Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular mechanisms of bone repair.

The extent of callus formation about a bone fracture depends on the rigidity of fracture fixation. The mechanism that converts the mechanical stimulus into the biologic response is unknown. On the basis of existing literature, an attempt has been made to define a model that explains this mechanobiologic transduction. Once integrity of the bone has been disrupted, a sequence of biochemical and cellular events commences that induces inflammatory reactions. Messengers (e.g., metabolites of the clotting or complement system, eicosanoids, or growth factors) are released or activated. They control the migration, proliferation, and protein synthesis of cells that are essential for angiogenesis and connective tissue formation. The key component in this inflammatory sequence seems to be the macrophage. Growth factors (e.g., released by macrophages) stimulate endothelial cells to form capillaries and mesenchymal cells to synthesize their matrix. In mechanically neutral areas, the fracture cavity is revascularized and osteoblasts proliferate and form bone. In mechanically instable fracture areas, spreading capillaries are disrupted by shear forces. In these areas, therefore, the milieu becomes hypoxic again. This milieu seems to support the differentiation of chondrocytes that stabilize the fracture by cartilage formation. If the strength of repair tissue is surpassed, the disrupture of the repair tissue triggers the mechanisms of inflammation again and additional cells immigrate and proliferate. Their protein synthesis increases repair callus. The increase of callus formation, however, stops when the tissue is capable of resisting motion. Links to the callus formation in osteitis are shown.
Microarray Analysis of Transcriptional Responses to Abscisic Acid and Salt Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in plant responses to abiotic stress. To investigate differences in plant responses to salt and ABA stimulus, differences in gene expression in Arabidopsis in response to salt and ABA were compared using an Agilent oligo microarray. A total of 144 and 139 genes were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, under NaCl stress, while 406 and 381 genes were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, under ABA stress conditions. In addition, 31 genes were upregulated by both NaCl and ABA stresses, and 23 genes were downregulated by these stressors, suggesting that these genes may play similar roles in plant responses to salt and ABA stress. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed four subgroups of genes, including genes in the GO categories “Molecular transducer activity”, “Growth”, “Biological adhesion” and “Pigmentation”, which were expressed in response to ABA stress but not NaCl stress. In addition, genes that play specific roles during salt or ABA stress were identified. Our results may help elucidate differences in the response of plants to salt and ABA stress.
A new cascading failures model based on the evolution of node status

Cascading failure process standard model is the baseline work. A cascading failures model for the basic complex network based on the evolution of node status is proposed in this paper. Following the cascading failures mechanism on basis of dynamics model, a load redistribution strategy based on the real-time tracking node state is proposed. This new strategy of node-load redistributing can redistribute load based on adjoin node status. In order to explore the internal mechanism of the basic complex network on the circumstances of cascading failures, we made an experiment on American airlines network, and also, we make the importance assessment applied and expanded on the model of cascading failures based on evolution of node status. The result shows that this new redistributing strategy can reach the beast robust.
BERGMANN'S RULE IN NONAVIAN REPTILES: TURTLES FOLLOW IT, LIZARDS AND SNAKES REVERSE IT

Abstract Bergmann's rule is currently defined as a within-species tendency for increasing body size with increasing latitude or decreasing environmental temperature. This well-known ecogeographic pattern has been considered a general trend for all animals, yet support for Bergmann's rule has only been demonstrated for mammals and birds. Here we evaluate Bergmann's rule in two groups of reptiles: chelonians (turtles) and squamates (lizards and snakes). We perform both nonphylogenetic and phylogenetic analyses and show that chelonians follow Bergmann's rule (19 of 23 species increase in size with latitude; 14 of 15 species decrease in size with temperature), whereas squamates follow the converse to Bergmann's rule (61 of 83 species decrease in size with latitude; 40 of 56 species increase in size with temperature). Size patterns of chelonians are significant using both nonphylogenetic and phylogenetic methods, whereas only the nonphylogenetic analyses are significant for squamates. These trends are consistent among major groups of chelonians and squamates for which data are available. This is the first study to document the converse to Bergmann's rule in any major animal group as well as the first to show Bergmann's rule in a major group of ectotherms. The traditional explanation for Bergmann's rule is that larger endothermic individuals conserve heat better in cooler areas. However, our finding that at least one ectothermic group also follows Bergmann's rule suggests that additional factors may be important. Several alternative processes, such as selection for rapid heat gain in cooler areas, may be responsible for the converse to Bergmann's rule in squamates.
ThinPrep Pap tests in patients with endometrial cancer: A histo‐cytological correlation

