Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Acquisition Model for both Choosing and Resolving Anaphora in Conjoined Mandarin Chinese Sentences

Anaphoric reference is an important linguistic phenomenon to understand the discourse structure and content. In Chinese natural language processing, there are both the problems of choosing and resolving anaphora. In Mandarin Chinese, several linguists have attempted to propose criteria to explain the phenomenon of anaphora but with controversial results. On the other hand, search-based computational techniques for resolving anaphora are neither the best way to resolve Chinese anaphora nor to facilitate choosing anaphora. Thus, to facilitate both choosing and resolving anaphora with accuracy and efficiency, we propose a case-based learning model G-UNIMEM to automatically acquire anaphoric regularity from a sample set of training sentences, which are annotated with a list of features. The regularity acquired from training was then tested and compared with other approaches in both choosing and resolving anaphora.
Autoscopy Jr.: Intrusion Detection for Embedded Control Systems

Securing embedded control systems within the power grid presents a unique challenge: on top of the resource restrictions inherent to these devices, SCADA systems must also accommodate strict timing requirements that are non-negotiable, and their massive scale greatly amplifies costs such as power consumption. These constraints make the conventional approach to host intrusion detection—namely, employing virtualization in some manner—too costly or impractical for embedded control systems within critical infrastructure. Instead, we take an in-kernel approach to system protection, building upon the Autoscopy system developed by Ashwin Ramaswamy that places probes on indirectly-called functions and uses them to monitor its host system for behavior characteristic of control-flow-altering malware, such as rootkits. In this thesis, we attempt to show that such a method would indeed be a viable method of protecting embedded control systems. We first identify several issues with the original prototype, and present a new version of the program (dubbed Autoscopy Jr.) that uses trusted location lists to verify that control is coming from a known, trusted location inside our kernel. Although we encountered additional performance overhead when testing our new design, we developed a kernel profiler that allowed us to identify the probes responsible for this overhead and discard them, leaving us with a final probe list that generated less than 5% overhead on every one of our benchmark tests. Finally, we attempted to run Autoscopy Jr. on two specialized kernels (one with an optimized probing framework, and another with a hardening patch installed), finding that the former did not produce enough performance benefits to preclude using our profiler, and that the latter required a different method of scanning for indirect functions for Autoscopy Jr. to operate. We argue that Autoscopy Jr. is indeed a feasible intrusion detection system for embedded control systems, as it can adapt easily to a variety of system architectures and allows us to intelligently balance security and performance on these critical devices.
Clinical and pathological features and the BRAF(V600E) mutation in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with and without concurrent Hashimoto thyroiditis.

BACKGROUND It has been reported that patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have a high incidence of background Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT); however, the linkage of HT to PTC is controversial. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of activating point mutations in BRAFV600E is much higher (73-86%) in Korea than in Western countries (29-69%), and associated with a poor prognosis in PTC. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the frequency of the BRAFV600E mutation in PTC with and without HT, and to determine clinical and pathological features that were associated with concomitant HT and PTC. METHODS Fine-needle aspiration slides from 101 patients with surgically confirmed PTC were studied. The DNA was extracted from the atypical cells that were scraped from slides. It was then analyzed for the BRAFV600E mutation by pyrosequencing. In addition, the presence of background HT in surgical specimens and other clinical and pathological features of the patients were characterized. RESULTS HT was present in 37 (36.6%) of the patients. The BRAFV600E mutation was present in 27 (72.9%) of patients with HT but was present in 61 (95.3%) of patients without HT ( p#0.01). The inverse correlation of concurrent HT with the BRAFV600E mutation was significant for both males and females ( p < 0.01). The presence of background HT was not associated with tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node (LN) metastasis, or tumor stage. The patients were younger in the group without background HT (44.1 +/- 13.2 vs. 49.8 +/- 13.9, p 1/40.05). The BRAFV600E mutation was present in 88 (87.1%) of the 101 patients with PTC. The presence of the BRAFV600E mutation was significantly associated with LN metastasis ( p < 0.02; odds ratio, 6.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-25.79). CONCLUSION In Korean patients with PTC, the BRAFV600E mutation is associated with a lower frequency of background HT and a high frequency of LN metastasis.
Gathering Our Sages, Mentors, and Healers: Postcolonial Women Writers and Narratives of Healing

