Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interacting Cortical and Basal Ganglia Networks Underlying Finding and Tapping to the Musical Beat

Humans are able to find and tap to the beat of musical rhythms varying in complexity from children's songs to modern jazz. Musical beat has no one-to-one relationship with auditory features—it is an abstract perceptual representation that emerges from the interaction between sensory cues and higher-level cognitive organization. Previous investigations have examined the neural basis of beat processing but have not tested the core phenomenon of finding and tapping to the musical beat. To test this, we used fMRI and had musicians find and tap to the beat of rhythms that varied from metrically simple to metrically complex—thus from a strong to a weak beat. Unlike most previous studies, we measured beat tapping performance during scanning and controlled for possible effects of scanner noise on beat perception. Results showed that beat finding and tapping recruited largely overlapping brain regions, including the superior temporal gyrus (STG), premotor cortex, and ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC). Beat tapping activity in STG and VLPFC was correlated with both perception and performance, suggesting that they are important for retrieving, selecting, and maintaining the musical beat. In contrast BG activity was similar in all conditions and was not correlated with either perception or production, suggesting that it may be involved in detecting auditory temporal regularity or in associating auditory stimuli with a motor response. Importantly, functional connectivity analyses showed that these systems interact, indicating that more basic sensorimotor mechanisms instantiated in the BG work in tandem with higher-order cognitive mechanisms in PFC.
An Aspect-Oriented Approach to Model Requirements

The principles of crosscutting concern separation and composition have been used by the AspectOriented Development Community in order to solve the problems of tangling and scattering. In this work we present a proposal for integrating crosscutting concerns during the requirements engineering process. This approach uses goal models and the concepts defined in aspect-oriented languages to provide separation, composition and visualization of crosscutting concerns in order to facilitate their modeling and the traceability between them.
Multiple view geometry

There exist intricate geometric relations between multiple views of a 3D scene. These relations are related to the camera motion and calibration as well as to the scene structure. In this chapter we introduce these concepts and discuss how they can be applied to recover 3D models from images. In Section 3.2 a rather thorough description of projective geometry is given. Section 3.3 gives a short introduction to tensor calculus and Section 3.4 describes in detail the camera model used. In Section 3.5 a modern approach to multiple view geometry is presented and in Section 3.6 simple structure and motion algorithms are presented. In Section 3.7 more advanced algorithms are presented that are suited for automatic processing on real image data. Section 3.8 discusses the possibility of calibrating the camera from images. Section 3.9 describes how the depth can be computed for most image pixels and Section 3.10 presents how the results of the previous sections can be combined to yield 3D models, render novel views or combine real and virtual elements in video. 45
Octasection‐based refinement of finite element approximations of tetrahedral meshes that guarantees shape quality

Adaptive refinement of finite element approximations on tetrahedral meshes is generally considered to be a non‐trivial task. (We wish to stress that this paper deals with mesh refinement as opposed to remeshing.) The splitting of individual finite elements needs to be done with much care to prevent sig‐ nificant deterioration of the shape quality of the elements of the refined meshes. Considerable complexity thus results, which makes it difficult to design (and even more importantly, to later maintain) adaptive tetrahedra‐based simulation codes. An adaptive refinement methodology, dubbed CHARMS (conforming hierarchical adaptive refinement methods), had recently been proposed by Krysl, Grinspun, and Schröder. The methodology streamlines and simplifies mesh refinement, since conforming (compatible) meshes always result by construction. The present work capitalizes on these conceptual developments to build a mesh refinement technique for tetrahedra. Shape quality is guaranteed for an arbitrary number of refinement levels due to our use of element octasection based on the Kuhn triangulation of the cube. Algorithms and design issues related to the inclusion of the present technique in a CHARMS‐based object oriented software framework (http://hogwarts.ucsd.edu/∼pkrysl/CHARMS) are described. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MICROTUBULAR ORGANIZATION IN ELONGATING MYOGENIC CELLS

