Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy and safety of cardio-selective β-receptor blocker in management of AECOPD complicated with right heart failure

Aims: To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of administration of a low dosage of cardio-selective β- receptor blocker in treating Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) complicated with right cardiac failure. Methods: In total, 100 AECOPD patients were randomly assigned into the experimental (n=50) and control groups (n=50). Patients in the control group received standard treatment according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD, 2013 edition). Based upon conventional therapy, those in the experimental group received oral administration of metoprolol tartrate tablets. All patients were followed up for 1 year. Results: The Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) did not significantly differ between two groups (both P>0.05). Prior to the treatment, no statistical significance was observed in heart rate between two groups (P>0.05), whereas heart rate in the experimental group was significantly improved (P 0.05). In the experimental group, 3 patients (6.3%) suffered from adverse events, and 4 (8.4%) in the control group (P>0.05). In the experimental group, the frequency of acute exacerbation, mortality rate and NT-proBNP level were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P 0.05). Conclusion: Use of a low-dose cardio-selective β-receptor blocker can effectively alleviate AECOPD complicated with right heart failure, improve heart function and decrease the frequency of acute exacerbation. No severe adverse events are noted after administration of cardio-selective β-receptor blocker.
Teaching the bioinformatics of signaling networks: an integrated approach to facilitate multi-disciplinary learning

The number of bioinformatics tools and resources that support molecular and cell biology approaches is continuously expanding. Moreover, systems and network biology analyses are accompanied more and more by integrated bioinformatics methods. Traditional information-centered university teaching methods often fail, as (1) it is impossible to cover all existing approaches in the frame of a single course, and (2) a large segment of the current bioinformation can become obsolete in a few years. Signaling network offers an excellent example for teaching bioinformatics resources and tools, as it is both focused and complex at the same time. Here, we present an outline of a university bioinformatics course with four sample practices to demonstrate how signaling network studies can integrate biochemistry, genetics, cell biology and network sciences. We show that several bioinformatics resources and tools, as well as important concepts and current trends, can also be integrated to signaling network studies. The research-type hands-on experiences we show enable the students to improve key competences such as teamworking, creative and critical thinking and problem solving. Our classroom course curriculum can be re-formulated as an e-learning material or applied as a part of a specific training course. The multi-disciplinary approach and the mosaic setup of the course have the additional benefit to support the advanced teaching of talented students.
Understanding user's needs in information gathering in social networks

Social Network Sites (SNSs) have become an important method for information exchange, and many people turn to these sites for their information needs. Users encounter a variety of challenges when performing information gathering on SNSs because the SNS messages are not organized like traditional documents. These challenges include small amounts of information in each message, unorganized messages, and lack of context in each message. In this work we focus specifically on how the information should be presented to a user to address these issues. We perform a study of SNS users to identify their preferences for such an interface and present the results.
Directionality in Four Bender-Gestalt Figures: III

Two predictions, viz., that for Austrian non-clinical school children whose left-right reading-writing habits parallel an assumed innate left-right drawing tendency, a clear preference for left-right execution of 4 Bender-Gestalt figures (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 6) would be attained at an earlier age and no plateau would be observed in contrast to Israeli non-clinical school children whose right-left reading-writing habits are in a direction opposite to the assumed innate drawing tendency, were confirmed at significant levels of confidence. In a sub-sample of the Austrian population investigated fathers' educational/occupational level as well as the child's position in his sibship as measures of attention and stimulation in the home do not appear to have any significant influence on preference for direction of drawing.
API-Level Attacks on Embedded Systems

We have recently discovered a whole new family of attacks on the APIs (application programming interfaces) used by security processors. These attacks are economically important, as security processors are used to support a wide range of services - from ATMs (automated teller machines) to pre-payment utility metering - but designing APIs that resist such attacks is difficult.
Using distance correlation and SS-ANOVA to assess associations of familial relationships, lifestyle factors, diseases, and mortality

We present a method for examining mortality as it is seen to run in families, and lifestyle factors that are also seen to run in families, in a subpopulation of the Beaver Dam Eye Study. We observe that pairwise distance between death age in related persons is on average less than pairwise distance in death age between random pairs of unrelated persons. Our goal is to examine the hypothesis that pairwise differences in lifestyle factors correlate with the observed pairwise differences in death age that run in families. Szekely and Rizzo [Szekely GJ, Rizzo ML (2009) Ann Appl Stat 3(4): 1236–1265] have recently developed a method called distance correlation, which is suitable for this task with some enhancements. We build a Smoothing Spline ANOVA (SS-ANOVA) model for predicting death age based on four major lifestyle factors generally known to be related to mortality and four major diseases contributing to mortality, to develop a lifestyle mortality risk vector and a disease mortality risk vector. We then examine to what extent pairwise differences in these scores correlate with pairwise differences in mortality as they occur between family members and between unrelated persons. We find significant distance correlations between death ages, lifestyle factors, and family relationships. Considering only sib pairs compared with unrelated persons, distance correlation between siblings and mortality is, not surprisingly, stronger than that between more distantly related family members and mortality. The methodological approach here adapts to exploring relationships between multiple clusters of variables with observable (real-valued) attributes, and other factors for which only possibly nonmetric pairwise dissimilarities are observed.
THE MINOAN SANTORINI ERUPTION AND TSUNAMI DEPOSITS IN PALAIKASTRO (CRETE): DATING BY GEOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, 14 C, AND

