographic. Such a precision-driven approach ensures a symbiotic relationship where products align seamlessly with customer preferences. Beyond meeting immediate needs, this alignment has broader implications. It allows enterprises to tap into the vast opportunities presented by the digital era, positioning them on a trajectory of sustained growth and relevance in an ever-evolving market landscape.
Local Net Charge State of Collagen Triple Helix Is a Determinant of FKBP22 Binding to Collagen III

Mutations in the FKBP14 gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum resident collagen-related proline isomerase FK506 binding protein 22 kDa (FKBP22) result in kyphoscoliotic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (EDS), which is characterized by a broad phenotypic outcome. A plausible explanation for this outcome is that FKBP22 participates in the biosynthesis of subsets of collagen types: FKBP22 selectively binds to collagens III, IV, VI, and X, but not to collagens I, II, V, and XI. However, these binding mechanisms have never been explored, and they may underpin EDS subtype heterogeneity. Here, we used collagen Toolkit peptide libraries to investigate binding specificity. We observed that FKBP22 binding was distributed along the collagen helix. Further, it (1) was higher on collagen III than collagen II peptides and it (2) was correlated with a positive peptide charge. These findings begin to elucidate the mechanism by which FKBP22 interacts with collagen.