Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histidine phosphorylation relieves copper inhibition in the mammalian potassium channel KCa3.1

KCa2.1, KCa2.2, KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 constitute a family of mammalian small- to intermediate-conductance potassium channels that are activated by calcium-calmodulin. KCa3.1 is unique among these four channels in that activation requires, in addition to calcium, phosphorylation of a single histidine residue (His358) in the cytoplasmic region, by nucleoside diphosphate kinase-B (NDPK-B). The mechanism by which KCa3.1 is activated by histidine phosphorylation is unknown. Histidine phosphorylation is well characterized in prokaryotes but poorly understood in eukaryotes. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of His358 activates KCa3.1 by antagonizing copper-mediated inhibition of the channel. Furthermore, we show that activated CD4+ T cells deficient in intracellular copper exhibit increased KCa3.1 histidine phosphorylation and channel activity, leading to increased calcium flux and cytokine production. These findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for a mammalian potassium channel and for T-cell activation, and highlight a unique feature of histidine versus serine/threonine and tyrosine as a regulatory phosphorylation site. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.16093. 001
Regulatory Defense of the Exercise4nduced Weight Elevation in Hamsters 1

Twelve adult female hamsters were given free access to horizontal disc exercisers over a 41-day period while 10 hamsters of matching weight remained sedentary. An accelerated weight gain of 1.1 g/day on Days 7-41 of activity and during 21 days following its termination led to a 33.8-g upward displacement of exercising hamsters' weight above the weight level maintained by sedentary controls (P < 0.001). The permanence of the exercise-induced weight elevation was tested by subjecting half of the exercised and half of the sedentary hamsters to a 20% weight loss. Upon the reintroduction of unlimited food the sedentary and exercised hamsters which had undergone a 20% weight loss made comparable adjustments in the rate of weight gain and in caloric intake and restored their weight to the level of nonreduced controls. These results demonstrate that disc exercise induces an upward resetting of the regulated weight level in adult hamsters. Adult mammals maintain stable body weight levels over long periods of their life span. Although in the rat weight shifts are induced by absence of food (Widdowson and McCance, 1963), by force feeding (Cohn and Joseph, 1962), by alterations in the levels of gonadal (Tarttelin and Gorski, 1973, Wade, 1972, Zucker, 1969) and adrenal hormones (Mook et al., 1972, Roberts et al., 1972, Stern et al., 1974), and by variable palatability and caloric density of food (Corbit and Stellar, 1964), such weight changes are typically transient. As soon as the hormonal or physiological variables influencing the body weight stop operating, adult rats initiate compensatory behavioral and physiological responses which restore the body weight to that level which prevailed before the onset of weight disturbance. The nature of the regulatory
Impact of Visceral Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Visceral fat has been reported to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We assessed the prevalence of both NAFLD and the MetS, measured visceral fat thickness (VFT), and estimated the physical activity indexes of 224 relatively healthy hospital workers. We also investigated the associations between both VFT and physical activity index and each of NAFLD and the MetS. The MetS was diagnosed according to the guidelines outlined by the Adult Treatment Panel III, and NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Subjects with hepatitis B and C infections and those reporting moderate alcohol consumption were excluded from the study. The prevalence of the MetS was 11.6% and that of NAFLD was 41.5%. Many subjects with the MetS had NAFLD (73.1%), and some subjects with NAFLD (20.4%) also had several components of the MetS (p=0.001). VFT was significantly increased by both the addition of components of the MetS and the severity of NAFLD (p<0.001). In addition, VFT was independently associated with NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.19) in subjects with more than 2 components of the MetS. In contrast, habitual physical activity was reversely associated with NAFLD (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.87). In conclusion, an increased visceral fat content and reduced physical activity could be not only biological markers but also therapeutic targets in the treatment of NAFLD and the MetS.
High Density Lipoprotein Stimulated Migration of Macrophages Depends on the Scavenger Receptor Class B, Type I, PDZK1 and Akt1 and Is Blocked by Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Antagonists

HDL carries biologically active lipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and stimulates a variety of cell signaling pathways in diverse cell types, which may contribute to its ability to protect against atherosclerosis. HDL and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists, FTY720 and SEW2871 triggered macrophage migration. HDL-, but not FTY720-stimulated migration was inhibited by an antibody against the HDL receptor, SR-BI, and an inhibitor of SR-BI mediated lipid transfer. HDL and FTY720-stimulated migration was also inhibited in macrophages lacking either SR-BI or PDZK1, an adaptor protein that binds to SR-BI's C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Migration in response to HDL and S1P receptor agonists was inhibited by treatment of macrophages with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor type 1 (S1PR1) antagonists and by pertussis toxin. S1PR1 activates signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, PKC, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and Rho kinases. Using selective inhibitors or macrophages from gene targeted mice, we demonstrated the involvement of each of these pathways in HDL-dependent macrophage migration. These data suggest that HDL stimulates the migration of macrophages in a manner that requires the activities of the HDL receptor SR-BI as well as S1PR1 activity.
Local incremental planning for nonholonomic mobile robots

