Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Q-A: Towards the Solution of Usability-Security Tension in User Authentication

Users often choose passwords that are easy to remember but also easy to guess by attackers. Recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of textual passwords to shoulder surfing and keystroke loggers. It remains a critical challenge in password research to develop an authentication scheme that addresses these security issues, in addition to offering good memorability. Motivated by psychology research on humans' cognitive strengths and weaknesses, we explore the potential of cognitive questions as a way to address the major challenges in user authentication. We design, implement, and evaluate Q-A, a novel cognitive-question-based password system that requires a user to enter the letter at a given position in her answer for each of six personal questions (e.g. "What is the name of your favorite childhood teacher? "). In this scheme, the user does not need to memorize new, artificial information as her authentication secret. Our scheme offers 28 bits of theoretical password space, which has been found sufficient to prevent online brute-force attacks. Q-A is also robust against shoulder surfing and keystroke loggers. We conducted a multi-session in-lab user study to evaluate the usability of Q-A; 100% of users were able to remember their Q-A password over the span of one week, although login times were high. We compared our scheme with random six character passwords and found that login success rate in Q-A was significantly higher. Based on our results, we suggest that Q-A would be most appropriate in contexts that demand high security and where logins occur infrequently (e.g., online bank accounts).
A verification system for interval-based specification languages

Interval-based specification languages have been used to formally model and rigorously reason about real-time computing systems. This usually involves logical reasoning and mathematical computation with respect to continuous or discrete time. When these systems are complex, analyzing their models by hand becomes error-prone and difficult. In this article, we develop a verification system to facilitate the formal analysis of interval-based specification languages with machine-assisted proof support. The verification system is developed using a generic theorem prover, Prototype Verification System (PVS). Our system elaborately encodes a highly expressive set-based notation, Timed Interval Calculus (TIC), and can rigorously carry out the verification of TIC models at an interval level. We validated all TIC reasoning rules and discovered subtle flaws in the original rules. We also apply TIC to model Duration Calculus (DC), which is a popular interval-based specification language, and thus expand the capacity of the verification system. We can check the correctness of DC axioms, and execute DC proofs in a manner similar to the corresponding pencil-and-paper DC arguments.
Expression of the transcription factor Xvent-2 in Xenopus laevis embryogenesis *

Till now the transcription factor Xvent-2 has been studied in Xenopus embryos only by the mRNA testing. We use immunochemical methods for testing of the Xvent-2 protein and gradient-centrifugation methods for estimation of activity of its mRNA. Our results show that the Xvent-2 protein is present in eggs and early embryos. The Xvent-2 mRNA is absent at any of these developmental stages. The majority of mRNA synthesized on the zygotic genome was stored in informosomes, while only its small part could be revealed in polysomes. The spatial patterning of the Xvent-2 protein at different developmental stages did not entirely agree with that of its mRNA. These data indicate that the Xvent-2 protein functioning in Xenopu embryos is regulated not only at the transcription, but at translation and posttranslation as well. We propose that the activation of translation on the masked Xvent-2 mRNA may lead to blood differentiation and cell migration.
Performance evaluation of inter-cell interference coordination and cell range expansion in heterogeneous networks for LTE-Advanced downlink

In Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced, heterogeneous networks where femtocells and picocells are overlaid onto macrocells are extensively discussed in addition to traditional well-planned macrocell deployment to improve further the system throughput. In heterogeneous network deployment, combined usage of inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) and cell range expansion (CRE) is very effective in improving the system and cell-edge throughput. In this combined usage, the fraction of the sets of user equipment (UEs) connected to the picocells, which are controlled through CRE, and that connected to macrocells affect the gain from the ICIC. Therefore, this paper evaluates the performance of ICIC and CRE in picocell deployments in the LTE-Advanced downlink. Simulation results (4 picocells and 30 UEs are located within 1 macrocell) assuming a full buffer model show that when the CRE offset value is set between 8 to 20 dB, almost the same user throughput performance is obtained by allocating the appropriate resources to protect UEs that connect to the picocells.
Characterization of the Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on the Biochemical and Optical Properties of the Bovine Lens.

