Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SCOR: Structural Classification of RNA, version 2.0

SCOR, the Structural Classification of RNA (http://scor.lbl.gov), is a database designed to provide a comprehensive perspective and understanding of RNA motif three-dimensional structure, function, tertiary interactions and their relationships. SCOR 2.0 represents a major expansion and introduces a new classification organization. The new version represents the classification as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), which allows a classification node to have multiple parents, in contrast to the strictly hierarchical classification used in SCOR 1.2. SCOR 2.0 supports three types of query terms in the updated search engine: PDB or NDB identifier, nucleotide sequence and keyword. We also provide parseable XML files for all information. This new release contains 511 RNA entries from the PDB as of 15 May 2003. A total of 5880 secondary structural elements are classified: 2104 hairpin loops and 3776 internal loops. RNA motifs reported in the literature, such as 'Kink turn' and 'GNRA loops', are now incorporated into the structural classification along with definitions and descriptions.
Loss of Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 Induces Preterm Birth

Background Preterm birth accounting approximate 10% of pregnancies in women is a tremendous social, clinical and economic burden. However, its underlying causes remain largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that endocannabinoid signaling via cannabinoid receptor CB1 play critical roles in multiple early pregnancy events in both animals and humans. Since our previous studies demonstrated that loss of CB1 defers the normal implantation window in mice, we surmised that CB1 deficiency would influence parturition events. Methods and Findings Exploiting mouse models with targeted deletion of Cnr1, Cnr2 and Ptgs1 encoding CB1, CB2 and cyclooxygenase-1, respectively, we examined consequences of CB1 or CB2 silencing on the onset of parturition. We observed that genetic or pharmacological inactivation of CB1, but not CB2, induced preterm labor in mice. Radioimmunoassay analysis of circulating levels of ovarian steroid hormones revealed that premature birth resulting from CB1 inactivation is correlated with altered progesterone/estrogen ratios prior to parturition. More strikingly, the phenotypic defects of prolonged pregnancy length and parturition failure in mice missing Ptgs1 were corrected by introducing CB1 deficiency into Ptgs1 null mice. In addition, loss of CB1 resulted in aberrant secretions of corticotrophin-releasing hormone and corticosterone during late gestation. The pathophysiological significance of this altered corticotrophin-releasing hormone-driven endocrine activity in the absence of CB1 was evident from our subsequent findings that a selective corticotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist was able to restore the normal parturition timing in Cnr1 deficient mice. In contrast, wild-type females receiving excessive levels of corticosterone induced preterm birth. Conclusions CB1 deficiency altering normal progesterone and estrogen levels induces preterm birth in mice. This defect is independent of prostaglandins produced by cyclooxygenase-1. Moreover, CB1 inactivation resulted in aberrant corticotrophin-releasing hormone and corticosterone activities prior to parturition, suggesting that CB1 regulates labor by interacting with the corticotrophin-releasing hormone-driven endocrine axis.
Deficiency of interstitial cells of Cajal in the small intestine of patients with Crohn's disease

OBJECTIVE:Interstitial cells of Cajal are critical for the generation of electrical slow waves that regulate the phasic contractile activity of the tunica muscularis of the GI tract. Under certain pathophysiological conditions loss of interstitial cells of Cajal may play a role in the generation of certain motility disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine if there is an abnormality in the density or distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal from patients with Crohn's disease.METHODS:Small intestines from control subjects and patients with Crohn's disease were examined using immunohistochemistry and antibodies against the Kit receptor, which is expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal within the tunica muscularis of the GI tract. The density and distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal were assessed in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers and in the myenteric and deep muscular plexus regions of Crohn's and control tissues.RESULTS:Tissues from Crohn's disease patients showed an almost complete abolition of interstitial cells of Cajal within the longitudinal and circular muscle layers and a significant reduction in numbers at the level of the myenteric and deep muscular plexuses.CONCLUSIONS:In tissues from Crohn's disease patients, the density of interstitial cells of Cajal was reduced throughout the tunica muscularis in comparison to control small intestines. The disturbance of intestinal motility that occurs in patients with Crohn's disease may be a consequence of the loss of or defects in specific populations of interstitial cells of Cajal within the tunica muscularis.
Child Maltreatment History and Interpersonal Problems in Adult Couple Relationships

