Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using function fitting method to achieve non-linear calibration of thermocouple gauge

This paper introduces a method of using high-order function fitting directly to deal with the thermocouple gauge sensor nonlinear.The gotten function is directly written into thermocouple vacuum gauge SCM,which is used to deal with sample data of thermocouple gauge.Experimental results show that the stability,accuracy and speed of this method are good,and the method is feasible.
Assessing local influence for elliptical linear models under equality constraints

ABSTRACT In this article, we study the local influence for the elliptical linear regression model under equality constraints. We first obtain the parameter estimators of this model using the penalized log-likelihood function and iterative techniques. Then we obtain the diagnostics under the perturbations of constant variance, responses, and explanatory variables in the spirit of Cook (1986). Finally, a numerical example on the data set of the salinity of water is given to illustrate the theoretical results.
A note on two problems in connexion with graphs

We consider n points (nodes), some or all pairs of which are connected by a branch; the length of each branch is given. We restrict ourselves to the case where at least one path exists between any two nodes. We now consider two problems. Problem 1. Constrnct the tree of minimum total length between the n nodes. (A tree is a graph with one and only one path between every two nodes.) In the course of the construction that we present here, the branches are subdivided into three sets: I. the branches definitely assignec~ to the tree under construction (they will form a subtree) ; II. the branches from which the next branch to be added to set I, will be selected ; III. the remaining branches (rejected or not yet considered). The nodes are subdivided into two sets: A. the nodes connected by the branches of set I, B. the remaining nodes (one and only one branch of set II will lead to each of these nodes), We start the construction by choosing an arbitrary node as the only member of set A, and by placing all branches that end in this node in set II. To start with, set I is empty. From then onwards we perform the following two steps repeatedly. Step 1. The shortest branch of set II is removed from this set and added to
Development of laser technology in Research Center of Laser Fusion

This paper reviews the progress in the construction of SG-Ⅲ laser facility, integrated Testbed and XG-Ⅲ laser facility and that in the upgrade of the prototype of SG-Ⅲ, and the development in assembling and installing technology, and the achievements in maintaining cleanliness project and metrology in Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics in China in 2012.
Regular variation of the tail of a subordinated probability distribution

Let F be a probability measure on the real line and G = Σ C(k)Fk ∗ the probability measure subordinate to F with subordinator C restricted to the nonnegative integers. Let V(x) vary regularly of order p for x→ ∞ and either (1) V(x) F[x, ∞)→ α ≧ 0 or (2) V(x) C[x, ∞)→ γ ≧ 0. If ρ > 1 and F(–∞, 0) = 0, necessary and sufficient in order that V(x) G[x, ∞)→b, is that both (1) and (2) hold for suitable α and γ. For 0 ≦ ρ ≦ 1 the conditions are of different type. For two-sided F a different situation arises and only sufficient conditions are found. An application to renewal moments of negative order is given.
Fully automated liver segmentation using Sobolev gradient‐based level set evolution

Quantitative analysis and precise measurements on the liver have vital importance for pre‐evaluation of surgical operations and require high accuracy in liver segmentation from all slices in a data set. However, automated liver segmentation from medical image data sets is more challenging than segmentation of any other organ due to various reasons such as vascular structures in the liver, high variability of liver shapes, similar intensity values, and unclear edges between liver and its adjacent organs. In this study, a variational level set‐based segmentation approach is proposed to be efficient in terms of processing time and accuracy. The efficiency of this method is achieved by (1) automated initialization of a large initial contour, (2) using an adaptive signed pressure force function, and also (3) evolution of the level set with Sobolev gradient. Experimental results show that the proposed fully automated segmentation technique avoids local minima and stops evolution of the active contour at desired liver boundaries with high speed and accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of Microalgae Growth Kinetics In Semi-Continuous Culture From Batch Culture Experiments

due to their extensive application potential in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. For microalgal production, the choice of the photobioreactor, the method of cultivation used, and the harvesting regime adopted (batch, semi-continuous or continuous cultures) are very important. In this work, we examined the growth rate and productivity of a small volume experimental culture in batch and semi-continuous mode. Several microalgae species have been investigated for their potential as value-added products, thus we have chosen two species: green microalga ( Nannochloropsis gaditana ) and a cyanobacterium ( Arthrospira platensis ). This study develops a simple model by which biomass values in semi-continuous operation can be predicted from kinetic growth parameters obtained from a shorter batch experiment. Based on results, biomass concentrations and volumetric productivity in semi-continuous operation were successfully predicted.
Let Me Unwind That For You: Exceptions to Backward-Edge Protection