Microtubule organization has been studied in serially sectioned myogenic cells in the tail muscle regeneration blastema of Rana pipiens tadpoles. In mesenchymal cells and in some premyoblasts, microtubules radiate from centriolar satellites in a cell center, while in more mature myoblasts and myotubes the centrioles no longer appear to serve as organizing centers for microtubules. In all elongate, fusiform myogenic cells, the microtubules are predominately oriented in the longitudinal axis of the cell. Counts of microtubules in transverse sections spaced at regular intervals along the cells show that the absolute number of microtubules is greatest in the thickened midregions of the cells and decreases relatively smoothly toward the tapered ends of the cells. Close paraxial association of microtubules (within 40 nm surface-to-surface) occurs along the entire lengths of cells but appears with greatest frequency in their tapered ends. In two myoblasts, serial sections were used to trace all microtubules in 8-µm long segments of the cells located about midway between the nucleus and one end of the cell. Since tracings show that as many as 50% of the microtubules terminate within the 8-µm long segment, it seems unlikely that any microtubules extend the entire length of the cell. It is proposed that lateral interactions between paraxial microtubules stabilize the overall microtubular apparatus and contribute to maintenance of the bipolar form of the cells. A three-dimensional model of the complete microtubular array in one of the 8-µm long segments of a myoblast has been constructed. The model reveals that a few microtubules within the segment are bent into smooth curves and loops that could be generated by sliding interaction between paraxial microtubules.
La actuación de los órganos de control externo en la fiscalización de las universidades públicas

El proposito de este trabajo consiste en investigar, a partir de los informes de fiscalizacion sobre universidades, dos aspectos: 1) el tipo de informacion que los organos de control externo facilitan en los informes de fiscalizacion sobre universidades; y 2) el grado de homogeneidad de dichos informes. Ello permitira concluir si se cumplen las exigencias minimas reguladas por las normas de auditoria vigentes y si la informacion presentada en los informes de fiscalizacion es homogenea.
Time-of-Flight Signatures of Bosons in a Double Well

We present analytical and numerical treatments for evaluating the time-of-flight momentum distribution for the stationary states of a two-boson system trapped in a quartic double-well potential, paying particular attention to the Tonks and noninteracting regimes. We find that the time-of-flight distributions can serve as a valuable tool in profiling the states of this system, and provide the tof plots for low-energy excitations using a nonadaptive finite element method that is more efficient than traditional finite difference methods.
Automatic Deflection and Temperature Monitoring of a Balanced Cantilever Concrete Bridge

Keywords: essai in situ ; in situ test ; prestressed concrete ; road bridge ; temperature ; temperature ; serviceability ; deformation ; beton precontraint ; aptitude au service ; pont routier ; deformation Reference EPFL-CONF-111633 URL: http://is-beton.epfl. ch//Publications/199x/Burdet98.pdf Record created on 2007-09-12, modified on 2016-08-08
An Adaptive Multi Objective Selection Strategy for Active Learning

Classifying large datasets without any a-priori information poses a problem in numerous tasks. Especially in industrial environments, we often encounter diverse measurement devices and sensors that produce huge amounts of data, but we still rely on a human expert to help give the data a meaningful interpretation. As the amount of data that must be manually classified plays a critical role, we need to reduce the number of learning episodes involving human interactions as much as possible. In addition for real world applications it is fundamental to converge in a stable manner to a solution that is close to the optimal solution. We present a new self-controlled exploration/exploitation strategy to select data points to be labeled by a domain expert where the potential of each data point is computed based on a combination of its representativeness and the uncertainty of the classifier. A new Prototype Based Active Learning (PBAC) algorithm for classification is introduced. We compare the results to our previous approach and Active Learning with Support Vector Machines on several artificial and benchmark datasets. 1 Introduction In a previous article [3], we have introduced the problem of mining cell assay images. To study the effects of drug candidates or more generally to obtain observations about how a biological entity reacts when it is exposed to a chemical compound, an array of cells is screened with a camera. This process is called High-Content-Screening and allows to collect a large amount of experimental data. Especially the development of new screening devices-with specialized robots creating the cell assay and automatically taking measurements and pictures-makes it possible to obtain hundreds of thousands of cell images in only a few days. In this work, we focus on classifying this large unlabeled dataset with the help of a biological expert who is able to provide us with class labels for few, selected examples. In this work we extend earlier work [3] where we separately explore the data space by clustering and later adapt the learned policy with Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). This approach was motivated by the idea that the dataset needs to be explored first to generate a coarse model and then the model can be adapted to further fine-tune the classification accuracy. However, this classification scheme had to be initialized with a fixed number of clusters, which influenced how much focus was laid on the exploration part. Each cluster was then split up …
The Comparative Costs and Benefits of Programs to Reduce Crime : A Review of Research Findings with Implications for Washington State

