Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the application of generalized additive models to discrete-time event history analysis for birth events

BACKGROUND Discrete-time event history analysis (EHA) is the standard approach taken when modelling fertility histories collected in surveys, where the date of birth is often recorded imprecisely. This method is commonly used to investigate the factors associated with the time to a first or subsequent conception or birth. Although there is an emerging trend towards the smooth incorporation of continuous covariates in the broader literature, this is yet to be formally embraced in the context of birth events. OBJECTIVE We investigate the formal application of smooth methods implemented via generalized additive models (GAMs) to the analysis of fertility histories. We also determine whether and where GAMs offer a practical improvement over existing approaches. We fit parity-specific logistic GAMs to data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, learning about the effects of age, period, time since last birth, educational qualification, and country of birth. First, we select the most parsimonious GAMs that fit the data sufficiently well. Then we compare them with corresponding models that use the existing methods of categorical, polynomial, and piecewise linear spline representations in terms of fit, complexity, and substantive insights gained.
Optimizing energy growth as a tool for finding exact coherent structures

We discuss how searching for finite amplitude disturbances of a given energy which maximise their subsequent energy growth after a certain later time $T$ can be used to probe phase space around a reference state and ultimately to find other nearby solutions. The procedure relies on the fact that of all the initial disturbances on a constant-energy hypersphere, the optimisation procedure will naturally select the one which lies nearest to the stable manifold of a nearby solution in phase space if $T$ is large enough. Then, when in its subsequent evolution, the optimal disturbance transiently approaches the new solution, a flow state at this point can be used as an initial guess to converge the solution to machine precision. We illustrate this approach in plane Couette flow by: a) rediscovering the spanwise-localised `snake' solutions of Schneider et al. (2010b); b) probing phase space at very low Reynolds numbers ($< 127.7$) where the constant linear-shear solution is believed to be the global attractor; and finally c) examining how the edge between laminar and turbulent flow evolves when stable stratification kills the turbulent attractor. We also show that the steady snake solution smoothly delocalises as unstable stratification is gradually turned on until it connects (via an intermediary global 3D solution) to 2D Rayleigh-Benard roll solutions.
Error-Correcting Codes and Finite Fields

Introduction Block codes, weight, and distance Linear codes Error processing for linear codes Hamming codes Appendix: Linear algebra Introduction and an example Euclid's algorithm Invertible and irreducible elements The construction of finite fields The structure of finite fields Roots of polynomials Primitive elements Appendix: Polynomials over a field BCH-codes as subcodes of Hamming codes BCH codes as polynomial codes Decoding BCH codes (1) the fundamental equation Decoding BCH codes: (2) an error processing algorithm Reed-Solomon codes and burst error correction Bounds on codes Classical Goppa codes Classical Goppa codes: error processing Introduction to algebraic curves Functions on algebraic curves A survey of the theory of algebraic curves Geometric Goppa codes An error processor for geometric Goppa codes.
Computational recognition of LncRNA signatures in tumor-associated neutrophils could have implications for immunotherapy and prognostic outcome of non-small cell lung cancer

Cancer immune function and tumor microenvironment are governed by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Nevertheless, it has yet to be established whether lncRNAs play a role in tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). Here, a computing framework based on machine learning was used to identify neutrophil-specific lncRNA with prognostic significance in squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma using univariate Cox regression to comprehensively analyze immune, lncRNA, and clinical characteristics. The risk score was determined using LASSO Cox regression analysis. Meanwhile, we named this risk score as “TANlncSig. ” TANlncSig was able to distinguish between better and worse survival outcomes in various patient datasets independently of other clinical variables. Functional assessment of TANlncSig showed it is a marker of myeloid cell infiltration into tumor infiltration and myeloid cells directly or indirectly inhibit the anti-tumor immune response by secreting cytokines, expressing immunosuppressive receptors, and altering metabolic processes. Our findings highlighted the value of TANlncSig in TME as a marker of immune cell infiltration and showed the values of lncRNAs as indicators of immunotherapy.
THE GRAVITATIONAL DRAG FORCE ON AN EXTENDED OBJECT MOVING IN A GAS

Using axisymmetrical numerical simulations, we revisit the gravitational drag felt by a gravitational Plummer sphere with mass M and core radius Rs moving at constant velocity V0 through a background homogeneous medium of adiabatic gas. Since the potential is non-diverging, there is no gas removal due to accretion. When Rs is larger than the Bondi radius RB, the perturbation is linear at every point and the drag force is well fitted by the time-dependent Ostriker's formula with rmin = 2.25Rs, where rmin is the minimum impact parameter in the Coulomb logarithm. In the deep nonlinear supersonic regime (Rs ≪ RB), the minimum radius is no longer related to Rs but to RB. We find for Mach numbers of the perturber between 1.5 and 4, although also provides a good fit at 2$? >. As a consequence, the drag force does not depend sensitively on the nonlinearity parameter , defined as RB/Rs, for values larger than a certain critical value . We show that our generalized Ostriker's formula for the drag force is more accurate than the formula suggested by Kim and Kim.
Slow cooling in low-metallicity clouds: an origin of globular cluster bimodality?