—Backward-edge control-ﬂow hijacking via stack buffer overﬂow is the holy grail of software exploitation. The ability to directly control critical stack data and the hijacked target makes this exploitation strategy particularly appealing for attackers. As a result, the community has deployed strong backward-edge protections such as shadow stacks or stack canaries, forcing attackers to resort to less ideal e.g., heap-based exploitation strategies. However, such mitigations commonly rely on one key assumption, namely an attacker relying on return address corruption to directly hijack control ﬂow upon function return. In this paper, we present exceptions to this assumption and show attacks based on backward-edge control-ﬂow hijacking without the direct hijacking are possible. Speciﬁcally, we demonstrate that stack corruption can cause exception handling to act as a confused deputy and mount backward-edge control-ﬂow hijacking attacks on the attacker’s behalf. This strategy provides overlooked opportunities to divert execution to attacker-controlled catch handlers (a paradigm we term Catch Handler Oriented Programming or CHOP) and craft powerful primitives such as arbitrary code execution or arbitrary memory writes. We ﬁnd CHOP-style attacks to work across multiple platforms (Linux, Windows, macOS, Android and iOS). To analyze the uncovered attack surface, we survey popular open-source packages and study the applicability of the proposed exploitation techniques. Our analysis shows that suitable exception handling targets are ubiquitous in C++ programs and exploitable exception handlers are common. We conclude by presenting three end-to-end exploits on real-world software and proposing changes to deployed mitigations to address CHOP.
A subinterval-based method for circuits with fractional order elements

The paper deals with the solution of problems that concern fractional time derivatives. Speciﬁcally the author’s interest lies in solving circuit problems with so called fractional capacitors and fractional inductors. A numerical method is proposed that involves polynomial interpolation and the division of the entire time interval (for which computations are performed) into subintervals. Analytical formulae are derived for the integro-diﬀerentiation according to the Caputo fractional derivative. The rules that concern the subinterval dynamics throughout the computation are also presented in the paper. For exemplary linear circuit problems (AC and transient) involving fractional order elements the solutions have been obtained. These solutions are compared with ones obtained by means of traditional methods.
Arabic Sign Language Recognition System: Using an Image-Based hand Gesture Detection Method to help Deaf and Dump Children to Engage in Education

: Hand gestures help individuals communicate in daily life. Sign languages, however, employ hand motions extensively. People with hearing impairments use sign language. Pattern recognition in computer vision may be used to interpret and translate Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) for deaf and dumb persons using image processing-based software systems. Arab hearing-impaired and deaf persons communicate with Arabic Sign Language Recognition (ArSLR). We propose an image-based ArSLR system employing gesture recognition to enable people with disabilities to engage with the outside world. This work proposes the design and development of an automated Arabic sign language-to-Arabic text translation system. This study extracts stem Arabic words and differentiates related terms. Hand motions capture alphabet letters in the proposed approach. Image isolation occurs after acquisition. Extraction, conclusion, and hand sign pattern characteristics comprise the third step. The fourth phase classifies hand gestures using a powerful classification algorithm. Finally, the sign language letter is interpreted and translated to the Arabic character.
n-INJECTIVE AND n-FLAT MODULES

Given modules M and P , we introduce in section 2 the concept of an (M, P)injective module. This concept contains many versions of injectivity known in the literature, such as principal injectivity, principal quasi-injectivity, and FPinjectivity. When M is a generator and P is a homomorphic image of M , we prove in Proposition 2.2 a generalization of [4, Proposition 4.1] that allows us to supply simpler proofs of previous results as well as proving new ones. As a case in point, we show that if A is a P-injective ring (see Nicholson and Youssif [21]) with Jacobson radical J , and for which A/ (J ) has acc on left annihilators, then J is nilpotent. The concept of (P, M)-projectivity, dual to (M, P)-injectivity, is introduced in section 3, and results dual to some of those found in [19] are proved. In sections 4 and 5 we study the notion of n-flat modules, first discussed by Anderson and Dobbs in 2 (see also Dobbs [11]), and relate this to the notion of n-injectivity defined in section 2, via the functor HomZ(–, Q/Z). Several characterizations of n-flat modules are given. These are used to give new characterizations of left Rickart rings. An example of Jøndrup (see [15]) establishes the existence of n-flat modules that are not (n + 1)-flat, for every pre-assigned positive integer n. We moreover present examples to point out that while all 1-flat modules are torsionfree, the converse need not be true. Let A be a ring, always with 1. We adopt the convention of writing the action of a module homomorphism opposite to the action of the ring on the module. Let
QUICforge: Client-side Request Forgery in QUIC

