Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modified TCP Peach Protocol for Satellite based Networks

TCP has become the de-facto protocol standard for congestion control in the existing terrestrial Internet. But it was designed keeping in mind low Round Trip Time and low channel error rates typically experienced in a wired network. In this paper we have considered TCP Protocol variants like Tahoe, Reno, New Reno, SACK, FACK, Vegas, Westwood and Peach. TCP Peach is found to be better than the other TCP Protocol variants in case of satellite based networks but its performance also degrades when the packet error probability is high and in cases where there are multiple packet losses in the same window. In this paper a modification has been suggested to the existing PEACH protocol and the modified PEACH Protocol is tested to provide performance improvement especially in the cases where the packet error rate is very high. The modified Peach Protocol has been implemented in the ns2 Simulator and evaluated considering a Geo Satellite Network with varying channel conditions with all other TCP variants.
Therapeutic Opportunities for Self-Control Repair in Addiction and Related Disorders: Change and the Limits of Change in Trans-Disease Processes

Contemporary neuroeconomic approaches hypothesize that self-control failure results from drugs annexing normal learning mechanisms that produce pathological reward processing and distort decision making as a result from the dysregulation of two valuation systems. An emphasis on processes shared across different diseases and disorders is at odds with the contemporary approach that assumes unique disease etiologies and treatments. Studying trans-disease processes can identify mechanisms that operate in multiple disease states and ascertain if factors that influence processes in one disease state may be applicable to all disease states. In this article we review the dual model of self-control failure, the Competing Neurobehavioral Decision System approach, the relationship of delay discounting to the relative control of these two systems, and evidence that the executive system can be strengthened. Future research that could result in more potent interventions for executive system improvement and potential constraints on the repair of self-control failure are discussed.
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Respiratory Depressant Effect of Norbuprenorphine in Rats

The objective of this investigation was to characterize the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) correlation of buprenorphine's active metabolite norbuprenorphine for the effect on respiration in rats. Following i.v. administration in rats (dose range 0.32–1.848 mg), the time course of the concentration in plasma was determined in conjunction with the effect in ventilation as determined with a novel whole-body plethysmography technique. The PK of norbuprenorphine was best described by a three-compartment PK model with nonlinear elimination. A saturable biophase distribution model with a power PD model described the PK-PD relationship best. No saturation of the effect at high concentrations was observed, indicating that norbuprenorphine acts as a full agonist with regard to respiratory depression. Moreover, analysis of the hysteresis based on the combined receptor association-dissociation biophase distribution model yielded high values of the rate constants for receptor association and dissociation, indicating that these processes are not rate-limiting. In a separate analysis, the time course of the plasma concentrations of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine following administration of both the parent drug and the metabolite were simultaneously analyzed based on a six-compartment PK model with nonlinear elimination of norbuprenorphine. This analysis showed that following i.v. administration, 10% of the administered dose of buprenorphine is converted into norbuprenorphine. By simulation it is shown that following i.v. administration of buprenorphine, the concentrations of norbuprenorphine reach values that are well below the values causing an effect on respiration.
Visual Querying and Application Programming Interface for an ASP-based Ontology Language ⋆

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a logic-based programming p aradigm which has been recently exploited for solving complex rea l-world applications in an effective way. However, ASP systems currently mi ss important tools for the development of industry-level applications, such a s e sy-to-use graphic environments and application programming interfaces. In this paper, we present two new tools, tailored for OntoDLP (an ASP-based ontology representation and reasoning language), which re pres nt a step towards overcoming the above-mentioned limitations: a novel visua l querying interface, which allows non-expert users to compose and run queries; an d a Java API, enabling the development of software systems embedding ASP pr ograms.
Defining an exacerbation of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis *

Despite the importance of pulmonary exacerbations in CF in both clinical and research settings, both published evidence and consensus are lacking concerning the criteria used to define an exacerbation. The use of hospitalization as a surrogate measure presupposes uniformity among clinicians in diagnosis and treatment of exacerbations. Our aims were to evaluate consensus among clinicians about the variables considered helpful in diagnosing an exacerbation requiring treatment. A comprehensive list of symptoms, signs, and investigations used to define exacerbations was compiled from published trials. A written self‐administered questionnaire included the list in age‐appropriate groups to survey opinion about the helpfulness of each item, and the estimated proportion of patients admitted within a month of diagnosis of an exacerbation. This was sent to all clinicians managing CF patients in Australia.
Effectiveness of acute geriatric units on functional decline, living at home, and case fatality among older patients admitted to hospital for acute medical disorders: meta-analysis

