Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Trial of Stepwise Implementation of Virtual Reality Mindfulness and Accelerated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatments for Dysphoria in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Dysphoria is a transdiagnostic symptom that causes considerable suffering. Implementation of established self-care and clinical treatment options, such as mindfulness and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), is typically disjointed for conditions involving dysphoria. There is a need for a rapid progression of accessible treatments that can be efficacious across multiple comorbidities. In a pilot stepwise implementation study to assess feasibility and effectiveness, adult participants with dysphoria (depression, anxiety, PTSD, and/or chronic pain) went through a treatment course of VR mindfulness, then accelerated TMS (accel-TMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (left dlPFC), then accel-TMS over the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Participants who did not benefit from one treatment phase progressed to the next until remission or study completion. Twenty-four participants were enrolled with 23 in VR mindfulness (phase 1), 19 in accel-TMS left dlPFC (phase 2A), and 13 in accel-TMS dmPFC (phase 2B). For our primary outcome measure of the short form-36 emotional well-being subscale (paired t -test), no significant change was found in phase 1 ( n = 19 , p = .226 ), significant improvement was found in phase 2A ( n = 19 , p = .038 ), and no significant change was found in the smaller sample of phase 2B ( n = 12 , p = .089 ). Symptom improvement was largely supported by clinician-administered scales, with more significant changes found in accel-TMS left dlPFC and dmPFC. The benefits of VR mindfulness were limited; however, both accel-TMS phases showed a significant impact on secondary measures of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. This stepwise protocol shows promise in providing an approach to rapidly improve symptoms of dysphoria in transdiagnostic populations. This trial is registered with NCT05061745.
Prolonged use of temozolomide leads to increased anxiety and decreased content of aggrecan and chondroitin sulfate in brain tissues of aged rats

Chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is an essential part of anticancer therapy used for malignant tumors (mainly melanoma and glioblastoma); however, the long-term effects on patient health and life quality are not fully investigated. Considering that tumors often occur in elderly patients, the present study was conducted on long-term (4 months) treatment of adult Wistar rats (9 months old, n=40) with TMZ and/or dexamethasone (DXM) to investigate potential behavioral impairments or morphological and molecular changes in their brain tissues. According to the elevated plus maze test, long-term use of TMZ affected the anxiety of the adult Wistar rats, although no significant deterioration of brain morphology or cellular composition of the brain tissue was revealed. The expression levels of all studied heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (HSPGs) (syndecan-1, syndecan-3, glypican-1 and HSPG2) and the majority of the studied chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans (CSPGs) (decorin, biglycan, lumican, brevican, neurocan aggrecan, versican, Cspg4/Ng2, Cspg5 and phosphacan) were not affected by TMZ/DXM, except for neurocan and aggrecan. Aggrecan was the most sensitive proteoglycan to TMZ/DXM treatment demonstrating downregulation of its mRNA and protein levels following TMZ (-10-fold), DXM (-45-fold) and TMZ-DXM (-80-fold) treatment. HS content was not affected by TMZ/DXM treatment, whereas CS content was decreased 1.5-2.5-fold in the TMZ- and DXM-treated brain tissues. Taken together, the results demonstrated that treatment of adult Wistar rats with TMZ had long-term effects on the brain tissues, such as decreased aggrecan core protein levels and CS chain content and increased anxiety of the experimental animals.
Thousands of data at a glance: shaded contour maps of demographic surfaces.