The aim of this retrospective study was to correlate cytological diagnoses of endometrial cancers in ThinPrep Pap tests with the histological diagnoses. ThinPrep specimens from 67 patients within 12 mo of the histological diagnosis of endometrial cancer were studied. Of this study sample, 89.6% had abnormal Pap tests. Abnormal Pap tests occurred in 96.8, 68.4, and 100% of patients with grades 1, 2, or 3 endometrial cancers, respectively. Of patients with endocervical involvement, 88.9% had positive or suspicious Pap tests, compared with 41.1% without endocervical involvement (LR = 7.85, P < 0.01). Of patients with ≥50% myometrial invasion, 78.9% had positive or suspicious Pap tests, compared with 34.8% with less than 50% invasion (LR = 10.97, P < 0.01). Positive or suspicious Pap tests were found in 59.5 and 32.1% of those with tumors ≥3 cm or <3cm, respectively (LR = 4.85, P < 0.05). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:448–453. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A common variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Glu298-->Asp) is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease in the UK.

BACKGROUND Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is synthesised from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) encoded by the NOS 3 gene on chromosome 7. Because reduced NO synthesis has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis, which has a heritable component, we hypothesised that polymorphisms of NOS 3 might be associated with increased susceptibility to this disorder. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of NOS 3 identified a G-->T polymorphism in exon 7 of the gene which encodes a Glu-->Asp amino acid substitution at residue 298 of eNOS. We investigated the relationship between this Glu(298)-->Asp variant and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) using 2 independent case-controlled studies. In the first study (CHAOS), cases consisted of 298 unrelated patients with positive coronary angiograms and controls were 138 unrelated healthy individuals ascertained through a population health screen. In the second study (CHAOS II), the cases were 249 patients with recent myocardial infarction (MI), and a further 183 unrelated controls. There was an excess of homozygotes for the Asp298 variant among patients with angiographic CAD, and among patients with recent MI when compared with their respective controls (35.9% versus 10.2%, P<0.0001 in CHAOS, and 18.1% versus 8.7%, P<0.02 in CHAOS II). In comparison to Glu(298) homozygotes, homozygosity for Asp(298) was associated with an odds ratio of 4.2 (95% CI, 2.3 to 7.9) for angiographic CAD and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.2) for MI. CONCLUSIONS Homozygosity for a common NOS 3 polymorphism (894 G-->T) which encodes a Glu298-->Asp amino acid substitution in eNOS is a risk factor for angiographic CAD and recent MI in this population.
Seeking Personal Autonomy Through the Use of Facebook in Iran

In Iran, where males and females are kept separated in different spheres, Facebook may be used as an opportunity to bridge this gap between the genders. However, this study showed that Facebook, as a nonymous platform in which people are in contact with their already-made social ties, didn’t seem to be liberating from the existing norms and rules within society. Facebook was a stage that became restricted with the involvement of social ties. The study’s analysis of interviews with six young Iranians showed that social meanings and norms of self-presentation on Facebook are defined to a large degree in terms of gender. The informants used a variety of strategies when presenting themselves on Facebook. They used Facebook simply for gaining personal autonomy. Strategies were adopted especially when one’s personal and community needs were in conflict. Efforts made to apply strategies were gendered and were used mainly by females. Males conformed to and women resisted societal norms and expectations.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Levels in Healthy Adults

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels mainly reflect secretion of growth hormone (GH) in the body. The aims of this study were to compare different IGF-I assay methods in healthy individuals, test the reliability of the methods and discuss the utility of IGF-I measurement in adults. The Nichols Institute Diagnostics radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate IGF-I in two random population samples of men and women (aged 25–64 years, n = 392) taken 10 years apart, in 1985 and 1995. This method for IGF-I testing was also compared with an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) method in 387 men and women participating in the World Health Organization MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants for CArdiovascular diseases) Project, Göteborg, Sweden, in 1995. Serum IGF-I decreased with increasing age in both men and women. IGF-I was higher in young women compared with young men in both cohorts, while the opposite was found in the highest age group. Age-adjusted significant correlations were found between IGF-I and smoking, fibrinogen, coffee consumption, lipoprotein (a), osteocalcin and IGF-binding protein 3. The two cohorts showed similar mean IGF-I concentrations irrespective of method. The correlation between the Nichols and the IRMA methods was high: r = 0.93 (p < 0.0001). Based on this and previous studies, population-based IGF-I measurements are robust irrespective of which commercially available method of assay is used. IGF-I levels can be used in diagnosing acromegaly as well as providing target values. IGF-I assay can be used as a complement to stimulation testing in the diagnosis of GH deficiency, and as a tool for GH dose titration.
Spectral Measures of Risk : a Coherent Representation of Subjective Risk Aversion

