Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Grassland Bacterial Community Structure under Different Land Management Regimens by Using 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Data and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Banding Patterns

ABSTRACT Bacterial diversity in unimproved and improved grassland soils was assessed by PCR amplification of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from directly extracted soil DNA, followed by sequencing of ∼45 16S rDNA clones from each of three unimproved and three improved grassland samples (A. E. McCaig, L. A. Glover, and J. I. Prosser, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:1721–1730, 1999) or by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of total amplification products. Semi-improved grassland soils were analyzed only by DGGE. No differences between communities were detected by calculation of diversity indices and similarity coefficients for clone data (possibly due to poor coverage). Differences were not observed between the diversities of individual unimproved and improved grassland DGGE profiles, although considerable spatial variation was observed among triplicate samples. Semi-improved grassland samples, however, were less diverse than the other grassland samples and had much lower within-group variation. DGGE banding profiles obtained from triplicate samples pooled prior to analysis indicated that there was less evenness in improved soils, suggesting that selection for specific bacterial groups occurred. Analysis of DGGE profiles by canonical variate analysis but not by principal-coordinate analysis, using unweighted data (considering only the presence and absence of bands) and weighted data (considering the relative intensity of each band), demonstrated that there were clear differences between grasslands, and the results were not affected by weighting of data. This study demonstrated that quantitative analysis of data obtained by community profiling methods, such as DGGE, can reveal differences between complex microbial communities.
Death-related attitudes of adolescent males and females

Abstract As society attempts to reduce sex stereotyping, it would be expected that male and female attitudes toward death would become similar. The purpose of this study was to measure various death-related attitudes of a group of adolescents and to determine if these attitudes remain sex related. A sample of 152 seventh, eighth, and ninth-grade males (N = 71) and females (N = 81) from a Washington, D.C., metropolitan-area junior high school completed the Likert-type instrument. Using the chi-square statistic it was found that males and females differed significantly on 11 of the 22 items on the survey. Generally, females more than males, were in favor of abortion, valued funerals, and were more concerned with what might happen to their body subsequent to death. Differences were also found in attitudes about capital punishment and life after death. However, no significant male-female differences were found in fear of death. It was concluded that differences in attitudes toward death generally are still co.
Five Fingers Haptic Interface Robot HIRO: Design, Rendering, and Applications

Haptic interfaces are devices that allow human-machine interaction through force and touch. Combined haptic and visual interfaces have been around for decades. Yet, despite an enormous increase in research activity in the last few years, the science of haptics is still a technology in its infancy. The majority of commercially available haptic devices operate based on a principle of point interaction. Thus, contact between the operator and the simulated virtual environment occurs only at an arbitrary single point, typically the tip of a stylus or thimble used for interaction. Many literatures have identified the importance of multifinger display in the field of haptics (Wall et al., 2001). Haptic interfaces have been utilized in the area of tele-manipulation (Ivanisevic et al., 2000) (Dubey et al., 2001) (Elhajj et al., 2001) (Ando et al., 2001), interaction with micro/nano scale phenomenon (Guthold et al., 2000) (Marliere et al., 2004), medical training and evaluation (Basdogan et al., 2001) (Bardorfer et al., 2001) (Langrana et al., 1994). Multifinger haptic interface has a higher potential for the above mentioned applications than that of a single point haptic interface. A number of multifinger haptic interfaces (Kawasaki et al., 1993) (Ueda et al., 2004) (Walairacht et al., 2001) (Bouzit et al., 2002) (Yoshikawa et al., 2000) (CyberGlove Systems, 2009) have been developed. However, the issue of developing a haptic interface opposite to the human hand that reflects the force feeling to the finger tips was never addressed. The haptic interface is demanded to be safe, work in wide operation space, and able to present not only force at the contact points but also the weight feeling of the virtual objects. Also impose no oppressive feeling to the operator’s hand. Moreover, the haptic interface itself imposes no weight feeling. In this chapter the new developed fivefingers Haptic Interface RObot (HIRO II) based on HIRO (Kawasaki et al., 2003) (Alhalabi et al., 2004) that addresses these issues is introduced. HIRO II is a new haptic device that enables users to interact and feel the virtual object safely and it does not impose any weight on the users hand since it is not wearable device nor it is cumbersome. Two main important issues were in mind while designing HIRO II, multiple interaction points and reflecting forces directly to the human fingertips where other haptic devices failed to provide suitable solutions. In addition, user’s safety and ease of attachment issues have been also considered while designing HIRO II. 11
Service Conflict Management Framework for Multi-user Inhabited Smart Home

