Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choix des stratégies économiques et irréversibilités : le cas des politiques ayant une influence sur les ressources forestières en Indonésie

Les atteintes de la croissance economique et de la progression des niveaux de vie sur l'environnement naturel prennent une dimension telle qu'elles pourraient devenir une menace pour l'espece humaine. La recherche d'un developpement soutenable est l'enjeu de cette derniere decennie. En choisissant un exemple, la deforestation en region tropicale, l'etude porte sur la multiplicite des consequences de la surexploitation de l'environnement naturel sur le developpement des activites humaines. Les choix de politiques economiques ont une influence de premier ordre sur le rythme d'exploitation du milieu naturel. Les strategies economiques peuvent avoir des consequences irreversibles sur l'environnement et le retour a des strategies plus flexibles peut representer un cout. L'analyse est realisee sur un cas particulier : l'Indonesie. L'auteur teste l'emploi d'un modele d'equilibre general calculable pour determiner les consequences des politiques economiques sur les ressources naturelles et sur l'ensemble de l'economie. Pour cela, un modele applique simple de l'economie indonesienne est realise, en reliant l'activite economique a la foret. Ceci permet de comprendre les caracteristiques de cet outil et de proposer des ameliorations pour une analyse ulterieure (resume d'auteur)
Discussion about Visual Dependence in Balance Control: European Society for Clinical Evaluation of Balance Disorders.

The executive committee of the European Society for the clinical evaluation of balance disorders meets annually to address equilibrium problems that are not well understood. This is a review paper on discussions in the latest meeting we held. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seeing patients with vestibular disorders who end up depending on visual information as part of their compensation process is a common clinical occurrence. However, this "visual dependence" can generate symptoms, which include nausea, sensations of imbalance, and anxiety. It is unclear how this develops, as symptoms can be widely variable from patient to patient. There are several triggering factors to this symptom set, and quantifying it in a given patient is extremely difficult Results: The committee agreed that the presence of this symptom set can be suggestive of vestibular pathology, but the pathology does not have to be present. As a result, there is no correlation between symptom severity and test results. CONCLUSION Visual dependence can often be present in a patient, although little, if any, measurable pathology is present. It is important to emphasize that although we cannot accurately measure this with either standardized testing or pertinent questionnaires, "hypersensitive" patients have a genuine disease and their symptoms are not of psychiatric origin.
Induction of long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients is associated with improvement of beta-cell function.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether long-term optimal glycemic control can be achieved without medication by transient continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and the possible mechanisms responsible for this remission. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (n = 138, fasting glucose >11.1mmol/l) were hospitalized and treated with CSII for 2 weeks. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were performed, and blood glucose, HbA(1c), lipid profiles, proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide were measured before and after CSII. Patients were followed longitudinally on diet alone after withdrawal of insulin. RESULTS Optimal glycemic control was achieved within 6.3 +/- 3.9 days by CSII in 126 patients. The remission rates (percentages maintaining near euglycemia) at the third, sixth, twelfth, and twenty-fourth month were 72.6, 67.0, 47.1, and 42.3%, respectively. Patients who maintained glycemic control >12 months (remission group) had greater recovery of beta-cell function than those who did not (nonremission group) when assessed immediately after CSII. Homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin during IVGTT were higher in the remission group (145.4 +/- 89.6 vs. 78.5 +/- 68.5, P = 0.002, and 1,423.4 +/- 523.2 vs. 1,159.5 +/- 476.8 pmol x l(-1) x min(-1), P = 0.044). Change in acute insulin response was also greater in the remission group than that in the nonremission group (621.8 +/- 430.4 vs. 387.3 +/- 428.8 pmol x l(-1) x min(-1), P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Short-term intensive insulin therapy can induce long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with severe hyperglycemia. The improvement of beta-cell function, especially the restoration of first-phase insulin secretion, could be responsible for the remission.
Light Source Interpolation for Sparsely Sampled Reflectance Fields

