Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leapfrog over the brain

The debate about the credentials of sociobiology has persisted because scholars have failed to distinguish the varieties of sociobiology and because too little attention has been paid to the details of the arguments that are supposed to support the provocative claims about human social behavior. I seek to remedy both deficiencies. After analysis of the relationships among different kinds of sociobiology and contemporary evolutionary theory, I attempt to show how some of the studies of the behavior of nonhuman animals meet the methodological standards appropriate to evolutionary research. I contend that the efforts of E. O. Wilson, Richard Alexander, Charles Lumsden, and others to generate conclusions about human nature are flawed, both because they apply evolutionary ideas in an unrigorous fashion and because they use dubious assumptions to connect their evolutionary analyses with their conclusions. This contention rests on analyses of many of the major sociobiological proposals about human social behavior, including: differences in sex roles, racial hostility, homosexuality, conflict between parents and adolescent offspring, incest avoidance, the avunculate, alliances in combat, female infanticide, and gene-culture coevolution. Vaulting Ambition thus seeks to identify what is good in sociobiology, to expose the errors of premature speculations about human nature, and to prepare the way for serious study of the evolution of human social behavior.
Is One Good Parent Good Enough? Patterns of Mother and Father Parenting and Child Cognitive Outcomes at 24 and 36 Months

Objective. This study examined parenting patterns in a sample of low-income couples and the impact of those patterns on young children's cognitive outcomes. Design. Interactions between 237 mothers, fathers, and their 2-year-old children were examined among coresident mothers and fathers or father figures who participated in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project's Father and Child Interaction During Toddlerhood Study (FACITS). Scores on 6 parenting scales were entered into K-means cluster analyses to determine whether different parenting patterns emerged by gender. Analyses of covariance were used to examine how the behavior of each parent alone and both parents jointly was associated with child cognitive outcomes concurrently and 1 year later. Results. Mothers and fathers exhibited similar parenting patterns, with Highly Supportive (43% of mothers, 34% of fathers), Somewhat Supportive (35%, 43%), Detached (8%, 15%), and Negative (14%, 8%) clusters emerging for both genders. However, differences emerged between the Detached and Negative mother and father clusters, with higher detachment among Detached mothers and higher negativity among Negative fathers. For mothers at both time points and fathers at 36 months, children with Highly Supportive parents had higher Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) scores than children in the 2 non-Supportive clusters, controlling for parent demographics and income. Children with 2 Supportive parents scored higher on the Bayley MDI than all other children, whereas those with no Supportive parents were particularly disadvantaged. Having at least 1 Supportive mother or father benefited children's cognitive development over having none. Conclusions. Children who have at least 1 Supportive parent score higher on cognitive assessments, regardless of parent gender, than those with none; studies on parenting and child development should consider mother and father behavior in concert.
Glioblastoma Multiforme Cancer Stem Cells Express Components of the Renin–Angiotensin System

Aim To investigate the expression of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in cancer stem cells (CSCs), we have previously characterized in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods 3,3-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for the stem cell marker, SOX2, and components of the RAS: angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), (pro)renin receptor (PRR), angiotensin II receptor 1 (ATIIR1), and angiotensin II receptor 2 (ATIIR2) on 4 μm-thick formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of previously characterized GBM samples in six patients was undertaken. Immunofluorescent (IF) IHC staining was performed to demonstrate expression of GFAP, SOX2, PRR, ACE, ATIIR1, and ATIIR2. The protein expression and the transcriptional activities of the genes encoding for ACE, PRR, ATIIR1, and ATIIR2 were studied using Western blotting (WB) and NanoString gene expression analysis, respectively. Results DAB and IF IHC staining demonstrated the expression SOX2 on the GFAP+ GBM CSCs. Cytoplasmic expression of PRR by the GFAP+ CSCs and the endothelium of the microvessels was observed. ACE was expressed on the endothelium of the microvessels only, while nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of ATIIR1 and ATIIR2 was observed on the endothelium of the microvessels and the CSCs. ATIIR1 was expressed on the GFAP+ CSCs cells, and ATIIR2 was expressed by the SOX2+ CSCs. The expression of ACE, PRR, and ATIIR1, but not ATIIR2, was confirmed by WB. NanoString gene analysis demonstrated transcriptional activation of ACE, PRR, and ATIIR1, but not ATIIR2. Conclusion This study demonstrated the expression of PRR, ATIIR1, and ATIIR2 by the SOX2 CSC population, and ACE on the endothelium of the microvessels, within GBM. ACE, PRR, and ATIIR1 were expressed at the protein and mRNA levels, with ATIIR2 detectable only by IHC staining. This novel finding suggests that the CSCs may be a novel therapeutic target for GBM by modulation of the RAS.
Computing the Margin of Victory in IRV Elections

