Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of community-based support for pregnant women living with HIV: a cohort study in South Africa

ABSTRACT Antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation in HIV-infected pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains inadequate, and there is a severe shortage of professional healthcare workers in the region. The effectiveness of community support programmes for HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants in SSA is unclear. This study compared initiation of maternal antiretrovirals and infant outcomes amongst HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants who received and did not receive community-based support (CBS) in a high HIV-prevalence setting in South Africa. A cohort study, including HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants, was conducted at three sentinel surveillance facilities between January 2009 and June 2012, utilising enhanced routine clinical data. Through home visits, CBS workers encouraged uptake of interventions in the ART cascade, provided HIV-related education, ART initiation counselling and psychosocial support. Outcomes were compared using Kaplan–Meier analyses and multivariable Cox and log-binomial regression. Amongst 1105 mother–infant pairs included, 264 (23.9%) received CBS. Amongst women eligible to start ART antenatally, women who received CBS had a reduced risk of not initiating antenatal ART, 5.4% vs. 30.3%; adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 0.18 (95% CI: 0.08–0.44; P < .0001). Women who received CBS initiated antenatal ART with less delay after the first antenatal visit, median 26 days vs. 39 days; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.15–2.14; P = .004). Amongst women who initiated antenatal zidovudine (ZDV) to prevent vertical transmission, women who received CBS initiated ZDV with less delay, aHR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.18–2.01; P = .001). Women who received CBS had a lower risk of stillbirth, 1.5% vs. 5.4%; aRR = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.07–1.00; P = .050). Pregnant women living with HIV who received CBS had improved antenatal triple ART initiation in eligible women, women initiated ART and ZDV with shorter delays, and had a lower risk of stillbirth. CBS is an intervention that shows promise in improving maternal and infant health in high HIV-prevalence settings.
New direct torque control scheme for induction motors

In this paper a novel controller based on direct torque control is presented. This controller has been designed to be applied in the control of induction motors fed with a three-level voltage source inverter (VSI). This type of inverter has several advantages over the standard two-level VSI, such as a greater number of levels in the output voltage waveforms, less harmonic distortion and lower switching frequencies. In the new controller the hysteresis regulators and look-up table are not used, and instead, the torque and stator flux errors are used together with the motor speed to generate a reference voltage vector that can be synthesized using different techniques afterwards. Experimental results of the novel system are presented and compared with those obtained for classical DTC system when employing two-level VSI. The new controller is shown to reduce the ripple in the torque and flux responses. Lower current distortion and switching frequency of the semiconductor devices are also obtained in the new presented system
E2A and IRF-4/Pip Promote Chromatin Modification and Transcription of the Immunoglobulin κ Locus in Pre-B Cells

ABSTRACT The immunoglobulin kappa light chain (Igκ) locus is regulated in a lineage- and stage-specific manner during B-cell development. The highly restricted timing of V to J gene recombination at the pre-B-cell stage is under the control of two enhancers, the intronic enhancer (κEi) and the 3′ enhancer (κE3′), flanking the constant exon. E2A transcription factors have been indicated to be directly involved in the regulation of Igκ locus activation. In this study, we utilize E2A-deficient pre-B cells to directly investigate the mechanism of E2A-mediated Igκ activation. We demonstrate that Igκ germ line transcription is severely impaired and recombination is blocked in the absence of E2A. Reconstitution of E2A −/− pre-B cells with inducible human E2A (E47R) is sufficient to promote chromatin modification of Igκ and rescue Igκ germ line transcription and Jκ gene recombinase accessibility. Furthermore, we show that increased E2A recruitment to κEi and κE3′ correlates with activation of Igκ in pre-B cells and that recruitment of E2A to κE3′ is in part dependent on the transcription factor IRF-4. Inhibition of IRF-4 expression in pre-B cells leads to a significant reduction of Igκ germ line transcription and enhancer acetylation. In the absence of E2A, increased IRF-4 expression is not sufficient to promote Igκ enhancer chromatin modification or transcription, suggesting that the sequential involvement of IRF-4 and E2A is necessary for the activation of the Igκ locus. Finally, we provide genetic evidence in the mouse that E2A gene dosage can influence the development of pre-B cells during the phase of Igκ gene activation.
Opportunities for Child-Initiated Learning: Long-term Follow-up Studies of Preschool Programs

Aseries of groundbreaking studies shows that the two years a child spends in preschool with a resilience-based curriculum can be key to preventing drug abuse and related high-risk behaviors in later life. The High/Scope Educational Research Foundation studies also document impressive cost benefits of such early childhood prevention programs, and suggest a strong link between preschool curriculum and reduced costs to crime-victim assistance and the justice system.
An Efficient Graph Codec System for Software Watermarking

