Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey of wormhole routing techniques in direct networks

Several research contributions and commercial ventures related to wormhole routing, a switching technique used in direct networks, are discussed. The properties of direct networks are reviewed, and the operation and characteristics of wormhole routing are discussed in detail. By its nature, wormhole routing is particularly susceptible to deadlock situations, in which two or more packets may block one another indefinitely. Several approaches to deadlock-free. routing, along with a technique that allows multiple virtual channels to share the same physical channel, are described. In addition, several open issues related to wormhole routing are discussed. <<ETX>>
Bättre framtidsutsikter? Blandade bostadsområden och grannskapseffekter : En analys av visioner och effekter av blandat boende

Internationally, the effect of social composition in urban neighbourhoods on individuals’ life opportunities has been given increased attention both by researchers and policymakers. Socially mixed neighbourhoods have been seen by policymakers as a measure to create better prerequisites for social upward movement and increased social integration. The international debate on neighbourhood effects has mainly focused on the impact of concentrated poverty, but there is a growing body of literature that has also addressed the question of social mix policies. However, in the Swedish context the research on social mix policies and neighbourhood effects are still quiet limited. Hence, there is a call for research on the effects of the Swedish social mix policy. The purpose of the present thesis was to analyse the policy aim and the implementation of such policy, and to analyse the effects of socially and physically mixed environments. Can socially and physically mixed environments create better opportunities for youth and young adults? To analyse the effects of the neighbourhood environment on individuals’ socioeconomic careers, advanced multilevel analysis methods has been used. These methods offer advantages for analysing neighbourhood effects, which the ordinary regression model can’t provide, as it can separate effects belonging to different contexts. The internationally research on social mix policy has shown mixed results. For this reason there has been widespread debate among researchers on the effects of socially mixed environments. This thesis shows that although the effects are limited, the neighbourhood environments have a significant effect on individuals’ future prospects. Individuals who have spent their childhood in socially and physically mixed environments, in general, perform better in school, have a greater probability of enrol in higher education, a lower probability of being unemployed and better income development than individuals who have been brought up in resource-poor areas. The study also shows that the neighbourhood environments as well as mixed neighbourhoods have differential effects for different groups.
Site-Specific Reactivity of Nonenzymatic Lysine Acetylation

Protein acetylation of lysine ε-amino groups is abundant in cells, particularly within mitochondria. The contribution of enzyme-catalyzed and nonenzymatic acetylation in mitochondria remains unresolved. Here, we utilize a newly developed approach to measure site-specific, nonenzymatic acetylation rates for 90 sites in eight native purified proteins. Lysine reactivity (as second-order rate constants) with acetyl-phosphate and acetyl-CoA ranged over 3 orders of magnitude, and higher chemical reactivity tracked with likelihood of dynamic modification in vivo, providing evidence that enzyme-catalyzed acylation might not be necessary to explain the prevalence of acetylation in mitochondria. Structural analysis revealed that many highly reactive sites exist within clusters of basic residues, whereas lysines that show low reactivity are engaged in strong attractive electrostatic interactions with acidic residues. Lysine clusters are predicted to be high-affinity substrates of mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 both in vitro and in vivo. Our analysis describing rate determination of lysine acetylation is directly applicable to investigate targeted and proteome-wide acetylation, whether or not the reaction is enzyme catalyzed.
Open robotics research using web-based knowledge services

In this paper we discuss how the combination of modern technologies in “big data” storage and management, knowledge representation and processing, cloud-based computation, and web technology can help the robotics community to establish and strengthen an open research discipline. We describe how we made the demonstrator of a EU project review openly available to the research community. Specifically, we recorded episodic memories with rich semantic annotations during a pizza preparation experiment in autonomous robot manipulation. Afterwards, we released them as an open knowledge base using the cloud- and web-based robot knowledge service OPENEASE. We discuss several ways on how this open data can be used to validate our experimental reports and to tackle novel challenging research problems.
Characterization of a Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza A Virus Isolated from Duck Meat

