Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Arthrography and 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Diagnose Experimentally Created Articular Cartilage Lesions in Equine Cadaver Stifles

Simple Summary In order to prevent the onset of osteoarthritis, timely detection of cartilage damage is essential. We hypothesized that the diagnostic performance of computed tomography arthrography (CTA) would be superior to that of 3-Tesla MRI when diagnosing cartilage lesions in the stifle joint of horses. A total of 79 cartilage defects were created arthroscopically in 15 cadaver stifles from adult horses, with 68 sites serving as negative controls. A radiologist unaware of the lesion distribution evaluated the images, followed by macroscopic evaluation including measuring lesion surface area, depth, and volume. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI and CTA were calculated and compared between modalities. The sensitivity values of CTA (53%) and MRI (66%) were not significantly different (p = 0.09). However, the specificity of CTA (66%) was significantly greater compared to MRI (52%) (p = 0.04). In conclusion, CTA achieved a similar diagnostic performance compared to high-field MRI in detecting small experimental cartilage lesions. Despite this, CTA showed a higher specificity than MRI; thus, CTA was more accurate in diagnosing normal cartilage. Small lesion size was a discriminating factor for lesion detection. In a clinical setting, CTA may be preferred over MRI due to higher availability and easier image acquisition. Abstract Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the diagnostic performance of computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) and 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting artificial cartilage lesions in equine femorotibial and femoropatellar joints. Methods: A total of 79 cartilage defects were created arthroscopically in 15 cadaver stifles from adult horses in eight different locations. In addition, 68 sites served as negative controls. MRI and CTA (80–160 mL iodinated contrast media at 87.5 mg/mL per joint) studies were obtained and evaluated by a radiologist unaware of the lesion distribution. The stifles were macroscopically evaluated, and lesion surface area, depth, and volume were determined. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI and CTA were calculated and compared between modalities. Results: The sensitivity values of CTA (53%) and MRI (66%) were not significantly different (p = 0.09). However, the specificity of CTA (66%) was significantly greater compared to MRI (52%) (p = 0.04). The mean lesion surface area was 11 mm2 (range: 2–54 mm2). Greater lesion surface area resulted in greater odds of lesion detection with CTA but not with MRI. Conclusions: CTA achieved a similar diagnostic performance compared to high-field MRI in detecting small experimental cartilage lesions. Despite this, CTA showed a higher specificity than MRI, thus making CTA more accurate in diagnosing normal cartilage. Small lesion size was a discriminating factor for lesion detection. In a clinical setting, CTA may be preferred over MRI due to higher availability and easier image acquisition.
R ESIDUAL U-N ET WITH A TTENTION FOR D ETECTING C LOUDS IN S ATELLITE I MAGERY

Semantic segmentation of clouds in Earth observation imagery is an important task in a variety of remote sensing contexts: from the application of atmospheric corrections to being able to accurately omit cloud pixels when extracting information about ground features. Here we introduce a deep learning approach based on the popular U-Net architecture. The core of the architecture is an U-Net with residual units that ease the training of the network. An attention mechanism is also incorporated to enable the model to more effectively learn and distinguish between cloud and non-cloud features. We also explore two complementary loss functions, Binary Cross Entropy and Jaccard, in order to overcome data imbalances common to this application. Our model is trained on a uniquely curated dataset spanning a wide variety of resolutions, scene contexts, lighting conditions, and seasonality. Our experiments demonstrate that this model is an accurate and robust model for the semantic segmentation of clouds in satellite imagery, and the model achieves state-of-the-art performance over many other models (including others based on CNN architectures) on common benchmark datasets, even without having been exclusively trained on images from the sources in those datasets.
Combating the COVID-19 Infodemic: Untrustworthy Tweet Classification using Heterogeneous Graph Transformer

