Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
5G Mobile Phone Concept

Today 3G mobile systems are on the ground providing IP connectivity for real-time and non-real-time services. On the other side, there are many wireless technologies that have proven to be important, with the most important ones being 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and 802.16 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN), as well as ad-hoc Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) and wireless networks for digital TV and radio broadcast. Then, the concepts of 4G is already much discussed and it is almost certain that 4G will include several standards under a common umbrella, similarly to 3G, but with IEEE 802.xx wireless mobile networks included from the beginning. The main contribution of this paper is definition of 5G (Fifth Generation) mobile network concept, which is seen as user-centric concept instead of operator-centric as in 3G or service-centric concept as seen for 4G. In the proposed concept the mobile user is on the top of all. The 5G terminals will have software defined radios and modulation scheme as well as new error-control schemes can be downloaded from the Internet on the run. The development is seen towards the user terminals as a focus of the 5G mobile networks. The terminals will have access to different wireless technologies at the same time and the terminal should be able to combine different flows from different technologies. Each network will be responsible for handling user-mobility, while the terminal will make the final choice among different wireless/mobile access network providers for a given service. The paper also proposes intelligent Internet phone concept where the mobile phone can choose the best connections by selected constraints and dynamically change them during a single end-to-end connection. The proposal in this paper is fundamental shift in the mobile networking philosophy compared to existing 3G and near-soon 4G mobile technologies, and this concept is called here - the 5G.
Numerical Stability of a Family of Osipkov-Merritt Models

We have investigated the stability of a set of nonrotating anisotropic spherical models with a phase-space distribution function of the Osipkov-Merritt type. The velocity distribution in these models is isotropic near the center and becomes radially anisotropic at large radii. The models are special members of the family studied by Dehnen and by Tremaine et al. in which the mass density has a power-law cusp ρ ∝ r-γ at small radii and decays as ρ ∝ r-4 at large radii. The radial-orbit instability of models with γ = 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2, and 2 was studied using an N-body code written by one of us and based on the "self-consistent field" method developed by Hernquist & Ostriker. These simulations have allowed us to delineate a boundary in the (γ, ra)-plane that separates the stable from the unstable models. This boundary is given by 2Tr/Tt = 2.31 ± 0.27 for the ratio of the total radial to tangential kinetic energy. We also found that the stability criterion df/dQ ≤ 0, recently raised by Hjorth, gives lower values compared with our numerical results. The stability to radial modes of some Osipkov-Merritt γ-models that fail to satisfy the Doremus-Feix criterion ∂f/∂E < 0 has been studied using the same N-body code but retaining only the l = 0 terms in the potential expansion. We have found no signs of radial instabilities for these models.
Multithreaded Instruction Sharing

We show that when multi-threaded benchmarks are executed on a Chip Multiprocessor (CMP), the threads typically execute identical instructions at nearly the same time. When multiple threads are all executing identical instructions (same PC, same source operands, and same source values) at nearly the same time, we recognize that the computation can be performed by one thread, and the results can be shared with the other threads, saving critical execution resources and bandwidth for other instructions. We study these thread properties, and evaluate a hardware implementation that recognizes and exploits instruction-similarity. In our experiments, we find that for one thread of a multi-threaded benchmark, about 20% of instructions are identical to nearby instructions in other running threads. Evaluation of our proposed sharing techniques on a high throughput, in-order, Simultaneous Multithreaded architecture achieves a 10% mean (32% peak) increase in processor throughput. As with most performance enhancing techniques, the performance is achieved at the expense of additional power. In Instruction Sharing the increase in per-core power is about 12%, which is due in part to hardware modifications but also to higher utilization of existing hardware. The core area is increased by approximately 15%, of which 13% is due to increasing core contexts. 2% area increase is due to banking the register file, adding match logic, and adding small associative match tables.
Pulmonary hypertension in high-altitude chronic hypoxia: response to nifedipine.

