Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ask Your Friends for Help : Collaborative Query Answering System ( short paper )

The probability that we get help is greater if we ask a friend, rather than a stranger. On the basis of this sociological phenomenon, the innovative SocLaKE recommender system for query propagation in the social network was invented. In this paper, a general concept of the system as well as a discussion on various issues and challenges related to its application are presented.
Assessment of sexual knowledge and attitudes in an adolescent sex offender population

A total of 213 inner-city male adolescent sex offenders were administered a standardized test of sexual knowledge, attitudes, and values during an initial assessment and after participation in a 40-week group treatment program, during which 4 weekly group sessions were devoted to sex education. There was a large attrition rate. Only 127 subjects entered treatment, and of those, only 52 (40.9%) completed 70% or more of the group treatment sessions. Results indicated that subjects who completed the entire program, including pre- and posttests (n = 45), significantly shifted their sexual attitudes and values. Improvements in the knowledge portion of the test were statistically reliable only for subjects who completed all items on the test (n = 19). Results indicate that a 4-session sex education program may be too short for this population, and the findings underscore the importance of attention to individual differences in experience and capability when assessing sexual knowledge.
Audio-visual speech perception: a developmental ERP investigation

Being able to see a talking face confers a considerable advantage for speech perception in adulthood. However, behavioural data currently suggest that children fail to make full use of these available visual speech cues until age 8 or 9. This is particularly surprising given the potential utility of multiple informational cues during language learning. We therefore explored this at the neural level. The event-related potential (ERP) technique has been used to assess the mechanisms of audio-visual speech perception in adults, with visual cues reliably modulating auditory ERP responses to speech. Previous work has shown congruence-dependent shortening of auditory N1/P2 latency and congruence-independent attenuation of amplitude in the presence of auditory and visual speech signals, compared to auditory alone. The aim of this study was to chart the development of these well-established modulatory effects over mid-to-late childhood. Experiment 1 employed an adult sample to validate a child-friendly stimulus set and paradigm by replicating previously observed effects of N1/P2 amplitude and latency modulation by visual speech cues; it also revealed greater attenuation of component amplitude given incongruent audio-visual stimuli, pointing to a new interpretation of the amplitude modulation effect. Experiment 2 used the same paradigm to map cross-sectional developmental change in these ERP responses between 6 and 11 years of age. The effect of amplitude modulation by visual cues emerged over development, while the effect of latency modulation was stable over the child sample. These data suggest that auditory ERP modulation by visual speech represents separable underlying cognitive processes, some of which show earlier maturation than others over the course of development.
Glaucoma Diagnostic Accuracy of Machine Learning Classifiers Using Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Optic Nerve Data from SD-OCT

Purpose. To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning classifiers (MLCs) using retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and optic nerve (ON) parameters obtained with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Fifty-seven patients with early to moderate primary open angle glaucoma and 46 healthy patients were recruited. All 103 patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, achromatic standard automated perimetry, and imaging with SD-OCT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built for RNFL and ON parameters. Ten MLCs were tested. Areas under ROC curves (aROCs) obtained for each SD-OCT parameter and MLC were compared. Results. The mean age was 56.5 ± 8.9 years for healthy individuals and 59.9 ± 9.0 years for glaucoma patients (P = 0.054). Mean deviation values were −1.4 dB for healthy individuals and −4.0 dB for glaucoma patients (P < 0.001). SD-OCT parameters with the greatest aROCs were cup/disc area ratio (0.846) and average cup/disc (0.843). aROCs obtained with classifiers varied from 0.687 (CTREE) to 0.877 (RAN). The aROC obtained with RAN (0.877) was not significantly different from the aROC obtained with the best single SD-OCT parameter (0.846) (P = 0.542). Conclusion. MLCs showed good accuracy but did not improve the sensitivity and specificity of SD-OCT for the diagnosis of glaucoma.
Admission Hyperglycemia and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Outcomes and Potential Therapies for Diabetics and Nondiabetics

