Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cooper minima in resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization-photoelectron spectroscopy of NO via the D ^2Σ^+ and C ^2Π Rydberg states

Cooper minima are predicted to occur in the 3pσ→kσ(l=2) and 3pσ→kπ(l=2) channels in the resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of NO via the D ^2Σ^+(3pσ) Rydberg state. The low energy kσ(l=2) Cooper minimum leads to the observed ΔN = N^+ − N’=0 photoelectron peak, in addition to the ΔN = ±1, ±3 peaks seen in the rotational spectra. The Cooper minima are accompanied by significant l mixing in the continuum due to the nonspherical molecular potential and result in a strong dependence of rotational branching ratios and angular distributions on photoelectron kinetic energy. A Cooper minimum is also predicted in the 3pπ→kδ(l=2) channel for photoionization of the C ^2Π(3pπ) Rydberg state. The effect of this Cooper minimum on photoelectron spectra and photoelectron angular distributions is also investigated.
A Quasiphysics Intelligent Model for a Long Range Fast Tool Servo

Accurately modeling the dynamic behaviors of fast tool servo (FTS) is one of the key issues in the ultraprecision positioning of the cutting tool. Herein, a quasiphysics intelligent model (QPIM) integrating a linear physics model (LPM) and a radial basis function (RBF) based neural model (NM) is developed to accurately describe the dynamic behaviors of a voice coil motor (VCM) actuated long range fast tool servo (LFTS). To identify the parameters of the LPM, a novel Opposition-based Self-adaptive Replacement Differential Evolution (OSaRDE) algorithm is proposed which has been proved to have a faster convergence mechanism without compromising with the quality of solution and outperform than similar evolution algorithms taken for consideration. The modeling errors of the LPM and the QPIM are investigated by experiments. The modeling error of the LPM presents an obvious trend component which is about ±1.15% of the full span range verifying the efficiency of the proposed OSaRDE algorithm for system identification. As for the QPIM, the trend component in the residual error of LPM can be well suppressed, and the error of the QPIM maintains noise level. All the results verify the efficiency and superiority of the proposed modeling and identification approaches.
Improving traffic classification and policing at application layer

The common process of classifying network traffic resorting to a set of IP header fields and well-known communication ports is highly fallible as some applications try to hide their true nature by, for instance, using dynamic, non default ports. In this paper, we argue and demonstrate that application layer inspection is a possible and convenient approach to derive the correct application protocol. This detection and classification process is crucial to allow an efficient control of traffic entering the network. Taking pfSense as a case study, we extend its current layer 3 and 4 classification scheme with layer 7 (L7) capabilities, providing a powerful solution to control traffic based on application patterns. We propose the concept and use of L7 containers so that a user can easily create a set of rules for inspection, which will drive lower-level traffic control. In addition, we propose and implement a mechanism to create automatically useful application inspection scenarios.
4. Further Applications

72 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following people for their comments on drafts of this paper and/or help in other ways: We also thank the anonymous referees for their careful reading and helpful comments. We conclude here by mentioning the authors' claim that this approach has great eeciency. In particular, it is several times faster than each of two Boolean solvers deployed in CHIP, and some special-purpose stand-alone solvers. The applications discussed in the previous two sections are but a sample of CLP applications. Here we brieey mention some others to indicate the breadth of problems that have been addressed using CLP languages and techniques. We have exempliied the use of CLP to model analog circuits above. A considerable amount of work has also been done on digital circuits, in particular on veriication 226, 228, 231, 232], diagnosis 229], synthesis 230] and test-pattern generation 227]. Many of these works used the CHIP system. See also 88] for a description of a large application. In civil engineering, 155] used CLP(R) for the analysis and partial synthesis of truss structures. As with electrical circuits, the constraints implement physical modelling and are used to verify truss and support components, as well as to generate spatial conngurations. There is also work in mechanical engineering; 239] used CLP(R) to design gear boxes, and 245] combined techniques from qualitative physics and CLP(R) to design mechanical systems from behavior speciications. In general, engineering applications such as these use CLP to specify a hierarchical composition of complex systems and for rule-based reasoning. Another important application area for CLP is nance. We mentioned the OTAS work above. Some further work is 119] which also deals with option valuations, and 23, 24, 37] which deal with nancial planning. These nancial applications have tended to take the form of expert systems involving sophisticated mathematical models. There have been various proposals for including certainty measures and probabilities in logic programs to provide some built-in evidential reasoning that can be useful when writing expert systems. Original proposals 222, 83] intended Prolog as the underlying language, but it is clear that CLP languages provide for more exible execution of such expert systems. Finally, we mention work on applying CLP languages to: music 251], car se-quencing 109], aircraft traac control 57], building visual language parsers 105], a warehousing problem 25], safety analysis 68], frequency assignment for cellular telephones 47], timetabling 31], oor planning …
The design and implementation of zero copy MPI using commodity hardware with a high performance network