Contour maps are useful for displaying demographic surfaces, including surfaces of population levels and fertility, marriage, and mortality rates. Most often the surfaces are defined over age and time, but other dimensions can be used such as life expectancy or population growth rate. This research report presents a bouquet of contour maps to suggest the broad potential of their use in demographic studies. The maps presented range from maps of Italian mortality, French population levels, and US birth rates, to maps of Coale and Demeny's and Brass's model life tables. The value of the maps lies in their substantive import: by giving demographers visual access to population surfaces, the maps can help demographers uncover and understand population patterns. The text of the research report adumbrates some of these patterns and discusses the use of contour maps in exploratory data analyses and model building, including the use of maps of residuals in fitting models to data.
Evaluation and hydrological application of precipitation estimates derived from PERSIANN‐CDR, TRMM 3B42V7, and NCEP‐CFSR over humid regions in China

Satellite‐based and reanalysis quantitative precipitation estimates are attractive for hydrologic prediction or forecasting and reliable water resources management, especially for ungauged regions. This study evaluates three widely used global high‐resolution precipitation products [Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks‐Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 Version 7 (TRMM 3B42V7), and National Centers for Environment Prediction‐Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP‐CFSR)] against gauge observations with seven statistical indices over two humid regions in China. Furthermore, the study investigates whether the three precipitation products can be reliably utilized as inputs in Soil and Water Assessment Tool, a semi‐distributed hydrological model, to simulate streamflows. Results show that the precipitation estimates derived from TRMM 3B42V7 outperform the other two products with the smallest errors and bias, and highest correlation at monthly scale, which is followed by PERSIANN‐CDR and NCEP‐CFSR in this rank. However, the superiority of TRMM 3B42V7 in errors, bias, and correlations is not warranted at daily scale. PERSIANN‐CDR and 3B42V7 present encouraging potential for streamflow prediction at daily and monthly scale respectively over the two humid regions, whilst the performance of NCEP‐CFSR for hydrological applications varies from basin to basin. Simulations forced with 3B42V7 are the best among the three precipitation products in capturing daily measured streamflows, whilst PERSIANN‐CDR‐driven simulations underestimate high streamflows and high streamflow simulations driven by NCEP‐CFSR mostly are overestimated significantly. In terms of extreme events analysis, PERSIANN‐CDR often underestimates the extreme precipitation, so do extreme streamflow simulations forced with it. NCEP‐CFSR performs just the reverse, compared with PERSIANN‐CDR. The performance pattern of TRMM 3B42V7 on extremes is not certain, with coexisting underestimation and overestimation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The diversity of flora at the Late Pliocene era in the Cisubuh Formation based on palynological data

Palynological evidence on past time gives features on plant diversity. The objective of this research was to determine the flora diversity in the past based on the palynological evidence in the form of pollen and spores (palynomorphs) that stored in sediments in the Cisubuh Formation. This research consisted of two stages, field sampling, and laboratory observation. A total of 16 samples on Cisubuh Formation on Rengasdengklok area, West Java Indonesia have been identified for their fossil content. Sixty-seven palynomorphs have been identified, comprised of 53 pollen taxa and 14 type of spores. Of the 67 palynomorph taxa, 40 were arboreal pollen, 12 were non-arboreal pollen, and 15 were Pteridophytes. The geological age of Cisubuh Formation was Late Pliocene, as indicated by Dacrycarpidites australiensis and without the presence of Stenochlaenidites papuanus. Based on the palynological evidence, the flora diversity in each layer sediment of the Cisubuh Formation showed high similarity (87%).
Estimation of the Degradation of Epoxy Resin due to Void Discharge using Weighted SVM and Partial Discharge Characteristics

The performance and reliability of power apparatus are affected by the degradation of electrical insulation, often caused by voids in resin‐molded components. To address this issue, we investigated the use of machine learning to estimate the degree of degradation due to void discharges in epoxy resin. We prepared samples with artificial void defects and collected partial discharge data up to the dielectric breakdown, applying long‐term AC voltage. Utilizing this data, a machine learning model was developed to estimate degradation levels. The results showed that the accuracy was 55% and the false estimation rate which underestimates the degradation level was as high as 31%, which was a significant problem for practical use. Therefore, for regions of data that were difficult to classify, we constructed a weighted SVM model that predicted higher levels of degradation by weighting the data according to their degradation labels. With this approach, the accuracy remained at 57%, but the rate of underestimation of the degree of degradation was reduced to only 4%. Consequently, we were able to develop an effective estimation model that is practical for the maintenance of power apparatus. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Shear-Wave Velocity Survey of Seismographic Sites in Eastern Canada: Calibration of Empirical Regression Method of Estimating Site Response