By thinking through the relation between racialized women’s writing, spirituality, and sensuality, the article explores how creative and critical writing can offer a kind of “spiritual medicine” for women in general and ethnic minority women in particular, and how creative expressions can serve to develop individual and collective consciousness around healing, political resistance, and social transformation. The article is concerned with how writing and the creative arts can help women make sense of individual and collective pain by offering profound relief for the writer, the reader, and the larger community. Here, it will examine the different narratives of healing by postcolonial women writers in order to reflect on their sensual spiritual interconnection in the global, material, interdependent world. It argues that it is critical for women, particularly ethnic minority women, to take the stance of self-love and self-care, including the active seeking of affirmative self-actualization and liberation. The article suggests that in order to create ethical cultures of positive transformation, recovery, respect, and dignity, women need to gather their sages, mentors, and healers to produce knowledge that can transform them into more holistic, organic, sensual, spiritual, intellectual, interconnected, and accountable beings.
Multi-core Spanning Forest Algorithms using the Disjoint-set Data Structure

We present new multi-core algorithms for computing spanning forests and connected components of large sparse graphs. The algorithms are based on the use of the disjoint-set data structure. When compared with the previous best algorithms for these problems our algorithms are appealing for several reasons: Extensive experiments using up to 40 threads on several different types of graphs show that they scale better. Also, the new algorithms do not make use of any hardware specific routines, and thus are highly portable. Finally, the algorithms are quite simple and easy to implement.
Entre mirage conceptuel et réalités managériales : quand des exigences de performance économique conduisent à des pratiques de responsabilité sociale... ou vice versa ?

L’idee de responsabilite sociale de l’entreprise (RSE) revet aujourd’hui un enjeu specifique pour les employeurs. Mais qu’est-ce que la RSE ? Dans cet article, nous cherchons d’abord a montrer que la definition, la mise en œuvre et la mesure de la RSE sont chacune si diverse qu’elles en nourrissent tout a la fois le mythe et la realite. Pour attester qu’une entreprise est socialement responsable, on dispose d’un choix de conceptions si heterogenes et parfois si divergentes, qu’aucun systeme de mesure consistant, valide et stable de la RSE ne semble faire l’unanimite. C’est pourquoi nous proposons un changement de perspective dans l’etude de la RSE.En effet, plutot que de chercher a en definir et a en verifier l’exercice, ne pourrait-on pas chercher a identifier les conditions favorables aux resultats que l’on attend de la mise en œuvre concrete de la RSE ? Cette perspective permettrait notamment d’apprehender la situation et l’evolution de nombreuses entreprises qui, bien qu’etant ecartees de la RSE par les definitions et les modes de mesure en usage, pourraient pourtant etre qualifiees de socialement responsables.La promotion de la RSE repose sur l’espoir d’obtenir, a partir de l’action des entreprises, des resultats societaux a l’echelle globale, parmi lesquels des resultats sociaux, relatifs, eux, a la vie des salaries. Or, il nous semble pertinent de porter la recherche sur l’elaboration ou le renforcement de dispositifs dont la mise en œuvre aboutit deja a de tels resultats, en particulier au plan micro. Cette perspective d’etude conduirait peut-etre a mieux integrer les questions locales et les questions sociales, a replacer les dirigeants d’entreprises de toutes tailles et de tous secteurs dans le debat de la RSE et enfin, a valoriser des dispositifs de gestion qui concourent notamment au renforcement de l’employabilite des personnes, tels que celui de l’alternance, dont nous avons observe les fruits dans trois entreprises desquelles nous avons etudie les strategies et les pratiques de GRH. Et si une entreprise socialement responsable, c’etait avant tout, a une echelle locale et sociale, une entreprise capable d’assurer une employabilite durable en concertation avec ses parties prenantes ?
What Kinds of Firms Hire and Promote Women and Blacks? A Review of the Literature*

