Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subgrade soil index properties to estimate resilient modulus for pavement design

Mechanistic pavement design procedures based on elastic layer theory require characterization of each material in the pavement structure in terms of elastic moduli. Repeated triaxial load tests on cylindrical disturbed/undisturbed samples, yielding a resilient modulus, are frequently used for characterizing subgrade soil. Because of the complexities encountered with the test, in-situ and other laboratory tests would be desirable if a reliable correlation can be established. Relying on data from two-field test programs, correlation equations to predict M R for fine- and coarse-grained (sandy) soils are proposed in this paper. Twelve test sections reflecting a range of typical subgrade soil materials of Mississippi are selected and tested. Undisturbed samples are extracted and tested in a repeated triaxial machine for M R, employing AASHTO TP46-94 protocol. Other soil index properties are also determined, facilitating soil classification according to AASHTO procedure. The results suggest two relations—one for fine-grain and another for coarse-grained (sandy) soil—in correlating laboratory M R to soil index properties. These models include the most relevant factors that influence M R values. For model verification, an independent set of data is used, observing good comparison between actual and predicted moduli. These models with the soil properties included could be used in levels 2 and 3 in the new 2002 AASHTO Design Guide substituting other empirical correlations (level 2) and the use of modulus typical values (level 3).
Adding Semantics to Web Services Standards

With the increasing growth in popularity of Web services, discovery of relevant Web services becomes a significant challenge. One approach is to develop semantic Web services where by the Web services are annotated based on shared ontologies, and use these annotations for semantics-based discovery of relevant Web services. We discuss one such approach that involves adding semantics to WSDL using DAML+OIL ontologies. Our approach also uses UDDI to store these semantic annotations and search for Web services based on them. We compare our approach with another initiative to add semantics to support Web service discovery, and show how our approach may fit current standards-based industry approach better.
LDF™ Thermoplastic Composites Technology

Recent developments of the innovative LDF™ thermoplastic composites technology are reviewed with emphasis on discussion of the technology's fundamental basis and composites' property performance. The proprietary technology employs reinforce ment of long, aligned discontinuous fibers including carbon, Kevlar® or glass. Fabrication processes such as stretch forming and press forming can be employed in fabrication of LDF™ composite parts. The LDF™ composites technology is cost effective for manu facturing complex-shaped parts of aerospace structures. LDF™ composites show ex cellent mechanical properties comparable to that of the continuous fiber reinforced counterpart, since the reinforcing long fibers with thermoplastic matrix are well aligned. Mechanical test results with various LDF™ composites confirm the fundamental theory for non-continuous fiber reinforcement describing critical fiber length necessary to achieve efficient average stress transfer in a composite. The mechanical and other relevant property data are discussed for performance compar ison of LDF™ AS-4/PEKK or Kevlar®/PEKK composite material systems relative to the matched continuous fiber reinforced composites. Potential application of LDF™ ther moplastic composites technology for high performance aerospace structural parts are discussed with demonstration of thermoplastic wing ribs fabricated for V-22 tiltrotor air craft.
Articulation Work Supporting Information Infrastructure Design: Coordination, Categorization, and Assessment in Practice

Articulation work is a critical factor in information infrastructure building projects that involve multiple and diverse communities. It brings awareness of language differences, ramifications of definition and use of categories, as well as other coordination mechanisms. Articulation work is of particular relevance to scientific endeavors that have broadened in the past decade to encompass global scale research and now require collaborative arrangements to handle complex interdependent elements. Our interdisciplinary research team joined with the long term ecological research (LTER) community of information managers recently to develop articulation work in selected activities. Through this partnership, initial activities and approaches in the articulation process are considered along with language and category uses pertinent to four main concepts (infrastructure, representation, design and mediation). Coordination mechanisms developed and employed over the last year as means for articulation work include dialogue mediation, co-design activities, and category elaboration in addition to traditional and emergent forms of assessment
A geometric procedure for the reduced-state-space quantisation of constrained systems