In this paper we address the problem of relighting with sparsely sampled reectance elds. We present a technique that approximates the correct result of relighting from intermediate light source positions. The acquisition of reectance elds is a time consuming process, and typically the sampling resolution in the light source positions is rather limited. As a consequence, smoothly moving highlights and shadows due to relighting with a moving light source are hard to generate. Using light source interpolation, densely sampled reectance elds can be simulated, enabling relighting with area light sources and smooth animation of highlights and shadows. Using light source interpolation we can relight with arbitrarily sampled 4D incident light elds from complex or near-by light sources.
Personalized Tracking of Goals and Gains after Psychotherapy Using Behavioral Data

A multitude of stimuli can trigger anxiety or fear. If anxiety becomes pronounced and begins to impinge on a person's social functioning, psychologists speak of anxiety disorders. Most fears and anxieties are strongly tied to location: for example, fear of bridges, crowded places, or elevators. Even when fear is elicited by specific, animate stimuli such as dogs or spiders, there are often strong ties with certain locations (e.g. the dog park). As a consequence of this marked worry and anxiety, people with phobias often cease to approach these locations – they avoid them. Besides the tremendous deleterious impact on general wellbeing and personal life, the economic consequences of anxiety disorders also impacts society. Exposure therapy is the treatment of choice for anxiety disorders and involves deliberate, systematic confrontation of feared stimuli. Although highly effective, return of fear post-treatment remains a significant problem for many individuals. There is evidence to suggest that fears return due to a lack of regular self-exposure to feared situations. We outline a software tool that allows feared situations to be identified within psychotherapy sessions that can be later used to create dynamic “fear maps”. These maps update as patients systematically confront these locations. In addition, we outline how principles from gamification can be used to depict quantified gains, and performance generally. Our application collects GPS and self-report data collected by mobile phones. Tracking the location of patients allows i) identification of movement patterns and ii) tagging of user's emotional ratings at specific locations. This information helps the users to better quantify and understand the extent of their avoidance behavior, their progress and achievements, and importantly, provides an individualized measure of relapse potential.
Comparison of Policies for Epidemic Broadcast in DTNs under Different Mobility Models

The broadcast diffusion of messages in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) is heavily dependent on nodes mobility, since protocols must rely on contact opportunities among devices to diffuse data. This work is a first effort to study how the dynamics of nodes affect both the effectiveness of the broadcast protocols in diffusing data, and their efficiency in using the network resources. The paper describes three control mechanisms. The mechanisms characterize a family of protocols able to achieve some awareness about the surrounding environment, and to use this knowledge in order to keep the broadcast overhead low, while ensuring high node coverage. Simulation results allow to identify the winning mechanisms to diffuse messages in DTNs under different conditions. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-onDemand.com]
Temperature‐dependent shifts in herbivore performance and interactions drive nonlinear changes in crop damages

Understanding how and to what extent the influence of temperature on physiological performance scales up to interspecific interactions and process rate patterns remains a major scientific challenge faced by ecologists. Here, we combined approaches developed by two conceptual frameworks in ecology, the stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH), and the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship (B‐EF), to test the hypothesis that interspecific difference in thermal performance modulates multiple species interactions along a thermal stress (SGH) and the subsequent richness effects on process rates (B‐EF). We designed an experiment using three species of herbivorous agricultural pests with different thermal optima for which we determined how temperature influences the direction and the strength of interaction and subsequent richness effects on crop damage (7 species interaction treatments × 6 temperature treatments × 10 replicates). We showed that both biotic interactions and species richness effects drive variations in crop damages along a thermal stress gradient, and thus have the potential to drive agro‐system responses to climate change. To help explain and generalize underlying mechanisms of richness effects on process rates, we further proposed a conceptual model that views interaction outcomes as shifting between positive and negative along a thermal stress depending on species thermal optima. Overall, our study demonstrates that nonlinear effects of temperature on process rates must be a major concern in terms of prediction and management of the consequences of global warming.
Reduced Basal ATP Synthetic Flux of Skeletal Muscle in Patients with Previous Acromegaly