Research which reports the effects of global and contextual organizational characteristics on patterns of female and black participation in organizational work forces is reviewed. Explanations of work-force composition include economic and political conditions internal and external to the organization. Findings are organized and summarized by means of twelve propositional. statements. Moderate support exists to link formalization, occupational composition of the work force, and community values to the sexual and racial composition of the organization's work force. Centralization, executive characteristics, unionization, community labor-force composition, and community supply of labor have also been linked to work-force composition—but less frequently or less consistently. Slack resources, demand for labor, visibility of operations, and dependence on government contracts also affect work-force compositions—but indirectly. The review concludes by noting limitations in the existing literature and by making s.
Theoretical evaluation and comparison of fast chemical shift imaging methods.

Magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging (CSI) is becoming the method of choice for localized NMR spectroscopic examinations, allowing simultaneous detection of NMR spectra from a large number of voxels. The main limitation of these methods is their long experimental duration. A number of fast CSI experiments have been presented, promising to reduce that duration. In this contribution the criteria for evaluating and optimizing the sensitivity of fast CSI experiments are elaborated. For a typical experiment in the human brain, the performance of various methods is compared. While conventional CSI provides optimal sensitivity per unit time, it is shown in which circumstances fast sequences allow a shorter experimental duration. Using these results, the best method for any experimental requirements can be selected.
Sublethal Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection Effects on Female Pupal Weight, Egg Mass Size, and Vertical Transmission in Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Abstract Gypsy moth females that survived inoculation with Lymantria dispar (L.) nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV) as fifth instars were smaller as pupae and laid fewer eggs as adults. Treatment with both wild type virus containing the egt gene and a genetically manipulated, egt- virus, lacking this gene, reduced pupal mass to a similar degree. Sublethal infection with wild type virus reduced the masses of surviving pupae at 20, 25, and 28°C. A relationship between virus dose (5,000, 50,000 and 500,000 occlusion bodies per larva), mass of pupae, and egg mass size only occurred in one experiment in which larvae were reared at 25°C and inoculated 5 d after molt to the fifth instar. Vertical transmission of overt infection occurred in two of 13 egg masses (15%) produced by females inoculated with virus as larvae. The five larvae infected with virus were ≈0.5% of the larvae tested. Whether sublethal effects of LdNPV infection occur in field populations of gypsy moth remains to be tested.
Social cognitive mediators of the effect of the MobileMums intervention on physical activity.

OBJECTIVE To explore whether improvements in physical activity following the MobileMums intervention were mediated by changes in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs targeted in the intervention (barrier self efficacy, goal setting skills, outcome expectancy, social support, and perceived environmental opportunity for exercise). This paper also examined if the mediating constructs differed between initial (baseline to 6 weeks) and overall (baseline to 13 weeks) changes in physical activity. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial involving 88 postnatal women (<12 months postpartum). Participants were randomized to receive either the 12-week MobileMums intervention or a minimal-contact control condition. Physical activity and proposed mediators were assessed by self-report at baseline, 6 weeks, and 13 weeks. Walking for Exercise frequency was assessed using the Australian Women's Activity Survey and frequency of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using a single-item question. RESULTS Initial improvements in goal-setting skills mediated the relationship between experimental condition and initial changes in MVPA, αβ (95% CI) = 0.23(0.01, 0.59), and Walking for Exercise, αβ (95% CI) = 0.34(0.06, 0.73). Initial improvements in barrier self efficacy mediated the relationship between experimental condition and initial change in MVPA, αβ (95% CI) = 0.36(0.12, 0.65), but not Walking for Exercise. None of the SCT outcomes significantly mediated the relationship between experimental condition and overall (baseline to 13 weeks) change in frequency of MVPA or Walking for Exercise. CONCLUSION Future interventions with postnatal women using SCT should target barrier self-efficacy and goal setting skills in order to increase physical activity.
The Isolated Comet Tail Pseudopodium of Listeria monocytogenes: A Tail of Two Actin Filament Populations, Long and Axial and Short and Random

