Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Numerical Implementation for Solar Coronal Modeling by an HLL Generalized Riemann Problem Solver

In this paper, we employ a Harten–Lax–van Leer (HLL) generalized Riemann problem (HLL-GRP) solver within the framework of a finite volume method to model 3D solar coronal structures for the first time. Based on the rotational invariance of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations, the HLL-GRP solver is successfully implemented into 3D MHD simulations. To constrain the divergence of the magnetic field, the locally divergence-free weighted-least-squares-based essentially nonoscillatory reconstruction and the properly discretized Godunov–Powell source term are applied. To keep density and pressure positive, a positivity-preserving limiter is added to the reconstructed polynomials of density and pressure. We first test a 3D blast wave problem to preliminarily validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme on Cartesian structured grid. Then, we further run our code on a six-component grid to numerically study the steady-state coronal structures of Carrington rotation 2218 during the solar minimum phase. A comparison with the two-stage Runge–Kutta scheme is performed for both the 3D blast wave problem and solar coronal problem. Numerical results of large-scale solar coronal structures are basically consistent with the observational characteristics, indicating the robustness of the proposed model.
Conjugative IncHI2/HI2A plasmids harbouring mcr-9 in colistin-susceptible Escherichia coli isolated from diseased pigs in Japan

Colistin is a last resort antimicrobial used for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr) genes are a cause of global concern, and, thus far, mcr-1–10 have been identified. In a previous study, we screened mcr-1–5 in Escherichia coli derived from diseased pigs in Japan and reported a high prevalence of mcr-1, -3 and -5. However, the previous report on the prevalence of mcr genes was inaccurate. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the prevalence of all reported variants of mcr in E. coli derived from the diseased pigs, which were previously screened for mcr-1–5. Additionally, we also characterized the mcr-9-positive E. coli , which was detected in this study. We screened mcr in 120 E. coli strains from diseased pigs and mcr-positive E. coli and an mcr-carrying plasmid were also characterized. One mcr-9-positive colistin-susceptible E. coli strain was detected (0.8 %). Plasmid-mediated mcr-9 was transferred to E. coli ML4909 as the recipient strain, and it was located on IncHI2/HI2A plasmid p387_L with other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The region harbouring ARGs including mcr-9, was similar to that on the Klebsiella pneumoniae chromosome harbouring mcr-9 isolated in Japan. mcr-3, -5 and -9 were detected (4.2 %) in colistin-susceptible strains. mcr-9 was found to be disseminated via the plasmid IncHI2/HI2A p387_L and transferred and inserted into chromosomes via a transposon. Our results suggest that mcr genes should be monitored regularly, regardless of their susceptibility to colistin.
Wind‐energy development alters pronghorn migration at multiple scales

Abstract Migration is a critical behavioral strategy necessary for population persistence and ecosystem functioning, but migration routes have been increasingly disrupted by anthropogenic activities, including energy development. Wind energy is the world's fastest growing source of electricity and represents an important alternative to hydrocarbon extraction, but its effects on migratory species beyond birds and bats are not well understood. We evaluated the effects of wind‐energy development on pronghorn migration, including behavior and habitat selection, to assess potential effects on connectivity and other functional benefits including stopovers. We monitored GPS‐collared female pronghorn from 2010 to 2012 and 2018 to 2020 in south‐central Wyoming, USA, an area with multiple wind‐energy facilities in various stages of development and operation. Across all time periods, we collected 286 migration sequences from 117 individuals, including 121 spring migrations, 123 fall migrations, and 42 facultative winter migrations. While individuals continued to migrate through wind‐energy facilities, pronghorn made important behavioral adjustments relative to turbines during migration. These included avoiding turbines when selecting stopover sites in spring and winter, selecting areas farther from turbines at a small scale in spring and winter, moving more quickly near turbines in spring (although pronghorn moved more slowly near turbines in the fall), and reducing fidelity to migration routes relative to wind turbines under construction in both spring and fall. For example, an increase in distance to turbine from 0 to 1 km translated to a 33% and 300% increase in the relative probability of selection for stopover sites in spring and winter, respectively. The behavioral adjustments pronghorn made relative to wind turbines could reduce the functional benefits of their migration, such as foraging success or the availability of specific routes, over the long term.
THE COMPARISON OF LEAST SQUARES AND THIRD‐ORDER PERIODOGRAM PROCEDURES IN THE ESTIMATION OF BIFREQUENCY

