Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structures of Curriculum Governance and Classroom Practice in Mathematics

It is widely believed that the patterns of curriculum governance within educational systems have significant effects on the consistency of content coverage and, as a result, on “standards” across a system. In one of the few empirical studies testing this belief, Stevenson and Baker (1991) found, using the grade 8 data from the 1EA Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS), that countries with greater central (state) control over the curriculum show less variation in content coverage of the mathematics being taught than do countries with less central control. This study re-examines Stevenson and Baker’s findings using the SIMS data sets but, instead of “country,” uses “course” as the unit of analysis. Cross-national, course-level analyses of both the SIMS grade 8 and grade 12 data found no consistent relationship between patterns of curriculum governance and consistency of teacher coverage of mathematics content. Instead between-course coverage patterns appear to reflect transcultural conceptions of the nature of a course, e.g., algebra at grade 8 and calculus at grade 12 and interactions between the conceptions of the content of the areas making up a course and teachers’ and/or cultural assumptions about students’ aptitudes.
Dictionary learning in convolutional sparse representation

In this paper, we present a new convolution form based on dictionary learning and study its sparse version based on Convolution Dictionary Learning (CDL). An effective algorithm for learning sparse convolution features is proposed by combining Alternating Direction Multiplier Method (ADMM) and Fast Iterative Shrinkage Threshold Algorithm (FISTA). Through numerical experiments, we show that the proposed algorithm can not only lead to faster convergence speed, but also produce better sparse features.
Io’s Volcanic Activity and Atmosphere

Driven by tidal heating, Io’s extreme volcanism has created a young, impact crater–free surface dominated by hundreds of active volcanic centres. From these volcanoes erupt voluminous, low-viscosity, high-temperature silicate lavas. Volcanic plumes, from venting gas and mobilised surface ices (primarily SO2 and S), contribute to Io’s thin atmosphere. Away from volcanoes, SO2 ice on the surface alternately sublimes during the daytime and condenses during eclipses and at night, resulting in a strong day/night atmospheric dichotomy. Sunlight and radiation bombardment at high altitude breaks the gas molecules apart, leading to the formation of SO, O, O2, S, K, Na, and Cl. These atoms reside as both neutral and charged particles in clouds that are found along Io’s orbit around Jupiter.
Delay-dependent robust dissipative filtering of stochastic genetic regulatory networks with time-varying delays

This study deals with the problem of delay-dependent dissipative filtering for genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with norm-bounded parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays. It is assumed that the non-linear function describing the feedback regulation satisfies the sector-bounded condition. Improved delay-dependent stochastic stability and filter design method for stochastic GRNs are obtained by applying the delay fractioning technique, Jensen inequalities and introducing some proper slack matrix variables. The conservatism caused by either model transformation or bounding techniques is reduced. Sufficient conditions of the robust stability and filtering problems are proposed, respectively. The filter, which can guarantee the resulting error system to be asymptotically stable in the mean-square sense and satisfy a prescribed performance level for all delays no larger than a given upper bound, are constructed. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed results in this study.
Effect of HUFA in Enriched Artemia on Growth Performance, Biochemical and Fatty Acid Content, and Hepatopancreatic Features of Penaeus vannamei Postlarvae from a Commercial Shrimp Hatchery in Santa Elena, Ecuador

A 12-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Artemia enrichment with two experimental microalgal emulsions (formulated with selected fatty acid contents) on Penaeus vannamei postlarvae. For this purpose, 405,000 postlarvae (stage 1) were obtained from a commercial hatchery in Santa Elena, Ecuador, and distributed into nine fiberglass tanks. Postlarvae were fed for 12 days with three experimental diets (three tanks per treatment): treatment A (Artemia enriched with experimental microalgal emulsion A and dry diet), treatment B (Artemia enriched with experimental microalgal emulsion B and dry diet) and nonenriched Artemia (Artemia without enrichment and dry diet). At the end of the experiment, length (mm), coefficient of variation of population sizes, number of postlarvae in a gram of weight (PL-gram), biochemical composition, fatty acid profile, hepatopancreas perimeter, and histopathological hepatopancreas status of P. vannamei postlarvae (stage 12) were analyzed. To evaluate the status of the hepatopancreas, a categorization range (1–5) was created with different histological parameters such as number of B cells, vesicles around them, healthy tubules, and degradation tissues. Growth traits did not present differences between treatments; total length was 10.17 mm, 10.83 mm, and 10.27 mm for treatment A, treatment B, and nonenriched treatment, respectively, and PL-gram was 141.00, 162.00, and 142.33 for treatment A, treatment B, and nonenriched treatment, respectively. Biochemical composition of postlarvae (lipids, ash, and protein content) did not present differences between the three treatments. Significant differences were observed in the content of three essential fatty acids (DHA, DPA, and ARA) in Penaeus vannamei postlarvae fed with Artemia enriched with experimental emulsions. Thus, DHA content was significantly superior in animals fed with Artemia enriched with treatments A and B (9.80 ± 0.71% and 9.75 ± 0.44%, respectively) than in animals fed with unenriched Artemia (5.78 ± 0.68) (P < 0.05). Concerning arachidonic acid (ARA), treatments A and B showed 3.31 ± 0.20% and 3.19 ± 0.09%, respectively, higher than postlarvae fed with unenriched Artemia, 2.73 ± 0.04% (P < 0.05). Regarding DPA content, treatments A and B reported higher values of MA and MB (0.81 ± 0.06% and 0.86 ± 0.08%, respectively), than unenriched Artemia (0.43 ± 0.02%) (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the increase in DHA, DPA, and ARA contents in postlarvae coincided with the increase in hepatopancreas perimeter. In addition, a large number of B cells, a large number of healthy tubules, increased dilatation of the central tube, and a lower percentage of deteriorated tissue were observed in the hepatopancreas when postlarvae were fed with enriched Artemia.
Impact of Work-Related Stress on Japanese Medical Professionals Employees' Psychological Well-Being

