Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHANDRA AND SPITZER OBSERVATIONS REVEAL NEW YSOs IN THE HEART OF TRUMPLER 37

We have discovered 22 new low-mass members in the center of the 4 Myr old open cluster Trumpler 37 (Tr 37) using archival Chandra and Spitzer data. Our use of the Chandra ACIS data and an improved reduction of Spitzer Infrared Array Camera data of the central region in Tr 37 led to the discovery of three new disk-bearing members, 19 new diskless members, and potentially 10 more infrared excess sources. Combining these new members with previous known members, we measured a disk frequency of ∼39%, which is lower than the previously reported disk frequency of ∼48%. Most of the new members are diskless stars that lie within 0.65 pc of the central massive O6.5V star HD 206267. The proximity of these sources to HD 206267 suggests photoevaporation may be accelerating disk evolution in the center of Tr 37. The new members have solar-type masses ranging from ∼0.6 M☉ to 1.8 M☉, spectral types ranging from late to early K, and X-ray luminosities in the range 29.3 erg s-1 ⩽ log LX ⩽ 31.9 erg s-1. The median X-ray luminosity (LX ∼ 3 × 1030 erg s−1) of the new members in this intermediate-aged cluster is on the same level as younger (1–3 Myr) and slightly older (5 Myr) populations in the same mass range, which suggests the age–activity relation for pre-main-sequence solar-mass stars is constant up to ∼5 Myr and decays sometime thereafter.
Allometric equations for the estimation of above- and below-ground biomass for Larix sibirica Ledeb. in Northern Mongolia

Abstract The accurate estimation of tree above-ground (AGB) and below-ground (BGB) biomass components and their root/shoot ratio play key roles in stand and country-level forest biomass and carbon stock estimation. Nevertheless, site-specific and appropriate biomass equations and root/shoot ratio are hardly available for natural larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forests in Mongolia. The present study aimed (1) to develop allometric equations to estimate the above- and below-ground biomass of L. sibirica trees, and (2) to estimate the root/shoot ratio applicable for estimating the root biomass based on above-ground biomass of natural larch forests in northern Mongolia. A total of 40 trees with DBH ranging from 6.8 to 40.8 cm were sampled for tree biomass analyses. For each biomass component, we calculated the proportion of biomass allocated to different components, and also tested four allometric equations based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and height (H) as independent variables. Our results, based on measurements of oven-dried biomass, revealed that stem biomass on average accounted for 44.5% and followed by branch (28.6%) and root (19.9%) biomass, respectively. Stem and branch biomass proportions were gradually increased with increasing DBH, while a contrary trend was observed for needles. The root/shoot ratio averaged 0.25. A comparison of the allocation of root biomass by diameter fractions showed an ever-growing trend of coarse roots with an increase in stem diameter, which often exceeded more than 50% of the total root biomass. However, biomass equations, which include both DBH and H were more precise than equations that are solely based only on DBH. Consequently, among the proposed allometric regression models for estimating the AGB and BGB, the equation y = aD b H c was selected as the best-fitted equation for estimating each biomass component in Siberian larch forests. These allometric equations are available to be used for the estimation of natural larch forest biomass and carbon stocks in the Khentii Mountains of Mongolia, where extreme continental climate conditions dominate.
Nanotomography of Cell Surfaces with Evanescent Fields

The technique of variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and its application to nanotomography of cell surfaces are described. Present applications include (1) 3D imaging of chromosomes in their metaphase to demonstrate axial resolution in the nanometre range, (2) measurements of cell-substrate topology, which upon cholesterol depletion shows some loosening of cell-substrate contacts, and (3) measurements of cell topology upon photodynamic therapy (PDT), which demonstrate cell swelling and maintenance of focal contacts. The potential of the method for in vitro diagnostics, but also some requirements and limitations are discussed.
Transcriptome and metabolome response of eggplant against Ralstonia solanacearum infection

