Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dogs Rely On Visual Cues Rather Than On Effector-Specific Movement Representations to Predict Human Action Targets

Abstract The ability to predict others’ actions is one of the main pillars of social cognition. We investigated the processes underlying this ability by pitting motor representations of the observed movements against visual familiarity. In two pre-registered eye-tracking experiments, we measured the gaze arrival times of 16 dogs (Canis familiaris) who observed videos of a human or a conspecific executing the same goal-directed actions. On the first trial, when the human agent performed human-typical movements outside dogs’ specific motor repertoire, dogs’ gaze arrived at the target object anticipatorily (i.e., before the human touched the target object). When the agent was a conspecific, dogs’ gaze arrived to the target object reactively (i.e., upon or after touch). When the human agent performed unusual movements more closely related to the dogs’ motor possibilities (e.g., crawling instead of walking), dogs’ gaze arrival times were intermediate between the other two conditions. In a replication experiment, with slightly different stimuli, dogs’ looks to the target object were neither significantly predictive nor reactive, irrespective of the agent. However, when including looks at the target object that were not preceded by looks to the agents, on average dogs looked anticipatorily and sooner at the human agent’s action target than at the conspecific’s. Looking times and pupil size analyses suggest that the dogs’ attention was captured more by the dog agent. These results suggest that visual familiarity with the observed action and saliency of the agent had a stronger influence on the dogs’ looking behaviour than effector-specific movement representations in anticipating action targets.
Introduction to Finite-State Devices in Natural Language Processing

The theory of finite-state automata (FSA) is rich and finite-state automata techniques have been used in a wide range of domains, such as switching theory, pattern matching, pattern recognition, speech processing, hand writing recognition, optical character recognition, encryption algorithm, data compression, indexing and operating system analysis (Petri-net). In this chapter, we describe the basic notions of finite-state automata and finite-state transducers. We also describe the fundamental properties of these machines while illustrating their use. We give simple formal language examples as well as natural language examples. We also illustrate some of the main algorithms used with finite-state automata and transducers. Finite-State Devices for Natural Language Processing, Roche and Schabes (Editors), MIT Press This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright c ©Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 1996 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Classification of genotypes based on the VP1 gene of feline calicivirus and study of cross-protection between different genotypes

Feline calicivirus (FCV) causes upper respiratory tract diseases and even death in cats, thereby acting as a great threat to feline animals. Currently, FCV prevention is mainly achieved through vaccination, but the effectiveness of vaccination is limited. In this study, 105 FCV strain VP1 sequences with clear backgrounds were downloaded from the NCBI and subjected to a maximum likelihood method for systematic evolutionary analysis. Based on the genetic analysis results, FCV-positive sera were prepared using SPF mice and Chinese field cats as target animals, followed by a cross-neutralization assay conducted on the different genotype strains and in vivo challenge tests were carried out to further verify with the strain with best cross-protection effect. The results revealed that FCV was mainly divided into two genotypes: GI and GII. The GI genotype strains are prevalent worldwide, but all GII genotype strains were isolated from Asia, indicating a clear geographical feature. This may form resistance to FCV prevention in Asia. The in vitro neutralization assay conducted using murine serum demonstrated that the cross-protection effect varied among strains. A strain with broad-spectrum neutralization properties, DL39, was screened. This strain could produce neutralizing titers (10 × 23.08–10 × 20.25) against all strains used in this study. The antibody titers against the GI strains were 10 × 23.08–10 × 20.5 and those against the GII strains were 10 × 20.75–10 × 20.25. Preliminary evidence suggested that the antibody titer of the DL39 strain against GI was higher than that against GII. Subsequent cross-neutralization assays with cat serum prepared with the DL39 strain and each strain simultaneously yielded results similar to those described above. In vivo challenge tests revealed that the DL39 strain-immunized cats outperformed the positive controls in all measures. The results of several trials demonstrated that strain DL39 can potentially be used as a vaccine strain. The study attempted to combine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of FCV with the discovery of potential vaccines, which is crucial for developing highly effective FCV vaccines.
Mesh Deformation Based on Radial Basis Function Interpolation Applied to Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Problem

