Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of synthetic binding media in twentieth‐century paints

Abstract Numerous synthetic resins have been developed for use as binding media in twentieth‐century paint. These synthetic paints, including those intended for household or industrial markets as well as those designed specifically for artists’ use, have been widely used on works of art. However, most painting conservators are still relatively unfamiliar with the types of synthetic resin used. Although the subject is vast and complex, the binding media used in this field can be simplified into four principal classes: acrylic, alkyd, polyvinyl acetate and nitrocellulose. This paper outlines the nature, use and salient properties of these four classes and includes sections on their probable additives. Despite the difficulty in identifying additives, an awareness of which types are likely to be present will greatly assist the understanding of each binder's properties.
A Study on Photo-thermal Coupled Aging Kinetics of Bitumen

The effect of photo-thermal coupled aging on the viscosity of bitumen was investigated at three different temperatures and three different ultraviolet (UV) light intensities. The photo-thermal coupled aging kinetic model of bitumen was put forward based on the viscosity of bitumen under different photo-thermal coupled aging conditions. In order to evaluate the extent of aging in bitumen, kinetic parameters based on the aging kinetic model were calculated and compared. The results reveal that UV radiation and heat play a coupled role in accelerating the aging process of bitumen. Photo-thermal coupled aging has a greater influence on the aging rate of bitumen than single factor aging. A higher aging temperature and UV intensity have a more pronounced effect on the photo-thermal coupled aging, which leads to an obvious acceleration of the aging reaction rate.
The treatment of portal hypertension: A meta‐analytic review

Portal hypertension is a major complication of chronic liver disease. Its main clinical consequence, bleeding from ruptured esophagogastric varices, represents a dramatic medical emergency, with mortality rate ranging from 30% to 50%, and is one of the leading causes of death in patients with cirrhosis.
Opposing motor activities are required for the organization of the mammalian mitotic spindle pole

We use both in vitro and in vivo approaches to examine the roles of Eg5 (kinesin-related protein), cytoplasmic dynein, and dynactin in the organization of the microtubules and the localization of NuMA (Nu-clear protein that associates with the Mitotic Apparatus) at the polar ends of the mammalian mitotic spindle. Perturbation of the function of Eg5 through either immunodepletion from a cell free system for assembly of mitotic asters or antibody microinjection into cultured cells leads to organized astral microtubule arrays with expanded polar regions in which the minus ends of the microtubules emanate from a ring-like structure that contains NuMA. Conversely, perturbation of the function of cytoplasmic dynein or dynactin through either specific immunodepletition from the cell free system or expression of a dominant negative subunit of dynactin in cultured cells results in the complete lack of organization of microtubules and the failure to efficiently concentrate the NuMA protein despite its association with the microtubules. Simultaneous immunodepletion of these proteins from the cell free system for mitotic aster assembly indicates that the plus end- directed activity of Eg5 antagonizes the minus end-directed activity of cytoplasmic dynein and a minus end-directed activity associated with NuMA during the organization of the microtubules into a morphologic pole. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the unique organization of the minus ends of microtubules and the localization of NuMA at the polar ends of the mammalian mitotic spindle can be accomplished in a centrosome-independent manner by the opposing activities of plus end- and minus end-directed motors.
Large-Scale IP Traceback in High-Speed Internet: Practical Techniques and Information-Theoretic Foundation

Tracing attack packets to their sources, known as IP traceback, is an important step to counter distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel packet logging based (i.e., hash-based) traceback scheme that requires an order of magnitude smaller processing and storage cost than the hash-based scheme proposed by Snoeren , thereby being able to scalable to much higher link speed (e.g., OC-768). The baseline idea of our approach is to sample and log a small percentage (e.g., 3.3%) of packets. The challenge of this low sampling rate is that much more sophisticated techniques need to be used for traceback. Our solution is to construct the attack tree using the correlation between the attack packets sampled by neighboring routers. The scheme using naive independent random sampling does not perform well due to the low correlation between the packets sampled by neighboring routers. We invent a sampling scheme that improves this correlation and the overall efficiency significantly. Another major contribution of this work is that we introduce a novel information-theoretic framework for our traceback scheme to answer important questions on system parameter tuning and the fundamental tradeoff between the resource used for traceback and the traceback accuracy. Simulation results based on real-world network topologies (e.g., Skitter) match very well with results from the information-theoretic analysis. The simulation results also demonstrate that our traceback scheme can achieve high accuracy, and scale very well to a large number of attackers (e.g., 5000+).
Cascading model based back propagation neural network in enabling precise classification

