Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Evolved Disk Surrounding the Massive Main-Sequence Star MWC 297?

We present the results of the interferometric observations of the circumstellar disk surrounding MWC 297 in the continuum at 230 GHz (1.3 mm) and in the (J = 2-1) rotational transitions of 12CO,13CO, and C18O using the Submillimeter Array. At a distance of 250 pc, MWC 297 is one of the closest, young massive stars (M* ~ 10 M☉) to us. Compact continuum emission is detected toward MWC 297 from which we estimate a disk mass (gas+dust) of 0.07 M☉ and a disk radius of ≤80 AU. Our result demonstrates that circumstellar disks can survive around massive stars well into their main-sequence phase even after they have become optically visible. Complementing our observations with the data compiled from the literature, we find the submillimeter dust opacity index β to be between 0.1 and 0.3. If the emission is optically thin, the low value of β indicates the presence of relatively large grains in the disk, possibly because of grain growth. We do not detect any CO emission associated with the continuum source. We argue that the 13CO emission from the disk is likely optically thin, in which case we derive an upper limit to the gas mass that implies significant depletion of molecular gas in the disk. The mass of this disk and the evolutionary trends observed are similar to those found for intermediate-mass Herbig Ae stars and low-mass T Tauri stars.
API-Based and Information-Theoretic Metrics for Measuring the Quality of Software Modularization

We present in this paper a new set of metrics that measure the quality of modularization of a non-object-oriented software system. We have proposed a set of design principles to capture the notion of modularity and defined metrics centered around these principles. These metrics characterize the software from a variety of perspectives: structural, architectural, and notions such as the similarity of purpose and commonality of goals. (By structural, we are referring to intermodule coupling-based notions, and by architectural, we mean the horizontal layering of modules in large software systems.) We employ the notion of API (application programming interface) as the basis for our structural metrics. The rest of the metrics we present are in support of those that are based on API. Some of the important support metrics include those that characterize each module on the basis of the similarity of purpose of the services offered by the module. These metrics are based on information-theoretic principles. We tested our metrics on some popular open-source systems and some large legacy-code business applications. To validate the metrics, we compared the results obtained on human-modularized versions of the software (as created by the developers of the software) with those obtained on randomized versions of the code. For randomized versions, the assignment of the individual functions to modules was randomized
The U.S. trade deficit: Made in China?

Rapid growth of the U.S. bilateral trade deficit with China has promoted a widespread view that the overall trade deficit is "made in China. " The authors examine the probable consequences of increased protection directed toward U.S. imports from China. Their appraisal of recent and prospective U.S. trade policy focuses on textiles and apparel—sectors where the growth of imports from China has been prominent. They also consider the likely effects of yuan appreciation on the bilateral and overall trade deficits.
Processing of Non-Stationary Audio Signals

For my grandfathers, both of whom live in worlds very different from everyone else's. Acknowledgements My thanks go to Tanya Reeves and Peter de Rivaz for their patient and enlightening discussions regarding general wavelet theory and denoising. Thanks to Richard Cook for help in wrestling with L A T E X. Credit is also given to the creators of WaveLab, an extensive wavelet package for Matlab. However, I owe the most to my supervisor, Peter Rayner, for his guidance, support, and attention.
Counting giant gravitons in AdS 3

We quantize the set of all quarter Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) brane probe solutions in global ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{T}^{4}/K3$ found in G. Mandal, S. Raju, and M. Smedback, preceding article, Phys. Rev. D 77, 046011 (2008). We show that, generically, these solutions give rise to states in discrete representations of the $SL(2,R)$ Wess-Zumino-Witten model on ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{3}$. Our procedure provides us with a detailed description of the low energy $\frac{1}{4}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ BPS sectors of string theory on this background. The $\frac{1}{4}$ BPS partition function jumps as we move off the point in moduli space where the bulk theta angle and Neveu-Schwarz fields vanish. We show that generic $\frac{1}{2}$ BPS states are protected because they correspond to geodesics rather than puffed up branes. By exactly quantizing the simplest of the probes above, we verify our description of $\frac{1}{4}$ BPS states and find agreement with the known spectrum of $\frac{1}{2}$ BPS states of the boundary theory. We also consider the contribution of these probes to the elliptic genus and discuss puzzles, and their possible resolutions, in reproducing the elliptic genus of the symmetric product.
Frequent itemsets mining using random walks for record insertion and deletion

In Association rules mining, the task of finding frequent itemsets in dynamic database is very important because the updates may not only invalidate some existing rules but also make other rules relevant. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to maintain frequent itemsets of a dynamic database in the case of record insertion as well as deletion simultaneously. Basically, the proposed algorithm maintains not only the support counts of frequent itemsets but also the support counts of prospective frequent itemsets, i.e., infrequent itemsets that promise to be frequent in the future, in an original database. Prospective frequent itemsets, which are obtained by using the principle of Random Walks, can help to reduce a number of times to rescan the original database.
Radar Remote Sensing of a Mixed Deciduous Temperate Forest Results and Perspectives