In this paper, we propose a service conflict management framework for detecting and resolving conflicts of multi-users who share context-aware applications within a smart home. For supporting a general solution to deal with the multi-user conflicts, the framework utilizes an ontology that describes applications and their services, an approach determination tree that assigns an appropriate resolution strategy to the conflict, and a set of resolution strategies. Based on this ontology, it dynamically detects conflicts associated among multiple users who are using various applications affecting each other, or the same application with different preferences. An appropriate resolution method is assigned to the conflict according to the properties involved, their relationship, and users' preferences. The detected conflict is resolved either by an automatic decision, based on either priority or preferences, or by a user decision. Through implementing and evaluating the framework to a smart home test-bed, we found that the proposed framework dynamically detected and flexibly resolved multi-user conflicts which occurred among the services of multiple applications, as well as within a single application.
Low-latency event-based visual odometry

The agility of a robotic system is ultimately limited by the speed of its processing pipeline. The use of a Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS), a sensor producing asynchronous events as luminance changes are perceived by its pixels, makes it possible to have a sensing pipeline of a theoretical latency of a few microseconds. However, several challenges must be overcome: a DVS does not provide the grayscale value but only changes in the luminance; and because the output is composed by a sequence of events, traditional frame-based visual odometry methods are not applicable. This paper presents the first visual odometry system based on a DVS plus a normal CMOS camera to provide the absolute brightness values. The two sources of data are automatically spatiotemporally calibrated from logs taken during normal operation. We design a visual odometry method that uses the DVS events to estimate the relative displacement since the previous CMOS frame by processing each event individually. Experiments show that the rotation can be estimated with surprising accuracy, while the translation can be estimated only very noisily, because it produces few events due to very small apparent motion.
Effect of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors With Low SGLT2/SGLT1 Selectivity on Circulating Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that improve glycemic control by inhibiting reabsorption of glucose filtered through the renal glomerulus. Use of drugs in this class has increased because of their effect of decreasing body weight and a low risk for hypoglycemia, in addition to a relatively strong glucose-lowering effect. SGLT2 inhibitors such as canagliflozin and sotagliflozin (a SGLT1/SGLT2 dual inhibitor) also have a mild or moderate intestinal and renal SGLT1 inhibitory effect because of their relatively weak selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1. Recent evidence shows that these SGLT2 inhibitors with low SGLT2/SGLT1 selectivity elevate the level of circulating glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone that promotes insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. This effect probably occurs partly via inhibition of intestinal SGLT1, and the elevation of active GLP-1 levels is especially apparent when these drugs are co-administered with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors. These findings suggest that a combination of canagliflozin or sotagliflozin and a DPP4 inhibitor can provide a beneficial effect associated with elevation of circulating active GLP-1 and may serve as a treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Identification of an Evolutionarily Conserved Ankyrin Domain-Containing Protein, Caiap, Which Regulates Inflammasome-Dependent Resistance to Bacterial Infection

Many proteins contain tandemly repeated modules of several amino acids, which act as the building blocks that form the underlying architecture of a specific protein-binding interface. Among these motifs and one of the most frequently observed is ankyrin repeats (ANK), which consist of 33 amino acid residues that are highly conserved. ANK domains span a wide range of functions, including protein–protein interactions, such as the recruitment of substrate to the catalytic domain of an enzyme, or the assembly of stable multiprotein complexes. Here, we report the identification of an evolutionarily conserved protein, that we term Caiap (from CARD- and ANK-containing Inflammasome Adaptor Protein), which has an N-terminal CARD domain and 16 C-terminal ANK domains and is required for the inflammasome-dependent resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium in zebrafish. Intriguingly, Caiap is highly conserved from cartilaginous fish to marsupials but is absent in placental mammals. Mechanistically, Caiap acts downstream flagellin and interacts with catalytic active Caspa, the functional homolog of mammalian caspase-1, through its ANK domain, while its CARD domain promotes its self-oligomerization. Our results therefore point to ANK domain-containing proteins as key inflammasome adaptors required for the stabilization of active caspase-1 in functionally stable, high molecular weight complexes.
Latent Profile Analyses of Test Anxiety

In an era of test-based accountability, there has been a renewed interest in understanding the relationship between test anxiety and test performance. The development and validation of test anxiety scales have grown with the rise of test anxiety research. Research is needed to critically examine the psychometric properties of these scales prior to widespread use. The purpose of this brief report is to demonstrate the use of latent profile analysis (LPA) to develop test anxiety profiles on the FRIEDBEN Test Anxiety Scale. LPA was performed using a sample of 1,133 students from five high schools in a Midwestern state. Results indicate three distinct test anxiety profiles (i.e., high, mid, and low anxiety profiles).
Coincidence among families of mesh patterns

