Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Torsion of a Subserosal Myoma Managed by Gasless Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Myomectomy with In-Bag Manual Extraction

Acute torsion of a subserosal myoma is a rare surgical emergency that is infrequently diagnosed preoperatively. Furthermore, laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) myomectomy with in-bag tissue extraction for the management of this disorder has not yet been described. A 43-year-old, gravida 1, para 1 woman was referred to our department due to a solid pelvic mass associated with persistent abdominal pain. A pedunculated subserosal myoma with torsion was strongly suspected based on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Emergency LESS surgery showed that the subserosal myoma arising from the posterior uterine wall torted at its pedicle in the cul-de-sac. The twisted myoma node was excised by coagulation and cut using a LigaSure Atlas, followed by in-bag manual morcellation and extraction through an umbilical wound. The present case report emphasizes that LESS myomectomy with in-bag tissue extraction is a feasible minimally invasive surgical option for the management of subserosal myoma with torsion after a precise imaging-based diagnostic evaluation.
Fast analysis of EM scattering by joint use of the MLFMA and the FGG-FG-FFT

In this paper, a hybrid algorithm of the MLFMA and the FGG-FG-FFT is proposed for fast analysis of multiscale EM scattering from electrically large PEC objects. For multiscale problems, both the MLFMA and the FGG-FG-FFT have their own disadvantages. However, the hybrid algorithm can more easily deal with multiscale problems, leading to higher efficiency than either of these two algorithms. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
A constraint to automatically regulate document-length normalisation

Retrieval functions in information retrieval (IR) are fundamental to the effectiveness of search systems. However, considerable parameter tuning is often needed to increase the effectiveness of the retrieval. Document length normalisation is one such aspect that requires tuning on a per-query and per-collection basis for many retrieval functions. In this paper, we develop an approach that regularises the level of normalisation to apply on a per-query basis. We formally describe the interaction between query-terms and document length normalisation using a constraint. We then develop a general pre-retrieval approach to adapt a number of state-of-the-art ranking functions so that they adhere to the constraint. Finally, we empirically demonstrate that the adapted retrieval functions outperform default versions of the original retrieval functions, and perform at least comparably to tuned versions of the original functions, on a number of datasets. Essentially this regulates the normalisation parameter in a number of retrieval functions on a per-query basis in a principled manner.
The Fine Structure of Synapses

The word “synapse” was coined by Sir Charles Sherrington in 1897 to denote the normal anatomical relations between contiguous neurons (see Foster and Sherrington, 1897). The origin of the word is explained in a footnote in Fulton’s Physiology of the Nervous System (Fulton, 1938, p. 55), and in the literature is it is quite clear that Sherrington recognized the synapse as a discontinuous intercellular junction.
Mechanisms involved in the nutritional regulation of mRNA translation: features of the avian model

Abstract:Insulin and amino acids are key factors in regulating protein synthesis. The mechanisms of their action have been widely studied for several years. The insulin signal is mediated by the activation of intracellular kinases such as phosphatidylinositol–3'kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), affecting the phosphorylation of some major effectors involved in the regulation of translation initiation, i.e. p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) and the translational repressor eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein (4E-BP1). The amino acid–induced signalling cascade also originates from mTOR and promotes p70S6K and 4E–BP1 activation. However, the mechanisms of regulation are complex and little understood, especially in vivo. Elucidating these mechanisms is important for both fundamental physiology and nutritional applications, i.e. better control of the use of nutrients and optimisation of dietary amino acid supplies in various physiological and physiopathological situations. In comparative physiology, the chicken is an interesting model to gain better understanding of the nutritional regulation of mRNA translation because of the very high rates of muscle growth and protein synthesis, and the unusual features compared with mammals. In the present review we provide an overview of the roles of insulin and amino acids as regulators of protein synthesis in both mammals and avian species.
FACTORS OF SOFTWARE QUALITY – ANALYSIS OF EXTENDED ISBSG DATASET

In this paper, we analyze the extended ISBSG data set, which contains data on a wide range of software projects developed in v arious companies worldwide. The main aim of this paper is to identify important factors that influence software quality and to investigate the nature of these relationships. This analysis involves using various statistical techniques, both analytical and graphical. We provi de a rating for each variable to express the strength of its relationship with software qual ity. Unlike earlier analyses, we focus on the business perspective and its relationships on s oftware quality. Obtained results may be used do support decision making in software project s, specifically by demonstrating the impact of selected software development practices.
Disruptive Selection in Natural Populations: The Roles of Ecological Specialization and Resource Competition