Given a stretch of time series values, the third-order periodogram is investigated as a criterion for use in the estimation of bifrequencies, that is of frequency triples (ω1ω2, ω3) with ω3= 2ω -ω1ω2. The least squares estimates of such frequencies are compared with estimates derived by maximizing the modulus of the third-order periodogram. It is found that neither estimation procedure is uniformly better than the other.
Spatial release from masking for noise-vocoded speech

Spatially separating a speech target from interfering masker(s) generally improves target intelligibility; an effect known as spatial release from masking (SRM). This study assessed the contribution of envelope cues to SRM. Target speech was presented from the front (0° azimuth) and speech maskers were either colocated or symmetrically separated from the target in azimuth (±15°, ±30°, ±45° and ±90°) using KEMAR head-related transfer functions. The target and maskers were presented either as natural speech or as noise-vocoded speech. For the vocoded speech, intelligibility was conveyed only by the envelopes from M frequency bands. Experiment 1 examined the effects of varying the number of frequency bands for the vocoder, and the degree of target-masker spatial separation, on SRM. Experiment 2 examined the effects of low-pass filtering the envelopes of the vocoded speech bands on SRM. Preliminary results for experiment 1 indicated that SRM improved as the number of spectral channels providing independent en.
Candidate drugs associated with sensitivity of cancer cell lines with DLST amplification or high mRNA levels

Overexpression of the dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (DLST) is associated with poor outcome in neuroblastoma patients and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and specifically with the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Inhibitors of OXPHOS were previously suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy for a subset of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Here, we tested if cell lines with DLST amplifications or high mRNA levels were associated with sensitivity to 250 drugs from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) dataset by comparing them to cell lines without these changes. DLST-altered cell lines were more sensitive to 7 approved drugs, among these obatoclax mesylate, a BCL2 inhibitor that reduces OXPHOS in human leukemia stem cells. Moreover, several protein kinase inhibitors were identified to be efficient in cell lines with DLST amplifications or high mRNA levels, suggesting a vulnerability of DLST-altered cell lines for drugs targeting the ERK/MAPK pathway. Furthermore, increased DLST expression in cell lines with driver mutations in KRAS supported this relationship. We therefore conclude that, in addition to OXPHOS, protein kinases could be potential targets of therapy in the presence of DLST amplifications or high mRNA levels. The new drug candidates proposed here could serve in experimental testing on drug efficacy in knock-in cell lines and DLST-activated tumors.
Click chemistry approaches for developing carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their applications

Abstract Click chemistry reactions constitute an important and relatively new approach in the medicinal chemistry toolbox and offer substantial advantages to medicinal chemists in terms of overcoming the limitations of facile chemical synthesis, increased throughput, yields and improved quality of compound libraries. Over the last two decades, click chemistry has been widely used in different aspects of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) modulators drug design. This review provides an overview of the general principles and applications of click chemistry in CA-related research, including the design of selective CA inhibitors (CAIs), their applications against several diseases such as innovative anticancer and anti-infective agents, fluorescent and radiopharmaceutical probes as new theranostic agents, as well as their application in protein labelling.
Expression of heat shock protein genes in Simmental cattle exposed to heat stress

