Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Text Messaging Trial in Family Planning Clinics

The New Zealand Family Planning Association (Family Planning) is a national not-for-profit organization providing sexual and reproductive primary care health services as well as health promotion, professional training and advocacy on issues of sexual and reproductive health. By 2006 Family Planning had become acutely aware of the increasing amount of staff time being used to make phone calls to clients, particularly about appointment reminders and laboratory results, and the associated escalation in telephone costs. Much of the increased cost related to the trend for the clients, who are predominantly under 25 year of age, to have only a mobile phone as their phone contact. This paper describes a project to identify and implement an alternative means of communication with these clients, with the outcome being the introduction of a text messaging program (txt2remind) integrated with the Practice Management System (Medtech 32) into clinics by June 2008.
Familial Nephropathy in Bernese Mountain Dogs

Between January 1988 and March 1992 nephropathies were frequently diagnosed in Bernese Mountain Dogs. During this period, 20 animals (16 females, four males), ages 2–5 years (average age at time of diagnosis = 3.3 years) presented with clinically renal insufficiency. Morphologic diagnosis of the renal lesions was identical in all cases, i.e., membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) with concomitant interstitial nephritis. Deposits of immunoglobulin-M (IgM) and of the third complement component were regularly demonstrated immunohistochemically in the glomeruli; deposits of immunoglobulin-A (IgA) and immunoglobulin-G (IgG) were found only in isolated cases. Reduplication of glomerular basement membranes, mesangial interposition, and subendothelial deposits of the immunocomplex type were also detected by electron microscopy. A pedigree analysis indicated that the MPGN in these 20 Bernese Mountain Dogs of approximately the same age was of hereditary genesis. Thus, MPGN should be allocated to the group of familial nephropathies. Serologically, high IgG titers against Borrelia burgdorferi were found in 17 dogs. These findings are discussed in relation to familial nephropathies in humans.
Implications of an Ideological Constraint: The Case of Hired Labor in the Kibbutz

The hiring of a factor of production by owners of almost any kind of business is a very common practice which does not require our special attention as economists. Hired labor in the kibbutz is an exception to this rule. The kibbutz, like all other firms, uses labor and capital as factors of production. The kibbutz uses capital like any other firm; however, it differentiates between the labor of members and the labor of nonmembers, called hired labor. The kibbutz, in theory, voluntarily constrains itself to use no hired labor. This is because "the kibbutz is a free association of persons for the purposes of settlement, absorption, maintenance of a collective society organized on the principles of joint ownership of property, self labor, equality and cooperation in all areas of production, consumption and education" (italics added). ' The social and moral code of the kibbutz prohibits employment of nonmember labor on the grounds that to hire a laborer is to exploit him.2 However, in reality all the kibbutzim rely on some amount of hired labor.3 The kibbutzim differ only in the share of hired labor out of the total labor used by the kibbutz. The purpose of this paper is to study the economic consequences of
PERMANENT AND TRANSITORY SHOCKS, AND THE UK BUSINESS CYCLE

In this paper the business cycle properties of UK data are investigated using a VAR technique. A Real Business Cycle (RBC) model is formulated. The model includes both permanent and transitory shocks to technology. The business cycle properties of the data and the model are investigated by deriving the expected changes over various forecast horizons from a VAR model. It is found, contrary to evidence in Rotemberg and Woodford (1996), that the model can account for many features of the data and that temporary shocks are pertinent in order to explain the business cycle moments. The main difference between theory and data is present in hours worked.
Recognizing the Link Between CKD and CVD in the Primary Care Setting: Accurate and Early Diagnosis for Timely and Appropriate Intervention

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is becoming increasingly prevalent in the US and worldwide, eventually progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring renal replacement therapy. Diabetes and hypertension, the two leading causes of CKD, are themselves reaching near epidemic proportions. Hypertension can cause both the development and progression of CKD, and CKD is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, CKD patients are more likely to die of cardiovascular complications than progress to ESRD. However, data indicate that early recognition and management of CKD can have a significant positive impact on disease outcome. This creates an important interventional opportunity for the primary care physician. This report describes the major risk factors and comorbidities associated with the development and progression of CKD and offers suggestions for timely diagnosis and management of CKD in the primary care setting.
Transition and the output fall