AbstractWe propose in this paper a new method for the quantisation of sys-tems with ﬁrst-class constraints. This method is a combination of thecoherent-state-path-integral quantisation developed by Klauder, with theideas of reduced state space quantisation. The key idea is that the physi-cal Hilbert space may be deﬁned by a coherent-state path-integral on thereduced state space and that the metric on the reduced state space thatis necessary for the regularisation of the path-integral may be computedfrom the geometry of the classical reduction procedure. We provide anumber of examples–notably the relativistic particle. Finally we discussthe quantisation of systems, whose reduced state space has orbifold-likesingularities. 1 Introduction There exist many approaches for the quantisation of systems with (ﬁrst-class)constraints. They fall essentially into two categories, according to whether theyimplement the constraints before or after quantisation. In the ﬁrst categorylie schemes that attempt to quantise directly the reduced state space of a con-strained system. Schemes of the second category are exempliﬁed by Dirac quan-tisation: one quantises the theory before the imposition of the constraints andidentiﬁes the Hilbert space for the physical degrees of freedom as the zero-eigenspace of a quantum operator that represents the constraint.The presentpaper proposesa variationofthe Reduced State Space Quantisa-tion scheme. It is based upon coherent-state-path-integral quantisation schememethod, which has been developed by Klauder [1, 2]. In this method the onlyinput necessary for the quantisation of a classical symplectic manifold Γ is the
Replication and meta-analysis of 13,000 cases defines the risk for interleukin-23 receptor and autophagy-related 16-like 1 variants in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Variants in the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) and the autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) genes have been associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease (CD). Both genes were identified through genome-wide association scans and subsequent studies have validated these associations. To assess the effect size of these variants, an independent case-control association study and meta-analysis were performed. METHODS British Caucasian subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (n=500) and 877 ethnically matched controls were genotyped for the disease-associated variants in IL23R and ATG16L1. In addition, meta-analyses of 12,991 patients and 14,598 controls, and 11,909 patients and 15,798 controls, were conducted on independently published data for the associations between IL23R and ATG16L1 variants and CD, respectively. RESULTS In the present cohort, both susceptibility variants showed highly significant associations, including IL23R (rs11209026, P=0.0006; OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.67) and ATG16L1 (rs2241880, P=0.0017; OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.66). The meta-analysis based on the random effects model showed similar combined effects for rs11209026 (n=26, OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.46) and rs2241880 (n=25, OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.39). There was no statistically significant gene-gene interaction between caspase recruitment domain (CARD15) variants and the IL23R or ATG16L1 polymorphisms (P=0.44 and P=0.24, respectively). CONCLUSION The present cohort and meta-analysis provides strong evidence that, in addition to CARD15, polymorphisms in both IL23R and ATG16L1 alter susceptibility to CD and that these effects are consistent across all populations of European ancestry; however, only ATG16L1 is relevant to inflammatory bowel disease in the Asian population.
Induced L2 Norm Improvement by Interpolating Controllers for Discrete-time LPV Systems

The paper shows an interpolation-based control solution asapossible technique to formulate the constrained H∞ control problem for discrete-time linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. The control policy is constructed by interpolating amongapriori designed, unconstrained, constant, state feedback controllers. Invariant set theory is used to introduce the measure of the domain of applicability. It is shown that the `trade-off' between the performance and the size of the domain of applicability can be significantly reduced by controller interpolation. Hence, the interpolation-based controller becomes applicable overamuch larger region than any other single state feedback. The proposed method gives stabilizing solution not only under hard constraints, but also allows the online modification of the induced L² norm from the generalized disturbance input to the predefined performance output. Moreover, the suggested method can be applied in real-time environment.
Approximate logic synthesis for error tolerant applications

Error tolerance formally captures the notion that - for a wide variety of applications including audio, video, graphics, and wireless communications - a defective chip that produces erroneous values at its outputs may be acceptable, provided the errors are of certain types and their severities are within application-specified thresholds. All previous research on error tolerance has focused on identifying such defective but acceptable chips during post-fabrication testing to improve yield. In this paper, we explore a completely new approach to exploit error tolerance based on the following observation: If certain deviations from the nominal output values are acceptable, then we can exploit this flexibility during circuit design to reduce circuit area and delay as well as to increase yield. The specific metric of error tolerance we focus on is error rate, i.e., how often the circuit produces erroneous outputs. We propose a new logic synthesis approach for the new problem of identifying how to exploit a given error rate threshold to maximally reduce the area of the synthesized circuit. Experiment results show that for an error rate threshold within 1%, our approach provides 9.43% literal reductions on average for all the benchmarks that we target.
Large Scale Business Discovery from Street Level Imagery

Search with local intent is becoming increasingly useful due to the popularity of the mobile device. The creation and maintenance of accurate listings of local businesses worldwide is time consuming and expensive. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically discover businesses that are visible on street level imagery. Precise business store front detection enables accurate geo-location of businesses, and further provides input for business categorization, listing generation, etc. The large variety of business categories in different countries makes this a very challenging problem. Moreover, manual annotation is prohibitive due to the scale of this problem. We propose the use of a MultiBox based approach that takes input image pixels and directly outputs store front bounding boxes. This end-to-end learning approach instead preempts the need for hand modeling either the proposal generation phase or the post-processing phase, leveraging large labelled training datasets. We demonstrate our approach outperforms the state of the art detection techniques with a large margin in terms of performance and run-time efficiency. In the evaluation, we show this approach achieves human accuracy in the low-recall settings. We also provide an end-to-end evaluation of business discovery in the real world.
Biosynthesis and Toxicological Effects of Patulin

