Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Division Linearization Zero-Bias Current Control for AMBs–Rotor System With Uncertainties and Saturation

Traditional constant current sum (CCS) distribution strategy is always employed in the nonlinear active magnetic bearing (AMB) system control for linearization, but the bias current in CCS causes extra power consumption and limits the AMBs' capacity. In this article, a division linearization zero-bias current (DLZBC) distribution strategy is proposed as a substitution for the CCS strategy. Under this strategy, a linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) with a static antiwindup compensator (SAWC) is applied to deal with model uncertainties and current saturation. For different types of AMB-supported machines, a partial normalized nonlinear model is established. Subsequently, the performance of the CCS strategy is analyzed, and a DLZBC strategy is presented to reduce the power consumption and transform the system into a linear plant with a lumped uncertain parameter. Afterward, a LADRC is designed to enhance robustness, whose parameters are chosen according to $\mu$-synthesis framework and are convenient for adjustment practically. For antisaturation, a SAWC is developed to help the system escape quickly from current saturation and enlarge the stability domain of the saturated system. Comparative simulations and experiments results show that the proposed control method can significantly reduce power consumption and achieve good response in AMB–rotor system.
A brief history in time of ion traps and their achievements in science

A short history of the development of the ion storage technique for precision experiments is given. This is by no means meant to be a complete review of the field, but the intend is to use a few specific examples to describe how the persistence, ingenuity, and experimental skill of a few people has generated the core of a field which is now growing at an ever faster pace, spreading into new areas, developing sub fields, and allowing a view at nature, using very modest experimental equipment, which by far rivals even the most ambitious dreams of high energy physics.
A Method of Fusing Probability-Form Knowledge into Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

In recent years, dramatic progress in object detection in remote sensing images has been made due to the rapid development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, most existing methods solely pay attention to training a suitable network model to extract more powerful features in order to solve the problem of false detections and missed detections caused by background complexity, various scales, and the appearance of the object. To open up new paths, we consider embedding knowledge into geospatial object detection. As a result, we put forward a method of digitizing knowledge and embedding knowledge into detection. Specifically, we first analyze the training set and then transform the probability into a knowledge factor according to an analysis using an improved version of the method used in existing work. With a knowledge matrix consisting of knowledge factors, the Knowledge Inference Module (KIM) optimizes the classification in which the residual structure is introduced to avoid performance degradation. Extensive experiments are conducted on two public remote sensing image data sets, namely DOTA and DIOR. The experimental results prove that the proposed method is able to reduce some false detections and missed detections and obtains a higher mean average precision (mAP) performance than the baseline method.
Harmonic vector excitation coding of speech

A coding algorithm for speech called harmonic vector excitation coding (HVXC) has been developed that encodes speech at very low bit rates (2.0–4.0 kbit/s). It breaks speech signals down into two types of segments: voiced segments, for which a parametric representation of harmonic spectral magnitudes of LPC residual signals is used; and unvoiced segments, for which the CELP coding algorithm is used. This combination provides near toll-quality speech at 4.0 kbit/s, and communication-quality speech at 2.0 kbit/s, thus outperforming FS1016 4.8-kbit/s CELP. This paper discusses the encoder and decoder algorithms for HVXC, including fast harmonic synthesis, time scale modification, and pitch-change decoding. Due to its high coding efficiency and new functionality, HVXC has been adopted as the ISO/IEC International Standard for MPEG-4 audio.
Energy Transport to the Solar Corona by Magnetic Kink Waves

We show that the magnetic kink waves generated by the motions of photospheric footpoints of the coronal flux tubes can supply adequate energy for heating the quiet corona, provided there are occasional rapid motions of these footpoints as found in recent observations. Choudhuri et al. (1992) modeled the solar corona as isothermal atmosphere and showed that these rapid motions are much more efficient for transporting energy compared to the slow footpoint motions taking place most of the time. We extend these calculations for a two-layer atmosphere, with the lower layer having chromospheric thickness and temperature, and the upper layer having coronal temperature. Even in the presence of such a temperature jump we find that the rapid footpoint motions are still much more efficient for transporting energy to the corona and the estimated energy flux is sufficient for quiet coronal heating. We discuss the general problem of the propagation of kink pulses in a two-layer atmosphere for different possible values of the basic parameters. We find a fairly complicated behavior which could not be anticipated from the analysis of a pure Fourier mode.
Provjera konstruktne i kriterijske valjanosti Skale situacijske motivacije u sportskom kontekstu

