Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New (n, n) Blockcipher Hash Function: Apposite for Short Messages

In this paper, a new (n, n) double block length hash function has been introduced where collision and preimage security bound is respectively O (2tn) and O (22tn). The strategic point of this scheme is able to handle short message tn (t <; 1) bit, which is very significant issue for RFID tag security. It is known that the RFID tag needs to proceed short message but MDC-2, MDC-4, MJH are not properly suitable for meeting this criteria due to their constructions where these schemes can handle message size n bit (n = 128). Additionally the security bound of the proposed scheme is better than existing other (n, n) blockcipher schemes such as MDC-2, MDC-4, MJH and as well as obtaining higher efficient rate.
A population-based, steady-state procedure for real-parameter optimization

Despite the existence of a number of procedures for real-parameter optimization using evolutionary algorithms, there is still a need of a systematic and unbiased comparison of different approaches on a carefully chosen set of test problems. In this paper, we develop a steady-state, population-based optimization algorithm which allows the main search principles to be independently designed. The algorithm so developed is applied to a set of 25 test problems and results on 10 and 30 dimensions are presented. Although the proposed procedure cannot find the exact optimum within the specified number of function evaluations, in most problems, the algorithm shows steady progress towards the optimum. Moreover, it is also observed that the performance of the algorithm does not get affected by the rotation of the functions, discontinuity and embedded noise in function description
A bacterial encoded protein induces extreme multinucleation and cell-cell internalization in intestinal cells

Despite extensive study, the molecular mechanisms that lead to multinucleation and cell enlargement (hypertrophy) remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a single bacterial virulence protein, EspF, from the human pathogen enteropathogenic E. coli induces extreme multi-nucleation in small intestinal epithelial cells. Ectopic expression of EspF induced cell-cell internalization events, presumably responsible for the enlarged multinucleated cells. These extreme phenotypes were dependent on a C-terminal polyproline-rich domain in EspF and not linked to the targeting of mitochondria or the nucleolus. The subversive functions of EspF may provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms that mediate cell fusion, multinucleation and cell hypertrophy.
Metrics for Evaluating Feature-Based Mapping Performance

In robotic mapping and simultaneous localization and mapping, the ability to assess the quality of estimated maps is crucial. While concepts exist for quantifying the error in the estimated trajectory of a robot, or a subset of the estimated feature locations, the difference between all current estimated and ground-truth features is rarely considered jointly. In contrast to many current methods, this paper analyzes metrics, which automatically evaluate maps based on their joint detection and description uncertainty. In the tracking literature, the optimal subpattern assignment (OSPA) metric provided a solution to the problem of assessing target tracking algorithms and has recently been applied to the assessment of robotic maps. Despite its advantages over other metrics, the OSPA metric can saturate to a limiting value irrespective of the cardinality errors and it penalizes missed detections and false alarms in an unequal manner. This paper therefore introduces the cardinalized optimal linear assignment (COLA) metric, as a complement to the OSPA metric, for feature map evaluation. Their combination is shown to provide a robust solution for the evaluation of map estimation errors in an intuitive manner.
Hardware Architecture for Modified Sequential LDPC Decoder

Iterative decoding of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes using the Parity Likelihood Ratio (PLR) algorithm have been proved to be more efficient compared to conventional Sum Product Algorithm (SPA). However, the nature of PLR algorithm tends to put numerious pieces of data to this decoder and perform computation intensive operations, which is a major challenge for building a practical real-time LDPC decoder. In this paper, it makes use of extrinsic information clipping and calculation step merging techniques to simplify the decoding algorithm. These approaches reduce the number of quantization levels while still remaining the algorithmic performance promised by random codes. Moreover, a modified sequential architecture is proposed for LDPC decoding that decreases the decoding latency and reduces the memory storage compared to existing direct sequential design. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture results in time and memory savings of up to 92.26% and 59.56% respectively over conventional direct sequential implementation. Key-Words: LDPC codes, sequential architecture, VLSI implementation, PLR algorithm
Conditional Prior Proposals in Dynamic Models

ABSTRACT. Dynamic models extend state space models to non‐normal observations. This paper suggests a specific hybrid Metropolis–Hastings algorithm as a simple device for Bayesian inference via Markov chain Monte Carlo in dynamic models. Hastings proposals from the (conditional) prior distribution of the unknown, time‐varying parameters are used to update the corresponding full conditional distributions. It is shown through simulated examples that the methodology has optimal performance in situations where the prior is relatively strong compared to the likelihood. Typical examples include smoothing priors for categorical data. A specific blocking strategy is proposed to ensure good mixing and convergence properties of the simulated Markov chain. It is also shown that the methodology is easily extended to robust transition models using mixtures of normals. The applicability is illustrated with an analysis of a binomial and a binary time series, known in the literature.
Major open problems in chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics

Nowadays, chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics lack research focuses. Here we mention a few major open problems: 1. an effective description of chaos and turbulence, 2. rough dependence on initial data, 3. arrow of time, 4. the paradox of enrichment, 5. the paradox of pesticides, 6. the paradox of plankton.
Pairing-Based Dynamic Threshold Secret Sharing Scheme

In this paper, we propose the PBDT, a novel secret sharing scheme which outperforms current constructions in the distributed wireless network environment. In our scheme, each participant selects his secret share respectively without negotiating with a central node. One secret share can extract several messages without renewing when new participants are added or old participants are deleted. And its share verification phase allows any participant to verify its authenticity and validity. PBDT proves to be practically efficient and computationally secure to resist collision attack, especially for distributed wireless networks.
Large Scale Porting through Parameterization

The advent of open systems and standards, while beneficial, has not eliminated the diffi-culty of maintaining and transporting large scale software systems across many varying platforms. this paper we discuss the need and criteria for a effective porting strategy, one that allows the rapid and inexpensive retargeting of large scale software systems to mâny widely varying platforms while not compromising the integrity of that software on any pieviously supported platform. "Getting Tigger down", said Eeyore, "and not hurting anybody, Keep those two ideas in your head, Piglet, and you'll be all right. ,' A. A. Milne, The World of Pooh, 1957, pp2L6, McCeltand & Stewart Ltd. A key component of any porting strategy is the methodology used to determine, represent, use, and validate specifications of the target system's characteristics and site or system dependent build and run time controls. The standards efforts (e.g., pOSIX, ANSI C) are attempting to eliminate the large number of discrepancies that exist among systems today. However, the problem will always exist, for ieasons that are discussed. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to present and justify the methodology that we use. _ Ihis methodology is in production use on several commercial products in Sietec. Its benefits include relieving the programmer from the burden of needing detailed knowledge of all the idiosyncrasies of the various target environments. It is suffi-ciently powerful tnat it accommodates many flavours of BSD, System V, and DOS.
Modeling and forecasting the intraday volume of Shanghai security composite index

In this paper, we put forward a modeling method for the intraday volume series that exhibits W shape structure and heteroskedasticity. Firstly, we take the averaged values of historical intraday volume as the periodic component of volume. Then we choose proper mean-variance models to simulate the volume series removed intra-daily periodic trend. Finally, we use the period-mean-variance model selected to predict future volume. By empirical analyzing the Shanghai security composite index on 59 days with time interval of 1 minute, we demonstrate that with this method we can effectively extract periodic components in volume series and ARMA-EGARCH (2, 2) outperform others in stimulation and forecast for the intraday volume time series.
Common Sensory Inputs and Differential Excitability of Segmentally Homologous Reticulospinal Neurons in the Hindbrain

In the hindbrain of zebrafish and goldfish, reticulospinal (RS) neurons are arranged in seven segments, with segmental homologs in adjacent segments. The Mauthner cell (M-cell) in the fourth segment (r4) is known to trigger fast escape behavior. Its serial homologs, MiD2cm in r5 and MiD3cm in r6, are predicted to contribute to this behavior, which can be evoked by head-tap stimuli. However, little is known about their input–output properties. Therefore, we studied afferent projections from the auditory posterior eighth nerve (pVIIIn) and firing properties of MiD2cm and MiD3cm for comparison with the M-cell in adult goldfish. Labeling of RS neurons and the pVIIIn afferents with fluorescent tracers showed that the pVIIIn projected to r4–r6. Tone burst and electrical stimulation of the pVIIIn evoked EPSPs in the M-cell, MiD2cm, and MiD3cm. Stepwise depolarization typically elicited a single spike at the onset in the M-cell but repetitive spiking in MiD2cm and MiD3cm. This atypical property of the M-cell was mediated by dendrotoxin-I (DTX-I)-sensitive voltage-gated potassium channels together with recurrent inhibition, because combined application of DTX-I, strychnine, and bicuculline led to continuous repetitive firing in M-cells. The M-cell but not MiD2cm or MiD3cm expressed Kv1.2, a DTX-I-sensitive potassium channel subunit. Thus, the M-cell and its segmental homologs may sense common auditory information but send different outputs to the spinal circuits to control adaptive escape behavior.
Zwyrodnienie korowo-podstawne