This paper presents a model that explains why in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe an important output fall has been associated with price liberalization. Its key ingredients are search frictions and Williamsonian relation-specific investment implying that new investments are made only after a new long-term partner has been found. When all firms search for new partners, output may fall because of three effects: a) disruption of previous production links; b) a fall in investment; and c) capital depreciation due to the absence of replacement investment. We show that forms of gradual liberalization like the Chinese ‘dual-track’ price liberalization may avoid or reduce the transitory output fall.
Review article: drug therapy for reflux oesophagitis

Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is a common disorder and symptoms can be mild to severe. Management of the disease should be individualized. Life‐style changes are important for all patients. Drug therapy is often necessary but only very few patients with severe disease need surgical treatment. The purpose of this article is to focus on drug therapy and to review the clinical trials of all the drugs used for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. Thereafter, judged solely on the data derived from these trials, a practical approach to the management of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is suggested.
Development and implementation of a postdischarge home-based medication management service.

PURPOSE The development and implementation of a postdischarge home-based, pharmacist-provided medication management service are described. SUMMARY A work group composed of pharmacy administrators, clinical specialists, physicians, and nursing leadership developed the structure and training requirements to implement the service. Eligible patients were identified during their hospital admission by acute care pharmacists and consented for study participation. Pharmacists and pharmacy residents visited the patient at home after discharge and conducted medication reconciliation, provided patient education, and completed a comprehensive medication review. Recommendations for medication optimization were communicated to the patient's primary care provider, and a reconciled medication list was faxed to the patient's community pharmacy. Demographic and medication-related data were collected to characterize patients receiving the home-based service. A total of 50 patients were seen by pharmacists in the home. Patient education provided by the home-based pharmacists included monitoring instructions, adherence reinforcement, therapeutic lifestyle changes, administration instructions, and medication disposal instructions. Pharmacists provided the following recommendations to providers to optimize medication regimens: adjust dosage, suggest laboratory tests, add medication, discontinue medication, need prescription for refills, and change product formulation. Pharmacists identified a median of two medication discrepancies per patient and made a median of two recommendations for medication optimization to patients' primary care providers. CONCLUSION The implementation of a post-discharge, pharmacist-provided home-based medication management service enhanced the continuity of patient care during the transition from hospital to home. Pharmacists identified and resolved medication discrepancies, educated patients about their medications, and provided primary care providers and community pharmacies with a complete and reconciled medication list.
We Still Have a Long Way to Go, and a Short Time to Get There: A Response to Fikret Berkes and Helen Ross

We are reminded of the need for integrated research on the resilience of our coupled socio-ecological systems with each day’s headlines, demarcating in graphic terms the mounting challenges such systems face. In the past year, we have all read and watched with dismay of the droughts, floods, fires, and failed crops that confront communities large and small across the global landscape. The question remains, however, whether our scholarly efforts to conceptualize these system dynamics and offer useful guidance for social organizations are as effective as they could be. In their article, ‘‘Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach,’’ Berkes and Ross offer a potential pathway for conceptual advance, by integrating the efforts of health and psychology studies with those of socio-ecological systems research. As I will argue, while I agree with the merits of such an integration, this is an unfinished project, which lacks an essential, critical acknowledgment of our current socio-ecological nexus and an adequate articulation of agency, and this could expand on the opportunities for cross-fertilization between health=psychology studies and socio-ecological systems research to a much greater extent, with a deeper conceptual analysis of each. I treat each of these challenges in turn below.
An Analysis of Energy Consumption in an Adelaide Suburb with Different Retrofitting and Redevelopment Scenarios

Improving energy efficiency of the existing dwelling stock of towns and cities will increasingly be part of the effort to moderate fossil fuel energy consumption in the decades to come. At the same time, residential areas may be subject to densification to better utilise the existing urban infrastructure whilst accommodating a larger population. The analysis of energy consumption arising from these trends offers the potential for optimising built forms and assisting in development decisions for urban renewal to encourage lower energy outcomes. This article describes the application of a model which uses a life cycle approach to the analysis of energy consumption in a residential suburb. The results indicate that the inclusion of embodied energy expended during redevelopment can be substantial and should be considered when modelling future energy consumption scenarios.
Asymptotic outage probability of the PU : By applying the same approximation rationale used in ( 10 ) , the asymptotic expression

This letter studies the application of non-orthogonal multiple access to a downlink cognitive radio (termed CRNOMA) system. A new cooperative transmission scheme is proposed, aiming at exploiting the inherent spatial diversity offered by the CR-NOMA system. Closed-form analytical results are developed to show that the cooperative transmission scheme gives better performance when more secondary users participate in relaying, which helps achieve the maximum diversity order at secondary user and a diversity order of two at primary user. Simulations are performed to validate the performance of the proposed scheme and the accuracy of the analytical results.
Market Timing by Global Fund Managers

