Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Degree Earns: The Impact of College Quality on College Completion Rates

We use a Massachusetts merit aid program to provide the first clear causal evidence on the impact of college quality on studentsâ€™ postsecondary enrollment decisions and rates of degree completion, where college quality is defined by a variety of measures including on-time graduation rates. High school students with test scores above multiple thresholds were granted tuition waivers at in-state public colleges of lower quality than the average alternative available to such students. A binding score regression discontinuity design comparing students just above and below these thresholds yields two main findings. First, students are remarkably willing to forego college quality for relatively small amounts of money. Second, choosing a lower quality college significantly lowers on-time completion rates, a result driven by highskilled students who would otherwise have attended higher quality colleges. For the marginal student, enrolling at an in-state public college lowered the probability of graduating on time by more than 40%. The low completion rates of scholarship users imply the program had little impact on the in-state production of college degrees. More broadly, these results suggest that the critically important task of improving college quality requires steps beyond merely changing the composition of the student body.
The Optimal Taxation of Unskilled Labour with Job Search and Social Assistance

In order to explore the optimal taxation of low-skilled labour, we extend the standard model of optimal non-linear income taxation in the presence of quasi-linear preferences in leisure by allowing for involuntary unemployment, job search, an exogenous welfare benefit, and a non-utilitarian social welfare function. In trading of more low-skilled employment against more work effort of higher skilled workers, the government balances distortions on the search margin with those on work effort. Positive marginal tax rates at the bottom may help to encourage job search if this search is taxed on a net basis. Lower welfare benefits and search costs tend to reduce marginal tax rates throughout the skill distribution.
Effect of Land Leveling and Water Applied Methods on Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown under Clay Soil Conditions

Field experiments were conducted at the farm of El-Karada Agricultural Research Station, Kafer El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two successive summer seasons 2012 and 2013. The experiment was arranged in strip-plot design with four replicates. The main-plot represented land leveling methods (slope of zero% = 0 cm/ 100 m length (L ) & 10 cm/100m length (L )). While, the sup-plot treatments represented water 12 applied methods, e.g. (Continuous flow irrigation (I ) - Alternative furrows irrigation (I ) and surge irrigation 12
CAMERA TRAPPING THE INDOCHINESE TIGER, PANTHERA TIGRIS CORBETTI, IN A SECONDARY FOREST IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Indochinese tigers (Panthera tigris corbetti) are the main mammalian predator in most Asian tropical rainforest ecosystems. However little is known about the distribution of this large carnivore in Peninsular Malaysia. In order to understand tiger-human conflict, we conducted a study to describe the relative abundance of tigers in Jerangau Forest Reserve, Ulu Terengganu, Malaysia, between February 2000 and October 2000. A total of ten individuals, including three cubs, were recorded. The use of camera traps provides detailed information on the abundance, ecology and habits of this cryptic and secretive mammal. The most frequently photographed tiger was an adult male (M1) followed by an adult female (F1) which comprised 66% and 12% of the total tiger individual photographs, respectively. The monthly individual accumulation curve did not show any signs of leveling out, suggesting that additional effort may reveal the presence of other individuals even if the camera sites were maintained. The same individuals were recorded both in isolated and continuous forest suggesting that tigers disperse through degraded forest habitat. As this study concentrated on assessing relative abundance of tigers, additional research will be necessary to understand the population dynamics for conservation of this felid species in secondary forest habitat.
The androgen receptor gene mutations database (ARDB): 2004 update

The current version of the androgen receptor (AR) gene mutations database is described. The total number of reported mutations has risen from 374 to 605, and the number of AR‐interacting proteins described has increased from 23 to 70, both over the past 3 years. A 3D model of the AR ligand‐binding domain (AR LBD) has been added to give a better understanding of gene structure–function relationships. In addition, silent mutations have now been reported in both androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and prostate cancer (CaP) cases. The database also now incorporates information on the exon 1 CAG repeat expansion disease, spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), as well as CAG repeat length variations associated with risk for female breast, uterine endometrial, colorectal, and prostate cancer, as well as for male infertility. The possible implications of somatic mutations, as opposed to germline mutations, in the development of future locus‐specific mutation databases (LSDBs) is discussed. The database is available on the Internet (http://www.mcgill.ca/androgendb/). Hum Mutat 23:527–533, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding a peroxisomal integral membrane protein essential for peroxisome biogenesis

Saccharomyces cerevisiae pas3-mutants are described which conform the pas-phenotype recently reported for the peroxisomal assembly mutants pasl-1 and pas2 (Erdmann, R., M . Veenhuis, D. Mertens, and W-H Kunau . 1989. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:5419-5423) . The isolation of pas3-mutants enabled us to clone the PAS3 gene by functional complementation. DNA sequence analysis revealed a 50.6-kD protein with at least one domain of sufficient length and hydrophobicity to span a lipid bilayer. To verify these predictions antibodies were raised against a truncated N
Attention-deficit disorders and comorbidities in children, adolescents, and adults