This paper designs an implementation of the MPI message passing interface using a zero copy message transfer primitive supported by a lower communication layer to realize a high performance communication library. The zero copy message transfer primitive requires a memory area pinned down to physical memory, which is a restricted quantity resource under a paging memory system. Allocation of pinned down memory by multiple simultaneous requests for sending and receiving without any control can cause deadlock. To avoid this deadlock, we have introduced: i) separate of control of send/receive pin-down memory areas to ensure that at least one send and receive may be processed concurrently, and ii) delayed queues to handle the postponed message passing operations which could not be pinned-down.
Margins and Financial Collateral for Derivatives Contracts: How to Deal with Procyclical Implications in a Financial Crisis

One of the lessons to be learned from the financial crisis is that the mechanics of initial margins and collateral haircuts, applied to manage counterparty credit risk and market risk out of an outstanding position in derivatives, may cause significant perverse effects on the financial system by exacerbating the credit crunch and the volatility of financial markets. Conservative haircuts and margins are deemed, by regulators and academics, to preserve the stability of central counterparties (CCPs) and other relevant financial counterparties whereas no tools are envisaged to activate — via the use of such measures of mitigation of the risk borne in connection to derivatives exposures — virtuous devices to ‘overcome’ those phases of the financial markets characterised by high volatility in the prices of assets and liquidity shortage. After some notes on the state of the art in the relevant literature and a review of most recent international attempts to regulate the field of over-thecounter (OTC) derivatives, this paper aims to suggest some adjustments to the classical mechanisms used to manage derivatives credit and market risks, aimed at getting over part of the procyclical implications of their use. Building on the generally agreed assumption that margins on derivatives need to be conservative and stable through the cycle, the models and simulations presented in this work argue that a pre-set addon to the basic margin is not the optimal solution to the problem of procyclicality. Instead, a flexible add-on to the initial margin, as well as a flexible haircut to apply to collateral, could represent a preferable approach, although it is not completely immune from drawbacks. Such results are deemed to have some relevance in the context of derivatives contracts at a time when different efforts are being undertaken to regulate the field with the aim of remedying the shortcomings evidenced by the outcome of the financial crisis.
Democratising Capitalism?: The Political Economy of Post-Communist Transformations in Romania, 1989-2001

Introduction 1. Communist legacies 2. Cultural factors in the economic and political transformations 3. Democratisation and the fragile political consensus 4. From plan to market: reforming the socialist economy 5. Institutionalising the separation between state and economy 6. International factors in Romania's post-communist transformations Conclusion: what kind of capitalism in Romania? Appendix 1. Elections results Appendix 2. Macroeconomic indicators Appendix 3. Cultural factors in economic and political transformations: a detailed example.
Examining Physical Activity Service Provision to Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Communities in Australia: A Qualitative Evaluation

Strong evidence exists for the role of physical activity in preventing and managing a range of chronic health conditions. A particular challenge in promoting physical activity as a health strategy exists in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) groups, as such groups demonstrate high risk for a range of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this research was to examine the perspective of multicultural health service providers for CALD groups with respect to the physical activity services/initiatives on offer, access barriers to these services, and ideas for future service delivery in this area. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 multicultural health service providers across the capital cities of the three most populous states in Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria), and thematic content analysis was used to examine the data. Findings indicated that the majority of physical activity initiatives were associated with organizations offering other social services for CALD communities but were greatly restrained by resources. As well, it was found that most services were not designed by taking into account specific cultural requirements for CALD communities or their cultural expectations. Common barriers identified to service uptake were classified as socio-cultural (e.g., gender, language, context of health) and environmental (e.g., transportation) in nature. These findings should be utilized when planning future physical activity and health promotion initiatives for increasing CALD participation. In particular, programs need to be culturally tailored to the specific expectations of CALD groups, addressing cultural safety and sensitivity, and should be in partnership with other organizations to extend the reach and capacity.
Routine and Standardization in Global Software Development