Zwyrodnienie korowo-podstawne (CBD, corticobasal degeneration ) jest rzadkim, heterogennym klinicznie i neuropatologicznie schorzeniem zwyrodnieniowym ukladu nerwowego zaliczanym do parkinsonizmow atypowych. Do najbardziej typowych dla tego zespolu objawow klinicznych nalezą: wyraźnie asymetryczny (przynajmniej na początku choroby) parkinsonizm, sztywnośc i dystoniczne ulozenie konczyny gornej, mioklonie, apraksja, zjawisko obcej konczyny, zaburzenia chodu z powtarzającymi sie upadkami i korowe zaburzenia czucia. W poźniejszym okresie pojawiają sie: zaburzenia neuropsychiatryczne, odhamowanie, zespol czolowy, otepienie. Asymetria objawow klinicznych przeklada sie na rowniez asymetryczny, przeciwstronny do objawow ruchowych, zanik czolowo-skroniowy i podkorowy widoczny w badaniach neuroobrazowych (TK/MR) oraz hipoperfuzji/metabolizmu w obrazie SPECT/PET. Schorzenie pozostaje nieuleczalne. Terapia sprowadza sie do prob leczenia objawowego.
Poly I:C Enhances Susceptibility to Secondary Pulmonary Infections by Gram-Positive Bacteria

Secondary bacterial pneumonias are a frequent complication of influenza and other respiratory viral infections, but the mechanisms underlying viral-induced susceptibility to bacterial infections are poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear whether the host's response against the viral infection, independent of the injury caused by the virus, results in impairment of antibacterial host defense. Here, we sought to determine whether the induction of an “antiviral” immune state using various viral recognition receptor ligands was sufficient to result in decreased ability to combat common bacterial pathogens of the lung. Using a mouse model, animals were administered polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or Toll-like 7 ligand (imiquimod or gardiquimod) intranasally, followed by intratracheal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. We found that animals pre-exposed to poly I:C displayed impaired bacterial clearance and increased mortality. Poly I:C-exposed animals also had decreased ability to clear methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, we showed that activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and Retinoic acid inducible gene (RIG-I)/Cardif pathways, which recognize viral nucleic acids in the form of dsRNA, both contribute to poly I:C mediated impairment of bacterial clearance. Finally, we determined that poly I:C administration resulted in significant induction of type I interferons (IFNs), whereas the elimination of type I IFN signaling improved clearance and survival following secondary bacterial pneumonia. Collectively, these results indicate that in the lung, poly I:C administration is sufficient to impair pulmonary host defense against clinically important gram-positive bacterial pathogens, which appears to be mediated by type I IFNs.
From polynomial time queries to graph structure theory

We give a logical characterization of the polynomial-time properties of graphs with excluded minors: For every class C of graphs such that some graph H is not a minor of any graph in C, a property P of graphs in C is decidable in polynomial time if and only if it is definable in fixed-point logic with counting. Furthermore, we prove that for every class C of graphs with excluded minors there is a k such that a simple combinatorial algorithm, namely "the k-dimensional Weisfeiler--Lehman algorithm," decides isomorphism of graphs in C in polynomial time.
A brief architectural overview of alice, a rapid prototyping system for vitrual reality

We are developing Alice, a rapid prototyping system for virtual reality software. Alice programs are written in an object-oriented, interpreted language which allows programmers to immediately see the effects of changes. As an Alice program executes, the author can update the current state either by interactively evaluating program code fragments, or by manipulating GUI tools. Although the system is extremely flexible at runtime, we are able to maintain high interactive frame rates (typically, 20-50 fps) by transparently decoupling simulation and rendering. We have been using Alice internally at Virginia for over two years, and we are currently porting a “desktop” version of Alice to Windows 95. We will distribute desktop Alice freely to all universities via the World Wide Web; for more information, see http://www.cs. virginia.edu/~alice/ THE NEED FOR RAPID PROTOTYPING TOOLS Virtual Reality (VR) has sparked many people’s imaginations, but writing VR programs remains difficult. Besides the obvious problems in managing the arcane I/O devices (trackers, gloves, etc), the developer must allow the participant to operate effectively in the immersive environment. Virtual environments present a new medium for both the participant and the author. We believe that the best way to accelerate a new medium such as VR is to provide tools that allow people without highly technical backgrounds to create
Analysis on the effect of working frequency on the receiving signal in the high speed rail scenario

Carrier aggregation technique plays a significant role in LTE-A to meet the need of higher data rate, it applies a number of frequency bands to transmit signals and therefore there is a promising research arising that it is indispensable to study the characteristics of the signal at different frequencies at a receiver, in order to make the receiving equipment adjusted to the discrepancy of the receiving frequency. This paper firstly discusses that mechanisms of propagation have effects on the field strength and presents an amended terrain parameter which separates the reflected objects from scattering objects to predict the distribution of the number of multipath at different frequencies, and Secondly, on the basic of the multipath and Doppler effect, an analysis of the performance of receiving signals by an index of Level Cross Rate and simulation has been made, in the background of high speed rail and in channel models of COST 207, COST 259 and Winner channel model in the high-speed rail scenarios respectively. Finally, according to the theoretical analysis and simulation results, it concludes that, in terms of the evaluation parameter of Level Cross Rate, the envelope amplitudes of the signals changed rapidly with the increment of the frequency and velocity at the receiver.1
Provoking Opponents to Facilitate the Recognition of their Intentions

