Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physico - Chemical Characterization of OMWW City Guisser (Region of Settat Morocco) and Monitoring its Color During the (Oxidation by H2O2 Natural Evaporation) and the Study of Its Biological Activity Against the Aspergillus Niger

The extraction process of olive oil production generates liquid effluents, or sometimes appointed OMWW or vegetation water. Pressing 1 ton of olives produced on average 1.5 tonnes of OMWW with modern modes of production. The variation depends on the extraction process: pre-washing olives or not, humidification pulp during pressing [UNCTAD] The objective of this work is devoted to the first step in the study of the impact of the OMWW (city Guisser) region of Settat Morocco on the environment by studying its physicochemical characteristics and study its biological activity against the Aspergillus Niger, in the second step the monitoring of its natural color during the evaporation and oxidation by H2O2. Keywords— OMWW, physico-chemical composition, coloring, biological activity, oxidation.
Estratégias para evitar a perda de biodiversidade na Amazônia

BRAZILIAN society receives yearly an estimate of the Amazonian rainforest loss by means of a deforestation rate announced by Inpe, which in 2004 was of approximatly 26,130 km2. What we do not know is how much of the natural resources is lost in each square kilometer of forest destruction. In this work, we present concrete numbers of forest loss, based on recent studies of plant densities and some animal species in the Amazon region. Our findings support the idea that it is not necessary to extend further deforestation in the region and, therefore, that deforestation licenses should be forbidden. Moreover, we propose that regional science and technology system must be gradually descentralized and enhanced through the integration and development of research programs focused in drawing and testing models of sustainable territories for the different social segments of the region.
Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera: Interplanetary cruise through primary mission

More than 3 years of high-resolution (1.5–20 m/pixel) photographic observations of the surface of Mars have dramatically changed our view of that planet. Among the most important observations and interpretations derived therefrom are that much of Mars, at least to depths of several kilometers, is layered; that substantial portions of the planet have experienced burial and subsequent exhumation; that layered and massive units, many kilometers thick, appear to reflect an ancient period of large-scale erosion and deposition within what are now the ancient heavily cratered regions of Mars; and that processes previously unsuspected, including gully-forming fluid action and burial and exhumation of large tracts of land, have operated within near-contemporary times. These and many other attributes of the planet argue for a complex geology and complicated history.
3D reconstruction of rotational video microscope based on patches

Due to the small field of view and shallow depth of field, the microscope could only capture 2D images of the object. In order to observe the three-dimensional structure of the micro object, a microscopy images reconstruction algorithm based on an improved patch-based multi-view stereo (PMVS) algorithm is proposed. The new algorithm improves PMVS from two aspects: first, increasing the propagation directions, second, on the basis of the expansion, different expansion radius and times are set by the angle between the normal vector of the seed patch and the direction vector of the line passing through the seed patch center and the camera center. Compared with PMVS, the number of 3D points made by the new algorithm is three times as much as PMVS. And the holes in the vertical side are also eliminated.
Fast Gas Chromatography and Its Use in Pesticide Residues Analysis