In this paper we propose an efficient and easily implemented codec system for encoding watermark numbers as reducible permutation flow-graphs. More precisely, in light of our recent encoding algorithms which encode a watermark value w as a self-inverting permutation π*, we present an efficient algorithm which encodes a self-inverting permutation π* as a reducible permutation flow-graph F[π*] by exploiting domination relations on the elements of π* and using an efficient DAG representation of π*. The whole encoding process takes O(n) time and space, where n is the binary size of the number w or, equivalently, the number of elements of the permutation π*. We also propose efficient decoding algorithms which extract the permutation π* from the reducible permutation flow-graph F[π*] within the same time and space complexity. The two main components of our proposed codec system, i.e., the self-inverting permutation π* and the reducible permutation graph F[π*], incorporate important structural properties which make our codec system resilient to attacks.
Scalable recognition and tracking for mobile augmented reality

For an augmented reality application to be realistic, exact tracking of target objects is essential. However, recent mobile augmented reality applications such as location-based applications or recognition-based applications, showed less quality of realistic augmentation due to inexact tracking methods. Vision based tracking is capable of being exact and robust, but as a mobile augmented reality system, the number of objects it can augment was far limited. In this paper, we propose a new framework that overcomes limitations of previous works in two points. One, our framework is scalable to the number of objects being augmented. Two, our framework provides improved realistic augmentation adopting real-time accurate visual tracking method. To our best knowledge, there has been no system proposed successfully integrating both properties. To achieve scalability, bag of visual words based recognition module with large database runs on remote server and mobile phone tracks and augments the target object by itself. The server and mobile phone is connected through conventional Wi-Fi. Including network latency, our implementation takes 0.2sec for initiating AR service on 10,000 object database, which is acceptable in real-world augmented reality application.
Cytosolic chaperones mediate quality control of higher-order septin assembly in budding yeast

Septin proteins hetero-oligomerize to form filaments. Mutant septins that subtly misfold a key oligomerization interface retain some function when expressed alone but are excluded from filaments when the wild-type allele is present. Cytosolic chaperones mediate this “quality control” via prolonged interactions with the mutant polypeptides.
New Performance-Based Passive Septic Tank Underground Drainfield for Nutrient and Pathogen Removal Using Sorption Media

Abstract Removal of nutrients and pathogens in wastewater effluents is very important for the sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and environment. On-site sewage treatment and disposal systems commonly referred as septic systems are one of the major sources of nutrients and pathogens in groundwater systems. Drainfields in septic tank systems are normally located in permeable, unsaturated natural soil or imported fill material so that wastewater can infiltrate and percolate through the underlying soil to the groundwater for final disposal. In the past, removal of nutrients in these conventional drainfields was too low to meet the water quality requirements. This article presents a new passive underground drainfield of innovative design with soil amendments (sorption media) for nutrient and pathogen removal in a field-scaled septic tank system. This new system, which is filled with green sorption media consisting of recycled materials mixed with naturally occurring materials, was fully tested in both Ph.
Glyphosate Effects on Plant Mineral Nutrition, Crop Rhizosphere Microbiota, and Plant Disease in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops

Claims have been made recently that glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops sometimes have mineral deficiencies and increased plant disease. This review evaluates the literature that is germane to these claims. Our conclusions are: (1) although there is conflicting literature on the effects of glyphosate on mineral nutrition on GR crops, most of the literature indicates that mineral nutrition in GR crops is not affected by either the GR trait or by application of glyphosate; (2) most of the available data support the view that neither the GR transgenes nor glyphosate use in GR crops increases crop disease; and (3) yield data on GR crops do not support the hypotheses that there are substantive mineral nutrition or disease problems that are specific to GR crops.
On computation of minimum distance of linear block codes above 1/2 rate coding

The minimum distance of linear block codes is one of the important parameter that indicates the error performance of the code. When the code rate is less than 1/2, efficient algorithms are available for finding minimum distance using the concept of information sets. When the code rate is greater than 1/2, only one information set is available and efficiency suffers. In this paper, we investigate and propose a novel algorithm to find the minimum distance of linear block codes with the code rate greater than 1/2. We propose to reverse the roles of information set and parity set to get virtually another information set to improve the efficiency. This method is 67.7 times faster than the minimum distance algorithm implemented in MAGMA Computational Algebra System for a (80, 45) linear block code.
Changing notions of trust and compliance : their implications for personalisation of eHealth systems for maternity care

