Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Risperidone and Aripiprazole in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Under Six Years Old: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

Background: Stimulants are not very eﬀective on attention deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children under 6 years old. The most common medication that is used in this range of age is Risperidone. Evaluating the safety and eﬃcacy of Aripiprazole versus Risperidone for treating children under 6 years suﬀering from ADHD was the aim of this study. Methods: During this double-blind clinical trial, 34 children aged 3 - 6 years who were diagnosed with ADHD, received treatments with Aripiprazole or Risperidone randomly for 12 weeks. Follow-up measures comprised, CGAS, the ADHD-RS, CPRS and side eﬀect checklist. Theﬁndingsrevealedthat20patientsinRisperidonegroup(including13boysand7girls)and20patientsinAripiprazole group (including 13 boys and 7 girls) had at least one follow-up examination. After 12 weeks of the study, both medications showed distinct improvements in ADHD RS (P < 0.001), CPRS (P < 0.001) and CGAS (P < 0.001) scores. The statistic diﬀerence between them was not signiﬁcantly diﬀerent. The most common side eﬀects in Risperidone group were reported to be panic (20%), nausea and vomiting (20%), while in Aripiprazole they were reported to be increased appetite (25%) and somnolence (15%). Conclusions: The ﬁndings revealed that both Risperidone and Aripiprazole are eﬀective in treating ADHD children under 6 years oldand therewas nosigniﬁcant diﬀerencebetween thetwo drugs. Childrencan toleratethemwell. Aripiprazoleeﬀecton children showed itself earlier compared to Risperidone.
Delta Filter - Robust Visual-Inertial Pose Estimation in Real-Time: A Multi-Trajectory Filter on a Spherical Mobile Mapping System

Many state-of-the-art mobile mapping systems accomplish reliable and robust pose estimation utilizing combinations of inertial measurement units (IMUs), global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), visual-inertial- or LiDAR-inertial odometry (VIO/LIO). However, on a spherical mobile mapping system the underlying inherent rolling motion introduces high angular velocities, thus the quality of pose estimates, images, and laser-scans, degrade. In this work we propose a pose filter design that is able to do real-time sensor fusion between two unreliable trajectories into one, more reliable trajectory. It is a simple yet effective filter design that does not require the user to estimate the uncertainty of the sensors. The approach is not limited to spherical robots and theoretically is also suitable for sensor fusion of an arbitrary number of estimators. This work compares this filter against two pose estimation methods on our spherical system: (1) An approach that is based solely on IMU measurements, and (2) stereo-VIO with an Intel® RealSense™ tracking camera. The proposed “Delta” filter takes as input (1), (2), and a motion model. Our implementation gets rid of the drift in (1) and (2), estimates the scale of the trajectory, and deals with slow and fast motion as well as driving curves. Our source code can be found on github [1].
Detection of urban housing development by fusing multisensor satellite data and performing spatial feature post-classification

A large number of change detection techniques have been developed, but little has been done to detect detailed changes, such as urban housing development, using satellite data. In this study a new approach is presented. By fusing multispectral satellite data, e.g. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) or SPOT XS, with panchromatic satellite data, e.g. SPOT pan, big buildings (10-20 m in width) in urban areas can be extracted. By performing the spatial feature post-classification, e.g. (1) co-occurrence matrix-based filtering for separating buildings from noise, (2) axis-oriented linking and segmentation for a complete extraction of urban water areas, and (3) mathematical morphology operations for improving the classified green areas, the accuracy of the extracted classes is significantly increased and a detailed urban housing map can be generated. By overlaying this map with the built-up areas extracted from data of an earlier date, newly developed built-up areas can be detected and big buildings can individually be highlighted. This new approach was tested in the urban area of Shanghai, China, using Landsat TM and SPOT pan data. More detailed change detection than with conventional methods resulted in an average accuracy of the building extraction of 86%.
Calibration of stable isotopic data: An enriched δ18O standard used for source gas mixing detection and correction

We present empirically based calibrations of our measurements made on a Finnigan MAT252 equipped with a Kiel Device to Vienna Pee Dee belemnite, using an enriched δ18O standard. Calibrations include corrections for biases caused by the differences in isotopic composition of carbonate standards measured on the two parallel extraction lines of the Kiel Device and for decreases in the isotopic difference between the reference and sample gas caused by mixing in the source. After correcting for these biases, the precision of 2200 NBS19 analyses (10–300 µg ) is ±0.07 for δ18O and ±0.03 for δ13C. We have shared our standard enriched in δ18O with 18 laboratories engaged in paleoceanographic research, producing the first large-scale interlaboratory calibrations for this community. Using correction procedures reported here, water mass reconstructions using data produced on multiple mass spectrometers may now be possible with a precision approaching the level necessary to reconstruct temperature-salinity and density variability in the deep ocean.
The Effect of Tilted Rotation on Shear Instabilities at Low Stratifications

