Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrence behavior of short‐term slow slip and correlated nonvolcanic tremor episodes in western Shikoku, southwest Japan

[1] From the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention Hi-net tiltmeter data, we determine time-dependent source processes of seven repeating short-term slow slip events (SSE) in the western Shikoku region, southwest Japan, over the period from 2002 to 2007. The tiltmeters record clear signals of SSEs characterized by a slow rise, a week-long duration, and a magnitude on the order of 10−2−10−1μrad. We apply a time-dependent slip inversion method to the tilt records for the seven SSEs. For each SSE, a slip area migrates in the strike direction of the subducting slab at a rate of ∼10 km d−1. Comparing the slow slip area with epicenters of accompanying nonvolcanic tremors in subday time resolution, we find that the two phenomena are located on a smaller area than previously reported and migrate as a group. A moment rate function for each SSE exhibits good correlation with the temporal change in tremor activity. A comparison of the slip distributions of all of the analyzed SSEs shows that there is a patch of slow slip area (∼30 km in diameter) that is shared by all of the episodes. In addition, the location of the slip patch is in good agreement with the epicenters of tremors and very low frequency earthquakes. These lines of evidence suggest that the identified slip patch is one of the main slow slip patches in the region and a recurrence of SSEs may be controlled by the patch and that these “slow earthquakes” might be different manifestations of a single slip process on the deep plate interface.
Climate Change Effects on Spatiotemporal Patterns of Hydroclimatological Summer Droughts in Norway

AbstractThis study examines the impact of climate change on droughts in Norway. A spatially distributed (1 × 1 km2) version of the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) precipitation-runoff model was used to provide hydrological data for the analyses. Downscaled daily temperature and precipitation derived from two atmosphere–ocean general circulation models with two future emission scenarios were applied as input to the HBV model. The differences in hydroclimatological drought characteristics in the summer season between the periods 1961–90 and 2071–2100 were studied. The threshold level method was adopted to select drought events for both present and future climates. Changes in both the duration and spatial extent of precipitation, soil moisture, runoff, and groundwater droughts were identified. Despite small changes in future meteorological drought characteristics, substantial increases in hydrological drought duration and drought affected areas are expected, especially in the southern and nor.
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— We introduce Hodge ideal spectrum for isolated hypersurface sin- gularities to see the diﬀerence between the Hodge ideals and the microlocal V ﬁltration modulo the Jacobian ideal. Via the Tjurina subspectrum, we can com- pare the Hodge ideal spectrum with the Steenbrink spectrum which can be deﬁned by the microlocal V -ﬁltration. As a consequence of a formula of Mustat , ă and Popa, these two spectra coincide in the weighted homogeneous case. We prove suf-ﬁcient conditions for their coincidence and non-coincidence in some non-weighted- homogeneous cases where the deﬁning function is semi-weighted-homogeneous or with non-degenerate Newton boundary in most cases. We also show that the con- venience condition can be avoided in a formula of M. Zhang for the non-degenerate case, and present an example where the Hodge ideals are not weakly decreasing even modulo the Jacobian ideal. Résumé. — qui , ou non-dégénérées par rapport à leur polyèdre de Newton. Nous prouvons aussi que la condition de commodité peut être évitée dans la formule de M. Zhang dans le cas non-dégénéré, et montrons un exemple où les idéaux de Hodge ne sont pas faiblement décroissants même modulo l’idéal jacobien.
Diatom zonation in southern Oregon tidal marshes relative to vascular plants, foraminifera, and sea level

Diatom assemblages from four surface transects across estuarine marshes in southern Oregon show a three-part vertical ecologic zonation of the intertidal zone similar to zonations of foraminiferal and vascular plant assemblages. Gradual changes in the compositions of all three types of assemblages reflect gradational zone boundaries, 5 - 40 m wide. Discriminant function analysis indicates that modern mudflat, low marsh, and high marsh zones can be distinguished from one another with diatom assemblage data at three silty marshes in the middle parts of two river-dominated estuaries. However, low marsh and high marsh assemblages are less distinct from each other than are mudflat and low marsh assemblages. The compositions of vascular plant and diatom assemblages on a transect at a sandy site near the mouth of a third estuary differ from those of the silty transects. A particularly distinct diatom subzone-the marsh border subzone-is marked by a dominance of fresh-to-brackish-water diatoms in a few samples from the upper part of the high marsh and lowest part of the upland zone on all four transects. But the vertical range of the marsh border subzone is large (about 0.7 m) and its range may vary from site to site depending on the amount of freshwater seepage and runoff into marshes. The zonation of modern diatom assemblages suggests that fossil diatom assemblages, particularly those of the high marsh and marsh border subzone, will be useful in paleosea-level reconstructions.
Map view retrodeformation of an arcuate fold-and-thrust belt: The Jura case.

