Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer tutoring as a tool for developing the intonation of violin and viola students in elementary music education

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the potential and limitations of peer tutoring in the development of the intonation of violin and viola students in elementary music education. Researchers have found that peer tutoring is a highly beneficial learning strategy. Peer tutoring is defined as the pairing of learners in an asymmetric relationship, who learn by teaching and start with a common, known, shared goal and an interaction framework previously structured by the teacher. After presenting a didactic proposal based on peer tutoring for the development of intonation, this research adopted a mixed-method approach to present quantitative improvements in intonation. The analysis of the pairs’ interaction explains these improvements as coming from the framework fostered by the pairs and the opportunities to learn through teaching. It is concluded that peer tutoring is a very effective tool for improving the intonation of string students.
114. Determining Spatially-Distributed Annual Water Balances for Unguaged Locations on Shikoku Island, Japan: A Comparison of Two Interpolators

Methods were evaluated for interpolating precipitation (P), evapo- transpiration (ET), and runoff (RO) at ungauged points on Shikoku Island, Japan, using data gathered from gauged stations on the same island. Two methods were examined: a "local" cubic spline interpolator, which, for a given point, fitted the function exactly to nearby gauged data points; and a "global" multivariate regression interpolator, which fitted the function to all gauged data points based on their topographic positions (i.e. latitude, longitude, altitude). Local and global interpolators did not generate similar results for P and temperature (T). The spatial density of gauged data points used in the interpolation affected the performance of the interpolators. With any given density of gauged data points included in the inter- polation, the local interpolator outperformed the global interpolator. The findings indicate that local interpolators are more accurate predictors of the spatial distribution of water balance components in mountainous regions such as Shikoku Island.
A Configuration Space for Solutions of Maxwell's Equations

In joint work with Robin Balean, we have constructed a parameterisation of the space of all solutions of Maxwell's equations in an exterior domain in Minkowski space. The domain has boundary consisting of a null cone and a timelike cylinder, and the construction arises from uniqueness and existences theorems, which we establish within a certain "Lorentz" gauge. The resulting free boundary data are unconstrained.
Depression: neurological disorder versus psychiatric disorder

Depression is a extremely serious illness, but most people think of it as just a black mood and are indifferent or unconcerned about whether it is a serious problem. There is also some controversy regarding the clinical treatment options for depression. The controversies mainly focus on medication and psychological counseling. This paper suggests that depression is more likely to be a neurological rather than a psychiatric disorder, which implies that changes in brain structure will lead to psychiatric problems. This article suggests scientists should do more research on biological mechanisms to find more effective ways to treat depression and in the meantime, people should pay more attention to their mental health.
Photobiomodulation Reduces the Cytokine Storm Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in the Zebrafish Model

Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the level of inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red photobiomodulation (PBM) as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 in a zebrafish model. RT-qPCR analyses and protein–protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that recombinant Spike protein (rSpike) was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a and coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern similar to those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment was able to decrease the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most-impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipid metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19 and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials can commence.
Impact of Social Websites Testimonials on the Career Choices of Post-Millennials and Millennials in the IT Industry

This article seeks to understand how social website testimonials have been impacting the career choices of post-millennials and millennials and comparison between the two generations have been done to suggest improvements to organizations to help attract and retain the said talent. This research shall help determine whether social websites testimonials and its usage has been having a significant impact on career choices of post-millennials and millennials with focus on post-millennial talent. It shall add to the existing body of knowledge. The current hiring strategies, policies, and processes had been designed to attract millennials. With the entry of post-millennials, a need to redefine them has been felt now. This research aims to ascertain the impact being made on their career choices and would help organizations in redefining their hiring strategy, processes, and systems.
Physiological, Nutritional and Transcriptomic Responses of Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) to Complete Substitution of Fishmeal with Cottonseed Protein Concentrate in Aquafeed