In order to take into account a modification of the geometry during an optimization process or due to a physical phenomenon, a deformation of the elements of the spatial discretization is preferable to conserve a conformal mesh and to apply the finite element (FE) method. To perform the displacement of nodes, an interpolation method can be investigated in this context. In this paper, the radial basis function (RBF) interpolation method is applied for low-frequency electromagnetic problems solved by the FE method. A 2-D magnetostatic example is considered to study the influence of the parameters of the RBF interpolation. To test the extension in 3-D, a nondestructive testing problem is treated, where the shape of the crack is modified by applying the proposed method.
RAY-TRACING OPTIONS TO MITIGATE THE NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE DELAY IN GPS

One of the most rigorous way of quantifying the neutral atmosphere radio propagation delay is with ray-tracing, i.e., supposing the signal to be a ray and tracing its path, from satellite to receiver.We demonstrate how one can find significant discrepancies in ray-traced neutral atmosphere delays, due to reasonable variations in the underlying models. We offer a three part contribution. The first part is the separation of the ray-tracing options into three orthogonal groups: atmospheric source, atmospheric structure, and ray-path model. The second contribution is the systematization of model alternatives within each group, namely, atmospheric sources made of climate models, radiosondes, and numerical weather models; the atmospheric structures called spherical concentric, spherical osculating, ellipsoidal, gradient, and 3d; and the ray-path models bent-3d, bent-2d, straight-line, and zenithal. The third part of this contribution is the experimental comparison of these different models, in which we quantified the resulting discrepancy in terms of delay. Our findings are as follows. (i) Regarding ray-path models, the bent-2d model, albeit not strictly valid in a 3d atmosphere, introduces only negligible errors, compared to the more rigorous bent-3d model (in a 15-km horizontal resolution atmospheric model). Regarding atmospheric structures, we found that (ii) the oblateness of the Earth cannot be neglected when it comes to predicting the neutral atmosphere delay, as demonstrated by the poor results of a spherical concentric atmosphere; (iii) the spherical osculating model is the only one exhibiting azimuthal symmetry; (iv) the oblateness of the Earth is adequately accounted for by a spherical osculating model, as demonstrated by the small discrepancy between a spherical osculating and a more rigorous ellipsoidal model; and (v) a gradient atmosphere helps in accounting for the main trend in azimuthal asymmetry exhibited by a 3d atmosphere, but there remains secondary directions of azimuthal asymmetry that only a full 3d atmosphere is able to capture.
A Psychoanalytic Approach to Internet Gaming Disorder

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is now an official diagnosis and significant public health challenges have been already identified regarding the provision of appropriate care to patients of all ages and the preparedness of mental health professionals to manage the disorder. Despite the existence of psychotherapeutic treatment modalities available for some time now, there is a paucity of any psychoanalytically driven treatments and the disorder is widely regarded and classified as being ‘behavioral’. This has profound implications for patients with long-standing character pathology and psychiatric comorbidities, who are underserved by the provision of health services that could efficiently address their issues. Methods: This study presents a psychoanalytic perspective on IGD, based on Kohut’s Self Psychology as applied in the treatment of other addictions. An outline of the theory, assessment and treatment modalities is presented with two case reports that illustrate its application. Results: The presentation outlines the challenges in treating IGD, expanding on the concept of guided imagery, resistance to treatment, selfobject transference and comorbidity with marijuana use and bipolar disorder. Conclusions: A psychoanalytically driven protocol can be effective in treating IGD, especially in cases with marked character pathology and low motive to engage in other treatment modalities.
Gentrification and the Origin and Destination of Movers: A Systematic Review

Gentrification is a process whereby neighbourhoods and their socio‐economic composition upgrade through residential moves and social mobility. Relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial aspect of gentrification‐induced residential moves. This systematic literature review focuses on the origin and destination of moves to and from gentrifying neighbourhoods, by gentrifiers (movers in) and displacees (movers out). It identifies where, when, and how such research has been conducted and highlights gaps in the literature. Our results suggest that the destination of displaced households has been studied extensively, while an understanding of the spatial origins of gentrifiers is lacking. The few studies dedicated to gentrifiers' origins mostly focus on intra‐urban environments, overlooking potential mobility dynamics from outside the city‐region. We highlight that capturing both origins and destinations of movers at different spatial scales is necessary to demonstrate how residential mobility creates interactions and demographic interdependencies between neighbourhoods and cities.
An Accessible Python based Author Identification Process

