Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ontology-based question analysis in a multilingual environment: the MOSES case study

Question Answering (QA) systems (as QA track of the Text Retrieval conference (TREC-QA) competitions (Voorhees 2001) ), are able both to understand questions in natural language and to produce answers in the form of selected paragraphs extracted from very large collection s of text. Generally, they are open-domain systems, and do not rely on specialised conceptual knowledge, while using a mixture of statistical techniques and shallow linguistic analysis. Ontological Question Answering systems, e.g. (Woods et al. 1972, Zajac 2000) attack the problem by using an internal unambiguous knowledge representation. As any knowledge intensive application, ontological QA systems have as intrinsic limitation the small scale of the underlying syntactic-semantic models of natural language. While limitations are well-known, we are still questio ning if any improvement has occurred since the development of LUNAR, the first ontological QA system. Several important facts have emerged that could influence related research approaches: a growing availability of lexical knowledge bases that model and structure words: WordNet (Miller 1995) and EuroWordNet (Vossen 1998) among others; some open-domain QA systems have proven the usefulness of these resources (e.g. Harabagiu et al. 2001); the vision of a Web populated by “ontologically” tagged documents which the semantic Web initiative has promoted; this would require a world-wide collaborative work for building interrelated “conceptualisations” of domain specific knowledge; the trend in building shallow, modular, and robust natural language processing systems (Abney 1996, Hobbs et al. 1996, Ait-Moktar&Chanod 1997, Basili&Zanzotto 2002) which is making them appealing in the context of ontological QA systems, both for text interpretation (Andreasen et al. 2002) and for database access (Popescu et al. 2003). In such a new fascinating context, we are investigatin a novel approach to ontology-based QA in which users ask questions in natural language to knowledge bases of facts extracted from a federation of Web sites and organised in topic map repositories (Garshol 2003). Our approach is investigated in the context of the EU project MOSES ,
Attachment styles, motivations, and problematic use of massively multiplayer online games

The current study examined the relationship between different adult attachment styles, motivations, and gaming problems associated with massively multiplayer online games. Firstly, we explored the association between attachment styles and problematic online gaming use. Secondly, we explored the different motivations that people with different attachment styles have to play massively multiplayer online games. Findings indicated that participants with anxious attachment style and avoidant attachment style showed more problematic online gaming issues than participants with secure attachment style. Also, all the participants played mainly to immerse themselves into a virtual world, and not for social motivation or achievement motivation.
Ethico-legal issues in relation to end-of-life care and institutional mental health.

OBJECTIVES In view of the fact that there is a higher mortality rate for individuals with serious mental illness and that people with mental illness suffer excess mortality due to physical illness, the lack of attention to end-of-life care for patients with a serious mental illness needs addressing. This article seeks to put these issues on the agenda by beginning to explore important ethical-legal issues at the interface of palliative care and institutional mental health. METHODS Data were collected from eight qualitative interviews conducted with mental health professionals at The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Queensland. The interviews were recorded verbatim, coded and thematically analysed. RESULTS The findings highlight the inherent tension at the interface of compassionate, patient-centred end-of-life care and the participants' perception of the legal restraints imposed by virtue of being in a mental health institution. This article examines the participants' perceptions of the legal restraints curtailing the provision of palliative care in a mental health institution and considers these findings within an understanding of the limitations imposed by law. Our hope and expectation in undertaking this exploration is to clarify the legal limitations that operate to restrict the type of end-of-life care that can be offered to mental health patients, in order to provide an informed basis for practice.
On the integral of the workload process of the single server queue

This paper is devoted to a study of the integral of the workload process of the single server queue, in particular during one busy period. Firstly, we find asymptotics of the area 𝒜 swept under the workload process W(t) during the busy period when the service time distribution has a regularly varying tail. We also investigate the case of a light-tailed service time distribution. Secondly, we consider the problem of obtaining an explicit expression for the distribution of 𝒜. In the general GI/G/1 case, we use a sequential approximation to find the Laplace—Stieltjes transform of 𝒜. In the M/M/1 case, this transform is obtained explicitly in terms of Whittaker functions. Thirdly, we consider moments of 𝒜 in the GI/G/1 queue. Finally, we show asymptotic normality of .
EFFECT OF SOFT LENSES ON CORNEAL SENSITIVITY

Corneal sensitivity was measured prior to inserting hydrophilic lenses for 8 hours, just after removal, and again 15 min and 1 hour later. It was found that the sensitivity was not significantly different immediately after 8 hours of wear as compared to its initial value in the morning. However, after the lens had been removed for 1 hour, corneal sensitivity had diminished to a significant level indicating that soft lenses affected the sensitivity. This is understandable because corneal sensitivity normally increases throughout the day. It is felt that the reduction of corneal sensitivity induced by soft lenses may be due to some corneal oedema which might develop because the lenses hinder the evaporation of tears.
Combining chondroitinase ABC and growth factors promotes the integration of murine retinal progenitor cells transplanted into Rho−/− mice