Permanent residents at high altitude may develop excessive polycythaemia (H-Hb) and pulmonary hypertension, which often leads to cardiac failure. Inhibitors of calcium channels have been shown to reverse pulmonary hypertension in respiratory diseases and in primary pulmonary hypertension, but their efficiency has not been evaluated in high-altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) was studied by Doppler echocardiography, at rest and after sublingual nifedipine, in 31 asymptomatic residents at 3,600 m. Individuals were separated into two groups according to resting Ppa: a group with low Ppa (< or =4.7 kPa, n=17) and a group with high Ppa (>4.7 kPa, n=14). Individuals were also split into two groups according to haemoglobin (Hb) concentration: a normocythaemic (L-Hb) group ([Hb] < or =180 g.L(-1), n=17) and a H-Hb group ([Hb] >180 g.L.(-1), n=14). No significant difference in Ppa was observed between the L-Hb and H-Hb groups. There was no correlation between [Hb] and Ppa. Nifedipine induced a decrease of >20% in Ppa in two-thirds of the subjects. This response was correlated with higher levels of basal Ppa (p<0.001) and was inversely correlated with age in the L-Hb group (p<0.05). Pulmonary vasoreactivity to nifedipine was independent of the degree of H-Hb. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic altitude hypoxia may be reversible, despite a possible remodelling of the pulmonary arterioles.
Stochastic Quantization of Bottomless Systems Stationary Quantities in a Diffusive Process

By making use of the Langevin equation with a kernel, it was shown that the Feynman measure exp(-S) can be realized in a restricted sense in a diffusive stochastic process, which diverges and has no equilibrium, for bottomless systems. In this paper, the dependence on the initial conditions and the temporal behavior are analyzed for 0-dim bottomless systems. Furthermore, it is shown that it is possible to find stationary quantities.
Emotion Profile-Based Music Recommendation

In this paper, we propose an emotion profile based music recommendation system. In the proposed algorithm, two emotion profiles are constructed using decision value in support vector machine (SVM), and based on short term and long term features respectively. The recognized emotion, emotion profile, and personal historical query results are fed into the recommendation module to generate the recommended music list.
A two-states Markov-switching model of inflation in France and the USA: credible target VS inflation spiral

This paper seeks to apply the general framework of Markov-switching models to inflation in France and in the USA. We propose a model where inflation can, alternatively, follow two regimes: the first one, where inflation is stationary, is interpreted as a situation where there exists a credible inflation target, even if it is not explicit; the second one where inflation is integrated. Moreover, observing that the two oil shocks were followed by accelerating inflation periods, we allow dependency of the transition probabilities over the variations of oil price. The model is estimated resorting to an EM algorithm. The results of these modelling are threefold: the influence of oil price variations over the transition probabilities are not significant; American inflation has generally a credible inflation target, apart from some specific episodes; inflation in France experienced a dramatic change with the policy of competitive disinflation, then acquiring a credible inflation target. Inflation; Markov-switching regimes; transition probability; oil shock
Wave Propagation in 3-d Spherical Sections by the Chebyshev Spectral Method

The elastic wave equation in spherical coordinates is solved on a spherical section by a Chebyshev spectral method. In the presented algorithm the singularities in the governing equations are avoided by centering the physical domain around the equator. The highly accurate pseudo-spectral (PS) derivative operators reduce the required grid size compared to nite-diierence (FD) algorithms. The non-staggered grid scheme allows easy extension to general material anisotropy without the additional interpolations required in staggered FD schemes. The boundary conditions previously derived for curvi-linear coordinate systems can directly be applied to the velocity vector and stress tensor in the spherical basis. Such techniques will be important to model the full 3-D characteristics of upper mantle structure and to provide accurate reference solutions for 3-D global models.
A $D$ -Band CMOS Transmitter With IF-Envelope Feed-Forward Pre-Distortion and Injection-Locked Frequency-Tripling Synthesizer

A D-band CMOS transmitter is presented with an integrated injection-locked frequency-tripling synthesizer, digital control, and an on-chip antenna. It employs an IF feed-forward pre-distortion scheme, which improves gain compression of the transmitter to provide an overall higher linearity gain profile, allowing reduced power back-off for higher peak-to-average modulation schemes. The integrated D-band transmitter consumes 347 mW and occupies 1800× 1500 μm of silicon area. The proposed transmitter delivers 0.4 dBm of effective isotropic radiated power with a saturated power on-chip of at least 12.2 dBm. The transmitter has a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 4.8% with power delivered to the antenna and a peak PAE of 0.31% when considering radiated power.
Management Consultancy: Boundaries and Knowledge in Action

