Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Division in Fucoid Zygotes Is Positioned by Telophase Nuclei Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.009415.

The relative contributions of cell polarity and nuclear position in specifying the plane of asymmetric division in fucoid zygotes were investigated. In zygotes developing normally, telophase nuclei were positioned parallel to the polar growth axis, and the division plane bisected both axes. To assess division plane specification, the colinearity of the nuclear and growth axes was uncoupled by treatment with pharmacological agents. Spatial correlations between the growth axis, telophase nuclei, and the division plane were analyzed in the treated zygotes. In all cases, cytokinesis was oriented transverse to the telophase mitotic array and was less well aligned with the growth axis. Telophase nuclei also played a predominant role in positioning the division plane in polyspermic zygotes. Microtubules from the telophase nuclei interdigitated throughout the plane of subsequent cytokinesis, and we speculate that they specify the division plane. Morphological markers of the division plane were not observed before telophase; the earliest division marker detected was a plate of actin that assembled in the zone of microtubule overlap late in telophase. These findings are consistent with division plane specification at cytoplast boundaries.
Quantum Multi-Prover Interactive Proof Systems and Quantum Characterizations of NEXP

This paper gives the first formal treatment of a quantum analogue of multi-prover interactive proof systems. In quantum multi-prover interactive proof systems there can be two natural situations: one is with prior entanglement among provers, and the other does not allow prior entanglement among provers. This paper focuses on the latter situation and proves that, if provers do not share any prior entanglement each other, the class of languages that have quantum multi-prover interactive proof systems is equal to NEXP. It implies that the quantum multi-prover interactive proof systems without prior entanglement have no gain to the classical ones. This result can be extended to the following statement of the cases with prior entanglement: if a language L has a quantum multi-prover interactive proof system allowing at most polynomially many prior entangled qubits among provers, L is necessarily in NEXP. Another interesting result shown in this paper is that, in the case the prover does not have his private qubits, the class of languages that have single-prover quantum interactive proof systems is also equal to NEXP. Our results are also of importance in the sense of giving exact correspondances between quantum and classical complexity classes, because there have been known only a few results giving such correspondances.
The Effects of Imipramine Blue on Vascular Permeability in Glioblastomas

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my faculty advisor Dr. Ravi Bellamkonda for providing me an opportunity to participate in undergraduate research and reinforcing my scientific inquiry with the perpetual " Why? " question. Additionally, I would like to thank my second advisor, Dr. Brandon Dixon for his guidance and support. I would like to thank my research mentor Jennifer " Jenny " Munson for infecting me with her contagious love for research and constant assistance even while living 5,000 miles away. Thank you to Dr. Kathleen McKneeley and Alexander Ortiz for their mentorship and aid while Jenny was away. Furthermore, this research would not have been accomplished without my loving liposome lab family: Benjamin Roller. Their laughter and support were essential to the completion of my thesis.
The relative position of employees in the corporate governance context: an international comparison

This article examines the situation of employees within the existing and emerging corporate governance paradigms in five countries, namely Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and Japan. The countries chosen represent a counterpoint to the Australian position, and their governance arrangements as regards employees can provide a source of innovation for the development of Australia’s provision. The United Kingdom and United States, given their historical and political ties to Australia, represent examples of governance systems that have borne, and continue to bear, influence. In this respect, they have an enduring importance to the Australian corporate landscape in much the same way as aspects of the United States and United Kingdom constitutional arrangements came to be embedded in the Australian political settlement and resultant Constitution. Germany is an example of a radically different conception of the corporate structure and of the active role played by employees. Japan’s system represents an amalgam of influences which are of note, particularly due to Australia’s close trading relationship and the fact that Japan may point the way in terms of emerging governance trends in the Asian region. This article will briefly critique the key features of the systems of the five countries and concludes that, as with other critical governance issues, the issue of employee involvement is evolving as national systems search for the elusive concept of “best practice”. This aim is made all the more critical by the challenges of the “turbo-charged twenty-first century economy” where “change has become the steady state” (Stace D and Dunphy D,Beyond the Boundaries: Leading and Creating the Successful Enterprise (2nd ed, McGraw Hill, Sydney, 2001) p ix). This article will suggest in Australia’s case, that its lack of engagement with employees as part of its corporate governance arrangement is out of alignment with other systems. This gap, rather than being merely disconcerting, provides scope for the improvement and enriching of Australia’s provision in this area. Given the severity of recent corporate collapses and their profound effect on employees, this issue looks to be a central one in the forthcoming decade. The article will conclude by suggesting how the Australian corporate governance arrangement in the area of employee provision may be better shaped to meet the needs of contemporary commerce and society.
Benchmarking Strategies for Measuring the Quality of Healthcare: Problems and Prospects