Motivacija za vježbanje, odnosno bavljenje sportom ili sudjelovanje u tjelesnoj aktivnosti tema je koja se istražuje dugi niz godina. Cilj ovoga rada bio je validirati prevedenu verziju Skale situacijske motivacije u sportskom kontekstu na hrvatski jezik te provjeriti njezine metrijske karakteristike. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 449 (55% žena) aktivnih i rekreativnih sportaša, u dobi od 15 do 64 godine (M = 27,60, SD = 10,50). Sudionici su ispunili Upitnik motivacije za vježbanje EMI-2 (Markland i Ingledew, 1997; Vlašić i sur., 2002) te Skalu situacijske motivacije (Guay i sur., 2000), koja, prema teoriji samoodređenja, ispituje intrinzičnu motivaciju, identificiranu regulaciju, eksternalnu regulaciju i amotivaciju. Rezultati potvrđuju zadovoljavajuću konstruktnu i kriterijsku valjanost hrvatske verzije Skale situacijske motivacije te invarijatnost s obzirom na spol sportaša. S obzirom na važnost tjelesne aktivnosti za zdravlje, potrebno je razumjeti motive koji se nalaze u podlozi vježbanja ili treniranja kako bismo mogli potaknuti ljude na bavljenje sportom i ostanak u sportu, bilo aktivnom ili rekreativnom. Ključne riječi: teorija samoodređenja, Skala situacijske motivacije, motivacija za vježbanje
Reconstruction of fluorophore distribution for fluorescence diffuse tomography based on hybrid model

We propose a novel method for reconstruction of fluorophore spatial distribution in a highly scattering object imaged by means of fluorescence diffuse tomography. The method is based on algebraic reconstruction principle combined with a new theoretical model of light propagation in biotissues and Monte Carlo simulations. Monte Carlo simulations are also implemented for initial data calculations in approbation of the method. The reconstruction method was tested both for simulated and experimental initial data. We demonstrate that the method provides determination of center position of fluorescent inclusion in transversal direction with the accuracy of 1 mm, in-depth direction with the accuracy of 1.5 mm and determination of size of fluorescent inclusion with the accuracy of 1.5 mm.
New Challenges Facing Systemic Therapies of Advanced HCC in the Era of Different First-Line Immunotherapy-Based Combinations

Simple Summary In this review, we detail the data on a new treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. A new combination of therapies, based on immunotherapy, has recently emerged as efficacious treatment. While being very interesting for patients, this raises new questions: how should we select the most appropriate treatment for each patient? What treatment can we offer after failure of these new treatments? How can we develop new combinations? Abstract The standard of care of first-line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently changing with the results of the IMbrave150 trial which are demonstrating superiority of the atezolizumab-bevacizumab combination over sorafenib, modifying this line of treatment for the first time in over 10 years. Recently, other immunotherapy-based combinations (durvalumab-tremelimumab, lenvatinib-pembrolizumab, cabozantinib-atezolizumab, and camrelizumab-rivoceranib) reported results in phase III studies, and might challenge this new standard of care. This revolution will lead to a considerable change in practice, and highlight challenges for future drug development. In this review, we will, firstly, describe results of the different combinations, and discuss the difficulties in selecting the first-line treatment. We will then present the different recommendations about second-line treatment following the first-line immunotherapy-based combination, discussing the rationale for the differences in existing recommendations. We will finally discuss the challenges for future drug development in advanced HCC.
It’s a hoax! The mediating factors of populist climate policy opposition

Abstract Many citizens are sceptical of policies implemented to mitigate climate change. Existing research shows that citizens’ populist beliefs are significant determinants of climate scepticism. However, little is known about the underlying factors driving populist opposition to climate policies. To address this gap in the literature, this study develops structural equation models with new ideological measures using a high-quality probability sample of Dutch citizens (2019). The findings show that the relationship between populist attitudes and climate policy opposition is mediated through two anti-elite dispositions: the idea that climate science is unreliable and the belief that politicians exploit climate change for political gain. This relationship holds for left- and right-wing individuals alike. Moreover, a replication of a recent study shows that these findings hold alongside mechanisms rooted in institutional trust. These findings provide important evidence that populists’ opposition to climate policy is principally rooted in distrust in political and scientific elites.
Promote Intratumoral Drug Release and Penetration to Counteract Docetaxel‐Induced Metastasis by Photosensitizer‐Modified Red Blood Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticle

The red blood cell membrane (RBCm) provides tight protection, lowers the immunogenicity, and prolongs the circulation time of drugs in vivo when acting as the coating of drug delivery systems. However, the cellular uptake and release of drugs are hindered by RBCm. Docetaxel (DTX) is the first‐line medicine for treating triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), but it induces tumor metastasis. To solve these dilemmas, in this study, the photosensitizer 1,1‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3,3‐tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR)‐modified RBCm (DM) is prepared, which is coated onto a hybrid micelle consisting of the prodrugs of DTX and the anti‐metastasis agent calcitriol (CTL), obtaining a nanoparticle, named HDC‐DM. In a 4T1 tumor‐bearing mouse model, after injecting HDC‐DM, the intratumoral DTX and CTL concentrations are increased by 1.7 and 2.5 times compared with the free drug groups. After irradiating tumors with near‐infrared laser, DiR elicits the photothermal effect, triggering the rupture of RBCm and drug release, promoting drug penetration in tumors, and inducing immunogenic cell death. The tumor growth inhibition rate is 77%, and the formation of lung metastases is reduced by 82%, with good biocompatibility. It is suggested that the combination of phototherapy, chemotherapy, and anti‐metastatic therapy using HDC‐DM is expected to be a powerful strategy for treating TNBC.
Dual-Scale Textured Broadband Si-Based Light Absorber

Various antireflective structures and methods are proposed to solve the optical loss of Si-based absorber devices. Dual-scale structures have received more concern from researchers in recent years. In this study, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is employed to investigate deeply the dependence of optical response on the geometric shape and size of structures. The micron cone shows lower reflectivity than other micron structures. Additionally, the lowest reflectivity region moves with the increasing height size of the cone structure. We proposed creatively a nanoripple-cone structure that maintains low reflectivity properties under varying incident angles whether in the visible region or the near-infrared region. Furthermore, the lower reflectivity is obtained with increasing micron cone and decreasing nanoripple. Finally, the dual-scale nanoripple-cone is fabricated directly and cost-effectively by a femtosecond laser instead of a two-step texture-on-texture way. The measured result shows that the high absorption above 98% extends to the mid-infrared region. This study provides directions for the fabrication of wideband Si-based absorber devices to reduce reflectivity, which exhibits a wide application potential and promotes the evolution of multi-laser processing.
Comparative study of the commercial software for sound quality analysis

Sound quality (SQ) is a perceptual or subjective reaction to a sound and its concept becomes one of the important factors that improve the competitive power of a product. Through the various studies related to SQ by psycho-acoustic researchers, models for objective measures that substitute subjective evaluation, called SQ metrics, have been proposed which consider human auditory characteristics. Representative SQ metrics are loudness, sharpness, roughness, and fluctuation strength. For other SQ metrics except loudness, however, the calculation algorithms have not been standardized yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is difference among the commercial software for the calculation of SQ metrics and if any, how much difference exists among them. For this, three kinds of popular commercial software and one self-coded program were chosen and by applying them to some sample sounds, four representative SQ metrics were calculated and compared. As a result, it was confirmed that there are considerable differences among the calculated results of SQ metrics including loudness. This means that it is necessary to standardize SQ metrics as soon as possible before everything else and in addition, to mention used SQ software when an index that can predict SQ is developed or SQ database for any kind of product is created.
Simulation of the effect of evaporation and gas composition during plasma spheroidization of titanium particles

A 3D model was proposed that describes the in-flight behavior of titanium particles in the plasma environment, developed in the commercial CFD Ansys Fluent software, which described the heating of particles. The rate of evaporation was investigated based on the gas compositions, and the mass evaporated on the surface of the particle along the trajectory under plasma conditions. To evaluate the spheroidization rate of titanium particles, the calculated temperature and flow histories were established. Significant heat exchange behaviors are presented due to the variations in hydrogen content and feed rate. The simulation results have demonstrated that the range of 0-4% of H2 and at a low injection feed rate of 3-10 g/min minimized the evaporation rate and increased the spheroidization rate of particles.
Luminescence of black silicon fabricated by high-repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses

We studied the photoluminescence (PL) from black silicon that was fabricated using an 800 nm, 250 kHz femtosecond laser in air. By changing the scan velocity and the fluence of the femtosecond laser, the formation of the PL band between the orange (600 nm) and red bands (near 680 nm) could be controlled. The red band PL from the photoinduced microstructures on the black silicon was observed even without annealing due to the thermal accumulation of high-repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses. The orange band PL was easily quenched under 532 nm cw laser irradiation, whereas the red band PL was more stable; this can be attributed to ''defect luminescence'' and ''quantum confinement'', respectively.
Redshift distribution of QSO Lyman-alpha absorbption systems