Management consultants are typically seen as key mediators in the flow of management ideas. And yet little is known about exactly what happens when they work together with clients, behind closed doors in consulting projects. Do they really innovate or simply legitimate existing knowledge? This book presents research from a three year long 'fly-on-the-wall study' of consulting projects and challenges our taken for granted view of consultancy. It draws on and integrates theories of knowledge and social boundaries to reveal a picture of complex and shifting insider-outsider relationships. Here, the outsider or expert status of consultants in relation to their clients cannot be assumed in their day-to-day project interactions. Different actors, roles, and types of knowledge are involved in an interactive and dynamic process where various boundaries are constructed, reinforced, negotiated and transformed. The chapters selectively explore these dynamics, revealing the importance of boundary complexity, the role of humour and challenge in often tense relationships, and the importance of shared knowledge domains such as sector knowledge. This in-depth analysis of inter-organizational project teams also covers a wide range of consultancy contexts, drawing on cases studies which include: * a US-based strategy firm and a multinational client, * the public and private sectors, * a sole practitioner consultant, * IT implementation in financial services. The book is important for all those with an interest in management consultancy, project working and management knowledge as well as in innovation/change, inter-organisational relations, boundaries and professional services. The authors include some of the leading research experts on management consultancy as well as a former management consultant and current expert in management learning.
Bit Error Rate Analysis of Reed-Solomon Code for Efficient Communication System

wireless, satellite, and space communication systems, reducing error is critical. High bit error rates of the wireless communication system require employing various coding methods on the data transferred. Channel coding for error detection and correction helps the communication system designers to reduce the effects of a noisy transmission channel. The purpose of this paper is to study and investigate the performance of Reed-Solomon code that is used to encode the data stream in digital communication. The performances were evaluated by applying to binary phase sift keying modulation scheme in symmetric Additive White Gaussian Noise channel. Reed-Solomon codes are best for correcting burst errors and find wide range of applications in digital communications and data storage. Keywords-Solomon codes (RS), Forward Error Correction (FEC), Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK).
Controlled In-Plane Locomotion of a Hexapod Using a Single Actuator

This paper presents “1STAR,” which is the first robot that is driven by a single actuator but can be directly commanded to move straight or turn clockwise or counterclockwise. The legged robot relies on a novel actuation gait, which exploits the compliance disparity between alternate stance tripods, to generate rotation by continuously accelerating and decelerating the legs. The direction of turning depends on the configuration of the legs-tripod left or right-and the timing of the acceleration and deceleration. Alternating leg acceleration in successive steps allows for continuous rotation in the desired direction. The turning radius can be varied by changing the timing of the leg acceleration and deceleration without changing the cycle frequency and linear speed. A simplified kinematic motion model of a robot is presented, and a dynamic simulation is performed to analyze the behavior and optimize robot parameters. The locomotion gait is verified experimentally using our newly designed “1STAR” robot.
Laser Scribing of High-Performance and Flexible Graphene-Based Electrochemical Capacitors

Infrared Route to Graphene Electrodes Electrochemical capacitors can deliver large amounts of power quickly, but have limited energy storage because only the surface regions of electrodes can store charge. Graphene represents an alternative to activated carbon electrodes because of their high conductivity and surface area, but graphene sheets tend to reassociate and lose surface area. El-Kady et al. (p. 1326; see the Perspective by Miller) show that graphite oxide sheets can be converted by infrared laser irradiation into porous graphene sheets that are flexible, robust, and highly conductive. Infrared laser reduction of graphene oxide creates a strong porous electrode with both high surface area and high conductivity. Although electrochemical capacitors (ECs), also known as supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, charge and discharge faster than batteries, they are still limited by low energy densities and slow rate capabilities. We used a standard LightScribe DVD optical drive to do the direct laser reduction of graphite oxide films to graphene. The produced films are mechanically robust, show high electrical conductivity (1738 siemens per meter) and specific surface area (1520 square meters per gram), and can thus be used directly as EC electrodes without the need for binders or current collectors, as is the case for conventional ECs. Devices made with these electrodes exhibit ultrahigh energy density values in different electrolytes while maintaining the high power density and excellent cycle stability of ECs. Moreover, these ECs maintain excellent electrochemical attributes under high mechanical stress and thus hold promise for high-power, flexible electronics.
Scaling Up Concurrent Main-Memory Column-Store Scans: Towards Adaptive NUMA-aware Data and Task Placement

Main-memory column-stores are called to efficiently use modern non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architectures to service concurrent clients on big data. The efficient usage of NUMA architectures depends on the data placement and scheduling strategy of the column-store. Most column-stores choose a static strategy that involves partitioning all data across the NUMA architecture, and employing a stealing-based task scheduler. In this paper, we implement different strategies for data placement and task scheduling for the case of concurrent scans. We compare these strategies with an extensive sensitivity analysis. Our most significant findings include that unnecessary partitioning can hurt throughput by up to 70%, and that stealing memory-intensive tasks can hurt throughput by up to 58%. Based on our analysis, we envision a design that adapts the data placement and task scheduling strategy to the workload.
The A to Z of Islam

