Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High abundance but low diversity of floral visitors on invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae)

Currently, plant invasions affect native ecosystems across the Earth. Although much attention has already been paid to their effect on local communities, we still lack basic information on the associations between alien and local species. Here, we present the results of our survey of pollinators of the invasive plant Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in central Europe. At 20 sites within the westernmost part of the Czech Republic, which is strongly affected by the invasion of H. mantegazzianum , pollinators on the flowers of H. mantegazzianum were examined and compared to the species composition of pollinators on native vegetation in the surrounding area. While the flowers of H. mantegazzianum were frequently visited by high abundance of insects, the communities of H. mantegazzianum pollinators were relatively species poor, and the proportion of abundances of H. mantegazzianum pollinators was very uneven, with few species of generalist Diptera and the honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) dominating over all other flower visitors. Significantly larger species of the family Syrphidae visited flowers of giant hogweed than of other plants. Thus, giant hogweed is not a necessary part of flower communities for flower visiting insects, and it should be eradicated because of its negative effects on other plants, landscape and humans. Our results highlight the need for more detailed studies on direct interactions between alien plant species and native pollinator communities as well as indirect interactions between alien plants and native plants through competition for pollinators.
Policy Fusion Transfer: The Knowledge Transfer for Different Robot Peg-in-Hole Insertion Assemblies

Given the problem of exploration and utilization, the high interaction cost of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is sometimes unacceptable. Moreover, the model trained by DRL cannot adapt to the complex and changeable assembly environment quickly owing to the weak generalization ability. Thus, the knowledge transfer framework is established for different robot peg-in-hole assemblies in this article to reinforce the generalization ability of the assembly model and the utilization efficiency of data. In the framework, the source domain model is trained through the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm. The model accurately predicts environmental information and dynamically adjusts the robot’s movements based on the prediction. Combined with the PI controller, the flexible peg-in-hole assembly can be quickly achieved by the robot. The policy fusion between the source and target domain MDP is realized by the policy fusion transfer (PFT) algorithm designed in this article. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified and discussed based on the transfer experiments, involving different assembly objects and different assembly environments. The training results demonstrate that the environment is explored by the PFT algorithm in a safe range at the initial stage of training by reusing the assembly policy of the source domain and that the faster model convergence speed is achieved. Furthermore, the testing results suggest that the assembly success rate is improved by 26% and the assembly force is reduced by 30 N. Moreover, the knowledge transfer between different peg-in-hole assemblies is realized successfully.
Nonstandard periphrastic DO and verbal -s in the south west of England

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the distribution of periphrastic DO and verbal -s in the south west of England using the FRED-s corpus. The data supports the earlier reported suggestion that the two features are in complementary distribution with regard to region: in counties where one feature is favoured, the other feature is disfavoured and speakers who use one feature tend not to use the other feature. However, there is some overlap as some speakers in the FRED-s corpus use both features, giving support to an idea, earlier proposed, of a transitory area in which a possible change takes place where speakers drop the use of DO and adopt verbal -s. Furthermore, the data shows an interesting tendency where periphrastic DO favours the habitual verbal aspect, whereas verbal -s favours the punctual verbal aspect. These findings could indicate that the two features have a different grammatical function. However, the overall frequency with which these two features occur is very low and seems to suggest that they are disappearing. Moreover, their use seems to be limited to short originally Germanic words, suggesting that the two features only occur in contexts where they were originally used, but are not productive.
Seeing the unseen—enhancing and evaluating undergraduate polarization experiments with interactive Mixed-Reality technology

Learning from hands-on experiments requires learners to interpret their concrete interactions with the setup in terms of abstract physical concepts. To facilitate conceptual learning and close the gap between abstract physical models and the haptic interaction with the pertinent experimental setup, we developed an interactive Mixed-Reality learning environment centred around an undergraduate lab experiment dealing with light polarization. The use of Smartglasses (Microsoft HoloLens II) enables real-time visualization of data measured in the setup and ensures a high degree of spatial and temporal contiguity between functional components and model-based representations. A pilot study with N = 73 undergraduate students was conducted in a pre/post design to evaluate the learning environment with respect to learning outcome and learners’ affection towards the experiment. The results show that students’ knowledge had significantly increased after working with the learning environment with a large effect size (t(72) = 8.50, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.03), and the activities are perceived as interesting and enjoyable. This proves the effectiveness of the environment with regard to learning about polarization and opens the pathway for an extension of our approach to other topics in science education.
Temperature prediction based on XGBoost-PredRNN++

