Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Truncation of the Cytoplasmic Domain of (cid:98) 3 in a Variant Form of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Abrogates Signaling through the Integrin (cid:97) IIb (cid:98) 3 Complex

Glanzmann thrombasthenia is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by absence or dysfunction of the platelet integrin (cid:97) IIb (cid:98) 3 . Patient RM is a thrombasthenic variant whose platelets fail to aggregate in response to physiological agonists, despite the fact that they express abundant levels of (cid:97) IIb (cid:98) 3 on their surface. Binding of soluble fibrinogen or fibrinogen mimetic antibodies to RM platelets did not occur, except in the presence of ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) antibodies that transformed the RM integrin complex into an active conformation from outside the cell. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified genomic DNA and platelet mRNA revealed a C2268T nucleotide substitution in the gene encoding the integrin (cid:98) 3 subunit that resulted in an Arg724Ter mutation, producing a truncated protein containing only the first eight of the 47 amino acids normally present in the cytoplasmic domain. Functional analysis of both RM platelets and CHO cells stably expressing this truncated integrin revealed that the (cid:97) IIb (cid:98) 3 Arg724Ter complex is able to mediate binding to immobilized fibrinogen, though downstream events, including cytoskeletally-medi-ated cell spreading and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, pp125 FAK , fail to occur. These studies establish the importance of the membrane-distal portion of the integrin (cid:98) 3 cytoplasmic domain in bidirectional transmembrane signaling in human platelets, and the role of integrin signaling in maintaining normal hemostasis in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 1997. 100:2393–2403. )
The Equivalence of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Tree-to-Graph Transducers

We introduce the bottom-up tree-to-graph transducer, which is very similar to the usual (total deterministic) bottom-up tree transducer except that it translates trees into hypergraphs rather than trees, using hypergraph substitution instead of tree substitution. If every output hypergraph of the transducer is a jungle, i.e., a hypergraph that can be unfolded into a tree, then the tree-to-graph transducer is said to be tree-generating and naturally defines a tree-to-tree translation. We prove that bottom-up tree-to-graph transducers define the same tree-to-tree translations as the previously introduced top-down tree-to-graph transducers. This is in contrast with the well-known incomparability of the usual bottom-up and top-down tree transducers.
Framing Signals - A Return to Portable Shellcode

Signal handling has been an integral part of UNIX systems since the earliest implementation in the 1970s. Nowadays, we find signals in all common flavors of UNIX systems, including BSD, Linux, Solaris, Android, and Mac OS. While each flavor handles signals in slightly different ways, the implementations are very similar. In this paper, we show that signal handling can be used as an attack method in exploits and backdoors. The problem has been a part of UNIX from the beginning, and now that advanced security measures like ASLR, DEP and stack cookies have made simple exploitation much harder, our technique is among the lowest hanging fruit available to an attacker. Specifically, we describe Sigreturn Oriented Programming (SROP), a novel technique for exploits and backdoors in UNIX-like systems. Like return-oriented programming (ROP), sigreturn oriented programming constructs what is known as a 'weird machine' that can be programmed by attackers to change the behavior of a process. To program the machine, attackers set up fake signal frames and initiate returns from signals that the kernel never really delivered. This is possible, because UNIX stores signal frames on the process' stack. Sigreturn oriented programming is interesting for attackers, OS developers and academics. For attackers, the technique is very versatile, with pre-conditions that are different from those of existing exploitation techniques like ROP. Moreover, unlike ROP, sigreturn oriented programming programs are portable. For OS developers, the technique presents a problem that has been present in one of the two main operating system families from its inception, while the fixes (which we also present) are non-trivial. From a more academic viewpoint, it is also interesting because we show that sigreturn oriented programming is Turing complete. We demonstrate the usefulness of the technique in three applications. First, we describe the exploitation of a vulnerable web server on different Linux distributions. Second, we build a very stealthy proof-of-concept backdoor. Third, we use SROP to bypass Apple's code signing and security vetting process by building an app that can execute arbitrary system calls. Finally, we discuss mitigation techniques.
Multi point, high sensitive tactile sensing module for robots and devices

Tactile sensing usually refers to a transducer that is sensitive to touch, force, or pressure like human skin. A tactile-sensing array can be considered as a coordinated group of touch sensors. Recently, there has been an increased interest in tactile sensors, yet, the desired level, compared to the human's sensing ability still could not be reached for terms like number of receptors at certain area. The unique and the most important contribution of this paper1 is to increase the number of sensory receptors per cm2 up to millions. The second and supplementary contribution is the development of a method that can acquire these millions of data with ease at low costs. The design illustrated in this paper proposes using change of density of light (level of brightness) due to the deformation on contact surface. The density of light enters sequent mathematical algorithms as the input, and step by step, displacement, force and pressure data is evaluated as the output.
Accelerating Iterations Involving Eigenvalue or Singular Value Decomposition by Block Lanczos with Warm Start

