Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software psychology: The need for an interdisciplinary program

Research issues concerning human interaction with computers have become crucial because of dramatic increases in the number of computer users who have no formal mathematical, engineering, or computer science training. This review focuses on the state of the art in Software Psychology--the study of human factors in computer systems. One area of software psychology, the psychology of programming, is picked for an in-depth discussion of research results. This area was selected for its interest to the readers of the PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE. The review then discusses the methodological issues involved in performing experimental research in software psychology. Future trends are discussed both for the programming research reviewed here and for the whole field of software psychology. The conclusions identify multidisciplinary training and research as critical to further progress in this field.
Preemptive Investment, Toehold Entry, and the Mimicking Principle

This article explores the ability offirms to successfully enter against an initial monopolist by pursuing "toehold entry". sinking entry costs early and planning to produce only later. We endow the incumbent with strongfirst-mover advantages; for example, capital is the only input and is completely sunk, and in each period the incumbent invests before entrants. Nevertheless, the incumbent's profit can easily be negative if it tries to deter all entry when the market is growing. The incumbent may need prohibitive capital in place early on, because once toehold entry has occurred the incumbent's planned capital expansion might no longer be rational. Surprisingly, even if market conditions remain stationary, the incumbent may still allow some entry. In the model some firms are always deterred, showing that several firms can deter others more effectively than can a singlefirm. The difference arises because onefirm cannot commit to mimicking the (aggregate) investment path that several independent firms would choose. This "mimicking principle" offers a general perspective for understanding when a monopolist finds deterrence optimal.
Standardized Unexpected Earnings In The U. S. Technology Sector

Earnings surprise occurs when the firm’s reported earnings per share deviates from the street estimate. This study shows that earnings surprises are useful in identifying portfolios that yield excess returns in the U.S. tech sector. The tech portfolios with the most positive earnings surprises outperformed the tech portfolios with the most negative earnings surprises in terms of both mean and median returns in the U.S. stock market. The study demonstrates that arbitrage profits could be generated if investors bought (short sold) the tech stocks with the highest earnings surprises (the lowest) two or three months after the end of the quarter. The study demonstrates that this trading strategy is most effective when fewer rather than more financial analysts follow the firms.
The Management of Hydrocephalus in Children with Posterior Fossa Tumours: The Role of Pre-Resectional Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

Aims: The purpose of this retrospective case series was to determine the incidence of complications and outcomes associated with a primary management policy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) prior to posterior fossa tumour resection in a single paediatric neurosurgical unit. Methods: Between July 1999 and August 2007, 59 children with posterior fossa tumours were surgically managed. Based on presenting neurology, imaging criteria and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure during ventriculostomy, patients were categorised into no (n = 16), mild (6), moderate (22) or severe (15) hydrocephalus on admission. Results: Thirty-seven (63%) patients underwent ETV within (mean) 1.5 days of admission, and of those, 32 (87.1%) exhibited significant improvement in presenting symptomology immediately after ETV. Complications arising after ETV included CSF infection/meningitis (n = 2) and bleeding (n = 1). ETV failed in 5/37 patients over the follow-up period. There was a significant association between increasing severity of hydrocephalus before ETV and increased number of complications (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The use of pre-resectional ETV at this institution is an effective and safe procedure with a high success rate at up to 7.5 years of follow-up. We believe that all paediatric neurosurgical institutions should review their practice regarding hydrocephalus associated with posterior fossa tumours in the light of the controversy surrounding perioperative CSF diversion.
Impact of chronic plantar heel pain on health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND Chronic plantar heel pain (CPHP) is common and is thought to have a detrimental impact on health-related quality of life. However, no study has used normative data or a control data set for comparison of scores. Therefore, we describe the impact of CPHP on foot-specific and general health-related quality of life by comparing CPHP subjects with controls. METHODS Foot Health Status Questionnaire scores were compared in 80 subjects with CPHP and 80 sex- and age-matched controls without CPHP. RESULTS The CPHP group demonstrated significantly poorer foot-specific quality of life, as evidenced by lower scores on the foot pain, foot function, footwear, and general foot health domains of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. The group also demonstrated significantly poorer general health-related quality of life, with lower scores on the physical activity, social capacity, and vigor domains. In multivariate analysis, CPHP remained significantly and independently associated with Foot Health Status Questionnaire scores after adjustment for differences in body mass index. Age, sex, body mass index, and whether symptoms were unilateral or bilateral had no association with the degree of impairment in people with CPHP. CONCLUSION Chronic plantar heel pain has a significant negative impact on foot-specific and general health-related quality of life. The degree of negative impact does not seem to be associated with age, sex, or body mass index.
Realizing Benefits from Enterprise Resource Planning: Does Strategic Focus Matter?

