Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE Effectiveness of an 18F-FDG-PET based strategy to optimize the diagnostic trajectory of suspected recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy: The RELAPS multicenter randomized trial

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efﬁcacy of 18 F-FDG-PET as ﬁrst-line diagnostic inves- tigation, prior to performing a direct laryngoscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia, in patients suspected of recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. Patients and methods: 150 patients suspected of recurrent T2–4 laryngeal carcinoma at least two months after prior (chemo)radiotherapy with curative intent for resectable disease were randomized to direct laryngoscopy (CWU: conventional workup strategy) or to 18 F-FDG-PET only followed by direct laryngoscopy if PET was assessed ‘positive’ or ‘equivocal’ (PWU: PET based workup strategy), to compare the effectiveness of these strategies. Primary endpoint was the number of indications for direct laryngoscopies classiﬁed as unnecessary based on absence of recurrence, both on direct laryngoscopy and on six month follow up. Safety endpoints comprised resectability of recurrent lesions and completeness of surgical margins following salvage laryngectomy. Results: Intention-to-treat analyses were performed on all randomized patients (CWU: n = 74, PWU: n = 76). Tumor recurrence was similar in both groups: 45 patients (30%; 21 CWU, 24 PWU) within six months. In 53 patients in the CWU arm (72%, 95% CI: 60–81) unnecessary direct laryngoscopies were performed compared to 22 in the PWU arm (29%, 95% CI: 19–40) ( p < 0 (cid:1) 0001). The percentage of salvage laryngectomies (resectability) and positive surgical margins were similar between CWU and PWU (81%, 63% respectively, p = 0 (cid:1) 17, and 29%, 7%, respectively, p = 0.20). The prevalence of the combination of local unresectability and positive margins is in the CWU group 24% and in the PWU group 8%. No difference ( p = 0.32) in disease speciﬁc survival between both groups was found. Conclusion: In patients with suspected laryngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy, PET as the ﬁrst diagnostic procedure can reduce the need for direct laryngoscopy by more than 50% without jeopardizing quality of treatment.
Using character varieties: Presentations, invariants, divisibility and determinants

If G is a finitely generated group, then the set of all characters from G into a linear algebraic group is a useful (but not complete) invariant of G . In this thesis, we present some new methods for computing with the variety of SL2C -characters of a finitely presented group. We review the theory of Fricke characters, and introduce a notion of presentation simplicity which uses these results. With this definition, we give a set of GAP routines which facilitate the simplification of group presentations. We provide an explicit canonical basis for an invariant ring associated with a symmetrically presented group's character variety. Then, turning to the divisibility properties of trace polynomials, we examine a sequence of polynomials rn(a) governing the weak divisibility of a family of shifted linear recurrence sequences. We prove a discriminant/determinant identity about certain factors of rn( a) in an intriguing manner. Finally, we indicate how ordinary generating functions may be used to discover linear factors of sequences of discriminants. Other novelties include an unusual binomial identity, which we use to prove a well-known formula for traces; the use of a generating function to find the inverse of a map xn &smid;→ fn(x); and a brief exploration of the relationship between finding the determinants of a parametrized family of matrices and the Smith Normal Forms of the sequence.
Experimental investigation of photonic mixer device and development of TOF 3D ranging Ssystems based on PMD technology

The 3D-ranging systems based on time-of-flight (TOF) principle are nowadays intensively investigated. As the key component of a 3D non-scanning TOF ranging system, the novel P hotonic M ixer D evice (PMD) realized based on the standard CMOS technology, has won intensive, widespread interest from various sides since its appearance in 1997. The unique and astonishing features of PMD, and its easy integration into a sensing array and the flexible arrangement make the realization of extremely fast, flexible, robust and low cost smart 3D solid-state ranging cameras possible. In this thesis, the experimental investigation of the PMD device was carried out, which offers an experimental basis for the further optimization in the PMD chip design. Based on the actually fabricated single PMD chips, the first generation of smart 3D PMD ranging cameras was developed. Because of the its outstanding electro-optical mixing features, the PMD ranging system overcomes the typical drawbacks in the conventional TOF-measurement techniques and considerably simplifies the system design without loss of the measurement accuracy. With the continuous development of the modern semiconductor technology and further improvement of PMD performance, the PMD will find more and more applications in different areas of the industry in the future.
Approximately optimal selection of regularization parameters in cross-validation for regularized classifiers

