Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heavy traffic analysis for EDF queues with reneging

This paper presents a heavy-traffic analysis of the behavior of a single-server queue under an Earliest-Deadline-First (EDF) scheduling policy in which customers have deadlines and are served only until their deadlines elapse. The performance of the system is measured by the fraction of reneged work (the residual work lost due to elapsed deadlines) which is shown to be minimized by the EDF policy. The evolution of the lead time distribution of customers in queue is described by a measure-valued process. The heavy traffic limit of this (properly scaled) process is shown to be a deterministic function of the limit of the scaled workload process which, in turn, is identified to be a doubly reflected Brownian motion. This paper complements previous work by Doytchinov, Lehoczky and Shreve on the EDF discipline in which customers are served to completion even after their deadlines elapse. The fraction of reneged work in a heavily loaded system and the fraction of late work in the corresponding system without reneging are compared using explicit formulas based on the heavy traffic approximations. The formulas are validated by simulation results.
Cold-water immersion and the treatment of hyperthermia: using 38.6°C as a safe rectal temperature cooling limit.

CONTEXT Cold-water immersion is recommended for the immediate field treatment of exertional heat stroke. However, concerns exist over potential overcooling of hyperthermic individuals during cold-water immersion. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the recommendation that removing previously hyperthermic individuals from a cold-water bath at a rectal temperature (T(re)) of 38.6°C would attenuate overcooling. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Participants included 6 men and 4 women (age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 172 ± 10 cm, mass = 67.8 ± 10.7 kg, body fat percentage = 17.1% ± 4.5%, maximum oxygen consumption = 59.3 ± 8.7 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)). INTERVENTION(S) After exercising at an ambient temperature of 40.0°C for 38.5 ± 9.4 minutes, until T(re) reached 39.5°C, participants were immersed in a 2.0°C circulated water bath until T(re) decreased to either 37.5°C or 38.6°C. Subsequently, participants were removed from the water bath and recovered for 20 minutes at an ambient temperature of 25°C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rectal and esophageal temperatures were measured continuously during the immersion and recovery periods. RESULTS Because of the experimental design, the overall time of immersion was greater during the 37.5°C trial (16.6 ± 5.7 minutes) than the 38.6°C trial (8.8 ± 2.6 minutes) (t(9) = -4.740, P = . 001). During the recovery period after cold-water immersion, both rectal (F(1,9) = 50.540, P < . 001) and esophageal (F(1,6) = 20.365, P = . 007) temperatures remained greater in the 38.6°C trial than in the 37.5°C trial. This was evidenced by low points of 36.47°C ± 0.70°C and 37.19°C ± 0.71°C for rectal temperature (t(9) = 2.975, P = . 016) and of 35.67°C ± 1.27°C and 36.72°C ± 0.95°C for esophageal temperature (t(6) = 3.963, P = . 007) during the recovery period of the 37.5°C and 38.6°C trials, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Immersion for approximately 9 minutes to a rectal temperature cooling limit of 38.6°C negated any risk associated with overcooling hyperthermic individuals when they were immersed in 2°C water.
Association of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer in a Chinese male population

This prospective study included 68,759 Chinese male adults from Kailuan cohort of China who had a standardized medical examination between 2006 and 2007 and were followed up for approximately 8 years until occurrence of ASCVD, cancer or death or until December 31, 2014. Subjects were divided into four categories based on the quartiles of TC, LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During follow‐up, 2,916 males developed ASCVD and 1,884 developed cancer. Compared with the lowest quartile, the upper‐most quartiles of TC, LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C were all associated with increased ASCVD risk (HR 1.53; HR 1.16; HR 1.55); however, the upper‐most quartiles of TC, LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C were all negatively associated with cancer (HR0.84; HR 0.82; HR 0.80) and these associations were present after exclusion of incident cancers during the first 4 years of follow‐up. In a word, we report that high TC, LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C concentrations increased ASCVD incidence in a male population and that these lipid profiles were inversely associated with total cancer and several individual cancers.
Guiding Role of Industry Design Concept in Fitness Equipment Product Design