A key driver of the recent wave of enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations was the assumption that the integration of business information would provide firms with a competitive advantage, yet concrete business benefits have been uneven across adopting firms. A possible explanation is that although the resource‐based view holds that competitive advantage is derived from inimitable resources, ERP software has become a commodity. Socio‐technical theory suggests that internal organizational resources based on a foundation of ERP technology may be the true drivers of ERP benefits. A firm's strategic configuration is posited to influence the portfolio of organizational competencies available to leverage the benefits of integrated business information, and a number of hypotheses are developed based on the notion that firms with different strategic objectives will realize different operational benefits from the adoption of ERP systems. Survey data from North American manufacturing firms that have implemented ERP systems demonstrate that ERP adopters seeking operational performance improvements are likely to realize these benefits. On the other hand, those seeking external market and supply chain performance improvements must first establish a foundation of internal operational performance improvements before customer satisfaction and supply chain benefits can be realized.
Combining Work and Study: an empirical study of full‐time students in school, college and university∗

Abstract Increasing proportions of students in full‐time education are routinely combining work with study which muddies the waters of the school‐to‐work transition. It is no longer appropriate to divide education and work and it is more useful to conceptualise the school‐to‐work transition as part of a life‐time learning process of transferable skills accrual. In a work experience undertaken for economic and social reasons students learn to reconcile the conflicting demands of work and study. Given the funding crisis in higher education and the likely exemption of young people from the National Minimum Wage, students can be expected to become even more entrenched as cheap and flexible labour. ∗A revised version of the paper presented at the ILM Conference 1997 ‘Understanding the school‐to‐work transition’ 16‐17 June, Aberdeen.
ATtACk - A methodology for realizing partially reconfigurable FPGA systems

Reconfigurable systems are expected to become more and more important as flexibility is becoming a requirement for many telecommunication applications. In this work, a methodology for handling dynamic partial reconfigurability is presented. The methodology builds on and extends the Rugby model and is applied to a case-study for implementation of two link-adaptation algorithms for WiMAX on a Xilinx Virtex-4 SX35 FPGA. The results indicate that implementation of dynamic partial reconfiguration can be handled well by the proposed methodology.
A Review of the Sustainable Forest Management Framework in Victoria, Australia: An Innovative Example of Sub-National Forest Policy

SUMMARY The State of Victoria, Australia has approximately 8.3 million hectares of forest, of which 7.1 million hectares of native eucalypt forest lies in the public jurisdiction. This paper describes recent sub-national policy developments in Victoria, where the State Government has adopted an innovative Sustainable Forest Management monitoring and reporting framework through a combination of legislative and policy processes. This has resulted in three inter-dependant policy tools designed specifically to define and demonstrate progress towards sustainable forest management in Victoria, as follows: 1) the Sustainability Charter for Victoria's State forests; 2) Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management in Victoria; and 3) Victoria's State of the Forests Report. The Victorian approach combines the government's desire for overarching and strategic policy statements with the need for structured monitoring and greater performance evaluation and transparency. We commend this approach as a successful example of government integrating international sustainable forest management principles into a sub-national political and legal framework.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Functionalized Phthalimides : A New Class of Antimalarials and Inhibitors of Falcipain-2 , a Major Hemoglobi-nase of Malaria Parasite

Please cite this article as: Singh, A.K. , Rajendran, V. , Pant, A. , Ghosh, P.C. , Singh, N. , Latha, N. , Garg, S. , Pandey, K.C. , Singh, B.K. , Rathi, B. , Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Functionalized Phthalimides: A New Class of Antimalarials and Inhibitors of Falcipain-2, a Major Hemoglobinase of Malaria Parasite, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry (2015), doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.bmc. 2015.02. 029
Herança Maldita e Política Monetária em um Modelo de Assimetria de Informação

In this paper we use a simple two-period model in which government's preferences are private information to show that a tough monetary stance may help in bringing inflation expectations to lower levels even if the fiscal side of the economy is not in good shape. True, a restrictive monetary policy leads to higher debt levels and potentially to higher expected inflation (fiscal dominance effect). But, on the other hand, it also allows a tough-type government to separate itself from a lax-type one in the eyes of the public (signaling effect). A feature of the model is that inflation and inherited debt are not necessarily positive correlated for all levels of debt. Concretely, the high debt levels Lula's administration inherited from FHC´s term in office (the so-called "damned heritage") may have helped the former to signal to markets its degree of inflation aversion.
Residents' Strategies for Responding to Tourism Impacts

