Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galaxy formation in semi-analytic models and cosmological hydrodynamic zoom simulations

We present a detailed comparison between numerical cosmological hydrodynamic zoom simulations and semi-analytic models (SAMs) run within merger trees extracted from the simulations. The high-resolution simulations represent 48 individual halos with virial masses in the range 2.4 × 10 11 M⊙ < MHalo < 3.3 × 10 13 M⊙. They include radiative H & He cooling, photo-ionization, star formation and thermal SN feedback. We compare with different SAM versions including only this complement of physical processes, and also ones including supernova driven winds, metal cooling, and feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Our analysis is focused on the cosmic evolution of the baryon content in galaxies and its division into various components (stars, cold gas, and hot gas), as well as how those galaxies acquired their gas and their stellar mass. Both the SAMs and simulations are compared with observational relations between halo mass and stellar mass, and between stellar mass and star formation rate, at low and high redshift. We find some points of agreement and some important disagreements. SAMs that include the same physical processes as the simulations reproduce the total baryon fraction in halos and the fraction of cold gas plus stars in the central galaxy to better than 20%. However, the simulations turn out to have much higher star formation efficiencies (by about a factor of ten) than the SAMs, despite nominally being both normalized to the same empirical Kennicutt relation at z = 0. Therefore the cold gas is consumed much more rapidly in the simulations and stars form much earlier. Also, simulations show a transition between stellar mass growth that is dominated by in situ formation of stars to growth that is predominantly through accretion of stars formed in external galaxies. In SAMs, stellar growth is always dominated by in situ star formation, because they significantly underpredict the fraction of mass growth from accreted stars relative to the simulations. In addition, SAMs overpredict the overall gas accretion rates relative to the simulations, and overestimate the fraction of “hot” relative to “cold” accretion. We discuss the reasons for these discrepancies, and identify several physical processes that are missing in our SAM but which should be included. We also highlight physical processes that are neglected in the simulations studied here, but which appear to be crucial in order to understand the properties of real galaxies.
Insights into the Vibrio Genus: A One Health Perspective from Host Adaptability and Antibiotic Resistance to In Silico Identification of Drug Targets

The genus Vibrio comprises an important group of ubiquitous bacteria of marine systems with a high infectious capacity for humans and fish, which can lead to death or cause economic losses in aquaculture. However, little is known about the evolutionary process that led to the adaptation and colonization of humans and also about the consequences of the uncontrollable use of antibiotics in aquaculture. Here, comparative genomics analysis and functional gene annotation showed that the species more related to humans presented a significantly higher amount of proteins associated with colonization processes, such as transcriptional factors, signal transduction mechanisms, and iron uptake. In comparison, those aquaculture-associated species possess a much higher amount of resistance-associated genes, as with those of the tetracycline class. Finally, through subtractive genomics, we propose seven new drug targets such as: UMP Kinase, required to catalyze the phosphorylation of UMP into UDP, essential for the survival of bacteria of this genus; and, new natural molecules, which have demonstrated high affinity for the active sites of these targets. These data also suggest that the species most adaptable to fish and humans have a distinct natural evolution and probably undergo changes due to anthropogenic action in aquaculture or indiscriminate/irregular use of antibiotics.
Comparison of strong-coupling theories for a two-dimensional Fermi gas

Understanding the formation of Cooper pairs and the resulting thermodynamic properties of a low-dimensional Fermi gas is an important area of research, elucidating our understanding of high temperature superconductors. In lower dimensions quantum fluctuations are expected to play an increasingly important role and the reliability of strong-coupling theories becomes questionable. Here, we present a comparison of recent thermodynamic measurements and theoretical predictions from different many-body $T$-matrix theories for a two-dimensional strongly interacting Fermi gas in the normal state. We find that the fully self-consistent $T$-matrix theory provides the best description of the experimental data over a wide range of temperatures and interatomic interactions. Our comparison reveals the crucial role played by the interactions between Cooper pairs and suggests that the future development of a quantitative strong-coupling theory for two-dimensional Fermi superfluids must explicitly take into account the diagrams that are responsible for pair-pair interactions.
Antisymmetrized, translationally invariant theory of the nucleon optical potential

