Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Errors Expected — Aligning Urban Strategy with Demographic Uncertainty in Shrinking Cities†

At the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of Europe's cities experienced a population decrease. Dealing with the results of demographic, economic and physical contraction processes and planning for the future of considerably smaller but nevertheless livable cities presents some of the most challenging tasks for urban Europe in the near future. This article highlights the example of Dresden in Eastern Germany, where the breakdown of the state-directed economy caused economic decline, industrial regression, and high unemployment rates. Due to out migration and decreasing birth rates, the city lost 60,000 of its 500,000 residents within one decade. As a consequence, there were housing and office vacancies as well as infrastructure oversupplies. Yet the administrative system was still directed towards growth objectives throughout the 1990s. Only after 2000 this situation changed dramatically. The new strategic plan for Dresden is no longer growth oriented. Instead, it focuses on a model of the compact ‘European city’, with an attractive urban centre, reduced land consumption, and a stable population. However, in another unexpected turn of events, within the last seven years the city has experienced an unexpected growth of 25,000 residents. Surprisingly, processes of suburbanization have turned into processes of reurbanization. Today in Dresden, areas of shrinkage and decline are in close proximity to prospering and wealthy communities. The strategic challenge is to deal with this patchwork while accepting that the future remains unpredictable. Hence, strategic flexibility becomes more important than the strategy itself. To a certain extent rational analysis and error prevention is displaced by preparedness, robustness, and resilience as key qualifications of planning in shrinking cities. †I am grateful to the members of the Shrinking Cities International Research Network (SCiRNTM), in particular Sylvie Fol and Cristina Martinez-Fernandez, for instructive discussions on various aspects of shrinking cities and to anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft.
Glyph-based recognition of offline handwritten Telugu characters: GBRoOHTC

Recognizing offline handwritten Telugu characters from digitized document images is very challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of hybrid feature extraction and hierarchical classification to recognize the glyphs of offline handwritten Telugu characters. In the proposed method, hybrid features are extracted from the glyphs and the glyphs are recognized using a hierarchical classification system. The hybrid features are extracted on the basis of glyph dimensions, positions of small glyphs, and zone-wise features for glyph classification. We implemented a two-level hierarchical classification method for classifying the glyphs of offline handwritten Telugu characters. The proposed method efficiently recognizes the glyphs of offline handwritten Telugu characters. The overall recognition rate is 88.15%.
A Quaternion Widely Linear Series Expansion and Its Applications

A series representation for continuous-time quaternion random signals is given. The series expansion is based on augmented statistics and provides uncorrelated scalar real-valued random variables. The proposed technique implies a dimension reduction of the four-dimensional original problem to a one-dimensional problem. As a particular case, the quaternion Karhunen-Loève expansion is obtained. Finally, two illustrative applications to the quaternion widely linear detection and estimation problems are presented.
Simultaneous estimation of chord progression and downbeats from an audio file

Harmony and metrical structure are some of the most important attributes of Western tonal music. In this paper, we present a new method for simultaneously estimating the chord progression and the downbeats from an audio file. For this, we propose a specific topology of hidden Markov models that allows us to model chords dependency on metrical structure. The model is evaluated on a dataset of 66 popular music songs from the Beatles and shows improvement over the state of the art.
Mode Switching Feedback Compensation Considering Rolling Friction Characteristics for Fast and Precise Positioning

This paper presents a mode switching feedback (FB) compensation methodology based on rolling friction models for the fast and precise positioning of table drive systems. Rolling friction in the table drive mechanisms behaves as a nonlinear elastic component in the micro displacement region and deteriorates the position settling performance with slow responses. Effects of the rolling friction on the positioning, therefore, should be compensated to provide the desired control performance. The authors have already proposed a rolling friction model-based friction compensation scheme to improve the slow settling responses. The conventional approach, however, could not suppress vibratory settling responses due to unknown model errors and/or plant perturbations, and there still remains the performance deterioration in the positioning accuracy to be solved. In this research, therefore, a novel mode switching FB compensation considering the rolling friction properties is applied to provide the desired settling performance with well-suppression of both vibratory response and slow response. The feature of the proposed approach is that the vibratory and slow responses at the settling are handled as an initial value response of the FB control system in the micro displacement region and can be suppressed in a mode switching control manner on the basis of initial value compensation frameworks utilizing the elastic characteristic of the rolling friction. The proposed approach has been verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a prototype of industrial table positioning devices.
Osmotic water permeability of Necturus gallbladder epithelium

