Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verifiable Outsourcing of Pairing Computations

Since 2000, pairings have found many applications in cryptography. Pairing computation is very costly on limited devices such as smart cards but it could be made more efficient if the limited device may outsource some computation to a more computationally powerful (but potentially malicious) device. In this setting, it is important to ensure the limited device that the computation was carried out correctly. Known verifiable pairing delegation protocols still have a prohibitive cost for limited devices. We study the question of how a limited device can delegate many pairing computations at once to a potentially malicious and powerful device. We propose four efficient batch pairing delegation protocols which are much more efficient than previous constructions (on the state-of-the art optimal Ate pairing on a Barreto-Naehrig curve). We notably propose the first batch pairing delegation protocols for variable and public left-side and right-side inputs for the pairing and we apply this scheme to improve the efficiency of batch verification of popular short signatures schemes (namely, Boneh-Lynn-Shacham and Pointcheval-Sanders signatures).
An optimization problem with volume constraint and Neumann boundary conditions

In this manuscript we study the following optimization problem with volume constraint: $$\text{min} \left\{\frac{1}{p}\int_{\Omega} |\nabla v|^pdx-\int_{\partial \Omega} gv\,dS \colon v \in W^{1, p} (\Omega), \text{ and }|\{v>0\}| \leq \alpha\right\}. $$ Here $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ is a bounded and smooth domain, $g$ is a continuous function and $\alpha$ is a fixed constant such that $0 0$ we prove that a minimizer exists and satisfies $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{ccl} -\Delta_p u_p = 0 &\text{in } &\{u_p>0\} \cup \{u_p<0\}, |\nabla u_p|^{p-2}\frac{\partial u_p}{\partial \nu} = g & \text{on } &\partial \Omega \cap\partial(\{u_p>0\} \cup \{u_p<0\} ) , |\{u_p>0\}| = \alpha. & & \end{array} \right. $$ Next, we analyze the limit as $p\to \infty$. We obtain that any sequence of weak solutions converges, up to a subsequence, $\ \lim\limits_{p_j \to \infty} u_{p_j}(x)=u_{\infty}(x)$, uniformly in $\overline{\Omega}$, and uniform limits, $u_\infty$, are solutions to the maximization problem with volume constraint $$ \max\left\{ \int_{\partial \Omega} gv\,dS \colon v \in W^{1, \infty}\left(\Omega\right), \|\nabla v\|_{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}\leq 1\text{ and }|\{v>0\}| \leq \alpha\right\}. $$ Furthermore, we obtain the limit equation that is verified by $u_\infty$ in the viscosity sense. Finally, it turns out that such a limit variational problem is connected to the Monge-Kantorovich mass transfer problem with the involved measures are supported on $\partial \Omega$ and along the limiting free boundary, $\partial \{u_{\infty} \neq 0\}$. Furthermore, we show some explicit examples of solutions for certain configurations of the domain and data.
A Survey on Determining k-Most Demanding Products

It is regularly vital for makers to choose what products to produce with the goal that they can expand their market share in an inexorably wild market. To choose which products to produce, producers need to break down the consumers' necessities and how consumers settle on their buy decisions so that the new products will be aggressive in the market. In this paper, an issue of production arrangements, named k-most demanding products (k-MDP) discovering, is formed. Given a set of clients demanding a certain sort of products with various attributes, a set of existing products of the sort, a set of candidate products that can be offered by an organization, and a positive integer k, we need to help the organization to choose k products from the candidate products such that the normal number of the aggregate clients for the k products is boosted. We demonstrate the issue is NP-hard when the quantity of attributes for an item is 3 or more. One greedy algorithm is proposed to discover approximate answer for the issue. We likewise endeavor to discover the optimal arrangement of the issue by evaluating the upper bound of the normal number of the aggregate customers for a set of k candidate products for diminishing the search space of the optimal arrangement. An exact algorithm is then given to discover the optimal arrangement of the issue by utilizing this pruning method. To handle this issue, we also propose an effective greedy-based approximation algorithm, called as 'Top k exact algorithm' with a provable arrangement ensure. Utilizing this algorithm, we can discover the most demanding products that can be given to the clients.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Its Effect on the Walking of Affected Subjects: Update Review

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is complication in the knee joint that can affect the gait of affected subjects. Various studies have been done in this field. The purpose of this study is to update the review article in the effect of PFPS on gait parameters. Method: This update review includes articles published between 1990 and 2018. Our search has been done in PubMed, Google scholar, Science direct and ISI web of knowledge databases. Finally, 20 studies entered this review. Results: Subjects with PFPS show changes in walking parameters such as speed, cadence, step length and some other parameters in comparison with normal people. Conclusion: It can be concluded that some gait parameters in PFPS subjects change, and this change can be a mechanism for the reduction of patella femoral joint reaction force and pain.
Pathophysiology of Coronary Vascular Remodeling: Relationship With Traditional Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease

