Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atom based RF electric field sensing

Atom-based measurements of length, time, gravity, inertial forces and electromagnetic fields are receiving increasing attention. Atoms possess properties that suggest clear advantages as self calibrating platforms for measurements of these quantities. In this review, we describe work on a new method for measuring radio frequency (RF) electric fields based on quantum interference using either Cs or Rb atoms contained in a dielectric vapor cell. Using a bright resonance prepared within an electromagnetically induced transparency window it is possible to achieve high sensitivities, <1 μV cm−1 Hz−1/2, and detect small RF electric fields < 1 ? > μV cm−1 with a modest setup. Some of the limitations of the sensitivity are addressed in the review. The method can be used to image RF electric fields and can be adapted to measure the vector electric field amplitude. Extensions of Rydberg atom-based electrometry for frequencies up to the terahertz regime are described.
Spectroscopic interference microscopy technique for measurement of layer parameters

A novel method is proposed for the measurement of layer parameters using spectroscopic double-beam interference microscopy. The contribution of each partial wave reflected from the layer interfaces to the interferogram is treated separately and the total interferogram is obtained as their coherent sum. When an annulus aperture is used, an analytic expression is derived for the interferogram that allows fast direct comparison between measured and calculated spectra from which refractive indices and thickness of layers can be determined simultaneously. Subnanometre accuracy of the film thickness measurement is shown to be possible.
Liquid-level sensor based on fiber Bragg grating and carbon fiber composite diaphragm

A novel liquid-level sensor based on fiber Bragg grating and carbon fiber composite diaphragm is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing principle and finite element analysis result are described. From the experimental result, this sensor shows high sensitivity and good repeatability. This sensor can find applications in the area of the liquid level sensing.
Field‐enhanced propagation of corona streamers

Experiments are described in which the lengths of positive and negative streamers, propagating within a region characterized by a uniform electric field, are determined as a function of field strength. Streamers were generated from the application of a short rise-time voltage pulse to a point electrode and from field-induced hydrodynamic instability of a falling water drop. Positive streamers display marked length enhancement with ambient electric fields in the direction of propagation greater than about 6×105 v m−1 and lengths apparently limited only by the spatial extent of the field above about 7×105 v m−1, depending somewhat upon the absolute humidity of the air. Negative streamers show only a small length enhancement with ambient fields as high as 8×105 v m−1. The results with positive streamers are discussed in terms of a model in which the propagating tip becomes isolated from its anode source and derives energy from interaction with the ambient electric field. Since the ambient field within an active thundercloud may reasonably attain the necessary strength for long-range propagation, these results suggest that positive streamer processes may be very important in charge drainage and in altering the droplet charge spectrum.
Quantum Fact and Fiction III

Electron diffraction was shown in Part I to be due to the quantum-mechanical activity of the diffractor rather than to a fictional wave-picture manifestation of the diffracted particles. Part II aims at eliminating further fictional elements, most of them based on inconsistency of interpretation. The controversy between the extremist views of Schrodinger and Born, either frequency resonance or quantum jumps, is removed by showing that consistency compels one to admit both to occur simultaneously. Attempts at saving duality and other fictions are criticized, such as the contention that (1) “duality is a fact” seen in the contrast of obvious particle effects and not so obvious particle effects, (2) that particles are material and waves are expectations by observing subjects, (3) that statistical law means the end of the sharp separation between subject and object, (4) that Heisenberg's empirical rule for the uncertainty of prediction means indeterminacy of existence. It is pointed out that quantum mechanics.
D-Levels locally homogeneous graphs

Abstract This article introduces the concept of a D-levels locally homogeneous graph which forms a special type of self-centered graphs. Some results relating D-levels locally homogeneous graphs to diametrical graphs (which are also self-centered) are obtained. Diametrical graphs of small order (≤ 8) are shown to be D-levels locally homogeneous. When the diameter is 2, it is shown that the concept of a D-levels locally homogeneous graph and that of a diametrical graph coincide. Bipartite diametrical graphs of diameter 3 and regular S-graphs of diameter 4 are characterized as D-levels locally homogeneous graphs. We also prove that the vertex-transitive graphs are precisely the totally D-levels locally homogeneous graphs.
CEPHEID VARIABLE STARS IN THE PEGASUS DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXY: CONSTRAINTS ON THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY

Observations of the resolved stars obtained over a period of 11 years in the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy Pegasus have been used to search for Cepheid variable stars. Images were obtained in 55 epochs in the V band and in 24 epochs in the I band. We have identified 26 Cepheids and have obtained their light curves and periods. On the basis of their position in the period-luminosity (PL) diagram, we have classified them as 18 fundamental modes and eight first overtone Cepheids. Two PL relations for Cepheids have been used to derive the distance, resulting in 1.07 ± 0.05 Mpc. We present the VARFINDER code which finds the variable stars and their predicted periods in a given synthetic color–magnitude diagram computed with IAC-star and we propose the use of the Cepheid population as a constraint of the star formation history of Pegasus.
On the Nature of Mathematical Truth

1. The problem. It is a basic principle of scientific inquiry that no proposition and no theory is to be accepted without adequate grounds. In empirical science, which includes both the natural and the social sciences, the grounds for the acceptance of a theory consist in the agreement of predictions based on the theory with empirical evidence obtained either by experiment or by systematic observation. But what are the grounds which sanction the acceptance of mathematics? That is the question I propose to discuss in the present paper. For reasons which will become clear subsequently, I shall use the term "mathematics" here to refer to arithmetic, algebra, and analysis-to the exclusion, in particular, of geometry [1].
Scene Shortest Path Solutions Based on the Breadth First Search

Breadth first search is one of the most convenient traversal methods of a graph, and the shortest path problem of the city map is a kind of traditional data structure problems. It was researched and analyzed that the breadth first search traversing algorithm which adopting the adjacency matrix as its storage structure, in VC++6.0 environment, the shortest path problem of a city map was solved with breadth first search of the graph based on the queue, and its complete program was realized in the machine. Experimental results show that taking the breadth first search to solution city shortest path is an easy to understand and feasible scheme, so it has certain popularize value.
Novel technique for preparing porous silicon

We have performed photoluminescence studies on porous, p‐type as well as n‐type silicon wafers which have been prepared in air or in a dry nitrogen atmosphere, utilizing a spark‐erosion technique. This sample preparation, which does not involve aqueous solutions or fluorine contaminants, yields similar photoluminescence spectra as those obtained by anodic etching in HF or unbiased etching in various HF‐containing reagents. The wavelength of the photoluminescence peaks are somewhat shifted into the blue region compared to porous silicon obtained by anodic etching. We have also taken photoluminescence spectra on amorphous silicon, SiO2, and oxidized, annealed porous silicon. Our results are interpreted in the light of the presently suggested theories.
Review of The Fully Coupled Regionally Refined Model of E3SM Version 2: Overview of the Atmosphere, Land, and River

This manuscript provides the first documented regional refinement model (RRM) configuration fully coupled to an ocean model. Further, the ocean is regionally-refined as well, although the details are left to a paper currently in preparation. In accordance with the CMIP6 protocol, a suite of DECK experiments were carried out on a grid with 25 km refinement over North America (NARRM). Extensive analysis illustrates clears improvements in the climatology over the standard low resolution (LR) control. For this reason, I believe this work should be documented and communicated to the broader community.
GROEBNER BASIS SOLUTION OF PLANAR RESECTION PROBLEM

Abstract The three nonlinear planar resection equations are usually solved analytically by first solving for the unknown orientation σ in the horizontal plane in a three-step procedure. The . first step is the elimination step, the second step is the division step and the third step is once again elimination step. Once the unknown orientation parameter in the horizontal plane has been determined, it is substituted back in any of the two of the initial nonlinear equations to obtain the position {x, y} of the observing unknown station. By making use of the Groebner basis technique, whose computing engine is the B. Buchberger algorithm, we obtain in a single step three direct relationship between the unknown planar resection elements {x, y, σ} (being the position {x, y} of the unknown observing station P ∈ E2 and the unknown orientation element σ in the horizontal plane) and the coordinates Xi, Yi|ì ∈ {1, 2, 3} of the known three target points Pi ∈ E2|ì ∈ {1, 2, 3} and the horizontal direction observations Ti|ì ∈{I, 2, 3} being made from the observing unknown station P ∈ E2 to the known three target points Pi ∈ E2|ì ∈ {I, 2, 3} whose coordinates Xi, Yi|ì ∈ {I, 2, 3} are known. These three direct relationships allow a faster computation of the unknowns {x, y, σ} and an easy implementation of the algorithm in laptops and programmable scientific calculators being carried by sunJeyors, engineers and architectures to the field The Groebner basis approach thus avoids the forward and backward steps of the classical analytical procedure.
Quantum oscillations in iron-based superconductors: BaFe2As2 vs. KFe2As2

