Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A nonlinear model of information-seeking behavior

This paper offers a new, nonlinear model of information-seeking behavior, which contrasts with earlier stage models of information behavior and represents a potential cornerstone for a shift toward a new perspective for understanding user information behavior. The model is based on the findings of a study on interdisciplinary information-seeking behavior. The study followed a naturalistic inquiry approach using interviews of 45 academics. The interview results were inductively analyzed and an alternative framework for understanding information-seeking behavior was developed. This model illustrates three core processes and three levels of contextual interaction, each composed of several individual activities and attributes. These interact dynamically through time in a nonlinear manner. The behavioral patterns are analogous to an artist's palette, in which activities remain available throughout the course of information-seeking. In viewing the processes in this way, neither start nor finish points are fixed, and each process may be repeated or lead to any other until either the query or context determine that information-seeking can end. The interactivity and shifts described by the model show information-seeking to be nonlinear, dynamic, holistic, and flowing. The paper offers four main implications of the model as it applies to existing theory and models, requirements for future research, and the development of information literacy curricula. Central to these implications is the creation of a new nonlinear perspective from which user information-seeking can be interpreted.
A Side of Mercury Not Seen by Mariner 10

More than 60,000 images of Mercury were taken at ∼29° elevation during two sunrises, at 820 nm, and through a 1.35 m diameter off-axis aperture on the Southern Astrophysical Research telescope. The sharpest resolve ∼0.2″ (140 km) and cover 190°-300° longitude—a swath unseen by the Mariner 10 spacecraft—at complementary phase angles to previous ground-based optical imagery. Our view is comparable to that of the Moon through a pair of weak binoculars. Evident are the large crater Mozart shadowed on the terminator, fresh rayed craters, and other albedo features keyed to topography and radar reflectivity, including the putative huge "Basin S" on the limb. The classical bright feature Liguria resolves across the northwest boundary of the Caloris basin into a bright splotch centered on a sharp, 20 km diameter radar crater, and is the brightest feature within a prominent darker "cap" (Hermean feature Solitudo Phoenicis) that covers much of the northern hemisphere between longitudes 80° and 250°. The cap may result from space weathering that darkens via a magnetically enhanced flux of the solar wind, or that reddens low latitudes via high solar insolation.
QUANTUM CALCULATION OF INELASTIC CO COLLISIONS WITH H. III. RATE COEFFICIENTS FOR RO-VIBRATIONAL TRANSITIONS

We present calculated rate coefficients for ro-vibrational transitions of CO in collisions with H atoms for a gas temperature range of 10 K ≤ T ≤ 3000 K, based on the recent three-dimensional ab initio H–CO interaction potential of Song et al. Rate coefficients for ro-vibrational v = 1 , j = 0 – 30 → v ′ = 0 , j ′ ? > transitions were obtained from scattering cross sections previously computed with the close-coupling (CC) method by Song et al. Combining these with the rate coefficients for vibrational v = 1 – 5 → v ′ < v ? > quenching obtained with the infinite-order sudden approximation, we propose a new extrapolation scheme that yields the rate coefficients for ro-vibrational v = 2 – 5 , j = 0 – 30 → v ′ , j ′ ? > de-excitation. Cross sections and rate coefficients for ro-vibrational v = 2 , j = 0 – 30 → v ′ = 1 , j ′ ? > transitions calculated with the CC method confirm the effectiveness of this extrapolation scheme. Our calculated and extrapolated rates are very different from those that have been adopted in the modeling of many astrophysical environments. The current work provides the most comprehensive and accurate set of ro-vibrational de-excitation rate coefficients for the astrophysical modeling of the H–CO collision system. The application of the previously available and new data sets in astrophysical slab models shows that the line fluxes typically change by 20%–70% in high temperature environments (800 K) with an H/H2 ratio of 1; larger changes occur for lower temperatures.
ime to Address the Cardiac etabolic “ Triple Whammy ” schemic Heart ailure in Diabetic Patients *

he prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic schemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus is increasing in ost societies, and it is not surprising that in most large linical trials of CHF at least 75% of patients have underying ischemic heart disease while approximately 20% to 5% of patients have diabetes (1,2). There is strong evidence hat the presence of diabetes in patients with CHF is an ndependent marker of adverse prognosis (3), and it has lso been suggested that outcomes tend to be worse in atients with ischemic, as distinct from non-ischemic, ardiomyopathy (4).
Geometrical determinations of IMRT photon pencil-beam path in radiotherapy wedges and limit divergence angle with the Anisotropic Analytic Algorithm (AAA)

