Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the Buck Stop Here ? A Comparison of Withdrawals from Money Market Mutual Funds with Floating and Constant Share Prices

Bank of Canada working papers are theoretical or empirical works-in-progress on subjects in economics and finance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author. No responsibility for them should be attributed to the Bank of Canada. Abstract Recent reform proposals call for an elimination of the constant net asset value (NAV) or " buck " in money market mutual funds to reduce the occurrence of runs. Outside the United States, there are several countries that have money market mutual funds with and without constant NAVs. Using daily data on individual fund flows from these countries, this paper evaluates whether the reliance on a constant NAV is associated with a higher frequency of sustained fund outflows. Preliminary evidence suggests that funds with a constant NAV are more likely to experience sustained outflows, even after controlling for country fixed effects and other factors. Moreover, these sustained outflows in constant NAV money market funds were more acute during the period of the run on the Reserve Primary fund, and were subdued after the U.S. Treasury guarantee program for money market funds was put in place. Consistent with the theory that constant NAV funds receive additional implicit support from fund sponsors, fund liquidations are less prevalent in funds with a constant NAV following periods of larger outflows. Résumé En vue de réduire le risque de ruée, des propositions de réforme récentes appellent à l'interdiction des fonds communs de placement monétaires à valeur liquidative (VL) constante. Dans plusieurs pays en dehors des États-Unis, les fonds monétaires à VL variable et constante coexistent. À partir de données quotidiennes relatives aux flux financiers issus des fonds de ces pays, l'auteur évalue si le modèle à VL stable est associé à des sorties prolongées de capitaux plus fréquentes. Les résultats préliminaires semblent confirmer que les fonds à VL constante sont plus susceptibles de connaître des sorties prolongées de capitaux, même après prise en compte des effets fixes de pays et d'autres facteurs. En outre, les fuites ont été plus importantes lorsque le fonds Reserve Primary a subi une hémorragie de capitaux, et elles sont tombées après la mise en place par le Trésor américain d'un programme de garantie des fonds monétaires. En accord avec l'idée que les fonds à VL stable reçoivent de leurs promoteurs un soutien implicite supplémentaire, l'auteur constate que les fonds de cette catégorie enregistrent moins de liquidations après des sorties importantes …
Improving Word Alignment of Rare Words with Word Embeddings

We address the problem of inducing word alignment for language pairs by developing an unsupervised model with the capability of getting applied to other generative alignment models. We approach the task by: i)proposing a new alignment model based on the IBM alignment model 1 that uses vector representation of words, and ii)examining the use of similar source words to overcome the problem of rare source words and improving the alignments. We apply our method to English-French corpora and run the experiments with different sizes of sentence pairs. Our results show competitive performance against the baseline and in some cases improve the results up to 6.9% in terms of precision.
Compact groups in theory and practice – II. Comparing the observed and predicted nature of galaxies in compact groups

We examine the properties of galaxies in compact groups (CGs) identified in a mock galaxy catalogue based upon the Millennium Run simulation. The overall properties of groups identified in projection are in general agreement with the best available observational constraints. However, only ∼30 per cent of these simulated groups are found to be truly compact in three dimensions, suggesting that interlopers strongly affect our observed understanding of the properties of galaxies in CGs. These simulations predict that genuine CG galaxies are an extremely homogeneous population, confined nearly exclusively to the red sequence: they are best described as ‘red and dead’ ellipticals. When interlopers are included, the population becomes much more heterogeneous, due to bluer, star-forming, gas-rich, late-type galaxies incorrectly identified as CG members. These models suggest that selection of members by redshift, such that the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the group is less than 1000 km s−1, significantly reduces contamination to the 30 per cent level. Selection of members by galaxy colour, a technique used frequently for galaxy clusters, is also predicted to dramatically reduce contamination rates for CG studies.
Wettability of silicone-hydrogel contact lenses in the presence of tear-film components

