Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lattice degeneration inafamily Withretinal detachment andcataract

Nearly a century ago Lang (i 885) described the occurrence of retinal detachment in a brother and his sister. Since that time many pedigrees have been presented to illustrate the hereditary nature of some cases of simple (syn. serous, idiopathic, rhegmatogenous, perforated) retinal detachment. Most of the earlier authors related the occurrence of the detachment to the presence and degree of co-existing myopia. Braendstrup (i94I) and Cuendet, Streiff, and Dufour (1958) have described a myopic family of five generations in which dominant transmission of retinal detachment was apparent. The hereditary nature of certain cases ofdetachment is evident from those pedigrees in which a detachment occurs in non-myopic individuals of a myopic sibship (Millikin, I896; Edmund, I96I). Fransois (I968) has described retinal detachment occurring in an emmetropic family in which dominant transmission occurred. Although this is the usual mode of inheritance in familial cases, recessive and sex-linked (Vogt, I 936) inheritance have also been observed. Vogt (I924) indicated that it is the predisposing retinal or vitreoretinal degeneration rather than the retinal detachment which is transmitted, and in recent years family studies of certain types of retinal degenerative disorders, especially lattice degeneration, have been reported. Recently two brothers with retinal detachments received treatment at the High Holborn branch of Moorfields Eye Hospital, and as their mother and other close relatives were also known to have developed a retinal detachment it was decided to examine as many members of the family as possible in order to detect the presence of any asymptomatic predisposing retinal degenerative lesions which might benefit from prophylactic therapy.
Impostor Detection in Speaker Recognition Using Confusion‐Based Confidence Measures

In this letter, we introduce confusion‐based confidence measures for detecting an impostor in speaker recognition, which does not require an alternative hypothesis. Most traditional speaker verification methods are based on a hypothesis test, and their performance depends on the robustness of an alternative hypothesis. Compared with the conventional Gaussian mixture model–universal background model (GMM‐UBM) scheme, our confusion‐based measures show better performance in noise‐corrupted speech. The additional computational requirements for our methods are negligible when used to detect or reject impostors.
Effect of Chitosan on Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Disorders Induced In Rats Exposed to Radiation

Radiation is one of the most widespread sources of environmental stress in living environment which cause oxidative stress and metabolic changes. Chitosan is widely distributed in nature as a component of bacterial cell walls and exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effect of chitosan against gamma rays induced oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in rats. The study was conducted on forty eight (48) female rats which were classified into four equal groups. Group1: Control group, rats administrated orally 1.0 ml vehicle solution for forty days Group. 2: Chitosan group, rats administrated orally ( intragastric intubation) 1.0 ml of chitosan solution (100mg/kg b.wt. / day for 40 days). Group3: Irradiated rats, rats were subjected to whole body a-irradiation to dose 4 Gy delivered as single exposure dose. Group 4: Combined treatment: rats administrated orally 1.0 ml of chitosan solution (100mg/kg b.wt. / day) for 40 days. At day 35 of chitosan treatment the rats were irradiated at dose level of 4Gy. Rats inspected after 1 th and 5 th days post irradiation and liver, spleen, lung and blood samples were collected. The animals exposed to gamma radiation had significant increase in TBARS, LDH, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, copper, iron, urea, creatinine, AFP and non significant increase in Mg. Also, significant decrease in GSH, CAT, HDL-C and estradiol was recorded. Administration of chitosan to rats prior and post gamma radiation improved the tested parameters so it is a therapeutic alternative for oxidative stress, hyperlipidaemia and hormonal changes. In this way, chitosan may be contributed to the prevention of atherogenic processes and contribute as safe functional fiber food. (N. E. Mohamed. Effect of Chitosan on Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Disorders Induced In Rats Exposed to Radiation. Journal of American Science 2011;7(6):406-417). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org .
Universal influenza immunization. Were Ontario family physicians prepared?

OBJECTIVE To explore family physicians' experiences during the first year of Ontario's universal influenza immunization program. DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth interviews. SETTING Thames Valley region of southwestern Ontario. PARTICIPANTS A maximum variation sample of nine family physicians selected by snowball sampling after initial consultation with a local family physician advisory committee. METHOD Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was sequential, using a combination of editing, immersion, and crystallization. Interview transcripts were read by individual members of the team who met to compare findings at several stages during data collection. MAIN FINDINGS The program affected family physicians because immunization strategies designed for immunizing high-risk patients needed to be modified to deal with greater numbers of patients. While generally supportive of the program, physicians found it difficult to implement. Responses reflected ongoing conflict between individual and public health priorities, particularly regarding children and pregnant women. CONCLUSION The program could have been more effective if the culture and climate of Ontario family practice had been considered during its development and implementation.
Interfacing Ontologies and Lexical Resources