Objective In tropical, subtropical and arid zones, heat stress is the main cause of productivity reduction in cattle. When climate stressors occur, animals become thermal adapted through differential expression of some genes, including heat shock proteins (HSP) family. The aim of this study was to determine levels of expression of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 genes in Simmental cattle raised in tropical environments of Mexico. Methods In this study, expression of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 genes was analyzed in 116 Simmental cattle from three farms with tropical climate located in western Mexico. Animals were sampled twice a day, in the morning and noon. Gene expression was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using probes marked with fluorescence. The MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measures was used for all statistical analysis. Results HSP60 gene expression differences were found for sex (p = 0.0349). HSP70 gene differences were detected for sampling hour (p = 0.0042), farm (p<0.0001), sex (p = 0.0476), and the interaction sampling hour×farm (p = 0.0002). Gene expression differences for HSP90 were observed for farm (p<0.0001) and year (p = 0.0521). HSP70 gene showed to be a better marker of heat stress than HSP60 and HSP90 genes. Conclusion Expression of HSP70 gene in Simmental herds of the tropical region of western México was different during early morning and noon, but the expression of the HSP60 and HSP90 genes was similar. Identification of resilient animals to heat stress will be useful in the genetic improvement of the Simmental breed.
Magnetic domains in Ni–Mn–Ga martensitic thin films

A series of martensitic Ni52Mn24Ga24 thin films deposited on alumina ceramic substrates has been prepared by using RF (radio-frequency) magnetron sputtering. The film thickness, d, varies from 0.1 to 5.0 µm. Magnetic domain patterns have been imaged by the MFM (magnetic force microscopy) technique. A maze domain structure is found for all studied films. MFM shows a large out-of-plane magnetization component and a rather uniform domain width for each film thickness. The domain width, δ, depends on the film thickness as in the whole studied range of film thickness. This dependence is the expected one for magnetic anisotropy and magnetostatic contributions in a perpendicular magnetic domain configuration. The proportionality coefficient is also consistent with the values of saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy determined in the samples.
Retinal ganglion cell loss is associated with future disability worsening in early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Thinning of the retinal combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIP) as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a common finding in patients with multiple sclerosis. This study aimed to investigate whether a single retinal OCT analysis allows prediction of future disease activity after a first demyelinating event.
Androstadienone sensitivity is associated with attention to emotions, social interactions, and sexual behavior in older U.S. adults

Δ 4,16-androstadien-3-one (androstadienone) is a putative human pheromone often linked to sexual attraction in young adults, although specific associations with sexual behavior are not yet established. Androstadienone also serves a broader social-emotional function beyond the sexual domain, specifically tuning the brain to efficiently process emotional information. Whether these effects persist throughout the lifespan into post-reproductive life is unknown. In a laboratory study of older adults, those with greater androstadienone odor sensitivity paid greater attention to subliminal emotional information, specifically, angry faces (p = 0.05), with a similar relationship to happy faces. In contrast, the physical odor n-butanol (a control) did not affect emotional attention (p = 0.49). We then extended this laboratory research and determined whether sensitivity to androstadienone affects the everyday lives of older adults by measuring their social and sexual behavior. In this second study, we surveyed in a nationally representative sample of US older adults living in their homes (National Social Life and Aging Project, 62–90 years; n = 2,086), along with their sensitivity to androstadienone, general olfactory function, health and demographics. Greater sensitivity to androstadienone was associated with richer social lives: having more friends, increased communication with close friends and family, and more participation in organized social events and volunteer activities (all p’s ≤ 0.05, generalized linear models, adjusted for age and gender). It was also associated with more recent sexual activity, more frequent sexual thoughts, and viewing sex as an important part of life (all p’s ≤ 0.05). General olfactory function did not explain these associations, supporting a specialized function for this pheromone during everyday life, and expanding its role to social life as well as sexual behavior, likely mediated by enhanced attention to emotional information.
Plasma protein levels of young healthy pigs as indicators of disease resilience

