Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two SEPALLATA MADS-Box Genes, SlMBP21 and SlMADS1, Have Cooperative Functions Required for Sepal Development in Tomato

MADS-box transcription factors have crucial functions in numerous physiological and biochemical processes during plant growth and development. Previous studies have reported that two MADS-box genes, SlMBP21 and SlMADS1, play important regulatory roles in the sepal development of tomato, respectively. However, the functional relationships between these two genes are still unknown. In order to investigate this, we simultaneously studied these two genes in tomato. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they were classified into the same branch of the SEPALLATA (SEP) clade. qRT-PCR displayed that both SlMBP21 and SlMADS1 transcripts are preferentially accumulated in sepals, and are increased with flower development. During sepal development, SlMBP21 is increased but SlMADS1 is decreased. Using the RNAi, tomato plants with reduced SlMBP21 mRNA generated enlarged and fused sepals, while simultaneous inhibition of SlMBP21 and SlMADS1 led to larger (longer and wider) and fused sepals than that in SlMBP21-RNAi lines. qRT-PCR results exhibited that the transcripts of genes relating to sepal development, ethylene, auxin and cell expansion were dramatically changed in SlMBP21-RNAi sepals, especially in SlMBP21-SlMADS1-RNAi sepals. Yeast two-hybrid assay displayed that SlMBP21 can interact with SlMBP21, SlAP2a, TAGL1 and RIN, and SlMADS1 can interact with SlAP2a and RIN, respectively. In conclusion, SlMBP21 and SlMADS1 cooperatively regulate sepal development in tomato by impacting the expression or activities of other related regulators or via interactions with other regulatory proteins.
Simultaneous Distributed Localization, Formation and Group Motion Control: A Distributed Filter Approach

—In this paper, we investigate the problem of localizing and maintaining a formation of mobile robots in an unknown environment. Particularly, the mobile robots are neither able to maintain a formation by utilizing the available local measurements nor maneuver in an unknown environment due to the lack of global position information. By employing a distributed ﬁlter and combining it with a distributed control law, the robots can reach and maintain the formation shape and additionally attain group motion tasks in an unknown environment, even when the measurement graph of the multi agent systems are weakly connected. Additionally, by utilizing information coming from the distributed ﬁlter, each agent can additionally obtain the information of positions of undetectable landmarks/obstacles and can maintain a stable formation while dealing with obstacle avoidance. We analyze the L 2 stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, the efﬁcacy and performance of the proposed integrated distributed ﬁlter and formation control law are evaluated by numerical simulations.
Predicting postoperative systolic dysfunction in mitral regurgitation: CT vs. echocardiography

Introduction Volume overload from mitral regurgitation can result in left ventricular systolic dysfunction. To prevent this, it is essential to operate before irreversible dysfunction occurs, but the optimal timing of intervention remains unclear. Current echocardiographic guidelines are based on 2D linear measurement thresholds only. We compared volumetric CT-based and 2D echocardiographic indices of LV size and function as predictors of post-operative systolic dysfunction following mitral repair. Methods We retrospectively identified patients with primary mitral valve regurgitation who underwent repair between 2005 and 2021. Several indices of LV size and function measured on preoperative cardiac CT were compared with 2D echocardiography in predicting post-operative LV systolic dysfunction (LVEFecho <50%). Area under the curve (AUC) was the primary metric of predictive performance. Results A total of 243 patients were included (mean age 57 ± 12 years; 65 females). The most effective CT-based predictors of post-operative LV systolic dysfunction were ejection fraction [LVEFCT; AUC 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77–0.92)] and LV end systolic volume indexed to body surface area [LVESViCT; AUC 0.88 (0.82–0.95)]. The best echocardiographic predictors were LVEFecho [AUC 0.70 (0.58–0.82)] and LVESDecho [AUC 0.79 (0.70–0.89)]. LVEFCT was a significantly better predictor of post-operative LV systolic dysfunction than LVEFecho (p = 0.02) and LVESViCT was a significantly better predictor than LVESDecho (p = 0.03). Ejection fraction measured by CT demonstrated significantly greater reproducibility than echocardiography. Discussion CT-based volumetric measurements may be superior to established 2D echocardiographic parameters for predicting LV systolic dysfunction following mitral valve repair. Validation with prospective study is warranted.
Comparison of Urban versus Industry Normative Values of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT™)

