Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
by MR imaging at 4.7 T. Cerebral blood volume in a rat model of ischemia

Perturbation of the cerebral circulation by occlusion of the vertebral arteries and a carotid artery can be visualized by using MR imaging and the intravascular contrast agent Gd-DTPA complexed to albumin. This tracer consistently reduced the T1 relaxation time in the brain and blood. The difference between hemispheres was revealed by less T1 reduction in the occluded hemisphere and by an adjustment in the display contrast of images that revealed the territory of decreased perfusion. These results were confirmed by comparing them with cerebral blood flow using radioactive microspheres and the intravascular blood volume tracer 51 Cr-EDT A. This method, combined with high resolution MR imaging, can be applied to serial noninvasive studies of cerebral blood
Alcohol and the Brain–Gut Axis: The Involvement of Microglia and Enteric Glia in the Process of Neuro-Enteric Inflammation

Binge or chronic alcohol consumption causes neuroinflammation and leads to alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD not only affects the central nervous system (CNS) but also leads to pathologies in the peripheral and enteric nervous systems (ENS). Thus, understanding the mechanism of the immune signaling to target the effector molecules in the signaling pathway is necessary to alleviate AUD. Growing evidence shows that excessive alcohol consumption can activate neuroimmune cells, including microglia, and change the status of neurotransmitters, affecting the neuroimmune system. Microglia, like peripheral macrophages, are an integral part of the immune defense and represent the reticuloendothelial system in the CNS. Microglia constantly survey the CNS to scavenge the neuronal debris. These cells also protect parenchymal cells in the brain and spinal cord by repairing nerve circuits to keep the nervous system healthy against infectious and stress-derived agents. In an activated state, they become highly dynamic and mobile and can modulate the levels of neurotransmitters in the CNS. In several ways, microglia, enteric glial cells, and macrophages are similar in terms of causing inflammation. Microglia also express most of the receptors that are constitutively present in macrophages. Several receptors on microglia respond to the inflammatory signals that arise from danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), endotoxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharides), and stress-causing molecules (e.g., alcohol). Therefore, this review article presents the latest findings, describing the roles of microglia and enteric glial cells in the brain and gut, respectively, and their association with neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and receptors under the influence of binge and chronic alcohol use, and AUD.
A Z 5-6 ÉV E S L Á N YOK KOOR DINÁCIÓS MINŐSÉGÉNEK K Ü LÖNBSÉGE , FIGY ELE MBE V ÉV E A TÁPL Á LKOZÁSI Á LL APOTU K AT

Most research indicates that obese children are in general, physically inactive and their motor skills are underdeveloped. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the quality of coordination in girls aged 5-6 years, taking into account their BMI, respectively their nutrition status. The study was implemented on a sample of 132 pre-schoolers. To assess the nutritional status, anthropometric characteristics such as body mass, height and BMI (kg/m²) were measured. The Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess the quality of coordination. The results showed a statistically significant difference, only in the variable walking backwards on the beam, between 1-3 group in favor of 1st (p = 0.01) and 2-3 group in favor of 2nd (p = 0.05), while in other variables of this study, there were no significant differences between the groups. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the differences in the quality of coordination between normal, overweight and obese girls are not drastic, and that girls with normal nutrition status did not show overall higher quality of gross motor coordination than their overweight and obese peers.
Risk of stillbirth after a previous caesarean delivery: A Swedish nationwide cohort study.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk of stillbirth in relation to (1) a previous caesarean delivery (CD) compared with those following a vaginal birth (VB); and (2) vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) compared with a repeat CD. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING The Swedish Medical Birth registry. POPULATION Women with their first and second singletons between 1982 and 2012. METHODS Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between CD in the first pregnancy and stillbirth in the second pregnancy and the association between VBAC and stillbirth. Sub-group analyses were performed by types of CD and timing of stillbirth (antepartum and intrapartum). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Stillbirth (antepartum and intrapartum fetal death). RESULTS Of the 1 771 700 singleton births from 885 850 women, 117 114 (13.2%) women had a CD in the first pregnancy, and 51 755 had VBAC in the second pregnancy. We found a 37% increased odds of stillbirth (aOR 1.37; 95% CI 1.23-1.52) in women with a previous CD compared with VB. The odds of intrapartum stillbirth were higher in the previous pre-labour CD group (aOR 2.72; 95% CI 1.51-4.91) and in the previous in-labour CD group (aOR 1.35; 95% CI 0.76-2.40), although not statistically significant in the latter case. No increased odds were found for intrapartum stillbirth in women who had VBAC (aOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.48-2.06) compared with women who had a repeat CD. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that a CD is associated with an increased risk of subsequent stillbirth, with a greater risk among pre-labour CD. This association is not solely mediated by increases in intrapartum asphyxia, uterine rupture or attempted VBAC. Further research is needed to understand this association, but these findings might help healthcare providers to reach optimal decisions regarding mode of birth, particularly when CD is unnecessary.
Estimating the predictive Power of N-gram MT Evaluation Metrics across Language and Text Types