Efficient post-election audits select the number of machines or precincts to audit based in part on the margin of victory (the number of ballots that must be changed in order to change the outcome); a close election needs more auditing than a landslide victory. For a simple "first-pastthe-post" election, the margin is easily computed based on the number of votes the first and second place candidates received. However, for instant runoff voting (IRV) elections, it is not immediately obvious how to compute the margin of victory. This paper presents algorithmic techniques for computing the margin of victory for IRV elections. We evaluate our method by attempting to compute the margin of victory for 25 IRV elections in the United States. The margin of victory computed can then be used to conduct post-election audits more effectively for IRV elections.
Scalable Flow-Based Community Detection for Large-Scale Network Analysis

Community-detection is a powerful approach to uncover important structures in large networks. Since networks often describe flow of some entity, flow-based community-detection methods are particularly interesting. One such algorithm is called Info map, which optimizes the objective function known as the map equation. While Info map is known to be an effective algorithm, its serial implementation cannot take advantage of multicore processing in modern computers. In this paper, we propose a novel parallel generalization of Info map called Relax Map. This algorithm relaxes concurrency assumptions to avoid lock overhead, achieving 70% parallel efficiency in shared-memory multicore experiments while exhibiting similar convergence properties and finding similar community structures as the serial algorithm. We evaluate our approach on a variety of real graph datasets as well as synthetic graphs produced by a popular graph generator used for benchmarking community detection algorithms. We describe the algorithm, the experiments, and some emerging research directions in high-performance community detection on massive graphs.
Perceived social support from supervisor and group members' psychological and situational characteristics as predictors of subordinate performance in Thai work units

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between three dimensions of perceived social support from supervisor (PSSS) (emotional, informational, and material) and subordinate performance (self-report and supervisory rating). The second purpose was to study the effects of psychological and situational factors on subordinate performance. Usable data of 355 matched supervisor-subordinate pairs working in health centers in Thailand were analyzed. Results revealed that female subordinates receiving all three types of support received higher performance ratings from their supervisors than did their male counterparts. Perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, and location of workplace were also associated with subordinate performance. Discussion, recommendations for future research, implications for HRD in Thailand, and limitations are presented.
Perceived workplace racial discrimination and its correlates: A meta‐analysis

We combine the interactional model of cultural diversity (IMCD) and relative deprivation theory to examine employee outcomes of perceived workplace racial discrimination. Using 79 effect sizes from published and unpublished studies, we meta-analyze the relationships between perceived racial discrimination and several important employee outcomes that have potential implications for organizational performance. In response to calls to examine the context surrounding discrimination, we test whether the severity of these outcomes depends on changes to employment law that reflect increasing societal concern for equality and on the characteristics of those sampled. Perceived racial discrimination was negatively related to job attitudes, physical health, psychological health, organizational citizenship behavior, and perceived diversity climate and positively related to coping behavior. The effect of perceived racial discrimination on job attitudes was stronger in studies published after the Civil Rights Act of 1991 was passed than before. Results provide some evidence that effect sizes were stronger the more women and minorities were in the samples, indicating that these groups are more likely to perceive discrimination and/or respond more strongly to perceived discrimination. Our findings extend the IMCD and relative deprivation theory to consider how contextual factors including changes to employment law influence employee outcomes of perceived workplace discrimination.
A Highly Adaptive Operational Amplifier with Recycling Folded Cascode Topology

This paper presents a highly adaptive operational amplifier with high gain, high bandwidth, high speed and low power consumption. By adopting the recycling folded cascode topology along with an adaptive-biasing circuit, this design achieves high performance in terms of gainbandwidth product (GBW) and slew rate (SR). This single stage op-amp has been designed in 0. 18μm technology with a power supply of 1.8V and a 5pF load. The simulation results show that the amplifier achieved a GBW of 335.5MHz, Unity Gain Bandwidth of 247.1MHz and a slew rate of 92.8V/μs.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews the Psychopathological Spectrum of Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome

Keywords: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome Tics Behaviour Coprophenomena Echophenomena Paliphenomena Obsessive–compulsive symptoms Obsessive–compulsive disorder Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder Affective disorders Impulse control disorders a b s t r a c t Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) holds a unique status as quintessentially neuropsychiatric condition at the interface between neurology (movement disorder) and psychiatry (behavioural condition). This is a reflection of the common observation that the vast majority of patients present with behavioural problems in association with the motor and vocal tics which define GTS. The present article focuses on the relationship between GTS and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit and hyperac-tivity disorder (ADHD), affective disorders (both major depression and bipolar affective disorder), and personality disorders. Over the last decade, converging lines of research have pointed towards the concept of a 'GTS spectrum', encompassing motor phenomena and behavioural symptoms, with important implications for the clinical management of patients.
Actitud docentes de la Universidad de Costa Rica hacia los (as) estudiantes con discapacidad de la Universidad