The past decade or so has shown two parallel phenomena: the organic, nonplanned growth of the Web and its communities, and the design of a future world of eHealth, including study of how eHealth applications aimed at the public can be personalised. We discuss the influence of the former on the latter. There is a large and lively collection of resources and online communities relating to pregnancy and birth. This is an interesting case study for issues of trust and compliance in particular because many of the issues that arise are highly controversial, with usual practices and advice differing systematically between countries (e.g, the US and the UK) and between professional groups (e.g., midwives and obstetricians), as well as unsystematically between individual practitioners. Traditionally, both doctors and patients expect that the doctor will tell the patient what to do, and that the patient will trust the doctor and comply with instructions. Interestingly, although [3] discusses the fact that non-compliance may be a deliberate decision, it does not explicitly discuss cases where the patient may have made a judgement about the advice itself. For example, it mentions that a patient might take less than the prescribed dose of a drug because the patient fears side effects, but it does not mention that a patient might take a lower dose because they know that a different dose was used in a relevant clinical trial. The UK government report Changing Childbirth[2] recommended that the maternity services should become more woman-centred: one result of this is the oft-occurring phrase “informed choice” (rather than informed consent, or compliance) to describe the ideal role to be played by the pregnant woman. In practice, however, a traditional compliance model still holds sway. For example Stapleton et al. write [4]: “We observed a strong hierarchy within the maternity services, with obstetricians at the top, midwives and health professionals other than doctors in the middle, and pregnant women at the bottom ”. They conclude: “The hierarchical power structures within the maternity services, and the framing of information in favour of particular options, ensured compliance with the ”right” choice. ” (my emphasis).
A procedure to automatically enrich verbal lexica with subcategorization frames

In this paper we introduce a method for automatically assigning subcategorization frames to previously unseen verbs of Spanish, as an aid to syntactical analysis. Since there is not a consensus on the classes of subcategorization frames, we combine supervised and unsupervised learning. We apply clustering techniques to obtain coarse-grained subcategorization classes from an annotated corpus of Spanish, then evaluate these classes and we nally use them to learn a classier to assign subcategorization frames to the verbs of previously unseen sentences.
Optimization Equivalence of Divergences Improves Neighbor Embedding ( Supplemental Document )

http://archive.ics. uci.edu/ml/ http://yann.lecun. com/exdb/mnist/ http://vlado.fmf. uni-lj.si/pub/networks/ data/ http://code.google. com/p/linloglayout/ http://www.music-ir.org/mirex/wiki/2007 Chen et al. (2009). It is a similarity graph of 3090 songs. The songs are evenly divided among 10 classes that roughly correspond to different music genres. The weighted edges are human judgment on how similar two songs are.
Structure of the inner crust of neutron stars: Crystal lattice or disordered phase?

We investigate the inner crust structure of neutron stars using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach with the Coulomb interaction treated beyond the Wigner-Seitz approximation. Our results suggest that the shell effects associated with unbound neutrons play an important role and, in particular, lead to complicated phase transition pattern between various nuclear phases (as a function of the density). Namely, we show that the relative energies of different phases are rapidly oscillating functions of the neutron density. In the semiclassical approach this behavior is explained as an interference effect due to periodic orbits of similar lengths. We discuss also the dependence of the shell effects on pairing correlations.
Data-Based Binaural Synthesis Including Rotational and Translatory Head-Movements

Several approaches to data-based binaural synthesis have been published that are based on the analysis of sound fields captured by spherical microphone arrays. The captured sound field is decomposed into plane waves which are then auralized with head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). So far head-rotations of the listener were considered for dynamic binaural synthesis. We propose an analytic method to consider translatory head-movements as well. A straightforward calculus in the spatial frequency domain is presented and will be evaluated.
An Empirical Analysis of Fitness Assignment and Diversity-Preserving in Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization

Evolutionary algorithms have (EAs) been an alternative class of powerful search techniques. They have been widely applied to solve multi-objective optimization problems from scientific community and engineering fields. The aim of designing EAs for multi-objective optimization is to obtain a well-converged and well-distributed set involving multiple Pareto-optimal solutions in a single simulation run. Accordingly, improving the convergence speed and preserving the diversity of solutions are identically important during the search of EAs. In EAs, an effective fitness assignment approach is beneficial to improve the convergence speed and simultaneously guide the search of EAs towards optimal regions; an effective fitness sharing technique can improve the diversity of solutions in order to avoid the premature convergence. Additionally, the search capability of evolving operators themselves plays an important role in solving multi-objective optimization problems. This paper introduces two alternative fitness assignment approaches based on Pareto ranking to guide the search towards optimal regions, develops three alternative pruning techniques (i.e., specific fitness sharing techniques), and incorporates a dynamic mutation operator into EAs in order to enrich the diversity of solutions. Experimental results show that these approaches are effective. The purpose of this study is to gain a specific and important insight into well-established techniques and encourage their usage in further empirical studies.
The Syntax of Human Infant Reaching