Many machine learning problems are solved by algorithms that involve eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) or singular value decomposition (SVD) in each iteration. Therefore, these algorithms suffer from the high computation cost of multiple EVD/SVDs. To relieve this issue, we introduce the block Lanczos method to replace the original exact EVD/SVD in each iteration by solving it approximately, yet still at a high precision. We also propose to utilize the subspace obtained in the previous iteration to start the block Lanczos procedure. Examples of three popular problems are presented to show how our block Lanczos with warm start (BLWS) technique can be adopted to accelerate its host algorithms. Experimental results show that our BLWS technique usually accelerates its host algorithms by at least two times.
THE EFFECTS OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN IGF-1 (INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1) INJECTION ON LIVER GROWTH IN RATS

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of recombinant human (rh) IGF-1 administration on liver growth of rats. RhIGF-1 (100 ng/kg/day prepared in 0.01 M NaHCO3) was injected (s.c) daily to rats for seven days. Control groups received the same injection procedure with only 0.01 M NaHCO3. One day after the last injection, rats from both control and rhIGF-1 injected groups (n = 5 per group) were euthanized and liver tissue samples were collected (group I). Liver samples from both groups (n = 5 per group/collection day) were collected on week one (group II) and week two (group III) after the last injection. Tissue samples were immediately fixed in Bouin's solution and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections were cut into 5-6 μ thickness and stained with Crossman's triple staining method. RhIGF-1 administration increased the number and the diameter of liver epithelial cells (hepatocytes) which in turn affected the liver growth of rats.
Lectin from Canavalia brasiliensis Seeds (ConBr) Is a Valuable Biotechnological Tool to Stimulate the Growth of Rhizobium tropici in Vitro

To study the interactions between a Rhizobium tropici strain and lectins isolated from the seeds of Canavalia ensiformis (ConA) and Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr), a lectin fluorescence assay was performed. In addition, an experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of the two lectins on bacterial growth. Both lectins were found to bind to R. tropici cells, but the interactions were inhibited by D-mannose. Interestingly, only ConBr stimulated bacterial growth in proportion to the concentrations used (15.6–500 µg/mL), and the bacterial growth stimulation was inhibited by D-mannose as well. Structure/Function analyses by bioinformatics were carried out to evaluate the volume and carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) configuration of ConA and ConBr. The difference of spatial arrangement and volume of CRD may indicate the variation between biological activities of both lectins. The results suggest that ConBr could be a promising tool for studies focusing on the interactions between rhizobia and host plants.
Mobility management in hierarchical multi-hop mobile wireless networks

In this paper, we consider the mobility management in large, hierarchically organized multihop wireless networks. The examples of such networks range from battlefield networks, to emergency disaster relief and law enforcement etc. We present a novel network addressing architecture to accommodate mobility using a "home agent" concept akin to mobile IP. The performance of the mobility management scheme is investigated through simulations.
Towards a Meta-model of the Cloud Computing Resource Landscape

As Cloud Computing becomes more predominant, large scale datacenters are subject to an increasing demand for efficiency and flexibility. However, growing infrastructure management complexity and maintenance costs are becoming a hindrance to the advancement of the Cloud vision. In this paper we discuss how existing datacenter resource management approaches fail to provide infrastructure elasticity and suggest a resources provisioning architecture to fill this gap. As a first step towards implementing our targets, we present a metamodel to describe the characteristics of the Cloud landscape, emphasising on a provider’s perspective. With this meta-model we intend to introduce new modelling concepts towards facilitating the selection of optimal reconfigurations in a timely fashion.
A Review and Comparison of Methods for Recreating Individual Patient Data from Published Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves for Economic Evaluations: A Simulation Study

