Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating pattern and lung cancer risk in 98,459 participants: results from a large prospective study

Background Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) eating pattern is linked to anti-inflammatory responses and antioxidation, which overlap with the pathogenesis of lung cancer. However, there is insufficient epidemiological evidence to link this dietary pattern to lung cancer risk conclusively. Aim To determine if adherence to the DASH diet is linked to a lower risk of developing lung cancer in a large prospective study. Methodology The data of participants were retrieved from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. A DASH score was calculated based on 8 dietary components to reflect adherence to DASH, with greater scores representing higher adherence. Three Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to analyze the association between DASH scores and lung cancer risk, including an unadjusted model and two adjusted models (model 1 for demographics and model 2 for fully confounding factors). A restricted cubic spline plot was utilized to illustrate the likelihood of developing lung cancer across the entire range of DASH scores. The association between each of the 8 DASH components and the risk of lung cancer was assessed separately. Several subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential modifiers, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the findings. Results The study involved 98,459 individuals in total. The mean (standard deviation) DASH score was 24.00 (4.62) points, along with the mean follow-up period of 8.84 (1.94) years. Lung cancer was identified in 1642 cases over 869807.9 person-years of follow-up, and the overall incidence rate was 0.189 cases/100 person-years. Participants in the highest quartile in the fully adjusted model had a relatively decreased risk of developing lung cancer in comparison to those in the lowest quartile (HRquartile 4 versus 1: 0.647; 95% CI: 0.557, 0.752; Ptrend < 0.001). The restricted cubic spline plot demonstrated that DASH score and lung cancer risk were inversely associated and had a linear dose–response relationship (Pnon-linear = 0.944). According to subgroup analyses, those who were current or former smokers had a stronger inverse connection than those who never smoked (Pinteraction = 0.013). The results remained robust after several sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The risk of lung cancer was inversely associated with DASH scores in the US population. This suggests that following the DASH pattern can help prevent lung cancer, especially for current or former smokers. More epidemiological evidence from other regions and populations is needed to confirm our findings.
Using a comfort zone model and daily life situations to develop entrepreneurial competencies and an entrepreneurial mindset

This article presents a novel experiential learning format that aims to develop participants' entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial mindset. Furthermore, this study investigates factors that promote individuals' competency development and mindset formation when using this learning format. In this format, students practice enterprising behavior in daily life, rather than by starting a venture. Teams of participants receive a set of eight to 10 challenges. Each challenge asks participants to create value for other people. The challenges are not revealed until the exercise starts, and they are worked on for 1 or 2 days full-time. Each challenge allows participants to practice the competencies of generating ideas for opportunities, taking action, perseverance, networking and network utilization, teamwork, and convincing others. Collectively, this contributes to developing an enterprising mindset. This format is based on a comfort zone model and aims to promote significant learning in a short time. After a week, each participant submits a reflection on their actions during the experiential part. In this study, we analyze the experiences of 198 participating students from six courses in five countries to bring out the factors that contribute to students staying in versus leaving their comfort zone, and the types of learning which result. Learning occurs when participants leave their comfort zone and have experiences that surprise them, leading to novel realizations. Key to learning is the element of surprise.
Type 1 secretion system and effectors in Rickettsiales

Obligate intracellular bacteria in the order Rickettsiales are transmitted by arthropod vectors and cause life-threatening infections in humans and animals. While both type 1 and type 4 secretion systems (T1SS and T4SS) have been identified in this group, the most extensive studies of Rickettsiales T1SS and associated effectors have been performed in Ehrlichia. These studies have uncovered important roles for the T1SS effectors in pathobiology and immunity. To evade innate immune responses and promote intracellular survival, Ehrlichia and other related obligate pathogens secrete multiple T1SS effectors which interact with a diverse network of host targets associated with essential cellular processes. T1SS effectors have multiple functional activities during infection including acting as nucleomodulins and ligand mimetics that activate evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways. In Ehrlichia, an array of newly defined major immunoreactive proteins have been identified that are predicted as T1SS substrates and have conformation-dependent antibody epitopes. These findings highlight the underappreciated and largely uncharacterized roles of T1SS effector proteins in pathobiology and immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding roles of T1SS effectors in Rickettsiales members during infection and explores newly identified immunoreactive proteins as potential T1SS substrates and targets of a protective host immune response.
Association of serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in American adults: a population-based analysis

