Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation during Pregnancy and Lactation in Low-to-Middle-Income Developing Country Settings: Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes

Background: Malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, remains one of the major public health challenges, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries. Micronutrient deficiencies affect people of all ages, but its effects appear more devastating in pregnant women and children. Poor maternal nutrition contributes to at least 20% of maternal deaths and increases the probability of poor pregnancy outcomes including intrauterine growth restriction, resulting in low birth weight, stunting, wasting and mortality. Key Messages: Several strategies have been employed to provide pregnant women with micronutrients. These strategies include education, dietary modification, food provision, agricultural interventions, supplementation and fortification either alone or in combination. Micronutrient supplementation is the most widely practiced intervention to prevent and manage single or multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrient supplementation either alone or in combination has shown to be effective in improving maternal, birth and child outcomes. Conclusions: There is a need to focus on maternal micronutrient status as a continuum from the periconceptional period throughout pregnancy to lactation. Given the wide prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies in low-to-middle-income countries, the challenge is to implement intervention strategies that combine appropriate maternal and child health interventions with micronutrient interventions.
In situ microtomography study of human bones under strain with synchrotron radiation

At the ESRF Micro-Fluorescence, Imaging and Diffraction beamline ID22, X-Ray micro-tomography is a routine technique proposed to users for 3D microanalysis of various samples. The purpose of this work is to extend 3D micro-tomography in order to obtain in-situ 3D information about samples at increasing pure axial loads. We developed a new device that allows one to combine mechanical testing and micro-tomography. The device is optimised for low Gpa Young moduli like plastics or bone but can easily be adapted to higher values. In this paper we present first results obtained with animal and human bone samples to gain insight into the bone microcrack problem.
Periodic Smoothing Spline Surface with Application to Contour Modeling of Moving Deformable Objects

This paper considers a problem of designing optimal smoothing spline surfaces employing normalized uniform B-splines as the basis functions. Assuming that the data is obtained by sampling some surface with noises, an expression for optimal smoothing surfaces is derived when the number of data becomes infinity. Then, under certain condition, we present the convergent properties of optimal smoothing spline surface. Moreover, they are extended to the case of periodic spline surfaces. The results are applied to the problem of contour modeling of moving deformable objects, and the effectiveness is examined by numerical and experimental studies
DIFFERENTIALLY MODIFIES STIMULUS ENCODING IN PRIMARY SENSORY

22 Experience shapes both central olfactory system function and odor 23 perception. In piriform cortex, odor experience appears critical for 24 synthetic processing of odor mixtures which contributes to perceptual 25 learning and perceptual acuity, as well as contributing to memory for 26 events and/or rewards associated with odors. Here, we examined the effect 27 of odor fear conditioning on piriform cortical single-unit responses to the 28 learned aversive odor, as well as its effects on similar (overlapping mixtures) 29 in freely moving rats. We found that odor-evoked fear responses were 30 training paradigm-dependent. Simple association of a CS+ odor with foot-31 shock (US) led to generalized fear (cue-evoked freezing) to similar odors. 32 However, after differential conditioning, which included trials where a CS-33 odor (a mixture overlapping with the CS+) was not paired with shock, 34 freezing responses were CS+ odor-specific and less generalized. Pseudo-35 conditioning led to no odor-evoked freezing. These differential levels of 36 stimulus control over freezing were associated with different training-37 induced changes in single-unit odor responses in anterior piriform cortex 38 (aPCX). Both simple and differential conditioning induced a significant 39 decrease in aPCX single-unit spontaneous activity compared to pre-training 40 levels while pseudo-conditioning did not. Simple conditioning enhanced 41 mean receptive field size (breadth of tuning) of the aPCX units, while 42 differential conditioning reduced mean receptive field size. These results 43 suggest that generalized fear is associated with an impairment of olfactory 44 cortical discrimination. Furthermore, changes in sensory processing are 45 dependent on the nature of training, and can predict the stimulus 46 controlled behavioral outcome of the training.
Concrete at High Temperatures: Material Properties and Mathematical Models

