Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological evidence for whole form retrieval of complex derived words: a mismatch negativity study

Complex words can be seen as combinations of elementary units, decomposable into stems and affixes according to morphological rules. Alternatively, complex forms may be stored as single lexical entries and accessed as whole forms. This study uses an event-related potential brain response capable of indexing both whole-form retrieval and combinatorial processing, the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), to investigate early brain activity elicited by morphologically complex derived words in German. We presented complex words consisting of stems “sicher” (secure), or “sauber” (clean) combined with abstract nominalizing derivational affixes -heit or -keit, to form either congruent derived words: “Sicherheit” (security) and “Sauberkeit” (cleanliness), or incongruent derived pseudowords: *“Sicherkeit”, and *“Sauberheit”. Using this orthogonal design, it was possible to record brain responses for -heit and -keit in both congruent and incongruent contexts, therefore balancing acoustic variance. Previous research has shown that incongruent combinations of symbols elicit a stronger MMN than congruent combinations, but that single words or constructions stored as whole forms elicit a stronger MMN than pseudowords or non-existent constructions. We found that congruent derived words elicited a stronger MMN than incongruent derived words, beginning about 150 ms after perception of the critical morpheme. This pattern of results is consistent with whole-form storage of morphologically complex derived words as lexical units, or mini-constructions. Using distributed source localization methods, the MMN enhancement for well-formed derivationally complex words appeared to be most prominent in the left inferior anterior-temporal, bilateral superior parietal and bilateral post-central, supra-marginal areas. In addition, neurophysiological results reflected the frequency of derived forms, thus providing further converging evidence for whole form storage and against a combinatorial mechanism.
The benefits of relaxing punctuality

Abstract : The most natural, compositional way of modeling real time systems uses a dense domain for time. The satisfiability of real time constraints that are capable of expressing punctual it in this model is, however, known to be undecidable. The authors introduce a temporal language that can constrain the time difference between events only with finite (yet arbitrary) precision and show the resulting logic to be EXPACE-complete. This result allows the authors to develop an algorithm for the verification of timing properties of real time systems with a dense semantics.
Magnetic fields from skeletal muscles: a valuable physiological measurement?

It is well known that whenever a motor unit is recruited, electrical, and mechanical events are generated in skeletal muscle fibers. The first concerns to the action potentials propagating along the sarcolemma while the second is represented by dimensional changes that are interpreted as mechanical twitches. Both allow the regulation of muscle force production. Electrical and mechanical events can be indirectly measured by means of different transducers that can provide details concerning the underlying mechanisms of muscle contraction elicited under different conditions. Therefore, surface or indwelling electrodes, laser distance sensors, microphones, and accelerometers are examples of transducers commonly used by those who are interested in interpreting how muscles control joints and regulate force production, among other properties. Thus, electromyography (EMG) and mechano or vibro or acceleromyography (usually named MMG) are examples of well-established methods that are widely used today in basic, sports and clinical studies. However, another physical quantity, magnetic fields associated with the flux of ions across the active cells membranes, has been well reported in organs such as brain (Hari and Salmelin, 1997, 2012; Nevalainen et al., 2014) and heart (Geselowitz, 1979; Fenici et al., 2005; Leithauser et al., 2011) although much less frequently for the skeletal muscles. Interestingly, though, few previous authors have pointed out that the recording of magnetic fields of this tissue may help to improve our knowledge in respect of its physiology under normal and pathological conditions. As an example of these pioneers, we may mention the study conducted by Van Egeraat et al. (1990). They carried out the first recordings of magnetic fields generated by a single skeletal muscle fiber and provided details concerning some cellular properties such as membrane capacitance and intracellular conductivity, which are notoriously helpful in basic physiology. Moreover, some authors also support the idea that measuring magnetic fields from this tissue can provide additional details concerning muscle gradation force mechanisms (Lewis, 2003), which is of utmost importance in clinical and sports applications. Thus, why so few studies? What are the constraints, disadvantages and advantages of measuring magnetic fields from skeletal muscles? May it provide valuable and feasible data for a better understanding of skeletal muscle physiology?
Performance Enhancement Factors of ERP Projects in a Telecom Public Sector Organization of Pakistan : An Exploratory Study

Public sector organizations are treated in a different manner, as Information technology/information system has become necessity in a highly competitive environment. Importance of information systems is becoming more and more vital as the global technology adoption is in progress. ERP projects are considered as one of the most important and critical area of technology especially in public sector organizations where cost effectiveness and operational efficiency is prioritized on profits. A lot of research studies have been made on ERP projects but mostly on critical success factors (CSFs) and other managerial issues. This ongoing research mainly focuses upon the performance of ERP software in public sector organizations by thoroughly going through one of the largest most public sector organizations of Pakistan. Though ERP projects are handled by experienced consultants in addition to the support of vendor companies but because of its features and functional complexity and mismatch with the organizational processes, different managerial and technical issues arise during and after its implementation. This study investigates the performance of ERP system in a large public sector organization of Pakistan; five most critical technical factors, which can lead the whole project towards success or failure, have been dug out. This exploratory study i.e. extensive literature review and a case study includes survey and interviews which later on investigated through their application in a public sector organization in Pakistan.
Are Centaurus A and M87 TeV Gamma-Ray Sources?

