Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“To be, or not be… satisfied in NPOs”: a serial multiple mediation and clustering analysis of paid staff and volunteers' profiles

Introduction Non-profit organizations (NPOs) are a complex working context whose main characteristic resides in the dichotomy between paid staff and volunteers. Despite its benefits for goal achievement, this circumstance can be also a challenge, for both groups' interaction, for their comprehension of their own role and to HR management. The aim of this study was to explore factors that may contribute to promote job satisfaction among NPOs' members. Methods Combining two different data analyses, serial multiple mediation analyses and cluster analyses, first we analyze whether there are differences between paid staff and volunteers in perceived intrapersonal conflict and performance and its effect on job satisfaction, and second, we analyze whether there is an additional profiles distribution that reflects more adequately the reality of NPOs, despite the formal roles that coexist in these organizations (paid staff and volunteers). Results Results confirm that paid staff and volunteers differ on their perceived job satisfaction level, with volunteers being more satisfied. This relationship is serially mediated by role conflict, role ambiguity, and performance. Another characteristic of the NPOs is that the dichotomy between paid staff and volunteers does not capture well the reality of the labor relations between members of both groups and the organization. To explore this phenomenon, we perform a cluster analysis based on paid staff and volunteers' perceptions. Cluster analyses demonstrate the existence of three rather homogenous profiles. Discussion Additionally, practical implications for HR management in NPOs and future research lines to understand this organizational context dynamics are also discussed.
Mechanobiology-informed biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies for influencing skeletal stem and progenitor cell fate

Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) are the multi-potent, self-renewing cell lineages that form the hematopoietic environment and adventitial structures of the skeletal tissues. Skeletal tissues are responsible for a diverse range of physiological functions because of the extensive differentiation potential of SSPCs. The differentiation fates of SSPCs are shaped by the physical properties of their surrounding microenvironment and the mechanical loading forces exerted on them within the skeletal system. In this context, the present review first highlights important biomolecules involved with the mechanobiology of how SSPCs sense and transduce these physical signals. The review then shifts focus towards how the static and dynamic physical properties of microenvironments direct the biological fates of SSPCs, specifically within biomaterial and tissue engineering systems. Biomaterial constructs possess designable, quantifiable physical properties that enable the growth of cells in controlled physical environments both in-vitro and in-vivo. The utilization of biomaterials in tissue engineering systems provides a valuable platform for controllably directing the fates of SSPCs with physical signals as a tool for mechanobiology investigations and as a template for guiding skeletal tissue regeneration. It is paramount to study this mechanobiology and account for these mechanics-mediated behaviors to develop next-generation tissue engineering therapies that synergistically combine physical and chemical signals to direct cell fate. Ultimately, taking advantage of the evolved mechanobiology of SSPCs with customizable biomaterial constructs presents a powerful method to predictably guide bone and skeletal organ regeneration.
Integration of exercise prescription into medical provision as a treatment for non-communicable diseases: A scoping review

Background The purpose of this scoping review is to stimulate interest and to raise awareness, among researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers regarding the current scientific literature related to exercise prescription for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Exercise prescription is a safe and cost-effective method that enables physicians to use exercise as a complementary addition to NCDs management and treatment. Methods This scoping review followed the PRISMA Extension Guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Using this framework, we considered information from qualitative and quantitative studies to identify research gaps. We provide feasible suggestions to guide future research for the implementation of exercise prescription in the healthcare environment. The literature search was conducted using SPIDER and PICO tools for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-study designs. Inclusion criteria included articles that investigated patients with NCDs and considered exercise interventions. Systematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect were undertaken on 26 July 2022 and all reference lists were manually searched. Data processing was performed using EndNote 2.0 software and data charts were used for numerical summary and thematic analysis. Results There were 10,951 articles retrieved, of which 28 met the inclusion criteria. Based on the evidence, exercise was a feasible, safe, and acceptable method to prevent and manage non-communicable diseases in inpatient and outpatient settings. Six research directions were identified and discussed. In addition, implementation evidence and suggestions for policy-reconfiguration are also provided. Conclusion This scoping review summarizes the current evidence for the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of non-communicable diseases. The review provides key findings supporting exercise prescription for the inpatient and outpatient healthcare service. We suggest that governments and healthcare policymakers globally advocate the inclusion of structured exercise prescription within the NCDs treatment setting.
Modified theories of relativistic gravity: theoretical foundations, phenomenology, and applications in physical cosmology

