Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ileal and Faecal Amino Acids Digestibility of Some Tropical Feedstuffs in Growing Pigs

To investigate apparent ileal and faecal digestibility of protein and amino acids in some tropical feedstuffs, six barrows, average initial body weight (BW) 25 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum and fed six diets according to a 6 · 6 Latin square design. Three monodiets which three types of cereal, broken rice, rice bran and corn, as the protein source and three cornstarch- based diets using soybean meal, peanut meal and fishmeal as the protein sources and containing 12 % crude protein were used. Chromic oxide was included as a digestibility marker. After a 5 days adaptation period, faeces were collected for 3 days and followed with 12 hours digesta collection for 2 days in each experimental period. Apparent digestibility values over the total tract were found to be greater than values determined at the ileum, indicating a net disappearance of both nitrogen and amino acids in the hind gut. It was also observed that the apparent faecal and ileal digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in growing pigs was highest in soybean meal and ricebran showed the lowest values.
Averageness, Exaggeration, and Facial Attractiveness

Langlois and her colleagues reported in this journal that composite faces are more attractive than the component faces used to create them, and conjectured that averageness is attractive (Langlois & Roggman, 1990, Langlois, Roggman, & Musselman, 1994) However, extremes may also be attractive (Perrett, May, & Yoshikawa, 1994) We investigated the effect of averageness (proximity to a norm or average face) on attractiveness using a computerized caricature generator to vary averageness Attractiveness increased with averageness (Experiment 1) and was negatively correlated with distinctiveness, a subjective measure of the converse of averageness (Expertments 1 and 2) Extremes (caricatures) were not attractive Line-drawing composites, which avoid some of the problems associated with gray-level composites, were significantly more attractive and less distinctive (more average) than individual faces (Experiment 2) These results support the claim that averageness is attractive
Knock down of spinal NMDA receptors reduces NMDA and formalin evoked behaviors in rat

Chronic pain remains a major health problem afflicting an estimated 70% of patients with advanced cancer and inflammatory disorders, and up to 94% of patients with spinal cord injuries. Although progress has been made in the pharmacotherapy of chronic pain management, such as usage of adjuvant drugs and more effective methods of drug delivery, the mainstay of clinical pain management still depends on opiates. NMDA receptor activation, at the level of the spinal cord has been shown to play an important role in the facilitation of nociception (pain) in several animal models. Unfortunately, potent NMDA receptor antagonists, such as MK-801 and APV, have toxic properties and low safety margins that preclude their clinical use. We present evidence which indicates that the use of antisense oligonucleotides targeted to the NMDA-R1 receptor subunit (AS-NMDA-R1), but not sense, abolishes NMDA and formalin induced behaviors. Moreover, we demonstrate that spinal administration of AS-NMDA-R1 results in the abolition of staining for immunoreactive NMDA-R1 in the spinal cord. These data provide novel evidence supporting the feasibility of the use of gene therapy approaches in the management of neuropathic pain.
Semantically coherent image annotation with a learning-based keyword propagation strategy

Automatic image annotation plays an important role in modern keyword-based image retrieval systems. Recently, many neighbor-based methods have been proposed and achieved good performance for image annotation. However, existing work mainly focused on exploring a distance metric learning algorithm to determine the neighbors of an image, and neglected the subsequent keyword propagation process. They usually used some simple heuristic propagation rules, and propagated each keyword independently without considering the inherent semantic coherence among keywords. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-based keyword propagation strategy and incorporate it into the neighbor-based method framework. In particular, we employ the structural SVM to learn a scoring function which can evaluate different candidate keyword sets for a test image. Moreover, we explicitly enforce the semantic coherence constraint for the propagated keywords in our approach. The annotation of the test image is propagated as a whole rather than separate keywords. Experiments on two benchmark data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for image annotation and ranked retrieval.
Individual Differences Related to Performance on Two Word-Recognition Tasks.

Tests of cognitive and perceptual abilities were given to 140 college students. These subjects then participated in two word-recognition tasks in which their recognition thresholds to both English and artificial words were obtained. Analysis revealed two components (an 'overall' and a 'familiarity' component) underlying the recognition thresholds and showed that of the five hypothesized test factors, speed of closure related to the overall component while perceptual speed and memory span related to the familiarity component.
Representing Procedural Knowledge in Expert Systems: An Application to Process Control

The paper presents a novel expert system architecture which supports explicit representation and effective use of both declarative and procedural knowledge. These two types of expert knowledge are represented by means of production rules and event-graphs respectively, and they are processed by a unified inference engine. Communication between the rule level and the event-graph level is based on a full visibility of each level on the internal state of the other, and it is structured in such a way as to allow each level to expert control on the other. This structure offers several advantages over more traditional architectures. Knowledge representation is more natural and transparent; knowledge acquisition turns out to be easier as pieces of knowledge can be immediately represented without the need of complex transformation and restructuring; inference is more effective due to reduced non-determinism resulting from explicit representation of fragments of procedural knowledge in event-graphs; finally, explanations are more natural and understandable. The proposed architecture has been adopted for the design of PROP, an expert system for on-line monitoring of the cycle water pollution in a thermal power plant. PROP is running on a SUN-2 workstation and has been tested on a sample of real cases.
Pediatric Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy

This is a case series with chart review from 1997 to 2010 to determine results of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in children. Thirty-seven children underwent removal of the medial wall (RMW) of the lacrimal sac (LS) and 2 had lacrimal stents inserted because they had external fistulae and small cicatrized LS. Parameters of success were (1) resolution of epiphora, (2) no further attacks of dacryocystitis, and (3) patency of neofistula. Of the 37 (95%) children who had RMW of the LS, 34 (92%) were patent after 12 weeks and were considered successful. Three (8%) neofistulae obstructed within 2 weeks and needed revision, and 2 (5%) patients had small cicatrized LS along with fistula and were stented. The fistulae closed down in 4 weeks. However, when the stents were removed 6 weeks later, epiphora returned. The authors’ experience reveals that removal of the medial wall of the LS is effective in stopping chronic epiphora.
Tear Down the Walls?

Although prisons have been repeatedly exposed for their inherent de grading and dehumanizing effects, their survival suggests that they are fulfilling four important manifest functions, in varying degrees: (1) reformation, (2) incapacitation, (3) retribution, and (4) deterrence. More significant are eleven latent functions serving various interests and needs: (1) maintenance of a crime school, (2) politicization, (3) self- enhancement, (4) provision of jobs, (5) satisfaction of authoritarian needs, (6) slave labor, (7) reduction of unemployment rates, (8) scientific research, (9) do-gooderism, (10) safety valve for racial tensions, and (11) birth control. These latent functions, largely unintended and generally unrecognized, suggest that abolition of the prison may not be as assured as some reformers suppose.
The Role of Target Students in the Science Classroom.

This study investigated whole class interactions in 200 science lessons involving 15 teachers and students from grades 8 to 12 in two urban Australian high schools. A relatively small number of 3–7 “target students” monopolized whole class interactions. In most instances target students were male. Compared to others in the class, target students asked more questions of the teacher, were called on to respond to higher cognitive level questions, and received higher quality feedback. Two types of target student were identified. The students who actively participated in classroom interactions in a self-initiated manner tended to accept responsibility for their academic achievement and for interactions with others. The second type of target student, who participated as a consequence of being selected by the teacher, tended to have higher formal reasoning ability and achieve at a higher level than others in the class.
Sparse overcomplete Gabor wavelet representation based on local competitions

Gabor representations present a number of interesting properties despite the fact that the basis functions are nonorthogonal and provide an overcomplete representation or a nonexact reconstruction. Overcompleteness involves an expansion of the number of coefficients in the transform domain and induces a redundancy that can be further reduced through computational costly iterative algorithms like Matching Pursuit. Here, a biologically plausible algorithm based on competitions between neighboring coefficients is employed for adaptively representing any source image by a selected subset of Gabor functions. This scheme involves a sharper edge localization and a significant reduction of the information redundancy, while, at the same time, the reconstruction quality is preserved. The method is characterized by its biological plausibility and promising results, but it still requires a more in depth theoretical analysis for completing its validation.
Deinstitutionalisation of persons with intellectual disabilities: A review of Australian studies

This paper provides a quantitative review of Australian studies on deinstitution-alisation and community living for persons with intellectual disabilities. Thirteen studies from eight separate projects were identified from a comprehensive literature search. Studies were included if they were conducted in Australia and focused on the effects of relocating persons from institutions to community-based residences, involved a comparison of institutional versus community-based services, or investigated the community adjustment of people who had once lived in an institution. Each study was examined to ascertain details on the settings, participants, methodology, and results. Community-based placements were associated with increased adaptive behaviour, greater community participation, and improved contact with family and friends. There was little or no change in problem behaviour, health, or mortality. The results are consistent with similar reviews from studies conducted in the USA and UK and support the develop.
Developmental Dyslexia and the Phonological Deficit Hypothesis

Dehaene (in Reading in the Brain) reviews and finds support for the phonological deficit hypothesis of developmental dyslexia, which proposes that dyslexics have a basic deficit in processing the constituents of spoken words. This hypothesis can be seen as reflecting three associated claims: a) there is only one basic kind of dyslexia; b) all (or most) dyslexic children have phonological impairments, and c) these phonological impairments cause their dyslexia. We consider each of these claims, and the evidence presented by Dehaene, and conclude that questions remain about all three. Phonological deficits alone seem unlikely to be able to account for the complexity and heterogeneity of developmental dyslexia.
Are the Rules of Address Universal?

