Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of New Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Derivatives as 3-Hydroxyflavone Analogues

In this paper, an efficient synthetic route from pyrazole-chalcones to novel 6-aryl-5-hydroxy-2-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-ones as 3-hydroxyflavone analogues is described. The methylation of 5-hydroxy-2,6-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one with methyl iodide in the presence of a base yielded a compound containing a 5-methoxy group, while the analogous reaction of 5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-6-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one led to the zwitterionic 6-(N-methylpyridinium)pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol derivative. The treatment of 5-hydroxy-2,6-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one with triflic anhydride afforded a 5-trifloylsubstituted compound, which was further used in carbon–carbon bond forming Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions to yield 5-(hetero)aryl- and 5-carbo-functionalized pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of 5-hydroxypyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles from the 5-hydroxy moiety to the carbonyl group in polar protic, polar aprotic, and nonpolar solvents was observed, resulting in well-resolved two-band fluorescence. The structures of the novel heterocyclic compounds were confirmed by 1H-, 13C-, 15N-, and 19F-NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.
Conformal Frequency-Diverse Metasurface for Computational AoA Detection

Detecting the angle of arrival (AoA) of electromagnetic waves is an important function in a variety of applications, such as navigation and wireless communication. In this letter, we propose a conformal metasurface antenna (CMA) for detecting the AoA in the horizontal plane. This structure consists of a conformal waveguide with its upper conductor wall fashioned with metamaterial radiators. The resonance frequencies of the metamaterial radiators are selected randomly over a band of operation. The random distribution of resonance frequencies results in patterns that change with frequency and encode information about the AoA of an incident signal into frequency samples, which can be analyzed to retrieve the incident AoA. Using full-wave simulation, we detail the design and operation of the proposed frequency-diverse CMA. We develop and numerically demonstrate a computational processing technique to estimate the AoA from the cross correlation of the signals at the end of coaxial connectors attached to the CMA. The impact of the number of frequency points, bandwidth, and noise on the performance of the device will be illustrated. The proposed device promises a simple and versatile hardware that can detect the AoA from a single receiver and can find application in wireless communication, surveillance, and navigation systems.
Self-Confidence in Food Resource Management Is Associated with Lower Risk of Household Food Insecurity Among SNAP-Ed Eligible Head Start Families

To examine the associations between food resource management (FRM) self-confidence and behaviors that help maximize the use of food dollars by household food insecurity (HFI) status. Cross-sectional survey on SNAP-Ed eligible Head Start families in Pennsylvania, US (n = 366). HFI status was assessed using the 18-item USDA Household Food Security Module. FRM self-confidence was measured using 5-questions (e.g., “How confident are you that you can buy healthy foods for your family on a budget? ”) and FRM behaviors were assessed using 6-questions (e.g., “How often do you plan meals before shopping for groceries? ”). The associations between FRM self-confidence and behavior by HFI status were explored using chi-square and simple logistic regression analyses. The average FRM self-confidence score of respondents was 3.02(SD: 0.71) and FRM behavior score was 3.7(SD: 0.8). Participants with high FRM self-confidence had lower odds of HFI (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.56, P < 0.001), yet the association between FRM behaviors with HFI status was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.91). When individual FRM questions were explored, results showed that all FRM self-confidence questions significantly differed by HFI status (highest p-value < 0.046); e.g., a higher proportion of food secure households were moderately confident or very confident to buy healthy foods on a budget compared to food insecure households (75% vs 58%, P < 0.001). For individual FRM behaviors, one of the 6 behaviors differed by HFI status; food insecure households were more likely to report never or rarely using a shopping list when grocery shopping vs their food secure counterparts (12% vs 9%, P = 0.016). Higher confidence in FRM skills may protect against food insecurity among SNAP-Ed eligible households. Nutrition education programs designed to assist low-income households in stretching their food dollars need to target self-confidence in FRM skills, and address what factors may affect their FRM behaviors, in an attempt to alleviate food insecurity. This material was funded by USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through the PA Department of Human Services (DHS). This institution is an equal opportunity provider.
Technologies of Industry 4.0 and Opportunities They Create for Product Innovation

The technologies that enable products and services for Industry 4.0 create many new products and services for industrial, professional, and consumer markets. These are growing rapidly across multiple markets. With all this rapid change, it is a challenge for developers to “keep up” so that their products and services are current when entering the market. This article intends to overview the elementary concepts for the practical reader, scoping out some of the potential product and service areas enabled by these technologies. The key takeaway is that the technical concepts behind Industry 4.0 apply to the industrial markets as well as many others, including consumer, medical, and areas outside of industry solutions.
Different Expression Pattern of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma

Esophageal carcinoma is a male-dominant malignancy worldwide, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) shows more significant sex bias than esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in morbidity and mortality. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is involved in several sex-related cancers; however, its expression level in esophageal carcinoma has been poorly investigated and its role is not precisely defined, depending on histological types. In the present study, the mRNA levels of GPER1 in esophageal carcinoma were collected from GEPIA and Oncomine databases for meta-analyses. The protein expression levels of GPER1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in the tissue microarray of EAC and ESCC. The GPER1 selective agonist G1, antagonist G15, and siRNA were applied in vitro to investigate their impacts on esophageal cell lines. Analysis of the RNA levels from the databases showed a decreased expression of GPER1 in overall esophageal carcinoma, and low expression levels of GPER1 were found to be associated with low survival of tumor patients. However, in the subgroup of EAC and its precancerous lesion, Barrett’s esophagus, overexpression of GPER1 RNA was increased when compared with the normal tissues. The average staining scores of GPER1 protein in the tissue microarray of EAC were significantly higher than normal esophageal samples, and the rate of positive staining increased with the grade of poor tumor differentiation. The scores of GPER1 protein in ESCC tissues were lower than those in the normal tissues. The results from cell line experiments in vitro showed that the GPER1 agonist G1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of ESCC cells EC109 with positive expression of GPER1. G1 had no obvious effect on normal esophageal NE2 cells with weak expression of GPER1. In addition, GPER1 RNA knockdown and application of antagonist G15 reversed the effects of G1 on EC109. The results of this study indicate that the expression levels of GPER1 are higher in EAC than in ESCC, which might be correlated with the dimorphic estrogen signaling pathway in different types of esophageal carcinoma.
for use

The genetic divergence caused by genetic drift and/or selection is suggested to affect the vectorial capacity and insecticide susceptibility of sand flies, as well as other arthropods. In the present study, cytochrome b ( cyt b) gene sequences were determined in 13 species circulating in Peru to establish a basis for analysis of the genetic structure, and the intraspecific genetic diversity was assessed in the Lutzomyia (Lu.) peruensis , a main vector species of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana in Peruvian Andes. Analysis of intraspecific genetic diversity in the cyt b gene sequences from 36 Lu. peruensis identified 3 highly polymorphic sites in the middle region of the gene. Haplotype and gene network analyses were performed on the cyt b gene sequences of 130 Lu. peruensis in 9 Andean areas from 3 Departments (Ancash, Lima and La Libertad). The results showed that the populations of La Libertad were highly polymorphic and that their haplotypes were distinct from those of Ancash and Lima, where dominant haplotypes were observed, suggesting that a population bottleneck may have occurred in Ancash and Lima, but not in La Libertad. The present study indicated that the middle region of the cyt b gene is useful for the analysis of genetic structure in sand fly populations.
Analysis and modelling of soil moisture and evaporation processes, implications for climate change

This thesis deals with the study of evaporation and soil moisture, t wo main parameters of the hydrological cycle, and thus the climate system. First, potential evaporation (ET P ) is analysed. It is an important input to hydrological and agronomic models, key to describe the interactions between the surface e and the atmosphere, and the basis of most of the estimations of actual evapora tion. Physically-based and empirical methods to estimate ET P are evaluated, at a global scale, under current climate conditions and in a changing climate. The former methods correspond to those implemented in land surface models (LSM) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (F AO) reference evapotranspiration equation. The assumptions made in FAO's method underest imate ET P if compared to LSM methods. They also result in a lower sensitive ty of ET P to climate change. In addition, empirical equations are not able to reproduce the impact of climate change on ET P if compared to that from LSM methods. Soil moisture is the second aim of this thesis. It is treated t hrough the analysis of brightness temperatures (TB). These are a measure of the radiation emitted by the surface , and thus an optimum parameter to use in remote sensing techniques for soi l moisture retrieval. Measured TB from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission are compared, over the Iberian Peninsula, to two sets of TB modelled estimates from two LSM. There is a good agreement in the temporal evolution between them. However, discrepancy es are found regarding the spatial structures, which become more evident during fall and winter and are mainly explained by differences in the annual cycle of measured and modelled TB.
Reduction of Nonworking Armature Harmonics in Vernier Permanent Magnet Machines

