Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thinking About Work at Home: Implications for Safety at Work

Safety at work is of the utmost importance to employees and the organizations they work for, and as such, it is a central issue for occupational health psychology. Although dramatic decreases in the number of worker injuries and fatalities have been observed over the last several decades, safety remains a principal concern for organizations. This is especially true in occupations in which employees face serious threats to their personal safety, such as correctional officers (COs). While a number of studies have identified workplace factors that contribute to worker safety, few have attempted to draw a link between employee nonwork experiences and safety at work. In the current study, a model was tested to examine whether the relationship between cognitive nonwork recovery experiences and safety performance at work was mediated by safety motivation. Specifically, the effort-recovery model (Meijman & Mulder, 1998) and the concept of self-regulatory resources (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) were utilized to test these relationships. It was hypothesized that psychological detachment during nonwork time can replenish cognitive resources that employees need in order to feel motivated to be focused on safety in the workplace, and negative work reflection can drain these resources. Furthermore, drawing on Broaden-and-Build theory (Fredrickson, 1998) it was posited that positive work reflection during nonwork time would have a positive relationship with safety motivation. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the relationship between these cognitive recovery experiences and safety motivation would be moderated by individual perceptions of safety climate. The hypotheses were examined in a sample of COs (N = 166) from two correctional facilities in Oregon. The results THINKING ABOUT WORK AT HOME: IMPLICATIONS FOR SAFETY ii overall did not provide strong empirical support for the model. No support was found for the role of psychological detachment or negative work reflection. Additionally, perceptions of safety climate did not moderate the relationship between cognitive recovery experiences and safety. However, positive work reflection during nonwork time was significantly associated with safety participation motivation, which in turn had a positive association with safety participation. Additionally analyses revealed that this relationship was reciprocal in nature when utilizing an additional sample four months after data collection, such that safety participation motivation and safety participation predicted positive work reflection. The findings from the current study build on the research between the work-life interface and safety at work, suggesting that positive nonwork experiences can potentially be related to discretional safety performance at work. Implications for practical applications and suggestions for future research are
Structural and Kinetic Analysis of Substrate Binding to the Sialyltransferase Cst-II from Campylobacter jejuni*

Background: The transfer of sialic acids is catalyzed by a set of sialyltransferases with defined specificities. Results: We solved the ternary complex of the sialyltransferase Cst-II and kinetically characterized its mechanism. Conclusion: Our analysis gives insights into the acceptor specificity and proposes the iso-ordered Bi Bi mechanism. Significance: This work improves our understanding of sialyltransferase structure/function. Sialic acids play important roles in various biological processes and typically terminate the oligosaccharide chains on the cell surfaces of a wide range of organisms, including mammals and bacteria. Their attachment is catalyzed by a set of sialyltransferases with defined specificities both for their acceptor sugars and the position of attachment. However, little is known of how this specificity is encoded. The structure of the bifunctional sialyltransferase Cst-II of the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni in complex with CMP and the terminal trisaccharide of its natural acceptor (Neu5Ac-α-2,3-Gal-β-1,3-GalNAc) has been solved at 1.95 Å resolution, and its kinetic mechanism was shown to be iso-ordered Bi Bi, consistent with its dual acceptor substrate specificity. The trisaccharide acceptor is seen to bind to the active site of Cst-II through interactions primarily mediated by Asn-51, Tyr-81, and Arg-129. Kinetic and structural analyses of mutants modified at these positions indicate that these residues are critical for acceptor binding and catalysis, thereby providing significant new insight into the kinetic and catalytic mechanism, and acceptor specificity of this pathogen-encoded bifunctional GT-42 sialyltransferase.
Apical and basolateral transferrin receptors in polarized BeWo cells recycle through separate endosomes