Artificial Neural Network has been widely used in types of tasks which are related to classification, for example image annotation, pattern recognition, trend prediction and so on. There are a number of neural network algorithm theories based on various concepts, however, Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) has become the most famous one due to its remarkable function approximation ability. BPNN employs feed forward and back propagation to tune the parameters in neurons, and uses only feed forward to execute the classification. Based on gradient descent mechanism, BPNN can effectively find the mapping relationships between input and output. However, BPNN has met one critical issue. Due to large number of sum and sigmoid operations, BPNN has low efficiency in dealing with large number of instances. To speed up the processing, researchers employed data separation. However, simple data separation in training phase results in classification accuracy loss. Therefore, this paper presents a cascading model based BPNN (CBPNN) which aims at enhancing the classification accuracy of BPNN. The paper further employs multi-threading technique to speed up CBPNN. The experimental results indicate that CBPNN can improve the classification precision whilst maintains satisfied efficiency.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Neem-Based Pesticides

Abstract A tiered process was used to evaluate the risks of pure azadirachtin (AZA) and two neem-based insecticides (Neemix™ and Bioneem™) on six aquatic animals [crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus), grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), water fleas (Daphnia pulex), and mosquito larvae (Culex quinquefasciatus)] through short term acute toxicity tests. The risk was calculated using the level of concern endpoints (Q values) and relative hazard index (RHI) for acute and chronic exposure scenarios. The Q values of Neemix™, Bioneem™, and pure AZA derived from acute exposure tests indicated that D. pulex is the only sensitive species to the test pesticides. Furthermore, the RHI values of Neemix™ and Bioneem™ for D. pulex were above the critical limit of 10 indicating that these pesticides may pose a moderate hazard to this species and related crustaceans in acute exposure scenarios. The RHI values of the two pesticides and pure AZA were all below the critical limit of 10 for P. clarkii, P. setiferus, P. pugio, C. sapidus, and C. quinquefasciatus. The aquatic risk assessment process showed that the risk values of tested pesticides did not exceed the criteria, and therefore, no ecological hazard is likely to result from their use.
Auto Detection of Attacks on Network

The two knowledge-based approaches are not sufficient to tackle the anomaly detection problem, and that a holistic solution should also include knowledge-independent analysis techniques. There are some algorithms, and it becomes critical in the case of unsupervised detection, because there is no additional information to select the most relevant set some approaches can be easily extended to detect other types of attacks, considering different sets of traffic features. In fact, more features can be added to any standard list to improve detection and characterization results. The of Knowledge Independent Detection of Network Attack is simply to detect the attacks which are completely unknown to us. There is no previous knowledge about that data. There are some algorithms in existence which are used for network security but they are inefficient as they are knowledge based (Signature Based and Anomaly Based) whenever there is a vast amount of continuous incoming data then it is a big risk regarding the network attacks which are knowledge based. Our particular goal is to identify those attacks with the help of Robust Clustering Algorithm and make whole data secure. Keywords--Signature Based, Anomaly Based, Robust
Multichannel staggered SAR with reflector antennas: Discussion and proof of concept

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) spaceborne imaging with High Resolution Wide Swath (HRWS) capabilities has been the subject of increasing interest and active research, driven by applications posing requirements of high spatial resolution and short revisit times which cannot be directly fulfilled with conventional system architectures. In this context, the paper examines a combination of two promising HRWS techniques, namely staggered SAR - a pulse repetition interval variation allowing wide continuous swaths - and a multiple receiver architecture in azimuth - a proven alternative for fine azimuth resolution - with the objective of combining the strengths of both methods. The paper explains the novel multichannel staggered SAR architecture and provides a first proof of concept using data acquired with an experimental ground-based multichannel feed reflector antenna system.
Recruitment in Retractor Bulbi Muscle During Eyeblink Conditioning: EMG Analysis and Common-Drive Model