ABSTRACT Since the 1997 H5N1 influenza virus outbreak in humans and poultry in Hong Kong, the emergence of closely related viruses in poultry has raised concerns that additional zoonotic transmissions of influenza viruses from poultry to humans may occur. In May 2001, an avian H5N1 influenza A virus was isolated from duck meat that had been imported to South Korea from China. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of A/Duck/Anyang/AVL-1/01 showed that the virus clustered with the H5 Goose/Guandong/1/96 lineage and 1997 Hong Kong human isolates and possessed an HA cleavage site sequence identical to these isolates. Following intravenous or intranasal inoculation, this virus was highly pathogenic and replicated to high titers in chickens. The pathogenesis of DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 virus in Pekin ducks was further characterized and compared with a recent H5N1 isolate, A/Chicken/Hong Kong/317.5/01, and an H5N1 1997 chicken isolate, A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/97. Although no clinical signs of disease were observed in H5N1 virus-inoculated ducks, infectious virus could be detected in lung tissue, cloacal, and oropharyngeal swabs. The DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 virus was unique among the H5N1 isolates in that infectious virus and viral antigen could also be detected in muscle and brain tissue of ducks. The pathogenesis of DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 virus was characterized in BALB/c mice and compared with the other H5N1 isolates. All viruses replicated in mice, but in contrast to the highly lethal CK/HK/220/97 virus, DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 and CK/HK/317.5/01 viruses remained localized to the respiratory tract. DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 virus caused weight loss and resulted in 22 to 33% mortality, whereas CK/HK/317.5/01-infected mice exhibited no morbidity or mortality. The isolation of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus from poultry indicates that such viruses are still circulating in China and may present a risk for transmission of the virus to humans.
Molecular cloning of a house dust mite allergen with common antibody binding specificities with multiple components in mite extracts

Plaque radio‐immuno assay has been used to isolate an FgE‐binding clone from a lambda gt11 library of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus cDNA, The clone HD6 contained DNA encoding a 215 residue protein which contained a predicted 17 amino acid residue leader sequence, no cysteines and a single W‐glycosylation site. The 198 residue mature protein would have a predicted MW of 22 177 D. No homologues were found in searches of the data banks. Sera from 14/38 allergic children reacted strongly with the polypeptide produced by the clone (37%). Skin tests showed reactivity in 16/30 (53%) allergic patients and 0/10 of controls. Affinity purification of rabbit antibodies with the clone showed that antibodies to the polypeptide had specificities to multiple products in mite extracts corresponding to components of Mr 29, 27 and 24 K by Western blotting. Absorption studies of IgE in allergic serum indicated further entities at 13 and 11.5 kD, It is proposed to name this allergen Der p VII.
A dynamic reconfigurable RF circuit architecture

This paper proposes a dynamic reconfigurable architecture for analog RF circuits. The architecture consists of RF circuits and a control circuit. The RF circuits can be reconfigured by bias voltages of transistors and variable passive components, and the RF circuit block can also be switched dynamically. The proposed architecture can realize the multi-band/mode RF circuit in single chip for the software defined radio, which achieves considerable reduction of circuit area and power consumption. On the other hand, we can obtain robust RF circuits by the dynamic reconfiguration for the process variation, the dynamic change of temperature, etc.
Care-O-bot 3 — Rationale for human-robot interaction design

This paper presents the design rationale for a new service robot, Care-O-bot 3 that is meant to operate as a companion robot in people’s homes. Note, the emphasis in the paper is on the design of a companion robot as a product, not as a research prototype. The design is motivated from a multi-disciplinary viewpoint and compared to other approaches in the field which often focus on a humanoid appearance. In this paper we put forward an abstract design with iconic features. We argue that such a more ‘technomorphic’ design may be appealing to a potentially large user group. Potential target user groups of the robot are identified. The realization of such a design, including details on the robots mobile base and torso, manipulator, sensors, and remote interfaces are presented in the paper.
Isokinetic knee extension and vertical jumping: Are they related?

The aim of this study was to examine joint power generation during a concentric knee extension isokinetic test and a squat vertical jump. The isokinetic test joint power was calculated using four different methods. Five participants performed concentric knee extensions at 0.52, 1.57, 3.14 and 5.23 rad · s−1 on a Lido isokinetic dynamometer. The squat vertical jump was performed on a Kistler force plate. Kinematic data from both tests were collected and analysed using an ELITE optoelectronic system. An inverse dynamics model was applied to measure knee joint moment in the vertical jump. Knee angular position data from the kinematic analysis in the isokinetic test were used to derive the actual knee angular velocity and acceleration, which, in turn, was used to correct the dynamometer moment for inertial effects. Power was measured as the product of angular velocity and moment at the knee joint in both tests. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between mean ( ± s) peak knee joint power in the two tests (squat vertical jump: 2255 ± 434W; isokinetic knee extension: 771 ± 81W). Correlation analysis revealed that there is no relationship between the peak knee joint power during the vertical jump and the slow velocity isokinetic tests. Higher isokinetic velocity tests show better relationships with the vertical jump but only if the correct method for joint power calculation is used in the isokinetic test. These findings suggest that there are important differences in muscle activation and knee joint power development that must be taken into consideration when isokinetic tests are used to predict jumping performance.
Mapping ER Schemas to OWL Ontologies