This report describes the “bottom-line” economics of programs that try to reduce crime. For a wide range of approaches—from prevention programs designed for young children to correctional interventions for juvenile and adult offenders—we systematically analyze evaluations produced in North America over the last 25 years. We then independently determine whether program benefits, as measured by the value to taxpayers and crime victims from a program’s expected effect on crime, are likely to outweigh costs. This procedure allows direct “apples-to-apples” comparisons of the economics of different types of programs designed for widely varying age groups. Our overall conclusion is one of good news: In the last two decades, research on what works and what doesn’t has developed and, after considering the comparative economics of these options, this information can now be used to improve public resource allocation. These estimates can assist decision-makers in directing scarce public resources toward economically successful programs and away from unsuccessful programs, thereby producing net overall gains to taxpayers, even in the absence of new funding sources. This report provides a snapshot of the Institute’s cost-benefit findings as of May 2001. Steve Aos Polly Phipps Robert Barnoski Roxanne Lieb
Climate Risk Management: The Case of Forecasting Tropical Cyclones

Global warming has induced an increasing number of deadly tropical cyclones with a continuing trend. Developing high-functional climate risk management tools in forecasting, catastrophe modeling, pricing and hedging is thus crucial. By using transactional price changes of traded hurricane derivatives as the predictor in a doubly-binomial pricing framework, we develop a dynamic market-consensus hurricane forecasting model. Our model can forecast when and how a hurricane will make landfall, and how these forecasts will update themselves upon trading arrival.
Secure Anonymous Union Computation Among Malicious Partners

When applications require a union calculation of different distributed datasets, two requirements are often necessary to fulfil: anonymity and security. Anonymity means for scenarios with more than 2 participants that the owner of a certain data item cannot be identified. Security means that no participant can prevent that data items of other participants will be included in the union set. In this paper, we present a union protocol that guarantees both properties: anonymity and security even if participants act malicious, i.e. to modify messages or change the protocol. We prove the correctness of protocol and give experimental results that show the applicability of our protocol in a common environment
Andrew Carnegie, World Making and the Logic of Contemporary Entrepreneurial Philanthropy

This paper focuses on the relationship between the business and philanthropic endeavours of world-making entrepreneurs; asking why, how and to what ends these individuals seek to extend their reach in society beyond business. We present an original model of entrepreneurial philanthropy which demonstrates how investment in philanthropic projects can yield positive returns in cultural, social and symbolic capital, which in turn may lead to growth in economic capital. The interpretive power of the model is demonstrated through analysis of the career of Andrew Carnegie, whose story, far from reducing to one of earning a fortune then giving it away, is revealed as more complex and more unified. His philanthropy raised his stock within the field of power, extending his influence and helping convert surplus funds into social networks, high social standing and intellectual currency, enabling him to engage in world making on a grand scale.
Optimal spectrum hole selection & exploitation in cognitive radio networks

Future networks, especially in the framework of smart cities will be populated with various kinds of equipment accessing wireless communication channels. A much higher device variety will increase spectrum scarcity. Cognitive radio networks will be a key enabling technology in order to cope with the availability of the allocated radio spectrum bands. Cognitive Radio (CR) technology significantly utilizes current static spectrum bands assignment in an opportunistic manner. In this paper, we propose two spectrum opportunity (or spectrum hole) selection schemes; Minimum Collision Technique (MCT) and Maximum Residual Lifetime Technique (MRLT). The proposed techniques are evaluated by average channel utilization, average channel collision and successful secondary transmission bytes over licensed channels in a specific period of time (100s). The numerical results confirm that the MRLT scheme provides higher channel utilization and transmission bytes as well as decreases channel collision compared with the MCT scheme.
A Toolkit for Analyzing Client Access Patterns in the World-Wide Web

The explosive growth of the World-Wide Web increases demand for improved facilities for caching and replication. Better understanding of user access patterns is a prerequisite for improvement. Most wide-area information servers are instrumented to collect statistics about document retrieval. However, server-side tracing offers a limited picture of client access patterns and navigation strategies in the multiprotocol, multi-server Web. To characterize client patterns that involve several protocols and many servers, it is necessary to instrument clients as well as servers. This paper describes a toolkit for collecting and analyzing information from clients about wide-area access patterns in the Web. This research was funded by the Advanced Research Project Agency , under contract number F19628-93-C-1076. The views and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of ARPA, Transarc Corporation or Carnegie Mellon University .
The Survey of Alcohol Usage and Perceptions.

