Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Predictors of Negative and Positive Affect among People with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined the predictors of negative and positive affect among individuals with dementia. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 Jordanian participants diagnosed with dementia was recruited from residential care facilities, and data were collected using different measures. Results: The results revealed that higher levels of negative affect were significantly associated with increased physical and verbal agitation among individuals with dementia. Conversely, lower levels of positive affect were associated with residing in a nursing home. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of recognizing the impact of both negative and positive affect on the well-being of individuals with dementia. Interventions targeting the reduction of negative affect and promoting positive affect could alleviate agitation and enhance emotional closeness in this population.
Extended riverflow reconstructions for England and Wales, 1865–2002

Most riverflow records in the United Kingdom are relatively short, with some of the longest continuous series beginning in the late 1950s. In contrast, rainfall records are plentiful with many extending back into the early decades of the nineteenth century. Earlier works have developed a method for reconstructing riverflow data from the longer rainfall series. The work reported here extends previous reconstructions from the middle of the 1990s to 2002. The inclusion of recent very wet periods has allowed a more comprehensive validation of the reconstruction model. Comparisons of reconstructed and observed flows for 1980–2002 imply that land‐use changes have had little effect on flows, at least at the monthly time step. In addition, for some catchments, the inadequacy of flow‐gauging installations under such extreme flow conditions is discussed. The reconstructions could prove useful for flow naturalisation for some catchments. The wet autumn of 2000 and the ensuing hydrological extremes during 2000 and 2001 are put into the context of the full 1865–2002 flow reconstructions. For 1980–2002, there were few low flow periods. The years 1984, 1989 and especially 1995 rank in the five lowest flows since 1865 on more than one catchment, but low flows during 1870, 1887, 1921, 1933/4 and 1976 were more spatially extensive. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Cenozoic thermal evolution and tectonics of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia: 1. Fission track dating, apparent uplift rates, and patterns of uplift

The high relief of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia has been produced in part by rapid late Neogene uplift. The relationship of this uplift to the presently diverse and complex plate tectonic regime off the west coast of British Columbia, however, is not clear-cut. To study this problem, the areal patterns, rates, and total amounts of Cenozoic uplift from 50° to 55°N have been determined by using fission track dating of zircon and apatite separated from rocks collected at high and low altitudes along several traverses through the mountains. Accepting closure temperatures of 105°C ± 10°C and 175°C ± 20°C for apatite and zircon, respectively, and a likely closure temperature difference between zircon and apatite of 70° ± 15°C, paleogeothermal gradients have been measured at Kemano ( °C/km 35 Ma ago) and near Ocean Falls-King Island ( °C/km 20 Ma ago). Subcrustal heat flow is suggested to have significantly increased in the late Neogene near King Island. Uplift rates in the axial part of the northern (52°–55°N) Coast Mountains were 0.1–0.2 km/Ma from 25 to 15 Ma ago; this uplift was temporally and tectonically related to part of the subsidence in the adjacent Queen Charlotte basin. Uplift rates increased somewhat in the Late Miocene to about 0.4 km/Ma, probably due to passage of the Anahim “hot spot” beneath the area. Late Miocene-Recent erosion in the north (52°–55°N) has reduced summit altitudes and been more extensive than farther south. Despite this, relicts of Miocene river valleys and topography are still locally preserved, partly beneath 7–10 Ma basalts. The area of the present southern (50° to 52°N) Coast Mountains was near sea level and experienced very low uplift rates ( 0.5 km/Ma) of the southern Coast Mountains. The profile of this uplift was broadly plateaulike, and this uplift led to the inversion of the Miocene coastal topography. Middle Cenozoic uplift from 52° to 55°N was probably the result of denudation and diminishing uplift after the terminal Paleocene-Eocene orogenic episode which grossly thickened the crust. This middle Cenozoic erosion resulted in the restoration of a normal crustal thickness. Late Neogene uplift in the Coast Mountains was the result of thermal expansion in the mantle caused by a mantle hot spot near 53°N and changes in the geometry of the subducted slab farther south.
Fully Convolutional Spectral–Spatial Fusion Network Integrating Supervised Contrastive Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral image classification using deep learning techniques has received great attention in recent years, considering the powerful spatial feature mining ability of deep learning. Fully convolutional network is an effective deep learning architecture that exploits spatial contextual information through a hierarchical convolutional structure. However, it often ignores the relationships between samples of the same category and different categories within the global context. Therefore, a fully convolutional spectral–spatial fusion network based on supervised contrastive learning (FCSCL) is proposed for hyperspectral image classification to enhance the separability between different categories and class aggregation among the same category. In the FCSCL framework, the spectral–spatial fusion classification network is developed to capture subtle spectral variations and spatial patterns by adaptively fusing the features extracted by the spectral branch and spatial branch. To improve intraclass compactness and interclass separability, the SCL module is integrated into the FCSCL framework. The positive and negative sample pairs are constructed by the designed hard example pairs sampling strategy. These constructed sample pairs are used to guide the network to learn more discriminative feature representations that pixels of the same category are closer to each other and pixels of different categories are pushed further apart in the feature space. The experiments using three public hyperspectral datasets verify the effectiveness of the FCSCL algorithm, and the FCSCL method achieves better classification performance.
A Comparative Study of Conventional Pumped-Storage Hydropower (C-PSH) and Ternary Pumped-Storage Hydropower (T-PSH) Systems Integrated with Wind Generation

