Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovation in Australian Trade Unions

Building on the study of innovation in American national unions, this article specifies and tests a model of the determinants of innovation in Australian trade unions. The results generally support the principal Delaney, Jarley, and Fiorito (1996) finding that the degree of union innovative activity is positively associated with rationalization and size - an indicator of resource availability. Several contrasts between the Australian and American findings are also noted and discussed.
Tourism, real output and real effective exchange rate in Malaysia: a view from rolling sub-samples

The objective of this study is to examine the tourism-growth nexus for Malaysia with the cointegration and Granger causality tests. This study covers the monthly data from January 1989 to May 2010. The Johansen’s cointegration and the residuals-based test for cointegration with regime shift consistently suggest that tourist arrivals, real output, and real effective exchange rate in Malaysia are cointegrated. In terms of Granger causality, this study finds different sources of causality. In the short run, real output and real effective exchange rate Granger-cause tourist arrivals, while tourists arrivals also Granger-cause real output and real effective exchange rate. In the long run, this study shows that all the variables are bi-directional causality. Moreover, we also extend the study to analyse the stability of causality between tourism and real output by using rolling regression procedure into the Granger causality test. Interestingly, the rolling Granger causality test demonstrates that the growth-led tourism hypothesis is valid and stable, while tourism-led growth hypothesis is valid and but unstable in particular after 2005. Although tourism contributes to economic growth, it is not a persistence source for long-term economic growth in Malaysia.
Análisis de los dominios ético, legal y económico de la responsabilidad social empresarial: un caso empresarial

The tendency of organizations is to achieve positioning and legitimacy through strategies of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This article focuses on the analysis of CSR practices and it seeks, through a business case, to define a method to examine the benefits of its application in society and in organi- zations. From the proposal of Schwartz (2011) on the domains of corporate social responsibility, where the ethical, economic, and legal dimensions of philanthropic organizations converge, financial reports and social balances of a company, were studied, where we identified, financial, ethical, and tax variables which allowed us to establish the orientation and balance between social responsibility practices and corporate image.
Compensation Consultants and CEO Pay: UK Evidence

This paper provides new evidence on the effect of compensation consultants on CEO pay. We show that the use of a compensation consultant has an increasing effect on the level of total CEO compensation, which is consistent with the “ratcheting up” effect of consultants on CEO pay argued by the managerial power approach. However, we also find that this influence on pay levels mainly stems from an increase in equity based compensation. In contrast, we report a negative influence of consultants on basic (cash) pay.We also show that economic determinants, rather than CEO power, explain the decision to hire compensation consultants. The results are robust to several model specifications, different controls for firm and governance characteristics and tests for selection bias. Overall, we offer new evidence suggesting that pay consultants contribute to the solution of the executive pay determination problem and are not part of the problem; our results cast doubts on the conclusions of the managerial power approach regarding the role of compensation consultants.
Two-Sex Demographic Models

Classical stable population theory, the standard model of population age structure and growth, is ill suited to addressing many issues that concern economists and demographers because it is a "one-sex" theory. This paper investigates the existence, uniqueness, and dynamic stability of equilibrium in the birth matrix-mating rule (BMMR) model, a new model of age structure and growth for two-sex, monogamously mating, populations. The paper shows, by means of examples, that the BMMR model can have multiple nontrivial equilibria and establishes sufficient conditions for uniqueness. It generalizes a theorem of W. Brian Arthur to nonlinear systems and uses it to establish sufficient conditions for local dynamic stability.
Supporting Independent Film Production through Tourism Collaboration

This article explores the linkages between the film and tourism industries and the potential for the tourist industry to provide support for film production. The aim was to produce recommendations of benefit to both industries concerning methods of strategic development of tourism marketing, linked with independent film production, creating alliances between these industries. The study uses a case study of the NRS group, an independent film production company based in Canberra. The data obtained revealed that tourism bodies can render practical assistance to film production and benefit in return from the exposure gained, particularly from planned publicity. Collaboration and even formal partnerships benefit both industries.
Evaluation of computerized decision support for oral anticoagulation management based in primary care.