Contrary to most other epithelia, trophoblasts in the human placenta, which form the physical barrier between the fetal and the maternal blood circulation, express high numbers of transferrin receptors on their apical cell surface. This study describes the establishment of a polarized trophoblast-like cell line BeWo, which exhibit a high expression of transferrin receptors on the apex of the cells. Cultured on permeable filter supports, BeWo cells formed a polarized monolayer with microvilli on their apical cell surface. Across the monolayer a transepithelial resistance developed of approximately 600 omega.cm2 within 4 d. Depletion of Ca2+ from the medium decreased the resistance to background levels, showing its dependence on the integrity of tight junctions. Within the same period of time the secretion of proteins became polarized. In addition, the compositions of integral membrane proteins at the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains were distinct as determined by domain-selective iodination. Similar to placental trophoblasts, binding of 125I-labeled transferrin to BeWo monolayers revealed that the transferrin receptor was expressed at both plasma membrane domains. Apical and basolateral transferrin receptors were found in a 1:2 surface ratio and exhibited identical dissociation constants and molecular weights. After uptake, transferrin recycled predominantly to the domain of administration, indicating separate recycling pathways from the apical and basolateral domain. This was confirmed by using diaminobenzidine cytochemistry, a technique by which colocalization of endocytosed 125I-labeled and HRP-conjugated transferrin can be monitored. No mixing of the two types of ligands was observed, when both ligands were simultaneously internalized for 10 or 60 min from opposite domains, demonstrating that BeWo cells possess separate populations of apical and basolateral early endosomes. In conclusion, the trophoblast-like BeWo cell line can serve as a unique model to compare the apical and basolateral endocytic pathways of a single ligand, transferrin, in polarized epithelial cells.
INTESTINAL HELMINTH INFECTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INCIDENCE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN THAILAND

In a prospective study of the total population of 5 hamlets on the western border of Thailand, all subjects were screened for helminth infections; during the following year, the incidence of malaria was recorded. Patients were not treated for helminth infections. Among 731 villagers, helminth-infected subjects were more likely to develop falciparum malaria during the following year (adjusted risk ratio 2.24, range 1.4–3.6; P = 0.001). The risk of developing falciparum malaria increased with the number of helminth species (P =0.036). Whereas in other studies helminths were associated with protection from severe complications of malaria, it seemed here that helminth-infected patients were more likely to develop malaria. It is suggested that a helminth-mediated Th2 shift may have complex consequences on malaria, decreasing antisporozoite immunity, but protecting against severe malaria.
Magic Home: exploiting the duality between the physical and the virtual worlds

In this paper, we present a concept prototype, called Magic Home, which illustrates what the shopping experience will be like in the new world of the hybrid reality -- a seamless integration of the physical and the virtual worlds. We introduce the concept of buyer context, and demonstrate that, by exploiting the portability and manipulablity of the virtual world and, at the same time, preserving the immediateness of the physical world, we can bridge the context gaps in shopping and, as a result, achieve a new level of shopping experience.
Very Large Excesses of 18O in Hydrogen-deficient Carbon and R Coronae Borealis Stars: Evidence for White Dwarf Mergers

We have found that at least seven hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) and R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars, have 16O/18O ratios close to and in some cases less than unity, values that are orders of magnitude lower than measured in other stars (the solar value is 500). Greatly enhanced 18O is evident in every HdC and RCB we have measured that is cool enough to have detectable CO bands. The three HdC stars measured have 16O/18O < 1, lower values than any of the RCB stars. These discoveries are important clues in determining the evolutionary pathways of HdC and RCB stars, for which two models have been proposed: the double degenerate (white dwarf [WD] merger) and the final helium-shell flash (FF). No overproduction of 18O is expected in the FF scenario. We have quantitatively explored the idea that HdC and RCB stars originate in the mergers of CO- and He-WDs. The merger process is estimated to take only a few days, with accretion rates of 150 M☉ yr-1 producing temperatures at the base of the accreted envelope of (1.2-1.9) × 108 K. Analysis of a simplified one-zone calculation shows that nucleosynthesis in the dynamically accreting material may provide a suitable environment for a significant production of 18O, leading to very low values of 16O/18O, similar to those observed. We also find qualitative agreement with observed values of 12C/ 13C and with the CNO elemental ratios. H-admixture during the accretion process from the small H-rich C/O WD envelope may play an important role in producing the observed abundances. Overall, our analysis shows that WD mergers may very well be the progenitors of O18-rich RCB and HdC stars, and that more detailed simulations and modeling are justified.
The Vestibular Implant Input Interacts with Residual Natural Function