This study examines the relationship between interpersonal problems in adult couple relationships and childhood maltreatment in a sample of 1,728 university students who completed an online questionnaire. Victims of maltreatment reported higher levels of couple interpersonal problems. Also, the experience of childhood maltreatment is more strongly associated with couple interpersonal difficulties for males than for females. For females, emotional neglect is more consistently related to couple interpersonal problems, including problems with being nonassertive, distant, and self-sacrificing. For males, physical abuse is significantly associated with the likelihood of being domineering, distant, and self-sacrificing. The issue of how the different forms of maltreatment might contribute differently to couple interpersonal problems for males and females is addressed and discussed.
Acidosis Is a key regulator of osteoblast ecto‐nucleotidase pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) expression and activity

Previous work has shown that acidosis prevents bone nodule formation by osteoblasts in vitro by inhibiting mineralisation of the collagenous matrix. The ratio of phosphate (Pi) to pyrophosphate (PPi) in the bone microenvironment is a fundamental regulator of bone mineralisation. Both Pi and PPi, a potent inhibitor of mineralisation, are generated from extracellular nucleotides by the actions of ecto‐nucleotidases. This study investigated the expression and activity of ecto‐nucleotidases by osteoblasts under normal and acid conditions. We found that osteoblasts express mRNA for a number of ecto‐nucleotidases including NTPdase 1–6 (ecto‐nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) and NPP1‐3 (ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase). The rank order of mRNA expression in differentiating rat osteoblasts (day 7) was Enpp1 > NTPdase 4 > NTPdase 6 > NTPdase 5 > alkaline phosphatase > ecto‐5‐nucleotidase > Enpp3 > NTPdase 1 > NTPdase 3 > Enpp2 > NTPdase 2. Acidosis (pH 6.9) upregulated NPP1 mRNA (2.8‐fold) and protein expression at all stages of osteoblast differentiation compared to physiological pH (pH 7.4); expression of other ecto‐nucleotidases was unaffected. Furthermore, total NPP activity was increased up to 53% in osteoblasts cultured in acid conditions (P < 0.001). Release of ATP, one of the key substrates for NPP1, from osteoblasts, was unaffected by acidosis. Further studies showed that mineralised bone formation by osteoblasts cultured from NPP1 knockout mice was increased compared with wildtypes (2.5‐fold, P < 0.001) and was partially resistant to the inhibitory effect of acidosis. These results indicate that increased NPP1 expression and activity might contribute to the decreased mineralisation observed when osteoblasts are exposed to acid conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 3049–3056, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and Analysis of a Single-Camera Omnistereo Sensor for Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs)

We describe the design and 3D sensing performance of an omnidirectional stereo (omnistereo) vision system applied to Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs). The proposed omnistereo sensor employs a monocular camera that is co-axially aligned with a pair of hyperboloidal mirrors (a vertically-folded catadioptric configuration). We show that this arrangement provides a compact solution for omnidirectional 3D perception while mounted on top of propeller-based MAVs (not capable of large payloads). The theoretical single viewpoint (SVP) constraint helps us derive analytical solutions for the sensor’s projective geometry and generate SVP-compliant panoramic images to compute 3D information from stereo correspondences (in a truly synchronous fashion). We perform an extensive analysis on various system characteristics such as its size, catadioptric spatial resolution, field-of-view. In addition, we pose a probabilistic model for the uncertainty estimation of 3D information from triangulation of back-projected rays. We validate the projection error of the design using both synthetic and real-life images against ground-truth data. Qualitatively, we show 3D point clouds (dense and sparse) resulting out of a single image captured from a real-life experiment. We expect the reproducibility of our sensor as its model parameters can be optimized to satisfy other catadioptric-based omnistereo vision under different circumstances.
Sexual lifestyle among young adults with type 1 diabetes

Sexual lifestyles including sexual activity, problems, satisfaction, and the formation and maintenance of relationships are greatly affected by physical health. Data are limited regarding the sexual lifestyle of adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Fear of hypoglycemic episodes during sexual intercourse and intimacy issues can impact individuals with T1DM. The aim of this study was to assess sexual lifestyles of individuals with T1DM.
The research on medical information sharing between hospitals based on evolutionary game theory

At present, the problem of “difficulties and high expense in medical care” has become a social problem in China and medical information sharing between hospitals is one of the key points in making the medical resources effectively used. In this paper, based on the Medical Consortium that the Chinese government has already constructed, the problem of medical information sharing between hospitals are studied. Obviously, medical information sharing is an interactive behavior between hospitals. We consider this interactive behavior as a game behavior and proposed an evolutionary game model to study the information sharing interactions between two hospitals. In the model, the information quantity, information usage rate, information sharing cost, information sharing risk and social evaluations of hospitals are included. The results show that by adjusting the parameters above with the government incentive policies, the information sharing probability can be improved. Encouraging hospitals with similar quantity of information to participate in the information sharing process, reducing the sharing risk and sharing cost, and improving the hospital's information using capability are the key factors to promote the medical information sharing between hospitals. Through numerical analysis, we also give out the ranking of the parameters for the government to carry out targeted policies.
Institutional Effectiveness and Student Success: A Study of High- and Low-Impact Community Colleges