Possessing a sufficient level of situation awareness is essential for effective decision making in dynamic environments. In video games, this includes being aware to some extent of the intentions of the opponents. Such high-level awareness hinges upon inferences over the lower-level situation awareness provided by the game state. Traditional plan recognizers are completely passive processes that leave all the initiative to the observed agent. In a situation where the opponent's intentions are unclear, the observer is forced to wait until further observations of the opponent's actions are made to disambiguate the pending goal hypotheses. With the plan recognizer we propose, in contrast, the observer would take the initiative and provoke the opponent, with the expectation that his reaction will give cues as to what his true intentions actually are.
Generic Low Latency Router Design for DSP Implementation on Networks-on-Chip

The design of efficient router represents a key issue for the success of the network-on-chip approach. This paper presents and evaluates novel router architecture suitable for networks-on-chip (NoC) design. This router offers lowest latency (1 cycle) and allows supporting several adaptive routing algorithms. Latency reduction is obtained by using fast parallel routing (FPR) arbitration that consists in parallel processing in one stage, routing decisions and arbitration. The proposed router architecture is evaluated in 2D mesh with two adaptive routing algorithms: fully adaptive (FA) and contention look-ahead (CLA). The obtained results show that our router, combined with adaptive routing techniques is effective in terms of latency and throughput.
Endogenous Risk in a DSGE Model with Capital-Constrained Financial Intermediaries

This paper proposes a perturbation-based approach to implement the idea of endogenous financial risk in a standard DSGE macro-model. Recent papers, such as Mendoza (2010), Brunnermeier and Sannikov (2012) and He and Krishnamurthy (2012), that have stimulated the research field on endogenous risk in a macroeconomic context, are based on sophisticated solution methods that are not easily applicable in larger models. We propose an approximation method that allows us to capture some of the basic insights of this literature in a standard macro-model. We are able to identify an important risk-channel that derives from the risk aversion of constrained intermediaries and that contributes significantly to the overall financial and macro volatility. With this procedure, we obtain a consistent and computationally-efficient modelling device that can be used for integrating financial stability concerns within the traditional monetary policy analysis.
Impact of Quantum Confinement on Stress-Induced nMOSFET Threshold Voltage Shift

In this paper, we propose a comprehensive model to express nMOSFET threshold voltage shift induced by stress, ranging from a high tensile one to a high compressive one. Using this model, the quantum confinement effect, combined with large out-of-plane stress, is shown to play an important role to cause the threshold voltage shift as large as about 80 mV induced by high-film-stress contact etch-stop layer.
Minocycline, a Tetracycline Derivative, Is Neuroprotective against Excitotoxicity by Inhibiting Activation and Proliferation of Microglia

Minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative, protects brain against global and focal ischemia in rodents. We examined whether minocycline reduces excitotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures. Minocycline (0.02 μm) significantly increased neuronal survival in mixed spinal cord (SC) cultures treated with 500 μm glutamate or 100 μm kainate for 24 hr. Treatment with these excitotoxins induced a dose-dependent proliferation of microglia that was associated with increased release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and was followed by increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The excitotoxicity was enhanced when microglial cells were cultured on top of SC cultures. Minocycline prevented excitotoxin-induced microglial proliferation and the increased release of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and IL-1β. Excitotoxins induced microglial proliferation and increased the release of NO metabolites and IL-1β also in pure microglia cultures, and these responses were inhibited by minocycline. In both SC and pure microglia cultures, excitotoxins activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) exclusively in microglia. Minocycline inhibited p38 MAPK activation in SC cultures, and treatment with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, but not with PD98059, a p44/42 MAPK inhibitor, increased neuronal survival. In pure microglia cultures, glutamate induced transient activation of p38 MAPK, and this was inhibited by minocycline. These findings indicate that the proliferation and activation of microglia contributes to excitotoxicity, which is inhibited by minocycline, an antibiotic used in severe human infections.
Multiscale Medialness for Robust Segmentation of 3 D Tubular Structures ∗

Segmentation of tubular structures like blood vessels and airways in 3D volume data is of vital interest for medical applications like diagnosis and surgical planning. The proposed method uses a vessel detection filter, which is based on a novel multiscale medialness function and also provides a radius estimate. Based on the filter ouput, centerlines of the tubes are extracted and the vessel tree is reconstructed. The final segmentation step uses the tube representation to initialize and constrain a level set method for tubular structures. Computer generated and real data sets are used for performance evaluation of the method. Results show the robustness of the method against noise and anisotropic voxels as well as its applicability to blood vessels and airway trees.