Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effect of Group Transdiagnostic Therapy and Group Cognitive Therapy on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms

Background: The cognitive behavioral interventions based on the transdiagnostic approach for emotional disorders have received useful empirical supports in recent years. Most of the researches on this area have been conducted without any control group. Moreover, little information about comparative effectiveness has reported. The current study was compared transdiagnostic group therapy with classical cognitive group therapy. Methods: Thirty three collages students with anxiety and depressive symptoms participated in eight two-hour sessions in Akhavan Hospital, Tehran, Iran during May and June 2011. The results were analyzed by The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and Work and Social Adjustment Scale in pre and post intervention. Results: Both groups showed the significant difference in research variables pre and post test. However, there was no significant difference in the results analysis using ACOVAs except for anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The effectiveness of transdiagnostic group therapy was confirmed in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Implications of the study are discussed.
Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential

The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) led to a rapid response not only to contain the outbreak but also to identify possible therapeutic interventions, including the generation of human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs). hmAbs may be used therapeutically without the drawbacks of chimeric or animal Abs. Several different methods have been used to generate SARS‐CoV specific neutralizing hmAbs including the immunization of transgenic mice, cloning of small chain variable regions from naïve and convalescent patients, and the immortalization of convalescent B cells. Irrespective of the techniques used, the majority of hmAbs specifically reacted with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein and likely prevented receptor binding. However, several hmAbs that can bind to epitopes either within the RBD, located N terminal of the RBD or in the S2 domain, and neutralize the virus with or without inhibiting receptor binding have been identified. Therapeutic utility of hmAbs has been further elucidated through the identification of potential combinations of hmAbs that could neutralize viral variants including escape mutants selected using hmAbs. These results suggest that a cocktail of hmAbs that can bind to unique epitopes and have different mechanisms of action might be of clinical utility against SARS‐CoV infection, and indicate that a similar approach may be applied to treat other viral infections. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability in the Magnitude of the Cerebral Blood Flow Response and the Shape of the Cerebral Blood Flow: Pressure Autoregulation Curve during Hypotension in Normal Rats

Background The maintenance of constant cerebral blood flow (CBF) as mean cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) varies is commonly referred to as CBF-pressure autoregulation. The lower limit of autoregulation is the CPP at which the vasodilatory capacity is exhausted and flow falls with pressure. We evaluated variability in the magnitude of percent change in CBF during the hypotensive portion of the autoregulatory curve. We hypothesize that this variability, in normal animals, obeys a Gaussian distribution and characterizes a vasodilatory mechanism that is inherently different from that described by the lower limit. Methods Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with 0.5–1% halothane and 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Body temperature was maintained at 37°C. Using a closed, superfused cranial window, CBF (as % of control) was determined using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) through the window with the intracranial pressure set at 10 mmHg. Animals with low vascular reactivity to inhaled carbon dioxide and superfused adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or acetylcholine were excluded. MABP was sequentially lowered by exsanguination to 100, 85, 70, 55, and 40 mmHg. Using the %CBF versus CPP plots for each curve (1) the lower limit of autoregulation was identified; (2) the pattern of autoregulation was classified as “peak” (a rise in LDF flow of at least 15% as arterial pressure was dropped), “classic” (plateau with a fall), or “none” (a fall in LDF flow of greater than 15%); (3) the area under the autoregulatory curve between CPPs of 30 and 90 mmHg was calculated; and (4) the magnitude of the %CBF response to hypotension was assessed by determining the %CBF at a CPP of 60 mmHg (%CBFCPP60). Results Of the 65 curves, 21 had the peak pattern, 33 the classic pattern, and 11 the none pattern. The %CBFCPP60 and autoregulatory area displayed Gaussian distributions, consistent with normal variability. Although %CBFCPP60, autoregulatory area, and pattern were significantly correlated (r or &rgr; > 0.84, P < 0.001), the lower limit correlated weakly with autoregulatory area (r = 0.34, P = 0.012), and not at all with autoregulatory pattern or %CBFCPP60. Conclusions The %CBFCPP60 measures an aspect of the autoregulatory curve that is distinct from the lower limit. The peak autoregulatory pattern indicates that vessels are dilating more than is necessary to maintain a plateau in response to the pressure decrease, whereas the none pattern existed in spite of acceptable vascular responses to inhaled carbon dioxide and superfused ADP or ACh and the lack of surgical trauma. These results provide a different view of autoregulation during hypotension, are most likely dependent on the highly regional CBF method used, and could have implications concerning potential cerebral ischemia and hypotension during anesthesia.
Securing Cloud From Ddos Attacks Using Intrusion Detection System In Virtual Machine