—Author identification also known as ‘author attribution’ and more recently ‘forensic linguistics’ involves identifying true authors of anonymous texts. The Federalist Papers are 85 documents written anonymously by a combination of Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in the late 1780’s supporting adoption of the American Constitution. All but 12 documents have confirmed authors based on lists provided before the author’s deaths. Mosteller and Wallace in 1963 provided evidence of authorship for the 12 disputed documents, however the analysis is not readily accessible to non-statisticians. In this paper we replicate the analysis but in a much more accessible way using modern text mining methods and Python. One surprising result is the usefulness of filler-words in identifying writing styles. The method described here can be applied to other authorship questions such as linking the Unabomber manifesto with Ted Kaczynski, identifying Shakespeare’s collaborators, etc. Although the question of authorship of the Federalist Papers has been studied before, what is new in this paper is we highlight a process and tools that can be easily used by Python programmers, and the methods do not rely on any knowledge of statistics or machine learning.
The role of digital financial inclusion in increasing fertility intentions: evidence from China

ABSTRACT Digital financial inclusion is essential for promoting regional development, but its impact on demographic change requires further investigation. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) between 2012 and 2017, this study provides empirical evidence on how the growth of digital financial inclusion affects fertility intentions in China. The results indicate that a one percent increase in the provincial-level digital financial inclusion index is associated with a 0.136% increase in fertility intentions. These findings hold across different components of digital financial inclusion and are robust to instrumental variable approaches. Moreover, the study shows that the expansion of digital financial inclusion has a more significant effect on households in low-income groups, central and western regions of China, and women with low educational attainment. These results underscore the importance of digital financial inclusion in addressing population declines worldwide.
The role of science fiction perception on innovator: integrating the theory of planned behavior and social support network theory

PurposeThis study aims to explore the influence of science fiction on innovators and present a comprehensive model using the theory of planned behavior and social support theory to discuss the impact of science fiction on the intention of becoming an innovation worker.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted in this study and responses were obtained from 244 Chinese innovators.FindingsThe results revealed the adequacy of the proposed model and the above-mentioned constructs in explaining innovation intention. Science fiction perception was found to influence the intention of becoming an innovation worker directly. Subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and attitude directly influence the intention of becoming an innovation worker. Additionally, attitude is a mediator between science fiction perception and the intention of becoming an innovation worker. Moreover, social support network moderates the relationship between attitude and intention.Originality/valueThese results shed light on the mechanism by which science fiction influence innovators as well as provide critical managerial implications for policymakers and practitioners.
Can legume seeds establish after land degradation by buffelgrass? Evidence to initiate restoration in Central Sonora, Mexico

Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) has been introduced in many localities of northwestern Mexico for cattle grazing. Recent studies have documented how the conversion of natural vegetation to buffelgrass pastures affects several ecological processes that result in high levels of desertification and the subsequent abandonment of lands. However, no previous study has documented successful restoration in these habitats. In this paper we report the results of several experiments focused on the restoration of these areas using native legume species of the region. We selected a degraded buffelgrass pasture considered unproductive by local ranchers in central Sonora. We carried out experiments to evaluate seed removal, seedling emergence, and seedling establishment of native legumes species (Prosopis glandulosa, Parkinsonia microphylla and P. praecox). Our results showed that P. microphylla had greater emergence (10%) than the other two species despite the high seed removal recorded. In addition, P. microphylla was the species with the highest survival (1.4%). Thus, our results show that ecological recovery using native species is possible in desertified buffelgrass pastures. Considering the ecological benefits of P. microphylla in the Sonoran Desert (i.e., nurse plant, positive associations, plant‐growth promoting), this species could be considered highly valuable in restoration procedures.
Diversity of Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in primary and secondary lowland rainforests in south-western Costa Rica Diversidad

: Orchid bees are a small group of Hymenoptera which occurs only in South and Central America. They play a very important role in the long - distance pollination of orchids from which they collect aromatic fragrances thought to play a role in territorial display and courtship. We present initial data of a collection of euglossine bees in the Piedras Blancas National Park in the south-west of Costa Rica during the dry season, in January 2007. The species diversity and abundance of two primary forest sites and one secondary forest habitat are compared. Male orchid bees were attracted with four different fragrances and collected for one hour at each site. A total of 23 species of the genera Euglossa , Eulaema and Exaerete were recorded, representing a third of all species known from Costa Rica, and all but one genus, Eufriesea . This genus is known to be strongly seasonal, flying only in the wet season. Species diversity and abundance were significantly higher in primary forest than in secondary forest, and all species found in the secondary forest were also recorded in the primary forest. These results suggest that secondary forests are only colonised by a subset of the orchid bee assemblage from primary forests, probably due to fewer resources in secondary forest and the inability of many euglossine bees to cross open grassland.
Revisiting PIMRS and Curriculum Instruction Management: Evaluation of Principalship in Banda Aceh