Concussion baseline testing has been advocated for the assessment of pre-morbid function. When individual baseline scores are unavailable, utilizing normative values is recommended. However, the validity of generalizing normative data across multiple socioeconomic environments is unknown. Objective: mimic the normative data creation of ImPACT™ to examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on ImPACT™ composite scores. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional design analyzed completed computerized neuropsychological test data (ImPACT™) obtained to establish the baseline scores of cognitive function from males aged 13–15 years (n = 300) and 16–18 years (n = 331) from an urban high school system. Comparisons between baseline scores and normative ImPACT™ values were calculated utilizing t-tests with ImPACT™ composite scores serving as dependent variables. Results: significant differences between age-dependent urban composite scores and ImPACT™ normative values for 13–15- and 16–18-year-olds were found for Composite Verbal Memory, Composite Visual Memory, Composite Motor and Composite Reaction Time (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Significant differences exist between urban high school athletes and ImPACT™-provided age-dependent normative scores, with urban participants performing below age-dependent normative values. These findings support establishing SES appropriate normative values when baseline test scores are not available for direct comparison in order to provide better evaluation and post-concussion management across diverse populations.
Diversity analysis of Indian sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) genotypes using simple sequence repeat markers

Eighty-two genotypes of sweet potato of the Indian collection were subjected to molecular characterization using 29 simple sequencerepeat markers (SSR) to study molecular-level genetic diversity. A total of 70 alleles with an average of 0.47 PIC value was recorded. TheSAHN dendrogram based on UPGMA clustering method depicted total 6 sub-clusters where the highest K values for different geneticallydistinct populations interpreted was 5. POPGENE structure revealed the smallest group of total seven genotypes with highest geneticpurity from genotypes from the states of West Bengal and Telangana. Factorial analysis majorly differentiated the genotypes betweentwo groups of eastern and middle with collections of southern India. These genotypes collected from diverse geographical regionsshowed great genetic diversity, possibly having some influence on their adaptation due to geography
Moderate Intra-Abdominal Pressure Levels in Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Seem to Have No Negative Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Introduction: Radical prostatectomy is increasingly performed laparoscopically with robot assistance (RALRP). RALRP, as with all laparoscopic procedures, requires a pneumoperitoneum, which might result in peritoneal inflammatory response reactions and postoperative pain. The aim of this retrospective single-centre study was to analyse the effects of a pneumoperitoneum during RARLP on clinical outcomes. Methods: All patients who underwent robot-guided prostatectomy in our clinic were included, with the exception of patients who were converted to open prostatectomy. C-reactive protein was used as a marker for the primary outcome, namely the postoperative inflammatory response. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was evaluated as a potential factor influencing inflammation. In addition, the waist–hip ratio was used to estimate the amount of visceral adipose tissue, and the administration of dexamethasone was considered as a factor influencing inflammation. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to determine postoperative pain. Patients were consecutively recruited between 1 September 2020 and 31 March 2022. Results: A total of 135 consecutive patients were included. The median waist–hip ratio was 0.55. The median duration of the pneumoperitoneum was 143 min. The median values of the average and maximum IAP values were 10 mmHg and 15 mmHg, respectively. The mean CRP of the first postoperative day was 6.2 mg/dL. The median VAS pain level decreased from 2 to 1 from the first to the third postoperative day. On the first postoperative day, 16 patients complained of shoulder pain. In addition, 134 patients were given some form of opioid pain treatment following surgery. Conclusion: We could not identify any relevant associations between the duration and IAP of the pneumoperitoneum and the indirect markers of inflammation or indicators of pain, or between the latter and the amount of visceral adipose tissue. In addition, we found no significant effect of the administration of dexamethasone on postoperative inflammation. The results point to a noninferior tolerability of moderate pressure during the procedure compared to the commonly utilised higher pressure, yet this must be confirmed in randomised controlled trials.
PROPOSED MODEL ON LEVELS OF DEGRADED LAND AT MERAWU WATERSHED, BANJARNEGARA REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Conservation of degraded land in Indonesia requires maps of degraded land. The maps were established based on a model developed in 1998 by the then Indonesia Department of Forestry. The model has 2 weaknesses i.e. 1. high level of uncertainty due to vector-based data used to build the thematic maps and 2. parameters redundancy or duplication from the model. This research was aimed to build up a proposed model on levels of degraded land at Merawu Watershed using fully raster-based data supported with remote sensing and GIS techniques. Parameters analyzed were Slope, Erosivity (R), Erodibility (K), Slope Length and Steepness (LS), Cover and Management (C), Support Practice (P) and Percentage of Canopy Cover. These data were presented in fully raster format. Management parameter was not explicitly used in this research because management parameter was already represented by the C and P parameters . Five parameters were directly obtained using fully raster format, i.e. Slope, LS, C, P and Percentage of Canopy Cover. The other 2 parameters went through spatial interpolation process before being presented as fully raster format. Correlation analysis among parameters was carried out. Parameters having high correlation coefficient (r ≥ 0.8) were excluded from the model to avoid redundancy. The proposed model only used parameters having low correlation coefficient. The research result showed that the determination of levels of degraded land was more accurate when using only erosion parameters, formulated as: Level of Degraded Land (LoDL) ≈ Erosion ≈ R x K x LS x C x P.
A Novel Method for Road Anomaly Objects Detection in the Traffic Environment With Multi-Mechanism Fusion

