Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anaemia in Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania: A Study in Dar Es Salaam

The overall aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of anaemia in women of reproductive age and to investigate the underlying causes, as well as assess the effectiveness of antenatal care (ANC) interventions for anaemia prevention. Consecutive pregnant women booking for ANC (n=2235) were screened for anaemia, followed up and screened again late in pregnancy. Basic ANC interventions included iron and folate supplementation, malaria chemoprophylaxis and referral of severe anaemia cases, and in addition staff training and education for the women and the community at the study clinic. Non-pregnant women (n=504), adolescents: pregnant (n=76), non-pregnant (n=130), and boys (n=101) were also screened for anaemia. Haematological and biochemical investigations were made on anaemic cases.The prevalences of anaemia and severe anaemia in pregnant women were 60% and 3.8%, respectively. The adolescent pregnant women were more anaemic, with an overall prevalence of anaemia of 76%. In the non-pregnant women the prevalence was 49%. Anaemia was more prevalent in adolescent girls than in boys, and iron deficiency was the main underlying cause in all groups. In the anaemic pregnant women, malaria and other infections were more common, and Serum ferritin therefore underestimates iron deficiency.ANC interventions achieved a significant reduction in the prevalence of severe and moderate anaemia but only a moderate reduction in overall prevalence of anaemia. Time for treatment of anaemia during pregnancy is inadequate to correct pre-existing nutritional deficiencies, and all the underlying factors are not addressed. Anaemia control must include all women of reproductive age, starting with adolescents to build up their iron stores before pregnancy. ANC supplementation should include other nutrients, and there is also a need to identify and treat infections during pregnancy. Training of ANC providers and supervision as well as improvement in the logistics and supply supplements to the clinics needs reinforcement.
Contingency Wheel: Visual Analysis of Large Contingency Tables

We present the Contingency Wheel, a visual method for finding and analyzing associations in a large n m contingency table with m < 100 and n being two to three orders of magnitude larger than m. The method is demonstrated on a large table from the Book-Crossing dataset, which counts the number of ratings each book received from each country. It enables finding books that received a disproportionately high number of ratings from a specific country. It further allows to visually analyze what these books have in common, and with which countries they are also highly associated. Pairs of similar countries can further be identified (in the sense that many books are associated with both countries). Compared with existing visual methods, our approach enables analyzing and gaining insight into larger tables.
Delay Analysis for Sparse Vehicular Sensor Networks with Reliability Considerations

This paper addresses the relation between message delivery delay and reliability for the communication between a vehicle and a road side unit (RSU). We focus on sparse vehicular sensor networks (VSNs), where timely message delivery and reliable transmission are of significant importance. We present a mathematical framework for the message delivery delay distribution for a two-lane road, where vehicles in one direction act as message carriers for the ones in the other direction and have the freedom to leave the road from randomly distributed road junctions with a certain probability. Packet generator vehicles store the original packets till meeting an RSU while sending multiple copies of each packet to packet carrier vehicles. Our analysis offers an analytical tool for an intelligent transportation system (ITS) service provider to determine the minimum RSU density required to cover a road for meeting a probabilistic requirement of the message delay. Extensive computer simulation results show the accuracy of our analysis and clearly indicate the relation of packet delay and the number of packet replicas.
Analysis and optimization of a repairable M (x) /G/1 queue with an additional optional vacation

This paper investigates an M[x]/G/1 queueing system with an unreliable server, where the server may take an additional vacation after the essential vacation. If the system becomes empty, the server leaves the system and takes the essential vacation. At the end of the essential vacation, the server may return to the system with probability p or take another vacation with probability 1-p. When the additional vacation is completed, the server returns from the vacation. If there are no customers waiting for service in the system, the server waits idly for the first arrival and starts working. It is assumed that the server is subject to break down according to a Poisson process and the repair time obeys a general distribution. For such a system, we derive the system size distribution at a random epoch, as well as various system characteristics. Finally, we develop an iterative procedure to find the optimal threshold values under a linear cost structure. Some numerical experiments are also presented. Key words: Cost, optimization, server breakdowns, vacation queue.
Innovations of Human Resource Management in Lodging Industry