Patulin is a toxic chemical contaminant produced by several species of mold, especially within Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys. It is the most common mycotoxin found in apples and apple-derived products such as juice, cider, compotes and other food intended for young children. Exposure to this mycotoxin is associated with immunological, neurological and gastrointestinal outcomes. Assessment of the health risks due to patulin consumption by humans has led many countries to regulate the quantity in food. A full understanding of the molecular genetics of patulin biosynthesis is incomplete, unlike other regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, trichothecenes and fumonisins), although the chemical structures of patulin precursors are now known. The biosynthetic pathway consists of approximately 10 steps, as suggested by biochemical studies. Recently, a cluster of 15 genes involved in patulin biosynthesis was reported, containing characterized enzymes, a regulation factor and transporter genes. This review includes information on the current understanding of the mechanisms of patulin toxinogenesis and summarizes its toxicological effects.
Presence of a nucleus or nucleus‐deriving factors is indispensable for the formation of the spindle, the diastema and the cleavage furrow in the blastomere of the Xenopus embryo

The present study examines the indispensability of a nucleus or nucleus‐deriving factors in the induction of cleavage in Xenopus eggs by testing cleavage in Xenopus eggs fertilized with ultraviolet (UV)‐damaged sperm and deprived of the female nucleus. These eggs, which contain only one UV‐damaged nucleus with one set of centrioles, undergo unique cleavages. Cleavage takes place in only one of the two blastomeres formed by the immediately preceding cleavage. Histologically, only one nucleus, which does not appear to be organized into typical chromosomes, is found in one of the two blastomeres formed by the immediately preceding cleavage. The typical bipolar spindle and the diastema, or a slit of astral rays, are formed in the blastomere that contains the nucleus. By contrast, only asters lacking the spindle and the diastema are formed in the remaining blastomeres, which do not contain a nucleus. The same results are obtained in eggs that contain two UV‐damaged nuclei with one set of centrioles. In these eggs, cleavage appears to occur in one or two blastomeres that contain either or both of the nuclei and one bipolar spindle. In eggs that contain one intact and one UV‐damaged nuclei, cleavage takes place quite normally with each blastomere containing one nucleus or one set of chromosomes as well as one bipolar spindle. Thus, there is a very close correlation between the presence of a nucleus and the formation of the mitotic spindle, the diastema and the cleavage furrow in the blastomeres of Xenopus embryos. We conclude that the presence of a nucleus or nucleus‐deriving factors is indispensable for the formation of the bipolar spindle, the diastema and the cleavage furrow in the blastomeres of the Xenopus embryos.
The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 cip1 Mediates the Growth Inhibitory Effect of Phorbol Esters in Human Venous Endothelial Cells*

Long-term application of the phorbol ester phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) inhibits the proliferation of human venous endothelial cells. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 cip1 is a potential candidate mediating the PDBu-induced delayed entry of the cells into S-phase (by ∼10 h when compared with cells stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)). Levels of p21 cip1 (protein and mRNA) rapidly rise (within ∼2 h) in endothelial cells treated with the active isomer β-PDBu, but not with α-PDBu; this effect is blocked by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (Mek1) inhibitor PD098059 and by the protein kinase C (PKC) antagonists GF109203X and rottlerin (selective for PKC-δ), but not Gö 6976 (selective for Ca2+-dependent PKC isoforms). Rapamycin blocks the PDBu-induced accumulation of p21 cip1 (but not of the cognate mRNA), indicating an action of PKC on p21 cip1 mRNA translation. If endothelial cells are recruited into the cell cycle by bFGF, p21 cip1 mRNA and protein levels rise initially (within 2 h) and decline subsequently such that p21 cip1 drops to a minimum prior to the initiation of DNA synthesis (i.e. after ∼12 h). In bFGF-stimulated cells, changes in p21 cip1 mRNA and protein are strictly linked. In contrast, the levels of p21 cip1 mRNA decline substantially (>10 h) before the protein decreases in PDBu-stimulated cells. Thus, PKC (presumably PKC-δ) regulates the amounts of p21 cip1 in endothelial cells at the level of mRNA accumulation and translation, leading to a rapid and robust induction; following persistent PKC activation, p21 cip1 remains elevated despite reduced mRNA levels, indicating an enhanced stability of the protein. The bFGF-mediated increase in p21 cip1 is blocked by the Mek1 inhibitor, but not by GF109203X; hence, in endothelial cells, induction of p21 cip1 by PKC- and growth factor-dependent signaling is achieved by distinct pathways that converge and require activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. The β-PDBu-induced delayed S-phase entry and drop in p21 cip1 are reversed if GF109203X is added 4 h after β-PDBu to prevent persistent PKC activation. These observations indicate a cause and effect relation between sustained p21 cip1 elevations and the delay in S-phase entry induced by β-PDBu.
Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (CPBC): Development, Commercialization and Future Challenges