In the modern automotive industry, Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) have gradually become a standard feature in various types of vehicles, with the important function of detecting road anomalies. The appearance of anomalies on the road can be attributed to unexpected situations while driving, and the current methods for detecting distant or small anomalies are not highly accurate. Therefore, in this paper, a method is proposed that uses semantic segmentation to extract key features from the image, and obtaining a new synthesized image by image resynthesis. Then, segmentation uncertainty and depth information are used to compare the differences between multiple feature maps and the input image to highlight the anomalies. Additionally, a postprocessor is designed to use an anomaly score to enhance the recognition of anomaly target and reduce false positives caused by noise. Experiments are conducted on the Obstacle Track dataset and the Lost and Found dataset, and various methods for detecting anomaly objects are compared. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper can effectively detect un-common objects in the training dataset in road anomaly object detection. It improves the detection rate and reduces the false positive rate based on previous anomaly detection methods. The proposed method presented in this paper achieves high detection rates for both seen and unseen anomaly objects in the training set, which enhances the generalization ability of anomaly detection in the road area of interest.
MQTree: Secure OTA Protocol Using MQTT and MerkleTree

The escalating advancement in Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs) necessitates a formidable strategy for firmware updates, where traditional methods often fall short of guaranteeing absolute integrity. Although decentralization has been explored in studies for firmware integrity verification using blockchain technology, it lacks comprehensive validation in the context of automotive over-the-air (OTA) updates. By recognizing the limitations of current practices and the partial validation of decentralized approaches, such as blockchain, in the automotive sector, our study introduces a novel mechanism for firmware over-the-air (FOTA) updates. This mechanism is grounded in the widely adopted message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol, integral to the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, and leverages Merkle tree-based blockchain verification to fortify the fidelity and efficiency of firmware updates. Our proposed solution not only prioritizes the stability crucial to automotive OTA updates but also ensures that performance is not compromised. This dual focus on reliability and efficiency represents a significant stride forward in the development of secure, scalable SDV firmware update protocols.
Dark Data in Real-World Evidence: Challenges, Implications, and the Imperative of Data Literacy in Medical Research

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world evidence (RWE) studies are crucial and complementary in generating clinical evidence. RCTs provide controlled settings to validate the clinical effect of specific drugs or medical devices, while RWE integrates extrinsic factors, encompassing external influences affecting real-world scenarios, thus challenging RCT results in practical applications. In this study, we explore the impact of extrinsic factors on RWE outcomes, focusing on “dark data,” which refers to data collected but not used or excluded from the analyses. Dark data can arise in many ways during research process, from selecting study samples to data collection and analysis. However, even unused or unanalyzed dark data hold potential insights, providing a comprehensive view of clinical contexts. Extrinsic factors lead to divergent RWE outcomes that could differ from RCTs beyond statistical correction’s scope. Two main types of dark data exist: “known-unknown” and “unknown-unknown. ” The distinction between these dark data types highlights RWE’s complexity. The transformation of unknown into known depends on data literacy—powerful utilization capabilities that can be interpreted based on medical expertise. Shifting the focus to excluded subjects or unused data in real-world contexts reveals unexplored potential. Understanding the significance of dark data is vital in reflecting the complexity of clinical settings. Connecting RCTs and RWEs requires medical data literacy, enabling clinicians to decipher meaningful insights. In the big data and artificial intelligence era, medical staff must navigate data complexities while promoting the core role of medicine. Prepared clinicians will lead this transformative journey, ensuring data value shapes the medical landscape.
Diffusive Regimes of the Motion of Bed Load Particles in Open Channel Flows at Low Transport Stages