The role of the Human Resource Manager is evolving with the change in competitive market environment and it must be realized that that Human Resource Management must play a more strategic role in the success of an organization. A combined approach of literature review, periodical browsing, the application of Databases was used in this paper in order to analyze the changes of HRM in hotel industry. Firstly, the paper the challenges that hotel industry faced with and then, innovations related to HRM are put forward from the perspectives of managing diversity, improving motivation, building effective teamwork, managing change, balancing ethics and human resource management and linking the corporation culture with the strategy. That is the best way to be successful. Key words: human resource management, challenge, innovation Resume: Le role du directeur des ressources humaines evolue avec le changement de l’environnement competitif du marche et la connaissance que le management des ressources humaines doit jouer un role strategique dans le succes d’une organisation. Une approche synthetique combinant la retrospective des documents, la revue des periodiques, l’application des banques de donnees est utilisee dans le present article afin d’analyser le changement du management des ressources humaines dans l’industrie d’hotellerie. D’abord, l’auteur analyse les defis que l’hotel doit relever, et puis il propose des innovations relatives au management des ressources humaines dans les perspectives suivantes : diversite de management, motivation d’amelioration, construction d’une equipe de travail efficace, changement du management, equilibrage entre l’ethique et le management des ressources humaines et la liaison de la culture d’entreprise avec la strategie. Voila la meilleure voie d’acceder au succes. Mots-Cles: management des ressources humaines, defi, innovation
Suture en chirurgie virtuelle : simulation interactive et modèles hétérogènes. (Suture in virtual surgery : interactive simulation and heterogeneous models)

La medecine a ete une grande motivation dans la recherche en informatique, et nous pensons que la simulation de procedures medicales sera un element majeur de la medecine du 21e siecle. Pour ces applications, la simulation physique doit etre interactive et proposer un comportement et un rendu visuel des objets simules qui soient realistes tout en faisant avec un temps de calcul limite. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes interesses a la simulation du geste chirurgical de la suture, faisant interagir des modeles heterogenes (rigides, deformables 1D et 3D) dans la reproduction d'un geste complexe. Nous proposons de modeliser ces interactions par des contraintes de complementarite, avec une methode generique et une resolution independante des types de contraintes utilisees. Cette approche a permis la mise au point de contraintes specifiques pour creer des modeles d'interaction nouveaux. Ces contraintes ont permis une simulation complete de l'insertion d'aiguille, validee par les mesures experimentales des travaux anterieurs, qui suit les lois physiques et s'adapte a la manipulation de l'utilisateur. Enfin, une simulation interactive tres realiste a ete realisee pour l'entrainement au geste de suture dans le cadre d'operations laparoscopiques.
Mechanism of open complex and dual incision formation by human nucleotide excision repair factors

During nucleotide excision repair in human cells, a damaged DNA strand is cleaved by two endonucleases, XPG on the 3′ side of the lesion and ERCC1‐XPF on the 5′ side. These structure‐specific enzymes act at junctions between duplex and single‐stranded DNA. ATP‐dependent formation of an open DNA structure of ∼25 nt around the adduct precedes this dual incision. We investigated the mechanism of open complex formation and find that mutations in XPB or XPD, the DNA helicase subunits of the transcription and repair factor TFIIH, can completely prevent opening and dual incision in cell‐free extracts. A deficiency in XPC protein also prevents opening. The absence of RPA, XPA or XPG activities leads to an intermediate level of strand separation. In contrast, XPF or ERCC1‐defective extracts open normally and generate a 3′ incision, but fail to form the 5′ incision. This same repair defect was observed in extracts from human xeroderma pigmentosum cells with an alteration in the C‐terminal domain of XPB, suggesting that XPB has an additional role in facilitating 5′ incision by ERCC1‐XPF nuclease. These data support a mechanism in which TFIIH‐associated helicase activity and XPC protein catalyze initial formation of the key open intermediate, with full extension to the cleavage sites promoted by the other core nucleotide excision repair factors. Opening is followed by dual incision, with the 3′ cleavage made first.
Identification and characterization of extensive intra-molecular associations between 3′-UTRs and their ORFs

During eukaryotic translation, mRNAs may form intra-molecular interactions between distant domains. The 5′-cap and the polyA tail were shown to interact through their associated proteins, and this can induce physical compaction of the mRNA in vitro. However, the stability of this intra-molecular association in translating mRNAs and whether additional contacts exist in vivo are largely unknown. To explore this, we applied a novel approach in which several endogenous polysomal mRNAs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cleaved near their stop codon and the resulting 3′-UTR fragments were tested either for co-sedimentation or co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) with their ORFs. In all cases a significant fraction of the 3′-UTR fragments sedimented similarly to their ORF-containing fragments, yet the extent of co-sedimentation differed between mRNAs. Similar observations were obtained by a co-IP assay. Interestingly, various treatments that are expected to interfere with the cap to polyA interactions had no effect on the co-sedimentation pattern. Moreover, the 3′-UTR appeared to co-sediment with different regions from within the ORF. Taken together, these results indicate extensive physical associations between 3′-UTRs and their ORFs that vary between genes. This implies that polyribosomal mRNAs are in a compact configuration in vivo.
Evidence for significant differences in microsomal drug glucuronidation by canine and human liver and kidney.