Objective To assess the effectiveness of acute geriatric units compared with conventional care units in adults aged 65 or more admitted to hospital for acute medical disorders. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to 31 August 2008, and references from published literature. Review methods Randomised trials, non-randomised trials, and case-control studies were included. Exclusions were studies based on administrative databases, those that assessed care for a single disorder, those that evaluated acute and subacute care units, and those in which patients were admitted to the acute geriatric unit after three or more days of being admitted to hospital. Two investigators independently selected the studies and extracted the data. Results 11 studies were included of which five were randomised trials, four non-randomised trials, and two case-control studies. The randomised trials showed that compared with older people admitted to conventional care units those admitted to acute geriatric units had a lower risk of functional decline at discharge (combined odds ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 0.99) and were more likely to live at home after discharge (1.30, 1.11 to 1.52), with no differences in case fatality (0.83, 0.60 to 1.14). The global analysis of all studies, including non-randomised trials, showed similar results. Conclusions Care of people aged 65 or more with acute medical disorders in acute geriatric units produces a functional benefit compared with conventional hospital care, and increases the likelihood of living at home after discharge.
Transgenesis: An efficient tool in mulberry breeding

Genetic engineering is the most potent biotechnological approach dealing with transfer of specially constructed gene assemblies through various transformation techniques. Tools of recombinant DNA technology facilitated development of transgenic plants. The plants obtained through genetic engineering contain a gene or genes usually from an unrelated organisms, and are known as transgenic plants. The combined use of recombinant DNA technology, gene transfer methods and tissue culture techniques has led to the efficient transformation and production of transgenics in a wide variety of crop plants. In fact transgenesis has emerged as a novel tool for carrying out “single gene breeding” or transgenic breeding of crop plants. Identification, isolation and cloning of resistant genes is the prerequisite for development of transgenic plants for disease resistance. Identification of resistance genes on the basis of amino acid sequence, conservation enables plant breeder to monitor resistance gene segregation using appropriate DNA probe intend of testing progeny for disease resistance and susceptibility. Significant developments in plant genetic modification have been achieved in the last 15 years. Some of the success include herbicide tolerant corn, cotton, soyabeen and papaya; virus resistant corn, potato, cotton among others. In mulberry, little work has been carried out at Delhi University (south campus). They have developed drought and salinity tolerent transgenic mulberry through Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The overexpression of HVA1 gene from barley generates tolerence to salinity and water stress in transgenic mulberry ( Morus indica ). Keywords: Transgenic plant, mulberry, resistance, salinity.
Validity of the 21‐OH/LacZ Transgenic Mouse as a Model for Studying Adrenocortical Cell Lineage

Mosaic β‐galactosidase reporter staining patterns in the adult adrenal cortex of 21‐OH/LacZ transgenic mice were compared to those observed in mouse chimeras and X‐inactivation mosaics, which are known to have a lineage basis. This revealed similar patterns of blue and white radial stripes in all three experimental groups. Each blue stripe may contain one or more blue coherent clones of cells but this was taken into account by correcting the observed stripe numbers for the effects of different proportions of LacZ‐positive (blue) and LacZ‐negative (unstained) cells between adrenals. The corrected stripe numbers were similar in all three experimental groups, which supports the hypothesis that the stripes in the adrenals of 21‐OH/LacZ transgenic mice are formed in a similar way to those in chimeras and X‐inactivation mosaics (i.e., they have a lineage basis). This suggests that the 21‐OH/LacZ transgenic mouse is likely to be a valid model for studying steroidogenic cell lineage in the adrenal cortex, thereby providing additional support for the centripetal migration hypothesis of adrenocortical cytogenesis.
Creativity, Intelligence, and Personality

ivergent thinking; creativity in women; hemispheric specialization opposing right brain to left as the source of intuition, metaphor, and imagery; the contribution of altered states of consciousness to creative thinking; an organismic interpretation of the relationship of creativity to personality and intelligence; new methods of analysis of biographical material and a new emphasis on psychohistory; the relationship of thought disorder to originality; the inheritance of intellectual and personal traits important to creativity; the enhancement of creativity by training; these have been the main themes emerging in research on creativity since the last major reviews of the field (Stein 1968; Dellas & Gaier 1970; Freeman, Butcher & Christie 1971; Gilchrist 1972). Much indeed has happened in the field of creativity research since 1950, when J. P. Guilford in his parting address as president of the American Psychological Association pointed out that up to that time only 186 out of 121,000 entries in Psychological Abstracts dealt with creative imagination. By 1956, when the first national research conference on creativity was organized by C. W. Taylor at the University of Utah (under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation), this number had doubled. By 1962, when Scientific Creativity (compiled by C. W. Taylor and F. Barron) went to press with a summary of the
Segment 8 of the influenza virus genome is unique in coding for two polypeptides.

