Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of Steel Surface with Addition of Cocoa Fruit Pod Extract Inhibitor Using Electrodeposition Method

The steel surface modification has been carried out with the addition of an inhibitor of cocoa fruit pod extract with varying concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%. The aim is to add inhibitors to improve the appearance, and to slow down the corrosion rate. The electrodeposition method was used to form a thin film on the surface at a voltage of 3 volts for 3 minutes. Surface characterization using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is used to determine the phase that occurs. The corrosion rate was calculated using the weight loss and potentiostate methods. The results of the characterization of the steel surface with the addition of 1% fruit pod extract inhibitor at the electrodeposition showed that the surface was smoother and more even and there was no porosity. XRD analysis showed that the electrodeposition results under the same conditions contained two elemental phases, namely Cu and Fe with different intensity values. The highest intensity is located at the peak of the second position of 2-Theta 44,84860 which is the peak of the Fe crystal. The lowest intensity is located at the third peak of 259.89 at the position of 2-Theta 98.9141 which is the peak of Cu. The high intensity indicates that the particle has good crystallinity. Cocoa fruit pod inhibitor is able to slow down the corrosion rate and smooth the metal surface by electrodeposition method.
Comparison of citrus orchard inventory using LISS-III and LISS-IV data

In India, in terms of area under cultivation, citrus is the third most cultivated fruit crop after Banana and Mango. Among citrus group, lime is one of the most important horticultural crops in India as the demand for its consumption is very high. Hence, preparing citrus crop inventories using remote sensing techniques would help in maintaining a record of its area and production statistics. This study shows how accurately citrus orchard can be classified using both IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS-III and LISS-IV data and depicts the optimum bio-widow for procuring satellite data to achieve high classification accuracy required for maintaining inventory of crop. Findings of the study show classification accuracy increased from 55% (using LISS-III) to 77% (using LISS-IV). Also, according to classified outputs and NDVI values obtained, April and May months were identified as optimum bio-window for citrus crop identification.
RUL Prognostics

With the rising complexity of manufacturing processes, resulting from rapid industrial development, the utilization of remaining useful lifecycle (RUL) prediction, based on failure physics and traditional reliability, has remained limited. Although data-driven approaches of RUL prediction were developed using machine learning algorithms, uncertainty-induced challenges have emerged, such as sensor noise and modeling error. To address these uncertainty-induced problems, this study proposes a stochastic ensemble-modeling concept for improving the RUL prediction result. The proposed ensemble model combines artificial degradation patterns and fitness weights, which incorporate formulas reflecting failure patterns and various reliability function data with the observed degradation factor. Furthermore, a recursive Bayesian updating technique, reflecting the difference between expected and observed remaining life sequentially, was leveraged to reduce the prediction uncertainty. Moreover, we comparatively studied the predictive performance of the proposed model (recursive Bayesian ensemble model) against an existing baseline method (exponentially weighted linear regression model). Through simulation and case datasets, this experiment demonstrated the robustness and utility of the proposed algorithm.
siRNA Targeting PDE5A Partially Restores Vascular Damage Due to Type 1 Diabetes in a Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that can produce different alterations such as endothelial dysfunction, which is defined as a decrease in the vasodilator responses of the mechanisms involved such as the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. The overexpression of PDE5A has been reported in diabetes, which causes an increase in the hydrolysis of cGMP and a decrease in the NO pathway. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether siRNAs targeting PDE5A can reduce the endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes. We used male Wistar rats (200–250 g) that were administered streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg i.p) to induce diabetes. Two weeks after STZ administration, the siRNAs or vehicle were administered and then, at 4 weeks, dose–response curves to acetylcholine were performed and PDE5A mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. siRNAs were designed by the bioinformatic analysis of human–rat FASTA sequences and synthesised in the Mermade-8 equipment. Our results showed that 4 weeks of diabetes produces a decrease in the vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and an increase in the expression of PDE5A mRNA, while the administration of siRNAs partially restores the vasodilator response and decreases PDE5A expression. We conclude that the administration of siRNAs targeting PDE5A partially reverts the endothelial impairment associated with diabetes.
A Frequency-Domain INS/GPS Dynamic Response Method for Bridging GPS Outages

