Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

PURPOSE Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is related to premature mortality, the relationship between sedentary behaviors and mortality has not been fully explored and may represent a different paradigm than that associated with lack of exercise. We prospectively examined sitting time and mortality in a representative sample of 17,013 Canadians 18-90 yr of age. METHODS Evaluation of daily sitting time (almost none of the time, one fourth of the time, half of the time, three fourths of the time, almost all of the time), leisure time physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption was conducted at baseline. Participants were followed prospectively for an average of 12.0 yr for the ascertainment of mortality status. RESULTS There were 1832 deaths (759 of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 547 of cancer) during 204,732 person-yr of follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was a progressively higher risk of mortality across higher levels of sitting time from all causes (hazard ratios (HR): 1.00, 1.00, 1.11, 1.36, 1.54; P for trend <0.0001) and CVD (HR:1.00, 1.01, 1.22, 1.47, 1.54; P for trend <0.0001) but not cancer. Similar results were obtained when stratified by sex, age, smoking status, and body mass index. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates per 10,000 person-yr of follow-up were 87, 86, 105, 130, and 161 (P for trend <0.0001) in physically inactive participants and 75, 69, 76, 98, 105 (P for trend = 0.008) in active participants across sitting time categories. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a dose-response association between sitting time and mortality from all causes and CVD, independent of leisure time physical activity. In addition to the promotion of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and a healthy weight, physicians should discourage sitting for extended periods.
A Simulation Platform for SRAM-TCAM Based Memory Architectures

The increasing demand for high speed and low power memory systems has led to the introduction of Ternary Content Addressable Memories to cache architectures , because of their ability to store the don’t care va lue in addition to 1’s and 0’s. However, existing simulato r platforms have been built to support SRAM and DRAM based memo ry models. In this paper, we present a platform that e nables the simulation of these emerging cache architectures us ed in memory systems. We also describe the handling of ca che replacement because of their vital role in cache pe rformance. For experimentation and evaluation of the new simul ator platform, we ran simulations on SPEC 2006 benchmark s and compared results against an equally configured conv entional cache to confirm no loss in cache performance.
“Kissing a Baby Is Not at All Good for Him”: Infant Mortality, Medicine, and Colonial Modernity in the U.S.‐Occupied Philippines

Feminist scholars have begun to consider the ways indigenous practices of child rearing were and are challenged in (post)colonial discourse and practice, and how these practices have become a terrain on which definitions of nation, state, and economy are contested. In this article, I adopt a historical anthropological approach to consider how Filipino child-rearing strategies were described and stigmatized in educational, public health, and public welfare discourses in the U.S.-occupied Philippines in the early 20th century. I demonstrate how public health practices and discourses that were generated as part of a “benevolent” campaign against high rates of infant mortality were strategically used as a weapon against Filipino arguments for independence. I also consider how discourses constructing Filipino caregivers as overly indulgent were linked to metropolitan concerns about production of the “new industrial man” and were used to develop a racialized critique of the cultural practices of Filipinos.
Collaborating with ‘virtual strangers’: Towards developing a framework for leadership in distributed teams

The current study qualitatively explores emergent leadership themes within distributed teams in a large international Fortune 500 organization. Sixteen employees across different organizational sites were interviewed about experiences in both collocated and distributed teams. Previous research has typically highlighted how these teams fall on a continuum of virtuality, from purely face-to-face to entirely distributed, as well as emphasizing the importance of distributed team leaders using technology to create a virtual presence along this continuum. In addition, extant research emphasizes that leadership functions may need to vary depending on the geographic and temporal dispersion of the team. Consistent with traditional leadership theories, our findings suggest that distributed team leaders play an important role both in structuring group tasks and supporting socio-emotional group processes, and these functions vary by team distribution level. The idea that distributed teams are particularly conducive to more non-traditional forms of leadership also appeared as a consistent theme.
Institutional Values of Managed Mental Health Care: Efficiency or Oppression?

