Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Realization of Massive Relativistic Spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger Quasiparticle in Condensed Matter Systems

The spin-3/2 elementary particle, known as Rarita-Schwinger (RS) fermion, is described by a vector-spinor field {\psi}_{{\mu}{\alpha}}, whose number of components is larger than its independent degrees of freedom (DOF). Thus the RS equations contain nontrivial constraints to eliminate the redundant DOF. Consequently the standard procedure adopted in realizing relativistic spin-1/2 quasi-particle is not capable of creating the RS fermion in condensed matter systems. In this work, we propose a generic method to construct a Hamiltonian which implicitly contains the RS constraints, thus includes the eigenstates and energy dispersions being exactly the same as those of RS equations. By implementing our 16X16 or 6X6 Hamiltonian, one can realize the 3 dimensional or 2 dimensional (2D) massive RS quasiparticles, respectively. In the non-relativistic limit, the 2D 6X6 Hamiltonian can be reduced to two 3X3 Hamiltonians which describe the positive and negative energy parts respectively. Due to the nontrivial constraints, this simplified 2D massive RS quasiparticle has an exotic property: it has vanishing orbital magnetic moment while its orbital magnetization is finite. Finally, we discuss the material realization of RS quasiparticle. Our study provides an opportunity to realize higher spin elementary fermions with constraints in condensed matter systems.
Hydrology management influences nest survival but not clutch size in Lesser Scaup

Components of reproductive success such as clutch size and nest survival may greatly affect avian population growth rates. Understanding how environmental conditions influence temporal variation in these demographic parameters could thus provide valuable insight into best management practices for species of concern. One such species that could benefit from a better understanding of such processes is Lesser Scaup ( Aythya affinis ), whose overall abundance in North America has declined since the early 1980s. We used a long-term study (2005–2019) of Lesser Scaup demography at Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Montana, USA, to examine how the management of wetland conditions influenced within-and across-year temporal variation in clutch size and nest survival. Predicted clutch size varied more across nest initiation dates (6.18–10.05 eggs) within years than it did across years (7.51– 8.38 eggs), and none of the covariates we examined were significantly related to clutch size across years. Nest daily survival rates varied substantially across days within breeding seasons (e.g., 2018: 0.38–0.985), and annual mean nest survival varied greatly across years (0.27–0.58). Furthermore, seasonal chronology of managed wetland water levels influenced nest survival such that years when water levels gradually rose to a maximum late in the breeding season, relative to mean nest initiation date, resulted in the highest nest survival. These findings collectively suggest that when flows can be manipulated with water control structures, efforts to manage the chronology of water levels at watershed and local wetland scales could improve nest survival, whereas such management efforts will not likely affect clutch sizes
Angular Momentum in Disk Wind Revealed in the Young Star MWC 349A

Disk winds are thought to play a critical role in star birth. As winds extract excess angular momentum from accretion disks, matter in the disk can be transported inward to the star to fuel mass growth. However, observational evidence of wind carrying angular momentum has been very limited. We present Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the young star MWC 349A in the H26α and H30α recombination lines. The high signal-to-noise ratios made possible by the maser emission process allow us to constrain the relative astrometry of the maser spots to milli-arcsecond precision. Previous observations of the H30α line with the SMA and the Plateau de Bure interferometer (PdBI) showed that masers are distributed in the disk and wind. Our new high-resolution observations of the H26α line reveal differences in spatial distribution from that of the H30α line. H26α line masers in the disk are excited in a thin annulus with a radius of about 25 au, while the H30α line masers are formed in a slightly larger annulus with a radius of 30 au. This is consistent with expectations for maser excitation in the presence of an electron density variation of approximately R−4. In addition, the H30α and H26α line masers arise from different parts in the wind. This difference is also expected from maser theory. The wind component of both masers exhibits line-of-sight velocities that closely follow a Keplerian law. This result provides strong evidence that the disk wind extracts significant angular momentum, thereby facilitating mass accretion in the young star.
Ground state and elementary excitations of single and binary Bose-Einstein condensates of trapped dipolar gases