Background In general, the individual patient-level data (IPD) collected in clinical trials are not available to independent researchers to conduct economic evaluations; researchers only have access to published survival curves and summary statistics. Thus, methods that use published survival curves and summary statistics to reproduce statistics for economic evaluations are essential. Four methods have been identified: two traditional methods 1) least squares method, 2) graphical method; and two recently proposed methods by 3) Hoyle and Henley, 4) Guyot et al. The four methods were first individually reviewed and subsequently assessed regarding their abilities to estimate mean survival through a simulation study. Methods A number of different scenarios were developed that comprised combinations of various sample sizes, censoring rates and parametric survival distributions. One thousand simulated survival datasets were generated for each scenario, and all methods were applied to actual IPD. The uncertainty in the estimate of mean survival time was also captured. Results All methods provided accurate estimates of the mean survival time when the sample size was 500 and a Weibull distribution was used. When the sample size was 100 and the Weibull distribution was used, the Guyot et al. method was almost as accurate as the Hoyle and Henley method; however, more biases were identified in the traditional methods. When a lognormal distribution was used, the Guyot et al. method generated noticeably less bias and a more accurate uncertainty compared with the Hoyle and Henley method. Conclusions The traditional methods should not be preferred because of their remarkable overestimation. When the Weibull distribution was used for a fitted model, the Guyot et al. method was almost as accurate as the Hoyle and Henley method. However, if the lognormal distribution was used, the Guyot et al. method was less biased compared with the Hoyle and Henley method.
Visual Space Constructed by Saccade Motor Maps

How visual space is represented in the brain is an open question in neuroscience. Embodiment theories propose that spatial perception is structured by neural motor maps. Especially, maps which code the targets for saccadic eye movements contain a precise representation of external space. In this review article, we examine how modifications in saccade maps are accompanied by changes in visual space perception. Saccade adaptation, a method which systematically modifies saccade amplitudes, alters the localization of visual objects in space. We illustrate how information about saccade amplitudes is transferred from the cerebellum (CB) to the frontal eye field (FEF). We argue that changes in visual localization after adaptation of saccade maps provide evidence for a shared representation of visual and motor space.
Focal adhesion kinase is required for the spatial organization of the leading edge in migrating cells

The process of cell migration is initiated by protrusion at the leading edge of the cell, the formation of peripheral adhesions, the exertion of force on these adhesions, and finally the release of the adhesions at the rear of the cell. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is intimately involved in the regulation of this process, although the precise mechanism(s) whereby FAK regulates cell migration is unclear. We have used two approaches to reduce FAK expression in fibroblasts. Treatment of cells with FAK-specific siRNAs substantially reduced FAK expression and inhibited the spreading of fibroblasts in serum-free conditions, but did not affect the rate of spreading in the presence of serum. In contrast with the wild-type cells, the FAK siRNA-treated cells exhibited multiple extensions during cell spreading. The extensions appeared to be inappropriately formed lamellipodia as evidenced by the localization of cortactin to lamellipodial structures and the inhibition of such structures by expression of dominant-negative Rac. The wild-type phenotype was restored by reexpressing wild-type FAK in the knockdown cells, but not by expression of FAK containing a point mutation at the autophosphorylation site (FAK Y397F). In wound-healing assays, FAK knockdown cells failed to form broad lamellipodia, instead forming multiple leading edges. Similar results were obtained using primary mouse embryo fibroblasts from FAK-flox mice in which Cre-mediated excision was used to ablate the expression of FAK. These data are consistent with a role for FAK in regulating the formation of a leading edge during cell migration by coordinating integrin signaling to direct the correct spatial activation of membrane protrusion.
Adipokines, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels, and insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background/Aims Many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit insulin resistance. Adipose tissue plays an important role in insulin resistance, and adipokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and adiponectin are altered in PCOS. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), alone or in conjunction with other adipokines, is also associated with insulin resistance. We evaluated the effects of TNF-α, adiponectin, and IGFBP-3 on insulin sensitivity and the relationships among these proteins in women with PCOS. Methods We recruited 40 women with PCOS and 40 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched regular cycling women (controls). The women were divided into obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) groups. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and serum levels of TNF-α, adiponectin, and IGFBP-3 were determined. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose calculated from the oral glucose tolerance test. Results Serum levels of TNF-α and IGFBP-3 did not differ between the PCOS and control groups, but adiponectin levels in the PCOS group were lower than those in control women in the nonobese group (p < 0.05). TNF-α, adiponectin, and IGFBP-3 levels were not correlated with each other in women with PCOS, but a significant positive correlation was observed between adiponectin levels and MCR (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that adiponectin levels were significantly associated with insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05) in women with PCOS. Conclusions IGFBP-3 and TNF-α levels were not associated with insulin sensitivity, but adiponectin levels were related to insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS.
Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a novel paclitaxel‐loaded amphiphilic aminocalixarene nanoparticle platform for anticancer chemotherapy

Objectives This paper describes the development and optimization of a nanoparticle delivery platform for the anticancer agent, paclitaxel, using a novel amphiphilic carrier, tetrahexyloxy‐tetra‐p‐aminocalix[4]arene (A4C6).
Switched Opportunistic Packet Scheduling for High Speed Packet Access MIMO Systems