Simple Summary Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a high-protein product derived from widely available cottonseed flakes, but its use is limited by the presence of anti-nutritional components (gossypol, etc.). This study investigated the potential of using CPC as a substitute for fishmeal in the diet of sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). The study found that completely replacing fishmeal with CPC had negative effects on the growth and physiology of the sturgeon, as shown by reduced weight gain, feed efficiency, and essential amino acids. Additionally, there was a decrease in digestive enzyme activity and an upregulation of genes linked to metabolism in the liver. The research concluded that CPC should not completely replace fishmeal in the diet of the sturgeon. This study provides important data for the development of better aquafeeds and the evaluation of diet performance in sturgeon using molecular methods. Although plant proteins such as CPC can reduce production costs in aquaculture, their excessive consumption can lead to the loss of growth performance and digestion due to anti-nutritional components. Abstract This study estimated the effect of substituting fishmeal completely with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) in the diet of sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) on growth, digestive physiology, and hepatic gene expression. A control diet containing fishmeal and an experimental diet based on CPC was designed. The study was conducted for 56 days in indoor recirculating aquaculture systems. The results showed that weight gain, feed efficiency, and whole-body essential amino acids (EAAs) all decreased significantly in the experimental group, while whole-body non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) and serum transaminase activity increased (p < 0.05). The activity of digestive enzymes in the mid-intestine was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and liver histology revealed fatty infiltration of hepatocytes. The hepatic transcriptome revealed an upregulation of genes linked to metabolism, including steroid biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. These findings indicate that fully replacing fishmeal with CPC harms A. schrenckii growth and physiology. This study provides valuable data for the development of improved aquafeeds and the use of molecular methods to evaluate the diet performance of sturgeon.
Multiple Fingerprint–Activity Relationship Assessment of Immunomodulatory Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum Based on Chemometric Methods

Polysaccharides with molecular weights ranging from 1.75 × 103 to 1.14 × 104 g/mol were obtained from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. The multiple fingerprints and macrophage immunostimulatory activity of these fractions were analyzed as well as the fingerprint–activity relationship. The correlation analysis of molecular weight and immune activity demonstrated that polysaccharides with molecular weights of 4.27 × 103~5.27 × 103 and 1 × 104~1.14 × 104 g/mol were the main active fractions. Moreover, the results showed that galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid were positively related to immunostimulatory activity. Additionally, partial least-squares regression and grey correlation degree analyses indicated that three peaks (P2, P3, P8) in the oligosaccharide fragment fingerprint significantly affected the immune activity of the polysaccharides. Hence, these ingredients associated with activity could be considered as markers to assess Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and their related products, and the study also provides a reference for research on the spectrum–effect relationship of polysaccharides in the future.
Frequency-Domain Data-Driven Position-Dependent Controller Synthesis for Cartesian Robots

Cartesian robots have position-dependent dynamics that must be taken into account for high-performance applications. Traditional methods design linear time-invariant (LTI) controllers that are robustly stable with respect to position variations but result in reduced performance. Advanced methods require linear parameter varying (LPV) models and LPV controller design methods that are not well-established in the industry. On the other hand, the classical model-based gain-scheduled technique involves parametric identification, high-performance controller design for each position, interpolation of the controller parameters, and real-time controller validation, making it time-consuming and costly. Our approach uses frequency response at different operating points to design an LPV controller using a convex optimization algorithm based on second-order cone programming. The approach is applied to an industrial three-axis Cartesian robot, showing significant improvements over state-of-the-art control design strategies. Data acquisition and controller design can be performed automatically, reducing significantly the engineering costs for controller synthesis.
Sleep disturbance as transdiagnostic mediator between adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in children and adolescents: A structural equation modeling meta‐analysis

Abstract Background Increasing research efforts have focused on understanding why some individuals develop severe psychopathology after exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Sleep disturbances (insomnia, nightmares, and sleep disorders) are prevalent sequelae of ACEs and associated with psychopathology; however, there is no meta‐analytic evidence on whether sleep disturbance functions as a transdiagnostic mediator in the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology (internalizing/externalizing disorders and psychosis) in children and adolescents. Methods Systematic searches in three databases (PubMed; PsycINFO; Web of Science) identified 98 articles (N = 402,718; age range 1–17 years) and the present study used a novel two‐stage meta‐analytic structural equation model to investigate whether ACEs predict psychopathology through sleep disturbance. Subgroup analyses determined potential biases due to study design (cross‐sectional vs. longitudinal) and geographical differences (Western vs. non‐Western countries). Sensitivity analyses evaluated the influence of early childhood (<5 years old) and overlapping symptoms (i.e., nightmares and trauma symptoms) on model stability. Results The pooled correlations among ACEs, sleep disturbance, and psychopathology were significant; the effect sizes ranged from moderate to high (r = 0.21 to r = 0.29). The indirect effect from ACEs via sleep disturbance to psychopathology was significant (β = 0.05, 95% CI [0.04, 0.06]). The direct effect of ACEs on psychopathology was significant (β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.13–0.24). Subgroup analyses revealed larger effects for cross‐sectional studies than longitudinal studies (Δ χ2 (3) = 9.71, p = 0.021). Sensitivity analyses revealed stable and consistent results. Conclusions The present meta‐analytic results indicate that sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic mediator in the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology among children and adolescents. Further research is required to determine the synergistic effects between sleep disturbance and other risk mechanisms, and elucidate the complex pathways that lead to disorder in the aftermath of childhood adversities.
Towards Inclusive Growth: Perspective of Regional Spatial Correlation Network in China