—The QUIC protocol is gaining more and more traction through its recent standardization and the rising interest by various big tech companies, developing new implementations. QUIC promises to make security and privacy a first-class citizen; yet, challenging these claims is of utmost importance. To this end, this paper provides an initial analysis of client-side request forgery attacks that directly emerge from the QUIC protocol design and not from common vulnerabilities. In particular, we investigate three request forgery attack modalities with respect to their capabilities to be used for protocol impersonation and traffic amplification. We analyze the controllable attack space of the respective protocol messages and demonstrate that one of the attack modalities can indeed be utilized to impersonate other UDP-based protocols, e.g., DNS requests. Furthermore, we identify traffic amplification vectors. Although the QUIC protocol specification states anti-amplification limits, our evaluation of 13 QUIC server implementations shows that in some cases these mitigations are missing or insufficiently implemented. Lastly, we propose mitigation approaches for protocol impersonation and discuss ambiguities in the specification.
Likelihood Based Estimation in the Logistic Model with Time Censored Data

Inference procedures based on the likelihood function are considered for the one logistic distribution with time censored data. The finite sample performances of the maximum likelihood estimator as well as the large sample likelihood inferential procedures based on the Wald, the Rao, and the likelihood ratio statistics are investigated. It is found that the obtained from the asymptotic normal distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator are found no accurate. It is found also that interval estimation based on the Wald and Rao statistics need much more sample size than interval estimation based on the likelihood ratio statistics to attain reasonable accuracy.
Comparing Sparse and Non-Sparse Multiple Kernel Learning

Contributions • Generalization of [1] to arbitrary convex loss functions and arbitrary norms. • Simple optimization procedure based on an analytical update of the kernel weights. • Toy experiment gives insight in the trade-off between sparsity and accuracy in sparse and non-sparse scenarios. • New large-scale runtime experiments show efficiency of inter-leaved optimization approaches.
Statin Utilization Among Individuals Infected With Hepatitis C Virus: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction and Objectives Statin use for primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) has historically been limited in patients with chronic liver disease due to concerns for increased adverse events with statin use in this population. We aimed to quantify the underutilization of statins among individuals with a history of HCV infection in a community health system to understand the clinical implications of statin underutilization in a diverse, generalizable population of patients infected with HCV. Materials and Methods We performed a single-center retrospective study of individuals with a history of HCV infection aged 40-75 years from 2019-2021. Statin eligibility was determined using the 2019 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines with the 2013 Pooled Cohort Equation used to determine atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Baseline characteristics and adverse events of statin and non-statin users were compared, and factors associated with statin use were determined using multivariable logistical regression. Results Based on 2019 ACC/AHA guidelines, 752/1,077 (69.8%) subjects had an indication for a statin, 280/752 (37.2%) of which were treated with a statin. Cirrhosis was independently associated with statin underutilization. Diabetes, anti-hypertensive use, and Black race were all independently associated with statin use in subjects with an indication for therapy. Statin use was not associated with adverse events. Conclusions Statins were underutilized and well tolerated in the cohort of individuals with a history of HCV infection. This high-risk population would benefit from increased CAD screening and utilization of statins for the primary prevention of CAD.
Analysis of 3 Level SVPWM based Open Loop and Closed Loop V/F Control of Induction Motor

This paper aims on space vector modulation (SVM) for controlling of induction motor. It is not easy to control an induction motor (IM) in light of its poor dynamic response in correlation to the DC motor. Space vector PWM (SVPWM) is widely used because of their better dc bus utilization and easier digital realization. It is achievable to control the electromagnetic torque and stator flux linkage using optimized selection of inverter switching vectors using VSI. In this paper V-F control used because of its simplicity and good response here simulation of open loop and closed loop control of induction motor using VF principle by space vector modulation is done using MATLAB/Simulink. Keywords— Three-level inverter; Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM); V-F control;
Measurements of Oxychlorine species on Mars

