Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plethysms, replicated Schur functions and series, with applications to vertex operators

Specializations of Schur functions are exploited to define and evaluate the Schur functions sλ[αX] and plethysms sλ[αsν(X))] for any α—integer, real or complex. Plethysms are then used to define pairs of mutually inverse infinite series of Schur functions, Mπ and Lπ, specified by arbitrary partitions π. These are used in turn to define and provide generating functions for formal characters, s(π)λ, of certain groups Hπ, thereby extending known results for orthogonal and symplectic group characters. Each of these formal characters is then given a vertex operator realization, first in terms of the series M = M(0) and various L⊥σ dual to Lσ, and then more explicitly in the exponential form. Finally the replicated form of such vertex operators are written down. The characters of the orthogonal and symplectic groups have been found by Schur [34] and Weyl [35] respectively. The method used is transcendental, and depends on integration over the group manifold. These characters, however, may be obtained by purely algebraic methods,…. This algebraic method would seem to offer a better prospect of successful application to other restricted groups than the method of group integration. Littlewood D E 1944 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 239 (809) 392
Constructing Victimisation as Masculine Honour: Men and Intimate Partner Violence in Johannesburg

ABSTRACT The literature on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) largely presents a narrative of men as perpetrators and women as victims. This allows little attention to be paid to men as victims of IPV. Much less effort is made to understand how men’s experiences of IPV impact perceptions of their masculine subjectivities and how they respond to victimisation. Through in-depth narrative interviews, this paper reflects on the experiences of some African men and their reactions to personal conditions of abuse. The paper argues that, within the dynamic gendered environment in South Africa, where violence against women is prevalent, some victimised men associate true manliness with men’s respect for women and non-violence tendencies. The African men under discussion mobilise this ideal to construct an alternative identity, maintaining their sense of being honourable, even when the hegemonic order sees them otherwise due to their non-violent beliefs/actions. This article presents a critical yet nuanced contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of domestic violence in the South African context. It shows how some African men may respond to the challenges of their victimised identities.
Speed synchronisation of multiple induction motors with adjacent cross-coupling control

In this study, a new control approach for real-time speed synchronisation of multiple induction motors during speed acceleration and load changes is developed. The control strategy is to stabilise speed tracking of each motor while synchronising its motion with other motors' motions so that differential speed errors among multiple motors converge to zero. An adjacent cross-coupling control architecture incorporating sliding mode control method is proposed, and the asymptotic convergence to zero of both speed tracking errors and speed synchronisation errors have been realised via Lyapunov stability analysis. Performance comparisons with PI control and decoupling control are investigated on a four-motor system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov

The name of Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov is dear to very many mathematicians who, in one way or another, felt the influence of this remarkable person during the more than sixty years of his research activity. A.N. Kolmogorov is the author of classical results in many branches of mathematics and in contemporary science in general. It is widely acknowledged that he was one of the most outstanding scientists of the 20th century. The year 2003 was the centenary of the birth of Kolmogorov. A major international conference, "Kolmogorov and Contemporary Mathematics", was dedicated to this event. There were over 1000 participants. The conference programme consisted of talks related to the fields in which Kolmogorov worked. The conference took place at Moscow State University. Kolmogorov worked at that university throughout his life, as a student and subsequently as a professor in the Mechanics and Mathematics Department. Here he delivered his first talks about many of his remarkable discoveries. Here he founded a unique scientific school of mathematicians who took their first steps in research under his supervision and subsequently became prominent researchers and founders of their own schools. Kolmogorov was one of the founders of the journal "Uspekhi Matematicheskih Nauk", and its chief editor from 1946 until 1955 and again from 1983 until 1987. The editorial board has dedicated this and the next issue to A.N. Kolmogorov. This first issue starts with a paper from his files supplied to the editorial board by A.N. Shiryaev. Kolmogorov had prepared it for publication, but for reasons unknown it was not published. The issue is composed mainly of the texts of talks delivered by invited speakers at the conference. This part opens with the paper of A.G. Vitushkin, who was the Kolmogorov Prize laureate for 2003, the award being made to him at the start of the conference.
Probing Gate Dielectrics for Two-Dimensional Electronics at Atomistic Scale Using Transmission Electron Microscope

