Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional NMR studies of staphylococcal nuclease: evidence for conformational heterogeneity from hydrogen-1, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 spin system assignments of the aromatic amino acids in the nuclease H124L-thymidine 3',5'-bisphosphate-Ca2+ ternary complex.

A combination of multinuclear two-dimensional NMR experiments served to identify and assign the combined 1H, 13C, and 15N spin systems of the single tryptophan, three phenylalanines, three histidines, and seven tyrosines of staphylococcal nuclease H124L in its ternary complex with calcium and thymidine 3',5'-bisphosphate at pH 5.1 (H2O) or pH 5.5 (2H2O). Samples of recombinant nuclease were labeled with 13C or 15N as appropriate to individual NMR experiments: uniformly with 15N (all sites to greater than 95%), uniformly with 13C (all sites to 26%), selectively with 13C (single amino acids uniformly labeled to 26%), or selectively with 15N (single amino acids uniformly labeled to greater than 95%). NMR data used in the analysis included single-bond and multiple-bond 1H-13C and multiple-bond 1H-15N correlations, 1H-13C single-bond correlation with Hartmann-Hahn relay (1H[13C]SBC-HH), and 1H-13C single-bond correlation with NOE relay (1H[13C]SBC-NOE). The aromatic protons of the spin systems were identified from 1H[13C]SBC-HH data, and the nonprotonated aromatic ring carbons were identified from 1H-13C multiple-bond correlations. Sequence-specific assignments were made on the basis of observed NOE relay connectivities between assigned 1H alpha-13C alpha or 1H beta-13C beta direct cross peaks in the aliphatic region [Wang, J., LeMaster, D. M. , & Markley, J. L. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 88-101] and 1H delta-13C delta direct cross peaks in the aromatic region of the 1H[13C]SBC-NOE spectrum. The His121 1H delta 2 resonance, which has an unusual upfield shift (at 4.3 ppm in the aliphatic region), was assigned from 1H[13C]SBC, 1H[13C]MBC, and 1H[15N]MBC data. Evidence for local structural heterogeneity in the ternary complex was provided by doubled peaks assigned to His46, one tyrosine, and one phenylalanine. Measurement of NOE buildup rates between protons on different aromatic residues of the major ternary complex species yielded a number of interproton distances that could be compared with those from X-ray structures of the wild-type nuclease ternary complex with calcium and thymidine 3',5'-bisphosphate [Cotton, F. A. , Hazen, E. E. , Jr., & Legg, M. J. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 2551-2555; Loll, P. J., & Lattman, E. E. (1989) Proteins: Struct. , Funct. , Genet. 5, 183-201]. The unusual chemical shift of His121 1H delta 2 is consistent with ring current calculations from either X-ray structure.
Sex difference in risk of torsade de pointes with d,l-sotalol.

BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that women are more prone than men to develop torsade de pointes (TdP) in a defined cohort of patients exposed to the QT-prolonging antiarrhythmic drug d,l-sotalol. METHODS AND RESULTS In a database derived from 22 clinical trials involving 3135 adult patients who received oral d,l-sotalol (median follow-up, 164 days), TdP developed in 44 (1.9%) of 2336 men and in 33 (4.1%) of 799 women (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis identified female sex (P < .0001), presenting arrhythmia of sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (P < .0001), history of congestive heart failure (P < .001), and d,l-sotalol dose > 320 mg/d (P < .001) as factors most predictive of TdP; in addition to these, a serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dL in women and > 1.6 mg/dL in men was weakly predictive (P < .05). After adjustment for these risk factors, women had threefold greater odds of developing TdP than men. The sex difference in TdP risk was age independent and could not be explained by differential dose-related bradycardic responses in women versus men. CONCLUSIONS Women are at increased risk of developing TdP during-administration of d,l-sotalol. This finding needs to be taken into account, together with other TdP risk factors, when patients are treated with this antiarrhythmic agent. Given the consistency between the present and other recent observations, greater caution in women regarding use of QT-prolonging drugs, in general, is advisable.
Internationalization of innovative capabilities: counter‐evidence from the electronics industry in Malaysia and Brazil

