Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Results from the HI Jodrell All Sky Survey: inclination-dependent selection effects in a 21-cm blind survey

Details are presented of the H i Jodrell All Sky Survey (HIJASS). HIJASS is a blind neutral hydrogen (H I ) survey of the northern sky (δ > 22°), being conducted using the multibeam receiver on the Lovell Telescope (full width at half-maximum beamwidth 12 arcmin) at Jodrell Bank. HIJASS covers the velocity range -3500 to 10 000 km s - 1 , with a velocity resolution of 18.1 km s - 1 and spatial positional accuracy of ∼2.5 arcmin. Thus far about 1115 deg 2 of sky have been surveyed. The average rms noise during the early part of the survey was around 16 mJy beam - 1 . Following the first phase of the Lovell Telescope upgrade (in 2001), the rms noise is now around 13 mJy beam - 1 . We describe the methods of detecting galaxies within the HIJASS data and of measuring their H I parameters. The properties of the resulting H i-selected sample of galaxies are described. Of the 222 sources so far confirmed, 170 (77 per cent) are clearly associated with a previously catalogued galaxy. A further 23 sources (10 per cent) lie close (within 6 arcmin) to a previously catalogued galaxy for which no previous redshift exists. A further 29 sources (13 per cent) do not appear to be associated with any previously catalogued galaxy. The distributions of peak flux, integrated flux, H I mass and cz are discussed. We show, using the HIJASS data, that H I self-absorption is a significant, but often overlooked, effect in galaxies with large inclination angles to the line of sight. Properly accounting for it could increase the derived H I mass density of the local Universe by at least 25 per cent. The effect that this will have on the shape of the H I mass function will depend on how self-absorption affects galaxies of different morphological types and H i masses. We also show that galaxies with small inclinations to the line of sight may also be excluded from H I-selected samples, since many such galaxies will have observed velocity widths that are too narrow for them to be distinguished from narrow-band radio-frequency interference. This effect will become progressively more serious for galaxies with smaller intrinsic velocity widths. If, as we might expect, galaxies with smaller intrinsic velocity widths have smaller HI masses, then compensating for this effect could significantly steepen the faint-end slope of the derived HI mass function.
Game specification in normative multiagent system: the trias politica

We formalize the specification of games in the trias politico using Rao and Georgeff's specification language BDI/sub CTL*/. In particular, we generalize Rao and Georgeff's specification of single agent decision trees to multiagent games, for which we introduce observations and recursive modelling, in this setting we formalize obligations, and we characterize four kinds of agents, called legislators, judges, policemen and citizens. Legislators are characterized by their power to create and revise obligations, judges are characterized by their power to count behavior of citizens as violations, and policemen are characterized by their ability to sanction behavior.
Discernible rhythm in the spatio/temporal distributions of transatlantic dust

Abstract. The differences in North African dust emission regions and transport routes, between the boreal winter and summer, are thoroughly documented. Here we re-examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of dust transport over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, using 10 yr of satellite data, in order to better characterize the different dust transport periods. We see a robust annual triplet: a discernible rhythm of "transatlantic dust weather". The proposed annual partition is composed of two heavy loading periods, associated here with a northern-route period and southern-route period, and one light-loading period, accompanied by unusually low average optical depth of dust. The two dusty periods are quite different in character: their duration, transport routes, characteristic aerosol loading and frequency of pronounced dust episodes. The southern-route period lasts ~4 months. It is characterized by a relatively steady southern positioning, low frequency of dust events, low background values and high variance in dust loading. The northern-route period lasts ~6.5 months and is associated with a steady drift northward of ~0.1 latitude day −1 , reaching ~1500 km north of the southern-route. The northern period is characterized by higher frequency of dust events, higher (and variable) background and smaller variance in dust loading. It is less episodic than the southern period. Transitions between the periods are brief. Separation between the southern and northern periods is marked by northward latitudinal shift in dust transport and by moderate reduction in the overall dust loading. The second transition, between the northern and southern periods, commences with an abrupt reduction in dust loading and rapid shift southward of ~0.2 latitude day −1 , and ~1300 km in total. Based on cross-correlation analyses, we attribute the observed rhythm to the contrast between the northwestern and southern Saharan dust source spatial distributions. Despite the vast difference in areas, the Bodele Depression, located in Chad, appears to modulate transatlantic dust patterns about half the time.
Efficient Execution of Process Networks

Kahn process networks (KPNs) [1] are a popular modeling technique for mediaand signal-processing applications. A KPN makes parallelism and communication in an application explicit; thus, KPNs are a modeling paradigm that is very suitable for multi-processor architectures. We present techniques for the efficient execution of KPNs, taking into account both execution time and memory usage.
Indoor place recognition based on set operation of keypoints databases