This paper mainly presents experimental results obtained with different spaceborne and airborne SARs over the Fontainebleau forest, France. Results show that C-band is not suitable either for monitoring the seasonal dynamics of foliage or for estimating forest structural parameters like the standing biomass. As well, X-band is found to be insensitive to biomass variations. In contrast, Land P-bands give interesting results for estimating the biomass of coniferous stands. For deciduous trees, it is suggested to use lower frequencies since P-band does not allow standing biomass to be accurately estimated.
MiR-130a and MiR-374a Function as Novel Regulators of Cisplatin Resistance in Human Ovarian Cancer A2780 Cells

Chemoresistance remains a major obstacle to effective treatment in patients with ovarian cancer, and recently increasing evidences suggest that miRNAs are involved in drug-resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell line and analyzed their possible mechanisms. We profiled miRNAs differentially expressed in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line A2780/DDP compared with parental A2780 cells using microarray. Four abnormally expressed miRNAs were selected (miR-146a,-130a, -374a and miR-182) for further studies. Their expression were verified by qRT-PCR. MiRNA mimics or inhibitor were transfected into A2780 and A2780/DDP cells and then drug sensitivity was analyzed by MTS array. RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to examine the alteration of MDR1, PTEN gene expression. A total of 32 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in A2780/DDP cells. Among them, miR-146a was down-regulated and miR-130a,-374a,-182 were upregulated in A2780/DDP cells, which was verified by RT-PCR. MiR-130a and miR-374a mimics decreased the sensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin, reversely, their inhibitors could resensitize A2780/DDP cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-130a could increase the MDR1 mRNA and P-gp levels in A2780 and A2780/DDP cells, whereas knockdown of miR-130a could inhibit MDR1 gene expression and upregulate the PTEN protein expression . In a conclusion, the deregulation of miR-374a and miR-130a may be involved in the development and regulation of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. This role of miR-130a may be achieved by regulating the MDR1 and PTEN gene expression.
Monopolar pulsar spin - down

A multipole spin-down equation based on a monopolar term is derived from the general expression ˙ = f (; t) and used to study pulsar evolution. We show that the time-independent version of such equation cannot reproduce the observed properties of pulsars and conclude that there is no equation of the form ˙= f () consistent with the P ˙ P diagram and braking index measurements. We explore the time-dependent model under the hypothesis of decaying magnetic fields, showing that an inverse linear decay gives reasonable evolutionary trajectories. This model distinguishes the evolution of Vela from that of the other three young pulsars considered. We discuss the origin of the monopolar term, which cannot be attributed to radiative processes, pointing to the importance of particle acceleration and/or mass loss processes in the dynamical evolution of pulsars.
Verification of memory transactions in AXI protocol using system verilog approach

This paper mainly focuses on verifying the important features of advanced extensible interface (AXI). Verifying the memory transactions of AXI includes the verification of all the five channels write address, write data, write response, read address and read data. In this work a Verification Intellectual Property cores (VIP) based methodology is used to carry out the verification Process. In the VIP design the entire test environment is modeled using system verilog and the read, write transactions from the same and different memory locations has been verified with the quantitative values of Busy Count, Valid Count and its Bus Utilization. Verifying the System connectivity during write and read cycles is also one of the fundamental features verified in this paper.
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, an important group of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke.

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are a group of carcinogens that are present in tobacco and tobacco smoke. They are formed from nicotine and related tobacco alkaloids. Two of the nicotine-derived nitrosamines, NNK and NNN, are strong carcinogens in laboratory animals. They can induce tumors both locally and systemically. The induction of oral cavity tumors by a mixture of NNK and NNN, and the organospecificity of NNK for the lung are particularly noteworthy. The amounts of NNK and NNN in tobacco and tobacco smoke are high enough that their total estimated doses to long-term snuff-dippers or smokers are similar in magnitude to the total doses required to produce cancer in laboratory animals. These exposures thus represent an unacceptable risk to tobacco consumers, and possibly to non-smokers exposed for years to environmental tobacco smoke. The permission of such high levels of carcinogens in consumer products used by millions of people represents a major legislative failure. Indeed, the levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco are thousands of times higher than the amounts of other nitrosamines in consumer products that are regulated by government authorities. Although the role of tobacco-specific nitrosamines as causative factors in tobacco-related human cancers cannot be assessed with certainty because of the complexity of tobacco and tobacco smoke, several lines of evidence strongly indicate that they have a major role, especially in the causation of oral cancer in snuff-dippers. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that snuff-dipping causes oral cancer. NNK and NNN are quantitatively the most prevalent known carcinogens in snuff, and they induce oral tumors when applied to the rat oral cavity. A role for NNK in the induction of lung cancer by tobacco smoke is likely because of its organospecificity for the lung. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines may also be involved in the etiology of tobacco-related cancers of the esophagus, nasal cavity, and pancreas. Because they are derived from nicotine, and therefore should be associated only with tobacco, tobacco smoke and other nicotine-containing products, tobacco-specific nitrosamines as well as their metabolites and macromolecular adducts should be ideal markers for assessing human exposure to, and metabolic activation of, tobacco smoke carcinogens. Ongoing research has demonstrated the formation of globin and DNA adducts of NNK and NNN in experimental animals. Sensitive methods for the detection and quantitation of these adducts in humans would provide an approach to assessing individual risk for tobacco-related cancers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Optimal Bitrate Allocation for High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut Services Deployment Using SHVC