We analyze the market timing ability of U.S. global fund managers' in the late 80s and early 90s, before hedge funds became prominent in global investing. We examine both portfolio weights and returns to distinguish between world market timing (movements of funds between all equity markets and cash) and national market timing (movements out of one country's equity market into one or more other countries' equities). We find no evidence of world market timing, but strong evidence of national market timing. Earlier papers examining multi-country fund management find very little evidence of market timing ability, but they do not explicitly consider the difference in world and national timing. Our results suggest that it may be important to capture the distinction between the two types of global timing activity. Our methodology and results may also be pertinent to domestic papers that examine simultaneous movements between asset classes and cash.
The effects of vitamin A supplementation on the morbidity of children born to HIV-infected women.

OBJECTIVE The effects of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity of children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women were evaluated in a population where vitamin A deficiency is not endemic. METHODS A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin A supplementation was carried out in 118 offspring of HIV-infected women in Durban, South Africa. Those assigned to receive a supplement were given 50,000 IU of vitamin A at 1 and 3 months of age; 100,000 IU at 6 and 9 months; and 200,000 IU at 12 and 15 months. Morbidity in the past month was then recalled at each follow-up visit. Analysis was based on 806 child-months. RESULTS Among all children, the supplemented group had lower overall morbidity than the placebo group (OR = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48, 0.99). Among the 85 children of known HIV status (28 infected, 57 uninfected), morbidity associated with diarrhea was significantly reduced in the supplemented infected children (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.99), whereas no effect of supplementation on diarrheal morbidity was noted among the uninfected children. CONCLUSION In a population not generally vitamin A deficient, vitamin A supplementation for children of HIV-infected women appeared to be beneficial, reducing morbidity. The benefit was observed particularly for diarrhea among HIV-infected children.
Pre-auction short positions and impacts on primary dealers’ bidding behavior in US Treasury auctions

We model the uniform-price US Treasury security auction as a static symmetric game with incomplete information in which each player is a primary dealer who submits a demand schedule given two independent sources of private information: her/his pre-auction short position of the auctioned security and her/his valuation of this security. Under the assumptions of constant marginal value and additive separability of the demand schedule, we obtain closed-form solutions for the dealer’s optimal demand schedule, and we find that her/his pre-auction short position impacts her/his bidding behavior in three ways. First, the primary dealer’s demand for the auctioned security increases with her/his pre-auction short position. Second, the primary dealer’s differential bid shading decreases with her/his pre-auction short position. Third, primary dealers with higher pre-auction short positions assign lower values to the auctioned security. Based on our findings, we propose policy recommendations that would allow the US Treasury to increase taxpayers’ revenue.
"But I Want That One": Consumer Citizenship and the Politics of Exclusion, Public Space and Homelessness in the Gay Ghetto

In this paper I will first describe how commodities are ‘promiscuously’ displayed by homeless queer youth in San Francisco in their attempts to pass as not only normal, but affluent. I will argue that when a youth successfully displays the signs of these commodities, they become part of a prosthetic shield that wraps around him or her. These shields protect homeless queer youth from the status degradation inherent in being classified as homeless. Thereby, homeless queer youth use the sign of the commodity to prevent being continually marked by spoiled identities. Their struggles reveal contradictions in the differential allocation of citizenship in which those who pass as ‘normal’ are granted the right to consume public space unmolested. I will conclude by suggesting that there has been a primarily unobserved convergence of neoliberal social policies within both San Francisco and gay politics detrimental to poor and otherwise marginal people.
Luminescent Flash Avoidance in the Nocturnal Crab Portunus Xantusii: I. The Effects of Luminescence and Mechanical Stimulation on Heart Rate

In crabs, the ratio of the heart rate before to that after sensory stimulation (the response ratio) provides a reliable indicator of the effects of sensory stimulation on cardiac activity. The nocturnally active crab Portunus xantusii (Stimpson) exhibits rapid decreases in heart rate in response to the luminescent flashes produced by the sea pansy Renilla kollikeri (Pfeffer) and to mechanical stimulation. Crabs move away from luminescent and mechanical stimuli and this behavior is well correlated with the cardiac responses. Therefore, cardiac response ratios can be used as a reliable bioassay to determine the components of sensory stimuli that are important in eliciting behavioral responses. The similar cardiac responses to both luminescent and mechanical stimuli suggest that a single command pathway may be responsiblefor triggering startle behavior in response to a wide variety of rapid, brief and intense sensory stimuli. Heart rate also varied depending on the body size of the crab and the ambient temperature. Small crabs had faster heart rates than larger crabs, and the relationship between heart rate and body size is described by the equation: f H=794.3 x −059222, where f H is heart rate in beats per minute and x is carapace length in millimeters.Heart rate increased with increasing temperature over a range of 10–22 °C, but no further increases occurred at higher temperatures. The Q10 for the range 10–20°C was 1.8.
Conflicting Accountabilities in the 2012 Health Care Reforms in England