In this Letter, we identify Cen A and M87, two nearby Fanaroff-Riley class I (FR I) radio galaxies with high-energy-peaked BL Lac (HBL)-like objects by investigating their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The SED peak of Cen A at ~150 keV, which was generally believed to be the peak of inverse Compton emission as in the case of 3C 273, is found to be actually the peak of synchrotron emission. The synchrotron emission of M87 peaks in the far-UV band. We summarize the properties of γ-ray-loud blazars, especially those of TeV BL Lac objects, and generalize them to HBL-like FR I radio galaxies according to the unified scheme of BL Lac objects and FR I radio galaxies. We infer that Cen A may have a peak in its Compton component power output at ~1 TeV and that M87 may have a Compton emission peak at ~0.1 TeV. For Cen A, the estimated TeV γ-ray flux during outburst is F(0.25-30 TeV) = 6.4 × 10-9 ergs cm-2 s-1, and for M87, F(0.25-30 TeV) = 1.1 × 10-11 ergs cm-2 s-1. Both fluxes are detectable by TeV detectors available today, and hence Cen A and M87 are TeV γ-ray source candidates. By investigating the long-term variability, we predict that Cen A will undergo an outburst in the near future and will be detectable at the TeV γ-ray energy range using the CANGAROO and the German-French-Italian experiment HESS TeV γ-ray telescopes.
Roundness Modeling Using Fractal Interpolation

There are many modelling methods using theoretical and experimental data. Recently, fractal interpolation methods have been widely used to estimate and analyse various data. Due to the chaotic nature of dynamic roundness profile data in roundness, some desirable method must be used for the analysis of data which is natural to sequential data. Fractal analysis used in this paper is within the scope of the fractal interpolation and fractal dimension. Also, two methods for computing the fractal dimension have been introduced, which can calculate the fractal dimension of typical dynamic roundness profile data according to the number of data points in which the fixed data are generally lower than 120 data points. This fractal analysis shows a possible prediction and analysis of roundness profile that has some different roundness profile in round shape operation such as cylindrical grinding, turning, drilling and boring.
The Snail genes as inducers of cell movement and survival: implications in development and cancer

The functions of the Snail family of zinc-finger transcription factors are essential during embryonic development. One of their best-known functions is to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), which convert epithelial cells into migratory mesenchymal cells. In recent years, many orthologues of the Snail family have been identified throughout the animal kingdom, and their study is providing new clues about the EMT-dependent and -independent functions of Snail proteins. Here, we discuss these functions and how they influence cell behaviour during development and during diseases such as metastatic cancer. From these findings, we propose that Snail genes act primarily as survival factors and inducers of cell movement, rather than as inducers of EMT or cell fate.
Literature Review: Impact Toughness of Bainite vs. Martensite.

Abstract : A review of the literature is conducted with regard to the mechanical properties of bainite vs. martensite. Tempered martensite is found to have generally superior mechanical properties for lower (less than .5%) carbon content steels, but two specific bainitic heat treatments are described which may yield optimum properties.
Anonymous Handover Mechanism for Service Mobility in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Various handover technologies for heterogeneous wireless networks have been proposed. Most of these technologies are based on mobile IP technology, which reduces the processing time of handovers, network authentication, and service authentication. However, guaranteeing continuity with real-time services and/or video-on-demand services is difficult, particularly when the processing time is reduced by separating the node and network sides. Cooperative processing is therefore needed between the node and network sides or network and service authentication. Moreover, the handover mechanism must provide anonymity to the users of content distribution services. We propose an anonymous handover mechanism and efficient authentication scheme that divides the content key into two data sets and transmits these data sets to the mobile node by way of two paths. We analyze this handover mechanism in this paper.
Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

