Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A‐V Conduction in Auricular Flutter

Flutter of the auricles may be associated with either a regular or an irregular ventricular rate. The former occurs as a rule in the untreated patient, the latter as a result of digitalis therapy. An attempt was made to explain the irregular ventricular response in auricular flutter as a result of a conduction disturbance similar to that seen in sinus rhythm with second degree A-V block characterized by progressive lengthening of the A-V conduction time preceding the dropped beat (Wenckebach phenomenon). Such an approach was suggested by the peculiar arrangement of the ventricular beats in some cases of auricular flutter. Similarly, in order to account for certain features of the arrhythmia it was assumed that some of the non-conducted flutter impulses penetrate into the A-V junction and thus influence the conduction of the subsequent flutter impulses.
Seed dormancy in red rice : v. Response to azide, hydroxylamine, and cyanide.

The activity of NaN(3) (0.5 millimolar), hydroxylamine-HCl (10-18 millimolar), and potassium cyanide (1 millimolar) as dormancy-breaking agents of dehulled red rice (Oryza sativa) is pH-dependent such that medium pH values favoring formation of the uncharged chemical species resulted in the highest germination percentages. There was no promotive effect of pH itself in the range of 3 to 10. The minimum contact times for maximum response (>/=90% germination) to NaN(3), KCN, and NH(2)OH-HCl are 8 hours at pH 4, 24 hours at pH 8, and 72 hours at pH 6 or 7, respectively, for exposure commencing at the start of imbibition. Dehulled seeds, imbibed first in water, show only slightly reduced germination when subsequently transferred to solutions of dormancy-breaking chemicals.Intact seeds remain dormant in the presence of NaN(3), KCN, or NH(2)OH-HCl unless partially dry-afterripened. The pH dependence of these chemicals is reduced in intact, afterripening seeds.
Crosstalk-Induced Delay, Noise, and Interconnect Planarization Implications of Fill Metal in Nanoscale Process Technology

In this paper, we investigate the crosstalk-induced delay, noise, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP)-induced thickness-variation implications of dummy fill generated using rule-based wire track fill techniques and CMP-aware model-based methods for designs implemented in 65 nm process technology. The results indicate that fill generated using rule-based and CMP-aware model-based methods can have a significant impact on parasitic capacitance, interconnect planarization, and individual path delay variation. Crosstalk-induced delay and noise are significantly reduced in the grounded-fill cases, and designs with floating fill also experience a reduction in average crosstalk-induced delay and noise, which is in contrast to the predictions of previous studies on small-scale interconnect structures. When crosstalk effects are included in the analysis, the observed delay behavior is significantly different from the delay modeled without considering crosstalk effects. Consequently, crosstalk-induced delay and noise must be simultaneously considered in addition to parasitic capacitance and interconnect planarization when developing future fill generation methods.
Active Learning from Positive and Unlabeled Data

During recent years, active learning has evolved into a popular paradigm for utilizing user's feedback to improve accuracy of learning algorithms. Active learning works by selecting the most informative sample among unlabeled data and querying the label of that point from user. Many different methods such as uncertainty sampling and minimum risk sampling have been utilized to select the most informative sample in active learning. Although many active learning algorithms have been proposed so far, most of them work with binary or multi-class classification problems and therefore can not be applied to problems in which only samples from one class as well as a set of unlabeled data are available. Such problems arise in many real-world situations and are known as the problem of learning from positive and unlabeled data. In this paper we propose an active learning algorithm that can work when only samples of one class as well as a set of unlabeled data are available. Our method works by separately estimating probability density of positive and unlabeled points and then computing expected value of in formativeness to get rid of a hyper-parameter and have a better measure of in formativeness. Experiments and empirical analysis show promising results compared to other similar methods.
Constraints on gamma-ray burst and supernova progenitors through circumstellar absorption lines II. Post-LBV Wolf-Rayet stars