During the last few years, a number of works aiming at interfacing ontologies and lexical resources have been initiated. This paper aims at clarifying the current picture of this domain. It compares ontologies built following different methodologies and analyses their combination with lexical resources. A point defended in the paper is that different methodologies lead to very different characteristics for the resulting resources. We classify these methodologies show how actual projects fit into this classification.
Integrating the determinants of suction feeding performance in centrarchid fishes

SUMMARY When suction-feeding vertebrates expand their buccal cavity to draw water into their mouth, they also exert a hydrodynamic force on their prey. This force is key to strike success, directly countering forces exerted by escaping or clinging prey. While the ability to produce high flow accelerations in front of the mouth is central to the predator's ability to exert high forces on the prey, several mechanisms can contribute to the disparity between the potential and realized performance through their effect on flow and acceleration as experienced by the prey. In the present study, we test how interspecific variation in gape size, mouth displacement speed and the fish's ability to locate prey at the optimal position affect variation in the force exerted on attached prey. We directly measured these forces by allowing bluegill sunfish and largemouth bass to strike at ghost shrimp tethered to a load cell that recorded force at 5000 Hz, while synchronously recording strikes with a 500 Hz video. Strike kinematics of largemouth bass were slower than that of bluegill, as were estimated flow speeds and the force exerted on the prey. This difference in force persisted after taking into account the faster suction flows and accelerations of bluegill, and was only accounted for by considering interspecific differences in gape size, mouth displacement speed and fish's ability to locate the prey at the optimal position. The contribution to interspecific differences in the force exerted on the prey was estimated to be 42% for flow speed, 25% for strike efficiency, 3% for gape size and 30% for mouth displacement speed. Hence, kinematic diversity results in substantial differences in suction performance, beyond those expected based on the capacity to generate a high flow velocity. This functional complexity, in the form of biomechanically independent mechanisms that are recruited for one function, can potentially mitigate performance trade-offs in suction-feeding fishes.
Characterization of Porin Expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-Producing K. pneumoniae Identifies Isolates Most Susceptible to the Combination of Colistin and Carbapenems

ABSTRACT We characterized carbapenem resistance mechanisms among 12 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (referred to here as KPC K. pneumoniae) clinical isolates and evaluated their effects on the activity of 2- and 3-drug combinations of colistin, doripenem, and ertapenem. All isolates were resistant to ertapenem and doripenem; 75% (9/12) were resistant to colistin. Isolates belonged to the ST258 clonal group and harbored blaKPC-2, blaSHV-12, and blaTEM-1. As determined by time-kill assays, doripenem (8 μg/ml) and ertapenem (2 μg/ml) were inactive against 92% (11/12) and 100% (12/12) of isolates, respectively. Colistin (2.5 μg/ml) exerted some activity (range, 0.39 to 2.5 log10) against 78% (7/9) of colistin-resistant isolates. Colistin-ertapenem, colistin-doripenem, and colistin-doripenem-ertapenem exhibited synergy against 42% (5/12), 50% (6/12), and 67% (8/12) of isolates, respectively. Expression of ompK35 and ompK36 porins correlated with each other (R2 = 0.80). Levels of porin expression did not correlate with colistin-doripenem or colistin-ertapenem synergy. However, synergy with colistin-doripenem-ertapenem was more likely against isolates with high porin expression than those with low expression (100% [8/8] versus 0% [0/4]; P = 0.002). Moreover, bactericidal activity (area under the bacterial killing curve) against isolates with high porin expression was greater for colistin-doripenem-ertapenem than colistin-doripenem or colistin-ertapenem (P ≤ 0.049). In conclusion, colistin-carbapenem combinations may provide optimal activity against KPC K. pneumoniae, including colistin-resistant isolates. Screening for porin expression may identify isolates that are most likely to respond to a triple combination of colistin-doripenem-ertapenem. In the future, molecular characterization of KPC K. pneumoniae isolates may be a practical tool for identifying effective combination regimens.
Effects of the Escherichia coli toxin cytolysin A on mucosal immunostimulation via epithelial Ca2+ signalling and Toll‐like receptor 4