Two mesh patterns are coincident if they are avoided by the same set of permutations. In this paper, we provide necessary conditions for this coincidence, which include having the same set of enclosed diagonals. This condition is sufficient to prove coincidence of vincular patterns, although it is not enough to guarantee coincidence of bivincular patterns. In addition, we provide a generalization of the Shading Lemma (Hilmarsson et al.), a result that examined when a square could be added to the mesh of a pattern.
Buried multi-gate InAs-nanowire FETs

We present a study on multi-gate field-effect transistors that allow adjusting the potential landscape in semiconducting nanowires/tubes on the nanoscale. To this end, a damascenelike process is employed that allows fabricating a large number of gate structures that are contacted individually and exhibit lengths and inter-gate distances well below 10nm enabling to realize potential landscapes within a device that exploit quantum effects. The functionality of the multi-gate structures is shown experimentally with InAs nanowire FETs.
Viewpoint Paper: Toward an Effective Strategy for the Diffusion and Use of Clinical Information Systems

The full impact of IT in health care has not been realized because of the failure to recognize that (1) the path from availability of applications to the anticipated benefits passes through a series of steps; and (2) progress can be stopped at any one of those steps. As a result, strategies for diffusion, adoption, and use have been incomplete and have produced disappointing results. In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework for identifying factors that affect the spread, use, and effects of IT in the U.S. health care sector. The framework can be used by researchers to focus their efforts on unanswered questions, by practitioners considering IT adoption, and by policymakers searching for ways to spread IT throughout the system.
Challenging the Conceptualization and Measurement of Distance and International Experience in Entry Mode Choice Research

Although international entry mode choice has been extensively studied, the empirical results regarding two key antecedents—various forms of distance and international experience—have been equivocal. The authors argue that the conceptualization and measurement of these variables may be contributing to the ambiguous results. They demonstrate that a broader conceptualization of the underlying factors driving the distance construct substantially increases the ability to predict entry mode. Furthermore, when a refined interpretation of international experience is employed, only experience in similar countries affects entry mode selection. Experience in dissimilar countries seems to have no predictive power. These results call for a radical change in how these two key constructs should be operationalized in further entry mode research.
Staged Authenticity: Arrangements of Social Space in Tourist Settings

The problem of false consciousness and its relationship to the social structure of tourist establishments is analyzed. Accounts of travelers are examined in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction. It is found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences. It is also found that tourist settings are arrenged to produce the impression that a back region has been entered even when this is not the case. In tourist settings, between the front and the back there is a series of special spaces designed to accommodate tourists and to support their beliefs in the authenticity of their experiences. Goffman's front-back dichotomy is shown to be ideal poles of a continuum, or a variable.
CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR IN SCHOOLS FOR PUPILS WITH SEVERE LEARNING DIFFICULTIES

A postal survey concerning the prevalence of challenging behaviour in day schools for pupils with severe learning difficulties, covering one in six schools in England and Wales, is reported. Definitions of particular challenging behaviours were operationalised and an overall rating of management difficulty was shown to be reasonably consistently applied across schools. There were unexplained differences in the reported prevalence of challenging behaviour across schools but the ‘average’ school of 60 pupils would be expected to identify around five more difficult pupils and a further nine pupils who showed less difficult challenging behaviour. Differences between Independently mobile (IM), and non-independently mobile (NIM), pupils in abilities and the pattern of challenging behaviour emerged. Data are discussed in the context of possible training needs of schools.
Simulating Price Interactions by Mining Multivariate Financial Time Series

This position paper proposes a framework based on a feature clustering method using Emergent Self-Organizing Maps over streaming data (UbiSOM) and Ramex-Forum - a sequence pattern mining model for financial time series modeling based on observed instantaneous and long term relations over market data. The proposed framework aims at producing realistic monte-carlo based simulations of an entire portfolio behavior over distinct market scenarios, obtained from models generated by these two approaches.
A New Flying Range Sensor: Aerial Scan in Omni-Directions

This paper presents a new flying sensor system to capture 3D data aerially. The hardware system, consisting of a omni-directional laser scanner and a panoramic camera, can be mounted under a mobile platform (e.g., a balloon or a crane) to achieve the aerial scanning with high resolution and accuracy. Since the laser scanner often requires several minutes to complete an omni-directional scan, the raw data is distorted seriously due to the unknown and uncontrollable movement during the scanning period. To overcome this problem, 1) we first synchronize the two sensors and spherically calibrate them together, 2) our approach then recovers the sensor motion by utilizing the spacial and temporal features extracted both from the image sequences and point clouds, and 3) finally the distorted scans can be rectified with the estimated motion and aligned together automatically. In experiments, we demonstrate that the method achieves a substantially good performance for indoor/outdoor aerial scanning in the applications such as Angkor Wat 3D preservation and manufacturing 3D survey with respect to other state-of-the-art methods.
Cystic Fibrosis Related Liver Disease—Another Black Box in Hepatology