As the Semantic Web initiative gains momentum, a fundamental problem of integrating existing data-intensive WWW applications into the Semantic Web emerges. In order for today’s relational database supported Web applications to transparently participate in the Semantic Web, their associated database schemas need to be converted into semantically equivalent ontologies. In this paper we present a solution to an important special case of the automatic mapping problem with wide applicability: mapping well-formed Entity-Relationship (ER) schemas to semantically equivalent OWL Lite ontologies. We present a set of mapping rules that fully capture the ER schema semantics, along with an overview of an implementation of the complete mapping algorithm integrated into the current SFSU ER Design Tools software.
On the Performance of TDD Massive MIMO Systems with Pilot Contamination

The pilot contamination problem is one of the major obstacles that limit the performance of time-division duplex (TDD) multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Pilot contamination results from the re-use of the same set of pilot sequences in the different cells of the system. In this paper, we compare between two different scenarios of pilot signals allocation with respect to the impact of pilot contamination. We derive lower bounds on the achievable rates and study the performance of both scenarios under different system settings. Our results show that although increasing the number of base station (BS) antennas improves the system performance, it does not eliminate the effect of pilot contamination. Thus, when the pilot contamination is high, it should be countered by allocating more system resources for the training phase. This can be achieved by increasing the number of pilot sequences to guarantee an orthogonal pilot sequence for each user in the system. Further, we show that the pilot sequences allocation strategy also depends on the characteristics of the communication environment: a low mobility environment has better performance when orthogonal sequences are allocated to all users while the opposite is true for a high mobility environment.
Learning Trajectories of Primary Student Teachers; a Cross-Cultural Comparison

Life history methodology was used to compare the life and educational trajectories of six primary student teachers in England with their counterparts at a Malawian Teacher Training College. A semi structured interview schedule was used to elicit the students’ childhood memories including experiences of school, significant people in their lives, interactions with their teachers and influential factors in deciding to enter teaching. Students were also asked to expand their philosophy and purpose of education, to consider their immediate needs as newly qualified classroom practitioners and predict their career trajectory over a 20 year period. The cross-cultural analysis reveals causal biographical and socio-cultural factors combining to influence students’ intentions to pursue teaching as a career. Teacher identity and notions of educational purpose revealed altruistic desires to teach, influenced by significant others in students’ personal lives; educational narratives and the socio- political contexts of the respective societies. Choices made by the English students reflected the individualistic nature of British society whereas their Malawian counterparts were driven by a desire to improve children’s education as a means of improving their country. In all cases the English students saw themselves remaining in primary education, in comparison all the Malawi students saw this as a stepping stone to a higher status role. This reflects the perceived low status that primary teaching has in Malawi and suggests that to improve education in Malawi a major priority should be to raise the status of primary teachers.
A 27% Active-Power-Reduced 40-nm CMOS Multimedia SoC With Adaptive Voltage Scaling Using Distributed Universal Delay Lines

AVS technique for extremely scaled SoCs has been developed. To reduce design cost, we have developed a supply voltage control scheme employing universal delay line (UDL), rather than a replica delay line, for monitoring the critical path delay (TCRIT). The UDL can be used in any product without any need for customizing. In addition, averaging the results of distributed 4 monitors with a pitch of 3 mm in a chip can reduce errors due to within-die variation by half. With these techniques, proposed scheme produces equivalent or less error to TCRIT than does a conventional scheme that uses a single critical path replica as a delay monitor, even with simple monitor design. We have shown that 40-nm CMOS SoCs using our AVS can reduce active power by 27%.
Analysis of OpenCL Work-Group Reduce for Intel GPUs

As hardware becomes more flexible in terms ofprogramming, software APIs must expose hardware features ina portable way. Additions in the OpenCL 2.0 API expose threadcommunication through the newly defined work-group functions. In this paper we focus on two implementations of the work-groupfunctions in the OpenCL compiler backend for Intel's GPUs. Wefirst describe the particularities of Intel's GEN GPU architectureand the Beignet OpenCL open source project. Both work-groupimplementations are then detailed, one based on thread to threadmessage passing while the other on thread to shared local memoryread/write. The focus is around choosing an optimal variant basedon how each implementation maps to the hardware and its impacton performance.
Rhythmic intentions or rhythmic consequences? Cross-language observations of casual speech