This study provides an understanding of the relationship between industrial design, biomechanics and mechan- ics. The main structure of this study is focused on: examining the outdoor fitness equipment's mechanism, analysing the mechanism's concurrency with the human movement, and based on this, designing an appropriate mechanism. Based on the basic theory, instrumental effect, main methods and knowledge database on industry design concept, this paper ex- plores the application principles, effectiveness and innovative design along with the experimental methods of industry de- sign concept in the field of family exercise equipment designing. And through the innovative design example of leg stretching equipment, the experimental methods have been verified for its effectiveness, which provides an important ref- erence for the application of the industry design concept in the exercise equipment designing field.
Geographic and ethnic distribution of genetic markers in India. 2. Inv, Gm, Gc, ADA, AK, ap, PGM1, 6-PGD and EsD polymorphisms.

In the literature widely scattered Indian data on the gene frequencies of Inv, Gm, Gc, ADA, AK, ap, PGM1, 6-PGD and EsD polymorphisms have been compiled. The geographic and ethnic impacts of these data are discussed. --Additionally the results of blood group (A1A2BO, MN), serum protein group (Hp, Gc, Tf, Gm, Inv) and enzyme group (AK, aP, PGM1, 6-PGD, EsD) typings on a sample of 101 Jains, a population group in the area around Delhi, are presented here.
Self-Organization of Symbolic Processes through Interaction with the Physical World

We study how an autonomous robot can attain a cognitive process that accounts for its symbolic manipulation of acquired knowledge without generating fatal gaps from the reality. The paper focuses on two essential problems; one is the symbol grounding problem and the other is how the internal symbolic processes can be situated with respect to the behavioral contexts. We investigate these problems by applying a dynamical system's approach to the robot navigation problem. Our formulation, based on a forward modeling scheme using recurrent neural learning, shows that the robot is capable of learning grammatical structure hidden in the geometry of the workspace from the local sensory inputs through its navigational experiences. Furthermore, the robot is capable of mentally simulating its own action plans using the acquired forward model. Our assertion is that the internal representation obtained is grounded, since it is self-organized solely through interaction with the physical world. We also show that structural stability arises in the interaction between the neural dynamics and the environmental dynamics, which accounts for the situatedness of the internal symbolic process.
Transtorno de pânico como uma disrupção perceptivo-cognitivo-emocional: A neurociência afetiva como um possível modelo explicativo

Objetivo: A Neurociencia afetiva pode fundamentar a hipotese que a interpretacao distorcida de sensacoes, objetos e situacoes no transtorno de pânico decorre de uma disrupcao das relacoes neurais de interacao e integracao entre regioes cerebrais responsaveis pela percepcao, cognicao e emocao. Metodo: Foi realizada uma revisao de literatura sobre neurociencia afetiva e transtorno de pânico, entre 2001 e 2014. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados ISI Web of Knowledge, Psycinfo e PubMed, usando os termos “panic disorder”, “perception”, “cognition”, “emotions” e “septo-hippocampal system”, devidamente agrupadas. Resultados: Existem apenas mencoes isoladas as disfuncoes perceptivas, cognitivas e emocionais que acompanham o transtorno de pânico, sendo necessario ampliar a investigacao. Conclusao: Investigar a neuroanatomia do medo condicionado pode ser eficaz na avaliacao da disrupcao perceptivo-cognitivo-emocional no transtorno de pânico e as pesquisas basicas da Neurociencia Afetiva poderao trazer novas contribuicoes para essa investigacao.
Ist die Entropie als Informationsmaß schon der Weisheit letzter Schluß? / Is the entropy the only possibility to measure information?

