Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Traffic Control for Guaranteed Services on the Internet

Real-time communications services will be one of the most promising applications on the Internet. Real-time traffic usually utilizes a significant amount of resources while traversing through the network. To provide guaranteed service for delay-sensitive real-time applications, both resource reservation and effective traffic control are necessary. The resource reservation protocol (RSVP) was developed to deal with the former problem while various approaches have been proposed to solve the latter one. It is crucial for guaranteed services to maintain satisfactory performance through effective traffic control, which must be implemented in a feasible way and be able to work with RSVP. In this article, we present a flexible and effective traffic-control approach with a resource reservation scheme to accommodate delaysensitive services on the Internet. We demonstrate that our approach features proven bounded end-to-end queueing delay for delay-sensitive applications and good resilience for resource allocation. In addition, our packet transmission discipline achieves significant improvement in end-to-end delay control.
Cognitive Styles—an overview and integration

Abstract This review article considered the nature of styles and strategies and then surveyed work on cognitive styles. Different researchers have used a variety of labels for the styles they have investigated. Analysis of the way in which they assessed style, its effect on behaviour and performance, and studies of the relationship to other labels, suggested that the labels may be grouped into two principal cognitive styles. These were labelled the Wholist‐Analytic and Verbialiser‐Imager dimensions. A computer presented method of assessing the position of an individual on these dimensions was described.
Coherence and Flexibility in Dialogue Games for Argumentation

This article carries out a formal study of dialogue games for argumentation. A formal framework for such games is proposed which imposes an explicit reply structure on dialogues, where each dialogue move either attacks or surrenders to some earlier move of the other participant. The framework is flexible in several respects. It allows for different underlying logics, alternative sets of locutions and more or less strict rules for when they are allowed. In particular, it allows for varying degrees of coherence and flexibility when it comes to maintaining the focus of a dialogue. Its formal nature supports the study of formal properties of specific dialogue protocols, especially on how they respect the underlying logic.
Cantonese as an additional language in Hong Kong: Problems and prospects

Abstract Based on data obtained from a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews with four Caucasians and four dark-skinned Asians, this study shows that while some ‘foreigners’ do make an effort to learn Cantonese, many find the teaching methods not so useful and the language difficult to master, especially its tone system. The data are analyzed following the interactive multicultural model of acculturation. The findings point toward a huge chasm between non-local groups and the Cantonese-speaking community. The receptivity of Hong Kong Chinese towards attempts by members of non-local groups to speak Cantonese varies, depending on their racial identity and socioeconomic status.
Immunoglobulin G4: an odd antibody

Despite its well‐known association with IgE‐mediated allergy, IgG4 antibodies still have several poorly understood characteristics. IgG4 is a very dynamic antibody: the antibody is involved in a continuous process of half‐molecules (i.e. a heavy and attached light‐chain) exchange. This process, also referred to as ‘Fab‐arm exchange’, results usually in asymmetric antibodies with two different antigen‐combining sites. While these antibodies are hetero‐ bivalent, they will behave as monovalent antibodies in most situations. Another aspect of IgG4, still poorly understood, is its tendency to mimic IgG rheumatoid factor (RF) activity by interacting with IgG on a solid support. In contrast to conventional RF, which binds via its variable domains, the activity of IgG4 is located in its constant domains. This is potentially a source of false positives in IgG4 antibody assay results. Because regulation of IgG4 production is dependent on help by T‐helper type 2 (Th2) cells, the IgG4 response is largely restricted to non‐microbial antigens. This Th2‐dependency associates the IgG4 and IgE responses. Another typical feature in the immune regulation of IgG4 is its tendency to appear only after prolonged immunization. In the context of IgE‐mediated allergy, the appearance of IgG4 antibodies is usually associated with a decrease in symptoms. This is likely to be due, at least in part, to an allergen‐blocking effect at the mast cell level and/or at the level of the antigen‐presenting cell (preventing IgE‐facilitated activation of T cells). In addition, the favourable association reflects the enhanced production of IL‐10 and other anti‐inflammatory cytokines, which drive the production of IgG4. While in general, IgG4 is being associated with non‐activating characteristics, in some situations IgG4 antibodies have an association with pathology. Two striking examples are pemphigoid diseases and sclerosing diseases such as autoimmune pancreatitis. The mechanistic basis for the association of IgG4 with these diseases is still enigmatic. However, the association with sclerosing diseases may reflect an excessive production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines triggering an overwhelming expansion of IgG4‐producing plasma cells. The bottom line for allergy diagnosis: IgG4 by itself is unlikely to be a cause of allergic symptoms. In general, the presence of allergen‐specific IgG4 indicates that anti‐inflammatory, tolerance‐inducing mechanisms have been activated. The existence of the IgG4 subclass, its up‐regulation by anti‐inflammatory factors and its own anti‐inflammatory characteristics may help the immune system to dampen inappropriate inflammatory reactions.
Fast and accurate propagation of coherent light