To analyze properly the role of the cerebellum in classical conditioning of the eyeblink and nictitating membrane (NM) response, the control of conditioned response dynamics must be better understood. Previous studies have suggested that the control signal is linearly related to the CR as a result of recruitment within the accessory abducens motoneuron pool, which acts to linearize retractor bulbi muscle and NM response mechanics. Here we investigate possible recruitment mechanisms. Data came from simultaneous recordings of NM position and multiunit electromyographic (EMG) activity from the retractor bulbi muscle of rabbits during eyeblink conditioning, in which tone and periocular shock act as conditional and unconditional stimuli, respectively. Action potentials (spikes) were extracted and classified by amplitude. Firing rates of spikes with different amplitudes were analyzed with respect to NM response temporal profiles and total EMG spike firing rate. Four main regularities were revealed and quantified: 1) spike amplitude increased with response amplitude; 2) smaller spikes always appeared before larger spikes; 3) subsequent firing rates covaried for spikes of different amplitude, with smaller spikes always firing at higher rates than larger ones; and 4) firing-rate profiles were approximately Gaussian for all amplitudes. These regularities suggest that recruitment does take place in the retractor bulbi muscle during conditioned NM responses and that all motoneurons receive the same command signal (common-drive hypothesis). To test this hypothesis, a model of the motoneuron pool was constructed in which motoneurons had a range of intrinsic thresholds distributed exponentially, with threshold linearly related to EMG spike amplitude. Each neuron received the same input signal as required by the common-drive assumption. This simple model reproduced the main features of the data, suggesting that conditioned NM responses are controlled by a common-drive mechanism that enables simple commands to determine response topography in a linear fashion.
Mountain hares, louping-ill, red grouse and harvesting: complex interactions but few data

M. K. LAURENSON*†, R. A. NORMAN‡, L. GILBERT§, H. W. REID¶ and P. J. HUDSON†§ * CTVM, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK; † The Game Conservancy Trust, Upland Research Group, Crubenmore Lodge, Newtonmore, PH20 1BE, UK; ‡ Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK; § Institute of Biology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; and ¶ Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
Feature Extraction for Pulse Waveform in Traditional Chinese Medicine by Hemodynamic Analysis

Pulse diagnosis is one of important diagnosis methods in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM). Feature extraction of TCM pulse has received more and more attention in recent years. While most of previous methods for feature extraction of TCM pulse have no specific correlation with the mechanism of TCM pulse, a hemodynamics method was used to calculate the pulse waveform velocity(PWV) and pulse reflection factor(R) , which reflected the principle of TCM pulse diagnosis. The results showed that the PWV and R are significantly different among four TCM pulses including normal pulse, slippery pulse, wiry pulse and wiry-slippery pulse. It is concluded that the PWV and R may be used as the features for the classification of TCM pulses. Keywords-Traditional Chinese Medicine; pulse diagnosis; feature extraction; hemodynamics; pulse waveform
Journal of Digital Information Management Querying Unstructured and Structured Peer-to-peer Networks: Models, Issues, Algorithms

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are defined as a collection of peers that expose client/server functionalities simultaneously. P2P systems, built on top of P2P networks, support information sharing primi-tives and lookup mechanisms of data objects located on peers. It has been demonstrated that the P2P paradigm is able to efficiently capture models and, above all, dynamics of modern applications, beyond limitations of conventional produce/consumer paradigms. Traditionally, P2P primitives and mechanisms have been implemented by means of keyword-based search and matching operations. Modern P2P systems require more complex query functionalities, beyond capabilities of DBMS-inspired models and algorithms. As a consequence , the issue of efficiently querying the underling P2P network is gaining momentum in the research community. Indeed, querying P2P networks, which can be in the unstructured and structure modes, plays a critical role in next-generation P2P systems, as its performance heavily affect the efficiency of the overall system. Starting from these considerations, in this paper we propose a survey on models, issues and algorithms for querying unstructured and structured P2P systems. We also put in evidence similarities and differences of state-of-the-art proposals appearing in literature , with critical discussion, and we provide a rigorous taxonomy of P2P query strategies. Finally, we complete our analytical contribution via highlighting future directions in this research field.
The U.S. Policy Agenda Legislation Corpus Volume 1 - a Language Resource from 1947 - 1998

We introduce the corpus of United States Congressional bills from 1947 to 1998 for use by language research communities. The U.S. Policy Agenda Legislation Corpus Volume 1 (USPALCV1) includes more than 375,000 legislative bills annotated with a hierarchical policy area category. The human annotations in USPALCV1 have been reliably applied over time to enable social science analysis of legislative trends. The corpus is a member of an emerging family of corpora that are annotated by policy area to enable comparative parallel trend recognition across countries and domains (legislation, political speeches, newswire articles, budgetary expenditures, web sites, etc.). This paper describes the origins of the corpus, its creation, ways to access it, design criteria, and an analysis with common supervised machine learning methods. The use of machine learning methods establishes a baseline proposed modeling for the topic classification of legal documents.
SCFAtPP2-B11 modulates ABA signaling by facilitating SnRK2.3 degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential part of the plant response to abiotic stressors such as drought. Upon the perception of ABA, pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory components of ABA receptor (RCAR) proteins interact with co-receptor protein phosphatase type 2Cs to permit activation Snf1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2) kinases, which switch on ABA signaling by phosphorylating various target proteins. Thus, SnRK2 kinases are central regulators of ABA signaling. However, the mechanisms that regulate SnRK2 degradation remain elusive. Here, we show that SnRK2.3 is degradated by 26S proteasome system and ABA promotes its degradation. We found that SnRK2.3 interacts with AtPP2-B11 directly. AtPP2-B11 is an F-box protein that is part of a SKP1/Cullin/F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that negatively regulates plant responses to ABA by specifically promoting the degradation of SnRK2.3. AtPP2-B11 was induced by ABA, and the knockdown of AtPP2-B11 expression markedly increased the ABA sensitivity of plants during seed germination and postgerminative development. Overexpression of AtPP2-B11 does not affect ABA sensitivity, but inhibits the ABA hypersensitive phenotypes of SnRK2.3 overexpression lines. These results reveal a novel mechanism through which AtPP2-B11 specifically degrades SnRK2.3 to attenuate ABA signaling and the abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis.
Maternal Cardiac Output and Fetal Doppler Predict Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Heart Disease

