Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Broad-Aim Programs: Experimental Design, Its Difficulties, and an Alternative.

There is an approach to the evaluation of social action programs which seems so sensible that it has been accepted without question. The underlying assumption is that action programs are designed to achieve specific ends and that their success can be established by demonstrating cause-effect relationships between the pro­ grams and their aims. In consequence, the preferred research design is an experi­ mental one in which aspects of the situation to be changed are measured before and after implementation of the action program. To support the argument that the program is responsible for the observed changes, the anticipated effects may be measured simultaneously in a control situation that does not receive the program (Campbell & Stanley, 1966). This plausible approach misleads when the action programs have broad aims and take unstandardized forms. The term broad-aim program is intended to describe programs that hope to achieve nonspecific forms of change-for-the-better and which also, because of their ambition and magnitude, involve unstandardized, large-scale interventions and are evaluated in only a few sites. These characteristics have been shared by a
hnRNP H Is a Component of a Splicing Enhancer Complex That Activates a c-src Alternative Exon in Neuronal Cells

ABSTRACT The regulation of the c-src N1 exon is mediated by an intronic splicing enhancer downstream of the N1 5′ splice site. Previous experiments showed that a set of proteins assembles onto the most conserved core of this enhancer sequence specifically in neuronal WERI-1 cell extracts. The most prominent components of this enhancer complex are the proteins hnRNP F, KSRP, and an unidentified protein of 58 kDa (p58). This p58 protein was purified from the WERI-1 cell nuclear extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Mono Q chromatography, and immunoprecipitation with anti-Sm antibody Y12. Peptide sequence analysis of purified p58 protein identified it as hnRNP H. Immunoprecipitation of hnRNP H cross-linked to the N1 enhancer RNA, as well as gel mobility shift analysis of the enhancer complex in the presence of hnRNP H-specific antibodies, confirmed that hnRNP H is a protein component of the splicing enhancer complex. Immunoprecipitation of splicing intermediates from in vitro splicing reactions with anti-hnRNP H antibody indicated that hnRNP H remains bound to the src pre-mRNA after the assembly of spliceosome. Partial immunodepletion of hnRNP H from the nuclear extract partially inactivated the splicing of the N1 exon in vitro. This inhibition of splicing can be restored by the addition of recombinant hnRNP H, indicating that hnRNP H is an important factor for N1 splicing. Finally, in vitro binding assays demonstrate that hnRNP H can interact with the related protein hnRNP F, suggesting that hnRNPs H and F may exist as a heterodimer in a single enhancer complex. These two proteins presumably cooperate with each other and with other enhancer complex proteins to direct splicing to the N1 exon upstream.
Generating Market Basket Data with Temporal Information

This paper presents a synthetic data generator that outputs timestamped transactional data with embedded temporal patterns controlled by a set of input parameters. In particular, calendar schema, which is determined by a hierarchy of input time granularities, is used as a framework of possible temporal patterns. An example of calendar schema is (year, month, day), which provides a framework for calendar-based temporal patterns of the form , where each is either an integer or the symbol . For example, is such a pattern, which corresponds to the time intervals consisting of all the 16th days of all months in year 2000. This paper also evaluates the data generator through a series of experiments. The synthetic data generator is intended to provide support for data mining community in evaluating various aspects (especially the temporal aspects and the scalability) of data mining algorithms.
A Parllelization of Parlett's Algorithm for Functions of Triangular Matrices

We present a parallelization of Parlett's algorithm for computing arbitrary functions of upper triangular matrices. The parallel algorithm preserves the numerical stability properties of the serial algorithm, and is suitable for implementation on coarse-grain parallel computers. Our experiments on a 16-processor Meiko CS-2 multiprocessor indicate that the algorithm obtains nearly constant efficiency (linear speedup) for small number of processors and for matrices of size greater than 500.
Contributions to structural communication complexity