In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm based on independent keypoints databases for indoor place recognition. In analogy with set operation, a new kind of operations for keypoints sets are defined to describe the process of independent keypoints database establishment and place classification. To obtain the databases, keypoints are firstly extracted from sample images whose class are known, and then they are processed by set operation. A serious of experiments are conducted to test the influence from the parameters of the algorithm on the effect of the algorithm based on the INDECS database and verified that the algorithm is not sensitive to parameters and changing environment. Then an integrated experiment was developed to test the performance of this algorithm, and verified that it is a robust algorithm with high precision.
On Reduced Complexity Decoding Algorithms for STBC-MTCM in Fast Fading Channels

STBC-MTCM scheme which achieves high rate, full diversity and large coding gains is an outstanding example of transmit diversity scheme for multiple-antenna system. In the case of time selective fast fading (TSFF) or frequency selective fading (FSF) channels, the performance of current existing STBC-MTCM decoder suffers from an irreducible error floor. In this paper, we present two computational efficient decoding algorithms: zero-forcing (ZF) detector and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) detector to combat the fast fading channels. The proposed decoding algorithms provide a robust performance across range of channel conditions from quasi-static (slow) fading to TSFF or FSF. Simulation results suggest that our proposed decoding algorithms have near maximum-likelihood (ML) performance while being computational more efficient
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule-Mediated Fyn Activation Promotes GABAergic Synapse Maturation in Postnatal Mouse Cortex

GABAergic basket interneurons form perisomatic synapses, which are essential for regulating neural networks, and their alterations are linked to various cognitive dysfunction. Maturation of basket synapses in postnatal cortex is activity dependent. In particular, activity-dependent downregulation of polysialiac acid carried by the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) regulates the timing of their maturation. Whether and how NCAM per se affects GABAergic synapse development is unknown. Using single-cell genetics to knock out NCAM in individual basket interneurons in mouse cortical slice cultures, at specific developmental time periods, we found that NCAM loss during perisomatic synapse formation impairs the process of basket cell axonal branching and bouton formation. However, loss of NCAM once the synapses are already formed did not show any effect. We further show that NCAM120 and NCAM140, but not the NCAM180 isoform, rescue the phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that a dominant-negative form of Fyn kinase mimics, whereas a constitutively active form of Fyn kinase rescues, the effects of NCAM knockdown. Altogether, our data suggest that NCAM120/NCAM140-mediated Fyn activation promotes GABAergic synapse maturation in postnatal cortex.
Unbiasedness or Statistical Efficiency： Comparison between One-stage Tobit of MLE and Two-step Tobit of OLS

This paper tried to construct statistical and econometric models on the basis of economic theory in order to discuss the issue of statistical efficiency and unbiasedness including the sample selection bias correcting problem. Comparative analytical tool were one stage Tobit of Maximum Likelihood estimation and Heckman's two-step Tobit of Ordinary Least Squares. The results showed that the adequacy of model for the analysis on demand and choice, we believe that there is no big difference in explanatory variables between the first selection model and the second linear probability model. Since the Lambda, the self- selectivity correction factor, in the Type II Tobit is not statistically significant, there is no self-selectivity in the Type II Tobit model, indicating that Type I Tobit model would give us better explanation in the demand for and choice which is less complicated statistical method rather than type II model.
Multiview Deblurring for 3-D Images from Light-Sheet-Based Fluorescence Microscopy

We propose an algorithm for 3-D multiview deblurring using spatially variant point spread functions (PSFs). The algorithm is applied to multiview reconstruction of volumetric microscopy images. It includes registration and estimation of the PSFs using irregularly placed point markers (beads). We formulate multiview deblurring as an energy minimization problem subject to L1-regularization. Optimization is based on the regularized Lucy-Richardson algorithm, which we extend to deal with our more general model. The model parameters are chosen in a profound way by optimizing them on a realistic training set. We quantitatively and qualitatively compare with existing methods and show that our method provides better signal-to-noise ratio and increases the resolution of the reconstructed images.
Evaluation of the Carbon Dioxide Uptake of Slag-Blended Concrete Structures, Considering the Effect of Carbonation

During the production of concrete, cement, water, aggregate, and chemical and mineral admixtures will be used, and a large amount of carbon dioxide will be emitted. Conversely, during the decades of service life of reinforced concrete structures, carbon dioxide in the environment can ingress into concrete and chemically react with carbonatable constitutes of hardened concrete, such as calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate. This chemical reaction process is known as carbonation. Carbon dioxide will be absorbed into concrete due to carbonation. This article presents a numerical procedure to quantitatively evaluate carbon dioxide emissions and the absorption of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) blended concrete structures. Based on building scales and drawings, the total volume and surface area of concrete are calculated. The carbon dioxide emission is calculated using the total volume of concrete and unit carbon dioxide emission of materials. Next, using a slag blended cement hydration model and a carbonation model, the carbonation depth is determined. The absorbed carbon dioxide is evaluated using the carbonation depth of concrete, the surface area of concrete structures, and the amount of carbonatable materials. The calculation results show that for the studied structure with slag blended concrete, for each unit of CO2 produced, 4.61% of carbon dioxide will be absorbed during its 50 years of service life.
Framework Paper on the Political Economy of African Growth1

