Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A quantitative test of infrared optical constants for supercooled sulphuric and nitric acid droplet aerosols

In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) extinc- tion spectra of supercooled H2SO4/H2O and HNO3/H2O so- lution droplets were recorded in the large coolable aerosol chamber AIDA (Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe for a range of aerosol compositions and at temperatures extending down to 192 K. The measured spectra were quantitatively analysed in terms of aerosol composition and mass concentration by us- ing Mie theory in combination with published refractive in- dex data as input parameters. Simultaneously, total sulphuric acid and nitric acid mass concentrations from filter analysis and total water concentrations measured with the Lyman- hygrometer of Forschungszentrum J¨ ulich were used to calcu- late the aerosol composition at thermodynamic equilibrium inside the aerosol chamber. By comparing these measured aerosol parameters with those retrieved from the analysis of the FTIR spectra, the accuracy of the literature data sets of refractive indices could be assessed. In summary, four data sets were tested in the H2SO4/H2O system as well as two data sets in the HNO3/H2O system, partly revealing signifi- cant discrepancies in the retrieved aerosol properties. Poten- tial explanations for these differences are discussed in this paper.
Decentralized strategy to ensure information propagation in area monitoring missions with a team of UAVs under limited communications

This paper presents the decentralized strategy followed to ensure information propagation in area monitoring missions with a fleet of heterogeneous UAVs with limited communication range. The goal of the team is to detect pollution sources over a large area as soon as possible. Hence the elapsed time between two consecutive visits should be minimized. On the other hand, in order to exploit the capabilities derived from having a fleet of UAVs, an efficient area partition is performed in a distributed manner using a one-to-one coordination schema according to the limited communication ranges. Another requirement is to have the whole team informed about the location of the new pollution sources detected. This requirement is challenging because the communication range of the vehicles is small compared to the area covered in the mission. Sufficient and necessary conditions are provided to guarantee one-to-one UAV communication in grid-shape area partitions, allowing to share any new information among all the members of the team, even under strong communication constraints. The proposed decentralized strategy has been simulated to confirm that fulfils all the goals and requirements and has been also compared to other patrolling strategies.
Understanding the Student with Asperger Syndrome

Children diagnosed with Asperger syndrome present a special challenge in the educational milieu. This article provides teachers with descriptions of seven defining characteristics of Asperger syndrome, in addition to suggestions and strategies for addressing these symptoms in the classroom. Behavioral and academic interventions based on the author's teaching experiences with children with Asperger syndrome are offered.
Unobserved “Home” Induction Onto Buprenorphine

Background:Unobserved, or “home” buprenorphine induction is common in some clinical practices. Patients take the initial and subsequent doses of buprenorphine after, rather than during, an office visit. This review summarizes the literature on the feasibility and acceptability, safety, effectiveness, and prevalence of unobserved induction. Methods:We searched the English language literature for studies describing unobserved buprenorphine induction and associated outcomes. Clinical studies were assessed by strength of design, bias, and internal and external validity. Surveys of provider practices and unobserved induction adoption were reviewed for prevalence data and key findings. We also examined previous review papers and international buprenorphine treatment guidelines. Results:N = 10 clinical studies describing unobserved induction were identified: 1 randomized controlled trial, 3 prospective cohort studies, and 6 retrospective cohort studies. The evidence supports the feasibility of unobserved induction, particularly in office-based primary care practices. Evidence is weak to moderate in support of no differences in adverse event rates between unobserved and observed inductions. There is insufficient or weak evidence in terms of any or no differences in overall effectiveness (treatment retention, medication adherence, illicit opioid abstinence, other drug use). N = 9 provider surveys assessed unobserved induction: observed induction logistics are seen as barriers to buprenorphine prescribing; unobserved induction appears widespread in specific locations. International guidelines reviewed emphasize clinician or pharmacist observed induction (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Australia); only one (Denmark) explicitly endorses unobserved induction. Conclusions:There is insufficient evidence supporting unobserved induction as more, less, or as effective as observed induction. However, the predominantly observational and naturalistic studies of unobserved induction reviewed, all of which have significant sources of bias and limited external validity, document feasibility and low rates of adverse events. Unobserved induction seems to be widely adopted in US and French regional provider surveys. Prescribers, policy makers, and patients should balance the benefits of observed induction such as maximum clinical supervision with the ease-of-use and comparable safety profile of unobserved induction.
Actividades extraescolares, ocio sedentario y horas de sueño como determinantes del sobrepeso infantil