We study a space of coherent risk measuresMφ obtained as certain expansions of coherent elementary basis measures. In this space, the concept of “Risk Aversion Function” φ naturally arises as the spectral representation of each risk measure in a space of functions of confidence level probabilities. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on φ for Mφ to be a coherent measure. We find in this way a simple interpretation of the concept of coherence and a way to map any rational investor’s subjective risk aversion onto a coherent measure and vice—versa. We also provide for these measures their discrete versions M (N) φ acting on finite sets of N independent realizations of a r.v. which are not only shown to be coherent measures for any fixed N , but also consistent estimators of Mφ for large N .
RELATION BETWEEN LEARNING STYLES, METHODS FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The aim of this descriptive study is to determine relation between learning styles, learning methods and academic achievement of university students. This study was conducted in 2014 and the sample was consisted of 130 university students training in second and forth levels from School of Health. We used Turkish version of VARK scale for determining learning styles. In this study, 60.0% of the students were using of multimodal and 40.0% were using unimodal learning styles. The kinesthetic modal was the most preferred among the unimodal learning styles. We found that the usage of visual and auditory learning styles was very low despite the content of nursing education programs. Nursing programs necessitate skills on problem solving in clinical education from first to fourth years which were based on patient education, treatment and care. Therefore academicians in nursing schools should encourage to students using active learning styles.
Preservice Teachers' Abilities, Beliefs, and Intentions regarding Technology Integration

This study investigated changes in and factors related to students' technology-related abilities, beliefs, and intentions. Participants were 76 preservice teachers who responded to pre- and post-course surveys while taking an introductory educational technology course. Statistically significant changes were found in students' perceived abilities, self-efficacy beliefs, value beliefs, and intentions to use software in their future classrooms. Students' self-efficacy, value beliefs, and intentions were moderately correlated with each other. Abilities were correlated with self-efficacy and computer access. The best predictors of intentions were self-efficacy beliefs, gender, and value beliefs. These results strongly support the effectiveness of educational technology coursework in improving not just abilities, but also beliefs and intentions. They highlight the importance of relationships between preservice teachers' beliefs about technology integration and their potential use of technology in their future classrooms. The authors provide suggestions for enhancing preservice teachers' beliefs during technology coursework.
Operational Practices and Financial Performance: an Empirical Analysis of Brazilian Manufacturing Companies

In the operations management field, operational practices like total quality management or just in time have been seen as a way to improve operational performance and ultimately financial performance. Empirical support for this effect of operational practices in financial performance has been, however, limited due to research design and the inherent difficulties of using performance as a dependent variable. In this paper, we tested the relationship between selected operational practices (quality management, just in time, ISO certification and services outsourcing) in financial performance outcomes of profitability and growth. A sample of 1200 firms, operating in Sao Paulo, Brazil, was used. Analysis using multiple regression explored the direct effect of practices and their interaction with industry dummies. Results did not support the existence of a positive relationship with financial performance. A negative relationship of outsourcing with both profitability and growth was found, supporting some critical views of the outsourcing practice. A weaker negative relationship between ISO certification and growth was also found. Some interactions between practices and industries were also significant, with mixed results, indicating that the effect of practices on performance might be context dependent.
The Frequency of Exfoliation Syndrome in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of exfoliation syndrome in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey and to evaluate its relationship with cardiovascular and ocular diseases. Methods. Patients over the age of 45 years who presented to the clinic were included in the study. All cases underwent a comprehensive ophthalmology examination. Exfoliation syndrome was diagnosed with the presence of exfoliative material on the lens anterior capsule or iris on slit lamp examination. The patients were divided into two groups as the exfoliation syndrome group and nonexfoliation syndrome group according to the presence of exfoliative material. Results. Exfoliative material was found in one or both eyes of 212 of the 2103 patients (10.1%) evaluated within the scope of the study. A significant relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and increasing age and male gender. A significant relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and phacodonesis. While no relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and hypertension or diabetes mellitus, a significant relationship was found with coronary artery disease. Conclusion. The unilateral or bilateral exfoliation syndrome frequency was 10.1% in this hospital-based study. A statistically significant relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and advancing age, gender, and coronary artery disease.
AN MBO SCHEME ON GRAPHS FOR SEGMENTATION AND IMAGE PROCESSING