Bacterial wilt is a soil-borne disease that represents ubiquitous threat to Solanaceae crops. The whole-root transcriptomes and metabolomes of bacterial wilt-resistant eggplant were studied to understand the response of eggplant to bacterial wilt. A total of 2,896 differentially expressed genes and 63 differences in metabolites were identified after inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum. Further analysis showed that the biosynthesis pathways for phytohormones, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids were altered in eggplant after inoculation with R. solanacearum. The results of metabolomes also showed that phytohormones played a key role in eggplant response to bacterial wilt. Integrated analyses of the transcriptomic and metabolic datasets indicated that jasmonic acid (JA) content and gene involved in the JA signaling pathway increased in response to bacterial wilt. These findings remarkably improve our understanding of the mechanisms of induced defense response in eggplant and will provide insights intothe development of disease-resistant varieties of eggplant.
A framework for 2D hyperstability theory based provably convergent adaptive 2D IIR filtering

A set of results for 2D quarter plane causal systems reminiscent of 1D hyperstability theory is reported. The key to this development is a little-known spectral factorability type 2D result of E. Landau (1906). The tools used are largely based on notions of passivity. An adaptive 2D recursive filtering scheme potentially useful in propagating-wave-type 2D problems is considered, and it is shown via the 2D hyperstability result that the scheme converges in an appropriate sense. <<ETX>>
Decomposition reactions for NaAlH4, Na3AlH6, and NaH: First-principles study

The electronic properties and lattice dynamics of the sodium alanate phases have been studied by the density functional calculations. The phases include $\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ (space group, $I{4}_{1}∕a$), ${\mathrm{Na}}_{3}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{H}}_{6}$ (space group, $P{2}_{1}∕n$), and NaH (space group, $Fm\text{\ensuremath{-}}3m$). The electronic properties are discussed on the basis of the electronic band structures, the atomic charges, the bond overlap population analysis, and the Born effective charges. The phonon dispersion relations and phonon density of states (DOS) of the phases are calculated by a direct force-constant method. Within the quasiharmonic approximation, the calculated thermodynamic functions including the heat capacity, the vibrational enthalpy, and the vibrational entropy are in good agreement with experimental values. Three decomposition reactions are studied based on the thermodynamic functions. The reactions are (1) $\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\frac{1}{3}{\mathrm{Na}}_{3}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{H}}_{6}+\frac{2}{3}\mathrm{Al}+{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, (2) $\frac{1}{3}{\mathrm{Na}}_{3}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{H}}_{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{H}+\frac{1}{3}\mathrm{Al}+\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, and (3) $\mathrm{Na}\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}+\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. The reactions (1), (2), and (3) are predicted to take place at 285, 390, and $726\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, respectively, which are in good agreement with the experiment (353, 423, and $698\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, respectively). The individual contributions to the reactions including the enthalpy and entropy are investigated. We found that the enthalpy for the reaction is almost constant, and the net entropy contribution ($T\ensuremath{\Delta}S$) to the reaction is approximately equal to the entropy contribution of the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas molecule (produced in that reaction).
SN‐38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, enhances anti‐PD‐1 treatment efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Anti‐programmed cell death 1 (anti‐PD‐1) therapy shows definite but modest activity in patients with advanced/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Preliminary evidence suggests that SN‐38, an activated form of irinotecan that increases expression of the transcription factor FoxO3a, can suppress programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression in breast and ovarian tumor models. We analyzed the SN‐38‐mediated activation of natural killer cells in vitro and explored the efficacy of SN‐38 in combination with anti‐PD‐1 for treatment in vivo. In vitro, SN‐38 enhanced the expression of FoxO3a and reduced the expression of c‐Myc and PD‐L1 dose‐dependently in tumor cells. Low‐dose SN‐38 increased interferon‐γ secretion by NK cells and promoted NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in tumor cells. In vivo studies revealed that at non‐cytotoxic drug concentrations, SN‐38 significantly enhanced anti‐PD‐1 activity in suppressing murine tumor growth. We found increased NK cell and CD8+ T‐cell infiltration in post‐treatment tumors. RNA‐seq analysis indicated that SN‐38 increased the enrichment of immune cells and biological function genes related to the immune responses. SN‐38 is a potentially beneficial adjunct to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in HNSCC. Further studies exploring its mechanism of action and possible applications are necessary. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Discovery of a Bright Radio Supernova in the Circumnuclear Starburst of the Luminous Infrared Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 7469