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of occupational stress caused by job stress factors, working relationships and physical working conditions on the psychological well-being of medical professionals in hospitals in Japan. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Results: The results revealed that there exist conceptual and contextual gaps relating to the study on effect of occupational stress caused by job stress factors, working relationships and physical working conditions on the psychological well-being of medical professionals in hospitals in Japan. Preliminary empirical review reveals that. only relationships with colleagues differ significantly based on the professional cadre of the respondents (p< 0.05) and insignificant relationship between job stress factors and psychological well-being (r = 0.058, p > 0.05). Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The job demand – control model and the job demands - resources model may be used to categorize the key work design factors which may relate to stress-related health issues. The results of this research will form the basis for further research to aid academicians and practitioners with knowledge on the relevance of establishing appropriate stress and health management system.
Malware Threat on Edge/Fog Computing Environments From Internet of Things Devices Perspective

Developing a secure information processing environment highly depends on securing all the layers and devices in the environment. Edge/Fog computing environments are no exception in this case, and the security of these environments highly depends on securing Internet of Things (IoT) devices which are the most vulnerable devices throughout the environment. The adoption of Edge/Fog computing paradigms by new emerging technologies has stimulated malware development for IoT platforms. Recent attacks initiated by IoT malware show that these attacks have a tremendous impact on compromised systems in terms o the Quality of Service because of the number of infected IoT devices. In the light of these developments, there is an enormous need for efficient solutions. However, defense capabilities against these new malware types are highly constrained by the limited understanding of these new emerging paradigms and the lack of access to malware samples. This study mainly focuses on IoT malware to understand the behaviors of malware in the most vulnerable layer of the Edge/Fog computing environments. Mainly, 64 IoT malware families are identified from 2008 when the first known IoT malware emerged to October 2022. These malware families are systematically characterized by various aspects, including target architecture, target device, delivery methods, attack vectors, persistence techniques, and their evolution from existing malware. During this characterization process, two different investigation frameworks, “Cyber Kill Chain” and “Mitre ATT&CK for ICS,” have been adopted in the different investigation layers. This paper aims to bring light to future researches with the presented features of the IoT malware.
COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDY OF A NEMATOGENIC LATTICE MODEL BASED ON THE NEHRING–SAUPE INTERACTION POTENTIAL

By now, nematogenic lattice models have been extensively studied in the literature; they usually involve cylindrically symmetric (uniaxial) particles and isotropic interaction potentials defined by even functions of the scalar products between unit vectors defining their orientations; anisotropic interaction potentials involving other scalar invariants, i.e. also depending on the orientations of the two particles with respect to the intermolecular vector, have been considered far less often. A model of the latter kind was proposed by Nehring and Saupe over 25 years ago; we have considered here its restriction to nearest neighbours, having the form Here the three-component vectors xj ∈ Z3 define centre-of-mass coordinates of the particles, and uk are three-component unit vectors defining their orientations; ∊ is a positive quantity setting energy and temperature scales (i.e. T*=kB T/∊); this model is seen to be the anisotropic counterpart to the generic Lebwohl–Lasher lattice model. The model has been addressed by simulation; comparisons are reported with other anisotropic lattice models recently studied in the literature.
On the evolution of outward and inward Alfvénic fluctuations in the polar wind