Zusammenfassung: In der Dissertation werden strukturelle Probleme in YaosKommunikationsmodell untersucht, die sich thematisch dreiBereichen dieses Gebietes zuordnen lassen:Der erste Teil der Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit dem fundamentalenProblem der Herleitung unterer Schranken fur die randomisierteKommunikationskomplexitat. Hauptergebnis ist die folgendeCharakterisierung, die auch als nicht-triviale Verallgemeinerungvon Shannons "Noiseless Coding Theorem" angesehen werden kann:die durchschnittliche deterministische Informationskomplexitatstimmt bis auf einen konstanten Faktor mit der durchschnittlichendeterministischen Kommunikationskomplexitat uberein, und zwar furjede Funktion und jede Verteilung auf den Eingaben.Ein weiteres Ergebnis sind untere Schranken fur die public coinLas Vegas Kommunikationskomplexitat, die um einen konstantenFaktor besser sind, als die bis dahin bekannten.Der zweite Teil beschaftigt sich mit der 30 Jahre altenPH-vs.-PSPACE-Frage in der Kommunikationskomplexitat. Wir ubertragendazu die Todaschen Satze aus der klassischen Komplexitatstheorie inYaos Modell und entwickeln ein Mas fur die Klasse BP-Paritat-P, denapproximativen GF(2)-Rang. Uber eine enge Beziehung zu dem Konzept"matrix rigidity" erhalten wir ein Maskonzentrationsresultat:die meisten Funktionen haben eine fast lineare BP-Paritat-P-Komplexitat.Wir entwickeln auserdem ein Protokoll fur die innere Produktfunktionmod 2 mit wenigen Alternierungen. Dies konnte darauf hinweisen, dassdie Klasse BP-Paritat-P "klein" ist im Vergleich zu PSPACE.Des Weiteren leiten wir fur auf dunnen quasi-zufalligen Graphfamilienbasierenden Adjazenzproblemen eine hohe Paritat-P-Komplexitat her,die dem Logarithmus des Kehrwerts der Kantendichte entspricht.Im dritten Teil untersuchen wir Uberdeckungsstrukturgraphen. Diesesind definiert als Schnittgraphen von maximalen monochromatischenUntermatrizen einer Matrix. Wir zeigen, dass nicht jeder Graph einUberdeckungsstrukturgraph ist. Danach betrachten wir die Teilklasseder "schonen" Graphen und charakterisieren schone quadratfreiebipartite und schone Kantengraphen quadratfreier bipartiter Graphen.
A spatio-temporal representation for the orienteering problem with time-varying profits

We consider an orienteering problem (OP) where an agent needs to visit a series (possibly a subset) of depots, from which the maximal accumulated profits are desired within given limited time budget. Different from most existing works where the profits are assumed to be static, in this work we investigate a variant that has arbitrary time-dependent profits. Specifically, the profits to be collected change over time and they follow different (e.g., independent) time-varying functions. The problem is of inherent nonlinearity and difficult to solve by existing methods. To tackle the challenge, we present a simple and effective framework that incorporates time-variations into the fundamental planning process. Specifically, we propose a deterministic spatio-temporal representation where both spatial description and temporal logic are unified into one routing topology. By employing existing basic sorting and searching algorithms, the routing solutions can be computed in an extremely efficient way. The proposed method is easy to implement and extensive numerical results show that our approach is time efficient and generates near-optimal solutions.
Spinal μ and δ Opioids Inhibit Both Thermal and Mechanical Pain in Rats

The expression and contribution of μ (MOPR) and δ opioid receptors (DOPR) in polymodal nociceptors have been recently challenged. Indeed, MOPR and DOPR were shown to be expressed in distinct subpopulation of nociceptors where they inhibit pain induced by noxious heat and mechanical stimuli, respectively. In the present study, we used electrophysiological measurements to assess the effect of spinal MOPR and DOPR activation on heat-induced and mechanically induced diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs). We recorded from wide dynamic range neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of anesthetized rats. Trains of 105 electrical shocks were delivered to the excitatory cutaneous receptive field. DNICs were triggered either by immersion of the hindpaw in 49°C water or application of 300 g of mechanical pressure. To study the involvement of peptidergic primary afferents in the activation of DNIC by noxious heat and mechanical stimulations, substance P release was measured in the spinal cord by visualizing neurokinin type 1 receptor internalization. We found that the activation of spinal MOPR and DOPR similarly attenuates the DNIC and neurokinin type 1 receptor internalization induced either by heat or mechanical stimuli. Our results therefore reveal that the activation of spinal MOPR and DOPR relieves both heat-induced and mechanically induced pain with similar potency and suggest that these receptors are expressed on polymodal, substance P-expressing neurons.
Changing Lives: the case for women-only vocational technology training revisited

Abstract Women-only vocational courses in technology, which became popular across Western Europe during the 1980s, had fallen from fashion by 2000. Yet the need for such courses remains, at least in certain circumstances. Drawing on case studies of two women-only courses in information and communications technology (ICT), from the Netherlands and Scotland, it is shown that building the confidence of women whose self-esteem is low is key to any successful inclusion outcomes of such courses. It is also shown that, in order to be effective, the organisation and delivery of such training must involve a ‘heterogeneous’ package of measures. It is argued that women-only vocational training in technology, along the model presented in this article, is needed and works for particular groups of women. Women-only technology training is justified on two further grounds – that the gender dynamics on single-sex courses are generally better for such women than those on mixed-sex courses, and that traditional associations between technology and masculinity are less likely to operate in a women-only setting. Being women-only seems to be especially important in relation to three elements of the training package: positive role model effects, mutual encouragement and support amongst trainees, and the safety to speak openly.
Performance analysis of CNTFET based low power operational amplifier in analog circuits for biomedical applications