Over the last few years, increasing attention has been directed toward the problems inherent to measuring the quality of healthcare and implementing benchmarking strategies. Besides offering accreditation and certification processes, recent approaches measure the performance of healthcare institutions in order to evaluate their effectiveness, defined as the capacity to provide treatment that modifies and improves the patient's state of health. This paper, dealing with hospital effectiveness, focuses on research methods for effectiveness analyses within a strategy comparing different healthcare institutions. The paper, after having introduced readers to the principle debates on benchmarking strategies, which depend on the perspective and type of indicators used, focuses on the methodological problems related to performing consistent benchmarking analyses. Particularly, statistical methods suitable for controlling case-mix, analyzing aggregate data, rare events, and continuous outcomes measured with error are examined. Specific challenges of benchmarking strategies, such as the risk of risk adjustment (case-mix fallacy, underreporting, risk of comparing noncomparable hospitals), selection bias, and possible strategies for the development of consistent benchmarking analyses, are discussed. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the illustrated benchmarking strategies, an application focused on determining regional benchmarks for patient satisfaction (using 2009 Lombardy Region Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire) is proposed.
Asphericity and clumpiness in the winds of luminous blue variables

We present the first systematic spectropolarimetric study of Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds, in order to investigate the geometries of their winds. We find that at least half of our sample show changes in polarization across the strong Hα emission line, indicating that the light from the stars is intrinsically polarized and therefore that asphericity already exists at the base of the wind. Multi-epoch spectropolarimetry on four targets reveals variability in their intrinsic polarization. Three of these, AG Car, HR Car and P Cyg, show a position angle (PA) of polarization which appears random with time. Such behaviour can be explained by the presence of strong wind-inhomogeneities, or "clumps" within the wind. Only one star, R 127, shows variability at a constant PA, and hence evidence for axi-symmetry as well as clumpiness. However, if viewed at low inclination, and at limited temporal sampling, such a wind would produce a seemingly random polarization of the type observed in the other three stars. Time-resolved spectropolarimetric monitoring of LBVs is therefore required to determine if LBV winds are axi-symmetric in general. The high fraction of LBVs (>50%) showing intrinsic polarization is to be compared with the lower ∼20-25% for similar studies of their evolutionary neighbours, O supergiants and Wolf-Rayet stars. We anticipate that this higher incidence is due to the lower effective gravities of the LBVs, coupled with their variable temperatures within the bi-stability jump regime. This is also consistent with the higher incidence of wind asphericity that we find in LBVs with strong Hα emission and recent (last ∼10 years) strong variability.
Parallel performance evaluation of sequence nucleotide alignment on the supercomputer BlueGene/P

Bioinformatics is a scientific area requiring powerful computing resources for exploring large sets of biological data. Sequence alignment is an important method in DNA and protein analysis. BLAST has become the most popular tool and implements a fast heuristic method for sequence alignment and searching. The goal of this paper is to estimate the scalability of parallel sequence alignment on the supercomputer BlueGene/P for the case study of investigating the interaction between influenza virus A and the host genome. Parallel performance evaluation of sequence alignment have been performed experimentally on the basis of parallel mpiBlast program implementation and conducted on a local mirror database comprising the available isolates of the influenza virus A and the human genome. The molecular biology outcome of the experiments is that the similarity of influenza virus A and human genome have been determined.
Dynamic design of ecological monitoring networks for non‐Gaussian spatio‐temporal data

Many ecological processes exhibit spatial structure that changes over time in a coherent, dynamical fashion. This dynamical component is often ignored in the design of spatial monitoring networks. Furthermore, ecological variables related to processes such as habitat are often non‐Gaussian (e.g. Poisson or log‐normal). We demonstrate that a simulation‐based design approach can be used in settings where the data distribution is from a spatio‐temporal exponential family. The key random component in the conditional mean function from this distribution is then a spatio‐temporal dynamic process. Given the computational burden of estimating the expected utility of various designs in this setting, we utilize an extended Kalman filter approximation to facilitate implementation. The approach is motivated by, and demonstrated on, the problem of selecting sampling locations to estimate July brood counts in the prairie pothole region of the U.S. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Western Australian Graduate Diploma of Education (Primary) Students' Perceptions of Sustainability