PURPOSE To assess the morphologic, biochemical, and optical properties of bovine lenses treated with hyperbaric oxygen. METHODS Lenses were exposed to hyperbaric nitrogen (HBN) or hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for 5 or 15 hours, lens transparency was assessed using bright field microscopy and lens morphology was visualized using confocal microscopy. Lenses were dissected into the outer cortex, inner cortex, and core, and glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) measured. Gel electrophoresis and Western blotting were used to detect high molecular weight aggregates (HMW) and glutathione mixed protein disulfides (PSSG). T2-weighted MRI was used to measure lens geometry and map the water/protein ratio to allow gradient refractive index (GRIN) profiles to be calculated. Optical modeling software calculated the change in lens optical power, and an anatomically correct model of the light pathway of the bovine eye was used to determine the effects of HBN and HBO on focal length and overall image quality. RESULTS Lenses were transparent and lens morphology similar between HBN- and HBO-treated lenses. At 5- and 15-hour HBO exposure, GSH and GSSG were depleted and MDA increased in the core. Glutathione mixed protein disulfides were detected in the outer and inner cortex only with no appearance of HMW. Optical changes were detectable only with 15-hour HBO treatment with a decrease in the refractive index of the core, slightly reduced lens thickness, and an increase in optimal focal length, consistent with a hyperopic shift. CONCLUSIONS This system may serve as a model to study changes that occur with advanced aging rather than nuclear cataract formation per se.
Postoperative Multimodal Analgesia Pain Management With Nonopioid Analgesics and Techniques: A Review

Importance Amid the current opioid epidemic in the United States, the enhanced recovery after surgery pathway (ERAS) has emerged as one of the best strategies to improve the value and quality of surgical care and has been increasingly adopted for a broad range of complex surgical procedures. The goal of this article was to outline important components of opioid-sparing analgesic regimens. Observations Regional analgesia, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, gabapentinoids, tramadol, lidocaine, and/or the N-methyl-D-aspartate class of glutamate receptor antagonists have been shown to be effective adjuncts to narcotic analgesia. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are not associated with an increase in postoperative bleeding. A meta-analysis of 27 randomized clinical trials found no difference in postoperative bleeding between the groups taking ketorolac tromethamine (33 of 1304 patients [2.5%]) and the control groups (21 of 1010 [2.1%]) (odds ratio [OR], 1.1; 95% CI, 0.61-2.06; P = .72). After adoption of the multimodal analgesia approach for a colorectal ERAS pathway, most patients used less opioids while in the hospital and many did not need opioids after hospital discharge, although approximately 50% of patients received some opioid during their stay. Conclusions and Relevance Multimodal analgesia is readily available and the evidence is strong to support its efficacy. Surgeons should use this effective approach for patients both using and not using the ERAS pathway to reduce opioid consumption.
Sequential spectral analysis of 24-hour blood pressure and pulse interval in humans.

Blood pressure and pulse interval are characterized not only by erratic variations but also by rhythmic fluctuations at low-, mid-, and high-frequency (0.025-0.07, 0.07-0.14, and 0.14-0.35 Hz, respectively). However, information on these phenomena has largely been derived from analysis of short-term recordings taken in standardized laboratory conditions. In seven normotensive and 10 untreated mild essential hypertensive subjects, power spectrum analysis was performed on the intra-arterial blood pressure and pulse interval signal collected over a 24-hour period using the fast Fourier transform algorithm and splitting the recording into contiguous segments of 256 beats. About 70% of the segments were suitable for the analysis; the segments excluded for a nonstationary signal amounted to only 30%. All powers were characterized by a high segment-to-segment variability, but in each subject the mid- and high-frequency powers of diastolic blood pressure and the mid-frequency power of systolic blood pressure were markedly reduced during the night as compared with the daytime period, whereas the opposite occurred for the low- and high-frequency powers of the pulse interval. Over the 24-hour period, mid- and high-frequency powers of blood pressure were positively correlated to each other, but both accounted for less than 25% of the 24-hour blood pressure variance. No difference between mean normalized power values of normotensive and hypertensive subjects was observed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Activation of logic encrypted chips: Pre-test or post-test?

Logic encryption has been a popular defense against Intellectual Property (IP) piracy, hardware Trojans, reverse engineering, and IC overproduction. It protects a design from these threats by inserting key-gates that break the functionality when controlled by wrong keys. Researchers have taken multiple attempts in breaking logic encryption and leaking its secret key, while they also proposed difficult-to-break logic encryption techniques. Mainly, state-of-the-art logic encryption techniques pursue two different models that differ in when the manufactured chips are activated by loading the secret key on the chip's memory: activation prior to manufacturing test (pre-test) versus subsequent to manufacturing test (post-test). In this paper, we shed light on the interaction between manufacturing test and logic encryption. We assess and compare the pre-test and post-test activation models not only in terms of the impact of logic encryption on test parameters such as fault coverage, test pattern count and test power consumption, but also in terms of the impact of manufacturing test on the security of logic encryption. We outline a test data mining attack that can successfully determine the logic encryption key of a pre-test activated chip by utilizing the test data.
EMG-Normalised Kinase Activation during Exercise Is Higher in Human Gastrocnemius Compared to Soleus Muscle

