Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Group Membership Markers for Group Identification in W eb Logs

We describe a system for automatically ranking documents bydegree of militancy , designed as a tool both for finding militant websites and prioritizing the data found. Our ranking system employs a small hand-selected vocabulary based ongroup membership markers used by insiders to identify members and member properties (us) and outsiders and threats ( them). We use the same vocabulary to build a classifier. Evaluating several ranking systems by their correlations with human judgments, we show that the best ranker uses the small us-themvocabulary, outperforming one system with a much larger vocabulary, and another with a small vocabulary chosen by Mutual Information. We confirm and extend recent results in sentiment analysis (Paltoglou and Thelwall 2010), showing that a featureweighting scheme taken from classical IR (TFIDF) produces the best ranking system; we also find, surprisingly, that adjusting these weights with SVM training, while producing a better classifier, produces a worse ranker. Increasing vocabulary size similarly improves classification (while worsening ranking). Finally, we experiment with addingusage modelsto both systems, models of how well each word’s syntactic usage pattern matches the usage pattern in a class model; this model does not benefit ranking, but increases the precision of the classifier. Our work complements and extends previous work tracking radical groups on the web (Chen 2007; Zhou et al. 2007; Burris, Smith, and Strahm 2000), which classified such sites with heterogeneous indicators, including document, vocabulary, and morphological features. The method combines elements of linguistics, machine learning, and behavioral science, and in principle can be extended to data collection aimed at any group organized for collective action.
People Processing Organizations: An Exchange Approach

This paper sets forth a framework for analyzing the role of organization-environment relations in defining the classification-disposition functions of people-processing organizations. People processing organizations are defined as attempting to achieve changes in their clients not by altering basic personal attributes, but by conferring on them a public status and relocating them in a new set of social circumstances. The paper's basic proposition is that people-processing organizations employ classification-disposition systems that reflect, in part, organizational adaptations to the constraints of their exchange relations with various market units receiving the processed clients. Using a power-dependence paradigm, variables which increase or decrease the organization's dependence on its market units are identified. The consequences of these exchange relations on the organization's classification-disposition system are then explored.
May It Fill Your Soul: Experiencing Bulgarian Music

This ethnography documents and interprets the history of folk music, song and dance in Bulgaria over a 70-year period of dramatic change. From 1920 to 1989, Bulgaria changed from a nearly medieval village society to a Stalinist-planned industrial economy to a mix of capitalist and socialist markets and cultures. In the context of this history, Rice brings Bulgarian folk music to life by focusing on the biography of the Varimezov family, including the musician Kostadin and his wife Todora, a singer. Combining interviews with his own experiences of learning how to play, sing and dance Bulgarian folk music, Rice presents a detailed account of traditional, aural learning processes in the ethnomusicological literature. Using a combination of traditionally dichotomous musicological and ethnographic approaches, Rice tells the story of how individual musicians learned their tradition, how they lived it during the pre-Communist era of family farming, how the tradition changed with industrialization brought under Communism, and finally, how it flourished and evolved in the recent, unstable political climate. This work - complete with a compact disc and musical examples - contributes not only to ethnomusicological theory and method, but also to our understanding of Slavic folklore, Eastern European anthropology and cultural processes in Socialist states.
2 . 4 GHz Fast Hopping Frequency Synthesizer By

A 2.4GHz frequency synthesizer is proposed as a part of a low cost RF front end for ISM band applications. The frequency synthesizer employed a new dual loop architecture to improve the settling time, while keeping a fine frequency resolution. With a settling time of 30µs, the frequency synthesizer is able to hop at 2k hop/s with less than 10% overhead. When utilized in a digital wireless system, the fast hopping rate is able to improve the efficient of the coding scheme and improve the performance of the system. The frequency synthesizer includes a monolithic LC tank VCO with a phase noise performance of-94.728dBc/Hz,-113.2dBc/Hz and-118dBc/Hz at 100kHz, 600kHz and 1MHz offset respectively, with an innovative varactor design, the VCO is able to achieve a tuning range of 600MHz, from 1.8GHz to 2.4GHz. When designed in a 0. 35µm CMOS technology, the synthesizer drew 40mA from a 3V supply.
Book review: The spectacular few: Prisoner radicalization and the evolving terrorist threat