Disruptive selection is potentially critical in maintaining variation and initiating speciation. Yet there are few convincing examples of disruptive selection from nature. Moreover, relatively little is known about the causes of disruptive selection. Here, we document disruptive selection and its causes in natural populations of spadefoot toad tadpoles (Spea multiplicata), which are highly variable in trophic phenotype and resource use. Using a mark‐recapture experiment in a natural pond, we show that selection favors extreme trophic phenotypes over intermediate individuals. We further show that such disruptive selection likely reflects both ecological specialization and resource competition. Evidence for ecological specialization comes from two field experiments, which demonstrate that extreme phenotypes forage more effectively on the main alternative resource types. Support for competition’s role in disruptive selection comes from two additional experiments, which demonstrate that intermediate phenotypes, which are often the most common phenotype, compete more with each other than with extreme forms and that the intensity of disruptive selection increases with conspecific density. Generally, ecological specialization and competition are widespread, suggesting that many populations may experience some level of disruptive selection. Thus, disruptive selection may be a more common force contributing to phenotypic variation in natural populations than is currently recognized.
Livestock Marketing and Supply Chain Management of Livestock Products

Some of the most dynamic markets both globally and in South Asia are for livestock and livestock products. This is being driven largely by demand due to growth in purchasing power, but other factors play a role as well. The vast bulk of these markets are domestic, do not cross international boundaries and are driven by local demand. Managing these supply chains requires addressing the complexity of handling and regulating highly perishable products, which at times also present greater human health implications than crop products. Consumer demand is increasingly driving a move towards higher standards, which is being channelled back through increasingly integrated production and supply chains, including greater roles for supermarkets. Regulators in turn are responding to public pressure by increasing scrutiny and standards for food safety. In spite of these consistent trends, livestock product markets in South Asia and typically across developing countries remain largely traditional and unorganised or informal, delivering raw, or minimally processed products to the majority of consumers. Managing these changes requires balancing regulatory interventions with economic forces in ways that are effective both for increased supply of quality products, as well as providing livelihoods and rural development opportunities through these growing markets. This paper does not attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of livestock markets and trends in India or elsewhere in developing countries, as there are other much more competent sources of that information, many of which are cited here. I do attempt nevertheless to raise some of the key issues that emerge from these trends, point to the challenges and opportunities they raise, and suggest possible strategies for addressing them.
Electric-field control of magnetism in few-layered van der Waals magnet

Zhi Wang,1,2∗ Tong-Yao Zhang,3,4∗ Mei Ding,5∗ Baojuan, Dong,1,2∗ Yan-Xu Li, Mao-Lin Chen, Xiao-Xi Li, Yong Li, Da Li, Chuan-Kun Jia, Li-Dong Sun, Huaihong Guo, Dong-Ming Sun, Yuan-Sen Chen,3,4† Teng Yang,1,2† Jing Zhang, Shimpei Ono, Zheng Vitto Han,1,2† and Zhi-Dong Zhang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China College of Sciences, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, 113001, China and Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Materials Science Research Laboratory, 2-6-1 Nagasaka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
The GBG-Rank and t-Cores I. Counting and 4-Cores

Let r_j(\pi,s) denote the number of cells, colored j, in the s-residue diagram of partition \pi. The GBG-rank of \pi mod s is defined as r_0+r_1*w_s+r_2*w_s^2+. +r_(s-1)*w_s^(s-1), where w_s=exp(2*\Pi*I/s). We will prove that for (s,t)=1, v(s,t) <= binomial(s+t,s)/(s+t), where v(s,t) denotes a number of distinct values that GBG-rank mod s of t-core may assume. The above inequality becomes an equality when s is prime or when s is composite and t<=2p_s, where p_s is a smallest prime divisor of s. We will show that the generating functions for 4-cores with the prescribed values of GBG-rank mod 3 are all eta-products.
The Effects of Repeat Testing, Malingering, and Traumatic Brain Injury on Computerized Measures of Visuospatial Memory Span