Purpose: Static wedge filters (WF) are commonly used in radiation therapy, forward and/or inverse planning. We calculated the exact 2D/3D geometrical pathway of the photon-beam through the usual alloy WF, in order to get a better dose related to the beam intensity attenuation factor(s), after the beam has passed through the WF. The objective was to provide general formulation into the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) model coordinates system (depending on collimator/wedge angles) that also can be applied to other models. Additionally, second purpose of this study was to develop integral formulation for 3D wedge exponential factor with statistical approximations, with introduction for the limit angle/conformal wedge. Methods : The radiotherapy model used to develop this mathematical task is the classical superposition-convolution algorithm, AAA (developed by Ulmer and Harder). We worked with optimal geometrical approximations to make the computational IMRT calculations quicker/reduce the planning-system time. Analytic geometry/computational-techniques to carry out simulations (for standard wedges) are detailed/developed sharply. Integral developments/integral-statistical approximations are explained. Beam-divergence limit Angle for optimal wedge filtration formulas is calculated/sketched, with geometrical approximations. Fundamental trigonometry is used for this purpose. Results: Extent simulation tables for WF of 15o, 30o, 45o, and 60o are shown with errors. As a result, it is possible to determine the best individual treatment dose distribution for each patient. We presented these basic simulations/numerical examples for standard manufacturing WF of straight sloping surface, to check the accuracy/errors of the calculations. Simulations results give low RMS/Relative Error values (formulated) for WF of 15o, 30o, 45o, and 60o. Conclusion : We obtained a series of formulas of analytic geometry for WF that can be applied for any particular dose delivery model. Simulations results gave acceptable trigonometrical approximations/data that can be used for LINAC applications/planning-system software. The integral formulas presented are practical for dose delivery calculations/3D-approximations when using WF/other similar types of beam modification devices. Limit angle formulation and conformal wedge concept was also presented. Cite this article as: Casesnoves F. Geometrical determinations of IMRT photon pencil-beam path in radiotherapy wedges and limit divergence angle with the Anisotropic Analytic Algorithm (AAA). Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2 (3):02031. DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.0203. 1
Cell wall evolution and diversity

Plant cell walls display a considerable degree of diversity in their compositions and molecular architectures. In some cases the functional significance of a particular cell wall type appears to be easy to discern: secondary cells walls are often reinforced with lignin that provides durability; the thin cell walls of pollen tubes have particular compositions that enable their tip growth; lupin seed cell walls are characteristically thickened with galactan used as a storage polysaccharide. However, more frequently the evolutionary mechanisms and selection pressures that underpin cell wall diversity and evolution are unclear. For diverse green plants (chlorophytes and streptophytes) the rapidly increasing availability of transcriptome and genome data sets, the development of methods for cell wall analyses which require less material for analysis, and expansion of molecular probe sets, are providing new insights into the diversity and occurrence of cell wall polysaccharides and associated biosynthetic genes. Such research is important for refining our understanding of some of the fundamental processes that enabled plants to colonize land and to subsequently radiate so comprehensively. The study of cell wall structural diversity is also an important aspect of the industrial utilization of global polysaccharide bio-resources.
A high-data-rate low-power BPSK demodulator and clock recovery circuit for implantable biomedical devices

A novel noncoherent BPSK demodulator is presented for inductively powered biomedical implants. Data demodulation is based on the detection of the rising or falling edge of the digitized received carrier. Ultra low power consumption and high data transmission rate, without increasing the carrier frequency, are accomplished by the outstanding data-rate-to-carrier-frequency ratio of 100%. Thus, the proposed demodulator is especially appropriate for biomedical applications such as cochlear implants and visual prostheses that require high speed data transfer. The circuit is designed in 0.18-µm standard CMOS technology. At a data transmission rate of 20 Mbps, power consumption of the circuit is as low as 310 µW@1.8V.
Comparing an Individual-based Model of Behaviour Diffusion with its Mean Field Aggregate Approximation

In this paper we compare a version of the individual-based â€œthreshold modelâ€ of innovation diffusion (Valente 95) with an aggregate deterministic model that we constructed from it. The classical threshold model supposes that an individual adopts a behaviour according to a trade-off between a social pressure (the number of his neighbours adopting the behaviour) and a personal interest or resistance to change (the threshold). The aggregate model makes approximations in order to estimate the evolution of groups of individuals with the same number of neighbours of similar behaviour. We compare both models at different points of the parameter space. We find that the aggregate model gives a good approximation of the individual in some cases ; however in other cases the behaviour of the aggregate approximation differs. Using theoretical interpretation of this difference based on a study of the attractors of the aggregate model, we hypothesise that the two models have the same behaviour when the aggregate model has only one attractor and that differences can occur when it has two.
Mathematical Simulation of Transport Kinetics of Tumor-Imaging Radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MIBI