II COPYRIGHT AND ACCESS DECLARATION . III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . IV TABLE OF CONTENTS . V LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES . XII GLOSSARY . XIII PREFACE . XV CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 The Research Rationale and Context . 1 Sustainability and Globalisation . 1 Interpreting Competing Narratives . 2 Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority . 4 The Australian University Context and Social Sustainability . 6 Assumptions Regarding GDE-P Students . 8 Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL) . 10 Australian Research Institute for Environment and Sustainability (ARIES), Tertiary Education and National Standards . 10 Research Questions and Methods . 11 Research Questions . 12 Conceptual and Theoretical Framework . 12 Research Methods . 12 Structure of the Thesis . 12 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 14 Introduction . 14 Part One: The Emergence of the Notion of Sustainability . 15 The United Nations’ Initiatives . 15 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Definition of Sustainability . 16 The Decade of Education for Sustainable Development . 17 The Australian Research Institution in Education for Sustainability . 19 Sustainable Communities within Universities and Schools . 20
Direct extraction of one loop rational terms

We present a method for the direct extraction of rational contributions to one-loop scattering amplitudes, missed by standard four-dimensional unitarity techniques. We use generalised unitarity in $D=4-2\e$ dimensions to write the loop amplitudes in terms of products of massive tree amplitudes. We find that the rational terms in $4-2\e$ dimensions can be determined from quadruple, triple and double cuts without the need for independent pentagon contributions using a massive integral basis. The additional mass-dependent integral coefficients may then be extracted from the large mass limit which can be performed analytically or numerically. We check the method by computing the rational parts of all gluon helicity amplitudes with up to six external legs. We also present a simple application to amplitudes with external massless fermions.
Optimal complexity reduction of piecewise affine models based on hyperplane arrangements

This work presents an algorithm that, given a piecewise affine (PWA) model, derives an equivalent PWA model that is minimal in the number of regions. The algorithm is based on the cells of the hyperplane arrangement that are already given when the PWA model is the result of the mode enumeration algorithm. In particular, the algorithm executes a branch and bound search on the markings of the cells of the hyperplane arrangement assuring optimality. As we refrain from solving additional LPs, the algorithm is not only optimal but also computationally attractive. The applicability of the algorithm can be extended to derive minimal PWA representations of general PWA models by first computing the hyperplane arrangement. An example illustrates the algorithm and shows its computational effectiveness.
The Limits to Growth of Non-Government Private Schooling in Sub Saharan Africa. Create Pathways to Access. Research Monograph No. 5.

There is a lively debate about the extent to which private providers of educational services can contribute to the achievement of Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals. There is evidence that in some poor countries private provision has been growing especially at the secondary level. The reasons for this are not simple but include excess demand (more applicants than places), differentiated demand (preference for alternatives to existing public schools), and the opportunities created for entrepreneurs by newly liberalised regulatory frameworks for educational services. This paper identifies a range of constraints and contextual realities that will shape future development. The first section draws attention to the diversity of non-government private provision and some fundamental issues that shape its likely contribution to enhanced access to schooling. Second, estimates are presented of the numbers of children currently out of school and their location in Sub-Saharan Africa. Third, data is discussed which illustrates the extent to which exclusion is related to wealth, location and gender, focusing on economic constraints. Fourth, costs related to teachers are modelled to indicate likely minimum operating costs for unsubsidised schooling. Fifth, an analysis is offered of the underlying demographic realities of expanded enrolment to reinforce the need to understand the magnitude of the task of achieving the MDGs and the need to identify mechanisms that expand services to large numbers of school-age children drawn from the poorest households. Finally some concluding remarks draw together the arguments.
Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: population based cohort study

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether prenatal use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with increased risk of miscarriage. Design Population based cohort study. Prenatal use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and paracetamol (acetaminophen) ascertained by in-person interview. Setting Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, a healthcare delivery system, in the San Francisco area of the United States. Participants 1055 pregnant women recruited and interviewed immediately after their positive pregnancy test. Median gestational age at entry to the study was 40 days. Main outcome measures Pregnancy outcomes up to 20 weeks of gestation. Results 53 women (5%) reported prenatal NSAID use around conception or during pregnancy. After adjustment for potential confounders, prenatal NSAID use was associated with an 80% increased risk of miscarriage (adjusted hazard ratio 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 3.2)). The association was stronger if the initial NSAID use was around the time of conception or if NSAID use lasted more than a week. Prenatal aspirin use was similarly associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. However, prenatal use of paracetamol, pharmacologically different from NSAIDs and aspirin, was not associated with increased risk of miscarriage regardless of timing and duration of use. Conclusion Prenatal use of NSAIDs and aspirin increased the risk of miscarriage. These findings need confirmation in studies designed specifically to examine the apparent association.
The Rosetta project

