Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TGF-beta and colorectal carcinogenesis.

There is substantial evidence to support the contention that the Smad portion of the TGF-beta signal transduction pathway provides an important tumor-suppressor function. Mutational loss of function of Smad pathway members have been associated with the development of human cancers and appear to be causative in selected rodent carcinogenesis models. TGF-beta also has multiple other actions that appear to be independent of the growth-inhibitory/tumor suppressor effects. The predominant effect of TGF-beta appears to be dependent on the context of the responding cell. Once transformation has occurred, TGF-beta effects may be detrimental and may actually promote tumor cell survival, invasion, and metastasis. Recent work suggests that these effects may involve TGF-beta regulation of COX-2 and other pathways that may contribute to tumor cell aggressiveness. In gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms by which TGF-beta may promote tumor progression, it is likely that new therapeutic strategies may be developed that preserve tumor-suppressor function of TGF-beta while inhibiting the tumor-promoting effects.
A Historical Overview of the Status of Function Words in Dependency Grammar

This contribution provides a historical overview of the analysis of function words in surface syntactic dependency hierarchies. Starting with Tesniere (1959), the overview progresses through some prominent voices in the history of DG (Mel'cuk 1958, 1963, Hays 1964, Matthews 1981, Schubert 1987, Maxwell and Schubert 1989, Hudson 1976, 1984, etc.). The overview establishes that the analysis of prepositions has been almost unanimous: they are positioned as heads over their nouns. There has been more variation concerning the status of auxiliary verbs, although most DG grammarians have viewed them as heads over their content verbs. Concerning determiners, the dominant position is that they are dependents under their nouns, although there are a couple of prominent voices that assume the opposite stance.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PORTABLE ROOM AIR CLEANERS FOR CONTROL OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN INDOOR AIR

IAQ T1S3) Eleven commercially available portable room air cleaners have been tested on a mixture of 16 representative volatile organic compounds (VOC) in a full-scale stainless steel chamber and their initial VOC removal efficiencies have been evaluated. These products use different gas-phase contaminant removal technologies including adsorption, photocatalytic oxidation under UV irradiation (UV-PCO), ozone oxidation, air ionization and plasma decomposition. All sorptionbased products were found to have reasonable initial removal efficiency for most tested VOCs (except dichloromethane, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde). The measured CADRs (clean air delivery rate) varied a lot from product to product, which are mainly due to the difference of air flow rate passing through the device, the property and amount of adsorbent material used and their packing density. The measured CADRs also varied from compound to compound, indicating that the properties of VOC would influence its removal rate by sorbent material. Products based on other technologies showed insignificant removal efficiency for most test VOCs (except dLimonene) and some of them were found to lead to unsafe ozone concentrations. The low removal efficiency of UV-PCO based products may be attributed to poor product design, while the poor performance of ozone oxidation method is expected due to slow reaction rate between ozone and most VOCs under typical indoor conditions. The selection of experimental parameters (i.e. the number of injected VOCs, target VOC initial concentration levels, the test period) and data analysis procedure is also discussed in this paper, which will be useful for developing a performance test standard (similar to ANSI/AHAM Standard AC-1-2002) for gas-phase room air cleaners.
The quest for a general theory of the marketing system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether there is significant agreement on what constitutes the essential elements for building a general theory of the marketing system. Design/methodology/approach – The method is an historical review of the various concepts, elements, sub-theories, axioms, components, explananda and ingredients proposed by marketing scholars over the past half century who contributed to the development of a general theory of the marketing system. Findings – The main finding is that despite the diversity of terms and concepts found in the marketing literature, there is considerable agreement on the essential elements necessary to build a general theory. Originality/value – The value of this work is in assembling and organizing the various concepts, elements, sub-theories, axioms, components, explananda and ingredients of a general theory. Scholars are encouraged to examine the pieces and re-join the quest to construct and empirically test a general theory of the marketin.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by macrophages is up‐regulated in poorly vascularized areas of breast carcinomas