Plasma and magnetic field measurements by Ulysses are used to investigate the radial evolution of hourly-scale Alfvenic fluctuations in the polar wind. The data span from 1.4 to 4.3 AU in heliocentric distance. Different radial regimes at different distances emerge. Inside about 2.5 AU the large outward traveling fluctuations decrease faster, in terms of energy per unit mass, than the small inward ones. This is in agreement with previous low-latitude observations inside 1 AU within the trailing edge of fast streams. As a result of this different gradient the ratio of inward to outward fluctuation energy rises to about 0.5 near 2.5 AU. Beyond this distance the radial gradient of the inward fluctuations becomes increasingly steeper, while that of the outward ones does not vary appreciably. A state is quickly reached where both populations decline at almost the same rate. These results on the behavior of outward and inward Alfvenic fluctuations are new and represent a constraint for models of turbulence evolution in steadily expanding flows like the polar wind. Finally, an extrapolation to regions near the Sun would suggest that Alfvenic fluctuations at hourly scale should not play a relevant role in solar wind heating and acceleration. Obviously, this last conclusion may be invalidated by non-WKB effects and by compressive and dissipative processess close to the Sun.
Solution of a nonlinear system by the adaptively deaccelerated Newton method: application to shielding current analysis in HTS

A numerical method for a nonlinear system is presented. Formulation of the electromagnetic behavior of the shielding current density in high-Tc superconductors (HTS) gives a system of time-dependent integro-differential equations. The behavior can be determined by solving the initial-boundary-value problem of the system using the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method and the complete implicit difference method. After discretizing the problem, we obtain a nonlinear equation. In the present study, the shielding current density in HTS is calculated by applying the deaccelerated Newton method (DNM) and adaptively deaccelerated Newton method (ADNM) for the solution of the nonlinear system. The results of computation show that the DNM does not give a convergent solution in some cases. On the other hand, the ADNM gives a convergent solution in a few iterations.
An O(nloglogn) On-line Algorithm for the Insert-Exact Min Problem

Integers within the range 1,. ,n are inserted in a set, and on several occasions the minimal element is extracted from the set. We present an algorithm to executee a sequence of O(n) of these instrucitions on-line in time O(nloglogn) on a Random Access Machine. The instruction repertoire can be extended by instructions like allmin(i) (delete all elements not greater than i), extract max, or predecessor (i) (find the largest element >i), without disturbing the O(loglogn) processing time per item. Whereas the off-line insert-extract min problem is known to be reducible to the on-line union-find problem, we prove that the off-line insert-allmin problem is equivalent to the off-line union-find problem, hence the off-line problems have faster algorithms. As an application we show that our algorithm can be used to process a sequence of O(n) instructions of the types: ``split an interval'''', ``unite two adjacent intervals'''', and ``find the interval currently containing element j'''', on-line in time O(nloglogn). Keywords: set-manipulation, Analysis of Algorithms, binary tree.
The TT Genotype of the KIAA1524 rs2278911 Polymorphism Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma

Background: The KIAA1524 gene encodes an oncoprotein, CIP2A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of the Akt kinase B, stabilizes the c-Myc protein, and, through that, promotes cancerogenesis. An increase in CIP2A expression has been observed in numerous solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical impact of the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the KIAA1524 gene (rs2278911, 686C > T) in MM patients. Methods: The study group consisted of 128 patients with de novo MM. EDTA venous blood samples were collected prior to the treatment. The SNPs were analyzed by Real-Time PCR with the use of specific Taqman probes. Results: Multivariable analysis revealed that variables independently associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) included thrombocytopenia, delTP53 and IGH/CCND1 translocation and the TT genotype of the KIAA1524 gene (686C > T) (median PFS: 6 vs. 25 months; HR = 7.18). On the other hand, autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) was related to a lower risk of early disease progression. Moreover, light chain disease, International Staging System (ISS) 3, poor performance status, hypoalbuminemia, IGH/FGFR3 translocation and the TT genotype of the KIAA1524 gene (686C > T) were independent prognostic factors associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (median OS: 8 vs. 45 months; HR = 7.08). Conclusion: The evaluation of the SNP 686C > T of the KIAA1524 gene could be used as a diagnostic tool in MM patients at risk of early disease progression and death.
On the minimizing measures of Lagrangian dynamical systems

The author considers dynamical systems generated by time-dependent periodic Lagrangians on a closed manifold M. An invariant probability mu of such a system has an homology rho ( mu ) in H1(M,R) describing (roughly speaking) the average homological position of mu a.e. orbit, and an action A( mu ) defined as the integral with respect to mu of the Lagrangian. The minimizing measures are defined as the invariant probabilities of the system that minimize the action among those that have a given homology gamma . Their action beta ( gamma ) define a convex function beta :H1(M,R) to R. These concepts were introduced by Mather where he proved several theorems about them. He further develops Mather's theory, giving a characterization of minimizing measures and proving properties about minimizing measures whose homologies are strictly extremal points of the function beta .
Software Review : Seven Confirmatory Factor Analysis Programs: EQS, EzPATH, LINCS, LISCOMP, LISREL 7, SI MPLIS, and CALIS