The relationship between extra school activities, short sleeping, sedentary leisure and childhood overweight. In this study, the relationship between extra school activities, physical activity, sedentary leisure, sleeping and the Body Mass Index (IMC) was analyzed. The sample consisted of 72 students, 41 girls and 31 boys, aged between 9 and 10 years and half. An individual interview was made in which the children were asked out about the TV programs that they watched each one of the days of the week, the time that they spent with the console and the computer, the time that they dedicated to the sports and other physical activities. The results showed that the sedentary leisure (number of hours of television, computer and console) is associated with an increase of the IMC. But sedentary leisure is also related with short sleeping and with the extra school activities. The implications of these results on the study childhood overweight are discussed.
Women Engineering Students and Self‐Efficacy: A Multi‐Year, Multi‐Institution Study of Women Engineering Student Self‐Efficacy

As our nation's need for engineering professionals grows, educators and industry leaders are increasingly becoming concerned with how to attract women to this traditionally male career path. Self‐efficacy has been shown to be related to positive outcomes in studying and pursuing careers in non‐traditional fields. This paper describes the results of two years of engineering self‐efficacy data collected from women engineering students at five institutions across the U.S. This study adds to the growing body of self‐efficacy literature via its multi‐year, multi‐institution design and helps to clarify the impact of the engineering curriculum on self‐efficacy. Results indicate that while women students show positive progress on some self‐efficacy and related subscales, they show a significant decrease on feelings of inclusion from the first to second measurement period and further suggest a relationship between ethnicity and feelings of inclusion. Additionally, correlations show that self‐efficacy is related to women students' plans to persist in this predominantly male discipline.
Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I in Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome and Change in Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness During 3 Years in Middle-Aged Men

Background and Purpose— The apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) ratio is a measure of the relationship between different lipoprotein particles and a powerful predictor of coronary death. The aim was to examine whether apoB/apoA-I was associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline and also with the future change in carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods— In 313 58-year-old men, carotid artery IMT was measured bilaterally by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up. Serum apolipoprotein concentrations and the components of MetS were measured at study entry. Results— ApoB/apoA-I showed statistically significant associations with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, insulin, and diastolic blood pressure. Two thirds of the patients with MetS had high apoB/apoA-I ratios (>0.90) compared with one third of those without the syndrome (P<0.001). The IMT change was associated with apoB, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and inversely with HDL cholesterol and LDL particle size at entry, and there was a strong colinearity between these variables. The subjects with apoB/apoA-I above the first tertile (0.74) had a 20-μm-higher (95% CI, 7 to 33) annual increase in IMT compared with those below this level after adjustment for blood pressure and smoking. Conclusions— The apoB/apoA-I ratio was strongly associated with MetS and its components at baseline. ApoB/apoA-I at baseline was related to the change in carotid artery IMT during 3 years of follow-up. There was a strong colinearity between apoB/apoA and the atherogenic lipids.
Repensando o processo de aprendizagem organizacional no agronegócio: um estudo de caso realizado numa cooperativa destaque em qualidade no RS

The objective of this article is to investigate the managerial learning styles as seen by Kolb (1978) and verify whether there is any relationship between learning styles and the Social Motives proposed by McClelland (1972). The strategic methodology used was the case study conducted in a top quality Cooperative located in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The subjects of the research are 11, including the president, the Human Resources management and the managers of the business unities composing the Quality Management Committee. The data collection was based on questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews. It was verified that managers with convergent and accommodative learning styles feel a higher need for power than for achievement. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that those with divergent and assimilative styles express a higher need for achievement than for power. Given the complexity of human behavior, the classification of administrators according to certain social styles and motives should not be viewed as something stagnant and definitive, but rather as a way of facilitating comprehension.
Explaining large-N cooperation: Generalized social trust and the social exchange heuristic

This paper presents a new argument that links generalized social trust and collective action in situations with a large number of actors who do not have specific information on each other. Generalized social trust enhances large-N cooperation through the social exchange heuristic, which stimulates conditional cooperation in social dilemmas. Using data from a survey in four countries and recycling behavior as an indicator of collective action, this explanation is tested with individual-level data. While the relationship between generalized social trust and large-N collective action is often hypothesized, there is scant micro-level evidence as it has mainly been tested at the macro level. The results show that people holding generalized social trust cooperate more readily in large-N dilemmas, and that they most likely do so because of the social exchange heuristic.
Effects of Rolapitant Administered Intravenously or Orally on the Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin (P‐glycoprotein Substrate) and Sulfasalazine (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Substrate) in Healthy Volunteers

