Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absolute spectral distribution of soft X-ray emission from laser produced gold plasma

Quantitative measurement of spectral distribution of soft X-ray emission from laser produced plasmas and estimation of X-ray conversion efficiency are reported. The X-ray emission from planar gold target irradiated by an Nd:glass laser was recorded using a high resolution transmission grating spectrograph. Spectral distribution of X-ray intensity was derived using calibrated film data and a deconvolution procedure to account for contribution of higher diffraction orders. Results of conversion efficiency per unit solid angle, at a laser intensity of /spl sim/4/spl times/10/sup 12/ W/cm/sup 2/ (/spl lambda//sub L/ = 1.054 /spl mu/m), for 10< /spl lambda/ <80 /spl Aring/ and in the water window spectral region (23< /spl lambda/< 44 /spl Aring/) are presented. A three-fold increase in conversion efficiency was observed for second harmonic laser irradiation (/spl lambda//sub L/ = 0.527 /spl mu/m) at an intensity of 8/spl times/10/sup 12/ W/cm/sup 2/.
Improving SVM Classification Performance on Unbalanced Student Graduation Time Data Using SMOTE

Student graduation accuracy is one of the indicators of the success of higher education institutions in carrying out the teaching and learning process and as a component of higher education accreditation. So it is not surprising that building a system that can predict or classify students graduating on time or not on time is necessary for universities to monitor the exact number of students graduating on time using educational technology. Unfortunately, educational technology or machine learning with data mining approaches is less accurate in classifying classes with unbalanced data. Therefore, this research purpose is to build a machine learning system that can improve classification performance on unbalanced class data between students who graduate on time and graduate late. This study applies the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) method to improve the classifying performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) data mining method. The results of the study concluded that using the SMOTE method increased the accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of the SVM method in classifying class data of unbalanced student graduation times. The SVM performance score rises by 3% for classification accuracy, 8% for classification precision, and 25% for classification sensitivity.
Comparison of the Activity of Fecal Enzymes and Concentration of SCFA in Healthy and Overweight Children

In modern societies obesity has become a serious issue which must be urgently addressed. The health implications of neglected obesity are substantial, as not only does it affect individuals’ everyday lives, but it also leads to significantly increased mortality due to the development of several disorders such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and depression. The objective of this research was to investigate the alterations in selected health markers caused by overweight and obesity in children. The measured parameters were the activity of the fecal enzymes, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). The activity of the fecal enzymes, specifically α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucuronidase, was determined using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 400 nm. Furthermore, concentrations of lactic acid, SCFAs (formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids), and BCFAs (isobutyric and isovaleric acids) were determined using the HPLC method. The obtained results reveal that obese children have different fecal enzyme activity and a different profile of fatty acids from children of normal weight. The group of obese children, when compared to children of normal weight, had increased concentrations of BCFAs (p < 0.05) and higher activity of potentially harmful enzymes such as β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase (p < 0.05). In comparison, children of normal weight exhibited significantly increased concentrations of lactic acid and SCFAs (especially formic and butyric acids) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, their α-glucosidase and α-galactosidase activity were higher when compared to the group of obese children (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the prevalence of obesity has a significant impact on metabolites produced in the gastrointestinal tract, which might result in a higher chance of developing serious diseases.
Enhanced Built-In Self-Diagnosis and Self-Repair Techniques for Daisy-Chain Design in MEDA Digital Microfluidic Biochips

Digital microfluidic biochips have emerged as a promising alternative for various laboratory procedures in biochemistry, such as drug discovery and DNA sequencing. A recent generation of digital biochips uses a micro-electrode-dot-array (MEDA) architecture, which provides finer controllability of droplets and seamlessly integrates microelectronics and microfluidics. To simplify the wiring design of such biochips, all microelectrodes and their control registers are daisy-chained together. Therefore, the ability to both identify faults in the chain and tolerate them is required in MEDA biochips. In this study, a new daisy-chain design approach is proposed, integrating a built-in self-repair scheme that can automatically detect faults and correct them. Moreover, an efficient test generation method that requires only a small number of test vectors is proposed to achieve 100% fault coverage without degrading the electrodes. The proposed self-repair scheme can be used in both offline and online modes. Experimental results show that detection and repair can be carried out for various types of faults that can occur in daisy chains.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Influenza Polymerase PB2 Inhibitors