In previous studies we showed that a ninth polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 11,000 (NS2) found in influenza virus-infected cells was unique, that it could be synthesized in vitro, and that its expression in vivo required early protein synthesis. On the basis of these results we suggested that one of the eight genome RNA segments of influenza virus codes for two polypeptides [Lamb, R.A. , Etkind, P.R. & Choppin, P.W. (1978) Virology 91, 60-78]. We describe here differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the NS2 polypeptides of different strains of influenza A virus. These results provided further evidence that NS2 is virus coded and also made possible genetic studies using recombinants between two virus strains (HK and PR8) whose NS2 polypeptides differ. These studies showed that the gene for NS2 reassorts with that of the nonstructural polypeptide NS1, which is coded by genome segment 8. A mRNA for NS2 has been separated from that of NS1 and the other viral polypeptides by centrifugation and has been translated in vitro. Hybridization of genome segment 8 to the total mRNAs from infected cells specifically prevented the synthesis of NS2 and NS1. These results indicate that influenza virus genome segment 8 is transcribed into two separate mRNAs that code for two polypeptides, NS1 and NS2. Possible mechanisms for the transcription of the two mRNAs from either contiguous or overlapping genes are discussed.
Measuring and Improving the Performance of Network Mobility Management in IPv6 Networks

Measuring the performance of an implementation of a set of protocols and analyzing the results is crucial to understanding the performance and limitations of the protocols in a real network environment. Based on this information, the protocols and their interactions can be improved to enhance the performance of the whole system. To this end, we have developed a network mobility testbed and implemented the network mobility (NEMO) basic support protocol and have identified problems in the architecture which affect the handoff and routing performance. To address the identified handoff performance issues, we have proposed the use of make-before-break handoffs with two network interfaces for NEMO. We have carried out a comparison study of handoffs with NEMO and have shown that the proposed scheme provides near-optimal performance. Further, we have extended a previously proposed route optimization (RO) scheme, OptiNets. We have compared the routing and header overheads using experiments and analysis and shown that the use of the extended OptiNets scheme reduces these overheads of NEMO to a level comparable with Mobile IPv6 RO. Finally, this paper shows that the proposed handoff and RO schemes enable NEMO protocol to be used in applications sensitive to delay and packet loss
Energy-harvesting powered transmissions of bursty data packets with strict deadlines

Energy harvesting has been widely considered in many wireless applications, especially the wireless sensor networks. This paper develops a novel approach to energy-harvesting powered transmissions under arbitrary packet arrival process and strict deadline constraints over time-varying channels. It is shown that the problem can be formulated as a convex program. Relying on the specific structure of the optimality conditions, we put forth an efficient algorithm with a low computational complexity to find the optimal rate control strategy. An insightful visualization is also provided to depict the construction of the optimal policy. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the merit of the proposed scheme.
아동 발현 불안 척도(Revised Children`s Manifest Anxiety Scale)의 요인구조 분석

본 연구는 RCMAS(Revised Children`s Manifest Anxiety Scale)의 요인 구조를 분석하는 것에 목적이 있다. RCMAS의 요인구조에 대한 선행 연구들은 이분문항만으로 이루어진 RCMAS의 특성을 고려하지 않고 요인분석을 실시했다는 한계점을 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 RCMAS의 문항들이 인위적인 이분 변수임을 고려하여 이에 보다 적합한 방법으로 요인구조를 밟히고자 했다. 이를 위해 1614명의 소아·청소년의 RCMAS 자료를 대상으로, 질적 자료에 적합한 모수추정방법 (WLSMV)을 이용하여 탐색적 요인분석을 실시했다. 분석 결과, 4요인 모형이 설정되었다. 요인 l은 ‘과도한 걱정’에 대한 내용을 포함하고 있으며, 요인 2는 ‘예민함’, 요인 3은 ‘신체·수면 상의 문제’, 요인 4는 ‘부정적 정서와 주의력 문제’로 구분되었다. 본 연구 결과는 선행 연구들과 달리 RCMAS에 보다 적합한 분석방법으로 요인구조를 탐색·확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, RCMAS가 측정하는 한국 소아·청소년의 발현 불안에 4가지 요인이 존재한다는 것을 시사한다.
Genetic biasing in language diversity and universals

I will argue here that the genetic biasing of language might provide a window onto “biological” factors affecting linguistic typology, providing thus a connection between genetic and linguistic processes. In turn, such an approach might help highlight the intrinsic links between universality and variation in language and the “fixation” or “dissolution” of universals, akin to process in population genetics.
SmartFinder: Cloud-based self organizing localization for mobile smart devices in large-scale indoor facility