In this paper we present a computationally efficient algorithm utilizing a fully or semi nonlocal graph Laplacian for solving a wide range of learning problems in data clustering and image processing. Combining ideas from L1 compressive sensing, image processing and graph methods, the diffuse interface model based on the Ginzburg-Landau functional was recently introduced to the graph community for solving problems in data classification. Here, we propose an adaptation of the classic numerical Merriman-Bence-Osher (MBO) scheme for graph-based methods and also make use of fast numerical solvers for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian. We present various computational examples to demonstrate the performance of our model, which is successful on images with texture and repetitive structure due to its nonlocal nature.
KDM3B shows tumor-suppressive activity and transcriptionally regulates HOXA1 through retinoic acid response elements in acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract KDM3B reportedly shows both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting activities in leukemia. The function of KDM3B is likely cell-type dependent and its seeming functional discordance may reflect its phenotypic dependence on downstream targets. Here, we first showed the underexpression of KDM3B in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and AML cell lines with MLL-AF6/9 or PML-RARA translocations. Overexpression of KDM3B repressed colony formation of AML cell line with 5q deletion. We then performed global microarray profiling to identify potential downstream targets of KDM3B, notably HOXA1, which was verified by real time PCR and Western blotting. We further showed KDM3B binding at retinoic acid response elements (RARE) but not at the promoter region of HOXA1 gene. KDM3B knockdown resulted in increased mono-methylation but decreased di-methylation of H3K9 at RARE while eschewing the promoter region of HOXA1. Collectively, we found that KDM3B exhibits potential tumor-suppressive activity and transcriptionally modulates HOXA1 expression via RARE in AML.
Analysis of vedic multiplier using various adder topologies

Vedic maths based multiplier is a novel and high speed multiplier. Adder is one of the main components used in this technique. Using fast adder will enhance the overall performance of the Vedic multiplier. In this work, comparative analysis is done using different adder architectures in Synopsis Design Compiler with different standard cell libraries at 32/28 nm. Various Adder topologies like Ripple Carry Adder (RCA), Carry Select Adder (CSA), Square Root Carry Select Adder (SQRT-CSA), Common Boolean Logic (CBL) and Binary to Excess one Converter (BEC) are used to compare area, delay and power. Designing is done for 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit Vedic multiplier using the above adders. It is found that 64-bit Vedic multiplier using SQRT-CSA adder is approximately 5% faster than RCA-CSA and BEC, 75% faster than CBL and RCA.
The Savant Syndrome

Though music educators work with students who have a special learning need or a gifted ability on a daily basis, encountering a student who has both can be unexpected. The literature presented here can be used as a basis for information pertaining to terminology, studies and theories that attempt to explain the savant syndrome, how to identify it, and what factors are important in ensuring they are successful in the music classroom. Articles were obtained using scholarly databases. Factual information about the syndrome is readily agreed on, but why and how the syndrome happens is still a matter of debate. Some successful teaching methods have been replicated in multiple studies, yet the research in this area is still evolving. Nevertheless, these resources create a stepping-stone that the music educator can use to supplement his or her knowledge of working with savant students.
A Mobile Platform for Nursing Robots

This paper describes a computer-controlled vehicle which is part of a nursing robot system currently under development at the Technion-Israel Institute for Technology. The platform of this vehicle can also be used for household robots. Design considerations, control algorithms, and the necessary sensory devices are discussed. The vehicle applies a motion control strategy which avoids slippage and minimizes position errors. Experimental results, performed on a prototype vehicle, are described as well.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a disorder of lung regeneration?

related to the type of microbial stress (8). However, this is also likely to be valid for other TLRs and may prove relevant to the discovery made by Wurfel and colleagues (1). On the basis of this line of reasoning, one can imagine that the TLR1 polymorphisms shown to be detrimental in gram-positive sepsis may prove advantageous in other diseases or populations. Why is this body of work so special? While the scientific findings offered by Wurfel and associates substantially advance our understanding of innate immunity, the approach used by these investigators should be carefully considered by those interested in genomic research. This one article illustrates all of the important tenants of rigorous translational genomic research, and particularly using the genome to integrate basic biology with the clinical sciences to address a problem that is profoundly important to our patients and their families. The special feature of this study is the interdisciplinary approaches used to develop a biology-driven phenotype and identify an associated innate immune SNP (broad-based screening of peripheral blood innate immune responsiveness), the discovery of associated amino acid changing polymorphisms in TLR1 (bioinformatics), the biological consequences of these polymorphisms (cloning, site-directed mutagenesis, transfection, and cell surface receptor detection of TLR1), and evaluation of the clinical relevance of these TLR1 SNPs in two independent populations (clinical relevance through collaboration). The interdisciplinary approaches represented in this article are independent approaches that all intersect on TLR1 to demonstrate its importance in determining who becomes septic from gram-positive organisms and how sick they become. These are the types of approaches we need to incorporate into our research to effectively translate the genome into clinically meaningful advances at the bedside. The research tools and collaborations that are available to us at this point in time are unprecedented. But, like the doubleedged sword of innate immunity, these tools and opportunities raise the scientific bar and require that our genetic and genomic studies move beyond mere association, and include fundamental approaches that shed light on the biology and the phenotypes that underlie such associations. I applaud the authors for showing us the path forward.