Layered materials with thermodynamical stability and scalable atomic thickness provide a potential solution for insulators in 2-D electronics. The formation of high-quality van der Waals interfaces provides potential solutions to overcome the present limit of gate control. To enhance the reliability and robustness of the 2-D device, the investigation of degradation kinetics and fundamental physics of breakdown events of layered dielectrics at an atomistic scale is important. However, the sub-nanometer thickness of layered gate stacks and complex interface states affected by atomic/electronic structures of local defects, which makes the breakdown mechanism research challenging. Advanced characterization technique with simultaneous analysis of elements, energy, and structure at an atomistic scale is crucial. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) is such a powerful tool to analyze the morphology, chemical composition, crystal structure, and electronic structure. In this review, the breakdown mechanism of layered insulators is summarized and discussed in depth at the atomistic scale. The challenges, which are important for the development of layered gate insulators, are also discussed.
Comparative Machine-Learning Approach: Study for Heart Diseases

The heart is important as the most important organ in the human body. Through the heart, blood circulates in the human body, and through this circulation, oxygen, hormones, various cells and compounds necessary for human life are distributed. When the heart stops working, all functions in the human body fail. In this context, machine learning methods demonstrate a significant ability to make predictions. In recent years, the pace of application of machine learning methods to medicine has been increasing. Given that the scope of application is in demand, we can see that the accuracy of the machine learning method is quite high. In this paper, which we used to predict heart disease, classification algorithms were used, resulting in a high predictive ability. Data consisting of 304 columns was taken as a database. In order to achieve better results through algorithms, the data was standardized according to the result, the data that could not be standardized was trained through the best parameters.
A representation theorem for smooth Brownian martingales

We show that, under certain smoothness conditions, a Brownian martingale, when evaluated at a fixed time, can be represented via an exponential formula at a later time. The time-dependent generator of this exponential operator only depends on the second order Malliavin derivative operator evaluated along a ‘frozen path’. The exponential operator can be expanded explicitly to a series representation, which resembles the Dyson series of quantum mechanics. Our continuous-time martingale representation result can be proven independently by two different methods. In the first method, one constructs a time-evolution equation, by passage to the limit of a special case of a backward Taylor expansion of an approximating discrete-time martingale. The exponential formula is a solution of the time-evolution equation, but we emphasize in our article that the time-evolution equation is a separate result of independent interest. In the second method, we use the property of denseness of exponential functions. We provide several applications of the exponential formula, and briefly highlight numerical applications of the backward Taylor expansion.
Multiplex Detection of Pleurotus ostreatus Mycoviruses

Mycoviruses are viruses that specifically infect and replicate in fungi. Several mycoviruses have been previously reported in Pleurotus ostreatus, including the oyster mushroom spherical virus (OMSV), oyster mushroom isometric virus (OMIV), Pleurotus ostreatus spherical virus (POSV), and Pleurotus ostreatus virus 1 (PoV1). This study was designed to develop a multiplex RT-PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation of the four P. ostreatus mycoviruses. Four pairs of primers were designed from conserved regions based on the reported sequences and the multiplex RT-PCR products were 672 bp for OMSV, 540 bp for OMIV, 310 bp for POSV, and 200 bp for PoV1. The optimal annealing temperature of the multiplex RT-PCR was 62 °C and the detection limits of the plasmids were 100 fg for OMSV and OMIV and 1 pg for POSV and PoV1. This technique was successfully applied for the detection of OMSV, OMIV, and POSV from different P. ostreatus strains and the plasmid containing the PoV1 sequence. This methodology can serve as a powerful diagnostic tool for the survey of the incidence and epidemiology of the four P. ostreatus mycoviruses, further contributing to the prevention and treatment of mycoviral diseases in P. ostreatus.
Boundary value problems on planar graphs and flat surfaces with integer cone singularities, I: The Dirichlet problem

Abstract Consider a planar, bounded, m-connected region Ω, and let ∂Ω be its boundary. Let 𝒯 be a cellular decomposition of Ω ∪ ∂Ω, where each 2-cell is either a triangle or a quadrilateral. From these data and a conductance function we construct a canonical pair (S, f) where S is a genus (m − 1) singular flat surface tiled by rectangles and f is an energy preserving mapping from 𝒯(1) onto S. By a singular flat surface, we will mean a surface which carries a metric structure locally modeled on the Euclidean plane, except at a finite number of points. These points have cone singularities, and the cone angle is allowed to take any positive value (see for instance [28] for an excellent survey). Our realization may be considered as a discrete uniformization of planar bounded regions.
Statistical Analysis of Data to Determine the Boundaries of the Confidence Interval in Order to Find the Module N in the RSA Algorithm

This article discusses the research of the stability of the RSA algorithm, under the conditions of analysis of various data. The values obtained from the control sequence are considered as a confidence interval. Optimization of the obtained values allows you to determine the values of a deviation from the key. Statistical values and graphs have also been obtained, which make it possible to analyze the application of this technique.
Zastosowanie rozmytych sterowników Mamdaniego do określania ryzyka wieloczynnikowego