[1] The mechanism of arcuate mountain range formation is a matter of debate. Here we perform a map view restoration of a detailed three-dimensional model of the Jura arc, a typical arcuate mountain range in the foothills of the Swiss and French Alps. This retrodeformation is performed using the UNFOLD surface-balanced program, based on a “block mosaic” method. It results in a displacement field divergent toward the deformation front. This displacement field suggests counterclockwise rigid rotations in the horizontal plane up to 30° in the southern Internal Jura and a corresponding vertical axis rotation or shear strain of the Savoie molasse basin hinterlandward. We also predict a 10° clockwise, vertical axis rotation of the molasse basin in Switzerland. All these rotations agree with those documented by paleomagnetic data. The former are taken to result from a substantial decrease in shortening at the southern Jura end, while the divergence of displacements is interpreted to result from variations in the detachment level distribution.
Sulfuric Acid Nucleation Potential Model Applied to Complex Reacting Systems in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric aerosol particles impact Earth's radiation balance by acting as seeds for cloud droplet formation. Over half of global cloud seed particles are formed by nucleation, a process where gas‐phase compounds react to form stable particles. Reactions of sulfuric acid (SA) with a wide variety of atmospheric compounds have been previously shown to drive nucleation in the lower troposphere. However, global climate models poorly predict particle nucleation rates since current nucleation models do not describe nucleation for systems containing tens to hundreds of precursor compounds. The nucleation potential model (NPM) was recently developed to model SA nucleation of complex mixtures by measuring an effective base concentration using a 1‐nm condensation particle counter. This technique for estimating particle nucleation rates can be deployed at a much higher spatial and temporal resolution than current methods which require detailed knowledge of all nucleation reactions and measurements, typically using a mass spectrometer, of all nucleation precursor gases. This work expands NPM by showing that this model can capture enhancement and suppression of SA nucleation rates within a complex mixture of organic and inorganic acids, ambient air, and across a range of atmospherically relevant relative humidities. In addition, an expression for calculating atmospheric nucleation rates was also derived from the NPM. Ultimately, NPM provides a simple way to measure and model the extent compounds in a complex mixture enhance SA nucleation rates using a condensation particle counter.
Federated and Transfer Learning Methods for the Classification of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Prospective Study

Skin cancer is considered a dangerous type of cancer with a high global mortality rate. Manual skin cancer diagnosis is a challenging and time-consuming method due to the complexity of the disease. Recently, deep learning and transfer learning have been the most effective methods for diagnosing this deadly cancer. To aid dermatologists and other healthcare professionals in classifying images into melanoma and nonmelanoma cancer and enabling the treatment of patients at an early stage, this systematic literature review (SLR) presents various federated learning (FL) and transfer learning (TL) techniques that have been widely applied. This study explores the FL and TL classifiers by evaluating them in terms of the performance metrics reported in research studies, which include true positive rate (TPR), true negative rate (TNR), area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy (ACC). This study was assembled and systemized by reviewing well-reputed studies published in eminent fora between January 2018 and July 2023. The existing literature was compiled through a systematic search of seven well-reputed databases. A total of 86 articles were included in this SLR. This SLR contains the most recent research on FL and TL algorithms for classifying malignant skin cancer. In addition, a taxonomy is presented that summarizes the many malignant and non-malignant cancer classes. The results of this SLR highlight the limitations and challenges of recent research. Consequently, the future direction of work and opportunities for interested researchers are established that help them in the automated classification of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers.
Physical rehabilitation of degraded krasnozems using ley pastures

