Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low-latency lightweight DMA for tightly coupled multi-core clusters

The evolution of multi- and many-core platforms is rapidly increasing the available on-chip computational capabilities of embedded computing devices, while memory access is dominated by on-chip and off-chip interconnect delays which do not scale well. For this reason, the bottleneck of many applications is rapidly moving from computation to communication. More precisely, performance is often bound by the huge latency of direct memory accesses. In this scenario the challenge is to provide embedded multi and many-core systems with a powerful, low-latency, energy efficient and flexible way to move data through the memory hierarchy level. In this paper, a DMA engine optimized for clustered tightly coupled many-core systems is presented. The IP features a simple micro-coded programming interface and lock-free per-core command queues to improve flexibility while reducing the programming latency. Moreover it dramatically reduces the area and improves the energy efficiency with respect to conventional DMAs exploiting the cluster shared memory as local repository for data buffers. The proposed DMA engine improves the access and programming latency by one order of magnitude, it reduces IP area by 4x and power by 5x, with respect to a conventional DMA, while providing full bandwidth to 16 independent logical channels.
Exploration is dependent on reproductive state, not social state, in a cooperatively breeding bird

Lay Summary An individual’s circumstances or properties—also known as state—maybe a mechanism encouraging behavioral differences among individuals. We investigated whether exploration was associated with social state or reproductive state (i.e., insect abundance at year of birth) in a wild cooperative breeder. We found fast novel object exploration was associated with young individuals born into years of high insect abundance (i.e., low future reproductive state), suggesting this behavior is reproductive state-dependent.
NICOTINE MONOMETHIODIDE

Nicotine dimethiodide, which is obtained by treating nicotine with an excess of methyl iodide, was studied by Crum Brown and Fraser’. They showed that it produced a “curare-like” paralysis of a frog nerve-muscle preparation, but that it was very much less toxic than nicotine itself. The nicotine monomethiodide (111), in which the pyridine nitrogen atom is quaternised, was prepared by Pictet and Genequand2 and named nicotine isomethiodide. Nicotine was converted into the di-hydrogen iodide, which was then refluxed in ethanol with 1 mol. of nicotine. This solution contains nicotine mono-hydrogen iodide (V), in which the proton is attached to the more basic pyrolidine nitrogen atom. It was treated with an excess of methyl iodide and so converted to the hydrogen iodide (VI) of nicotine isomethiodide. From this, nicotine isomethiodide itself (111) was easily obtained. This substance melted at 164” C. ; the platinichloride of the corresponding nicotine isomethochloride, C,,H,,N,, MeCI, HCI, PtCl,, a yellow material, decomposed without melting at
Performance prediction method for IP lookup algorithms

Many address lookup methods for use on IP routers to improve their packet-forwarding capability have been proposed. However, their performance prediction ability is poor because actual traffic characteristics are not considered in their evaluation processes. The actual traffic must be considered in order to predict router performance more accurately, especially for layer 3 and 4 address lookups, whose performances are more affected by the flow characteristics. We describe a method for predicting IP lookup algorithm performance that is based on statistical analysis of the Internet traffic. We present an example of its application to an existing IP lookup algorithm and show, based on simulation results, that our method can provide accurate performance prediction for IP lookup algorithms.
iPhish: Phishing Vulnerabilities on Consumer Electronics

As consumer electronic devices with embedded browsers become popular, financial institutions and online merchants set up websites to accommodate visitors using these devices. These devices range from cell phones to gaming consoles, cars, and even refrigerators. Porting a traditional desktop1 browser to a mobile device is more involved than resizing the display. To adapt to the hardware limitations inherent in mobile devices, mobile browsers often remove or replace certain features commonly found in traditional browsers. Unfortunately, some of these features are critical for depending against phishing attacks. We studied browsers on three mobile devices and discovered vulnerabilities in their input, chrome, and URL display. We conducted a user study to confirm our findings on the iPhone Safari browser, one of the most popular mobile browser platforms. For each potential vulnerability, we were able to construct a phishing scenario to successfully fool users into giving away the credentials for a role-played Bank of America account. To mitigate the vulnerabilities, we propose to designate and display URLs in a more phishing-resistant way, and to create an anti-phishing proxy that is independent of mobile devices or browsers.
Alzheimer's Disease: A Pathogenetic Autoimmune Disorder Caused by Herpes Simplex in a Gene-Dependent Manner