Seven confirmatory factor analysis programs that run on a personal computer—EQs, EzPATH, LINCS, LISCOMP, LISREL 7, SIMPLIS, and CALIS—are reviewed along five dimensions: (1) clarity of documentation, (2) ease of use, (3) computational accuracy and estimator options, (4) error diagnos tics and the assessment of model fit, and (5) model flexibility.
Thermally mediated breakup of drops in microchannels

The authors used thermally induced surface tension gradients to manipulate aqueous droplets in microchannels. Control of the droplet breakup process was demonstrated. Droplet sorting can be achieved with temperatures above a critical value. Numerical simulation using a two-dimensional model agrees qualitatively well with the experimental results. The used control temperature of less than 55°C shows that this active control concept is suitable for biochemical applications. Thermal control promises to be a simple and effective manipulation method for droplet-based lab on a chip.
The Influence of the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy on Regional Herdsmen’s Income and Its Gap: Evidence from Six Pastoralist Provinces in China

The Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy (GECP) is a key set of policy instruments designed to alleviate grassland degradation and increase herdsmen’s income. However, considering the various constraints and obstacles that policies often face in actual operation, it may not be able to achieve the expected goals. In order to test the real income effect of GECP and clarify its mechanism, based on the data of 499 counties in Chinese pastoralist provinces from 2000 to 2019, this paper uses the difference-in-differences (DID) model to empirically test the impact of GECP on herdsmen’s income from the dual perspective of income growth and income gap. This analysis not only evaluates the impact and mechanism of GECP on income growth in more detail, but also broadens the existing research perspective from the perspective of the income gap. The major study findings are as follows: (1) GECP significantly promotes income for herdsmen, with a marginal effect of 0.078. (2) The mechanism analysis indicates the GECP improves the income of herdsmen through the direct effect of increasing transfer income and the indirect effect of optimizing the allocation of labor, and promoting the livestock scale of barn feeding. (3) With respect to the income gap, this paper finds that areas with relatively high levels of development benefit more from GECP, which will widen the income gap between regions for herdsmen.
Mean field theory for optimal power flow

We present a method based on mean field theory to cope with the mixed nonlinear integer programming, especially with optimal power flow problems involving both continuous and discrete variables, in a more exact manner. That is, we first formulate OPF as a mixed integer programming, and then derive its mean field equations as well as the annealing algorithm, by taking advantage of the characteristics of the original problems. Numerical simulations have verified effectiveness of this approach for small power systems.
Reliability of aircraft multimode optical networks

Abstract. Results from tests and analyses of multimode optical fibers for an avionic optical network under a variety of stress conditions are presented. Experiments revealed vibrational and temperature changes of distinct multimode fibers. Results lead to the discussion of influenced insertion losses and especially reduced bandwidth corresponding to modal distribution changes. It was determined that these crucial parameters could affect system reliability when an airplane network intersects thermal and vibrational variable environments.
Cementing CO2 into C-S-H: A step toward concrete carbon neutrality

Abstract Addressing the existing gap between currently available mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions associated with ordinary Portland cement production and the 2050 carbon neutrality goal represents a significant challenge. In order to bridge this gap, one potential option is the direct gaseous sequestration and storage of anthropogenic CO2 in concrete through forced carbonate mineralization in both the cementing minerals and their aggregates. To better clarify the potential strategic benefits of these processes, here, we apply an integrated correlative time- and space-resolved Raman microscopy and indentation approach to investigate the underlying mechanisms and chemomechanics of cement carbonation over time scales ranging from the first few hours to several days using bicarbonate-substituted alite as a model system. In these reactions, the carbonation of transient disordered calcium hydroxide particles at the hydration site leads to the formation of a series of calcium carbonate polymorphs including disordered calcium carbonate, ikaite, vaterite, and calcite, which serve as nucleation sites for the formation of a calcium carbonate/calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) composite, and the subsequent acceleration of the curing process. The results from these studies reveal that in contrast to late-stage cement carbonation processes, these early stage (precure) out-of-equilibrium carbonation reactions do not compromise the material's structural integrity, while allowing significant quantities of CO2 (up to 15 w%) to be incorporated into the cementing matrix. The out-of-equilibrium carbonation of hydrating clinker thus provides an avenue for reducing the environmental footprint of cementitious materials via the uptake and long-term storage of anthropogenic CO2.