Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motion-Egomotion Discrimination and Motion Segmentation from Image-Pair Streams

Given a sequence of image pairs we describe a method that segments the observed scene into static and moving objects while it rejects badly matched points. We show that, using a moving stereo rig, the detection of motion can be solved in a projective framework and therefore requires no camera calibration. Moreover the method allows for articulated objects. First we establish the projective framework enabling us to characterize rigid motion in projective space. This characterization is used in conjunction with a robust estimation technique to determine egomotion. Second we describe a method based on data classification which further considers the non-static scene points and groups them into several moving objects. Third we introduce a stereo-tracking algorithm that provides the point-to-point correspondences needed by the algorithms. Finally we show some experiments involving a moving stereo head observing both static and moving objects.
Cerebral Blood Flow Thresholds for mRNA Synthesis After Focal Ischemia and the Effect of MK-801

Background and Purpose— MK-801 is a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype glutamate receptors with protective efficacy in experimental stroke. This study examined the impact of MK-801 on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its relationship to gene expression changes during focal ischemia. Methods— Spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to surgical occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and ipsilateral common carotid artery after 30 minutes pretreatment with 5 mg/kg MK-801 or saline vehicle. After 2.5 hours of ischemia, regional CBF was evaluated by [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography and compared with distributions of gene expression changes evaluated by in situ hybridization detection of mRNAs encoding several immediate–early genes and the stress protein, hsp72. Results— MK-801 increased CBF in contralateral cortex from 93±15 to 187±37 mL/100 g per minute and produced a significant 25% reduction in the volume of ischemic cortex ipsilateral to occlusion. The extent of cortex failing to express inducible mRNAs correspondingly decreased, but the CBF threshold for mRNA synthesis remained unchanged (25 to 30 mL/100 g per minute). Widespread immediate–early gene expression in the neocortex became restricted to periinfarct regions after MK-801 treatment, and hybridization patterns in the striatum and hippocampus reflected the altered topography of cortical activation after drug treatment. Conclusions— MK-801 alters ischemia-induced gene expression by 2 distinct mechanisms. Generalized increases in CBF reduce the volume of cortex falling below ischemic injury thresholds, protecting tissue and facilitating transcription of inducible genes proximal to the ischemic focus. In addition, MK-801 attenuates the signals that induce expression of immediate–early genes in cortical and subcortical regions remote from the middle cerebral artery territory.
Does that Sound Smell Good? An Experimental Investigation into the use of Verbal Smell References and Cooking Sounds in Radio Advertisements

In an industry plagued by high failure rates and exorbitant amounts spent on marketing, restaurants must find ways to increase the efficiency of their advertising. Present research demonstrates linkages between human senses and emotions and affective responses to marketing stimuli (e.g. Peck and Wiggins, 2006). However, there is presently a dearth of research addressing how advertising can creatively draw upon consumers’ senses to elicit the desired responses by stakeholders (e.g. increased purchase intent). In response to this apparent gap in our inquiry, the purpose of this study is to explore how verbal smell references (e.g. “You can almost smell the smoky and delicious aroma of your steak grilling to perfection” stated in the ad) and congruent cooking sounds (e.g. sizzling sounds for a steakhouse) in radio food advertisements impact consumer sensory perceptions (ability to almost taste and/or almost smell the advertised product), affective response, and purchase intentions. In addition, since current research indicates that olfactory perceptions can vary by gender (e.g. (Doty, Shaman, and Dann, 1983; Cane, 1982), this research tested for gender-based differences in these hypothesized relationships. Regarding procedures, a sequence of two pretests were used to establish the reliability and validity of the verbal smell reference used in this research. In addition to these manipulation
Fuzzy set-based automatic bug triaging: NIER track

Assigning a bug to the right developer is a key in reducing the cost, time, and efforts for developers in a bug fixing process. This assignment process is often referred to as bug triaging. In this paper, we propose Bugzie, a novel approach for automatic bug triaging based on fuzzy set-based modeling of bug-fixing expertise of developers. Bugzie considers a system to have multiple technical aspects, each is associated with technical terms. Then, it uses a fuzzy set to represent the developers who are capable/competent of fixing the bugs relevant to each term. The membership function of a developer in a fuzzy set is calculated via the terms extracted from the bug reports that (s)he has fixed, and the function is updated as new fixed reports are available. For a new bug report, its terms are extracted and corresponding fuzzy sets are union'ed. Potential fixers will be recommended based on their membership scores in the union'ed fuzzy set. Our preliminary results show that Bugzie achieves higher accuracy and efficiency than other state-of-the-art approaches.
A look at five braille printers

