Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on mining software repositories to facilitate refactoring

Software refactoring focuses on improving software quality by applying changes to the internal structure that do not alter the observable behavior. Determining which refactorings should be applied and presented to developers the most relevant and optimal refactorings is often challenging. Existing literature suggests that one of the potential sources to identify and recommend required refactorings is the past software development and evolution histories which are often archived in software repositories. In this article, we review a selection of existing literature that has attempted to propose approaches that facilitate refactoring by exploiting information mined from software repositories. Based on the reviewed papers, existing works leverage software history mining to support analysis of code smells, refactoring, and guiding software changes. First, past history information is used to detect design flaws in source code commonly referred to as code smells. Moreover, other studies analyze the evolution of code smells to establish how and when they are introduced into the code base and get resolved. Second, software repositories mining provides useful insights that can be used in predicting the need for refactoring and what specific refactoring operations are required. In addition, past history can be used in detecting and analyzing previously applied refactorings to establish software change facts, for instance, how developers refactor code and the motivation behind it. Finally, change patterns are used to predict further changes that might be required and recommend a set of files for change during a given modification task. The paper further suggests other exciting possibilities that can be pursued in the future in this research direction.
Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of asphalt binders blended with waste bio-shell powder

ABSTRACT Bio-shell is a renewable bio-waste resource being used to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly pavement materials. In this study, bio-shell was mixed with asphalt to prepare bio-shell-modified asphalt. The modified asphalt was divided into four groups with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of waste bio-shells. The morphology of the bio-shell was investigated by scanning electron microscopy tests. Penetration, softening point, and ductility tests were performed to analyse the basic physical properties of bio-shell asphalt. Dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer were used to high and low-temperature rheological properties of the bio-shell-modified asphalt. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy were used to analyse the atomic distribution and relative content of bio-shell-modified asphalt and reveal the modification mechanism. Atomic force microscopy was employed to observe the nano-microscopic morphology of the bio-shell-modified asphalt, and to analyse the changes of the bee structures in the asphalt. The results showed that the high-temperature rheology of 15% bio-shell asphalt was the best. The rutting factors of the asphalt increased by 38%, 43%, 45%, 50%, 55% and 63% at temperatures of 40°C, 46°C, 52°C, 58°C, 64°C and 70°C, respectively, compared to the matrix asphalt.
Auto-recognition of typhoon cloud based on boundary features

Typhoon has different characteristics, such as texture, shape, and area, in different development stages. We could not automatically recognize the typhoon clouds in all stages based on these features. During different development stages, ty-phoon all has helicity and non-typhoon has no helicity. Based on this, we extract boundary information of clouds and statistics of the rotation degree of boundary clouds in single satellite image. In this paper, we use curvature curve of Bezier histogram to ob-tain two segmentation thresholds, iteratively segment the satellite image, and combine typhoon’s geometric features, such as ro-tation, area and shape to recognize the typhoon. Experimental results show that the typhoon can be recognized effectively in all different development stages.
Effect of Vegetable Oils or Glycerol on the In Vitro Ruminal Production of Greenhouse Gases

The objective of this research was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation parameters and in vitro Greenhouse gas (GHG) production derived from the fermentation of a balanced sheep diet with the addition of vegetable oils (canola, corn, safflower, and sunflower) or glycerol at different proportions (0, 20, and 40 g/kg of dry matter, DM). The fermentations showed that the highest Gmax was obtained with the addition of 40 g/kg of sunflower oil and 20 g/kg of glycerol with values of 180.97 and 179.95 mL/g DM, respectively. The treatment with 40 g/kg DM of corn oil showed the lowest values in CH4 production (7.15 mL/g DM when compared to the control) and it seemed to be a potential feeding strategy for reducing GHG emissions without affecting gas production. However, the N-NH3 content for this treatment in both doses (1.90 and 1.88 mg/dL) indicated that some toxicity for the animal could be expected.
An improved MIMO-SAR simulator strategy with ray tracing

High resolution and wide-swath imaging can be obtained by Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with the state of the art technologies. The time division multiple access (TDMA) MIMO SAR mimics the motion of the antenna of SAR systems by switching the array channels to transmit the radar signals at different time slots. In this paper, we develop a simulation tool with ray tracing techniques to retrieve high resolution and accurate SAR images for development of MIMO SAR imaging methods. Without loss of generality, in the proposed simulator, we apply a TDMA MIMO SAR system with 13 transmitting antennas and 8 receiving antennas, where all transmitting antennas share a single transmitter and the receiving antennas share a single receiver. By comparing with the normal simulation MIMO SAR strategies, the simulation image using ray tracing results validate that the proposed method provides more accurate and higher resolution SAR images.
Nucleosynthesis in neutrino-driven, aspherical Population III supernovae