The article reveals the concept of using of L. A. Zadeh fuzzy sets theory in order to determine the multispectral risk taking into consideration the linguistic knowledge base. The target fuzzy model of such system was prepared following generalized main standard of the fuzzy controller developed by E. H. Mamdani. The introduction of following paper contains the broad outline of Zadeh fuzzy set theory as well as application idea of Mamdani fuzzy controllers. The following part introduces an example of the fuzzy system, which can be used to determine the multispectral risk basing on rules of fuzzy logic and linguistic functions. This pioneer work is an attempt to use formal apparatus of the fuzzy sets theory to determine the multispectral risk taking into consideration labor safety standards.
Reviewing a Decade of Change for Veterinarians: Past, Present and Gaps in Researching Stress, Coping and Mental Health Risks

Simple Summary Veterinarians work in a very complex profession; they operate within a triad (veterinarian, animal and animal handler) to take care of the animal. Stress and confrontations with a large variety of demands lead to a high risk for mental health problems. To gather additional insights on stressors we conducted a systematic review using several scientific databases indexing published studies of the last decade. The aim of the process was to structure stressors and burdens based on existing models to see potential gaps in research and find starting points for interventions. After employing a variety of exclusion criteria, 30 studies published in the last decade were included in the review and stressors were be grouped in biological, psychological and social stressors. Overall, most stressors were found in the social category which include interactions with animal handlers. This result indicates that communication with animal handlers is one of the main stressors in the veterinarian practice. Veterinarians need interventions that are tailored to their need to lower the risks for mental health disorders and ultimately suicide. With regards to the results more training of communication techniques might be an example for a starting point to decrease the burden for veterinarians. Although several dynamics of stressors, how they interact, is still unclear, research has found enough evidence to develop more specifically designed health promotion measures. Abstract Veterinary medicine is a highly complex profession that includes a very specific set of stressors that range from individual to social aspects, with several of them being relevant risk factors for a variety of conditions. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and cluster the material on stressors and suicidality in the veterinarian practice published during the last 10 years. The systematic review was conducted employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using PubMed, PsycNet, Google Scholar, Medline, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Web of Science (2012–present) by two independent researchers resulting in the inclusion of 30 quantitative and mixed methods studies. Results of these studies on stressors were categorized using the bio-psycho-social model showing that social stressors play a prominent role. This category includes the largest number of stressors indicating that the human–human interactions in the veterinarian practice are the main stressor, underlining that training in communication techniques is a potential starting point for interventions. In addition to stressors, the results showed an additional category “psychological consequences” describing mental health disorders and suicide. Although there are still gaps in research there is enough evidence to establish more tailored health promotion measures for veterinarians.
On matrix balancing and eigenvector computation

Balancing a matrix is a preprocessing step while solving the nonsymmetric eigenvalue problem. Balancing a matrix reduces the norm of the matrix and hopefully this will improve the accuracy of the computation. Experiments have shown that balancing can improve the accuracy of the computed eigenval- ues. However, there exists examples where balancing increases the eigenvalue condition number (potential loss in accuracy), deteriorates eigenvector accuracy, and deteriorates the backward error of the eigenvalue decomposition. In this paper we propose a change to the stopping criteria of the LAPACK balancing al- gorithm, GEBAL. The new stopping criteria is better at determining when a matrix is nearly balanced. Our experiments show that the new algorithm is able to maintain good backward error, while improving the eigenvalue accuracy when possible. We present stability analysis, numerical experiments, and a case study to demonstrate the benefit of the new stopping criteria.
Water Circulation, Temperature, Salinity, and pCO2 Distribution in the Surface Layer of the East Kamchatka Current

The ship-borne observations of the temperature, salinity, pCO2 (1995–2020) and satellite geostrophic velocity fields, SST, and chlorophyll concentration are used to identify the factors that determine the spatio-temporal variability of seawater parameters on the western boundary of the subarctic North Pacific. In winter, the surface layer of the East Kamchatka Current (EKC) was characterized by two types of water: the waters with a negative temperature (−1.0–−0.5 °C) and salinity of 32.4–32.9 and waters with a positive temperature (0.4–1.7 °C) and salinity of 33.0–33.1. The source of water with negative (positive) temperature and decreased (increased) salinity for the EKC zone is the Bering Sea shelf (Aleutian Basin). The surface waters in the eastern Kamchatka area in winter were close to gas equilibrium with the atmosphere or supersaturated with carbon dioxide (pCO2 = 380–460 µatm). In summer, extremely low pCO2 values (140–220 µatm) in the surface layer of the eastern Kamchatka and the northern Kuril Islands regions have been associated with the decreased salinity (32.1–32.6) of the waters. The distributions of the temperature, salinity, and pCO2 in the surface layer of the central Kuril Islands are determined by the location and intensity of the Kuril eddies and the EKC stream jets. The water mixing in the central Kuril Straits and the Kruzenshterna Bank area leads to increased salinity (33.2–33.4) and high values of pCO2 (480–670 µatm) in the surface layer of the EKC. The comparison of the pCO2 data collected in winter demonstrates an increase in pCO2 between 1998/2001 and 2018/2020 at about 50 µatm in the surface waters with a salinity of 33.0–33.1, which is in agreement with an increase in pCO2 in the atmosphere at 46 µatm (from 368 to 414 µatm) during this period.
Formation of envelope solitons from parametrically amplified and conjugated spin wave pulses