We present an ethnographic field study of a distributed software development team following the Scrum methodology. During a two-week period, we observed from both sites the collaboration between a Danish software company off-shoring part of their development to an Indian solution provider. Collaboration by its very definition is based on the notion of dependency in work between multiple people. Articulation work is the extra work required to handle these dependencies. In a globally distributed team, managing these dependencies is exacerbated due to the distances of time, space, and culture. To broaden our understanding of dependencies in a global context and how they influence work practices, we made them the focus of our analysis. The main contributions of this paper are (i) an empirical account of the dependencies that are part of the collaborative work in a global software development team, (ii) a discussion of the interlinked properties of dependencies, and (iii) an explanation of how the practices of standardization and routine are developed and used to manage these dependencies.
Mass segregation in young compact star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud: I. Data and luminosity functions

We have undertaken a detailed analysis of HST/WFPC2 and STIS imaging observations, and of supplementary wide-field ground-based observations obtained with the ESO New Technology Telescope (NTT) of two young (10-25 Myr) compact star clusters in the LMC, NGC 1805 and 1818. The ultimate goal of our work is to improve our understanding of the degree of primordial mass segregation in star clusters. This is crucial for the interpretation of observational luminosity functions (LFs) in terrns of the initial mass function (IMF), and for constraining the universality of the IMF. We present evidence for strong luminosity segregation in both clusters. The LF slopes steepen with cluster radius; in both NGC 1805 and 1818 the LF slopes reach a stable level well beyond the core of the clusters or half-light radii. In addition, the brightest cluster stars are strongly concentrated within the inner 4R h l . The global cluster LF, although strongly non-linear, is fairly well approximated by the core or half-light LF; the (annular) LFs at these radii are dominated by the segregated high-luminosity stars, however. We present tentative evidence for the presence of an excess number of bright stars surrounding NGC 1818, for which we argue that they are most probably massive stars that have been collisionally ejected from the cluster core. We therefore suggest that the cores of massive young stars clusters undergo significant dynamical evolution, even on time-scales as short as 25 Myr.
States of Development: On the Primacy of Politics in Development

Acknowledgements. Chapter 1: The Argument: The Primacy of Politics in Development. Chapter 2: Progress, Growth and Modernization: Antecedents of the Development Idea. Chapter 3: Meanings of Development: Postwar Developments. Chapter 4: States of Underdevelopment. Chapter 5: Governance and Development: Leaving Politics Out. Chapter 6: The Politics of Democratic Governance in the Third World. Chapter 7: Developmental States: Bringing Politics Back In. Chapter 8: Democracy and the Development State: Democratic Practices and Development Capacity. Chapter 9: Conclusion. References. Index
Enabling Secure Communication over Existing Peer-to-Peer Frameworks

Peer-to-peer technologies are, due to their distributed nature and the absence of a single point of failure, most promising in the field of providing privacy and security if appropriate mechanisms are in place. Currently security and privacy in peer-to-peer networks is tightly bound to specific frameworks. In this paper a flexible and modular approach for existing peer-to-peer frameworks to enable a secure communication using well-established and proven protocols and algorithms called SP2P is proposed. An interoperability layer is introduced where existing peer-to-peer frameworks, transport security protocols, different types of identities and appropriate identity authentication services can be plugged in seamlessly. The identity authentication service is designed to be compatible with existing quality level assurance frameworks which can be chosen depending on the deployment environment and requirements. Further the different components of end-to-end security protocols and their impact on the overall security and privacy level is analysed. This enables developers to use proven and well established security mechanisms without diving in the very specifics of different peer-to-peer framework specifications.
Use of a counterfactual approach to evaluate the effect of area closures on fishing location in a tropical tuna fishery

Spatial closures are widely used in marine conservation and fisheries management and it is important to understand their contribution to achieving management objectives. Many previous evaluations of closed area effects have used before-after comparisons, which, without controlling for a full range of factors, cannot ascribe changes in fleet behaviour to area closures per se. In this study we used a counterfactual approach to disentangle the effect of two closed areas on fishing location from other competing effects on the behaviour of the Indian Ocean tuna purse seine fishery. Our results revealed an inconsistent effect of the one of the closed areas between years, after taking into account the influence of environmental conditions on fleet behaviour. This suggests that the policy of closing the area per se was not the main driver for the fleet allocating its effort elsewhere. We also showed a marked difference in effect between the two closed areas resulting from their different locations in the fishery area. These findings highlight the need to account for other key fleet behavioural drivers when predicting or evaluating the contribution of area closures to achieving conservation and fishery management objectives.
A Privacy Service for Locator/Identifier-Split Architectures Based on Mobile IP Mechanisms