The impact of renewable energy resources and energy storage systems (ESS) on power system operation is examined in this study, with a focus on their ability to provide primary frequency reserve, alleviate capacity needs, manage congestion, support voltage and reactive power, and enhance reliability at reduced costs. Specifically, the integration of wind energy with ternary pumped-storage hydropower (T-PSH) and conventional pumped-storage hydropower (C-PSH) systems is assessed using a 10-bus system and GE Positive Sequence Load Flow (PSLF) software. Various contingency scenarios, including wind farm generation loss and loss of load, are considered to evaluate the performance of the system. The study aims to optimize the dynamic models and grid connection of PSH systems to maximize their effectiveness and fulfill grid load requirements.
Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) Based on Pseudo-Siamese Stacked Autoencoders in Fog Computing

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the 5G era has resulted in increased security vulnerabilities and zero-day attacks, underscoring the importance of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). However, existing NIDS have limitations in terms of accuracy, recall rates, false alarm rates, and generalization capabilities, and they cannot meet the IoT's requirements for low latency and limited computing resources. To overcome these challenges, we propose a NIDS based on a pseudo-siamese stacked autoencoder (PSSAE), deployed in the fog computing layer. Our system uses unsupervised training of stacked autoencoders (SAEs) to extract deep semantic features of normal and abnormal traffic, followed by supervised learning with labels to improve characterization and classification capabilities. The results show that our proposed method's accuracy and detection rate (DR) is 2% to 15% and 1%–14% higher than the existing techniques using the KDDTest+ dataset, respectively. Our proposed method outperformed the existing methods by 1% to 4% using the KDDTest+ dataset. The F1-Score is higher by 3%–11.55% using the KDDTest+ dataset. On the other hand, using the KDDTest-21 dataset, the accuracy of our proposed method also outperformed the existing technique by 6.09%–13.81%. The DR and F1-Score are higher by 7.02% and 5.57%, respectively, using the KDDTest+ dataset. This is due to the fact that each layer of the network trained by SAEs is more capable of extracting the semantic features of the data than the DNN-trained network directly.
Barium silicates in stratabound Ba-Zn mineralization in the Scottish Dalradian

Abstract Barium feldspar and barian muscovite are major constituents of the Aberfeldy Ba-Zn mineralization. Celsian varies from equigranular to a platy habit in quartz-celsian rock and forms porphyroblasts in schist and marble. Hyalophane is less common. Barian muscovite is a major component of the schist in the mineralized zone. Celsian (> 80 % Cn) and/or hyalophane coexist with muscovite containing c.6% Ba, and c.8. 5% Ba was measured in muscovite from one feldspar-free specimen. Cymrite separated from foliated quartz-celsian rock conformed to the formula BaAl2Si2O8·H2O. The rock textures reflect regional metamorphism, but it is believed that the barium silicates are ultimately authigenic in origin. The platy habit of much of the celsian may have been inherited from cymrite formed during the development of tectonic fabrics.
Domestic verses foreign borrowing: Does the mode of fiscal deficit financing matter for inflation in Sub-Saharan African countries?

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between fiscal deficit financing and inflation in sub-Saharan African countries and determine whether the mode of fiscal deficit financing selected in the economy matters for inflation. The panel data sourced from 45 sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2020 was used for analysis with domestic and foreign borrowing as the main independent variables and the consumer price index as the dependent variable. The study used two-step GMM econometric analysis as the main econometric model with a scaling quantity analysis model to test for the relative effect of the deficit financing tools on inflation. The results show that deficit financing through foreign and domestic borrowing positively influences inflation among sub-Saharan African countries and the severity of the effect on inflation differs between the two modes of deficit financing. This is shown by the domestic borrowing's scaling quantity analysis value of 0.12 against 0.08 for the foreign borrowing. The practical implication of this study is that fiscal deficit financing is inflationary and domestic borrowing causes more inflation than foreign borrowing. Sub-Saharan African governments must therefore make efforts to reduce the fiscal deficit because of the increasing impact of the budget deficit on inflation whenever it is funded. However, foreign borrowing should be preferred to domestic borrowing because it achieves the macroeconomic goal of financing the budget deficit with a lower inflationary effect in cases where deficit financing is unavoidable.
Modern Foraminiferal Bio-facies within a Transgressive Saline Influenced Deltaic Headland, South-Central Louisiana