The use of n-gram metrics to evaluate the output of MT systems is widespread. Typically, they are used in system development, where an increase in the score is taken to represent an improvement in the output of the system. However, purchasers of MT systems or services are more concerned to know how well a score predicts the acceptability of the output to a reader-user. Moreover, they usually want to know if these predictions will hold across a range of target languages and text types. We describe an experiment involving human and automated evaluations of four MT systems across two text types and 23 language directions. It establishes that the correlation between human and automated scores is high, but that the predictive power of these scores depends crucially on target language and text type.
Using observed river ﬂow data to improve the hydrological functioning of the JULES land surface model (vn4.3) used for regional coupled modelling in Great Britain (UKC2)

Land surface models (LSMs) represent terrestrial hydrology in weather and climate modelling operational systems and research studies. We aim to improve hydrological performance in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) LSM that is used for distributed hydrological modelling within the new land–atmosphere–ocean coupled prediction system UKC2 (UK regional Coupled environmental prediction system 2). Using river ﬂow observations from gauge stations, we study the capability of JULES to simulate river ﬂow at 1 km 2 spatial resolution within 13 catch-ments in Great Britain that exhibit a variety of climatic and topographic characteristics. Tests designed to identify where the model results are sensitive to the scheme and parameters chosen for runoff production indicate that different catch-ments require different parameters and even different runoff schemes for optimal results. We introduce a new parameter-isation of topographic variation that produces the best daily river ﬂow results (in terms of Nash–Sutcliffe efﬁciency and mean bias) for all 13 catchments. The new parameterisation introduces a dependency on terrain slope, constraining surface runoff production to wet soil conditions over ﬂat-ter regions, whereas over steeper regions the model produces surface runoff for every rainfall event regardless of the soil wetness state. This new parameterisation improves the model performance across Great Britain. As an example, in the Thames catchment, which has extensive areas of ﬂat terrain, the Nash–Sutcliffe efﬁciency exceeds 0.8 using the new parameterisation. We use cross-spectral analysis to evaluate the amplitude and phase of the modelled versus observed river ﬂows over timescales of 2 days to 10 years. This demonstrates that the model performance is modiﬁed by changing the parameterisation by different amounts over annual, weekly-to-monthly and multi-day timescales in different catchments, providing insights into model deﬁciencies on particular timescales, but it reinforces the newly developed parameterisation
Coastal oceanographic conditions in the Prydz Bay region (East Antarctica) during the Holocene recorded in an isolation basin

Information on East Antarctic coastal environments during the Holocene is relatively sparse. This is surprising as sedimentary records from the interface between land and sea can provide chronologies of climatic change, isostatic uplift, relative sea level and the colonization of newly formed biomes. Here we examine a sediment core from Pup Lagoon, a coastal lake in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. Sediment stratigraphy, fossil pigments and diatoms were used to infer the sequence of Holocene environmental and climatic change. Results show that between 5800 and 5500 cal. yr BP the marine coast of Prydz Bay was characterized by stratified, open-water conditions during spring and summer and seasonally warm conditions. From 5500 to 2750 cal. yr BP sea-ice duration in Prydz Bay increased with the coast being ice-free for 2–3 months each year, conditions which are similar to the present day. A return to stratified, open-water conditions and a reduction in winter sea-ice extent between 2750 and 2200 cal. yr BP is signalled by enhanced biogenic production and more open-water diatom taxa. This is consistent with evidence for the mid-Holocene Hypsither mal detected in other records in East Antarctica. Isostatic isolation of the Pup Lagoon basin from the sea between 2200 and 2000 cal. yr BP slightly precedes the emergence of lakes with comparable sill heights from the nearby Vestfold Hills. The colonization of Pup Lagoon after its isolation as a freshwater lake was initiated by a siliceous flora dominated by stomatocysts with microbial mat development being prevented by mechanical or physical stress. A brief period of marine incursion following the mid-Holocene Hypsithermal may be related to local events such as iceberg calving or to minor sea-level change. Weighted averaging regression, used to infer salinity in the lacustrine zone, shows that from 1500 cal. yr BP Pup Lagoon is a freshwater lake, where the flora is dominated by stratified cyanobacterial mats, with green algae and diatoms as co-dominants, comparable to modern Pup Lagoon and other lakes in the Larsemann Hills.
Penalty Feet Positioning Rule Modi cation and Laterality Effect on Soccer Goalkeepers’ Diving Kinematics

