Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF WESTERN MEDIA AND BODY DISSATISFACTION ON DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS AMONG ADOLESCENT FEMALES IN JORDAN

OF THE THESIS The Impact of Western Media and Body Dissatisfaction on Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviors among Adolescent Females in Jordan by Sarah Catherine Lavoie Master of Public Health with a Concentration in Health Promotion and Behavioral Science San Diego State University, 2014 Desire to attain an idealized figure, as influenced by the media and cultural pressures, has been shown to be associated with disordered eating. Research indicates that body dissatisfaction increases during puberty, and is an important risk factor in the development of disordered eating. Previous research among Jordanian women has indicated that figure ideals are vacillating between traditional, curvaceous body ideals and the Western thin-ideal. Little is known about figure ideals and the impact of Western media on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among adolescent Jordanian females. A total of 199 females age 11 to 17, attending Al-Ahliyyah School for Girls (ASG) in Jordan, took part in the study. The aim of the ASG study was to assess eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, body esteem, and the role of Western media in adolescent girls in one private school via a crosssectional survey. The current study examined the association between body dissatisfaction and Western media on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Body dissatisfaction was measured using Stunkard’s silhouettes, as well as the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA); the impact of Western media was measured by Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ-3); disordered eating attitudes and behaviors were measured by Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). All scales were previously validated in Jordan. Results revealed that participants were predominately of normal weight, perceived themselves as thinner than they were, and desired a slight weight loss to attain the thin-ideal with 53.8% presenting body dissatisfaction. Body image ideals were comparable to those of Westernized nations; yet, they reported neutral levels of body esteem and societal and Western media pressures to achieve a certain body image ideal, and lower than anticipated disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. As expected, bivariate and linear regression analyses identified associations between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Similarly, societal and Western media influences were associated with disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, though only moderately. Tailored educational programs among Jordanian adolescent females are needed to promote healthy weight maintenance and eating practices, as well as to cultivate a healthy and positive body image during puberty when body dissatisfaction often escalates.
LATERAL TRACK CONTROL LAW FOR AEROSONDE UAV

Aerosonde is a small autonomous aircraft (UAV) designed for meteorological sampling along a specified flight plan. This aircraft is currently being used by the Flight Systems Laboratory at the University of Washington as a test-bed for the development of a rapid control-law prototyping platform based on Matlab/Simulink/Real-Time Workshop environment. To accurately track a set of pre-planned flight segments, an automatic lateral-track control law was developed and implemented in Aerosonde I. However, the early design of the lateral track control-law was found to have unsatisfactory tracking performance in the presence of large cross-track distance errors, and/or when the aircraft is pointing away from the desired flight plan segment. The track performance was subsequently improved by the use of complex decision logics imbedded in the custom autopilot software, thereby making the controller unsuitable for future UAV projects. A new nonlinear lateral track control law has been proposed and results are presented in this paper. It will be shown that with the new design which does not require complex switching decision logics, the aircraft is able to stably track a flight plan segment starting from any initial conditions. In high wind situations, lateral tracking and stability are achieved with a modified control law that directly utilizes the wind information. Performance of the overall lateral track control law has been verified in nonlinear flight simulations. Nomenclature UAV Unmanned Air Vehicle GPS Global Positioning System MEX Matlab Executable DOF Degrees of Freedom X track Along-track distance (m) Y track Cross-track distance (m) ˙ X track = dX track /dt Along-track velocity (m/s) ˙ Y track = dY track /dt Cross-track velocity (m/s) U Airspeed (m/s) W Wind speed (m/s) r CMD Yaw-rate command (rad/s) Ψ Aircraft heading (rad) Ψ w Wind direction (rad) Ψ 12 Track line heading (rad) ∆ Discrete-time step (s)
Do Facial Characteristics Influence Acceptance of Health And Safety Messages

Physiognomy is the art of judging temperament and character from outward appearance. The aim of this study was to legitimize the expectations of facial physiognomy in audience interpretation and recall of safety related messages. Mixed methods were utilized to describe and analyse data for free facial and image description and the recall of facts presented in the image testimonial. Facial physiognomy was explored along four dimensions ranging from more trustworthy/less trustworthy and more dominant/less dominant dimensions and these images were introduced along with a printed message on electrical safety (n=100). Remarkable interactions between a source-credibility subscale and perceived dominance scale suggests that there is an innate frame of reference used by humans whereby decision judgments are made based on another person’s facial physiognomy. Furthermore, there is an atypical innate and perhaps evolved, or socialized, response with respect to whether humans will approach or avoid another person based on their facial physiognomy and people do make decision judgments based on dominance, trustworthiness, approach or avoidance behaviour and recall of information differs based on somatic facial characteristics when presented with an avatar of a human face in a workplace safety advertisement. The physiognomic appearance of an endorser can influence the believability and attitude components of potential target audiences; and thus, the impact of the intended message.
No effects of androgen receptor gene CAG and GGC repeat polymorphisms on digit ratio (2D:4D): Meta-analysis