Earlier work showed how a nucleon optical model wave function could be defined as a projection of a many-nucleon scattering state within a translationally invariant second quantised many-body theory. In this paper an optical potential operator that generates this optical model wave function is defined through a particular off-shell extension of the elastic transition operator. The theory is express explicitly in terms of the many-nucleon Hamiltonian in a mixed representation in which localised target nucleus states feature. No reference to a mean-field concept is involved in the definition. It is shown that the resulting optical model operator satisfies the requirements of rotational invariance and translational invariance and has standard behaviour under the time reversal transformation. The contributions to the optical potential from two different exchange mechanisms are expressed in terms of an effective Hamiltonian involving a nucleon-number conserving one-body interaction. In the weak-binding limit the method reduces to a a version of Feshbach’s projection operator formulation of the optical potential with a truncated nucleon-nucleon potential including exchange terms and recoil corrections. Definitions of the nucleon single-particle Green’s function and the corresponding Dyson selfenergy modified by corrections for translational invariance are presented and different definitions of the optical potential operator are compared.
Quark confinement, new cosmic expansion and general Yang-Mills symmetry

We discuss a unified model of quark confinement and new cosmic expansion with linear potentials based on a general (SU3)color×(U1)baryon symmetry. The phase functions in the usual gauge transformations are generalized to new ‘action integrals’. The general Yang-Mills transformations have group properties and reduce to usual gauge transformations in special cases. Both quarks and ‘gauge bosons’ are permanently confined by linear potentials. In this unified model of particle-cosmology, physics in the largest cosmos and that in the smallest quark system appear to both be dictated by the general Yang-Mills symmetry and characterized by a universal length. The basic force between two baryons is independent of distance. However, the cosmic repulsive force exerted on a baryonic supernova by a uniform sphere of galaxies is proportional to the distance from the center of the sphere. The new general Yang-Mills field may give a field-theoretic explanation of the accelerated cosmic expansion. The prediction could be tested experimentally by measuring the frequency shifts of supernovae at different distances.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN X-RAY LUMINOSITY AND MAJOR FLARE LAUNCHING IN GRS 1915+105

We perform the most detailed analysis to date of the X-ray state of the Galactic black hole candidate GRS 1915+105 just prior to (0–4 hr) and during the brief (1–7 hr) ejection of major (superluminal) radio flares. A very strong model independent correlation is found between the 1.2 keV–12 keV X-ray flux 0–4 hr before flare ejections with the peak optically thin 2.3 GHz emission of the flares. This suggests a direct physical connection between the energy in the ejection and the luminosity of the accretion flow preceding the ejection. In order to quantify this concept, we develop techniques to estimate the intrinsic (unabsorbed) X-ray luminosity, Lintrinsic, from RXTE All Sky Monitor data and to implement known methods to estimate the time-averaged power required to launch the radio emitting plasmoids, Q (sometimes called jet power). We find that the distribution of intrinsic luminosity from 1.2 keV–50 keV, Lintrinsic (1.2–50), is systematically elevated just before ejections compared to arbitrary times when there are no major ejections. The estimated Q is strongly correlated with Lintrinsic (1.2–50) 0–4 hr before the ejection, the increase in Lintrinsic (1.2–50) in the hours preceding the ejection and the time-averaged Lintrinsic (1.2–50) during the flare rise. Furthermore, the total time-averaged power during the ejection (Q + the time average of Lintrinsic (1.2–50) during ejection) is strongly correlated with Lintrinsic (1.2–50) just before launch with near equality if the distance to the source is ≈10.5 kpc.
Volatile Organic Compound Fragmentation in the Afterglow of Pulsed Glow Discharge in Ambient Air