We present a simple approach for planning the motion of nonholonomic robots among obstacles. Existing methods lead to open-loop solutions which are either obtained in two stages, approximating a previously built holonomic path, or computationally intensive, being based on configuration space discretization. Our nonholonomic planner employs a direct projection strategy to modify online the output of a holonomic incremental planner, and generates velocity control inputs that realize the desired motion in a least-squares sense. As a result, a feedback scheme is obtained which can use only local sensor information. The proposed approach is applied to unicycle kinematics, with artificial potential fields or vortex fields as local holonomic planners. <<ETX>>
Marchenko-Pastur Law for Tyler's and Maronna's M-estimators

This paper studies the limiting behavior of Tyler’s and Maronna’s Mestimators, in the regime that the number of samples n and the dimension p both go to innity, and p=n converges to a constant y with 0 < y < 1. We prove that when the data samples are identically and independently generated from the Gaussian distribution N(0;I), the dierence between the sample covariance matrix and a scaled version of Tyler’s M-estimator or Maronna’s M-estimator tends to zero in spectral norm, and the empirical spectral densities of both estimators converge to the Marchenko-Pastur distribution. We also extend this result to elliptical-distributed data samples for Tyler’s M-estimator and non-isotropic Gaussian data samples for Maronna’s M-estimator.
Application of Additive Groves to the Learning to Rank Challenge 1. Competition and Data 2. Additive Groves

This paper describes a submission of team AG to the Yahoo! Learning to Rank Challenge held in 2010. This solution has scored 4th place in the main track. The primary algorithm used is Additive Groves of regression trees. Yahoo! Labs organized the first Learning to Rank Challenge in spring 2010. The challenge ran from March 1 to May 31 and received 4, 736 submissions from 1, 055 teams. The competition included two tracks: main track was dedicated to the problem of learning to rank on large data sets itself, and the second track dealt with the transfer learning on smaller data sets. The author participated in the main track, so the rest of the paper will consider the setting of the first problem only. The training data for the first track of the challenge consisted of 473, 134 query-url pairs and 519 features defined for those pairs. The relevance labels took on the values from 0 to 4. As suggested in (Chapelle et al. (2009)), we converted these values to probability of relevance using the formula: R(g) = 2 g 16 , (1) where g is the original label and R(g) is the new label, probability of relevance. Competition data also included validation set (71, 083 data points) and test set (165, 660 data points). Labels for these data sets were not provided. We refer the reader to the paper where Additive Groves were introduced (Sorokina et al. (2007)) for the detailed description of the algorithm, but here it is in a nutshell: Additive Groves ensemble consists of bagged additive models, where every element of an additive model is a tree. A single grove is trained similar to an additive model: each tree is trained on the residuals of the sum of the predictions of the other trees. Such training is performed in the backfitting style: trees are discarded and retrained in turn until the overall predictions converge to a stable function. In addition, each grove of a non-trivial size is iteratively built from smaller models: either a tree is added to a grove with fewer trees or the size of trees is increased in a grove with smaller trees; which of the two steps happen 1
Distributed knowledge

This paper provides a complete characterization of epistemic models in which distributed knowledge complies with the principle of full communication (van der Hoek et al., 1999; Gerbrandy, 1999). It also introduces an extended notion of bisimulation and corresponding model comparison games that match the expressive power of distributed knowledge operators.
ANC system performance analysis using a multiple-LMS-based neural network for high-speed train's noise

Since the eco-era is getting closer, the importance of noise reducing in the passenger cars of high-speed train is very important. The active noise is best choice to reduce low frequency noise because since the passive one too heavy for high speed trains where weight so critical. Also ANC able to reduce the ambient noise when the environmental-factor changes. In this paper, we presents the active noise control (ANC) system based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm and the neural network algorithm for reducing the interior KTX noise. First, the pure noise of the KTX interior without passengers was measured. Then an LMS framework was constructed as a nominal ANC system, and an artificial single-layered perceptron model was designed as an auxiliary ANC to reduce the real-time residual noise due to the non-stationary and uncertain nature of noise. The parameter vector of the hybrid ANC was determined through online estimation to realize an adaptive ANC configuration by means of the steepest descent algorithm. A simulation experiment was performed to demonstrate the proposed ANC system using the previously mentioned realistic acoustic noise.
On the Connectivity of Multihop Bluetooth Ad Hoc Networks