This Letter reports the first detection ever of a radio supernova (RSN) in the circumnuclear region of a highly luminous infrared, QSO-like, galaxy. The RSN, named RSN J230315+0852.4, is located in the circumnuclear starburst of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469, at a distance of 600 pc from its QSO-like nucleus. The 8.4 GHz emission of RSN J230315+0852.4 represents about 7% of the total flux density emitted from within 1 kpc of the nucleus and 13% of the flux density emitted by the Seyfert nucleus itself. RSN J230315+0852.4, with an 8.4 GHz luminosity of 1.1 × 1021 W Hz-1, is one of the most luminous and most distant RSNe ever detected and is also the closest of all known RSNe to a galactic nucleus. From the available radio information, no firm conclusion on the type of supernova, nor on the mass of the progenitor that has produced this RSN, can be made. An ongoing radio-monitoring program will be able to answer these questions.
Advances in silicon nanowire applications in energy generation, storage, sensing, and electronics: a review

Nanowire-based technological advancements thrive in various fields, including energy generation and storage, sensors, and electronics. Among the identified nanowires, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) attract much attention as they possess unique features, including high surface-to-volume ratio, high electron mobility, bio-compatibility, anti-reflection, and elasticity. They were tested in domains of energy generation (thermoelectric, photo-voltaic, photoelectrochemical), storage (lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, super capacitors), and sensing (bio-molecules, gas, light, etc). These nano-structures were found to improve the performance of the system in terms of efficiency, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, rapidity, and reliability. This review article scans and summarizes the significant developments that occurred in the last decade concerning the application of SiNWs in the fields of thermoelectric, photovoltaic, and photoelectrochemical power generation, storage of energy using LIB anodes, biosensing, and disease diagnostics, gas and pH sensing, photodetection, physical sensing, and electronics. The functionalization of SiNWs with various nanomaterials and the formation of heterostructures for achieving improved characteristics are discussed. This article will be helpful to researchers in the field of nanotechnology about various possible applications and improvements that can be realized using SiNW.
Simultaneous low-frequency noise characterization of gate and drain currents in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

Room temperature low frequency noise characteristics of gate and drain currents of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor are reported. A Hooge parameter (αH) ranging from 10−3 to 10−4 is extracted for drain current noise as a function of sheet carrier density. Gate current noise is simultaneously measured with drain noise both in the time and frequency domain. A weak correlation is seen between the drain and gate noise. Temporally unstable Lorentzian components on top of stable 1/fγ noise are observed in the gate noise spectra which also show up as random telegraph signal noise in the time domain. It is proposed that the gate Schottky contact is of high quality but that electrically unstable point defects in the AlGaN layer are the cause of Lorentzians and random telegraph switching noise.
The relevance of social anxiety for understanding social functioning and facial emotion recognition in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis

Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis often experience poor social functioning and impaired facial emotion recognition (FER); however, the impact of frequently comorbid symptoms upon these processes is underexplored. In particular, social anxiety is characteristic of this population and also related to poor social functioning and FER biases, such as misinterpreting neutral faces as negative or threatening; however, little is known about how social anxiety relates to these processes in CHR individuals. The present study examined the overlap of social anxiety, social functioning, and FER accuracy and bias.
Nonparametric models for functional data, with application in regression, time series prediction and curve discrimination

