Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Theory of User-Based Relevance: A Call for a New Paradigm of Inquiry

The concept of relevance has played a major role in the evaluation of information retrieval and its research without much consideration of users. While methodological deficiencies have been noted and criticized, the study of relevance is still suffering from much discussion of alternative methods. This article discusses the need to develop the concept of user-based relevance for the benefit of users and for the meaningful development of future research in information retrieval. Some of the characteristics of users' criteria of relevance are examined from the literature. The use of a qualitative research approach is suggested as an alternative methodology for studying user-based relevance along with a discussion of the essential characteristics and the core philosophical assumptions underlying the inquiry paradigm. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Supporting interactivity in automated 3D illustrations

An interactive intent-based illustration is a picture designed to satisfy an input communicative intent, and which can be interactively redesigned as it is viewed. We describe how the architecture of IBIS (Intent-Based Illustration System) automates the design of 3D interactive intent-based illustrations. The types of interaction that IBIS supports include changes in the world, as objects move and otherwise change state; changes in the communicative intent, as modified by the user or other programs; queries, in which the user can request additional information; and selfeva.luation, in which other programs can request IBIS to analyze various properties of the illustration, such as how well an illustration’s communicative intent is satisfied or which graphical techniques it uses. We show how IBIS’s design process and rule base make possible these forms of interaction.
Returning a Recently Adopted Companion Animal: Adopters' Reasons for and Reactions to the Failed Adoption Experience

The return of a recently adopted companion animal places the nonhuman animal in jeopardy and may be painful and frustrating to the humans involved. However, if returners learn from the failed adoption experience, future adoptions may be more satisfactory for all concerned. In this study, 78 people who had adopted and returned dogs or cats to an animal shelter in a U.S. Midwestern city were interviewed regarding their reasons for return, reactions to the experience, and plans for future adoptions. Although some returners adjusted their pet ownership plans in potentially beneficial ways, most reacted by counseling greater forethought and planning before adopting. The last, although sound advice, had little to do with reasons for return, which primarily were problems that arose postadoption: pet behavior such as not getting along with other pets or children. Changing expectations about the development of new pet–family relationships and the provision of postadoption services might help adopters tolerate the adjustment period and handle problems without resorting to returning the animal.
Gene-drive in age-structured insect populations

To date, models of gene‐drive mechanisms proposed for replacing wild‐type mosquitoes with transgenic strains that cannot transmit diseases have assumed no age or mating structure. We developed a more detailed model to analyze the effects of age and mating‐related factors on the number of engineered insects that must be introduced into a wild population to achieve successful gene‐drive based on the Medea and engineered underdominance mechanisms. We found that models without age‐structure and mating details can substantially overestimate or underestimate the numbers of engineered insects that must be introduced. In general, introduction thresholds are lowest when young adults are introduced. When both males and females are introduced, assortative mating by age has little impact on the introduction threshold unless the introduced females have diminished reproductive ability because of their age. However, when only males are introduced, assortative mating by age is generally predicted to increase introduction thresholds. In most cases, introduction thresholds are much higher for male‐only introductions than for both‐sex introductions, but when mating is nearly random and the introduced insects are adults with Medea constructs, male‐only introductions can have somewhat lower thresholds than both‐sex introductions. Results from this model suggest specific parameters that should be measured in field experiments.
Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants

Background: Although it has been repeatedly suggested that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with depression, no conclusion has so far been reached. A study was undertaken to investigate whether depression occurs more often in patients with COPD than in controls. The demographic and clinical variables associated with depression were also determined. Methods: Patients with a registered diagnosis of obstructive airway disease in general practice, aged ≥40 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) <80% predicted, FEV1 reversibility ≤12%, FEV1/VC ≤ predicted – 1.64 × SD, and a history of smoking were selected. A random sample of subjects without a registered diagnosis of asthma or COPD aged 40 years or older acted as controls. Depression was assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Results: In patients with severe COPD (FEV1 <50% predicted), the prevalence of depression was 25.0% compared with 17.5% in controls and 19.6% in patients with mild to moderate COPD. When the results were adjusted for demographic variables and comorbidity, the risk for depression was 2.5 times greater for patients with severe COPD than for controls (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.4). In patients with mild to moderate COPD this increased risk of depression was not seen. Living alone, reversibility of FEV1 % predicted, respiratory symptoms and physical impairment were significantly associated with the scores on the CES-D scale. Conclusion: Patients with severe COPD are at increased risk of developing depression. The results of this study underscore the importance of reducing symptoms and improving physical functioning in patients with COPD.
Use of fructans in dogs.