Abstract Mars landed and orbiter missions have instrumentation capable of detecting oxychlorine phases (e.g. perchlorate, chlorate) on the surface. Perchlorate (~0.6 wt%) was first detected by the Wet Chemistry Laboratory in the surface material at the Phoenix Mars Landing site. Subsequent analyses by the Thermal Evolved Gas Analyser aboard the same lander detected an oxygen release (~465°C) consistent with the thermal decomposition of perchlorate. Recent thermal analysis by the Mars Science Laboratory's Sample Analysis at Mars instrument has also indicated the presence of oxychlorine phases (up to 1.2 wt%) in Gale Crater materials. Despite being at detectable concentrations, the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X-ray diffractometer has not detected oxychlorine phases. This suggests that Gale Crater oxychlorine may exist as poorly crystalline phases or that perchlorate/chlorate mixtures exist, so that individual oxychlorine concentrations are below CheMin detection limits (~1 wt%). Although not initially designed to detect oxychlorine phases, reinterpretation of Viking Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer data also suggest that oxychlorine phases are present in the Viking surface materials. Remote near-infrared spectral analyses by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument indicate that at least some martian recurring slope lineae (RSL) have spectral signatures consistent with the presence of hydrated perchlorates or chlorates during the seasons when RSL are most extensive. Despite the thermal emission spectrometer, Thermal Emission Imaging System, Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité and CRISM detection of hundreds of anhydrous chloride (~10–25 vol%) deposits, expected associated oxychlorine phases (>5–10 vol%) have not been detected. Total Cl and oxychlorine data sets from the Phoenix Lander and the Mars Science Laboratory missions could be used to develop oxychlorine versus total Cl correlations, which may constrain oxychlorine concentrations at other locations on Mars by using total Cl determined by other missions (e.g. Viking, Pathfinder, MER and Odyssey). Development of microfluidic or ‘lab-on-a-chip’ instrumentation has the potential to be the next generation analytical capability used to identify and quantify individual oxychlorine species on future landed robotic missions to Mars.
Post-GDPR Threat Hunting on Android Phones: Dissecting OS-level Safeguards of User-unresettable Identifiers

—Ever since its genesis, Android has enabled apps to access data and services on mobile devices. This however involves a wide variety of user-unresettable identiﬁers (UUIs), e.g., the MAC address, which are associated with a device permanently. Given their privacy sensitivity, Android has tightened its UUI access policy since its version 10, in response to the increasingly strict privacy protection regulations around the world. Non- system apps are restricted from accessing them and are required to use user-resettable alternatives such as advertising IDs. In this work, we conduct a systematic study on the effective- ness of the UUI safeguards on Android phones including both Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) phones. To facilitate our large-scale study, we propose a set of analysis techniques that discover and assess UUI access channels. Our approach features a hybrid analysis that consists of static program analysis of Android Framework and forensic analysis of OS images to uncover access channels. These channels are then tested with differential analysis to identify weaknesses that open any attacking opportunity. We have conducted a vulnerability assessment on 13 popular phones of 9 major manufacturers, most of which are top-selling and installed with the recent Android versions. Our study reveals that UUI mis- handling pervasively exists, evidenced by 51 unique vulnerabilities found (8 listed by CVE). Our work unveils the status quo of the UUI protection in Android phones, complementing the existing studies that mainly focus on apps’
The Effect of Varying Degrees of Nonnormality in Structural Equation Modeling

This simulation study investigated the robustness of structural equation modeling to different degrees of nonnormality under 2 estimation methods, generalized least squares and maximum likelihood, and 4 sample sizes, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000. Each of the slight and severe nonnormality degrees was comprised of pure skewness, pure kurtosis, and both skewness and kurtosis. Bias and standard errors of parameter estimates were analyzed. In addition, an analysis of variance was conducted to investigate the effects of the 3 factors on several goodness-of-fit indexes. The study found that standard errors of parameter estimates were not significantly affected by estimation methods and nonnormality conditions. As expected, standard errors decreased at larger sample sizes. Parameter estimates were more sensitive to nonnormality than to sample size and estimation method. Chi-square was the least robust model fit index compared with Normed Fit Index, Nonnormed Fit Index, and Comparative Fit Index. Sample sizes of 100 or more are recommended for accurate parameter estimates.
Focusing on Pinocchio's Nose: A Gradients Scrutinizer to Thwart Split-Learning Hijacking Attacks Using Intrinsic Attributes

—Split learning is privacy-preserving distributed learning that has gained momentum recently. It also faces new security challenges. FSHA [37] is a serious threat to split learning. In FSHA, a malicious server hijacks training to trick clients to train the encoder of an autoencoder instead of a classification model. Intermediate results sent to the server by a client are actually latent codes of private training samples, which can be reconstructed with high fidelity from the received codes with the decoder of the autoencoder. SplitGuard [10] is the only existing effective defense against hijacking attacks. It is an active method that injects falsely labeled data to incur abnormal behaviors to detect hijacking attacks. Such injection also incurs an adverse impact on honest training of intended models. In this paper, we first show that SplitGuard is vulnerable to an adaptive hijacking attack named SplitSpy. SplitSpy exploits the same property that SplitGuard exploits to detect hijacking attacks. In SplitSpy, a malicious server maintains a shadow model that performs the intended task to detect falsely labeled data and evade SplitGuard. Our experimental evaluation indicates that SplitSpy can effectively evade SplitGuard. Then we propose a novel passive detection method, named Gradients Scrutinizer, which relies on intrinsic differences between gradients from an intended model and those from a malicious model: the expected similarity among gradients of same-label samples differs from the expected similarity among gradients of different-label samples for an intended model, while they are the same for a malicious model. This intrinsic distinguishability