The physical fertility of krasnozems and euchrozems (Red Ferrosols) in Australia has declined substantially as a result of continuous cropping. Much of this decline is associated with reduced levels of soil organic carbon and soil compaction due to vehicle trac when soils are too wet. We examined the impact of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) pasture leys with various management inputs on the regeneration of physical fertility of continuously cropped krasnozems from 2 locations in the South Burnett region of southern Queensland. Pasture leys significantly improved the physical fertility of continuously cropped soils within 2–4 years. The most significant effects were on the creation of improved surface and subsurface macroporosity, and in a reduction in surface crust formation under high energy rain due to improved aggregate stability. Final steady state infiltration rates under well-managed leys increased 4-fold compared with those in continuously cropped soil. Pastures were unable to ameliorate compacted layers below approx. 15 cm, although significant improvements in hydraulic conductivity through these layers (and to depths of at least 70 cm) were made, presumably by creating of continuous biopores. Introduced earthworms improved pasture effectiveness in ameliorating this layer, but only to depths of 20 cm, while deep ripping during the ley phase was the most effective treatment. Kikuyu was the more effective pasture species in overcoming soil physical infertility, particularly in terms of improving aggregate stability under rain. In addition, the ability of kikuyu to resist the compacting influence of cattle trampling during wet weather meant that rainfall infiltration eciency was maintained during the ley phase and management options on returning to cropping were more flexible (e.g. direct drill strategies can be used). However, if pastures were ungrazed, the advantages of kikuyu in soil physical restoration were evident in only 2 years.
Mean Platelet Volume in a Series of 315 Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relationship with Disease Characteristics, including Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Comorbidity

Mean platelet volume (MPV) refers to the average platelet size in femtoliters. Increased or decreased MPV has been associated with several disorders, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, our objective was to analyze the relationship of MPV with disease activity in a large and well-characterized series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This is a cross-sectional study that included 315 patients with RA and 208 controls matched by sex and age. Complete blood count, including MPV, was assessed. Multivariable analysis was performed to examine the relationship of MPV with RA disease characteristics, carotid atherosclerosis, and traditional cardiovascular factors, including a comprehensive profile of lipid molecules and insulin resistance or beta cell function indices. The multivariable analysis, which includes other hematological modifications produced by the disease and platelet values, showed that MPV levels were significantly lower in RA patients than in controls. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and interleukin-6, but not C-reactive protein, were negatively correlated with MPV after adjustment for covariates. Similarly, disease activity and MPV had a significant and independent negative correlation. No relationships were found between MPV and cardiovascular risk factors, lipid profile or insulin resistance indices or subclinical atherosclerosis. In conclusion, patients with RA have lower levels of MPV than controls. MPV is negatively related to acute phase reactants and disease activity in RA.
Study of SAR Image Texture Feature Extraction Based on GLCM in Guizhou Karst Mountainous Region

In the application of remote sensing SAR process in Guizhou karst mountainous region, the fragmented terrain and the complicated crops lead to the unsatisfactory precision, which is caused by using the grey value of SAR image simply in the classification. The original image was processed by the FROST filtering window with 7 × 7. After computing the different window size and direction of GLCM, the different texture characteristic values of GLCM were analyzed. The results show that step size of 1 and moving window with 5 × 5 of GLCM gets the optimum characteristic value. In addition, based on the four GLCM characteristic values of each landuse types, the correlation characteristic is fluctuating and easy to distinguish. To improve the precision of SAR image target recognition ability, as the image texture feature, the correlation characteristic will take part in the classification of the whole study area. But the range of the improvement needs further research.
Application of the time-predictable model in Peninsular India for future seismic hazard assessment

It has been the belief among Earth scientists that the Peninsular Shield is aseismic, as the region attained stability long ago. However, the earthquake at Koyna (10 December 1967), Bhadrachalam (13 April 1969), Broach (23 March 1970), Hyderabad (30 June 1983), Khillari (30 September 1993), Jabalpur (22 May 1997), Gujarat (26 January 2001), and additional ones of smaller magnitudes, altered this concept. This area has experienced many widely distributed shallow earthquakes, some of them having large magnitudes. It is now widely accepted that seismic activity still continues with moderate events. Therefore, a need has arisen to take into consideration recent seismological data to assess the future seismic status of Peninsular India. Earthquake generation model has been studied to develop the statistical relations with surface wave magnitude (MS ≥ 4.5). Five seismogenic sources showing clustering of earthquakes and including at least three main shocks of magnitude 4.5 ≤ MS ≤ 6.5 giving two repeat times, have been identified. It is mainly based on the so-called “regional time-predictable model”. For the considered region it is observed that the time interval between two consecutive main shocks depends on the preceding main shock magnitude (Mp) not on the following main shocks magnitude Mf suggesting the validity of time predictable model in the region.
A calendar age estimate of the Younger Dryas-Holocene boundary at Kråkenes, western Norway