Fructans are classified as prebiotic, which is defined as nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon, and thus improve host health. In addition to their intestinal health benefits by increasing beneficial microbial populations, fructans have been shown to decrease fecal odor components, reduce blood cholesterol, prevent or inhibit the occurrence of some types of cancer, enhance vitamin synthesis, increase mineral absorption, and stimulate the immune system. Different forms of fructans can have different physiological effects in dogs. Specific effects may vary due to fructan chain length and/or rate of fermentation. The type of diet utilized (plant-based or animal-based and level of crude protein) and variation among individual animals might greatly affect the efficacy of fructans supplementation. The full beneficial effects of fructans probably will not be experienced unless dietary concentrations are above 0.4% of dry food. In this review, the importance and effects of fructans were emphasized and the studies investigating use of fructans in dogs were summarized.
Letter by Connelly et al regarding article, "Diastolic stiffness of the failing diabetic heart: importance of fibrosis, advanced glycation end products, and myocyte resting tension".

To the Editor: We would like to congratulate van Heerebeek and colleagues on the recent article “Diastolic Stiffness of the Failing Diabetic heart. ”1 The authors provide evidence that increased myocyte stiffness is the principal abnormality in diabetic subjects with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction and that fibrosis and advanced glycation …
Shock compression of liquid helium and helium-hydrogen mixtures : development of a cryogenic capability for shock compression of liquid helium on Z, final report for LDRD Project 141536.

This final report on SNL/NM LDRD Project 141536 summarizes progress made toward the development of a cryogenic capability to generate liquid helium (LHe) samples for high accuracy equation-of-state (EOS) measurements on the Z current drive. Accurate data on He properties at Mbar pressures are critical to understanding giant planetary interiors and for validating first principles density functional simulations, but it is difficult to condense LHe samples at very low temperatures (<3.5 K) for experimental studies on gas guns, magnetic and explosive compression devices, and lasers. We have developed a conceptual design for a cryogenic LHe sample system to generate quiescent superfluid LHe samples at 1.5-1.8 K. This cryogenic system adapts the basic elements of a continuously operating, self-regulating {sup 4}He evaporation refrigerator to the constraints of shock compression experiments on Z. To minimize heat load, the sample holder is surrounded by a double layer of thermal radiation shields cooled with LHe to 5 K. Delivery of LHe to the pumped-He evaporator bath is controlled by a flow impedance. The LHe sample holder assembly features modular components and simplified fabrication techniques to reduce cost and complexity to levels required of an expendable device. Prototypes have been fabricated, assembled, and instrumented formore » initial testing. « less
Tobacco use among designated air pollution victims and its association with lung function and respiratory symptoms: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Objectives We sought to elucidate the long-term association of tobacco use and respiratory health in designated pollution victims with and without obstructive pulmonary defects. Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting The register of pollution victims in Kurashiki, Japan. Participants 730 individuals over 65 years of age previously diagnosed with pollution-related respiratory disease. Patients were classified into four groups according to their smoking status and whether they had obstructive pulmonary disease. We then compared the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and lung function over time between groups. Primary outcome measures Spirometry was performed and a respiratory health questionnaire completed in the same season each year for up to 30 years. Results Rates of smoking and respiratory disease were high in our sample. Although respiratory function in non-smoking patients did not completely recover, the annual rate of change in lung function was within the normal range (p<0.01). However, smokers had worse lung function and were more likely to report more severe pulmonary symptoms (p<0.01). Conclusions Patients’ respiratory function did not fully recover despite improved air quality. Our results suggest that, in the context of exposure to air pollution, tobacco use causes additional loss of lung function and exacerbates respiratory symptoms.
Numerical Simulations and Experimental Results of Tensile Test Behavior of Laser Butt Welded DP980 Steels

Laser welding of advanced high strength steels for fabrication of tailor welded blanks is of increasing interest for continued improvements in vehicle performance and safety without an increase in weight. Experimental results have shown that formability of welded dual-phase (DP) steels is significantly reduced by the formation of a softened region in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In this study, a finite element simulation of welded DP980 samples undergoing transverse uniaxial tensile testing was used to evaluate the effects of soft zone width and strength on formability characteristics. Both the strength and the ductility of laser welded blanks decreased compared with those of unwelded blanks due to the formation of a softened outer-HAZ, where strain localization and final fracture occurred during tensile testing. The magnitude of softening and the width of the HAZ depend on the laser specific energy. It was observed from tensile test experiments and numerical simulations that both a decrease in strength and an increase in width of the softened HAZ were responsible for a decrease in the overall strength and ductility of the welded blanks. DOI: 10.1115/1.2969256
Microarchitecture of a Coarse-Grain Out-of-Order Superscalar Processor