An electrophysiological technique that is sensitive to small changes in cell water content and has good temporal resolution was used to determine the hydraulic permeability (Lp) of Necturus gallbladder epithelium. The epithelial cells were loaded with the impermeant cation tetramethylammonium (TMA+) by transient exposure to the pore-forming ionophore nystatin in the presence of bathing solution TMA+. Upon removal of the nystatin a small amount of TMA+ is trapped within the cell. Changes in cell water content result in changes in intracellular TMA+ activity which are measured with intracellular ion-sensitive microelectrodes. We describe a method that allows us to determine the time course for the increase or decrease in the concentration of osmotic solute at the membrane surface, which allows for continuous monitoring of the difference in osmolality across the apical membrane. We also describe a new method for the determination of transepithelial hydraulic permeability (Ltp). Apical and basolateral membrane Lp's were assessed from the initial rates of change in cell water volume in response to anisosmotic mucosal or serosal bathing solutions, respectively. The corresponding values for apical and basolateral membrane Lp's were 0.66 x 10(-3) and 0.38 x 10(-3) cm/s.osmol/kg, respectively. This method underestimates the true Lp values because the nominal osmotic differences (delta II) cannot be imposed instantaneously, and because it is not possible to measure the true initial rate of volume change. A model was developed that allows for the simultaneous determination of both apical and basal membrane Lp's from a unilateral exposure to an anisosmotic bathing solution (mucosal). The estimates of apical and basal Lp with this method were 1.16 x 10(-3) and 0.84 x 10(-3) cm/s.osmol/kg, respectively. The values of Lp for the apical and basal cell membranes are sufficiently large that only a small (less than 3 mosmol/kg) transepithelial difference in osmolality is required to drive the observed rate of spontaneous fluid absorption by the gallbladder. Furthermore, comparison of membrane and transepithelial Lp's suggests that a large fraction of the transepithelial water flow is across the cells rather than across the tight junctions.
Brazil Optimization and Inverse Problems in Quantitative Analysis of Microstructure

1. Abstract The aim of this contribution is to summarize the outcomes of recent works of the authors related to the definition of a statistically equivalent unit cell pertinent for the analysis of random heterogeneous materials. The basic steps of the proposed procedure – (i) quantification of microstructure of random media, (ii) parametrization of the idealized microstructure and (iii) solution of the resulting optimization problem – are introduced. Application of these techniques to real world-materials demonstrates the performance of the proposed technique. Finally, to reduce the computational demands of the optimization problem, the solution strategy based on the surrogate function technique is briefly discussed.
Analytical characterization of a permanent magnet synchronous machine with fractional slot concentrated windings

This paper presents an analytical approach to characterize a flux concentration permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) with fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW). The very particular configuration of the studied machine leads the authors to associate a fictive winding to the stator coils in order to be able to determine the Ld and Lq inductances. Experimental measurements, done on the prototype at standstill, allow adjusting the analytical model parameters.
Long‐Term Effects of Bisphosphonates on the Growing Skeleton: Studies of Young Patients with Severe Osteoporosis

&NA; Abbreviations used in this article: 25‐OHD, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D; 1,25‐DHD, 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D; BMD, bone mineral density; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; PTH, parathyroid hormone.
Does plasma transfusion therapy have a role in clinical medicine?*.

Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal. org 2041 REFERENCES 1. de Vos MLG, van der Voort PHJ, et al: Effect of a Multifaceted Performance Feedback Strategy on Length of Stay Compared With Benchmark Reports Alone: A Cluster Randomized Trial in Intensive Care. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:1893–1904 2. National Intensive Care Evaluation Registry website. Available at: http://www.stichting-nice.nl. Acessed February 11, 2013 3. Zimmerman JE, Kramer AA, McNair DS, et al: Intensive care unit length of stay: Benchmarking based on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:2517–2529 4. Kramer AA, Zimmerman JE: The relationship between hospital and intensive care unit length of stay. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1015–1022 5. van der Veer SN, de Vos ML, Jager KJ, et al: Evaluating the effectiveness of a tailored multifaceted performance feedback intervention to improve the quality of care: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial in intensive care. Implement Sci 2011; 6:119 6. Marik PE, Hedman L: What’s in a day? Determining intensive care unit length of stay. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:2090–2093 7. Franke RH, Kaul JD: The Hawthorne experiments: First statistical interpretation. Am Sociol Rev 1978; 43:623–643 8. Render ML, Kim HM, Deddens J, et al: Variation in outcomes in Veterans Affairs intensive care units with a computerized severity measure. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:930–939 9. Cook DA, Steiner SH, Farewell VT, Morton AP: Monitoring the evolutionary process of quality: Risk adjusted charting to track outcomes in intensive care. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1676–1682 10. Cockings JG, Cook DA, Iqbal RK: Process monitoring in intensive care with the use of cumulative expected minus observed mortality and risk-adjusted P charts. Crit Care 2006; 10:R28
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