Cloud Computing is the newly emerged technology of Distributed Computing System. Cloud Computing user concentrate on API security & provide services to its consumers in multitenant environment into three layers namely, Software as a service, Platform as a service and Infrastructure as a service, with the help of web services. It provides service facilities to its consumers on demand . These service provided can easily invites attacker to attack by Saas ,Paas, Iaas. Since the resources are gathered at one place in data centers in cloud computing, the DDOS attacks such as HTTP & XML in this environment is dangerous & provides harmful effects and also all consumer will be affected at the same time. These attacks can be resolved & detected by a proposed methodology, "Securing cloud from DDOS attack s using intrusion detection system in virtual machine". In this methodology, this problem can be overcome by using proposed system. The different kinds of vulnerabilities are detected in proposed system. The SOAP request makes the communication between the client and the service provider. Through the Service Oriented Traceback Architecture the SOAP request is send to the cloud. In this architecture service oriented trace back mark is present which contain proxy within it. The proxy that marks the incoming packets with source message identification to identify the real client. Then the SOAP message is travelled via XDetector. The XDetectors used to monitors and filters the DDoS attacks such as HTTP and XML DDoS attack. Finally the filtered real clinet message is transferred to the cloud service provider and the corresponding services is given to the client in secured manner . Keywords-REST, Network security, Distributed Denial of Service Attacks, Cloud Computing, SaaS, Paas, IaaS.
Number of Occurrences of powers in Strings

We show a Θ(n log n) bound on the maximal number of occurrences of primitively-rooted k-th powers occurring in a string of length n for any integer k, k ≥ 2. We also show a Θ(n2) bound on the maximal number of primitively-rooted powers with fractional exponent e, 1 < e < 2, occurring in a string of length n. This result holds obviously for their maximal number of occurrences. The first result contrasts with the linear number of occurrences of maximal repetitions of exponent at least 2.
Ethical Issues Associated With the Assessment of Exaggeration, Poor Effort, and Malingering

The use of effort tests is standard practice in forensic neuropsychology. There is a tremendous amount of good information available in test manuals and the research literature regarding the proper and responsible use of these tests. However, it is clear that there are numerous ethical issues and considerations associated with the assessment of exaggeration, poor effort, and malingering. Many of these issues are discussed, and recommendations are provided.
Estimation of the basic reproductive number (R0) for epidemic, highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 spread

SUMMARY Three different methods were used for estimating the basic reproductive number (R0) from data on 110 outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 that occurred in village poultry in Romania, 12 May to 6 June 2006. We assumed a village-level infectious period of 7 days. The methods applied were GIS-based identification of nearest infectious neighbour (based on either Euclidean or road distance), the method of epidemic doubling time, and a susceptible–infectious (SI) modelling approach. In general, the estimated basic reproductive numbers were consistent: 2·14, 1·95, 2·68 and 2·21, respectively. Although the true basic reproductive number in this epidemic is unknown, results suggest that the use of a range of methods might be useful for characterizing epidemics of infectious diseases. Once the basic reproductive number has been estimated, better control strategies and targeted surveillance programmes can be designed.
Structural Determinants of Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Important for Its Calcium-mobilizing Activity*

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) mobilizes Ca2+ through a mechanism totally independent of cyclic ADP-ribose or inositol trisphosphate. The structural determinants important for its Ca2+ release activity were investigated using a series of analogs. It is shown that changing the 3-carboxyl group of the nicotinic acid (NA) moiety in NAADP to either an uncharged carbinol or from the 3-position to the 4-position of the pyridine ring totally eliminates the Ca2+release activity. Conversion of the 3-carboxyl to other negatively charged groups, either 3-sulfonate, 3-acetate, or 3-quinoline carboxylate, retains the Ca2+ release activity, although their half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) are 100–200-fold higher. Changing the 6-amino group of the adenine to a hydroxyl group results in more than a 1000-fold decrease in the Ca2+ release activity. Conversion of the 2′-phosphate to 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate or 3′-phosphate likewise increases the EC50 by about 5- and 20-fold, respectively. Similar to NAADP, all of the active analogs can also desensitize the Ca2+ release mechanism at subthreshold concentrations, suggesting that this novel property is intrinsic to the release mechanism. The series of analogs used was produced by using ADP-ribosyl cyclase to catalyze the exchange of the nicotinamide group of various analogs of NADP with various analogs of NA. An important determinant in NA that is crucial to the base exchange reaction was shown to be the 2-position of the pyridine ring. Neither pyridine-2-carboxylate nor 2-methyl-NA support the exchange reaction. The negative charge and the position of the 3-carboxyl group are nonessential since both pyridine-3-carbinol and pyridine-4-carboxylate support the base exchange reaction. In addition to the information on the structure-activity relationships of NAADP and NA, this study also demonstrates the utility of the base exchange reaction as a general approach for synthesizing NAADP analogs.
A 1.6 ppm/°C bandgap voltage reference for an extended operating temperature range