This thesis studies the theories and phenomenology of modified gravity, along with their applications in cosmology, astrophysics, and effective dark energy. This thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 1 reviews the fundamentals of relativistic gravity and cosmology, and Chapter 2 provides the required Co-authorship Statement for Chapters 3 ∼ 6. Chapter 3 develops the L = f (R,Rc ,Rm,Lm) class of modified gravity that allows for nonminimal matter-curvature couplings (Rc B RμνR , Rm B RμανβR ), derives the “coherence condition” fR2 = fR2m = − fR2c/4 for the smooth limit to f (R,G,Lm) generalized Gauss-Bonnet gravity, and examines stress-energy-momentum conservation in more generic f (R,R1, . . . ,Rn,Lm) gravity. Chapter 4 proposes a unified formulation to derive the Friedmann equations from (non)equilibrium thermodynamics for modified gravities Rμν − Rgμν/2 = 8πGeffT (eff) μν , and applies this formulation to the Friedman-Robertson-Walker Universe governed by f (R), generalized Brans-Dicke, scalar-tensor-chameleon, quadratic, f (R,G) generalized Gauss-Bonnet and dynamical Chern-Simons gravities. Chapter 5 systematically restudies the thermodynamics of the Universe in ΛCDM and modified gravities by requiring its compatibility with the holographic-style gravitational equations, where possible solutions to the long-standing confusions regarding the temperature of the cosmological apparent horizon and the failure of the second law of thermodynamics are proposed. Chapter 6 proposes the Lovelock-Brans-Dicke theory of alternative gravity with LLBD = 1 16π [ φ ( R + a √−g ∗RR + bG ) − ωL φ ∇αφ∇φ ] , where ∗RR and G respectively denote the topological Chern-Pontryagin and Gauss-Bonnet invariants; as a quick application, Chapter 7 looks into traversable wormholes and energy conditions in Lovelock-Brans-Dicke gravity, along with an extensive comparison to wormholes in Brans-Dicke gravity. Chapter 8, for a large class of scalar-tensor-like gravity S = ∫ d4x √−g ( LHE + LG + LNC + Lφ ) + Sm whose action contains nonminimal couplings between a scalar field φ(x) and generic curvature invariants {R} beyond the Ricci scalar, proves the local energymomentum conservation and introduces the “Weyl/conformal dark energy”. Chapter 9 investigates the primordial nucleosynthesis in L = ε2−2βRβ+16πm−2 Pl Lm gravity from the the semianalytical approach for 4He, and from the empirical approach for D, 4He, and 7Li; also, consistency with the gravitational baryogenesis is estimated. Within the same gravitational framework as in Chapter 9, Chapter 10 continues to study thermal relics as hot, warm, and cold dark matter, and revises the Lee-Weinberg bound for the mass of speculated heavy neutrinos.
Analytical Solution of a Problem on MHD Flow in a Rectangular Duct

This paper presents an analytical solution of the MHD problem on a fully developed flow of a conducting fluid in a duct with the rectangular cross-section, located in a uniform external magnetic field, and under a slip boundary condition on side walls of the duct. The flow is driven by a constant pressure gradient. The case of perfectly conducting Hartmann walls and insulating side walls is considered. The solution is derived by using integral transforms.
Beyond Einstein’s theory of gravitation : some aspects of loop quantum cosmology, black holes and the dark universe

In this thesis we explore the phenomenology of some extensions to General Relativity and quantum gravity theories.The motivation for this research lies in the incompleteness of the current theoretical models that describe the behaviour of matter on cosmological scales.The standard model of particle physics and general relativity, combined together along with experimental probes in particle colliders and astrophysics, lead to a model for our universe, which is today dominated by dark matter. Moreover, according to the best model, the universe is currently undergoing an accelerated expansion and had started its existence with a space-time singularity: the big bang.The challenge for theoretical physics is therefore to obtain a model without singularity and with less invisible matter (or none). To this respect, the last two decades have been particularly fruitful: there is a large number of competing modified gravity and dark energy theories as well as quantum gravity proposals at our disposal.The purpose of the work presented here is to set up a phenomenological framework that enables a clear comparison and possible exclusions of these new theories by confronting them to current and future observational data.The first part of the thesis is dedicated to modified gravity and dark energy models. The second part deals with loop quantum cosmology, and the last part is a presentation of a new probe for dark energy: the thermal Sunyaev Zeldovich power spectrum.
Non-adjacent dependency learning from variable input: investigating the effects of bilingualism, phonological memory, and cognitive control

