Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods for increasing cohesion in automatically extracted summaries of Swedish news articles

Developments in deep learning and machine learning overall has created a plethora of opportunities for easier training of automatic text summarization (ATS) models for producing summaries with higher quality. ATS can be split into extractive and abstractive tasks; extractive models extract sentences from the original text to create summaries. On the contrary, ab-stractive models generate novel sentences to create summaries. While extractive summaries are often preferred over abstractive ones, summaries created by extractive models trained on Swedish texts often lack cohesion, which a ff ects the readability and overall quality of the summary. Therefore, there is a need to improve the process of training ATS models in terms of cohesion, while maintaining other text qualities such as content coverage. This thesis explores and implements methods at the data-processing stage aimed at improving cohesion of generated summaries. The methods are based around Sentence-BERT for creating advanced sentence embeddings that can be used to rank sentences in a text in terms of if it should be included in the extractive summary or not. Three models are trained using di ff erent methods and evaluated using ROUGE, BERTScore for measuring content coverage and Coh-Metrix for measuring cohesion. The results of the evaluation suggest that the methods can indeed be used to create more cohesive summaries, although content coverage was reduced, which gives rise to the potential for extensive future exploration of further implementation.
A Propagation Simulator for Land Mobile Satellite Communications

The performance of a mobile satellite communications link can be determined by the propagation path between a satellite and mobile users. Some of the most important factors are multipath propagation and vegetative shadowing. System designers should have the most reliable information about the statistics of fade duration in order to determine fade margin or to compensate for the fades using modulation and coding scheme. This report describes a simulator, PROSIM, developed at Virginia Tech for simulating a propagation model in land mobile satellite communications. The simulator is based on a random number generator that generates data sets to compute statistics of the propagation channel. Performance of the simulator was evaluated by comparing statistics from an analytical model and experimental data provided by W. Vogel of Univ. of Texas at Austin and J. Goldhirsh of the Applied Physics Laboratory. New expressions for phasor plot and its mathematical expression for lognormal channel were derived and were simulated. Finally, the advantages of the simulator using random number generator in simulating the propagation model are described. iii Acknowledgements
Prior with Far-Field Stress Approximation for Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

Fractures are frequently encountered in reservoirs used for geothermal heat extraction, CO2 storage, and other subsurface applications. Their signiﬁcant impact on ﬂow and transport requires accurate characterisation for performance estimation and risk assessment. However, fractures, and particularly their apertures, are usually associated with large uncertainties. Data assimilation (or history matching) is a well-established tool for reducing uncertainty and improving simulation results. In recent years, ensemble-based methods like the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ESMDA) have gained popularity. A key aspect of those methods is a well-constructed prior ensemble that accurately reﬂects available knowledge. Here, we consider a geological scenario where fracture opening is primarily created by shearing and assume a known fracture geometry. Generating prior realisations of aperture with geomechanical simulators might become computationally prohibitive, while purely stochastic approaches might not incorporate all available geological knowledge. We therefore introduce the far-ﬁeld stress approximation (FFSA), a proxy model in which this stress is projected onto the fracture planes and shear displacement is approximated with linear elastic theory. We thereby compensate for modelling errors by introducing additional uncertainty in the underlying model parameters. The FFSA eﬃciently generates reasonable prior realisations at low computational costs. The resulting posterior ensemble obtained from our ESMDA framework matches the ﬂow and transport behaviour of the synthetic reference at measurement locations and improves the estimation of the fracture apertures. These results markedly outperform those obtained from prior ensembles based on two na¨ıve stochastic approaches, thus underlining the importance of accurate prior modelling.
Update and Acceleration of Health Care Using Artificial Intelligence in Medical Treatments and Diagnostics

AbstractResearchers support the growth of artificial intelligence and similar methods in health and medical care for the purpose of continuously improving processes. By focusing on the growth on data analytics, statistics, applied mathematics, and computer methods including machine learning, the future of health-care methods will change. The development of computerized methods and the growth of data systems produce ample materials for artificial intelligence to develop and to bring physician assistance programs to enable continuous improvement resulting in superior health and medical care. This includes applications in intensive care as well as diagnostic therapies. The focus is on examples in the use of the promising developments in data science methods, the accumulation of medical and research data. With quality and continuous improvement in process control applications where one determines the usefulness of data analytics, there are great possibilities of change in the improvement in medical applications as well as the management of medical and health-care treatment and diagnostic facilities.
An integrated, physically based model for arid region flash flood prediction capable of simulating dynamic transmission loss