ADHD With Comorbidities. Emerging understandings of ADDs and comorbidities. Genetics of ADHD. ADHD with mood disorders. ADHD with anxiety disorders. ADDs with oppositionality and aggression. ADDs with obsessive-compulsive disorder. ADDs with learning disorders in children and adolescents. Learning disabilities and ADHD in adults: overlap with executive dysfunction. ADHD with substance use disorders. ADDs with sleep/arousal disturbances. ADHD with Tourette syndrome. ADHD and developmental coordination disorder. ADHD and the preschool child. Subgroups of adult outcome of ADHD. Assessment and Interventions for ADDs. Assessment of ADHD. Pharmacotherapy of ADHD. Psychosocial interventions for ADDs and comorbid conditions. Cognitive therapy for adults with ADHD. Educational interventions for students with ADDs. Tailoring treatments for individuals with ADHD: clinical and research perspectives. Index.
Irregular Structured LDPC Codes

Abstract In this document, we describe a structured approach to irregular LDPC code construction based on “seed” matrices that are expanded using permutation matrices for purposes of error correction control. These codes have small storage requirements with good block error rate performances over a wide range block sizes. Also described in this document is a structured approach to puncturing irregular LDPC codes facilitate rate-compatibility without having to modify the connective net in the encoder or decoder while still offering a wide range of code rates for link optimization.
pti al Solution of inodyna ic otion lanning for the art-ole Syste

The aim of this work is motion planning for a class of underactuated mechanical systems. To illustrate the theory, we introduce and investigate, from a geometric and numerical point of view, the solution of kinodynamic planning for the cart–pole. More precisely, given an initial condition for the configuration of the cart–pole, we want to plan an optimal trajectory making the inverted pendulum on the cart to avoid an obstacle during its motion, and to attain a prescribed final configuration.
ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between bacteria and methanogenic archaea appears to be an important syntrophy in both natural and engineered methanogenic environments. However, the electrical connections on the outer surface of methanogens and the subsequent processing of electrons for carbon dioxide reduction to methane are poorly understood. Here, we report that the genetically tractable methanogen Methanosarcina acetivorans can grow via DIET in coculture with Geobacter metallireducens serving as the electron-donating partner. Comparison of gene expression patterns in M. acetivorans grown in coculture versus pure-culture growth on acetate revealed that transcripts for the outer-surface multi-heme c-type cytochrome MmcA were higher during DIET-based growth. Deletion of mmcA inhibited DIET. The high aromatic amino acid content of M. acetivorans arch-aellins suggests that they might assemble into electrically conductive archaella. A mutant that could not express archaella was de ﬁ cient in DIET. However, this mutant grew in DIET-based coculture as well as the archaellum-expressing parental strain in the presence of granular activated carbon, which was previously shown to serve as a substitute for electrically conductive pili as a conduit for long-range interspecies electron transfer in other DIET-based cocultures. Transcriptomic data suggesting that the membrane-bound Rnf, Fpo, and HdrED complexes also play a role in DIET were incorporated into a charge-balanced model illustrating how electrons entering the cell through MmcA can yield energy to support growth from carbon dioxide reduction. The results are the ﬁ rst genetics-based functional demonstration of likely outer-surface electrical contacts for DIET in a methanogen. IMPORTANCE The conversion of organic matter to methane plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and is an effective strategy for converting wastes to a useful biofuel. The reduction of carbon dioxide to methane accounts for approximately a third of the methane produced in anaerobic soils and sediments as well as waste digesters. Potential electron donors for carbon dioxide reduction are H 2 or electrons derived from direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between bacteria and methanogens. Elucidating the relative importance of these electron donors has been dif ﬁ cult due to a lack of information on the electrical connections on the outer surfaces of methanogens and how they process the electrons received from DIET. Transcriptomic patterns and gene deletion phenotypes reported here provide insight into how a group of Methanosarcina organisms that play an important role in methane production in soils and sediments participate in DIET.
Thermal History of Lower Paleozoic Rocks on the Peri-Tornquist Margin of the East European Craton (Podolia, Ukraine) Inferred from Combined XRD, K-Ar, and AFT Data