The PB2 subunit of the influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of influenza. To expand the chemical space of the known influenza polymerase PB2 inhibitor–pimodivir (formerly VX-787) and improve its pharmacokinetic profile, two pimodivir analogs containing 2,3-dihydro-imidazopyridine fragment (comp. I and comp. II) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-influenza virus activity. In the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay, comp. I and comp. II showed IC50 values of 0.07 and 0.09 μM for A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and 0.04 and 0.07 μM for A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2), respectively. Protein-binding affinity assay results showed a concentration-dependent association and dissociation pattern, with KD values of 1.398 and 1.670 μM, respectively. In vitro metabolic stability assays showed that comp. I and comp. II exhibited good stability to liver microsomes and considerably less sensitivity to aldehyde oxidase compared to pimodivir. The binding modes of comp. I and comp. II were similar to those of VX-787; however, comp. I and comp. II had lower structural adaptability to PB2 than VX-787. Our results provide helpful information regarding the structure–activity relationship for the design of novel PB2 inhibitors and a reference for the development of drugs containing 2,3-dihydro-imidazopyridine fragments.
A Sentiment Analysis Approach on the Acceptance of Radio Frequency Identification Technology-Based Solutions among Schools in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Integrating new technologies in schools improves different processes and increases trust and confidence from various stakeholders. Advancements in education are a 21st-century goal that every learning institution should consider. This study aims to conduct sentiment analysis on the acceptance of Radio Frequency Identification technology-based solutions among the private and public learning institutions in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, that have implemented the technology. School administrators and teachers participated in the study. Sentiments were analyzed using open-ended questions relating to their acceptance of the technology. Based on the analysis, more favourable terms occurred in their responses than negative words, as presented using a word cloud. The researcher thinks that school administrators and teachers of today are more open to technological progress and integrating technologies into education to improve the quality of processes, improve the delivery of instruction, create a safer and more secure learning environment, and encourage the use of new technologies to raise the quality of teaching and learning.
COMPUTATION OF THE KERNELS OF SIMPLE GAMES AND THE NUCLEOLUS OF N-PERSON GAMES.

Abstract : Methods for computing the kernel and nucleolus of simple games are described. Tables of results are given for weighted majority 7-person constant sum games, and 6-person superadditive games. The tables show that there are games with disconnected kernels, disproving a conjecture of several years' standing. (Author)
Improved union bound on linear codes for the input-binary AWGN channel, with applications to turbo codes

While improved bounds have been central to proofs of the coding theorem and the tightness of the random coding bound for rates near capacity, most results for specific codes, both block and convolutional, have been based on the simple union bound. We present an improved bound for the input-binary AWGN channel in terms of the weights of the code-words of a linear block code.
Non-uniform volumetric structures in Richtmyer-Meshkov flows

We perform an integrated study of volumetric structures in Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) flows induced by moderate shocks. Experiments, theoretical analyses, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations, and ARES Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian simulations are employed to analyze RM evolution for fluids with contrast densities in case of moderately small amplitude initial perturbation at the fluid interface. After the shock passage the dynamics of the fluids is a superposition of the background motion and the interfacial mixing, and only a small part of the shock energy is available for interfacial mixing. We find that in the fluid bulk the flow fields are non-uniform at small scales, and the heterogeneous volumetric structures include reverse jets, shock-focusing effects, and local hot spots with the temperature substantially higher than that in the ambient.
Reduced Critical Current Anisotropy and Improved Critical Current Performance in a Combined Pinning Landscape Created by Proton and Silver Irradiation

Particle irradiation using light ions and heavy ions is found to be an effective method to introduce flux-pinning centers into REBCO films and coated conductors. The degree of enhanced critical current at various conditions depends upon the size, morphology, and orientation of ion tracks. Proton irradiation to the optimised fluence results in greater isotropic enhancement at lower temperatures, the enhancement decreases as temperature increases. Silver ion irradiation on the other hand gives a greater enhancement at higher temperature but limited to particular angular ranges. We compare the results of these two types of irradiation and then produce a mixed pinning landscape with a combination of the two. We find a nearly isotropic enhancement in Ic at lower temperatures and an enhancement about the c-axis direction, similar but broader than silver irradiation alone, at higher temperatures.
Whistlers and plasmaspheric hiss: Wave directions and three-dimensional propagation