Abstract A linear stability analysis of the inviscid stratified Boussinesq equations is presented given a steady zonal flow with constant vertical shear in a tilted f plane. Full nonhydrostatic terms are included: 1) acceleration of vertical velocity and 2) Coriolis force terms arising from the meridional component of earth’s rotation vector. Calculations of growth rates, critical wavenumbers, and dominance regimes for baroclinic and symmetric instabilities are compared with results from the traditional nonhydrostatic equations, which include a strictly vertical rotation vector, as well as results from the hydrostatic equations. The authors find that for positive zonal z shear, tilted rotation enhances the dominance regime of symmetric instabilities at the expense of baroclinic instabilities and maintains symmetric instabilities at larger scales than previously indicated. Furthermore, in contrast to former studies, it is determined that hydrostatic growth rates for both instabilities are not maximal. Rath.
Persistent changes in NDVI between 1982 and 2003 over India using AVHRR GIMMS (Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies) data

The preliminary results of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) change studies over India using data from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (AVHRR GIMMS) between 1982 and 2003 are presented. The three methodologies of univariate differencing, temporal profiling and anomaly analysis were undertaken. Univariate differencing was used to determine overall NDVI change between 1982 and 2003. A persistence filter was used to filter out ephemeral changes. The temporal profile analyses were carried out over different meteorological subdivisions to compare changes in NDVI with rainfall patterns. In the anomaly analysis, the areas of change were analysed over different land cover categories derived from IRS‐WiFS data. The preliminary results indicate that positive trends in vegetation change occurred over most parts of the country and these changes appear not to be highly correlated with rainfall data, indicating that land cover transformations may be the major driving force behind the changes. The land cover classifications experiencing the greatest increasing NDVI were tropical thorn forests and intensive agriculture and the land cover experiencing very slow growth included current jhum, tropical moist deciduous and temperate evergreen forest. Five‐year moving averages indicate a general increase in NDVI from 1986 to 1998 and then declining thereafter. This is a concern in most of the meteorological subdivisions.
Immunotherapy based on bispecific T-cell engager with hIgG1 Fc sequence as a new therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma

Bispecific antibodies play an important role in immunotherapy. They have received intense interest from pharmaceutical enterprises. The first antibody drug, OKT3 (muromonab‐CD3), showed great performance in clinical treatment. We have successfully developed a single‐chain variable fragment (ScFv) combination of anti‐CD3 ScFv and anti‐CD138 ScFv with the hIgG1 Fc (hIgFc) sequence. The novel bispecific T‐cell engager (BiTE) with an additional hIgFc (BiTE‐hIgFc, STL001) can target T cells, natural killer cells, and multiple myeloma cells (RPMI‐8226 or U266). In addition, BiTE‐hIgFc (STL001) has nanomolar‐level affinity to recombinant human CD138 protein and shows more potent antitumor activity against RPMI‐8226 cells than that of separate aCD3‐ScFv‐hIgFc and aCD138‐ScFv‐hIgFc, or the isotype mAb in vitro or in vivo.
Detection and feature extraction of bridges in airborne and spaceborne SAR image data

Operational SAR satellite systems such as ENVISAT-ASAR and RADARSAT-1 deliver image data of a rather coarse resolution, which allows the recognition or feature extraction only for large man-made objects. State of the art airborne SAR sensors on the other hand provide spatial resolution in the order well below a half meter. In such data many features of urban objects can be identified and used for recognition. Core elements of man-made infrastructure are bridges. In case of bridges over water, the oblique side looking imaging geometry of SAR sensors may lead to special signature in a SAR image depending on the aspect. In this paper, the appearance of bridges over water in SAR data is discussed. Geometric constraints concerning the changing of this signature are investigated using simulation techniques based on an adapted ray tracing. Furthermore, an approach is presented to detect bridges over water and to derive object features from spaceborne and airborne SAR images in the context of disaster management. RADARSAT-1 data with a spatial resolution of about 9 m as well as high-resolution airborne SAR data of geometric sampling distance better than 40 cm are investigated.
ESR and ICP analyses of the DPRI 500 m drill core samples penetrating through the Nojima Fault, Japan

