Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do we still hurt newborn babies? A prospective study of procedural pain and analgesia in neonates.

BACKGROUND Despite an increasing awareness regarding pain management in neonates and the availability of published guidelines for the treatment of procedural pain, preterm neonates experience pain leading to short- and long-term detrimental effects. OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of use of analgesics in invasive procedures in neonates and the associated pain burden in this population. METHODS For 151 neonates, we prospectively recorded all painful procedures, including the number of attempts required, and analgesic therapy used during the first 14 days of neonatal intensive care unit admission. These data were linked to estimates of the pain of each procedure, obtained from the opinions of experienced clinicians. RESULTS On average, each neonate was subjected to a mean +/- SD of 14 +/- 4 procedures per day. The highest exposure to painful procedures occurred during the first day of admission, and most procedures (63.6%) consisted of suctioning. Many procedures (26 of 31 listed on a questionnaire) were estimated to be painful (pain scores >4 on a 10-point scale). Preemptive analgesic therapy was provided to fewer than 35% of neonates per study day, while 39.7% of the neonates did not receive any analgesic therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians estimated that most neonatal intensive care unit procedures are painful, but only a third of the neonates received appropriate analgesic therapy. Despite the accumulating evidence that neonatal procedural pain is harmful, analgesic treatment for painful procedures is limited. Systematic approaches are required to reduce the occurrence of pain and to improve the analgesic treatment of repetitive pain in neonates.
Charting the Tractability Frontier of Mixed Multi-Unit Combinatorial Auctions

Mixed multi-unit combinatorial auctions (MMUCAs) are extensions of classical combinatorial auctions (CAs) where bidders trade transformations of goods rather than just sets of goods. Solving MMUCAs, i.e., determining the sequences of bids to be accepted by the auctioneer, is computationally intractable in general. However, differently from CAs, little was known about whether polynomial-time solvable classes of MMUCAs can be singled out based on constraining their characteristics. The paper precisely fills this gap, by depicting a clear picture of the "tractability frontier" for MMUCA instances under both structural and qualitative restrictions, which characterize interactions among bidders and types of bids involved in the various transformations, respectively. By analyzing these restrictions, a sharp frontier is charted based on various dichotomy results. In particular, tractability islands resulting from the investigation generalize on MMUCAs the largest class of tractable CAs emerging from the literature.
Bacteria like sharing their sweets

Protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide formation are increasingly recognized as playing central roles in the survival and virulence of bacterial pathogens. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, structural analysis in Acinetobacter baumannii 17978 revealed that a pentasaccharide that decorates glycoproteins is formed of the same building blocks used for capsule biosynthesis demonstrating split roles for this glycan. Disruption of PglC, the initiating glycosyltransferase responsible for attachment of the first sugar to undecaprenylphosphate abolished glycoprotein production and capsule biosynthesis. Both pathways are demonstrated to be important in biofilm formation and pathogenesis, and disabling their synthesis should provide a useful route for antimicrobial design. Shared polysaccharide usage reduces the genetic and metabolic burden in a bacterial cell and is an emerging theme among bacterial pathogens that need to be energy efficient for their streamlined lifestyle.
A study on detecting and classifying underwater mine like objects using image processing techniques

Detection and classification of underwater mines among natural formations and debris along the sea floor is a tedious task. In order to overcome such scenario an automated computer aided detection and classification system is required. Image processing techniques are used to improve the performance of mine hunting operations using sector-scan, side-scan, magnetometers, cameras, etc. This paper serve as a strategic review of the potential for image processing techniques to aid the detection and classification of underwater mines and mine-like objects in side scan sonar imagery. Five basic components of any Computer-Aided Detection and Classification (CAD/CAC) technique are considered namely image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, computer aided detection and computer aided classification. In this paper more than thirty research papers of image processing techniques are clearly reviewed.
Lysosomal calcium regulates autophagy

Recent evidence has indicated that the lysosome is able to act as a signaling organelle that senses nutrient availability and generates an adaptive response that is important for cellular homeostasis. We recently discovered another example of lysosomal signaling where lysosomal calcium release activates the master autophagy regulator TFEB via the phosphatase calcineurin.
Milia complicating photocontact allergy to absorbent sunscreen chemicals