While COVID-19 has affected most of the world, attempts to control it have been difficult due to the lack of trustworthy information about the virus’s origin, severity, effective treatments, and prevention measures. To address this, we have collected RTCas-COVID-19 , a large corpus of 35M COVID-19 tweets from 2020, and weak-labeled 2M with a semi-supervised approach. We have also developed an inductive framework, RTCS-HGT ( R e t weet C ascade S ubgraph Sampling H eterogeneous G raph T ransformer), which achieves 0.918 test accuracy on tweet trustworthiness classification on our dataset and improves training time by 93%. 1
Who Reads Indian and Chinese LIS Articles on Mendeley? Scoping and Comparing User Categories Through Altmetrics

Mendeley reader count is good evidence of the early impact of scientific output since it appears before citations. This paper aims to scope and compare Mendeley readers of Library and Information Science (LIS) articles published from India and China. Mendeley readership data for the highly cited 1,000 articles in Web of Science are extracted using Webometric Analyst for both countries and are analysed using Excel and SPSS. The findings reveal that LIS articles that are published from China got more readers as compared to LIS articles published from India with an excess of 97 readers per paper on Mendeley. The occupational status of readers tells that PhD students are the top readers for both the countries’ publications, followed by masters students. Discipline-wise readership shows that readers were spread across 29 different fields, with the highest readers from business, management and accounting, followed by computer science for both countries’ publications. Location-wise readership depicts that the top engaged readers are from the United States for both the countries’ publications. Finally, the study reports a positive association between citations and Mendeley bookmarks, justifying that Mendeley readership can be used to measure the early research impact of LIS scholarship in both countries.
Moving particle semi-implicit method for fluid simulation with implicitly defined deforming obstacles

In this paper, we present a particle-based fluid simulation method with deforming obstacles. For defining the geometric information of time-varying obstacles, we employ the implicit function form that varies along the time axis. Our fluid simulation is based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method, one of the typical particle-based methods for incompressible flow, and we add a new formulation for implicitly defined deforming obstacles. Although many of the particle-based algorithms require a set of particles on the obstacles, our method works without generating particles on the obstacles. We define the particle motion at the vicinity of the obstacles and generate a new algorithm specific to the implicit deforming obstacles by incorporating approximations in the processes of determining particle forces affected by the obstacles.
Elettaria cardamomum is examined as a medicinal plant using in-silico screening analysis in order to discover novel possible cardiovascular disease (CVD) inhibitors from its phytoconstituents sabinene, α -terpineol, and α -pinene.

- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term for a number of linked pathologies, commonly defined as coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic and congenital heart diseases and venous thromboembolism. Globally CVD accounts for 31% of mortality, the majority of this in the form of CHD and cerebrovascular accident. The current work used molecular docking techniques to evaluate several physiologically active chemicals found in medicinal plants as possible inhibitors. The Maestro 12.8 did the Docking study contrasting the anti-cardiac medication Quinapril as a standard drug with the phytoconstituents found in Elettaria cardamomum capsules contains Sabinene, α -terpineol, α – pinene. The outcomes show the potency of this screening approach, which can hasten the development of novel drugs to treat emerging infectious diseases and disorders. Use of Cardiac receptor having PDB id (1LXF) and the when compared to the anticardiac medicine Quinapril, whose docking score was -5.647, the phytoconstituents screening chemicals extracted from the medicinal plant Elettaria cardamomum, such as Sabinene (-6.715), α –terpineol (-6.161), α –pinene (-6.078) were more effective than standard anticardiac medication quinapril whose docking score is (-5.647). The docking results reveal that phytoconstituents found in Elettaria cardamomum plants have a great deal of potency against cardiovascular diseases condition and can be utilised to inhibit various cardiovascular diseases, making them an essential source for new anticardiac medications in the future that target cardiovascualar diseases.
EARLY PHYSICS WITH THE LHC