This paper concerns the connectivity of multihop Bluetooth (BT) network. The connectivity properties of the BT network depend mainly in the device discovery procedure. By using a single frequency train instead of double trains in alternate inquiry (inquiry scan) periods, simulation results show that nodes can discover most of their neighbors in shorter time and hence the BT is connected with high probability. The emerged BT graph is compared with the physical graph in terms of probability of connectivity, average node degree, minimum degree and the shortest path length.
Code-Aided Turbo Synchronization

The introduction of turbo and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with iterative decoding that almost attain Shannon capacity challenges the synchronization subsystems of a data modem. Fast and accurate signal synchronization has to be performed at a much lower value of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than in previous less efficiently coded systems. The solution to this issue is developing specific synchronization techniques that take advantage of the presence of the channel code and of the iterative nature of decoding: the so-called turbo-synchronization algorithms. The aim of this paper within this special issue devoted to the turbo principle is twofold: on the one hand, it shows how the many turbo-synchronization algorithms that have already appeared in the literature can be cast into a simple and rigorous theoretical framework. On the other hand, it shows the application of such techniques in a few simple cases, and evaluates improvement that can be obtained from them, especially in the low-SNR regime.
Quand le capital de risque influence la motivation des entrepreneurs

L'entrepreneur technologique, animé par plusieurs motivations, évolue dans un environnement favorisant une croissance rapide. Ce contexte, influencé par le capital de risque, peut faire apparaître des conflits interpersonnels avec le fondateur ou le faire échouer dans son entreprise. Cette recherche porte sur la relation entre les motivations de l'entrepreneur technologique et la croissance de sa nouvelle entreprise, pour ensuite explorer l'influence des investisseurs en capital de risque sur cette relation. Cette étude aborde, sous l'angle de la confiance et du conflit, un domaine inexploré de la littérature. Il s'agit du rôle joué par la compatibilité des motivations entrepreneuriales avec celles des investisseurs dans le succès des nouvelles entreprises technologiques. Des motivations compatibles, traduites par des attentes communes, une même vision, une relation de partage et l'agencement des personnalités favorisent la pérennité de la relation d'affaires et la croissance. L'inverse peut mener à des conflits et nuire à la croissance.
Textual Data Mining through the Synergistic Combination of Classifiers and Linguistic Processors

Numerical data mining tools are generally quite robust but only provide coarse-granularity results; such tools can handle very large inputs. Computational linguistic tools are able to provide fine-granularity results but are less robust; such tools, often semi-automatic, usually handle relatively short inputs. A synergistic combination of both types of tools is the basis of our hybrid approach. First, a connectionist classifier is used to locate potentially interesting documents, or segments thereof. Second, the user selects segments that will be forwarded to the linguistic processor in order to semi-automatically analyse their textual data and extract relevant information or knowledge elements. We present the main characteristics of our hybrid approach to textual data mining, plus a methodology by which it can be put to use. We also report on the results of a first evaluation involving a corpus made up of two texts pertaining to two
A Unified Framework for Concurrent Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection

Extensive research interest has been focused on protecting vulnerable road users in recent years, particularly pedestrians and cyclists, due to their attributes of vulnerability. However, comparatively little effort has been spent on detecting pedestrian and cyclist together, particularly when it concerns quantitative performance analysis on large datasets. In this paper, we present a unified framework for concurrent pedestrian and cyclist detection, which includes a novel detection proposal method (termed UB-MPR) to output a set of object candidates, a discriminative deep model based on Fast R-CNN for classification and localization, and a specific postprocessing step to further improve detection performance. Experiments are performed on a new pedestrian and cyclist dataset containing 30 490 annotated pedestrian and 26 771 cyclist instances in over 50 000 images, recorded from a moving vehicle in the urban traffic of Beijing. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods significantly.
Wave Packet Simulation of Warm Dense Hydrogen

We have extended previous formulations of the wavepacket molecular dynamics (WPMD) by implementing full antisymmetrization for the electron-electron interaction and by introducing approximate Bloch waves to account for the periodic continuation of the simulation box. The improved antisymmetrization leads to a modified volume element in the Monte-Carlo (MC) sampling which serves to limit an unphysical growth of the width of the wave packets for unbound electrons. Using this scheme we performed WPMD simulations for dense hydrogen. As a benchmark, we have compared the results with experiments [1] and competing models. The equation of state at T = 300 K agrees well with diffusion Monte-Carlo results [2] Both theoretical approaches yield somewhat higher pressures than observed in the diamond anvil experiments, which were carried out up to densities n = 0.7 ·10m. The simulation results show a transition from molecular hydrogen to a metallic phase with delocalized electrons. The transition was analyzed and confirmed by examining several observables, trend in pressure, spatial widths of electronic wavefunctions, conductivity Fig. 1, particle distributions, and pair-distribution functions. The experimental results stop presently somewhat lower than the predicted transition point near n = 0.9 · 10m. Systematic simulations for a wide range of densities and temperatures yield a clear transition curve in the p−T plane Fig. 2 with a molecular phase at low temperatures and/or pressures and a metallic state otherwise. Results from density functional calculations [3, 4, 5] lie very close to the results from WPMD. At the transition curve, there is a regime of phase transition where metallic and molecular phase can coexist at the same temperature and pressure, however at much different densities (metallic hydrogen having
Perioperative Rehabilitation Using a Knee Extension Device and Arthroscopic Debridement in the Treatment of Arthrofibrosis