Background Impaired mitochondrial function and ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscle and liver have been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity. As growth hormone (GH) excess can reduce insulin sensitivity, we examined the impact of previous acromegaly (AM) on glucose metabolism, lipid storage and muscular ATP turnover. Participants and Methods Seven AM (4f/3 m, age: 46±4 years, BMI: 28±1 kg/m2) and healthy volunteers (CON: 3f/4 m, 43±4 years, 26±2 kg/m2) matched for age and body mass underwent oral glucose testing for assessment of insulin sensitivity (OGIS) and ß-cell function (adaptation index, ADAP). Whole body oxidative capacity was measured with indirect calorimetry and spiroergometry. Unidirectional ATP synthetic flux (fATP) was assessed from 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of calf muscle. Lipid contents of tibialis anterior (IMCLt) and soleus muscles (IMCLs) and liver (HCL) were measured with 1H MRS. Results Despite comparable GH, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) and insulin sensitivity, AM had ∼85% lower ADAP (p<0.01) and ∼21% reduced VO2max (p<0.05). fATP was similarly ∼25% lower in AM (p<0.05) and related positively to ADAP (r = 0.744, p<0.01), but negatively to BMI (r = −0.582, p<0.05). AM had ∼3fold higher HCL (p<0.05) while IMCLt and IMCLs did not differ between the groups. Conclusions Humans with a history of acromegaly exhibit reduced insulin secretion, muscular ATP synthesis and oxidative capacity but elevated liver fat content. This suggests that alterations in ß-cell function and myocellular ATP production may persist despite normalization of GH secretion after successful treatment of acromegaly.
Combinatorial Properties and Constructions of Traceability Schemes and Frameproof Codes

In this paper, we investigate combinatorial properties and constructions of two recent topics of cryptographic interest, namely frameproof codes for digital fingerprinting and traceability schemes for broadcast encryption. We first give combinatorial descriptions of these two objects in terms of set systems and also discuss the Hamming distance of frameproof codes when viewed as error-correcting codes. From these descriptions, it is seen that existence of a c-traceability scheme implies the existence of a c-frameproof code. We then give several constructions of frameproof codes and traceability schemes by using combinatorial structures such as t-designs, packing designs, error-correcting codes, and perfect hash families. We also investigate embeddings of frameproof codes and traceability schemes, which allow a given scheme to be expanded at a later date to accommodate more users. Finally, we look briefly at bounds which establish necessary conditions for existence of these structures.
Selective addition of corpus-extracted phrasal lexical rules to a rule-based machine translation system

In this work, we show how an existing rule-based, general-purpose machine translation system may be improved and adapted automatically to a given domain, whenever parallel corpora are available. We perform this adap-tation by extracting dictionary entries from the parallel data. From this initial set, the application of these rules is tested against the baseline performance. Rules are then pruned depend-ing on sentence-level improvements and deteriorations, as evaluated by an automatic string-based metric. Experiments using the Europarl dataset show a 3% absolute improvement in BLEU over the original rule-based system.
Output feedback control using small-gain conditions for stochastic nonlinear systems with SiISS inverse dynamics

This article further discusses output feedback control for stochastic nonlinear systems with stochastic integral input-to-state stability (SiISS) inverse dynamics. Based on the stochastic LaSalle theorem and small-gain type conditions on SiISS, an output feedback controller using the backstepping method is constructively designed to guarantee that all the closed-loop signals are bounded almost surely and the stochastic closed-loop system is globally asymptotically stable in probability.
Limits of Control Flow on Parallelism