A new CMOS bandgap voltage reference (BGR) is proposed and simulated using Silterra 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The proposed BGR utilizes 3 curvature-corrected current generators that compensate for the output voltage variation in an extended temperature range. The proposed circuit generates an output voltage of 1.181 V with a variation of 380 μV from ! 50 °C to 150 °C.
Human-Aware Interaction: A Memory-inspired Artificial Cognitive Architecture

In this work we aim to develop a human-aware cognitive architecture to support human-robot interaction. Human-aware means that the robot needs to understand the complete state of the human (physical, intentional and emotional) and interacts (actions and goals) in a humancognitive way. This is motivated by the fact that a human interacting with a robot tends to anthropomorphize the robotic partner. That is, humans project a (cognitive, emotional) mind to their interactive partner, and expect a human-like response. Therefore, we intend to include procedural and declarative memory, a knowledge base and reasoning (on knowledge base and actions) into the artificial cognitive architecture. Evaluation of the architecture is planned with a Care-O-Bot 4.
Pretransplant Hepatitis B Viral Infection Increases Risk of Death After Kidney Transplantation

AbstractClinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) have not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we investigated recent posttransplant clinical outcomes of KTRs with HBV and compared them with KTRs with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and seronegative KTRs.Of 3855 KTRs from April 1999 to December 2011, we enrolled 3482 KTRs who had viral hepatitis serology data; the patients were followed up for 89.1 ± 54.1 months. The numbers of recipients with HBV and HCV were 160 (4.6%) and 55 (1.6%), respectively. We analyzed the clinical outcomes, including overall mortality and graft failure, among patients who had undergone kidney transplantation.Patients with HBV showed poorer survival (P = 0.019; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.370; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.155–4.865) than KTRs without HBV. However, the graft survival of patients with chronic hepatitis B did not differ from that of patients without HBV. Hepatic complications were the primary causes of mortality of KTRs with HBV. Mortality significantly correlated with a higher grade of inflammation (P = 0.002) and with the use of lamivudine or adefovir antiviral treatment (P = 0.016). HBV-positive KTRs treated with the new-generation antiviral agent entecavir showed improved patient survival compared with KTRs receiving lamivudine (log-rank P = 0.050). HCV did not affect patient survival; however, it increased the incidence of graft failure (P = 0.010; adjusted HR = 2.899; 95% CI: 1.289–6.519). KTRs with HCV had an increased incidence of acute rejection (log-rank P = 0.005, crude HR = 2.144; 95% CI: 1.341–3.426; P = 0.001). KTRs with chronic hepatitis B may exhibit poor survival due to post-transplantation hepatic complications. Pretransplant histological liver evaluations and adequate antiviral management with potent nucleoside/nucleotide analogues are needed to improve the survival of KTRs with chronic hepatitis B even when liver function is within the normal range.
The Relative Importance of Low Significance Level and High Power in Multiple Tests of Significance

When several statistical hypotheses are tested in a study to answer a single research question or to test a single scientific hypothesis, interpretation of the results may be difficult because Type 1 error probabilities cumulate. Researchers often try to solve this problem by reducing the significance level for each test or by applying a multiple-comparison procedure for means. For a constant number of observations, both strategies result in a lower power for each test or comparison of interest, however. Two well-known psychological experiments are reanalyzed in this respect. It is shown that low probabilities of Type 1 error should be given a higher priority only if the scientific hypothesis under scrutiny implies that all null hypotheses of the tests of significance are valid. More often, however, the research hypothesis is supported completely if all alternative hypotheses are accepted. In this case, a high power for each single test is more important than a low significance level.
Gadolinium-Doped Gallic Acid-Zinc/Aluminium-Layered Double Hydroxide/Gold Theranostic Nanoparticles for a Bimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Drug Delivery System

We have developed gadolinium-based theranostic nanoparticles for co-delivery of drug and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent using Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide as the nanocarrier platform, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, gallic acid (GA) as therapeutic agent, and Gd(NO3)3 as diagnostic agent. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown on the system to support the contrast for MRI imaging. The nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as Hi-TEM, XRD, ICP-ES. Kinetic release study of the GA from the nanoparticles showed about 70% of GA was released over a period of 72 h. The in vitro cell viability test for the nanoparticles showed relatively low toxicity to human cell lines (3T3) and improved toxicity on cancerous cell lines (HepG2). A preliminary contrast property test of the nanoparticles, tested on a 3 Tesla MRI machine at various concentrations of GAGZAu and water (as a reference) indicates that the nanoparticles have a promising dual diagnostic and therapeutic features to further develop a better future for clinical remedy for cancer treatment.
Switching-function-based simulation model for three-phase voltage source inverter taking dead-time effects into account