This paperback version of The Historical Dictionary of Islam, which has been revised and expanded, includes short biographies of theologians, philosophers, founders of Sunni and Shi'ite schools of jurisprudence, and individuals who influenced the interpretation of Islamic dogma, politics, and culture from early days to the present. The reader will find entries on major sects, philosophical trends, and the responses by Islamic movements to issues of 21st century politics, such as the inroads of Westernization in the Islamic world.
How You Export Matters: Export Mode, Learning and Productivity in China

This paper shows that how firms export (directly or indirectly via intermediaries) matters. We develop and estimate a dynamic discrete choice model that allows learning-by-exporting on the cost and demand side as well as sunk/fixed costs to differ by export mode. We find that demand and productivity evolve more favorably under direct exporting, though the fixed/sunk costs of this option are higher. Our results suggest that had China not liberalized its direct trading rights when it joined the WTO, its exports and export participation would have been 30 and 37 percent lower respectively.
Classification of Stop Consonants using Modulation Spectrogram-Based Features

In this paper, we propose use of modulation spectrogram-based features for stop consonants classification based on their place of articulation. Stop sounds are classified as bilabial, alveolar and velar according to their place of articulation. The modulation spectrogram which is a two- dimensional (i.e., 2-D) feature represents modulation of low frequency components with acoustic frequency. In this work, modulation spectrogram has been obtained for all stop consonants from TIMIT database and then a dimension reduction algorithm, viz., higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) is applied on the feature vectors. The reduced dimension feature set is then applied to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier which gives an overall accuracy of 94.25% for stop classification and 95.29% for place of articulation classification.
Why does the Australian Dollar Move so Closely with the Terms of Trade

The paper is motivated by two empirical results. Australia’s terms of trade exhibit temporary fluctuations around a slowly declining trend, and movements in Australia’s real exchange rate tend to follow those in the terms of trade. Together these results imply predictability in Australia’s real exchange rate as well as the presence of predictable excess returns that are sometimes quite large. Using a simple econometric model, with the terms of trade as the sole explanator, the paper demonstrates the forecastability of Australia’s real exchange rate over horizons ranging from one to two years. It then quantifies the magnitude of the predictable excess returns to holding Australian dollar denominated assets over such horizons, finding them to be highly variable and sometimes quite large in magnitude. The results suggest a relative scarcity of forward-looking foreign exchange market participants with an investment horizon of a year or more.
Investigating evolvable hardware classification for the BioSleeve electromyographic interface

We investigate the applicability of an evolvable hardware classifier architecture for electromyography (EMG) data from the BioSleeve wearable human-machine interface, with the goal of having embedded training and classification. We investigate classification accuracy for datasets with 17 and 11 gestures and compare to results of Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest classifiers. Classification accuracies are 91.5% for 17 gestures and 94.4% for 11 gestures. Initial results for a field programmable array (FPGA) implementation of the classifier architecture are reported, showing that the classifier architecture fits in a Xilinx XC6SLX45 FPGA. We also investigate a bagging-inspired approach for training the individual components of the classifier with a subset of the full training data. While showing some improvement in classification accuracy, it also proves useful for reducing the number of training instances and thus reducing the training time for the classifier.
Multi-pattern cross training: An ANN model training method using WSN sensor data

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consisting of autonomous sensor nodes can provide a rich stream of sensor data representing physical measurements. A well built Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model needs sufficient training data sources. This paper proposes a procedure of combining ANN and WSN sensor data in modeling. Experiments on indoor thermal modeling demonstrated that WSN together with ANN can lead to accurate fine grained thermal models. A new training method “Multi-Pattern Cross Training”(MPCT) is also introduced in this work. This training method makes it possible to merge knowledge from different training data sources (patterns) into a single ANN model. Further experiments demonstrated that models trained by MPCT method shew better generalization performance and lower prediction errors in tests using different data sets.
The design and realization of Ajax worm detectable system

Aiming at the Ajax worm which transmits increasingly on network, an improved detection method for abnormal service is proposed by analyzing characteristics and attacking mode of the Ajax worm. Furthermore, we design a system of Ajax worm detection for practical applications and achieve its prototype. This detection system which can ensure network work stably and safely will be an important component of Web2.0 network security system.