Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring semantic query relations from collective user behavior

In this paper we describe how high quality transaction data comprising of online searching, product viewing, and product buying activity of a large online community can be used to infer semantic relationships between queries. We work with a large scale query log consisting of around 115 million queries from eBay. We discuss various techniques to infer semantic relationships among queries and show how the results from these methods can be combined to measure the strength and depict the kinds of relationships. Further, we show how this extraction of relations can be used to improve search relevance, related query recommendations, and recovery from null results in an eCommerce context.
Horizontal Propagation of Excitation in Rat Visual Cortical Slices Revealed by Optical Imaging

, 1054 (1994); 266 Science et al. MS Graziano, Coding of visual space by premotor neurons www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of December 27, 2006 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org#otherarticles , 5 of which can be accessed for free: cites 12 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org#otherarticles 39 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/help/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this article permission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining
The microtubule lattice and plus-end association of Drosophila Mini spindles is spatially regulated to fine-tune microtubule dynamics

An in vivo structure–function analysis of the Drosophila homologue Mini spindles (Msps) identified novel domains that are necessary for the interplay between the conserved TOG domains and inter-TOG microtubule (MT) binding that underlies the ability of Msps to promote MT dynamic instability.
A New View of ICA

We present a new way of interpreting ICA as a probability density model and a new way of fitting this model to data. The advantage of our approach is that it suggests simple, novel extensions to overcomplete, undercomplete and multilayer non-linear versions of ICA. 1. ICA AS A CAUSAL GENERATIVE MODEL Factor analysis is based on a causal generative model in which an observation vector is generated in three stages. First, the activities of the factors (also known as latent or hidden variables) are chosen independently from one dimensional Gaussian priors. Next, these hidden activities are multiplied by a matrix of weights (the “factor loading” matrix) to produce a noise-free observation vector. Finally, independent Gaussian “sensor noise” is added to each component of the noise-free observation vector. Given an observation vector and a factor loading matrix, it is tractable to compute the posterior distribution of the hidden activities because this distribution is a Gaussian, though it generally has off-diagonal terms in the covariance matrix so it is not as simple as the prior distribution over hidden activities. ICA can also be viewed as a causal generative model [1, 2] that differs from factor analysis in two ways. First, the priors over the hidden activities remain independent but they are non-Gaussian. By itself, this modification would make it intractable to compute the posterior distribution over hidden activities. Tractability is restored by eliminating sensor noise and by using the same number of factors as input dimensions. This ensures that the posterior distribution over hidden activities collapses to a point. Interpreting ICA as a type of causal generative model suggests a number of ways in which it might be generalized, for instance to deal with more hidden units than input dimensions. Most of these generalizations retain marginal independence of the hidden activities and add sensor noise, but fail to preserve the property that the posterior distribution collapses to a point. As Funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Gatsby Charitable Foundation. a result inference is intractable and crude approximations are needed to model the posterior distribution, e.g., a MAP estimate in [3], a Laplace approximation in [4, 5] or more sophisticated variational approximations in [6]. 2. ICA AS AN ENERGY-BASED DENSITY MODEL We now describe a very different way of interpreting ICA as a probability density model. In the next section we describe how we can fit the model to data. The advantage of our energy-based view is that it suggests different generalizations of the basic ICA algorithm which preserve the computationally attractive property that the hidden activities are a simple deterministic function of the observed data. Instead of viewing the hidden factors as stochastic latent variables in a causal generative model, we view them as deterministic functions of the data with parameters . The hidden factors are then used for assigning an energy , to each possible observation vector :
Lifetime Autism Spectrum Features in a Patient with a Psychotic Mixed Episode Who Attempted Suicide

We present a case report of a young man who attempted suicide during a mixed episode with psychotic symptoms. The patient's history revealed the lifetime presence of signs and features belonging to the autism spectrum realm that had been completely overlooked. We believe that this case is representative of an important and barely researched topic: what happens to children with nondiagnosed and nontreated subthreshold forms of autism when they grow old. The issue of early recognition of autism spectrum signs and symptoms is discussed, raising questions on the diagnostic boundaries between autism and childhood onset psychotic spectrums among patients who subsequently develop a full-blown psychotic disorder.
Rate effects on French intonation: prosodic organization and phonetic realization