Abstract Selection for disease resilience, which refers to the ability of an animal to maintain performance when exposed to disease, can reduce the impact of infectious diseases. However, direct selection for disease resilience is challenging because nucleus herds must maintain a high health status. A possible solution is indirect selection of indicators of disease resilience. To search for such indicators, we conducted phenotypic and genetic quantitative analyses of the abundances of 377 proteins in plasma samples from 912 young and visually healthy pigs and their relationships with performance and subsequent disease resilience after natural exposure to a polymicrobial disease challenge. Abundances of 100 proteins were significantly heritable (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.10). The abundance of some proteins was or tended to be genetically correlated (rg) with disease resilience, including complement system proteins (rg = −0.24, FDR = 0.001) and IgG heavy chain proteins (rg = −0.68, FDR = 0.22). Gene set enrichment analyses (FDR < 0.2) based on phenotypic and genetic associations of protein abundances with subsequent disease resilience revealed many pathways related to the immune system that were unfavorably associated with subsequent disease resilience, especially the innate immune system. It was not possible to determine whether the observed levels of these proteins reflected baseline levels in these young and visually healthy pigs or were the result of a response to environmental disturbances that the pigs were exposed to before sample collection. Nevertheless, results show that, under these conditions, the abundance of proteins in some immune-related pathways can be used as phenotypic and genetic predictors of disease resilience and have the potential for use in pig breeding and management.
Low-temperature dissociative recombination of e+H3+

Accurate ab initio calculations of the ground and excited H/sub 3/ potential energy surfaces have been carried out. These surfaces have been examined at geometries appropriate for an analysis of the reaction products of e+H/sup +//sub 3/ dissociative recombination. Direct recombination occurs through the /sup 2/A/sub 1/ resonance state which correlates diabatically to H/sup +//sub 2/+H/sup -/. For low collisional energies, this resonance state is accessible only to H/sup +//sub 3/ ions with at least three quanta of vibrational energy. Indirect dissociative recombination of e+H/sup +//sub 3/, via capture into vibrationally excited Rydberg states of H/sub 3/ also has a very low probability since there are no effective curve crossings with the lower valence states dissociating to H+H+H or H+H/sub 2/. We estimate that the currently accepted values of the e+H/sup +//sub 3/ recombination coefficient for interstellar conditions are two orders of magnitude too large.
Access, referral, service provision and management of individuals with primary progressive aphasia: A survey of speech-language therapists in Italy

Background and Objectives: In Italy, approximately 650 individuals receive a diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) every year. Unfortunately, the frequency with which patients are referred to speech-language services is suboptimal, likely due to skepticism regarding the value of speech-language therapy in the context of neurodegeneration. Materials and Methods: We conducted a virtual survey of speech and language therapists (SLTs) across Italy, to collect information about the assessment, intervention and management of patients with PPA. To ensure that as many SLTs as possible received the survey, the Italian Federation of SLTs (Federazione Logopedisti Italiani, FLI) aided in disseminating the survey. Results: In total, 336 respondents participated in the online survey, 140 of whom had previous experience with PPA patients. Respondents indicated having seen a total of 428 PPA patients in the previous 24 months (three patients on average, range: 0–40). SLTs who reported never working with PPA identified underdiagnoses, low referral rates and the rarity of the clinical syndrome as major reasons for their lack of experience with PPA. SLTs with experience working with PPA indicated that patients may not have accessed services because of service dysfunction and geographical barriers. Respondents reported using informal interviews during assessments and tests developed for post-stroke aphasia, while impairment-based/restitutive interventions were utilised most often. Conclusion: Findings may serve to inform health policy organisations regarding the current shortcomings and needed recommendations for improving the care of individuals with PPA in Italy. Improving awareness of the utility of rehabilitation among SLTs and other clinical service providers may serve to facilitate access to intervention, which in turn will serve to better support individuals living with PPA.
Hypovitaminosis A Drives the Progression of Tubulointerstitial Lupus Nephritis through Potentiating Predisease Cellular Autoreactivity