The stochasticity of fluid and sediment parameters has been identified as a source of diffusion, particularly anomalous diffusion at different temporal and spatial scales of bed load particle trajectories. Data from two sets of flume experiments are presented, one data set has gravel particle trajectories tracked over a limited area and was used in identifying the influence of different shear stress conditions on diffusive processes. A new experiment was performed using spherical particles moving as bed load in an annular flume in order to address concerns about censorship effects caused by the size of the detection window. An annular flume allowed collection of practically uncensored particle trajectories over longer time period than has been previously possible in the laboratory. Three diffusive regimes were observed at distinct stages of particle motion: (i) ballistic regime at the local range; (ii) Fickian diffusion at the intermediate range; (iii) subdiffusion at the global range. Characteristic time scales separate the regimes and correlate with the mean traveling and resting times of particles. Fickian diffusion in the intermediate range is first recognized as a result of the balance between intermittent weak transport and near‐bed turbulence, as first predicted by Nikora et al. (2002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000513). In the global range, extreme values were observed in the distribution of particle resting times, suggesting that two types of distributions (related to surface motion and vertical mixing) were responsible for the subdiffusion at longer time scales. Diffusion was found to be anisotropic at all stages of particle motion.
The distribution of breeding Sooty Albatrosses from the three most important breeding sites: Gough, Tristan and the Prince Edward Islands

ABSTRACT Sooty Albatrosses (Phoebetria fusca; Endangered) breed only on sub-Antarctic islands in the South Atlantic and south-west Indian Oceans, with most of the population at Gough Island (≈37%), the Prince Edward Islands (≈24%) and the Tristan da Cunha archipelago (≈20%). Breeding Sooty Albatrosses from all three of these populations were tracked during the incubation and brood-guard periods. Birds from Marion Island (Prince Edwards) ranged farther north, despite being the most southerly of the three study sites. Tristan-Gough Sooty Albatrosses concentrated mostly around the Sub-Antarctic Front (SAF) in the southern Atlantic Ocean, whereas Marion birds were associated with both the SAF and the Sub-Tropical Front (STF) in the southern Indian Ocean. Our tracking data describe where 80% of breeding Sooty Albatrosses forage during the incubation and brood-guard period, including the first records of birds from Marion and Tristan. Such data are important to identify key areas where these threatened birds need protection from mortality on long-line fishing gear. Overlap with the distribution of tuna long-line effort was greater for Sooty Albatrosses from Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island than for Marion birds, suggesting that birds breeding at Atlantic colonies might be at greater risk of bycatch mortality in this fishery.
An investigation into technological change and organisational developments in glass production between the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods (7th-12th centuries) focussing on evidence from Israel

Roman-Byzantine Palestine was a major producer of glass, and while Arab Conquest of the mid-7th century had no initial effect on glass production, around the 9th-10th century a critical technological change occurred with a shift to plant ash flux. This thesis answers several unresolved questions regarding the chronology, reasons for change and origins of the technology. Around 300 glass samples taken from 7th-13th century vessels were analysed by LA-ICP-MS. Vessels were well-contextualised of mainly diagnostic types and sourced from 19 excavated consumption sites across Israel. Four natron and four plant ash groups were identified. Vessel chronology suggested a decline in Palestinian production during the 8th century as evidenced by the appearance of low-soda recipes produced at Bet Eli’ezer, the import of Egypt II glass, and an influx of plant ash glass. Palestinian glass production appears to discontinue by the 9th century, followed by Egyptian production 50-100 years later. Investigation of the potential reasons for the shift to plant ash glass dismissed political instability and climatic change. Instead economic factors were highlighted, such as long-term pressures on natron supply due to competition from other industries, and rising costs due to state control of extraction and the imposition of tariffs during the 9th century. It was demonstrated that rising costs made natron no longer economically viable for glassmaking. Investigations into the origins of plant ash glass technologies suggested no clear link to Sasanian glassmaking practices, concluding that the technology was adopted from already known local practices. A centralised production model continued after the technological change, with raw glass being exported from Tyre to Palestine and elsewhere. Some vessels were also traded, such as wheel-cut bottles of Mesopotamia origin. Smaller compositional types hinted at the emergence of a non-centralised production model in Syria during the Abbasid period, but this was not conclusive.