Reliable information concerning the predominant site effects on ground motions can be obtained from low-cost shear-wave refraction surveys using a sledgehammer as an energy source. For the south and southeast Ontario region, the velocity structure can be determined to a depth of approximately 70 m. Near-surface shear-wave velocities of hard-rock sites range from 1.7 to 3.1 km/sec, with an average value of approximately 2.6 km/sec. Typical soil sites have shear-wave velocities of 250–700 m/sec near the surface. Empirical methods of determining the relative values of frequency-dependent amplification are commonly employed. These methods fit the observed earthquake spectra with a regression model that decomposes the recorded spectrum into source, path, and site terms. By regression analysis of large amounts of recorded data, the average site term for a particular station can be determined. We calibrated such an empirical technique against the theoretical responses based on the velocity structure obtained from a detailed field survey. The empirical-regression approach and the theoretical-response approach provide reasonably consistent estimates of amplification at hard-rock sites. We conclude that the amplification for an average hard-rock site is about a factor of 1.3. At soil sites, empirical-analysis and theoretical-response results agree as to the frequency of the fundamental resonance peaks. The maximum theoretical amplification values generally exceed those indicated from the empirical analyses; theoretical amplifications by as much as factors of 6 and 7 were calculated, while empirical amplifications were below a factor of 3. Thus use of theoretical site responses may be conservative.
Depth Quality Improvement with a 607 MHz Time-Compressive Computational Pseudo-dToF CMOS Image Sensor

In this paper, we present a prototype pseudo-direct time-of-flight (ToF) CMOS image sensor, achieving high distance accuracy, precision, and robustness to multipath interference. An indirect ToF (iToF)-based image sensor, which enables high spatial resolution, is used to acquire temporal compressed signals in the charge domain. Whole received light waveforms, like those acquired with conventional direct ToF (dToF) image sensors, can be obtained after image reconstruction based on compressive sensing. Therefore, this method has the advantages of both dToF and iToF depth image sensors, such as high resolution, high accuracy, immunity to multipath interference, and the absence of motion artifacts. Additionally, two approaches to refine the depth resolution are explained: (1) the introduction of a sub-time window; and (2) oversampling in image reconstruction and quadratic fitting in the depth calculation. Experimental results show the separation of two reflections 40 cm apart under multipath interference conditions and a significant improvement in distance precision down to around 1 cm. Point cloud map videos demonstrate the improvements in depth resolution and accuracy. These results suggest that the proposed method could be a promising approach for virtually implementing dToF imaging suitable for challenging environments with multipath interference.
Radiocarbon and the Old World Archaeology: Shaping a Chronological Framework

The inception of the radiocarbon dating method in 1949 was immediately supported by many archaeologists. In the following 2 decades, many important archaeological sites in the Old World were dated, marking the beginning of building a reliable chronological framework for prehistoric and early historic cultural complexes worldwide. The author presents an observation of some of the most important results in establishing a chronology for Old World archaeology, based on 14C dating performed in the last 50 yr. An extensive bibliography should help scholars to get acquainted with early summaries on archaeological chronologies based on 14C data and their evaluation, as well as with some recent examples of the application of 14C dating in Old World archaeology.
Fusion Neural Network for Gas Concentration Prediction in Mixed Gas Environments