In this paper, a switching-function-based simulation model for a three-phase two-level voltage source inverter is developed. A novelty of this paper is the description how dead-time effects, caused by the necessary blanking-time, can be taken into account in the switching-function-based model. The proposed method makes it possible to study how the dead-time effects affect the behavior of the system without using simulation models constructed from ideal or detailed device models. Dead-time effects are taken into account by introducing a virtual gating signal that represents the time intervals during which both the upper and lower gating signals are off. The switching function during the blanking-time is then obtained by multiplying the virtual gating signal with the sign of the phase current. The simulation results from a single inverter system and a parallel inverter system are shown and compared with the simulation results obtained from the ideal device models to verify the validity of the developed models.
Monolithically integrated tunable laser source operating at 2µm for gas sensing applications

A tunable laser operating from 2015 - 2040 nm realized as a monolithic InP photonic integrated circuit is presented. The laser uses an intracavity tuning mechanism based on parallel asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers with electro-refractive modulators. The device is intended for a single line gas spectroscopy and was designed and fabricated using a generic integration technology platform.
A Ki67/BCL2 index based on immunohistochemistry is highly prognostic in ER‐positive breast cancer

There is an urgent need to improve prognostic classifiers in breast cancer. Ki67 and B‐cell lymphoma 2 protein (BCL2) are established prognostic markers which have traditionally been assessed separately, in a dichotomous manner. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that combinatorial assessment of these markers would provide superior prognostic information and improve their clinical utility. Tissue microarrays were used to assess the expression of Ki67 and BCL2 in 2749 cases of invasive breast cancer. We devised a Ki67/BCL2 index representing the relative expression of each protein and assessed its association with breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) using a Cox proportional‐hazards model. Based on our findings, an independent cohort of 3992 cases was used to validate the prognostic significance of the Ki67/BCL2 index. All survival analyses were conducted on complete data as well as data where missing values were resolved using multiple imputation. This study complied with reporting recommendations for tumour marker prognostic studies (REMARK) criteria. The Ki67/BCL2 index showed a significant association with BCSS at 10 years in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive disease. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for major clinical and molecular markers, the Ki67/BCL2 index retained prognostic significance, robustly classifying cases into three risk groups [intermediate‐ versus low‐risk hazard ratio (HR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0–2.0; p = 0.031; high‐ versus low‐risk HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.0; p = 0.005]. This finding was validated in an independent cohort of 3992 tumours containing 2761 ER‐positive tumours (intermediate‐ versus low‐risk HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.1; p < 0.001; high‐ versus low‐risk HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4–2.9; p < 0.001). Ki67 and BCL2 can be effectively combined to produce an index which is an independent predictor of BCSS in ER‐positive breast cancer, enhancing their potential prognostic utility. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene duplications in evolution of archaeal family B DNA polymerases

All archaeal DNA-dependent DNA polymerases sequenced to date are homologous to family B DNA polymerases from eukaryotes and eubacteria. Presently, representatives of the euryarchaeote division of archaea appear to have a single family B DNA polymerase, whereas two crenarchaeotes, Pyrodictium occultum and Sulfolobus solfataricus, each possess two family B DNA polymerases. We have found the gene for yet a third family B DNA polymerase, designated B3, in the crenarchaeote S. solfataricus P2. The encoded protein is highly divergent at the amino acid level from the previously characterized family B polymerases in S. solfataricus P2 and contains a number of nonconserved amino acid substitutions in catalytic domains. We have cloned and sequenced the ortholog of this gene from the closely related Sulfolobus shibatae. It is also highly divergent from other archaeal family B DNA polymerases and, surprisingly, from the S. solfataricus B3 ortholog. Phylogenetic analysis using all available archaeal family B DNA polymerases suggests that the S. solfataricus P2 B3 and S. shibatae B3 paralogs are related to one of the two DNA polymerases of P. occultum. These sequences are members of a group which includes all euryarchaeote family B homologs, while the remaining crenarchaeote sequences form another distinct group. Archaeal family B DNA polymerases together constitute a monophyletic subfamily whose evolution has been characterized by a number of gene duplication events.
Additional tests of utility theory under unique and repeated conditions

A fundamental postulate of utility theory is its independence of long-run considerations. Consequently, unique and repeated gambles are supposed to be treated alike. Recent empirical studies (e.g. Keren and Wagenaar, 1987; Montgomery and Adelbratt, 1982; Wedell and Bockenholt, 1989) cast doubt on the descriptive adequacy of this assumption. Additional empirical evidence is presented, supporting the claim that people exhibit different patterns of choice under unique and repeated gambles. Potential explanations for these findings are briefly discussed.