This article reports four strategies that comprise a continuum for responding to tourism impacts: embracement, tolerance, adjustment, and withdrawal. The behaviors seem to result from reactions to tourists' numbers and behavior rather than from a cultural gap. Two directions for future research are suggested: to relate residents' perceptions of tourism impacts to the behavioral strategies they adopt, and to develop an instrument for measuring the strategies continuum described.
Reputation and Humility in Corporate Management

Although virtue ethics has gained a firm presence in the theory and practice of corporate management, humility is not ranked as one the chief virtues in the business world. This is probably due to an incomplete or incorrectly focused view of what it means to be a humble person, why a good manager must be humble and how a modest outlook can contribute to both the firm's and the manager's success and reputation.
Incentive Effects and Unemployment Accounts: Two Natural Experiments

It has been traditionally argued that unemployment insurance programs are responsible for higher unemployment rates, due to the moral hazard of individuals reducing their search efforts when receiving unemployment benefits that are conditional on remaining unemployed. More recently, Chetty (2006) has argued that the duration effect of traditional UI benefits may be partly due to credit constraints that are relaxed by the system. In addition, a number of authors, most notably Stiglitz and Yun (2005) and Feldstein and Altman (2007), have argued that a system of individual accounts can help overcome the moral hazard problem because of the individual ownership of the account. However, liquidity might still be relevant under these types of programs. In this paper we take advantage of two natural experiments within the Chilean UI system, a system mainly based on individual accounts. Both natural experiments provide extra liquidity to the unemployed, by front loading benefits that are financed by the individual account, without changing the present value of the stream of benefits. Based on the predictions of a stylized search model, these experiments allow us to test both whether there are incentive effects in an individual account system and whether these effects are driven by liquidity. Our findings based on both identification strategies exhibit a positive effect of significantly frontloading benefits on search effort during the first two months, suggesting that a moral-hazard-like effect dominates the potential liquidity effects.
Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution?

IN FEBRUARY 2004, when N. Gregory Mankiw, a Harvard professor then serving as chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers, caused a national uproar with a "textbook" statement about trade, economists rushed to his defense. Mankiw was commenting on the phenomenon that has been clumsily dubbed "offshoring" (or "offshore outsourcing")-the migration of jobs, but not the people who perform them, from rich countries to poor ones. Offshoring, Mankiw said, is only "the latest manifestation of the gains from trade that economists have talked about at least since Adam Smith. More things are tradable than were tradable in the past, and that's a good thing. " Although Democratic and Republican politicians alike excoriated Mankiw for his callous attitude toward American jobs, economists lined up to support his claim that offshoring is simply international business as usual. Their economics were basically sound: the well-known principle of comparative advantage implies that trade in new kinds of products will bring overall improvements in productivity and well-being. But Mankiw and his defenders underestimated both the importance of offshoring and its disruptive effect on wealthy countries. Sometimes a quantitative change is so large that it brings about qualitative changes,
Postgraduate research supervision in a socially distributed knowledge system: some thoughts

Postgraduate supervision is a higher education practice with a long history. Through the conventional "apprenticeship" model postgraduate supervision has served as an important vehicle of intellectual inheritance between generations. However, this model of supervision has come under scrutiny as a consequence of the massification of higher education as well as shifts in the way knowledge is produced and disseminated in contemporary society. In this article we discuss different models of postgraduate supervision and suggest that a new model of supervision might be emerging as we move towards a more socially distributed knowledge system. In such a model, those involved in the supervision process would include partners other than university lecturers and student-peers.
Representation in UK Employment Tribunals: Analysis of the 2003 and 2008 Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications (SETA)

The perception is that formal representation is increasingly common in UK Employment Tribunals (ETs), as case volumes and complexity increase. We investigate the nature of representation in UK ETs using the 2003 and 2008 Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications (SETA). The results suggest that between 2003 and 2008, the extent of formal claimant representation declined. The majority of employers and claimants are either heavily represented or have little/no representation, and there is little evidence that claimant representation is a response to employer representation at least at the level of individual claims. Overall, however, it would seem that some of the ‘accessible, informal and inexpensive’ characteristics envisaged by Donovan continue to apply only to cases within certain jurisdictions.
Inspection times, the change task, and the rapid-response selection task