Wave data from the DE 1 satellite showing simultaneously nonducted whistlers and hiss are analyzed to determine wave propagation directions. At L = 3.8 and a geographic latitude of {lambda}{sub g} = 12{degrees}S, the average wave normal directions of discrete whistlers are measured to be {approximately}51{degrees} for f = 4.5 kHz and {approximately}60{degrees} for f = 3.5 kHz, forming a small (<20{degrees}) angle with the magnetic meridional plane. Hiss wave normal angles are determined as {approximately}70{degrees} and {approximately}77{degrees} for f = 3.5 kHz and f = 2.5 kHz, respectively, with the wave vector being almost perpendicular to the meridional plane. While the measured wave normal angles of whistlers and hiss are consistent with generation of hiss by magnetospheric whistlers, existence of a significant azimuthal component indicates that further assessment of this connection must be based on three-dimensional ray tracing. A new approximate analytical formulation of three-dimensional propagation of whistler waves is developed and used to model the drift of magnetospherically reflected whistlers in azimuth. The results show that depending on initial parameters, the time of arrival of whistler rays at a fixed observation point can differ by 10-20 s, with signals from different magnetospherically reflected whistlers overlapping to evolve intomore » a hiss like signal. The total azimuthal drift of whistler rays is found to not exceed {approximately}30{degrees}, so that plasmaspheric hiss may be produced by nonducted whistlers at longitudes correlated with the location of thunderstorm activity. 22 refs., 11 figs.« less
Black Holes in Pseudo-Topological Gravity

In the following, we build on previous work done on higher derivative gravity, in particular Lovelock gravity. The latter is a family of theories in higher space-time dimensions in which interactions involving higher powers of curvature are introduced, but the equations of motion remain second order in derivatives. We develop a new theory involving cubic terms in the curvature. We then show that the equations of motion for graviton fluctuations remain second order. The curvature cubed term is shown not to be a topological object, contrary to the belief that dimensionally extended Euler densities provided the only stable dimensionally continued theories of gravity (Lovelock gravity). Black hole solutions are studied in this new gravitational framework.
Coal mining induced land subsidence monitoring using multiband spaceborne differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar data

The differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR)(DInSAR) technique has been applied to the earth surface deformation monitoring in many areas. In this paper, the DInSAR technique is used to process the spaceborne SAR data including C band ENVISAT ASAR, L band JERS SAR, and ALOS PALSAR data to derive the temporal land subsidence information in the Fengfeng coal mine area, Hebei province in China. Since JERS and ALOS do not have precise orbit, an orbit adjustment must be accomplished before the DInSAR interferogram was formed. Twenty-three differential interferograms are derived to show the temporal change of the land subsidence range and position. At the acquisition time of ENVISAT ASAR, the leveling in the Dashucun coal mine in Fengfeng area was carried, the historical excavation data in 8 coal mines in Fengfeng area from 1992 to 2007 were collected as well. In our analysis, the DInSAR results are compared with leveling data and historical excavation data. The comparison results show the DInSAR subsidence results are consistent with the leveling results and the historical excavation data, and the L band DInSAR shows more advantages than C band in the coal mining induced subsidence monitoring in a rural area. The feasibility and limitations in coal mining induced subsidence monitoring with DInSAR are analyzed, and the possibility of underground mining activity monitoring by spaceborne InSAR data is evaluated. The experimental results show that both C and L band can accomplish monitoring mining area subsidence, but C band has more restricted conditions of its perpendicular baseline. In order to get a satisfactory outcome in mining area subsidence by the DInSAR method, the time series of SAR images of every visit and SAR deformation interferograms should be archived.
Applications of Slender-Body Theory in Ship Hydrodynamics

The survey reviews the recent applications of slender-body theory to the field of ship hydrodynamics, and thus concerns the motion of a fluid past a slender body, but in the presence of exterior boundaries, and especially near or on a free surface. To make analytical progress viscous effects are ignored which are known to be significant in the steady-state resistance problem, but negligible in most unsteady problems such as that of predicting the heaving and pitching motions of a ship in a seaway. As in other areas of fluid mechanics, progress in this field has been significantly accelerated by the technique of matched asymptotic (or "inner-outer") expansions, although it could be argued that most or all of the problems to be discussed have been or could be successfully treated by other methods. The technique of matched asymptotic expansions is used here, because of the power associated with this method, and because it has become popular and relatively well known to contemporary scientists and engineers. Attention is primarily restricted to the mathematical details of various problems, and to the unity which results from employment of matched asymptotic expansions.
M-Estimators Based on Inverse Probability Weighted Estimating Equations with Response Missing at Random