Angiogenesis is essential to the growth and metastasis of solid tumours. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent pro‐angiogenic cytokine that is overexpressed in malignant tumours such as invasive carcinoma of the breast. The low oxygen tensions (hypoxia) present in these tumours are known to up‐regulate the expression of VEGF by tumour cells. Human macrophages also respond to hypoxia by increasing their release of VEGF in vitro, although the effect of hypoxia on VEGF expression by macrophages in vivo has yet to be demonstrated. The present study compared the expression of VEGF by macrophages in areas of low and high vascularity in 24 invasive breast carcinomas (12 lobular, 12 ductal). The cellular distributions of VEGF protein, CD31 (vessels), and CD68 (macrophages) were compared in sequential sections for each tumour. In ten tumours, both tumour cells and macrophages were immunoreactive for VEGF protein. Use of non‐isotopic in situ hybridization to localize VEGF mRNA showed that these cell types also expressed VEGF mRNA. No significant differences in the cellular distribution of VEGF protein were found between lobular and ductal carcinomas. In all tumours, macrophages accumulated in higher numbers in poorly vascularized than in highly vascularized areas. In VEGF‐positive tumours, macrophages were immunoreactive for VEGF only in avascular areas where tumour cells also expressed VEGF. This suggests that VEGF expression by these two cell types may be regulated by the same microenvironmental stimuli in breast carcinomas. In addition, significantly more macrophages were present in poorly vascularized areas of VEGF‐positive than VEGF‐negative tumours. This suggests that VEGF may exert a chemotactic action on macrophages in vivo and guide their migration into avascular tumour sites. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delusions as Doxastic States: Contexts, Compartments, and Commitments

Although delusions are typically regarded as beliefs of a certain kind, there have been worries about the doxastic conception of delusions since at least Bleuler’s time. ‘Anti-doxasticists,’ as we might call them, do not merely worry about the claim that delusions are beliefs, they reject it. Reimer’s paper weighs into the debate between ‘doxasticists’ and ‘antidoxasticists’ by suggesting that one of the main arguments given against the doxastic conception of delusions—what we might call the functional role objection—is based on a fallacy. She also draws attention to certain parallels between delusions and what she calls “nihilistic philosophical doctrines,” such as the skeptical position that we have no knowledge. I read Reimer as presenting the anti-doxasticist with a dilemma: they must either adopt an anti-doxastic treatment of philosophical nihilism or they must identify a crucial respect in which nihilistic states differ from delusional states. As she puts it, “If we are to withhold the label ‘belief’ from psychiatric delusions, . parity of reason requires that we withhold it from seemingly sincere endorsements of [standard] philosophical doctrines” (2010, 317). Although Reimer herself stops short of endorsing the doxastic conception of delusions, she is clearly very sympathetic to it. Reimer’s discussion is a very welcome contribution to the contemporary discussion of delusions, and I have learnt much from it. I do, however, have questions. In the first part of this commentary I focus on the question of what exactly Reimer’s position is. Her view has multiple strands, and it is not clear to me that its various strands can be reconciled with each other. In the second and third sections, I take a step back from Reimer’s paper and ask what exactly might be at stake in the debate about the doxastic status of delusions.
Gender and attitudes to work and family roles: the views of young people at the millennium

The last century, in particular the latter half, saw radical shifts in the roles and expectations of women in society. This article investigates the views of 14‐ to 16‐year‐olds in the year 2000 on work and family roles, exploring both their general views on gender roles and their own personal aspirations for the future. In general the young people believed that it was equally important for males and females to get good qualifications at school, to have worthwhile careers and that childcare should be a joint responsibility. They also believed that males and females could do any job they wanted to these days. Their views were tempered, however, by the inequalities that they saw around them in the workplace and in their own families. While young people’s attitudes may have changed, they are still choosing fairly gender‐typical subjects at school and aspiring to different types of occupation. The article concludes that while great strides have been made in changing attitudes towards gender equality, there is still a long way to go before equal opportunities are really achieved.
THE CLOSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LOW ECONOMIC STATUS AND GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS IN A RURAL AREA IN LAOS