Background The mechanistic basis of the proposed relationship between maternal cardiac output and neonatal complications in pregnant women with heart disease has not been well elucidated. Methods and Results Pregnant women with cardiac disease and healthy pregnant women (controls) were prospectively followed with maternal echocardiography and obstetrical ultrasound scans at baseline, third trimester, and postpartum. Fetal/neonatal complications (death, small‐for‐gestational‐age or low birthweight, prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, or intraventricular hemorrhage) comprised the primary study outcome. One hundred and twenty‐seven women with cardiac disease and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. Neonatal events occurred in 28 pregnancies and were more frequent in the heart disease group as compared with controls (n=26/127 or 21% versus n=2/45 or 4%; P=0.01). Multiple complications in an infant were counted as a single outcome event. Neonatal complications in the heart disease group were small‐for‐gestational‐age/low birthweight (n=18), prematurity (n=14), and intraventricular hemorrhage/respiratory distress syndrome (n=5). Preexisting obstetric risk factors (P=0.003), maternal cardiac output decline from baseline to third trimester (P=0.017), and third trimester umbilical artery Doppler abnormalities (P<0.001) independently predicted neonatal complications and were incorporated into a novel risk index in which 0, 1, and >1 predictor corresponded to expected complication rates of 5%, 30%, and 76%, respectively. Conclusions Decline in maternal cardiac output during pregnancy and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flows independently predict neonatal complications. These findings will enhance the identification of higher risk pregnancies that would benefit from close antenatal surveillance.
A Rare t(9;22;16)(q34;q11;q24) Translocation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia for Which Imatinib Mesylate Was Effective: A Case Report

The t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation is found in about 90% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. About 5–10% of CML patients have complex variant translocations involving a third chromosome in addition to chromosomes 9 and 22. Herein, we describe a CML-chronic phase male with a complex translocation involving chromosome 16, t(9;22;16)(q34;q11;q24). First, he was treated with interferon-alpha and intermittent hydroxyurea, but only a partial cytogenetic response was attained. Subsequently, the patient was treated with imatinib mesylate because of an additional chromosome abnormality, trisomy 8. A major molecular response was obtained after one year's imatinib therapy, and the follow-up chromosomal analysis performed 4 years and 3 months after the initiation of imatinib therapy displayed a normal karyotype of 46,XY.
[Synchronous neoplastic lesions in colorectal cancer. An analysis of possible risk factors favouring presentation].

AIM few data have been published regarding the causes of synchronous lesions in patients with colorectal cancer. The aim of our study was to identify potential factors that might be implicated in the development of multicentric lesions, since this knowledge could be useful for tailored follow-up once initial synchronous lesions have been removed. METHODS we retrospectively reviewed 382 colorectal cancer cases diagnosed by total colonoscopy and histological study of surgical specimens. We divided our population into 2 groups, based on whether they had synchronous lesions or otherwise. Several data related to personal and family history, habits, symptoms, and tumor characteristics were assessed. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS 208 (54.5%) patients had synchronous adenomas and 28 (7.3%) had synchronous cancer. A multivariate analysis showed that the following parameters were consistently related to the presence of multicentric lesions--male gender: OR = 1.97; CI = 1.13-3.45; p = 0.017; age = 59 years: OR = 2.57; CI = 1.54-4.29; p < 0.001; personal history of colonic adenomas: OR = 3.04; CI = 1.04-8.85; p = 0.042; and obstructive tumors: OR = 0.48; CI = 0.27-0.85; p = 0.012. CONCLUSION our results show that several parameters that are easy to measure could be considered risk factors for the development of multicentric lesions. These factors need to be confirmed with follow-up studies analyzing their role in patients with and without metachronic lesions once all synchronous lesions have been removed.