Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional diversity in reef fish assemblages in the Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, Mexico: Temporal and spatial changes

The Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (hereafter called PNSAV) is the largest coral reef extension in the central region of the Gulf of Mexico. These reefs are unique since they have developed near a coastal environment that is directly influenced by the discharges of Veracruz city, the rivers located on the continental shelf, and the port of Veracruz. This study evaluates the functional diversity, in terms of richness, evenness, and divergence, of the PNSAV fish community. We were interested in quantifying any similarities or differences in functional diversity metrics when one examines reef fish assemblages on a single reef or joint reef subsystems; thus, is there a difference based on scale? A total of 297 fish assemblages were observed in seven PNSAV reefs between May 2006 and April 2021. Significant differences were found in the Functional Richness of the assemblages between subsystems, years, and reef-depth interaction, but none were found among the reefs, or between seascapes. The Functional Diversity presented annual mean values between 0.83 (sd= 0.085) and 0.90 (sd= 0.068) and did not show statistical differences between years, seascape, or reefs. In contrast, statistical differences were found between subsystems, and depth level and the seascape-depth interaction. The annual mean Functional Evenness values ranged between 0.34 (sd= 0.128) and 0.44 (sd= 0.060), and significant differences were detected between years, reef, and reefs-depth level interaction, but no difference were found between subsystems. Reef-fish diversity was greater within the north coral reef subsystem than the southern of the PNSAV. There were no overall tendencies for increased functional diversity throughout the time during this study.
Kinetic theory of polyelectrolyte adsorption in shear flow

The effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the adsorption of a polyelectrolyte molecule onto a wall in shear flow is investigated using a bead-spring dumbbell model. Bead-bead and bead-wall electrostatic interactions are taken into account using screened Coulombic interactions, and the hydrodynamic interactions are incorporated using the approach proposed by Ma and Graham [Phys. Fluids 17, 083103 (2005)]. An analytical expression for the concentration profile of the polyelectrolyte is derived which predicts a competition between bead-wall hydrodynamic interactions and bead-wall electrostatic attraction. The behavior of the concentration profile is explored as a function of the Weissenberg number, surface (wall) charge density, charge on the beads, and screening length. The charge on the beads assists migration of the dumbbell away from an uncharged wall, whereas for an oppositely charged wall it increases the probability of finding the dumbbell close to the wall. In some cases, the concentration profile s.
Career Adaptability as a Predictor of Job Search Intentions and Career Readiness of Young Adults in the United Arab Emirates

In this study, we used the career construction theory (CCT) to examine the effects of career adaptability resources and career adapting responses on the career readiness of young adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Using data from a sample of 635 senior business students at two universities, we found that career adaptability has a positive impact on two measures of career readiness including career decidedness and perceived employability. Our findings also indicate that career adaptability, as expected, predicts two relevant career adaptive responses within the United Arab Emirates context including intentions to seek “Wasta” (using social connections to help in finding a job) and willingness to work in the private sector (WWPS). We further found that WWPS mediates the relationship between career adaptability and perceived employability. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Quantized H∞ filter design of interconnected continuous‐time delay systems

A generalized approach to the problem of quantized filtering is investigated by designing a set of decentralized H∞ filters for a class of linear interconnected continuous‐time systems with unknown‐but‐bounded couplings and interval delays and where the quantizer has arbitrary form. An LMI‐based method using a decentralized quantized filter is designed at the subsystem level to render the global filtered system delay‐dependent asymptotically stable with guaranteed γ − level. It is established that this setting encompasses several special cases of interest including interconnected delay‐free systems, single time‐delay systems and single systems. We illustrate the theoretical developments by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dry etching for the correction of gap-induced blurring and improved pattern resolution in nanostencil lithography

We present nanostencil lithography as a new and parallel nanopatterning technique for batch fabrication of micro/ nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) with high throughput and resolution. We use nanostencil lithography for the purpose of integrating nanomechanical resonators into complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. When patterning nonflat substrates, which is the case of CMOS wafers, the gap between the nanostencil membrane and the surface induces a pattern blurring that constitutes an intrinsic limitation to the maximum achievable resolution. In our case, the lateral blurring is on the order of 150 nm on each side. We present here a remedy to this limitation that is based on a corrective dry etching step that removes the excess material and which recovers the designed pattern dimensions. As a demonstration, we succeed in the patterning of an entire 100-mm-diam wafer with nanomechanical devices having lateral dimensions in the range of 200 nm.
The 2021 Antarctic Total Eclipse: Ground Magnetometer and GNSS Wave Observations From the 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian

On 04 December 2021, a total solar eclipse occurred over west Antarctica. Nearly an hour beforehand, a geomagnetic substorm onset was observed in the northern hemisphere. Eclipses are suggested to influence magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) coupling dynamics by altering the conductivity structure of the ionosphere by reducing photoionization. This sudden and dramatic change in conductivity is not only likely to alter global MI coupling, but it may also introduce a variety of localized instabilities that appear in both hemispheres. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based observations of the total electron content (TEC) in the southern high latitude ionosphere during the December 2021 eclipse show signs of wave activity coincident with the eclipse peak totality. Ground magnetic observations in the same region show similar activity, and our analysis suggest that these observations are due to an “eclipse effect” rather than the prior substorm. We present the first multi‐point interhemispheric study of a total south polar eclipse with local TEC observational context in support of this conclusion.
Robust and adaptive control of a beam deflector

A DC-motor driven beam-deflector is to be controlled such that the beam moves with constant velocity for 12 ms out of a 20-ms period before swinging back to the original position. One control system must serve any deflector without retuning. The problem is difficult because the dynamics vary from one deflector to another. It is found that a closed-loop system with poles in a Bessel filter configuration will satisfy the specifications. A straightforward pole-placement design is insufficiently robust. Redesigning it yields greater, but still insufficient, robustness against the known extent of plant parameter variation. The problem is solved by adding an adaptive control loop. >
Isotonic logistic discrimination

We propose an isotonic logistic discrimination procedure which generalises linear logistic discrimination by allowing linear boundaries to be more flexibly shaped as monotone functions of the discriminant variables. Under each of three familiar sampling schemes for obtaining a training dataset, namely prospective, mixture and retrospective, we provide the corresponding likelihood-based inference. An application to a cancer study is given. In addition, we consider theoretical comparisons of our method with two recent algorithmic monotone discrimination procedures. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
Improving ionospheric maps using theoretically derived values of f0F2

The results of a study to improve the global maps of monthly median values of the F2 region critical frequency, f0 F2, using values determined from a theoretical model are presented. Values of the midlatitude F2 region critical frequency that could be used to improve the prediction of f0 F2 in regions of the earth inaccessible to ground-based measurements were obtained. This was accomplished by including in the theoretical calculations realistic physical processes along with a realistic geomagnetic field model. Parameters were adjusted so that agreement was achieved between calculated and observed f0 F2 values as a function of local time at different stations, and then these same input parameters (i.e., neutral wind field, and neutral atmospheric model) were assumed valid at all regions of interest where the major difference is the geomagnetic field line configuration. Coefficients that yield global representations of f0 F2 were then determined using the theoretically derived f0 F2 values, and the predicted critical frequencies were compared with observed values to estimate the degree of improvement.
Wideband High-Efficiency Circularly Polarized Transmitarray With Linearly Polarized Feed

By using the low-loss element design method, a wideband high-efficiency transmitarray antenna with the linear-to-circular-polarization transformation is presented. The element is composed of a linearly polarized U-slot patch antenna and a circularly polarized single-arm Archimedean spiral antenna, and has the advantages of low insertion loss and good incident angle stability over a wide frequency band. The 0.14-λ0-thick 1613-element transmitarray is fabricated using standard PCB technology, and presents a measured peak gain of 31.8 dBi with the corresponding aperture efficiency of 60.2%. The measured 1 dB gain bandwidth is 15.2% from 18.25 to 21.25 GHz. Simple structure, high performance, and low complexity make it an attractive candidate for the low-cost, high-gain circularly polarized antenna.
Magnesium and Fracture Risk in the General Population and Patients Receiving Dialysis: A Narrative Review