Spatial span tests (SSTs) such as the Corsi Block Test (CBT) and the SST of the Wechsler Memory Scale are widely used to assess deficits in spatial working memory. We conducted three experiments to evaluate the test–retest reliability and clinical sensitivity of a new computerized spatial span test (C-SST) that incorporates psychophysical methods to improve the precision of spatial span measurement. In Experiment 1, we analyzed C-SST test–retest reliability in 49 participants who underwent three test sessions at weekly intervals. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were higher for a psychophysically derived mean span (MnS) metric (0.83) than for the maximal span and total correct metrics used in traditional spatial-span tests. Response times (ReTs) also showed high ICCs (0.93) that correlated negatively with MnS scores and correlated positively with response-time latencies from other tests of processing speed. Learning effects were insignificant. Experiment 2 examined the performance of Experiment 1 participants when instructed to feign symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI): 57% showed abnormal MnS z-scores. A MnS z-score cutoff of 3.0 correctly classified 36% of simulated malingerers and 91% of the subgroup of 11 control participants with abnormal spans. Malingerers also made more substitution errors than control participants with abnormal spans (sensitivity = 43%, specificity = 91%). In addition, malingerers showed no evidence of ReT slowing, in contrast to significant abnormalities seen on other malingered tests of processing speed. As a result, differences between ReT z-scores and z-scores on other processing speed tests showed very high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing malingering and control participants with either normal or abnormal spans. Experiment 3 examined C-SST performance in a group of patients with predominantly mild TBI: neither MnS nor ReT z-scores showed significant group-level abnormalities. The C-SST improves the reliability and sensitivity of spatial span testing, can accurately detect malingering, and shows that visuospatial working memory is largely preserved in patients with predominantly mild TBI.
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Tracing Algorithm Based on Machine Vision

An intelligent tracing algorithm based on machine vision is described in this paper. The proposed system is comprised of a model car and the microcontroller XS128 using to design and implement the intelligent tracing system. The objective of this machine vision system is to implement an intelligent tracing system, which can track a black line as fast and stable as possible. The process of the tracing algorithm consists of image signal acquisition, target black line extraction, interpolation filter anti-jamming, path fitting and trend prediction.
Learning weak constraints in answer set programming

Abstract This paper contributes to the area of inductive logic programming by presenting a new learning framework that allows the learning of weak constraints in Answer Set Programming (ASP). The framework, called Learning from Ordered Answer Sets, generalises our previous work on learning ASP programs without weak constraints, by considering a new notion of examples as ordered pairs of partial answer sets that exemplify which answer sets of a learned hypothesis (together with a given background knowledge) are preferred to others. In this new learning task inductive solutions are searched within a hypothesis space of normal rules, choice rules, and hard and weak constraints. We propose a new algorithm, ILASP2, which is sound and complete with respect to our new learning framework. We investigate its applicability to learning preferences in an interview scheduling problem and also demonstrate that when restricted to the task of learning ASP programs without weak constraints, ILASP2 can be much more efficient than our previously proposed system.
MAG, myelin and overcoming growth inhibition in the CNS

While neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) have the capacity to regenerate their axons after injury, they fail to do so, in part because regeneration is limited by growth inhibitory proteins present in CNS myelin. Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was the first myelin-derived growth inhibitory protein identified, and its inhibitory activity was initially elucidated in 1994 independently by the Filbin lab and the McKerracher lab using cell-based and biochemical techniques, respectively. Since that time we have gained a wealth of knowledge concerning the numerous growth inhibitory proteins that are present in myelin, and we also have dissected many of the neuronal signaling pathways that act as stop signs for axon regeneration. Here we give an overview of the early research efforts that led to the identification of myelin-derived growth inhibitory proteins, and the importance of this family of proteins for understanding neurotrauma and CNS diseases. We further provide an update on how this knowledge has been translated towards current clinical studies in regenerative medicine.
EEG phase synchronization analysis applied to the attentional blink phenomenon

The attentional blink (AB) phenomenon was investigated using dynamic cross-lag phase synchronization of scalp EEG. We hypothesized that long-distance phase synchronization of gamma-band scalp EEG is necessary for conscious report of two targets in RSVP. To test the hypothesis, a dynamic cross-lag phase synchronization index (dcPSI) was computed for 45 pairs of electrodes. The dcPSI is a robust index to monitor spatio-temporal patterns in EEG phase synchronization. Our results showed that the synchronization between distant electrodes increased after the onset of the first target (T1). When the second target (T2) was presented after the AB period, the synchrony also increased immediately after T2 onset. On the other hand, if T2 was presented during the AB period, the synchronization did not increase immediately after T2.
N T ] 2 4 A pr 2 01 9 Generalized modular forms with a cuspidal divisor

In [6], Kohnen proves that if Γ = Γ0(N) where N is a square-free integer, then any modular function of weight 0 for Γ having a divisor supported at the cusps is an η-product. Under the condition of having rational Fourier coefficients, we are able to extend Kohnen’s result to the case where N is the square of a prime. If the rationality condition does not hold, we show that the statement is no longer true by providing a family of counter-examples that generalizes naturally the Dedekind η-function. This paper fits within the framework of generalized modular forms in the sense of Knopp and Mason.
Imaging of synaptically evoked intrinsic optical signals in hippocampal slices