CONTEXT Association between obesity and depression has repeatedly been established. For treatment and prevention purposes, it is important to acquire more insight into their longitudinal interaction. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the longitudinal relationship between depression, overweight, and obesity and to identify possible influencing factors. DATA SOURCES Studies were found using PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases and selected on several criteria. STUDY SELECTION Studies examining the longitudinal bidirectional relation between depression and overweight (body mass index 25-29.99) or obesity (body mass index > or =30) were selected. DATA EXTRACTION Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were extracted or provided by the authors. DATA SYNTHESIS Overall, unadjusted ORs were calculated and subgroup analyses were performed for the 15 included studies (N = 58 745) to estimate the effect of possible moderators (sex, age, depression severity). Obesity at baseline increased the risk of onset of depression at follow-up (unadjusted OR, 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.98; P < .001). This association was more pronounced among Americans than among Europeans (P = .05) and for depressive disorder than for depressive symptoms (P = .05). Overweight increased the risk of onset of depression at follow-up (unadjusted OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.51; P < .01). This association was statistically significant among adults (aged 20-59 years and > or =60 years) but not among younger persons (aged <20 years). Baseline depression (symptoms and disorder) was not predictive of overweight over time. However, depression increased the odds for developing obesity (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.33-1.87; P < .001). Subgroup analyses did not reveal specific moderators of the association. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirms a reciprocal link between depression and obesity. Obesity was found to increase the risk of depression, most pronounced among Americans and for clinically diagnosed depression. In addition, depression was found to be predictive of developing obesity.
Enhancement of Feedback Congestion Control Mechanisms by Deploying Active Congestion Control

Active networking offers a change in the usual network paradigm: from passive carrier of bits to a more general computing engine. Active networking not only allows the network nodes to perform computations on the data but also allow their users to inject customized programs into the nodes of the network, that may modify, redirect or store the user data flowing through the network. In this thesis, we focus on the benefits of active networking with respect to a problem that is unlikely to disappear in the near future: network congestion. Rather than applying congestion reduction mechanisms generically and broadly, we discuss the mechanism that allows each application to specify how losses to its data should occur in a controlled fashion. Congestion is a prime candidate for active networking, since it is specifically an intra-network event and is potentially far removed from the application. Further, the time that is required for congestion notification information to propagate back to the sender limits the speed with which an application can selfregulate to reduce congestion. In this thesis, we propose a model for Active Congestion control, using active queue management. The SPIN verifier is used to check the correctness and completeness of the specification.
Molecular Tools for Detection Human Papillomavirus

More than 100 HPV types have been identified and about 40 types can infect the genital tract. Worldwide, HPV 16 is the most common high-risk type, present in 50%, followed by HPV 18, present in 14% of cervical cancers [9]. Same types of HPV were more frequent in malignant than in benign lesions, and infection with high-risk types of HPV is now considered the major risk factor for the development of cancer of the uterine cervix [1].
Spatial Navigation and APOE in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: The effect of APOE Ε4 allele (Ε4) on spatial navigation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is unknown. Objective: Our purpose was to examine the characteristics of spatial navigation impairment in Ε4-positive (Ε4+) and Ε4-negative (Ε4–) aMCI subgroups. Methods: Blood samples were collected to determine the APOE genotype. A total of 34 aMCI patients were stratified into aMCI-Ε4– (n = 23) and aMCI-Ε4+ (n = 11) groups. Control (n = 28) and mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n = 16) groups were also used. We used a human analogue of the Morris water maze (enclosed arena 2.9 m in diameter) to examine body-centered (egocentric) and world-centered (allocentric) spatial navigation. Results: The aMCI-Ε4+ group performed poorer on spatial navigation than the aMCI-Ε4– group in both egocentric and allocentric tasks even though these 2 groups did not differ in global cognitive functioning or neuropsychological tests. The aMCI-Ε4+ and mild AD groups performed similarly on all Morris Water Maze tasks and were outperformed by the aMCI-Ε4– group, which also resembled the control group in performance on the egocentric tasks. The aMCI groups showed poor spatial navigation learning regardless of their Ε4 positivity. Conclusion: We found more profound deficits in spatial navigation in aMCI-Ε4+ relative to aMCI-Ε4– patients. The aMCI-Ε4+ group resembled the mild AD group in spatial navigation performance. Although the Ε4 genotype was indicative of spatial navigation performance, it was not indicative of the aMCI patients’ ability to learn the tasks. Spatial navigation testing represents a promising area with respect to identifying individuals at higher risk for AD among the heterogeneous MCI population.
Domain-specific library generation for parallel software and hardware platforms

We overview a library generation framework called Spiral. For the domain of linear transforms, Spiral automatically generates implementations for parallel platforms including SIMD vector extensions, multicore processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and FPGA accelerated processors. The performance of the generated code is competitive with the best available hand-written libraries.
Short‐term natural attenuation of copper in soils: Effects of time, temperature, and soil characteristics

