Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Action Potential Stimulation on Pain, Swelling and Function of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Article history: Received: 7 March 2011 Accepted: 1 June 2011 Available online: 7 Oct 2011 Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint diseases. Electrical muscle stimulation is effective to improve its symptoms. Today, action potential stimulation (APS) with various currents and periods is used to treat OA. This study aims at analyzing the effect of action potential stimulation in improving knee OA symptoms. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, patients with mild to moderate knee OA divided randomly in two groups each had 15 people. Along with the conventional exercises of physiotherapy, one group received 16 minutes action potential stimulation with the lowest intensity (sensible); but the other group besides receiving the conventional exercises of physiotherapy was connected into a plugged off machine for 16 minutes. Certain variables were measured and recorded four times. Results: Comparing the variables before and after intervention did not show any meaningful difference between the two groups. But within group, pain with p=0.0001 showed a meaningful decrease. Decreasing of swelling (inflammation) in group 1 and 2 was meaningful with p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively. For group 1, knee flexion range was improved meaningfully between first and fourth times as p<0.031, but it was not meaningful for group 2. Duration of 50 meters walking and step up and down from three steps significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in variables between two groups, but within both groups’ pain and swelling decreased and functional ability increased, thus, it can be concluded that type of APS does not play a key role in treating knee OA. Copyright © 2012 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Coronary Artery Reperfusion: II. REDUCTION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCT SIZE AT 1 WEEK AFTER THE CORONARY OCCLUSION

Abstract The question of whether or not the size of an area of myocardial infarction, measured at 1 wk after coronary occlusion, can be influenced by coronary artery reperfusion was examined in dogs. In seven control experiments the anterior descending coronary artery was ligated, while in seven other studies the occlusion was released after 3 hr. In all animals calibrated photographs were used to assess the zone of hypoperfusion and the acutely injured area of epicardial ST segment elevation, as well as the extent of damage at postmortem 1 wk later. In control dogs, the gross infarct size at postmortem averaged 63.8±7.3% of that predicted from the acutely injured zone. However, in reperfused hearts the average gross infarct size at 1 wk was only 10.2±4.4% of that predicted. Transmural specimens were obtained at autopsy for histology and measurement of myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity from sites initially used for epicardial electrocardiography. In control animals, there was a direct relationship between the degree of ST segment elevation and the degree of cell necrosis in transmural histologic sections. ST segment elevation also predicted myocardial CPK (international units per milligram protein): log CPK = − 0.0613 ST + 1.17 (r = 0.66, n = 56 sites). In the reperfused animals, log CPK = − 0.166 ST + 1.36 (r = 0.69, n = 46 sites) showing almost complete preservation of CPK activity at 1 wk, sparing being most prominent in the epicardial zone. Similarly, there was a good correlation between myocardial CPK activity and the histological assessment of cell destruction, the degree of cell damage = − 0.152 CPK + 3.86 (r = 0.86; n = 102 sites). Thus, control dogs showed severe myocardial CPK depletion and histologic evidence of extensive cell destruction, whereas animals subjected to coronary artery reperfusion had little CPK depletion and much less evidence of myocardial cell necrosis 1 wk later.
HTLV‐1‐associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis‐like Rats by Intravenous Injection of HTLV‐1‐producing Rabbit or Human T‐Cell Line into Adult WKA Rats

We intravenously injected Ra‐1 cells or MT‐2 cells into female adult WKA rats. Spastic paraparesis mainly in the hind‐limbs was observed in 1 out of 2 Ra‐1 cell‐injected WKA rats and in 3 out of 8 MT‐2 cell‐injected WKA rats 20 27 months after injection. The main neuropathological finding was symmetrical white matter degeneration with mononuclear cell infiltration of the spinal cord, similar to that of HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients, and degeneration of nerve roots and peripheral nerves. Antibodies against HTLV‐1 antigens were detected in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from these HAM/TSP‐like rats. HTLV‐1 provirus was detected from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of one of these rats 20 months after injection. Interestingly, spastic paraparesis was not observed in F344 rats.
An Evidence-Based Approach for Choosing Post-exercise Recovery Techniques to Reduce Markers of Muscle Damage, Soreness, Fatigue, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Introduction: The aim of the present work was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the impact of recovery techniques on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), perceived fatigue, muscle damage, and inflammatory markers after physical exercise. Method: Three databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web-of-Science were searched using the following terms: (“recovery” or “active recovery” or “cooling” or “massage” or “compression garment” or “electrostimulation” or “stretching” or “immersion” or “cryotherapy”) and (“DOMS” or “perceived fatigue” or “CK” or “CRP” or “IL-6”) and (“after exercise” or “post-exercise”) for randomized controlled trials, crossover trials, and repeated-measure studies. Overall, 99 studies were included. Results: Active recovery, massage, compression garments, immersion, contrast water therapy, and cryotherapy induced a small to large decrease (−2.26 < g < −0.40) in the magnitude of DOMS, while there was no change for the other methods. Massage was found to be the most powerful technique for recovering from DOMS and fatigue. In terms of muscle damage and inflammatory markers, we observed an overall moderate decrease in creatine kinase [SMD (95% CI) = −0.37 (−0.58 to −0.16), I2 = 40.15%] and overall small decreases in interleukin-6 [SMD (95% CI) = −0.36 (−0.60 to −0.12), I2 = 0%] and C-reactive protein [SMD (95% CI) = −0.38 (−0.59 to−0.14), I2 = 39%]. The most powerful techniques for reducing inflammation were massage and cold exposure. Conclusion: Massage seems to be the most effective method for reducing DOMS and perceived fatigue. Perceived fatigue can be effectively managed using compression techniques, such as compression garments, massage, or water immersion.
Effects of dietary L-arginine intake on cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptation in athletes.

