Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE FOR NONLINEAR GROWTH OF STRUCTURE FROM AN X-RAY-SELECTED CLUSTER SURVEY USING A NOVEL JOINT ANALYSIS OF THE CHANDRA AND XMM-NEWTON ARCHIVES

We present a large X-ray-selected serendipitous cluster survey based on a novel joint analysis of archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data. The survey provides enough depth to reach clusters of flux of ≈10−14ergcm−2s−1 near z≈ 1 and simultaneously a large-enough sample to find evidence for the strong evolution of clusters expected from structure formation theory. We detected a total of 723 clusters of which 462 are newly discovered clusters with greater than 6σ significance. In addition, we also detect and measure 261 previously known clusters and groups that can be used to calibrate the survey. The survey exploits a technique that combines the exquisite Chandra imaging quality with the high throughput of the XMM-Newton telescopes using overlapping survey regions. A large fraction of the contamination from active galactic nucleus point sources is mitigated by using this technique. This results in a higher sensitivity for finding clusters of galaxies with relatively few photons and a large part of our survey has a flux sensitivity between 10−14 and 10−15ergcm−2s−1. The survey covers 41.2 deg2 of overlapping Chandra and XMM-Newton fields and 122.2 deg2 of non-overlapping Chandra data. We measure the log N–log S distribution and fit it with a redshift-dependent model characterized by a luminosity distribution proportional to . We find z0 to be in the range 0.7–1.3, indicative of rapid cluster evolution, as expected for cosmic structure formation using parameters appropriate to the concordance cosmological model. Confirmation of our cluster detection efficiency through optical follow-up studies currently in progress will help to strengthen this conclusion and eventually allow to use these data to derive tight constraints on cosmological parameters.
Subwavelength total acoustic absorption with degenerate resonators

We report the experimental realization of perfect sound absorption by sub-wavelength monopole and dipole resonators that exhibit degenerate resonant frequencies. This is achieved through the destructive interference of two resonators' transmission responses, while the matching of their averaged impedances to that of air implies no backscattering, thereby leading to total absorption. Two examples, both using decorated membrane resonators (DMRs) as the basic units, are presented. The first is a flat panel comprising a DMR and a pair of coupled DMRs, while the second one is a ventilated short tube containing a DMR in conjunction with a sidewall DMR backed by a cavity. In both examples, near perfect absorption, up to 99.7%, has been observed with the airborne wavelength up to 1.2 m, which is at least an order of magnitude larger than the composite absorber. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.
Planets and Dark Energy

Self-gravitational fluid mechanical methods termed hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) predict plasma fragmentation 0.03 Myr after the turbulent big bang to form protosuperclustervoids, turbulent protosuperclusters, and protogalaxies at the 0.3 Myr transition from plasma to gas. Linear protogalaxyclusters fragment at 0.003 Mpc viscous-inertial scales along turbulent vortex lines or in spirals, as observed. The plasma protogalaxies fragment on transition into white-hot planet-mass gas clouds (PFPs) in million- solar-mass clumps (PGCs) that become globular-star-clusters (GCs) from tidal forces or dark matter (PGCs) by freezing and diffu- sion into 0.3 Mpc halos with 97% of the galaxy mass. The weakly collisional non-baryonic dark matter diffuses to > Mpc scales and fragments to form galaxy cluster halos. Stars and larger planets form by binary mergers of the trillion PFPs per PGC, mostly on 0.03 Mpc galaxy accretion disks. Stars deaths depend on rates of planet accretion and internal star mixing. Moderate accretion rates pro- duce white dwarfs that evaporate surrounding gas planets by spin-radiation to form planetary nebulae before Supernova Ia events, dimming some events to give systematic distance errors, the dark energy hypothesis, and overestimates of the universe age.
Implementation challenges of blockchain technology in closed-loop supply chain: A Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management perspective in developing countries

ABSTRACT Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) activities ensure flawless Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management by the usage of IoT and Blockchain technology (BCT) is proven as an effective and sustainable solution among developed countries. However, implementation challenges including data integrity, accessibility, and reluctance to change restrict the potential of these digital technologies in developing countries. Thus, to extend the existing literature, the study has relevance. Based on a systematic literature review, Best Worst Method (BWM) is used for determining the most critical BCT implementation barriers affecting WEEE. This study identifies the IoT-enabled BCT implementation issues in closed-loop WEEE management. This study examines the appropriate issues in the context of developing a legislative support system, ineffective database management, low understanding of cognitive technologies, and information security and privacy are the key concerns for BCT implementation in closed-loop supply chains. The model is an effort in the waste management domain for the transition of developing economies towards circularity.
COLD GAS ACCRETION BY HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS AND THEIR CONNECTION TO QSO ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS

We combine H i 21 cm observations of the Milky Way, M31, and the local galaxy population with QSO absorption-line measurements to geometrically model the three-dimensional distribution of infalling neutral-gas clouds (“high-velocity clouds” (HVCs)) in the extended halos of low-redshift galaxies. We demonstrate that the observed distribution of HVCs around the Milky Way and M31 can be modeled by a radial exponential decline of the mean H i volume-filling factor in their halos. Our model suggests a characteristic radial extent of HVCs of Rhalo ∼ 50 kpc, a total H i mass in HVCs of ∼108 M☉, and a neutral-gas accretion rate of ∼0.7 M☉ yr−1 for M31/Milky-Way-type galaxies. Using a Holmberg-like luminosity scaling of the halo size of galaxies we estimate Rhalo ∼ 110 kpc for the most massive galaxies. The total absorption cross-section of HVCs at z ≈ 0 most likely is dominated by galaxies with total H i masses between 108.5 and 1010 M☉. Our model indicates that the H i disks of galaxies and their surrounding HVC population can account for 30%–100% of intervening QSO absorption-line systems with log N(H i) ⩾ 17.5 at z ≈ 0. We estimate that the neutral-gas accretion rate density of galaxies at low redshift from infalling HVCs is yr−1 Mpc−3, which is close to the measured star formation rate density in the local universe. HVCs thus may play an important role in the ongoing formation and evolution of galaxies.
The moduli problem at the perturbative level

This paper demonstrates that existing upper bounds on the magnitude of cosmological dark matter and baryon isocurvature fluctuations can be translated into stringent constraints on the parameter space of moduli fields of supersymmetric theories, defined in terms of mσ (modulus mass) and σinf (modulus vacuum expectation value at the end of inflation). For the sake of concreteness, we assume here a quadractic modulus potential and we focus on high-scale inflationary models. These constraints are complementary to previously existing bounds from big-bang nucleosynthesis, therefore the moduli problem becomes worse at the level of cosmological perturbations. In particular, if the inflationary scale Hinf∼1013 GeV, particle physics scenarios which predict high moduli masses mσ ≳ 10–100 TeV are plagued by the perturbative moduli problem, even though they evade big-bang nucleosynthesis constraints. This perturbative moduli problem is somewhat relaxed if the modulus is made heavy during inflation, with effective mass ≳Hinf.
Spatial constraints and seasonal conditions but not poaching pressure are linked with elevated faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in white rhino

Abstract Context. Due to considerable declines in African wildlife populations, most large African mammals are managed inside protected areas. Protected areas come in various sizes, and have different environmental features, climates and management strategies (i.e. ‘hands-on’ or ‘hands-off’) that can influence an animals’ homeostasis. White rhinos (Ceratotherium simum simum) are found almost exclusively within protected areas where population sizes are driven by natural factors and poaching pressures. Aims. Our aim was to understand the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on the adrenocortical response of white rhinos within three protected areas. Specifically, we wanted to understand how poaching pressure, protected area size (<500 km2), season (wet and dry) and rainfall patterns were responsible for driving adrenocortical activity in white rhino. Methods. To understand the relationship between rhino adrenocortical responses and different environmental and anthropogenic stressors, we quantified glucocorticoid metabolites in faecal samples (fGCM) collected from four populations within three protected areas (i.e. two small parks, one big park) during the wet and dry seasons. Key results. We found differences in seasonal fGCM concentrations, with a 42% increase during the dry season, and no differences in fGCM concentrations between the high and low poaching areas. Additionally, we found fGCM concentrations in samples from the small parks were respectively 38% and 42% higher than in samples from the large park during both the dry and wet seasons compared. Conclusions. Our results suggest that white rhinos may experience physiological stress in smaller parks, especially during the dry season when resources are limited. Implications. By mitigating stress associated with reduced access to resources and spatial constraints, managers may better promote the viability of large mammals in small protected areas.
Differentiation of Value Creation for Suppliers and Consumers in Sharing Economy Business Models

The purpose of this study is to systematize the differentiated values created within the framework of various sharing economy business models. The information base of this study was open access scientific publications indexed in the world databases Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection for the pe-riod from 2015 to 2022, as well as data from the official websites of companies. The research algorithm consisted of the following stages: analysis of the components of sharing economy development models, discussion of the table of components of sharing economy models, identification of values created by different models, formation of the value creation cycle in sharing economy models, explanation of the differentiation of the created values. The research method was the allocation of separate blocks of activity within the framework of the Osterwalder-Pigneur business model. Based on the Oster-walder-Pigneur business model, the main components of the activities of various areas of the sharing economy are identified: key partners, key resources, key actions and value propositions. To understand the differentiation of value creation in various areas of the sharing economy, an institutional model of the value creation cycle has been developed within the framework of the sharing economy model. It is shown that the difference between key partners and key resources are the determinative moments in the differentiation of created values. The differentiation of created values for suppliers and consumers within the framework of various models of the sharing economy is systematized. Thus, for service and product providers, the variability of created values is quite large and includes, besides additional income, also the availability of a free schedule, payment guarantee, content display and logistics expans ion. The tion of the spectrum of values created by various business models of the sharing economy, which significantly expands the traditional modeling of entrepreneurial activity.
Quality Assessment of Ambulatory Electrocardiogram Signals by Noise Detection using Optimal Binary Classification