This article reports on an evaluation conducted by AFB's National Technology Center of five braille printers, each priced under $5,500: Index, MBOSS-1, Ohtsuki BT-5000, Romeo RB-20 and VersaPoint BPlA. The evaluation is based on data collected from a panel of 3 7 blind or visually impaired people and on extensive testing by an AFB 's staff of evaluators. The printers were tested using an IBM PC-AT and were run using the serial and parallel ports on the AT. DOS commands were used to send the information to the printers from files created on a standard word processor and translated to Grade II braille with the Duxbury translation system. It is important to note that some printers offer features that others do not. For example, the Ohtsuki printer can produce braille alone, print alone, and braille and print concurrently. Therefore, when you contemplate purchasing a printer, it is critical to look at the intended applications to see if the printer can readily support the specific application. The following are key questions that you should ask when examining a printer. • Are acoustic enclosures available? All braille printers are noisy (sound measurements in this evaluation were made without acoustic enclosures). • How large is the buffer? When printing long documents, an ample buffer can make the computer accessible long before the actual printing is completed. Work can be continued without interrupting the printing process. • Does the quality of braille fall within the standards set by the Library of Congress? • ls it easy to load the printer with paper? • How fast does the printer print? • Is the control panel accessible and marked tactually for easy use? • How easily are the parameters changed? • For what applications will the printer be used? • What additional capabilities are available? In addition to 6-dot braille, some printers can produce 8-dot braille and graphics and have built-in translation programs. • What type of warranty does the manufacturer provide?
Therapist momentary experiences of disconnection with clients

ABSTRACT Therapist in-session experiences of momentary disconnection from clients have not been previously studied. Four person-centered therapists participated in semi-structured in-depth one-to-one interviews to investigate the nature of these experiences. Using grounded theory analyses and drawing on concepts from emotion-focused therapy and pre-therapy, we identified four types of therapist disconnection process in reaction to difficult client process: becoming overwhelmed by a painful client memory; overidentifying with an embodied client feeling; frustration over the pursuit of a disengaged client; and taking on too much responsibility for a client’s stuckness. They thus involved therapist overinvolvement, which led to emotional dysregulation followed by preoccupying secondary reactive emotions such as grief, panic or guilt at their disconnection. Coping with the trigger by disconnecting and becoming incongruent evoked a conflict between participants’ professional role and their personal needs. By becoming congruent again, therapists were able to reengage with their clients and could reattend to clients’ frames of reference. Participants identified therapist self-insight and self-care as key factors for preventing future disconnection.
Influence of Maternal Immunization with Allergens on the Thymic Maturation of Lymphocytes with Regulatory Potential in Children: A Broad Field for Further Exploration

A variety of mechanisms are involved in the regulation of offspring allergy development through maternal immunization with allergens. The passive transfer of antigens, antibodies, and cytokines, the induction of phenotypic alterations in offspring lymphocytes, and the induction of regulatory populations in offspring have been proposed, but these mechanisms remain incompletely understood. It is likely that maternal immunization could affect the intrathymic maturation of offspring TCD4+, TCD8+, γδT, nTreg, iNKT, and B lymphocytes, although there are currently no human maternal immunization protocols for the regulation of allergic responses in children. Some studies have suggested a direct interaction between the maternal immune status and the offspring intrathymic microenvironment; this interaction could influence the maturation of offspring regulatory cells and must be explored for the development of therapies to control allergy development in children.
Method for Maximizing Bichromatic Reverse Nearest Neighbor in Road Networks

The problem of optimal location query in road networks is proposed in this paper. Use of the idea of maximizing bichromatic reverse nearest neighbor, the optimal location set that attracts the largest number of clients in the road network is found, where the user can choose appropriate location and establish new service point. To address this problem, effective point set of all single-client point set and all boundary points are found with the Dijkstra algorithm. All boundary points are used to determine the multi-client point set whose effective point set may not be empty. The effective point set of the multiclient point set with the maximum weight sum is calculated. Based on this, the optimal location set is found. Finally, the experimental results show that the method is efficient and effective.
Simple Robust r − α Tracking Controllers for Uncertain Fully-Actuated Mechanical Systems

We consider the problem of designing robust tracking controllers for uncertain fully-actuated mechanical systems. We propose controllers which are robust r - α tracking controllers in the following sense. For a prespecified rate of convergence α > 0 and a prespecified tolerance r > 0, a proposed controller guarantees that the system's trajectory exponentially converges to any desired trajectory with rate α and to within the tolerance r. Controller design is based on Lyapunov functions. The main advantage of these controllers is their simplicity. These controllers do not use the regressor matrix made popular in the area of robotic control which makes them simple to implement. Application to a two-link robotic manipulator is presented. Numerical simulation results are included.
A new constraint on the time dependence of the proton-to-electron mass ratio - Analysis of the Q 0347-383 and Q 0405-443 spectra

