Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A hybrid formalism combining fluctuating hydrodynamics and generalized Langevin dynamics for the simulation of nanoparticle thermal motion in an incompressible fluid medium

A novel hybrid scheme based on Markovian fluctuating hydrodynamics of the fluid and a non-Markovian Langevin dynamics with the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise perturbing the translational and rotational equations of motion of the nanoparticle is employed to study the thermal motion of a nanoparticle in an incompressible Newtonian fluid medium. A direct numerical simulation adopting an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) based finite element method (FEM) is employed in simulating the thermal motion of a particle suspended in the fluid confined in a cylindrical vessel. The results for thermal equilibrium between the particle and the fluid are validated by comparing the numerically predicted temperature of the nanoparticle with that obtained from the equipartition theorem. The nature of the hydrodynamic interactions is verified by comparing the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) and mean squared displacement (MSD) with well-known analytical results. For nanoparticle motion in an incompressible fluid, the fluctuating hydrodynamics approach resolves the hydrodynamics correctly but does not impose the correct equipartition of energy based on the nanoparticle mass because of the added mass of the displaced fluid. In contrast, the Langevin approach with an appropriate memory is able to show the correct equipartition of energy, but not the correct short- and long-time hydrodynamic correlations. Using our hybrid approach presented here, we show for the first time, that we can simultaneously satisfy the equipartition theorem and the (short- and long-time) hydrodynamic correlations. In effect, this results in a thermostat that also simultaneously preserves the true hydrodynamic correlations. The significance of this result is that our new algorithm provides a robust computational approach to explore nanoparticle motion in arbitrary geometries and flow fields, while simultaneously enabling us to study carrier adhesion mediated by biological reactions (receptor–ligand interactions) at the vessel wall at a specified finite temperature.
The role of cognition in tinnitus

Conclusions: The role of cognition in tinnitus is difficult to ignore. First, tinnitus is likely to disrupt cognitive functioning, and there are some indications that tinnitus patients have impaired capacity to perform certain cognitive tasks. Second, evidence is emerging that tinnitus patients show cognitive bias in the way they handle information. Such information processing style suggests either depressive functioning, or anxious vigilance, or both. Finally, self-report measures of tinnitus distress all require conscious recollection of how tinnitus is perceived and the consequences of tinnitus. Such reports necessitate cognitive capacity. Objectives: To review the literature on the interface between cognitive function and tinnitus, with special regard to the role of different levels of information processing. Materials and methods: A selective systematic literature search was conducted using the search engines of Medline and Psychological Abstracts, and by hand search of conference proceedings. Results: There are yet relatively few published studies on cognitive functioning in tinnitus patients. Most research has been conducted by a few separate research groups. However, the available studies clearly implicate an important role of cognitive processes at different levels from basic cognitive function to more conscious appraisal of the consequences of tinnitus. Finally, a tentative model of the road from tinnitus generation to annoyance via cognitive function is suggested.
The RNA‐binding protein Musashi 1 stabilizes the oncotachykinin 1 mRNA in breast cancer cells to promote cell growth

Substance P and its truncated receptor exert oncogenic effects. The high production of substance P in breast cancer cells (BC Cs) is caused by the enhancement of tachykinin (TAC) 1 translation by cytosolic factor. In vitro translational studies and mRNA stabilization analyses indicate that BCCs contain the factor needed to increase TAC1 translation and to stabilize the mRNA. Prediction of protein folding, RNA‐shift analysis, and proteomic analysis identified a 40 kDa molecule that interacts with the non‐coding exon 7. Western blot analysis and RNA supershift identified Musashi 1 (Msi1) as the binding protein. Ectopic expression of TAC1 in nontumorigenic breast cells (BCs) indicates that TAC1 regulates its stability by increasing Msi1. Using a reporter gene system, we showed that Msi1 competes with microRNA (miR)130a and ‐206 for the 3' UTR of exon 7/TAC1. In the absence of Msi1 and miR130a and ‐206, reporter gene activity decreased, indicating that Msi1 expression limits TAC1 expression. Tumor growth was significantly decreased when nude BALB/c mice were injected with Msi1‐knockdown BCCs. In summary, the RNA‐binding protein Msi1 competes with miR130a and ‐206 for interaction with TAC1 mRNA, to stabilize and increase its translation. Consequently, these interactions increase tumor growth. —Nahas, G. R. , Murthy, R. G. , Patel, S. A. , Ganta, T. , Greco, S. J., Rameshwar P. The RNA‐binding protein Musashi 1 stabilizes the oncotachykinin 1 mRNA in breast cancer cells to promote cell growth. FASEB J. 30, 149‐159 (2016). www.fasebj. org
Capital Stock Estimation in Hungary: A Brief Description of Methodolgy and Results