Careful tuning of a regularization parameter is indispensable in many practical machine learning tasks because it has a significant impact on generalization performances. However, most practitioners still rely on heuristic grid search, which is more of an art than a science because the final result depends on manually specified candidate grid points. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can find an ε-approximate regularization parameter which has a theoretical approximation guarantee in the sense that the cross-validation (CV) error for the regularization parameter is at most greater by ε ∈ [0, 1] than the smallest possible CV error. Our algorithm is built on novel technique for computing validation error lower bound that is represented as a function of the regularization parameter. We demonstrate through numerical experiments that theoretically guaranteed choice of regularization parameter in the above sense is possible with reasonable computational costs.
Group Meetings and Boosters to Sustain Early Impacts on Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Kenya

IZA DP No. 16392 AUGUST 2023 Group Meetings and Boosters to Sustain Early Impacts on Child Development: Experimental Evidence from Kenya* We present results two years after the end of a group-based parenting intervention tested in a cluster randomized control trial in rural Kenya. The original program consisted of 16 fortnightly village-based sessions over 8 months and had large positive impacts on children’s cognition and parenting behaviors immediately after its end. Over the next two years, a random half of intervention villages received a light-touch “booster” intervention to offer continued yet less intensive program support. With and without the booster extension, early program impacts were sustained two years later, albeit smaller in magnitude. Boosters had a small positive added value on parenting behaviors and children’s socioemotional development, despite the interruption of COVID-19 to their delivery. Sustained impacts on children’s development were strongly mediated by improvements in parenting behaviors, disadvantaged families accrued the largest benefits, and two years later our program remains one of the most cost-effective and potentially scalable programs globally to date. These results point to encouraging paths forward for maximizing the reach and longer-term effectiveness of early childhood development programs to improve child development in low-resource remote settings. JEL Classification: H43, I10, I20, I38, O15
A Unified Analysis of Random Fourier Features

Random Fourier features is a widely used, simple, and effective technique for scaling up kernel methods. The existing theoretical analysis of the approach, however, remains focused on specific learning tasks and typically gives pessimistic bounds which are at odds with the empirical results. We tackle these problems and provide the first unified risk analysis of learning with random Fourier features using the squared error and Lipschitz continuous loss functions. In our bounds, the trade-off between the computational cost and the expected risk convergence rate is problem specific and expressed in terms of the regularization parameter and the \emph{number of effective degrees of freedom}. We study both the standard random Fourier features method for which we improve the existing bounds on the number of features required to guarantee the corresponding minimax risk convergence rate of kernel ridge regression, as well as a data-dependent modification which samples features proportional to \emph{ridge leverage scores} and further reduces the required number of features. As ridge leverage scores are expensive to compute, we devise a simple approximation scheme which provably reduces the computational cost without loss of statistical efficiency.
On the parameter dependence of the whistler anisotropy instability

The evolution of the whistler anisotropy instability relevant to whistler‐mode chorus waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere is studied using kinetic simulations and is compared with satellite observations. The electron distribution is constrained by the whistler anisotropy instability to a marginal stability state and presents an upper bound of electron anisotropy, which agrees with satellite observations. The electron beta β∥e separates whistler waves into two groups: (i) quasi‐parallel whistler waves for β∥e≳0.02 and (ii) oblique whistler waves close to the resonance cone for β∥e≲0.02 . Landau damping is important in the saturation and relaxation stage of the oblique whistler wave growth. The saturated magnetic field energy of whistler waves roughly scales with the electron beta β∥e2 , shown in both simulations and satellite observations. These results suggest the critical role of electron beta β∥e in determining the whistler wave properties in the inner magnetosphere.
Object detection in images with a structural descriptor based on graphs

We discuss the development of a structural descriptor for object detection in images. The descriptor is based on a graph, whose vertices are the centers of mass of segment features. The embedding of the graph in a vector space is implemented using a Young-Householder decomposition and based on differential geometry. Compound curves are used to describe the relationship between the points. The image graph is described by a matrix of curvature parameters. The distance matrix for the graphs of the candidate object and the reference object is calculated using the Hausdorff metric. A multidimensional scaling method is used to represent the results. Images of test objects and images of human faces are used to study the developed approach. A comparison of the developed descriptor with the Viola-Jones method is performed when detecting a human head in the image. The advantage of the developed approach is the image rotational invariance in the plane while searching for objects. The descriptor can detect objects rotated in space by angles of up to 50 degrees. Using the mass centers of segments of features as the graph vertices makes the approach more robust to changes in image acquisition angles in comparison with the approach that uses image features as the graph vertices.
Weakly supervised causal representation learning: Supplementary material

In the following we provide additional results and details that did not fit into our main paper. In Appendix A we provide precise definitions and a complete proof of our identifiability theorem. We then discuss the assumptions underlying this result and their generalization in Appendix B. Appendix C covers implicit latent causal models (ILCMs) and their training, while Appendix D provides details for our experiments. In Appendix E we describe explicit latent causal models (ELCMs) and our experiments with them. Finally, in Appendix F we discuss the potential societal impact of our work.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SCHIFF BASES AND THIAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR MICROBIAL EVALUATION.