Asymptotic properties of M-estimators with complete data are investigated extensively. In the presence of missing data, however, the standard inference procedures for complete data cannot be applied directly. In this article, the inverse probability weighted method is applied to missing response problem to define M-estimators. The existence of M-estimators is established under very general regularity conditions. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the M-estimators are proved, respectively. An iterative algorithm is applied to calculating the M-estimators. It is shown that one step iteration suffices and the resulting one-step M-estimate has the same limit distribution as in the fully iterated M-estimators.
Modeling the interaction between the solar wind and Saturn's magnetosphere by the AMR‐CESE‐MHD method

In this paper, the space‐time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method in general curvilinear coordinates is successfully applied to the three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and Saturn's magnetosphere on a six‐component grid system. As a new numerical model modified for the study of the interaction between the solar wind and Saturn's magnetosphere, we obtain the large‐scale configurations of Saturn's magnetosphere under the steady solar wind with due southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The numerical results clearly indicate that the global structure of Saturn's magnetosphere is strongly affected by the rotation of Saturn as well as by the solar wind. The subsolar standoff distances of the magnetopause and the bow shock in our model are consistent with those predicted by the data‐based empirical models. Our MHD results also show that a plasmoid forms in the magnetotail under the effect of the fast planetary rotation. However, somewhat differently from the previous models, we find that there are two flow vortices generated on the duskside under due southward IMF at Saturn. On the duskside, the clockwise one closer to the planet is excited by the velocity shear between the rotational flows and the sunward flows, while the anticlockwise one is generated from the velocity shear between the tailward flows along the magnetopause and the sunward flows.
ModAsian FINDRISC as a Screening Tool for People with Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose Our study aims to evaluate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next 10 years using ModAsian FINDRISC and additionally explore associated factors among the Vietnam population. Participants and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2258 participants aged 25 years old or above in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam. The sample size is calculated based on the estimated sensitivity, and participants were randomly selected from different geographical and socio-economic areas. All participants were thoroughly medically examined, taking blood lipid profile and fasting blood glucose, taking blood pressure, anthropometric indexes, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and behavioral factors were investigated using the Vietnamese version of the WHO STEPS toolkit. The risk of developing T2DM was made based on the ModAsian FINDRISC. Results The incidence of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among the study population was 4.21%. The group with a high or very high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next 10 years accounted for 2.52%. Body mass index (AUC = 0.840, 95% CI: 0.792–0.888), waist circumference (AUC = 0.824, 95% CI: 0.777–0.871), family history of diabetes mellitus (AUC = 0.751, 95% CI = 0.668–0.833), and history of antihypertensive medication use regularly (AUC = 0.708, 95% CI: 0.632–0.784) are the most associated factors of the ModAsian FINDRISC. Residential location (OR = 5.62, 95% CI: 1.91–16.54) and occupational status (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.20–0.62) were significant factors associated with a high and very high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next 10 year. Conclusion Screening for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and implementing intervention programs focusing on controlling weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure are essential for reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence and burden in Vietnam.
Traffic flow prediction model based on multi head dynamic attention and multi gate time convolution

In the era of rapid development of intelligent transport construction, predicting traffic flow is a crucial aspect of managing and operating contemporary transportation networks. However, traffic prediction tasks have complex spatio-temporal connections. On the one hand, the temporal characteristics of different time scales affect the accurate prediction of traffic flows, and on the other hand, the potential spatial relationships between road traffic cannot be reasonably expressed by the current predefined graph structure. In order to anticipate traffic flow, this article suggests a model (Dynamic attention and Multi gated time convolution Network) based on dynamic attention and multiple gated temporal convolution. The model introduces a multi-gated time convolution layer to extract temporal features of different time ranges and extracts potential spatial relationships between traffic nodes through a multi-headed dynamic attention mechanism to dynamically acquire spatio-temporal variations. Unlike existing models, the model does not require a priori road knowledge of the traffic map, but instead adjusts the inter-node relationships through multi-head dynamic attention. At the same time, the convolution kernel's size is expanded by the model and the gating output of the temporal convolution on top of the original temporal gating to improve the accurate prediction of different temporal pattern tasks. The model forecasts greater properly than the contrasted baseline methodologies, according to analytical outcomes.