We present results of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation measurements on detwinned BaFe2As2 and de Haas-van Alphen oscillation measurements on KFe2As2. The Fermi surface of BaFe2As2 in the antiferromagnetic phase is found to consist of one hole and two electron pockets, all of which are three-dimensional and closed, and can reasonably be accounted for by LSD A band calculations. We find only moderate mass enhancements m*/mband of 2–3. In the case of KFe2As2, four quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surface cylinders ϵ, α, ζ, and β are observed in qualitative agreement with previous ARPES data. In sharp contrast to BaFe2As2, agreement between the observed and LDA-calculated Fermi surface is poor: LDA calculations seem to predict wrong crystal-field splitting of Fe 3d states. Large effective masses up to 20 me, me being the free electron mass, are found. The Sommerfeld coefficient estimated from the observed Fermi surface and effective masses is consistent with the measured value of 93 mJ/K2mol [H. Fukazawa et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, SA118 (2011)] and is 8–9 times larger than the band value, indicating strong electronic correlations in KFe2As2.
Rapid liquid phase sintered Mn doped BiFeO3 ceramics with enhanced polarization and weak magnetization

Single-phase BiFe1−xMnxO3 multiferroic ceramics have been synthesized by rapid liquid phase sintering method to study the influence of Mn substitution on their crystal structure, dielectric, magnetic, and ferroelectric behaviors. From XRD analysis it is seen that Mn substitution does not affect the crystal structure of the BiFe1−xMnxO3 system. An enhancement in magnetization was observed for BiFe1−xMnxO3 ceramics. However, the ferooelectric hysteresis loops were not really saturated, we observed a spontaneous polarization of 10. 23μC∕cm2 under the applied field of 42kV∕cm and remanent polarization of 3. 99μC∕cm2 for x=0.3 ceramic.
A Class of Sparse Invertible Matrices and Their Use for Nonlinear Prediction of Nearly Periodic Time Series with Fixed Period

We introduce a class of sparse matrices U m (A p 1 ) of order m by m, where m is a composite natural number, p 1 is a divisor of m, and A p 1 is a set of nonzero real numbers of length p 1. The construction of U m (A p 1 ) is achieved by iteration, involving repetitive dilation operations and block-matrix operations. We prove that the matrices U m (A p 1 ) are invertible and we compute the inverse matrix (U m (A p 1 ))−1 explicitly. We prove that each row of the inverse matrix (U m (A p 1 ))−1 has only two nonzero entries with alternative signs, located at specific positions, related to the divisors of m. We use the structural properties of the matrix (U m (A p 1 ))−1 in order to build a nonlinear estimator for prediction of nearly periodic time series of length m with fixed period.
Enhanced transport across laser generated magnetic fields

Laser generated mega‐Gauss magnetic fields may have a disordered small‐scale structure, because many different field generation mechanisms are operating simultaneously. Electron cross‐field transport in such fields is studied, concentrating on three specific nonclassical transport processes: resonant scattering, field line wandering, and an analog of neoclassical diffusion. Each of these mechanisms seems capable of producing cross‐field transport rates significantly faster than the classical values for a mega‐Gauss magnetic field, yet considerably slower than the classical value for a field‐free plasma.
Structural identification with incomplete instrumentation and global identifiability requirements under base excitation

Estimating the mass and stiffness parameters of a structural system via its vibration response measurements is the primary objective in the field of modal testing and structural health monitoring. The attainment of this objective, however, is hindered by various practical and theoretical issues. One such issue is incomplete instrumentation, leading to spatially incomplete mode shapes and often nonunique identification results. When the excitation is induced by ground motion, the problem is further complicated because of arbitrary normalization of mode shapes. This study attempts to address these issues for shear‐building type structures. Mode shape normalization and expansion approaches are developed that utilize the topology of the structural matrices. Theoretical constraints regarding minimal instrumentation and the necessity for any a priori information are addressed vis‐à‐vis the requirements for global identifiability. Some practical implementation issues are discussed. The performance of the method is evaluated using numerical simulations and shake table experiments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the existence of transversal heteroclinic orbits in discretized dynamical systems

In this paper we prove the existence of transversal heteroclinic orbits for maps that are obtained from one-step methods applied to a continuous dynamical system. It is assumed that the continuous system exhibits a heteroclinic orbit at a specific value of a parameter. While it is known that analytic vector fields lead to exponentially small splittings of separatrices in the discrete system, we analyse here the case of a continuous system that is smooth of finite order only. Assuming that a certain derivative has a jump discontinuity at a specific hyper-plane we show that discretized systems have transversal heteroclinic orbits. The essential step in deriving such a result is a refinement of a previously developed error analysis that applies exponential dichotomy and Fredholm techniques to the discretized system.
Flame-Retardancy Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Surface- Initiated Photochemically Induced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Gamal Zain Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Igor Jordanov Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Ruger Boskovic 16, 1000, Skopje Sandra Bischof Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaza baruna Filipovica 28a, Zagreb Eva Magovac Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaza baruna Filipovica 28a, Zagreb Alena Opálková Šišková Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Anna Vykydalová Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Angela Kleinová Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Matej Mičušík Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Katarína Mosnáčkova Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Jana Doháňošová Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology STU, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava Jaroslav Mosnáček (  jaroslav.mosnacek@savba.sk ) Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava
Direction‐of‐arrival measurements of auroral kilometric radiation and associated ELF data from Isis 1