To assess the effect of diet enrichment with L-arginine or supplementation at high doses on physiological adaptation during exercise, 9 athletes followed 3 different diets, each over 3 consecutive days, with a wash-out period of 4 d between training sessions: control diet (CD), 5.5 +/- 0.3 g/d of L-arginine; Diet 1 (rich in L-arginine food), 9.0 +/- 1.1 g/d of L-arginine; and Diet 2 (the same as CD but including an oral supplement of 15 g/d), 20.5 +/- 0.3 g/d of L-arginine. Plasma nitrate levels of each participant were determined on the day after each treatment. Participants performed a submaximal treadmill test (initial speed 10-11 km/hr, work increments 1 km/hr every 4 min until 85-90% VO2max, and passive recovery periods of 2 min). Oxygen uptake and heart rate were monitored throughout the test. Blood lactate concentration ([La-]b) was determined at the end of each stage. Repeated-measures ANOVA and paired Student's t tests were used to compare the various physiological parameters between diets. The level of significance was set at p < . 05. [La-]b showed a significant effect at the 5-min time point between CD and Diet 2 (CD 3.0 +/- 0.5 mM, Diet 2 2.5 +/- 0.5 mM, p = .03), but this tendency was not found at higher exercise intensities. No significant differences were observed in any of the cardiorespiratory or plasma nitrate levels. In conclusion, dietary L-arginine intake on the days preceding the test does not improve physiological parameters during exercise.
Expected Failures in 3-D Technology and Related Failure Analysis Challenges

After an introduction to 3-D technology, and through silicon via (TSV)- and stacking options, this paper provides an overview of failures that can be expected in 3-D technology and lists the potential failure analysis (FA) techniques that can be applied to find these failures and the related challenges. Various failure mechanisms and effects that can be expected in TSVs, such as Cu pumping, voids, liner/barrier breakdown, electromigration, mechanical stress impact, Cu diffusion, plasma-induced damage, and the keep-out-zone, are discussed. Also, failures due to backside processing (thinning-induced damage, charging, and Cu exposure) and stacking (misalignment, voids, solder squeeze-out, electrostatic discharge, stress-induced cracking, and delamination) are listed. The importance of mechanical stress and chip–package interaction as a main threat for failures in 3-D technology is highlighted. The FA techniques are not discussed in detail (references are provided). There is a clear need for techniques that can detect failures, such as small (micrometer and submicrometer range) cracks, voids, and delaminated regions (both planar and vertical).
Is my phone alive?: a large-scale study of shape change in handheld devices using videos

Shape-changing handheld devices are emerging as research prototypes, but it is unclear how users perceive them and which experiences they engender. The little data we have on user experience is from single prototypes, only covering a small part of the possibilities in shape change. We produce 51 videos of a shape-changing handheld device by systematically varying seven parameters of shape change. In a crowd-sourced study, 187 participants watched the videos and described their experiences using rating scales and free text. We find significant and large differences among parameters of shape change. Shapes that have previously been used for notifications were rated the least urgent; the degree of shape change was found to impact experience more than type of shape change. The experience of shape change was surprisingly complex: hedonic quality were inversely related to urgency, and some shapes were perceived as ugly, yet useful. We discuss how to advance models of shape change and improve research on the experience of shape change.
Managing Uncertainty in Self-Adaptive Systems with Plan Reuse and Stochastic Search