This paper discusses three techniques useful in relaxing the constraints imposed by control flow on parallelism: control dependence analysis, executing multiple flows of control simultaneously, and speculative execution. We evaluate these techniques by using trace simulations to find the limits of parallelism for machines that employ different combinations of these techniques. We have three major results. First, local regions of code have limited parallelism, and control dependence analysis is useful in extracting global parallelism from different parts of a program. Second, a superscalar processor is fundamentally limited because it cannot execute independent regions of code concurrently. Higher performance can be obtained with machines, such as multiprocessors and dataflow machines, that can simultaneously follow multiple flows of control. Finally, without speculative execution to allow instructions to execute be- fore their control dependences are resolved, only modest amounts of parallelism can be obtained for programs with complex control flow.
Loss of the calcium channel β4 subunit impairs parallel fibre volley and Purkinje cell firing in cerebellum of adult ataxic mice

The auxiliary voltage‐gated calcium channel subunit β4 supports targeting of calcium channels to the cell membrane, modulates ionic currents and promotes synaptic release in the central nervous system. β4 is abundant in cerebellum and its loss causes ataxia. However, the type of calcium channels and cerebellar functions affected by the loss of β4 are currently unknown. We therefore studied the structure and function of Purkinje cells in acute cerebellar slices of the β4−/− ataxic (lethargic) mouse, finding that loss of β4 affected Purkinje cell input, morphology and pacemaker activity. In adult lethargic cerebellum evoked postsynaptic currents from parallel fibres were depressed, while paired‐pulse facilitation and spontaneous synaptic currents were unaffected. Because climbing fibre input was spared, the parallel fibre/climbing fibre input ratio was reduced. The dendritic arbor of adult lethargic Purkinje cells displayed fewer and shorter dendrites, but a normal spine density. Accordingly, the width of the molecular and granular layers was reduced. These defects recapitulate the impaired cerebellar maturation observed upon Cav2.1 ataxic mutations. However, unlike Cav2.1 mutations, lethargic Purkinje cells also displayed a striking decrease in pacemaker firing frequency, without loss of firing regularity. All these deficiencies appear in late development, indicating the importance of β4 for the normal differentiation and function of mature Purkinje cells networks. The observed reduction of the parallel fibre input, the altered parallel fibre/climbing fibre ratio and the reduced Purkinje cell output can contribute to the severe motor impairment caused by the loss of the calcium channel β4 subunit in lethargic mice.
Detection and recognition of speed limit signs

In this paper, we propose a new method of speedlimit sign detection and recognition, which is based on the information of gray image. This method has a real-time processing ability to remind drivers about the speed limitation when they drive their vehicles in different road conditions. The method contains four main processing modules: speed-limit sign detection, speed-limit sign segmentation, speed-limit sign recognition and system integration. For detecting speed limit signs, Adaboost algorithm and Circular Hough Transform (CHT) are used. For recognizing speed-limit signs, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used which has a high recognition performance up to 97.02% in our experiments. By integrating the four processing modules efficiently, a high efficient speedlimit sign detection and recognition system for gray image has been developed.
Combination of microneedling and glycolic acid peels for the treatment of acne scars in dark skin

Introduction Acne scars can cause emotional and psychosocial disturbance to the patient. Various modalities have been used for the treatment of acne scars like punch excision, subcision, peels, microdermabrasion, unfractionated and fractioned lasers. The latest in the treatment armamentarium is microneedling. Acne scars commonly coexist with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. A combination of microneedling and glycolic acid (GA) peels was found to give excellent results in the treatment of such scars. The aim was to study the efficacy of a combination of microneedling with glycolic peel for the treatment of acne scars in pigmented skin.
Evolution of Cooperation in Continuous Prisoner＇s Dilemma Games on Barabasi-Albert Networks with Degree-Dependent Guilt Mechanism