Epithelial cells are vital to sense the presence of bacteria, thereby initiating a proper innate immune response. This occurs via different mechanisms, e.g. recognition by pattern recognition receptors (TLR), or alteration of the cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The Escherichia coli toxin cytolysin A (ClyA) is naturally delivered to target cells as active pore assemblies within outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and we here investigate a possible role of ClyA‐containing OMVs (ClyA+OMV) for induction of proinflammatory responses via the above‐mentioned mechanisms. We report that low, sublytic concentrations of ClyA+OMV affect the Ca2+ homeostasis in epithelial cells by induction of slow, intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, while increased concentrations act cytolytically. Thus, ClyA belongs to the novel group of pore‐forming toxins shown to elicit such biphasic responses. Ca2+ waves in the minute range have been shown to regulate gene transcription of, e.g. interleukin (IL)‐6 and ‐8. While the periodicity of ClyA+OMV‐induced Ca2+ waves (22.9 ± 0.9 min) fail to induce an IL‐8 response, our data fit to the general concept of frequency‐specific gene expression. Molecular investigations of the signal transduction pathway reveals that ClyA+OMV utilize a different one as compared with those previously reported for other toxins causing Ca2+ waves. The ClyA protein per se and ClyA pore assemblies are non‐immunogenic, while lipopolysaccharide present on the OMVs induces a TLR4‐dependent proinflammatory response as expected. Additional membrane components of the OMV, e.g. OmpW, was also found to elicit proinflammatory responses that was independent of TLR4 and Ca2+ signalling.
Relationships of Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Abuse to Emotional and Behavioral Problems Among Incarcerated Adolescents

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationships of sexual, physical and emotional abuse to emotional (internalizing) and behavioral (externalizing) problems among incarcerated girls and boys. Participants were youth who were remanded to the correctional facilities within a statewide juvenile correctional system in a southern state in the United States of America. Each participant completed a structured interview regarding abuse history, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and demographic characteristics. Multiple regression analyses indicated that girls were more likely than boys to internalize their problems. The only abuse variable that was positively and significantly associated with emotional problems was emotional abuse. Greater behavioral problems were significantly related to youths being younger in age, white ethnicity, history of sexual abuse, and history of physical abuse. There were overall gender differences for internalizing problems, but not for externalizing problems among incarcerated adolescents. Furthermore, physical and sexual abuses were related to externalizing problems but not to internalizing problems. Thus, different types of abuse appear to have different effects on adolescent behavior. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Fully Automated Fact Checking Using External Sources

Given the constantly growing proliferation of false claims online in recent years, there has been also a growing research interest in automatically distinguishing false rumors from factually true claims. Here, we propose a general-purpose framework for fully-automatic fact checking using external sources, tapping the potential of the entire Web as a knowledge source to confirm or reject a claim. Our framework uses a deep neural network with LSTM text encoding to combine semantic kernels with task-specific embeddings that encode a claim together with pieces of potentially relevant text fragments from the Web, taking the source reliability into account. The evaluation results show good performance on two different tasks and datasets: (i) rumor detection and (ii) fact checking of the answers to a question in community question answering forums.
A transcriptional cascade governs entry into meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Two signals activate meiosis in yeast: starvation and expression of the a1 and alpha 2 products of the mating-type locus. Prior studies suggest that these signals stimulate expression of an activator of meiosis, the IME1 (inducer of meiosis) product. We have cloned a gene, IME2, with properties similar to those of IME1: both genes are required for meiosis, and both RNAs are induced in meiotic cells. Elevated dosage of IME1 or IME2 stimulates the meiotic recombination pathway without starvation; thus, the IME products may be part of the switch that activates meiosis. IME1 was found to be required for IME2 expression, and a multicopy IME2 plasmid permitted meiosis in an ime1 deletion mutant. Accordingly, we propose that the IME1 product stimulates meiosis mainly through activation of IME2 expression.
Deoxyxylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase Controls Flux through the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway in Arabidopsis1[C][W][OPEN]

1-Deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase is the controlling enzyme of plastid isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway supplies precursors for plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis including carotenoids, redox cofactor side chains, and biogenic volatile organic compounds. We examined the first enzyme of this pathway, 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), using metabolic control analysis. Multiple Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lines presenting a range of DXS activities were dynamically labeled with 13CO2 in an illuminated, climate-controlled, gas exchange cuvette. Carbon was rapidly assimilated into MEP pathway intermediates, but not into the mevalonate pathway. A flux control coefficient of 0.82 was calculated for DXS by correlating absolute flux to enzyme activity under photosynthetic steady-state conditions, indicating that DXS is the major controlling enzyme of the MEP pathway. DXS manipulation also revealed a second pool of a downstream metabolite, 2-C-methylerythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcDP), metabolically isolated from the MEP pathway. DXS overexpression led to a 3- to 4-fold increase in MEcDP pool size but to a 2-fold drop in maximal labeling. The existence of this pool was supported by residual MEcDP levels detected in dark-adapted transgenic plants. Both pools of MEcDP are closely modulated by DXS activity, as shown by the fact that the concentration control coefficient of DXS was twice as high for MEcDP (0.74) as for 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate (0.35) or dimethylallyl diphosphate (0.34). Despite the high flux control coefficient for DXS, its overexpression led to only modest increases in isoprenoid end products and in the photosynthetic rate. Diversion of flux via MEcDP may partly explain these findings and suggests new opportunities to engineer the MEP pathway.
Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Current Era: A Report From the Prevention of REStenosis with Tranilast and its Outcomes (PRESTO) Trial