Due to improved medical care, life expectancy in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has veritably improved over the last decades. Importantly, cystic fibrosis related liver disease (CFLD) has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. However, CFLD might be largely underdiagnosed and diagnostic criteria need to be refined. The underlying pathomechanisms are largely unknown, and treatment strategies with proven efficacy are lacking. This review focuses on current invasive and non-invasive diagnostic standards, the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of CFLD, treatment strategies, and possible future developments.
The 1985 Philadelphia Newspaper Strike: A Uses and Gratifications Study

,The residents of the City of Philadelphia faced a sudden disruption of newspaper service in September 1985 when the unions of the Philadelphia Inquirer and Philadelphia Daily News failed to reach a contract agreement with Knight-Ridder, the parent company. Local television stations, responding to the newspaper strike, expanded their news coverage. The New York Times and USA Today launched marketing campaigns in Philadelphia to capitalize on the strike, and the suburban newspapers expanded their press runs to fill the advertising and local news void which was created by the strike. The strike provided us with the opportunity to test the relationship between newspaper gratifications sought
Error probabilities for simple substitution ciphers

Unlike recent works by Blom and Dunham on simple substitution ciphers, papers, we do not consider equivocations (conditional entropies given the cryptogram) but rather the probability that the enemy makes an error when he tries to decipher the cryptogram or to identify the key by means of optimal identification procedures. This approach is suggested by the usual approach to coding problems taken in Shannon theory, where one evaluates error probabilities with respect to optimal encoding-decoding procedures. The main results are asymptotic; the same relevant parameters are obtained as in Blom or Dunham.
Accelerated Variance Reduced Stochastic ADMM

Recently, many variance reduced stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) methods (e.g. SAG-ADMM, SDCA-ADMM and SVRG-ADMM) have made exciting progress such as linear convergence rates for strongly convex problems. However, the best known convergence rate for general convex problems is O(1/T) as opposed to O(1/T2) of accelerated batch algorithms, where T is the number of iterations. Thus, there still remains a gap in convergence rates between existing stochastic ADMM and batch algorithms. To bridge this gap, we introduce the momentum acceleration trick for batch optimization into the stochastic variance reduced gradient based ADMM (SVRG-ADMM), which leads to an accelerated (ASVRG-ADMM) method. Then we design two different momentum term update rules for strongly convex and general convex cases. We prove that ASVRG-ADMM converges linearly for strongly convex problems. Besides having a low-iteration complexity as existing stochastic ADMM methods, ASVRG-ADMM improves the convergence rate on general convex problems from O(1/T) to O(1/T2). Our experimental results show the effectiveness of ASVRG-ADMM.
Comparative Ability of Certain Sugars and Honey to Enhance Saline Polydipsia and Salt Hypertension.∗

Summary Sucrose, maltose, fructose and honey, each at a 5% concentration in 1% sodium chloride solution used as drinking fluid, were compared in respect to their ability to influence saline consumption and the development of arterial hypertension. Honey was without detectable effect on either of these. The pure sugars, in the order of increasing effectiveness fell into the order sequence fructose, maltose and sucrose. Only sucrose significantly increased consumption of saline throughout the experiment, and was unquestionably the most effective carbohydrate in promoting saline ingestion and in enhancing salt hypertension. The data available from several sources indicate that it is neither sweetness, as the term is commonly understood, nor the calorie value which endows certain sugar solutions with the appeal they have for rats.
Empowering Youth to End Relationship Violence

Violence and abuse in teen dating relationships are now recognized as pervasive and far-reaching problems that cannot be managed by detecting and treating only those who have already begun these patterns. Such problems may need to be addressed outside the confines of traditional clinical and educational models. An alternate model conceptualizes educational and experiential strategies as stand-alone or afterschool curriculum delivered in partnership with community services specializing in violence-related work, such as Child Protective Services, battered women's shelters, male batterer groups, and youth support agencies. We believe that early to middle adolescence is a crucial time for establishing a pattern of healthy, nonviolent relationships with intimate partners that carries forward to future family members. This article describes the Youth Relationship Project (YRP), which has a community-based curriculum designed to enhance youths' social and relationship skills through prosocial action. A section o.