This paper outlines a physically based model developed for prediction of both arid region flash floods and associated transmission loss. It is based on coupling numerical solutions of the St Venant equations and the kinematic wave equation for channel and overland flow routing, respectively, with the Richards' equation for the determination of infiltration. These hydrological components are integrated in one comprehensive model for the above-mentioned purposes. The robustness of the model and its components have been tested and it has then been applied to a medium-size catchment in an arid region. The results indicate that reasonable simulations can be achieved with a minimum of calibration, but point to problems of representing input rainfall conditions with the necessary time and space resolutions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated study of microstructural, geochemical, and seismic properties of the lithospheric mantle above the Kerguelen plume (Indian Ocean)

Peridotite xenoliths brought up to the surface by the volcanism of the Kerguelen Islands represent a mantle that has been affected by a high degree of partial melting followed by intense melt percolation above the Kerguelen plume. These xenoliths are therefore particularly suitable to investigate effects of melt‐rock interaction on crystallographic fabrics (lattice‐preferred orientation (LPO)) of peridotite minerals and on the LPO‐induced seismic properties of peridotites above a mantle plume. We have studied a suite of 16 ultramafic samples representative of different degrees of partial melting and magma‐rock interaction among which the protogranular harzburgites are the least metasomatised xenoliths and dunites are the ultimate stage of metasomatism. Olivine LPO is characterized by high concentration of [010] axes perpendicular to the foliation and [100] axes close to the lineation or distributed in the foliation plane in harzburgites, whereas the high concentration of [100] axes is parallel to the lineation and [010] axes is perpendicular to the assumed foliation in dunites. Olivine LPO in harzburgites is interpreted as being due to a deformation regime in axial compression or transpression. The fabric strength of olivine decreases progressively from protogranular to poikilitic harzburgites and finally to dunites, for which it remains nevertheless significant (J index 3.8). Seismic properties calculated from LPO of minerals indicate that metasomatism at higher melt/rock ratio lowers the P wave velocities. The most significant difference between harzburgites and dunites corresponds to the distribution of S wave anisotropy. Harzburgites display the maximum of anisotropy within the foliation plane and the minimum of anisotropy perpendicular to the foliation plane, whereas the lowest anisotropy is parallel to the lineation for dunites. These modifications of seismic properties as a result of metasomatic processes may induce seismic heterogeneities in the mantle above the Kerguelen plume. In addition, assuming a lithospheric mantle primarily harzburgitic and structured with a horizontal foliation, the seismic properties calculated for the Kerguelen xenoliths reconcile the rather high anisotropy evidenced by the horizontally propagating surface waves with the apparent isotropy revealed by the absence of splitting of vertically propagating teleseismic SKS waves recorded by the GEOSCOPE Kerguelen station.
Infection, Genetics and Evolution

Norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide in all age groups, and asymptomatic individuals may contribute to NoV transmission as a reservoir. Nonetheless, little information is available regarding asymptomatic NoV infection in Indonesia. We performed an epidemiological analysis of NoV infection among asymptomatic healthy volunteers in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia (population ~2.75 million). A total of 512 stool samples from 18 individuals (age range 20 – 42 years) collected from July 2015 to June 2016 were examined. The detection of NoV and the genotype classi ﬁ cation were carried out by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) direct sequencing method. NoV was detected in 14 of the 512 stool samples (2.7%), with 7 individuals (38.9%) having at least 1 positive stool sample. All 14 of the NoV strains detected belonged to genogroup GII. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that 10 strains (71.4%) were grouped with GII.2, 2 (14.3%) were GII.17, 1 was GII.4 Sydney 2012, and 1 was GII.1. The circulation of GII.Pg/GII.1 and GII.Pe/ GII.4 Sydney 2012 recombinant variants was detected among an asymptomatic population in Surabaya, Indonesia. Of the 7 positive individuals, 2 were repeatedly infected with the same strain and heterogenous strains. Taken together, our results suggest that the excretion of NoV from healthy individuals is one of the sources of NoV outbreak.
IMPA1 dependent regulation of plasma membrane 1 4,5-bisphosphate turnover and calcium 2 signalling by lithium