Abstract This study shows that an increase in speech rate affects French intonation in both the phonetic realization of the f 0 contour and the prosodic organization of a text. The effect of rate was found to vary according to speaker and position of the speech material within the text. For two of the three speakers, an increase in rate induced a reduction in pitch range and in pitch displacements, with greater lowering of f 0 maxima than of f 0 minima. For one of these two speakers, modifications in the shape of the f 0 contour were found only in the first part of the text. For the third speaker, an increase in rate induced a reduction of pitch range only in the second part of the text, and a reduction of pitch displacements was obtained by raising the f 0 minima while keeping the maxima constant. The prosodic organization was also modified at fast rate. Speakers reduced the number of phrases by deleting or reducing the strength of prosodic boundaries. Simplification of the tonal contour was also found at fast rate with the failure to realize certain underlying tones. These results are compared to rate-based variation in the kinematics of other articulators. Evidence for a saturation effect is discussed with regard to the variation observed in the compressibility of f 0 movements at fast rate. A model of the articulation of intonation is proposed which assumes that speakers use similar strategies in controlling laryngeal/subglottal articulators and other articulators.
An image recognition method based on multiple BP neural networks fusion

With respect to the limitation of the image recognition method by single BP neural network, a new method based on multiple BP neural networks with D-S theory is proposed. By using this method to synthesize each image recognition result of single BP neural network, we can improve the performance of the image recognition. The results of the computer simulation and experiment show that the new method is effective.
Immediate atomic snapshots and fast renaming

This paper investigates a new shared-memory model called immediate atomic snapshot memor~. It is an extension of atomic snapshot memory in which a write operation in addition to ~vriting, also returns an atomic snapshot of the memory. Unlike regular atomic snapshot, immediate snapshot is guaranteed to closely follow the write operation. This model was previously used to obtain an inlpossibility result. Here we investigate its utility for the design of algorithms. We first implement the one-shot version in the read-write model. We then use the model to design a new renaming algorithm. The renaming algorithm we obtain is simple and requires at worst n cycles of one-shot immediate snapshots. Since our implementation of the oneshot immediate snapshot requires 0( nz) primitive read-write operations, we obtain an 0(n3) renanling algorithm. Currently the best renaming algorithm is exponential, Our implementation of the immediate snapshot relies on a priori knowledge of the bound on the *Work supported by NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award under grant DC R84-5 1396. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and Its date appear, and notice is given thet copying ie by permissi~n of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. 12th ACM Sympos! um on Principles on Distributed Computing, Ithaca NY @ 1993 ACM o-89791-613-l/93/0008/0041 . $ 1.50 number of snapshots to be taken. We were not able to dispense with this condition and thus were unable to obtain an implementation of the longlived object.
Studies of the expression of the cytochrome P450IA, P450IIB, and P450IIC gene family in extrahepatic and hepatic tissues.

We have studied the expression of three P-450 gene subfamilies in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues using the sensitive RNAse A protection assay. Members of the P450IA subfamily, which encodes the major methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochromes P-450, were found to be not expressed in extrahepatic tissues of untreated animals, raising the question whether these P-450 play a role in the metabolism of carcinogens in unexposed individuals. In contrast, members of the P450IIB family, some of which encode the major phenobarbital-inducible cytochromes P-450, were found to be expressed in some extrahepatic tissues of untreated rats and here most notably in the lung and in sebaceous glands. Members of the P450IIC family, which encode some constitutively expressed cytochromes P-450, were found to be expressed exclusively in the liver. ImagesFIGURE 1.FIGURE 2.FIGURE 3.
Linguistic and spatial processings in solving three-term series problem

paring sentences against pictures, and the other comparing sentences against kana letters (Japanese syllabary). First, two premises of three-term series problem were presented successively and 35 college students were asked to indicate whether three terms were ordered linearly or not. Next, they participated in the two verification tasks. Twenty-six subjects whose RT data were individually fit to one of component models for the main task were classified into linguistic or spatial group by the value of two parameters. These parameters represented very stable strategies. There was a significant association between the linguistic-spatial grouping and the RT difference between the verification tasks. Moreover, subjects with large value of parameter for spatial models took longer time to solve the sentence-kana verification task than to solve the sentence-picture verification task. It was concluded that subjects who adopted spatial strategy were good at spatial processing and that, the poorer they were at linguistic processing, the larger were their spatial parameters.
Interactive Modeling of Virtual Ecosystems