In 2019, a new rule was applied in soccer. It allows the goalkeeper to have only one foot or part of it on the goal line when the kicker hits the ball, unlike the previous rule that the goalkeeper should have both feet on the line. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how the change in the rule and the lower limbs laterality influences the dive performance. Six specialized goalkeepers participated in the research. They performed a total of 20 dives in the laboratory and had their force and impulse manifested by the lower limb and displacement/velocity data from the center of body mass collected through kinematic analysis. The side preference was collected through an inventory. The results showed that goalkeepers dive further (p < 0.001) and faster (p < 0.001) with the change of the rule. The lateral preference influenced only the mediolateral (p = 0.02) and resultant (p = 0.03) displacements, the highest values were found for the non-dominant lower limb side. Concluding, the goalkeepers performed better with the new rule in the analyzed variables and the lower limb preference has influenced only the mediolateral and resultant displacement.
MIT Open Access Articles Construction of Dependent Dirichlet Processes Based on Poisson Processes

We present a method for constructing dependent Dirichlet processes. The new approach exploits the intrinsic relationship between Dirichlet and Poisson processes in order to create a Markov chain of Dirichlet processes suitable for use as a prior over evolving mixture models. The method allows for the creation, removal, and location variation of component models over time while maintaining the property that the random measures are marginally DP distributed. Additionally, we derive a Gibbs sampling algorithm for model inference and test it on both synthetic and real data. Empirical results demonstrate that the approach is effective in estimating dynamically varying mixture models
Tree-ring dating of the nineteenth-century advance of Brady Glacier and the evolution of two ice-marginal lakes, Alaska

We utilized dendrochronology and precise elevation-constrained mapping to date glacially overridden and drowned trees at the margin of Brady Glacier in southeast Alaska. This technique allowed determination of the timing of the former tidewater glacier’s last advance and consequent formation and filling of two marginal lakes. The subfossil tree-ring chronology spans the interval from AD 1370 to 1861. Brady Glacier impounded Spur Lake to an elevation of 83 m a.s. l. around 1830 and 121 m a.s. l. around 1839. Soon after, Spur Lake reached 125 m a.s. l. and began to overflow a stable bedrock sill. The glacier continued to advance, thickening by at least 77 m between c. 1844 and 1859 at a site down-glacier of Spur Lake on the opposite glacier margin. Farther down-glacier, North Trick Lake began to form by 1861 and reached its highest elevation at approximately 130 m a.s. l. when Brady Glacier reached its maximum extent around 1880. Our findings add precision to the chronology of the last advance of Brady Glacier and provide insight into the evolution of glacier-dammed lakes and calving glaciers.
Relationship between head control ability and step leg hip kinematics during crossover steps in older individuals

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of lateral stepping in response to disturbance loading in relation to kinematic factors of the step leg hip by evaluating head stability and righting ability during crossover steps. The participants comprised 11 healthy older individuals and 13 younger individuals (mean age, 73.3 and 20.2 years, respectively). An electromagnet-controlled disturbance loading device caused crossover steps due to lateral disturbance which were measured using a motion capture system and force plates. The extent of lateral head sway was found to be signi�cantly greater and the angle and angular velocity of head righting were signi�cantly lower in the older individuals than in the younger individuals. A signi�cant negative correlation was found between neck lateral �exion moment and hip �exion angular velocity of the step leg in both groups. Correlation analysis between cervical lateral �exion moment and hip adduction angular velocity showed a signi�cant negative correlation only in the older group. The results of the study indicate that during lateral stepping due to external disturbances, older individuals experienced increased instability in the lateral direction of the head and decreased righting angles and angular velocities.
Oral treatment with herbal formula B401 alleviates penile toxicity in aging mice with manganism