Savan V. Patel 1 , Rahul B. Tailor 2 , Sejal M. Patel 2 , K. C. Patel 2 and K. D. Prajapati 1 . 1. V. S. Patel College of Arts and Science Bilimora. 2. Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University Surat, Gujarat, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
VR and AR environments for virtual cockpit enhancements

The recent evolution of cockpit design has moved from the established glass cockpits into new directions. Among them is the virtual enhancement of cockpits by augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) displays. Well known in aviation are helmet mounted see-through displays, but opaque VR displays are of increasing interest also. This technology enables the pilot to use virtual instrumentation as an add-on to the real cockpit. Even a totally virtualized instrumentation is possible. Furthermore, VR technology allows the fast prototyping and pilot training in cockpit environments that are still in development before even a single real instrument is built. We show how commercial off-the-shelf VR hardware can be used to build a prototyping environment. We demonstrate advantages and challenges when using software engines usually built for the games industry. We describe our own integration concept, which re-uses as much of our own software as possible and allows integration with minimal parallel development.
Relative predictability of failure event occurrences and its opacity-based test algorithm

ABSTRACT In this paper, the problem of relative predictability of failure event occurrences is investigated. The notion of relative predictability is proposed for logical automata and the concept of predictable rate is introduced to characterise the predictability property of a discrete-event system, which takes values in the interval [0, 1]. Intuitively, a discrete-event system being relatively predictable means that there exist some failure events which can be predicted from the observations of the system. The relationship between relative predictability and predictability introduced by Sahika Genc et al. analysed and the analysis shows that relative predictability is weaker than predictability for discrete-event systems. Furthermore, a necessary and sufficient condition for relative predictability is presented. In particular, an opacity-based algorithm is developed to test the relative predictability, which is polynomial in the number of states of the system. Also, some examples are provided to illustrate the presented results.
SERIES COMPETITION AND INNOVATION : AN INVERTED U RELATIONSHIP

This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation. A growth model is developed in which competition may increase the incremental profit from innovating; on the other hand, competition may also reduce innovation incentives for laggards. There are four key predictions. First, the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation is an inverted U-shape. Second, the equilibrium degree of technological ‘neck-andneckness’ among firms should decrease with PMC. Third, the higher the average degree of ‘neckand-neckness’ in an industry, the steeper the inverted-U relationship. Fourth, firms may innovate more if subject to higher debt-pressure, especially at lower levels of PMC. We confront these predictions with data on UK firms’ patenting activity at the US patenting office. They are found to accord well with observed behavior. Philippe Aghion Peter Howitt Department of Economics Department of Economics Harvard University Brown University, Box B Littauer Center 309 Providence, RI 02912 Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER and NBER peter_howitt@brown.edu p_aghion@harvard.edu Nicholas Bloom and Rachel Griffith Richard Blundell Institute for Fiscal Studies University College London nbloom@ifs.org. uk r.blundell@ucl.ac. uk rgriffith@ifs.org. uk
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Direct detection of methylation in genomic DNA

The identification of methylated sites on bacterial genomic DNA would be a useful tool to study the major roles of DNA methylation in prokaryotes: distinction of self and nonself DNA, direction of post-replicative mismatch repair, control of DNA replication and cell cycle, and regulation of gene expression. Three types of methylated nucleobases are known: N -methyladenine, 5-methylcytosine and N -methylcytosine. The aim of this study was to develop a method to detect all three types of DNA methylation in complete genomic DNA. It was previously shown that N -methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine in plasmid and viral DNA can be detected by intersequence trace comparison of methylated and unmethylated DNA. We extended this method to include N -methylcytosine detection in both in vitro and in vivo methylated DNA. Furthermore, application of intersequence trace comparison was extended to bacterial genomic DNA. Finally, we present evidence that intrasequence comparison suffices to detect methylated sites in genomic DNA. In conclusion, we present a method to detect all three natural types of DNA methylation in bacterial genomic DNA. This provides the possibility to define the complete methylome of any prokaryote.
Measurement of hard double-parton interactions in W(-> lv) plus 2-jet events at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector - eScholarship