During the past decades, a growing interest has been raised in evaluating nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE). This paper reviews several aspects of the correlations between NTM and NCFBE, including pathogenesis, radiological features, diagnosis, and management. Bronchiectasis and NTM lung disease are connected, but which one comes first is still an unresolved question. The rate of NTM lung disease in NCFBE varies through the studies, from 5% to 30%. The most frequent species isolated is MAC. NCFBE patients affected by NTM infection frequently present coinfections, including both other different NTM species and microorganisms, such as P. aeruginosa. Once a diagnosis of NTM disease has been reached, the initiation of therapy is not always mandatory. NTM species isolated, patients' conditions, and disease severity and its evolution should be considered. Risk factors for disease progression in NCFBE patients with NTM are low body mass index, cavitary disease, consolidations, and macrolide resistance at presentation.
MagicBrush: image search by color sketch

In this paper, we showcase the MagicBrush system, a novel painting-based image search engine. This system enables users to draw a color sketch as a query to find images. Different from existing works on sketch-based image retrieval, most of which focus on matching the shape structure without carefully considering other important visual modalities, MagicBrush takes into account the indispensable value of "color" related to "shape", and explores to make use of both the shape and color expectations that users usually have when they're imaging or searching for an image. To achieve this, we 1) develop a user-friendly interface to allow users to easily "paint out" their colorful visual expectations; 2) design a compact feature "color-edge word" to encode both shape and color information in a organic way; and 3) develop a novel matching and index structure to support a real-time response in 6.4 million images. By taking into account both shape and color information, the MagicBrush system helps users to vividly present what they are imagining, and retrieve images in a more natural way.
Characterization and Expression of a Cloned Tetracycline Resistance Determinant from the Chromosome of Streptococcus mutans JANET ASH TOBIANJt

A chromosoihal tetracycline resistance (Tcr) determinant previously cloned from Streptococcus mutans into Streptococcus sanguis (Tobian and Macrina, J. Bacteriol. 152:2t5-222, 1982) was characterized by using restriction endonuclease mapping, deletion analysis, and SoUlthern blot hybridizatiot. Deletion analysis allowed localization of the Tcr determinant to a 2.8-kilobase region of the originally cloned 10.4-kilobase sequence. This cloned determinant hybridized to a r-epresentative of the tetM class of streptococcal Tcr determinants but not to representatives of the tetL and tetN classes and, like other tetM determinants, mediated high-level resistance to tetracycline and low-level resistance to minocycline. A portion (-3 kilobases) of the isolated streptococcal fragment was subcloned into Escherichia coli, where it conferred resistance to tetracycline and minocycline. Two proteins with apparent molecular weights of 33,000 and 35,000, encoded by the S. mutans DNA, were synthesized in E. coli minicells. Insertion of DNA into a unique SstI site of the cloned S. mutans fragnient resulted in inactivation of Tcr expression in E. coli and S. sanguis, as well as loss of production of both the 33,000and 35,000-dalton proteins in E. coli minicells. Incubation of minicells in subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline did not result in changes in the levels of synthesis of either protein. Our data suggest that at least one of these proteins is involved in the expression of Tcr.
Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated Technology ” TMT 2010 , Mediterranean Cruise , 11-18 September 2010 IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONING WITH EFFICIENT TEAMS FOR SOLVING THE COMPLEX PROBLEMS

In choosing members of the special teams, for solving the complex problems, management usually makes mistake by making teams on the base of formal positions of the people in the firms and on the base of personal compatibility because group cannot have team work without complementary skills of its members. For having an efficient solutions of complex problems in this paper is suggested the formation of permanent effective teams that will provide excellent performance of nine team roles that are identified by M. Belbin. Every team member, regarding his nature, skills, knowledge and interest, takes a certain role in the team and in the area of leadership of the group, creativity, focusing on the results of work, analysis and ruling and/ or maintaining interpersonal relationships. In this meaner, the individual quality of work is being improved, and the quality of work of the organization as a whole.
A Measure of Primary Sociobiological Functions

The Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Index of ADL) is a scale whose grades reflect profiles of behavioral levels of six sociobiological functions, namely, bathing, dressing, toileting, transfer, continence, and feeding. Its hierarchical nature makes it possible to rank the overall functional status of people in an ordered manner, to make comparisons among them as individuals or groups, and to detect changes over time. Developmental studies have encompassed children as well as adults, the mentally retarded as well as physically disabled, and noninstitutionalized as well as institutionalized people. In view of relationships to behavior of primitive societies and parallelisms between the order of index functions and patterns of child growth and development, the Index of ADL appears to be based on functions of sociobiological primacy. This concept is supported by twenty years of methodological and applied observations. The Index has been used to produce predictive information about chronic conditions and to evaluate the benefits of long-term services. It has been used in profiled measures of severity of illness. As a screening measure and survey measure, it has contributed information about health needs and outcomes which is useful for management, planning, policy making, research, and teaching.
Hormonal regulation of pulmonary surfactant.

