Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Floating and Queuing Strategies: Consequences for Density Dependence and Habitat Loss

Field studies of many vertebrates show that some individuals (floaters) do not defend territories even when there is space for them to do so. We show that the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for the threshold territory quality at which floating takes place is that which maximizes the size of the floating population (but not the total population, breeding population, or reproductive output). The ESS is solved separately for two assumptions: whether individuals wait to occupy a single territory or multiple territories and whether queuing rules are strict or if all waiting individuals are equally likely to obtain the next territory. The four combinations of these assumptions all give the same evolutionarily stable population size of both floaters and breeders. At the ESS, only territories with expected lifetime reproductive success (LRS) exceeding 1 should be occupied, which introduces a limit to ideal habitat selection. The behavioral decision to float alters the shape of the density‐dependent response, reduces the equilibrium population size, and affects the response of the population to habitat loss. Specifically, the floater: breeder ratio is directly related to average breeding habitat quality, and the floater population size will decrease more than the breeding population size if better than average quality habitat is lost.
Does the shunt type determine mid-term outcome after Norwood operation?

OBJECTIVES With improved short-term outcomes the right ventricular to pulmonary artery shunt (Sano) has become the preferred pulmonary blood source in the Norwood procedure in many centres. However, most studies analysed consecutive cohorts, with a first modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (BT) followed by the Sano cohort. Besides, neither comprehensive preoperative risk analysis nor outcome beyond 1 year of age was investigated. METHODS This study reviews 109 neonates undergoing the Norwood procedure in the same interval between October 2002 and December 2009. The Sano (38) or BT shunt (71) was assigned according to the surgeon's preference. Two neonates subsequently underwent successful biventricular repair and were excluded. The Aristotle comprehensive score (ACS) was used to evaluate preoperative risk, with high-risk patients (n = 39) classified as having an ACS ≥ 20, and low-risk patients (n = 68) given an ACS <20. RESULTS Mean Aristotle score at the Norwood operation was 18.8 ± 0.4 and 18.9 ± 0.3 (P = 0.9) in Sano and BT, respectively. Mean follow-up interval was 4.1 ± 2.1 years (range: 1.7-8.9 years). Actuarial survival was similar, stabilizing from the 8th postoperative month onwards at 78.6 ± 4.9% (95% CI: 67.0-86.5%) for Sano and 78.4 ± 6.8% (95% CI: 61.4-88.6%) for BT; P = 0.95. Midterm actuarial survival was higher in low-risk patients, 88.2 ± 3.9% (95% CI: 77.8-93.9%) than in high-risk patients: 61.5 ± 7.8% (95% CI: 44.5-74.7%, P = 0.0003). No survival benefit was detected in low- or high-risk cases for either shunt type. Risk factors for midterm mortality were cardiorespiratory failure requiring ventilation (13/34, P = 0.004), and ACS ≥ 20 (15/39, P = 0.001), but not shunt type (8/37, P = 0.95). Increased number of shunt-related interventions before the Glenn procedure were noted with Sano (32.4 versus 6.5%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative risk factors, regardless of shunt type, influence midterm survival after the Norwood procedure with an excellent outcome in low-risk patients, while high-risk cases still incur a significant mortality. Sano shunt interventions occurred with increased numbers. Although, Sano shunt may be the only feasible option in some instances, given the possible negative effects of ventriculotomy on right ventricle function, the widespread use of Sano shunt should be reconsidered.
Trophic Effects of the Cyclooxygenase-2 Product Prostaglandin E2 in Cardiac Myocytes

Interleukin-1&bgr; (IL-1&bgr;), a proinflammatory cytokine, induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes (NVMs), resulting in the preferential production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). To explain the preferential PGE2 release by myocytes, we studied whether its specific synthase, PGE2 synthase (PGES), is also induced by IL-1&bgr;. Because COX-2 has been extensively associated with cell growth, we questioned whether PGE2 plays a role in cardiac cell growth. IL-1&bgr;–treated myocytes showed induction of PGES protein and mRNA by Western blot and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Immunofluorescence studies revealed perinuclear localization of COX-2 and PGES in IL-1&bgr;–treated myocytes. Exogenous PGE2 increased protein synthesis in NVMs, as indicated by a 1.6-fold increase in [3H]leucine incorporation, comparable to the known hypertrophic factor phenylephrine (1.6-fold). Because PGE2 exerts different effects through 4 receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), we investigated whether these receptors are functional in myocytes. Treatment of NVMs with the selective EP1/EP3 agonist sulprostone significantly increased protein synthesis (1.7-fold), whereas the EP1/EP2 antagonist AH6809 blocked this effect by 43%. In contrast, AH6809 had no effect on PGE2-induced protein synthesis. Regarding second messengers, sulprostone had no effect on cAMP, whereas PGE2 increased it. We concluded that (1) PGE2 production requires the induction of its specific synthase; (2) in myocytes, the inducible enzymes COX-2 and PGES are perinuclear; and (3) PGE2 and sulprostone induce cardiac myocyte growth but seem to activate a different subset of EP receptors.
Causality in Performance Measurement Model