A new limit on the possible cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio $\mu=m_{\rm p}/m_{\rm e}$ is estimated by measuring wavelengths of H 2 lines of Lyman and Werner bands from two absorption systems at $z_{\rm abs}=2.5947$ and 3.0249 in the spectra of quasars Q 0405-443 and Q 0347-383, respectively. Data are of the highest spectral resolution ( R = 53 000) and S/N ratio (30$\div$70) for this kind of study. We search for any correlation between z i , the redshift of observed lines, determined using laboratory wavelengths as references, and K i , the sensitivity coefficient of the lines to a change of μ , that could be interpreted as a variation of μ over the corresponding cosmological time. We use two sets of laboratory wavelengths, the first one, Set (A) (Abgrall et al. 1993, J. Mol. Spec., 157, 512), based on experimental determination of energy levels and the second one, Set (P) (Philip et al. 2004, Can. J. Chem., 82, 713), based on new laboratory measurements of some individual rest-wavelengths. We find $\Delta\mu$/ μ = (3.05 ± 0.75) $\times$ 10 -5 for Set (A), and $\Delta\mu$/ μ = (1.65 ± 0.74) $\times$ 10 -5 for Set (P). The second determination is the most stringent limit on the variation of μ over the last 12 Gyr ever obtained. The correlation found using Set (A) seems to show that some amount of systematic error is hidden in the determination of energy levels of the H 2 molecule.
Limits for Antibody Affinity Maturation and Repertoire Diversification in Hypervaccinated Humans

The immune system is known to generate a diverse panel of high-affinity Abs by adaptively improving the recognition of pathogens during ongoing immune responses. In this study, we report the biological limits for Ag-driven affinity maturation and repertoire diversification by analyzing Ab repertoires in two adult volunteers after each of three consecutive booster vaccinations with tetanus toxoid. Maturation of on-rates and off-rates occurred independently, indicating a kinetically controlled affinity maturation process. The third vaccination induced no significant changes in the distribution of somatic mutations and binding rate constants implying that the limits for affinity maturation and repertoire diversification had been reached. These fully matured Ab repertoires remained similar in size, genetically diverse, and dynamic. Somatic mutations and kinetic rate constants showed normal and log-normal distribution profiles, respectively. Mean values can therefore be considered as biological constants defining the observed boundaries. At physiological temperature, affinity maturation peaked at kon = 1.6 × 104 M−1 s−1 and koff = 1.7 × 10−4 s−1 leading to a maximum mean affinity of KD = 1.0 × 10−9 M. At ambient temperature, the average affinity increased to KD = 3.4 × 10−10 M mainly due to slower off-rates. This experimentally determined set of constants can be used as a benchmark for analysis of the maturation level of human Abs and Ab responses.
Rule based features selection for the performance improvement of face recognition system

Face recognition is one of the important applications of image processing and it has gained significant attention in wide range of law enforcement areas in which security is the prime concern. Face image is most popular non-intrusive and non-invasive biometrics whose image can easily be taken without user co-operation. Although the existing automated machine recognition systems have certain level of maturity but their accomplishments are limited due to real time challenges and face recognition systems are impressively sensitive to appearance variations due to lighting, expression and aging. The major metric in modeling the performance of a face recognition system is its accuracy of recognition. This paper proposes a novel method which improves the recognition accuracy as well as avoids face datasets being tampered through image splicing techniques. It also avoids generalizability problem which is caused due to subspace discriminant analysis or statistical learning procedure by using a non-statistical procedure which avoids training step for face samples. This proposed method performs well with images with partial occlusion and images with lighting variations as the local patch of the face is divided into several different patches. The performance improvement is shown considerably high in terms of recognition rate and storage space by storing train images in compressed domain and selecting significant features from superset if feature vectors for actual recognition.
Automated testing of GUI applications: Models, tools, and controlling flakiness

System testing of applications with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) such as web browsers, desktop, or mobile apps, is more complex than testing from the command line. Specialized tools are needed to generate and run test cases, models are needed to quantify behavioral coverage, and changes in the environment, such as the operating system, virtual machine or system load, as well as starting states of the executions, impact the repeatability of the outcome of tests making tests appear flaky. In this tutorial, we present an overview of the state of the art in GUI testing, consisting of both lectures and demonstrations on various platforms (desktop, web and mobile applications), using an open source testing tool, GUITAR. We show how to setup a system under test, how to extract models without source code, and how to then use those models to generate and replay test cases. We then present a lecture on the various factors that may cause flakiness in the execution of GUI-centric software, and hence impact the results of analyses and experiments based on such software. We end with a demonstration of a community resource for sharing GUI testing artifacts aimed at controlling these factors. This tutorial targets both researchers who develop techniques for testing GUI software, and practitioners from industry who want to learn more about model-based GUI testing or who run and rerun GUI tests and often find their runs are flaky.
Effekt av å benytte sosiale medier i kampanjer for å fremme sunne levevaner