Pesticides have been worldwide used for the protection of food crops against pests and diseases. It is common that residues of these pesticides occur in food products, especially agricultural commodities. Adverse effects on human health of pesticides residues remaining in food after they are applied to food crops are generally known. Possible health risk due to pesticide residues in the diet has deeply modified the strategy for the crop protection, with emphasis on food quality and safety. The widespread concern for the health of society led to the strict regulation of maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticide residues in food commodities. There are various organizations that set maximum residue limits (MRLs), such as European Commission (EC), Codex Alimentarius or national governments in Australia, Canada, Japan, USA, etc. Individual limits for different active substance per food commodity combinations are being set by EC within the range of 0.0008-50 mg.kg-1 (Directive 91/414/EEC). Newly discovered ecotoxicological problems, particularly the knowledge on endocrine disrupting effects (Colborn et al., 1993; Lintelmann et al., 2003) related also to pesticide residues, emphasise the acute requirement of analytical methods development with increased sensitivity and reliability for monitoring, confirmation and quantification of lower residue levels. Analysis close to these levels corresponds to the ultratrace analysis. This calls for urgent attention in two areas: (a) legislative requirements continuously decreasing the maximum acceptable concentration levels in food, and (b) the apparent importance of methods development in the area of pesticide residues analysis. The urgent requirement for low-level analyses promotes also contribution to the science – in the field of separation methods for ultra-trace analysis of organic pollutants in complex mixtures. The method development heads to speeding up the analysis (what leads to reduction of financial demands) while preserving the efficiency of conventional approaches or getting even better efficiency. In pesticide residues analysis additionally there is ever increasing interest to analyse as many analytes as possible in a single analysis. In the case of semivolatile pesticide residues analysis gas chromatography (GC) still plays an important role. Scientifically valid methods for the analysis at low concentration levels are currently still often very close to limits of detections (LODs). The most efficient approach to pesticide analysis involves the use of multiclass, multiresidue methods (MRMs). The sample preparation procedure should be taken into consideration together with the chromatographic analysis and detection in many aspects, mainly in limit of quantifications (LOQs) and selectivity. In multiresidue pesticides analysis used for an inspection of the
SAR interferometry : issues, techniques, applications

Abstract Data from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) can provide three-dimensional information by using the phase as an additional information source derived from the complex radar data. In this paper, the issues, techniques and applications of SAR interferometry are reviewed. After a brief historical review, the geometric implementations of SAR interferometry are described. The general processing techniques are summarized and an introduction to various phase unwrapping techniques is given. Besides the differential use of SAR interferometry, the review focuses on parameters such as baseline, decorrelation and motion compensation which have a limiting influence on the quality of the data. After evaluating the various existing and potential applications using SAR interferometric techniques such as topographic mapping, digital elevation modelling, slope measurement, change detection, classification, ocean currents, polar research, seismic events and volcanic hazards, the paper concludes with s.
Is there a causal relationship between cosmic noise absorption and PMSE?

We report on the first Southern Hemisphere comparison between polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) and cosmic noise absorption (CNA). Observations were obtained during the austral summer of 2003–2004 from a 55 MHz MST radar, a 38.2 MHz imaging riometer and a 30 MHz standard riometer all co‐located at Davis, Antarctica (68.6°S). Case study PMSE events suggest that CNA plays a role in the intensification of established dayside PMSE possibly linked with soft electron precipitation from the polar cusp, and indeed with a similar effect and moreover with the creation of night‐side PMSE connected with hard auroral electron precipitation. Although Pearson correlation coefficients are not that high (i.e., 0.423), Spearman rank correlation coefficients of 0.315, with 123 degrees of freedom well above the 99% confidence limits, established that a weak correlation between CNA and PMSE intensity exists. We use this result to discuss two unexplained properties of PMSE: (i) diurnal minimum near ∼15–21 UT; and (ii) non‐linear intensity variation as a function of latitude. Surprisingly, this study presents only the second analysis of this kind using co‐located instruments.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Seismic Quiescence prior to the 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake Revealed by an Improved Region–Time–Length Algorithm

The region–time–length (RTL) algorithm, which takes into account the epicenter, time, and magnitude of earthquakes, is an effective technique in detecting seismic quiescence. In order to reduce the possible ambiguity due to the selection of model parameters in the RTL algorithm, we propose an improved technique of searching for the optimal model parameters. As a case study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of seismic quiescence prior to the M 9.0 Tohoku earthquake by applying the improved RTL algorithm to the declustered and complete earthquake catalog of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The temporal variation of the RTL parameter at the epicenter indicated that a seismic quiescence occurred between 2006 and 2008. The spatial distribution showed the consistent time window of the appearance of anomalous quiescence near the epicenter. The significance of the seismic quiescence anomaly was supported by the close investigations of model parameter effects and the stochastic test based on randomized earthquake catalogs.
Using support vector regression to predict direct runoff, base flow and total flow in a mountainous watershed with limited data in Uttaranchal, India