37 Lithium (Li) is a widely used as a mood stabilizer in the clinical management of Bipolar 38 Affective Disorder (BPAD). However, the molecular targets of Li in neural cells that underpin 39 its therapeutic effect remain unresolved. Inositol monophosphatase (IMPA1), is an enzyme 40 involved in the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) following 41 receptor-activated phospholipase C (PLC) signalling. In vitro , Li inhibits IMPA1, but the 42 relevance of this inhibition within neural cells remains unknown. Here we report that in 43 human cells, treatment with therapeutically relevant concentrations of Li reduces receptor 44 activated calcium release from intracellular stores and also delays the resynthesis of PIP 2 45 following receptor activated PLC signalling. Both these effects of Li are abrogated in cells 46 where IMPA1 has been deleted. We also observed that in human forebrain cortical neurons, 47 treatment with Li results in reduced neuronal excitability as well as reduced calcium signals 48 following receptor activated PLC signalling. Following Li treatment of human forebrain 49 cortical neurons, transcriptome analyses reveal downregulation of multiple components of 50 the glutamate receptor signalling system. Glutamate is a key excitatory neurotransmitter in 51 the human brain and thus our findings provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying the 52 dampening of neuronal excitability following Li treatment. Collectively, our findings suggest 53 that Li inhibits receptor activated PLC signalling leading to an altered transcriptional 54 response and reduced neuronal excitability. 55 56 57 58 59 61 Our findings open new approaches to predict Li responsiveness in and develop novel strategies for the clinical management of
Flexible Imputation of Missing Data

Basics Introduction The problem of missing data Concepts of MCAR, MAR and MNAR Simple solutions that do not (always) work Multiple imputation in a nutshell Goal of the book What the book does not cover Structure of the book Exercises Multiple imputation Historic overview Incomplete data concepts Why and when multiple imputation works Statistical intervals and tests Evaluation criteria When to use multiple imputation How many imputations? Exercises Univariate missing data How to generate multiple imputations Imputation under the normal linear normal Imputation under non-normal distributions Predictive mean matching Categorical data Other data types Classification and regression trees Multilevel data Non-ignorable methods Exercises Multivariate missing data Missing data pattern Issues in multivariate imputation Monotone data imputation Joint Modeling Fully Conditional Specification FCS and JM Conclusion Exercises Imputation in practice Overview of modeling choices Ignorable or non-ignorable? Model form and predictors Derived variables Algorithmic options Diagnostics Conclusion Exercises Analysis of imputed data What to do with the imputed data? Parameter pooling Statistical tests for multiple imputation Stepwise model selection Conclusion Exercises Case studies Measurement issues Too many columns Sensitivity analysis Correct prevalence estimates from self-reported data Enhancing comparability Exercises Selection issues Correcting for selective drop-out Correcting for non-response Exercises Longitudinal data Long and wide format SE Fireworks Disaster Study Time raster imputation Conclusion Exercises Extensions Conclusion Some dangers, some do's and some don'ts Reporting Other applications Future developments Exercises Appendices: Software R S-Plus Stata SAS SPSS Other software References Author Index Subject Index
Biomechanical effects of using a passive upper-limb exoskeleton to assist firefighters during vehicle extrication maneuver

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Biomechanical effects of using a passive upper-limb exoskeleton to assist firefighters during vehicle extrication maneuver P Maurice, S Lemonnier, N Kohili, L Cavagnac, G Mornieux
Low‐grade metamorphism in the Palaeozoic sequences of the Townsville hinterland, northeastern Australia

The transition from diagenesis to low‐grade metamorphism for the Ordovician ‐ Early Carboniferous sequences of the Burdekin and Clarke River Basins and the Broken River ‐ Camel Creek region is characterised by b ‐cell dimension and Kübler Index (KI = illite crystallinity) of K‐white micas, clay‐mineral assemblages and conodont colour alteration index (CAI). Data indicate that: (i) there is a regional metamorphic pattern characterised by anchizonal conditions, with consistently higher grade in the Camel Creek region (or Subprovince); (ii) anomalies are explicable in terms of location relative to areas of differing intensity of deformation (e.g. the Ruxton Formation) and inferred greater depth of burial (e.g. southern versus northern outcrop tracts of Quinton Formation); (iii) the regional pattern in the Broken River ‐ Gray Creek area shows general alignment with the regional grain; (iv) there is a generalised north to south increase in CAI for the Broken River region (‘Top Hut’ to Broken River, 6), with higher values towards the Montgomery Range intrusions; (v) in the Burdekin Basin, there arehigher CAI values north of Mt Podge and ‘Star’, and lower values (
y Integrating Cross-Border Acquisitions: A Process-oriented Approach

Acquisitions and mergers of equals often fail to deliver shareholder value, largely because poor integration practices do not allow synergies to be created. The issue has been addressed by several studies from two different research streams: the first looks at the combination of resources after the acquisitions and the second focuses on the human factor. We propose an integrated model where the effects of these key aspects are tested simultaneously and where three independent variables are included: the extent of planning and knowledge from previous acquisitions and knowledge from previous relationships. We believe that through the model managers can prioritise their actions and select an appropriate time horizon for the integration.
Exact Separation Logic: Towards Bridging the Gap Between Verification and Bug-Finding