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for scheduling users in wireless MIMO systems. The scheduler in the base station defines a utility function for each user that depends on the user transmissible rates and the user QoS criteria. For each channel scheduling epoch, the scheduler has to resolve the maximization of a system utility concave function. This optimization needs a long time of processing, which leads to a constraint in practical implementation. In this paper, we present an alternative solution, by using a weak control on the opportunistic selection. Thus, the selected user would combine a good channel condition and a low user performance. Therefore, if the user reaches a minimum level of performance and experiences an instantaneous transmissible rate greater than a predefined threshold, he would be selected for receiving packets. If the user with the worst case performance has a transmissible rate lower than the threshold, he would be selected, if he owns the max instantaneous transmissible rate compared to other users in the same conditions. The switching between these two groups of users is defined by the result of a logical function that indicates the group of the user that has a critic performance. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm can be viewed as the opportunistic scheduling algorithm under adaptive weak control of the QoS requirements. The system used for this analysis is the downlink of a single cell. A selection of numerical results is presented to compare the proposed scheduling algorithm to other scheduling schemes.
Hallucination: Philosophy and Psychology

Reflection on the nature of hallucination has relevance for many traditional philosophical debates concerning the nature of the mind, perception, and our knowledge of the world. In recent years, neuroimaging techniques and scientific findings on the nature of hallucination, combined with interest in new philosophical theories of perception such as disjunctivism, have brought the topic of hallucination once more to the forefront of philosophical thinking. Scientific evidence from psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry sheds light on the functional role and physiology of actual hallucinations; some disjunctivist theories offer a radically new and different philosophical conception of hallucination. This volume offers interdisciplinary perspectives on the nature of hallucination, offering essays by both scientists and philosophers. Contributors first consider topics from psychology and neuroscience, including neurobiological mechanisms of hallucination and the nature and phenomenology of auditory-verbal hallucinations. Philosophical discussions follow, with contributors first considering disjunctivism and then, more generally, the relation between hallucination and the nature of experience. ContributorsIstvan Aranyosi, Richard P. Bentall, Paul Coates, Fabian Dorsch, Katalin Farkas, Charles Fernyhough, Dominic H. ffytche, Benj Hellie, Matthew Kennedy, Fiona Macpherson, Ksenija Maravic da Silva, Peter Naish, Simon McCarthy-Jones, Matthew Nudds, Costas Pagondiotis, Ian Phillips, Dimitris Platchias, Howard Robinson, Susanna Schellenberg, Filippo Varese
A similarity measure for illustration style

This paper presents a method for measuring the similarity in style between two pieces of vector art, independent of content. Similarity is measured by the differences between four types of features: color, shading, texture, and stroke. Feature weightings are learned from crowdsourced experiments. This perceptual similarity enables style-based search. Using our style-based search feature, we demonstrate an application that allows users to create stylistically-coherent clip art mash-ups.
Yokie: explorations in curated real-time search & discovery using twitter

Our research involves developing technology and techniques that apply the vast sea of real-time web data to interesting problems and topics. In this demo, we will present the on- going development of a novel real-time search and discovery service named Yokie (http://yok.ie, early technology description originally published in [1]). Yokie uses the large volume of hyperlink-laden messages on social networks like Twitter as the basis of its content and ranking systems. Curated sets of users (or "Search Parties") form the basis of sourcing the content from the networks, and the metadata of the containing messages form the basis of ranking and contextual retrieval of the hyperlinks. Each hyperlink is in- dexed with a compound set of terms from multiple tweets (should the given hyperlink be shared more than once). This indexing step is a novel example of collaborative tagging of resources. The application is live with more than 100 users, who have performed approximately 1000 queries. We will demonstrate the main techniques and novel ranking and re- trieval techniques and user features.
Heterogeneous cloud storage system for privacy

Due to the technology enhancement, many devices are mobilized and have a number of features. Current mobile devices essentially have recording functions, such as taking high-definition pictures and recording videos. The amount of data produced by these devices is huge compared to that in the past, and it is impossible to store all data in a mobile device. Thus, many people use cloud storage services to store them. However, because these data mostly contain private information, users only store data without private information in cloud storage, and personal data are in mobile devices. Hence, if users lose their devices, they lose invaluable information in a moment. Additionally, their private information may be exposed to complete strangers. In order to resolve these problems, we tried to integrate home network technology onto cloud storage, and proposed Heterogeneous Cloud Storage System which chooses the proper location of storage according to the privacy level of data. Furthermore, we made a prototype application of our proposed system and applied it to a mobile device. In conclusion, through brief implementation, the applicability and usefulness of the proposed system were confirmed.