China’s economic growth has been impressive, but the persistent income inequality poses a threat to its sustainability. To address this issue, we use the complex network analysis method for the first time to explore the structural characteristics of the regional spatial correlation network of inclusive growth (RSCN) of 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 1999 to 2020. We use exponential random graph models to explore the internal mechanisms and driving factors that shape this network. Our results show that inclusive growth dependencies between regions are widespread and increasing. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang serve as benchmark regions, while provinces in the middle reach of the Yangtze River play an increasingly important bridging role. The northwestern region mainly acts as a receiving region. Our study identifies transitivity, reciprocity, and high interaction tendency as critical microstructures. Furthermore, we find that infrastructure, digital economy development, financial marketization, fiscal expenditure linkages, and inter-provincial trade linkages are crucial factors in shaping network relationships. Our study provides theoretical support for the development of China’s regional coordinated development strategy and sustainable economic growth policies.
Psychiatric disorders and the onset of self-reported fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: The lifelines cohort study

Introduction This study aimed to assess whether psychiatric disorders predict the onset of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) which develop in the presence of pre-existing muscle pain or fatigue. Methods The population-based Lifelines cohort study included 148,614 adults with relevant data for the fibromyalgia study and 136,423 for the CFS study. Participants with prior self-reported fibromyalgia (or CFS) at baseline were excluded from the relevant analysis. At follow-up (mean 2.4 years), new onsets of each syndrome were identified by self-report. Logistic regression was used to identify which of the baseline variables predicted new onsets of each syndrome. The total number of psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, burnout, panic disorder, social phobia, agoraphobia, obsessive–compulsive, and eating disorders) was used as a predictor. Prior to the analyses the samples were divided into those with and without marked muscle pain (for fibromyalgia analysis) or persistent fatigue (for CFS). Results During follow-up, there were 685/136,423 (0.5%) new onsets of self-reported FM in participants without marked muscle pain and 281/7481 (3.75%) in those with such pain; for CFS it was 292/124,223 (0.2%) for those without and 192/10,025 (1.9%) for those with baseline fatigue. In both univariate and logistic regression analyses of participants with prior persistent fatigue psychiatric disorder was clearly associated with onset of CFS. This was not so for onset of fibromyalgia in participants with prior muscle pain. Discussion Although psychiatric disorders did not predict self-reported fibromyalgia or CFS in participants free of pain or fatigue at baseline, in this study psychiatric disorder did predict self-reported CFS in the presence of pre-existing fatigue. Progress in understanding the etiology of these disorders may require studying separately onsets with and without pre-existing key symptoms.
Measurement of CP Content and Time-Dependent CP Violation in B0 → D*+D*- Decays

This dissertation presents the measurement of the Cp-odd fraction and time-dependent CP violation parameters for the B{sup 0} {yields} D*{sup +} D*{sup -} decay. These results are based on the full BABAR dataset of (467 {+-} 5) x 10{sup 6} B{bar B} pairs collected at the PEP-II B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. An angular analysis finds that the CP-odd fraction of the B{sup 0} {yields} D*{sup +} D*{sup -} decay is R{sub {perpendicular}} = 0.158 {+-} 0.028 {+-} 0.006, where the first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. A fit to the flavor-tagged, time-dependent, angular decay rate yields C{sub +} = 0.02 {+-} 0.12 {+-} 0.02; C{sub {perpendicular}} = 0.41 {+-} 0.50 {+-} 0.08; S{sub +} = -0.76 {+-} 0.16 {+-} 0.04; S{sub {perpendicular}} = -1.81 {+-} 0.71 {+-} 0.16, for the CP-odd ({perpendicular}) and CP-even (+) contributions. Constraining these two contributions to be the same results in C = 0.047 {+-} 0.091 {+-} 0.019; S = -0.71 {+-} 0.16 {+-} 0.03. These measurements are consistent with the Standard Model and with measurements of sin2{beta} from B{sup 0} {yields} (c{bar c})K{sup 0} decays.
z-SCALING AND JET PRODUCTION IN HADRON–HADRON COLLISIONS AT HIGH ENERGIES