We explore the design, implementation, and evaluation of a coarse-grain superscalar processor in the context of the microarchitecture of the Control Processor (CP) of the Multilevel Computing Architecture (MLCA), a novel architecture targeted for multimedia multicore systems. The MLCA augments a traditional multicore architecture (called the lower level) with a CP (called the top-level), which automatically extracts parallelism among coarse-grain units of computation (tasks), synchronizes these tasks and schedules them for execution on processors. It does so in a fashion similar to how instruction-level parallelism is extracted by superscalar processors, i.e., using register renaming, Out-of-Order Execution (OoOE) and scheduling. The coarse-grain nature of tasks imposes challenging constraints on the direct use of these techniques, but also offers opportunities for simpler designs. We analyze the impact of these constraints and opportunities and present novel microarchitectural mechanisms for coarse-grain superscalar execution, including register renaming, task queue, dynamic out-of-order scheduling and task-issue. We design an MLCA system around our CP microarchitecture and implement it on an FPGA. We evaluate the system using multimedia applications and show good scalability for eight processors, limited by the memory bandwidth of the FPGA platform. Furthermore, we show that the CP introduces little overhead in terms of resource usage. Finally, we show scalability beyond eight processors using cycle-accurate RTL-level simulation with an idealized memory subsystem. We demonstrate that the CP poses no performance bottlenecks and is scalable up to 32 processors.
Intrinsic Dimensional Outlier Detection in High-Dimensional Data

—We introduce a new method for evaluating local outliers, by utilizing a measure of the intrinsic dimensionality in the vicinity of a test point, the continuous intrinsic dimension (ID), which has been shown to be equivalent to a measure of the discriminative power of similarity functions. Continuous ID can be regarded as an extension of Karger and Ruhl’s expansion dimension to a statistical setting in which the distribution of distances to a query point is modeled in terms of a continuous random variable. The proposed local outlier score, IDOS, uses ID as a substitute for the density estimation used in classical outlier detection methods such as LOF. An experimental analysis is provided showing that the precision of IDOS substantially improves over that of state-of-the-art outlier detection scoring methods, especially when the data sets are large and high-dimensional.
TMBpro : Secondary Structure , β-contact , and Tertiary Structure Prediction of Transmembrane β-Barrel Proteins

Motivation: Transmembrane -barrel (TMB) proteins are embedded in the outer membranes of mitochondria, Gram-negative bacteria, and chloroplasts. These proteins perform critical functions, including active ion-transport and passive nutrient intake. Therefore there is a need for accurate prediction of secondary and tertiary structure of TMB proteins. Traditional homology modeling methods, however, fail on most TMB proteins since very few non-homologous TMB structures have been determined. Yet, because TMB structures conform to specific construction rules that restrict the conformational space drastically, it should be possible for methods that do not depend on target-template homology to be applied successfully. Results: We develop a suite (TMBpro) of specialized predictors for predicting secondary structure (TMBpro-SS), β-contacts (TMBproCON), and tertiary structure (TMBpro-3D) of transmembrane -barrel proteins. We compare our results to the recent state-of-the-art predictors transFold and PRED-TMBB using their respective benchmark datasets, and leave-one-out-cross-validation. Using the transFold dataset TMBpro predicts secondary structure with per-residue accuracy (Q2) of 77.8%, a correlation coefficient of . 54, and TMBpro predicts β-contacts with precision of . 65 and recall of . 67. Using the PRED-TMBB dataset TMBpro predicts secondary structure with Q2 of 88.3% and a correlation coefficient of . 75. All of these performance results exceed previously published results by 4% or more. Working with the PRED-TMBB dataset, TMBpro predicts the tertiary structure of transmembrane segments with RMSD less than 6.0 Å for 9 of 14 proteins. For 6 of 14 predictions, the RMSD is less than 5.0 Å, with a GDT_TS score greater than 60.0. Availability: http://www.igb. uci.edu/servers/psss.html Contact: pfbaldi@ics.uci.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Defect Probability-based System-On-Chip Test Scheduling

In this paper we address the test scheduling problem for system-on-chip. Different from previous approaches where it is assumed that all tests will be performed until completion, we consider the cases where the test process will be terminated as soon as a defect is detected. This is common practice in production test of chips. The proposed technique takes into account the probability of defect-detection by a test set in order to schedule the test sets so that the expected total test time will be minimized. It supports different test bus structures, test scheduling strategies (sequential scheduling vs. Concurrent scheduling), and test set assumptions (fixed test time vs. Flexible test time). Several heuristic algorithms have been developed and experiments performed to demonstrate their efficiency.
A t-butyloxycarbonyl-modified Wnt5a-derived hexapeptide functions as a potent antagonist of Wnt5a-dependent melanoma cell invasion