Our basic question was: Does the alleged universality of Brown's Invariant Norm of Address (1965) extend to Greek usage? 56 Greek speakers forming a diverse sample reported actual address usage received from and sent to 28 categories of interactants. Their answers were coded in terms of three quantitative indices which measure the degree of reciprocity, solidarity, and inequality in dyadic address exchanges. The indices permit the precise comparison of empirical results with theoretical expectations. The results provided strong support for Brown's description of the structure of address exchange such that we may add Greek to the languages that jointly support the claim for the university of the rules of address.
Analysis of Multiple Association Studies Provides Evidence of an Expression QTL Hub in Gene-Gene Interaction Network Affecting HDL Cholesterol Levels

Epistasis has been suggested to underlie part of the missing heritability in genome-wide association studies. In this study, we first report an analysis of gene-gene interactions affecting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in a candidate gene study of 2,091 individuals with mixed dyslipidemia from a clinical trial. Two additional studies, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC; n = 9,713) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 2,685), were considered for replication. We identified a gene-gene interaction between rs1532085 and rs12980554 (P = 7.1×10−7) in their effect on HDL-C levels, which is significant after Bonferroni correction (P c = 0.017) for the number of SNP pairs tested. The interaction successfully replicated in the ARIC study (P = 7.0×10−4; P c = 0.02). Rs1532085, an expression QTL (eQTL) of LIPC, is one of the two SNPs involved in another, well-replicated gene-gene interaction underlying HDL-C levels. To further investigate the role of this eQTL SNP in gene-gene interactions affecting HDL-C, we tested in the ARIC study for interaction between this SNP and any other SNP genome-wide. We found the eQTL to be involved in a few suggestive interactions, one of which significantly replicated in MESA. Importantly, these gene-gene interactions, involving only rs1532085, explain an additional 1.4% variation of HDL-C, on top of the 0.65% explained by rs1532085 alone. LIPC plays a key role in the lipid metabolism pathway and it, and rs1532085 in particular, has been associated with HDL-C and other lipid levels. Collectively, we discovered several novel gene-gene interactions, all involving an eQTL of LIPC, thus suggesting a hub role of LIPC in the gene-gene interaction network that regulates HDL-C levels, which in turn raises the hypothesis that LIPC's contribution is largely via interactions with other lipid metabolism related genes.
Effect of dietary natural supplements on immune response and mineral bioavailability in piglets after weaning.

Plants and plant extracts (PPEs) have gained increasing interest as feed additives and possible replacing antibiotics for pig productions. The effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris (1%), sodium alginate (0.1%), inulin (1.5%), and a mixture of essential oils (0.04%) supplements on immune response, and bioavail- ability of some micronutrients (iron − Fe, copper − Cu, manganese − Mn, and zinc − Zn) were investigated in weaned piglets in this study. The results showed that the concentration of IgG was increased in the plasma of pigs fed the PPEs supplemented diets being significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the case of dietary sodium alginate supplementation in comparison to the control (6.00 vs. 4.03 mg/ml). In liver, PPEs, especially inulin and essential oils, were able to modulate the level of cytokine production and mineral retention, resulting in higher liver concentration of IL-1β (125.4 and 88.9%), IL-8 (136.9 and 61.3%), TNF-a (296.6 and 121.6%), and IFN-γ (51.2 and 107.28%), Cu (71.31 ppm), and Fe (192.56 ppm) in comparison to the control. The results of this experiment indicate that natural supplements investigated herein, especially inulin, essential oils, and sodium alginate had the ability to potentiate both the immune function and mineral retention during the initial post weaning period.
A Low-Power DCVSL-Like GIDL-Free Voltage Driver for Low-Cost RFID Nonvolatile Memory

The realization of a low-cost passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag requires the ability to fabricate the system in a bulk CMOS process without any additional process steps. A recently presented single-poly C-Flash memory bitcell provides an ultralow-power option for implementation of a nonvolatile memory array for use in an RFID system, using only core masks. This cell requires the application of a 10-V potential difference between the cell's control lines for program and erase operations. Providing the required voltages, while using only standard devices results in several design challenges for the voltage drivers, such as the elimination of gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) currents. In this paper, we present a pair of voltage driver architectures that utilize novel techniques to overcome these challenges. In addition, for the first time, we present an in-depth analysis of the dynamic behavior of standard level shifters. This analysis is applied to our proposed GIDL-free level shifters to provide a sizing methodology for optimization of the area, energy-per-operation, and delay of these circuits. The drivers were designed and fabricated in a TowerJazz 0.18- μm bulk CMOS technology, providing the required functionality with a low static-power figure of 47-49 pW and 0.03-0.36 pJ energy-per-operation.
Carotid Baroreceptor Function in Dogs With Chronic Norepinephrine Infusion