The status of the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC), ATLAS and CMS detectors commissioning is shortly reviewed. Both experiments are waiting for the promising signal hunting. The early data from LHC will ﬁrst allow the check of the Standard Model (SM) predictions at √ s = 10 and later at 14 TeV. The perspectives for early analyses are discussed, mainly as standard candles for detector understanding and simulation tuning. Few new physics searches are also presented. The high available energy will permit to be competitive with the past and ongoing experiments. Prospective searches about Higgs physics and the Beyond Standard Model (BSM) are presented for the CMS and ATLAS experiments as well as the searches for some supersymmetric and exotic particles predicted by several theoretical models.
AnPalynological evidence reveals an arid early Holocene revealed by 1 palynological evidence for the north-east Tibetan Plateau

Situated inwithin the triangle of the East Asian monsoon, the Indian 12 monsoon, and the westerlies, the Holocene patterns of climate and vegetation changes 13 on the north-east Tibetan Plateau are still unclear or even contradictory. By 14 investigating the distribution of modern pollen taxa on the east Tibetan Plateau, we 15 infer the past vegetation and climate since the last 14.2 ka BP (thousand years before 16 present) from a fossil pollen record extracted from Gahai Lake (102.3133°E, 17 34.2398°N; 3444 m a.s.l.) together with multiple proxies (grain-size, contents of total 18 organic carbon and total nitrogen) on the north-east Tibetan Plateau. Results indicate 19 that the Gahai Basin was covered by arid alpine steppe or even desert between 14.2 20 and 7.4 ka BP with a mild and dry climateclimatic conditions, and high percentages of 21 arboreousarboreal pollen are thought to be long-distance wind transported grains. 22 Montane forest (dominated by Abies , Picea , and Pinus ) migrated into the Gahai Basin 23 between 7.4 and 3.8 ka BP driven by wet and warm climatic conditions (the climate 24 optimum within the Holocene) but reverted to alpine steppe between 3.8 and 2.3 ka 25 BP, indicating a drying
Modes of Antarctic tidal grounding line migration revealed by Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) laser altimetry

Abstract. Tide-forced short-term migration of the grounding line (GL) of Antarctic ice shelves can impact ice dynamics at the ice sheet margins and obscures assessments of long-term GL advance or retreat. However, the magnitude of tidally induced GL migration is poorly known, and the spatial patterns and modes of variability are not well characterised. Here we develop and apply a technique that uses Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) repeat-track laser altimetry to locate the inland limit of tidal ice shelf flexure for each sampled tide, enabling the magnitude and temporal variability of tidal GL migration to be resolved. We demonstrate its application at an ice plain north of Bungenstockrücken, in a region of the southern Ronne Ice Shelf subject to large ocean tides. We observe a 1300 km2 area of ephemeral grounding over which the GL migrates by up to 15 km between low and high tide and identify four distinct modes of migration: linear, asymmetric, threshold and hysteresis. The short-term movement of the GL dominates any long-term migration signal in this location, and the distribution of GL positions and modes contains information about spatial variability in the ice–bed interface. We discuss the impact of extreme tidal GL migration on ice shelf–ocean–subglacial systems in Antarctica and make recommendations for how GLs should be more precisely defined and documented in future by the community.
Is investor behavior on sustainable products heterogeneous? The case of Spanish investors on investment in SGDs

Nowadays most of Economies are involved in the 2030 Agenda. But, are business decisions affected by the 2030 Agenda? In order to answer this question, we propose to analyze the effect of SDGs 6: “clean water and sanitation” in the financial market throughout investors choices. Then, the aim of this letter consists of analyzing investors' preferences about investment funds which investment policy contributes to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6: "clean water and sanitation", given the global importance of achieving this goal. To do that, a survey was carried out in which a total of 456 valid observations were obtained. Choice experiment methodology has been applied to try to obtain a valuation by Spanish investors. The results show that there is a high valuation of funds whose portfolios include investments that contribute to SDG 6 and that there is also heterogeneity in preferences. These results have important implications for economic and professional policy.
Coplanar waveguide fed multiple input multiple output antenna with higher isolation and multi-sense circular polarization