Due to the inherent complexity and nonlinearity of mixed gas data, existing pattern recognition algorithms utilized in electronic noses often encounter difficulties in accurately predicting gas concentrations. Addressing this issue, we propose a fusion neural network that merges Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), which we denote as the LSTM-TCN fusion model. The LSTM module effectively captures long-term dependencies in time-series data, while the TCN targets local correlations, thereby enhancing the prediction accuracy for complex gas concentrations. Experimental validation was conducted using a mixed gas dataset comprising ethylene and carbon monoxide. When compared with traditional models, including LSTM, TCN, and GRU, the proposed LSTM-TCN model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an R2 value as high as 0.9922. This research holds considerable practical significance and shows promising application prospects, contributing novel insights and methods to the study and application of electronic nose technology.
Catchment area‐based evaluation of the AMC‐dependent SCS‐CN‐based rainfall–runoff models

Using a large set of rainfall–runoff data from 234 watersheds in the USA, a catchment area‐based evaluation of the modified version of the Mishra and Singh (2002a) model was performed. The model is based on the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS‐CN) methodology and incorporates the antecedent moisture in computation of direct surface runoff. Comparison with the existing SCS‐CN method showed that the modified version performed better than did the existing one on the data of all seven area‐based groups of watersheds ranging from 0·01 to 310·3 km2. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porous-Wall Titania Nanotube Array Layers: Preparation and Photocatalytic Response

Electrochemical anodization is already a well-established process, owing to its multiple benefits for creating high-grade titanium dioxide nanotubes with suitable characteristics and tunable shapes. Nevertheless, more research is necessary to fully comprehend the basic phenomena at the anode-electrolyte interface during anodization. In a recent paper, we proposed the use of sawtooth-shaped voltage pulses for Ti anodization, which controls the pivoting point of the balance between the two processes that compete to create nanotubes during a self-organization process: oxide etching and oxidation. Under these conditions, pulsed anodization clearly reveals the history of nanotube growth as recorded in the nanotube morphology. We show that by selecting the suitable electrolyte and electrical discharge settings, a nanoporous structure may be generated as a repeating pattern along the nanotube wall axis. We report the findings in terms of nanotube morphology, crystallinity, surface chemistry, photocatalytic activity, and surface hydrophilicity as they relate to the electrical parameters of electrochemical anodization. Aside from their fundamental relevance, our findings could lead to the development of a novel form of TiO2 nanotube array layer.
Chromatographic Methods Developed for the Quantification of Quercetin Extracted from Natural Sources: Systematic Review of Published Studies from 2018 to 2022

Quercetin (QUE) is the most widely used flavonoid for therapeutic purposes. To improve the available knowledge about the properties of some natural products, determining the amount of QUE is crucial. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify the analytical methods validated for detecting and quantifying QUE in different matrices and characterize their sensitivity. A search was conducted until 30 June 2023 in the PubMed database for experimental studies that addressed the validation of chromatographic analytical methods to detect and quantify QUE from consumable natural products. Only studies published between 2018 and 2022, written in English, were included. The risk of bias was assessed by emphasizing methods of comparison according to previously published studies. Descriptive statistics were used to depict the obtained results. The studies were analyzed based on the type of QUE source, chromatographic method, and validation parameters. A total of 17 studies were included in this review. Plants were the most commonly analyzed source of QUE. Among the detection methods, spectrophotometry proved to be the most widely used, surpassing mass spectrometry (MS). After analyzing the bias, all the included studies mentioned/presented, totally or partially, at least four of the eight parameters.
Highly Accurate Simulation Of The Surface Wind Over Ise Bay

Using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University / National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) mesoscale model (MM5), we simulate the surface wind field over Ise Bay, which is located in the central part of Japan and faces the Pacific. The simulation is performed for the whole month of March, 2001, and its accuracy is validated with observations at a marine tower station located in the bay. As a result, we found that MM5 can reproduce the surface wind field over the bay with a high degree of accuracy. The bias and the root mean squared emor of the simulated wind speed are -0.5 m/s and 1.9 m/s, respectively. Limited to winds of more than 5 m/s, the root mean squared error in wind direction is 29.3°. We also found that the surface winds simulated by MM5 are more accurate than those obtained by other conventional methods based on observations of wind and pressure at onshore stations.
Reanalysis of the Hamburg Storm Surge of 1962