Hyperglycemia, in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, has a significant negative impact on the morbidity and mortality of patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Contemporary evidence indicates that persistent hyperglycemia after initial hospital admission continues to exert negative effects on AMI patients. There have been a number of studies demonstrating the benefit of tight glucose control in patients presenting with AMI, but a lack of convincing clinical data has led to loose guidelines and poor implementation of glucose targets for this group of patients. The CREATE-ECLA study, which hypothesized that a fixed high dose of glucose, insulin, and potassium (GIK) would change myocardial substrate utilization from free fatty acids to glucose and therefore protect ischemic myocardium, failed to demonstrate improved clinical outcomes in AMI patients. Studies that specifically investigated intensive insulin therapy, including DIGAMI-2 and HI-5, also failed to improve clinical outcomes such as mortality. There are a number of reasons that these trials may have fallen short, including the inability to reach glucose targets and inadequate power. There is now a need for a large placebo-controlled randomized trial with an adequate sample size and adherence to glucose targets in order to establish the benefit of treating hyperglycemia in patients presenting with AMI.
Interactive Videos: Plausible Video Editing using Sparse Structure Points

Video remains the method of choice for capturing temporal events. However, without access to the underlying 3D scene models, it remains difficult to make object level edits in a single video or across multiple videos. While it may be possible to explicitly reconstruct the 3D geometries to facilitate these edits, such a workflow is cumbersome, expensive, and tedious. In this work, we present a much simpler workflow to create plausible editing and mixing of raw video footage using only sparse structure points (SSP) directly recovered from the raw sequences. First, we utilize user‐scribbles to structure the point representations obtained using structure‐from‐motion on the input videos. The resultant structure points, even when noisy and sparse, are then used to enable various video edits in 3D, including view perturbation, keyframe animation, object duplication and transfer across videos, etc. Specifically, we describe how to synthesize object images from new views adopting a novel image‐based rendering technique using the SSPs as proxy for the missing 3D scene information. We propose a structure‐preserving image warping on multiple input frames adaptively selected from object video, followed by a spatio‐temporally coherent image stitching to compose the final object image. Simple planar shadows and depth maps are synthesized for objects to generate plausible video sequence mimicking real‐world interactions. We demonstrate our system on a variety of input videos to produce complex edits, which are otherwise difficult to achieve.
Modulation de la neurogénèse par la glycine

Vertebrates, from fish to man, have a membrane potential mediated in part by chloride ions (Cl-). One of the first neuronal activity during development of the zebrafish spinal cord is cell depolarisation mediated by chloride extrusion via glycinergic receptors (GlyRs) and GABAergic receptors. This depolarisation is due to the absence of chloridepotassium cotransport channel KCC2, whose expression comes later in development, creating a hyperpolarising gradient. The role of this paradoxal depolarisation period during early stages of development is still unknown. By injecting KCC2 mRNA in newly fertilised zebrafish embryos, we expressed this co-transporter channel in neurons causing glycine to hyperpolarize in early phases of development. We also directly targeted the glycine receptor (GlyR) itself by blocking its activation with a chronic treatment of Strychnine, a specific drug, and by knocking down the expression of this receptor with an antisense morpholino injection. In those three conditions (KCC2, Strychnine and GlyR KD), perturbation of neuronal activity provoked major defects in neurogenesis, particulary in development of interneurons, without affecting other types of cells like motoneurons and sensory neurons. In addition, blocking low-voltage activated calcium channels with nifedipine provoked similar phenotypes. We conclude that the early glycine-mediated depolarisation allow calcium entry, thus activating certain aspects of interneurons neurogenesis.
Measuring later health status of high risk infants: randomised comparison of two simple methods of data collection

Abstract Objective: To test two methods of providing low cost information on the later health status of survivors of neonatal intensive care. Design: Cluster randomised comparison. Setting: Nine hospitals distributed across two UK health regions. Each hospital was randomised to use one of two methods of follow up. Participants: All infants born ≤32 weeks' gestation during 1997 in the study hospitals. Method: Families were recruited at the time of discharge. In one method of follow up families were asked to complete a questionnaire about their child's health at the age of 2 years (corrected for gestation). In the other method the children's progress was followed by clerks in the local community child health department by using sources of routine information. Results: 236 infants were recruited to each method of follow up. Questionnaires were returned by 214 parents (91%; 95% confidence interval 84% to 97%) and 223 clerks (95%; 86% to 100%). Completed questionnaires were returned by 201 parents (85%; 76% to 94%) and 158 clerks (67%; 43% to 91%). Most parents found the forms easy to complete, but some had trouble understanding the concept of “corrected age” and hence when to return the form. Community clerks often had to rely on information that was out of date and difficult to interpret. Conclusion: Neither questionnaires from parents nor routinely collected health data are adequate methods of providing complete follow up data on children who were born preterm and required neonatal intensive care, though both methods show potential. What is already known on this topic Outcome of neonatal intensive care should include later health status not just early mortality Although these data are commonly sought, for various reasons no existing routine system currently delivers the information for ≥95% of the population (95% representing the minimum acceptable standard) Running one-off studies to gain later follow up data is difficult and costly What this study adds Potentially these data could come from parents but to reach 95% ascertainment perhaps 5-10% of parents would require help and support to provide information Existing data flows may be able to provide the required information if the timing of routine reviews and methods of data recording were harmonised across the United Kingdom The costs attached to introducing such a system seem to be low
Role-Based Viewing for Secure Collaborative Modeling