In large-scale indoor facilities such as airports, train stations, factories, and hospitals, the locations of mobile smart devices provide important information for grasping the activity state of people and the utilization state of things. Consequently, many indoor localization systems for people and things have been proposed. However, such systems require a large amount of localization equipment or advanced measurements of environmental physical characteristics, and thus they strongly depend on the infrastructure for localization. In this paper, we propose SmartFinder as a solution with extremely low dependence on the infrastructure. This localization system applies our previously proposed Cloud-based Self-Organizing Localization to mobile smart devices, such as smartphones carried by people and BLE devices attached to things. SmartFinder can track the location of many mobile smart devices with only three anchor nodes and in real time.
Sequencing and expression analysis of hepcidin mRNA in donkey (Equus asinus) liver

The hypoferremia that is observed during systemic inflammatory processes is mediated by hepcidin, which is a peptide that is mainly synthesized in the livers of several mammalian species. Hepcidin plays a key role in iron metabolism and in the innate immune system. It's up-regulation is particularly useful during acute inflammation, and it restricts the iron availability that is necessary for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, the hepcidin mRNA of Equus asinus has been characterized, and the expression of donkey hepcidin in the liver has been determined. The donkey hepcidin sequence has an open reading frame (ORF) of 261 nucleotides, and the deduced corresponding protein sequence has 86 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of donkey hepcidin was most homologous to Equus caballus (98%). The mature donkey hepcidin sequence (25 amino acids) was 100% homologous to the equine mature hepcidin and has eight conserved cysteine residues that are found in all of the investigated hepcidin sequences. The expression profile of donkey hepcidin in the liver was high and was similar to the reference gene expression. The donkey hepcidin sequence was deposited in GenBankTM (HQ902884) and may be useful for additional studies on iron metabolism and the inflammatory process in this species.
Ray shooting amidst fat convex polyhedra in 3-space

We present a data structure for ray-shooting queries in a set of disjoint convex fat polyhedra of total complexity n in R 3 . The data structure uses O(n 2+" ) storage and preprocessing time, and queries can be answered in O(log 2 n) time. A trade-off between storage and query time is also possible: for any m with n < m < n 2 , we can construct a structure that uses O(m 1+" ) storage and preprocessing time such that queries take O((n/ p m)log 2 n) time.
Interaction between primary afferent nerves in the elicitation of reflex swallowing.

In adult cats anesthetized with urethan, a number of observations were made that support the concept that some control over the rate of reflexly induced swallowing occurs in the intermediate network at the level of the nucleus of the solitary tract. It was shown that different nerves, e.g., the two superior laryngeal and glossopharyngeal nerves, when activated in sequence interact in such a manner as to facilitate reflex swallowing. It was also shown that the decrement in the reflex response observed to continuous stimulation of a primary afferent nerve, e.g., one superior laryngeal, can be reversed by switching the stimulation to another nerve either on the same or contralateral side. And finally, following discrete medullary lesions, it was observed that that portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract located 2 mm or more rostral to the rostralmost point of the dorsal medial sulcus appears to contain an integral component of the intermediate network that governs reflexly induced swallowing, whereas lesions restricted to the ventrolateral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract have no effect on the reflex response.
Verbal learning and memory deficits in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Criteria for amnestic MCI rely on the use of delayed recall tasks to establish the presence of memory impairment. This study applied the California Verbal Learning Test to detail memory performance in MCI patients (n = 70), as compared to control subjects (n = 92) and AD patients (n = 21). Learning across the 5 trials was different among the 3 groups. Learning strategy was also different, the MCI group showing less semantic clustering than the control group. However, both MCI patients and controls could benefit from semantic cueing. This study showed that beyond consolidation deficits, MCI patients have marked difficulties in acquisition and recall strategies.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Clostridium difficile and Its Relation to PCR Ribotypes in a Swedish University Hospital

ABSTRACT All 238 Clostridium difficile isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, whereas 84% and 1% were resistant to clindamycin and fusidic acid. Etest MICs for metronidazole were lower than agar dilution MICs (P < 0.01) but without difference in susceptible-intermediate-resistant categorization. No particular PCR ribotype was associated with clindamycin or fusidic acid resistance.
An inverse boundary value problem of determining three dimensional unknown inclusions in an elliptic equation

In this paper we consider an inverse boundary value problem of determining three dimensional unknown inclusions in an elliptic equation in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R3 from finite boundary measurements on ∂Ω. We will show that polyhedral inclusions in Ω can be uniquely determined up to their convex edges from a single boundary measurement on ∂Ω.