Objectives: A series of meta-analyses assessed whether differentially efficacious variants (CAG and GGC repeat-length polymorphisms) of the human androgen receptor gene are associated with digit ratio (2D:4D), a widely investigated putative pointer to prenatal androgen action. Methods: Extensive literature search strategies identified a maximum of 16 samples (total N = 2157) eligible for meta-analysis. Results: In contrast to a small-sample (N = 50) initial report, widely cited affirmatively in the literature, meta-analysis of the entire retrievable evidence base did not support associations between androgen receptor gene efficacy and 2D:4D. Conclusions: These meta-analytical nil findings, along with several further suggestive strands of evidence consistent with these, undermine one validity claim for 2D:4D as a retrospective pointer to prenatal testosterone action.
Early Events in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer

The majority of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide are attributed to lung cancer. There are more than 90 million smokers in the United States who represent a significant population at elevated risk for lung malignancy. In other epithelial tumors, it has been shown that if neoplastic lesions can be detected and treated at their intraepithelial stage, patient prognosis is significantly improved. Thus, new strategies to detect and treat lung preinvasive lesions are urgently needed in order to decrease the overwhelming public health burden of lung cancer. Limiting these advances is a poor knowledge of the earliest events that underlie lung cancer development and that would constitute markers and targets for early detection and prevention. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of human lung cancer pathogenesis and the molecular pathology of premalignant lung lesions, with a focus on the molecular premalignant field that associates with lung cancer development. Lastly, we highlight new approaches and models to study genome-wide alterations in human lung premalignancy in order to facilitate the discovery of new markers for early detection and prevention of this fatal disease. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 518–27. ©2016 AACR.
Analgesia for pelvic and perineal cancer pain by intrathecal steroid injection

Background: Corticosteroids are used systemically in patients with advanced cancer to alleviate pain. Intrathecal administration of steroids is rarely performed but analgesic effects of intrathecal steroids have been reported in animal studies. We administered betamethasone intrathecally in three cancer patients with uncontrollable pain.
The Survey of SMS Effect on General Health and Quality of Life in People with Diabetes Type 2 Referring to Clinic of 22-Bahman Hospital of Gonabad City in 2011

1. Department of Basic Sciences, Paramedical Faculty, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 2. Department in Clinical Psychology, Gonabad University of Islamic Azad, Gonabad, Iran 3. Department of Midwifery, Nursing &Midwiferyl Faculty, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 4. Department in public health, Department of Medical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
Study on Sub Topic Clustering of Multi-Documents Based on Semi-Supervised Learning

Sub-topic detecting is an important step in the abstracting of multi-documents.This paper describes a new method for sub-topic detecting based on semi-supervised learning:it firstly gets the primal sets of topics by hierarchy clustering,and labels the sentences which have high scores in the topics,then use the method of constrained-kMeans to decide the number of topics(k),and finally get the topic sets by k-Means clustering.The experiment result indicates that its value is stable.
Breviscapine reduces neuronal injury caused by traumatic brain injury insult: partly associated with suppression of interleukin-6 expression

Breviscapine, extracted from the herb Erigeron breviscapus, is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cerebral infarct, and stroke, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. This study established a rat model of traumatic brain injury induced by controlled cortical impact, and injected 75 μg breviscapine via the right lateral ventricle. We found that breviscapine significantly improved neurobehavioral dysfunction at 6 and 9 days after injection. Meanwhile, interleukin-6 expression was markedly down-regulated following breviscapine treatment. Our results suggest that breviscapine is effective in promoting neurological behavior after traumatic brain injury and the underlying molecular mechanism may be associated with the suppression of interleukin-6.
Study of Lipid Peroxidation, Nitric Oxide End Product, and Trace Element Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Complications