Deposits from the Minoan Santorini (Thera) eruption in the eastern Mediterranean region constitute the most important regional stratigraphic marker in the chronological perplexity of the 2nd millennium BCE. Extensive tsunami depos- its were discovered in Crete at the Minoan archaeological site of Palaikastro, containing reworked volcanic Santorini ash. Hence, airborne deposition of volcanic ash, probably during the 1st (Plinian) eruption phase, preceded the tsunami, which was apparently generated during the 3rd or 4th phase of the eruption, based on evidence from Thera. Average radiocarbon dates (uncalibrated) of animal bones in the Palaikastro tsunami deposits along the coast (3350 ± 25 BP) and at the inland archaeo- logical site (3352 ± 23 BP) are astoundingly similar to the average 14C date for the Minoan Santorini eruption at Akrotiri on Thera (3350 ± 10 BP). The wiggle-matched 14C date of the eruption in calendar years is 1627-1600 cal BCE. Late Minoan IA pottery is the youngest element in the Palaikastro tsunami deposits, fitting with the LM IA archaeological date for the San- torini eruption, conventionally linked at ~1500 BCE with Dynasty XVIII of the historical Egyptian chronology. The reasons for the discrepancy of 100-150 yr between 14C dating and Egyptian chronology for part of the 2nd millennium BCE are unknown. 14C dates from Tell el-Dabca in the eastern Nile Delta show that the 14C age of the Santorini eruption matches with 14C results from 18th Dynasty strata C3 and C2, thereby confirming grosso modo the conventional archaeo-historical corre- lations between the Aegean and Egypt. We propose that a dual dating system is used in parallel: (1) archaeological material- cultural correlations linked to Egyptian chronology; (2) 14C dating. Mixing of dates from the 2 systems may lead to erroneous archaeological and historical correlations. A "calibration curve" should be established between Egyptian chronology and 14C dating for the 2nd millennium BCE, which may also assist to resolve the cause of the discrepancy.
Sense, Reference and Selective Attention

he idea that there is a distinction between propositional and Ti magistic content is familiar and compelling, but it brings with it a problem. The problem is to explain the relation between the two types of content. This problem can seem so difficult that to escape it, you would abandon the propositional/imagistic distinction. But that is an extreme reaction; we can solve the problem. My proposal in this paper is that the primary mechanism for mediating between propositional and imagistic content is perceptual attention. Propositional content involves reference to objects. There are many ways in which we can refer to concrete objects, but the most basic sort of reference is when you can see the thing, or perceive it somehow, and refer to it on the strength of that perception. If you and I are looking out of the window, then we may discuss the castle before us, identifying it as 'that castle', the one we can see. But just having the castle in your field of view does not seem to be enough for you to refer to it. If you are to refer to the castle, you must do more than have it your field of view: you must attend to the thing. And if you are to talk to me about that castle, you have to draw my attention to it, so I get some clue as to what you are talking about. Reference on the basis of perception seems to depend on the ability to attend to the things perceived. Reference and attention are related phenomena. Attention, as I am conceiving of it, is a matter of selection: you select some aspects of your perception rather than others. One basis for selection is perceived location: you may select the phenomena perceived at a single location. Selection on the basis of location is what I shall be calling spatial attention. Perceptual reference can depend on spatial attention. The best way for you to let me know what you are talking about may be to point to where the castle is. But there are other bases for attention, as when you and I listen to
Molecular Sciences Characterization of the Interaction between Eupatorin and Bovine Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Methods

This study investigated the interaction between eupatorin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, and molecular modeling at pH 7.4. Results of UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies illustrated that BSA fluorescence was quenched by eupatorin via a static quenching mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions played major roles in the interaction. Moreover, the efficiency of energy transfer, and the distance between BSA and acceptor eupatorin, were calculated. The effects of eupatorin on the BSA conformation were analyzed using UV-vis, CD, and synchronous fluorescence. Finally, the binding of eupatorin to BSA was modeled using the molecular docking method.
Dissection of Autophagosome Formation Using Apg5-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