VLSI technology is being adopted widely nowadays for biomedical applications to improve healthcare diagnosis, monitoring and cure. Analog devices such as A/D converters for biomedical applications can be of modest precision but need to be very energy efficient in order to operate for decades. CNTFET can be the future alternative to be used in various high performance, low power devices. In this paper we have presented a low power CNTFET based two stage Op-Amp for biomedical A/D converters. A sample and hold circuit is also implemented using CNTFET based Op-Amp to be used in biomedical ADCs. Simulation results of CNTET based circuits are compared with MOSFET circuits. Results indicate improvement of power consumption up to 80%. The proposed circuit simulations are carried out in HSPICE. It is concluded that CNTFET based circuits can be prime choice for low power applications.
THE NOSOLOGICAL POSITION OF PANIC REACTIONS

Panic reactions—i. e. , maximal fear states which result from prolonged tension and insecurity, occur in certain constitutional make-ups as a reaction to specific life situations. Panics develop as a climax of a tension depression, or they may form an important and prolonged phase in depressions with uneasiness and anxiety. This latter group has been described as an anxiety psychosis (Wernicke). I distinguish these two groups of leading panics from mere incidental panics, which may occur in any psychosis or psychoneurosis. A thorough discussion of the literature shows the development of the concept of panic in psychiatry and reviews especially the attitude to the impure affects of anxiety, fear, panic and fright. Impure affects have to be studied from a genetic-dynamic point of view. This leads to the recognition of their far-reaching influence. Much of what has been diagnosed schizophrenic admixtures can be explained by impure affects. The term tension depression which is used in this paper does not coin .
The use of postoperative topical corticosteroids in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Topical intranasal corticosteroids (INCSs) are used to control disease symptoms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). The evidence to recommend INCSs as part of the postoperative care is limited. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of INCSs in the postoperative care of patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) during the 1st year postoperatively. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1995 to May 2012), MEDLINE (January 1948 to May 2012), EMBASE (January 1980 to May 2012), and the reference lists of articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies comparing INCSs with placebo or comparing different types of INCSs were included. Results Eleven studies (n = 945 patients) were RCTs and one prospective cohort study (n = 32 patients). As measured by the standardized mean difference (SMD) INCSs had a beneficial effect on symptom scores (SMD, –1.35; 95% CI, –2.05 to –0.64; p = 0.0002; 3 trials; 137 patients) and polyp score (SMD, 0.53; 95% CI, –0.91 to –0.14; p = 0.007; 5 trials; 223 patients). Compared with placebo, the use of INCSs decreased the odds of polyp recurrence (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06–0.51; p = 0.002; 2 trials; 74 patients). Two RCTs (n = 105) and one cohort study (n = 32) reported normal adrenocorticotropic hormone levels postintervention. Conclusion INCS use is a safe therapy in postoperative management of CRSwNP patients. INCS showed significant improvement in polyp score, patients’ symptoms and significant decrease in polyp recurrence in the first year postoperatively.
National self‐determination, peace and human rights

The appeal of the principle of national self‐determination is simple, for it is surely better that nations should determine their own destinies than that someone else should do it for them. The concept of national self‐determination appears to express the idea of democracy, according to which the people are presumed to be best qualified to govern themselves. International law also appears to recognize the right to national self‐determination unreservedly. The common Article 1 of the covenants on civil and political rights and on economic, social and cultural rights proclaims that all peoples have the right to self‐determination. The appeal of national self‐determination is, however, not restricted to democrats and has deeper roots in human nature. All human beings live in groups, and all persistent groups share a common culture. Commitment to a common culture entails an inclination to resist the imposition of alien cultures, although groups respond in various ways to contact with and subjection to other c.
Document Summarization via Convex-Concave Programming

Document summarization is an important task in various areas where the goal is to select a few the most descriptive sentences from a given document as a succinct summary. Even without training data of human labeled summaries, there has been several interesting existing work in the literature that yields reasonable performance. In this paper, within the same unsupervised learning setup, we propose a more principled learning framework for the document summarization task. Specifically we formulate an optimization problem that expresses the requirements of both faithful preservation of the document contents and the summary length constraint. We circumvent the difficult integer programming originating from binary sentence selection via continuous relaxation and the low entropy penalization. We also suggest an efficient convex-concave optimization solver algorithm that guarantees to improve the original objective at every iteration. For several document datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm significantly outperforms the existing approaches.
Survival of Escherichia coli in lake bottom sediment