We present a novel technique for interactive, intuitive, and efficient modeling of virtual plants and plant ecosystems. Our approach is biologically-based, but shades the user from overwhelming input parameters by simplifying them to intuitive controls. Users are able to create scenes that are populated by virtual plants. Plants communicate actively with the environment and attempt to generate an optimal spatial distribution that dynamically adapts to neighboring plants, to user defined obstacles, light, and gravity. We demonstrate simulations of ecosystems composed of up to 140 trees that are computed in less than two minutes. Various phenomena previously available for non-realtime procedural approaches are created interactively, such as plants competing for space, topiary, plant lighting, virtual forests, etc. Results are aimed at architectural modeling, the entertainment industry, and everywhere that quick and fast creation of believable biological plant models is necessary.
Automated Clustering of Virtual Machines based on Correlation of Resource Usage

The recent growth in demand for modern applications combined with the shift to the Cloud computing paradigm have led to the establishment of large-scale cloud data centers. The increasing size of these infrastructures represents a major challenge in terms of monitoring and management of the system resources. Available solutions typically consider every Virtual Machine (VM) as a black box each with independent characteristics, and face scalability issues by reducing the number of monitored resource samples, considering in most cases only average CPU usage sampled at a coarse time granularity. We claim that scalability issues can be addressed by leveraging the similarity between VMs in terms of resource usage patterns. In this paper we propose an automated methodology to cluster VMs depending on the usage of multiple resources, both systemand network-related, assuming no knowledge of the services executed on them. This is an innovative methodology that exploits the correlation between the resource usage to cluster together similar VMs. We evaluate the methodology through a case study with data coming from an enterprise datacenter, and we show that high performance may be achieved in automatic VMs clustering. Furthermore, we estimate the reduction in the amount of data collected, thus showing that our proposal may simplify the monitoring requirements and help administrators to take decisions on the resource management of cloud computing datacenters.
Representations for model construction in collaborative inquiry environments

The creation and manipulation of models by learners is increasingly recognized as a potentially powerful technique within constructive learning environments. In this paper we review several existing modeling tools and examine their characteristics, such as textual or graphical representation, the primary entities they use and use of scaffolding. We find that there are differences between the representations that are used; in the way they support the collaboration process and the way in which they can elicit discussion between learners. As several researchers have shown, representational salience and representational determinism can have an important effect on thinking about a problem and also on collaboration. We argue that choosing a representation means making choices for the collaborative modeling process. To fully understand the modeling process and the collaboration process between learners, representational features of the model must be taken into account.
XMM observations of M 87. II. Abundance structure of the interstellar and intergalactic medium

Based on a detailed study of the temperature structure of the intracluster medium in the halo of M 87, abundance profiles of 7 elements, O, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe are derived. In addition, abundance ratios are derived from the ratios of line strengths, whose temperature dependences are small within the temperature range of the ICM of M 87. The abundances of Si, S, Ar, Ca and Fe show strong decreasing gradients outside 2 ' and become nearly constant within the radius at ~1.5 solar. The Fe/Si ratio is determined to be 0.9 solar with no radial gradient. In contrast, the O abundance is less than a half of the Si abundance at the center and has a flatter gradient. The Mg abundance is ~1 solar within 2 ' , which is close to stellar abundance within the same radius. The O/Si/Fe pattern of M 87 is located at the simple extension of that of Galactic stars. The observed Mg/O ratio is about 1.25 solar, which is also the same ratio as for Galactic stars. The O/Si/Fe ratio indicates that the SN Ia contribution to Si and Fe becomes important towards the center and SN Ia products have similar abundances of Si and Fe at least around M 87, which may reflect dimmer SN Ia observed in old stellar systems. The S abundance is similar to the Si abundance at the center, but has a steeper gradient. This result suggests that the S/Si ratio of SN II products is much smaller than the solar ratio.
A Bayesian model for approaching a human