The authors suggest that many managed mental health care (MMHC) practices have oppressive effects on members of cultural and ethnic minority groups. They examine the dissonance between institutional practices and cultural traditions that reflect insensitivity and forced conformity, particularly regarding time, pace, and intervention uniformity as applied to clients and commonly required in the MMHC industry. Los autores sugieren que muchas practicas del cuidado administrado de la salud mental (MMHC, por sus siglas en ingles) tienen efectos opresivos sobre los miembros de grupos de minorias etnicas y culturales. Examinan tambien la disonancia entre practicas institucionales y tradiciones culturales que reflejan insensibilidad y una conformidad forzada, sobre todo en lo referente a tiempo, ritmo y uniformidad de intervencion tal y como se aplica a clientes y normalmente requeridos por la industria de MMHC.
Human myeloma: Several subsets of circulating lymphocytes express plasma cell‐associated antigens

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 9 monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 27 multiple myelomas (MM) were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) that recognize B and T lymphocytes and plasma cells. No difference in the percentage of B lymphocytes, identified by B1 and B4 MoAb, was observed in MGUS and MM patients versus normal controls. However, high percentages of circulating lymphocytes expressing plasma cell‐associated antigens were detected in MM (HAN‐PC1 + = 29.4 ± 20.4%; TEC‐T10+ = 27.8 ± 19.2%) whereas they were in the normal range in MGUS (HAN‐PC1 + = 8.8 ± 5.8% p = 0.006; TEC‐T10+ = 5.7 ± 4.7% p<0.001). Almost identical results were obtained using PCA‐1 MoAb in 17 of these patients. TEC‐T10+ and PCA‐1 + lymphocytes were sorted and re‐analyzed with phycoerythrin conjugated MoAb in 3 healthy subjects, 2 MGUS, and 4 MM patients. In normal subjects and in MGUS the majority of PCA‐1 + cells belonged to the B lineage (Leu 2‐, Leu3‐, Leu 15‐, HLA‐Dr +), whereas the majority of TEC‐T10+ cells are represented by activated T cells and NK cells (Leu 15 +). In MM an abnormal expansion of T lymphocytes was chiefly responsible for the high values of lymphocytes expressing plasma cell‐associated antigens. Moreover, in MM a clinical evaluation showed a correlation between the presence of these lymphocytes and an aggressive disease. Indeed, they can be considered a useful prognostic marker.
Uniform Global Asymptotic Stability of Networked Control Systems affected with packet dropouts and scheduling issues

We focus on Networked Control Systems where the network induces two communication issues: one of them is packet dropouts while the other is scheduling. To mitigate the corresponding undesirable effects, such as instability or deteriorated performance, we use a protocol and controller co-design method. In particular, we adopt a deterministic Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework. We establish Uniform Global Asymptotic Stability (UGAS) by assuming a finite bound on the number of consecutive packet dropouts and appropriate modifications to standard MPC stability-related assumptions. We show UGAS through finding an appropriate Lyapunov candidate function.
Current Developments in the Assessment of Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Visual Reasoning, and Short-Term Memory. (Thorndike, Hagen, & Sattler, 1986) A Fifth edition of the Stanford-Binet is scheduled for release in 2003. It will have Nonverbal and Verbal domains with five factors of Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory for each of the domains. (Roid, 2002) Very little research has been done with the SB4 as a specific assessment tool for ADHD. Its value in a total battery would be to obtain a general measure of academic potential. In my own practice I prefer to use the WJ-III Tests of Cognitive Abilities. (Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2000) I find that it has greater prescriptive utility than other instruments. The broadest score is the General Intellectual Ability (GIA). This is a broad measure of general intellectual ability as would be required for academic or occupational success. Three broad cognitive clusters are identified: Verbal Ability, Thinking Ability and Cognitive Efficiency. Verbal Ability is a broad category of language based acquired knowledge and the ability to communicate that knowledge. Thinking Ability includes long-term retrieval, visual-spatial thinking, auditory processing and fluid reasoning. The cluster represents an aggregate of the abilities that allow an individual to process information that has been placed in short-term memory, but cannot be processed automatically. Cognitive Efficiency is a broad cluster of skills that sample automatic cognitive processing, processing speed and short-term memory. Cognitive efficiency represents the capacity of the student’s cognitive system to process information automatically. I have found in many ADHD students that their Cognitive Efficiency score is significantly lower than their Verbal and Thinking Abilities scores. The measures of cognitive efficiency require a student to perform under the pressure of time, whereas the other tasks do not have obvious time limits. The differences are sometimes quite dramatic. There are also a number of cognitive performance cluster scores for the WJ-III. Often some combination of Cognitive Efficiency, Long-term Retrieval, Processing Speed, Short-Term Memory, Working Memory, Broad Attention, and Cognitive Fluency will be significantly lower than the other scores. Most often I see low scores in Processing Speed which seems to relate to the problems many ADHD students have in handwriting or in completing written assignments in an efficient manner. Another characteristic I have seen in the WJ-III occurs when rating scale scores show mostly impulsive-hyperactive DSM-IV characteristics. In this case, the WJ-III cluster scores will tend to be average or higher. There will be no evidence of problems in the areas described above. The interpretation is that the student is able to maintain concentration, inhibit distractions, and succeed in tasks requiring working memory, but has trouble with the self-control that accompanies the hyperactive-impulsive type of
Gaucher disease with oculomotor apraxia and cardiovascular calcification