In macroautophagy, cytoplasmic components are delivered to lysosomes for degradation via autophagosomes that are formed by closure of cup-shaped isolation membranes. However, how the isolation membranes are formed is poorly understood. We recently found in yeast that a novel ubiquitin-like system, the Apg12-Apg5 conjugation system, is essential for autophagy. Here we show that mouse Apg12-Apg5 conjugate localizes to the isolation membranes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Using green fluorescent protein–tagged Apg5, we revealed that the cup-shaped isolation membrane is developed from a small crescent-shaped compartment. Apg5 localizes on the isolation membrane throughout its elongation process. To examine the role of Apg5, we generated Apg5-deficient embryonic stem cells, which showed defects in autophagosome formation. The covalent modification of Apg5 with Apg12 is not required for its membrane targeting, but is essential for involvement of Apg5 in elongation of the isolation membranes. We also show that Apg12-Apg5 is required for targeting of a mammalian Aut7/Apg8 homologue, LC3, to the isolation membranes. These results suggest that the Apg12-Apg5 conjugate plays essential roles in isolation membrane development.
Fatty Acid Profiles of Ten Muscles from High and Low Marbled (Quality Grade 1++ and 2) Hanwoo Steers

The aim of this research was to evaluate: 1) the fatty acid profile of ten muscles from high marbled (HM, quality grade 1++) and low marbled (LM, quality grade 2) Hanwoo carcass, 2) the relationship between the fatty acid profile and sensory traits. There were significant (p<0.001) differences in fat content and fatty acid composition among the 10 muscles obtained from HM and LM Hanwoo steers. The proportions of SFA (saturated fatty acid), MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) were significantly (p<0.001) different among the 10 muscles due to differences in all fatty acids except eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3). The high-fat muscles had a lower n-6/n-3 ratio compared to the low-fat muscles (p<0.001). LM muscles had a significantly (p<0.05) higher proportion of SFA than HM muscles due to a higher proportion of stearic acid (C18:0). On the contrary, HM muscles had a significantly (p<0.01) higher proportion of MUFA than LM muscles due to higher oleic acid (C18:1n-9) proportion. SFA had a significant correlation with CIE a* (r=0.281; p<0.01) and drip loss (%) (r=−0.233; p<0.001). Cooking loss (%) had a significantly (p<0.05) negative correlation with PUFA (r=−0.233; p<0.05). Overall palatability was positively correlated with SFA (r=0.262; p<0.01), but negatively correlated with PUFA (r=−0.567; p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between oleic acid and any of the sensory traits (p>0.05).
The use of sunscreen products among final year medicine and pharmacy students: A cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, perception, and practice of medical and pharmacy students toward the usage of sunscreen as protection for the skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among final year medical and pharmacy undergraduates at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Validated questionnaires were distributed to 134 medical students and 100 pharmacy students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used where appropriate. Findings: One hundred and sixty-one out of 234 participants completed the questionnaires. The participants comprised 101 medical students (75.4%) and sixty pharmacy students (60.0%). The majority of the respondents were females (102; 63.4%), and 59 (36.6%) were males. The median of the knowledge scores of the final year medical students was significantly lower than that of the final year pharmacy students (P < 0.001). The female students showed significantly higher knowledge scores than the male students (P = 0.027). This study reported that 24 (39.3%) pharmacy students were influenced by the media to use sunscreen, whereas 35 (34.7%) medical students were influenced the most by friends to use sunscreen. The final year pharmacy students had a better perception compared to the medical students, with the total perception score of the final year pharmacy students being significantly higher than that of the final year medical students (P = 0.020). Most of the participants were also aware of the harmful effects of UV radiation and had a positive reaction toward the usage of sunscreen to prevent those harmful effects. Conclusion: The knowledge and perception of final year pharmacy students were significantly higher than the knowledge and perception of final year medical students with regard to the usage of sunscreen.
A new method of investigating equine locomotion.