The capital stock in Hungary was estimated using two approaches: one based on the historical time series of investments and the other based on direct survey data. The two approaches resulted in significantly different levels of net capital stock estimations: the level estimated by cumulating investments is approximately 50 percent of the level calculated from the survey data. Although the historical investment series is considered to be less reliable, it was found that the investments-based estimation provides more acceptable results by international standards. During the estimation, several issues emerged that strongly relate to the transition process, and therefore have not been discussed in the “classical” literature on the capital stock. We found no reliable information on how to estimate the one-off depreciation of non-competitive capital assets that were activated before the 1990s and also found it difficult to give assumptions for the changes in service life before and after the transition period. However, the sensitivity analysis showed that the alternative assumptions lead to only slight differences in the estimated accumulation path of the capital stock, and consequently strengthened the hypothesis that our results were quite robust. We also made a crosscheck using the growth accounting framework, and found that the estimated capital stock generated a TFP dynamics that is in accordance with international experience.
The Political Economy of Institutional Change and Economic Development in Latin American Economies

This inquiry explores crises facing developmental states in Latin America related to their national strategies for economic growth. Some patterns commonly associated with an import substitution strategy are argued to be rooted in structural and institutional variables related to an abundance of natural resources. However, with the demise of national development strategies after the 1980s, external and internal efforts and measures stemming from big business and financial capital challenged the developmental state. During the 1990s countries in Latin and South America followed similar patterns toward financial integration. Failures related to this recent strategy opened space for a new development policy.
G‐protein‐coupled GABAB receptors inhibit Ca2+ channels and modulate transmitter release in descending turtle spinal cord terminal synapsing motoneurons

Presynaptic γ‐aminobutyric acid type B receptors (GABABRs) regulate transmitter release at many central synapses by inhibiting Ca2+ channels. However, the mechanisms by which GABABRs modulate neurotransmission at descending terminals synapsing on motoneurons in the spinal cord remain unexplored. To address this issue, we characterized the effects of baclofen, an agonist of GABABRs, on the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in motoneurons by stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) terminals in a slice preparation from the turtle spinal cord. We found that baclofen depressed neurotransmission in a dose‐dependent manner (IC50 of ∼2 μM). The membrane time constant of the motoneurons did not change, whereas the amplitude ratio of the evoked EPSPs in response to a paired pulse was altered in the presence of the drug, suggesting a presynaptic mechanism. Likewise, the use of N‐ and P/Q‐type Ca2+ channel antagonists (ω‐conotoxin GVIA and ω‐agatoxin IVA, respectively) also depressed EPSPs significantly. Therefore, these channels are likely involved in the Ca2+ influx that triggers transmitter release from DLF terminals. To determine whether the N and P/Q channels were regulated by GABABR activation, we analyzed the action of the toxins in the presence of baclofen. Interestingly, baclofen occluded ω‐conotoxin GVIA action by ∼50% without affecting ω‐agatoxin IVA inhibition, indicating that the N‐type channels are the target of GABABRs. Lastly, the mechanism underlying this effect was further assessed by inhibiting G‐proteins with N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM). Our data show that EPSP depression caused by baclofen was prevented by NEM, suggesting that GABABRs inhibit N‐type channels via G‐protein activation. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:642–654, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FracturesStandard of Care for Vertebral Compression Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: A Developing

Acrylic cements have been used for the augmentation of weakened or partially destroyed bones for decades (1). The term vertebroplasty originally described an open surgical procedure that introduces bone graft or acrylic cement to mechanically augment weakened vertebral bodies. Polymethylme-thacrylate (PMMA) is the acrylic most commonly used as a bone ﬁller
House Prices, Wealth and Consumption: New Evidence from Australia and Canada

Over the past two decades, a number of countries have experienced appreciation in house prices at the same time that aggregate consumption has increased. This paper tests alternative hypotheses for this phenomenon by using repeated household surveys from Australia and Canada to identify the transmission mechanism that links consumption and household wealth. The empirical analysis suggests that neither a direct wealth effect nor a common causal factor likely accounts for the observed correlation between wealth and consumption in these two countries. Rather, indirect factors such as collateral effects arising from relaxation of credit constraints are a more likely explanation.
The Privatization of Standardization: Enclosure of Knowledge and Policy in the Age of Digital Information