The proposed model describes in a quality way the process of tumor-imaging radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MIBI distribution with taking into account radiopharmaceutical accumulation, elimination, and radioactive decay. The dependencies of concentration versus the time are analyzed. The model can be easily tested by the concentration data of the radioactive pharmaceuticals in the blood measured at early time point and late time point of the scanning, and the obtained data can be used for determination of the washout rate coefficient which is one of the existing oncology diagnostics methods.
Treatment of Brain Metastases

Brain metastases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Key prognostic classification systems for brain metastases are reviewed. The role of surgery, particularly for single brain metastases, is discussed. This is followed by an overview of radiation, both whole brain and focal, in the treatment of brain metastases. Finally, we review examples of important concepts regarding the role of systemic therapy in the treatment of brain metastases.
Health Care Associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): A Case from Iran

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection, has caused recurrent outbreaks worldwide. It is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, and is not treatable with the currently available antiviral therapies. We present a case of a 43 year-old male healthcare provider, who admitted with productive cough, dyspnea, myalgia, pleuritic chest pain and fever. Computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral ground glass opacities and consolidation. Sputum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MERS-coronavirus was positive.
Switching Auxiliary Chains for Speech Recognition based on Dynamic Bayesian Networks

This paper investigates the problem of incorporating auxiliary information (e.g. pitch) for speech recognition using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). Previous works usually model acoustic features conditional on the pitch auxiliary variable for both voiced and unvoiced phonetic states, and therefore ignore the fact that pitch (frequency) information is meaningful only for voiced states. In this paper we propose a switching two auxiliary chain model tailored to voiced/unvoiced states for exploiting pitch information, which is essentially built on the switching parent functionality of Bayesian multinets. Experiments on the OGI Numbers database show that significant performance improvements are achieved from switching auxiliary chain modeling, compared with regular auxiliary chain modeling and the standard HMM
Control of vertebrate respiration and locomotion: a brief account.

Man can modulate respiratory airflow at a high rate and with considerable precision to express meaningful sequences of sounds and can produce the most astounding precision work with his hands. Such complex volitional motor acts are still beyond reach for an understanding of the underlying neuronal mechanisms. A major stumbling block in unraveling such acts is that they need to be studied in humans or trained awake primates. The situation is different with (rhythmic) movement synergies such as respiration, locomotion, mastication, and the scratch reflex (e.g., 5, 9, 15, 17,23, 24, 37, 46, 48). First, the underlying neuronal circuitry of such movements is innate; it is essential that newborn mammals breathe and suck and, in many cases, locomote. Second, they can be readily elicited under conditions favorable for application of all relevant neurobiological techniques. For example, locomotion can be elicited in the decerebrate or spinal cat and respiration continues in the decerebrate or anesthetized mammal. Moreover, the efferent motor patterns can be elicited after paralysis in reduced preparations. Third, their repetitive nature facilitates analysis. The development of such preparations in, for instance, the cat, turtle (48a), tadpole (41a), and fish (26, 49) has led to a rapid expansion of our understanding of how the central nervous system controls these types of movements. Analyses of simpler networks in invertebrates have given important insights into neural mechanisms that might apply in the more complex vertebrate nervous system (e.g., 4a, 30a, 34d, 37). The neural substrate generating rhythmic motor patterns may be divided into four interacting components (Figure 1): I) a higher level responsible for the initiation and maintenance of the appropriate pattern of activity and for predictive adjustments based on environmental cues; 2) an output stage, the motoneurons, which control muscle contraction; 3) a brain stem or spinal network of neurons, often referred to as the central pattern generator (CPG), which when activated will produce a coordinated rhythmic pattern of input to different groups of motoneurons; and 4) receptors activated during movement, which provide feedback necessary to adapt and adjust the ongoing movements.
Detection of significant protein coevolution