Concepts for a next generation Internet architecture quite often propose to decouple identifiers from locators. The so-called locator/identifier-split solves several problematic issues of today's Internet architecture. At the same time, however, a user's location is exposed within the whole network and any participant can be traced. Privacy considerations, therefore, need to be a key design element for any locator/identifier-split architecture. In this paper, we introduce a novel privacy service for locator/identifier-split architectures. The service is following Mobile IP's proxy idea and introduces mechanisms to overcome the unwanted side effects of such an approach. The concept decouples the privacy service from the network and leaves it open to the customer whether he wants to subscribe or not.
The Neighborhood Stabilization Program: strategically targeting public investments

Launched in 2008, the Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) provides localities with federal funding – about $7 billion to date – to help mitigate the negative spillover effects of foreclosed and distressed properties. Since this funding is small compared to the scale of the foreclosure crisis and the level of need, the program relies on a strategy of geographic targeting, concentrating investments where the market needs public dollars to stabilize. Through case studies of Los Angeles and Cleveland, this article shows how NSP grantees are using data about the local housing market to tailor their NSP strategies, resulting in very different interventions in the two cities. Targeting NSP funding has led to a measurable impact; at the end of 2010, more than 36,000 properties had been purchased and rehabilitated, making up approximately 20 percent of the REO in NSP-targeted areas.
Impact of ultra-processed foods on micronutrient content in the Brazilian diet

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of consuming ultra-processed foods on the micronutrient content of the Brazilian population’s diet. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed using data on individual food consumption from a module of the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. A representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years or over was assessed (n = 32,898). Food consumption data were collected through two 24-hour food records. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between the nutrient content of the diet and the quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption – crude and adjusted for family income per capita. RESULTS Mean daily energy intake per capita was 1,866 kcal, with 69.5% coming from natural or minimally processed foods, 9.0% from processed foods and 21.5% from ultra-processed foods. For sixteen out of the seventeen evaluated micronutrients, their content was lower in the fraction of the diet composed of ultra-processed foods compared with the fraction of the diet composed of natural or minimally processed foods. The content of 10 micronutrients in ultra-processed foods did not reach half the content level observed in the natural or minimally processed foods. The higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was inversely and significantly associated with the content of vitamins B12, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin, pyridoxine, copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium and zinc. The reverse situation was only observed for calcium, thiamin and riboflavin. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study highlight that reducing the consumption of ultra-processed foods is a natural way to promote healthy eating in Brazil and, therefore, is in line with the recommendations made by the Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira (Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population) to avoid these foods.
Towards Autonomous Self-Tests at Runtime

Self-adaptive and self-organising (SASO) systems are one promising approach to counter the raising interconnectedness and complexity in technical systems [1]. In particular, decisions about parametrisation, behaviour, and even structure are moved into the responsibility of the systems themselves: from design-time to runtime. This means that hardly all conditions a system may face can be foreseen during development. Consequently, a full test coverage at design-time is seldom possible as well. We argue that such a transfer of decisions to runtime also impacts the approach to test the resulting systems. If conditions, interaction partners, and resulting behaviour occur only at runtime, testing these aspects has to occur at runtime as well. Besides standard functionality tests (e.g. watchdogs), the distributed and component-oriented nature of self-organising systems can be re-used for highly autonomous and adaptive test mechanisms by establishing and dissolving relationships of test-tester pairs at runtime. The basic idea is to augment more static self-tests (i.e. integrated in hardware, or internal software routines) with dynamic tests - ranging from availability tests at the lowest level to comprising tests at the highest level (i.e. verifying that a component has not been taken over by an attacker). Since we want to avoid single points of failure and maintain scalability in large-scale self-organised systems, we propose a fully self-organised approach, the autonomous self-tests. In this article, we sketch a concept to runtime testing in terms of self-tests, briefly summarise the state-of-the-art, and illustrate the idea by means of examples from the smart camera and intrusion detection domains.