The aim of this article is to investigate a new approach for estimating a regression model with scalar response and in which the explanatory variable is valued in some abstract semi-metric functional space. Nonparametric estimates are introduced, and their behaviors are investigated in the situation of dependent data. Our study contains asymptotic results with rates. The curse of dimensionality, which is of great importance in this infinite dimensional setting, is highlighted by our asymptotic results. Some ideas, based on fractal dimension modelizations, are given to reduce dimensionality of the problem. Generalization of the model leads to possible applications in several fields of applied statistics, and we present three applications among these namely: regression estimation, time-series prediction, and curve discrimination. As a by-product of our approach in the finite-dimensional context, we give a new proof for the rates of convergence of some Nadaraya–Watson kernel-type smoother without needing any smoothness assumption on the density function of the explanatory variables.
Profiles in Research: An Interview With Karl Gustav Jöreskog

Karl Gustav Jöreskog was born in Åmål, Sweden, on April 25, 1935. He did his undergraduate studies at Uppsala University from 1955 to 1957, with a major in mathematics and physics. He received a PhD in statistics at Uppsala University in 1963, and he was a research statistician at Educational Testing Service and a visiting professor at Princeton University from 1965 to 1971. In 1971, Jöreskog returned to Sweden to become professor of statistics at Uppsala University. In 1984, he was appointed a research professor of Multivariate Statistical Analysis, a position he held until his retirement in 2000. Jöreskog has received three doctoral honoris causa: by the Faculty of Economics and Statistics at the University of Padua, Italy, 1993; by the Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway, 1996; and by the Faculty of Psychology at the Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany, 2004. He became Honorary Professor at Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin, China, in Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics June 2011, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 403–412 DOI: 10.3102/1076998610388778 # 2011 AERA. http://jebs.aera. net
Empirical evidence for climate concerns, negative emotions and climate‐related mental ill‐health in young people: A scoping review

Climate change represents a serious threat to human health, including mental health, due to both the traumatizing effects of extreme climate events and the psychological effect of worry about climate change. Objectives: This scoping review aims to search the literature for original research investigating mental health and climate‐related negative emotions in young people. Findings will help to understand the current landscape, gaps in the literature, and provide recommendations for future youth mental health research and practice.
Linguistic and Psychometric Validation of the Cognition Bolt-On Version of the Japanese EQ-5D-5L for the Elderly

Background: The need for a cognition bolt-on version of the EQ-5D, which would capture cognitive impairment by adding a dimension to the generic instrument assessing health status, has been increasing in Japan. Objective: To develop a cognition bolt-on version of the 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L+C), we linguistically validated a cognition dimension and psychometrically validated the EQ-5D-5L+C. Methods: Following linguistic validation of the cognition dimension, psychometric validation of the EQ-5D-5L+C proxy version utilized anonymized data collected from nursing home residents between October 2021 to April 2022. The validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change were evaluated. Results: Data from 254 participants, including the finalized Japanese EQ-5D-5L+C proxy version, were analyzed for the psychometric validation. Mean (±standard deviation) age and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were 87.14±7.29 years and 15.76±8.46, respectively. The correlation was strongest between the cognition dimension and MMSE scores (rs = –0.640). Test-retest reliability was good in the cognition dimension in both baseline and two-time points (3 months: k = 0.644; 6 months: k = 0.656). Although a correlation between changes in the cognition dimension and those in the MMSE score from baseline was weak (3 months: rs = –0.191; 6 months: rs = –0.267), a correlation with changes in the MMSE score was higher when the cognition dimension was added compared to the EQ-5D alone (3 months: rs = –0.142 versus rs = –0.074). Conclusion: The Japanese EQ-5D-5L+C proxy version developed is a valid tool that captures health status including cognitive function, with a consideration for an over-time assessment. The benefits in adding the cognition dimension to the EQ-5D-5L to assess health state were suggested.
Diamond growth by chemical vapour deposition