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic effect of chondroitinase ABC and growth factors in the integration of murine retinal progenitor cells (mRPCs) transplanted into Rho−/− mice. Methods mRPCs from P1 green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice were isolated and expanded for transplantation. All mRPCs of 20 passages or less were transplanted into the subretinal space of B6 mice together with chondroitinase ABC, and into Rho−/− mice combined with chondroitinase ABC, N-[N-(3, 5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), and insulin growth factor (IGF)-1. Cell counts were used to examine the migration and survival rate of mRPCs in B6 mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the differentiation and integration of mRPCs in B6 and Rho−/− mice. Results Our results show that substantial numbers of mRPCs migrated and survived in the retina when transplanted with chondroitinase ABC into B6 and Rho−/− mice. Chondroitinase ABC disrupted the glial scar around the mRPCs in the subretinal space. Only a few mRPCs expressed recoverin in B6 mice. More mRPCs expressed rhodopsin, recoverin, and synaptophysin after transplantation into Rho−/− mice when combined with chondroitinase ABC and growth factors. Conclusions The synergistic effect of chondroitinase ABC and growth factors facilitates the anatomic integration of mRPCs transplanted into Rho−/− mice.
Perceptions of Rural School Staff Regarding Sexual Minority Students

Sexual minority students often do not feel safe in school, especially in rural communities, and changes are needed within school environments in order to provide a safe and effective learning environment for all students. Prior to implementing school change, an investigation into the perceptions of educators in public schools in three rural New York counties was conducted. Results indicated that respondents, especially teachers, viewed sexual minority students significantly less favorably than other minority groups. Additionally, the majority of educators reported hearing homophobic speech and indicated that supports for sexual minority students were unavailable. Despite the negative school climate, however, the majority of educators indicated that they felt comfortable interacting with sexual minority students and, even more positively, were willing to learn more about the issues and needs of these students.
Extending HL7 RIM Model to Capture Physical Activity Data

Experts recommend to include physical activity in everyone’s daily routine as it helps to curb various medical issues. They provide diverse healthcare services (e.g., interventions, exercise routine, personal trainer plan, therapy, etc.) to promote healthy living and to increase physical activity in one’s ever increasing hectic schedules. An individual generates a lot of data when he/she performs a physical activity. However, this data (exercises, training plans, etc.) and any other associated data (e.g., results, vitals, calories, weight, etc.) is not represented using commonly agreed standards. The lack of standards has given rise to two primary issues. First, interoperability issues don’t allow the physical activity data to be shared and integrated with heterogeneous healthcare systems. Second, various organizations and research programs still majorly rely on paper to record the data. This makes it highly impractical to develop any data-driven physical activity applications or evidence-based program. This article provides a detailed analysis of the problem and provides a potential solution in terms of extending HL7 RIM model using health and life sciences entities from Schema.org. Keywords-physical activity model; exercise model; HL7 RIM physical activity; HL7 exercise; EIM; FHIR; FHIR exercise
Quantitative Genome-Wide Genetic Interaction Screens Reveal Global Epistatic Relationships of Protein Complexes in Escherichia coli

Large-scale proteomic analyses in Escherichia coli have documented the composition and physical relationships of multiprotein complexes, but not their functional organization into biological pathways and processes. Conversely, genetic interaction (GI) screens can provide insights into the biological role(s) of individual gene and higher order associations. Combining the information from both approaches should elucidate how complexes and pathways intersect functionally at a systems level. However, such integrative analysis has been hindered due to the lack of relevant GI data. Here we present a systematic, unbiased, and quantitative synthetic genetic array screen in E. coli describing the genetic dependencies and functional cross-talk among over 600,000 digenic mutant combinations. Combining this epistasis information with putative functional modules derived from previous proteomic data and genomic context-based methods revealed unexpected associations, including new components required for the biogenesis of iron-sulphur and ribosome integrity, and the interplay between molecular chaperones and proteases. We find that functionally-linked genes co-conserved among γ-proteobacteria are far more likely to have correlated GI profiles than genes with divergent patterns of evolution. Overall, examining bacterial GIs in the context of protein complexes provides avenues for a deeper mechanistic understanding of core microbial systems.
Hyperedge Replacement and Nonprojective Dependency Structures