Causal relations among performance measures are key features of performance measurement models (PMM), such as the balanced scorecard that has been popularized by Kaplan and Norton [1992, 1996, 2000]. Norreklit [2000], however, cautions that the notion of causality in Kaplan and Norton's balanced scorecard is confused among concepts of (a) empirically refutable causes and effects, (b) internal logic of accounting, and (c) (equi)finality of alternative means and desired ends. Furthermore, Norreklit [2002] suggests that the balanced scorecard's popularity might be due to the persuasiveness of balanced scorecard-inspired rhetoric rather than its demonstrable cause and effect nature. Because causal relations are important to the validity and perhaps the viability of PMM, this study investigates causality within a PMM that is similar to "the balanced scorecard. " This study addresses two research questions about causality in the context of one organization's enduring and reportedly successful PMM. The first question is: Are causal relations perceived by the designers and users of the PMM? The second question is: Are valid causal relations apparent in PMM archival data? This study discusses three reasons for the importance of separating cause-and-effect relations from logical and finality relations within PMM. First, a reliable, predictive financial model requires measurement of leading and lagging cause-and-effect relations among performance outcomes at different links in the value chain. Second, consistency between empirically established cause-and-effect and finality relations can improve organizational communication and learning. Third, cause-and-effect relations that are understood, communicated, and made part of an incentive system can improve the effectiveness of motivation and incentives. The study first uses qualitative analyses of interview data to demonstrate evidence of perceptions of cause-and-effect, logical, and finality relations by employees at several levels in the firm. The study then uses econometric analyses of performance data to refute claims of causal relations among performance measures. The findings support the primacy of logical and finality relations championed by top management as drivers of the design and use of the PMM. This raises the question of whether a PMM without reliable cause-and-effect relations can serve purposes of financial prediction, learning, communication, and motivation. If not, perhaps logical and finality relations are sufficient to make a PMM successful in practice. Alternatively, more attention to measurement and PMM construction might be warranted.
The Hyper Tableaux Calculus with Equality and an Application to Finite Model Computation

In most theorem proving applications, a proper treatment of equational theories or equality is mandatory. In this article we show how to integrate a modern treatment of equality in the hyper tableau calculus. It is based on splitting of positive clauses and an adapted version of the superposition inference rule, where equations used for superposition are drawn (only) from a set of positive unit clauses, and superposition inferences into positive literals is restricted into (positive) unit clauses only. The calculus also features a generic, semantically justified simplification rule which covers many redundancy elimination techniques known from superposition theorem proving. Our main results are soundness and completeness of the calculus, but we also show how to apply the calculus for finite model computation, and we briefly describe the implementation.
Peritoneal tumor spread in serous ovarian cancer-epithelial mesenchymal status and outcome

In this study we aimed to analyze the biological mechanisms underlying apparently different modes of peritoneal tumor spread in serous ovarian cancer: miliary (widespread, millet-like lesions) versus non-miliary (bigger, exophytically growing implants). Tumor tissues and ascites from 23 chemotherapy naive patients were analyzed by RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry. On the basis of differential gene expression between miliary and non-miliary, gene signatures were developed. A calculated tumor spread factor revealed a significant independent negative impact of miliary spread on overall survival (HR 3.77; CI95 1.14–12.39; p = 0.029) in an independent cohort of 165 serous ovarian cancer patients. Comparing previously published epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signatures, non-miliary spread correlated significantly with a reduced epithelial status. We conclude that serous ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct modes of peritoneal tumor spread, differing not only in clinical appearance, but also in molecular characteristics and outcome. EMT, peritoneal inflammation status, and therapeutic options are discussed. Significance More than half of serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients present with a newly described type of intraperitoneal tumor spread, associated with differences in the inflammation status, activated oncogenic pathways, lack of EMT, and thus reduced overall survival. Both, the diminished immune reaction and the enhanced epithelial and malignant characteristics of the tumor cells open new avenues for therapeutic options and strategies, like Catumaxomab, already in clinical use.
Chandra Detection of Local Warm-Hot Gas toward Markarian 279