Rolapitant is a selective and long‐acting neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist approved in an oral formulation in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in adults. Four open‐label phase 1 studies evaluated the safety and drug–drug interactions of a single dose of rolapitant given intravenously (166.5 mg) or orally (180 mg) with oral digoxin (0.5 mg) or sulfasalazine (500 mg), probe substrates for the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), respectively. Administration of intravenous rolapitant with the substrates did not result in clinically significant effects on digoxin and sulfasalazine pharmacokinetics. In contrast, peak concentration and area under the curve for last quantifiable plasma concentrations increased by 71% (geometric mean ratio [GMR], 1.71; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–1.95) and 30% (GMR, 1.30; 90%CI, 1.19–1.42), respectively, when rolapitant was coadministered orally with digoxin compared with digoxin alone; they increased by 140% (GMR, 2.40; 90%CI, 2.02–2.86) and 127% (GMR, 2.27; 90%CI, 1.94–2.65), respectively, when rolapitant was given orally with sulfasalazine compared with sulfasalazine alone. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity in the absence or presence of rolapitant. There were no abnormal clinical laboratory or electrocardiogram findings. Thus, whether administered orally or intravenously, rolapitant was safe and well tolerated. Patients taking oral rolapitant with P‐gp and BCRP substrates with a narrow therapeutic index should be monitored for potential adverse events; although increased plasma concentrations of these substrates may raise the risk of toxicity, they are not contraindicated.
Intracellular Mono-ADP-Ribosylation in Signaling and Disease

A key process in the regulation of protein activities and thus cellular signaling pathways is the modification of proteins by post-translational mechanisms. Knowledge about the enzymes (writers and erasers) that attach and remove post-translational modifications, the targets that are modified and the functional consequences elicited by specific modifications, is crucial for understanding cell biological processes. Moreover detailed knowledge about these mechanisms and pathways helps to elucidate the molecular causes of various diseases and in defining potential targets for therapeutic approaches. Intracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation refers to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent modification of proteins with ADP-ribose and is catalyzed by enzymes of the ARTD (ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin like, also known as PARP) family as well as some members of the Sirtuin family. Poly-ADP-ribosylation is relatively well understood with inhibitors being used as anti-cancer agents. However, the majority of ARTD enzymes and the ADP-ribosylating Sirtuins are restricted to catalyzing mono-ADP-ribosylation. Although writers, readers and erasers of intracellular mono-ADP-ribosylation have been identified only recently, it is becoming more and more evident that this reversible post-translational modification is capable of modulating key intracellular processes and signaling pathways. These include signal transduction mechanisms, stress pathways associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and stress granules, and chromatin-associated processes such as transcription and DNA repair. We hypothesize that mono-ADP-ribosylation controls, through these different pathways, the development of cancer and infectious diseases.
Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by pairing an auditory stimulus with TMS

Acoustic stimuli can cause a transient increase in the excitability of the motor cortex. The current study leverages this phenomenon to develop a method for testing the integrity of auditorimotor integration and the capacity for auditorimotor plasticity. We demonstrate that appropriately timed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the hand area, paired with auditorily mediated excitation of the motor cortex, induces an enhancement of motor cortex excitability that lasts beyond the time of stimulation. This result demonstrates for the first time that paired associative stimulation (PAS)-induced plasticity within the motor cortex is applicable with auditory stimuli. We propose that the method developed here might provide a useful tool for future studies that measure auditory-motor connectivity in communication disorders.
What, Who and Where: Insights into Personalization

Personalization is a phenomenon that intrigues and confuses. Personalized offerings promise customer attention, loyalty and safe haven against commoditization. However, these promises do not materialize unless customers accept personalization as a means to enhance their consuming experience. Three points of views are offered to personalization in this paper. An analysis of various personalization concepts shows that the basic concept of personalization is reaching maturity even though fresh views are added to it, e.g. context-based personalization. Secondly, a text-mining based approach profiles the personalization research based on bibliometric data on nearly 800 articles, and indicates that the research field is fairly fragmented, and that mass customization and customization research clearly diverges from personalization research. Based on a selection of articles, a further analysis classifies the type of research and research contexts that are the most common. Finally, this research also suggests a conceptualization of personalization.
Kids Closer Up: Playing, Learning, and Growing with Digital Media