Abstract The Disaster Prevention Research Center, Kyoto University (DPRI) 500 m drilling core samples from the Nojima Fault, which caused the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu earthquake in Japan, were analyzed using electron spin resonance (ESR) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The fault gouge of the Nojima Fault zone, measuring approximately 50 mm in width, is located at a depth of about 388.4 m from the surface along the 500 m core samples. Electron spin resonance measurements of the fault gouge have revealed that a quartet ESR signal in montmorillonite and the hyperfine structure of an Al center in quartz were reduced to 31–36% of the initial intensity by heating, while an E′ center in quartz, which is often used for Quaternary fault dating, had been reduced to only 70% of the initial value. According to a computer simulation on the decay of ESR signals by frictional heating, the ESR intensity pattern measured in the fault gouge does not coincide with the calculated pattern for dry faults with a planar slip surface because the temperature on the fault plane must rise above the melting point of the fault blocks. However, for fault gouge containing pore water, the temperature in the fault gouge cannot rise above the boiling temperature of water, approximately 310–370°C under a pore water pressure of 10–20 MPa. If pore water in the fault gouge was boiled to approximately 350°C by frictional heating and the boiled water diffused into the fault gouge, the ESR intensity pattern could be explained. Alternatively, the ESR intensity of Fe3+ increases in the dark gray fault gouge and is consistent with ICP data. This result is also consistent with the increased magnetic susceptibility in the fault gouge. Furthermore, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), a 208Pb anomaly was detected in the fault gouge, which can be probably explained by the generation of 220Rn gases in the Earth’s crust. This 208Pb anomaly means that the fault gouge zone had been in radioactive disequilibria.
Additionality in agricultural conservation payment programs

A large number of both state and federal agricultural policies are designed to pay farmers and ranchers to undertake conservation practices that have off-farm environmental benefits or long-run farm-productivity payoffs. These supported actions can include implementing a nutrient management plan, installing stream-side or field-edge buffers, adopting no-till, or retiring cropland to grass or tree cover. Payments can take the form of cost-sharing for explicit costs incurred by the farmer, specified payment amounts meant to capture the cost of transitioning to the new practices, or lost income, particularly when land is taken out of production. In fiscal year 2012, USDA spent nearly US$5.5 billion through voluntary payment programs to support the adoption of conservation practices. What are taxpayers getting for their money? The answer entails, in part, knowing whether practices that receive conservation payments would have been pursued without those payments. Additionality is a measure of the extent to which conservation payments are necessary for practice adoption for those farmers who receive payments. Practices supported by payments are additional if they would not have been adopted without the payment, or, from an environmental standpoint, if the environmental benefits would not have been realized without the payment. Practices that would have been…
Wordle Game Result Prediction Based on XGBoost Algorithm

Wordle is a popular puzzle currently offered daily in the New York Times. The purpose of this paper is to develop a predictive model that predicts the percentage of different attempts made to solve the game. First, we calculated the five Spearman correlation coefficients representing the word attribute and the percentage of hard mode separately and found no significant relationship between the word attribute and the percentage of hard mode scores. To predict the percentage of different attempts in the results, we built a multimodal model. The Informer algorithm was used to analyze the time series, and the XGBoost algorithm was used to analyze the word attribute data, and then the model was improved using the attention mechanism and the sliding window mechanism. The final prediction of the percentage of attempts was made for the word “EERIE” on March 1, 2023.
Distributed Optimal Energy Dispatch for Networked Microgrids with Federated Reinforcement Learning

We investigate an optimal distributed energy dispatch strategy for networked Microgrids (MGs) considering uncertainties of distributed energy resources, the impact of energy storage, and privacy. The energy dispatch problem is formulated as a Partially Observed Markov Decision Process (POMDP), and is solved using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) method. To reduce the communication load and protect privacy, a federated reinforcement learning (FRL) framework is proposed, where each MG trains model parameters with its own local data, and only transmits model weights to the global server. Finally, each MG can obtain a global model that can be generalized well in various cases. The proposed method is communication-efficient, privacy-preserving, and scalable. Numerical simulations are tested with real-world datasets, results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FRL method.
TAICHI algorithm: Human-Like Arm Data Generation applied on Non-Anthropomorphic Robotic Manipulators for Demonstration

In household settings, Learning from Demonstration techniques can enable end-users to teach their robots new skills. Furthermore, it may be necessary for the demonstrations to be accessible through a straightforward setup, such as a single visual sensor. This study presents a pipeline that uses a single RGB-D sensor to demonstrate movements taking into account all the key points of the human arm to control a non-anthropomorphic arm. To perform this procedure, we present the TAICHI algorithm (Tracking Algorithm for Imitation of Complex Human Inputs). This method includes detecting key points on the human arm and mapping them to the robot, applying Gaussian filtering to smooth movements and reduce sensor noise, and utilizing an optimization algorithm to find the nearest configuration to the human arm while avoiding collisions with the environment or the robot itself. The novelty of this method lies in its utilization of key points from the human arm, specifically the end-effector and elbow, to derive a similar configuration for a non-anthropomorphic arm. Through tests encompassing various movements performed at different speeds, we have validated the efficacy of our method and confirmed its efficiency in replicating the desired outcomes on the robot's end-effector and joints.
Waveform inversion for three‐dimensional density and S wave structure