: The present study aims to elucidate the roles of nitric oxide synthase activity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in penile toxicity of aging mice associated with excess manganese (Mn) treatment and to investigate the effect of oral treatment with the herbal formula B401 in this respect. ICR strain mice were divided into two groups: the vehicle (sham group) and the B401 (50 mg/kg) group. The mice were orally treated for 5 days; then a high single dose of MnCl 2 (100 mg/kg) was given by intraperitoneal injection to the mice. One day after MnCl 2 treatment, corpora cavernosal tissues of both Mn-treated mice and their controls were simultaneously sampled to examine their immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Nitric oxide (NO) production, levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), expression levels of factors govern-ing angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor), oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase 2,4-hydroxynonenal), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha), apoptosis (B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2], Bcl-2-associated X protein [Bax], cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase [c-PARP], cytochrome C, caspase-12, and caspase-3) were evaluated in penile corpus cavernosum of the mice. We found that penile toxicity in the mice was enhanced under excess Mn treatment through reduction of NOS activity and increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the penile cavernous tissue. Furthermore, the penile toxicity in mice with manganism was alleviated by oral B401 treatment through enhancement of both nitric oxide synthesis and angiogenesis, with simultaneous reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in penile corpus cavernosum. We suggest that the herbal formula B401 may serve as a potential dietotherapeutic supplement for penile toxicity or dysfunction in aging males.
Perceptions Of Mississippi Secondary Agriculture Teachers Concerning Pilot Agriscience Courses

According to agricultural education department heads and research experts, the second highest priority research topic in agricultural education is to “determine the appropriate curriculum for agricultural education in the secondary schools” (Silva-Guerrero and Sutphin, 1990, p.6). A common practice used to determine curriculum is to develop pilot courses and evaluate the courses to determine whether they should be included in the curriculum. Teacher perceptions are often a major part of the evaluation of these courses (Norris and Briers, 1989; Peasley & Henderson, 1992). The study reported in this article used teacher perceptions as one way of determining whether an agriscience course or courses should be part of the secondary agricultural education curriculum in Mississippi.
Analysis and processing the 3d‐range‐image‐data for robot monitoring

Abstract Industrial robots are commonly used for physically stressful jobs in complex environments. In any case collisions with heavy and high dynamic machines need to be prevented. For this reason the operational range has to be monitored precisely, reliably and meticulously. The advantage of the SwissRanger® SR‐3000 is that it delivers intensity images and 3D‐information simultaneously of the same scene that conveniently allows 3D‐monitoring. Due to that fact automatic real time collision prevention within the robots working space is possible by working with 3D‐coordinates.
Microclimate Characteristics of Different Microhabitats in Successional Stages of Maolan Karst Forest

The main climate factors,such as air temperature,relative air humidity,light intensity and soil temperature were studied in different microhabitats of different successional stages in the Maolan karst forest,Guizhou Province.The results showed that as the communities developed,air temperature and light intensity in different successional stages tended to decrease,and their variations became small;relative air humidity was increasing and its variation became small with the evolution.The soil temperature at the depth of 5~20 cm dropped with the evolution of the communities and the soil temperature decreased with depth.Ecologic environment and microclimate conditions of primary forest were best,those of secondary forest and shrubberies ranked the second,and the conditions of herbage were worst.Variations in temperature,light intensity and relative air humidity of primary forest were mitigable,which is beneficial to the growth of vegetations and the development of communities.However,variations in microclimate conditions of herbage were violent,it must take a long time to finish ecological succession.Significant differences in ecologic microclimate were noticed for different microhabitats.The ecologic microclimate conditions of Earth's flatland and gully developed very well.The light,temperature and humidity changed mildly,soil surface was suitable for plant growth.For rocky flatland and crevice,the temperature,light intensity and relative air humidity changed dramatically and plant growth was restricted.
Improved amplitude preservation for prestack depth migration by inverse scattering theory

A prestack reverse time‐migration image is not properly scaled with increasing depth. The main reason for the image being unscaled is the geometric spreading of the wavefield arising during the back‐propagation of the measured data and the generation of the forward‐modelled wavefields. This unscaled image can be enhanced by multiplying the inverse of the approximate Hessian appearing in the Gauss–Newton optimization technique. However, since the approximate Hessian is usually too expensive to compute for the general geological model, it can be used only for the simple background velocity model.We show that the pseudo‐Hessian matrix can be used as a substitute for the approximate Hessian to enhance the faint images appearing at a later time in the 2D prestack reverse time‐migration sections. We can construct the pseudo‐Hessian matrix using the forward‐modelled wavefields (which are used as virtual sources in the reverse time migration), by exploiting the uncorrelated structure of the forward‐modelled wavefields and the impulse response function for the estimated diagonal of the approximate Hessian. Although it is also impossible to calculate directly the inverse of the pseudo‐Hessian, when using the reciprocal of the pseudo‐Hessian we can easily obtain the inverse of the pseudo‐Hessian. As examples supporting our assertion, we present the results obtained by applying our method to 2D synthetic and real data collected on the Korean continental shelf.