Imaging analysis techniques were used to examine changes in the intrinsic optical properties in hippocampal brain slices that occurred during synaptic activity evoked by Schaffer collateral stimulation in CA1. Repetitive synaptic activity was associated with an increase in light transmission in the synaptic region in stratum radiatum. The effect was seen at wavelengths of light between 450 and 800 nm but was of greater amplitude at longer wavelengths. Blocking synaptic transmission with either Ca(2+)-free EGTA perfusate or kynurenic acid (an excitatory amino acid antagonist) blocked the optical signal, indicating that it resulted from postsynaptic activation of the cells and was not due to presynaptic fiber volleys or transmitter release alone. Because the optical changes were blocked by reducing extracellular Cl- (by replacement with gluconate) or by furosemide (an anion transport inhibitor), increased Cl- transport (conceivably Na-K- 2Cl cotransport) may generate these signals possibly by causing cellular swelling and thereby less light scattering. These optical changes were not blocked, however, by bicarbonate-free solution, indicating that bicarbonate transport may not be involved. Changes in the intrinsic optical signal could be related to glial swelling due to K+ released during neuronal activity because high-K(+)-induced swelling of cultured astrocytes is blocked by furosemide and low-Cl- solution. Intrinsic optical signals of neuronal tissue should be considered when voltage- or ion-sensitive dyes are used.
The role of mAKAPβ in the process of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II

Angiotensin II (AngII) is the central product of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and this octapeptide contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. mAKAPβ is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) that has the function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mAKAPβ in AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the possible mechanisms involved. Cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were treated with AngII. Subsequently, the morphology of the cardiomyocytes was observed and the expression of mAKAPβ and cardiomyocyte hypertrophic markers was measured. mAKAPβ-shRNA was constructed for RNA interference; the expression of mAKAPβ and hypertrophic markers, the cell surface area and the [3H]Leucine incorporation rate in the AngII-treated rat cardiomyocytes were detected following RNA interference. Simultaneously, changes in the expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)2 in the cardiomyocytes were assessed. The cell size of the AngII-treated cardiaomyocytes was significantly larger than that of the untreated cardiomyocytes. The expression of hypertrophic markers and p-ERK2, the cell surface area and the [3H]Leucine incorporation rate were all significantly increased in the AngII-treated cells. However, the expression of mAKAPβ remained unaltered in this process. RNA interference simultaneously inhibited the protein expression of mAKAPβ and p-ERK2, and the hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes induced by AngII was attenuated. These results demonstrate that AngII induces hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes, and mAKAPβ is possibly involved in this process. The effects of mAKAPβ on AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy may be associated with p-ERK2 expression.
Anti-corruption and Bank Lending

We study how anti-corruption measures affect banks’ lending decisions to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs). We develop a model where an SOE and a non-SOE both seek borrowings from a bank who obtains a positive private benefit due to corruption if it lends to the SOE. We use micro-level lending data from one of the largest state-owned banks in China and the Anti-corruption Campaign enacted by President Xi as a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of anti-corruption measures on bank lending to SOEs and non-SOEs. We find that SOEs received much more favorable borrowing terms than non-SOEs before the Anti-corruption Campaign, but this difference shrunk greatly since the Campaign was enacted, with non-SOEs receiving borrowing contracts with larger credit amounts, lower interest rates and longer durations. ∗Department of Applied Economics, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, China †Department of Finance, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, China ‡Department of Economics, Princeton University, NJ, USA
A Sliding-Window Based Efficient Forwarding Mechanism in Shared Memory Switch Fabric

Shared memory switch fabric is the dominant technology in single board switching and the front switching in high-speed switch systems, over which multicast should be well supported. The currently two important forwarding mechanisms are dedicated multicast queue (DMQ) and address copy queue (ACQ). This paper studies the efficiency of ACQ in terms of memory utility, and proposes a sliding-window based multicast-unicast promiscuous address copy queue (SWPACQ) model. Theoretical analysis and numerical emulation show that SWPACQ is a significant enhancement of ACQ, with its performance at least equivalent with ACQ. In given multicast proportion and fan out, the proposed scheme can demonstrate a considerable improvement.
Reconfigurable magnetoelectronic circuits for threshold logic

Magnetoelectronic devices, which combine ferromagnetic materials with conventional silicon structures, offer the potential to add non‐volatile storage to electronic systems, eliminating their vulnerability to data loss due to power supply interruptions. We present a set of circuits, based on the Hybrid Hall Effect device, that combine logic with non‐volatile storage. These circuits can be configured on a cycle‐by‐cycle basis to compute different functions of their inputs, store their outputs indefinitely even in the absence of system power, and can be easily integrated into CMOS systems to provide non‐volatile operation without requiring additional supply voltages or other global signals. They exploit the properties of the Hybrid Hall Effect device to efficiently implement threshold logic functions and thereby reduce the number of gates required to implement most Boolean expressions.