Objective Non-invasive disease indicators are currently limited and need further research due to the increased non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence worldwide. The serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) has been recognized as a novel inflammatory and metabolic marker. Herein, we explored the correlation between UHR and the risk of NAFLD in-depth. Methods A total of 3,766 participants were included in our survey, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 cycle provided the cross-sectional study population. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the UHR and the odds of NAFLD and liver steatosis and fibrosis severity, respectively. Moreover, we explored the non-linear relationship between the UHR and NAFLD by the generalized additive model. Results NAFLD probabilities were statistically demonstrated to be positively correlated with the UHR (OR = 1.331 per SD increase, 95% CI: 1.100, 1.611). The positive connection of the UHR with NAFLD risk persisted significantly in female subjects but not in male subjects in subgroup analyses stratified by gender. The non-linear relationship analysis demonstrated that a UHR between ~20 and 30% suggested a saturation effect of NAFLD risk. Furthermore, a dramatically positive correlation was found between the UHR and hepatic steatosis severity but not fibrosis. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that UHR had a better predictive value for NAFLD than either serum uric acid (sUA) or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) alone [UHR (area under curve): 0.6910; 95% CI: 0.6737–0.7083; P < 0.0001]. Conclusion Our investigation revealed that the elevated UHR level was independently related to an increased NAFLD risk and the severity of liver steatosis in American individuals. The correlation differed according to sex. This non-invasive indicator may enhance the capacity to predict the onset of NAFLD and may uncover alternative therapeutic interventional targets.
Latroeggtoxin-VI protects nerve cells and prevents depression by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway activation and excessive inflammation

Depression has a high incidence and seriously endangers human health. Accumulated evidence indicates that targeting neuroinflammation is a potential avenue for neuroprotection and thus depression prevention. Herein, the effects of latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a bioactive protein from the eggs of spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and depression were systematically investigated using RAW264.7 macrophages and depression mouse model. Pretreatment with LETX-VI suppressed LPS-evoked NF-κB signaling pathway activation, inhibited LPS-induced over-production of NO, iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α; at the same time LETX-VI mitigated the inhibitory effect of LPS on the expression of anti-inflammatory factors such as Arg-1, thereby suppressing oxidative stress and excessive inflammation. Culture of PC12 cells with the conditioned medium of RAW264.7 cells pretreated with LETX-VI demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of LETX-VI due to its anti-inflammation effect. In the LPS-induced depression mouse model, pretreatment with LETX-VI improved the LPS-induced depression-like behaviors, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, prevented the down-regulation of Nurr1 expression and alleviated the LPS-caused adverse changes in the brain tissues. Taken together, these in vitro and in vivo findings provide powerful insights into the anti-inflammation-based neuroprotective and antidepressant mechanisms of LETX-VI, which is helpful to deeply reveal the biological effects and potential applications of LETX-VI.
Acute effects of mental recovery strategies in simulated air rifle competitions

Objectives The present study aimed to assess the perception and change of mental and physical fatigue and to examine acute effects of mental recovery strategies in air rifle athletes across simulated competition days with two consecutive competition bouts. Design We conducted a randomized counterbalanced crossover study. Method 22 development air rifle athletes (Mage = 17.77 ± 4.0) of a regional squad participate in the study. The Short Recovery and Stress Scale (SRSS), perception of mental fatigue, physical fatigue, concentration and motivation as well as differential Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were used to assess recovery-stress states and fatigue states. During a recovery break, participants underwent two mental recovery strategies (powernap, systematic breathing) or a control condition. Total shooting scores were recorded for both competition bouts. Results Study results revealed a significant increase of post ratings for mental (p < .001) and physical fatigue (p < .001) for both competition bouts. The correlation coefficient between change in mental and physical fatigue for both competitions revealed a shared variance of 7.9% and 18.6%, respectively. No significant group-based acute effects of the use of mental recovery strategies on shooting performance, and psychological and perceptual measures were found. On an individual level, results illustrated statistical relevant improvements of shooting performance after powernapping or systematic breathing. Conclusion Mental and physical fatigue increased and accumulated across a simulated air rifle competition and mental fatigue emerged as a separate construct from physical fatigue. The use of strategies to accelerate mental recovery on an individual level (e.g., powernap, systematic breathing) may be a first step to manage a state of mental fatigue, but further studies on mental recovery strategies in an applied setting are needed.
Egg yolk antibody combined with bismuth-based quadruple therapy in Helicobacter pylori infection rescue treatment: a single-center, randomized, controlled study