We develop a new frequency-domain dynamic response method to model integrated Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) architectures and provide an accurate impulse-response-based INS-only navigation solution when GPS signals are denied (GPS outages). The input to such a dynamic system is the INS-only solution and the output is the INS/GPS integration solution; both are used to derive the transfer function of the dynamic system using Least Squares Frequency Transform (LSFT). The discrete Inverse Least Squares Frequency Transform (ILSFT) of the transfer function is applied to estimate the impulse response of the INS/GPS system in the time domain. It is shown that the long-term motion dynamics of a DQI-100 IMU/Trimble BD950 integrated system are recovered by 72%, 42%, 75%, and 40% for north and east velocities, and north and east positions respectively, when compared with the INS-only solution (prediction mode of the INS/GPS filter). A comparison between our impulse response model and the current state-of-the-art time-domain feed-forward neural network shows that the proposed frequency-dependent INS/GPS response model is superior to the neural network model by about 26% for 2D velocities and positions during GPS outages.
A C-V2X Compatible Massive Data Download Scheme Based on Heterogeneous Vehicular Network

Due to the high mobility and limited signal bandwidth, downloading massive data to gathered dense vehicles in traditional IoVs is still rather restricted. Introducing cellular communications into vehicular networks is the intuitive solution for this issue. However, the cellular-communication-based vehicular network has several unavoidable shortcomings such as occupying cellular resources and generating communication charges. To address this issue, we combine heterogeneous network, edge caching and collaborative distribution techniques for downloading massive data in IoVs. Considering the easy deployment and popularity of C-V2X systems in engineering, the proposed scheme is compatible with C-V2X in deployment. Specifically, a comprehensive scheme for intensively downloading massive data to dense vehicles is proposed based on a heterogeneous network, in which the data distribution mode, data scheduling within the cache node, and the matched collaborative distribution algorithms are presented. A new data distribution mode without request-response delay is proposed for distributing data to multiple vehicles with a negligible interval between distributions. The matched algorithms for efficiently realizing the load balance among collaborative vehicles are designed. The simulation results show our scheme can effectively download massive data to dense target vehicles without dependence on cellular communication resources.
A Summary of the Geology, Geochronology, and Geochemistry of Archean Rocks of the Granite Mountains, Wyoming

Abstract Amphibolite grade metamorphic rocks in the Granite Mountains were derived from eugeosynclinal sedimentary and volcanic rocks approximately 2,900 m.y. ago. Strontium isotopic evidence suggests that either the eugeosynclinal sequence or its precursor had a 300 m.y. crustal history. Intrusion of granite began at least 2,640 m.y. ago, but most of the granite was intruded about 2,600 m.y. ago. We propose that most of the granites were derived by partial melting of a garnetiferous crustal rock and that crystallization took place under conditions of high water and oxygen contents. Nephrite and diabase dikes were intruded within a few tens of millions of years after emplacement of the granite. Several types of isotopic data suggest one and possibly two middle Precambrian disturbances. The most prominent evidence is defined by K-Ar and Rb-Sr biotite systems which attained closure south of an east-west line through central Wyoming 1,400 to 1,600 m.y. ago. The general lack of evidence for tectonic overprinting suggests that these lowered ages may largely reflect cooling as a consequence of regional uplift. Whole-rock uranium-lead systems seem to have responded to a more pervasive disturbance. This disturbance may correlate with an orogenic event to the south which occurred 1,600 to 1,700 m.y. ago. Uplift and erosion of the Granite Mountains during the Laramide orogeny appear to be responsible for the lower concordia intercepts for both zircon and whole-rock uranium-lead data. The whole-rock data support the hypothesis that much and possibly all of the uranium in the nearby sandstones was derived from the granites. By analogy with this hypothesis, the proposed middle Precambrian uplift and erosion could have created uranium deposits in the Uinta Mountain Group if favorable precipitation conditions existed.
Anxiety and depression in rheumatoid arthritis patients: prevalence, risk factors and consistency between the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale/Depression Scale