We analyze the ground-state properties and the excitation spectrum of Bose-Einstein condensates of trapped dipolar particles. First, we consider the case of a single-component polarized dipolar gas. For this case we discuss the influence of the trapping geometry on the stability of the condensate as well as the effects of the dipole-dipole interaction on the excitation spectrum. We discuss also the ground state and excitations of a gas composed of two antiparallel dipolar components.
Involvement of a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Gene BHLHE40 in Specification of Chicken Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The first event of differentiation and morphogenesis in the optic vesicle (OV) is specification of the neural retina (NR) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), separating the inner and outer layers of the optic cup, respectively. Here, we focus on a basic helix-loop-helix gene, BHLHE40, which has been shown to be expressed by the developing RPE in mice and zebrafish. Firstly, we examined the expression pattern of BHLHE40 in the developing chicken eye primordia by in situ hybridization. Secondly, BHLHE40 overexpression was performed with in ovo electroporation and its effects on optic cup morphology and expression of NR and RPE marker genes were examined. Thirdly, we examined the expression pattern of BHLHE40 in LHX1-overexpressed optic cup. BHLHE40 expression emerged in a subset of cells of the OV at Hamburger and Hamilton stage 14 and became confined to the outer layer of the OV and the ciliary marginal zone of the retina by stage 17. BHLHE40 overexpression in the prospective NR resulted in ectopic induction of OTX2 and repression of VSX2. Conversely, BHLHE40 was repressed in the second NR after LHX1 overexpression. These results suggest that emergence of BHLHE40 expression in the OV is involved in initial RPE specification and that BHLHE40 plays a role in separation of the early OV domains by maintaining OTX2 expression and antagonizing an NR developmental program.
Service Learning Experience on Health Habits in High School Students Conducted by Nursing Students: A Qualitative Design

Service learning is a teaching methodology that combines learning and service to the community in the same well-articulated project, where the participants are trained to improve and work on the real needs of the environment. This paper aimed to explore learning about healthy habits and standards of nursing professional practice through a service learning activity between nursing students and high school students. Data of participants (N = 127 high school students and N = 12 nursing students) were collected by the high school students’ healthy habits mind map and with the help of the nursing students’ reflective journals. A generic qualitative design using content analysis was performed. After the activity, high school students identified which habits they should improve, such as diet, physical activity, resting time, and emotional health. By performing the activity, nursing students increased their knowledge about health habits, as well as their communication skills, confidence in public speaking, and awareness about community nurses’ tasks. Service learning activity on health habits conducted by nursing students in a high school has a positive effect on the knowledge of healthy habits for both participants, nursing and high school students. Participating in an activity of service learning improves communication skills among first-year nursing students and narrows the gap between university theory and nursing practice.
Addressing the missing matter problem in galaxies through a new fundamental gravitational radius

We demonstrate that the existence of a Noether symmetry in f(R) theories of gravity gives rise to a further gravitational radius, besides the standard Schwarzschild one, determining the dynamics at galactic scales. By this feature, it is possible to explain the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation and the rotation curve of gas-rich galaxies without the dark matter hypothesis.
Comparison between peri-articular injection and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid during total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis

Objectives: In this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of peri-articular injection (PAI) and intraarticular injection (IAI) of tranexamic acid (TXA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search from electronic databases such as Springer, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, and ScienceDirect up to October 2021. The language of identified articles was not restricted. The keywords used for the search strategy included: “tranexamic acid”, “total knee arthroplasty”, “peri-articular injection” and “intra-articular injection”. Results: Two randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) and four non-RCTs with a total of 491 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of the patients, 242 patients were in the PAI group and 249 patients were in the IAI group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in hemoglobin drop, postoperative drainage volume, total blood loss, blood transfusion requirements, or units of blood transfused. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding postoperative infection or deep venous thrombosis. Conclusion: The PAI of TXA is comparable to IAI of TXA in decreasing postoperative blood loss during TKA.
Network Traffic Prediction: Apply the Transformer to Time Series Forecasting

Along with the development of technology and social progress, the Internet is increasingly widely used in life. Mobile communication, fiber optic broadband, and other essential Internet networks have gradually become indispensable in everyday life. The task of further improving and optimizing the quality of Internet network links and improving the efficiency of Internet networks has been on the agenda. This paper proposed a deep learning-based network traffic prediction model, which can capture the characteristics of network traffic information changes by inputting past network traffic data to achieve the effect of future network traffic prediction. The model structure is flexible and variable, which improves the problems of other methods that cannot capture long time series prediction features and cannot parallelize the output. It also has apparent advantages in time complexity and model convergence speed without the evident disadvantage of time lag. Based on this network traffic prediction model, it can help Internet service providers optimize network resource allocation, improve network performance, and allow Internet data centers to provide abnormal network warnings and improve user service level agreements.
Quantitative wave-particle duality and nonerasing quantum erasure

The notion of wave-particle duality may be quantified by the inequality V{sup 2}+K{sup 2}{<=}1, relating interference fringe visibility V, and path knowledge K. With a single-photon interferometer in which polarization is used to label the paths, we have investigated the relation for various situations, including pure, mixed, and partially mixed input states. A quantum-eraser scheme has been realized that recovers interference fringes even when no which way information is available to erase. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.
How to Get More People into Teaching? Comparing Undergraduates’ and Teacher Trainees’ Motivation and Perceptions of a Teaching Career