The survival of Escherichia coli in bottom sediment (Lake Onalaska, navigation pool no. 7, Mississippi River) was studied by using in situ dialysis culture of sterile (autoclaved) and unsterile sediment samples. Bags made from dialysis tubing were filled with either course sand sediment (28.8% fine) or organic, silty clay sediment (77.2% fine) and placed at the sediment-water interface. Bags representing sterile controls, unsterile uninoculated controls, autoclaved inoculated sediment, and unsterile inoculated sediment were studied during a 5-day period for each sediment type. Daily most-probable-number determinations indicated that E. coli populations in unsterile inoculated sediment fluctuated between 5.3 X 10(2) and 2.2 X 10(3) bacteria per g of silty clay and between 3.0 X 10(3) and 1.4 X 10(4) bacteria per g of sand. Autoclaved silty clay sediment inoculated with 1.0 X 10(6) bacteria per g increased to 2.2 X 10(8) bacteria per g in 3 days. During the same period, autoclaved sand sediment inoculated with 1.2 X 10(5) cells per g increased to 5.4 X 10(7) bacteria per g. By day 5, populations in both cultures had decreased by 1 log. The ability of E. coli to survive for several days in aquatic sediment in situ suggests that fecal coliforms in water may not always indicate recent fecal contamination of that water but rather resuspension of viable sediment-bound bacteria.
How do transformational leaders influence followers' affective well-being? Exploring the mediating role of self-efficacy

Abstract Transformational leaders employ a visionary and creative style of leadership that inspires employees to make independent decisions and develop in their work. There is some evidence that the transformational (inspirational) leadership style is linked to employee burnout and stress. However, little research has focused on the psychological mechanisms that could explain this link, nor has there been a focus on positive affective well-being. We propose that transformational leaders influence their followers' self-efficacy, thereby affecting affective well-being in followers. This study extends previous work by examining the direct link between leadership and well-being both cross-sectionally (N=447) and longitudinally (N=188), and testing the mediating effects of self-efficacy. The study was carried out within parts of an elderly care department in a Danish local government. A theory-driven model of the relationships between leadership, self-efficacy and affective well-being was tested using Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicated that followers' self-ratings of self-efficacy mediated the relationship between transformational leadership style and positive affective well-being. Only limited evidence for a direct path between leadership behaviour and positive affective well-being was found. These findings have implications for how organizations may promote employee well-being, through interventions directed at supporting transformational leadership behaviours.
International Migration at the Beginining of the Twenty‐First Century: Global Trends and Issues

Globalisation leads to increases in all kinds of cross-border flows, including movements of people. In recent years international migrationhas grown in volume, and is now an important factor of social transformation in all regions of the world. States classify migrants into certain categories, and seek to encourage certain types of mobility while restricting others. However,control measures are often ineffective if they are not based on understanding of the economic, social and cultural dynamics of migration. The article reviews causes and patterns of migration, and discusses some key issues: migration anddevelopment, international cooperation, settle-ment and ethnic diversity, and migration as a challenge to the nation-state. It is argued that most national governments have taken a short-term and reactive approach to migration. Effortsat international regulation are also relatively under-developed. There is a need for long-term cooperative strategies to achieve agreed goals such as: ensuring orderly migration and preventing exploitation by agents and recruiters;safeguarding the human rights of migrants; making migration an instrument of sustainable development; avoiding conflicts with populations of migrant-receiving areas, and maximising positive aspects of social and culturalchange.
Upper bounds for packings of spheres of several radii

Abstract We give theorems that can be used to upper bound the densities of packings of different spherical caps in the unit sphere and of translates of different convex bodies in Euclidean space. These theorems extend the linear programming bounds for packings of spherical caps and of convex bodies through the use of semidefinite programming. We perform explicit computations, obtaining new bounds for packings of spherical caps of two different sizes and for binary sphere packings. We also slightly improve the bounds for the classical problem of packing identical spheres.
Orally disintegrating dosage forms and taste-masking technologies; 2010

Introduction: In the last decade the development of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) and thin-film platforms has grown enormously in the field of pharmaceutical industry. A wide variety of new masking technologies combined with the aforementioned platforms have been developed in order to mask the taste of bitter active substances and achieve patient compliance. The commercial success and viability of such products requires the development of robust formulations with excellent palatability, disintegration times, physicochemical stability and pharmacokinetic profiles. Areas covered: In this review, emerging taste-masking technologies applied to solid dosage form manufacturing are summarized. The unique features and principles of taste-masking approaches used with ODT platforms are discussed, including the advantages and limitations of each technology. A brief discussion is also included on the taste masking of thin-film technologies, owing to their similar applications and requirements. Expert opinion: This review elucidates the unique features of current commercially available or highly promising ODT and thin-film technologies, along with taste-masking approaches used in the manufacturing of oral solid dosage forms. A better understanding of these drug delivery approaches will help researchers to select the appropriate platform, or to develop innovative products with improved safety, compliance and clinical value.