这份报纸在 BarabasiAlbert (BA ) 网络上学习连续囚犯的窘境游戏(CPDG ) 。 在模型，网络的一个顶点上的每个代理人做一项投资并且他的附近的代理人与所有交往。 做一项投资是昂贵的，但是它有益于它的附近的代理人，在利益和费用取决于做的投资的水平的地方。 每个代理人的发薪被它在它和所有它的邻居的相互作用收到的发薪的和给。 不仅发薪，个人在比赛的有罪的情感也被考虑了。 在与它的邻居作比较生产的否定有罪的情感能直接减少个人的用途。 我们假设减小数量取决于个人的学位和一个基线水平参数。 这个组的合作水平被人口的平均投资描绘。 每个播放器在最后步，他在数字被一个存储器长度参数控制的最近的步的最好的历史策略，和一致地分布式的随机基于他的最好的邻居的投资的凸的联合在下一步做他的投资数字。 模拟结果证明这度依赖者罪机制能支持戏剧性地与度无关的罪或没有罪盒子作比较的合作的进化。 模仿，记忆，无常系数和网络结构也在人口的合作水平起决定因素作用。 所有我们的结果可以在基于网络交换机制学习合作的进化上打开一些新灯。
Folate supplementation increases genomic DNA methylation in the liver of elder rats

The availability of folate is implicated as a determinant of DNA methylation, a functionally important feature of DNA. Nevertheless, when this phenomenon has been examined in the rodent model, the effect has not always been observed. Several reasons have been postulated for the inconsistency between studies: the rodent is less dependent on folate as a methyl source than man; juvenile animals, which most studies use, are more resistant to folate depletion than old animals; methods to measure genomic DNA methylation might not be sensitive enough to detect differences. We therefore examined the relationship between folate and genomic DNA methylation in an elder rat model with a newly developed method that can measure genomic DNA methylation sensitively and precisely. Thirty-nine 1-year-old rats were divided into three groups and fed a diet containing 0, 4·5 or 18 μmol folate/kg (folate-deplete, -replete and -supplemented groups, respectively). Rats were killed at 8 and 20 weeks. At both time points, mean liver folate concentrations increased incrementally between the folate-deplete, -replete and -supplemented rats (P for trend <0·001) and by 20 weeks hepatic DNA methylation also increased incrementally between the folate-deplete, -replete and -supplemented rats (P for trend=0·025). At both time points folate-supplemented rats had significantly increased levels of DNA methylation compared with folate-deplete\ rats (P<0·05). There was a strong correlation between hepatic folate concentration and genomic DNA methylation in the liver (r 0·48, P=0·004). In the liver of this animal model, dietary folate over a wide range of intakes modulates genomic DNA methylation.
Identifying categories of end users based on the abstractions that they create

Software created by end users often lacks key quality attributes that professional programmers try to ensure through the use of abstraction. Yet to date, large-scale studies of end users have not examined end user software usage at a level which is sufficiently fine-grained to determine the extent to which they create abstractions. To address this, we deployed an online survey to Information Week subscribers to ask about not only software usage but also feature usage related to abstraction creation. Most respondents did create abstractions. Moreover, through factor analysis, we found that features fell into three clusters–when users had a propensity to use one feature, then they also had a propensity to use other features in the same cluster. These clusters corresponded to macro features, linked data structure features, and imperative features. For each of the three factors, we created a scale and used it to categorize users into two bins—those with a high propensity to use features associated with that scale, and those with a low propensity. Compared to users with a low propensity to use imperative features, users with a high propensity to use imperative features were more likely to report testing and documenting. Propensity to use linked structure features was less strongly related to these practices. These findings represent a step toward a more complete map of end users’ skills. This work has been funded in part by the EUSES Consortium via the National Science Foundation (ITR0325273), by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-0438929, by the Sloan Software Industry Center at Carnegie Mellon, and by the High Dependability Computing Program from NASA Ames cooperative agreement NCC-2-1298. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
Putting Things in Order: Trade Dynamics and Product Cycles

We develop a procedure to rank-order objects using censored panel data sets. We illustrate this by ranking countries and commodities using disaggregated American import data and find evidence that countries and commodities can be ranked. Countries habitually begin to export goods to the United States according to an ordering; goods are also exported in order. We estimate these orderings using a methodology, that takes account of the fact that most goods are not exported by most countries in our sample. Our orderings seem sensible, robust, and intuitive, and they are correlated with macroeconomic phenomena such as productivity and growth rates.