riatric treatment unit, there were a variety of accompanying factors with reciprocal influence on erythrocyte volume, such as iron deficiency. Alternatively, it is supposed that serum cobalamin might be of limited value as a marker of cobalamin deficiency. Serum methyl-malonic acid and serum homocysteine, as well as holotranscobalamin, are presumed to give a superior reflection of true cobalamin and folate status, but there was only a minor correlation between erythrocyte volume and serum homocysteine in another study, which also confirms the finding of this study.
Conductas violentas de los adolescentes hacia las figuras de autoridad: el papel mediador de las conductas antisociales

Resumen El objetivo del estudio era analizar las conductas violentas y prosociales de los adolescentes hacia padres y profesores y la relación de dichas conductas con el clima familiar y escolar. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 687 adolescentes de ambos sexos y de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años de la provincia de Guipúzcoa (España). Los adolescentes informaron de niveles superiores de conductas prosociales hacia los padres que hacia los profesores, pero no había diferencias en relación a las conductas violentas. En el contexto familiar la cohesión y el conflicto, mediadas por las conductas antisociales, fueron factores predictores de la violencia filio-parental. Del mismo modo, la organización escolar y el conflicto familiar mediadas por las conductas antisociales de los adolescentes resultaron predictores significativos de la violencia contra los profesores. De ello se desprende que el conflicto familiar es un importante factor de riesgo tanto para las conductas antisociales como para las conductas violentas hacia las figuras de autoridad.
Chromate Efflux by Means of the ChrA Chromate Resistance Protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Everted membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1 harboring plasmid pCRO616, expressing the ChrA chromate resistance protein, accumulated four times more51CrO42− than vesicles from plasmidless cells, indicating that a chromate efflux system functions in the resistant strain. Chromate uptake showed saturation kinetics with an apparent Km of 0.12 mM chromate and aVmax of 0.5 nmol of chromate/min per mg of protein. Uptake of chromate by vesicles was dependent on NADH oxidation and was abolished by energy inhibitors and by the chromate analog sulfate. The mechanism of resistance to chromate determined by ChrA appears to be based on the active efflux of chromate driven by the membrane potential.
A Hierarchical Semantic Overlay System for Semantic Search and Service Matchmaking

The explosive growth of content makes it difficult for end-users to find data that they want. Keyword-based searches are brittle – they require the user to know the set of keywords that the system is using, and are ineffective for finding data based on meaning. This paper describes a new hierarchical overlay model that combines the best of structured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems with semantic processing, enabling users to use keyword-based searches as well as meaning-based searches. This paper can also use the same architecture to support service matchmaking, enabling the user to find services to view or play discovered content.
Millimeter-wave signal transmission using digitized radio-over-fiber technique

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a digitized millimeter-over-fiber transmission scheme using better-performance less-expensive digital optical link. A 40 GHz millimeter wave signal is successfully generated in BS from a digitized IF signal centered at 500 MHz with a sampling rate of 2 GHz, bit resolution of 5 and a total optical bit rate of 10 Gbps. A DAC with the same sampling rate and sufficient bandwidth is employed in the BS to reconstruct the signal in analog domain and generate high frequency images of the original signal. By using a bandpass filter we abstract its 7th order image at 7.5 GHz. A 10 GHz clock signal recovered from the digitized IF signal is 4-time multiplied, and mixed with the 7.5 GHz signal for millimeter wave signal generation.
Collision detection for blocking cylindrical objects