Formation of dipolar spin wave envelope solitons from input pulses parametrically amplified by microwave pumping has been investigated experimentally in an axially magnetized yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) film waveguide by means of the space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering technique. The interaction of a linear input spin wave packet with double-frequency microwave pumping leads to the formation of two parametrically amplified contrapropagating wave packets: forward and phase-conjugated reversed. It was found that both forward and reversed packets immediately after the interaction with pumping increase their lengths almost two times compared to the length of the input packet. In the course of further propagation both wave packets demonstrate a significant compression in length (up to 2.5 times) which depends on the power of the input signal and is a clear signature of envelope soliton formation.
Tracking gravity waves in moist baroclinic jet‐front systems

A series of four‐dimensional ray‐tracing experiments are performed to investigate the propagating wave characteristics, source mechanisms, and wave number vector refraction budget of six groups of lower‐stratospheric gravity waves in the moist baroclinic jet‐front systems with varying degree of convective instability. On one hand, the resemblance of ray trajectories and propagating characteristics between gravity waves in the dry experiment versus those in the experiment with weak diabatic heating demonstrates the limited role of moist convection in modifying those wave modes that are dominated by dry dynamics, including both the short‐scale northward‐propagating mode and the intermediate‐scale northward‐propagating mode in the jet exit region (likely induced by upper‐level jet imbalance and/or tropospheric frontogenesis), the intermediate‐scale eastward‐propagating mode from the jet exit region in the ridge down to the jet entrance region in the trough (likely induced by upper‐level jet imbalance), and the short‐scale southward‐propagating mode located far to the south of the jet right above the surface cold front (likely induced by tropospheric frontogenesis). On the other hand, comparisons of the gravity waves in the two aforementioned experiments through the ray tracing analysis further demonstrate that moist convection may force new wave modes, modify existing dry wave modes through latent heat release, or modify the new/existing waves through modification of large‐scale flow. Convectively generated gravity waves could propagate both upstream and downstream of the latent heating. Lastly, it is indicated in the budget analysis of wave number vector refraction equations that the wind effect on changing the characteristics of propagating gravity waves generally dominates over the thermodynamics effect, and that the thermodynamics effect may counteract, enhance, or even take over the effect of background wind for those wave packets crossing the tropopause or frontal systems.
Spectroscopic characterization of laser-induced plasma created during welding with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser

A spectroscopic study of a laser-induced plume created during the welding of stainless steel and other materials (iron and chromium) has been carried out. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser of 1000 W average power is used. The evolutions of the electron temperature and electron density have been studied for several welding parameters. We use working powers from 300 to 900 W and pulse durations between 1.5 and 5 ms. The influence of shielding gases like nitrogen and argon has been taken into account. Temperature and density calculations are based on the observation of the relative intensities and shapes of the emission peaks. We assume that the plasma is in local thermal equilibrium. The temperature is calculated with the Boltzmann plot method and the density with the Stark broadening of an iron line. The electron temperatures vary in the range of 4500–7100 K, electron density between 3×1022 and 6.5×1022 m−3. The absorption of the laser beam in the plasma is calculated using the Inverse Bremsstrahlung theory.
Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels

Agarose gels containing and not bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes (incorporated before gelling) manifest spontaneous optical anisotropy. The dependencies of the anisotropy on the agarose concentration and time have been studied. The rise in the anisotropy is explained by the predominant orientation of the agarose fibers during the gelling and subsequent deformation of the gel net. In the electric field, additional optical anisotropy rises, which is caused by the orientation of the membranes. A procedure has been developed to separate electrically induced and spontaneous anisotropy in composite gels. The isoelectric points and surface electric potential of bacteriorhodopsin trimer and purple membranes are calculated by the method of protein electrostatics to explain their electric asymmetry, which leads to perpendicular orientation in the direct electric field and longitudinal in the kilohertz sinusoidal field. The results allow for an increase in the separation capability of composite gels of electrophoresis for macromolecules with different sizes by applying an appropriate electric field to modulate the effective pore size.