Herpes simplex is implicated in Alzheimer's disease and viral infection produces Alzheimer's disease like pathology in mice. The virus expresses proteins containing short contiguous amino acid stretches (5–9aa “vatches” = viralmatches) homologous to APOE4, clusterin, PICALM, and complement receptor 1, and to over 100 other gene products relevant to Alzheimer's disease, which are also homologous to proteins expressed by other pathogens implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Such homology, reiterated at the DNA level, suggests that gene association studies have been tracking infection, as well as identifying key genes, demonstrating a role for pathogens as causative agents. Vatches may interfere with the function of their human counterparts, acting as dummy ligands, decoy receptors, or via interactome interference. They are often immunogenic, and antibodies generated in response to infection may target their human counterparts, producing protein knockdown, or generating autoimmune responses that may kill the neurones in which the human homologue resides, a scenario supported by immune activation in Alzheimer's disease. These data may classify Alzheimer's disease as an autoimmune disorder created by pathogen mimicry of key Alzheimer's disease-related proteins. It may well be prevented by vaccination and regular pathogen detection and elimination, and perhaps stemmed by immunosuppression or antibody adsorption-related therapies.
A novel scheme for image encryption based on piecewise linear chaotic map

Recently, the chaos based cryptographic algorithms have suggested some meaningful techniques to develop efficient image encryption schemes. In this paper, we propose a new digital image encryption scheme based on the piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM) in order to meet the requirements of the secure encryption. The proposed scheme is described in detail, along with the security analyses including key space analysis, sensitivity analysis, information entropy analysis and differential attack analysis. The results show that the suggested image encryption scheme has some properties desirable in a good security cryptosystem.
Dissemination protocol for Heterogeneous Cooperative Vehicular Networks

The difficulties associated with network connectivity, unreliable channels, and city environment characteristics make data dissemination task in vehicular urban networks a real challenge. Recently, some interesting solutions have been proposed to perform data dissemination in this environment. Starting from the analysis of these solutions, we present a new dissemination protocol named DHVN (Dissemination protocol for Heterogeneous Cooperative Vehicular Networks) that considers: (i) roads topology, (ii) network connectivity and possible partitioning in case of low traffic density, and (iii) heterogeneous communication capabilities of the vehicles. We compare our protocol to other dissemination protocols and analyze its performances using NS-3 simulator [1]. Performance studies show interesting DHVN compared to existing solutions. Indeed, DHVN is able to provide a low end-to-end delay, a high delivery ratio and a minimum bandwidth usage since only a limited number of vehicles are involved in the broadcast scheme.
ASPIRE registry: Assessing the Spectrum of Pulmonary hypertension Identified at a REferral centre

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous condition. To date, no registry data exists reflecting the spectrum of disease across the five diagnostic groups encountered in a specialist referral centre. Data was retrieved for consecutive, treatment-naïve cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2010 using a catheter-based approach. 1,344 patients were enrolled, with a mean follow-up of 2.9 yrs. The 3-yr survival was 68% for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), 73% for PH associated with left heart disease, 44% for PH associated with lung disease (PH-lung), 71% for chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) and 59% for miscellaneous PH. Compared with PAH, survival was inferior in PH-lung and superior in CTEPH (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that diagnostic group independently predicted survival. Within PAH, Eisenmenger’s survival was superior to idiopathic PAH, which was superior to PAH associated with systemic sclerosis (p<0.005). Within PH-lung, 3-yr survival in sleep disorders/alveolar hypoventilation (90%) was superior to PH-lung with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (41%) and interstitial lung disease (16%) (p<0.05). In CTEPH, long-term survival was best in patients with surgically accessible disease undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy. In this large registry of consecutive, treatment-naïve patients identified at a specialist PH centre, outcomes and characteristics differed between and within PH groups. The current system of classification of PH has prognostic value even when adjusted for age and disease severity, emphasising the importance of systematic evaluation and precise classification.
Human Neutrophils Use Different Mechanisms To Kill Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia and Hyphae: Evidence from Phagocyte Defects