This paper reviews the growth of diamond by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). It includes the following seven parts: (1) Properties of diamond: this part briefly introduces the unique properties of diamond and their origin and lists some of the most common diamond applications. (2) Growth of diamond by CVD: this part reviews the history and the methods of growing CVD diamond. (3) Mechanisms of CVD diamond growth: this part discusses the current understanding on the growth of metastable diamond from the vapour phase. (4) Characterization of CVD diamond: we discuss the two most common techniques, Raman and XRD, which have been intensively employed for characterizing CVD diamond. (5) CVD diamond growth characteristics: this part demonstrates the characteristics of diamond nucleation and growth on various types of substrate materials. (6) Nanocrystalline diamond: in this section, we present an introduction to the growth mechanisms of nanocrystalline diamond and discuss their Raman features. This paper provides necessary information for those who are starting to work in the field of CVD diamond, as well as for those who need a relatively complete picture of the growth of CVD diamond.
Turbulente Grenzschichten in Ablösungsnähe

Auf der Grundlage der in einer vorangehenden Arbeit entwickelten Konzeption wird das Verhalten turbulenter Grenzschichten in Ablosungsnahe beschrieben. Fur Aquilibrium-Grenzschichten erhalt man einfache explizite Formeln, die in weitgehender Ubereinstimmung mit Messungen von F. H. Clauser und B. S. Stratford stehen. Eine Feststellung von Belang ist, das die Ermittlung des lokalen Reibungswiderstandes in Ablosungsnahe mittels des logarithmischen Wandgesetzes nicht moglich ist. On the basis of the conception developed in a previous paper turbulent boundary layers are written near the separation. For equilibrium layers simple explicit formulae are obtained in a close agreement with experiments of F. H. Clauser and B. S. Stratford. A result of importance is that the determination of the local friction near the separation with the aid of the logarithmic law of wall is not possible.
Thermoelectric Properties of Y-Doped Polycrystalline SrTiO3

The thermoelectric properties of Y-doped polycrystalline SrTiO3 (Sr1-xYxTiO3) are measured from 10 K to 900 K. The Y component is doped up to the solubility limit of Sr1-xYxTiO3, x=0.1. The Y-doped polycrystalline samples show a low resistivity, ∼1 ×10-5 Ω·m and a large absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient, ∼150 µV/K, at room temperature. Consequently, they have a high power factor, 1.2 ×10-3 W/mK2, defined as PF=S2/ρ, where S is the Seebeck coefficient and ρ is the resistivity. Furthermore, we observe a decrease in the thermal conductivity of SrTiO3 due to phonon scattering by the Y dopant.
Deep learning-based approaches for human motion decoding in smart walkers for rehabilitation

Gait disabilities are among the most frequent worldwide. Their treatment relies on rehabilitation therapies, in which smart walkers are being introduced to empower the user's recovery and autonomy, while reducing the clinicians effort. For that, these should be able to decode human motion and needs, as early as possible. Current walkers decode motion intention using information of wearable or embedded sensors, namely inertial units, force and hall sensors, and lasers, whose main limitations imply an expensive solution or hinder the perception of human movement. Smart walkers commonly lack a seamless human-robot interaction, which intuitively understands human motions. A contactless approach is proposed in this work, addressing human motion decoding as an early action recognition/detection problematic, using RGB-D cameras. We studied different deep learning-based algorithms, organised in three different approaches, to process lower body RGB-D video sequences, recorded from an embedded camera of a smart walker, and classify them into 4 classes (stop, walk, turn right/left). A custom dataset involving 15 healthy participants walking with the device was acquired and prepared, resulting in 28800 balanced RGB-D frames, to train and evaluate the deep networks. The best results were attained by a convolutional neural network with a channel attention mechanism, reaching accuracy values of 99.61% and above 93%, for offline early detection/recognition and trial simulations, respectively. Following the hypothesis that human lower body features encode prominent information, fostering a more robust prediction towards real-time applications, the algorithm focus was also evaluated using Dice metric, leading to values slightly higher than 30%. Promising results were attained for early action detection as a human motion decoding strategy, with enhancements in the focus of the proposed architectures.