Measurement of hard double-parton interactions in W(→ ν) + 2-jet events at s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector The ATLAS Collaboration New Journal of Physics 15 (2013) 033038 (39pp) Received 29 January 2013 Published 25 March 2013 Online at http://www.njp. org/ doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/3/033038 E-mail: atlas.publications@cern.ch The production of W bosons in association √ with two jets in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 7 TeV has been analysed for the presence of double-parton interactions using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb −1 , collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The fraction of events arising from double-parton (D) interactions, f DP , has been measured through the p T balance between the (D) two jets and amounts to f DP = 0.08 ± 0.01 (stat.) ± 0.02 (sys.) for jets with transverse momentum p T > 20 GeV and rapidity |y| < 2.8. This corresponds to a measurement of the effective area parameter for hard double-parton interactions of σ eff = 15 ± 3 (stat.) +5 −3 (sys.) mb. Abstract. New Journal of Physics 15 (2013) 033038 © CERN 2013 for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration, published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence by IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation and DOI.
Extraction of depth information for 3D imaging using pixel aperture technique

A 3dimensional (3D) imaging is an important area which can be applied to face detection, gesture recognition, and 3D reconstruction. In this paper, extraction of depth information for 3D imaging using pixel aperture technique is presented. An active pixel sensor (APS) with in-pixel aperture has been developed for this purpose. In the conventional camera systems using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, an aperture is located behind the camera lens. However, in our proposed camera system, the aperture implemented by metal layer of CMOS process is located on the White (W) pixel which means a pixel without any color filter on top of the pixel. 4 types of pixels including Red (R), Green (G), Blue (B), and White (W) pixels were used for pixel aperture technique. The RGB pixels produce a defocused image with blur, while W pixels produce a focused image. The focused image is used as a reference image to extract the depth information for 3D imaging. This image can be compared with the defocused image from RGB pixels. Therefore, depth information can be extracted by comparing defocused image with focused image using the depth from defocus (DFD) method. Size of the pixel for 4-tr APS is 2.8 μm × 2.8 μm and the pixel structure was designed and simulated based on 0.11 μm CMOS image sensor (CIS) process. Optical performances of the pixel aperture technique were evaluated using optical simulation with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and electrical performances were evaluated using TCAD.
Formulaicity as a determinant of processing efficiency: investigating clause ordering in complex sentences

Prior research has identified a large number of processing-related factors that affect language users’ choices between two (or more) competing linguistic variants. However, one factor that up until now has not been taken into account is the reliance on formulaic language. This is surprising given a growing body of evidence demonstrating that recurrent multiword units – formulaic sequences and low-scope constructional patterns – play a key role in language learning and processing. Building on insights from research on formulaic language and usage-based constructionist models of language, we take a first step towards determining whether and to what extent formulaicity affects choices language users make in encoding the preverbal message. Focusing on clause ordering in English complex sentences with adverbial clauses (ACs), we investigate whether the choice between a preposed and a postposed AC is affected by the degree of formulaicity of the clause, as measured by (1) the amount of formulaic sequences in the AC and (2) the degree of entrenchment of an AC when treated as a low-scope pattern. Based on a reanalysis of the data in Diessel (2008), we found that the likelihood of an AC being produced in the cognitively more demanding sentence-initial position increased with higher degrees of formulaicity for both measures investigated. We conclude that reliance on formulaic language can be conceived of as a ‘support strategy’ compensating for increased processing effort.
Vortex Structures in Ultra-Cold Atomic Gases

In this chapter a basic introduction to the theory of vortices in ultra-cold (superfluid) atomic gases is given. The main focus will be on bosonic atomic gases, since these contain the same basic physics, but with simpler formulas. Towards the end of the chapter, the difference between bosonic and fermionic atomic gases is discussed. This discussion will allow the reader to make the conceptual step from bosonic to fermionic gases, while pinpointing the main differences and difficulties when working with fermionic gases rather than bosonic gases. The goal of this chapter is to provide a good and general starting point for researchers, or other interested parties, who wish to start exploring the physics of ultra-cold gases.
ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

Correlations between first order echotextural characteristics and chemical composition of pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens receiving different dietary fat supplements DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0074 Bahareh Ahmadi, Mark Jamieson, Behnaz Ahmadi, Katarzyna Połtowicz, Joanna Nowak, Maciej Murawski, Martyna Małopolska, Tomasz Schwarz, Pawel M. Bartlewski Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Rędzina 1B, 31-274 Kraków, Poland Department of Pig Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 31-120 Kraków, Poland