Abstract We investigate explosive nucleosynthesis during neutrino-driven, aspherical supernova (SN) explosion aided by standing accretion shock instability (SASI), based on two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the explosion of 11, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40M⊙ stars with zero metallicity. The magnitude and asymmetry of the explosion energy are estimated with simulations, for a given set of neutrino luminosities and temperatures, not as in the previous study in which the explosion is manually and spherically initiated by means of a thermal bomb or a piston and also some artificial mixing procedures are applied for the estimate of abundances of the SN ejecta. By post-processing calculations with a large nuclear reaction network, we have evaluated abundances and masses of ejecta from the aspherical SNe. We find that matter mixing induced via SASI is important for the abundant production of nuclei with atomic number ≥ 21, in particular Sc, which is underproduced in the spherical models without artificial mixing. We also find that the IMF-averaged abundances are similar to those observed in extremely metal poor stars. However, observed [K/Fe] cannot be reproduced with our aspherical SN models.
A Reconfigurable Two-Stage 11 kW DC–DC Resonant Converter for EV Charging With a 150–1000 V Output Voltage Range

In this article, a reconfigurable two-stage dc/dc resonant topology with a wide output voltage range of 150–1000 V is proposed for electric vehicle (EV) charging with high efficiency over the entire load range. The proposed topology consists of an LLC resonant converter with dual secondary sides; two interleaved triangular current mode (TCM) buck converters, and three additional auxiliary switches for reconfiguration. Two possible arrangements of the proposed topology are considered and compared. The analytical model of the topology is developed, which is used for the efficiency estimation of different configurations and the design of the prototype converter. An 11 kW hardware demonstrator is built and tested. The maximum measured efficiency of the converter is 97.66%, with a >95% efficiency over the complete 150–1000 V range at full power. The proposed two-stage converter achieves the widest output voltage range reported in literature for resonant power converters (RPCs), thereby capable of charging existing and future EVs very efficiently over any charging cycle.
Human Seasonal Influenza Viruses in Swine Workers in Lagos, Nigeria: Consequences for Animal and Public Health

The influenza A virus has been scarcely investigated in pigs in Africa, with rare detection prior to 2009. The spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 changed the epidemiology due to frequent human-to-swine transmission and the emergence of various new reassortants. This study therefore aimed at estimating the level of circulation and characterizing influenza A viruses at the interface between swine workers, who are crucial players in the inter-species transmission of influenza A viruses, and their animals in several farms in Nigeria, a hub for pig production in Africa. This cross-sectional study showed that 24.6% (58/236) of the pig serum samples collected in 2013–2014 had anti-influenza A antibodies in the absence of vaccination programs, but none of the pig swabs (n = 1193) were positive according to RT-qPCR. Viral RNA was detected in 0.9% (2/229) of swine workers sampled at their place of work, and the strains were characterized as A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal A(H3N2). Our results highlight that more awareness of swine workers regarding the consequences of reverse zoonosis for animal and public health is warranted. Annual vaccination and the wearing of masks when experiencing influenza-like symptoms would help decrease influenza inter-species transmission, while surveillance should be adequately supported for early detection.
Technology-enhanced or Technology-exhausted Learning in Adult Migrant Literacy Education in Finland: Exploring Teachers’ Experiences and Views in Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Times

This exploratory mixed data study investigated the role of technology in adult migrant language and late literacy education in Finland. In addition to an online pre-pandemic survey targeted at Finnish language and literacy teachers, four in-service teachers were interviewed during the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2020. With means of qualitative content analysis an account of teachers’ individual experiences and views of technology-equipped language and literacy learning was generated. Problematic issues were the use of devices for educational purposes, lacking user experience, inadequate provision of suitable devices, IT courses, and insufficient support for learners and teachers, causing inequality. Teachers reported of various ways to ensure and enable device access and learning opportunities, resulting particularly during pandemic times in high workloads. The emergency remote teaching circumstances during this global health crisis posed an enormous additional challenge for teachers and students. Findings raise questions about the pedagogical cost of the pandemic for adult migrant literacy education in Finland and call for discussions on post-pandemic changes on a national and international level.
Opacity, Transparency, and the Ethics of Affective Computing