We report the Chandra detection of O VII Kα absorption at z = 0 in the direction of the z = 0.03 Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 279. The high-velocity cloud Complex C lies along this line of sight, with H I 21 cm emission and O VI λ1032 absorption both observed at velocities of roughly-150 km s-1 relative to the local standard of rest. We present an improved method for placing limits on the Doppler parameter and column density of a medium when only one unresolved line can be measured; this method is applied to the O VII absorption seen here, indicating that the O VII Doppler parameter is inconsistent with that of any low-velocity (Galactic thick disk) or high-velocity O VI [(O VI)HV] component. Direct association of the O VII with the (O VI)HV is further ruled out by the high temperatures required to produce the observed (O VI)HV/O VII ratio and the significant velocity difference between the O VII and (O VI)HV lines. If the O VII absorption is associated with a very broad, undetected O VI component, then the absorption must be broadened by primarily nonthermal processes. The large velocity dispersion and possible slight redshift of the O VII absorption (as well as limits on the absorber's temperature and density) may be indicative of a local intergalactic medium origin, although absorption from a hot, low-density Galactic corona cannot be ruled out.
All-MOS charge redistribution analog-to-digital conversion techniques. I

Describes a technique for performing A/D conversion compatibly with standard single-channel MOS technology. The use of a binary weighted capacitor array to perform a high-speed, successive approximation conversion is discussed. The technique provides an inherent sample/hold function and can accept both polarities of inputs with a single positive reference. The factors limiting the accuracy and conversion rate of the technique are considered analytically. Experimental results from a monolithic prototype are presented; a resolution of 10 bits was achieved with a conversion time of 23 /spl mu/s. The estimated die size for a completely monolithic version is 8000 mil/SUP 2/.
The Research and Design of High Reliability Routing Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network in Coal Mine

Wireless Sensor network (WSN) is a novel technology in acquiring and processing information and has been an active research area in recent years. In this paper, firstly, a high reliability routing protocol is designed which is able to rapidly detect the change of topological and routing information of network, choose the best route, recover route when some nodes damaged. Secondly, the basic information table created for each node which makes routing recovery simple and easy to be realized. Finally, to evaluate the routing protocol scalability and reliability, a large-scale simulation based on the data collected from the prototype experiment conducted.
Prognostic implications of intraventricular conduction delays in a general population: The Health 2000 Survey

Abstract Aims. We examined the prognostic impact of eight different intraventricular conduction delays (IVCD) in the standard electrocardiogram (ECG) in a community cohort. Methods and results. Data were collected from 6299 Finnish individuals. During a mean 8.2 years (interquartile range 8.1 to 8.3) of follow-up 640 subjects died (10.2%); 277 (4.4%) were cardiovascular deaths. For both sexes, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was higher in subjects with IVCD than in those without. In Cox regression analysis after adjustment for age and gender, the hazard ratio for cardiovascular mortality for non-specific IVCD was 4.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95–9.26, P < 0.0001) and for left bundle branch block (LBBB) 2.11 (95% CI 1.31–3.41, P = 0.002). Right bundle branch block (RBBB) was not related to additional mortality, while incomplete RBBB (IRBBB) presented a hazard ratio of 2.24 (95% CI 1.064–4.77, P = 0.036). Conclusions. In the general population, non-specific IVCD, LBBB, and IRBBB were associated with increased relative risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. RBBB did not have an impact on cardiovascular mortality either in subjects with or without previous heart disease.
Comparative analysis of spatial interpolation methods of different field measurements for cognitive radio

Spectrum has become one of the essential needs of living in the modern world. However, the emerging needs in wireless communications is making the spectrum congested, and hence there might be a scarcity of spectrum in future. Cognitive Radio (CR) is a niche technology to increase the effective utilization of spectrum by the opportunistic usage of idle spectrum resource dynamically. To evaluate different spatial interpolation techniques, the data used in this paper is from the field measurements from Wise-Project Measurement Report: “PMSE Protection Measurements in Helsinki City Theatre” and applied interpolation techniques in ARCGIS software such as Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Theissen or Voronoi interpolation, ordinary, universal and indicator kriging. Accuracy in estimation is measured using cross validation of root mean square error [RMSE], and it is used for the comparison of interpolation methods applied to the field measurement data.
Friendly but not Friends: Designing for Spaces Between Friendship and Unfamiliarity

While urban life requires us to maintain a healthy social distance and anonymity from others, a recurring design goal has been to push against this anonymity and assist in the formation of communities. In contrast, our aim in this paper is to design for keeping others at a comfortable distance, without seeming rude or uncongenial. Building on findings from 20 interviews and two design workshops, we present three design explorations that illustrate opportunities to support a sense of friendly connection in local, communal spaces, without promoting the formation of friendship or other long-term engagements, or requiring the effort and commitment they would necessarily demand.
Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood.