Neutrophils are known to play a pivotal role in the host defense against Aspergillus infections. This is illustrated by the prevalence of Aspergillus infections in patients with neutropenia or phagocyte functional defects, such as chronic granulomatous disease. However, the mechanisms by which human neutrophils recognize and kill Aspergillus are poorly understood. In this work, we have studied in detail which neutrophil functions, including neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, are involved in the killing of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and hyphae, using neutrophils from patients with well-defined genetic immunodeficiencies. Recognition of conidia involves integrin CD11b/CD18 (and not dectin-1), which triggers a PI3K-dependent nonoxidative intracellular mechanism of killing. When the conidia escape from early killing and germinate, the extracellular destruction of the Aspergillus hyphae needs opsonization by Abs and involves predominantly recognition via Fcγ receptors, signaling via Syk, PI3K, and protein kinase C to trigger the production of toxic reactive oxygen metabolites by the NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase. A. fumigatus induces NET formation; however, NETs did not contribute to A. fumigatus killing. Thus, our findings reveal distinct killing mechanisms of Aspergillus conidia and hyphae by human neutrophils, leading to a comprehensive insight in the innate antifungal response.
Weight Loss in Obese Pregnant Women and Risk for Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between weight loss in obese pregnant women and relevant maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: All liveborn singleton term (37 weeks of gestation or greater) births in obese women between 2009 and 2011 in Flanders (the northern part of Belgium) were included (N=18,053). Outcomes assessed included gestational hypertension, low (2,500 g or less) birth weight, small-for-gestational-age (less than the 10th percentile) neonates, macrosomia (birth weight 4,000 g or greater), large-for-gestational-age (greater than 90th percentile) neonates, emergency caesarean delivery, and admission to a neonatal intensive care unit. Risk for adverse outcomes was calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis for weight change categories (greater weight loss [5 kg or greater], lesser weight loss [between 0 and 5 kg], low gestational weight gain [0 or greater and less than 5 kg], adequate gestational weight gain [5 or greater to 9 kg or less, reference], and excessive gestational weight gain [greater than 9 kg]) in each obesity class (I 30–34.9, II 35–39.9, III 40 or greater) adjusted for parity and maternal and gestational age. RESULTS: In the total population, 854 (4.7%) obese pregnant women reported weight loss. Weight loss and low weight gain were associated with a decreased incidence of gestational hypertension for women with class I obesity (greater weight loss adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11–0.84; lesser weight loss adjusted OR 0.46 95% CI 0.21–0.99; low gain adjusted OR 0.71 95% CI 0.54–0.93), a reduction in the rate of emergency cesarean delivery, but only in those with class II obesity (greater weight loss adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.78; lesser weight loss adjusted OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.26–0.97; low gain adjusted OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.79), and decreased macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age neonates in women in all classes of obesity, with the highest decrease for women with class III obesity (greater weight loss adjusted OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.49; lesser weight loss adjusted OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.90 for macrosomia). No association between weight loss and low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age neonates, or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was shown in the different obesity classes. CONCLUSION: Weight loss in obese pregnant women was associated with reduced perinatal risks but not with the rate of low birth weight or small-for-gestational-age neonates in obese women from class III in this affluent region. Stratification of recommended gestational weight gain ranges in obese women should be considered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Use of the Internet as a Health Information Resource Among French Young Adults: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey

Background The Internet is one of the main resources of health information especially for young adults, but website content is not always trustworthy or validated. Little is known about this specific population and the importance of online health searches for use and impact. It is fundamental to assess behaviors and attitudes of young people looking for online health-related information and their level of trust in such information. Objective The objective is to describe the characteristics of Internet users aged 15-30 years who use the Web as a health information resource and their trust in it, and to define the context and the effect of such use on French young adults’ behavior in relation to their medical consultations. Methods We used the French Health Barometer 2010, a nationally representative survey of 27,653 individuals that investigates population health behaviors and concerns. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed using a subsample of 1052 young adults aged 15-30 years to estimate associations between demographics, socioeconomic, and health status and (1) the use of the Internet to search for health information, and (2) its impact on health behaviors and the physician-patient relationship. Results In 2010, 48.5% (474/977) of Web users aged 15-30 years used the Internet for health purposes. Those who did not use the Internet for health purposes reported being informed enough by other sources (75.0%, 377/503), stated they preferred seeing a doctor (74.1%, 373/503) or did not trust the information on the Internet (67.2%, 338/503). However, approximately 80% (371/474) of young online health seekers considered the information found online reliable. Women (P<.001) and people with higher sociocultural positions (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9 and OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7 for employees and manual workers, respectively, vs individuals with executive or manager positions) were more likely to use the Internet for health purposes. For a subsample of women only, online health seeking was more likely among those having a child (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.7) and experiencing psychological distress (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.0). Finally, for online health seekers aged 15-30 years, one-third (33.3%, 157/474) reported they changed their health behaviors (eg, frequency of medical consultations, way of taking care of one’s own health) because of their online searches. Different factors were associated with different outcomes of change, but psychological distress, poor quality of life, and low income were the most common. Conclusions The Internet is a useful tool to spread health information and prevention campaigns, especially to target young adults. Young adults trust online information and consider the Internet as a valid source of health advice. Health agencies should ensure the improvement of online health information quality and the creation of health-related websites and programs dedicated to young adults.
Pengaruh Prosentase Fines Terhadap Kualitas Tablet Parasetamol.