I. Introduction THE LUNGS of mammals and many other vertebrates contain surface active material in the peripheral air spaces. This material, comprised of various lipids and proteins, gives rise to a phospholipid monolayer which lines lung alveoli. The lipid monolayer stabilizes alveoli at low lung volumes, preventing collapse and allowing for normal respiration. A developmental deficiency of pulmonary surfactant in infants who are born prematurely results in respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) of the newborn infant. This disease is characterized by progressive atelectasis, inadequate oxygenation, and eventual respiratory failure, and it is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Regulation of lung development during fetal life has been studied extensively since 1969. In that year, Liggins (1) first demonstrated a stimulatory effect of dexamethasone infusion on lung aeration in prematurely delivered lambs. His pioneering observations have been confirmed by many.
Danger To Police During Domestic Encounters: Assaults On Baltimore County Police, 1984-86

How dangerous are domestic encounters to police officers? This question, posed by police, policymakers, and researchers, has been answered through anecdotes and assumptions, and more recently by empirical data. But the findings have been mixed. Police training manuals have focused on the danger of family disputes, citing high figures reported by the FBI of law enforcement officers killed. Researchers on family violence (Straus, et al., 1980), violent police-citizen encounters (Lester, 1980), and police response to spouse assaults (Parnas, 1967, and Buchanan and Perry 1986) agree that the domestic disturbance is the most dangerous police activity. Other researchers dispute this contention. Margarita (1980), Konstantin (1984), and Garner and Clemmer (1986) have found that robberies and burglaries are more dangerous than domestic disputes.
Novel architectures for high-efficiency amplifiers for wireless applications

This paper presents three novel architectures for high-efficiency amplifiers relying on new harmonic-tuning techniques. These methods yield high-efficiency power amplifiers and reduce unwanted harmonic radiation from the transmitter front end. The first method uses the active integrated-antenna approach to perform harmonic tuning. The second method uses a nontraditional periodic microstrip filter, which allows broadband harmonic tuning. Finally, the third method combines the previous two approaches. Each technique is illustrated by a design example of a power amplifier integrated with an antenna. Guidelines for choosing the appropriate antenna structure and for designing the periodic structures are also presented. Another design issue is inclusion of the antenna and/or periodic structures into the amplifier simulation. To do this, a hybrid approach combining the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis and harmonic-balance simulation is employed.
Optimization of protections against supply chain risks due to intentional acts

We develop a network interdiction based model LRVD to quantitatively solve a supply chain risk management problem. Specifically, we consider the supply chain system as a directed graph and define different functional components in the system as nodes and arcs, and developed a tri-level program to identify the optimal arcs to protect, given that the system is vulnerable to intentional attacks from competitors and dissatisfied labors. We propose a MIP formulation LRVD to solve the problem. A numerical example is demonstrated illustrating that the proposed model is able to provide the optimal protective strategies for decision makers.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Rodenticide-insecticide, Coumavec®, against Rhombomys opimus, the Main Reservoir Host of Zoonotic Cutaneouse Leishmaniasis in Iran

Background Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is a growing health problem in many rural areas of Iran. Rhombomys opimus, the great gerbil, is the main animal reservoir of ZCL in the northeast and central part of Iran. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the rodenticidal effect of Coumavec® (a mixture of Coumatetralyl 0.5% and Etofenprox 0.5%) on R. opimus under laboratory condition. Methods: Great gerbils were collected from Sejzi rural district, Esfahan Province, Iran. Four groups of 19 great gerbils were treated with the poisoned baits of different concentrations and one group was considered as control. The bating procedure was conducted in three stages: first, second (a week after first) and third (a month after first stage), in each stage baits were offered in 1 day, based on national protocol for rodent control operation in purpose of ZCL control. Results: The mortality rate for 0.03, 0.0625, 0.125 and 0.25% concentrations in the first stage of baiting were obtained 36.8%, 31.5%, 52.6% and 36.8%, in the second stage 47.3%, 52.6%, 68.4% and 52.6%, and in the third stage 52.6%, 63.1%, 68.4% and 57.8% respectively. The maximum and minimum mortality has occurred in 5–6 days and 31–40 days intervals consequently. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that, Coumavec® has some rodenticidal effects on R. opimus in laboratory condition. For the appropriate rodenticide-insecticide contamination of the rodent body and also considering to the economic issues, we suggest the use of 0.125% concentration for rodent control operation in the field condition.