Vernier permanent magnet machines (VPMMs) are becoming increasingly attractive for low-speed direct drive industrial applications. This article presents a novel design perspective of reducing nonworking even-order armature harmonics in VPMMs with concentrated winding to further improve the overall electromagnetic performance. The armature reaction magnetomotive force (MMF) harmonics can be adjusted by controlling the winding layout. In particular, a dual-stator VPMM (DS-VPMM) is presented, in which the inner stator is shifted by a half slot pitch relative to the outer stator, and the key is that dual concentrated windings are reversely connected in series with a 180° mechanical angle difference. Consequently, those nonworking even-order harmonics produced by the armature reaction can be eliminated. As a result, the synchronous inductance is notably reduced, which further improves the power factor without sacrificing torque density. A nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is adopted in the optimization process to obtain the optimal parameters of the proposed design. The finite-element analysis (FEA) results show that, compared to conventional VPMMs, the proposed design with reduced even-order armature harmonics exhibits higher torque density and higher power factor while the unbalanced force is mitigated. Finally, a prototype is fabricated to verify this proposed approach.
Fault Effect Identification-Based Adaptive Performance Self-Recovery Control Strategy for Wastewater Treatment Process

The increasing utilization of wastewater necessitates dedicated attentions to the potential security threats, and formulate strategies for defense, response, and future protection. The nonideal actuator subject to the faults and constraints may underload the driving force and reduce the sewage purification efficiency. This article proposes an adaptive performance self-recovery control strategy for the wastewater treatment process (WWTP) with nonideal actuator. Therein, a Gaussian error function is reconstructed to imitate the asymmetrical actuator constraints. A fault effect identifier is designed to indirectly acquire fault information. Two boundary estimators are co-designed to estimate the infimum of virtual controller gain and the supremum of lumped uncertainty, respectively. The proposed control strategy can largely enhance the faulty performance self-recovery capability of the WWTP, while ensuring robust output regulation and fast convergence. Extensive experiments on dissolved oxygen control are executed on a WWTP platform to show the efficacy of the suggested control scheme.
Molecular and morphological analyses reveal a new hypogean species of amphipod in the genus Crangonyx Bate, 1859 (Crustacea: Crangonyctidae) within the floridanus species complex, from Suwannee County, Florida

ABSTRACT Crangonyx stinei sp. n. is described from Peacock Springs Cave, in Wes Skiles Peacock Springs State Park, Suwannee County, Florida. Crangonyx stinei sp. n. was collected from the cave benthos via SCUBA cave diving techniques. Molecular analyses of the nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA reveal significant phylogenetic differences between C. stinei sp. n. and closely related Crangonyx spp. Crangonyx stinei sp. n. is the sixth member of the floridanus species complex in the State of Florida, but only the second to be described from a hypogean habitat. To determine the biogeographic range of C. stinei sp. n. , additional collecting in both epigean and hypogean systems is needed. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:39692E06-EBAA-492B-91FD-20EBB5D5C242
Characterizations of PM Synchronous Motor With an Integrated Common-Mode Voltage Filter

The high-frequency common-mode voltage generated by switching of semiconductor devices may cause premature failure of the insulation system and metallic bearings in the motor drive systems, the false trigger of the relay devices, and electromagnetic interference. In this article, an integrated filter is proposed to reduce the common-mode voltage in the permanent magnet synchronous motor. In this filter, partial motor windings, which serve as inductance, are integrated with the passive components. Compared to the system with a conventional passive filter, the omitted filtering inductor of this integrated common-mode voltage filter reduces the weight and volume of the whole motor drive system. The peak-to-peak value and the high-order harmonic components of common-mode voltage can be reduced to up to 10% and 2% of those in motor without the integrated filter, respectively. Additionally, the root mean square value of the common-mode voltage has been reduced by 27%. The benefits of the integrated filter in suppressing common-mode voltage have been validated in both simulation results and experimental data.
The effect of recovery combination on muscle oxygenation, blood lactate concentration, and subsequent performance during 200-m repeated swimming