Information security and assurance are new frontiers for collaborative design. In this context, information assurance (IA) refers to methodologies to protect engineering information by ensuring its availability, confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, authentication, access control, etc. In collaborative design, IA techniques are needed to protect intellectual property, establish security privileges and create “need to know” protections on critical features. Aside from 3D watermarking, research on how to provide IA to distributed collaborative engineering teams is largely non-existent. This paper provides a framework for information assurance within collaborative design, based on a technique we call role-based viewing. Such role-based viewing is achieved through integration of multi-resolution geometry and security models. 3D models are geometrically partitioned, and the partitioning is used to create multi-resolution mesh hierarchies. Extracting a model suitable for access rights for individual actors within a collaborative design environment is driven by an elaborate access control mechanism.
The genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that almost certainly represents the common outcome of multiple causal pathways and it is now generally accepted that genetic factors make a significant contribution to these pathways. Behavioral studies suggest a heritability of approximately 0.76. While molecular genetic approaches have identified a range of potential candidate genes, it is now clear that the genetics of ADHD are characterized by a number of genes each of which makes a small but significant contribution to the overall risk. Several genome-wide linkage studies have been conducted and, although there are considerable differences in findings between studies, several regions have been supported across several studies (bin 16.4, 5p13, 11q22–25, 17p11). The contribution of several candidate genes has been supported by meta-analyses (DRD4, DRD5, DAT1, HTR1B and SNAP25). Genome-wide association scans are starting to appear but have not yet had sufficient power to produce conclusive results. Gene–environment interactions, which are as yet relatively understudied, are likely to be of importance in fully understanding the role of genes in ADHD and will be discussed.
Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in the Management of Compulsive Sex Behaviour

The aim of the study is to evaluate the existence of compulsive sex behaviour, emotional states such as anxiety and depression and to evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in the group format. Twelve men with a mean age of 28 years, who gave consent, were screened out for compulsive sex behaviour i.e. depression and anxiety. They were subjected to the Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy program of 12 sessions. They were tracked on three different scales (Sexual Compulsivity Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory II and State -Trait Anxiety Scale) for their emotional status of anxiety, depression and compulsive sex behaviour. Negative assumptions and core attributions related to their dysfunction in the area of academics, finances, relationships, physical health and compulsive sex behaviour were drawn using Semi Structured interview. Ten men participated in the entire Cognitive Behaviour Therapy program. The outcome variables were Compulsive Sexual behaviours, anxiety, depression and their impact in the domains of physical health, relationships, finance and academics. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy was found to be effective in stabilizing their emotional states of depression and anxiety and learning of effective coping skills.
Social Change, the Social Organization of Families, and Fertility Limitation1

The social organization of the family is a key link between macrolevel social change and individual‐level childbearing behavior. The family mode of organization framework and life course perspective are used to develop hypotheses about these links. To test those hypotheses, the analysis uses a combination of life history and neighborhood history measures designed explicitly for this purpose. Results from fully dynamic multilevel hazard models demonstrate both childhood and adult community contexts shape childbearing in independent ways. The results implicate a variety of specific mechanisms linking social change to fertility behavior: cost‐benefit analysis, ideational diffusion, and long‐term personality development. The results also show contextual characteristics at multiple points in the life course may each exert independent effects on individual outcomes.
Preliminary Validation in Spanish of a Scale Designed to Measure Motivation in Physical Education Classes: The Perceived Locus of Causality (PLOC) Scale