Understanding people’s perceptions of teaching as an occupation, and their motivation or otherwise to teach, can help identify which initiatives/policies are most promising in improving teacher recruitment. Previous studies have often sought only the views of teachers/teacher trainees to understand why people choose teaching as a career. Recruitment strategies based on evidence from such research are therefore only appealing to those who are already interested in teaching. It is the views of those who might otherwise have gone into teaching that can provide better clues to what we can do to get more people into teaching. This paper compares the views of 4,469 undergraduate students and 788 trainee teachers in England. Our analysis goes beyond the usual approach by comparing young people completely uninterested in teaching, those who considered teaching but rejected it, those intending to be teachers, and those already in training. Our study found little or no difference between prospective teachers and others in terms of generic career drivers and the attraction of financial incentives, although prospective teachers tended to have lower levels of qualifications and to come from less prestigious occupational backgrounds. However, those not planning to be teachers are much less concerned about teachers’ workload, suggesting that this is probably not a great deterrent for those considering teaching. Compared to those who intend to be teachers, those who have considered but rejected teaching are less likely to view teaching as intellectually stimulating. They are least likely to see teaching as a high-status profession, offering good promotion prospects and job security. Policies to improve recruitment need to make teaching more attractive to the second group by addressing these issues. Additionally, these policies should be distinct from policies to retain existing teachers.
Season and sugar concentration affect bird behaviour at urban sugar-water feeders

ABSTRACT Sugar-water bird feeding in residential backyards is increasingly popular, but its effects on wildlife are poorly understood. One concern is whether it results in maladaptive behaviour, such as reliance on artificial food or increased aggression due to increased density of visiting individuals. We studied sugar-water feeder-associated bird behaviour in two cities with different climates. We investigate whether season, city, or sugar concentration influenced bird foraging activity and aggressiveness. We then test whether feeder presence affected backyard bird composition. Birds were most aggressive and used sugar-water feeders most actively in winter, especially the omnivorous native tauhou (Zosterops lateralis). We also found city and seasonal differences in sugar-water feeder usage and aggression. Further, in Auckland, the city with the warmer climate, New Zealand’s largest nectarivorous species, tūī (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae), was more likely to be aggressive at feeders with higher sugar concentrations but foraged longer at feeders with lower sugar concentrations. Neither feeder presence nor sugar concentration influenced garden bird species richness or abundance. We discuss the effects of sugar-water feeding on bird behaviour at the global and local scale and suggest future study directions.
Emotional State of Teachers and University Administrative Staff in the Return to Face-to-Face Mode

Social distancing and security measures have contained the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, the return to face-to-face activities is necessary for specific companies, and some higher education institutions have already done so. The various disorders that this new reality could generate have motivated the present study, which aims to analyze the emotional state of teachers and administrative staff. The instrument used was the abbreviated depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21), with an internal consistency index of 0.87. The methodology was based on applying a survey to 202 participants from Quito, Ecuador. The sample consisted of 97 men and 105 women aged between 23 and 59 years. A quantitative and cross-sectional design was used in this research. The results show that 40.1% of the respondents presented anxiety, 36.63% depression, and 38.61% stress between mild and highly severe categories. Additionally, when analyzing the depression, anxiety, and stress levels compared to productivity variables, we found that five disorders, i.e., fear, anxiety, over reactivity, skeletal muscle effects, and dysphoria, directly affect productivity variables, such as performing simple tasks, performing difficult tasks, the number of products made, and the number of products rejected. Thus, returning to face-to-face mode has affected the emotional state of many people, showing differences according to the job position, with anxiety being the highest self-identified incidence rate.
Energy And Exergy Analysis Of Boiler And Turbine Of Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant

This paper presents thermodynamic analysis of Boiler & Turbine of coal fired thermal power plant. Energy analysis gives energy loss and first law efficiency, while the exergy analysis gives entropy generation irreversibility, percentage exergy loss and second law efficiency of boiler and turbine. It is seen that energy loss in boiler is about 61% of total input. While the maximum exergy occurs in low pressure turbine. l occurs in low pressure turbine total input. While the maximum exergy loss occurs in low pressure turbine exergy loss and second law efficiency of boiler and turbine. It is seen that energy loss in boiler is about 61% of total input. While the maximum exergy loss occurs in low pressure turbine.
Supergravity on the Brane