We describe a fast algorithm to propagate, for any user-specified accuracy, a time-harmonic electromagnetic field between two parallel planes separated by a linear, isotropic and homogeneous medium. The analytical formulation of this problem (ca 1897) requires the evaluation of the so-called Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integral. If the distance between the planes is small, this integral can be accurately evaluated in the Fourier domain; if the distance is very large, it can be accurately approximated by asymptotic methods. In the large intermediate region of practical interest, where the oscillatory Rayleigh–Sommerfeld kernel must be applied directly, current numerical methods can be highly inaccurate without indicating this fact to the user. In our approach, for any user-specified accuracy ε>0, we approximate the kernel by a short sum of Gaussians with complex-valued exponents, and then efficiently apply the result to the input data using the unequally spaced fast Fourier transform. The resulting algorithm has computational complexity , where we evaluate the solution on an N×N grid of output points given an M×M grid of input samples. Our algorithm maintains its accuracy throughout the computational domain.
Aβ42-induced Increase in Neprilysin Is Associated with Prevention of Amyloid Plaque Formation in Vivo *

Brain β-amyloid plaques are principal targets for the development of treatments designed to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Intracranial injections of synthetic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ42) in transgenic mice expressing the Alzheimer's disease-causing Swedish APP double mutations increased neuronal levels of neprilysin, a metalloendopeptidase that degrades Aβ42 in vivo, on mRNA and protein level. This increase was associated with significant reductions in brain levels of Aβ and with almost complete prevention of amyloid plaque formation throughout the brain. In addition, astrogliosis normally associated with amyloidosis was significantly reduced. Our results suggest that up-regulation of neprilysin in brain may represent an opportunity to reduce or prevent amyloid plaque formation in vivo.
Efficient Intersection of Three Quadrics and Applications in Computer Vision

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for finding all intersections of three quadrics. The proposed method is algebraic in nature and it is considerably more efficient than the Gröbner basis and resultant-based solutions previously used in computer vision applications. We identify several computer vision problems that are formulated and solved as systems of three quadratic equations and for which our algorithm readily delivers considerably faster results. Also, we propose new formulations of three important vision problems: absolute camera pose with unknown focal length, generalized pose-and-scale, and hand-eye calibration with known translation. These new formulations allow our algorithm to significantly outperform the state-of-the-art in speed.
SAR values comparison between GSM and 3G

The paper analyses the level of electromagnetic radiation produced by the mobile terminals and its correlation with SAR value, until now the only method to quantify the harmful effect of using this mode of communication. It is shown that the modern 3G (UMTS) network, although uses an emission power much lower than the 2G (GSM) network and produces a lower mean exposure level, still leads to the highest SAR level. This fact is indicated by manufacturers and confirmed by comparative interlaboratory measurements, one of the latest being presented in the paper. The causes of this situation and the validity limits of the present SAR concept are explained. Finally, the reduction of the SAR test duration for 3G mobile phones is proposed, by giving up in a first stage, the measurements on GSM channels.
A mediação pedagógica em uma disciplina científica como referência formativa para a docência de futuros professores de biologia

This research focuses how a lecturer's pedagogical mediation in a biological course may contribute to a future teachers' practice in Biology, particularly related to the conceptual elaboration process. The theoretical and methodological approach of the investigation is based on a historical and social framework. Data collection comprises observation and audio tape recording of the lecturer's lessons and interviews with students, which are analyzed according with microgenetic and conceptual approaches. Results reveal the importance that lecturer's pedagogical mediation may have for the initial teacher education in Biology.
Unrequited love: On heartbreak, anger, guilt, scriptlessness, and humiliation.

Unreciprocated romantic attraction was explored by comparing narrative accounts. Unrequited love emerged as a bilaterally distressing experience marked by mutual incomprehension and emotional interdependence. Would-be lovers looked back with both positive and intensely negative emotions, whereas rejectors were more uniformly negative in their accounts. Unlike rejectors, would-be lovers believed that the attraction had been mutual, that they had been led on, and that the rejection had never been communicated definitely. Rejectors depicted themselves as morally innocent but still felt guilty about hurting someone; many rejectors depicted the would-be lover's persistent efforts as intrusive and annoying
Deep Learning for Semantic Parsing