Purpose of Review: Magnesium is an essential mineral for bone metabolism, but little is known about how magnesium intake alters fracture risk. We conducted a narrative review to better understand how magnesium intake, through supplementation, diet, or altering the concentration of dialysate magnesium, affects mineral bone disease and the risk of fracture in individuals across the spectrum of kidney disease. Sources of Information: Peer-reviewed clinical trials and observational studies. Methods: We searched for relevant articles in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The methodologic quality of clinical trials was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Black criteria checklist. Key Findings: The role of magnesium intake in fracture prevention is unclear in both the general population and in patients receiving maintenance dialysis. In those with normal kidney function, 2 meta-analyses showed higher bone mineral density in those with higher dietary magnesium, whereas 1 systematic review showed no effect on fracture risk. In patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, a higher concentration of dialysate magnesium is associated with a lower concentration of parathyroid hormone, but little is known about other bone-related outcomes. In 2 observational studies of patients receiving hemodialysis, a higher concentration of serum magnesium was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture. Limitations: This narrative review included only articles written in English. Observed effects of magnesium intake in the general population may not be applicable to those with chronic kidney disease particularly in those receiving dialysis.
A multisite exploration of the association between critical care implementation factors and clinical outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background: Little is known about strategies to implement new critical care practices in response to COVID-19. Moreover, the association between differing implementation climates and COVID-19 clinical outcomes has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between implementation determinants and COVID-19 mortality rates. Methods: We used mixed methods guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with critical care leaders and analyzed to rate the influence of CFIR constructs on the implementation of new care practices. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of CFIR construct ratings were performed between hospital groups with low- versus high-mortality rates. Results: We found associations between various implementation factors and clinical outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Three CFIR constructs (implementation climate, leadership engagement, and engaging staff) had both qualitative and statistically significant quantitative correlations with mortality outcomes. An implementation climate governed by a trial-and-error approach was correlated with high COVID-19 mortality, while leadership engagement and engaging staff were correlated with low mortality. Another three constructs (needs of patient; organizational incentives and rewards; and engaging implementation leaders) were qualitatively different across mortality outcome groups, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Improving clinical outcomes during future public health emergencies will require reducing identified barriers associated with high mortality and harnessing salient facilitators associated with low mortality. Our findings suggest that collaborative and engaged leadership styles that promote the integration of new yet evidence-based critical care practices best support COVID-19 patients and contribute to lower mortality.
A Bayesian Version of Rasch’s Multiplicative Poisson Model for the Number of Errors of an Achievement Test

Apart from the widely known logistic model for binary scored items, Rasch developed several other models for the analysis of achievement test data. The model considered in this paper is the so-called multiplicative Poisson model for misreadings. This model assumes that the number of reading errors that an individual makes when reading a text is approximately Poisson distributed with an intensity parameter λ, which depends on the ratio of two other parameters, one pertaining to the ability of the individual and one to the difficulty of the words in the text. In this paper a Bayesian procedure is developed for the simultaneous estimation of the ability and difficulty parameters. Similar procedures have been applied to the estimation of the parameters of the logistic model. According to several criteria, the Bayesian estimates are better than comparable maximum likelihood estimates. The method is illustrated by an empirical example. Some evidence on the potential usefulness of the method, based on Monte Carlo studies, is given.
3D modeling of coupling between superconducting filaments via resistive matrix in AC magnetic field

The ac loss of superconducting composite depends strongly on coupling between superconducting filaments via the resistive matrix. The established technique for loss reduction using twisted filaments relies on the decoupling of the filaments below a critical coupling field Bc, which increases with the reduction of the twist pitch and the matrix conductivity. Although the concept of Bc may be clearly demonstrated using two infinite slabs of finite length, further details on its correlation with the filament/conductor geometry are not yet available. The main obstacle is due to the fact that any accurate analysis of such a problem must be carried out in 3d. In this paper, we describe the initial results from 3d modeling using Cedrat's Flux3D, for which a superconductor module for handling power-law E-J characteristics was developed. Using a simple model of two rectangular superconductors connected through a normal metal, we demonstrate the feasibility for quantitative modeling of their coupling behavior over a wide range of field sweep rates for different conductor geometries. Typical examples were given for cases not addressed by the existing approximate theory, as well as for the evolution of field profile for varying field sweep rate.
An efficient method for online calculations of photolysis and heating rates