Inclusive jet production in and pp collisions at high energies in the framework of the concept of z-scaling is studied. The available experimental data on the cross-section of jet production obtained by the UA1, UA2, CDF and D0 Collaborations are used for analysis. The scaling function ψ(z) is expressed via inclusive cross-section Ed3σ/dq3 and jet multiplicity density ρ(s,η). The properties of z-scaling, the energy and angular independence of ψ(z) and the power behavior, ψ(z)~z-α, of jet and dijet production were found. Based on the properties of z-scaling, the dependence of the cross-section of jets produced in and pp collisions on transverse momentum q⊥ over the central range is predicted. The obtained results can be of interest for future experiments planned at RHIC, LHC, HERA and Tevatron to search for new phenomena in hadron–hadron, hadron–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions.
Mutational Analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus Volatile Oxylipins in a Drosophila Eclosion Assay

Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen. We have previously reported that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by A. fumigatus cause delays in metamorphosis, morphological abnormalities, and death in a Drosophila melanogaster eclosion model. Here, we developed A. fumigatus deletion mutants with blocked oxylipin biosynthesis pathways (∆ppoABC) and then exposed the third instar larvae of D. melanogaster to a shared atmosphere with either A. fumigatus wild-type or oxylipin mutant cultures for 15 days. Fly larvae exposed to VOCs from wild-type A. fumigatus strains exhibited delays in metamorphosis and toxicity, while larvae exposed to VOCs from the ∆ppoABC mutant displayed fewer morphogenic delays and higher eclosion rates than the controls. In general, when fungi were pre-grown at 37 °C, the effects of the VOCs they produced were more pronounced than when they were pre-grown at 25 °C. GC–MS analysis revealed that the wild-type A. fumigatus Af293 produced more abundant VOCs at higher concentrations than the oxylipin-deficient strain Af293∆ppoABC did. The major VOCs detected from wild-type Af293 and its triple mutant included isopentyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, 2-methylbutanal, acetoin, and 1-octen-3-ol. Unexpectedly, compared to wild-type flies, the eclosion tests yielded far fewer differences in metamorphosis or viability when flies with immune-deficient genotypes were exposed to VOCs from either wild-type or ∆ppoABC oxylipin mutants. In particular, the toxigenic effects of Aspergillus VOCs were not observed in mutant flies deficient in the Toll (spz6) pathway. These data indicate that the innate immune system of Drosophila mediates the toxicity of fungal volatiles, especially via the Toll pathway.
Social Jeopardy of Substance Use among Adolescents: A Review to Recognize the Common Risk and Protective Factors at the Global Level

Adolescence is a phase of life between childhood and adulthood marked by rapid biological, social and psychological changes. During this phase, individuals bear a more emotional and curious mind and may engage in risky behaviours. Decades of investigations have revealed that substance use usually begins in adolescence. The main essence of this paper is to carry out an elaborative review of earlier works to recognize familiar risks and protective factors for substance use among adolescents at the global level. Additional emphasis was given to identifying the various statistical modelling approaches, widely used in earlier studies, to promote research methodological issues for future research in this specific domain. Articles published from 1991 to 2021 on adolescent substance use were downloaded, and after carrying out a preliminary full-text review, 50 articles were selected keeping the priority of the aforementioned objectives. After an intensive review, risk factors were identified and clustered around five broad domains such as individual, parental, familial, peer and environmental factors. Protective factors were also categorized under the headings of five broad domains viz. individual, parental, familial, social and interventional. Specific statistical modelling techniques were identified to evaluate the relative risk of specific groups of adolescents being in the clutches of substance use. It is necessary to recognise the potential risk and protective factors and their combined effect on substance use among adolescents to prevent this menace from society. For a better understanding of research about the exact vulnerable age of onset of substance use during the adolescence period, both the orthogonally placed risk and protective factors necessarily need to be distinguished with an attempt to protect adolescents from the further abuse of substances, as recognised by parents and society. To prevent substance use, interventions such as regulating substance price & accessibility, school intervention programs, academic monitoring, social support, clear expectations between parents and child, addressing family trauma, awareness activities, healthy lifestyle habits, mental health support, family health counselling and substance abuse treatment should be implemented.