The Younger Dryas/Holocene transition (YD/H) in the sediments of Kråkenes Lake, western Nor way, is well marked both lithologically and palaeobiologically at 756.5 cm in the investigated core. A series of 70 AMS radiocarbon dates on terrestrial plant macrofossils and the NaOH-soluble fraction of lake sediment was measured between 585 and 840 cm, covering the time span c. 10 440 to 7915 BP on the radiocarbon timescale. Forty-three of these dates above 760 cm were wiggle-matched against the German oak-pine dendro calibration curve (IntCal 93) with recent corrections in both the oak and the pine sections. With an increase in age of the pine dendro-series of 200 6 20 yr, the calendar age of the YD/H lithostratigraphic boundary at Kråkenes is estimated to 11 530+40 -60 cal. BP. By using a date of 9750 BP (11 170 cal. BP) on the transition between the 10 000 and 9600 14C plateaux as a time marker, this result is compared with recent results from other archives. It is consistent with many of them, including the GRIP ice core, German pine series, Lake Gościaz, south Swedish lakes, and Baltic varves, suggesting that the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition in the North Atlantic region occurred within the range 11 500–11 600 cal. BP.
Ground‐penetrating‐radar‐assisted saturation and permeability estimation in bimodal systems

Near‐surface investigations often require characterization of vadose zone hydraulic parameters. Conventional sampling or borehole techniques for estimating these parameters are costly, time consuming, and invasive, all of which limit collection of hydrogeological data at a spacing needed for detailed site characterization. Incorporation of two‐ or three‐dimensional densely sampled geophysical data with conventional hydrological data increases the amount of data available for the characterization and thus has the potential to significantly improve the hydraulic parameter estimates over those obtained from borehole data alone. The hydraulic estimation procedure can be greatly improved by incorporating dielectric information potentially available from ground penetrating radar (GPR), a noninvasive, high‐resolution geophysical method. The procedures for collecting and processing GPR data in the format needed for the proposed estimation technique are relatively new and still a topic of research; our method requires as a starting point the ability to estimate dielectric constants from GPR data. Numerical experiments were performed to investigate the general utility of the GPR‐assisted estimation technique under a range of conditions. Three bimodal systems were investigated, each system being composed of a sand facies together with another facies with a larger clay volume fraction; each facies was defined using characteristic values of clay content, porosity, and permeability. Using dielectric information and petrophysical relations, degree of saturation and intrinsic permeability values at each location within the three systems were identified. For bimodal systems, a dielectric constant measurement corresponds to two possible values of saturation and intrinsic permeability at each location; single values of saturation and intrinsic permeability were estimated from these values using the principle of maximum likelihood. Results from case studies demonstrate that a combination of GPR data with conventional borehole data significantly improves the estimates of saturation and has the potential to improve the estimates of permeability over those obtained from well bore data alone. The proposed method should be especially advantageous for vadose zone characterization in areas favorable for GPR data acquisition, where detailed hydraulic parameter information is required but the drilling of numerous boreholes is prohibited.
An Auditory Display for Remote Road Vehicle Operation That Increases Awareness and Presence

Remote operation, which allows a human operator to support a connected and automated vehicle from a distance, has been proposed as a solution to overcome vehicle automation challenges. In the current paper, the use of sound is being explored as a potential improvement to the current predominantly visual remote operator interfaces. An experiment was conducted aimed to test whether an auditory display providing propulsion sound from the ego-vehicle and spatial, augmented sound of surrounding road users would improve the perception of speed and ego motion, as well as situational awareness and presence. The experiment used a within-group 2x2 full factorial design with propulsion sound and spatial augmented sounds on/off as independent variables. 28 participants took part and drove in a simulated environment with the different types of auditory feedback. It was found that the auditory displays’ propulsion sound improved participants' speed regulation performance. Moreover, both the propulsion sound and the augmented sound contributed to the sensation of ego-motion, presence and situational awareness.
Broadband Polarization-Decoupled Metasurface for Generating Tailored Dual-Polarization Conical Beams

Conical beam antenna plays a significant role in providing stable access to satellite signals for moving communication terminals. Although metasurfaces have been used to generate conical beams, most of them can only reflect conical beams with identically distributed and mirror-symmetric phase responses for left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, which can hinder the dual-polarization applications of metasurfaces. In this study, a metasurface is designed to independently manipulate dual-polarized excitations in broadband. To achieve the broadband control of conical beams, broadband conditions for both geometric and propagation phases are developed. Differently, metasurface designed in this study consists of three types of distinguishingly shaped elements, which can provide more degree of freedom in dual-polarization broadband design. In addition, a design method is developed for metasurface to generate the cone angle tailorable conical beams. Via fabricating a metasurface following the proposed method, the designed metasurface is verified in theorem, simulation, and experiment that it can generate desired conical beams with tailored divergent angles and phase responses covering a bandwidth from 12.5 GHz to 17 GHz.