Human opacity is the intrinsic quality of unknowability of human beings with respect to machines. The descriptive relationship between humans and machines, which captures how much information one can gather about the other, can be explicated using an opacity-transparency relationship. This relationship allows us to describe and normatively evaluate a spectrum of opacity where humans and machines may be either opaque or transparent. In this paper, we argue that the advent of Affective Computing (AC) has begun to shift the ideal position of humans on this spectrum towards greater transparency, while much of this technology is shifting towards opacity. We explore the implications of this shift with regard to the affective information of humans and how the threat to human opacity by AC systems has various adverse repercussions, such as infringement of one's autonomy, deception, manipulation, and increased anxiety. There are also distributive consequences that expose vulnerable groups to unjustified burdens and reduce them to mere profiles. We further provide an assessment of current AC technology, which follows the descriptive relationship between humans and machines from the lens of opacity and transparency. Finally, we foresee and address three possible objections to our claims. These are the beneficence of AC systems, their relation to privacy, and their restrictive capacity to capture human affects. Through these arguments, the paper aims to bring attention to the ontological relationship between humans and machines from the perspective of opacity and transparency while emphasizing on the gravity of the ethical concerns raised by their threat to human opacity.
Changes in Functional Connectivity of Hippocampal Subregions in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Six Months of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment

Previous studies have shown that the structural and functional impairments of hippocampal subregions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are related to cognitive impairment. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment can improve the clinical symptoms of OSA. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate functional connectivity (FC) changes in hippocampal subregions of patients with OSA after six months of CPAP treatment (post-CPAP) and its relationship with neurocognitive function. We collected and analyzed baseline (pre-CPAP) and post-CPAP data from 20 patients with OSA, including sleep monitoring, clinical evaluation, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed that compared with pre-CPAP OSA patients, the FC between the right anterior hippocampal gyrus and multiple brain regions, and between the left anterior hippocampal gyrus and posterior central gyrus were reduced in post-CPAP OSA patients. By contrast, the FC between the left middle hippocampus and the left precentral gyrus was increased. The changes in FC in these brain regions were closely related to cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, our findings suggest that CPAP treatment can effectively change the FC patterns of hippocampal subregions in patients with OSA, facilitating a better understanding of the neural mechanisms of cognitive function improvement, and emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment of OSA.
Language Choice in Intermarriages Indonesian and Japanese: Indonesian Wife's Life Story Study on Language Inheritance in Japan

This study aims to determine the language choice of intermarriage families of Indonesian women and Japanese men in Japan, the factors that determine the language choice, and the implications of language choice. The informants of this study are 8 Indonesian wives who married Japanese men living in Japan. The analysis results show that the primary language used at home is that Japanese wives have a dominant role in determining the language choice in the family. The informants’ mother tongue was deficient and used only in certain situations, namely when angry and joking. This causes children to have difficulty communicating with Indonesian families. Several factors determining the language choice in intermarriage families include residence, wife and husband's language skills, enthusiasm and effort to convey the Indonesian wife's mother tongue to children, Japanese family support, knowledge of language education for children, attitude towards language, psychological situation, and child development. Indonesian wives need knowledge of bilingual education so that children can communicate in Indonesian and Japanese. Therefore, in intermarriages, primary marriages of Indonesian wives and Japanese husbands in Japan, where the environment, facilities, and opportunities to learn Indonesian are limited, it is necessary to plan and discuss with partners how to use the language at home, language education for children, and extra effort if Indonesian wives want the children to have bilingual abilities or to be able to communicate in both the Indonesian and Japanese.
ACTIVE DISTURBANCE REJECTION CONTROL:METHODOLOGY AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

The paper first gives a comprehensive comparison of the frame of the Active Disturbance Rejection Control(AQDRC) with other methods for controlling uncertain systems, which includes the adaptive control,robust control,disturbance observers based methods,etc. Then the process of theoretical analysis for ADRC,mainly concluding the convergence of the tracking differentiator(TD),the capabilities of the extended state observer(ESO) for estimating uncertainties and the performance of the ADRC based closed-loop system is reviewed.Finally, ADRC's contributions to the research of controlling uncertain systems are concluded.
Do project quality and founder information signals always matter? Evidence from equity and reward crowdfunding

This study provides a comparative analysis of the success factors of equity and reward-based crowdfunding. We find that information signals related to venture/project quality are important determinants of both equity-based and reward-based crowdfunding success. However, signals on founder information matter only for equity-based but not for reward-based crowdfunding. Our study exemplifies the varying role of success factors that depend on the type of crowdfunding projects and provides a basis for further research to compare different forms of crowdfunding.
Bayesian neural networks with physics‐aware regularization for probabilistic travel time modeling