Glow discharge (GD) source gained an increased level of attention in relation to the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) since past work showed that this soft ionization method allowed direct analysis of VOCs with minimal fragmentation, however, the issue of fragmentation was not previously studied in detail. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of discharge conditions on VOC fragmentation in the system consisting of the cell with pulsed glow discharge and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Ionization of VOCs of different classes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, and carboxylic acids) was investigated. A copper cathode with flat geometry was used. VOCs were ionized in the afterglow of short pulse glow discharge in the air. The use of discharge afterglow significantly reduces or eliminates the effects of ionization mechanisms other than Penning process, in particular, electron ionization. This significantly reduced VOC fragmentation and provided rather low limits of detection. Specific cluster formation was observed for alcohols and esters, which may facilitate their identification.
Breakdown of Dirac dynamics in honeycomb lattices due to nonlinear interactions

We study the dynamics of coherent waves in nonlinear honeycomb lattices and show that nonlinearity breaks down the Dirac dynamics. As an example, we demonstrate that even a weak nonlinearity has major qualitative effects on one of the hallmarks of honeycomb lattices: conical diffraction. Under linear conditions, a circular input wave packet associated with the Dirac point evolves into a ring, but even a weak nonlinearity alters the evolution such that the emerging beam possesses triangular symmetry, and populates Bloch modes outside of the Dirac cone. Our results are presented in the context of optics, but we propose a scheme to observe equivalent phenomena in Bose-Einstein condensates.
Géométrie des espaces de Müntz et opérateurs de composition à poids

The main subject of this PHD thesis is the study of sorne geometric aspects of Muntz spaces (M'A and M~) in C([O, 1]) and LP([O, 1]),1 ::; p < 00. This work is composed offour chapters. The first chapter is devoted to preliminary. ln the second chapter, we prove sever al basic properties of Muntz spaces, these properties explain the geometric nature of these spaces. There is also a new generalization of Muntz spaces by considering the Muntz polynomials with coefficient in any Banach space X. The aim of the third one is to construct a Muntz space having no complement in LI ([0,1]). As an application of this work, we obtain sorne results that were recently obtained in the monograph of Vladimir I. Gurariy and Wolfgang Lusky, but with a method completely different. We also provide an explicit Schauder basis equivalent to the canonical base in gl for sorne Muntz spaces MX, with A not lacunary. ln a second part of this chapter, we study the case LP([O, 1]), 1 ::; p < 00, we will see that sorne phenomena still true in the case 1 < p < 00. Finally, in the fourth chapter, we discuss the problem of compactness for weighted composition operators T'ljJoC<p, defined on a Muntz space M'A. We compute the essential norm of such operators in terms of the value of r.p and '! /J. As a corollary, we obtain the exact values of essential norms of composition and multiplication operators. ln the second part of this chapter we study the weighted composition operators T'ljJoC<p, defined on a Muntz space MX in LI. TITRE DE LATHESE EN ANGLAIS: Transcrire en toutes lettres les symboles s'''pPiec'''la:rnu;Vx-------------- Geometry of
GASS: The Parkes Galactic All-Sky Survey. II. Stray-Radiation Correction and Second Data Release

Context. The Parkes Galactic all-sky survey (GASS) is a survey of Galactic atomic hydrogen (H i) emission in the southern sky observed with the Parkes 64-m Radio Telescope. The first data release was published by McClure-Griffiths et al. (2009). Aims. We remove instrumental effects that affect the GASS and present the second data release. Methods. We calculate the stray-radiation by convolving the all-sky response of the Parkes antenna with the brightness temperature distribution from the Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) all sky 21-cm line survey, with major contributions from the 30-m dish of the Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (IAR) in the southern sky. Remaining instrumental baselines are corrected using the LAB data for a first guess of emission-free baseline regions. Radio frequency interference is removed by median filtering. Results. After applying these corrections to the GASS we find an excellent agreement with the Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) survey. The GASS is the highest spatial resolution, most sensitive, and is currently the most accurate H i survey of the Galactic H i emission in the southern sky. We provide a web interface for generation and download of FITS cubes.
Can information and communication technologies contribute to poverty reduction? Evidence from poor counties in China