Early infant reaching is composed of multiple hand accelerations representing a sequence of corrective submovements. At the developmental onset of reaching, infants appear to "wrestle" their hands to a target and only very gradually show smoothing of their movements with experience. This rough character of infant reaching likely reflects the lack of development of the cerebellum. Cerebral cortical systems are able to provide approximate solutions for reaching tasks, and with extended experience they become better at generating accurate initial movements. The improvement in generating initial movements is at least partly due to improved mapping of the initial conditions of the body, environment, and task to the initial movement. Data from infants show that it is only after 8 months of practice that a primary movement comes to dominate the reach as they do in older children and adults. Thus, the syntax of early reaching is similar to the syntax of mature reaching. This early syntax allows infants to accomplish their goal of obtaining objects in the world. Development occurs in a manner that allows for skill optimization [22]. Infant reaching uses neural systems that provide the basis of adult reaching.
Roles of c-Met and RON kinases in tumor progression and their potential as therapeutic targets

c-Met and receptor originated from nantes (RON) are structurally related transmembrane phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. c-Met and RON show increased expression or activity in a variety of tumors leading to tumor progression and may play a role in acquired resistance to therapy. Although often co-expressed, the distinct functional roles of c-Met and RON are not fully understood. c-Met and RON form both activated homodimers and heterodimers with themselves and other families of phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. Inhibitors for c-Met and RON including small molecular weigh kinase inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies are in pre-clinical investigation and clinical trials. Several of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors have activity against both c-Met and RON kinases whereas the antibodies generally are target specific. As with many targeted agents used to treat solid tumors, it is likely that c-Met/RON inhibitors will have greater benefit when used in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted agents. A careful analysis of c-Met/RON expression or activity and a better elucidation of how they influence cell signaling will be useful in predicting which tumors respond best to these inhibitors as well as determining which agents can be used with these inhibitors for combined therapy.
Traffic Locality in the eMule System

Traffic locality is a promising way for P2P systems to reduce cross-network traffic and improve performance. For the specific application, eMule, there are few reports on traffic locality in eMule to date. In this paper, we study how to integrate traffic locality mechanism into the eMule system. The eMule protocol is summarized and the source code of the eMule software is analyzed. Then traffic locality mechanisms for eMule are proposed. The methods are based on measurement with ICMP ping packet to get hop distance and RTT between peers. Then a peer chooses peers with shorter hop distance or RTT as sources to connect to and to request for downloading. Simulation experiments show that such simple mechanisms can cut-down cross-network traffic greatly and ameliorate download performance of the eMule system explicitly at the same time.
Combining Ring Extensions and Canonical Form Pruning

A common problem in frequent graph mining is the size of the output, which can easily exceed the size of the database to analyze. In the application area of molecular fragment mining a promising approach to tackle this problem is to treat certain substructures as a unit. Among such structures, rings are most prominent, and by requiring that either a ring is present as a whole in a fragment, or not at all, the size of the output can be reduced considerably. In this paper I present two ways to combine such ring mining with canonical form pruning.
TASSER‐based refinement of NMR structures

The TASSER structure prediction algorithm is employed to investigate whether NMR structures can be moved closer to their corresponding X‐ray counterparts by automatic refinement procedures. The benchmark protein dataset includes 61 nonhomologous proteins whose structures have been determined by both NMR and X‐ray experiments. Interestingly, by starting from NMR structures, the majority (79%) of TASSER refined models show a structural shift toward their X‐ray structures. On average, the TASSER refined models have a root‐mean‐square‐deviation (RMSD) from the X‐ray structure of 1.785 Å (1.556 Å) over the entire chain (aligned region), while the average RMSD between NMR and X‐ray structures (RMSDNMR_X‐ray) is 2.080 Å (1.731 Å). For all proteins having a RMSDNMR_X‐ray >2 Å, the TASSER refined structures show consistent improvement. However, for the 34 proteins with a RMSDNMR_X‐ray <2 Å, there are only 21 cases (60%) where the TASSER model is closer to the X‐ray structure than NMR, which may be due to the inherent resolution of TASSER. We also compare the TASSER models with 12 NMR models in the RECOORD database that have been recalculated recently by Nederveen et al. from original NMR restraints using the newest molecular dynamics tools. In 8 of 12 cases, TASSER models show a smaller RMSD to X‐ray structures; in 3 of 12 cases, where RMSDNMR_X‐ray <1 Å, RECOORD does better than TASSER. These results suggest that TASSER can be a useful tool to improve the quality of NMR structures. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.