Listeria monocytogenes is driven through infected host cytoplasm by a comet tail of actin filaments that serves to project the bacterium out of the cell surface, in pseudopodia, to invade neighboring cells. The characteristics of pseudopodia differ according to the infected cell type. In PtK2 cells, they reach a maximum length of ∼15 μm and can gyrate actively for several minutes before reentering the same or an adjacent cell. In contrast, the pseudopodia of the macrophage cell line DMBM5 can extend to >100 μm in length, with the bacteria at their tips moving at the same speed as when at the head of comet tails in bulk cytoplasm. We have now isolated the pseudopodia from PtK2 cells and macrophages and determined the organization of actin filaments within them. It is shown that they possess a major component of long actin filaments that are more or less splayed out in the region proximal to the bacterium and form a bundle along the remainder of the tail. This axial component of filaments is traversed by variable numbers of short, randomly arranged filaments whose number decays along the length of the pseudopodium. The tapering of the tail is attributed to a grading in length of the long, axial filaments. The exit of a comet tail from bulk cytoplasm into a pseudopodium is associated with a reduction in total F-actin, as judged by phalloidin staining, the shedding of α-actinin, and the accumulation of ezrin. We propose that this transition reflects the loss of a major complement of short, random filaments from the comet, and that these filaments are mainly required to maintain the bundled form of the tail when its borders are not restrained by an enveloping pseudopodium membrane. A simple model is put forward to explain the origin of the axial and randomly oriented filaments in the comet tail.
Cultures of Infancy

Contents: Preface. Foreword. The Conception of Infancy. The Psychobiology of Infancy. The Concept of Culture. The Research Methodology: Infancy Assessment. Cultural Models of Parenting. Variations of Independence and Interdependence. Relationships Among the Dimensions of the Parenting Model. Developmental Consequences of the Early Parenting Experiences. Cultural Models of Parenting and Developmental Pathways: Synthesis and Conclusion.
Interfacial catalysis: the mechanism of phospholipase A2

A chemical description of the action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) can now be inferred with confidence from three high-resolution x-ray crystal structures. The first is the structure of the PLA2 from the venom of the Chinese cobra (Naja naja atra) in a complex with a phosphonate transition-state analogue. This enzyme is typical of a large, well-studied homologous family of PLA2S. The second is a similar complex with the evolutionarily distant bee-venom PLA2. The third structure is the uninhibited PLA2 from Chinese cobra venom. Despite the different molecular architectures of the cobra and bee-venom PLA2s, the transition-state analogue interacts in a nearly identical way with the catalytic machinery of both enzymes. The disposition of the fatty-acid side chains suggests a common access route of the substrate from its position in the lipid aggregate to its productive interaction with the active site. Comparison of the cobra-venom complex with the uninhibited enzyme indicates that optimal binding and catalysis at the lipid-water interface is due to facilitated substrate diffusion from the interfacial binding surface to the catalytic site rather than an allosteric change in the enzyme's structure. However, a second bound calcium ion changes its position upon the binding of the transition-state analogue, suggesting a mechanism for augmenting the critical electrophile.
Identifying the Nature of Consumer’s eWOM Activity on Facebook Brand Pages: an Exploratory Study

The purpose of the paper is to explore the nature of consumer participation in eWOM activities on Facebook brand pages. This paper aims to add to the academic literature on eWOM and brand communities by exploring consumer communication on the official and unofficial Facebook brand pages and groups. The authors also look into the interconnectedness of the members’ personal Facebook profiles and brand-related pages. The paper thereby does not limit the exploration of eWOM activity to the social media-based brand communities; but also explores the members’ brand-related communication within their broader network of ‘friends’. The study also looks into how the fans construct and project their image though their interactions with brands.
SP1 mediates the link between methylation of the tumour suppressor miR‐149 and outcome in colorectal cancer