Abstract Objectives The aim was to explore the prevalence and independent risk factors for anxiety and depression in RA patients and to assess the consistency between the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale/depression scale (SAS/SDS). Methods In total, 160 RA patients and 60 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled consecutively, and HADS and SAS/SDS were completed. Results The HADS-defined anxiety rate, HADS-defined depression rate, SAS-defined anxiety rate and SDS-defined depression rate were 36.9, 36.3, 29.4 and 29.4%, respectively, in RA patients, all of which were much higher in RA patients than in HCs (all P < 0.001). A relatively high consistency was observed between HADS-defined anxiety and SAS-defined anxiety (κ = 0.551, P < 0.001) and between HADS-defined depression and SDS-defined depression (κ = 0.563, P < 0.001) in RA patients. Interestingly, screened by multivariate logistic regression analyses, single/divorced/widowed marital status, swollen joint count, disease duration, ESR, physician’s global assessment (PhGA) and DAS28 were independently correlated with HADS-defined or SAS-defined anxiety risk in RA patients; meanwhile, female biological sex, single/divorced/widowed marital status, rural location, disease duration, PhGA and DAS28 were independently associated with HADS-defined or SDS-defined depression risk in RA patients. Conclusion Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in RA patients and are independently correlated with single/divorced/widowed marital status and higher disease activity. In addition, the HADS presents a high consistency with the SAS/SDS with many fewer questions, which might be more suitable for long-term assessment of RA.
Evaluation of potentially high yielding modern wheat cultivars for drought tolerance using key physio-biochemical and morphological indicators

Wheat is the main trading crop, driving food security and the worldwide economy. Severe drought stress is a chief threat to wheat productivity in existing climatic variations. Screening of wheat cultivars based on metabolic strategies to tolerate drought stress is crucial to ensure better yield. Current research work is carried out to evaluate drought-sensitive and tolerant wheat cultivars based on physio-biochemical and morphological stress indices. A pot experiment was organized according to factorial CRD with four replications. Ten latest high-yielding wheat cultivars were selected, and seeds were sown in pots having loamy soil and divided into two treatment portions. One was treated with control (NoDS) conditions, and the other with severe drought conditions (DS). Drought stress caused a significant decline in fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, length of roots and shoots, leaf area and chlorophyll contents. However, enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 ) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) ultimately triggered enzymatic antioxidant (SOD, POD, CAT) activities. All wheat cultivars exhibited osmotic modification by accumulating total soluble proteins (TSP) and free amino acids (FAA). According to our findings, Akber-19 performed better under control (NoDS) conditions among all cultivars. However, it is quite sensitive under severe drought (DS) stress. In contrast, Fakhar-e-Bhakkar significantly maintained osmotic and antioxidative balance under drought stress (DS) and exhibited more tolerant behaviour than other cultivars at the seedling stage.
Long-Period Transport Changes in the Eastern North Atlantic and Their Simulation by Propagating Waves

An analysis is presented of geostrophic volume transport across a zonal line along 28-degrees-N in the eastern Atlantic. The data are from an array of five moorings with 200-km spacing carrying temperature sensors and one current meter each for 1 or 2 years. Transport changes in the main thermocline relative to a fixed depth level are obtained by the use of temperature-salinity relationships. The transport variability is simulated by two propagating waves with first-order baroclinic mode structure. Solutions exist with annual and semi-annual periods and zonal wavelengths of 100-200 km and 300 km, respectively. Assuming quasi-geostrophic dynamics and using results on the Reynolds stress, the dominating waves of annual and semi-annual period are found to propagate to the southwest, with 45-degrees-60-degrees and 25-degrees to the south off the westward direction, respectively. Wave solutions with a 90-day period and a zonal wavelength of about 300 km are interpreted as an effect of barotropic waves arising due to horizontal temperature inhomogeneity. The propagation is about +/-25-degrees off the westward direction. In general, good approximations are obtained with the propagating wave simulations in the western and central part of the array, while large differences occur between observation and simulation close to the Canary archipelago. Possible causes for these differences are discussed.
Subsurface Characterization and its Environmental Implications using the Electrical Resistivity Survey: Case with LASU Foundation Programme Campus Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria

Measurements of eight vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out in the premises of Lagos State University (LASU) Foundation Programme Campus site located at Badagry. The resistivity method was carried out with a view to characterize different subsurface geological units and to provide the engineering/environmental geophysical characterization of the study area. One-dimensional numerical inversion of individual DC resistivity was used to enhance the processing of the results for better achievement of the aim of the study. Models obtained from the 1D inversion of each VES, together with borehole information, were used for construction of two geoelectrical sections which exhibit the main geoelectrical characteristics of the geological units present in the area. The interpretation results showed that the geoelectrical succession consists of four to five layer namely, topsoil, sand, sandy clay and clay. The investigation revealed the third layer (sand), to be the most competent for founding small to medium engineering structures with thickness values that range between (6.55m - 13.77m) and resistivity values that vary from (114.02 - 784.03 ohms-meter). This layer beneath VES 5 and VES 8 can as well be considered to be highly promising water-bearing layer for well/borehole drilling. (Nature and Science 2010;8(8):146-151). (ISSN: 1545-0740).
Minipuberty in Sons of Women with Low Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy

Minipuberty is a transient phase of reproductive axis activation during the first several months of life, playing an important role in the development of reproductive organs in boys. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of neonatal complications. An inadequate gestational vitamin D status is hypothesized to affect the postnatal activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The purpose of our study was to assess whether a low vitamin D status during pregnancy determines the course of minipuberty in boys. The study included three groups of male infants born to women with different vitamin D statuses: sons of women with vitamin D deficiency (group 1), sons of women with vitamin D insufficiency (group 2), and male offspring of females with normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (group 3 (the reference group)). Concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in saliva, as well as concentrations of gonadotropins in urine, were assayed monthly from postnatal months 1 to 6, and once every 2 months in the second half of the first year of life. Additionally, at each visit, penile length and testicular volume were assessed. Concentrations of testosterone, FSH, and LH, as well as penile length and testicular volume, were greater in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. In turn, group 2 was characterized by higher FSH levels and a greater testicular volume than group 3. Peak concentrations of LH and testosterone were observed earlier in group 1 than in the remaining groups. The obtained results suggest that a low vitamin D status during pregnancy may have a stimulatory impact on reproductive axis activity and on the early postnatal development of male genital organs, correlating with the severity of hypovitaminosis D.
Research on topological grinding of bionic structured scale surface for reducing contact friction and fluid drag resistance

Abstract The structured scale surface is an important functional surface that reduces the drag resistance of fluids and contact friction resistance. In order to grind the bionic scale structure on the workpiece, based on the topological theory and the principle of grinding kinematics, a novel topological grinding strategy was proposed. To this end, the topological feature vectors of the structured scale surface and the grinding wheel surface were established by analyzing the biomimetic structured scale surface; The Topological space of grinding process is constructed and the topological mapping equation of grinding process is established; The feasibility of this grinding strategy was verified through simulation and grinding experiments. The research results indicate that the established topological mapping equation is correct; Under the condition of maintaining design parameters, the errors of the feature parameters of the ground structured scale surface are between 2.8% and 8%; As the grinding parameters change, the feature parameters of the ground scale surface will also change, but they can still maintain the same topological attributes as the designed scale surface. Therefore, the proposed topology grinding strategy is feasible.
Changing snow cover and its impacts

This report presents the findings of of the "Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) : Climate Change and the Cryosphere" assessment, the third AMAP assessment on arctic climate issues and a follow-up on the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) published in 2005. The assessment was conducted between 2008 and 2011 by over 200 scientists, experts, and members of Native groups, and brings together the latest knowledge about the changing state of each component of the arctic 'cryosphere' (the part of the Earth's surface that is seasonally or perennially frozen).
DEVELOPMENT OF ACECLOFENAC LOADED MICROSPONGE GELS: A STATISTICAL QUALITY BY DESIGN (QBD) APPROACH TOWARDS OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION

Objective: The current research aims to deliver Aceclofenac in a controlled manner through a microsponges-loaded drug delivery system for the treatment of inflammation. Methods: The formulations were prepared by the Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and characterized for particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. For the optimization of the formulation through the Quality by Design (QbD) approach, Quality target product profiles (QTPP) were set up considering various key factors that affect the quality of the formulation. Further optimization of the important factors in relation to the major Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) was conducted by applying full factorial design using the Design of Expert Software (11.0 software, Stat-Ease, Inc., USA). The optimized formulation was incorporated into the gel, and characterized for morphological analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), drug content, and ex-vivo permeation studies (DD solver, Version 2.0). Results: It was found that process parameters such as drug-to-polymer ratio, the volume of the internal phase, and concentration of the emulsifier and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), played a crucial role in improving the drug entrapment efficiency and particle size. On the other hand, stirring time did not significantly affect the particle size. Through Design of Expert (DOE) analysis, a PVA concentration of 0.641 mg/ml and an internal phase volume of 12.5 ml were identified to be the ideal concentrations to obtain the optimized microspongal gel formulation (MS4). Characterization studies were carried out on MS4, which displayed a drug encapsulation of 94%, with a Cmax of 81.62 mg/ml, and a Tmax of 12 h. Stability studies carried out as per the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines confirmed no noticeable change in physical appearance and drug content. Conclusion: Overall, this study focused on optimizing the formulation of microsponges for efficient dermal drug delivery, considering various critical variables and process parameters. The resulting optimized formulation demonstrated promising drug release and potential for the effective management of inflammation disorders.