Introduction. Modern application of soft contact lenses demands safe and comfortable wear over extended time periods up to one month. Lenses that exhibit and sustain complete water wetting allow thick tear-film deposition, minimize film rupture, and permit smooth tear recovery upon lid closure. Water contact angles determined using an air bubble captive on a lens best gauge the in-vivo wetting state. To achieve highly water wetting lenses demands that contact-angle hysteresis be eliminated and that the advancing and receding angles both approach zero. Since lens wear exposes the anterior surface to tear proteins, lens wettability should be measured in the presence of tear-film components. Methods. A captive-bubble technique is applied to measure the advancing and receding contact angles of two commercial silicone-hydrogel lenses: PureVision (PV) and Focus Night & Day (CF) and a standard HEMA (hydroxethyl-methacrylate) hydrogel lens: Acuvue (AV). In the captive-bubble method, an air bubble immersed in aqueous solution is brought into contact with the contact lens. The contact angle through water during bubble expansion yields the receding angle. Bubble contraction gives the water advancing angle. Contact-angle hysteresis is the difference between the advancing and receding angles. Results. In isotonic solution, all three lenses display considerable contact-angle hysteresis with advancing angles of almost 90°. When lysozyme and/or mucin were added to the aqueous solution, hysteresis was eliminated, and equivalent and high water wetting was achieved for the three lenses. Only the advancing angle in isotonic solution provided discriminating evidence for differences in surface chemistry. Covalent attachment of polyethyleneglygol (PEG) to the PV lens surface achieved complete water wetting independent of the presence of tear protein in the solution. Conclusions. The captive-bubble technique provides contact angles that are relevant to on-eye lens wear. Both advancing and receding contact angles are important to lens wettability performance. When lysozyme and/or mucin are present in the solution, PV, CF, and AV lenses display low advancing and receding contact angles indicative of equivalent wettability performance. This result is due to molecular adsorption of the proteins onto the lens external surface. Covalently attached PEG on the PV lens not only provides complete water wetting but also minimizes or even eliminates protein adsorption.
Novel, posterior sensory organ in the trochophore larva of Phyllodoce maculata (Polychaeta)

A new posterior sensory organ (PSO), located at the dorsal midline of the hyposphere, is described by immunocytochemical detection of acetylated α tubulin and serotonin (5-HT) in a laser-scanning microscope, as well as three-dimensional reconstructions after optical serial sectioning in the trochophore larva of the polychaete Phyllodoce maculata (Phyllodocidae). The unpaired PSO consists of five bipolar sensory cells, two of them being 5-HT immunopositive, which send axons to the cerebral ganglion and prototroch nerve. The dendrites of these cells project to the surface and bear one cilium each. A single neuronal fibre from the apical sensory organ innervates the PSO.
RTP Payload Format for MPEG1/MPEG2 Video

This memo describes a packetization scheme for MPEG video and audio streams. The scheme proposed can be used to transport such a video or audio flow over the transport protocols supported by RTP. Two approaches are described. The first is designed to support maximum interoperability with MPEG System environments. The second is designed to provide maximum compatibility with other RTP-encapsulated media streams and future conference control work of the IETF.
Three‐dimensional structures of carbohydrate determinants of Lewis system antigens: Implications for effective antibody targeting of cancer

Lewis system carbohydrate antigens have been shown to be expressed at high levels in many cancers of epithelial cell origin, including those of colon, breast, lung, prostate and ovary. The type 1 (Lea and Leb) antigens are important histo‐blood groups, while type 2 (Lex and Ley) antigens in healthy individuals are only expressed, at relatively low levels, by a few tissues, including some epithelial cells. Thus, the type 2 antigens are considered to be tumour‐associated antigens and are promising targets for cancer treatment, including antibody‐based immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the conformational characteristics of the free and bound forms of Lewis oligosaccharides and the 3D structures of antibodies in complex with Ley and Lex antigens. Collectively, the structural studies have demonstrated that the Lewis determinants are rigid structures, which generally maintain the same conformation in the free and bound states. The rigid nature and similarities in shape of type 1 and 2 Lewis oligosaccharides appear to make them perfectly suited to driving a structurally convergent immune response (at least in the case of Ley specific antibodies) toward a highly specific recognition of individual carbohydrate determinants, which is a goal in the development of effective antibody‐based cancer treatments.
A PROMISE Fulfilled That Quality-of-Life Assessments Afford Incremental Value to Coronary Artery Disease Management.

Current ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) advocate dual goals of management: 1) to reduce incident rates of death or myocardial infarction; 2) to improve angina and enhance the patient9s functional capacity, or quality of life. 1 For certain subsets of patients, notably those with acute coronary syndromes, studies have shown that both goals can be achieved when optimal medical therapy (OMT) is combined with myocardial revascularization. For subjects with chronic angina and stable CAD, however, revascularization has not been shown to reduce either short-term or long-term rates of death or myocardial infarction (MI) as compared with OMT alone. 2,3 In such instances, therefore, treatment is primarily directed toward symptom control and improving quality of life.
Business Intelligence: Future Perspectives (April, 2016)