Analyzing the legislative process of the 2012 Health and Social Care Act in Britain, we investigate the different uses of “accountability” in the committee debates. Based on the minutes of the Public Bill Committee from 2010 to 2011, we examine the contested accountability relationships in relation to the Secretary of State for Health, the Monitor, and the Health and Wellbeing Boards. On the one hand, we discern a shift away from traditional forms of accountability toward professional, managerial, and legal forms of accountability. On the other hand, we note how the concept of “accountability” is used in various ways to gloss this shift over, whilst traditional political accountability is reasserted.
A Theory of Bank Capital

Banks can create liquidity precisely because deposits are fragile and prone to runs. Increased uncertainty makes deposits excessively fragile, creating a role for outside bank capital. Greater bank capital reduces the probability of financial distress but also reduces liquidity creation. The quantity of capital influences the amount that banks can induce borrowers to pay. Optimal bank capital structure trades off effects on liquidity creation, costs of bank distress, and the ability to force borrower repayment. The model explains the decline in bank capital over the last two centuries. It identifies overlooked consequences of having regulatory capital requirements and deposit insurance.
Informal Payments and the Financing of Health Care in Developing and Transition Countries

Informal, under-the-table payments to public health care providers are increasingly viewed as a critically important source of health care financing in developing and transition countries. With minimal funding levels and limited accountability, publicly financed and delivered care falls prey to illegal payments, which require payments that can exceed 100 percent of a country's median income. Methods to address the abuse include establishing official fees, combined with improved oversight and accountability for public health care providers, and a role for communities in holding providers accountable.
Social Learning for Collaborative Natural Resource Management

This article contributes to understanding about the potential and limitations of social learning for collaborative natural resource management. Participants in a deliberative planning process involving a state agency and local communities developed common purpose and collaborative relationships, two requisites of comanagement. Eight process characteristics fostered social learning: open communication, diverse participation, unrestrained thinking, constructive conflict, democratic structure, multiple sources of knowledge, extended engagement, and facilitation. Social learning is necessary but not sufficient for collaborative management. Other requisites for comanagement, including capacity, appropriate processes, appropriate structures, and supportive policies, are necessary to sustain joint action.
Foreign Direct Investment in Ghana: Patterns of Activity, Distribution and the Role of Government Policy

ABSTRACT Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is playing an increasingly important role in the development efforts of many developing countries. As a result competition to attract FDI among developing countries has heightened. This paper provides a descriptive account of the trends and patterns of FDI in Ghana and the role of government policy in attracting FDI into Ghana's emerging economy. This article uses both official annual aggregate data and project level information to examine trends over time, ownership type of FDI, geographical location of projects, distribution by sector and evaluates the key components of the government reforms programme.
Dietary fiber and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.

BACKGROUND Few epidemiologic studies of dietary fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease have compared fiber types (cereal, fruit, and vegetable) or included sex-specific results. The purpose of this study was to conduct a pooled analysis of dietary fiber and its subtypes and risk of coronary heart disease. METHODS We analyzed the original data from 10 prospective cohort studies from the United States and Europe to estimate the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of coronary heart disease. RESULTS Over 6 to 10 years of follow-up, 5249 incident total coronary cases and 2011 coronary deaths occurred among 91058 men and 245186 women. After adjustment for demographics, body mass index, and lifestyle factors, each 10-g/d increment of energy-adjusted and measurement error-corrected total dietary fiber was associated with a 14% (relative risk [RR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.96) decrease in risk of all coronary events and a 27% (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.87) decrease in risk of coronary death. For cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intake (not error corrected), RRs corresponding to 10-g/d increments were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-1.07), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-0.99), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.88-1.13), respectively, for all coronary events and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63-0.91), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55-0.89), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.82-1.23), respectively, for deaths. Results were similar for men and women. CONCLUSION Consumption of dietary fiber from cereals and fruits is inversely associated with risk of coronary heart disease.