BACKGROUND Increasing indications for oral anticoagulation has led to pressure on general practices to undertake therapeutic monitoring. Computerized decision support (DSS) has been shown to be effective in hospitals for improving clinical management. Its usefulness in primary care has previously not been investigated. AIM To test the effectiveness of using DSS for oral anticoagulation monitoring in primary care by measuring the proportions of patients adequately controlled, defined as within the appropriate therapeutic range of International Normalised Ratio (INR). METHOD All patients receiving warfarin from two Birmingham inner city general practices were invited to attend a practice-based anticoagulation clinic. In practice A all patients were managed using DSS. In practice B patients were randomized to receive dosing advice either through DSS or through the local hospital laboratory. Clinical outcomes, adverse events and patient acceptability were recorded. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were seen in total. There were significant improvements in INR control from 23% to 86% (P > 0.001) in the practice where all patients received dosing through DSS. In the practice where patients were randomized to either DSS or hospital dosing, logistic regression showed a significant trend for improvement in intervention patients which was not apparent in the hospital-dosed patients (P < 0.001). Mean recall times were significantly extended in patients who were dosed by the practice DSS through the full 12 months (24 days to 36 days) (P = 0.033). Adverse events were comparable between hospital and practice-dosed patients, although a number of esoteric events occurred. Patient satisfaction with the practice clinics was high. CONCLUSION Computerized DSS enables the safe and effective transfer of anticoagulation management from hospital to primary care and may result in improved patient outcome in terms of the level of control, frequency of review and general acceptability.
Expression of Antisense to DNA Methyltransferase mRNA Induces DNA Demethylation and Inhibits Tumorigenesis (*)

Many tumor cell lines overexpress DNA methyltransferase (MeTase) activity; however it is still unclear whether this increase in DNA MeTase activity plays a causal role in naturally occurring tumors and cell lines, whether it is critical for the maintenance of transformed phenotypes, and whether inhibition of the DNA MeTase in tumor cells can reverse transformation. To address these basic questions, we transfected a murine adrenocortical tumor cell line Y1 with a chimeric construct expressing 600 base pairs from the 5′ of the DNA MeTase cDNA in the antisense orientation. The antisense transfectants show DNA demethylation, distinct morphological alterations, are inhibited in their ability to grow in an anchorage- independent manner, and exhibit decreased tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice. Ex vivo, cells expressing the antisense construct show increased serum requirements, decreased rate of growth, and induction of an apoptotic death program upon serum deprivation. 5-Azadeoxycytidine-treated cells exhibit a similar dose-dependent reversal of the transformed phenotype. These results support the hypothesis that the DNA MeTase is actively involved in oncogenic transformation.
MITF-High and MITF-Low Cells and a Novel Subpopulation Expressing Genes of Both Cell States Contribute to Intra- and Intertumoral Heterogeneity of Primary Melanoma

Purpose: Understanding tumor heterogeneity is an important challenge in current cancer research. Transcription and epigenetic profiling of cultured melanoma cells have defined at least two distinct cell phenotypes characterized by distinctive gene expression signatures associated with high or low/absent expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Nevertheless, heterogeneity of cell populations and gene expression in primary human tumors is much less well characterized. Experimental Design: We performed single-cell gene expression analyses on 472 cells isolated from needle biopsies of 5 primary human melanomas, 4 superficial spreading, and one acral melanoma. The expression of MITF-high and MITF-low signature genes was assessed and compared to investigate intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity and correlated gene expression profiles. Results: Single-cell gene expression analyses revealed varying degrees of intra- and intertumor heterogeneity conferred by the variable expression of distinct sets of genes in different tumors. Expression of MITF partially correlated with that of its known target genes, while SOX10 expression correlated best with PAX3 and ZEB2. Nevertheless, cells simultaneously expressing MITF-high and MITF-low signature genes were observed both by single-cell analyses and RNAscope. Conclusions: Single-cell analyses can be performed on limiting numbers of cells from primary human melanomas revealing their heterogeneity. Although tumors comprised variable proportions of cells with the MITF-high and MITF-low gene expression signatures characteristic of melanoma cultures, primary tumors also comprised cells expressing markers of both signatures defining a novel cell state in tumors in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 7097–107. ©2017 AACR.
The Attitudes to Back Pain Scale in Musculoskeletal Practitioners (ABS-mp): The Development and Testing of a New Questionnaire