There has been little research on institutional effectiveness at community colleges. A key challenge is how to compare colleges that serve students with widely varying characteristics. Using transcript-level data on over 150,000 Florida community college students, we estimated the effect on the graduation, transfer, and persistence rates of minority students at each of the 28 Florida community colleges as a proxy for institutional effectiveness. We ranked the colleges based on these estimated effects and selected six colleges for field research—3 that had a high impact on minority student success and three that had a low impact. Our fieldwork focused on a set of 7 elements of institutional policy, practice, and culture that we hypothesized are important for promoting student success. We found that the high-impact colleges were more likely than the low-impact colleges to coordinate their programs and services to support student success. We also found that minority students were generally more successful in colleges that had support services targeted specifically to their needs. The study suggests that a more important factor for institutional effectiveness than adopting particular policies or practices is how well a college manages and aligns its programs and services to support student success.
Patient Complaints about Physician Behaviors: A Qualitative Study

Purpose Health care institutions are required to routinely collect and address formal patient complaints. Despite the availability of this feedback, no published efforts explore such data to improve physician behavior. The authors sought to determine the usefulness of patient complaints by establishing meaningful categories and exploring their epidemiology. Method A register of formal, unsolicited patient complaints collected routinely at the Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina was used to categorize complaints using qualitative research strategies. After eliminating complaints unrelated to physician behavior, complaints from March 1999 were analyzed (60) to identify complaint categories that were then validated using complaints from January 2000 (122). Subsequently, all 1,746 complaints for the year 2000 were examined. Those unrelated to physician behavior (1,342) and with inadequate detail (182) were excluded, leaving 222 complaints for further analysis. Results Complaints were most commonly lodged by a patient (111), followed by a patient's spouse (33), child (52), parent (50), relative/friend (15), or health care professional (2). The most commonly identified category was disrespect (36%), followed by disagreement about expectations of care (23%), inadequate information (20%), distrust (18%), perceived unavailability (15%), interdisciplinary miscommunication (4%), and misinformation (4%). Multiple categories were identified in 42 (19%) complaints. Examples from each category provide adequate detail to develop instructional modules. Conclusion The seven complaint categories of physician behaviors should be useful in developing curricula related to professionalism, communication skills, and practice-based learning.
Experimental Evaluation of a Distributed Kalman Filter Algorithm

This paper evaluates the performance of a distributed Kalman filter applied to an ultrasound based positioning application with seven sensor nodes. By distributed we mean that all nodes in the network desires an estimate of the full state of the observed system and there is no centralized computation center after deployment. Communication only takes place between neighbors and only once each sampling interval. The problem is solved by communicating estimates between neighbors and then forming a weighted average as the new estimate. The weights are optimized to yield a small estimation error covariance in stationarity. The minimization can be done off line thus allowing only estimates to be communicated. In the experimental setup the distributed solution performs almost as good as a centralized solution. The proposed algorithm also proved very robust against packet loss.
Back Pain in Children: No Association with Objectively Measured Level of Physical Activity

Study Design. A cross-sectional survey of 481 children aged 8–10 years and 325 adolescents aged 14–16 years obtained through a proportional two-stage cluster sample of children living in Odense, Denmark. Objectives. To investigate whether there are any associations between back pain and the level of self-reported physical activity, the level of self-reported physical inactivity, and the level of objectively measured physical activity. In addition, to test the validity of the self-reported physical activity data. Summary of Background Data. A sedentary lifestyle in children is believed to be harmful for the back, whereas moderate physical activities are supposed to be beneficial. There is no obvious epidemiologic evidence in favor of this concept. In none of the previous studies has the combined activity/inactivity pattern been investigated, nor has the amount of physical activity been measured objectively. Methods. The associations and dose-response connections for back pain, mid back pain, and low back pain in the preceding month were studied in relation to self-reported physical activity and physical inactivity. In addition, an objective and validated method to measure the daily level of physical activity (the accelerometer) was used to establish the associations with the same outcome variables. The association between the level of self-reported activities and the accelerometer was investigated. Results. The self-reported data resulted in mixed findings, but there were no associations between any of the three pain variables and the readings from the accelerometer, and no changes occurred after adjustment for age, gender, and puberty stage. There was a weak and inconsistent correlation (0.25) between the accelerometer readings and self-reported physical activity that nevertheless tested significantly for trend but none between the accelerometer readings and the level of self-reported physical inactivity. Conclusions. There is no obvious association between the objectively measured level of physical activity and back pain in children and adolescents. Simple self-reported levels of physical activity and inactivity cannot be used meaningfully on young people in back pain research.
Observing Communication Skills in Staff Interacting with Adults Suffering from Intellectual Disability, Autism and Schizophrenia