Many software systems operate in environments where change and uncertainty are the rule, rather than exceptions. Techniques for self-adaptation allow these systems to automatically respond to environmental changes, yet they do not handle changes to the adaptive system itself, such as the addition or removal of adaptation tactics. Instead, changes in a self-adaptive system often require a human planner to redo an expensive planning process to allow the system to continue satisfying its quality requirements under different conditions; automated techniques typically must replan from scratch. We propose to address this problem by reusing prior planning knowledge to adapt in the face of unexpected situations. We present a planner based on genetic programming that reuses existing plans. While reuse of material in genetic algorithms has recently applied successfully in the area of automated program repair, we find that naively reusing existing plans for self-* planning actually results in a loss of utility. Furthermore, we propose a series of techniques to lower the costs of reuse, allowing genetic techniques to leverage existing information to improve planning utility when replanning for unexpected changes.
Subsite (cervix/endometrium)‐specific Risk and Protective Factors in Uterus Cancer

In Japan the incidence of cervical cancer has been high, but has recently been decreasing gradually, while the incidence of endometrial cancer is running at lower levels but is gradually increasing. To clarify the common and/or specific risk and/or protective factors of cervical cancer (CC) in contrast with endometrial cancer (EC), a comparative case‐control study was conducted at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. In total, 556 CC cases and 145 EC cases were included and 26,751 women, confirmed as free of cancer, were chosen as the common control group. Odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for each exposure variable were estimated by using an unconditional logistic regression model adjusted for age and first‐visit year. Habitual smoking and experience of pregnancy increased the risk of CC, while decreasing the risk of EC. Greater body mass index (>20), daily intake of fruit and more frequent intake of boiled or broiled fish (>1–2 times/week) decreased the risk of CC, whereas they increased the risk of EC. Daily intake of milk decreased the risk of CC. The results obtained from this study suggest that several EC‐increasing risk factors are in fact CC‐decreasing determinants. The observed risk reduction in both CC and EC by physical exercise and dietary control for health is noteworthy from the public health standpoint and warrants further investigation.
Chemopreventive Effect of Lactobacttlus rhamnosus on Growth of a Subcutaneously Implanted Bladder Cancer Cell Line in the Mouse

Lactic acid bacteria are known to have beneficial effects on the host, such as preventing carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of Lactobacttlus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) in suppressing bladder cancer formation in a murine subcutaneous model of bladder cancer involving the inoculation of MB49 cells in C57B/L6 mice. After tumor implantation, one group of mice (n=8) was fed LGG immediately. The remaining mice that had tumors between 0.03–0.1 cm3 were divided into two groups: those fed LGG after 7 days (n=7) and those fed saline (n=7). A second group of mice without any inoculation of MB49 cells was fed either LGG (n=10) or saline (n=10) and served as non‐tumor‐bearing controls. LGG was administered orally at 1.6×l08 colony‐forming units daily. Mice fed LGG immediately after tumor cell implantation formed smaller tumors and some did not develop tumors (2 out of 8 mice), when the tumor burden was small. The level of spleen CD3, CD4 and CD8a T lymphocytes, as well as natural killer cells in mice fed immediately with LGG was also higher than that in control tumor‐bearing mice. There was an increase in lymphocytes and granulocytes in tumor sections, especially from the immediately fed group as compared to the controls. Our results suggest that oral consumption of LGG may prevent tumor growth via modulation of the immune system. The potential of LGG as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of bladder cancer could be further explored.
Adverse Selection in Term Life Insurance Purchasing Due to the BRCA1/2 Genetic Test and Elastic Demand

Consumer groups fear that the use of genetic testing information in insurance underwriting might lead to the creation of an underclass of individuals who cannot obtain insurance; thus, these groups want to ban insurance companies from accessing genetic test results. Insurers contend that such a ban might lead to adverse selection that could threaten their financial solvency. To investigate the potential effect of adverse selection in a term life insurance market, a discrete-time, discrete-state, Markov chain is used to track the evolution of twelve closed cohorts of women, differentiated by family history of breast and ovarian cancer and age at issue of a 20-year annually renewable term life insurance policy. The insurance demand behavior of these women is tracked, incorporating elastic demand for insurance. During the 20-year period, women may get tested for BRCA1/2 mutations. Each year, the insurer calculates the expected premiums and expected future benefit payouts which determine the following year's premium schedule. At the end of each policy year, women can change their life insurance benefit, influenced by their testing status and premium changes. Adverse selection could result from (i) differentiated benefits following test results; (ii) differentiated lapse rates according to test results; and (iii) differentiated reactions to price increases. It is concluded that with realistic estimates of behavioral parameters, adverse selection could be a manageable problem for insurers.
Modulation of host immune response by human papillomaviruses and role of E6/E7 oncoproteins in development of cervical precursor lesions and cervical cancer.