The life of most industrial instruments is closely related to the local climate, and there is a significant correlation between the development of industry and the local climate. In order to explore the future global temperature distribution pattern and temperature level under the global warming trend, the global temperature data published in Worldclim is used. The XGBoost-RedRNN++ model is proposed in this paper to forecast the future temperature, and the regional global temperature prediction is carried out with 5 'as the precision unit. After predicting global average temperature of 20.78 centigrade in 2050 and 22.54 centigrade in 2100. The similarity of the global average temperature distribution in 2050 and the average temperature distribution in 2021 is 95.54%, and the similarity of the global average temperature distribution in 2100 compared with 2021 is 81.21%. With time going on, the temperature is generally rising everywhere. The global lowest temperature in 2050 and 2100 will be in Antarctica, with an average annual temperature of -14.6 centigrade and -12.4 centigrade. The highest global temperature in 2050 and 2100 will occur in Central Africa, with an average annual temperature of 85.2 centigrade and 87.5 centigrade. Additionally, it was observed that the temperature gradually decreased from the equator to the poles, and the land temperature in the southern hemisphere was significantly higher than that in the northern hemisphere. This study can not only lay the foundation for the future industrial development, but also provide theoretical support for the reform direction of the national industrial constitution.
On discriminating between Libby-Novick generalized beta and Kumaraswamy distributions: theory and methods

In fitting a continuous bounded data, the generalized beta (and several variants of this distribution) and the two-parameter Kumaraswamy (KW) distributions are the two most prominent univariate continuous distributions that come to our mind. There are some common features between these two rival probability models and to select one of them in a practical situation can be of great interest. Consequently, in this paper, we discuss various methods of selection between the generalized beta proposed by Libby and Novick (1982) (LNGB) and the KW distributions, such as the criteria based on probability of correct selection which is an improvement over the likelihood ratio statistic approach, and also based on pseudo-distance measures. We obtain an approximation for the probability of correct selection under the hypotheses HLNGB and HKW , and select the model that maximizes it. However, our proposal is more appealing in the sense that we provide the comparison study for the LNGB distribution that subsumes both types of classical beta and exponentiated generators (see, for details, Cordeiro et al. 2014; Libby and Novick 1982) which can be a natural competitor of a two-parameter KW distribution in an appropriate scenario.
Study on Revealing Peanut-Related Disease Prevention Gene Clusters via Whole Transcriptome Sequencing

Root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a serious root disease that affects the growth and yield of peanut crops worldwide. Identifying resistance genes is of great significance for both conventional and molecular breeding. At present, there are a few identified disease resistance genes, and the defense response mechanism against this pathogen remains unclear. Using transcriptome analysis techniques, 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in plants treated with Bacillus thuringiensis TG5 and carbendazim. Among these DEGs, the TIFY10A protein gene, pyruvate decarboxylase, and UDP glycosyltransferase 74B1 genes play an important role in early resistance to root rot in peanut plants, leading to regulatory factors that trigger immunity. Our study provides important information on the response mechanism of peanut plants to F. oxysporum-induced root rot and the protective benefits of colonization by the microbial pesticide, B. thuringiensis.
Social Control: A Survey of the Foundations of Order

Social Control falls within social psychology, which is the branch of knowledge that deals with the psychic interplay between man and his environment. In Ross' terms, one of these branches, social ascendency, deals with the domination of society over the individual. Another, individual ascendency, embraces such topics as invention, leadership, the role of great men, and deals with the domination of the individual over society.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on LSTM-CNN Combination Network in Cognitive Radio System

Cognitive radio (CR), as an emerging technology to improve the utilization of radio spectrum, the fundamental of CR technology is spectrum sensing, due to the detection performance being affected by various factors, spectrum sensing is challenging to achieve accurately. In recent years, many spectrum sensing algorithms have been proposed, such as energy detection algorithm, matched filter detection algorithm, cyclic stationary detection algorithm, etc. However, these algorithms are model-driven and require certain prior information. If the model assumptions are inaccurate or the prior information is challenging to obtain, the algorithms’ detection performance will be degraded. The development of artificial intelligence technology and deep learning provides a new way to realize spectrum sensing. In this paper, we design a cooperative spectrum sensing model based on the parallel connection of convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short-term memory (LSTM), which makes full use of the complementary feature extraction capabilities of CNN and LSTM networks. Among them, CNN is used to extract hidden spatial features, and LSTM network is used to extract time features. Both CNN and LSTM can process the original dataset directly avoiding information feature loss when the network is connected serially. Experimental result shows that the detection performance of the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional cooperative detection algorithm under low SNR condition. For example, when the number of cooperative users is 9 and the transmit power is 10, the detection probability of the proposed algorithm in this paper can reach more than 90%, which is much higher than the detection performance of other spectrum detection algorithms.
Landscape occupancy by free ranging cattle in northeast Oregon