The scalable video coding enables to compress video contents into a hierarchical layered representation, each layer depicts an enhanced version of the underlying layer. SHVC is the scalable extension of HEVC and enables spatial, SNR, color-gamut, codec and bitdepth scalability. It has been proved, in the MPEG investigations prior to the recent Call for Evidence, that SHVC can support SDR-to-HDR scalability by using the color gamut scalability, when SDR and HDR signals are placed in different color gamuts. This way, SHVC can be used to address future backward compatible issues in the HDR and WCG services deployment. In this paper, we exploit the impact of bitrate ratio over performance in scalable schemes to design an adaptive rate control algorithm suitable for such deployment, considering adjustable quality and bandwidth constraints. Our method dynamically adjusts the bitrate ratio between two layers during encoding in the most quality-related optimal way under specified constraints. The proposed method is tested on scalable combinations of HD/UHD, R.709/DCI-P3/R.2020 and SDR/HDR video contents, and reduces the average overhead introduced by SHVC compared to the single-layer HEVC encoding by 23%.
A Time Series Weather Radar Simulator Based on High-Resolution Atmospheric Models

Abstract A three-dimensional radar simulator capable of generating simulated raw time series data for a weather radar has been designed and implemented. The characteristics of the radar signals (amplitude, phase) are derived from the atmospheric fields from a high-resolution numerical weather model, although actual measured fields could be used. A field of thousands of scatterers is populated within the field of view of the virtual radar. Reflectivity characteristics of the targets are determined from well-known parameterization schemes. Doppler characteristics are derived by forcing the discrete scatterers to move with the three-dimensional wind field. Conventional moment-generating radar simulators use atmospheric conditions and a set of weighting functions to produce theoretical moment maps, which allow for the study of radar characteristics and limitations given particular configurations. In contrast to these radar simulators, the algorithm presented here is capable of producing sample-to-sample time .
An Epidemiological Study of Confirmed H 1 N 1 Admitted Cases in an Infectious Disease Hospital , Pune

Background: Pune was at the epicenter of Influenza A (H1N1) epidemic that struck the country during the middle of 2009. Initially all the persons with a positive PCR test for H1N1 were customarily admitted to the infectious disease hospital; but later on the facility for admission of severe category of patients was made available at two other hospitals in Pune city. Objectives: To know the epidemiological features of Influenza A (H1N1) during the initial stages of the epidemic. Method and Materials: All the patients admitted to the infectious disease hospital during June-October 2009 with a confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) PCR test were considered for the study. Statistical analysis: Mean, SD, Inter-quartile Range, Chi-square. Results: Less than 30 years comprised 87.6 percent and students were in majority (63.38 %) out of the total 284 patients studied. The mean duration of illness for H1N1 was 6.8 days (inter-quartile range of 5-8 days). The clinical picture was almost similar in both male and female patients. Co-morbid conditions were observed in 15.8 percent patients. The complication rate in patients with respiratory co-morbid conditions was significantly higher. Initially, the proportion of patients with history of foreign travel was high; later on their proportion decreased to a very low level while an increase in the proportion of patients with history of contact with a known H1N1 patient was observed as the epidemic progressed. Nearly half of the families had not taken Oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis while 35.6 percent patients were administered Oseltamivir within 48 hrs of starting of symptoms. There was no mortality in the patients studied. Conclusions: A study of 284 confirmed cases of Influenza A (H1N1) in Pune city showed epidemiological features of the disease such as age, gender, history of contact, foreign travel, co-morbidity and complication rate and the oseltamivir prophylaxis.
Colored Traveling Salesman Problem and Solution