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three recovery protocols on muscle oxygenation, blood lactate, and subsequent performance during a 200-m repeated swimming. Twelve swimmers (6 females and 6 males) from Chulalongkorn University swimming club completed three sessions of two consecutive 200-m front crawl trials separated by one of three recovery protocols: a 15-min of active recovery (AR), a 15-min of passive recovery (PR), and a recovery combination of 5-min of active and 10-min of passive recovery (CR) by using a counterbalance design. Skeletal muscle oxygenation, blood lactate concentration (BL), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest, immediately after a trial, and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes of recovery. Two-way ANOVA (recovery x time) with repeated measures was used to determine the main and interaction effects on measured variables. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test were used to locate the mean differences.in all variables. A level of significant was set at p-value <. 05. The results revealed no significant changes in swimming time observed between trials (first vs. second) across recovery conditions. Tissue saturation index (TSI), as an indicator of oxygenated tissue, rapidly declined (P < .05) immediately after a 200-m front crawl swim, and then gradually returned (P < .05) to above baseline during CR, but not AR and PR after 15-min of recovery. Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) levels at biceps femoris significantly decreased (P < .05) while deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) levels significantly increased (P < .05) immediately after a 200-m swim compared with baselines in all conditions. These changes, however, were recovered (P < .05) as early as after 5-min of recovery, regardless of conditions, with a fully return to baseline observed after 15-min of recovery. Interestingly, the significant reductions in blood lactate and heart rate were concomitant with the change in TSI during the recovery period. Our results indicated that the CR in the present study was more effective in enhancing the muscle reoxygenation after a 200-m front crawl swim compared with AR and PR. However, such benefit was not directly translated to the improvement of subsequent performance.
Using Kernel Density Estimation in Knowledge Distillation to Construct the Prediction Model for Bipolar Disorder Patients

Bipolar disorder is a severe mood disorder and is one of the top 20 causes of disability in the world. Although there have been numerous studies based on machine learning models for the detection of bipolar disorder patients, these works have limitations. This study used a kernel density estimation algorithm to generate distributions of the input data, which can make knowledge distillation work and can improve prediction performances of the machine learning models for bipolar disorder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply kernel density estimation to knowledge distillation. Another main contribution is that we used medical history information that was readily available from the electronic health record system, trying to improve the limitation of previous studies that needed to use special instruments to collect input data. Furthermore, in view of the fact that most previous studies have sample sizes of less than 1000, we collected tens of thousands of data samples to improve the representativeness of the constructed prediction models. Finally, the generated data distributions helped the decision tree algorithm to select the appropriate branching attributes to construct the prediction models. These branching attributes can be mapped back to specific diseases that are all associated with bipolar disorder.
A Structural Equation Model Explaining Contraception Behaviors of Married Korean Women

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the structural model of a contraceptive behavior in Married Korean women. A hypothesis model was constructed on the basis of the health belief model, the theory of planned behavior and extensive literature review of contraception. The model was built by seven constructs. Four exogeneous variables included in the model were consisted of the contraceptive knowledges, the perceived threats, the sexual autonomy and the communication within a couple. Four endogenous variables were consisted of the attitudes toward contraception, the perceived control, the ability to plan a intercourse and the contraceptive behaviors. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model were collected by the self report questionnaires from 243 Korean married women. The questionnaires used in this study were developed by this researcher and their Cronbach's alpha scores were ranged from . 60 to . 88. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program(ver. 8.0) for descriptive statistical analysis and LISREL program(ver. 8.12a) for covariance structural analysis.On the basis of this results, it could be suggested that contraceptive behaviors be greatly affected by the perceived threats, the communications within couple, the attitudes toward contraception and the perceived control. Finally this model would be useful for the practice, theory and research of nursing.
A Nonideal Measurement Error Model of Polarized Skylight for Model-Based Orientation Determination

The orientation determination based on skylight polarization field model, inspired by biological compound eye mechanism, is a novel autonomous navigation technique for large-scene environments without cumulative errors. However, due to the nonideal characteristics of transmission mediums, the skylight polarization information measured on the ground is disturbed by such nonlinear factors, which affects the orientation accuracy of navigation sensors. This article establishes a novel measurement error model of polarized skylight for model-based orientation determination, which fully considers the forward transmission process of polarized skylight through near-surface atmospheric cloud medium and defective depolarized optical lens. A linearized simplified algorithm is proposed for the nonideal skylight polarization transmission model (NSPTM), and the effects of the key extrinsics on the orientation error of two classical polarization-opponent unit (POU) detection models are analyzed in detail. With indoor and outdoor experiments, we explain the NSPTM algorithm reasonableness and verify the orientation error consistency of actual POU detection devices with simulations. This work quantifies the complete forward transmission process of polarized skylight for the real-time orientation computing and provides guidance for the design and practical applications of polarized skylight navigation sensors.