We explore the relative role of small-scale fragmentation and global collapse in low-metallicity clouds, pointing out that in such clouds the cooling time may be longer than the dynamical time, allowing the cloud to collapse globally before it can fragment. This, we suggest, may help to explain the formation of the low-metallicity globular cluster population, since such dense stellar systems need a large amount of gas to be collected in a small region (without significant feedback during the collapse). To explore this further, we carry out numerical simulations of low-metallicity Bonner-Ebert stable gas clouds, demonstrating that there exists a critical metallicity (between 0.001 and 0.01 $Z_\odot$) below which the cloud collapses globally without fragmentation. We also run simulations including a background radiative heating source, showing that this can also produce clouds that do not fragment, and that the critical metallicity -- which can exceed the no-radiation case -- increases with the heating rate.
Optomechanical damping basis

We present a closed-form analytical solution to the eigenvalue problem of the Liouville operator generating the dissipative dynamics of the standard optomechanical system. The corresponding Lindblad master equation describes the dynamics of a single-mode field inside an optical cavity coupled by radiation pressure to its moving mirror. The optical field and the mirror are in contact with separate environments, which are assumed at zero and finite temperature, respectively. The optomechanical damping basis refers to the exact set of eigenvectors of the generator that, together with the exact eigenvalues, are explicitly derived. Both the weak- and the strong-coupling regime, which includes combined decay mechanisms, are solved in this work.
A meshless method with complex variables for elasticity

The moving least-square approximation with complex variables (MLSCV) is developed on the basis of moving least-square approximation. The advantages of MLSCV are that the approximation function of a 2-D problem is formed with 1-D basis function, and the meshless method obtained has greater computational efficiency. A meshless method with complex variables for 2-D elasticity is then presented using MLSCV, and the formulae of the meshless method with complex variables are obtained. Compared with the conventional meshless method, the meshless method with complex variables introduced in this paper has greater precision and computational efficiency. Some examples are given.
In vitro antioxidant activity of Anisochilus carnosus leaf, stem and callus

Anisochilus carnosus (Lamiaceae) is an annual herb growing at high altitudes, which is used in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to determine the total phenolic concentration, total flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of leaf and stem, and their respective calli. For callus development, healthy leaf and stem explants of A. carnosus were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog medium with auxin-type plant growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Callus initiation was started within one week of inoculation and profound callusing was observed in presence of 2 mg L–1 2,4-D, IAA, and IBA. NAA alone did not induce any callus at lower doses, while combination of 2,4-D and 2,4-D + NAA produced callus at all tested concentrations. Maximum total phenolic concentration was found in the leaf callus, while the highest flavonoid concentration was found in the stem callus. The antioxidant activity of both leaf and stem calli extracts were consistent. In terms of antioxidant activity, callus extracts exceeded leaf and stem extracts. It can be concluded that the callus extract is an excellent source of phytotherapeutic antioxidants. Callus-derived secondary metabolites from A. carnosus have potential use in a variety of biological applications.
Step-by-step alignment methodology for high resolution payloads using theodolite

Proper utilization of the remote sensing payload output data in a real situation of a high-resolution satellite, deeply depends on the detailed orientation and relative attitude of the sensitive elements such as star sensors, optical payloads and etc. Very small unknown installation errors between star sensor and optical payload axes, will results in several hundred meters pointing error for imaging payload footprint on the ground targets. In practice, the final error and transform matrixes of elements coordinate systems to each other as well as to the satellites body must be accurately determined. Different methods are widely using in satellite industries where the CMM method is the most well-known of them. In this manuscript we introduced a practical methodology to extract the accurate mutual coordinate transformation matrix of sensitive satellite elements and to the satellite body. Our general approach was to improve the operational pointing accuracy of imaging payloads missions and improving the reliability of the final payload data. This method is using four theodolites in a predefined architecture along with some very accurate alignment cubes. After final assembly and integration of the whole satellite, final alignment accuracy depends on the individual instrument’s accuracies. Using proper instruments, the attitude of sensitive elements coordinate system with respect to the satellite body coordinate system is measured at the order of several arcseconds. The proposed method, in addition to improving the final accuracy, has other advantages such as simplicity in setup and speeding up the implementation.
Brazilian Red Propolis Presents Promising Anti-H. pylori Activity in In Vitro and In Vivo Assays with the Ability to Modulate the Immune Response