In mice, certain proteins show a highly confined expression in specific muscle groups. Also, resting and exercise/contraction-induced phosphorylation responses are higher in rat skeletal muscle with low mitochondrial content compared to muscles with high mitochondrial content, possibly related to differential reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability or resting glycogen content. To evaluate these parameters in humans, biopsies from soleus, gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscles were taken before and after a 45 min inclined (15%) walking exercise bout at 69% VO2max aimed at simultaneously activating soleus and gastrocnemius in a comparable dynamic work-pattern. Hexokinase II and GLUT4 were 46–59% and 26–38% higher (p<0.05) in soleus compared to the two other muscles. The type I muscle fiber percentage was highest in soleus and lowest in vastus lateralis. No differences were found in protein expression of signalling proteins (AMPK subunits, eEF2, ERK1/2, TBC1D1 and 4), mitochondrial markers (F1 ATPase and COX1) or ROS-handling enzymes (SOD2 and catalase). Gastrocnemius was less active than soleus measured as EMG signal and glycogen use yet gastrocnemius displayed larger increases than soleus in phosphorylation of AMPK Thr172, eEF2 Thr56 and ERK 1/2 Thr202/Tyr204 when normalised to the mean relative EMG-signal. In conclusion, proteins with muscle-group restricted expression in mice do not show this pattern in human lower extremity muscle groups. Nonetheless the phosphorylation-response is greater for a number of kinase signalling pathways in human gastrocnemius than soleus at a given activation-intensity. This may be due to the combined subtle effects of a higher type I muscle fiber content and higher training status in soleus compared to gastrocnemius muscle.
A Survey on Interference Networks: Interference Alignment and Neutralization

In recent years, there has been rapid progress on understanding Gaussian networks with multiple unicast connections, and new coding techniques have emerged. The essence of multi-source networks is how to efficiently manage interference that arises from the transmission of other sessions. Classically, interference is removed by orthogonalization (in time or frequency). This means that the rate per session drops inversely proportional to the number of sessions, suggesting that interference is a strong limiting factor in such networks. However, recently discovered interference management techniques have led to a paradigm shift that interference might not be quite as detrimental after all. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of these new coding techniques as they apply to the case of time-varying Gaussian networks with multiple unicast connections. Specifically, we review interference alignment and ergodic interference alignment for multi-source single-hop networks and interference neutralization and ergodic interference neutralization for multi-source multi-hop networks. We mainly focus on the “degrees of freedom” perspective and also discuss an approximate capacity characterization.
Mining Name Translations from Entity Graph Mapping

This paper studies the problem of mining entity translation, specifically, mining English and Chinese name pairs. Existing efforts can be categorized into (a) a transliteration-based approach leveraging phonetic similarity and (b) a corpus-based approach exploiting bilingual co-occurrences, each of which suffers from inaccuracy and scarcity respectively. In clear contrast, we use unleveraged resources of monolingual entity co-occurrences, crawled from entity search engines, represented as two entity-relationship graphs extracted from two language corpora respectively. Our problem is then abstracted as finding correct mappings across two graphs. To achieve this goal, we propose a holistic approach, of exploiting both transliteration similarity and monolingual co-occurrences. This approach, building upon monolingual corpora, complements existing corpus-based work, requiring scarce resources of parallel or comparable corpus, while significantly boosting the accuracy of transliteration-based work. We validate our proposed system using real-life datasets.
Retracted: Inhibition of heat shock protein‐90 modulates multiple functions required for survival of human T‐cell leukemia virus type I‐infected T‐cell lines and adult T‐cell leukemia cells

Retraction: The following article has been retracted through agreement between the first author and several coauthors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Peter Lichter, and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Kawakami H, Tomita M, Okudaira T, Ishikawa C, Matsuda T, Tanaka Y, Nakazato T, Taira N, Ohshiro K, Mori N. (2007). Inhibition of heat shock protein‐90 modulates multiple functions required for survival of human T‐cell leukemia virus type I‐infected T‐cell lines and adult T‐cell leukemia cells. Int J Cancer; 120 (April (8)): 1811‐1820, published online on 17 JAN 2007 in Wiley Online Library (www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com). After an investigation the retraction has been agreed due to inappropriate duplication of images and overlap with other published work.
Bag-of-Concepts Document Representation for Textual News Classification

Automatic classification of news articles is a relevant problem due to the large amount of news generated every day, so it is crucial that these news are classified to allow for users to access to information of interest quickly and effectively. Traditional classification systems represent documents as bag-of-words (BoW), which are oblivious to two problems of language: synonymy and polysemy. This paper shows the advantages of using a bag-of-concepts (BoC) representation of documents, which tackles synonymy and polysemy, in text news classification – using a Support Vector Machines algorithm. In order to create BoC representations, a Wikipedia-based semantic annotator is used. To evaluate the proposal we used a purpose-built corpus and the Reuters 21578 corpus. Results show that the efficiency of the BoC approach is very dependent on the performance of the semantic annotator in extracting concepts, which depends heavily on the characteristics of particular corpora, reaching performance increases up to 29.65%.
RIM : Combining Tree and Linear Structures to Support Awareness in Group Chat First