Introduction Two incontrovertible facts from the last quarter century are that African economies grew very slowly; and that African governments adopted poor economic policies. In exploring the link between these two facts, recent research on economic growth has focused on two issues: (i) why these countries have persistently adopted poor policies; and (ii) explaining the finding that, had African countries adopted better policies, the outcomes would still have been disappointing. The answers to both questions underscore the significance of politics and institutions. Just as discussions of East Asia's rapid growth emphasized the economic importance of the developmental state (Evans 1995) and stressed the role of the bureaucracy (World Bank 1993), discussions of Africa's decline focused on the economic costs of politics and poor governance (Findlay 1991). Systematic empirical investigations, as by Barro (1991), found it necessary to introduce regional "dummies" in order to account for cross-national variation in growth, and to include measures of politics. Later work has explored the impact of such political attributes as political rights, civil liberties, executive restraint, bureaucratic corruption, democracy, and coups, for example (Brunetti 1998; see also Beetham 1994; Bollen 1995),in accounting for such differences.
Camurati-Engelmann disease : typical manifestations of a rare disease

Camurati-Engelmann Disease or progressive diaphyseal dysplasia is a rare disease, characterized by limb pain and muscular weakness, and cortical thickening of the diaphyses of long bones. The authors report a case of a male patient with manifestations since his childhood, whose diagnosis was established later on, when he was an adult, with the disease already progressed, and when the same manifestations began in one of his sons. The importance of the differential diagnosis regarding other diseases concurrent with osteosclerotic and/or hyperostotic changes is emphasized here. Description of its evolution along the years is rarely found in the literature.
The Two Stem Cell MicroRNA Gene Clusters C19MC and miR-371-3 Are Activated by Specific Chromosomal Rearrangements in a Subgroup of Thyroid Adenomas

Thyroid adenomas are common benign human tumors with a high prevalence of about 5% of the adult population even in iodine sufficient areas. Rearrangements of chromosomal band 19q13.4 represent a frequent clonal cytogenetic deviation in these tumors making them the most frequent non-random chromosomal translocations in human epithelial tumors at all. Two microRNA (miRNA) gene clusters i.e. C19MC and miR-371-3 are located in close proximity to the breakpoint region of these chromosomal rearrangements and have been checked for a possible up-regulation due to the genomic alteration. In 4/5 cell lines established from thyroid adenomas with 19q13.4 rearrangements and 5/5 primary adenomas with that type of rearrangement both the C19MC and miR-371-3 cluster were found to be significantly overexpressed compared to controls lacking that particular chromosome abnormality. In the remaining cell line qRT-PCR revealed overexpression of members of the miR-371-3 cluster only which might be due to a deletion accompanying the chromosomal rearrangement in that case. In depth molecular characterization of the breakpoint in a cell line from one adenoma of this type reveals the existence of large Pol-II mRNA fragments as the most likely source of up-regulation of the C19MC cluster. The up-regulation of the clusters is likely to be causally associated with the pathogenesis of the corresponding tumors. Of note, the expression of miRNAs miR-520c and miR-373 is known to characterize stem cells and in terms of molecular oncology has been implicated in invasive growth of epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo thus allowing to delineate a distinct molecular subtype of thyroid adenomas. Besides thyroid adenomas rearrangements of 19q13.4 are frequently found in other human neoplasias as well, suggesting that activation of both clusters might be a more general phenomenon in human neoplasias.
Emotional speech synthesis and its application to pervasive E-learning

With the significant development of information science and computer technology in recent years, human-computer communication becomes the key technology for computer system to be personate and intelligent. Speech synthesis has bright and potential prospect in the field of human-computer communication. Intelligibility, variability and naturalness are the features of speech that have been mostly used to measure the performance of synthetic speech. Thus, we have improved our speech synthesis system with a prosodic control module. Since there are more and more intercourse between Chinese and European, especially the olympic games will be held in Beijing, English becomes one of the most useful languages for the international communication. Most English learners need to find a way to improve their spoken language, and the learning places should not be restricted to traditional classrooms. Pervasive computing is the next generation computing paradigm, providing the right information to the right person at the right time no matter where he is. In this paper, a pervasive computing english E-learning system is presented applying HPC model, the LAAD method', speech recognition and synthesis technologies. Especially, an improved stepwise FD (frequency-domain) &TD PSOLA emotional speech synthesis method is described in detail.
Retiree-Attraction Policies: Challenges for Local Governance in Rural Regions