Introduction One proposed advantage of bilingualism concerns the ability to extract regularities based on frequency information (statistical learning). Specifically, it has been proposed that bilinguals have an advantage in statistical learning that particularly holds in situations of variable input. Empirical evidence on this matter is scarce. An additional question is whether a potential bilingual advantage in statistical learning can be attributed to enhancements in phonological memory and cognitive control. Previous findings on effects of bilingualism on phonological memory and cognitive control are not consistent. Method In the present study, we compared statistical learning from consistent and variable input in monolingual and bilingual children (Study 1) and adults (Study 2). We also explored whether phonological memory and cognitive control might account for any potential group differences found. Results The findings suggest that there might be some advantage of bilinguals in statistical learning, but that this advantage is not robust: It largely surfaced only in t-tests against chance for the groups separately, did not surface in the same way for children and adults, and was modulated by experiment order. Furthermore, our results provide no evidence that any enhancement in bilinguals' statistical learning was related to improved phonological memory and cognitive control: bilinguals did not outperform monolinguals on these cognitive measures and performance on these measures did not consistently relate to statistical learning outcomes. Discussion Taken together, these findings suggest that any potential effects of bilingualism on statistical learning probably do not involve enhanced cognitive abilities associated with bilingualism.
Changes in the spectral characteristics of quartz-glass plates when they are processed with laser-induced plasma

This paper presents the results of studies of changes in the transmittance and luminescence spectra of quartz-glass plates caused by surface-processing the plates with laser-induced microplasma. The recorded changes are probably caused by a change in the surface roughness and by the microgeometry of the resulting relief, as well as by possible penetration of the target material into the material being processed. The paper presents the results of studies on removing the changes by using wet laser cleaning, heat treatment in an oven, and chemical processing in a nitric acid solution. It is shown that the changes in the transmission and luminescence spectra can be minimized or entirely eliminated by using wet laser cleaning.
Helium bubble size effects on the surface morphological response of plasma-facing tungsten

We report a simulation study on the effects of helium (He) bubble size on the morphological evolution and pattern formation on the surface of tungsten used as a plasma-facing component (PFC) in nuclear fusion devices. We have carried out a systematic investigation based on self-consistent dynamical simulations of surface morphological evolution according to an atomistically-informed, 3D continuum-scale model that captures well the relevant length and time scales of surface nanostructure formation in PFC tungsten. The model accounts for PFC surface diffusion, driven by the biaxial compressive stress originating from the over-pressurized He bubbles in the near-surface region of PFC tungsten as a result of He plasma exposure, combined with the formation of self-interstitial atoms in tungsten that diffuse toward the PFC surface and the flux of surface adatoms generated as a result of surface vacancy-adatom pair formation upon He implantation; this transport of surface adatoms contributes to the anisotropic growth of surface nanostructural features due to the different rates of adatom diffusion along and across step edges of islands on the tungsten surface. Our detailed analysis reveals that varying the average He bubble size plays an important role in the PFC surface growth kinetics as well as the resulting surface topography. Specifically, we find that an increase in the He bubble size leads to a deceleration in the growth rate of the tungsten nanotendrils that emanate from the PFC surface. We also find that the separation distance between the resulting surface features increases with increasing He bubble size, as well as over time. This coarsening effect is a thermally activated process resulting in an accurate description of the temperature dependence of the average surface feature separation by an Arrhenius relation.
Phylogeny and Flow Cytometry of the Genus Kalidium Moq. (Amaranthaceae s.l.) in Kazakhstan

The article presents data on phylogeny, genome size, and ploidy of species of the genus Kalidium Moq. in the flora of Kazakhstan. Genus Kalidium belongs to the tribe Salicornieae of the subfamily Salicornioideae of the family Chenopodiaceae and unites eight species, the main range of which covers the Iranian-Turanian and Central Asian deserts. There are four species in the flora of Kazakhstan: K. foliatum, K. caspicum, K. schrenkianum, and the recently described K. juniperinum. Populations of species of the genus Kalidium in the saline deserts of Kazakhstan occupy large areas, often forming monodominant communities. Sometimes there is a joint growth of two and very rarely three species of the genus. During the period of fieldwork (2021–2022), populations were identified in which these species grew together with a predominance, in most cases, of K. caspicum. Samples of representatives from 15 populations were collected for research. Selected plant samples were studied by flow cytometry to determine plant ploidy. Sequencing of nrITS and two chloroplast fragments were used to build a phylogenetic tree, including sequences from the NCBI database. , A phylogenetic tree of species of the genus Kalidium was compiled, which takes previously published data into consideration. In the valley of the middle reaches of the Syrdarya River, tetraploid populations of K. caspicum were found. A hybrid between K. foliatum and K. caspicum was found in the Ili River valley (Almaty region, Uigur district). To identify phylogenetic processes at the intraspecific level, the SCoT (Start codon targeted) fingerprinting method was used.
cFOS as a biomarker of activity maturation in the hippocampal formation