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, curved-rod, flagellated bacterium commonly found in the stomach mucosa and associated with different gastrointestinal diseases. With high levels of prevalence worldwide, it has developed resistance to the antibiotics used in its therapy. Brazilian red propolis has been studied due to its biological properties, and in the literature, it has shown promising antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-H. pylori from the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (CHEBRP). For this, in vitro determination of the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) and synergistic activity and in vivo, microbiological, and histopathological analyses using Wistar rats were carried out using CHEBRP against H. pylori strains (ATCC 46523 and clinical isolate). CHEBRP presented MIC/MBC of 50 and 100 μg/mL against H. pylori strains (ATCC 43526 and clinical isolate, respectively) and tetracycline MIC/MBC of 0.74 µg/mL. The association of CHEBRP with tetracycline had an indifferent effect. In the stomach mucosa of rats, all treatments performed significantly decreased the number of H. pylori, and a concentration of 300 mg/kg was able to modulate the inflammatory response in the tissue. Therefore, CHEBRP showed promising anti-H. pylori in in vitro and in vivo assays.
Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation–XI. Clustering and halo masses of high redshift galaxies

We investigate the clustering properties of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at $z\sim6$ - $8$. Using the semi-analytical model {\scshape Meraxes} constructed as part of the Dark-ages Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables from Numerical Simulation (DRAGONS) project, we predict the angular correlation function (ACF) of LBGs at $z\sim6$ - $8$. Overall, we find that the predicted ACFs are in good agreement with recent measurements at $z\sim 6$ and $z\sim 7.2$ from observations consisting of the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF), the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) and Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) field. We confirm the dependence of clustering on luminosity, with more massive dark matter haloes hosting brighter galaxies, remains valid at high redshift. The predicted galaxy bias at fixed luminosity is found to increase with redshift, in agreement with observations. We find that LBGs of magnitude $M_{\rm AB(1600)} < -19.4$ at $6\lesssim z \lesssim 8$ reside in dark matter haloes of mean mass $\sim 10^{11.0}$- $10^{11.5} M_{\rm \odot}$, and this dark matter halo mass does not evolve significantly during reionisation.
The construct of 'national' languages in independent Angola: towards its deconstruction

This article discusses the construct of the concept of 'national language' in Angolan society in general, and in intellectual circles in particular. For a clear understanding of the concept, two others are also considered. One is the concept of 'official language' and the other is that of 'regional language'. Three questions will be of paramount importance to help delineate the focus of the article. Firstly, how is the term 'national language' used in the literature and in the context of communication in Angola? Secondly, how different is it from the other two terms? Thirdly, how can academia help to clarify this concept in the Angolan context, where it seems to be used inaccurately?
Semi-supervised segmentation of metastasis lesions in bone scan images

To develop a deep image segmentation model that automatically identifies and delineates lesions of skeletal metastasis in bone scan images, facilitating clinical diagnosis of lung cancer–caused bone metastasis by nuclear medicine physicians. A semi-supervised segmentation model is proposed, comprising the feature extraction subtask and pixel classification subtask. During the feature extraction stage, cascaded layers which include the dilated residual convolution, inception connection, and feature aggregation learn the hierarchal representations of low-resolution bone scan images. During the pixel classification stage, each pixel is first classified into categories in a semi-supervised manner, and the boundary of pixels belonging to an individual lesion is then delineated using a closed curve. Experimental evaluation conducted on 2,280 augmented samples (112 original images) demonstrates that the proposed model performs well for automated segmentation of metastasis lesions, with a score of 0.692 for DSC if the model is trained using 37% of the labeled samples. The self-defined semi-supervised segmentation model can be utilized as an automated clinical tool to detect and delineate metastasis lesions in bone scan images, using only a few manually labeled image samples. Nuclear medicine physicians need only attend to those segmented lesions while ignoring the background when they diagnose bone metastasis using low-resolution images. More images of patients from multiple centers are typically needed to further improve the scalability and performance of the model via mitigating the impacts of variability in size, shape, and intensity of bone metastasis lesions.
CMB lensing reconstruction from the WMAP 7-year data

We attempt to make a direct measurement of the weak lensing signal from the WMAP 7-year data. We apply the real-space implementation of the optimal quadratic estimator on the maps produced by the W-band Differencing Assemblies. We obtain a weak lensing amplitude parameter of $A_{L}=0.99\pm1.67$ after correcting for several sources of bias. The error budget includes a contribution from the bias removal procedure. Despite the demonstrated insensitivity of the real-space estimator to uncorrelated noise, we conclude that this detection is not statistically significant. We expect that a full-sky, higher-sensitivity experiment such as Planck will allow us to make a more significant measurement.
Improving spatial temperature estimates by resort to time autoregressive processes