The Privatization of Standardization: Enclosure of Knowledge and Policy in the Age of Digital Information Timothy D. Schoechle Ph.D., Communication University of Colorado, Boulder, 2004 Dissertation directed by Professor Stewart Hoover This is a study of the standardization process and establishment of technical standards that define virtually every artifact of the modem world. In the information and communication technology field, such standards specify everything from the prongs on plugs to software protocols that make the Internet work. Historically, standards have been set largely by volunteers in committees operating within a range of environments, institutional rules and social practice, but they generally have espoused traditional principles of accessibility, democratic deliberation, public accountability and balanced stakeholder representation. A recent trend that has prompted much discussion is the increasing privatization of standardization activities under various corporations, trade associations, and consortia. This trend is far removed from the traditional, and, as claimed, more “open” and “democratic”, practices of voluntary consensus committees. Because standards play a powerful role in shaping technologies and their diffusion into society, the trend raises significant public policy issues about how the public interest may be represented and served in today’s digital information age that is increasingly dependent on technical standards. Within fields of law and public policy, an oppositional discourse has emerged concerning the privatization or “enclosure” of ideas—analogous to the land enclosure movement in 16th century England—and on the expansion of intellectual property rights, resulting in the “fencing off’ of the intellectual commons. Since standardization practice can be viewed as a collaborative effort in idea formation—an intellectual commons—this study uses the enclosure discourse as a framework for examining the debate over the privatization of standards. This study, which draws upon a theoretical perspective of political economy and theories of the public sphere, applies methods of discourse analysis and historiography in examining the quest for legitimization by consortia and arguments for their inclusion in the international standards system. Furthermore, the study seeks to clarify the discourse on standards and standardization by showing how the ideas and arguments that form, apply, and justify policy decisions rely on symbols, beliefs, and ideologies that are rhetorically constituted. It is further argued that key terms used in the discourse, i.e., open, public, and private, are often ill defined and
Building locally relevant ethics curricula for nursing education in Botswana.

AIM The goal of this multi-institutional collaboration was to develop an innovative, locally relevant ethics curriculum for nurses in Botswana. BACKGROUND Nurses in Botswana face ethical challenges that are compounded by lack of resources, pressures to handle tasks beyond training or professional levels, workplace stress and professional isolation. Capacity to teach nursing ethics in the classroom and in professional practice settings has been limited. METHODS A pilot curriculum, including cases set in local contexts, was tested with nursing faculty in Botswana in 2012. RESULTS Thirty-three per cent of the faculty members indicated they would be more comfortable teaching ethics. A substantial number of faculty members were more likely to introduce the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics in teaching, practice and mentoring as a result of the training. Based on evaluation data, curricular materials were developed using the Code and the regulatory requirements for nursing practice in Botswana. A web-based repository of sample lectures, discussion cases and evaluation rubrics was created to support the use of the materials. DISCUSSION A new master degree course, Nursing Ethics in Practice, has been proposed for fall 2015 at the University of Botswana. The modular nature of the materials and the availability of cases set within the context of clinical nurse practice in Botswana make them readily adaptable to various student academic levels and continuing professional development programmes. CONCLUSION The ICN Code of Ethics for Nursing is a valuable teaching tool in developing countries when taught using locally relevant case materials and problem-based teaching methods. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The approach used in the development of a locally relevant nursing ethics curriculum in Botswana can serve as a model for nursing education and continuing professional development programmes in other sub-Saharan African countries to enhance use of the ICN Code of Ethics in nursing practice.
of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization CONTROVERSIES OVER THE ADOPTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS GMOs : Prospects for Productivity Increases in Developing Countries

There are two mechanisms by which modern genetically modified organism (GMO) products can affect productivity in developing countries. The first is the ‘Genes for Rent’ mechanism where a recipient country agrees with a GMO company to incorporate a GMO product (e.g., a Bt gene in cotton varieties) and pay a technology fee. The second is the ‘Transgenic Breeding’ mechanism in which National Agricultural Research System (NARS) breeders use modern biotech methods marker-aided breeding, genetic maps, and genomics research to produce GMO traits of economic value in crop varieties. The first mechanism requires little skill on the part of the recipient country (the GMO supplier will incorporate the gene into a number of varieties). But these GMO products are of little value in “traditional” crop varieties. Few countries have the Intellectual Property Rights or regulatory regimes at present to support this mechanism. The second mechanism is very demanding of skills by NARS breeders. Only a few NARS programs (notably China, India, Brazil, Argentina, and a few other countries) are investing in these skills. The promise of GMO-based productivity gains in developing countries is thus constrained. Only a few countries are positioned to pursue both mechanisms.
Isolation, characterization and molecular phylogeny of multiple metal tolerant and antibiotics resistant bacterial isolates from river Ganga, Varanasi, India