Abstract A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with higher isolation and multi-bandwidth circular polarization (CP) is presented. This antenna covers the impedance operations from 2.2 to 6.8 GHz with < −10 dB, < −14 dB and < −10 dB. Employing two orthogonally placed T-shaped patches (TSP) and three L-shaped parasitic patches (LSPP) in the ground, the dual sense CP in the frequency band between 2.28 and 3.48 GHz (42.5%) and meanwhile between 6.03 and 6.28 GHz (4.1%) can be achieved when the left port (port_1) is excited, while the down port (port_2) is terminated by a 50 Ω load. When Port_2 is excited and port_1 is terminated by a 50 Ω load, the CP of the antenna in frequency band from 1.75 to 2.1 GHz (18.2%). On the other hand, CP from 4 to 4.47 GHz (11.1%) and 5.1 to 5.22 GHz (2.3%) can be obtained while both ports are excited. The CP frequency band covers the frequency bands for LTE (between 1.71 and 2.17 GHz), the WCDMA (between 1.92 and 2.17 GHz), the WiMax (between 2.3 and 2.5 GHz) and the WLAN. Meanwhile, the slot between these two TSP in the ground enhances the isolation of the proposed antenna. The measured and the simulated results are agreed with each other.
Nonlinear dynamics of slender inverted flags in axial flow

A nonlinear fluidelastic continuum model is proposed for a slender cantilevered plate subjected to axial flow, directed from the free end to the clamped one. A nonlinear equation of motion is derived for the plate via Hamilton’s principle in terms of the of the rotation angle of the mid-plane with respect to the axial coordinate while applying the inextensibility condition. A nonlinear unsteady slender wing theory is employed to formulate the fluid-related forces. The Galerkin scheme is utilized to discretize the system of equations, while all trigonometric terms are kept intact, resulting in reliable predictions even for very large-amplitude rotations. The numerical analysis is carried out in the time-domain using Gear's backward differentiation formula (BDF) yielding the time histories of amplitude of oscillation, together with a full Newton method yielding the static equilibria. A bifurcation diagram of the system is constructed for varying flow velocity to study the stability and post-critical behaviour of the system. It is shown that, the inverted flag is stable at its original static equilibrium position; by increasing the flow velocity, the flag initially exhibits a small-amplitude flapping around the trivial equilibrium configuration. By further increasing the flow velocity, the system displays deformed-flapping motion, (i.e. frapping motion around the deflected configuration), which changes to a fully-deflected static mode at even higher flow velocities. These predictions are in excellent agreement with existing experimental data in the literature.
Development and characterization of the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii)

Abstract. The Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii) is a newly developed continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) for measuring ice nucleating particles (INPs). PINCii is a vertically oriented parallel-plate CFDC that has been engineered to improve upon the limitations of previous generations of CFDCs. This work presents a detailed description of the PINCii instrument and the upgrades that make it unique compared with other operational CFDCs. The PINCii design offers several possibilities for improved INP measurements. Notably, a specific icing procedure results in low background particle counts, which demonstrates the potential for PINCii to measure INPs at low concentrations (<10 L−1). High-spatial-resolution wall-temperature mapping enables the identification of temperature inhomogeneities on the chamber walls. This feature is used to introduce and discuss a new method for analyzing CFDC data based on the most extreme lamina conditions present within the chamber, which represent conditions most likely to trigger ice nucleation. A temperature gradient can be maintained throughout the evaporation section in addition to the main chamber, which enables PINCii to be used to study droplet activation processes or to extend ice crystal growth. A series of both liquid droplet activation and ice nucleation experiments were conducted at temperature and saturation conditions that span the spectrum of PINCii's operational conditions (-50≤ temperature ≤-15 ∘C and 100 ≤ relative humidity with respect to ice ≤160 %) to demonstrate the instrument's capabilities. In addition, typical sources of uncertainty in CFDCs, including particle background, particle loss, and variations in aerosol lamina temperature and relative humidity, are quantified and discussed for PINCii.
Multi-scale EO-based agricultural drought monitoring system for operative irrigation networks management