Aus der Vorstellung, daß ein Maß fiir Information ausschließlich auf logischen Entscheidungen beruhen sollte, wird mit Hilfe eines binären Entscheidungsbaumes die in einem Binärmuster enthaltene formale Information auf neue Weise berechnet. Der sich ergebende Wert C bezieht sich auf das individuelle Binärmuster und ist daher zunächst nicht vergleichbar mit den erprobten klassischen Informationsgrößen Entscheidungsgehalt I und Entropie H. Es existieren nur verhältnismäßig wenige Ähnlichkeitstransformationen, die den Wert C nicht beeinträchtigen. Schließlich zeigt sich, daß C identisch ist mit der ,funktionalen Komplexität", einer Größe, die erst vor kurzem für die Bewertung der logischen Leistungsfähigkeit digitaler Systeme entwickelt wurde. Durch eine Methode, bei welcher die Mittelung ständig vergröbert wird, läßt sich der Übergang von C zu Η vollziehen. Die neue Informationsgröße C ist also im Gegensatz zu dem Mittelwert Η fur eine sehr differenzierte skalare Bewertung individueller Bitmuster geeignet. Sie klassifiziert im Grunde genommen nach Funktionsstrukturen, woraus auch ihre gleichzeitige Eignung zur Bewertung digitaler Systeme zu erklären ist.
Inhibition and possible induction of rat CYP2D after short‐ and long‐term treatment with antidepressants

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs: fluoxetine, sertraline) and novel antidepressant drugs (mirtazapine, nefazodone) on the activity of CYP2D, measured as a rate of ethylmorphine O‐deethylation. The reaction was studied in control liver microsomes in the presence of the antidepressants, as well as in microsomes of rats treated intraperitoneally for one day or two weeks (twice a day) with pharmacological doses of the drugs (imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, nefazodone 10 mg kg−1 i.p.; desipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline 5 mg kg−1 i.p.; mirtazapine 3 mg kg−1 i.p.), in the absence of the antidepressants in‐vitro. Antidepressants decreased the activity of the rat CYP2D by competitive inhibition of the enzyme, the potency of their inhibitory effect being as follows: clomipramine (Ki = 14 μM) > sertraline ≈ fluoxetine (Ki = 17 and 16 μM, respectively) > imipramine ≈ amitriptyline (Ki = 26 and 25 μM, respectively) > desipramine (Ki = 44 μM) > nefazodone (Ki = 55 μM) > mirtazapine (Ki = 107 μM). A one‐day treatment with antidepressants caused a significant decrease in the CYP2D activity after imipramine, fluoxetine and sertraline. After prolonged administration of antidepressants, the decreased CYP2D activity produced by imipramine, fluoxetine and sertraline was still maintained. Moreover, amitriptyline and nefazodone significantly decreased, while mirtazapine increased the activity of the enzyme. Desipramine and clomipramine did not produce any effect when administered in‐vivo. The obtained results indicate three different mechanisms of the antidepressants‐CYP2D interaction: firstly, competitive inhibition of CYP2D shown in‐vitro, the inhibitory effects of tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs being stronger than those of novel drugs; secondly, in‐vivo inhibition of CYP2D produced by both one‐day and chronic treatment with tricyclic antidepressants (except for desipramine and clomipramine) and SSRIs, which suggests inactivation of the enzyme apoprotein by reactive metabolites; and thirdly, in‐vivo inhibition by nefazodone and induction by mirtazapine of CYP2D produced only by chronic treatment with the drugs, which suggests their influence on the enzyme regulation.
The Problem of Universals in Late Modern Legal Theory: Paradoxes of State Power

Antiquity identified moral values, but selected the wrong values. Modernity rejected the idea of moral values arguing instead for a subjective relativization of value choices. This paper argues that moral values are cognizable in materialist terms and defines morality as that which tends to encourage survival of the human species. The paper traces out the battle over the cognizability of truth and morality by examining the quarrel of universals among the scholastics and concludes that quarrel was the result of an erroneous binary epistemology that was incapable of coping with uncertainty. The erroneous epistemology of antiquity is explained by consideration of insights from contemporary logic. The breakdown of classical moral values during early modernity was inevitably possible due to the scholasticists wrong belief that all values must either be true or false. It merely required historical circumstances in the form of two global wars and global communication to be actuated. Yet, the late modern subjectivist relativist view is also wrong. Understanding how we know what morals are allows us to better see that we can infer from normative statements by recasting them as conditionals. To date, relativism has won the quarrel of universals but as an alternative materialist cognitivist epistemology emerges I predict that situation will change.
Adventitial Stem Cells in Vein Grafts Display Multilineage Potential That Contributes to Neointimal Formation