Abstract The present study was focused on the isolation of multiple metal tolerant and antibiotics resistant bacterial strains from water samples of five different Ghats of River Ganga, Varanasi, India. These strains were biochemically characterized and their phylogenetic relatedness was assumed using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis fingerprinting and 16S ribosomal gene sequencing. The presence of heterogeneous groups of bacteria belonging to alpha, beta, gamma proteobacteria, and bacilli was noticed. Some of the bacterial strains like Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter, and Proteus vulgaris were mainly found at the Dashashwamedh Ghat and the Assi Ghat showing minimum inhibitory concentration 200–300 mg/L for copper, nickel, lead, and chromium. Comamonas sp. mainly isolated from the Samne Ghat and the Rajendra Prasad Ghat was able to grow at very high concentration of lead viz. 400 mg/L. Some of the strains showed multidrug resistant property against 10 different antibiotics which are of most serious concern because these drugs are frequently used against various bacterial infections.
Consumers' perspectives on service staff with disabilities in the hospitality industry

Purpose – This exploratory study aims to investigate consumers' perceptions, attitudes, and purchase intention for restaurants that employ a significant amount of service staff with disabilities. The influences of consumers' characteristics and dining occasions on purchase intention were also examined. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employed a single-factor (dining occasion) experimental design. A convenient sample was used and a total of 192 consumers participated in this study. Findings – Consumers demonstrated a moderately positive purchase intention for a restaurant that employs a significant amount of service staff with disabilities; however, the purchase intention varied by dining occasions. The likelihood of choosing this type of restaurant was higher in a family/friends occasion than in business or romantic occasions. Research limitations/implications – This study employed a convenient sample and the findings might be limited to the casual dining restaurant context. Future research shou.
Cost-effective on-line partial discharge of measurements for cables

On-line partial discharge (PD) measurements are an efficient method for detecting certain insulation defects of cables. These include defects in cable joints and terminations, and defects due to mechanical impact. Noninvasive, efficient, and widely applicable, portable on-line PD measurement techniques are strongly favored by the electricity industry. Three on-site PD measurements for cables are described in this article to illustrate how the techniques achieve cost-effective insulation diagnosis to protect the main assets.
Nectar resource limitation affects butterfly flight performance and metabolism differently in intensive and extensive agricultural landscapes

Flight is an essential biological ability of many insects, but is energetically costly. Environments under rapid human-induced change are characterized by habitat fragmentation and may impose constraints on the energy income budget of organisms. This may, in turn, affect locomotor performance and willingness to fly. We tested flight performance and metabolic rates in meadow brown butterflies (Maniola jurtina) of two contrasted agricultural landscapes: intensively managed, nectar-poor (IL) versus extensively managed, nectar-rich landscapes (EL). Young female adults were submitted to four nectar treatments (i.e. nectar quality and quantity) in outdoor flight cages. IL individuals had better flight capacities in a flight mill and had lower resting metabolic rates (RMR) than EL individuals, except under the severest treatment. Under this treatment, RMR increased in IL individuals, but decreased in EL individuals; flight performance was maintained by IL individuals, but dropped by a factor 2.5 in EL individuals. IL individuals had more canalized (i.e. less plastic) responses relative to the nectar treatments than EL individuals. Our results show significant intraspecific variation in the locomotor and metabolic response of a butterfly to different energy income regimes relative to the landscape of origin. Ecophysiological studies help to improve our mechanistic understanding of the eco-evolutionary impact of anthropogenic environments on rare and widespread species.
GBF1 differentially regulates CAT2 and PAD4 transcription to promote pathogen defense in Arabidopsis thaliana

G-BOX BINDING FACTOR 1 (GBF1) influences light-regulated seedling development in Arabidopsis, and inhibits CATALASE 2 (CAT2) expression during senescence. CAT2 functions as a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide. The role of GBF1 in the defense response is not known. We report here that GBF1 positively influences the defense against virulent and avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae. The gbf1 mutants are susceptible, whereas GBF1 over-expresser transgenic plants are resistant to bacterial pathogens. GBF1 negatively regulates pathogen-induced CAT2 expression and thereby positively regulates the hypersensitive response. In addition to CAT2 promoter, GBF1 binds to the G-box-like element present in the intron of PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4). This association of GBF1 with PAD4 intron is enhanced upon pathogenesis. GBF1 positively regulates PAD4 transcription in an intron-dependent manner. GBF1-mediated positive regulation of PAD4 expression is also evident in gbf1 mutant and GBF1 over-expression lines. Similar to pad4 mutants, pathogen-induced camalexin and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, and expression of SA-inducible PATHOGENESIS RELATED1 (PR1) gene are compromised in the gbf1 mutant. Exogenous application of SA rescues the loss-of-defense phenotypes of gbf1 mutant. Thus, altogether, our results demonstrate that GBF1 is an important component of the plant defense response that functions upstream of SA accumulation and, by oppositely regulating CAT2 and PAD4, promotes disease resistance in Arabidopsis.