Recordings of careful readings and unscripted monologues in Swedish and Spanish were auditorily and acoustically analyzed to test the hypothesis that temporal equalization of syllable-sized units typically occurs in casual as opposed to elaborated speaking styles. Results indicated 1) that durations and standard deviations appearing in unscripted Swedish tended to resemble those in Spanish, 2) that durational differences between unstressed and stressed units in unscripted Swedish were smaller than those observed in Swedish careful reading, and 3) that, in both languages and speaking conditions, timing of syllable-sized units was partly determined by their size. Timing was, thus, significantly affected by alterations in speaking style. This suggests that rhythmic patterns associated with stress- and syllable-timing may arise as consequences of more primary phonetic intentions rather than themselves representing such intentions.
The aetiologies of unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy: a clinical analysis on 121 patients

Abstract Background and purpose: To strengthen the understanding, increase the early diagnostic rate, and improve the outcome of unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy through the analysis of the 121 patients suffering from this disease in our hospital. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on the 121 patients with unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy diagnosed at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from October 2014 to October 2015. The clinical data, such as gender, age, aetiology, clinical features, laboratory tests, and six months follow up reports were analyzed. Results: The main causes identified in the 121 patients with unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy were intracranial aneurysm (29.8%), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (26.5%), painful ophthalmoplegia (9.9%), and other causes (33.9%). The results from the six month follow up showed that in all the patients, 53.7% were fully recovered, 38.0% improved, and 8.3% had no significant change in symptoms. The results also indicated that the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had the best outcome with 71.9% full recovery rate, which was significantly higher than that in the patients with intracranial aneurysm (36.1%, p < .05), and idiopathic causes (44.5%, p < .05). Conclusions: Our data indicates that intracranial aneurysm is the leading cause of unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy, and that diabetic peripheral neuropathy has better outcome. Understanding the common causes and clinical features of unilateral oculomotor nerve paralysis is helpful for its early diagnosis and treatment.
In All Likelihood, Deep Belief Is Not Enough

Statistical models of natural images provide an important tool for researchers in the fields of machine learning and computational neuroscience. The canonical measure to quantitatively assess and compare the performance of statistical models is given by the likelihood. One class of statistical models which has recently gained increasing popularity and has been applied to a variety of complex data is formed by deep belief networks. Analyses of these models, however, have often been limited to qualitative analyses based on samples due to the computationally intractable nature of their likelihood. Motivated by these circumstances, the present article introduces a consistent estimator for the likelihood of deep belief networks which is computationally tractable and simple to apply in practice. Using this estimator, we quantitatively investigate a deep belief network for natural image patches and compare its performance to the performance of other models for natural image patches. We find that the deep belief network is outperformed with respect to the likelihood even by very simple mixture models.
Hydrodynamic stability of swimming in ostraciid fishes: role of the carapace in the smooth trunkfish Lactophrys triqueter (Teleostei: Ostraciidae)

SUMMARY The hydrodynamic bases for the stability of locomotory motions in fishes are poorly understood, even for those fishes, such as the rigid-bodied smooth trunkfish Lactophrys triqueter, that exhibit unusually small amplitude recoil movements during rectilinear swimming. We have studied the role played by the bony carapace of the smooth trunkfish in generating trimming forces that self-correct for instabilities. The flow patterns, forces and moments on and around anatomically exact, smooth trunkfish models positioned at both pitching and yawing angles of attack were investigated using three methods: digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV), pressure distribution measurements, and force balance measurements. Models positioned at various pitching angles of attack within a flow tunnel produced well-developed counter-rotating vortices along the ventro-lateral keels. The vortices developed first at the anterior edges of the ventro-lateral keels, grew posteriorly along the carapace, and reached maximum circulation at the posterior edge of the carapace. The vortical flow increased in strength as pitching angles of attack deviated from 0°, and was located above the keels at positive angles of attack and below them at negative angles of attack. Variation of yawing angles of attack resulted in prominent dorsal and ventral vortices developing at far-field locations of the carapace; far-field vortices intensified posteriorly and as angles of attack deviated from 0°. Pressure distribution results were consistent with the DPIV findings, with areas of low pressure correlating well with regions of attached, concentrated vorticity. Lift coefficients of boxfish models were similar to lift coefficients of delta wings, devices that also generate lift through vortex generation. Furthermore, nose-down and nose-up pitching moments about the center of mass were detected at positive and negative pitching angles of attack, respectively. The three complementary experimental approaches all indicate that the carapace of the smooth trunkfish effectively generates self-correcting forces for pitching and yawing motions — a characteristic that is advantageous for the highly variable velocity fields experienced by trunkfish in their complex aquatic environment. All important morphological features of the carapace contribute to producing the hydrodynamic stability of swimming trajectories in this species.