The Upper Silurian–Lower Devonian section of the Dniester gorge in Podolia and samples from boreholes located S and N of this area were studied in order to reconstruct the thermal history of Lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Dniester segment of the Peri-Tornquist margin of the East European Craton which is the most eastern part of a major shale-gas target in Europe. X-ray diffraction data for illite-smectite from shales and carbonates indicate very advanced diagenesis and maximum paleotemperatures of ~200ºC, higher than interpreted from the ‘conodont alteration index’ (CAI) data. Diagenesis of the Devonian section is slightly less advanced than that of the underlying Silurian section, indicating that it is a regional feature and the result of burial. The regional distribution of the diagenetic grade based on illite matches well with the pattern established from the CAI data. K-Ar dating of illite-smectite from Silurian bentonites and shales gave a consistent set of dates ranging from 390 to 312 Ma. To explain such advanced levels of diagenesis and such K-Ar dates, the extension of the Carboniferous foreland basin (which today is only preserved to the NW of L’viv) toward the SE on the craton margin has to be assumed. The diagenetic zonation pattern of the Carboniferous coals supports this hypothesis. The Carboniferous cover may have been either sedimentary or partially tectonic (Variscan intracratonic duplexes) in origin and the thickness, necessary for the observed level of diagenesis, may have been reduced by an elevated heat flow along the major tectonic zone at the edge of the craton (TESZ). The presence of such cover is confirmed by completely reset Cretaceous apatite fission track (AFT) ages of the Silurian bentonites. The AFT dates also imply a Tertiary heating event in the area.The 10 Å clay mineral present in the dolomitic part of the profile (Silurian), both in bentonites and in other rocks, is aluminoceladonite or intermediate between illite and aluminoceladonite, while in the Devonian shale section only illite was documented. Chlorite is also common in the studied rocks and is at least partially authigenic. It is non-expandable in the samples from boreholes, while often expandable to variable extents in the samples from outcrops, which also contain goethite. Such variation in chlorite is attributed to contemporary weathering.
H2-M3-Restricted CD8 H2-M3-Restricted CD8 ++ T Cells are not Required for MHC Class Ib-T Cells are not Required for MHC Class Ib-Restricted Immunity Against Restricted Immunity Against Listeria monocytogenes

Studies using major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-Ia–defi cient mice have shown that MHC-Ib–restricted CD8 + T cells can clear infections caused by intracellular pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes . M3-restricted CD8 + T cells, which recognize short hydrophobic N-formylated peptides, appear to comprise a substantial portion of the MHC-Ib–restricted T cell response in the mouse model of L. monocytogenes infection. In this study, we isolated formyltransferase (fmt) mutant strains of L. monocytogenes that lacked the ability to add formyl groups to nascent polypeptides. These fmt mutant Listeria strains did not produce antigens that could be recognized by M3-restricted T cells. We showed that immunization of MHC-Ia–defi cient mice with fmt mutant Listeria resulted in stimulation of a protective memory response that cleared subsequent challenge with wild-type L. monocytogenes, despite the fact that M3-restricted CD8 + T cells did not proliferate in these mice. These data suggest that M3-restricted T cells are not required for protection against L. monocytogenes and underscore the importance of searching for new antigen-presenting molecules among the large MHC-Ib family of proteins
Heterogeneidade nos níveis de actividade física de crianças dos 6 aos 12 anos de idade. Um estudo em gémeos.

Heterogeneity in Physical Activity Levels in Children Aged 6 to 12 Years Old. A Twin Study This study aims at the identification of the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects in the heterogeneity of physical activity of chil- dren (aged 6 to 12 years). Based on a sample of 101 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, the magnitudes of genetic and environmental fac- tors were estimated. The Godin & Shephard questionnaire (11) was used and the effects of such covariates as gender and age were removed from all calculations. We used habitual procedures in twin data analy- sis, such as intraclass correlations (t) and heritability estimates (h 2
The Sub-Grid-Scale Approach for Modelling Impingement Cooling Flow in the Combustor Pedestal Tile

The widely used gas turbine combustor double-walled cooling scheme relies on very small pedestals. In a combustor it is impractical for CFD to resolve each pedestal individually as that would require a very large amount of grid points and consequent excessive computation time. These pedestals can be omitted from the mesh and their effects captured on the ﬂuid via a pedestal sub-grid scale (SGS) model. The aim is to apply the SGS approach, which takes into account the effects on pressure, velocity, turbulence and heat transfer, in an unstructured CFD code. The ﬂow inside a 2-D plain duct is simulated to validate the pedestal SGS model and the results for pressure, velocity and heat transfer are in good agreement with the measured data. The conjugate heat transfer inside a 3-D duct is also studied to calibrate the heat source term of the SGS model due to the pedestals. The resolved ﬂow in the combustor pedestal tile geometry is numerically investigated using RANS and LES in order to ﬁrst assess the viability of the RANS and LES to predict the impinging ﬂow and second to provide more validation data for the development of the SGS pedestal correlations. It is found that the complexity of such a ﬂow, with high levels of curvature, impingement and heat transfer, poses a challenge to the standard RANS models. The LES provides more details of the impinging ﬂow features. The pedestal model is then applied to the complete tile to replace the pedestals. The results are close to both the fully resolved CFD and the measurements. To improve the ﬂow features in the impingement zone the ﬁrst two
Extensive Aerosol Optical Properties and Aerosol Extensive Aerosol Optical Properties and Aerosol Mass Related Measurements During TRAMP/ Mass Related Measurements During TRAMP/ TexAQS 2006 – Implications for PM Compliance and TexAQS 2006 – Implications for PM Compliance and Planning Planning