Background: Oxidative stress has become a real entity in etiopathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It may result from steady flux of free radicals and lipid peroxides in vivo. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a stable end product of lipid peroxidation. Accumulative evidences suggest that hyperglycemia in Type 2 DM can produce major changes in nitric oxide (NO) production as well as in its action. Alteration in metabolism of trace elements is also observed in DM. Objective: To evaluate oxidative stress, status of NO, and trace elements zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in type 2 DM and to correlate these parameters with disease process. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two cases with diabetes were included in the study, out of which 51 were type 2 DM without any complication and 41 were type 2 DM with complications. Fifty-one nondiabetic healthy controls from hospital staff were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for estimation of fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, trace element status, MDA, and NO. Results: Study revealed a rise in MDA levels in both uncomplicated and complicated cases with diabetes (2.47 ± 0.53, 3.98 ± 0.42 nmol/ml, respectively) as compared to controls (1.43 ± 0.23 nmol/ml), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean levels of NO, Zn, and Mg were significantly lower in both the diabetic groups than the control group (P < 0.05). MDA showed a significant positive correlation with plasma glucose, lipid profile parameters (except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and significant negative correlation with Zn (r = −0.44, P< 0.05) and Mg (r = −0.31, P< 0.05). NO levels were correlated significantly with plasma glucose, dyslipidemia, and HbA1c (P < 0.05). The effects of glycemic status on trace element concentrations were evident from a significant negative correlation between Zn and Mg with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Conclusion: Findings of the present study may establish the role of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, impaired NO, and trace elements in pathogenesis and long-term vascular complications of type 2 DM.
Transformations of Gender and Caste Divisions of Labor in Rural Nepal: Land, Hierarchy, and the Case of Untouchable Women

The article demonstrates how gender and caste divisions of labor in rural western Nepal have been historically linked with practices of social hierarchy and land distribution. Because of their low status in two hierarchies--caste and gender--untouchable women serve as handmaidens to the community's changing economic needs. Over the past century, their primarily artisan-related production has been replaced with a variety of paid agricultural and nonagricultural work in the increasingly capitalized agricultural economy. The consequent breakdown of secure intercaste patron-client relationships and increasing poverty are countered by women's increasing economic power.
Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression and anxiety

In current study firstly, psychometric properties of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) in an Iranian sample were examined. The result of factor analysis, subscales correlations, internal consistency and test-retest coefficients showed good psychometric properties of CERQ in Iran. Secondly, relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies with depression and anxiety were studied by multiple regression analysis. The result showed that catastrophizing, self-blame and rumination were related with high level of anxiety and depression and refocusing, positive reappraisal and planning subscales related with low level of anxiety and depression.
An Enhanced ELISPOT Assay for Sensitive Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses to Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme Borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi that is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. Both B cell-mediated humoral immunity and T cell immunity develop during natural Borrelia infection. However, compared with humoral immunity, the T cell response to Borrelia infection has not been well elucidated. In this study, a novel T cell-based assay was developed and validated for the sensitive detection of antigen-specific T cell response to B. burgdorferi. Using interferon-γ as a biomarker, we developed a new enzyme-linked immunospot method (iSpot LymeTM) to detect Borrelia antigen-specific effector/memory T cells that were activated in vivo by exposing them to recombinant Borrelia antigens ex vivo. To test this new method as a potential laboratory diagnostic tool, we performed a clinical study with a cohort of Borrelia positive patients and healthy controls. We demonstrated that the iSpot Lyme assay has a significantly higher specificity and sensitivity compared with the Western Blot assay that is currently used as a diagnostic measure. A comprehensive evaluation of the T cell response to Borrelia infection should, therefore, provide new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of Lyme disease.
Designing evidence-based patient safety interventions: the case of the UK's National Health Service hospital wristbands.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Current evidence suggests that hospital inpatient identification wristbands are not used optimally. Here we report a project by the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) to inform guidance development to hospitals regarding wristband specifications. METHOD A survey assessed (i) the information on wristbands; (ii) the processes of issuing/checking/applying wristbands onto patients; (iii) the types/designs of wristbands (including colour-coding); and (iv) the main problems faced by staff face in relation to wristbanding patients. RESULTS Responses from 166 staff members from 62 hospitals in England and Wales were collected. Information: most participants reported using the patients' first and last names, their date of birth and their local hospital number. The National Health Service (NHS) number, which is a unique identifier for each patient, is used by 37% of the respondents. Issuing process: wristbands are issued on admission or at Emergency Departments. Trained or untrained staff are involved in issuing/checking/applying wristbands onto patients, without significant problems. Colour-coding: 29/36 multiple-respondent hospitals and 15/16 single-respondent hospitals use colour-coded wristbands to indicate special patient status (e.g. allergies). Colour-coding is not used consistently: four colours are used to signal risk of fall; red is used to signal at least 10 different statuses/risks. CONCLUSION The NPSA recommends that wristbands should include patient's last and first name, date of birth and NHS number. They should be printed/written in black against white background. Only red colour should be used to signal special patient status. These recommendations are consistent with current developments in patient identification, and will be evaluated.
Effect of alcohol consumption on serum hepatitis C virus RNA and histological lesions in chronic hepatitis C