With the growing need for elder care, research is focusing on robotic assistance at home. Thus, robots must navigate in cluttered, domestic, indoor environments with the purpose of interacting with a person. Here we present a behaviour based navigation model enhanced with a low level decision making process that allows the robot to approach a human in such an environment. The model has been tested on simulation and the first results show the effectiveness of the Bayesian decision making process.
Natural killer cells facilitate PRAME-specific T-cell reactivity against neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in children with an estimated 5-year progression free survival of 20–40% in stage 4 disease. Neuroblastoma actively avoids recognition by natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although immunotherapy has gained traction for neuroblastoma treatment, these immune escape mechanisms restrain clinical results. Therefore, we aimed to improve neuroblastoma immunogenicity to further the development of antigen-specific immunotherapy against neuroblastoma. We found that neuroblastoma cells significantly increase surface expression of MHC I upon exposure to active NK cells which thereby readily sensitize neuroblastoma cells for recognition by CTLs. We show that oncoprotein PRAME serves as an immunodominant antigen for neuroblastoma as NK-modulated neuroblastoma cells are recognized by PRAMESLLQHLIGL/A2-specific CTL clones. Furthermore, NK cells induce MHC I upregulation in neuroblastoma through contact-dependent secretion of IFNγ. Our results demonstrate remarkable plasticity in the peptide/MHC I surface expression of neuroblastoma cells, which is reversed when neuroblastoma cells experience innate immune attack by sensitized NK cells. These findings support the exploration of NK cells as adjuvant therapy to enforce neuroblastoma-specific CTL responses.
Patterns of attitudes and behaviour in fragmented markets

The strong correlation between consumer attitudes towards brands and the brands’ market shares or usage levels is well known. This attitudinal evidence, however, mainly relates to sectors where there are large, well established brands. This raises the question of what happens in fragmented markets where there is a proliferation of small, mostly not very well known brands. This paper investigates possible sub-patterns in a fragmented market such as wine. Neither the peculiarities of fragmented markets nor the type of measures employed seem to affect the occurrence of the known patterns. The interpretation of the findings and the managerial implications are discussed. Specifically, we suggest that knowledge of these patterns can be useful to managers for the interpretation of attitudinal statements concerning their brands compared with the competition. The results also imply that strategies aimed at raising attitudinal scores may be pointless, unless trial and usage are increased first.
Musical instrument identification: A pattern‐recognition approach

A statistical pattern‐recognition technique was applied to the classification of musical instrument tones within a taxonomic hierarchy. Perceptually salient acoustic features—related to the physical properties of source excitation and resonance structure—were measured from the output of an auditory model (the log‐lag correlogram) for 1023 isolated tones over the full pitch ranges of 15 orchestral instruments. The data set included examples from the string (bowed and plucked), woodwind (single, double, and air reed), and brass families. Using 70%/30% splits between training and test data, maximum a posteriori classifiers were constructed based on Gaussian models arrived at through Fisher multiple‐discriminant analysis. The classifiers distinguished transient from continuant tones with approximately 99% correct performance. Instrument families were identified with approximately 90% performance, and individual instruments were identified with an overall success rate of approximately 70%. These preliminary analyses compare favorably with human performance on the same task and demonstrate the utility of the hierarchical approach to classification.
Learning to Combine Kernels for Object Categorization

Kernel classifiers based on the hand-crafted image descriptors proposed in the literature have achieved state-of-the-art results in several dataset and been widely used in image classification systems. Due to the high intra-class and inter-class variety of image categories, no single descriptor could be optimal in all situations. Combining multiple descriptors for a given task is a way to improve the accuracy of the image classification systems. In this paper, we propose a filter framework “Learning to Align the Kernel to its Ideal Form(LAKIF)” to automatically learn the optimal linear combination of multiple kernels. Given the image dataset and the kernels computed on the image descriptors, the optimal kernel weight is learned before the classification. Our method effectively learns the kernel weights by aligning the kernels to their ideal forms, leading to quadratic programming solution. The method takes into account the variation of kernel matrix and imbalanced dataset, which are common in real world image categorization tasks. Experimental results on Graz-01 and Caltech-101 image databases show the effectiveness and robustness of our method.