The influential role of Wnt5a in tumor progression underscores the requirement for developing molecules that can target Wnt5a-mediated cellular responses. In the aggressive skin cancer, melanoma, elevated Wnt5a expression promotes cell motility and drives metastasis. Two approaches can be used to counteract these effects: inhibition of Wnt5a expression or direct blockade of Wnt5a signaling. We have investigated both options in the melanoma cell lines, A2058 and HTB63. Both express Frizzled-5, which has been implicated as the receptor for Wnt5a in melanoma cells. However, only the HTB63 cell line expresses and secretes Wnt5a. In these cells, the cytokine, TGFβ1, controlled the expression of Wnt5a, but due to the unpredictable effects of TGFβ1 signaling on melanoma cell motility, targeting Wnt5a signaling via TGFβ1 was an unsuitable strategy to pursue. We therefore attempted to target Wnt5a signaling directly. Exogenous Wnt5a stimulation of A2058 cells increased adhesion, migration and invasion, all crucial components of tumor metastasis, and the Wnt5a-derived N-butyloxycarbonyl hexapeptide (Met-Asp-Gly-Cys-Glu-Leu; 0.766 kDa) termed Box5, abolished these responses. Box5 also inhibited the basal migration and invasion of Wnt5a-expressing HTB63 melanoma cells. Box5 antagonized the effects of Wnt5a on melanoma cell migration and invasion by directly inhibiting Wnt5a-induced protein kinase C and Ca2+ signaling, the latter of which we directly demonstrate to be essential for cell invasion. The Box5 peptide directly inhibits Wnt5a signaling, representing an approach to anti-metastatic therapy for otherwise rapidly progressive melanoma, and for other Wnt5a-stimulated invasive cancers.
PROLOG-LINDA : AN EMBEDDING OF LINDA IN muPROLOG

This paper presents an embedding of the Linda parallel programming paradigm in Prolog. A mono-processor and a multi-processor implementation are described. Both implementations provide coarse grain parallelism to Prolog. The embedding of Linda in Prolog extends Linda's standard tuple space operations, permitting unification and Prolog style deduction in the tuple space. Examples of the added capabilities introduced by a deductive tuple space, as well as example applications of Prolog-Linda as a whole, are given.
Hodgkin's disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection: clinicopathologic and virologic features of 114 patients from the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors.

PURPOSE To describe virologic, clinicopathologic, and therapeutic features of a large series of Italian patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS From November 1986 to March 1994, 114 cases were observed. The relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HD was determined by an in situ hybridization technique, immunostaining for EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) expression, and Southern blotting. Twenty-six patients were included in a prospective study evaluating the combination of chemotherapy (CT) with zidovudine. RESULTS Combined approach on EBV study revealed that 14 (78%) of 18 patients were EBV-associated. An almost equivalent distribution of EBV subtypes was observed in EBV-carrying cases, indicating that in the HIV setting, type 2 EBV also may be pathogenetically involved in HD development. In comparing these 114 patients with our single-institutional series of 104 HIV-negative patients with HD, we observed at presentation a younger median age (29 v 38 years); a prevalence of males (90% v 56%); and a higher percentage of stage IV disease (52% v 15%), presence of B symptoms (77% v 35%), and extranodal disease (63% v 29%). The complete remission (CR) rate (58%) and median survival (13 months) of patients treated prospectively were similar to that of patients treated with standard CT regimens. The statistically significant favorable prognostic factors for survival being the following: achievement of CR, CD4+ count greater than 250/microL, and no prior diagnosis of AIDS at onset of HD. CONCLUSION Our virologic findings indicate that HIV-related HD is more closely associated with EBV than HD in the general population. The peculiar clinicopathologic findings, the role of some prognostic factors, and the possibility of cure of HIV-related HD have been demonstrated.
Inferring user action with mobile gaze tracking

Gaze tracking in psychological, cognitive, and user interaction studies has recently evolved toward mobile solutions, as they enable direct assessing of users' visual attention in natural environments, and augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) applications. Productive approaches in analyzing and predicting user actions with gaze data require a multidisciplinary approach with experts in cognitive and behavioral sciences, machine vision, and machine learning. This workshop brings together a cross-domain group of individuals to (i) discuss and contribute to the problem of using mobile gaze tracking for inferring user action, (ii) advance the sharing of data and analysis algorithms as well as device solutions, and (iii) increase understanding of behavioral aspects of gaze-action sequences in natural environments and AR/VR applications.