The in vitro glucuronidation of a range of structurally diverse chemicals has been studied in hepatic and renal microsomes from human donors and the beagle dog. These studies were undertaken to improve on the limited knowledge of glucuronidation by the dog and to assess its suitability as a model species for pharmacokinetic studies. In general, the compounds studied were glucuronidated severalfold more rapidly (based on intrinsic clearance estimates) by DLM than by HLM. Intrinsic clearance values for human UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 substrates were an order of magnitude higher in DLM than in HLM (e.g., gemfibrozil: 31 microl/min/mg versus 3.0 microl/min/mg; ketoprofen: 2.4 microl/min/mg versus 0.2 microl/min/mg). There were also drug-specific differences. HLM readily glucuronidated propofol (2.4 microl/min/mg) whereas DLM appeared unable to glucuronidate this drug directly. Regioselective differences in morphine glucuronidation were also apparent. Human kidney microsomes catalyzed the glucuronidation of many xenobiotics, although glucuronidation of the endobiotic bilirubin was not detectable in this tissue. In direct contrast, dog kidney microsomes glucuronidated bilirubin only (no glucuronidation of all other xenobiotics was detected). These preliminary studies indicated significant differences in the glucuronidation of xenobiotics by microsomes from the livers and kidneys of human and dog and should be confirmed using a larger panel of tissues from individual dogs. Early knowledge of the relative rates of in vitro glucuronidation, the UGTs responsible for drug glucuronidation, and their tissue distribution in different species could assist the design and analysis of preclinical pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation studies.
Affective Appraisals of the Daily Commute

To date, most research on travel behavior has been limited to studying utilitarian appraisals of car users and users of public transport. Studies on affective experiences are usually limited to commuter stress. A survey among university employees revealed that in support of previous research, car commuters find their journey more stressful than other mode users. The main sources of this stress are delays and other road users. Users of public transport also “complain” about delays; however, this results in stress as well as boredom. Walking and cycling journeys are the most relaxing and exciting and therefore seem the most optimum form of travel from an affective perspective. The affective appraisals of the daily commute are related to instrumental aspects, such as journey time, but also to general attitudes toward various travel modes. These findings have implications for sustainable transport policy initiatives that aim to persuade people to abandon their car.
A comprehensive analysis of parameter settings for novelty-biased cumulative gain

In the TREC Web Diversity track, novelty-biased cumulative gain (α-NDCG) is one of the official measures to assess retrieval performance of IR systems. The measure is characterised by a parameter, α, the effect of which has not been thoroughly investigated. We find that common settings of α, i.e. α=0.5, may prevent the measure from behaving as desired when evaluating result diversification. This is because it excessively penalises systems that cover many intents while it rewards those that redundantly cover only few intents. This issue is crucial since it highly influences systems at top ranks. We revisit our previously proposed threshold, suggesting α be set on a query-basis. The intuitiveness of the measure is then studied by examining actual rankings from TREC 09-10 Web track submissions. By varying α according to our query-based threshold, the discriminative power of α-NDCG is not harmed and in fact, our approach improves α-NDCG's robustness. Experimental results show that the threshold for α can turn the measure to be more intuitive than using its common settings.
Acute exacerbation of COPD

The literature of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is fast expanding. This review focuses on several aspects of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) including epidemiology, diagnosis and management. COPD poses a major health and economic burden in the Asia‐Pacific region, as it does worldwide. Triggering factors of AECOPD include infectious (bacteria and viruses) and environmental (air pollution and meteorological effect) factors. Disruption in the dynamic balance between the ‘pathogens’ (viral and bacterial) and the normal bacterial communities that constitute the lung microbiome likely contributes to the risk of exacerbations. The diagnostic approach to AECOPD varies based on the clinical setting and severity of the exacerbation. After history and examination, a number of investigations may be useful, including oximetry, sputum culture, chest X‐ray and blood tests for inflammatory markers. Arterial blood gases should be considered in severe exacerbations, to characterize respiratory failure. Depending on the severity, the acute management of AECOPD involves use of bronchodilators, steroids, antibiotics, oxygen and noninvasive ventilation. Hospitalization may be required, for severe exacerbations. Nonpharmacological interventions including disease‐specific self‐management, pulmonary rehabilitation, early medical follow‐up, home visits by respiratory health workers, integrated programmes and telehealth‐assisted hospital at home have been studied during hospitalization and shortly after discharge in patients who have had a recent AECOPD. Pharmacological approaches to reducing risk of future exacerbations include long‐acting bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, mucolytics, vaccinations and long‐term macrolides. Further studies are needed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of these interventions in preventing COPD exacerbations.
Researching problem solving in introductory physics: Towards a new understanding of familiarity