Clinically, a pedunculated appearance is extremely rare in metastatic malignant melanoma. In addition, the histopathological finding of melanoma cell epidermotropism is also rare in metastatic malignant melanoma. Here, we describe a case of epidermotropic metastatic malignant melanoma (EMMM) that showed a pedunculated appearance. A 71-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of an asymptomatic flesh-coloured tumour within his oral cavity. Physical examination revealed a dome shaped brown–red tumour in his oral cavity (Fig. 1a). Histopathological examination of this tumour revealed the growth of atypical melanocytes throughout the mucous epithelium and into the dermis to a depth of 3.4 mm, which led us to diagnose this tumour as a malignant melanoma (Fig. 1b). He also had a 2-month history of asymptomatic skin coloured tumours on his right shoulder and back. On his right shoulder, there was a pedunculated flesh-coloured scaly ovoid tumour 10 mm in diameter (Fig. 2a). Histological studies of this tumour showed various sized and shaped nests of melanoma cells that pushed aside collagen fibres and spread from the epidermis into the dermis (Fig. 2b-1). Within the epidermis, tumour nests were located mainly within the basal layer. Marked epidermotropism of the melanoma cells in the upper epidermis, demonstrating a Pagetoid cell appearance, could also be seen (Fig. 2b-2). On his back, there was an 8–9-mm sized,
Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Consumers- Welfare: Experience of Indian Manufacturing Sector

In the context of introduction of deregulatory policy measures and subsequent wave of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Indian corporate sector since 1991, the present paper attempts to examine the welfare implications of this wave. It is found that M&A do not have any significant impact on consumers’ welfare. Instead, consumers’ welfare is significantly influenced by exports intensity, imports intensity, advertising intensity, technology related efforts, and past profitability of the firms. While the industries with higher exports orientation or greater product differentiation or better financial performance experience greater loss in consumers’ welfare, it is less in the industries with greater competition from imports or better technology. Hence, the wave of M&A in Indian manufacturing sector in the post-liberalization era may not be a matter of serious concern from consumers’ welfare point of view. Instead, in many cases, M&A can help the firms in consolidating their business and enhancing competitiveness, and this may benefit the consumers in the form of greater efficiency and lower prices. Keywords—Mergers, acquisitions, concentration, welfare, India JEL Codes—L1, L2, L4, L5
A MULTI PARAMETRIC QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING SOLUTION TO ROBUST PREDICTIVE CONTROL

Abstract Multi parametric quadratic programming is an alternative means of implementing conventional predictive control algorithms whereby one transfers much of the computational load to offline calculations. This paper demonstrates how one can formulate a robust MPC problem as a quadratic program and hence make it amenable to MPQP solutions. The paper then derives some MPQP solutions and discusses the efficacy of these.
Assessing the impacts of climate change on water quantity and quality modelling in small Slovenian Mediterranean catchment – lesson for policy and decision makers

The study aims to address the long‐term impacts of six different downscaled Regional Climate Models (RCM) climate models on the quantity (river flow) and quality (sediment load, total nitrogen load and total phosphorus load) state of surface waters in the river Reka catchment, in the northern Mediterranean. Mediterranean areas are – due to high population density, favourable natural conditions for agriculture, limited water resources, diverse ecosystems biodiversity and expected climate change impacts – a global hotspot in climate research. Additionally, the study area lies on the border with the alpine climate zone, with a strong orographic effect on weather patterns. The location, and a wide range of studied parameters, provides an interesting insight into how various emerging climate change models may impact the status of surface waters and procedures for the governance of water resources. The study contributes to the knowledge and understanding of the climate change impact on the local catchment level, using the ensemble of the RCMs. It opens discussion about the impact of RCM selection on modelling climate changes with catchment models like Soil and Water Assessment Tool. This article also questions the usability of the results for the policy and decision makers in relation to the implementation of the results into short or long‐term water strategies or water/river management plans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architecture of a web browser for visually handicapped people

Internet has brought about an incredible improvement in human access to knowledge and information. However, blind people face difficulties in accessing these text materials. Web browsers for the visually handicapped people in the past have been limited to converting documents to Braille or speech, or extracting text and filtering. However, the human aspects of web surfing for blind people have not been adequately addressed. This paper presents an architecture of an open source, light weight web browser that makes it easy for the visually handicapped people to surf the web. The proposed architecture allows a blind person to navigate any web content through simple speech commands and voice feedback to any keyboard operation. The browser will have an integrated text extraction engine that inspects the content of the page to construct a structured representation. The internal nodes of the structure represent various levels of abstraction of the content. This helps in easy and flexible navigation of the page so as to rapidly home into objects of interest. Finally, the browser is integrated to an automatic Text-To-Speech and Text-To-Braille transliteration engine that outputs the selected text in the form of speech and/or Braille.
Farm-level economic impact of no-till farming in the Fort Cobb Reservoir Watershed