Context. Wolf-Rayet stars are thought to be the progenitors of type Ib/c supernovae and of long gamma-ray bursts. Aims. As shown by van Marle et al. (2005, AA they dissipate on time scales shorter than 50 000 yr. As the LBV stage is thought to occur at the beginning of core helium burning, the remaining Wolf-Rayet life time is expected to be one order of magnitude larger. Conclusions. When interpreting the absorption components in the afterglow spectrum of GRB 021004 as circumstellar, it can be concluded that the progenitor of this source did most likely not evolve through an LBV stage, as no intermediate velocity absorption components are predicted to prevail until core collapse. However, a close binary with a late common-envelope phase (Case C) may produce a circumstellar medium that closely resembles the LBV to Wolf-Rayet evolution, but with a much shorter Wolf-Rayet period. This scenario can not be ruled out.
Effective instructional leadership Teachers' perspectives on how principals promote teaching and learning in schools

Few studies have directly examined teachers’ perspectives on principals’ everyday instructional leadership characteristics and the impacts of those characteristics on teachers. In this study, over 800 American teachers responded to an open‐ended questionnaire by identifying and describing characteristics of principals that enhanced their classroom instruction and what impacts those characteristics had on them. The data revealed two themes (and 11 strategies) of effective instructional leadership: talking with teachers to promote reflection and promoting professional growth.
Implementing Software Process Improvement Initiatives: An Analysis of Vietnamese Practitioners' Views

There is a vital need for gaining a solid understanding of different aspects of implementing SPI initiatives in organizations involved in software outsourcing and/or off-shoring, which are parts of Global Software Development (GSD) phenomenon. However, little attention has been paid to understand difficulties and challenges involved in implementing SPI programs in developing countries like Vietnam and Malaysia, which are emerging as key players in the context of GSD. This paper presents findings from an empirical study aimed at exploring practitioners' experiences and perceptions of different aspects of implementing SPI initiatives. Face-to-face meeting sessions were conducted with twenty-three software development practitioners from eight Vietnamese software development organisations, which were involved in software outsourcing contracts and had initiated SPI programs. The results provide interesting insights into different aspects of SPI initiatives. We expect that the findings can provide some advice to SPI practitioners on what needs to be addressed when developing SPI implementation initiatives in countries like Vietnam.
Early immunosuppression withdrawal after living donor liver transplantation and donor stem cell infusion

Long‐term results of organ transplantation are still limited by serious side effects of immunosuppressive drugs. A major issue, therefore, is to elaborate novel therapeutic protocols allowing withdrawal or minimization of immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation. We report on 3 patients prospectively enrolled in an original protocol designed to promote graft acceptance in living donor liver transplantation, using posttransplant conditioning with high doses of antithymocyte globulin followed by injection of donor‐derived stem cells. In 2 patients, early immunosuppression withdrawal was possible, without subsequent graft deterioration. In these 2 cases, in vitro studies showed indices of immunological tolerance as assessed by specific hyporesponsiveness to donor alloantigens in mixed lymphocytes culture. In the third patient, acute rejection rapidly occurred after discontinuation of immunosuppression, and minimal immunosuppression has to be maintained during long‐term follow‐up. In this case, a clearly distinct immunoreactive profile was observed as compared to tolerant patients, as no specific modulation of the antidonor response was observed in vitro. Of note, no macrochimerism could be detected in any of the 3 patients during the follow‐up. In conclusion, these clinical observations demonstrated that, despite the absence of macrochimerism, donor stem cells infusion combined with recipient conditioning may allow early immunosuppression withdrawal or minimization after liver transplantation. Liver Transpt 12:1523–1528, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Structural Analysis of Food Choice Practices for Children under Five Years Old at Rural Communities West Java