This paper proposes two methods for collision detection between cylindrical components when mutual blocking occurs in the view of cameras. In reconstruction approach, 3D models are built according to key features captured by cameras and constraint optimization is employed to rapidly find possible intersections. To satisfy the computational efficiency required by real time operation, we present another way, projection method, to convert two planar views to contours on a projection plane and to detect high dimension collisions by studying the projection's relationships in low dimension. Nine cases are totally categorized and eleven parameters are constructed for detection on the basis of relative postures and positions. Simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate their validity.
Women's opinions about mate choices: A qualitative study Kadinlarin eş seçimleri hakkindaki görüşleri: Nitel bir çalişma

The purpose of this study was to identify the preferences of women's opinions on the choice of a mate. Participants of the study were 15 women who work in different jobs in several health agencies. Interviews were used as a qualitative research method to collect personal/detailed data from participants. Qualitative data obtained from participants were analysed by the content analysis method. Results showed that the majority of women prefer to get married men who are older than themselves and averaged in physical appearance. It was identified that honesty is the most desired personality characteristic for women when choosing a partner, followed by, in order: assertiveness, respect and understanding. Women in the study admitted that they prefer men with different personality characteristics and social status from those of theirs and also prefer men who have an income level and social status similar to or higher than their own. Caring and loving father themes were identified in terms of women expectation from their partner. According to the participants’ views there should be a coherence between their personal hobbies and culture and those of their partners. Women emphasised that they want their partner to have a respectful, genuine, close and good relationship with their family. Results are discussed in the light of related literature. Ozet Bu arastirmada, kadinlarin es secimine iliskin gorusleri incelenmistir. Calismaya saglik alaninda calisan farkli meslek grubundan 15 kadin alinmistir. Arastirmada veriler nitel veri toplama yontemlerinden gorusme yontemi kullanilarak toplanmis ve gorusmelerden elde edilen nitel verilerin analizinde icerik analizi yontemi kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin bulgularina gore kadinlar evlenmek istedikleri kisinin yasinin kendi yaslarindan buyuk olmasini, ortalama fiziksel ozelliklere sahip olmasini tercih etmektedir. Kadinlarin en cok aradigi kisilik ozelligi durustluk olmustur ve bunu sirasiyla girisken, saygili ve anlayisli olma izlemistir. Kadinlar evlenmek istedikleri kisinin kisilik ozellikleri ve sosyal statu temasi altinda gruplanan ozellikler acisindan kendilerinden farkli olmasini, en cok ilgili ve sevecen temalari altinda belirtilen babalik ozelliklerine sahip olmasini istediklerini belirtmislerdir. Evlenmek istenilen kisinin kendileriyle benzer ya da daha yuksek ekonomik gelir ve statuye sahip olmasini, kisisel zevkler ve kulturel temalara iliskin konularda uyumlu olmayi bekledikleri belirtilmistir. Ayrica kadinlar, evlenmek istedikleri kisinin aileleriyle saygili, yakin, samimi ve iyi bir iliskisi olmasini istediklerini, ailenin kulturel uyum, sosyal statu ve kisilik ozellikleri temalari kapsamindaki nitelikler konusunda es secimini etkiledigini ifade etmislerdir. Arastirma bulgulari, ilgili literatur dogrultusunda tartisilmistir.
Development of Upwelling during the Sedimentary Period of the Organic-Rich Shales in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations of the Upper Yangtze Region and Its Impact on Organic Matter Enrichment

This study uses logging data, mineral component content, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and microscopic characteristics of the organic-rich shales in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations, as well as data reported by other researchers, to demonstrate that upwelling has played an important role in the organic matter enrichment. The results show that (1) the organic-rich shales of Well N211 in the Upper Yangtze region are located in the Wufeng Formation and the lower Longmaxi Formation, with a burial depth between 2308–2357 m. (2) The organic-rich shales are enriched in biogenic silica. (3) Based on paleogeographic location and characteristics of organisms, this study determines that upwelling occurred during the deposition of the organic-rich shales in the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations, promoting the enrichment of organic matter in the shales. (4) The upwelling intensity gradually increased from the sedimentary period of the organic-rich shales in the mid-lower Wufeng Formation to the sedimentary period of the Guanyinqiao Member, and then decreased gradually from the sedimentary period of the Guanyinqiao Member to the sedimentary period of the organic-rich shales in the Longmaxi Formation, and leads to the different enrichment of organic matter in the vertical direction. The different developments of upwelling led to the coexistence of both high and low TOC contents in the Guanyinqiao Member along the vertical direction.
What Could an Executive Coach Do for an Association Football Manager?