Over-approximating (OX) program logics, such as separation logic (SL), are used for verifying properties of heap-manipulating programs: all terminating behaviour is characterised, but established results and errors need not be reachable. OX function specifications are thus incompatible with true bug-finding supported by symbolic execution tools such as Pulse and Pulse-X. In contrast, under-approximating (UX) program logics, such as incorrectness separation logic, are used to find true results and bugs: established results and errors are reachable, but there is no mechanism for understanding if all terminating behaviour has been characterised. We introduce exact separation logic (ESL), which provides fully-verified function specifications compatible with both OX verification and UX true bug-funding: all terminating behaviour is characterised, and all established results and errors are reachable. We prove soundness for ESL with mutually recursive functions, demonstrating, for the first time, function compositionality for a UX logic. We show that UX program logics require subtle definitions of internal and external function specifications compared with the familiar definitions of OX logics. We investigate the expressivity of ESL and, for the first time, explore the role of abstraction in UX reasoning by verifying abstract ESL specifications of various data-structure algorithms. In doing so, we highlight the difference between abstraction (hiding information) and over-approximation (losing information). Our findings demonstrate that, expectedly, abstraction cannot be used as freely in UX logics as in OX logics, but also that it should be feasible to use ESL to provide tractable function specifications for self-contained, critical code, which would then be used for both verification and true bug-finding.
Effect of Sediment Manipulation on the Biogeochemistry of Experimental Sediment Systems

Abstract Before biological or biogeochemical experimentation, sediments are often manipulated and defaunated with the use of many different approaches and only modest consideration of treatment effects on sediment biogeochemistry and fluxes. Mesocosm experiments require large quantities of sediment and no standard protocol to defaunate and equilibrate muddy sediments before initiation of experiments has been determined. Using fine-grained sediments, we examined a number of treatments: (1) intact with macroinfauna; (2) intact, macroinfauna individually removed; (3) homogenized surface sediment with macrofauna; (4) homogenized deep sediment without macroinfauna; and (5) intact deep sediment without macroinfauna. In weekly batch core flux incubations, we measured dissolved oxygen, dinitrogen gas, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate plus nitrite (NO3− + NO2−), silicate (Si), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) fluxes over a 5-week period. In addition, we determined porewater ammonium concentrations over time. Different sediment preparation techniques, with the same muddy sediment, significantly affected nutrient and gas fluxes, and the amount of nutrient and gas fluxes differed between sediment preparation techniques. Severely manipulated sediments, such as homogenized treatments, had high initial effluxes but eventually equilibrated to lower and more constant nutrient and gas fluxes. Moreover, biogeochemical flux changes for all treatments became similar after about 2 to 3 weeks. Sieved sediments exhibited low fluxes over the entire 5-week period, and flux rates did not change over time. A feasible method for sediment preparation for mesocosm studies is to use homogenized deep sediment equilibrated over an almost 2-week period. Overall, sediment preparation and the time after sediment manipulation affect sediment biogeochemical processes and must be considered before initiating experiments.
Interannual variations of shallow firn temperature at Greenland summit

Abstract Firn-temperature profiles are calculated in a thermal model using continuous surface temperatures derived from automatic weather station data and passive-microwave data in the Greenland summit region during the period 1987–99. the results show that significant interannual variations of mean summer (June–August) and annual temperatures occur in the top 15 m, in addition to the normal seasonal cycle of firn temperature. At 5 m depth, the seasonal cycle is damped to 13% of the surface seasonal range, but even at 15m about 1% or 0.6˚C of the seasonal cycle persists. Both summer and mean annual temperatures decrease from 1987 to 1992, followed by a general increasing trend. Interannual variability is 5˚C at the surface, but is dampened to 3.2˚C at 5 m depth and 0.7˚C at 15 m depth. Dampening of the interannual variability with depth is slower than dampening of the seasonal cycle, because of the longer time constant of the interannual variation. the warmer spring and summer temperatures experienced in the top 5 m, due to both the seasonal cycle and interannual variations, affect the rate of firn densification, which is non-linearly dependent on temperature. During the 12 year period 1987–99, the annual mean surface temperature is –29.2˚C, and the annual mean 15 m temperature is –30.1˚C, which is >1˚C warmer than a 15 mborehole temperature representing the period around 1959 and warmer than the best-fit temperature history by Alley and Koci (1990) back to AD 1500.