Introduction. PART I (written by M K Kaplan) 1. Composition and structure of hardened Portland cement paste. 2. Temperature effects on chemical composition, pore water and physical structures of Portland cement structure. 3. Thermal expansion of Portland cement concrete at high temeratures. 4. Thermal properties of Portland cement concrete at high temperatures. 5. Strength and deformation of Portland cement concrete at high temperature. 6. Composition and properties of materials used for refractory concrete. 7. Mix design and manufacture of refractory concrete. 8. Physical, thermal and chemical properties of refractory concrete. 9. Mechanical properties of refractor concrete. PART II Mathematical Modelling (written by Z P Bazant) 10. Mathematical modelling of moisture diffusion and pore pressures at high temperatures. 11. Mathematical modelling of creep and shrinkage of concrete at high temperatures. 12. Mathematical models for cracking, failure and nonlinear stress-strain relations.
An analytical model for an IEEE~802.11 WLAN using DCF with two types of VoIP calls

In this paper we develop and numerically explore the modeling heuristic of using saturation attempt probabilities as state dependent attempt probabilities in an IEEE 802.11e infrastructure network carrying packet telephone calls and TCP controlled file downloads, using enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA). We build upon the fixed point analysis and performance insights. When there are a certain number of nodes of each class contending for the channel (i.e., have nonempty queues), then their attempt probabilities are taken to be those obtained from saturation analysis for that number of nodes. Then we model the system queue dynamics at the network nodes. With the proposed heuristic, the system evolution at channel slot boundaries becomes a Markov renewal process, and regenerative analysis yields the desired performance measures. The results obtained from this approach match well with ns2 simulations. We find that, with the default IEEE 802.11e EDCA parameters for AC 1 and AC 3, the voice call capacity decreases if even one file download is initiated by some station. Subsequently, reducing the voice calls increases the file download capacity almost linearly (by 1/3 Mbps per voice call for the 11 Mbps PHY)
Air Pollution Exposure Assessment for Epidemiologic Studies of Pregnant Women and Children: Lessons Learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research

The National Children’s Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure assessment lessons learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research that may enhance the National Children’s Study: a) Selecting individual study subjects with a wide range of pollution exposure profiles maximizes spatial-scale exposure contrasts for key pollutants of study interest. b) In studies with large sample sizes, long duration, and diverse outcomes and exposures, exposure assessment efforts should rely on modeling to provide estimates for the entire cohort, supported by subject-derived questionnaire data. c) Assessment of some exposures of interest requires individual measurements of exposures using snapshots of personal and microenvironmental exposures over short periods and/or in selected microenvironments. d) Understanding issues of spatial–temporal correlations of air pollutants, the surrogacy of specific pollutants for components of the complex mixture, and the exposure misclassification inherent in exposure estimates is critical in analysis and interpretation. e) “Usual” temporal, spatial, and physical patterns of activity can be used as modifiers of the exposure/outcome relationships. f) Biomarkers of exposure are useful for evaluation of specific exposures that have multiple routes of exposure. If these lessons are applied, the National Children’s Study offers a unique opportunity to assess the adverse effects of air pollution on interrelated health outcomes during the critical early life period.
The latency, accuracy, and battery (LAB) abstraction: programmer productivity and energy efficiency for continuous mobile context sensing

Emerging mobile applications that sense context are poised to delight and entertain us with timely news and events, health tracking, and social connections. Unfortunately, sensing algorithms quickly drain the phone's battery. Developers can overcome battery drain by carefully optimizing context sensing but that makes programming with context arduous and ties applications to current sensing hardware. These types of applications embody a twist on the classic tension between programmer productivity and performance due to their combination of requirements. This paper identifies the latency, accuracy, battery (LAB) abstraction to resolve this tension. We implement and evaluate LAB in a system called Senergy. Developers specify their LAB requirements independent of inference algorithms and sensors. Senergy delivers energy efficient context while meeting the requirements and adapts as hardware changes. We demonstrate LAB's expressiveness by using it to implement 22 context sensing algorithms for four types of context (location, driving, walking, and stationary) and six diverse applications. To demonstrate LAB's energy optimizations, we show often an order of magnitude improvements in energy efficiency on applications compared to prior approaches. This relatively simple, priority based API, may serve as a blueprint for future API design in an increasingly complex design space that must tradeoff latency, accuracy, and efficiency to meet application needs and attain portability across evolving, sensor-rich, heterogeneous, and power constrained hardware.
Attenuation of acute inlammatory responses by surface nanotopography