MOTIVATION The evolution of proteins cannot be fully understood without taking into account the coevolutionary linkages entangling them. From a practical point of view, coevolution between protein families has been used as a way of detecting protein interactions and functional relationships from genomic information. The most common approach to inferring protein coevolution involves the quantification of phylogenetic tree similarity using a family of methodologies termed mirrortree. In spite of their success, a fundamental problem of these approaches is the lack of an adequate statistical framework to assess the significance of a given coevolutionary score (tree similarity). As a consequence, a number of ad hoc filters and arbitrary thresholds are required in an attempt to obtain a final set of confident coevolutionary signals. RESULTS In this work, we developed a method for associating confidence estimators (P values) to the tree-similarity scores, using a null model specifically designed for the tree comparison problem. We show how this approach largely improves the quality and coverage (number of pairs that can be evaluated) of the detected coevolution in all the stages of the mirrortree workflow, independently of the starting genomic information. This not only leads to a better understanding of protein coevolution and its biological implications, but also to obtain a highly reliable and comprehensive network of predicted interactions, as well as information on the substructure of macromolecular complexes using only genomic information. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The software and datasets used in this work are freely available at: http://csbg.cnb.csic.es/pMT/. CONTACT pazos@cnb.csic.es SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sensorless Control System Design of a Small Size Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

This paper describes control system design of a small size vertical axis wind turbine for battery charging, using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The direct drive PMSG is connected to the battery through a switch mode rectifier where a DC-DC buck converter is used to optimize the wind power. The use of speed sensor to the control system design complicates and adds more costs to the system. To resolve this problem, a sensorless maximum powertracking algorithm is proposed to calculate the current command that corresponds to maximum power output of the turbine. The DC-DC converter uses this current command to calculate the duty cycle which is necessary to control the pulse width modulated (PWM) active switching device. The system overview and modeling is presented, including characteristics of wind turbine, generator, batteries, power converter, control system, and supervisory system. A simulation of the system is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. © 2018 Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved
Analysis of Heterogeneous Deformation in the Wall of Rabbit Thoracic Aorta at Microscopic Level

Aortic wall changes dimensions and mechanical properties in response to mechanical stimulation. As these changes are driven by the cells inside the wall, and their mechanical response has been suggested to exhibit a close correlation with nuclear deformation, it is necessary to study the deformation of the aortic wall at microscopic level. Hence, we obtained 200-μm-thick slices of rabbit thoracic aortas in the circumferential-radial and longitudinal-radial planes, and stretched them in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, respectively, under a microscope. The nuclei of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were stained with Hoechst33342. Each slice was repeatedly stretched stepwise by 4%, while the uorescence images of the cell nuclei as well as the elastin autouorescence were captured at each step. Macroscopic and microscopic stretch ratios were obtained from the uorescence images. Local Green strain was calculated from the change in internuclear distance in a specimen stretched in the circumferential direction. The local tissue strain in the circumferential direction was 0.8 to 2.1 times the macroscopic tissue strain, indicating that the aortic wall deformation was heterogeneous at microscopic level. The shear deformation between adjacent elastic laminas was evident at speci c locations, resulting in a shear strain as large as 10%. We also evaluated the relationship between tissue deformation and nuclear deformation from the change in nuclear shape in the specimen stretched in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. In the circumferential stretch, the strain calculated from the length of the nuclei was less than 70% of the macroscopic strain, suggesting that the nuclei of the SMCs are much stiffer than the cytosolic components. Some nuclei rotated noticeably in response to the stretch, and the average and maximum rotation angle was 5° and 11°, respectively, during the entire stretching process. In the longitudinal stretch, the change in nuclear length was not signi cant, suggesting that mechanical stimulation to the SMCs may be smaller in this direction, as reported previously. The present study shows that the deformations of both the extracellular matrix and cell nuclei are highly heterogeneous, which may have a profound effect on the vascular biology.
Exploring decision makers ’ use of price information in an ‘ efficient ’ speculative market

We explore the extent to which the decisions of participants in a speculative market effectively account for information contained in prices and price movements. In particular, we investigate how successful they are relatively at incorporating transparent and obscure information. The horserace betting market is chosen as an ideal environment to explore these issues. A conditional logit model is used to determine winning probabilities, based on prices and their movements. The model incorporates techniques for parameterising price (odds) curves and a novel approach is used to test the model against a random alternative. The results challenge the consensus from previous studies that the market is weak form efficient. This disparity arises since previous studies assess the degree to which individual variables are incorporated in final prices, whereas the model we develop uses combinations of variables and their interactions. In addition, we conclude that transparent information, particularly that associated with an enhanced prospect of success, is largely accounted for in the decisions of market participants, but that more obscure information is not properly accounted for.
Language understanding component for Chinese dialogue system

In this paper we present the design and the implement of the language understanding component of a Chinese spoken language dialogue system EasyNav. In pursuing the coherence with the goal of understanding, we design the structure of system with speech decoding and language understanding integrated closely. Thus the language understanding component need to be restrictive besides portable. Actually we implement a general syntactic parser and domain-specific semantic parser for the purpose. The grammar rules written for understanding are suitable for spoken language. The feature of spoken language also exists throughout the system.