Drought prediction is crucial especially where the rainfall regime is irregular and agriculture is mainly based on irrigated crops, such as in Mediterranean countries. In this work, the main objective is to develop an EO-based agricultural drought monitoring system (ADMOS) for operative irrigation networks management at different spatial and temporal scales. Different levels of drought are identified based on an integrated indicator combining anomalies of rainfall, soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation indices, allowing to consider the different droughts types and their timing looking on the 5 end-user’s perspective. Multiple remote sensing data, which differ on sensing techniques, spatial and temporal resolutions and electromagnetic frequencies, are used for each anomaly computation. The analyses have been performed over two Irrigation Consortia in Italy (the Chiese and Capitanata ones), which differ for climate, irrigation volumes and techniques, and crop types. The obtained results show a negative correlation between cumulated ADMOS and the irrigation volumes in the Capitanata area, while in the Chiese Consortium a zero correlation is obtained with an almost constant amount of irrigation volumes provided 10 to the crops every year independently from the drought condition. In both areas, crop yields seem to be almost uncorrelated to the drought index, as production is highly sustained by irrigation. Moreover, discrepancies on the anomalies sign is observed, especially when soil moisture is considered. The results also clearly show that asynchronies may exist especially between soil moisture anomalies and vegetation or land surface temperature anomalies.
SO ( 2 ) -equivariance in Neural networks using Fourier nonlinearity

Inspired by recent work of Kondor [11], and Cohen and Welling [2], we build rotation equivariant autoencoders to obtain a basis of images adapted to the group of planar rotations SO ( 2 ) , directly from the data. We do this in an unsupervised fashion, working in the Fourier domain of SO ( 2 ) . Working in the Fourier domain we build a rotation equivariant classiﬁer to classify images. A novel aspect of our autoencoder and classiﬁer is the use of nonlinearity in the Fourier domain, as in the recent papers of Thomas et al. [19] and Kondor et al. [12] . Our experiments indicate that this nonlinearity is strong enough to discover the basis using a small sample of inputs. As a consequence our classiﬁer is robust to rotations - the classiﬁer trained on upright images, classiﬁes rotated versions of images, achieving state of the art. In order to deal with images under different scales simultaneously, we deﬁne the notion of a coupled-bases and show that a coupled-bases can be learned using Fourier nonlinearity.
Basal conditions of Denman Glacier from glacier hydrology and ice dynamics modeling

Abstract. Basal sliding in Antarctic glaciers is often modeled using a friction law that relates basal shear stresses to the effective pressure. As few ice sheet models are dynamically coupled to subglacial hydrology models, variability in subglacial hydrology associated with the effective pressure is often implicitly captured in the basal friction coefficient – an unknown parameter in the basal friction law. We investigate the impact of using effective pressures calculated from the Glacier Drainage System (GlaDS) model on basal friction coefficients calculated using inverse methods in the Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model (ISSM) at Denman Glacier, East Antarctica, for the Schoof and Budd friction laws. For the Schoof friction law, a positive correlation emerges between the GlaDS effective pressure and basal friction coefficient in regions of fast ice flow. Using GlaDS effective pressures generally leads to smoother basal friction coefficients and basal shear stresses, and larger differences between the simulated and observed ice surface velocities compared with using an effective pressure equal to the ice overburden pressure plus the gravitational potential energy of the water. Compared with the Budd friction law, the Schoof friction law offers improved capabilities in capturing the spatial variations associated with known physics of the subglacial hydrology. Our results indicate that ice sheet model representation of basal sliding is more realistic when using direct outputs from a subglacial hydrology model, demonstrating the importance of coupling between ice sheet and subglacial hydrological systems. However, using our outputs we have also developed an empirical parameterization of effective pressure that improves the application of the Schoof friction law without requiring explicit hydrological modeling.