The integration of data‐driven models such as neural networks for high‐consequence decision making has been largely hindered by their lack of predictive power away from training data and their inability to quantify uncertainties often prevalent in engineering applications. This article presents an ensembling method with function‐space regularization, which allows to integrate prior information about the function of interest, thus improving generalization performance, while enabling quantification of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. This framework is applied to build a probabilistic ambulance travel time predictor, leveraging historical ambulance data provided by the Fire Department of New York City. Results show that the integration of a non‐Gaussian likelihood and prior information from a road network analysis yields appropriate probabilistic predictions of travel times, which could be further leveraged for emergency medical service (EMS) decision making.
Effects of Humic Acid Extracted from Organic Waste Composts on Turnip Culture (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) in a Sandy Soil

Adding humic acid to soil can improve soil structure and fertility, which can lead to better plant growth and higher crop yields. Extracting humic acid from compost is a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to obtain a valuable organic material. Humic acid (HA) can be extracted from compost relatively easily and at a low cost, making it an attractive option for farmers. In this study, we investigated the use of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and immature horse manure (IHM) as bulking agents for the composting of separated municipal solid waste (SMSW) and the extraction and characterization of humic acid from the mature composts produced. Fertilizing solutions containing different concentrations of humic acid were prepared and used to evaluate their effects on turnip crop growth and various biochemical parameters during cultivation. The results showed that the humic acid extracted from the composts had high yields and were rich in elemental carbon. The application of humic acid at both low and high concentrations resulted in a significant improvement in all the parameters measured except for the total protein in the roots, which did not differ significantly between the humic acid concentrations. The yield, root diameter and fresh weight increased significantly, and the leaf area was proportional to the humic acid concentration of the solution used. The highest increase in chlorophyll a content was observed in the treatment of humic acid extracted from composts C2 and C3 at a concentration of 0.1 gL -1 , with an increase of 31% and 37%, respectively, compared to the control. The use of humic acid provided by co-compost can be considered a successful management strategy for degraded sandy soils and sustainable agriculture production in sandy poor soils worldwide.
Loneliness and Social Isolation among Transgender and Gender Diverse People

Here, we report the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation and investigate the levels of loneliness and social isolation among transgender and gender diverse people using cross-sectional data from the HH-TPCHIGV study. Using the De Jong Gierveld tool, we assess loneliness, using the Bude and Lantermann tool, we assess perceived social isolation and using the Lubben Social Network Scale, we assess objective social isolation. The prevalence rate of loneliness was 83.3% (perceived social isolation: 77.7%; objective social isolation: 34.4%). Regressions revealed that favorable outcomes (i.e., lower loneliness levels, lower perceived social isolation, and lower objective social isolation) were consistently associated with higher school education. Beyond that, we identify an association between particularly poor health-related factors and higher loneliness and objective social isolation levels. We also report that unemployment was significantly associated with higher levels of perceived social isolation. In conclusion, we show high prevalence rates of loneliness and social isolation among transgender and gender diverse people. Additionally, important correlates (e.g., education, health-related factors, or unemployment) were identified. Such knowledge may provide help to address transgender and gender diverse people at risk for loneliness and social isolation.
A Structural Network Analysis of Neuronal ArhGAP21/23 Interactors by Computational Modeling

RhoGTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) play multiple roles in neuronal development; however, details of their substrate recognition system remain elusive. ArhGAP21 and ArhGAP23 are RhoGAPs that contain N-terminal PDZ and pleckstrin homology domains. In the present study, the RhoGAP domain of these ArhGAPs was computationally modeled by template-based methods and the AlphaFold2 software program, and their intrinsic RhoGTPase recognition mechanism was analyzed from the domain structures using the protein docking programs HADDOCK and HDOCK. ArhGAP21 was predicted to preferentially catalyze Cdc42, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, and RhoG and to downregulate RhoD and Tc10 activities. Regarding ArhGAP23, RhoA and Cdc42 were deduced to be its substrates, whereas RhoD downregulation was predicted to be less efficient. The PDZ domains of ArhGAP21/23 possess the FTLRXXXVY sequence, and similar globular folding consists of antiparalleled β-sheets and two α-helices that are conserved with PDZ domains of MAST-family proteins. A peptide docking analysis revealed the specific interaction of the ArhGAP23 PDZ domain with the PTEN C-terminus. The pleckstrin homology domain structure of ArhGAP23 was also predicted, and the functional selectivity for the interactors regulated by the folding and disordered domains in ArhGAP21 and ArhGAP23 was examined by an in silico analysis. An interaction analysis of these RhoGAPs revealed the existence of mammalian ArhGAP21/23-specific type I and type III Arf- and RhoGTPase-regulated signaling. Multiple recognition systems of RhoGTPase substrates and selective Arf-dependent localization of ArhGAP21/23 may form the basis of the functional core signaling necessary for synaptic homeostasis and axon/dendritic transport regulated by RhoGAP localization and activities.