ABSTRACT The surge in malnutrition prevalence of underweight children under five from 17.9% to 19.6% in the 2007-2013 period, indicates that Indonesia is facing problems in terms of public health. Previous studies showed that the nutritional status and the health of children are concerned with the social practices of their food choices. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms of social structure and analyze the structures that play a role as inhibitors or activators social practices of food choice for children. This study involved 200 people of the main organizer of family food from the two communities in West Java province. Communities chosen have characterized the local community of highland and lowland agriculture. The results show that the structures that play a role as inhibitors or activators social practices of food choice in the highland community are the selection of food supplied from outside the community (structure of domination), income (structure of domination), and access to means of transportation (structure of domination). Meanwhile , at the community of lowland , structural inhibitors and activators social practices of food choice were identified as the food regulation for children who suffer from pain (structure of legitimacy), norms of parenting (structure of legitimacy ), a selection of food supplied from outside the community (structure of domination) and family support (structure of domination). Keywords: social practices, food choices, structure ABSTRAK Melonjaknya prevalensi gizi underweight anak balita dari 17.9% menjadi 19.6% pada tahun 2007-2013 menandai Indonesia sedang menghadapi masalah dalam hal kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa status gizi dan kesehatan anak mempunyai kaitan dengan praktik sosial pilihan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi bentuk struktur sosial dan menganalisis struktur sosial yang berperan menghambat dan mengaktifkan praktik sosial pilihan pangan untuk anak. Kajian ini melibatkan 200 individu pengelola utama pangan keluarga dari dua komunitas di propinsi Jawa Barat. Komunitas yang dipilih mencirikan komunitas lokal pertanian dataran tinggi dan komunitas lokal pertanian dataran rendah. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa struktur yang berperan sebagai penghambat atau pengaktif praktik sosial pilihan pangan pada komunitas dataran tinggi adalah pilihan pangan yang disediakan dari luar komunitas (struktur dominasi), biaya/penghasilan (sumberdaya alokatif-struktur dominasi), dan akses sarana transportasi (sumberdaya alokatif-struktur dominasi). Sementara itu, pada komunitas dataran rendah, struktur penghambat dan pengaktif praktik sosial pilihan pangan yang teridentifikasi adalah aturan pangan untuk anak yang menderita sakit (aturan-struktur legitimasi), norma pengasuhan anak (aturan-struktur legitimasi), pilihan pangan yang disediakan dari luar komunitas (struktur dominasi) dan dukungan keluarga (struktur dominasi). Kata kunci: praktik sosial, pilihan pangan, struktur
Sleep deprivation-induced multi-organ injury: role of oxidative stress and inflammation

Sleep deprivation affects all aspects of health. Adverse health effects by sleep deviation are still underestimated and undervalued in clinical practice and, to a much greater extent in monitoring human health. We hypothesized that sleep deprivation-induced mild organ injuries; oxidative stress and inflammation might play a crucial role in inducing multi-organ injury. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 6-7) were sleep-deprived for 0-72 h using a modified multiple platform boxes method. Blood and tissue were collected. Liver, heart, kidney, lung, and pancreatic injuries were evaluated using biochemical and histological analyses. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), total billirubin (TBIL), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine phosphokinase-myocardial band (CKMB), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were assayed in blood. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured. Histology revealed mild-to-moderate liver and lung injury in sleep-deprived mice. Sleep-deprived mice had significantly higher GOT, GPT, TBIL, CPK, CKMB, LDH, BUN, and α-amylase (AMYL) levels, which indicated liver, heart, kidney, and pancreatic injuries. Serum IL-1β at 24 h and IL-6 at 72 h were significantly higher in sleep-deprived than in control mice. Hepatic TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher, but IL-6 significantly lower in mice that had been sleep-deprived for 72 h. Sleep deprivation-mediated inflammation may be associated with mild to moderate multi-organ damage in mice. The implication of this study indicates sleep deprivation in humans may induce multi-organ injury that negatively affects cardiovascular and gastrointestinal health.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in two patients with Non-arteritic Anterior Optic Neuropathy who did not respond to Prednisone