Business Intelligence (BI) is a field where most of its tools and procedures have gradually changed with time: the advent rise of information circulation, and the more valuable it gets, combined with the sophistication of the technology surrounding the area, makes BI technology advancements seem much more of a reality. With the positive impact BI has had in businesses such as the improvement of the product's quality and the better customer behavior pattern analysis it brought to companies, BI is considered a standard way of analyzing data and of acquiring knowledge, so businesses know how to operate in the short, medium and long-term. This paper will discuss some of the new paradigms and perspectives being debated in the BI industry, as well as to bring into discussion new concepts that appear to be fully attainable, taking into account the current technology advancement, as well as the current discussion topics in the BI community.
Truncated rhombic microstrip patch array antenna with frequency reconfigurability

A novel design of frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna (FRMAA) using aperture coupler feeding technique is presented. In contrast with conventional antennas that can be operated at one frequency in a single antenna, this FRMAA is capable to operate at two different frequencies. In this paper, the ground plane which is located in the middle of the two substrates serves as a very effective shield between the radiating aperture and the feed. By having this type of configuration, unwanted effects such as spurious feed radiation can be reduced and substrate space for antenna elements and feed line can be increased. The integration of PIN diode switch concept with the feed network enables the antenna to operate at two different frequencies, 5.3GHz and 5.8GHz. The variations in the position and design of the patch slot would affect the excitation of the resonant frequencies. The proposed antenna has been designed and optimized using CST Microwave Studio. Two different frequencies have been achieved by using the same patch size and 26% of patch size reduction has been obtained for the lower frequency. The results confirmed that the antenna can be operated at two different frequencies with considerably high gains.
Repellent activity of essential oils against cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae, Blattellidae, and Blaberidae) in Thailand.

Seven commercial essential oils extracted from the plant species Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. , Citrus hystrix DC. , Curcuma longa L. , Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. , Piper nigrum L. , Psidium guajava L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and naphthalene as a control, were evaluated for repellent activity against the three cockroach species Periplaneta americana (L.), Blattella germanica (L.) and Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll) under laboratory conditions. The essential oil derived from Citrus hystrix showed the best repellency over other candidate essential oils and naphthalene. The essential oil of Citrus hystrix exhibited complete repellency (100%) against P. americana and B. germanica, and also showed the highest repellency (among the essential oils tested) of about 87.5% against N. rhombifolia under laboratory conditions. In the field, Citrus hystrix essential oil formulated as a 20% active ingredient in ethanol and some additives provided satisfactory repellency of up to 86% reduction in cockroaches, mostly P. americana and N. rhombifolia with a residual effect lasting a week after treatment. Citrus hystrix essential oil has good potential for being used as a cockroach repellent. Further improvements in efficacy and residual activity may be realized with appropriate formulations.
Deep Genetic Connection Between Cancer and Developmental Disorders

Cancer and developmental disorders (DDs) share dysregulated cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. There are well‐known genes implicated in both in cancer and DDs. In this study, we aim to quantify this genetic connection using publicly available data. We found that among DD patients, germline damaging de novo variants are more enriched in cancer driver genes than non‐drivers. We estimate that cancer driver genes comprise about a third of DD risk genes. Additionally, de novo likely‐gene‐disrupting variants are more enriched in tumor suppressors, and about 40% of implicated de novo damaging missense variants are located in cancer somatic mutation hotspots, indicating that many genes have a similar mode of action in cancer and DDs. Our results suggest that we can view tumors as natural laboratories for assessing the deleterious effects of mutations that are applicable to germline variants and identification of causal genes and variants in DDs.
Assessing empathy : Measurement characteristics and interviewer effects

The purpose of the present study was to examine the structure of empathy using a hierarchical approach, and to compare the dimensions of empathy with measures of social functioning, in order to contribute to the understanding of the nature of empathy. The dimensionality of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which comprises four subscales (empathic concern, perspective taking, fantasy and personal distress) was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Relations with the Social Skills Inventory were also investigated. A sample of 127 applicants for places on nursing and social work undergraduate programs participated in the study. The study findings indicate that empathy is hierarchi-cally organized, with one general dimension at the apex. The general factor is identical to empathic concern and this dimension overlaps to a great extent with perspective taking and fantasy. The findings also indicate that the general dimension constitutes an integrated entirety, with its main emphasis on emotional reactivity by also involving cognitive processes.
Single-carrier transmission with iterative frequency-domain decision-feedback equalization