This research explored how the principals in Banda Aceh XYZ Schools manage the curriculum and instruction and its relatedness to Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) (Halinger, 1985). This research has 3 research questions and to answer them, a cross-sectional survey, adapted from PIMRS was used and administered to 186 teachers from local schools there. Research findings indicate that principals of Banda Aceh XYZ school played moderate roles (µ =3.78) in managing curriculum and instruction, and no statistical difference between male and female teachers’ perceptions of principals’ roles in managing curriculum and instruction. The results pointed to the importance of having workshops and policy discussions to improve teaching and parallel understanding of curriculum and instruction for teachers and administrators. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengupas bagaimana kepala sekolah di Sekolah-Sekolah XYZ di Banda Aceh mengatur kurikulum dan pengajaran serta keterkaitannya dengan Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) (Hallinger, 1985). Penelitian ini menjawab tiga pertanyaan penelitian dengan mengadaptasi PIMRS dalam survei terhadap 186 orang guru di sekolah lokal. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasikan bahwa kepala-kepala sekolah XYZ di Banda Aceh berperan moderat (sedang) (µ =3.78) dalam mengatur kurikulum dan pengajaran, dan tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antara pendapat guru laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hal peran kepala sekolah mengatur kurikulum dan pengajaran. Selain itu hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan pentingnya pelatihan dan pembahasan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan pengajaran dan pemahaman menyeluruh terhadap kurikulum dan pengajaran bagi guru dan admistrator sekolah.
Inception: Exposing New Attack Surfaces with Training in Transient Execution

To protect against transient control-ﬂow hijacks, software relies on a secure state of microarchitectural buffers that are involved in branching decisions. To achieve this secure state, hardware and software mitigations restrict or sanitize these microarchitectural buffers when switching the security context, e.g., when a user process enters the kernel. Unfortunately, we show that these mitigations do not prevent an attacker from manipulating the state of these microarchitectural buffers in many cases of interest. In particular, we present T raining in T ransient E xecution (TTE), a new class of transient execution attacks that enables an attacker to train a target microarchitectural buffer after switching to the victim context. To show the impact of TTE, we build an end-to-end exploit called I NCEPTION that creates an inﬁnite transient loop in hardware to train the return stack buffer with an attacker-controlled target in all existing AMD Zen microarchitectures. I NCEP - TION leaks arbitrary kernel memory at a rate of 39 bytes/s on AMD Zen 4 despite all mitigations against transient control-ﬂow hijacks, including the recent Automatic IBRS.
Transesophageal echocardiography–associated gastrointestinal injuries: systematic review and pooled rates of gastrointestinal injuries

Abstract Upper gastrointestinal (GI) injuries are associated with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) complications. We reviewed rates and various types of complications with GI injuries. A comprehensive literature search using five databases was conducted. Pooled rates were calculated for overall injuries, pooled GI complications, lacerations, and perforations with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 26 studies involving 55,319 patients met inclusion criteria. The overall rate of adverse events was 0.51% (95% CI 0.3% to 0.7%). Bleeding was the most commonly reported adverse event, followed by dysphagia and lacerations. The highest rate of adverse events was observed in liver transplant patients (1.35%), followed by critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (1.1%), hospitalized patients (1.1%), patients undergoing intraoperative TEE (0.7%), and those undergoing cardiac procedures (0.67%). The pooled complication rate for bleeding was 0.17% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.3%), while odynophagia/dysphagia had a rate of 0.27% (95% CI −0.1% to 0.5%) and lacerations had a rate of 0.12% (95% CI −0.1% to 0.5%). A subgroup analysis comparing variceal and nonvariceal cohorts from three studies showed no significant difference in bleeding rates. Our study findings showed a low risk of esophageal injury in patients undergoing TEE.