The first generation of synthetic bone substitute materials, hydroxyapatite (or HA), was initially investigated as a “non self-hardening” biomaterial for remodeling of bone defects. CPBCs concepts were used as a platform to initiate a second generation of injectable, self-hardening cement. The variety of CPBC’s chemical composition leads to a better understanding of their mechanism of reaction and their proposed classification: acid-base, mono-component and hydrolysable. After hydration, mixing, and full chemical reaction, these cements have the ability to precipitate different end products (e.g. HA, calcium deficient apatite, carbonated apatite, brushite, etc.). In fact, the initial idea of having higher mechanical performance (>50 MPa in compression) for a bone void filler application was abandoned and has led to a greater focus on cement fast-hardening (<15 min), higher total porosity (>60%), extended performance of injectability (8 to 22 G), fast resorbability (< 2 years) and user-friendliness for the clinicians. A new CPBC combination (cement plus additives) has particularly improved rheological and biointegrity performance. A hybrid of CPBC-DBM (Demineralized Bone Matrix) has also added an osteoinductivity performance to the initial osteoconductive CPBC.This paper will propose a comparison of the chemical composition, reaction, and performance characteristics of major commercially available CPBC products. Furthermore, it will describe today’s surgeon’s CPBC needs as bone substitute materials for different clinical applications. Finally, we will discuss what we learned so far, how we can resolve several clinical impacts & product recall, and how we believe CPBC designers can meet development challenges, and users’ specific requirements.
A practical approach to the treatment of vasospasm.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm remains a devastating disease (1–8). In as many as one third of survivors, symptomatic vasospasm poses a significant clinical problem that can result in aphasia, hemiparesis, coma, and even death (4, 6, 9). Over the past decade, progress has been made in the treatment of vasospasm through the use of endovascular techniques. Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty and intraarterial papaverine infusion have been effective in some patients (10–19). The clinical effectiveness of angioplasty has been noted in several published series (10, 11, 13, 15). It can restore neurologic function impaired by vasospasm. A report of patients presenting with proved symptomatic vasospasm and an unclipped but ruptured aneurysm described that urgent surgical obliteration of the aneurysm followed by immediate postoperative angioplasty improved outcome in 80% (20). Other studies in several patients with clipped aneurysms and significant vasospasm recommend early and aggressive angioplasty (12, 21). Despite these reports, timely angioplasty is an underused technique, perhaps in part because of the reluctance of many neuroradiologists to offer and perform angioplasty for vasospasm. This paper describes our approach to the endovascular treatment of vasospasm. The specific nature of the description is not meant to imply that it is the only safe and reasonable approach. Rather, it is intended to provide practical and detailed information to those who want to perform these procedures.
Influence of silicon, aluminium, phosphorus and boron on hot ductility of TRansformation Induced Plasticity assisted steels

Abstract The hot ductility of steels having high aluminium or phosphorus contents, which are currently being considered as possible replacements for the conventional high silicon TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel, has been examined. Tensile specimens were cast in situ and tested in the temperature range 750 - 1000 ° C at a strain rate of 3 × 10-3 s-1. The ductility trough for the conventional high silicon TRIP steel was controlled by the austenite - ferrite transformation, intergranular failure occurring when a thin band of the softer ferrite phase formed around the austenite grains. Void formation at the sulphides situated in the soft ferrite at the boundaries then occurred, and the strain concentrated locally there. The thin bands of ferrite were deformation induced and, as such, formed at temperatures above Ar 3 and could form at as high a temperature as Ae 3. Adding ferrite formers such as silicon, phosphorus and aluminium increased the Ae 3 temperature and thus widened the trough. The high aluminium (2%) TRIP steel exhibited good ductility throughout the temperature range examined, since large amounts of ferrite were always present, preventing strain concentration, and the AlN particles were too coarse to influence the hot ductility. In contrast, the 1%Al containing steel gave poor ductility below 850 ° C, the band of strain induced ferrite being extremely thin. The ductility trough in the titanium containing high phosphorus steel was poor, owing to fine precipitation of TiN. Adding boron to the steel and reducing the manganese content from 1.4 to 1% resulted in better ductility. Generally, the TRIP type steels had superior ductility to the conventional niobium containing high strength low alloy steel.
On the Shape of the Leaves

In this paper, we study the shape of the leaves. More specifically, we show that leaf shapes are affected by genes and external environment in different species; and affected by leaf vein and leaf distribution In the same species. Based on shape features, color features and vein features, a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) Model is established by using Polar Fourier Transform. Finally, our experimental test shows that the total classification accuracy is 85.7%.