Natural attenuation of metals added to soils refers to the processes by which the mobility and bioavailability/toxicity of the added metals decline with time. In this paper, we used isotopic dilution techniques to investigate the short‐term (30 d) natural attenuation of Cu added to 19 European soils at two effective concentrations shown to inhibit plant (tomato) growth by 10 and 90%. The results showed that the lability of Cu added to soils rapidly decreased after addition, especially in the soils with pH > 6.0, followed by a slow decrease in Cu lability. The lability of Cu added to soils also decreased with increasing incubation temperature. The activation energies and the apparent diffusion rate coefficients for the attenuation processes were 33 to 36 kJ/mol and 0.66 to 20.9 × 10−10/s at 20°C, respectively, and were consistent with Cu diffusion in meso‐ and micropores. The attenuation of Cu lability was modeled on the basis of three processes: precipitation/nucleation of Cu on soil surfaces, Cu occlusion within organic matter, and diffusion of Cu into micropores. The soil and environmental factors governing attenuation rates were soil pH, organic matter content, incubation time, and temperature. Soil pH is the key factor for natural attenuation of Cu added to soils. The model can be used to scale ecotoxicological data generated from different soils and under different incubation times and temperatures.
Ca2+ fluxes and channel regulation in rods of the albino rat

By use of microelectrodes, changes in the receptor current and the Ca2+ concentration were measured in the rod layer of the rat retina after stimulation by flashes or steady light. Thereby light induced Ca2+ sources, and sinks along a rod were determined in dependence of time. Thus, the Ca2+ fluxes across the plasma membrane of a mammalian rod could be studied in detail. By light stimulation, Ca2+ sources are evoked along the outer segment only. Immediately after a saturating flash, a maximum of Ca2+ efflux is observed which decays exponentially with tau = 0.3 s at 37 degrees C (4.2 s at 23 degrees C). During regeneration of the dark current, the outer segment acts as a Ca2+ sink, indicating a restoration of the Ca(2+)-depleted outer segment. These findings agree with earlier reports on amphibian rods. Further experiments showed that the peak Ca2+ efflux and tau are temperature dependent. The peak amplitude also depends on the external Ca2+ concentration. In contrast to the reports on amphibian rods, only a part of the Ca2+ ions extruded from the outer segment is directly restored. Surprisingly, during steady light the Ca2+ efflux approaches a permanent residual value. Therefore, in course of a photoresponse, Ca2+ must be liberated irreversibly from internal Ca2+ stores. There is certain evidence that the inner segment acts as a Ca2+ store. Our results show that the Ca2+ fraction of the ions carrying the dark current is proportional to the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. This indicates that the Ca2+ permeability of the plasma membrane of the rod outer segment is independent of the Ca2+ concentration.
Coordinated motion planning: the warehouseman's problem with constraints on free space

The warehouseman's problem, namely, the coordinated motion planning for multiple independent objects confined in a room, is addressed. Several constraints are presented under which the problem becomes tractable, and polynomial time algorithms that guarantee a coordinated rearrangement under the given conditions are obtained. The concept of temporary storage space (TSS) is introduced as a general way of constraining free space. Each algorithm presented has a different set of constraints on the possible sizes and/or relative placements of the square blocks. For each case, an adequate TSS is proposed that guarantees rearrangement of n blocks through algorithms having O(n/sup 2/) running time. The practical utility of the presented techniques is also discussed in the light of the complexity of motion coordination. >
AgBase: a unified resource for functional analysis in agriculture

Analysis of functional genomics (transcriptomics and proteomics) datasets is hindered in agricultural species because agricultural genome sequences have relatively poor structural and functional annotation. To facilitate systems biology in these species we have established the curated, web-accessible, public resource ‘AgBase’ (). We have improved the structural annotation of agriculturally important genomes by experimentally confirming the in vivo expression of electronically predicted proteins and by proteogenomic mapping. Proteogenomic data are available from the AgBase proteogenomics link. We contribute Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and we provide a two tier system of GO annotations for users. The ‘GO Consortium’ gene association file contains the most rigorous GO annotations based solely on experimental data. The ‘Community’ gene association file contains GO annotations based on expert community knowledge (annotations based directly from author statements and submitted annotations from the community) and annotations for predicted proteins. We have developed two tools for proteomics analysis and these are freely available on request. A suite of tools for analyzing functional genomics datasets using the GO is available online at the AgBase site. We encourage and publicly acknowledge GO annotations from researchers and provide an online mechanism for agricultural researchers to submit requests for GO annotations.