approved: Larry L. Larson Douglas E. Johnson Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies were employed to evaluate cattle occupancy of three landscape attributes on three different grazing allotments administered by the Wallowa Whitman National Forest in Northeast Oregon. Topographic characteristics of slope; 0-4%, 4-12%, 12-35% and >35% were evaluated as well as north and south aspects. Vegetation alliance categories of ponderosa/Douglas fir (pine/fir), mixed conifer and upland grass were also assessed. Occupancy of area around perennial streams was analyzed using buffer zones of 0-10m (aquatic habitat), 10-20m, 20-30m, 30-40m, 40-50m and 50-60 meters from both sides of the watercourse. As well an appraisal of total cattle landscape occupancy for each allotment (study site) was performed by individual sample animals and by sample sets as an evaluation of the home range concept as applied to managed domestic cattle. Cattle preferred slopes less than 12% did not avoid slopes between 12 and 35% but did avoid slopes greater than 35%. Cattle were indifferent to north and south aspects. Vegetative alliance structures were variable as to preference by cattle. In study area 1 mixed conifer was avoided while the pine/fir and upland grass were both equally preferred. Cattle in study area 2 preferred only the mixed conifer while avoiding both the pine/fir and upland grass classifications. Study site 3 cattle also preferred mixed conifer and displayed moderate avoidance toward upland grass and pine/fir. When occupancy of cattle was evaluated for the buffer zones designated on either side of perennial streams, cattle in site 1 and 3 were indifferent to all zones demonstrating equal dispersion throughout the area evaluated. As well the individual zones in these study areas were occupied less than 1%. In site 2 cattle preferred the first three zones out to 30m over the area between 30 and 60m. In all study sites cattle occupied the allotment area beyond 60m between 96 and 98 percent of the time while the aquatic habitat zone (0-10m) was occupied less than 1% in all study areas. Landscape occupancy was shown to be variable between allotments. Individual animal average for site 1 was 40 to 50% less per year than the average in study area 2. Variation between animals was also less in area 1 as compared to area 2. Site 3 was evaluated for one year’s data and with a time period over twice that of site 1 and 2 so comparisons between this site and the others are merely illustrative. The average of individual samples was larger than both area 1 and 2 but with less variation than all trials except site 1 during the 2008 trial. ©Copyright Kerry D. Wilson September 24, 2010 All Rights Reserved Landscape Occupancy by Free Ranging Cattle in Northeast Oregon
The spatial interactions between public transport demand and land use characteristics in the Sydney greater metropolitan area

This paper presents a public transport demand model incorporating land use density, diversity, design, and accessibility to examine the relationship between public transport demand and land use characteristics in the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area. A geographically weighted regression approach is employed to identify the spatial variation of the land use variables and their impacts on public transport demand at a travel zone level. The global model of geographically weighted regression suggests that increasing land use density and walkability as well as providing a better accessibility to the Sydney central business district have positive impacts on public transport demand. The local model of geographically weighted regression shows that the impacts of the land use characteristics on public transport demand distinctively vary spatially, and the estimated parameters may have different signs in some areas as compared to the global model. This paper highlights the way in which the relationship between travel demand and land use is heterogeneous over geographical space which cannot be captured by conventional multivariate regression models.
Recognizing former flood-tide deltas in the Holocene stratigraphic record from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA

Foraminiferal and sedimentologic data were collected by vibracoring a small, relict, short-lived, migrating inlet (New Inlet) and its flood-tide delta on the Outer Banks, North Carolina. These data, placed in the context of geospatial data derived from ground penetrating radar, were developed into a stratigraphic model for this sedimentary environment. The model was applied to vibracores collected from two additional barrier island segments within which historic inlets had not been recorded to investigate whether inlets had existed in these segments in the past. Five foraminiferal biofacies were recognized within the three barrier island segments. Biofacies 1 through 5 are all associated with interior and back-barrier depositional environments but Biofacies 4 and 5 contained foraminifera indicating a sediment source on the shoreface or shallow inner shelf. Biofacies 4 and 5 thus represent overwash or flood-tide delta depositional settings. Utilizing the model as an interpretive tool, we recognized a previously undocumented inlet and flood-tide delta that existed prior to 962-662 cal. yrs BP, a few kilometers north of Rodanthe, NC. However, at a barrier island segment between Avon and Buxton, NC, the lack of information on stratal geometry and foraminiferal assemblages meant that it could not be determined whether this sedimentary succession was influencedmore by overwash or inlet dynamics. Given the similarity of foraminiferal assemblages in overwash and flood-tide delta sediments, it is clear that additional lines of evidence (lithologic and geospatial) are required to recognize small-scale flood-tide delta deposits in the subsurface.
A Review on Predictive Control Technology for Switched Reluctance Motor System

The significance of employing control strategies on a switched reluctance motor (SRM) is that they can reduce vibration noise and torque ripple. With the rapid development of digital system processors, predictive control (PC), as a modern control approach, is increasingly applied to enhance the dynamic performance and operational efficiency of SRMs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on PC strategies of SRMs and classifies PC technologies, such as generalized predictive control (GPC), hysteresis predictive control (HPC), deadbeat predictive control (DPC), and model predictive control (MPC). It summarizes the PC schemes from the aspects of predictive current control (PCC), predictive torque control (PTC), and other PC, and it discusses the current trends in technology development, as well as potential research directions. The insights presented herein aim to facilitate further investigations into predictive control techniques for SRM.
Simultaneous Improvement of Surface Wettability and UV Resistance of Wood with Lignin-Based Treatments

Recent advancements in wood modification aim to enhance the inherent qualities of this versatile biological material, which includes renewability, ease of processing, and thermal insulation. This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of lignin as a protective agent for less durable wood species, namely, Pinus nigra and Fagus sylvatica L. The impregnation of wood with three various forms of lignin, such as kraft lignin, acetylated kraft lignin, and lignin nanoparticles, was carried out using the vacuum technique at room conditions. The results showed that the treatments significantly improve the hydrophobicity of wood surfaces, particularly in pine wood, and provide protection against UV ageing. Additionally, the treatments contributed to the stabilisation of moisture content at different humidity levels. Although slight colour variations were observed, their impact on the visual appearance was minimal, and the thermal analysis confirmed enhanced thermal properties. Additionally, plasma treatment further enhanced hydrophobicity after treatments, offering potential benefits in terms of moisture resistance and durability. The findings of this study highlight the promising effects of lignin-based treatments on wood properties, providing sustainable solutions for wood protection in various sectors. However, further optimisation is needed to fully explore the potential of lignin and lignin nanoparticles.
Hardware and Software Design for Mobile Robot’s Navigation Over On-Road and Off-Road Curvature Paths

Navigating a mobile robot through a curve path is a difficult task in both on-road and off-road navigation. This research provides a hardware and software platform to address this issue. Two types of research have been conducted in this paper. First, a hardware platform consisting of a Linear Actuator-based steering mechanism is implemented to hold the steering at the desired angle. Second, the curvature information from Google Maps path data is collected and used to improve the existing Pure Pursuit algorithm, which is known as the curve-aware Pure Pursuit (C-PP) algorithm, which navigates a mobile robot in both on-road and off-road (with scattered small obstacles) environments. The mobile robot is navigated using C-PP and steering is controlled by a Linear Actuator. The results taken in real-time and simulation show that the proposed algorithm for on-road and off-road environments has lower longitudinal and lateral RMSE values compared to the existing algorithms.
On the temporal discretizations of convection dominated convection-diusion equations in time-dependent domain

This paper presents the numerical analysis of a convection dominated scalar equation with dierent time discretizations in time-dependent domains. The implicit Euler, Crank-Nicolson and backward-dierence methods are used for the temporal discretization. The time-dependent domain is handled by the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach. In particular, the non-conservative form of the ALE scheme is considered. The Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) nite element method is used for spatial discretization. It is shown that the stability of the fully discrete solution, irrespective of the temporal discretization, is only conditionally stable. The dependence of the numerical solution on the stabilization parameter k is also studied. It is seen that the Crank-Nicolson scheme is less dissipative than the implicit Euler and the backward dierence method. Moreover, the backward dierence scheme is more sensitive to the stabilization parameter k than the other time discretizations.