Although recent studies indicate that DNA methylation contributes to the down‐regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC), this field remains largely unexplored. To identify methylation‐silenced miRNAs and clarify their role in CRC, we performed a microarray analysis and screened for miRNAs that were induced in CRC cells by 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine treatment or by the knockdown of DNA methyltransferases. The DNA methylation status of the candidate miRNA was analysed by bisulphite sequencing PCR and methylation‐specific PCR. We found that miRNA‐149 (miR‐149) was epigenetically silenced in CRC and down‐regulation of miR‐149 was associated with hypermethylation of the neighbouring CpG island (CGI). Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that the miR‐149 level was markedly reduced in 51.6% of the CRC tissues compared with matched non‐cancerous tissues. In addition, low expression of miR‐149 was associated with a greater depth of invasion ($\it{p} = 0.012$), lower 5‐year survival rate ($\it{p} = 0.025$), and was found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival ($\it{p} = 0.016$) in a multivariate analysis. Moreover, transfection of miR‐149 inhibited cell growth and invasion of CRC cells in vitro. We also identified mRNA for Specificity Protein 1 (SP1, Sp1), a potential oncogenic protein, as a target of miR‐149. Our data suggest that, as a methylation‐sensitive miRNA, miR‐149 may play an important role as a tumour suppressor in CRC, which has prognostic and therapeutic implications. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic phonological knowledge: the case of Hungarian vowel harmony

In Hungarian, stems ending in a back vowel plus one or more neutral vowels show unusual behaviour: for such stems, the otherwise general process of vowel harmony is lexically idiosyncratic. Particular stems can take front suffixes, take back suffixes or vacillate. Yet at a statistical level, the patterning among these stems is lawful: in the aggregate, they obey principles that relate the propensity to take back or front harmony to the height of the rightmost vowel and to the number of neutral vowels. We argue that this patterned statistical variation in the Hungarian lexicon is internalised by native speakers. Our evidence is that they replicate the pattern when they are asked to apply harmony to novel stems in a ‘wug’ test (Berko 1958). Our test results match quantitative data about the Hungarian lexicon, gathered with an automated Web search. We model the speakers' knowledge and intuitions with a grammar based on the dual listing/generation model of Zuraw (2000), then show how the constraint rankings of this grammar can be learned by algorithm.
LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 Interacts with Catalases to Regulate Hypersensitive Cell Death in Arabidopsis1[C][W]

A zinc finger-domain protein interacts with catalases to regulate hypersensitive cell death in Arabidopsis. LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (lsd1) is an important negative regulator of programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The loss-of-function mutations in lsd1 cause runaway cell death triggered by reactive oxygen species. lsd1 encodes a novel zinc finger protein with unknown biochemical activities. Here, we report the identification of CATALASE3 (CAT3) as an lsd1-interacting protein by affinity purification and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. The Arabidopsis genome contains three homologous catalase genes (CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3). Yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that lsd1 interacted with all three catalases both in vitro and in vivo, and the interaction required the zinc fingers of lsd1. We found that the catalase enzymatic activity was reduced in the lsd1 mutant, indicating that the catalase enzyme activity was partially dependent on lsd1. Consistently, the lsd1 mutant was more sensitive to the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole than the wild type, suggesting that the interaction between lsd1 and catalases is involved in the regulation of the reactive oxygen species generated in the peroxisome. Genetic studies revealed that lsd1 interacted with CATALASE genes to regulate light-dependent runaway cell death and hypersensitive-type cell death. Moreover, the accumulation of salicylic acid was required for PCD regulated by the interaction between lsd1 and catalases. These results suggest that the lsd1-catalase interaction plays an important role in regulating PCD in Arabidopsis.