Carotid baroreceptor function, the compliance of the carotid sinus wall, and the structure of the carotid artery were examined in dogs with elevated plasma norepinephrine (2,000-4,000 pg/ml) for 28 days. The dogs with high norepinephrine were normotensive (100±4.0 versus 98±4.0 mm Hg;/7>0.05) with bradycardia (65±4.0 versus 87±16 beats/min; p<0.05) compared with normal dogs in the conscious state. However, after pentobarbital anesthesia blood pressure was significantly higher in dogs with chronic norepinephrine infusion (165 ±6 mm Hg) compared with normal dogs (132±6 mm Hg). To assess baroreceptor sensitivity, multiunit carotid baroreceptor activity was recorded from the right carotid sinus nerve, and the carotid sinus wall compliance (sonomicrometers) was measured during nitroglycerin and phenylephrine injections. The threshold and saturation pressures increased from 96±3.9 to 117±4.2 mm Hg and from 145±4J to 171±5.7 mm Hg, respectively, in the normal dogs compared with the high norepinephrine dogs. The most striking differences were the marked increases in sensitivity of carotid baroreceptors (0.47±0.05 versus 1.99±0.45 spikes • sec"1 • mm Hg"1; p<0.01) and maximum firing frequency of the baroreceptors (24±3.1 versus 48±4.4 spikes/sec; /? <0.01), whereas the carotid sinus wall compliance was unchanged (0.014 ±0.003 versus 0.012 ±0.002 mm/mm Hg; /? >0.05). Similar alterations were observed using single fiber recordings, that is, an increase in threshold and saturation pressures and slope of baroreceptor units in dogs with elevated norepinephrine. The wall thickness and area of the carotid artery were determined. Both increased significantly (0.77±0.06 versus 1 J0±0.12 mm and 9.0±0.8 versus 11.9±0.9 mm1; p<0.05) in dogs chronically infused with norepinephrine while the dry weight-to-wet weight ratio of left carotid artery tissue also increased from 26.0 ±0.73% to 29.0 ±0-57%. These studies indicate that 1) one of the possible mechanisms responsible for bradycardia in the conscious dogs with high norepinephrine is enhanced sensitivity of carotid baroreceptors; 2). the enhanced sensitivity of carotid baroreceptors is not due to a change in compliance of the carotid sinus wall; and 3) chronic elevation of norepinephrine causes hypertrophy or hyperplasia of the wall of the common carotid artery.
Mixed Method Evaluation of a Passive Mhealth Sexual Information Texting Service in Uganda

We evaluate the impact of a health information intervention implemented through mobile phones, using a clustered randomized control trial augmented by qualitative interviews. The intervention aimed to improve sexual health knowledge and shift individuals towards safer sexual behavior by providing reliable information about sexual health. The novel technology designed by Google and Grameen Technology Center provided automated searches of an advice database on topics requested by users via SMS. It was offered by MTN Uganda at no cost to users. Quantitative survey results allow us to reject the hypothesis that improving access to information would increase knowledge and shift behavior to less risky sexual activities. In fact, we find that the service led to an increase in promiscuity, and no shift in perception of norms. Qualitative focus groups discussions support the findings of the quantitative survey results. We conclude by discussing a potential mechanism explaining the counterintuitive findings.
The Segmentation of Potential Tourists: Constraint Differences between Men and Women

Despite the proliferation of constraint studies over the past decade, few authors have investigated constraint differences between subgroups, in particular between men and women. In this study, the author measured perceptions of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints on skiing participation for potential skiers. Significant differences between men and women were discovered. Specifically, women perceived significantly higher levels of intrapersonal constraints. The implications of the results are discussed, as they provide guidance for the ski industry in strategy development.
Relative evaluation of informativeness in machine generated summaries

This paper is concerned with the relative evaluation of information content in summaries. We study the effect of crossing the summary-question pairs for a comprehension test based sum-mary evaluation. Using the scheme, machine generated and human authored summaries from the broadcast news stories are evaluated. The approach does not use absolute scores. Instead it relies on a relative comparison, effectively alleviating the sub-jectivity of individual summary authors. The evaluation indicates that less than half (44%) of information is shared between human authored summaries of roughly 15 words. On the other hand, 27% of information in machine generated summaries is shared with human authored summaries.
Comment on "Arsenic (III) Fuels Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Hot Spring Biofilms from Mono Lake, California"

Kulp et al. (Reports, 15 August 2008, p. 967) described a bacterium able to photosynthetically oxidize arsenite [As(III)] via arsenate [As(V)] reductase functioning in reverse. Based on their phylogenetic analysis of As(V) reductase, they proposed that this enzyme was responsible for the anaerobic oxidation of As(III) in the Archean. We challenge this proposition based on paleogeochemical, bioenergetic, and phylogenetic arguments.