Objective—This study was designed to carry out the characterization of stem cells within the adventitia and to elucidate their functional role in the pathogenesis of vein graft atherosclerosis. Approach and Results—A mouse vein graft model was used to investigate the functional role of adventitial stem/progenitor cells on atherosclerosis. The adventitia of vein grafts underwent significant remodeling during early stages of vessel grafting and displayed markedly heterogeneous cell compositions. Immunofluorescence staining indicated a significant number of stem cell antigen-1–positive cells that were closely located to vasa vasorum. In vitro clonogenic assays demonstrated 1% to 11% of growing rates from adventitial cell cultures, most of which could be differentiated into smooth muscle cells (SMCs). These stem cell antigen-1–positive cells also displayed a potential to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, or chondrogenic lineages in vitro. In light of the proatherogenic roles of SMCs in atherosclerosis, we focused on the functional roles of progenitor-SMC differentiation, in which we subsequently demonstrated that it was driven by direct interaction of the integrin/collagen IV axis. The ex vivo bioreactor system revealed the migratory capacity of stem cell antigen-1–positive progenitor cells into the vessel wall in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1. Stem cell antigen-1–positive cells that were applied to the outer layer of vein grafts showed enhanced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice, which contributed to ≈30% of neointimal SMCs. Conclusions—We demonstrate that during pathological conditions in vein grafting, the adventitia harbors stem/progenitor cells that can actively participate in the pathogenesis of vascular disease via differentiation into SMCs.
Gut-bone Cross Talks and Implications in Celiac Disease

Metabolic bone disease is a frequent extra-intestinal co-morbidity in newly diagnosed, mostly adult patients who have 70% low bone mineral density. Musculoskeletal signs and symptoms, osteopenia, osteoporosis and fractures are the most frequent manifestations. The etiology is multifactorial, however, micronutrient malabsorption, mainly of calcium and vitamin D, secondary hyperparathyroidism and inflammation are the main driving forces. The diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms, biochemical and endocrinologic laboratory evaluation and imaging by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Treatment of low bone mineral density in CD comprises: a gluten free diet, coverage of nutritional deficiencies (including calcium and vitamin D), changes in life style and if necessary, pharmacologic and hormonal replacement therapy. The cost effectiveness of those therapy methods were barely assessed. Understanding the pathophysiology of bone loss in celiac disease might bring new therapeutical strategies for the patient’s benefit.
Magnetostriction in Ar/sup +/ implanted and annealed Co/Pd multilayers

Magnetostriction curves with (111) textured polycrystalline Co/Pd multilayers, as deposited or submitted to Ar/sup +/ ion implantation or thermal annealing, are presented and discussed. Both treatments, while promoting intermixing among Co and Pd atoms, induce an increase in the saturation magnetostriction values. The evolution of the engineering curves, however, are different due to different structural modifications promoted by the two treatments.
THE EFFECTS OF GENE FLOW ON REINFORCEMENT

We explore the possibility that differences in the pattern of gene flow between populations may affect the evolution of reinforcement by comparing pairs of populations undergoing one‐way migration versus symmetric migration. The case of symmetric migration is modeled by a two‐island model, where the two populations exchange equal proportions of migrants each generation. One‐way migration is modeled by a continent‐island model, where migration is in one direction from a large continental population with a fixed genotype to an island population whose genotype frequencies can vary. Hybrid inviability is assumed to be caused by epistatic interactions between background loci. We examine the spread of an introduced preference allele for a previously unpreferred male trait that characterizes one of the populations. Computer simulations indicate that with a weak introduced preference, reinforcement is possible under a wide range of parameter values in a symmetric migration model but cannot occur in a one‐way migration model. Reinforcement with one‐way migration can occur only with a very strong introduced preference and very strong selection against hybrids. Our results suggest that the speciation of a peripheral isolate, which undergoes essentially one‐way migration, may be difficult to complete if secondary contact occurs before reproductive isolation is fully developed.
Coronary Flow Reserve in Pregnant Rats with Increased Left Ventricular Afterload