The role of alcohol intake in the occurrence of severe liver disease in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers is still debated. A cross‐sectional study has been conducted in 233 chronic hepatitis C virus carriers. Weekly self‐reported alcohol consumption (SRAC) was evaluated, serum HCV RNA levels were measured by a branched DNA technique (Quantiplex 2.0) and HCV genotypes were determined. A liver biopsy was performed simultaneously and liver lesions were graded with the Knodell histological activity index. Data were examined by uni‐ and multivariate analyses. Alcohol consumption was relatively low (< 140 g/per week in 193/233 patients [80%]). We found a highly significant correlation between SRAC and serum HCV RNA levels (r = .26, P = .001). Fibrosis was significantly correlated with age and alcohol consumption. These results suggest that in HCV carriers, alcohol consumption, even with low alcohol intake, increases viremia and hepatic fibrosis. Chronic HCV carriers should be advised to avoid regular alcohol intake.
Gender differences in spontaneous cervical artery dissection

We analyzed sex differences in 696 patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection. There were more men (n = 399; p < 0.0001), and men showed a higher frequency of hypertension (31% vs 15%; p < 0.0001). Women were younger (42.5 ± 9.9 vs 47.5 ± 9.3 years; p < 0.0001), had more often multiple dissections (18 vs 10%; p = 0.001), migraine (47 vs 20%; p < 0.0001), and tinnitus (16 vs 8%; p = 0.001). Outcome and mortality were similar in both sexes.
Making a Virtual Machine Monitor Interruptible

This paper describes our approach to making the Gandalf Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) interruptible. Gandalf is designed to be a lightweight VMM for use in embedded systems. Hardware interrupts are directly notified to its guest operating system (OS) kernel without the interventions of the VMM, and the VMM only processes the exceptions caused by the guest kernel. Since the VMM processes those exceptions with interrupts disabled, the detailed performance analysis using PMC (Performance Monitoring Counters) revealed that the time duration while the interrupts are disabled is rather long. By making Gandalf interruptible, we are able to make VMM based systems more suitable for embedded systems. We analyzed the requirements for making Gandalf interruptible, and designed and implemented mechanisms to achieve this. The experimental results show that making Gandalf interruptible significantly reduces a duration of execution time with interrupts disabled while it does not impact performance.
Multiparameter flow cytometry quantification of bone marrow plasma cells at diagnosis provides more prognostic information than morphological assessment in myeloma patients

Quantification of bone marrow plasma cells in multiple myeloma patients using conventional morphology is of limited prognostic value. This study shows that multiparameter flow cytometry quantification of bone marrow plasma cells at diagnosis provides instead prognostic information. Quantification of bone marrow plasma cells in multiple myeloma patients using conventional morphology is of limited prognostic value, while the merit of multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotyping is still considered unproven. Here we compare the bone marrow plasma cell counts obtained by morphology and multiparameter flow cytometry and explore the potential prognostic impact of both techniques in 765 newly diagnosed, uniformly treated multiple myeloma patients. Although multiparameter flow cytometry generally yields lower plasma cell counts (median percentage of 11% vs. 40%, respectively; p<0.001), there is a significant positive correlation between the two techniques (R =0.46, p<0.001). Regarding prognosis, multivariate analysis selected the bone marrow plasma cell counts obtained by multiparameter flow cytometry as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p=0.007), supporting the incorporation of multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotyping into the routine diagnostic evaluation of multiple myeloma patients and validating the clinical utility of bone marrow plasma cell counting by multiparameter flow cytometry approaches. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00560053).
PhyloNetworks: A Package for Phylogenetic Networks

PhyloNetworks is a Julia package for the inference, manipulation, visualization, and use of phylogenetic networks in an interactive environment. Inference of phylogenetic networks is done with maximum pseudolikelihood from gene trees or multi-locus sequences (SNaQ), with possible bootstrap analysis. PhyloNetworks is the first software providing tools to summarize a set of networks (from a bootstrap or posterior sample) with measures of tree edge support, hybrid edge support, and hybrid node support. Networks can be used for phylogenetic comparative analysis of continuous traits, to estimate ancestral states or do a phylogenetic regression. The software is available in open source and with documentation at https://github.com/crsl4/PhyloNetworks.jl.