We show that smooth domain wall spacetimes supported by a scalar ﬁeld separating two anti-de-Sitter like regions admit a single graviton bound state. Our analysis yields a fully non-linear supergravity treatment of the Randall-Sundrum model. Our solutions describe a pp-wave propagating in the domain wall background spacetime. If the latter is BPS, our solutions retain some supersymmetry. Nevertheless, the Kaluza-Klein modes generate “pp curvature” singularities in the bulk located where the horizon of AdS would ordinarily be.
Spitzer discovery of very low luminosity objects

The Spitzer Space Telescope allows for the . rst time to search systematically for very low luminosity (≲0.1 L⊙) objects (VeLLOs) associated with dense molecular cores. They may be the . rst candidate Class 0 sources with sub-stellar masses. We describe such a source in the dense molecular core L1148. VeLLO natal cores show properties that are unusual for star-forming cores. The low luminosity and in some cases the lack of prominent out.ow could be the result of the small gas supply near the VeLLO. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Changing surface wax compositions and related gene expression in three cultivars of Chinese pear fruits during cold storage

The surface wax of fruit has a significant effect on abiotic stress and fruit quality. In this study, the composition of the waxes found on fruit surfaces and the related gene expression of three different pear cultivars (Xuehua, Yali, and Yuluxiang) were investigated during cold storage. The results showed that 35 wax compositions were found on the surfaces of the three pear cultivars, mainly including C29 alkane, three fatty acids, two esters, three aldehydes, three fatty alcohols, and three triterpenoids. The largest amount of C29 alkane, three fatty acids and two esters were found in Yuluxiang (YLX) on day 90, while aldehydes with carbons of C30 and C32 were the highest in Yali (YL). Xuehua (XH) showed the largest amount of C22 fatty alcohol on day 180 compared to YLX and YL. Larger amounts of triterpenoids were found in XH and YL when compared to YLX. The expression levels of fifteen wax related genes (LACS1, KCS2, KCS6, FDH, KCS20, GL8, CER10, CER60, LTPG1, LTP4, ABCG12, CER1L, CAC3, CAC3L, and DGAT1L) reached their peak at day 45 in YLX, compared to XH and YL, their expression levels in YLX were higher to different degrees. These results suggest that the different expression patterns of wax-related genes may be closely related to the difference in wax compositions of the surface wax of three pear cultivars.
Working memory modulates the effect of music on word learning

While anecdotal evidence suggests that music may facilitate verbal memory, empirical evidence for this is less clear. Here, we examined whether learners’ characteristics such as age, working memory (WM), and musical training may influence the effect of music on word learning. Young and older adults learned novel word-referent mappings presented in three music conditions (spoken in the presence of background music, sung in-key, and sung out-of-key) and a control condition (spoken in quiet) and their performance was assessed immediately after learning. We found that whereas age and, to an extent, musical training had a general effect on word learning, WM modulated the effect of music: performance was worse in the music conditions relative to the control condition for learners with lower WM whereas the opposite pattern was observed for those with higher WM. Our results thus highlight the importance of considering individual characteristics in determining the effect of music on verbal memory.
Legal Information Retrieval System with Entity-Based Query Expansion: Case study in Traffic Accident Litigation

This article describes an information retrieval system with entity query expansion by relevance feedback.The performance of the system is tested assuming its usage as a support tool for lawyers constructing a legalframework for a case. The objective is to improve the precision of results when searching for relevantjurisprudence. For this, the entities belonging to a knowledge base are used as a means to expand thequery. The expansion can be done using either an automatic or an interactive mechanism. This secondapproach suggests to the user concepts related to the query, which might improve the search experience. Anontology and a knowledge base, called LegalOnto and LegalBase, respectively, were developed. The ontology includes concepts not addressed by existing legal ontologies, and the knowledge base integrates LegalOnto with the thesaurus of the Argentine System of Legal Information (Sistema Argentino de Informacion ´Jur´ıdica: SAIJ), enriched in the subject of traffic accidents. Quantitative experimentation is carried out upon aset of court documents that are used to populate the knowledge base. Preliminary results are encouraging.
A note on the sphere free energy of p-form gauge theory and Hodge duality

We consider a free p-form gauge theory on a d-dimensional sphere of radius R and calculate its free energy. We perform the calculation for generic values of p and obtain the free energy as a function of d,p and R. The result contains a log⁡R term with a coefficient proportional to (2p+2−d), which is consistent with lack of conformal invariance for p form theories in dimensions other than 2p+2. We also compare the result for p-form and (d−p−2)-form theory which are classically Hodge dual to each other in d dimensions and find that they agree for odd values of d. Also, for even d, we find that the results disagree by an amount that is consistent with the reported values in the literature.