Temperature estimation methods usually involve regression followed by kriging of residuals (residual kriging). Despite the performance of such models, there is invariably a residual which is not necessarily unpredictable because it may still be correlated in time. We set out to analyse such residuals through resort to autoregressive processes. It is shown that the optimal period varies depending on whether it is identified by functions of the form resd = f(resd−1, resd−2, …, resd−p) or by partial correlations. Autoregressive processes significantly improve estimates, which are evaluated by cross‐validations. Finally, the two following points are discussed: (1) the assumptions of the autoregressive model on the residuals (the assumptions of linearity, stationarity of space and time are verified empirically) and (2) the identification of the days for which the introduction of this model is really interesting.
Is 3C 111, an apparently normal radio galaxy, the counterpart of 3EG J0416+3650?

The Third EGRET Catalog (3EG) lists 66 high-confidence identifications of sources with Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). All are classified as belonging to the blazar class, with the only exception of the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A. We report and strengthen the association of another radio galaxy, 3C 111, with the EGRET source 3EG J0416+3650. At the time of the compilation of the 3EG catalogue, 3C 111 has been considered as a low-confidence counterpart of 3EG J0416+3650, being located outside the 99% γ-ray probability contour. Since this first suggestion, no other counterparts have been reported nor the EGRET error box has been searched for likely candidates. 3C 111 has never been considerated or cited in literature as a radiogalaxy counterpart of an EGRET source. We report a detailed multiwavelength study of the EGRET error box as well as for the first time the overall spectral energy distribution of 3C 111, which appears to be intriguingly similar to those of blazars, suggesting that the radiogalaxy 3C 111 is the likely counterpart of 3EG J0416+3650.
Unmet Needs and Perceived Challenges in Early Intervention for Psychosis: A Qualitative Study of Three Groups of Stakeholders

NAVIGATE is a coordinated specialty care program for people who have experienced first-episode psychosis. The current study aims to explore the unmet needs of NAVIGATE stakeholders for the purpose of guiding the optimization of the program. Data from 24 semistructured interviews with NAVIGATE clients, family caregivers, and practitioners were conducted and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Clients expressed needs for emotional support between sessions and for peer support. Family caregivers expressed needs for guidance between sessions, better access to information, peer support, and updates regarding clients’ recovery. All stakeholders reported challenges working with the program’s manual. In addition, four general challenges related to the aftermath of a first-episode psychosis were identified. Exploring ways to better address these unmet needs may improve treatment satisfaction and outcome.
Nepantla aquí, Nepantla allá: The Borderlands of Identity from Mexican-Origin Women in STEM

The study explored how Mexican-origin women in STEM utilized Anzaldua’s borderlands of identity and Conocimientos to successfully navigate between Mexican-origin cultures and STEM cultures. Students experienced life-changing events during their studies (el arrebato) and felt torn between STEM and Mexican-origin cultures (Nepantla). However, students also sought to reimagine their futures (Coyolxuahqui, the blow-up) and use their degrees to help their communities.
Effects of Elasticity on Subduction Initiation: Insight From 2‐D Thermomechanical Models

Despite extensive modeling efforts, the dynamics of subduction initiation (SI), including the role of elasticity, are not fully understood. Using two‐dimensional thermomechanical models with visco‐plastic (VP) and visco‐elasto‐plastic (VEP) rheologies, we systematically investigate the role of elasticity in intraoceanic SI using two model setups: spontaneous initiation without imposed convergence and induced initiation with imposed convergence. In spontaneous models, the overriding plate age of <20 Ma and the subducting plate age of >50 Ma generally lead to vertically driven SI with either rheology, but for a given age contrast, SI is easier to occur with the VEP rheology. In induced model with either rheology, when the two plates are young and have a small age contrast, the resulting SI is horizontally driven, and elasticity does not affect SI significantly, regardless of the convergence rate. However, when the thermal age contrast is large and a convergence rate is relatively low, the SI in induced models is vertically driven and similar to that in the spontaneous models, and the VEP rheology leads to faster SI than the VP rheology. This effect of elasticity becomes smaller with increasing initial horizontal compressional stress but does not become fully negated by the initial stress of <∼50 MPa. Therefore, inclusion of elasticity with reasonable shear modulus and initial stress values results in a weaker slab, making it easier for vertically driven SI to occur when the age contrast is relatively large.