There is a final conclusion readers might draw, but which Koinova did not touch, perhaps because it takes us into areas that social science cannot measure and so tends to ignore. One of these is the character of major leaders. Slobodan Miloşević was a dishonest, corrupt, and brutal leader who clung to power by encouraging the worst sort of hypernationalism. Whether he believed in it or not is hardly relevant. He probably did. This nationalism was in any case present in Serbia and had been at least since the 19th century. It resonated with the fears and bitterness created by the terrible experiences of this region during World War II, and reawakened in Yugoslavia’s last days. A leader like Nelson Mandela might just have been able to go in the opposite direction, and an earlier appreciation of Miloşević’s character by powerful Europeans and Americans might have prompted more decisive intervention at a crucial juncture. But Mandelas are rare in this world, and farsightedness by powerful international actors is not much more common.
A maternal high‐fat diet during pregnancy in rats results in a greater risk of carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors in the female offspring than exposure to a high‐fat diet in postnatal life

The association between a high‐fat diet and breast cancer risk is controversial. We hypothesized that the exposure of rats to a high‐fat diet in utero via the maternal diet would result in a greater risk of carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors than high‐fat diet exposure in postnatal life. Rats were exposed to a high‐fat diet with 40% of the energy source as safflower oil in utero (In utero group), at postnatal days 30–50 (Puberty group), postnatal days 150–170 (Adult group), postnatal days 1–230 (Postnatal group) or for their whole life from in utero (Whole group). Chow diet‐fed rats were used as the Nonexposure group. Mammary tumor incidence was significantly higher in the In utero (60%), Postnatal (61%) and Whole (91%) groups than in the Nonexposure group (32%), but there was no significant difference between the Puberty (44%), Adult (44%) and Nonexposure groups. Arachidonic acid levels were 10 times higher in mammary tumor tissue than in the normal mammary gland across all groups and were positively correlated with tumor weight. We conclude that the timing, but not the duration, of high‐fat diet exposure makes rats more susceptible to carcinogen‐induced mammary tumors and that exposure in utero to a maternal high‐fat diet during pregnancy is more important in increasing the risk of mammary tumors in the female offspring than exposure of the offspring to the same high‐fat diet later in life. © 2009 UICC
Human capital the desire to have children and family size

The possibility of using a microeconomic approach for the analysis of empirical data on fertility is investigated. The study is based on data collected in 1969-1970 in the Federal Republic of Germany. The desire to have children and the actual number of children are viewed as "the common endogenous discrete (qualitative) variable of a life-cycle planning of the family. By using the log-linear probability model it is shown that there exist significant statistical interrelationships between the level of education/training of the spouses and.marital fertility as well as the desire to have children. " (summary in ENG FRE) (EXCERPT)
Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain at work: evidence review.

There is increasing demand for evidence-based health care. Back pain is one of the most common and difficult occupational health problems, but there has been no readily available evidence base or guidance on management. There are well-established clinical guidelines for the management of low back pain, but these provide limited guidance on the occupational aspects. Occupational Health Guidelines for the Management of Low Back Pain at Work were launched by the Faculty of Occupational Medicine in March 2000. These are the first national occupational health guidelines in the UK and, as far as we are aware, the first truly evidence-linked occupational health guidelines for back pain in the world. They were based on an extensive, systematic review of the scientific literature predominantly from occupational settings or concerning occupational outcomes. The full evidence review is on the Faculty web site (www.facoccmed.ac.uk), but an abridged version is presented here to aid its dissemination.
Low antioxidant content and mutation load in mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation-related diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common clinical manifestation in patients harboring mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis with stroke-like episodes (MELAS)-specific A3243G mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. However, in some MELAS family members, the presence of mtDNA mutation in the blood is not always associated with DM, and the relationship between development of DM and A3243G mtDNA mutation is not fully understood. This study evaluated the relationship between A3243G mtDNA mutation and DM in a Taiwanese family. METHODS We analyzed the relation of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics in a 2-generation DM family associated with the A3243G mtDNA mutation. The contents of mutant mtDNA in various tissue samples of 11 family members and their serum levels of antioxidants, including protein thiols and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) were determined and correlated with their past history and various clinical manifestations. RESULTS DM in 4 members of the first and second generations was associated with age and decreased serum levels of antioxidant protein thiols. In a series of studies of mutant mtDNA content in various tissues, a relatively low proportion of A3243G mutant mtDNA was noted in the elderly proband and her elderly symptomatic siblings. A low proportion of mutant mtDNA was also noted in a younger family member presenting with DM. Moreover, a significantly lower average level of protein thiols was found in the symptomatic family members compared to the asymptomatic members (2.3 +/- 0.2 vs 3.5 +/- 0.54 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The finding of relatively lower levels of mutant mtDNA in the elderly proband and her elderly symptomatic family members indicates that DM may be a late phenotypic expression in patients harboring MELAS-specific mtDNA mutation. Decreased serum protein thiols, suggestive of increased oxidative stress, also appear to be an early sign associated with subsequent development of DM.
Intraindividual and interindividual multimodal emotion analyses in Human-Machine-Interaction