Social norming campaigns that work to show the disparity between students' perceptions of campus drinking and actual levels of drinking have proven to be successful in reducing alcohol use by college students. The premise of social norming is that human behavior is greatly influenced by perceptions of the population from which acceptance is desired. When the actual drinking levels of the campus population, which typically are rlower than perceived levels, are publicized, students tend to moderate their drinking to fit the actual, rather than the perceived characteristics of the student body. At the University of Mississippi, researchers have been developing a Survey of Alcohol Usage and Perceptions (SAUP) as a practical approach to gathering essential data for a social norming campaign. This paper describes items for the SAUP and provides suggestions for publicizing the measured data. The SAUP, which was deemed face valid by the university's task force on binge and abusive drinking, contains a brief introductory statement followed by 16 questions and 4 demographic items. (Contains 11 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ). The Survey of Alcohol Usage and Perceptions Michael K. Ponton and Jason S. Dean PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CETER (EIC) i lieThis document has been R reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. I Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.
Trusted Tiny Things. Making Devices in Smart Cities More Transparent

In this demo we present the Trusted Tiny Things system that can be used to interrogate Internet of Things (IoT) devices and present users with information about their characteristics and capabilities. The system consists of a mobile application used to retrieve information about IoT devices supported by RESTful web services. In order to infer IoT device capabilities our services perform reasoning over the provenance of devices characterised using a number of Semantic Web technologies. In this demo we illustrate the use of the system with two distinct IoT devices: an NFC tag used at bus stops to provide a means to access real-time bus timetables, and a black box device installed into vehicles by insurance companies to track driving behaviour.
Application of electronic nose technology in detection of combustible gas

Based on the study of the theory and constituent of the electronic nose systems, a set of combined gas sensor array, microcontroller and PC for detection of gas mixture is designed and constructed. Four kinds of gas (hydrogen, methane, acetylene, propane) are tested by the system. The feature parameters are picked up from each curve of the gas sensor's reaction. The experimental samples are analyzed by the method of PCA (principal component analysis) and BPNN (BP neural network). The result shows that the four kinds of gas could not be distinguished well by the method of PCA. While BPNN can solve the problem of sensor cross-sensitivity, and four kinds of gas can be identified qualitatively, the recognition probability of BPNN is more than 90%.
Efficient scheduling of behavior-processes on different time-scales

In behavior-oriented robotics, the control of a system is distributed over various processes or behaviors running in virtual parallel. However, the assignment of processing power to different processes is a non-trivial task. Existing approaches to this problem, like rate-monotonic scheduling, focus on the fulfilment of deadlines, i.e., upper time-bounds. For behavioral control, the periodicity of processes is also of interest. Here, a novel scheduling algorithm for behavioral processes at different time-scales is introduced, which ensures time-optimal and periodically balanced execution.
Expressiveness of Full Rst Order Constraints in the Algebra of Nite or Innnite Trees

We are interested in the expressiveness of constraints represented by general rst order formulae, with equality as unique relational symbol and functional symbols taken from an innnite set F. The chosen domain is the set of trees whose nodes, in possibly innnite number, are labeled by elements of F. The operation linked to each element f of F is the mapping (a1,. . , an) → b, where b is the tree whose initial node is labeled f and whose sequence of daughters is a1,. , an. We rst consider constraints involving long alternated sequences of quan-tiiers ∃∀∃∀. W e show h o w to express winning positions of two-partners games with such constraints and apply our results to two examples. We then construct a family of strongly expressive constraints, inspired by a constructive proof of a complexity result by P awel Mielniczuk. This family involves the huge numberα(k), obtained by e v aluating top down a p o wer tower of 2's, of height k. With elements of this family, of sizes at most proportional to k, we deene a nite tree having α(k) nodes, and we express the result of a Prolog machine executing at most α(k) instructions. By replacing the Prolog machine by a Turing machine we rediscover the following result of Sergei Vorobyov: the complexity of an algorithm, deciding whether a constraint without free variables is true, cannot be bounded above b y a function obtained by nite composition of elementary functions including exponentiation. Finally, taking advantage of the fact that we h a ve at our disposal an algorithm for solving such constraints in all their generality, w e produce a set of benchmarks for separating feasible examples from purely speculative ones. Among others we solve constraints involving alternated sequences of more than 160 quantiiers.
Phase‐disparity coding in extrastriate area 19 of the cat

Binocular interactions were investigated in area 19 of the anaesthetized cat using dichoptically presented phase‐shifted static spatial frequency gratings that flickered at a fixed temporal rate. More than two‐thirds of the binocular cells showed phase specificity to static phase disparities leading to either summation or facilitation interactions. This proportion of spatial disparity selectivity was higher than that shown for the same area (one‐third of the units) when drifting light bars or drifting spatial frequencies were used to create disparities. The range of phase disparities encoded by binocular cells in area 19 is inversely related to the optimal spatial frequency of the dominant eye. Thus, cells in this area are tuned to coarse spatial disparities which, as supported by behavioural studies, could reflect its involvement in the analysis of stereoscopic pattern having gross disparities but devoid of motion cues. Because of the nature of its interconnections with numerous visual cortical areas, area 19 could serve as a way station where stereoscopic information could be first analysed and sent to other higher order areas for a complete representation of three‐dimensional objects.