Background—Diabetes portends an adverse prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether improvements in current clinical practice (stents, IIb/IIIa antagonists) have resulted in substantial improvement of these outcomes remains an issue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of diabetes on 9-month outcomes of patients undergoing PCI in the current era. Methods and Results—The 11 482 patients enrolled in the Prevention of REStenosis with Tranilast and its Outcomes (PRESTO) Trial were stratified according to the presence (n=2694) or absence (n=8798) of diabetes. Diabetic patients were older; were more likely to be female; had a higher proportion of congestive failure, hypertension, prior CABG, and unstable angina; and had higher body mass index and lower ejection fraction than nondiabetic patients (P <0.01 for all comparisons). The degree of multivessel disease was similar between the two groups. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association type C lesions were more common in diabetic patients (17% versus 15%, P <0.01). Angiographic and procedural success rates and in-hospital events were similar between the two groups. The primary end point of death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization (TVR) was analyzed as time-to-first event within 9 months of the index PCI. After adjusting for certain baseline characteristics, diabetes was independently associated with death at 9 months (relative risk [RR], 1.87; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.68, P <0.01) and with an increased likelihood of TVR (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.42, P <0.01), as well as the composite end point of death/myocardial infarction/TVR (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.40, P <0.01). Conclusions—Despite advances in interventional techniques, diabetes remains a significant independent predictor of adverse events in the intermediate term after PCI.
Multiple food allergy: a possible diagnosis in breastfed infants

Six infants suspected of food allergy during breastfeeding were evaluated using prick tests, total IgE, RASTs and intestinal permeability measurements during fast and provocation with mother's milk. An elimination diet was undertaken in mothers, removing first cow's milk protein (CMP), then, when inefficient, all foods suspected on the clinical history or a positive prick test in the child, followed by oral challenges in mother's diet with the corresponding food. The sole CMP‐free diet in mothers always proved insufficient. In four, an additional diet excluding two to three other foods cleared the symptoms. Oral provocations in mother's diet with those foods were positive in all. In two, mothers turned down a diet excluding more than four foods, symptoms cleared while feeding the child with an extensively hydrolysed formula, whereas challenges with mother's milk induced immediate reactions. Intestinal permeability was altered during provocation tests with mother's milk sampled before maternal diet. Food allergy during breastfeeding may be due to multiple foods and the inefficacy of the sole CMP elimination in mothers does not rule out food sensitization.
The moral landscape : how science can determine human values

Sam Harris's first book, The End of Faith, ignited a worldwide debate about the validity of religion. In the aftermath, Harris discovered that most people - from religious fundamentalists to nonbelieving scientists - agree on one point: science has nothing to say on the subject of human values. Indeed, our failure to address questions of meaning and morality through science has now become the primary justification for religious faith. In this highly controversial book, Sam Harris seeks to link morality to the rest of human knowledge. Defining morality in terms of human and animal well-being, Harris argues that science can do more than tell how we are; it can, in principle, tell us how we ought to be. In his view, moral relativism is simply false - and comes at an increasing cost to humanity. And the intrusions of religion into the sphere of human values can be finally repelled: for just as there is no such thing as Christian physics or Muslim algebra, there can be no Christian or Muslim morality. Using his expertise in philosophy and neuroscience, along with his experience on the front lines of our 'culture wars', Harris delivers a game-changing book about the future of science and about the real basis of human cooperation.
Propriedades psicométricas de uma medida de avaliação da motivação intrínseca e extrínseca: um estudo exploratório

Resumo O estudo teve por objetivo levantar as propriedades psicometricas de uma escala de avaliacao de motivacao (Work Preference Inventory, WPI), traduzida para o portugues e aplicada a uma amostra de 246 estudantes de licenciatura. Utilizando-se analise fatorial exploratoria, por meio da extracao dos componentes principais, buscou-se identificar os fatores subjacentes aos 30 itens do instrumento, assim como os fatores subjacentes aos itens de cada uma das duas subescalas de avaliacao - motivacao intrinseca e extrinseca. Foram identificados dois fatores correspondentes aos constructos teoricos de motivacao extrinseca (fator 1) e motivacao intrinseca (fator 2). Para cada subescala ou fator foram ainda identificados dois outros fatores que aglutinaram itens cujos conteudos referiram-se a preferencia por desafios e satisfacao, na medida de motivacao intrinseca, e preferencia por reconhecimento externo e compensacao, na avaliacao da motivacao extrinseca. Os resultados sao discutidos de acordo com o referencial da Teoria da Autodeterminacao, assinalando a necessidade de elaboracao de mais itens para avaliar os constructos. Palavras-Chave: Motivacao Intrinseca; Motivacao Extrinseca; Escalas de Avaliacao; Analise Fatorial. Psychometric properties from a valuation’s measure of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: an explanatory study