Retiree-attraction policies are particularly promising economic development strategies for many nonmetropolitan and exurban communities, yet scant attention has been given to the implications of such policies for local governance. Although these policies can bring dollars with a high multiplier effect to communities while imposing low demands on some public services, they are not without costs. After exploring the positive and negative aspects of retiree -attraction policies, this article poses questions such policies should raise for locally elected officials, public administrators, and other stakeholders concerning the sustainability of such policies and their community’s readiness to undertake this kind of economic development.
Optimized weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory schemes for computational aeroacoustics

ENO (Essentially Non-Oscillatory) and weighted ENO (WENO) schemes were designed for high-resolution of discontinuities such as shock waves. They are uniformly highorder accurate, and essentially oscillation free. Optimized schemes such as the DRP (Dispersion-Relation-Preserving) schemes are optimized for short waves (with respect to the grid spacing ∆x, e.g., waves that are 6-8∆x in wave length) in the wave number space. Although they may have formally lower order accuracy than non-optimized maximum-order schemes, they are capable of resolving short waves with higher accuracy. Therefore, they are better suited for broadband acoustic wave problems. In this paper, we seek to unite the advantages of ENO, WENO schemes and optimized schemes through the development of Optimized Weighted ENO (OWENO) schemes to tackle shock/broadband acoustic wave interactions and small scale flow turbulences relative to the grid spacing. A third-order OWENO and a seventh order WENO scheme are compared against each other for performance on the scalar model equation. It has been shown that the OWENO scheme indeed gives much better results in resolving short waves than the WENO scheme while yielding non-oscillatory solutions for discontinuities. The OWENO scheme is then extended to the linearized Euler equations to solve two computational aeroacoustics (CAA) benchmark problems for which analytical solutions are available. For both cases, excellent agreement with analytical solutions has been achieved.
Characteristic classes for irregular singularities

For an endomorphism in a finite dimensional vector space, one can define its characteristic polynomial and rational Jordan normal form. In this article something analogous is done for differential operators in a finite dimensional vector space. An overview of (partial) algorithms to compute these invariants is also given. Proofs and more results and details can be found in [8] on which this article is based.
Trust Based Routing for Misbehavior Detection in Ad Hoc Networks

Node misbehavior due to selfish or malicious intention could significantly degrade the performance of MANET because most existing routing protocols in MANET are aiming at finding most efficiency path. To deal with misbehavior in MANET, an incentive mechanism should be integrated into routing decision-making. In this paper firstly we review existing techniques for secure routing, and then propose to use trust vector model based routing protocols. Each node would evaluate its own trust vector parameters about neighbors through monitoring neighbors’ pattern of traffic in network. At the same time, trust dynamics is included in term of robustness. Then we integrated trust model into Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) which are most typical routing protocols in MANET. We evaluate the performance of those trust routing protocols by compar ing the simulation results of with and without the proposed trust mechanism . The simulation results demonstrate that modified routing protocols can effectively detect malicious nodes and mitigate their attacks.
Exploiting Prosody Hierarchy and Dynamic Features for Pitch Modeling and Generation in HMM-Based Speech Synthesis

This paper proposes a method for modeling and generating pitch in hidden Markov model (HMM)-based Mandarin speech synthesis by exploiting prosody hierarchy and dynamic pitch features. The prosodic structure of a sentence is represented by a prosody hierarchy, which is constructed from the predicted prosodic breaks using a supervised classification and regression tree (S-CART). The S-CART is trained by maximizing the proportional reduction of entropy to minimize the errors in the prediction of the prosodic breaks. The pitch contour of a speech sentence is estimated using the STRAIGHT algorithm and decomposed into the prosodic features (static features) at prosodic word, syllable, and frame layers, based on the predicted prosodic structure. Dynamic features at each layer are estimated to preserve the temporal correlation between adjacent units. A hierarchical prosody model is constructed using an unsupervised CART (U-CART) for generating pitch contour. Minimum description length (MDL) is adopted in U-CART training. Objective and subjective evaluations with statistical hypothesis testing were conducted, and the results compared to corresponding results for HMM-based pitch modeling. The comparison confirms the improved performance of the proposed method.
Performing and Reforming Leaders: Gender, Educational Restructuring, and Organizational Change

Performing and Reforming Leaders critically analyzes how women negotiate the dilemmas they face in leadership and managerial roles in Australian schools, universities, and continuing education. The authors examine how new managerialism and markets in education transformed how academics and teachers did their work, and in turn changed the nature of educational leadership in ways that were dissonant with the leadership practices and values women brought to the job.