The interaction between biology and non-viable surfaces is crucial for many organisms and cells. For example, bacterial cells need to adhere to mineral surfaces in the soil, plants climb and adhere to walls and marine organisms produce adhesives to cling to underwater rocks etc. In the human body, tissue needs to firmly adhere to the mineral surface of bone, but also to foreign materials when for example a biomaterial is implanted. The knowledge of how biology interacts with surfaces is hence important and interesting in many aspects. Within seconds after implantation of a biomaterial, proteins from the immune complement and coagulation systems adsorbs to the surface with possible adverse consequences for the patient. To overcome this, chemical surface modifications are readily employed. However, recently the significance of surface nanotopography for the adsorption of proteins, and attachment of cells have been acknowledged. To facilitate research on the interactions between biology and nanostructured substrates novel experimental surfaces with defined nanotopography and surface chemistry were developed. The surfaces are fabricated by binding gold nanoparticles to a gold surface, using a non-lithographic method and standard laboratory equipment. The surface chemistry was evaluated using XPS and ToF-SIMS. On these surfaces, the effect of surface nanotopography on the activation of the immune complement and activation of blood platelets was studied using QCM-D, SEM and fluorescence microscopy. It was found that although nanostructured surfaces adsorbed greater amount of serum proteins, activation of the immune complement was attenuated by surface nanotopography. A suggested mechanism is that the curvature of the nanoparticles prevents interaction between complement proteins. It was also found that blood platelets were activated to a lower degree on nanostructured surfaces and were sensitive to changes in nanoparticle size and inter-particle distance. These nanostructures surfaces can hopefully facilitate research on protein/cell interactions on nanostructured surfaces.
Dialectics, Evaluation, and Argument

A critical examination of the dialectical approach, focusing on a comparison ofthe illative and the dialectical definitions of argument. I distinguish a moderate, a strong and a hyper dialectical conception of argument. I critique Goldman's argument for the moderate conception and Johnson's argument for the strong conception, and argue that the moderate conception is correct.
An architecture based on IoT and CPS to organize and locate services

The fourth Industrial Revolution, also called Industry 4.0 (I4.0), has been increasing the expectation around productive systems. It is a new concept that has been changing the view and the value chain of enterprises. The I4.0 comprise the smart factory, bringing the emerging concepts of Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical system (CPS) into manufacturing processes in a way to enable the design and creation of smart products, procedures and processes. Although, this scenario needs more investigation by the research and development fields, especially for architectures to guide the I4.0 implementation, mainly because it is in an initial stage and requires a comprehensive understanding to become a consolidated environment. The overall aim of this research is the presentation of an architecture based on IoT and CPS focused on I4.0. The proposal is centered on a hierarchical organization of services to contribute to the communication between machines and products so that products can be automatically guided in the manufacturing processes.
Mutualistic interactions between vitamin B12 -dependent algae and heterotrophic bacteria exhibit regulation.

Many algae are auxotrophs for vitamin B(12) (cobalamin), which they need as a cofactor for B(12) -dependent methionine synthase (METH). Because only prokaryotes can synthesize the cobalamin, they must be the ultimate source of the vitamin. In the laboratory, a direct interaction between algae and heterotrophic bacteria has been shown, with bacteria supplying cobalamin in exchange for fixed carbon. Here we establish a system to study this interaction at the molecular level. In a culture of a B(12) -dependent green alga Chlamydomonas nivalis, we found a contaminating bacterium, identified by 16S rRNA analysis as Mesorhizobium sp. Using the sequenced strain of M. loti (MAFF303099), we found that it was able to support the growth of B(12) -dependent Lobomonas rostrata, another green alga, in return for fixed carbon. The two organisms form a stable equilibrium in terms of population numbers, which is maintained over many generations in semi-continuous culture, indicating a degree of regulation. However, addition of either vitamin B(12) or a carbon source for the bacteria perturbs the equilibrium, demonstrating that the symbiosis is mutualistic and facultative. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii does not require B(12) for growth because it encodes a B(12) -independent methionine synthase, METE, the gene for which is suppressed by addition of exogenous B(12) . Co-culturing C. reinhardtii with M. loti also results in reduction of METE expression, demonstrating that the bacterium can deliver the vitamin to this B(12) -independent alga. We discuss the implications of this for the widespread distribution of cobalamin auxotrophy in the algal kingdom.
Adoption Intention on Cloud Storage Services: the Role of Technology Trust, Privacy and Security Concerns