Long-period seismic data (longer than about 100 s) are sensitive to density as well as P wave and S wave structure in the Earth. Seismograms containing overtone and fundamental mode signals are inverted directly for density and S wave velocity structure. A simple relation between P wave and S wave velocity perturbations is assumed in order to reduce the number of unknowns. A model is parameterized by spherical harmonics up to degree and order 8 and by five knots in depth (at 30, 220, 450, 670 and 882 km) with linear interpolation between adjacent knots. Density resolution is good only at shallow depths; in fact, only the average in the upper 200 km is marginally resolved. S wave resolution is generally good throughout the depth range. S wave results show good correlation to surface geological features and are similar to previous studies. Density results show quite different patterns from S wave maps; high-density regions appear along the subduction zones surrounding the Pacific Ocean and low-density regions appear in most major continents. Most continents have low density and high S wave velocity, which suggests that continental mantle consists of compositionally different materials since thermal effects can never produce such perturbations. High S wave velocity also suggests a relatively cold geotherm for continents, and thus continents should consist of significantly low-density material such as depleted mantle rocks, as proposed by many researchers before. The density map also correlates well with a geoid map for spherical harmonic components l=4–6 but not for l=2,3. It suggests that sources for these geoid undulations l=4–6 are in the upper mantle, probably in the upper 300–400 km, but those for l=2,3 are in deeper regions.
Dynamical Signatures of Collective Quality Grading in a Social Activity: Attendance to Motion Pictures

We investigate the laws governing people’s decisions and interactions by studying the collective dynamics of a well-documented social activity for which there exist ample records of the perceived quality: the attendance to movie theaters in the US. We picture the flows of attendance as impulses or “shocks” driven by external factors that in turn can create new cascades of attendances through direct recommendations whose effectiveness depends on the perceived quality of the movies. This corresponds to an epidemic branching model comprised of a decaying exponential function determining the time between cause and action, and a cascade of actions triggered by previous ones. We find that the vast majority of the ~3,500 movies studied fit our model remarkably well. From our results, we are able to translate a subjective concept such as movie quality into a probability of the deriving individual activity, and from it we build concrete quantitative predictions. Our analysis opens up the possibility of understanding other collective dynamics for which the perceived quality or appeal of an action is also known.
Facies and depositional sequence evolution controlled by high-frequency sea-level changes in a shallow-water carbonate ramp (late Kimmeridgian, NE Spain)

The outcrops of the Sierra de Albarracín (NE Spain) allow a precise reconstruction of the shallow sedimentary domains of a late Kimmeridgian carbonate ramp, developed in western marginal areas of the Iberian Basin. The sedimentary record shows a hierarchical sequence stratigraphic organization, which implies sea-level changes of different frequencies. The studied succession is arranged in a long-term transgressive–regressive sequence, which is likely to reflect local variation in the subsidence rates. This sequence includes four higher-order sequences A to D, which have variable thickness (from 3 to 21 m). The similar sedimentary evolution observed in distant localities suggests the existence of high-frequency sea-level fluctuations controlling the sequence development. The average amplitude of these cycles would range from 5 to 10 m. The precise estimation of their duration (some few hundreds of kyr) and their possible assignment to any of the long-term orbital cycles (the 100 or the 400 kyr eccentricity cycles) is uncertain. Sequences A and B, formed during the long-term transgressive interval, are relatively thin (from 3 to 9 m) give-up sequences that were never subaerially exposed. These sequences are locally formed by five shallowing-upward elementary sequences. Sequences C and D are catch-down sequences with evidence of emersion of subtidal facies. Sequence C, formed during the stage of maximum gain of long-term accommodation, is the thickest sequence (from 13 to 21 m) and includes coral–microbial reefs (pinnacles up to 16 m in height). The increased production rates were able to fill part of the accommodation created during the early stage of high-frequency sea-level rise and the shallow platform was eventually exposed to subaereal erosion and meteoric cementation.
Morphological diversity and regionalisation of kites in the Middle East and Central Asia

In the last few years, the number of inventoried kites has increased fivefold, and the known distribution zone has been greatly extended across the Near East, Arabia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. High-resolution satellite images provide substantial amounts of data that can be subjected to geomatics analysis. The resulting spatial data is used to identify regional differences. We present here a study of these kite structures at the global, regional and local scales, carried out by means of GIS. The recognition of a number of morphological characteristics, without any subjective attribute, leads to a geographically referenced inventory that clearly distinguishes five main regions. This paper suggests a method to define the morphology of the kites, which will be further augmented with cross-variables including the surrounding environment, settlement distribution, animal exploitation and ethology, providing a base for future studies.