Three experiments are reported, which are based upon the Wason four-card selection task inspection time paradigm, in which subjects solve computer-presented trials while using a mouse to indicate the card currently under consideration. Evans (1996) had shown that selected cards were inspected for longer than non-selected cards, and this was taken as support for the existence of pre-conscious heuristic processes that direct attention towards relevant aspects of a problem. However, Roberts (1998b) suggested that this inspection time effect is artefactual, due to task format induced biases. Experiment 1 utilized a “change” task: Cards were presented either as selected or not selected, and subjects changed these where necessary. This demonstrated an association between card selection and inspection time independently of one between the act of response and inspection time. Experiment 2 utilized a standard selection task, but subjects either responded within 2 s of each card presentation, or made selections with no time pressure. The curtailment of thinking time increased matching behaviour—more cards matching the terms in the rules were selected—and was replicated in Experiment 3 using a within-subjects design. Overall, the data support Evans’ heuristic-analytic framework albeit with some caveats.
Mentoring Individuals with Disabilities in Postsecondary Education: A Review of the Literature.

The purpose of this literature review was to locate, describe, and analyze empirical data on mentoring individuals with disabilities in postsecondary (or higher) education. The fundamental question posed was: Is there evidence to support effective mentoring practices for students with disabilities in postsecondary (or higher) education? This paper begins with a brief description of several types of mentoring models to establish context, followed by a presentation of the parameters of the literature search. Findings demonstrate that evidence-based research about mentorship for students with disabilities in postsecondary education is minimal. Only 10 articles fit the search criteria. These articles are categorized into three areas: a) transition to higher education, b) success in higher education, and c) work and higher education. A discussion of themes in the articles reviewed is followed by suggestions for future research.
Full-length, Membrane-anchored TWEAK Can Function as a Juxtacrine Signaling Molecule and Activate the NF-κB Pathway*

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members are initially synthesized as type II transmembrane proteins, but some of these proteins are substrates for proteolytic enzymes that generate soluble cytokines with biological activity. TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis), a member of the TNF family, is a multifunctional cytokine that acts via binding to a cell surface receptor named Fn14 (fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14). Studies conducted to date indicate that TWEAK-producing cells can co-express both membrane-anchored and soluble TWEAK isoforms, but there is little information on TWEAK proteolytic processing. Also, it is presently unclear whether membrane-anchored TWEAK, like soluble TWEAK, is biologically active. Here we show that full-length human TWEAK is processed intracellularly by the serine protease furin and identify TWEAK amino acid residues 90–93 as the predominant furin recognition site. In addition, we report that full-length, membrane-anchored TWEAK can bind the Fn14 receptor on neighboring cells and activate the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, TWEAK can act in a juxtacrine manner to initiate cellular responses, and this property may be important for TWEAK function during physiological wound repair and disease pathogenesis.
Exploring the Greek kindergarten teachers' views about school programs

School programs are well defined by the curriculum all over the world, so that they are implemented by teachers in all educational ranks. Our paper aims to identify and present the Greek kindergarten teachers’ views about school programs. Specifically, Greek kindergarten teachers are called to express their aspects on the different types of school programs, the teaching methods, aids and materials used in school programs, as well as the issues concerning the design and implementation of school programs in the framework of the Greek Curriculum in preschool education. Also, this paper aims to indicate the possible difficulties and problems, most kindergarten teachers meet, while carrying out a school program, as well as the reasons which are responsible for them. Finally, we have the intention of making remarkable conclusions about the perspectives arisen for educational changes, innovations and improvement concerning the design and implementation of school programs in Greek kindergartens. Key words: Greek kindergarten teachers, school programs, teaching methods, aids and materials, perspectives in preschool education.
Oral Administration of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Induces Immune Unresponsiveness with Persistent Infection in Adult Rats

ABSTRACT The major route of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is mother-to-child transmission caused by breast-feeding. We investigated the host immune responses to orally established persistent HTLV-1 infection in adult rats. HTLV-1-producing MT-2 cells were inoculated into immunocompetent adult rats either orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally. HTLV-1 proviruses were detected in the peripheral blood and several organs for at least 12 weeks. Transmission of HTLV-1 to these animals was confirmed by analysis of HTLV-1 flanking regions. Despite persistent HTLV-1 presence, none of the orally inoculated rats produced detectable levels of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies, whereas all intravenously or intraperitoneally inoculated rats showed significant anti-HTLV-1 antibody responses. T-cell proliferative responses against HTLV-1 were also absent in orally inoculated rats. Our findings suggest that gastrointestinal exposure of adult rats to HTLV-1-infected cells induces persistent HTLV-1 infection in the absence of both humoral and cellular immune responses against HTLV-1. This immune unresponsiveness at primary infection may subsequently affect the host defense ability against HTLV-1.