Cloud storage is getting increasing attention in the last few years. By moving data to locationtransparent centralized facilities or providers, cloud storage services offer significant economic advantages to consumers and enterprises. However, concerns have been raised regarding the duplication, dissemination, and deletion of data stored on the cloud. In addition, data leakage would be another major concern whether accidental or due to a malicious hacker attack. Thus, the formation of trust in technology is particularly essential for users to cope with the uncertainty of information privacy because users relinquish their ultimate control over the fate of their data. Trust in technology involves two major trusting mechanisms, namely cognitive trust and emotional trust. Cognitive trust, which is also known as trusting belief, refers to the users’ rational expectations that the technology under scrutiny will have the necessary attributes to rely on. Three features of cognitive trust have been considered as essential elements for cloud storage applications namely, openness, consent, and access. Meanwhile, emotional trust refers to users’ feeling of security and comfort to rely on the technology in use. It contains three different components, namely competence, relatedness, and autonomy. A model is proposed to depict the relationship between technology trust, perceived information privacy and security concerns. This research extends trust research on information privacy and information security concerns and enrich existing literature on the formation of trust. The results of this research could provide specific technology traits that vendors can adopt in to build up users’ trust in the technology.
Highly sensitive temperature sensor based on D-shaped microfiber with high birefringence

A high sensitive temperature sensor based on D-shaped microfiber with high birefringence is proposed and demonstrated. In order to obtain D-shaped microfiber, we polish a single mode fiber (SMF) and then taper down the polished region into micrometer size. By utilizing Sagnac loop interferometer, we achieve high refractive index (RI) sensitivity of 9951nm/RIU. Further, we realize temperature detection assisted by sucrose solution with high thermo-optic coefficient. Experimental results demonstrate high temperature sensitivity up to -0.98921nm/°C within the range of 22°C-60°C. The sensor is featured with high sensitivity, compact structure and easy fabrication.
Psychology Research and Behavior Management Dovepress Workplace Violence in Different Settings and among Various Health Professionals in an Italian General Hospital: a Cross-sectional Study

you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Background: Workplace violence (WPV) against health professionals is a global problem with an increasing incidence. The aims of this study were as follows: 1) to examine the frequency and characteristics of WPV in different settings and professionals of a general hospital and 2) to identify the clinical and organizational factors related to this phenomenon. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. In a 1-month period, we administered the " Violent Incident Form " to 745 professionals (physicians, head nurses, nurses, nursing assistants), who worked in 15 wards of a general hospital in northern Italy. Results: With a response rate of 56%, 45% of professionals reported WPV. The most frequently assaulted were nurses (67%), followed by nursing assistants (18%) and physicians (12%). The first two categories were correlated, in a statistically significant way, with the risk of WPV (P=0.005, P=0.004, multiple logistic regression). The violent incidents more frequently occurred in psychiatry department (86%), emergency department (71%), and in geriatric wards (57%). The assailants more frequently were males whereas assaulted professionals more often were females. Men committed physical violence more frequently than women, in a statistically significant way (P=0.034, chi-squared test). Verbal violence (51%) was often committed by people in a lucid and normal state of consciousness; physical violence (49%) was most often perpetrated by assailants affected by dementia, mental retardation, drug and substance abuse, or other psychiatric disorders. The variables positively related to WPV were " calling for help during the attack " and " physical injuries suffered in violent attack " (P=0.02, P=0.03, multiple logistic regression). Conclusion: This study suggests that violence is a significant phenomenon and that all health workers, especially nurses, are at risk of suffering aggressive assaults. WPV presented specific characteristics related to the health care settings, where the aggression occurred. Prevention programs tailored to the different care needs are necessary to promote professional awareness for violence risk.