In order to improve the diagnostic capability in Ambulatory Electrocardiogram signal and to reduce the noise signal impacts, there is a need for more robust models in place. In terms of improvising to the existing solutions, this article explores a novel binary classifier that learns from the features optimized by fusion of diversity assessment measures, which performs Quality Assessment of Ambulatory Electrocardiogram Signals (QAAES) by Noise Detection. The performance of the proposed model QAAES has been scaled by comparing it with contemporary models. Concerning performance analysis, the 10-fold cross-validation has been carried on a benchmark dataset. The results obtained from experiments carried on proposed and other contemporary models for cross-validation metrics have been compared to signify the sensitivity, specificity, and noise detection accuracy.
Maintenance Prioritisation of Irrigation Infrastructure Using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methodology under a Fuzzy Environment

The aging infrastructure and rising demand in the irrigation industry as a result of population growth have increased maintenance works in recent years. The most efficient asset maintenance practice is proactive. However, while a limited budget and an increase in aging infrastructure has made proactive asset maintenance challenging, customers still expect quality service, and contemporary challenges such as climate change and the competitive market further add to the existing pressure on asset owners. In this context, the present work has the primary objective of developing a novel, accurate, efficient and straightforward methodology for measuring assessment criteria weights and using them to prioritise assets for maintenance. For this aim, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are developed for the optimisation of asset maintenance prioritisation. Using objective and subjective data, the proposed method will be utilised to prioritise six irrigation channels in Northern Victoria, Australia, for maintenance. To verify the efficiency and accuracy of the developed MCDM method, the prioritised channels are validated by comparing against their existing physical condition. Results prove the ability of the proposed method in distinguishing and taking into account the differences between the channels (in terms of their size, physical condition, financial impacts, etc.) in prioritisation for maintenance. This study will also provide suggestions to improve the existing asset maintenance prioritisation methods in practice
Black versus Dark: Rapid Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in Dark Matter Halos at z ∼ 6

We report on the relation between the mass of supermassive black holes (SMBHs; ) and that of hosting dark matter halos ( ) for 49 z ∼ 6 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) with [C ii]158 μm velocity-width measurements. Here, we estimate assuming that the rotation velocity from is equal to the circular velocity of the halo; we have tested this procedure using z ∼ 3 QSOs that also have clustering-based estimates. We find that a vast majority of the z ∼ 6 SMBHs are more massive than expected from the local – relation, with one-third of the sample by factors ≳102. The median mass ratio of the sample, , means that 0.4% of the baryons in halos are locked up in SMBHs. The mass growth rates of our SMBHs amount to ∼10% of the star formation rates (SFRs), or ∼1% of the mean baryon accretion rates, of the hosting galaxies. A large fraction of the hosting galaxies are consistent with average galaxies in terms of SFR and perhaps of stellar mass and size. Our study indicates that the growth of SMBHs ( ) in luminous z ∼ 6 QSOs greatly precedes that of hosting halos owing to efficient gas accretion even under normal star formation activities, although we cannot rule out the possibility that undetected SMBHs have local ratios. This preceding growth is in contrast to much milder evolution of the stellar-to-halo mass ratio.
Subjective-Physiological Coherence during Food Consumption in Older Adults

Background: Subjective-physiological emotional coherence is thought to be associated with enhanced well-being, and a relationship between subjective-physiological emotional coherence and superior nutritional status has been suggested in older populations. However, no study has examined subjective-physiological emotional coherence among older adults while tasting food. Accordingly, the present study compared subjective-physiological emotional coherence during food consumption among older and younger adults. Methods: Participants consumed bite-sized gel-type foods with different flavors and provided their subjective ratings of the foods while their physiological responses (facial electromyography (EMG) of the corrugator supercilia, masseter, and suprahyoid, and other autonomic nervous system signals) were simultaneously measured. Results: Our primary findings were that (1) the ratings of liking, wanting, and valence were negatively correlated with corrugator EMG activity in older and young adult participants; (2) the positive association between masseter EMG activity and ratings of wanting/valence was weaker in the older than in the young adult group; and (3) arousal ratings were negatively correlated with corrugator EMG activity in the older group only. Conclusions: These results demonstrate commonalities and differences in subjective-physiological emotional coherence during food intake between older and young adults.
Quantum target detection using entangled photons