The Rosetta project has its roots in an earlier research project at Philips Research Laboratories, called PHLIQA (cf. Bronnenberg et al. (1)). In this project a system was developed that answered questions posed in natural English about information stored in a data base. The first component of that system had the task to convert a question into an expression of a logical language. This was done by a parser based on an attributed context-free grammar with a translation rule into the logical language coupled to each context-free rule, thus enabling a compositional translation into logic. However, because not all aspects of language could be dealt with adequately in this context-free framework, a second, transformational, component was added. First the context-free component translated into a rather hybrid representation, partially a logical and partially a deep syntactic structure. Then the second component would turn this hybrid representation into a genuine logical expression by applying transformation rules. This organization of the grammar was considered unsatisfactory, especially because of the unclear status of the hybrid intermediate representation and the transformational component. It was decided to design a new grammar which would be fully compositional, but of which the rules could be syntactically more powerful than context-free. We regarded the grammars described by Montague, e.g. the one usually referred to as PTQ (cf. Thomason (2)) as attractive examples of such an approach.
Partially Depleted SOI Versus Deep N-Well Protected Bulk-Si MOSFETs: A High-Temperature RF Study for Low-Voltage Low-Power Applications

The design options for low-voltage low-power (LVLP) applications are not limited to the circuit level, but it should start with the right choice of device technology and architecture. This paper presents a comparative study between a special structure of bulk MOSFET called the deep n-well protected device and the partially depleted silicon-on-insulator device. This paper shows the advantage of each device for different operation schemes while concentrating on the RF behavior for very low bias conditions. The study shows the lower limit for the bias conditions for the devices to correctly operate in RF. It also presents the effect of high temperature on the key figures of merit for dc and RF operations for high-performance and LVLP operation regimes.
Multi-user MIMO antenna systems using semi-orthogonal space division multiplexing and single-user QR-triangular detection

Orthogonal space division multiplexing (OSDM) can be achieved by utilizing multiple antennas at the base station (BS) and all mobile stations (MS) (or multi-user MIMO) jointly. Recently, two iterative methods have been proposed to obtain the antenna weighting for realizing OSDM in the downlink (Kai-Kit Wong et al., IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.; Zhengang Pan et al., IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.). However, both suffer from high complexity if the number of BS antennas or users involved is large, as the computational complexity grows with the fourth power of the number of users. By allowing the signal streams for a user to be non-orthogonal, we propose a semi-OSDM system for complexity reduction. In the semi-OSDM system, the signals of multiple users are still orthogonal, but for each user, the multiple signaling streams are made triangular instead so that a simple backward substitution with symbol cancellation can be performed to maintain an accurate signal detection. Remarkably, the antenna weighting for semi-OSDM can be expressed in a closed form. Simulation results show that semi-OSDM has mild performance degradation, but it requires much lower computational complexity (by an order of magnitude) when compared with existing OSDM systems.
Triacylglycerol accumulation in human obesity and type 2 diabetes is associated with increased rates of skeletal muscle fatty acid transport and increased sarcolemmal FAT/CD36

We examined whether, in human obesity and type 2 diabetes, long chain fatty acid (LCFA) transport into skeletal muscle is upregulated and contributes to an excess intramuscular triacylglycerol accumulation. In giant sarcolemmal vesicles prepared from human skeletal muscle, LCFA transport rates were upregulated ~4‐fold and were associated with an increased intramuscular triacylglycerol content in obese individuals and in type 2 diabetics. In these individuals, the increased sarcolemmal LCFA transport rate was not associated with an altered expression of FAT/CD36 or FABPpm. Instead, the increase in the LCFA transport rate was associated with an increase in sarcolemmal FAT/CD36 but not sarcolemmal FABPpm. Rates of fatty acid esterification were increased threefold in isolated human muscle strips obtained from obese subjects, while concomitantly rates of fatty acid oxidation were not altered. Thus, the increased rate of fatty acid transport may contribute to the increased rates of triacylglycerol accumulation in human skeletal muscle. The altered FAT/CD36 trafficking in muscle from obese subjects and type 2 diabetics juxtaposes the known alterations in GLUT4 trafficking, i.e., GLUT4 is known to be retained in its intracellular depots while FAT/CD36 is retained at the sarcolemma. This redistribution of FAT/CD36 to the sarcolemma may contribute to the etiology of insulin resistance in human muscle, and hence, FAT/CD36 provides another potential therapeutic target for the prevention and/or treatment of insulin resistance.