In February 1962, Hamburg experienced its most catastrophic storm surge event of the 20th century. This paper analyses the event using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) dataset. Responsible for the major flood was a strong low pressure system centred over Scandinavia that was associated with strong north-westerly winds towards the German North Sea coast – the ideal storm surge situation for the Elbe estuary. A comparison of the 20CR dataset with observational data proves the applicability of the reanalysis data for this extreme event.
Unveiling the LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Arsenic-Induced Nerve Injury in Rats through High-Throughput Sequencing

Arsenic is a natural toxin which is widely distributed in the environment, incurring diverse toxicities and health problems. Previous studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are also reported to contribute to As-induced adverse effects. LncRNAs are involved in the development of nerve injury, generally acting as sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to investigate the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks associated with arsenic-induced nerve damage. A total of 40 male Wistar rats were exposed to different doses of arsenic for 12 weeks, and samples were collected for pathological observation and high-throughput sequencing. The ceRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape, and key genes were identified through the PPI network and CytoHubba methods. A real-time quantitative PCR assay was performed to validate gene expression levels. The results showed that subchronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water resulted in pathological and ultrastructural damage to the hippocampal tissue, including changes in neuron morphology, mitochondria, and synapses. Exposure to arsenic results in the dysregulation of LncRNA and mRNA expression in the hippocampal tissues of rats. These molecules participated in multiple ceRNA axes and formed a network of ceRNAs associated with nerve injury. This study also verified key molecules within the ceRNA network and provided preliminary evidence implicating the ENRNOT-00000022622-miR-206-3p-Bdnf axis in the mechanism of neural damage induced by arsenic in rats. These findings provide novel insights into the underlying mechanism of nervous system damage induced by arsenic exposure.
The Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake of October 28, 1983—Surface Faulting and Other Phenomena

The Borah Peak Earthquake of October 28, 1983 occurred near MacKay, Idaho with about 42 km (26 mi) of complex normal-oblique-slip faulting on the Lost River fault. Associated with the surface faulting was strong ground shaking and dramatic cold-water geysers and hydrologic changes related to regional ground subsidence. Faulting occurred on pre-existing Quaternary-Holocene scarps as both single and en echelon traces with net vertical displacement of 2 to 3 m (6.6 to 9.8 ft) and up to 1 m (3 ft) of left lateral displacement. Although no earthquakes prior to 1983 are known to have been associated with this fault, there is abundant geomorphic evidence of late Quaternary activity. Other normal-slip faults in the basin and range of Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Nevada show similar geomorphic evidence of activity.
Mandibular Advancement Appliances in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Umbrella Review

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is defined as intermittent partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. It is a common condition in childhood, with an incidence ranging from 1.2% to 5.7%, and it can harm several aspects of children's life, such as cognitive, metabolic and cardiovascular functions, among others. There are treatment options, such as adenotonsillectomy, myofunctional therapy, mandibular advancement appliances (MAAs), rapid maxillary expansion, and positive airway pressure devices, but there is still doubt about which method is more suitable for the treatment of OSA in children. Objective To analyze the effectiveness of MAAs in the treatment of pediatric OSA. Materials and Methods The search was conducted in August 2021 in different electronic databases, such as PubMed, EBSCO (Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source), LILACS, Ovid, SciELO, Web of Science, EMBASE BIREME, BBO BIREME, and the Cochrane Library. Results Only three systematic reviews and two meta-analyses were included in the present study. All studies showed improvement in the score on the apnea-hypopnea index after using MAAs in the treatment of pediatric OSA. Conclusion Although more randomized studies are needed, based on the present umbrella review, MAAs must be considered part of the multidisciplinary treatment for pediatric OSA.