To the Editor: I read with interest the article by Bohlega et al.1 on four juvenile Saudi Arabian siblings with glucocerebrosidase deficiency due to homozygous D409H (1342C) mutation, who manifested fatal cardiovascular calcification and corneal opacities in addition to a slight manifestation of the cardinal features of classic Gaucher disease with oculomotor apraxia. I concur with their patient diagnosis, based on enzyme assays of cultured fibroblast, ultrastructural study, and molecular analysis. However, their review for this unique syndrome appears inaccurate. In 1992, we delineated a new syndrome associated with glucocerebrosidase deficiency in three adult Japanese siblings, clinically characterized by communicating hydrocephalus, corneal opacities, deafness, valvular heart disease with calcification, and deformed toes.2 The common manifestation of classic Gaucher disease was faint, but early onset supranuclear gaze palsies were evident. Autopsy revealed marked leptomeningeal thickening with perivascular fibrosis, calcified aortic and mitral stenosis with fibrosis, and a slight infiltration of Gaucher cells in the reticuloendothelial organs. This unique phenotype was accorded a designation as Gaucher-like disease (MIM 231005) in McKusick’s catalog,3 …
A Sustainability Geoscope: Defining an Integrated Information Base for Interdisciplinary Modelling of Global Change

The 21st century will be characterized by global change at an unprecedented scale. Human activity on the planet has reached a dimension which alters the earth system as a whole, mainly as a combination of population growth, resource use, waste disposal, and technological advances. In order to meet the challenges of global change, human society has to develop a more comprehensive global information base to guide informed economic, social and environmental action in a transition to sustainability. An emerging sustainability science and its cross-disciplinary theoretical concepts will require more integrated data sets and modeling tools to provide systematic, structured analyses of global change issues. Integrated modeling efforts will contribute to bridging the traditional gaps between natural and social sciences, and this will in turn raise the demand for data of a new quality, especially in economics and social sciences. At the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) recently the idea of a “Sustainability Geoscope” has evolved. The Geoscope will provide a framework for an observation and monitoring system on a global scale, comprising economic, social, environmental and institutional issues. Data sources will be a combination of satellite remote sensing with on-the-ground observations. The objective of this paper is to present the Geoscope idea and discuss possible connections and mutual benefits with recent efforts in global economic data collection and analysis.
New concepts in necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an overwhelming gastrointestinal emergency that primarily afflicts premature infants born weighing less than 1500 g. Despite years of investigation, the etiology remains unclear, and accepted prevention and treatment strategies are lacking. Studies published over the last year have provided new insight into several aspects of this complex disease. In this review, novel information is presented on (1) the epidemiology; (2) methods of early diagnosis, such as abdominal magnetic resonance imaging; (3) the importance of risk factors, including assessment of feeding strategies and role of bacterial colonization; (4) the pathophysiology, highlighting experimental and clinical trials evaluating the role of inflammatory mediators and growth factors on the disease; (5) preventive strategies, such as anaerobic bacterial supplementation; and (6) surgical interventions, including peritoneal drainage. Understanding some of these important aspects of necrotizing enterocolitis may help improve the outlook of patients with this dreaded disease. Although the incidence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and the mortality stemming from this disease have not significantly improved over the last 30 years, there is exciting new information that may significantly improve the outlook of patients with this overwhelming intestinal emergency in the near future.
Laurie Bauer,Rochelle Lieber &Ingo Plag, The Oxford reference guide to English morphology .Oxford:Oxford University Press,2013. Pp. x + 691.