The spin-modulated noise from the dipole connected to the sounder receiver on the Isis 1 spacecraft has been used along with the computation of ray paths to deduce the direction of propagation of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR). On the basis of three passes with fixed-frequency measurements at 0.48 MHz it is concluded that in the generation region at about 3500-km altitude the wave vectors make an angle between about 60° and 90° with respect to the local magnetic field. That is, they are predominantly downcoming. Also, in using the sounder records the plasma frequency fN is found to be very much less than the gyrofrequency fH in the generation region (fN ≲50 kHz, fH ≃450 kHz). When these Isis observations are combined with previous evidence on AKR, from which it was concluded that it propagates predominantly in the right-hand polarized X mode, serious disagreement with a number of theories, particularly those that predict the left-hand-polarized O mode, results. However, two theories of a quite different nature, direct cyclotron radiation and a three-wave interaction involving an ELF/VLF wave, give some prospect of accommodating all the observations.
Graph Laplacian for spectral clustering and seeded image segmentation

Interactive segmentation methods have gained much attention lately, specially due to their good performance in segmenting complex images and easy utilization. However, most interactive segmentation algorithms rely on sophisticated mathematical formulations whose effectiveness highly depends on the kind of image to be processed. In fact, sharp adherence to the contours of image segments, uniqueness of solution, high computational burden, and extensive user interaction are some of the weaknesses of most existing methods. In this thesis we proposed two novel interactive image segmentation techniques that sort out the issues raised above. The proposed methods rely on Laplace operators, spectral graph theory, and optimization schemes towards enabling highly accurate segmentation tools which demand a reduced amount of user interaction while still being mathematically simple and computationally efﬁcient. The good performance of our segmentation algorithms is attested by a comprehensive set of comparisons against representative state-of-the-art methods. As additional contribution, we have also proposed two new algorithms for inpainting and photo colorization, both of which rely on the accuracy of our segmentation apparatus.
Dynamics and evolution of random Boolean networks

Random Boolean networks are used as generic models for the dynamics of complex systems of interacting entities, such as social and economic networks, neural networks, and gene or protein interaction networks. The model studied in this thesis was introduced by S. Kauffman as a simple model for gene regulation. The system consists of N nodes, each of which receives inputs from K randomly chosen nodes. The state of a node is a Boolean function of the states of its input nodes. The functions are assigned to the nodes at random, and the states of all nodes in a network are updated in parallel. Asymptotic dynamical states of a network are represented by attractors in state space. Thus, their number and lengths are important features of the networks. The nodes in a network can be classified as frozen, irrelevant, or relevant, according to their dynamics on an attractor. The relevant nodes determine completely the number and the period of attractors. Although the random Boolean network model is simple, it shows a rich dynamical behavior with a phase transition between a frozen and a disordered phase and a very complex dynamics at the critical point between the phases. In this thesis dynamics and evolution of random Boolean networks are studied. The investigation of the dynamical properties of the model starts with the simplest realization of a random Boolean network, that is, with the network with one input per node. The topology of these networks is analyzed by generating networks through a growth process. Using probabilistic arguments and estimating the lower bounds, it is analytically proven that in this class of networks both, the mean number and the mean length of attractors grow faster than any power law with the size of the network. Next, the dynamics of critical networks with two inputs per node is studied and these studies are then generalized to networks with a larger number of inputs. Using methods from the theory of stochastic processes, the scaling behavior of the numbers of nonfrozen and relevant nodes is determined analytically. For all critical networks with K > 1 the same power-laws are found. The results obtained for the K = 1 networks are then used to show that in all critical random Boolean networks the mean number and length of attractors diverge faster than any power law with the network size. For the modeling of gene regulatory networks this means that the attractors are too long and too many to represent cellular differentiation, to which the model was originally applied. However, real networks are not random but are the result of evolutionary processes. Therefore, the evolution of populations of random Boolean networks under selection for robustness of the dynamics under small perturbations is investigated. The results of this study show that the fitness landscape contains a huge plateau of maximum fitness that spans the entire network space. It is found that the networks evolved on such a landscape are robust to changes in their structure, while being at the same time able to preserve their function under small environmental changes.