Synchronous Hyperedge Replacement Graph Grammars (SHRG) can be used to translate between strings and graphs. In this paper, we study the capacity of these grammars to create non-projective dependency graphs. As an example, we use languages that contain cross serial dependencies. Lexicalized hyperedge replacement grammars can derive string languages (as path graphs) that contain an arbitrary number of these dependencies so that their derivation trees reﬂect the correct dependency graphs. We ﬁnd that, in contrast, string-to-graph SHRG that derive dependency structures on the graph side are limited to derivations permitted by the string side. We show that, as a result, string-to-graph SHRG cannot capture languages with an unlimited degree of crossing dependencies. This observation has practical implications for the use of SHRG in semantic parsing.
When Do Children Begin to Read: An Exploration of Four Year Old Children's Letter and Word Reading Competencies.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR YEAR OLD CHILDREN'S knowledge of letters and printed words was studied to determine if preschool children begin reading, and if so, how. Two classrooms of children were observed for nine-months while they attended a universityoperated preschool. The children's parents filled out questionnaires in which they described (1) their child's interest in, and knowledge about, letters and words and (2) what role they played in helping their child learn to read. Several tests and tasks were devised to measure children's conceptual knowledge of letters, printed words and the kinds of strategies they used to learn, remember, and spell words. The results indicate when, under what circumstances, and how young children begin to read. The results suggest a natural hierarchy of knowledge development in learning to read words. With considerable parental help, children realize that letters are discriminable patterns, that letters provide clues for reading, and that sounds in words are determined by letters. These three developmental levels describe more efficient approaches to reading. Specifically, as the child becomes more attracted to letters and to figuring out what words say, he/ she uses better strategies for learning and remembering words. Thus, children who are guided by parents to attend to letters, signs, and labels and are given opportunities to read, spell, and print words, learn some of the essential rudiments of reading even before going to kindergarten.
The psychology of crowd behaviour in emergency evacuations: Results from two interview studies and implications for the Fire and Rescue Services

Existing psychological models of crowd behaviour were applied to examine emergency egress behaviour, and how this could facilitate the safe management of mass evacuations. Two interview-based studies of survivors experiences of different emergencies were conducted. It was found that far from mass panic occurring, being in an emergency can create a common identity amongst those affected. A consequence of this is that people are cooperative and altruistic towards others - even when amongst strangers, and/or in life-threatening situations. The analysis has direct implications for how the Fire and Rescue Services manage mass evacuations. In line with earlier critiques, the concept of mass panic is considered to be a myth unsupported by existing evidence. Crowds in emergencies can be trusted to behave in more social ways than previously expected by some involved in emergency planning.
Parenting processes related to sexual risk-taking behaviors of adolescent males and females.

In an attempt to extend the current body of relevant research the author examined which parenting behaviors are related to sexual risk taking among sexually active male and female adolescents. Parenting behaviors considered were communication about sexual issues support and psychological and behavioral controls. The extent of sexual risk taking was assessed through the use of a composite measure of the number of sex partners the consistency of contraceptive use and the effectiveness of contraceptive method used. The sample of 350 mainly White 9th-12th-grade students was drawn from a population of 2257 junior and high school students surveyed as part of a larger study conducted in 2 counties in a northern midwestern state of the US. All of the sampled teens reported having had sexual intercourse at least once with 56% having had sexual relations with only 1 person and 7% having had 5 or more sex partners. 56% reported always using contraception 12% reported occasional contraceptive use and 23% reported never or rarely using contraception. Parental communication about sexual matters and parental support were not directly associated with sexual risk taking but an interaction effect between parental support and communication was observed for sexually active males. However the significant effect of that interaction was due to the large proportion of high-risk sexually active males who discussed sexual issues with a parent they viewed as unsupportive. For females parental psychological control increased the odds that a sexually active daughter would take more sexual risks. Parental monitoring significantly decreased the odds that sexually active male and female adolescents would be high-risk takers.
Mouse histocompatibility‐related genes are not conserved in other mammals.

In addition to the genes for classical H‐2 antigens, the H‐2 complex of the mouse contains numerous homologous genes belonging to several distinct families. It is not known whether they have any functions. To address this question, I have investigated whether these genes are separately conserved in evolution. Subcloned 5′ gene segments, encoding the variable domains, were used as hybridisation probes on genomic DNA blots of various mammals. Only the largest gene family, which includes the classical H‐2/HLA genes, is detectable in humans and other mammals. The other gene families, including Qa‐2 and T1a, are not conserved even in rodents. Most or all of their coding sequences are therefore redundant.
OSU‐03012 and Viagra Treatment Inhibits the Activity of Multiple Chaperone Proteins and Disrupts the Blood–Brain Barrier: Implications for Anti‐Cancer Therapies