Who, investigating English morphology, if not word formation more generally, does not owe some, and often a large debt, to Hans Marchand’s The Categories and Types of Present-day English Word-formation (first published in 1960, the second revised and enlarged edition usually referred to published in 1969)? As explained by Pennanen (1971: 9), it took in the study of ‘the vast subject of wordformation . the decisive step from the traditional diachronic-comparative to a synchronic descriptive treatment’, and, according to Štekauer (2000: 29), derived its importance from two key characteristics; ‘[f]irst, it delimited wordformation as a linguistic discipline of its own, and secondly, . drawing on the structuralist traditions . , it provided an account of many fundamental problems of word-formation in English in a systematic and comprehensive way’. Here, now, is its successor, and more. The three authors of this new The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology (henceforth: ORGEM), Laurie Bauer of Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, Rochelle Lieber of the University of New Hampshire, and Ingo Plag of Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf in Germany, merrily smiling at the reader from the book’s dustjacket, observe in their earliest sentences that ‘there is no single-volume work that focuses on the current state of English morphology’ and that therefore their aim will be ‘to fill that gap by offering a comprehensive descriptive overview of English morphology’. Acknowledging their predecessor, they intend to do more than simply revisit Marchand’s territory. His ‘milestone monograph . [w]ritten over forty years ago, [is] inevitably dated: we would expect that there is much that is new to say about the state of English morphology in the second decade of the twenty-first century’. They aim at reaching these goals by invoking modern technological tools because ‘our ability to find an manipulate data has improved considerably with the development of vast computerized corpora’ (3). Ambitiously, they extend the descriptive overview with a discussion of the theoretical challenges that are posed by the morphological phenomena described (something Marchand was unable to do, of course). Compared to Marchand and other work, such as Adams (2001), inflection is newly included. Different varieties of English are addressed. Some areas are excluded, a ‘comprehensive J. Linguistics 50 (2014), 705–767. © Cambridge University Press 2014
Working hours and psychological health among Japanese restaurant services workers

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the number of working hours and psychological health among restaurant services workers compared to office workers in the restaurant industry. Research participants are 1,107 workers in restaurant services. Analyses of variance were performed to test the association of negative emotions, fatigue, and concentration/activity levels, measured by the “subjective symptoms” subscale of the self-diagnosis check list for assessment of worker’s accumulated fatigue, as dependent variables, and occupation (services worker vs. office worker) and number of working hours per day (“8 h or less”, “8 to 10 h”, “10 to 12 h”, or “12 h or more”) as independent variables. There was a significant main effect of the number of working hours on negative emotions and concentration/activity levels, suggesting that long working hours were associated with a high level of negative emotions and low concentration/activity levels. The interaction between number of working hours and occupation had a significant effect on fatigue. Post hoc comparisons in each occupation indicated that the fatigue scores in each working-hour group were significantly different among service workers. Reducing the number of working hours is essential to maintain employees’ health, especially restaurant services workers’ subjective fatigue.
The Influence of Climate Change on Global Crop Productivity1

Climate trends over the past few decades have been fairly rapid in many agricultural regions around the world, and increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) levels have also been ubiquitous. The virtual certainty that climate and CO2 will continue to trend in the future raises many questions related to food security, one of which is whether the aggregate productivity of global agriculture will be affected. We outline the mechanisms by which these changes affect crop yields and present estimates of past and future impacts of climate and CO2 trends. The review focuses on global scale grain productivity, notwithstanding the many other scales and outcomes of interest to food security. Over the next few decades, CO2 trends will likely increase global yields by roughly 1.8% per decade. At the same time, warming trends are likely to reduce global yields by roughly 1.5% per decade without effective adaptation, with a plausible range from roughly 0% to 4%. The upper end of this range is half of the expected 8% rate of gain from technological and management improvements over the next few decades. Many global change factors that will likely challenge yields, including higher O3 and greater rainfall intensity, are not considered in most current assessments.
The Hawkish Dove: Evolution and the Logic of Political Behaviour

In a previous issue of this journal, Adam Goodwin (2010) argued that applications of ‘orthodox’ evolutionary theory in international relations are reductionist, necessarily privilege an individualist ontology, and doom social theorising to the false assumption that humans are by nature selfish and competitive. As an alternative, Goodwin presents Kropotkin’s Mutual Aid framework both for overcoming the reductionism of ‘orthodox’ evolutionary theory and for establishing a holist ontology cantered around the autonomy of social forms. I argue that Goodwin’s representation of ‘orthodox’ evolutionary theory is in fact far from orthodoxy and instead rests on misunderstandings both of how natural selection operates and what it operates to produce – adaptations. I show that modern evolutionary theory rests on neither individualist nor holist ontologies, and instead demonstrates that humans are by nature neither hawkish nor dovish. I provide examples on the evolution of cooperation and war to demonstrate that modern evolutionary theory can explain a range of pro- and anti-social behaviours and that fears of biological reductionism in international relations are misplaced.
Introducing Heterogeneity in Performance Analysis of P2P Networks for File Distribution

Peer-to-Peer networks have been widely used for file sharing and file distribution. This technical report investigates the performances that can be obtained in a system where two classes of users are present. The study introduces a set of scheme that can be used with different distribution architectures and evaluates the performances that can be obtained with each scheme. Results show that, when we consider heterogeneity, performances may not negatively be affected with respect to the case of single class of users.