fremme helse. Denne systematiske oversikten undersøker om bruk av sosiale medier i helserettede kampanjer kan påvirke til sunne levevaner knyttet til ernæring, fysisk aktivitet, tobakk eller alkohol. Vi inkluderte syv studier. Det var svært mange ulike intervensjoner, og de fl este sammenligningene og utfallene ble målt kun av én liten studie. • Å stimulere til sunne levevaner er viktig i arbeidet med å forebygge sykdom og fremme helse. Denne systematiske oversikten undersøker om bruk av sosiale medier i helserettede kampanjer kan påvirke til sunne levevaner knyttet til ernæring, fysisk aktivitet, tobakk eller alkohol. Vi inkluderte syv studier. Det var svært mange ulike intervensjoner, og de fl este sammenligningene og utfallene ble målt kun av én liten studie. • Flere studier kombinerte online sosiale nettverk med andre tiltak, sammenlignet med ingen informasjonUtfallsmålene var endring i kunnskap, holdninger, atferd, matvaner, vekt, energiog fettinntak, mestringsforventning og deling Effekt av å benytte sosiale medier i kampanjer for å fremme sunne levevaner
Data and text mining Automatic extraction of gene / protein biological functions from biomedical text

Motivation: With the rapid advancement of biomedical science and the development of high-throughput analysis methods, the extraction of various types of information from biomedical text has become critical. Since automatic functional annotations of genes are quite useful for interpreting large amounts of high-throughput data efficiently, the demand for automatic extraction of information related to gene functions from text has been increasing. Results: We have developed a method for automatically extracting the biological process functions of genes/protein/ families based on Gene Ontology (GO) from text using a shallow parser and sentence structure analysis techniques. When the gene/protein/family names and their functions are described in ACTOR (doer of action) and OBJECT (receiver of action) relationships, the corresponding GO-IDs are assigned to the genes/proteins/families. The gene/protein/family names are recognized using the gene/protein/family name dictionaries developed by our group. To achieve wide recognition of the gene/protein/family functions, we semi-automatically gather functional terms based on GO using co-occurrence, collocation similarities and rule-based techniques. A preliminary experiment demonstrated that our method has an estimated recall of 54–64% with a precision of 91–94% for actually described functions in abstracts. When applied to the PUBMED, it extracted over 190 000 gene–GO relationships and 150 000 family–GO relationships for major eukaryotes. Availability: The extracted gene functions are available at http://prime.ontology. ims.u-tokyo.ac. jp Contact: akoike@hgc.jp
Efficacy of 13 medicinal plants used by indigenous communities around Lake Victoria, Kenya, against tuberculosis, diarrhoea aausing bacteria and candida albicans

Aims: To investigate Crude methanol extracts of 13 medicinal plants obtained through an ethnobotanical survey against 4 strains of mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis), Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Antimycobacterial susceptibility tests were carried out using BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and phytochemical properties was done using standard procedures. Results and Discussion: All the plant extracts inhibited mycobacterial growth at 2.0 mg/mL. Carissa edulis and Vernonia amygdalina were the most potent against M. smegmatis and M. fortuitum, completely inhibiting their Mariita et al. /International Journal Of Pharmacy&Technology IJPT | Sep-2010 | Vol. 2 | Issue No.3 | 771-791 Page 772 growth (Zero GUs) at all concentrations used. Toddalia asiatica had high inhibitory activity (Zero GUs) against M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii at all concentrations used. There was a significant difference on general antibacterial results of the extracts at P≤0.05 against other test cultures. The most potent antibacterial extract was from Toddalia asiatica with an MIC and MBC of 9.375 mg/mL. Carissa edulis and Momordica charantia both produced MICs and MBCs of 37.5 mg/mL against S. typhi and S. aureus. Lantana camara produced MICs and MBCs of 37.5 mg/mL against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Preliminary phytochemistry identified six phytochemicals with flavonoids being found in all extracts. Conclusion: The data suggests that methanolic extracts of some of the plant species can be used against several microbial agents. Further work on them is underway.
GLOBAL MONOTONICITY OF VALUES OF COOPERATIVE GAMES { An argument supporting the explanatory power of Shapley ' s approach

In 1953, Shapley proposed a solution concept for cooperative games with transferable utility. The Shapley value is a unique function which obeys three axioms { symmetry, e ciency and additivity. The aim of our article is to provide a new axiomatic approach which classi es the existing values (indices). Shapley's e ciency and symmetry conditions are kept whereas the additivity axiom is replaced by the axiom of global monotonicity. The Shapley value satis es the new set of axioms. Some other values (indices) also satisfy the new set of axioms. However, our extension of the set of acceptable values (indices) excludes the Banzhaf-Coleman and Holler-Packel indices.