Objective Patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) can still have residual “natural” function. This might interact with “artificial” vestibular implant input (VI-input). When fluctuating, it could lead to vertigo attacks. Main objective was to investigate how “artificial” VI-input is integrated with residual “natural” input by the central vestibular system. This, to explore (1) whether misalignment in the response of “artificial” VI-input is sufficiently counteracted by well-aligned residual “natural” input and (2) whether “artificial” VI-input is able to influence and counteract the response to residual “natural” input, to show feasibility of a “vestibular pacemaker. ” Materials and methods Five vestibular electrodes in four BV patients implanted with a VI were available. This involved electrodes with a predominantly horizontal response and electrodes with a predominantly vertical response. Responses to predominantly horizontal residual “natural” input and predominantly horizontal and vertical “artificial” VI-input were separately measured first. Then, inputs were combined in conditions where both would hypothetically collaborate or counteract. In each condition, subjects were subjected to 60 cycles of sinusoidal stimulation presented at 1 Hz. Gain, asymmetry, phase and angle of eye responses were calculated. Signal averaging was performed. Results Combining residual “natural” input and “artificial” VI-input resulted in an interaction in which characteristics of the resulting eye movement responses could significantly differ from those observed when responses were measured for each input separately (p < 0.0013). In the total eye response, inputs with a stronger vector magnitude seemed to have stronger weights than inputs with a lower vector magnitude, in a non-linear combination. Misalignment in the response of “artificial” VI-input was not sufficiently counteracted by well-aligned residual “natural” input. “Artificial” VI-input was able to significantly influence and counteract the response to residual “natural” input. Conclusion In the acute phase of VI-activation, residual “natural” input and “artificial” VI-input interact to generate eye movement responses in a non-linear fashion. This implies that different stimulation paradigms and more complex signal processing strategies will be required unless the brain is able to optimally combine both sources of information after adaptation during chronic use. Next to this, these findings could pave the way for using the VI as “vestibular pacemaker. ”
Hydraulic Jump Dynamics for Water Jet Impingement on Vertically Oriented Rotating Surfaces

approved: _____________________________________________________________________ Willie E. "Skip" Rochefort Silicon wafer cleaning is a ubiquitous unit operation in the semiconductor industry to remove excess material or nanoparticle impurities to obtain perfectly smooth and clean wafer surfaces. Extensive research has already been completed to understand the physics behind hydraulic jumps observed due to balance of forces when a coherent Newtonian or non-Newtonian jet impinges on a horizontal flat surface. With a need to clean surfaces that are vertically oriented such as industrial tanks and microelectronics processing equipment requiring a smaller “footprint”, researchers have shifted attention towards understanding the physics behind hydraulics jumps (in some literature, also called the ‘film jumps’) when a coherent horizontal jet impinges on a vertical flat surface. With participating forces like gravity, momentum and surface tension anticipated to play a role in defining the shape and size of such hydraulic jumps, the current work attempts to include the role of centrifugal force to understand the phenomenological dynamics of the hydraulic jump at different rotational speeds. Silicon wafers of varying surface characteristics, as determined from contact angle measurements, were studied and a summary of these observations will be presented. A phase diagram relating the Strouhal number (a function of rotational frequency) to the impinging jet Reynolds number has been developed to indicate regions where the hydraulic jump disappears.
Statistical potential‐based amino acid similarity matrices for aligning distantly related protein sequences

Aligning distantly related protein sequences is a long‐standing problem in bioinformatics, and a key for successful protein structure prediction. Its importance is increasing recently in the context of structural genomics projects because more and more experimentally solved structures are available as templates for protein structure modeling. Toward this end, recent structure prediction methods employ profile–profile alignments, and various ways of aligning two profiles have been developed. More fundamentally, a better amino acid similarity matrix can improve a profile itself; thereby resulting in more accurate profile–profile alignments. Here we have developed novel amino acid similarity matrices from knowledge‐based amino acid contact potentials. Contact potentials are used because the contact propensity to the other amino acids would be one of the most conserved features of each position of a protein structure. The derived amino acid similarity matrices are tested on benchmark alignments at three different levels, namely, the family, the superfamily, and the fold level. Compared to BLOSUM45 and the other existing matrices, the contact potential‐based matrices perform comparably in the family level alignments, but clearly outperform in the fold level alignments. The contact potential‐based matrices perform even better when suboptimal alignments are considered. Comparing the matrices themselves with each other revealed that the contact potential‐based matrices are very different from BLOSUM45 and the other matrices, indicating that they are located in a different basin in the amino acid similarity matrix space. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding graphs and the average-case analysis of algorithms for matchings and related problems