INTRODUCTION The Goldsmith mantra, ‘What got you here won’t get you there’ is of course, often true and perhaps Roy Keane is an exemplar of this view. However, when we look closely at the research [1] it is clear that there is zero correlation between playing and managing and therefore while Keane’s obsessive behaviour might inhibit him it actually enables others. For every Roy Keane, and incidentally the jury is still out on whether he will make it, there is a Johann Cruyff; for every Bobby Moore there is a Franz Beckenbauer; for every Bryan Robson there is a Pep Guardiola. On the reverse side there are those like Arsene Wenger and Jose Mourinho, who had mediocre playing careers at best. The zero correlation also pertains to the often cited relationship between the perfectionist, almost obsessive-compulsive, characteristics of players such as Keane and a failure to empathise with less driven players. Nobody could be more obsessive, more detailed, more focused or more driven than Wenger and yet he manages to convey that obsession with detail in an effective way to his players.
Combining Band Recovery Data and Pollock's Robust Design to Model Temporary and Permanent Emigration

Summary. Capture‐recapture models are widely used to estimate demographic parameters of marked populations. Recently, this statistical theory has been extended to modeling dispersal of open populations. Multistate models can be used to estimate movement probabilities among subdivided populations if multiple sites are sampled. Frequently, however, sampling is limited to a single site, Models described by Burnham (1993, in Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Populations, 199–213), which combined open population capture‐recapture and band‐recovery models, can be used to estimate permanent emigration when sampling is limited to a single population. Similarly, Kendall, Nichols, and Hines (1997, Ecology51, 563–578) developed models to estimate temporary emigration under Pollock's (1982, Journal of Wildlife Management46, 757–760) robust design. We describe a likelihood‐based approach to simultaneously estimate temporary and permanent emigration when sampling is limited to a single population. We use a sampling design that combines the robust design and recoveries of individuals obtained immediately following each sampling period. We present a general form for our model where temporary emigration is a first‐order Markov process, and we discuss more restrictive models. We illustrate these models with analysis of data on marked Canvasback ducks. Our analysis indicates that probability of permanent emigration for adult female Canvasbacks was 0.193 ( ) and that birds that were present at the study area in year i— 1 had a higher probability of presence in year i than birds that were not present in year i— 1.
A model study of optimal training reduction during pre-event taper in elite swimmers

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess responses to taper in elite athletes using computer simulations. Parameters of a non-linear model were derived from training and performance data over two seasons for eight elite swimmers. The fit between modelled and actual performances was statistically significant for each swimmer (r 2 = 0.56 ± 0.06; P < 0.01). The simulations were used to estimate characteristics of step and progressive tapers that would maximize performance either (1) after regular training only or (2) after overload training of a 20% step increase in regular training for 28 days. The highest performance with a step taper was greater with than without prior overload training (101.4%, s = 1.6 vs. 101.1%, s = 1.4 of personal record; P < 0.01) but required a longer taper duration (22.4 days, s = 13.4 vs. 16.4 days, s = 10.3; P < 0.05). The optimal progressive taper led to a better performance only after the overload period (101.5%, s = 1.5; P < 0.001). Negative and positive influences of training were estimated as indicators of fatigue and adaptations to training respectively. During the optimal taper, the negative influence was completely removed, independently of the prior training, whereas the positive influence increased only after overload training. Our computer simulations show that the characteristics of an optimal training reduction in elite athletes depend on the training performed in the weeks prior to a taper.