Human papillomavirus infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted disease globally and etiological cause of cervical precursor lesions, cervical cancer as well as non-genital cancer. Failure of immunocompetent host to timely detect and eradicate HPV-infected cells and malignant altered cells, poses a higher risk for development of HPV-related cervical disease. This review focuses on host innate and adaptive effectors of the immune system and mechanisms used by HPVs to efficiently evade immune response and therefore establish persistent infection with subsequent disease progression.
The State of Environmental Journalism in Germany and Russia

In the last few years I have been intensively reporting on all major UN Conferences on climate change/green economy/sustainable development issues both in Russian and German media. This type of reporting, which connects themes about the environment, politics and business might be rather new to a Russian readership, as environmental journalism is just beginning to take root in the Russian media landscape. The challenges I faced confirm this assumption and include the following issues: the distance and abstractness of global issues, lack of strong political decisions and commitments, problems referring to future issues which might seem less relevant at the moment, turning complex and diverse information into linear stories, contradictory scientific research data, and many others. At the same time, in many ways, environmental journalism in Germany is quite different than in Russia – not only because media landscapes and media markets differentiate (including political and economical prerequisites), but also because the theme of sustainability has a completely different meaning and importance in political, business and social contexts. In this article I will compare environmental reporting, mostly on UN-related events, in Russian and German media, in an attempt to outline both similarities and differences between the two media markets.
Post-Stroke Depression and Mood Disorders

A variety of psychological disorders may develop following stroke, namely depression. Post-stroke depression has been reported to affect approximately one-third of individuals. These rates may also be influenced by a combination of factors such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, functional independence, cognitive impairment, and stroke severity. The presence of post-stroke depression can significantly impact a wide range of outcomes and overall stroke recovery. Several studies have investigated pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for post-stroke depression. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the most effective and viable treatment. This chapter explores the evidence regarding interventions for the prevention and treatment of post-stroke depression, as well as its prevalence, predictors, and consequences. A brief overview of another mood disorder, poststroke emotionalism, is also provided.
Selection of recombinant anti‐SH3 domain antibodies by high‐throughput phage display

Antibodies are indispensable tools in biochemical research and play an expanding role as therapeutics. While hybridoma technology is the dominant method for antibody production, phage display is an emerging technology. Here, we developed and employed a high‐throughput pipeline that enables selection of antibodies against hundreds of antigens in parallel. Binding selections using a phage‐displayed synthetic antigen‐binding fragment (Fab) library against 110 human SH3 domains yielded hundreds of Fabs targeting 58 antigens. Affinity assays demonstrated that representative Fabs bind tightly and specifically to their targets. Furthermore, we developed an efficient affinity maturation strategy adaptable to high‐throughput, which increased affinity dramatically but did not compromise specificity. Finally, we tested Fabs in common cell biology applications and confirmed recognition of the full‐length antigen in immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays. In summary, we have established a rapid and robust high‐throughput methodology that can be applied to generate highly functional and renewable antibodies targeting protein domains on a proteome‐wide scale.
Deep learning for philately understanding

Deep Learning has enabled incredible advances in the field of computer vision in the recent years. Convolutional neural networks have demonstrated the ability to classify images into thousands of classes with high precision. These neural networks have solved various computer vision related problems like object classification, object detection, and image segmentation. Deep learning applications have benefited fields ranging from security to cancer treatments, and in this paper we apply deep learning to the niche field of philately. The objective of this research is to recognize stamp features such as plate number and row and column letter using photographs of stamps. We use the Queen Victoria Penny Red stamp Scott 33, a legacy stamp issued in mid-nineteenth century Britain. This stamp is a hugely popular stamp among philatelists. For this research, approximately 130,000 of these stamps have been meticulously photographed and cataloged. Despite sometimes poor quality and strong cancellation marks, results demonstrate over 95% accuracy on row/column recognition and 90% plate recognition.
MPLS - Multiprotocol Label Switching

This article describes the main features of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), a standard architecture proposed by the IETF that integrates label swapping forwarding with network layer routing. The role of MPLS in overcoming limitations of overlay models, such as IP over ATM, and of conventional routing in IP networks, is discussed. The main concepts are introduced and the operation of MPLS is explained – classification of packets into Forward Equivalence Classes, label allocation and binding to routes, label distribution, set up of Label Switched Paths and route selection. Finally, support of traffic engineering and Quality of Service mechanisms in MPLS networks is analysed
Lung Cancer Patients Have Increased 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Levels in Peripheral Lung Tissue DNA

The 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OH‐dG) levels in the peripheral parts of human lung tissues were compared between lung cancer patients (n=70) and non‐cancer patient controls (n=15). An increased level of 8‐OH‐dG was observed in the lung cancer group, in both the adenocarcinoma and non‐adenocarcinoma (mainly squamous cell carcinoma) groups, as compared to the non‐cancer control group. This result suggests that reactive oxygen species are partly involved in the induction of lung carcinomas (both adenocarcinoma and non‐adenocarcinoma).