This paper addresses single-carrier transmission with frequency-domain equalization (SCT/FDE), which is an alternative to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). We describe a new iterative frequency-domain decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) with reduced complexity compared to previously published schemes. The simulation results using two channel models indicate that the iterative DFE converges in 3 - 4 iterations and significantly improves performance with respect to linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and zero-forcing (ZF) equalizers.
Frequent association of delayed tear clearance in ocular irritation

AIM To explore the pathogenic role of delayed tear clearance. METHODS By comparing 10 patients with punctal obstruction and 20 asymptomatic normals, delayed tear clearance was diagnosed in 70 patients without apparent punctal obstruction using fluorescein clearance test. RESULTS The majority were older (71.4 (SD 1.2) years) and women (66%). Frequent complaints included redness, itching, mucus discharge, and crusting, which tended to be worse upon awakening. Common associated problems were medicamentosa (13%), drug induced pseudo pemphigoid, ocular hypertension (27%), and glaucoma (7%). Topical non-preserved 1% methylprednisolone resulted in subjective (83%) and objective (80%) improvement and resolution of delayed tear clearance (87%). CONCLUSION These results indicate strong association of delayed tear clearance with intrinsically and extrinsically generated ocular surface inflammation. The presence of delayed tear clearance may set up a vicious cycle to aggravate the existing inflammation. Future prospective studies are needed to delineate the pathogenic role of delayed tear clearance in various ocular surface disorders.
Time Dependence of the Effect of Right Ventricular Dysfunction on Clinical Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction: Role of Pulmonary Hypertension

Background The clinical importance of right ventricular (RV) function in acute myocardial infarction is well recognized, but the impact of concomitant pulmonary hypertension (PH) has not been studied. Methods and Results We studied 1044 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of RV dysfunction and PH, defined as pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35 mm Hg: normal right ventricle without PH (n=509), normal right ventricle and PH (n=373), RV dysfunction without PH (n=64), and RV dysfunction and PH (n=98). A landmark analysis of early (admission to 30 days) and late (31 days to 8 years) mortality and readmission for heart failure was performed. In the first 30 days, RV dysfunction without PH was associated with a high mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio 5.56, 95% CI 2.05–15.09, P<0.0001 compared with normal RV and no PH). In contrast, after 30 days, mortality rates among patients with RV dysfunction were increased only when PH was also present. Compared with patients having neither RV dysfunction nor PH, the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality was 1.44 (95% CI 0.68–3.04, P=0.34) in RV dysfunction without PH and 2.52 (95% CI 1.64–3.87, P<0.0001) in RV dysfunction with PH. PH with or without RV dysfunction was associated with increased risk for heart failure. Conclusion In the absence of elevated pulmonary pressures, the risk associated with RV dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction is entirely confined to the first 30 days. Beyond 30 days, PH is the stronger risk factor for long‐term mortality and readmission for heart failure.
The UOB-Télécom ParisTech Arabic handwriting recognition and translation systems for the OpenHaRT 2013 competition

This article is a description of the two systems proposed for the recognition of Arabic handwritten text lines and for the automatic translation of text-line and sentence images into English text. The recognition systems are based on HMMs (Hidden Markov Models) and BLSTMs (bi-directional long short term memory) recurrent networks. Two SMT (Statistical Machine Translation) systems based on MOSES [1] were built for the evaluation system: one on text-line translation and one for sentence translation. Keywords—Arabic handwriting recognition; translation; textline recognition; preprocessing; HMM; BLSTM;
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells as iron sensors.

The continuous turnover of erythrocyte iron requires intercommunication between multiple cell types for homeostasis, including cells participating in iron uptake (enterocytes), utilization (erythroid precursors), recycling (reticuloendothelial macrophages), and storage (hepatocytes). Coordination of iron flux between these cell types is determined by the regulated expression of the hepatocellular hormone hepcidin. In this issue of Blood, 2 research teams, Canali et al and Koch et al, independently demonstrate a key role in iron homeostasis by a cell type that might otherwise seem a bystander. Their studies provide convincing evidence that the source of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) essential to basal and iron-regulated hepcidin expression is liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). 1,2
Event Processing in RDF

In this study we look at new requirements for event models based on concepts defined for complex event processing. A corresponding model for representing heterogeneous event objects in RDF is defined, building on pre-existing work and focusing on structural aspects, which have not been addressed before, such as composite event objects encapsulating other event objects. SPARQL querying of event objects is also considered, to demonstrate how event objects based on the model can be recognized and processed in a straightforward way with SPARQL 1.1 Query-compliant tools.