Abstract Using support vector regression to predict direct runoff, base flow and total flow in a mountainous watershed with limited data in Uttaranchal, India. In the ecologically sensitive Himalayan region, land transformations and utilization of natural resources have modified water flow patterns. To ascertain future sustainable water supply it is necessary to predict water flow from the watersheds as affected by rainfall and morphological parameters. Although such predictions may be made using available process- -based models, in mountainous and hilly areas it is extremely difficult to determine the numerous parameters needed to run such models, thus limiting their applicability. Artificial intelligence (AI) based models are a possible alternative in such circumstances. In this study an AI technique, support vector machines (SVM), was used for modeling the rainfall-runoff relationship from three hilly watersheds in the state of Uttaranchal, India. Different SVM models were developed to predict direct runoff, base flow, and total flow based on the daily rainfall, runoff, and morphological parameters collected from each watershed. The results confirm the potential of SVM models in the prediction of runoff, base flow, and total flow in hilly areas. Streszczenie Wykorzystanie wektorów wspierających w zależnościach regresyjnych do prognozowania odpływu bezpośredniego i całkowitego w zlewniach górskich przy ograniczonej liczbie danych w zlewni Uttaranchal, Indie. Na obszarach wrażliwych, jakim są Himalaje, zmiany w wykorzystaniu powierzchni obszarów górskich oraz zasobów przyrodniczych modyfikują warunki kształtowania się odpływu. Dla zrównoważonego gospodarowania zasobami wodnymi w tym regionie koniecznym jest prognozowanie odpływu ze zlewni na podstawie opadu i warunków morfologicznych obszaru. Prognozowanie odpływu przy wykorzystaniu modeli deterministycznych jest dosyć trudne i ograniczone ze względu na trudności w identyfikacji wielu parametrów. W pracy zastosowano modele wykorzystujące techniki sztucznej inteligencji (AI) za pomocą wektorów wspierających (SVM) jako alternatywę do modelowania zależności opad-odpływ dla trzech zlewni górskich w stanie Uttaranchal, Indie. Wyniki zawarte w pracy potwierdzają możliwość wykorzystanie metody SVM do prognozowania charakterystycznych wielkości odpływu w warunkach górskich.
Genetic Variability and Heritability Studies in F4 Progenies of Tef (Eragrostis tef)

The present investigation was conducted on F 2 -derived F 4 bulk families of three crosses, viz, DZ-01- 974 × DZ-01-2786, DZ-01-974 × DZ-Cr-37 and Alba x Kaye Murri. To estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance; to assess cross performance, 63 F 4 families were taken randomly from each of the three crosses. The 189 F 4 families, five parents and two checks were space planted following in 14×14 simple lattice design at two locations, namely, Debre Zeit and Akaki. The F 4 families differed significantly for all the eleven agronomic characters studied except hundred kernel weight at both locations. At Debre Zeit, the families of the cross DZ-01-974 × DZ-Cr-37 were the highest yielders and at Akaki, the families of the cross DZ-01-974 × DZ-01-2786 were the highest yielders. Heritability and genetic advance were high for grain yield, harvest index and lodging index at Debre Zeit. At Akaki, heritability and genetic advance were high for lodging index, grain yield, plant height and days to heading.
Roasting the mantle: Slab melting and the genesis of major Au and Au-rich Cu deposits