The influence of fines on quality of Paracetamol tablets including physical quality and dissolution rate has been studied. Four compositions were prepared with ratio between granules and fines as follow F1 (85 10), F2 (80 15), F3 (75 20) and F4 (70 25). The result of the study showed that the higher the amount of fines the lesser the hardness and the higher the friability whilst the disintegration time was shortened. The dissolution rate showed that the increase in fines caused the dissolution rate of paracetamol tablets increased. The best composition of fines was 10 % to make either good physical quality and dissolution rate of tablet paracetamol.
Seven Months' Worth of Mistakes: A Longitudinal Study of Typosquatting Abuse

Typosquatting is the act of purposefully registering a domain name that is a mistype of a popular domain name. It is a concept that has been known and studied for over 15 years, yet still thoroughly practiced up until this day. While previous typosquatting studies have always taken a snapshot of the typosquatting landscape or base their longitudinal results only on domain registration data, we present the first contentbased, longitudinal study of typosquatting. We collected data about the typosquatting domains of the 500 most popular sites of the Internet every day, for a period of seven months, and we use this data to establish whether previously discovered typosquatting trends still hold today, and to provide new results and insights in the typosquatting landscape. In particular we reveal that, even though 95% of the popular domains we investigated are actively targeted by typosquatters, only few trademark owners protect themselves against this practice by proactively registering their own typosquatting domains. We take advantage of the longitudinal aspect of our study to show, among other results, that typosquatting domains change hands from typosquatters to legitimate owners and vice versa, and that typosquatters vary their monetization strategy by hosting different types of pages over time. Our study also reveals that a large fraction of typosquatting domains can be traced back to a small group of typosquatting page hosters and that certain top-level domains are much more prone to typosquatting than others.
A study of the Navier-Stokes-α model for two-dimensional turbulence

The Navier–Stokes-α model of turbulence is a mollification of the Navier–Stokes equations, in which the vorticity is advected and stretched by a smoothed velocity field. The smoothing is performed by filtering the velocity field over spatial scales of size smaller than α. This is achieved by convolution with a kernel associated with Green's function of the Helmholtz operator scaled by a parameter α. The statistical properties of the smoothed velocity field are expected to match those of Navier–Stokes turbulence for scales larger than α, thus providing a more computable model for those scales. For wavenumbers k such that kα ≫ 1, corresponding to spatial scales smaller than α, there are three candidate power laws for the energy spectrum, corresponding to three possible characteristic time scales in the model equations: one from the smoothed field, the second from the rough field and the third from a special combination of the two. In two dimensions, the second time scale may be understood to characterize th.
Using Automatically Generated Concept Maps for Document Understanding: a Human Subjects Experiment

Concept maps present information in a concise and easily-understood form. Consequently, concept maps of documents are a useful vehicle for summarizing the documents’ contents. Concept-map based summaries can in turn be used as the basis for browsable indices to help guide navigation through documents to find material of interest. However, using concept maps in this role depends on the ability to generate a concept map for each document. Especially for large document sets, constructing the needed concept maps by hand may be prohibitively expensive. This paper addresses this problem with an algorithm to automatically generate concept map fragments to aid in document understanding. The algorithm was evaluated with a human subjects study assessing the value of its results to facilitate locating and understanding portions of a document of interest. The study compared subjects’ speed and accuracy in answering questions about material contained in a document when using only the document, a manually constructed concept map, or an automatically-generated concept map fragment. The study showed that providing automatically generated concept maps improved user speed while retaining accuracy, for documents whose size enabled capturing most key concepts in a single concept map.
Collective Crowd Formation Transform with Mutual Information–Based Runtime Feedback

This paper introduces a new crowd formation transform approach to achieve visually pleasing group formation transition and control. Its core idea is to transform crowd formation shapes with a least effort pair assignment using the Kuhn–Munkres algorithm, discover clusters of agent subgroups using affinity propagation and Delaunay triangulation algorithms and apply subgroup‐based social force model (SFM) to the agent subgroups to achieve alignment, cohesion and collision avoidance. Meanwhile, mutual information of the dynamic crowd is used to guide agents' movement at runtime. This approach combines both macroscopic (involving least effort position assignment and clustering) and microscopic (involving SFM) controls of the crowd transformation to maximally maintain subgroups' local stability and dynamic collective behaviour, while minimizing the overall effort (i.e. travelling distance) of the agents during the transformation. Through simulation experiments and comparisons, we demonstrate that this approach is efficient and effective to generate visually pleasing and smooth transformations and outperform several existing crowd simulation approaches including reciprocal velocity avoidances, optimal reciprocal collision avoidance and OpenSteer.