ObjectivesLittle is known about practitioners' beliefs and attitudes to the treatment of low back pain, and whether these influence their clinical decisions, intervention strategies, and patient-centered outcomes. This study aimed to develop, test, and explore the underlying dimensions of a new questionnaire, the Attitudes to Back Pain Scale (ABS), in a specific group of clinicians, practitioners who specialize in musculoskeletal therapy. MethodsItems for the draft questionnaire were derived from interviews with practitioners (chiropractors, osteopaths, and physiotherapists). The draft questionnaire (52 items) sought to assess practitioners' attitudes concerning role and self-image plus their beliefs about treatment goals and prognosis of low back pain. The questionnaire was sent to a random selection of 300 practitioners from each professional group, and 546 (61%) responded. Split-sample analyses were performed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. ResultsSeparate exploratory analyses were done for attitudes concerned with personal interaction (34 items) and attitudes about treatment orientation (18 items), producing six domains: limitations on sessions, psychologic, connection to health care system, confidence and concern, reactivation, and biomedical. Confirmatory analyses indicated that the model tested presented a good fit. Validity interviews revealed high agreement of categorization and low levels of difficulty in categorizing the items. ConclusionsThe internal structure of the new questionnaire not only shows excellent psychometric properties and good face validity, but also has the added advantage of being developed with a specific clinical context in mind. Additional evaluation is required to fully describe the psychometric integrity of this instrument.
At the heart of the ventral attention system: The right anterior insula

The anterior insula has been hypothesized to provide a link between attention‐related problem solving and salience systems during the coordination and evaluation of task performance. Here, we test the hypothesis that the anterior insula/medial frontal operculum (aI/fO) provides linkage across systems supporting task demands and attention systems by examining the patterns of functional connectivity during word recognition and spatial attention functional imaging tasks. A shared set of frontal regions (right aI/fO, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral anterior cingulate) were engaged, regardless of perceptual domain (auditory or visual) or mode of response (word production or button press). We present novel evidence that: (1) the right aI/fO is functionally connected with other frontal regions implicated in executive function and not just brain regions responsive to stimulus salience; and (2) that the aI/fO, but not the ACC, exhibits significantly correlated activity with other brain regions specifically engaged by tasks with varying perceptual and behavioral demands. These results support the hypothesis that the right aI/fO aids in the coordination and evaluation of task performance across behavioral tasks with varying perceptual and response demands. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of enamel preparation method on in vitro marginal microleakage of a flowable composite used as pit and fissure sealant.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage in occlusal surfaces, after preparation with Er:YAG laser and compared to the diamond-bur conventional technique. METHODS Thirty premolars were divided into three groups: I - high-speed handpiece + 37% phosphoric acid; II - Er:YAG laser (350 mJ, 4 Hz and 112 J/cm(2)) + 37% phosphoric acid; and III - Er:YAG laser (350 mJ, 4 Hz and 112 J/cm(2)) + Er:YAG laser (80 mJ, 4 Hz, and 25 mJ/cm(2)). All cavities received the same adhesive system and were restored with flowable composite according to manufacturer's instructions. Teeth were submitted to thermal cycling and immersed in 50% silver nitrate solutions for 8 h in total darkness. Specimens were sectioned longitudinally in the bucco-lingual direction, in slices of 1 mm thick. Each slice was immersed into photo developing solution and was photographed, and microleakage was scored from 0 to 7, by three calibrated examiners. RESULTS A statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) was observed between Er:YAG laser prepared and etched specimens and those in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that no significant difference was noted between the two types of enamel preparation when etching was performed. Preparing and treating the enamel surface exclusively by Er:YAG laser resulted in the highest degree of leakage.
Factors influencing adoption of NVQs in small hospitality businesses

Against a background of the potential suitability, yet limited adoption, of National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) in small hospitality businesses, reports the findings and conclusions of a study of five small businesses in the hospitality industry which had adopted NVQs. Discusses the preconditions, processes, outcomes, problems and issues associated with NVQ adoption and implementation. Suggests that success is more likely where there is an existing training culture and infrastructure; where on‐job training is positive, supportive and monitored; and there is a senior management NVQ “champion” and an enthusiastic team of in‐house trainers and potential assessors. Shows NVQs to give a sharper focus to training activity; improve candidates’ perceived job satisfaction, morale and career prospects; enhance work flexibility and performance; and to have a perceived, if difficult to measure, pay‐off in terms of business performance. Proposes that the potential contribution of NVQs to training and human resource management in small hospitality businesses is considerable.
The role of diet and nutritional supplements in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease

Purpose of review Healthy lifestyle practices play a key role in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease, and central to such strategy is a recommended dietary pattern. Current Dietary Guidelines from the US Department of Agriculture and the American Heart Association advocate a food-based diet for optimal health and prevention of chronic disease. Considerable research has focused on implementing these guidelines for maximal cardiovascular risk reduction, and this review will discuss the role of specific dietary strategies and select nutrition supplements in achieving this goal. Recent findings Food-based guidelines are reflected in specific dietary approaches to improve cardiovascular risk factors, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet and Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, which have shown to effectively benefit hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. These diets, therefore, significantly reduce coronary heart disease risk. Although such dietary approaches ensure that nutrient requirements are met through foods, nutrition supplement use in the United States is at an all time high. Summary The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet and Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet are effective in decreasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk, and such dietary strategies are endorsed by many organizations, including the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. In contrast, although some dietary supplements, such as fish oil and niacin, have shown promising cardiovascular effects, justifying their widespread use in clinical practice for some patients, there is insufficient evidence for others. Clinicians should carefully evaluate the claims made for new diet therapies, supplements, or both when counseling at-risk individuals.
An Efficient Location Based QoS Prediction Mechanism for Web Services

Nowadays, the process of service computing is achieving the momentum through an enhanced paradigm for several type of organization for delivering the functionalities. The orchestrations and the web services are doing consideration about the infrastructure for managing the process of business and activity workflow with web infrastructure. In this paper, novel techniques have been used like enhanced Collaborative filtering technique and content based clustering. The clustering technique provides the clustered mechanism within the several groups of the combined user and service. The result of the clustering is being combined based on the global matrix. The user is a subjective component for the web services like user query, feedback and etc, and the services are an objective component like throughput, response time etc. The combination of the subjective and objective component is producing a better and enhanced output operation over the net based user query. Supported the evaluating theme, the collaborative filtering is for the large scale Quality of Web Services. Commonly, the prediction of web services QoS was being filtered by this technique. The collaborative filtering technique is content based measurement for the web services and user and it consider the combined profile of the services and user with the user rating about the services. Prediction which is automatic is also being described by the collaborative filtering technique that is based on the particular user profile and 1142 Viswakarthick J. and Prince Mary S. their rating. These both combine technique could improve the QoS prediction performance.
Leveraging Features from Background and Salient Regions for Automatic Image Annotation

In this era of information explosion, automating the annotation process of digital images is a crucial step towards efficient and effective management of this increasingly high volume of content. However, this still is a highly challenging task for the research community. One of the main bottlenecks is the lack of integrity and diversity of features. We propose to solve this problem by utilizing 43 image features that cover the holistic content of the image from global to subject, background and scene. In our approach, salient regions and the background are separated without prior knowledge. Each of them together with the whole image are treated independently for feature extraction. Extensive experiments were designed to show the efficiency and the effectiveness of our approach. We chose two publicly available datasets manually annotated with diverse nature of images for our experiments, namely, the Corel5K and ESP Game datasets. We confirm the superior performance of our approach over the use of a single whole image using sign test with p-value < 0.05. Furthermore, our combined feature set gives satisfactory performance compared to recently proposed approaches especially in terms of generalization even with just a simple combination. We also obtain a better performance with the same feature set versus the grid-based approach. More importantly, when using our features with the state-of-the-art technique, our results show higher performance in a variety of standard metrics.
Contrasting roles of leukemia inhibitory factor in murine bone development and remodeling involve region‐specific changes in vascularization

We describe here distinct functions of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in bone development/growth and adult skeletal homeostasis. In the growth plate and developing neonate bones, LIF deficiency enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, enlarged blood vessel formation, and increased the formation of “giant” osteoclasts/chondroclasts that rapidly destroyed the mineralized regions of the growth plate and developing neonatal bone. Below this region, osteoblasts formed large quantities of woven bone. In contrast, in adult bone undergoing remodeling osteoclast formation was unaffected by LIF deficiency, whereas osteoblast formation and function were both significantly impaired, resulting in osteopenia. Consistent with LIF promoting osteoblast commitment, enhanced marrow adipocyte formation was also observed in adult LIF null mice, and adipocytic differentiation of murine stromal cells was delayed by LIF treatment. LIF, therefore, controls vascular size and osteoclast differentiation during the transition of cartilage to bone, whereas an anatomically separate LIF‐dependent pathway regulates osteoblast and adipocyte commitment in bone remodeling. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
A Novel Interfacing Solution to Make IKEv2 Work in MIPv6 Environment

In IETF, mobile IPv6 signaling and data must be protected by IP security association, while IKEv2 is recommended to make dynamical IPSec security association maintenance. But when mobile node bootstrapped in foreign net work or handover to a new network, IKEv2 cannot get information about MIPv6 to negotiate right IP security associations, which will incur bootstrap failure and long handover delay. In this paper, a novel solution is proposed to interface IKEv2 and MIPv6 for information sharing and mobility detection. In according with our evaluation result, this solution could solve bootstrap problem and reduce the handover delay greatly.