The purpose of this paper was to validate the Spanish version of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC; Goudas, Biddle, & Fox, 1994). To achieve this, two studies with samples of 1535 and 400 physical education students, of ages 12 to 17 years, were carried out. The psychometric properties of the PLOC were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory factor analysis, factor invariance, correlation among factors, reliability (Cronbach's alpha), temporal stability (test-retest), and criterion validity. The results partially supported the five-factor structure. This structure was invariant across the two study samples. Correlations among the subscales indicated a simplex pattern, supporting construct validity of the scale. Alpha values over . 70 (except for introjected regulation) and high temporal stability (intra-class correlation coefficient = .83 to .90) over a four-week period were obtained. The mastery-approach goal positively predicted self-determined motivation, whereas the performance-avoidance goal predicted it negatively. Future studies should continue to analyze the psychometric properties of the PLOC, as the validation of an instrument should be an ongoing process. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar la versión española de la Escala del Locus Percibido de Causalidad (PLOC) de Goudas, Biddle y Fox (1994). Para ello, se llevaron a cabo dos estudios con muestras de 1535 y 400 alumnos en clases de educación física, edades entre 12 y 17 años. Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la PLOC por medio de análisis factoriales confirmatorios, análisis de la invarianza factorial, análisis de correlaciones entre factores, fiabilidad a través del alfa de Cronbach, estabilidad temporal test-retest y validez de criterio. Los resultados ofrecieron un apoyo parcial a la estructura de cinco factores. Esta estructura se mostró invariante entre las dos muestras de estudio. Las correlaciones entre las subescalas indicaron un modelo simplex que apoya la validez de constructo de la escala. Se obtuvieron valores alfa de Cronbach superiores a . 70, salvo para la regulación introyectada, y altos niveles de estabilidad temporal (coeficiente de correlación intra-clase = .83 a .90) en un periodo de cuatros semanas. La meta de aproximación-maestría predijo positivamente la motivación autodeterminada, mientras que la meta de evitación-rendimiento lo hizo de forma negativa. Futuros trabajos deberán continuar analizando las propiedades psicométricas de la PLOC, puesto que la validación de un instrumento debe ser un proceso continuado.
Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Preserves the Glomerular Capillary Permeability Barrier to Protein

Overproduction of superoxide (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{{\bar{{\cdot}}}}\) \end{document}) occurs in glomerular disease and may overwhelm the capacity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), thereby intensifying oxidant injury by \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{{\bar{{\cdot}}}}\) \end{document} and related radical species that disrupt the glomerular capillary permeability barrier to protein. We examined the efficacy of the SOD mimetic tempol in preserving glomerular permeability to protein using 1) a rat model of glomerular immune injury induced by an antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM), and 2) isolated rat glomeruli in which injury was induced by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). To induce glomerular immune injury, rats received anti-GBM using a protocol that results in prominent infiltration of glomeruli by macrophages and in which macrophage-derived TNFα has been shown to mediate albuminuria. To increase glomerular capillary permeability to albumin (Palb) ex vivo, isolated glomeruli were incubated with TNFα at concentrations (0.5–4.0 μg/ml) known to stimulate \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{{\bar{{\cdot}}}}\) \end{document} production. Increments in Palb were detected by measuring changes in glomerular volume in response to an applied oncotic gradient. Significant increases in the urine excretion of albumin and F2α-isoprostane were observed in rats with glomerular immune injury without a significant change in systolic blood pressure. Tempol treatment significantly reduced urine isoprostane and albumin excretion. In isolated glomeruli, TNFα increased Palb and tempol abrogated this effect, both in a dose-dependent manner. These observations indicate that SOD mimetics can preserve the glomerular permeability barrier to protein under conditions of oxidative stress from \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{{\bar{{\cdot}}}}\) \end{document} production.
Self concept and self esteem: factors in adolescent pregnancy.

To determine the importance of unwed mothers perceptions of themselves (self concept) and their perceptions of how they are viewed by others (self esteem) comparisons were made between their self perceptions and norms for the general population and results of previous studies. Results indicate that self concept and self esteem might be important factors in adolescent unwanted pregnancies. Comparison of data with previous studies revealed some statistically significant differences in demographic and subjective variables. An intervention program is proposed based on sexual responsibility through education of adolescents at identifiable stages of child development. (authors)
Answering definitional question by dependency-based knowledge

Most current systems apply flat pattern and flat centroid words, which are extracted only by relative position to question target, to identify definition sentences. In contrast to the flat knowledge, we propose dependency-based knowledge, including dependency pattern and dependency centroid word, which are extracted by dependency relation to question target. Specifically, we use the improved ultraconservative online algorithm, binary margin infused relaxed algorithm (MIRA), to estimate the weight of each dependency knowledge for the task of candidate sentences ranking. We demonstrate that the dependency-based knowledge is more effective than the flat knowledge. Meanwhile, we also show that our definitional question answering system outperforms the state-of-the-art systems on recent TREC data.