Abstract The authors present a computationally highly efficient method for the online calculation of photolysis and heating rates, which is especially suited for coupled transport–chemistry models. For this purpose, the spectral range 178.6 nm ≤ λ ≤ 752.5 nm, which is important for photochemistry in the troposphere and middle atmosphere, is divided into eight wavelength bands. For each band a parameterization of its contribution to photolysis and heating rates for a purely absorbing atmosphere is proposed, taking into consideration only absorption by O2 and O3. Scattering by molecules, aerosols, and clouds are taken into account by a correction factor, which is calculated online with a radiative transfer code at only one wavelength within each interval. The method yields photolysis and heating rates with less than 10% error for solar zenith angles less than 80° in the troposphere and even beyond in the stratosphere.
Extracting Traffic Signage by Combining Point Clouds and Images

Recognizing traffic signs is key to achieving safe automatic driving. With the decreasing cost of LiDAR, the accurate extraction of traffic signs using point cloud data has received wide attention. In this study, we propose combining point cloud and image traffic sign extraction: firstly, we use the improved YoloV3 model to detect traffic signs in panoramic images. The specific improvement is that the convolution block attention module is added to the algorithm framework, the traditional K-means clustering algorithm is improved, and Focal Loss is introduced as the loss function. It shows higher accuracy on the TT100K dataset, with a 1.4% improvement in accuracy compared to the previous YoloV3. Then, the point cloud of the area where the traffic sign is located is extracted by combining the image detection results. On this basis, the outline of the traffic sign is accurately extracted using the reflection intensity, spatial geometry and other information. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the missed detection rate, narrow the range of point cloud, and improve the detection accuracy by 10.2%.
Some Power Comparisons of Joint and Paired Tests for Nonnested Models under Local Hypotheses

This paper compares the asymptotic local power properties of some tests of a null model against a single nonnested alternative and against multiple nonnested alternatives, denoted hereafter as paired and joint tests, respectively. It is demonstrated that the ranking of tests on the basis of asymptotic local powers depends on the choice of local hypothesis. When a local null hypothesis is employed, it is not possible to rank the Wald and Cox-type paired or joint tests. However, when the local hypothesis is specified with reference to one of the alternative models under consideration, a ranking of different test procedures becomes possible. Under a local alternative hypothesis, it is shown that the paired Wald test will never have greater asymptotic local power than a paired Cox-type test.
Dreams Shared on Social Networks during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tower of Babel or Noah’s Ark?—A Group-Analytic Perspective

Dream sharing is a universal practice, and various incentives have been identified, including emotional processing, emotional relief, and demands for containment. Shared dreams can contribute to an individual’s understanding of social reality during traumatic and stressful events. The present study examined dreams shared on social network sites (SNS) during the first COVID-19 lockdown, applying a group-analytic approach. A qualitative dream content analysis conducted by a group of researchers analyzed 30 dreams shared on SNS, focusing on their contents, dominant emotions, and unique group processes. The dream content analysis yielded three meaningful and coherent themes: (1) dominant threats: enemy, danger, and COVID-19; (2) emotional fusion: confusion and despair alongside recovery and hope; and (3) group processes characterized by movement between being alone and being together. The results deepen our understanding of both unique social and psychological group processes and of people’s main experiences and key psychological coping mechanisms in times of collective trauma and natural disasters. They also demonstrate the transformative potential of dreamtelling for individuals’ coping experiences and building hope through the creative social relationships formed within SNS groups.
Spin quantum beats in semiconductors

Spin quantum-beat spectroscopy is presented as a powerful tool for the investigation of the electron Lande g factor and the spin dynamics in bulk and low-dimensional semiconductors. The technique has several advantages including high sensitivity, broad applicability, and ease of implementation and, therefore, proves to be superior to other techniques as, e.g., the Hanle-effect, spin-flip Raman scattering, and conduction band spin-resonance. We demonstrate the utility of this technique by the study of the temperature dependence of the electron Lande g factor g* in GaAs up to room temperature. We present as well results on the temperature dependence of g* in InP, the dependence of g* on quantum film thickness in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures, and the anisotropy of g* in quantum films and wires. A modification of this technique yields the direction of the spin rotation, i.e., the sign of g*. Finally, recent results on spin quantum beats in microcavities will be presented.