Interactive computer systems today interact nearly effortlessly with humans by menu-driven mouse- and text-based input. In case of other modalities like audio and gesture control systems still lack on flexibility. To respond appropriately, these intelligent systems require specific cues about the user's internal state. Reliable emotion recognition of technical systems is therefore an important issue in computer sciences and applications. In order to develop an appropriate methodology for emotion analyses, a multimodal study is introduced here. Audio and video signals as well as biopsychological signals of the user are applied to detect intraindividual behavioural prototypes that can be used for predictions of the user's emotional states. Additionally, interindividual differences are considered and discussed. Statistical analyses showed results in most cases with statistical significance of probability value p <; 0.05 and an effect size d >; 1.05.
The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis: A review of its biology, uses in biological control, and non-target impacts

Abstract Throughout the last century, the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) has been studied quite extensively, with topics ranging from genetics and evolution to population dynamics and applied biological control being covered. Much of the early work on H. axyridis was conducted in the native Asian range. From the 1980's to the present, numerous European and North American studies have added to the body of literature on H. axyridis. H. axyridis has recently gained attention in North America both as a biological control agent and as a pest. This literature review was compiled for two reasons. First, to assist other researchers as a reference, summarizing most of the voluminous body of literature on H. axyridis pertaining to its biology, life history, uses in biological control, and potential non-target impacts. Secondly, to be a case study on the impacts of an exotic generalist predator.
Experimental test of Landauer’s principle in single-bit operations on nanomagnetic memory bits

The minimum energy dissipated in switching a magnetic bit measured to be consistent with the Landauer limit of kBT ln(2). Minimizing energy dissipation has emerged as the key challenge in continuing to scale the performance of digital computers. The question of whether there exists a fundamental lower limit to the energy required for digital operations is therefore of great interest. A well-known theoretical result put forward by Landauer states that any irreversible single-bit operation on a physical memory element in contact with a heat bath at a temperature T requires at least kBT ln(2) of heat be dissipated from the memory into the environment, where kB is the Boltzmann constant. We report an experimental investigation of the intrinsic energy loss of an adiabatic single-bit reset operation using nanoscale magnetic memory bits, by far the most ubiquitous digital storage technology in use today. Through sensitive, high-precision magnetometry measurements, we observed that the amount of dissipated energy in this process is consistent (within 2 SDs of experimental uncertainty) with the Landauer limit. This result reinforces the connection between “information thermodynamics” and physical systems and also provides a foundation for the development of practical information processing technologies that approach the fundamental limit of energy dissipation. The significance of the result includes insightful direction for future development of information technology.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic drugs characterized by fever, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction. It has been associated with virtually all neuroleptics, including newer atypical antipsychotics, as well as a variety of other medications that affect central dopaminergic neurotransmission. Although uncommon, NMS remains a critical consideration in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with fever and mental status changes because it requires prompt recognition to prevent significant morbidity and death. Treatment includes immediately stopping the offending agent and implementing supportive measures, as well as pharmacological interventions in more severe cases. Maintaining vigilant awareness of the clinical features of NMS to diagnose and treat the disorder early, however, remains the most important strategy by which physicians can keep mortality rates low and improve patient outcomes.
Motion estimation for depth maps coding based on rendered view distortion

Incolour plus depth map 3D video, depth map is a luminance image that aids the virtual views generation. Since it is not the final image viewed by end user, the conventional depth map compression method, which minimizes the pixel errors of the depth map, introduces more distortions to the virtual rendered images. In this paper, a novel motion estimation scheme for depth map coding is proposed. By employing rendered view distortion in Rate-Distortion Optimization, the optimal Motion Vector is determined to improve the rendered views quality. An effective Lagrange multiplier is also derived. Experimental results illustrate that 34%-63% of bit can be saved comparing to the conventional motion estimation method.
In search of true reads: A classification approach to next generation sequencing data selection