Bojić L, Ivaniević M, Goović G. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in two patients with non-arteritic anterior optic neuropathy who did not respond to Prednisone. Undersea Hyper Med 2002; 28(2): 86-92. Recent advances in understanding the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on retinal anoxia gave rise to new interest in the possibility of using it as therapeutic treatment for ischemic conditions of the retina and optic nerve. Two patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy due to a high-grade ophthalmic artery stenosis were treated with HBO at 2 atm abs in an effort to increase oxygen delivery for the eye. Both patients showed marked improvements of visual acuity and visual field 3-5 months following the event. Our results are intriguing although the achieved improvement could be coincidental.
From specification to measurement: the bottleneck in analog industrial testing

The translation of the specification of an analog device into the necessary set of measurements to be carried out by an industrial test facility is discussed. Algorithms are developed to compute the number of test vectors needed to guarantee a certain parameter and to compare several possible test methods based on accuracy. It is shown that the specification of a circuit can be transformed into single-parameter measurements, to be carried out by an industrial test facility. There is a tradeoff between the number of measurements and the accuracy of the specified parameter. A computationally efficient tradeoff between test methods based on maximum accuracy can be made. One of the aspects needed to make these tradeoffs, the measurement error, can be predicted using one of the proposed experiments. There is a tradeoff between the complexity of the experiment and the accuracy of the error prediction. <<ETX>>
Metabolic Response to NAD Depletion across Cell Lines Is Highly Variable

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a cofactor involved in a wide range of cellular metabolic processes and is a key metabolite required for tumor growth. NAMPT, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, which converts nicotinamide (NAM) to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the immediate precursor of NAD, is an attractive therapeutic target as inhibition of NAMPT reduces cellular NAD levels and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. However, there is limited understanding of the metabolic response to NAD depletion across cancer cell lines and whether all cell lines respond in a uniform manner. To explore this we selected two non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines that are sensitive to the NAMPT inhibitor GNE-617 (A549, NCI-H1334), one that shows intermediate sensitivity (NCI-H441), and one that is insensitive (LC-KJ). Even though NAD was reduced in all cell lines there was surprising heterogeneity in their metabolic response. Both sensitive cell lines reduced glycolysis and levels of di- and tri-nucleotides and modestly increased oxidative phosphorylation, but they differed in their ability to combat oxidative stress. H1334 cells activated the stress kinase AMPK, whereas A549 cells were unable to activate AMPK as they contain a mutation in LKB1, which prevents activation of AMPK. However, A549 cells increased utilization of the Pentose Phosphate pathway (PPP) and had lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels than H1334 cells, indicating that A549 cells are better able to modulate an increase in oxidative stress. Inherent resistance of LC-KJ cells is associated with higher baseline levels of NADPH and a delayed reduction of NAD upon NAMPT inhibition. Our data reveals that cell lines show heterogeneous response to NAD depletion and that the underlying molecular and genetic framework in cells can influence the metabolic response to NAMPT inhibition.
Orange: multi field openflow based range classifier

Configuring range based packet classification rules in network switches is crucial to all network core functionalities, such as firewalls and routing. However, OpenFlow, the leading management protocol for SDN switches, lacks the interface to configure range rules directly and only provides mask based rules, named flow entries. In this work we present, ORange, the first solution to multi dimensional range classification in OpenFlow. Our solution is based on paradigms used in state of the art non-OpenFlow classifiers and is designed in a modular fashion allowing future extensions and improvements. We consider switch space utilization as well as atomic updates functionality, and in the network context we provide flow consistency even if flows change their entrance point to the network during policy updates, a property we name cross-entrance consistency. Our scheme achieves remarkable results and is easy to deploy.
Circular-core photonic crystal fiber design using different nano rod

A circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) integrated with higher index nano rods in silica background core is proposed. The nano rods are permeated with three semiconductor material Titanium Oxide, chalcogenide glass and an Aromatic polymer. The characteristic features of the proposed structure are explored and the effect of materials in the infused nano-rods on the parameters of the PCF is studied including attenuation coefficient, confinement loss, effective refractive index and effective modal area. The proposed fiber achieved a low confinement loss of 1.2×10−5 dB/m and a low attenuation coefficient of order 10−6 dB/m for the Aromatic polymer with best effective area out of all the materials as 4. 29μm2.
High levels of salivary lactobacilli in Estonian schoolchildren.