Abstract Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) is observed in both humans and mice with lupus nephritis. However, whether VAD is a driving factor for accelerated progression of lupus nephritis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of VAD on the progression of lupus nephritis in a lupus-prone mouse model, MRL/lpr. We initiated VAD either during gestation or after weaning to reveal a potential time-dependent effect. We found exacerbated lupus nephritis at ∼15 wk of age with both types of VAD that provoked tubulointerstitial nephritis leading to renal failure. This was concomitant with significantly higher mortality in all VAD mice. Importantly, restoration of VA levels after weaning reversed VAD-induced mortality. These results suggest VAD-driven acceleration of tubulointerstitial lupus nephritis. Mechanistically, at the earlier time point of 7 wk of age and before the onset of clinical lupus nephritis, continued VAD (from gestation until postweaning) enhanced plasma cell activation and augmented their autoantibody production, while also increasing the expansion of T lymphocytes that could promote plasma cell autoreactivity. Moreover, continued VAD increased the renal infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. VAD initiated after weaning, in contrast, showed modest effects on autoantibodies and renal plasmacytoid dendritic cells that were not statistically significant. Remarkably, analysis of gene expression in human kidney revealed that the retinoic acid pathway was decreased in the tubulointerstitial region of lupus nephritis, supporting our findings in MRL/lpr mice. Future studies will elucidate the underlying mechanisms of how VAD modulates cellular functions to exacerbate tubulointerstitial lupus nephritis.
Association of electrocardiographic spatial heterogeneity of repolarization and spatial heterogeneity of atrial depolarization with left ventricular fibrosis

Abstract Aims To evaluate the relationship between spatial heterogeneity of electrocardiographic repolarization and spatial heterogeneity of atrial depolarization with arrhythmic substrate represented by left ventricular fibrosis. Methods and results We assessed the associations of T- and P-wave morphology parameters analysed from the standard 12-lead electrocardiograms with left ventricular fibrosis in 378 victims of unexpected sudden cardiac death (SCD) who underwent medico-legal autopsy. Based on autopsy findings, the SCD victims were categorized into four different groups according to different stages of severity of left ventricular fibrosis (substantial fibrosis, moderate patchy fibrosis, scattered mild fibrosis, no fibrosis). T-wave and P-wave area dispersion (TWAd: 0.0841 ± 0.496, 0.170 ± 0.492, 0.302 ± 404, 0.296 ± 0.476, P = 0.008; PWAd: 0.574 ± 0.384, 0.561 ± 0.367, 0.654 ± 0.281, 0.717 ± 0.257, P = 0.011, respectively; low values abnormal), non-dipolar components of T-wave and P-wave morphology (T_NonDipolarABS: 0.0496 ± 0.0377, 0.0571 ± 0.0487, 0.0432 ± 0.0476, 0.0380 ± 0.0377, P = 0.027; P_NonDipolarABS: 0.0132 ± 0.0164, 0.0130 ± 0.0135, 0.0092 ± 0.0117, 0.0069 ± 0.00472, P = 0.005, respectively, high values abnormal), T-wave morphology dispersion (TMD: 45.9 ± 28.3, 40.5 ± 25.8, 35.5 ± 24.9, 33.0 ± 24.6, P = 0.030, respectively, high values abnormal), and P-wave heterogeneity (PWH: 20.0 ± 9.44, 19.7 ± 8.87, 17.9 ± 9.78, 15.4 ± 4.60, P = 0.019, respectively, high values abnormal) differed significantly between the groups with different stages of left ventricular fibrosis. After adjustment with heart weight, T_NonDipolarABS [standardized β (sβ) = 0.131, P = 0.014], PWAd (sβ = −0.161, P = 0.003), P_NonDipolarABS (sβ = 0.174, P = 0.001), and PWH (sβ = 0.128, P = 0.015) retained independent association, and TWAd (sβ = −0.091, P = 0.074) and TMD (sβ = 0.097, P = 0.063) tended to retain their association with the degree of myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that abnormal values of T- and P-wave morphology are associated with arrhythmic substrate represented by ventricular fibrosis partly explaining the mechanism behind their prognostic significance.