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has increasingly become the backbone of transcriptomics analysis, but sequencer error causes biases in the read counts. In this paper we establish a framework for predicting true sequences from NGS data. We formulate this task as a classification problem. We define several features, such as log likelihood ratio of estimated true counts, error probability and observed count of the reads. Using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, we show that on simulated reads these features can achieve 96.35% classification accuracy in discriminating true sequences. Using this framework we provide a way for users to select sequences with a desired precision and recall for their analysis. The feature generation software and the simulated data set can be obtained from (http://seq.cbrc.jp/NGSFeatGen).
Estimating future hepatitis C morbidity, mortality, and costs in the United States.

OBJECTIVES This study estimated future morbidity, mortality, and costs resulting from hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS We used a computer cohort simulation of the natural history of HCV in the US population. RESULTS From the year 2010 through 2019, our model projected 165,900 deaths from chronic liver disease, 27,200 deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma, and $10.7 billion in direct medical expenditures for HCV. During this period, HCV may lead to 720,700 years of decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and to the loss of 1.83 million years of life in those younger than 65 at a societal cost of $21.3 and $54.2 billion, respectively. In sensitivity analysis, these estimates depended on (1) whether patients with HCV and normal transaminase levels develop progressive liver disease, (2) the extent of alcohol ingestion, and (3) the likelihood of dying from other causes related to the route of HCV acquisition. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm prior Centers for Disease Control and Prevention projections and suggest that HCV may lead to a substantial health and economic burden over the next 10 to 20 years.
Pathways to dementia: genetic predictors of cognitive and brain imaging endophenotypes in Alzheimer's disease

Vijay K Ramanan PATHWAYS TO DEMENTIA: GENETIC PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE AND BRAIN IMAGING ENDOPHENOTYPES IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a national priority, with nearly six million Americans affected at an annual cost of $200 billion and no available cure. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying AD is crucial to combat its high and rising incidence and burdens. Most cases of AD are thought to have a complex etiology with numerous genetic and environmental factors influencing susceptibility. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have confirmed roles for several hypothesized genes and have discovered novel loci associated with disease risk. However, most GWAS-implicated genetic variants have displayed modest individual effects on disease risk and together leave substantial heritability and pathophysiology unexplained. As a result, new paradigms focusing on biological pathways have emerged, drawing on the hypothesis that complex diseases may be influenced by collective effects of multiple variants – of a variety of effect sizes, directions, and frequencies – within key biological pathways. A variety of tools have been developed for pathway-based statistical analysis of GWAS data, but consensus approaches have not been systematically determined. We critically review strategies for genetic pathway analysis, synthesizing extant concepts and methodologies to guide application and future development. We then apply pathway-based approaches to complement GWAS of key AD-related endophenotypes, focusing on two early, hallmark features of disease, episodic memory impairment and brain deposition of amyloid-β. Using GWAS and pathway analysis, we confirmed the association of APOE (apolipoprotein E) and discovered additional
Functional programming using standard ML

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Diverse Vaginal Microbiomes in Reproductive-Age Women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most prevalent vaginal infectious diseases, and there are controversial reports regarding the diversity of the associated vaginal microbiota. We determined the vaginal microbial community in patients with VVC, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and mixed infection of VVC and BV using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA tags. Our results revealed for the first time the highly variable patterns of the vaginal microbiome from VVC patients. In general, the alpha-diversity results of species richness and evenness showed the following order: normal control < VVC only < mixed BV and VVC infection < BV only. The beta-diversity comparison of community structures also showed an intermediate composition of VVC between the control and BV samples. A detailed comparison showed that, although the control and BV communities had typical patterns, the vaginal microbiota of VVC is complex. The mixed BV and VVC infection group showed a unique pattern, with a relatively higher abundance of Lactobacillus than the BV group and higher abundance of Prevotella, Gardnerella, and Atopobium than the normal control. In contrast, the VVC-only group could not be described by any single profile, ranging from a community structure similar to the normal control (predominated with Lactobacillus) to BV-like community structures (abundant with Gardnerella and Atopobium). Treatment of VVC resulted in inconsistent changes of the vaginal microbiota, with four BV/VVC samples recovering to a higher Lactobacillus level, whereas many VVC-only patients did not. These results will be useful for future studies on the role of vaginal microbiota in VVC and related infectious diseases.