Abstract This article proposes a new interpretation of the notion of familiarity for making sense of students' experiences in learning physics through problem solving. It challenges the cognitivist research perspectives for analysing students' problem solving strategies. Phenomenography and actor-network theory are proposed as alternative theoretical frameworks allowing ‘insider’ portrayal of students' experiences with problem solving. Data from problem solving strategies are used at tertiary level to illustrate how, within these frameworks, the traditional cognitivist view of familiarity changes. Familiarity becomes closely associated with students' experiences of the problem, and in this sense becomes part of their conceptual understanding. Furthermore, familiarity offers the very basis upon which change in conception would occur. The article argues that the notion of familiarity mediates the coming about of conceptual understanding.
Online Object Tracking with Proposal Selection

Tracking-by-detection approaches are some of the most successful object trackers in recent years. Their success is largely determined by the detector model they learn initially and then update over time. However, under challenging conditions where an object can undergo transformations, e.g., severe rotation, these methods are found to be lacking. In this paper, we address this problem by formulating it as a proposal selection task and making two contributions. The first one is introducing novel proposals estimated from the geometric transformations undergone by the object, and building a rich candidate set for predicting the object location. The second one is devising a novel selection strategy using multiple cues, i.e., detection score and edgeness score computed from state-of-the-art object edges and motion boundaries. We extensively evaluate our approach on the visual object tracking 2014 challenge and online tracking benchmark datasets, and show the best performance.
Nuclear lamins

GLOSSARYADLD: adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophyCMT: Charcot-Marie-ToothEDMD: Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophyLAP: lamin-associated polypeptideLBR: lamin B receptorLGMD1B: autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
Generalized Hybrid Scheduling Scheme for Multihop Relaying WiMAX Networks

In this paper, we propose a heuristic scheduling scheme, named hybrid resource allocation scheme that can reduce the time complexity of scheduling scheme and im- prove the efficiency of resource utilization while minimizing interference. We first focus on the two-hop relaying scenario, since this scenario has the largest throughput gain, and then explore an extension of the proposed hybrid scheme to a general multihop relaying scenario. We evaluate the performance of our proposed hybrid scheme by comparing it with the optimal scheduling scheme as well as the well- known two schemes, namely, orthogonal and overlapped in terms of cell throughput, outage rate, and computation time. The numerical results show that the proposed hybrid scheme achieves a higher throughput than the orthogonal scheme while maintaining as low an outage rate as orthogonal scheme. In addition, the computational time is significantly less than the optimal scheme at the expense of minimal throughput degradation.
Research on Certificate Cooperating Signature Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Distribute architecture based on threshold scheme is adopted to provide certification service in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, due to its characteristics such as no infrastructure, no center. There are some problems in those schemes such as fixed threshold value and conspiracy attack. A certificate signature scheme based on threshold group signature is proposed in this paper, comparing to existing distributed certificate signature algorithm, which not only can withstand conspiracy attack, but also can change threshold value conveniently on demand.
RECRUITMENT, RETENTION, AND RETIREMENT: COMPENSATION AND EMPLOYMENT POLICIES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

ABSTRACT Faculties are aging along with the rest of society. Low retirement rates and slow growth limit the number of new hiring opportunities in many institutions. Universities face a series of common challenges that will shape higher education in the 21st century. In order to maintain high quality faculties in the coming years, universities must develop compensation policies and employment practices that are appropriate for the new economic and demographic environment. This paper examines existing human resources (HR) policies and considers potential modifications that will enable institutions to recruit, retain, and retire faculty in the coming years. The analysis reviews the soaring cost of health insurance for active and retired faculty and how these plans are being amended. We also review the widespread adoption of phased retirement plans and the use of early retirement programs as components of HR policy. The increasing reliance on nontenure track faculty is also described. The analysis focuses on the challenges that universities face in the current economic and demographic conditions and the methods that administrators can adopt to fulfill their teaching and research missions. The paper presents the results from a national conference consisting of new research and intense discussion by scholars, administrators, policymakers, and HR consultants.