The generation of large deposits of Au and Cu in suprasubduction-zone settings depends upon a combination of factors, including availability of the chalcophile elements to arc magmas in their mantle source regions, and the operation of suitable hydrothermal systems in the upper crust where the deposits eventually form. The removal of chalcophile elements from the mantle wedge into arc magmas can only occur if sulfide is absent from the melted source rock, requiring oxidation of the mantle wedge to values of log f O 2 > FMQ + 2, where f O 2 is oxygen fugacity and FMQ is the fayalite-magnetite-quartz oxygen buffer. The only agent capable of effecting this change is ferric iron, carried in solution by slab-derived partial melts or supercritical fluids. Arc magmas with high potential to generate Au and Cu deposits will have certain geochemical characteristics; they will have f O 2 more than two log units above FMQ and they will have either adakitic, sodic-alkaline, or potassic-ultrapotassic affinities. Favorable tectonic settings include subduction of very young lithosphere or very slow or oblique convergence, flat subduction, and the cessation of subduction.
Enhanced cAMP Protein Kinase A Signaling Determines Improved Insulin Secretion in a Clonal Insulin-Producing -Cell Line (INS-1 832/13)

In type 2 diabetes, -cells become glucose unresponsive, contributing to hyperglycemia. To address this problem, we recently created clonal insulin-producing cell lines from the INS-1 insulinoma line, which exhibit glucose responsiveness ranging from poor to robust. Here, mechanisms that determine secretory performance were identified by functionally comparing glucoseresponsive 832/13 -cells with glucose-unresponsive 832/2 -cells. Thus, insulin secretion from 832/13 cells maximally rose 8-fold in response to glucose, whereas 832/2 cells responded only 1.5-fold. Insulin content in both lines was similar, indicating that differences in stimulus-secretion coupling account for the differential secretory performance. Forskolin or isobutylmethylxanthine markedly enhanced insulin secretion from 832/13 but not from 832/2 cells, suggesting that cAMP is essential for the enhanced secretory performance of 832/13 cells. Indeed, 8-bromoadenosine-3 ,5 -cyclic monophosphorothioate, rp-isomer (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS) an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), inhibited insulin secretion in response to glucose with or without forskolin. Interestingly, whereas forskolin markedly increased cAMP in 832/2 cells, 832/13 cells exhibited only a marginal rise in cAMP. This suggests that 832/13 cells are more sensitive to cAMP. Indeed, the cAMPinduced exocytotic response in patch-clamped 832/13 cells was 2-fold greater than in 832/2 cells. Furthermore, immunoblotting revealed that expression of the catalytic subunit of PKA was 2-fold higher in 832/13 cells. Moreover, when the regulatory subunit of PKA was overexpressed in 832/13 cells, to reduce the level of unbound and catalytically active kinase, insulin secretion and PKA activity were blunted. Our findings show that cAMP-PKA signaling correlates with secretory performance in -cells. (Molecular Endocrinology 18: 2312–2320, 2004)
Effect of Laser and LED on Enzymatic Production of Ceramide

An enzyme (Phospholipase C Type I from Clostridium perfringens) was exposed to 0–810 J cm−2 of energy using laser light at wavelengths 808, 532, 1064 and 1342 nm and two LED light sources at wavelengths 810 and 640 nm. Enzyme responses were evaluated by measuring ceramide concentration using high performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 17, 24 h after irradiation. The duration of effect was evaluated from the experimental data. The results show that enzyme activity can be increased by using both laser and LED sources whose wavelength is located within a certain range. The effect depends on the energy and wavelength of the light. The increase in enzyme activity continued for about 4 h after irradiation. This study shows that the duration of irradiation should be included as one of the main laser parameters when reporting on the effects of laser irradiation on enzymes. We also find that laser sources and LED sources have the same effect on enzyme activity if the wavelength and absorbed energy are equal.
The magnetic storm of May 13–17, 1921, at Alibag Observatory, India

A violent magnetic storm began on May 13, 1921, and lasted for about 90 hours. Magnetic disturbances are classified at the Bombay (Alibag) Observatory into four groups: Small, Moderate, Great, and Very Great. The present disturbance is one of the greatest that have been recorded during the past 50 years. In point of duration there were only two disturbances, in July, 1883, and May, 1891, respectively, which lasted for a longer time than the present one; but they were not so violent in character.
Simultaneous dimensionality reduction and denoising of hyperspectral imagery using bivariate wavelet shrinking and principal component analysis