ABSTRACT Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have received increasing attention in recent years as a promising means to address poverty challenges in rural China. This paper uses a unique three-wave panel data set of household surveys, collected from seven officially recognized poor counties in rural China during 2012–2018, to examine the effect of ICT adoption on poverty. The results show that ICTs contributed positively to poverty reduction in the sampled counties, which may have been primarily achieved through increased migration and off-farm income, instead of through improved agricultural production and farm income. This suggests that ICT development facilitated households escaping poverty by helping them diversify their livelihood strategies away from agriculture in remote mountainous areas. The findings highlight the importance of creating incentives to complement the opportunities brought by ICTs for local development. It is important to strike a balance between poverty reduction and food security objectives.
On-site leakage locating of underground natural gas pipeline based on Ne tracer by miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Natural gas pipeline leakage seriously endangers people's lives and properties, and there is an urgent need for on-site, rapid, and accurate locating the leakage point of the underground natural gas pipeline. Here, we added neon gas to natural gas pipelines as a tracer gas, and used a miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometry (mini-TOFMS) to on-site detect neon gas to quickly locate the leak point of underground natural gas pipelines. The mini-TOFMS used capillary tube sampling to directly analyze the leaked neon gas without sample preparation, and the analysis time of a single sample was only 60 s, which was less than one-seventeenth that of traditional off-line gas chromatography (GC) method. The mini-TOFMS exhibited a linear response range from 69 ppmv to 3.0 × 105 ppmv with the limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 19.0 ppmv. The correlation of GC and mini-TOFMS for Ne quantitative analysis was as high as 0.98. The performance of the newly designed method with the mini-TOFMS was demonstrated by on-site locating the underground natural gas pipeline leakage point in the experimental station. And leakage point of the natural gas pipeline, especially for those pipelines with different gas pressure buried under the same road, can be found more efficiently and accurately.
Benefits and Pitfalls of Debunking Interventions to Counter mRNA Vaccination Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Misinformation about mRNA vaccination is a barrier in the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, authorities often rely on text-based refutations as a countermeasure. In two experiments (N = 2,444), text-based refutations effectively reduced the belief in misinformation and immunized participants against the impact of a misleading social media post. However, a follow-up (N = 817) questions the longevity of these debunking and prebunking effects. Moreover, the studies reveal potential pitfalls by showing a row of unintended effects of the refutations (lacking effect on intentions, backfire-effects among religious groups, and biased judgments when omitting information about vaccine side effects).
Rational-spline approximation with automatic tension adjustment

An algorithm for weighted least-squares approximation with rational splines is presented. A rational spline is a cubic function containing a distinct tension parameter for each interval defined by two consecutive knots. For zero tension, the rational spline is identical to a cubic spline; for very large tension, the rational spline is a linear function. The approximation algorithm incorporates an algorithm which automatically adjusts the tension on each interval to fulfill a user-specified criterion. Finally, an example is presented comparing results of the rational spline with those of the cubic spline.
Towards a Post-Keynesian Welfare Economics: 35 Years Later

ABSTRACT I re-visit the two arguments in my original paper, published in this journal in 1989. Pleasingly (but perhaps suspiciously) I have no reason to challenge them, but the insights that have come from behavioural economics over the intervening 35 years provide important new sources of support for both. The insights with respect to endogenous preferences add weight to the first argument for why collective/social choice is important (i.e., why welfare economics matters). In the second argument over the specific egalitarian flavour of post-Keynesian welfare proposals, I now fine tune this suggestion with the aid of behavioural insights so as to focus on the egalitarian character of the rules (and not the outcomes in society).
Using deuterated H3+ and other molecular species to understand the formation of stars and planets