Bowlby (1969/1982, 1973, 1980) proposed a model of development with clearly articulated implications for psychopathology. According to this model, an infant’s formation of an attachment to a caregiver is a key developmental task that influences not only the child’s representations of self and other, but also strategies for processing attachmentrelated thoughts and feelings. Attachment-related events, such as loss and abuse, lead to modifications in these internal representations and affect a child’s strategies for processing thoughts and feelings. Bowlby (1973, 1980) suggested that when children develop negative representations of themselves or others, or when they adopt strategies for processing attachment-related thoughts and feelings that compromise realistic appraisals, they become more vulnerable to psychopathology. In this chapter, we consider how the quality of an infant’s attachment to his or her caregiver, subsequent attachment-related experiences, and concurrently assessed states of mind with respect to attachment (Main & Goldwyn, 1984; Main, Goldwyn, & Hesse, 2003) may be related to risk for psychopathology or to psychological resilience in adulthood.
Analyse des fusions acquisitions : activisme des investisseurs institutionnels et pouvoir managérial

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser deux mecanismes de la gouvernanced’entreprise. L’activisme des investisseurs institutionnels d’un cote et le pouvoirmanagerial de l’autre sont decryptes dans le but d’etudier leur degre d’influence sur lesdecisions de fusions acquisitions.Une analyse empirique est destinee a etudier l’impact de l’activisme institutionnel sur laperformance des operations de croissance externe et le pouvoir managerial desdirigeants a accomplir ces operations malgre une reaction negative sur le marchefinancier.En mettant en exergue le poids des investisseurs institutionnels face aux decisionsstrategiques de croissance externe, cette recherche permet de mieux cerner le pouvoirdes dirigeants au sein de la gouvernance d’entreprise. En effet, la performance desoperations de fusions acquisitions est l’apanage d’un pouvoir managerial face a uneinfluence institutionnelle.
S fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli bind to primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells but do not induce expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1

We have recently reported an increase of expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 by renal carcinoma cells in response to S fimbriae of Escherichia coli. Now we demonstrate that E. coli expressing S and P fimbriae strongly binds to human proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, in primary and simian virus 40-transfected renal tubular epithelial cells S fimbriae do not enhance the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
Multiple Bytes Differential Fault Analysis on CLEFIA

This paper examines the strength of CLEFIA against multiple bytes differential fault attack. Firstly, it presents the principle of CLEFIA algorithm and differential fault analysis; then, according to injecting faults into the r,r1,r-2 CLEFIA round three conditions, proposes three fault models and corresponding analysis methods; finally, all of the fault model and analysis methods above have been verified through software simulation. Experiment results demonstrate that: CLEFIA is vulnerable to differential fault attack due to its Feistel structure and S-box feature, 5-6,6-8,2 faults are needed to recover CLEFIA-128 based on the three fault models in this paper respectively, multiple byte faults model can greatly improve the attack practicality and even the attack efficiency, and the fault analysis methods in this paper can provide some fault analysis ideas on other block ciphers using S-box
Annex: Maternal anthropometry as a risk predictor of pregnancy outcome: the Nutrition CRSP in Kenya.

Between January 1984 and March 1986 in rural Kenya the Nutrition Collaborative Research and Support Program collected data on at least 247 pregnant women and their infants living on the southeast slope of Mount Kenya to determine whether maternal anthropometry can predict poor pregnancy outcomes. 10% of all newborns were of low birth weight (LBW) 77% and 23% of whom were intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and premature respectively. Women of low weight before and during pregnancy were more likely to have an LBW infant than those of greater weight (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2-9.1). Low fat stores and muscle mass as defined by middle-upper arm circumference (MUAC) during the second and third trimesters also increased the risk of LBW birth (OR = 3.5-12.6). Loss of fat during the third trimester among better nourished mothers indicated that the mothers body used the stores as a source of energy for the fetus resulting in higher birth weights and lengths and infant MUAC. Small maternal height (<154.5 cm) and small MUAC (<24.4-25.3 cm) were risk factors for IUGR (OR for small height = 2.2 and OR for MUAC = 8.4 during pre-pregnancy; 2.5-2.8 during pregnancy). Maternal anthropometry was not a risk predictor for preterm birth. Low maternal height predicted delivery complications but less so than socioeconomic status number of previous stillbirths and parity. A history of previous poor pregnancy outcomes was a significant predictor for a poor outcome in the current pregnancy. Larger and better nourished mothers were able to endure low energy intakes and loss of body fat and protein during pregnancy and lactation than smaller and malnourished mothers. Shorter thinner women with good infant outcomes had higher pregnancy weight gains and less fat loss during late pregnancy and lactation. Maternal pregnancy and lactation weight height BMI and MUAC determined positive infant growth for the first six months of life. Birth weight IUGR and maternal anthropometry can predict infant growth outcomes. The earlier in pregnancy a significant risk of LBW can be detected the earlier an intervention can be initiated.