AIM This was to assess oral salivary lactobacilli levels compared with oral health in a group of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Tartu, Estonia. METHODS Whole saliva samples were collected and transferred to dip-slides (Dentocult LB) and incubated at 37 degrees C for 3 days. Dental caries, dental plaque, and data concerning the general health, dental habits and eating patterns were recorded. RESULTS Salivary lactobacilli were found in all children, with a quarter of them having high or very high lactobacilli counts. Caries prevalence of 75% and 2.6 DMFT were recorded. A positive correlation was found between the DMFS counts and the lactobacilli counts. CONCLUSION High levels of salivary lactobacilli were found in Estonian schoolchildren. Caries indicators of these children were slightly higher than in the same age group in Nordic countries.
Frazzled promotes growth cone attachment at the source of a Netrin gradient in the Drosophila visual system

Axon guidance is proposed to act through a combination of long- and short-range attractive and repulsive cues. The ligand-receptor pair, Netrin (Net) and Frazzled (Fra) (DCC, Deleted in Colorectal Cancer, in vertebrates), is recognized as the prototypical effector of chemoattraction, with roles in both long- and short-range guidance. In the Drosophila visual system, R8 photoreceptor growth cones were shown to require Net-Fra to reach their target, the peak of a Net gradient. Using live imaging, we show, however, that R8 growth cones reach and recognize their target without Net, Fra, or Trim9, a conserved binding partner of Fra, but do not remain attached to it. Thus, despite the graded ligand distribution along the guidance path, Net-Fra is not used for chemoattraction. Based on findings in other systems, we propose that adhesion to substrate-bound Net underlies both long- and short-range Net-Fra-dependent guidance in vivo, thereby eroding the distinction between them. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.20762. 001
Impact of Clinical and Therapeutic Factors on Incident Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in a Population‐Based Cohort of HIV‐Infected and Non–HIV‐Infected Adults

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CVD) events/diseases are a common cause of non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related mortality in the aging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected population. The incidence rate and clinical correlates of CVD in people living with HIV/AIDS compared to the general population warrants further investigation.
Antarctic Sea Ice Control on the Depth of North Atlantic Deep Water

Changes in deep-ocean circulation and stratification have been argued to contribute to climatic shifts between glacial and interglacial climates by affecting the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. It has been recently proposed that such changes are associated with variations in Antarctic sea ice through two possible mechanisms: an increased latitudinal extent of Antarctic sea ice and an increased rate of Antarctic sea ice formation. Both mechanisms lead to an upward shift of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) above depths where diapycnal mixing is strong (above 2000 m), thus decoupling the AMOC from the abyssal overturning circulation. Here, these two hypotheses are tested using a series of idealized two-basin ocean simulations. To investigate independently the effect of an increased latitudinal ice extent from the effect of an increased ice formation rate, sea ice is parameterized as a latitude strip over which the buoyancy flux is negative. The results suggest that both mechanisms can effectively decouple the two cells of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), and that their effects are additive. To illustrate the role of Antarctic sea ice in decoupling the AMOC and the abyssal overturning cell, the age of deep-water masses is estimated. An increase in both the sea ice extent and its formation rate yields a dramatic “aging” of deep-water masses if the sea ice is thick and acts as a lid, suppressing air–sea fluxes. The key role of vertical mixing is highlighted by comparing results using different profiles of vertical diffusivity. The implications of an increase in water mass ages for storing carbon in the deep ocean are discussed.