We investigate performances of pure continuous variable states in discriminating thermal and identity channels by comparing their M -copy error-probability bounds. This offers us a simplified mathematical analysis for quantum target detection with slightly modified features: the object-if it is present-perfectly reflects the signal beam irradiating it, while thermal noise photons are returned to the receiver in its absence. This model facilitates us to obtain analytic results on error-probability bounds, i.e., the quantum Chernoff bound and the lower bound constructed from the Bhattacharya bound on M -copy discrimination error probabilities of some important quantum states, like photon number states, N -photon maximally entangled (N00N) states, coherent states and the entangled photons obtained from spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). Comparing the M -copy error-bounds, we identify that path-entangled states indeed offer enhanced sensitivity than the photon number state system, when average signal photon number is small compared to the thermal noise level. However, in the high signal-to-noise scenario, N00N states fail to be advantageous than the photon number states. Entangled SPDC photon pairs too outperform conventional coherent state system in the low signal-to-noise case. On the other hand, conventional coherent state system surpasses the performance sensitivity offered by entangled photon pair, when the signal intensity is much above that of thermal noise. We find an analogous performance regime in the lossy target detection (where the target is modeled as a weakly reflecting object) in a high signal-to-noise scenario. Â© 2009 The American Physical Society.
The complete mitochondrial genome study and phylogenetic analysis of Asiatic Water Snake (Fowlea piscator) using ‘Next-Generation Sequencing’ technology

Abstract The first complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of Asiatic Water snake or Checkered Keelback or Fowlea piscator (=Xenochrophis piscator) was carried out using Next-Generation Sequencing technology. The complete mitochondrial genome of Asiatic Water snake is 16,999bp long with a base composition of 33% A, 28% T, 12% G and 27% C, with a GC content of 39%. Like the typical snake mitochondrial genome, F. piscator also shows relatively similar mitogenome arrangement comprising 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and two non-coding regions or a duplicated control region (D-Loop) along with an origin of replication. Nine genes including eight tRNAs and NAD6 were encoded on the Light or L-strand. Phylogenetic analyses using the complete mitochondrial genome of F. piscator demonstrate a close relationship with the family Colubridae and sub family Natricinae.
GALAXY CLUSTERS AS A PROBE OF EARLY DARK ENERGY

We study a class of early dark energy (EDE) models, in which, unlike in standard dark energy models, a substantial amount of dark energy exists in the matter-dominated era. We self-consistently include dark energy perturbations, and show that these models may be successfully constrained using future observations of galaxy clusters, in particular the redshift abundance, and the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) power spectrum. We make predictions for EDE models, as well as ΛCDM for incoming X-ray (eROSITA) and microwave (South Pole Telescope) observations. We show that galaxy clusters' mass function and the SZ power spectrum will put strong constraints both on the equation of state of dark energy today and the redshift at which EDE transits to present-day ΛCDM-like behavior for these models, thus providing complementary information to the geometric probes of dark energy. Not including perturbations in EDE models leads to those models being practically indistinguishable from ΛCDM. An MCMC analysis of future galaxy cluster surveys provides constraints for EDE parameters that are competitive with and complementary to background expansion observations such as supernovae.
Phase-space of flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models with both a scalar field coupled to matter and radiation

We investigate the phase-space of a flat FRW universe including both a scalar field, �, coupled to matter, and radiation. The model is inspired in scalar-tensor theories of gravity, and thus, related with F(R) theories through conformal transformation. The aim of the chapter is to extent several results to the more realistic situation when radiation is included in the cosmic budget particularly for studying the early time dynamics. Under mild conditions on the potential we prove that the equilibrium points corresponding to the non-negative local minima for V (�) are asymptotically stable. Normal forms are employed to obtain approximated solutions associated to the inflection points and the strict degenerate local minimum of the potential. We prove for arbitrary potentials and arbitrary coupling functions �(�), of appropriate differentiable class, that the scalar field almost always diverges into the past. It is designed a dynamical system adequate to studying the stability of the critical points in the limit |�| ! 1. We obtain there: radiation-dominated cosmological solutions; powerlaw scalar-field dominated inflationary cosmological solutions; matter-kinetic-potential scaling solutions and radiation-kinetic-potential scaling solutions. Using the mathematical apparatus developed here, we investigate the important examples of higher order gravity theories F(R) = R + �R 2 (quadratic gravity) and F(R) = R n . We illustrated both analytically and numerically our principal results. In the case of quadratic gravity we prove, by an explicit computation of the center manifold, that the equilibrium point corresponding to de Sitter solution is locally asymptotically unstable (saddle point).