The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and vascular remodeling is a relatively new area of investigation. We discuss the various mechanisms by which cardiovascular risk factors cause vascular remodeling. Endothelial dysfunction, lipoprotein alterations, inflammation, and platelet activation are the mechanisms by which remodeling occurs. Plaque composition also plays an important role in directing remodeling. Plaque with extensive calcification is more likely to undergo constrictive remodeling. Positive and negative remodeling is based on how these factors coordinate and determine the direction of remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases perform a crucial role in vascular remodeling. Advanced glycation end-products are key substances involved in the negative remodeling associated with diabetes. Remodeling in hypertension can be either eutrophic or hypertrophic. Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation lead to negative remodeling in hypertension. Dyslipidemia can be associated with either positive or negative remodeling. High high-density lipoprotein is associated with positive remodeling and high low-density lipoprotein with negative remodeling. Smoking causes endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and decreased nitric oxide synthesis leading to inward remodeling. Aging also causes endothelial dysfunction and predisposes to negative remodeling. Knowledge of these associations can elucidate various clinical presentations and guide therapeutic choices in the future.
Human MST But Not MT Responds to Tactile Stimulation

Previous reports of tactile responses in human visual area MT/V5 have used complex stimuli, such as a brush stroking the arm. These complex moving stimuli are likely to induce imagery of visual motion, which is known to be a powerful activator of MT. The area described as “MT” in previous reports consists of at least two distinct cortical areas, MT and MST. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we separately localized human MT and MST and measured their response to vibrotactile stimuli unlikely to induce imagery of visual motion. Strong vibrotactile responses were observed in MST but not in MT. Vibrotactile responses in MST were approximately one-half as large as the response to visual motion and were distinct from those in another visual area previously reported to respond to tactile stimulation, the lateral occipital complex. To examine somatotopic organization, we separately stimulated the left and right hand and foot. No spatial segregation between hand and foot responses was observed in MST. The average response profile of MST was similar to that of somatosensory cortex, with a strong preference for the contralateral hand. These results offer evidence for the existence of somatosensory responses in MST, but not MT, independent of imagery of visual motion.
Demographic Correlates of Self Confidence : A Study of Adolescents

Self-confidence is considered one of the most influential motivators and regulators of behavior in people's everyday lives. As positive self-confidence can raise the achievement of a person having ordinary caliber whereas negative thoughts related to selfconfidence may deteriorate the future of a person having extra-ordinary caliber. The purpose of thepresent investigation was to scrutinize empirically the main and interactive effect of gender, locality and type of schools on Self-confidence of adolescents. The sample comprised 240 adolescentsselected randomly from High Schools of Rohtak city. Agnihotri’s Self-confidence Inventory (ASCI) developed by Gupta (2005) was administered to ascertain the influence of demographic correlates of self-confidence. 2×2×2 factorial design was employed with two levels of gender: boys and girls, two levels of locality: urban and rural and two levels of type of school: govt. and private. The analysis was carried out by employing three way analysis of variance. The findings suggested that main effect of gender, locality and type of school was found to be associated with the Self-confidence. First order interactions and second order interactions were found significant.
Heterogeneous Agent Models in Macroeconomics

1. New Keynesian Models with Taylor price staggering 2. OLG models with and without asset trade • The stochastic neoclassical growth model with heterogeneous households (Krusell and Smith 1998) • The stochastic neoclassical growth model with portfolio choice (Krusell and Smith 1997), • Models of aggregate labor supply (Chang and Kim 2006; Chang and Kim 2007) • Shocks to aggregate uncertainty (Bloom 2009)
Steroidal alkaloids ameliorate cell proliferation, oxidative stress, inflammation and histology outcome in vitro and in vivo

Objective: To investigate the effects of steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D isolated from Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna on cell-proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α-induced human RA-FLS MH7A in vitro, and against complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis rats in vivo. Methods: CCK-8 assay was utilized to evaluate the anti-proliferation activity in vitro. In in-vivo study, rats were randomly divided into control group, model group (CFA), steroidal alkaloids (STA) groups (5.0, 2.5 and 1.25 g/kg BW), and sarcovagine D (SD) groups (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW), 10 rats for each group. To evaluate the anti-inflammation effect, the histology, biochemical parameters and expression of inflammatory cytokines were detected. Results: Steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D showed strong anti-proliferative activity during MH7A cell culture proliferation and downregulated NO levels, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6 and PGE2) in vitro. The rats treated with CFA induced ankle inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration, upregulated IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, MDA and NO levels, and downregulated IL-10 and SOD. On the contrary, steroidal alkaloids ameliorated all the changes induced by CFA in rats, suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D. Conclusions: The results suggest that Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna has anti-inflammatory effect. Steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D has the potential to cure RA.
Low-dose computed tomography of the lumbar spine: a phantom study on imaging parameters and image quality