Background Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is used as a measure of coronary endothelial function. We investigated the effect of increased afterload on CFR of pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Methods Afterload increase in Wister rats (both pregnant and non-pregnant) was achieved by the infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) for ∼10 days or by subjecting them to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for ∼14 days. Control groups were infused with 0.9% NaCl or had sham surgery, respectively. In pregnant rats, the experiments were performed close to term gestation. Doppler velocity waveforms of the left main coronary artery were recorded using a high resolution ultrasound imaging system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics, Canada) at baseline while the animals were anesthetized with 1.5% inhaled isoflurane, and during maximal coronary dilatation obtained by the inhalation of 3.5% of isoflurane. CFR was calculated as the ratio between the peak coronary flow velocities (CFRpeak) and the velocity-time integrals (CFRVTI) recorded at hyperemia and at baseline. Results CFR could be calculated in 60 of 75 (80%) animals. There were no differences in CFR between intervention and control groups irrespective of whether afterload was increased by Ang II or TAC. In the TAC-study CFRpeak (1.54±0.07 vs 1.85±0.17; p = 0.03) was decreased in pregnant compared to non-pregnant shams. When sham animals from both studies were pooled together both CFRpeak (1.42±0.07 vs 1.86±0.16; p = 0.005) as well as CFRVTI (1.45±0.07 vs 1.78±0.12; p = 0.03) were significantly lower in pregnant rats compared to non-pregnant. Conclusions CFR can be measured non-invasively in rats using Doppler echocardiography and high concentrations of inhaled isoflurane as a coronary vasodilator. In pregnant rats, CFR is reduced close to term. CFR is not affected by increased left ventricular afterload caused by chronic Ang II infusion or TAC.
Elicitation Design for Acoustic Depression Classification: An Investigation of Articulation Effort, Linguistic Complexity, and Word Affect

Assessment of neurological and psychiatric disorders like depression are unusual from a speech processing perspective, in that speakers can be prompted or instructed in what they should say (e.g. as part of a clinical assessment). Despite prior speech-based depression studies that have used a variety of speech elicitation methods, there has been little evaluation of the best elicitation mode. One approach to understand this better is to analyze an existing database from the perspective of articulation effort, word affect, and linguistic complexity measures as proxies for depression sub-symptoms (e.g. psychomotor retardation, negative stimulus suppression, cognitive impairment). Here a novel measure for quantifying articulation effort is introduced, and when applied experimentally to the DAIC corpus shows promise for identifying speech data that are more discriminative of depression. Interestingly, experiment results demonstrate that by selecting speech with higher articulation effort, linguistic complexity, or word-based arousal/valence, improvements in acoustic speech-based feature depression classification performance can be achieved, serving as a guide for future elicitation design.
The Battle Between Hoping and Suffering: A Conceptual Model of Hope Within a Context of Spinal Cord Injury

The aim of this longitudinal study was to explore 10 patients' experiences of the meaning they attribute to the substance of hope and the process of hoping during the first 3 to 4 years following a spinal cord injury. This qualitative study is a synthesis of three empirical studies of hope and the overall aim was to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon of hope, based on the text representing the main contextual findings, to develop a theoretical framework on hope within a context of spinal cord injury, illustrated in the conceptual model. In correspondence with Ricoeur, this conceptual model, which was developed from a new understanding, based on a new text of the phenomenon of hope, develops a new and deeper understanding of the meaning of hope. Findings revealed 9 themes: universal hope, uncertain hope, hope as a turning point, the power of hope, boundless creative and flexible hope, enduring hope, despairing hope, body-related hope, and existential hope. The conceptual model was derived from these themes, illustrated as The Battle between Hoping and Suffering and The Road of Hope. The interpretations also revealed a distinction between being in hope and having hope, and having a hope of improvements was the main focus at the early stage of rehabilitation, whereas being in hope as being just fine was the main focus after 3 to 4 years of rehabilitation.