La incorporacion de estudiantes con discapacidad a la Universidad de Costa Rica es una de las tematicas que ha adquirido relevancia en el sistema de educacion superior, lo anterior por cuanto esto ha requerido que muchos docentes se replanteen la entrega de la docencia que se ha hecho durante la experiencia formativa en la Universidad, esto conlleva que a raiz de la legislacion tanto nacional como institucional, se han implementado instrumentos que responden al acceso en igualdad y equiparacion de oportunidades para estudiantes universitarios. Ante esta situacion emerge la inquietud acerca de la actitud que tienen los docentes universitarios con respecto a la participacion de estudiantes en sus cursos, por esta razon se ha considerado pertinente realizar un estudio al respecto, mediante la construccion de un instrumento. En este escrito se resumen parte de los resultados obtenidos en la aplicacion del instrumento a una muestra de docentes universitarios.
Letter Special Section on Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications Inapproximability of the Edge-contraction Problem *

SUMMARY For a property π on graphs, the edge-contraction problem with respect to π is defined as a problem of finding a set of edges of minimum cardinality whose contraction results in a graph satisfying the property π. This paper gives a lower bound for the approximation ratio for the problem for any property π that is hereditary on contractions and determined by biconnected components.
Parkin Suppresses the Expression of Monoamine Oxidases*

Mutations of parkin are linked to early onset Parkinson disease. Here we show that stable transfection of parkin in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y markedly reduced the activities of both monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B. The amount of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, which is produced during dopamine oxidation by MAO, was greatly reduced by parkin overexpression. Radioligand binding assays showed that MAO binding sites were decreased accordingly. Consistent with these, MAO-B protein level was much lower, whereas the amount of MAO-A protein was not determined due to the lack of a suitable antibody. Co-transfection of either MAO with parkin in HEK293 cells did not significantly alter ubiquitination and degradation of each MAO. When we measured MAO expression by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, marked reductions were seen in SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing parkin compared with the parental cells or a control line stably transfected with luciferase. In addition, parkin mutants defective in E3 ligase activity exhibited different effects on MAO expression. We found that parkin also significantly decreased mRNA levels of both MAOs in the mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3. Furthermore, MAO expression was significantly increased in human B lymphocyte cell lines derived from Parkinson disease patients with homozygous but not heterozygous deletion of exon 4 of parkin. Together these results suggest that parkin suppresses MAO expression. This function may limit the production of reactive oxygen species generated by MAO in dopamine oxidation and would, thus, be beneficial to the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
Actions Downstream of Cyclic GMP/Protein Kinase G Can Reverse Protein Kinase C-mediated Phosphorylation of CPI-17 and Ca2+Sensitization in Smooth Muscle*

Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle contraction is modulated by several systems converging on myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). Rho-Rho kinase is considered to inhibit MLCP via phosphorylation, whereas protein kinase C (PKC) induced sensitization has been shown to be dependent on phosphorylation of the inhibitory protein CPI-17. We have explored the interaction of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) with Ca2+ sensitization pathways using permeabilized mouse smooth muscle. Three conditions giving ∼50% of maximal active force were compared in small intestinal preparations: 1) Ca2+-activated unsensitized muscle (pCa 5.9 with Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632); 2) Rho-Rho kinase-sensitized muscle (pCa 6.1 with guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate); and 3) PKC-sensitized muscle (pCa 6.0 with Y27632 and PKC activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate). 8-Br-cGMP relaxed the sensitized muscles but had marginal effects on unsensitized preparations, showing that PKG reverses both PKC and Rho-mediated Ca2+ sensitization. CPI-17 was present in permeabilized intestinal tissue. In PKC-sensitized preparations, CPI-17 phosphorylation decreased in response to 8-Br-cGMP. The rate of PKC-mediated phosphorylation in the presence of the MLCP inhibitor microcystin-LR was not influenced by 8-Br-cGMP. PKC-induced Ca2+ sensitization also was reversed in vascular smooth muscle tissues (portal vein and femoral artery). We conclude that actions downstream of cGMP/PKG can reverse PKC-mediated phosphorylation of CPI-17 and Ca2+ sensitization in smooth muscle.
Quantum Fourier transforms for extracting hidden linear structures in finite fields

We propose a definition for quantum Fourier transforms in settings where the algebraic structure is that of a finite field, and show that they can be performed efficiently by a quantum computer. Using these finite field quantum Fourier transforms, we obtain the strongest separation between quantum and classical query complexity known to date—specifically, we define a problem that requires Ω(2) queries in the classical (bounded error) case, but can be solved exactly with a single query in the quantum case using a polynomial number (in n) of auxiliary operations. Finally, we consider quantum Fourier transforms over arbitrary finite rings, and give efficient quantum circuits for implementing quantum Fourier transforms for the particular case of rings of matrices over finite fields.
Interaction of native and modified low-density lipoproteins with extracellular matrix