Background The increasing antibiotic resistance is the main issue causing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication failure. As a nutritional supplement, Egg Yolk Antibody (Ig Y) provides a new approach for H. pylori infection rescue therapy. Methods In this randomized, controlled study, 100 H. pylori-positive patients with previous H. pylori eradication treatment were included. All individuals received standard bismuth-containing quadruple therapy twice daily (5 mg ilaprazole, 100 mg doxycycline, 500 mg clarithromycin or 1 g amoxicillin or 100 mg furazolidone, and 220 mg colloidal bismuth tartrate) for 14 days and were randomized to receive either twice daily 7 g Ig Y-H. pylori treatment (study group) or not (control group). 4 weeks after the end of treatment, urea breath tests were used to assess the H. pylori eradication rate. All participants scored by the Global Overall Symptom scale (GOS) and recorded adverse events during the trial. Results The H. pylori eradication rates were 84.0% (95% CI 73.5–94.5%) vs. 80.0% (95% CI 68.5–91.5%) in the study and control groups at intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and 85.7% (95% CI 75.6–95.9%) vs. 80.0% (95% CI 68.5–91.5%) at per-protocol (PP) analysis, respectively. The number of over 80% symptom relief after treatment in the two groups was 27 (60%) and 12 (29.2%) (p < 0.05), and the incidences of adverse events were 4 (8%) and 6 (12%), respectively. Conclusion Both groups achieved satisfactory eradication efficiency in H. pylori rescue therapy and Ig Y-H. pylori effectively alleviates the symptoms with good compliance and fewer adverse effects.
Feasibility and tolerability of moderate intensity regular physical exercise as treatment for core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized pilot study

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with sedentary lifestyle, low quality of life and low physical fitness. Studies in children with ADHD have shown that regular physical exercise can help reduce core ADHD symptoms, but evidence for this is lacking in adults. Although guidelines recommend multi-modal treatment, central stimulants (CS) remain the mainstay of treatment. CS are effective in the short-term, but their long-term efficacy remains to be established. There is thus huge unmet need for developing non-pharmacological treatment options, and for well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objective The study aimed to test the feasibility and tolerability of structured moderate-intensity 12-week physical exercise program for adults with ADHD, as a prelude to an adequately powered RCT which includes long-term follow-up. Materials and methods Fourteen adults with ADHD were recruited, 9 randomized to an intervention group and 5 to a control group. The intervention group received physiotherapist-led 50-minute mixed exercise program, three times a week for 12 weeks, and the control group treatment as usual. Participants were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks using clinical and physical evaluations, self-rating questionnaires, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with paradigms that tested attention, impulsivity and emotion regulation. Results Three participants (21%) dropped out shortly after inclusion before receiving any intervention, while roughly 80% completed the intervention according to protocol. One participant from the intervention group participated in less than 60% of treatment sessions, and one who had done baseline fMRI was unwilling to do post-intervention imaging. Four participants in the intervention group (67%) reported increased stress in prioritizing the intervention due to time-management difficulties. Overall, consistent trends were observed that indicated the feasibility and potential benefits of the intervention on core ADHD symptoms, quality of life, body awareness, sleep and cognitive functioning. Conclusion Physiotherapist-led twelve-week regular physical exercise is a feasible and potentially beneficial intervention for adults with ADHD. There was a 20% drop-out initially and 67% of those who completed the intervention reported stress with time management difficulties due to participation. A third arm was thus added to the planned RCT where cognitive intervention administered by an occupational therapist will be given together with physical exercise. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05049239.
Population response of intestinal microbiota to acute Vibrio alginolyticus infection in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Introduction Vibriosis causes enormous economic losses of marine fish. The present study investigated the intestinal microbial response to acute infection of half-smooth tongue sole with different-dose Vibrio alginolyticus within 72 h by metagenomic sequencing. Methods The inoculation amount of V. alginolyticus for the control, low-dose, moderate-dose, and high-dose groups were 0, 8.5 × 101, 8.5 × 104, and 8.5 × 107 cells/g respectively, the infected fish were farmed in an automatic seawater circulation system under a relatively stable temperature, dissolved oxygen and photoperiod, and 3 ~ 6 intestinal samples per group with high-quality DNA assay were used for metagenomics analysis. Results The acute infections with V. alginolyticus at high, medium, and low doses caused the change of different-type leukocytes at 24 h, whereas the joint action of monocytes and neutrophils to cope with the pathogen infection only occurred in the high-dose group at 72 h. The metagenomic results suggest that a high-dose V. alginolyticus infection can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota, decrease the microbial α-diversity, and increase the bacteria from Vibrio and Shewanella, including various potential pathogens at 24 h. High-abundance species of potential pathogens such as V. harveyii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. scophthalmi exhibited significant positive correlations with V. alginolyticus. The function analysis revealed that the high-dose inflection group could increase the genes closely related to pathogen infection, involved in cell motility, cell wall/ membrane/envelope biogenesis, material transport and metabolism, and the pathways of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, virulence factors and antibiotic resistances mainly from Vibrios within 72 h. Discussion It indicates that the half-smooth tongue sole is highly likely to be a secondary infection with intestinal potential pathogens, especially species from Vibrio and that the disease could become even more complicated because of the accumulation and transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes in intestinal bacteria during the process of V. alginolyticus intensified infection.
Comparative observation of common tracers in sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer and a study on simplifying its surgical procedure