In this paper, we propose a method that not only reduces the dimensionality of a hyperspectral data cube but also removes noise in the data cube by combining the bivariate wavelet thresholding with principal component analysis (PCA). The data cube thus obtained is applied to mineral endmember extraction and mineral detection. The reason why we incorporate bivariate wavelet denoising into PCA dimensionality reduction is because the dimensionality-reduced channels using PCA often contain significant amounts of noise. By reducing noise in the data cube, we can get better dimensionality-reduced output channels for hyperspectral data analysis and processing. Experiments reported in this paper confirm that the proposed method outperforms PCA for endmember extraction and mineral detection using the Cuprite data cube.
Analysis of full waveform LIDAR data for the classification of deciduous and coniferous trees

The paper describes a methodology for tree species classification using features that are derived from small‐footprint full waveform Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data. First, 3‐dimensional coordinates of the laser beam reflections, the intensity, and the pulse width are extracted by a waveform decomposition, which fits a series of Gaussian pulses to the waveform. Since multiple reflections are detected, and even overlapping pulse reflections are distinguished, a much higher point density is achieved compared to the conventional first/last‐pulse technique. Secondly, tree crowns are delineated from the canopy height model (CHM) using the watershed algorithm. The CHM posts are equally spaced and robustly interpolated from the highest reflections in the canopy. Thirdly, tree features computed from the 3‐dimensional coordinates of the reflections, the intensity and the pulse width are used to detect coniferous and deciduous trees by an unsupervised classification. The methodology is applied to datasets that have been captured with the TopEye MK II scanner and the Riegl LMS‐Q560 scanner in the Bavarian Forest National Park in leaf‐on and leaf‐off conditions for Norway spruces, European beeches and Sycamore maples. The classification, which groups the data into two clusters (coniferous, deciduous), leads in the best case to an overall accuracy of 85% in a leaf‐on situation and 96% in a leaf‐off situation.
C57BL/6N Mutation in Cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2 Regulates Cocaine Response

Not All Mice Are Equal Different laboratories often use different strains of inbred animals, but one cannot make behavioral comparisons and assume that their reaction to interventions will necessarily be similar. Kumar et al. (p. 1508) have detected differences in cocaine response between the widely used C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mouse strains and used quantitative trait locus analysis to identify a mutation in an inducible gene, Cyfip, that interacts with the Fragile X protein (FMRP) to regulate sensitivity and sensitization to cocaine through regulation of neuronal connectivity. Acute locomotor responses to cocaine differ significantly in the most widely used inbred strains of laboratory mice. The inbred mouse C57BL/6J is the reference strain for genome sequence and for most behavioral and physiological phenotypes. However, the International Knockout Mouse Consortium uses an embryonic stem cell line derived from a related C57BL/6N substrain. We found that C57BL/6N has a lower acute and sensitized response to cocaine and methamphetamine. We mapped a single causative locus and identified a nonsynonymous mutation of serine to phenylalanine (S968F) in Cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2 (Cyfip2) as the causative variant. The S968F mutation destabilizes CYFIP2, and deletion of the C57BL/6N mutant allele leads to acute and sensitized cocaine-response phenotypes. We propose that CYFIP2 is a key regulator of cocaine response in mammals and present a framework to use mouse substrains to identify previously unknown genes and alleles regulating behavior.
ROR (cid:2) and ROR (cid:3) are expressed in human skin and serve as receptors for endogenously produced noncalcemic 20-hydroxy- and 20,23-dihydroxyvitamin D

ROR (cid:2) and ROR (cid:3) are expressed in human skin cells that produce the noncalcemic 20-hydroxyvi-tamin D 3 [20(OH)D 3 ] and 20,23-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [20,23(OH) 2 D 3 ]. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing a Tet-on ROR (cid:2) or ROR (cid:3) expression vector and a ROR-responsive element (RORE)-LUC reporter, and a mammalian 2-hybrid model examining the interaction between the ligand binding domain (LBD) of ROR (cid:2) or ROR (cid:3) with an LBD-interacting LXXLL-peptide, quantitation splenocyte