We examined the interaction between OSU‐03012 (also called AR‐12) with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors to determine the role of the chaperone glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78)/BiP/HSPA5 in the cellular response. Sildenafil (Viagra) interacted in a greater than additive fashion with OSU‐03012 to kill stem‐like GBM cells. Treatment of cells with OSU‐03012/sildenafil: abolished the expression of multiple oncogenic growth factor receptors and plasma membrane drug efflux pumps and caused a rapid degradation of GRP78 and other HSP70 and HSP90 family chaperone proteins. Decreased expression of plasma membrane receptors and drug efflux pumps was dependent upon enhanced PERK‐eIF2α‐ATF4‐CHOP signaling and was blocked by GRP78 over‐expression. In vivo OSU‐03012/sildenafil was more efficacious than treatment with celecoxib and sildenafil at killing tumor cells without damaging normal tissues and in parallel reduced expression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in the normal brain. The combination of OSU‐03012/sildenafil synergized with low concentrations of sorafenib to kill tumor cells, and with lapatinib to kill ERBB1 over‐expressing tumor cells. In multiplex assays on plasma and human tumor tissue from an OSU‐03012/sildenafil treated mouse, we noted a profound reduction in uPA signaling and identified FGF and JAK1/2 as response biomarkers for potentially suppressing the killing response. Inhibition of FGFR signaling and to a lesser extent JAK1/2 signaling profoundly enhanced OSU‐03012/sildenafil lethality. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1982–1998, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
56-Level programmable voltage detector in steps of 50mV for battery management

A programmable voltage detector (PVD) for the battery management is developed for the first time. In battery management applications, PVD's with fine voltage resolution (<±1% of battery voltage) are required to precisely control the charging and discharging of the battery and to provide a universal voltage detector. The proposed fine voltage-step subtraction (FVS) method in PVD enables the wide detection voltage (Vdetect) range from 1.88 V to 4.67 V, fine Vdetect resolution of 50mV, and the 56-level linear programmability. Compared with previous publications, the 50-mV resolution is the smallest and the 56-level programmability is the largest. The programmability of Vdetect enables a Vdetect hopping capability achieving time-varying Vdetect to reduce the number of voltage detectors in the battery management system. PVD fabricated in 5V, 250-nm CMOS process shows the measured power consumption of 13nW at 3.5V and the temperature coefficient of 0.17mV/°C in −20°C to 80°C.
[Correlation of Skp2 and P27kip1 protein expression and clinicopathological features of prostate cancer].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The F-box protein Skp2 is required for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of the cyclin-depended kinase inhibitor p27(kip1). Overexpression of Skp2 has been reported in many cancers, including breast carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, and prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of Skp2 and p27(kip1) expression with the clinicopathological features of prostatic carcinoma, and the correlation between expression of Skp2 and p27(kip1) in prostate cancer. METHODS Skp2 and p27(kip1) protein expression were evaluated in the tissues of 41 human prostatic carcinomas as well as 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using immunohistochemistry (EnVision method). RESULTS The Skp2 labeling frequency in prostatic carcinoma (8.52%+/-2.40%) was significantly higher than that in BPH (0.21%+/-0.15%)(P< 0.001). The Skp2 protein expression in prostatic carcinoma was positively correlated with preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level (r=0.360,P=0.021), extraprostatic extension (r=0.570,P< 0.001), tumor stage (r=0.531, P< 0.001), and histological grade (r=0.514,P=0.001). The p27(kip1) labeling frequency in prostatic carcinoma(70.71%+/-4.25%) was significantly lower than that in BPH (97.21%+/-2.10%) (P< 0.001). The p27(kip1) protein expression in prostatic carcinoma was inversely correlated with preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level (r=-0.399,P=0.010), extraprostatic extension (r=-0.329, P=0.036), tumor stage (r=-0.453,P=0.003), and histological grade (r=-0.290,P=0.046). Skp2 expression was inversely correlated with p27(kip1) in prostate cancer (rho=-0.572,P< 0.001). CONCLUSION Expression of Skp2 protein may lead to decrease p27(kip1) level in human prostatic carcinoma, indicating its involvement in the development of human prostatic carcinoma. It may provide new targets for the therapy of prostate cancer.
Avalanche-Induced Current Enhancement in Semiconducting Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

In this study, semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes under high electric field stress (~10 V/μm) are found to display a remarkable current increase due to avalanche generation of free electrons and holes. Unlike in other materials, the avalanche process in such 1D quantum wires involves access to the third subband and is insensitive to temperature, but strongly dependent on diameter ~exp(-1/d ). Comparison with a theoretical model yields a novel approach to obtain the inelastic optical phonon emission length, λOP,ems ≈ 15d nm. The combined results underscore the importance of multiband transport in 1D molecular wires. Finally, based upon the results, carbon nanotubes are shown to be good candidates in avalanche-driven devices with highly nonlinear characteristics.