The redshift distribution of Ly-alpha absorption lines in quasar spectra is shown to be more complex than is generally believed. In addition to the systematic increase in the density of lines with z(abs), line density also increases by a similar amount as z(em) increases or equivalently as the rest-frame wavelength of the absorbed radiation decreases. There is also a significant and apparently separate lack of Ly-alpha absorption lines in QSO Ly-alpha emission lines at z(abs) = about z(em). There are several plausible causes for these effects, including serious inhomogeneities in published line samples, unidentified H2 absorption lines, photoionization by the individual observed QSOs, the failure of some Ly-alpha absorbing clouds to cover QSO emission-line regions, QSO ejecta, and large-scale (70/h100 Mpc) inhomogeneities in the universe at z = about 2.5. Previously reported estimates of the rate of evolution of the Ly-alpha systems should be considered highly suspect. It is strongly recommended that future observations of Ly-alpha lines be made only at high resolutions of about 0.15 A (10 km/s), since the lower resolutions of 1 A normally employed seem to be totally inadequate for the reliable determination of the Ly-alpha system redshift distribution. 42 references.
Advancing Motivation and Aptitude Research in Relation to Teachers' Practices and Successful L2 Learning Outcomes

The underlying constructs of aptitude and motivation in language learning have been a central topic in SLA research. However, issues investigated in this regard, have not substantially discussed the effect of teachers' practices on learners' motivation and language aptitude. This paper, therefore, argues that novel research is needed to examine the impact of teachers’ classroom practices on stimulating learners to engage effectively in learning and improving their ability to acquire and apply L2 knowledge. Towards this end, a detailed discussion of research findings of some influential SLA work on aptitude and motivation is carried out. The aim is to trace early and recent concepts of research findings on aptitude and motivation and interpret them in the light of their practical and pedagogical relevance to the achievement of L2 learning. Based on the research synthesis, practical implications are devised with the ambition to open a new avenue for future research to examine the effect of teachers' practices on learners' aptitude and motivation and whether such effect correlates positively with foreign/second language learning. The paper ends with classroom recommendations that are meant to keep students motivated and enable them to fully exhibit their language abilities with the hope of maximum attainment in the target language.
Ownership structure and agency costs: Evidence of emerging economy

The core objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ownership structure components on agency costs for 26 firms listed on the Palestine Exchange (PEX) between 2010 and 2019. The fixed-effects model was used to analyze cross-sectional data over time (panel data), and the multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses. The study found a positive, statistically significant effect of both board ownership and ownership concentration on agency costs, this indicates that whenever the ownership of board members in the firms listed on the PEX increases, leads to an increase in agency costs in these firms, reducing the performance of the firm, motivating management to seek to secure its interest and not to maximize the value of the firm. Similarly, whenever ownership increases in the hands of a few investors in the firms listed on the PEX, this leads to an increase in agency costs in these firms, and this relationship may be due to the majority’s ability to exploit the company’s capabilities for their goals and interests. Another main result of the study was a negative, statistically significant effect of institutional ownership on agency costs in the firms listed on the PEX.
Stochastic Nonlinear Equations Describing the Mesoscopic Voltage-Gated Ion Channels

We propose a stochastic nonlinear system to model the gating activity coupled with the membrane potential for a typical neuron. It distinguishes two different levels: a macroscopic one, for the membrane potential, and a mesoscopic one, for the gating process through the movement of its voltage sensors. Such a nonlinear system can be handled to form a Hodgkin-Huxley-like model, which links those two levels unlike the original deterministic Hodgkin-Huxley model which is positioned at a macroscopic scale only. Also, we show that an interacting particle system can be used to approximate our model, which is an approximation technique similar to the jump Markov processes, used to approximate the original Hodgkin-Huxley model.
Polarisation effects in gradient nano-optics

The spectra of reflection of s- and p-polarised waves from gradient nanocoatings at arbitrary angles of incidence are found within the framework of two exactly solvable models of such coatings. To use the detected spectra in the visible and IR ranges, for different frequencies and coating thicknesses we present the wave reflection coefficients as functions of dimensionless frequencies related to the refractive index gradient of the coating material. It is shown that reflection from the gradient coatings in question is an order of magnitude weaker than reflection from uniform coatings, other parameters of radiation and the reflection system being equal. We report a new exactly solvable model illustrating the specific effect of gradient film optics – the possibility of non-reflective propagation of an s-wave through such a film (an analogue of the Brewster effect). The prospects are shown for the use of gradient nanostructures with different refractive index profiles to fabricate broadband non-reflective coatings.
Quantum Hamilton–Jacobi quantization and shape invariance

Quantum Hamilton–Jacobi (QHJ) quantization scheme uses the singularity structure of the potential of a quantum mechanical system to generate its eigenspectrum and eigenfunctions, and its efficacy has been demonstrated for several well known conventional potentials. Using a recent work in supersymmetric quantum mechanics, we prove that the additive shape invariance of all conventional potentials and unbroken supersymmetry are sufficient conditions for their solvability within the QHJ formalism.