: Background: Lumbar spine radiography is often performed instead of computed tomography (CT) for radiation dose concerns. Purpose: To compare image quality of and diagnostic information from low dose lumbar spine CT at an effective dose of about 1 mSv with lumbar spine radiography. Material and Methods: Fifty-one patients were examined by both methods. Five reviewers scored all examinations on eight image quality criteria using a five-graded scale (0-4) and also assessed three common pathologic changes. Results: Low dose CT scored better than radiography on the following (odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) limits): sharp reproduction of disc profile and vertebral end-plates (1.8 (1.3, 2.5)), intervertebral foramina and pedicles (4.3 (3.1, 5.9)), intervertebral joints (139 (59, 326)), spinous and transverse processes (7.0 (4.3, 11.2)), sacro-iliac joints (4.2 (3.2, 5.7)), reproduction of the adjacent soft tissues (2.9 (2.1, 4.0)), and absence of any obscuring superimposed gastrointestinal gas and contents (188 (66, 539)). Radiography scored better on sharp reproduction of cortical and trabecular bone (0.3 (0.2, 0.4)). The reviewers visualised disk degeneration, spondylosis/diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and intervertebral joint osteoarthritis more clearly and were more certain with low dose CT. Mean time to review low dose CT was 204 seconds (95% CI 194-214 s.), radiography 152 seconds (95% CI 146-158 s.). The effective dose for low dose CT was 1.0-1.1 mSv, for radiography 0.7 mSv. Conclusion: Low dose lumbar spine CT at about 1 mSv has superior image quality to lumbar spine radiography with more anatomical and diagnostic information.
Design sensitivity and mixing uniformity of a micro-fluidic mixer

We consider a particular hydrodynamic focusing microfluidic mixer used to initiate the folding process of individual proteins, which has been designed in a previous work and exhibited a mixing time of 0.1 μs. The aim of the current paper is twofold. First, we explore the sensitivity of mixing time to key geometric and flow parameters. In particular, we study the angle between inlets, the shape of the channel intersections, channel widths, mixer depth, mixer symmetry, inlet velocities, working fluid physical properties, and denaturant concentration thresholds. Second, we analyze the uniformity of mixing times as a function of inlet flow streamlines. We find the shape of the intersection, channel width, inlet velocity ratio, and asymmetries have strong effects on mixing time; while inlet angles, mixer depth, fluid properties, and concentration thresholds have weaker effects. Also, the uniformity of the mixing time is preserved for most of the inlet flow and distances of down to within about 0.4 μm of the mixer wall. We offer these analyses of sensitivities to imperfections in mixer geometry and flow conditions as a guide to experimental efforts which aim to fabricate and use these types of mixers. Our study also highlights key issues and provides a guide to the optimization and practical design of other microfluidic devices dependent on both geometry and flow conditions.
Mimicry and masquerade from the avian visual perspective

Several of the most celebrated examples of visual mimicry, like mimetic eggs laid by avian brood parasites and palatable insects mimicking distasteful ones, involve signals directed at the eyes of birds. Despite this, studies of mimicry from the avian visual perspective have been rare, particularly with regard to defensive mimicry and masquerade. Defensive visual mimicry, which includes Batesian and Mullerian mimicry, occurs when organisms share a visual signal that functions to deter predators. Masquerade occurs when an organism mimics an inedible or uninteresting object, such as a leaf, stick, or pebble. In this paper, I present five case studies covering diverse examples of defensive mimicry and masquerade as seen by birds. The best-known cases of defensive visual mimicry typically come from insect prey, but birds themselves can exhibit defensive visual mimicry in an attempt to escape mobbing or dissuade avian predators. Using examples of defensive visual mimicry by both insects and birds, I show how quantitative models of avian color, luminance, and pattern vision can be used to enhance our understanding of mimicry in many systems and produce new hypotheses about the evolution and diversity of signals. Overall, I investigate examples of Batesian mimicry (1 and 2), Mullerian mimicry (3 and 4), and masquerade (5) as follows: 1) Polymorphic mimicry in African mocker swallowtail butterflies; 2) Cuckoos mimicking sparrowhawks; 3) Mimicry rings in Neotropical butterflies; 4) Plumage mimicry in toxic pitohuis; and 5) Dead leaf-mimicking butterflies and mantids.
Atomistic simulations of copper oxidation and Cu/Cu2O interfaces using charge-optimized many-body potentials