The H + ion plays a key role in the chemistry of dense interstellar gas clouds where stars and planets are forming. The low temperatures and high extinctions of such clouds make direct observations of H + impossible, but lead to large abundances of H2D + and D2H + that are very useful probes of the early stages of star and planet formation. Maps of H2D + and D2H + pure rotational line emission towards star-forming regions show that the strong deuteration of H + is the result of near-complete molecular depletion of CNObearing molecules onto grain surfaces, which quickly disappears as cores warm up after stars have formed. In the warmer parts of interstellar gas clouds, H + transfers its proton to other neutrals such as CO and N2, leading to a rich ionic chemistry. The abundances of such species are useful tracers of physical conditions such as the radiation field and the electron fraction. Recent observations of HF line emission towards the Orion Bar imply a high electron fraction, and we suggest that observations of OH + and H2O + emission may be used to probe the electron density in the nuclei of external galaxies.
The Diagnostic Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as an Effective Biomarker for Eye Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects a dynamic relationship between the innate (neutrophils) and adaptive (lymphocytes) cellular immune response. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to critically evaluate the literature regarding the use of the NLR as a reliable means to detect several ocular disorders. Our study was registered with the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022314850). Three databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science, were searched on September 9, 2022, with no restrictions on the article's language. Finally, 32 articles were recognized as eligible for our meta-analysis. We found that patients with eye diseases had significantly elevated levels of NLR in comparison to healthy controls (SMD =0.53, 95% CI =0.35-0.71, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, patients with keratoconus (SMD =0.69; 95% CI =0.33-1.05, P < 0.001), glaucoma (SMD =0.56, 95% CI =0.25-0.87, P < 0.001), pterygium (SMD =0.14; 95% CI =0.01-0.26, P < 0.001), and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (SMD =0.14; 95% CI =0.01-0.26, P < 0.001) had higher levels of NLR compared to healthy controls. However, NLR levels of patients with dry eye disease were similar to healthy controls (SMD =0.32, 95% CI = -0.49-1.13, P = 0.435). It can be said that NLR is a valuable marker of systemic inflammation, which is significantly increased in many eye disorders, suggesting that inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
Effect of Phosphogypsum on Soil Physical Properties in Moroccan Salt-Affected Soils

Salinity is one of the most critical challenges for crop production and soil and water management in arid and semi-arid regions, such as a large area of Morocco. These regions are characterized by low rainfall with an erratic distribution, long drought periods, and high evaporation, resulting in salt accumulation in the superficial layer of the soil and soil and water degradation. Therefore, phosphogypsum (PG) could be a promising amendment to reduce the salinity effect and improve soil quality in salt-affected soils. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of PG on the physical properties of Luvisols and Cambisols collected from salt-affected soils in four regions in Morocco: Chichaoua, Ras El Ain, Sidi Zouine, and Sed El Masjoune. The treatments consisted of different rates of PG (15, 30, and 45 t/ha), natural Gypsum (G) (15 t/ha), and control. Our findings revealed that PG application improved soil structure by promoting flocculant action provided by calcium. Linear regression indicated that Water Aggregate Stability (WAS) and PG doses were strongly correlated with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 93.41%, P value < 0.05). Compared to the control, the overall efficiency of 45 t/ha of PG amendment reached 53%, 95%, and 36%, respectively, in Chichaoua, Ras El Ain, and Sed El Masjoune soils. PG application presented a positive effect on other soil physical properties (soil hydraulic properties, total porosity, and bulk density), especially for the soils of Chichaoua and Ras El Ain regions. The total porosity was increased by 8% with 45 t PG/ha in Ras El Ain soil, and in Chichaoua soil, the bulk density was 5% lower in the pot treated with 45 t PG/ha compared to the control. This study supports the use of PG as an amendment for reclaiming salt-affected soils through monitoring agronomic and environmental impacts.