Background: Related to nursing, co-morbidity of intellectual disability (ID), autism and mental health problems, generate a need for integrated knowledge from both intellectual disability nursing and psychiatric nursing. Aim: The aim of the current paper is to examine the reliability of an instrument designed for observing communication skills in professionals caring for patients with intellectual disability, autism and schizophrenia. Procedure: A naturalistic prospective observational design was chosen. Scoring categories were developed, staff and patient communications were video-recorded and then scored. Reliability was estimated by inter-rater agreement. Results: Across 370 sequences of interaction, all categories except one were observed. Inter-rater agreement on the observational categories was high. Conclusion: The instrument worked as expected according to both observer agreement and presence of staff communication skills.
The Effects of Level of Moral Reasoning on Consistency Between Moral Attitudes and Related Behaviors

The hypothesis of the present studies is that the level of consistency between attitudes about moral issues and their related behaviors is partially determined by the nature of the reasoning processes that underlie the attitude. In our studies, reasoning processes were measured by Rest's (1979). Defining Issues Test (DIT), an objective test of moral reasoning that is based on Kohlberg's (1969) theory of moral development. Subjects' attitudes toward the legal status of abortions were assessed as well. Then the subjects were given a chance to engage in advocacy behavior that would support their attitude (Study 1) or were asked to sign a petition that was consistent with their attitude (Study 2). Both studies showed that attitude-behavior consistency was higher among persons at more advanced levels of reasoning.
The Professional Gambler

THE professional gambling fraternity is a varied one, and the title of professional gambler does not lend itself readily to simple definition. Professional gamblers are not necessarily of the underworld, though they tend to gravitate to underworld society for two reasons: one, because their calling is not conventionally respectable; the other, because their haunts bring them into contact with members of the underworld. Professional gamblers are not necessarily dishonest, but there are few who can long resist the temptation to be so when offered the opportunity. &dquo;Professional gambler&dquo; seems like a contradiction in terms, because the aim of the true professional is to avoid risk as much as possible, but there are few who can resist an out-and-out gamble, and it is an adage of the fraternity that the gambler wins at the game that is his specialty, only to lose the money at another man’s game. It is most convenient to divide the professional gamblers into several subclassifications : the banker, the percentage gambler, the cheater (&dquo;sharper&dquo;
Controlling inflammation

The inflammatory response protects the body against infection and injury but can itself become deregulated with deleterious consequences to the host. It is now clear that several endogenous biochemical pathways activated during defense reactions can counterregulate inflammation. New experimental evidence adds resolvin E1 to this group of endogenous inhibitors and provides further rationale for the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with fish oils. It also highlights an unexpected twist in the pharmacology of aspirin.
A Novel Method for the Discrimination of Semen Arecae and Its Processed Products by Using Computer Vision, Electronic Nose, and Electronic Tongue

Areca nut, commonly known locally as Semen Arecae (SA) in China, has been used as an important Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years. The raw SA (RAW) is commonly processed by stir-baking to yellow (SBY), stir-baking to dark brown (SBD), and stir-baking to carbon dark (SBC) for different clinical uses. In our present investigation, intelligent sensory technologies consisting of computer vision (CV), electronic nose (E-nose), and electronic tongue (E-tongue) were employed in order to develop a novel and accurate method for discrimination of SA and its processed products. Firstly, the color parameters and electronic sensory responses of E-nose and E-tongue of the samples were determined, respectively. Then, indicative components including 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and arecoline (ARE) were determined by HPLC. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) were performed. The results demonstrated that these three instruments can effectively discriminate SA and its processed products. 5-HMF and ARE can reflect the stir-baking degree of SA. Interestingly, the two components showed close correlations to the color parameters and sensory responses of E-nose and E-tongue. In conclusion, this novel method based on CV, E-nose, and E-tongue can be successfully used to discriminate SA and its processed products.