Background: Arthrofibrosis is a postoperative complication of intra-articular knee surgery that can be difficult to treat. Evidence suggests that maximizing knee range of motion may improve outcomes in patients with arthrofibrosis who undergo arthroscopic debridement. Hypothesis: Patients who achieve greater knee range of motion will have better subjective scores. Study Design: Retrospective case series analysis. Methods: A review of records was performed for 33 patients with arthrofibrosis who underwent knee arthroscopy and scar resection coupled with perioperative rehabilitation to maximize knee range of motion. Patient demographics and preoperative and postoperative range of motion measurements were extracted from the records. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form was administered to assess pain, activity, and knee function. Patients performed a preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation program utilizing a knee extension device to maximize knee extension. Results: According to the IKDC range of motion criteria, 27 of 33 patients achieved normal knee extension, and 14 of 33 achieved normal knee flexion at a mean of 8.6 months after surgery. Patients with normal knee motion had a mean IKDC Subjective Knee Form score of 72.6 ± 13.6, which was significantly higher than patients who did not achieve normal motion (P = .04). Overall, mean IKDC Subjective Knee Form scores improved from 45.3 ± 16.7 preoperatively to 67.1 ± 18.0 postoperatively (P < .01) at a mean of 14.7 months after surgery. Conclusions: Perioperative rehabilitation that emphasizes restoration of normal knee range of motion appears to improve outcomes in patients with arthrofibrosis who undergo arthroscopic scar resection. In support of our hypothesis, patients who achieved greater knee range of motion had better subjective knee scores.
Competing associations in six-species predator–prey models

We study a set of six-species ecological models where each species has two predators and two prey. On a square lattice the time evolution is governed by iterated invasions between the neighbouring predator–prey pairs chosen at random and by a site exchange with a probability Xs between the neutral pairs. These models involve the possibility of spontaneous formation of different defensive alliances whose members protect each other from the external invaders. The Monte Carlo simulations show a surprisingly rich variety of the stable spatial distributions of species and subsequent phase transitions when tuning the control parameter Xs. These very simple models are able to demonstrate that the competition between these associations influences their composition. Sometimes the dominant association is developed via a domain growth. In other cases larger and larger invasion processes precede the prevalence of one of the stable associations. Under some conditions the survival of all the species can be maintained by the cyclic dominance occurring between these associations.
Filles déscolarisées et apprentissage des « métiers masculins » dans la ville de Kinshasa : quelle image sociale ?

In the city of Kinshasa there has been a marked increase in the numbers of women expressing an interest in jobs traditionally thought of as male occupations. The case of the out-of-school girls learning mechanics is a good illustration of this new phenomenon. In a society in which access to employment in the formal sector is saturated, apprenticeships organized in non-formal educa- tional centers offer out-of-school girls the opportunity to develop practical skills that can be used immediately, and so help them create their own employment opportunities. The choice to learn the 'male occupation' of mechanics contrasts with the cultural conceptions about the boundaries between the female and male oriented work. Considering such a contrast, and the recurring politi- cal discourse concerning gender equality, which encourages women to integrate into all spheres of social activity, it is interesting to question the inhabitants of Kinshasa about the relevance of the occupation choices of the out-of-school girls and about their skill levels in the "male jobs" arena. The survey showed that the inhabitants of Kinshasa are against the division of work along gender lines and remain in favor of the idea that men and women should be able to pursue jobs according to their skills rather than their sex.
Sound generation in a mixing layer

The sound generated by vortex pairing in a two-dimensional compressible mixing layer is investigated. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the Navier–Stokes equations are used to compute both the near-field region and a portion of the acoustic field. The acoustic analogy due to Lilley (1974) is also solved with acoustic sources determined from the near-field data of the DNS. It is shown that several commonly made simplifications to the acoustic sources can lead to erroneous predictions for the acoustic field. Predictions based on the quadrupole form of the source terms derived by Goldstein (1976a, 1984) are in excellent agreement with the acoustic field from the DNS. However, despite the low Mach number of the flow, the acoustic far field generated by the vortex pairings cannot be described by considering compact quadrupole sources. The acoustic sources have the form of modulated wave packets and the acoustic far field is described by a superdirective model (Crighton & Huerre 1990). The presence of flow–acoustic interactions in the computed source terms causes the acoustic field predicted by the acoustic analogy to be very sensitive to small changes in the description of the source.