Recently, we developed USP, the first approach for unsupervised semantic parsing [11]. We applied it to extracting a knowledge base from biomedical abstracts for question answering and found that it substantially outperforms state-of-the-art systems such as TextRunner and DIRT. In this paper, we show that USP can be viewed as learning a deep network for semantic parsing. The hidden units in the network represent clusters of meaning expressions, whereas the visible units represent dependency trees of input sentences. USP starts with a network where each atomic expression has its own cluster, and learns the final architecture by incrementally combining hidden units to abstract away syntactic and lexical variations of the same meaning. USP can be naturally generalized to a new approach for deep learning based on structure search; we discuss the implications of this.
Materialism and Well-Being: A Conflicting Values Perspective

Over the past decade, materialism has emerged as an important research topic. Materialism is generally viewed as the value placed on the acquisition of material objects. Previous research finds that high levels of material values are negatively associated with subjective well-being. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between materialism and well-being within the broader context of an individual's value system. In this article, we examine the relationship between material values and other important life values. In addition, we draw on values theory to examine a novel conceptualization of why materialism is antithetical to well-being. Specifically, our theory proposes that the individual orientation of material values conflicts with collective-oriented values, such as family values and religious values. This state of values conflict creates psychological tension, and this tension is associated with a reduced sense of well-being. Using both a survey sample of 373 adults from across the United States and an experimental study of 120 college students, we find considerable support for this conflicting values perspective. Copyright 2002 by the University of Chicago.
The Molecular Architecture of Galactose Mutarotase/UDP-Galactose 4-Epimerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

The metabolic pathway by which β-d-galactose is converted to glucose 1-phosphate is known as the Leloir pathway and consists of four enzymes. In most organisms, these enzymes appear to exist as soluble entities in the cytoplasm. In yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, however, the first and last enzymes of the pathway, galactose mutarotase and UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, are contained within a single polypeptide chain referred to as Gal10p. Here we report the three-dimensional structure of Gal10p in complex with NAD+, UDP-glucose, and β-d-galactose determined to 1.85-Å resolution. The enzyme is dimeric with dimensions of ∼91 Å × 135 Å × 108 Å and assumes an almost V-shaped appearance. The overall architecture of the individual subunits can be described in terms of two separate N- and C-terminal domains connected by a Type II turn formed by Leu-357 to Val-360. The first 356 residues of Gal10p fold into the classical bilobal topology observed for all other UDP-galactose 4-epimerases studied thus far. This N-terminal domain contains the binding sites for NAD+ and UDP-glucose. The polypeptide chain extending from Glu-361 to Ser-699 adopts a β-sandwich motif and harbors the binding site for β-d-galactose. The two active sites of Gal10p are separated by over 50 Å. This investigation represents the first structural analysis of a dual function enzyme in the Leloir pathway.
A Quadrature Demodulator for WCDMA Receiver Using Common-Base Input Stage with Robustness to Transmitter Leakage

A quadrature demodulator (QDEMOD) for WCDMA direct-conversion receiver using common-base input stage is reported. A common-base input stage is robust to parasitic elements and is suitable for on-chip matching circuits to realize small and low-cost RF front-end modules. However, a common-mode blocker signal, such as the transmitter (TX) leakage signal, degrades the noise performance due to intermodulation distortion of the TX leakage signal and noise. We propose a QDEMOD with a common-base input stage that is capable of suppressing the TX leakage signal using symmetrical inductors. The QDEMOD was fabricated using Si-Ge BiCMOS process with fT of 75 GHz. The measured results show that the NF degradation does not occur until the TX leakage signal input is larger than -13 dBm
Correlation of Male Overactive Bladder with Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion

Purpose Male overactive bladder (OAB) may be caused by prostatic pathologies such as bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) has been found to correlate with BOO and acute urinary retention. We investigated the interrelation between male OAB symptoms and IPP for estimating anatomical changes to the prostate. Materials and Methods We assessed 179 consecutive men aged >40 years who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. The initial evaluation included International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life assessments, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), uroflowmetry, and postvoid residual urine volume. The degree of IPP was determined by the distance from the tip of the protrusion to the circumference of the bladder at the base of the prostate gland. Patients with IPP <0.5 cm were defined as group A (n=114), and patients having 0.5 cm≤IPP<1 cm were defined as group B (n=38). The others were defined as group C (n=27). Results A total of 51 patients complained of urgency in group A, 38 patients in group B, and 27 patients in group C. Likewise, 14 patients had a history of acute urinary retention in group A, 8 patients in group B, and 16 patients in group C. IPP grade had a statistically significant relation with both OAB and a history of acute urinary retention. Conclusions The results of our study have shown that male OAB is correlated with IPP. However, larger scale studies are needed to confirm these results.
The functional significance of E277K and V295A HFE
 mutations

Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by excessive intestinal iron absorption resulting in increased pathological body iron stores. It is typically associated with homozygosity for the c.845G>A (p.C282Y) mutation in the HFE gene. However, other HFE alterations have been reported in affected individuals but their association with the disease is unclear. This study analysed the functional consequences of two HFE mutations, c.829G>A (p.E277K) and c.884T>C (p.V295A). Firstly, it was shown that c.829G>A affects the HFE splicing by diminishing the full length HFE and ivs4_66bp inclusion transcript levels, while increasing the amount of exon 4 skipping transcript. Immunofluorescent techniques showed that the HFE_E277K protein had a diffuse distribution (similar to HFE_C282Y) while HFE_V295A presented at the cell surface and perinuclear compartments (resembling HFE_wt). Immunoprecipitation assays revealed a decreased association of HFE_E277K and HFE_V295A with both β2‐microglobulin (B2M; 38 ± 7% and 66 ± 8%, respectively) and transferrin receptor (TFRC, also termed TFR1) (58 ± 2% and 49 ± 16%, respectively). Herein, we prove that both mutations partially abrogate HFE association with B2M and TFRC, crucial for its correct processing and cell surface presentation. Although E277K has a more deleterious effect than V295A, we propose that both mutations may play a role in the development of hereditary haemochromatosis.
Social Effectiveness in Organizations: Construct Validity and Research Directions

Social dynamics of interpersonal and group processes has been an active area of investigation in the organizational sciences for many years, as have the social effectiveness competencies that facilitate such process dynamics. In recent years, we have witnessed a proliferation of social effectiveness constructs in the field, which appear to reflect some convergence, but unique character as well. In this article, we examine the nature of these various social effectiveness constructs, their construct validity, and their relationships with important work outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of directions for future research and implications of the growth of interest in social effectiveness in organizations.
Endothelial and platelet microparticles in vasculitis of the young.

OBJECTIVE Microparticles are released from endothelial cells in response to a variety of injurious stimuli and recently have been shown to be increased in a number of diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction. This study examined endothelial microparticle (EMP) and platelet microparticle (PMP) profiles in children with systemic vasculitis to test the hypothesis that EMPs may provide a noninvasive means of examining endothelial activation or injury. METHODS The study cohort comprised 39 children with systemic vasculitis at various stages of disease activity, 24 control children with febrile disease, and a control group of 43 healthy subjects. Plasma was ultracentrifuged at 17,000g for 60 minutes, and the microparticle pellets were examined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Plasma from patients with active systemic vasculitis contained significantly higher numbers of E-selectin-positive EMPs compared with that from patients in remission, healthy controls, or febrile disease controls (P = 0.000 for each). A similar result was obtained for the numbers of EMPs expressing the marker CD105. There was also a significant increase in PMPs expressing CD42a in the active vasculitis group as compared with the other groups, but this difference was not significant for PMPs expressing P-selectin. The EMP counts correlated with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score and the acute-phase reactant levels in the patients with systemic vasculitis, but there was a poor correlation overall between EMP counts and the acute-phase reactant levels in the febrile disease controls. CONCLUSION EMPs may provide a window to the activated endothelium and could provide important pathophysiologic insights into the vascular injury associated with vasculitis of the young.
First International Workshop on Conversational Approaches to Information Retrieval (CAIR'17)

Recent advances in commercial conversational services that allow naturally spoken and typed interaction, particularly for well-formulated questions and commands, have increased the need for more human-centric interactions in information retrieval. The First International Workshop on Conversational Approaches to Information Retrieval (CAIR`17) brings together academic and industrial researchers to create a forum for research on conversational approaches to search. A specific focus is on techniques that support complex and multi-turn user-machine dialogues for information access and retrieval, and multi-model interfaces for interacting with such systems. We invite submissions addressing all modalities of conversation, including speech-based, text-based, and multimodal interaction. We also welcome studies of human-human interaction (e.g., collaborative search) that can inform the design of conversational search applications, and work on evaluation of conversational approaches.
Political Conduct and Misconduct: Probing Public Opinion

The media and public responses to the expenses scandal of 2009 demonstrated the enduring importance of standards of conduct in British public life. This article addresses some basic questions concerning citizens' attitudes towards political wrongdoing, including how much notice people actually take of politicians' misbehaviour, how much importance citizens attach to politicians' integrity and how big a problem in politics political misconduct is thought to be. Drawing on responses to a representative survey of the British public, this article finds that most people do take some notice of scandals, and that most people, when forced to choose, prize honesty in their politicians over competence. It also finds that these factors influence how big a problem certain types of behaviour are perceived to be.