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GenEditID: an open-access platform for the high-throughput identification of CRISPR 1 edited cell

25 CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing is a powerful tool to reveal genotype-phenotype 26 relationships, but identifying cell clones carrying desired edits remains challenging. To 27 address this issue we developed GenEditID, a flexible, open-access platform for sample 28 tracking, analysis and integration of multiplexed deep sequencing and proteomic data, and 29 intuitive plate-based data visualisation to facilitate gene edited clone identification. To 30 demonstrate the scalability and sensitivity of this method, we identified KO clones in parallel 31 from multiplexed targeting experiments, and optimised conditions for single base editing 32 using homology directed repair. GenEditID enables non-specialist groups to expand their 33 gene targeting efforts, facilitating the study of genetically complex human disease. 34
Variation of early summer and annual temperature in east Taymir and Putoran (Siberia) over the last two millennia inferred from tree rings

Regional tree ring chronology with extension 2209 years (from 212 B.C. till 1996 A.D.) was built for east Taymir and Putoran according to wood of living trees, well-preserved remains of dead trees, and subfossil wood from alluvial bank deposits by the cross-dating method. In addition, the “floating” tree ring width chronology for the period of Holocene optimum (3300–2600 B.C.) was built with extention 685 years and supported by several radiocarbon dates. High values of synchrony and correlation of individual tree ring series show a prevailing effect of one external factor on radial tree growth change in the studied region of the Siberian subarctic. It was established that the main factors of growth variability are the early summer and annual temperature, which explain up to 70% of tree growth rate variability. Cyclic components stable for two millennia were revealed at analysis of the tree ring chronology: double secular (∼180 years), secular (78–90 years), and intrasecular (44, 28, 11, and 6.7–6.9 years) variations. Models for reconstruction of the early summer and annual air temperature were obtained according to tree ring variability. Temperature dynamics in the eastern part of Taymir for the last two millenia agree well with temperature variations in the Northern Hemisphere obtained according to other indirect sources. The warming of the middle of the twentieth century is not extraordinary. The warming at the end of the first and beginning of the second millennia (“Medieval Warm Period”) was longer in time and closer in amplitude.
Association Between Perceived Stress and Salivary Biomarkers of Allostatic Load Among Gender Minorities in Chennai: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Background Transgender individuals in India experience immense psychosocial stressors, stigma, and violence. In response to stress, the body exhibits adaptive responses that necessitate the production of organic chemicals ensuing in the detection of blood serum and saliva. There are currently no laboratory tests that are confirmatory for the diagnosis of stress and facilitate necessary treatment to be carried out in a timely manner. Thus, potential salivary biomarkers could be a helpful tool in overseeing the efficacy of pharmacological treatment prescribed by a psychiatrist. Aim This study aimed to assess the correlation between perceived stress and salivary stress biomarker levels in transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals in Chennai, India. Methodology Twenty-two TGNC individuals and 22 age-matched controls in Chennai were administered the Perceived Stress Scale-10 questionnaire. Following this, their saliva samples were collected using the passive drool technique and subjected to sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for measuring salivary cortisol, salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP). Independent t-test was used to compare salivary stress biomarker levels between the TGNC and age-matched control groups. Pearson’s correlation test was done to correlate perceived stress and salivary stress biomarker levels in the TGNC group. Results Significant difference was seen between the TGNC and control groups with respect to salivary cortisol and salivary TNF-alpha levels, with the levels being higher in the TGNC group. A significant positive correlation was seen between perceived stress and salivary cortisol and between perceived stress and salivary TNF-alpha levels. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between perceived stress and salivary biomarkers of stress among TGNC people in Chennai.
British Asians and football

"A Postcolonial People" is a lively, critical survey of contemporary South Asian Britain that fills a conspicuous gap in the literature. This specially commissioned book combines conceptually innovative analysis with empirically rich studies to map out the diversity of the British Asian way of life. The migration and settlement of South Asians in large numbers in Britain is examined in the context of the postcolonial condition, in which boundaries between the West and Rest, centre and periphery, home and abroad are increasingly blurred. The contributors provide both fresh insights and vital information on the Asian British experience in its socio-economic, historical and cultural dimensions. The topics covered include: identity, the transformation of urban space, policing, healthcare, electoral politics, music, British Asian theatre and cinema.
Development and Evaluation of a Portable Device for Measuring Curlingand Warping in Concrete Pavements

Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement undergoes repeated environmental load-related deflection resulting from temperature and moisture variations across pavement depth. This has been recognized as resulting in PCC pavement curling and warping since the mid-1920s. Slab curvature can be further magnified under repeated traffic loads and may ultimately lead to fatigue failures, including top-down and bottom-up transverse, longitudinal, and corner cracking. It is therefore significant to measure the “true” degree of curling and warping in PCC pavements, not only for quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) purposes, but also for better understanding of its relationship to long-term pavement performance. Although several approaches and devices—including linear variable differential transducers (LVDTs), digital indicators, and some profilers—have been proposed for measuring curling and warping, their application in the field is subject to cost, inconvenience, and complexity of operation. This research therefore explores developing an economical and simple device for measuring curling and warping in concrete pavements with accuracy comparable to or better than existing methodologies. Technical requirements were identified to establish assessment criteria for development, and field tests were conducted to modify the device to further enhancement. The finalized device is about 12 inches in height and 18 pounds in weight, and its manufacturing cost is just $320. Detailed development procedures and evaluation results for the new curling and warping measuring device are presented and discussed, with a focus on achieving reliable curling and warping measurements in a cost-effective manner.
V2VFormer++: Multi-Modal Vehicle-to-Vehicle Cooperative Perception via Global-Local Transformer

Multi-vehicle cooperative perception has recently emerged for facilitating long-range and large-scale perception ability of connected automated vehicles (CAVs). Nonetheless, enormous efforts formulate collaborative perception as LiDAR-only 3D detection paradigm, neglecting the significance and complementary of dense image. In this work, we construct the first multi-modal vehicle-to-vehicle cooperative perception framework dubbed as V2VFormer++, where individual camera-LiDAR representation is incorporated with dynamic channel fusion (DCF) at bird’s-eye-view (BEV) space and ego-centric BEV maps from adjacent vehicles are aggregated by global-local transformer module. Specifically, channel-token mixer (CTM) with MLP design is developed to capture global response among neighboring CAVs, and position-aware fusion (PAF) further investigate the spatial correlation between each ego-networked map in a local perspective. In this manner, we could strategically determine which CAVs are desirable for collaboration and how to aggregate the foremost information from them. Quantitative and qualitative experiments are conducted on both publicly-available OPV2V and V2X-Sim 2.0 benchmarks, and our proposed V2VFormer++ reports the state-of-the-art cooperative perception performance, demonstrating its effectiveness and advancement. Moreover, ablation study and visualization analysis further suggest the strong robustness against diverse disturbances from real-world scenarios.
Life-Threatening Cardiac Arrhythmias in a Case of Undetected Myxedema Coma: Importance of Early Detection and Medication Adherence

Patient: Female, 59-year-old Final Diagnosis: Myxedema coma Symptoms: Altered mental status • lethargy • right sided weakness • syncope • urinary incontinence Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology • Endocrinology and Metabolic Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Myxedema coma is a rare, life-threatening condition caused by a severe form of hypothyroidism. The dangerously low levels of circulating thyroid hormone can lead to progressive mental status changes and numerous organ dysfunctions, including serious cardiac abnormalities. Case Report: We present a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with altered mental status and fall who was originally thought to have a cerebrovascular accident but was later diagnosed with myxedema coma, after multiple cardiac arrests. It was discovered that the patient had not been taking any of her medications for the last several weeks, after her primary care provider retired from practice. Initial laboratory evaluation was significant for a TSH level of 159.419 mIU/L and an undetectable free T4 level. Complications of the myxedema coma resulted in QTC interval prolongation, causing torsades de pointes and sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, requiring cardioversion. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the importance of early detection and treatment of myxedema coma, as it can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. It also emphasizes the need to ensure proper medication adherence in patients with chronic medical conditions, as non-compliance can result in dire consequences.
Cratering and radioactivity results from a nuclear cratering detonation in basalt

A summary of the cratering and radioactivity release data from project Danny Boy, a recent 0.42-kt nuclear cratering detonation in basalt, is presented. The detonation was at a depth of 33.5 m and produced a crater about 32.5 m in radius and 19 m deep. Comparison of the crater dimensions with past cratering results in basalt shows that the Danny Boy crater agrees with these data when W1/3.4 scaling is used and an equivalence between chemical and nuclear explosives is assumed. Integration of the fallout pattern shows that about 4 per cent of the radioactivity produced in the explosion escaped from the crater and appeared as fallout. The disposition of the radioactivity in the crater area and in the fallout is given. On the basis of the above results, it is concluded that both the cratering results and the radioactivity-release results are well within predictions made before the event.