Extensive aerosol optical properties, particle size distributions, and Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer measurements collected during TRAMP/TexAQS 2006 were examined in light of collocated meteorological and chemical measurements. Much of the evident variability in the observed aerosol-related air quality is due to changing synoptic meteorological situations that direct emissions from various sources to the TRAMP site near the center of the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) metropolitan area. In this study, ﬁve distinct long-term periods have been identiﬁed. During each of these periods, observed aerosol properties have implications that are of interest to environmental quality management agencies. During three of the periods, long range transport (LRT), both intra-continental and intercon-tinental, appears to have played an important role in producing the observed aerosol. During late August 2006, southerly winds brought super-micron Saharan dust and sea salt to the HGB area, adding mass to ﬁne particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) measurements, but apparently not affecting secondary particle growth or gas-phase air pollution. A second type of LRT was associated with northerly winds in early September 2006 and with increased ozone and sub-micron particulate matter in the HGB area. Later in the study, LRT of emissions from wildﬁres appeared to increase the abundance of absorbing aerosols (and carbon monoxide and other chemical tracers) in the HGB area. However, the greatest impacts on Houston PM 2.5 air quality are caused by periods with low-wind-speed sea breeze circulation or winds that directly transport pollutants from major industrial areas, i.e. , the Houston Ship Channel, into the city center. (cid:2) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
University of Birmingham cAMP signaling microdomains and their observation by optical methods

The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a major intracellular mediator of many hormones and neurotransmitters and regulates a myriad of cell functions, including synaptic plasticity in neurons. Whereas cAMP can freely diffuse in the cytosol, a growing body of evidence suggests the formation of cAMP gradients and microdomains near the sites of cAMP production, where cAMP signals remain apparently conﬁned. The mechanisms responsible for the formation of such microdomains are subject of intensive investigation. The development of optical methods based on ﬂuorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which allow a direct observation of cAMP signaling with high temporal and spatial resolution, is playing a fundamental role in elucidating the nature of such microdomains. Here, we will review the optical methods used for monitoring cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in living cells, providing some examples of their application in neurons, and will discuss the major hypotheses on the formation of cAMP/PKA microdomains.
Perceived Beneﬁts and Challenges of an Oncology Nurse Support Group

This study explores the perceived beneﬁts and barriers of participating in a monthly oncology nurse support group. Ten oncology nurses participated in an average of seven support group meetings over a one-year period. Interviews were conducted, transcribed, analyzed, and the-matized using qualitative descriptive methods. Clear beneﬁts for oncology nurses are indicated; participants described a reduction in end-of-life care stress, an increase in self-care, and improved patient and team care. Barriers include scheduling and compensation, as well as group leadership labors. This study provides further conﬁrmation that oncology nurses receive multiple beneﬁts from the support group structure. Peer support groups for oncology nurses seem a promising and economical communication intervention for mitigating burnout, professional dissatisfaction, patient care distress, and interprofessional communication deﬁcits.
Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromium and zinc dietary supplements in an organic form on some productive performance and physiological responses in growing Zaraibi goats. Twenty eight male Zaraibi goats (4 months old, 15.72 ±1.40 kg BW) were allocated randomly into four treatment groups (7 animals in each). The first group (T1) was given a control diet without supplements. The control diet contained 3 mg/kg from organic chromium (Cr) was given to the second treatment group (T2). The third group (T3) received the control diet containing 40 mg/kg of organic zinc (Zn), whereas the fourth treatment group (T4) was fed on the control diet containing 3 mg Cr + 40 mg Zn/kg. The experimental period was 90 days included a 10-day digestibility trails. Results showed that, animals in groups T2, T3, and T4 had higher values for daily dry matter intake (DMI), final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), and total gain (TG) as compared to the control group (T1). Organic Cr and Zn supplementations improved feed efficiency and feed conversion ratio. The digestibility coefficients and feeding values of the treated groups were improved than those of the control group. The serum total antioxidant capacity, were significantly higher in groups fed Cr or Zn-diets than in the control group. Thus, administration of Cr and Zn in organic form has a significant impact on Zaraibi goats growth and digestion, as well as improved antioxidant and biochemical parameters.