Summary The prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of many diseases of the equine locomotor system should be based on a quantitative evaluation of the locomotor patterns of normal individuals. This report describes briefly a technique that may be useful for research in equine locomotion. A method of data processing and analysis used in aviation research has been adapted to a study of equine locomotion. From high-speed cinefilms, the attitude angles, (i.e. the pitch, yaw and roll movements) of the hoof, are plotted and expressed as functions of time. Angular velocity and acceleration can also be calculated. Resume La prophylaxie, le diagnostic et le traitement de nombreuses affections de l'appareil locomoteur chez le cheval devraient s'appuyer sur l'appreciation quantitative des caracteres normaux de la locomotion chez les individus normaux. Brievement on decrit une technique qui peut etre utile pour la recherche et l'etude de la locomotion normale chez le cheval. Une methode de transcription et de traitement des donnees recueillies, inspiree de methodes utilisees dans la recherche aeronautique, a ete adaptee a l'etude de la locomotion equine. A l'aide de films cinematographiques a haute sensibilite les mouvements du sabot (dits “de tangage, de roulis, etc.”) sont apprehendes et exprimes et exprimes en fonction du temps. La vitesse angulaire et l'acceleration peuvent egalement etre calculees. Zusammenfassung Prophylaxe, Diagnose und Therapie vieler Krankheiten des equinen Bewegungsapparats sollten sich auf einer quantitativen Analyse normaler locomotorischer Ablaufe begrunden. Die Arbeit beschreibt in Kurze eine Technik, die fur die Erforschung von Bewegungsablaufen beim Pferd nutzlich sein durfte. Eine Methode der Datenverarbeitung und Analyse aus der Fliegerei wurde fur eine Studie equiner Bewegungsablaufe adaptiert. Mit hoher Geschwindigkeit gedrehte Filme erlauben die Erfassung der verschiedenen Haltungswinkel des Hufs, die dann als Funktion der Zeit ausgedruckt werden konnen. Die Winkelgeschwindigkeit und die Beschleunigung konnen ebenfalls berechnet werden. Sumario La profilaxis, diagnostico y terapia de muchas enfermedades del sistema locomotor del equino deberian ser basados en evaluciaco cuantitativa de partes locomotoras en individuos normales. Este reporte describe brevemente una tecnica que puede ser util para la investigacion en la locomosion equina. De peliculas de cine de alta velocidad, la actitud, angulos (ejemplo, el tono, gunada y movi “mientos de vaiven”) del casco estan expresado en funcion de tiempo. Velocidad angular y aceleracion pueden tambien ser calculados.
Vago-vagal reflex relaxation of the stomach in the cat.

In acute experiments on chloralosed cats gastric motility was recorded with a rubber balloon system kept at constant intragastric pressure under experimental conditions not requiring abdominal surgery. -Electric stimulation of the central end of either a small vagal branch at the level of the diaphragm or of one vagal nerve at the level of the neck, while the opposite vagal nerve was left intact produced profound reflex relaxation of the stomach. Also the efferent pathway of the relaxatory reflex was in the vagal nerves. -The reflex relaxation persisted after administration of atropine, which shows that it was not due to reflex suppression of prevailing activity of the vagal cholinergic motor fibres. It was also independent of adrenergic mechanisms, since it persisted after administration of guanethidine in doses known effectively to block the adrenergic intestino-gastric inhibitory reflex. This vago-vagal relaxatory reflex response thus showed the same characteristics as the gastric response elicited by efferent stimulation of the high-threshold vagal relaxatory fibres. -It is concluded that this vago-vagal reflex originates, at least partly, from abdominal structures, with the efferent pathway consisting of the relaxatory, high-threshold fibres producing pronounced gastric relaxation. This vago-vagal relaxatory reflex may be involved in receptive relaxation of the stomach.
Solid–solid contacts due to surface roughness and their effects on suspension behaviour

Solid–solid contacts due to microscopic surface roughness in viscous fluids were examined by observing the translational and rotational behaviours of a suspended sphere falling past a lighter sphere or down an inclined surface. In both cases, a roll–slip behaviour was observed, with the gravitational forces balanced by not only hydrodynamic forces but also normal and tangential solid–solid contact forces. Moreover, the nominal separation between the surfaces due to microscopic surface roughness elements is not constant but instead varies due to multiple roughness scales. By inverting the system, so that the heavy sphere fell away from the lighter sphere or the plane, it was found that the average nominal separation increases with increasing angle of inclination of the plane or the surface of the lighter sphere from horizontal; the larger asperities lift the sphere up from the opposing surface and then gravity at large angles of inclination is too weak to pull the sphere back down to the opposing surface before another large asperity is encountered. The existence of microscopic surface roughness and solid–solid contacts is shown to modify the rheological properties of suspensions. For example, the presence of compressive, but not tensile, contact forces removes the reversibility of sphere–sphere interactions and breaks the symmetry of the particle trajectories. As a result, suspensions of rough spheres exhibit normal stress differences that are absent for smooth spheres. For the conditions studied, surface roughness reduces the effective viscosity of a suspension by limiting the lubrication resistance during near–contact motion, and it also modifies the suspension microstructure and hydrodynamic diffusivity.
Type Inference for Records in a Natural Extension of ML

We describe an extension of ML with records where inheritance is given by ML generic polymorphism. All operations on records introduced by Wand in [Wan87] are supported, in particular the unrestricted extension of a field, and other operations such as renaming of fields are added. The solution relies on both an extension of ML, where the language of types is sorted and considered modulo equations [Rem9Ob], and on a record extension of types [Rem9Oc]. The solution is simple and modular and the type inference algorithm is efficient in practice. Comments University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science Technical Report No. MSCIS-90-73. This technical report is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/cis_reports/641 Type Inference For Records In A Natural Extension Of ML MS-CIS-90-73 LOGIC & COMPUTATION 24