Conventional Instant Messaging (IM) applications and chat tools are inefficient in facilitating a conversation of a small group discussing several topics simultaneously. This paper presents an innovative IM system, Relaxed Instant Messenger (RIM), that combines a tree layout with a linear layout to support group chat. A tree layout is used to organize chat messages in a structural order, while a linear layout supports the flow and focal point of the conversation. RIM eases the procedure of posting messages by defining an Utterance Rule-based Principle (URP) which detects automatically the location of a new message in the tree. RIM utilizes colors to code different topics of a conversation and to coherently connect messages in a tree and a linear view. A user test of RIM shows that RIM was useful in structuring group chat, supporting the control of turn-taking, and assisting users in posting answers to questions. Providing a linear layout was found useful to some extent in supporting the focal point of a conversation. URP was also found statistically useful in automatically positioning new messages.
Conserved Residues of Human XPG Protein Important for Nuclease Activity and Function in Nucleotide Excision Repair*

The human XPG endonuclease cuts on the 3′ side of a DNA lesion during nucleotide excision repair. Mutations in XPG can lead to the disorders xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Cockayne syndrome. XPG shares sequence similarities in two regions with a family of structure-specific nucleases and exonucleases. To begin defining its catalytic mechanism, we changed highly conserved residues and determined the effects on the endonuclease activity of isolated XPG, its function in open complex formation and dual incision reconstituted with purified proteins, and its ability to restore cellular resistance to UV light. The substitution A792V present in two XP complementation group G (XP-G) individuals reduced but did not abolish endonuclease activity, explaining their mild clinical phenotype. Isolated XPG proteins with Asp-77 or Glu-791 substitutions did not cleave DNA. In the reconstituted repair system, alanine substitutions at these positions permitted open complex formation but were inactive for 3′ cleavage, whereas D77E and E791D proteins retained considerable activity. The function of each mutant protein in the reconstituted system was mirrored by its ability to restore UV resistance to XP-G cell lines. Hydrodynamic measurements indicated that XPG exists as a monomer in high salt conditions, but immunoprecipitation of intact and truncated XPG proteins showed that XPG polypeptides can interact with each other, suggesting dimerization as an element of XPG function. The mutation results define critical residues in the catalytic center of XPG and strongly suggest that key features of the strand cleavage mechanism and active site structure are shared by members of the nuclease family.
Stepwise Lineage Restriction of Progenitors in Lympho-Myelopoiesis

It has long been controversial whether hematopoiesis progresses through ordered stages of determination as in embryonic development. This is due to the absence of a methodology capable of exactly determining the developmental potential of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The multilineage progenitor (MLP) assay enabled us to discriminate among seven types of hematopoietic progenitors, which are multipotent progenitor p-MTB (capable of generating myeloid, T and B cells), biotin progenitors p-MT, p-MB and p-TB, and unipotent progenitors p-M, p-T and p-B. Among these seven types, the p-TB type progenitor was found to be absent. These findings indicate that the process of lineage commitment proceeds through an ordered but not random process. By extending the area of investigation to include the erythroid lineage, more convincing evidence for the ordered process was obtained. Detailed and exact illustration of the process of hematopoiesis will provide an opportunity to revive hematopoiesis as one of the most fascinating targets of research in developmental biology.
An automated face reader for fatigue detection

An automated system for facial expression recognition is always desirable. However, it is a challenging issue due to the richness and ambiguities with daily facial expressions. This paper presents an efficient approach to recognition of facial expressions of interest. By integrating dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) with the general facial expression language (FACS), a task-oriented stochastic and temporal framework is constructed to systematically represent and recognize facial expressions. Based on the DBN, analysis results from previous periods and prior knowledge of the application domain can be integrated both spatially and temporally. With the top-down inference, the system can make dynamic and active selection among multiple sensing channels so as to achieve efficient recognition. With the bottom-up inference from observed evidences, the current facial expression can be classified with a desired confident level via belief propagation. We apply this task-oriented framework to fatigue facial expression analysis. Experimental results verify the high efficiency of our approach.
NEURAL NETWORKS AS A BASIS FOR QUANTUM ASSOCIATIVE NETWORKS MITJA PERUŠ Institute BION , Stegne 21 , SLO-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia mitja

We have got a lot of experience with computer simulations of Hopfield’s and holographic neural net models. Starting with these models, an analogous quantum information processing system, called quantum associative network, is presented in this article. It was obtained by translating an associative neural net model into the mathematical formalism of quantum theory in order to enable microphysical implementation of associative memory and pattern recognition. In a case of successful quantum implementation of the model, expected benefits would be significant increase in speed, in miniaturization, in efficiency of performance, and in memory capacity, mainly because of additionally exploiting quantum-phase encoding.