No-till farming has been identified as an important conservation practice with potential to improve soil quality and protect water quality. However, adoption of new tillage and production practices is determined by numerous economic and noneconomic factors in addition to land stewardship. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of fuel costs and crop yield on farm-level economics in no-till systems in comparison with other tillage systems for wheat production in southwestern Oklahoma. The Farm-level Economic Model, an annual economic simulation model, was used in conjunction with survey data from the Fort Cobb Reservoir Watershed in southwestern Oklahoma to determine impacts of alternative tillage practices on farm profits. Sensitivity analysis was performed using plausible ranges in diesel prices, winter wheat grain yields, herbicide costs, labor wages, and farm size. The results indicate that if winter wheat grain yields are not significantly impacted by tillage systems, no-till would be more profitable than conventional tillage or the current mix of tillage practices in the watershed. Only when there is a significant wheat yield penalty associated with no-till (10% or greater) might no-till be less profitable than conventional tillage or the status quo at reasonably high fuel prices. In general, for each 1% improvement in wheat yields under no-till relative to conventional tillage, no-till farm profits improve by US$7 ha−1 (US$3 ac−1) on farms that produce only winter wheat and an average of US$2.50 ha−1 (US$1 ac−1) if averaged across all farms in the Fort Cobb Reservoir Watershed, including those that do not produce winter wheat. The study also finds that higher diesel prices, higher labor wages, lower herbicide costs, and smaller farm sizes are all relatively advantageous to no-till.
A Synthesis of Tagging Studies Examining the Behaviour and Survival of Anadromous Salmonids in Marine Environments

This paper synthesizes tagging studies to highlight the current state of knowledge concerning the behaviour and survival of anadromous salmonids in the marine environment. Scientific literature was reviewed to quantify the number and type of studies that have investigated behaviour and survival of anadromous forms of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo trutta), steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii). We examined three categories of tags including electronic (e.g. acoustic, radio, archival), passive (e.g. external marks, Carlin, coded wire, passive integrated transponder [PIT]), and biological (e.g. otolith, genetic, scale, parasites). Based on 207 papers, survival rates and behaviour in marine environments were found to be extremely variable spatially and temporally, with some of the most influential factors being temperature, population, physiological state, and fish size. Salmonids at all life stages were consistently found to swim at an average speed of approximately one body length per second, which likely corresponds with the speed at which transport costs are minimal. We found that there is relatively little research conducted on open-ocean migrating salmonids, and some species (e.g. masu [O. masou] and amago [O. rhodurus]) are underrepresented in the literature. The most common forms of tagging used across life stages were various forms of external tags, coded wire tags, and acoustic tags, however, the majority of studies did not measure tagging/handling effects on the fish, tag loss/failure, or tag detection probabilities when estimating survival. Through the interdisciplinary application of existing and novel technologies, future research examining the behaviour and survival of anadromous salmonids could incorporate important drivers such as oceanography, tagging/handling effects, predation, and physiology.
Auxiliary Beam Pair Enabled AoD and AoA Estimation in Closed-Loop Large-Scale mmWave MIMO System

Channel estimation is of critical importance in millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Due to the use of large antenna arrays, low-complexity mmWave specific channel estimation algorithms are required. In this paper, an auxiliary beam pair design is proposed to provide high-resolution estimates of the channel's angle-of-departure (AoD) and angle-of-arrival (AoA) for mmWave MIMO systems. By performing an amplitude comparison with respect to each auxiliary beam pair, a set of ratio measures that characterize the channel's AoD and AoA are obtained by the receiver. Either the best ratio measure or the estimated AoD is quantized and fed back to the transmitter via a feedback channel. The proposed technique can be incorporated into control channel design to minimize initial access delay. Though the design principles are derived assuming a high-power regime, evaluation under more realistic assumption shows that by employing the proposed method, good angle estimation performance is achieved under various signal-to-noise ratio levels and channel conditions.
Terra MODIS on-orbit spectral characterization and performance

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) protoflight model onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Terra spacecraft has been in operation for over five years since its launch in December 1999. It makes measurements using 36 spectral bands with wavelengths from 0.41 to 14.5 mum. Bands 1-19 and 26 with wavelengths below 2.2 mum, the reflective solar bands (RSBs), collect daytime reflected solar radiance at three nadir spatial resolutions: 0.25 km (bands 1-2), 0.5 km (bands 3-7), and 1 km (bands 8-19 and 26). Bands 20-25 and 27-36, the thermal emissive bands, collect both daytime and nighttime thermal emissions, at 1-km nadir spatial resolution. The MODIS spectral characterization was performed prelaunch at the system level. One of the MODIS onboard calibrators, the Spectroradiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA), was designed to perform on-orbit spectral characterization of the MODIS RSB. This paper provides a brief overview of MODIS prelaunch spectral characterization, but focuses primarily on the algorithms and results of using the SRCA for on-orbit spectral characterization. Discussions are provided on the RSB center wavelength measurements and their relative spectral response retrievals, comparisons of on-orbit results with those from prelaunch measurements, and the dependence of center wavelength shifts on instrument temperature. For Terra MODIS, the center wavelength shifts over the past five years are less than 0.5 nm for most RSBs, indicating excellent stability of the instrument's spectral characteristics. Similar spectral performance has also been obtained from the Aqua MODIS (launched in May 2002) SRCA measurements
Flagship species, tourism, and support for Rubondo Island National Park, Tanzania