Bryce Devine,1 Tzu-Ray Shan( ),1 Yu-Ting Cheng( ),1 Alan J. H. McGaughey,1,2 Minyoung Lee,2 Simon R. Phillpot,1 and Susan B. Sinnott1,* 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6400, USA 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA (Received 14 February 2011; revised manuscript received 21 July 2011; published 12 September 2011)
A Survey on Domain Name Categorization Using Artificial Neural Networks

: This paper describes automatic domain name categorization using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The categorization of Web page is one of the challenging tasks in the world of ever expanding web innovations. There are numerous methods for categorization of Web pages using distinct approach and features. In this paper using an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) proposes another dimension in the way of Web pages categorization through extracting the features automatically. The entire procedure of the proposed system is done in three progressive stages. In the first stage, the features are consequently extricated through breaking down the wellspring of the web pages. The second stage incorporates altering the information estimations of the neural system; every one of the qualities stay somewhere around 0 and 1. The variations in those qualities affect the output. At long last the third stage decides the class of a certain web page out of seven predefined classes. This stage is done utilizing back propagation algorithm of artificial neural network. The proposed idea will encourage web mining, recoveries of data from the web furthermore the search engines.
Possible Positive Selection on the Regulation of TMEM 159-ZP 2-CRYM in Human Cerebellum

At this post-genome age, we have already known that human has quite similar genome compared to its closest extant cousin, chimpanzee. It had been proposed that the changes at the regulation level rather than at the protein coding sequence level play more important roles during human evolution. In this study, we focused on the genes that are conserved among human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaques, and examined the ones that possibly went through positive selection on gene expression regulation in human. Interestingly, our study revealed one previously un-characterized gene cluster TMEM159-ZP2-CRYM that is specifically regulated in the human genome. The genes in this cluster show dramatic age-related changes in human cerebellum, specifically, they are co-up regulated at early human cerebellum post-natal developmental stage and keep their high expression levels to the whole later life span. To carry out this inter-species gene expression comparison, we had developed a new method named BITS, which is based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing data and can estimate the gene expression level for different species in more conserved and balanced way. Based on BITS method, we observed significant divergence to diversity ratio difference between protein-coding genes and pseudogenes as well as more species-specific up-regulated genes in human brain areas than in non-brain tissues. This study could be valuable for further functional study of human specific features as well as inter-species gene expression comparison. Finally, we show that the down-regulation of TMEM159-ZP2-CRYM is correlated with several human diseases, which might indicate their important functions in human cerebellum.
Applications and Experience with PCR-Based Assays to Predict Blood Group Antigens

DNA-based tests are increasingly being used to predict a blood group phenotype. This is possible because genes encoding 29 of the 30 blood group systems have been cloned and sequenced, and the molecular bases associated with most antigens have been determined. Red blood cells (RBCs) carrying a particular antigen, if introduced into the circulation of an individual who lacks that antigen, can elicit an immune response. It is the antibody from such an immune response that causes problems in clinical practice and the reason why antigen-negative blood is required for safe transfusion. The classical method of testing for blood group antigens and antibodies is hemagglutination; however, it has certain limitations, some of which can be overcome by testing DNA. Such testing allows conservation of antibodies for confirmation by hemagglutination of predicted antigen negativity. High-throughput platforms provide a means to test relatively large numbers of donors, thereby opening the door to change the way antigen-negative blood is provided to patients. This article discusses how molecular approaches can be applied in transfusion medicine, and summarizes experiences of using laboratory developed tests and DNA arrays at the New York Blood Center.
Prevalence of anaemia in urban college going girl students

Background: Anaemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. The prevalence of anaemia is alarmingly high in India. Major work regarding prevalence of anaemia has been done in pregnant females, adolescents and young children. There are relatively few limited studies in college going youth population in developing countries like India. Objective: The objective for conducting the present study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in urban, educated, young, unmarried, college going girl students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 74 urban, college going girl students in age group of 18-28 years. The haemoglobin was estimated by “Compolab”, based on broad spectrum photometric measurement of haemoglobin in unaltered whole capillary blood. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was found 36.49% in the present study. Out of the 36.49% anaemics, 35.14% were mildly anaemic that is Hb was in range of 10-11.99 gm% and only 1.35% was moderately anaemic that is Hb was in range of 7-9.99 gm%. In the present study, no subject was severely found anaemic. Conclusions: Anaemia is a multifactorial disorder. It requires a multipronged strategy for its prevention and management. The results in our study suggested that innovative strategies like good education, improving health and hygiene awareness and up liftment in socioeconomic status might be helpful in reducing the prevalence of anaemia.