Background Many breast cancer patients have avoided axillary lymph node dissection after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). During the SLNB operation, the color of lymphatic vessels is sometimes poor and so finding them is difficult. This study observed the tracing effects of three tracer combinations and also reported our experience in simplifying the SLNB program. Methods In total, 123 breast cancer patients whose TNM stage was cT1–2N0M0 were retrospectively studied. According to the tracer used, the patients were divided into the carbon nanoparticle (CNP) group (38 cases), CNP combined with methylene blue (CNP + MB) group (41 cases), and indocyanine green combined with MB (ICG + MB) group (44 cases). All 123 breast cancer cases were also classified into the non-tracking group (53 cases) and tracking group (70 cases) according to the SLNB operation process. The non-tracking group looked for the stained sentinel lymph nodes directly, while the tracking group looked for the stained lymph nodes along the lymphatic vessels. Results The SLN identification rates in the CNP, CNP + MB, and ICG + MB groups were 97.4%, 97.6%, and 95.5% respectively (P > 0.05). The average number of SLNs detected was 4.92 ± 2.06, 5.12 ± 2.18, and 4.57 ± 1.90, respectively (P > 0.05). The ideal display rates of lymphatic vessels in the three groups were 86.8%, 87.8%, and 93.2%, respectively (P > 0.05). The SLN identification rates in the non-tracking and tracking groups were 96.2% and 97.1%, respectively (P > 0.05). The average number of SLNs detected were 5.73 ± 1.76 and 5.70 ± 1.93, respectively (P > 0.05), and the average operation time was 16.47 ± 5.78 and 27.53 ± 7.75 min, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion This is the first study to observe the application effect of CNP combined with MB and ICG combined with MB tracers in SLNB of breast cancer patients. No significant difference was observed among the patients in SLN identification and lymphatic vessel display. Omitting the step of searching for lymphatic vessels in SLNB surgery does not reduce the surgical effect, but the reduced operating steps can reduce the surgical time and theoretically reduce postoperative complications.
Effects of ambient humidity and sintering temperature on the tribological and antistatic properties of PEEK and CF/PEEK

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is one of the representatives of special engineering plastics. Due to the high molding temperature, the molding method of ordinary plastics and cavity abrasives are difficult to meet the requirements. In view of this, pure PEEK was prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering technology at different sintering temperatures. The mechanical properties and microstructure characterization results showed that the pure PEEK prepared at 350 °C showed excellent friction and wear properties. Then PEEK and CF/PEEK composites were prepared at the optimum sintering temperature. The friction experiments of prepared materials were carried out using UMT-2. The effects of ambient humidity on the tribological properties, wear mechanism and antistatic properties of prepared materials were systematically studied. The surface analysis and properties of the materials were measured by 3D profiler, scanning electron microscope, friction electrostatic tester. The results showed that friction coefficient of PEEK and CF/PEEK composite changed slightly with increase of ambient humidity. The wear rate of PEEK decreased firstly and then increases, which reached the lowest of 3.09 × 10−5 mm3/Nm when the ambient humidity was 40%. The wear rate of CF/PEEK composite changed slightly, which was significantly lower than that of PEEK, and the main wear mechanism was adhesive wear. The surface friction static electricity of PEEK and CF/PEEK composites decreased with the increase of humidity.
INITIAL SOFT L-FUZZY PREPROXIMITIES

In this paper, we introduce the notions of soft L-fuzzy preproximities in complete residuated lattices. We prove the existence of initial soft L-fuzzy preproximities. From this fact, we define subspaces and product spaces for soft L-fuzzy preproximity spaces. Moreover, we give their examples.
Diffusion Smoothing Based on Local Structure of Image

The selectivity of diffusion direction and the ability of directional diffusion are the main characteristics of anisotropic diffusion filter.Efficient expression of local feature of signal or image is the base of anisotropic diffusion.Traditional gradient expression is always disturbed by noise.This paper defines an intension parameter of image local anisotropy and proposes a novel diffusion model by analyzing image local structure expression manner.The results of tests indict the proposed method possesses better abilities of de-noising and directional diffusion,compared with ALM model and CAZ model,and signal-noise ratios improves by 0.1 dB～0.8 dB and 0.3 dB～1.2 dB respectively.