We explored the potential for cFOS expression as a marker of functional development of “resting-state” waking activity in the extended network of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. We examined sleeping and awake mice at (P)ostnatal days 5, 9, 13, and 17 as well as in adulthood. We find that cFOS expression is state-dependent even at 5 days old, with reliable staining occurring only in the awake mice. Even during waking, cFOS expression was rare and weak at P5. The septal nuclei, entorhinal cortex layer (L)2, and anterodorsal thalamus were exceptional in that they had robust cFOS expression at P5 that was similar to or greater than in adulthood. Significant P5 expression was also observed in the dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex L6, postsubiculum L4-6, ventral subiculum, supramammillary nucleus, and posterior hypothalamic nucleus. The expression in these regions grew stronger with age, and the expression in new regions was added progressively at P9 and P13 by which point the overall expression pattern in many regions was qualitatively similar to the adult. Six regions—CA1, dorsal subiculum, postsubiculum L2-3, reuniens nucleus, and perirhinal and postrhinal cortices—were very late developing, mostly achieving adult levels only after P17. Our findings support a number of developmental principles. First, early spontaneous activity patterns induced by muscle twitches during sleep do not induce robust cFOS expression in the extended hippocampal network. Second, the development of cFOS expression follows the progressive activation along the trisynaptic circuit, rather than birth date or cellular maturation. Third, we reveal components of the egocentric head-direction and theta-rhythm circuits as the earliest cFOS active circuits in the forebrain. Our results suggest that cFOS staining may provide a reliable and sensitive biomarker for hippocampal formation activity development, particularly in regard to the attainment of a normal waking state and synchronizing rhythms such as theta and gamma.
Temperature dependent forward current-voltage characteristics of Ni/Au Schottky contacts on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures described by a two diodes model

This paper reports on the temperature dependence of Ni/Au Schottky contacts on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. The electrical properties of the Schottky barrier were monitored by means of forward current-voltage (I–V) measurements, while capacitance-voltage measurements were used to determine the properties of the two dimensional electron gas. The forward I–V characteristics of Schottky diodes revealed a strong deviation from the ideal behavior, which could not be explained by a standard thermionic emission model. Thus, the Ni/AlGaN/GaN system has been described by a “two diode model,” considering the presence of a second barrier height at the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. Following this approach, the anomalous I–V curves could be explained and the value of the flat-band barrier height (at zero-electric field) could be correctly determined, thus resulting in good agreement with literature data based on photoemission measurements.
The Essence of Creation of Allah's Creatures Through Tafakur: Study of Takhrij and Syarah Hadith

This study aims to discuss the hadith about the creation of creatures. This study uses a qualitative approach by applying a descriptive-analytical method. The formal object of this research is the science of hadith, while the material object is the hadith about the creation of creatures in the history of Bukhari No. 2955. The results and discussion of this study indicate that the status of quality hadith hasan li ghairihi meets the qualifications of maqbul ma'mul bih for Islamic practice. This study concludes that the hadith narrated by Bukhari No. 2955 is relevant to be used as motivation and enthusiasm in efforts to increase faith through tafakur activities to understand the essence or purpose of God's creation.
The Effect of Video-Guided information on Anxiety and Pain in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy: A control group study

Objective: In the present study, after adapting the Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) video produced by the European Association of Urology (EAU) into the Turkish language and showing it to the participating patients, we evaluated the effect on their anxiety and pain levels using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) anxiety form and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Methods: A total of 59 patients, who were assessed at three centers between July 1st and October 1st, 2020, were involved in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, the first of which was asked to fill out a consent form and was shown the video and provided with verbal and written information;. On the other hand, the second group was given a consent form and received verbal and written information exclusively. Each group completed the STAI-I Anxiety form after being given preoperative information, while the VAS was applied after the procedure. Results: The STAI-I anxiety form score was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.004), and the recorded fluoroscopy time and VAS scores were lower in favor of Group 1 (p=0.045 and p=0.021). Conclusion: While the provision of video-guided information prior to ESWL resulted in heightened anxiety among the patients, it led to improved compliance during the procedure, as well as reduced total fluoroscopy time and pain scores for the patients.
The LINAC of the Munich Accelerator for Fission Fragments (MAFF)

A linear accelerator for the new Munich high flux reactor FRM-II is under design [1,2]. This LINAC will be able to deliver intense beams of very neutron rich fission fragments from a target ion source located inside a through going reactor tube for the production of very heavy elements [3]. In order to obtain an efficient acceleration in the LINAC, charge breeding of the 1+ ion beam from the reactor to a q/A > 0.16 is required. The LINAC will work with 10% duty cycle with a final energy between 3.7 and 5.9 MeV/u. The LINAC of the Munich Accelerator for Fission Fragments (MAFF) will consist of an Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, three interdigital H-type (IH) structures similar to the lead LINAC at CERN and two seven-gap IH-resonators for the adjustment of the final energy of the ions. In the present paper the concept, particle dynamics calculations and first cavity design calculations with MAFIA will be presented.