58 Introduction . 59 Methods . 62 Study Area . 62 The Survey . 62 The Data . 63 Data Analysis . 63 Modeling . 63 Model Building . 64 Model Selection . 65 Model Interpretation . 65 Univariate Analyses . 66 Results . 66 Modeling . 66
Chinese Text Segmentation for Text Retrieval: Achievements and Problems

Present text retrieval systems are generally built on the reductionist basis that words in texts (keywords) are used as indexing terms to represent the texts. A necessary precursor to these systems is word extraction which, for English texts, can be achieved automatically by using spaces and punctuations as word delimiters. This cannot be readily applied to Chinese texts because they do not have obvious word boundaries. A Chinese text consists of a linear sequence of nonspaced or equally spaced ideographic characters, which are similar to morphemes in English. Researchers of Chinese text retrieval have been seeking methods of text segmentation to divide Chinese texts automatically into words. First, a review of these methods is provided in which the various different approaches to Chinese text segmentation have been classified in order to provide a general picture of the research activity in this area. Some of the most important work is described. There follows a discussion of the problems of Chinese text segmentation with examples to illustrate. These problems include morphological complexities, segmentation ambiguity, and parsing problems, and demonstrate that text segmentation remains one of the most challenging and interesting areas for Chinese text retrieval. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A CHANGING SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO; 1961-2006

The pattern of socio-economic status has changed over a fortyfive year time period within the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area. The grouping of census tracts into one of three categories based on its neighbourhood change, between 1961 and 2006, serves as the primary organizing framework for this thesis. This study uses average individual income in order to defme the CMA's "Three Cities", extending from research by 1. David Hu1chanski ofToronto (2007). Census tracts belonging to Ancaster, Dundas, Flamborough and Grimsby comprise City 1, whose average individual income increased by 10% or more compared to the Hamilton CMA average individual income between 1961 and 2006. Census tracts ofBurlington, Glanbrook and West Hamilton consist of City 2, within which the average individual income relative to the CMA either increased or decreased by no more than 10%. East Hamilton, the Hamilton Mountain and Stoney Creek encompass City 3, which has seen a decrease in the average individual income compared to the CMA by 10% or more. Using census data for 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, :4001 and 2006 at the census tract level allows for the examining of the "Three Cities" at each period of time. Census variables include those related to: size and population, income, housing and tenure, education, immigration, households, and occupations. Distinct characteristics emerged between the "Three Cities" related to each of these variables. A contrasting divide exists between suburban communities and those ofEast Hamilton, the Hamilton Mountain and Stoney Creek. Results from this study add to the growing body of literature on social polarization, and offer a methodological contribution in that the grouping ofthe "Three Cities" characterize the CMA's census tracts over the fortyfive year time period.
Variational inference for nonparametric subspace dictionary learning with hierarchical beta process

Nonparametric Bayesian models have been implemented in dictionary learning. However, for signal samples from multiple subspaces, existing methods only learn one uniform dictionary and thus are not optimal for representing the subspace structures. To address this issue, we first utilize a combination of Dirichlet process and hierarchical Beta process as priors to infer the latent subspace number and dictionary dimension automatically; second, to derive tractable variational inference, we modify the priors with the Sethuraman's construction and further employ the multinomial approximation. Experimental results indicate that our approach can achieve a set of nonparametric subspace dictionaries, while showing performance enhancements in the tasks of image denoising.
Facteurs limitant la productivité phytoplanctonique dans 49 petits barrages

humide (1 200 mm par an), mais avec des périodes très sèches qui alternent avec des périodes de fortes précipitations. Le contrôle de l’eau à des fins d'intensification des activités agricoles et pastorales y est apparu comme une nécessité. Plusieurs centaines de petites retenues d’eau (surface < 1 km2) souvent formées à partir d’une digue barrant un bas-fond ont ainsi été créées au cours des dernières décennies autour de Korhogo. Au cours d’un cycle annuel, les conditions hydrologiques évoluent de la dilution (entrée d’eau lors des crues de saison des pluies) à la concentration (évaporation en saison sèche). De nombreux facteurs locaux (géographiques, hydrologiques, mais aussi anthropiques) concourent cependant à induire une importante hétérogénéité spatiale des conditions écologiques rencontrées dans ces milieux.