Abstract Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP) is an important combinatorial optimization problem. However, it is applicable to only the cases in which multiple executing individuals (traveling salesman) share the common workspace (city set). It cannot be used to handle many multi-machine engineering systems where multiple machines' workspaces are not the same and partially overlap with each other This paper proposes and formulates a new MTSP called colored traveling salesman problem (CTSP). Each of its salesmen is assigned a private city set and all salesmen share a public city set. Every set of cities is colored differently. To solve CTSP, we present two improved genetic algorithms (GA) by combining the classic one with a greedy algorithm and hill-climbing one to achieve better performance Finally, the algorithms are applied and compared through a case study. The result shows that the hill-climbing GA enjoys the best performance among the investigated ones.
Organizational Systems and Employee Motivation

Excerpt] Motivation is typically thought of as a within-person phenomenon. Yet the individuals at work are a part of a larger organizational system, and as such, a more complete understanding of employee motivation recognizes the role of organizational-level factors in influencing work motivation. Major organizational practices that influence employee motivation include the evaluation, feedback, involvement, and reward systems. In addition, organizational culture and workplace policies and strategies surrounding job security, development opportunities, and diversity play a role in influencing employee motivation at work. The purpose of this chapter is to examine these organizational influences and address the impact of organizational characteristics and contemporary changes in the nature of work systems that influence employee motivation.
Generating Update Summaries for DUC 2007

Update summaries as defined for the new DUC 2007 task deliver focused information to a user who has already read a set of older documents covering the same topic. In this paper, we show how to generate this kind of summary from the same data structure—fuzzy coreference cluster graphs—as all other generic and focused multi-document summaries. Our system ERSS 2007 implementing this algorithm also participated in the DUC 2007 main task, without any changes from the 2006 version.
Power of Earned Advertising on Social Network Services: A Case Study of Friend Tagging on Facebook

Social network services (SNSs) are now the primary advertisingmedium in terms of both reach and engagement.For both businesses and the SNS providers, it iscrucial to find advertising methods that users perceiveto be valuable. In this paper, we provide an empiricalevidence for the role of different advertising methodson SNSs (i.e. earned vs. paid) on the subjective evaluationof the relative worth of advertising. In particular,we concentrate on the act of ‘friend tagging’ – the conventionof tagging friends in a thread to a brand post –where users inadvertently engage in targeted and personalizedbrand advertising. Through survey analysis,we validate that users find earned advertising less irritatingand more informative, entertaining, and crediblethan paid advertising. We further ask if brands canstrategically craft their content to boost up friend tagging.Using the data collected from Facebook, we analyzewhat drives users to engage in friend tagging andfind that content characteristics such as media attachmentsand posting times affect friend tagging frequency.We conclude that friend tagging is a powerful userinitiatedsolution for matching products with potentialtarget audience.
The Inflammatory and Neuroanatomical Factors Involved in Post-stroke Depression

This cross-sectional study examined neurobiologic correlates of depression in ischemic stroke patients. Depression severity was measured with a standardized scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D). Eighty-two patients (53.1% male, mean (± SD) age 71.9 ± 14.2 years, mean (± SD) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 4.6±4.7, mean (± SD) CES-D score 12.6 ± 10.8) were recruited. A linear regression controlling for age and stroke severity (NIHSS) determined that the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (β= -0.105, p=0.369) was not significantly associated with CES-D (primary hypothesis) (overall model R=0.069, F3,73=1.805, p=0.154). Secondary analyses suggested one instance of cytokines favouring inflammatory states in mild depressive symptomatology; IFN-Ɣ/IL-10 (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.02-4.64, p=0.045). For the most part however, inclusion of cytokines and neuroimaging correlates such as atrophy, lesion location and white matter changes were non-significant. Longitudinal studies are necessary to identify the possible neurobiologic correlates of depressive symptoms post-stroke.
Evaluation of newborn screening for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in 275 000 babies

OBJECTIVE To evaluate newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry for detection of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, a fatty acid oxidation disorder with significant mortality in undiagnosed patients. DESIGN The following were studied: (a) 13 clinically detected MCAD deficient subjects, most homozygous for the common A985G mutation, whose newborn screening sample was available; (b) 275 653 consecutive neonates undergoing routine newborn screening. Screened infants with blood octanoylcarnitine levels ⩾ 1 μmol/l were analysed for the A985G mutation, had analysis of plasma and repeat blood spot acylcarnitines and urinary organic acids, and had fibroblast fatty acid oxidation or acylcarnitine studies. RESULT Twelve of the 13 patients later diagnosed clinically had newborn octanoylcarnitine levels > 2.3 μmol/l. Twenty three screened babies had initial octanoylcarnitine levels ⩾ 1 μmol/l. Eleven of 12 babies with persistent abnormalities had metabolite and/or enzyme studies indicating MCAD deficiency. Only four were homozygous for the A985G mutation, the remainder carrying one copy. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with symptomatic MCAD deficiency could be detected by newborn screening. Infants actually detected had a lower frequency of A985G alleles than clinically diagnosed cases and may have a lower risk of becoming symptomatic.