Lipoprotein-matrix interactions play an important role in arterial disease. Extracellular matrix proteoglycans bind and retain specific positively charged domains on apolipoproteins B- and E-containing lipoproteins during atherogenesis. Retained lipoproteins can undergo several modifications, which may alter their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules. Growth factors, cytokines and oxidized low density lipoproteins influence proteoglycan structure, rendering them more likely to bind and retain lipoproteins during atherogenesis. Lipoproteins, native and modified, also can modulate the expression of several of the matrix degrading enzymes present in vascular tissue, thereby influencing plaque stability. Thus, the interaction of atherogenic lipoproteins with arterial wall matrix molecules can influence the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis and its complications.
Psychosomatik und Neurobiologie – ein Update

Wie somatisch ist ein anhaltender soma− toformer Schmerz? Welche Hirnfunk− tionsstörungen konnten bisher beim Phänomen der Konversionslähmung auf− gedeckt werden? Welche hirnfunktionel− len Auffälligkeiten zeigen sich in Verbin− dung mit dem Reizdarmsyndrom? In der tiefenpsychologischen Psychotherapie chronischer Schmerzen, der somatofor− men Störungen und der Konversion steht die Aufarbeitung nicht ausreichend be− wusster Affekte im Zentrum der klini− schen Aufmerksamkeit. Der vorliegende Artikel macht sich zur Aufgabe, neuere Ergebnisse der modernen (Hirn−)For− schung im Hinblick auf o. g. psychoso− matische Krankheitsbilder und deren klinische Bedeutung vorzustellen. Unter dem zunehmenden Wissen über die körperlichen Grundlagen und dynami− schen Veränderungen im Krankheitsver− lauf zeichnet sich ein erweitertes Ver− ständnis psychosomatischer Erkrankun− gen ab. Ein umfassenderes Krankheits− verständnis kann das Arbeitsbündnis in− tensivieren und einen verbesserten Zu− gang zu Chancen und Grenzen psycho− therapeutischer Einflussnahme eröffnen.
What is E-government

This course is designed to provide an overview of how information technology, particularly the Internet and World Wide Web, are used in government and politics in the U.S. Its intent is to provide a foundation for comparing these uses of technology with theories of government and governance, and to assess how well governmental and political functions are performed with technology. Implicit in the course is an argument that technology is not used very well in government and politics, and the promise of improved government efficiency and responsiveness have not materialized. The challenge for us this semester is to understand the ways in which technology has been used, to discern how and in what ways it could be used better, and to improve upon these existing uses.
Au début, il y a le salariat...

La faible croissance de la plupart des PME intrigue les observateurs. On peut l’expliquer par les contraintes exterieures que subissent ces entreprises (reglementation, code du travail.) comme font regulierement les organisations patronales, par les limites internes de ces organisations comme font plus volontiers les theoriciens du management. Cet article propose de rechercher les causes de cette anemie dans la genealogie meme de ces entreprises. Creees par des acteurs qui ont d’abord ete salaries, elles conservent longtemps les traces de cette naissance. Cette approche permet de distinguer trois types d’entrepreneurs : ceux que le marche du travail rejette et qui se lancent dans l’aventure pour survivre, ceux qui creent leur propre activite pour echapper aux contraintes de la grande organisation et ceux, enfin, qui saisissent une opportunite. Seuls ces derniers ont l’ambition de creer des entreprises puissantes et font des efforts pour les faire grandir. Leur potentiel de croissance depend cependant de l’etendue de leurs reseaux et des marges de liberte qu’ils peuvent prendre a l’egard de leur ex-employeur.
Action-grounded surface geometry and volumetric shape feature representations for object affordance prediction

Many 3D feature descriptors have been developed over the years to solve problems that require the representation of object shape, e. g. object recognition or pose estimation, but comparatively few have been developed specifically to tackle the problem of object affordance learning, a domain where the interaction between action parameters and sensory features play a crucial role. In previous work, we introduced a feature descriptor that divided an object point cloud into coarse-grained cells, derived simple features from each of the cells, and grounded those features with respect to a reference frame defined by a pushing action. We also compared this action-grounded descriptor to an equivalent non-action-grounded descriptor coupled with action features in a push affordance classification task and established that the action-grounded encoding can provide improved performance. In this paper, we investigate modifying more well-established 3D shape descriptors based on surface geometry, in particular the Viewpoint Feature Histogram (VFH), such that they are action-grounded in a similar manner, compare them to volumetric octree-based representations, and conclude that having multi-scaled representations in which parts at each scale can be referenced with respect to each other may be a crucial component in action-grounded affordance learning.