Hall's Theorem states that a bipartite graph has a perfect matching if and only if every set of vertices has an equal number of neighbours. Equivalently, it states that every non-maximum matching has an augmenting path if the graph is an expander with expansion 1. We use this insight to demonstrate that if a graph is an expander with expansion more than one than every non-maximum matching has a short augmenting path and, therefore, the bipartite matching algorithm performs much better on such graphs than in the worst case. We then apply this idea to the average case analysis of various augmenting path algorithms and to the approximation of the permanent. In particular, we demonstrate that the following algorithms perform much better on the average than in the worst case. In fact, they will rarely exhibit their worst-case running times.Hopcroft-Karp's algorithm for bipartite matchings. Micali-Vazirani's and Even-Kariv's algorithms for non-bipartite matchings. Gabow-Tarjan's parallel algorithm for bipartite matchings. Dinic's algorithm for k-factors and 0-1 network flows. Jerrum-Sinclair's approximation scheme for the permanent. It seems rather surprising that the algorithms which are the fastest known for worst-case inputs also do exceedingly on almost every graph.
Computer aided prognosis for cell death categorization and prediction in vivo using quantitative ultrasound and machine learning techniques.

PURPOSE At present, a one-size-fits-all approach is typically used for cancer therapy in patients. This is mainly because there is no current imaging-based clinical standard for the early assessment and monitoring of cancer treatment response. Here, the authors have developed, for the first time, a complete computer-aided-prognosis (CAP) system based on multiparametric quantitative ultrasound (QUS) spectroscopy methods in association with texture descriptors and advanced machine learning techniques. This system was used to noninvasively categorize and predict cell death levels in fibrosarcoma mouse tumors treated using ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles as novel endothelial-cell radiosensitizers. METHODS Sarcoma xenograft tumor-bearing mice were treated using ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles, alone or in combination with x-ray radiation therapy, as a new antivascular treatment. Therapy effects were assessed at 2-3, 24, and 72 h after treatment using a high-frequency ultrasound. Two-dimensional spectral parametric maps were generated using the power spectra of the raw radiofrequency echo signal. Subsequently, the distances between "pretreatment" and "post-treatment" scans were computed as an indication of treatment efficacy, using a kernel-based metric on textural features extracted from 2D parametric maps. A supervised learning paradigm was used to either categorize cell death levels as low, medium, or high using a classifier, or to "continuously" predict the levels of cell death using a regressor. RESULTS The developed CAP system performed at a high level for the classification of cell death levels. The area under curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.87 for the classification of cell death levels to both low/medium and medium/high levels. Moreover, the prediction of cell death levels using the proposed CAP system achieved a good correlation (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) with histological cell death levels as the ground truth. A statistical test of significance between individual treatment groups with the corresponding control group demonstrated that the predicted levels indicated the same significant changes in cell death as those indicated by the ground-truth levels. CONCLUSIONS The technology developed in this study addresses a gap in the current standard of care by introducing a quality control step that generates potentially actionable metrics needed to enhance treatment decision-making. The study establishes a noninvasive framework for quantifying levels of cancer treatment response developed preclinically in tumors using QUS imaging in conjunction with machine learning techniques. The framework can potentially facilitate the detection of refractory responses in patients to a certain cancer treatment early on in the course of therapy to enable switching to more efficacious treatments.
Multi-relational factorizations for cancer subclassification

We introduce a novel multi-relational learning algorithm based on simultaneous nonnegative matrix factorizations, able to distinguish between “target” and “background” relations, deal with incomplete data and so-called “link” functions. The ability to handle incomplete data allows us to tackle both relation prediction and clustering. Moreover, the nonnegativity constraints are essential for the interpretability of the resulting clusters. We apply our approach to a large breast cancer dataset for which we find 5 subclasses that agree very well with the known subclassification of this disease, while emphasizing the main biological processes and genes involved in the corresponding subtypes.
Domain adaptation for robust automatic speech recognition in car environments

A major obstacle for the migration of automatic speech recognition into every-day life products is environmental robustness. Automatic speech recognition systems work reasonably well under clean (laboratory) conditions but degrade seriously under real world conditions (e.g. out-door, car). A lot of research work is devoted to increase the environmental robustness of automatic speech recognition systems. A common method is to use clean (office) data as a starting point and simulate the degraded environmental situation by additive artificial (e.g. Gaussian) or recorded noise from the real environment [1]. We study the validity of such additive noise experiments with regard to a real noisy environment. With regard to a previously published work on database adaptation we also examine the possible benefit when using models trained in the simulated environment as a starting point for adaptation ([2]). We present experimental results on data recorded for task-dependent whole word and phoneme modeling in the car environment on data from the the MoTiV Car Speech Data Collection (CSDC) [3].