While large-scale surveys have documented the types of media to which 5–9-year-olds are devoting increasing amounts of time, we know less about how and why they are using these media and what they might be learning as a result. This research provides rich details on the processes, relationships, and contexts that larger-scale studies on children's media use cannot by examining two 8-year-old girls’ engagement with video games, the Web, mobile devices, and other emerging technologies against the backdrop of family life. What roles are parents and others playing in their digital media experiences? And how is their engagement with digital media related to family values, relationships with peers and siblings, and what they are doing at school? Ethnographic methods and ecological perspectives on learning were used to craft these portraits. The case studies illustrate how young children's access to and interest in technology are shaped by cultural, institutional, interpersonal, and developmental forces and, in .
Psychische Auffälligkeiten von Kindern alkoholkranker Väter

Objectives In spite of a growing interest in recent years in epidemiological research on behavior problems of children of alcoholics (COAs), few prospective longitudinal child psychiatric studies have been conducted up to now. Methods In the Mannheim Study of Risk Children, an ongoing prospective study of high risks, the data of 219 children (26 COAs and 193 non-COAs) were analyzed from birth to the age of 11 years. Sociodemographic data, organic and psychosocial risk factors, the number and severity of behavior problems, and the rate of expansive and introversive disorders have been investigated. Results The family status of the COAs was characterized by the father's lower level of education as well as by socioeconomic difficulties and more numerous adverse life events. Other psychosocial problems such as marital conflict and a lack of coping mechanisms were also more frequent in COA families. A significantly higher rate of expansive symptoms and disorders was found in children of alcoholic fathers from the age of two years on. Conclusions Children of alcoholic fathers represent a group at risk for the early onset of psychiatric problems and are deserving of more attention in prevention and early intervention programs.
A dual band metamaterial absorber using electric field driven LC (ELC) and cave ELC structures

This paper describes the combination of the electric field driven LC (ELC) resonator structure and the cave ELC structure to behave as a dual band microwave absorber in C-band using single dielectric layer. The geometric dimensions are optimized parametrically so that the absorptions take place at the well-defined FCC radar frequency band. The proposed structure shows absorbance values of 95.3% and 88.4% at the frequencies of 5.34 GHz and 5.94 GHz respectively. The structure is also studied for oblique incidences of the incident wave as well as for different angle of polarizations showing that the absorption of the structure is more than 80% upto 30° for both the cases.
Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus Resistance to Lamivudine

ABSTRACT Lamivudine was the first approved inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT). Lamivudine resistance develops in 53% to 76% of patients after 3 years of treatment. We extensively characterized the dynamics of HBV quasispecies variant populations in four HBV-infected patients who developed lamivudine resistance. Virological breakthrough was preceded by 2 to 4 months by the emergence of quasispecies variants bearing amino acid substitutions at RT position 204, i.e., within the YMDD catalytic motif (rtM204V/I). Three patients had a gradual switch from a YMDD variant population at baseline to a 100% lamivudine-resistant variant population, whereas the remaining patient had a fluctuating pattern of resistance variant dynamics. Careful analysis of amino acid substitutions located outside domain C of HBV RT, including those known to partially restore replication capacities in vitro, showed that the in vivo replication of HBV variants is driven by multiple forces, including intrinsic replicative advantages conferred by mutations accumulating outside domain C and the changing environment in which these variants replicate. Our findings also suggest that individual treatment optimization will require sensitive methods capable of detecting the emergence of viral resistance before the relevant variants acquire optimal replicative capacities.
High throughput sample processing and automated scoring

The comet assay is a sensitive and versatile method for assessing DNA damage in cells. In the traditional version of the assay, there are many manual steps involved and few samples can be treated in one experiment. High throughput (HT) modifications have been developed during recent years, and they are reviewed and discussed. These modifications include accelerated scoring of comets; other important elements that have been studied and adapted to HT are cultivation and manipulation of cells or tissues before and after exposure, and freezing of treated samples until comet analysis and scoring. HT methods save time and money but they are useful also for other reasons: large-scale experiments may be performed which are otherwise not practicable (e.g., analysis of many organs from exposed animals, and human biomonitoring studies), and automation gives more uniform sample treatment and less dependence on operator performance. The HT modifications now available vary largely in their versatility, capacity, complexity, and costs. The bottleneck for further increase of throughput appears to be the scoring.