The focus of this paper is the extent to which firms in the electronics industry in Malaysia and Brazil (Manaus) developed significant innovative technological capabilities. By examining whether innovative capabilities have spread to these two late‐industrializing countries, the paper seeks to add new evidence to the debate over internationalization of innovative capabilities and to argue against existing generalizations. Internationalization of innovative capabilities is measured here by the technological capability types and levels built within firms. The framework for capability‐building identifies types and levels of technological capabilities. The paper draws on empirical evidence from 82 electronics firms—transnational corporation subsidiaries and local firms: 53 in Malaysia (25 in Penang and 28 in Klang Valley) and 29 in Manaus (Northern Brazil). Empirical evidence was collected during extensive fieldwork based on different data‐gathering strategies. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods were used. Contrary to common generalizations, the study found that the capabilities of most sampled firms had been upgraded to carry out diverse innovative technological activities. Additionally, these capability‐building efforts were strongly associated with higher capabilities for local decision‐making and control, automation level and efforts to increase exports. The study found firms that innovated to be competitive by reducing costs, being more productive, reducing lead time and producing better products—regardless of whether they were in a domestic market‐oriented country or in an export‐oriented country. Finally, the analysis and framework in this study challenge some existing perspectives on the internationalization of innovative capabilities to the late‐industrializing context.
A cost-effective method for PV module field test using an electronic load

To analyze the electrical performance of individual PV modules in the field, I-V curve tracers or micro inverters are typically used with the associated shortcomings. In this study, we used a precision electronic load to analyze the electrical performance of individual PV modules. The electronic loads have been used for empirical field studies on 12 PV modules installed in Hyundai Heavy Industries test site (Eumseong factory). Three sets of the electronic loads and controllers have been installed, with each set capable of handling 4 PV modules in a time-divided manner. The main advantages of the electronic load are its low price, high precision, wide input ranges for voltage, current and power, and easy control by electrical communication. Initially, the biggest drawback of the electronic load was the slow control speed, but we resolved the issue by applying a new tracking algorithm.
Sociotropy and Perceptions of Interpersonal Relationships as Predictors of Eating Disturbances Among College Women: Two Prospective Studies

The authors examined the relationship between sociotropy and perceptions of interpersonal relationships and subsequent eating disorder symptoms among young women. In Study 1, 118 women from a liberal arts college in northern Wisconsin completed self-report measures of sociotropy, perceived close social support, and eating disorder symptoms. The women returned 6 weeks later to complete the same measures. After controlling for initial levels of reported eating disturbances, higher levels of Time 1 sociotropy and reductions in perceived social support at Times 1 and 2 made unique contributions to eating disturbances at Time 2, although the interaction of Time 1 sociotropy and Time 2 social support did not add to the model. In Study 2, 138 women completed measures of eating disturbances, sociotropy, and interpersonal hassles on two occasions, 10 weeks apart. Self-reported eating pathology at Time 1 accounted for most of the variance in Time 2 eating disorder symptoms, but increased eating disturbances also were predicted by measures of interpersonal hassles. A final regression analysis using combined samples indicated that both T1 and T2 measures of interpersonal functioning made unique contributions to changes in reported eating disturbances. In sum, the findings suggested that perceptions of reduced support in close relationships and increased interpersonal hassles contribute to increases in reported eating disturbances among college-aged women, independent of baseline levels of eating disturbances and a highly sociotropic personality style.
Symposium on the Budget Deficit

When Ronald Reagan assumed the presidency in 1981, the federal government's outstanding gross debt amounted to $909 billion or 33.3 percent of GNP. By the end of 1987, as a consequence of federal budget deficits averaging 4.5 percent of GNP between 1981 and 1987, the ratio of debt to GNP had risen to 51.8 percent. In contrast, during the period between 1947 and 1981, the federal deficit only once exceeded 4 percent of GNP. The net international investment position of the United States also deteriorated dramatically during the Reagan years. In 1981 the U.S. was a net international lender. However, a succession of increasingly large deficits in the current account of the U.S. balance of payments between 1982 and 1988 caused the United States to switch from creditor to debtor status. U.S. net international indebtedness at the end of 1987 is estimated at $368 billion. In the view of most of the nation's economists these developments are profoundly disturbing. Harvard economist Benjamin Friedman (1988) summarizes the majority opinion when he writes, "We are living well by running up our debt and selling off our assets. America has thrown itself a party and billed the tab to the future. The costs, which are only beginning to come due, will include a lower standard of living for individual Americans and reduced American influence and importance in world affairs. " Is the ballooning federal budget deficit a serious economic problem? The papers in this symposium provide four perspectives on this issue. Robert Barro and Robert Eisner disagree sharply with the "majority" opinion concerning deficits. In contrast, Edward Gramlich and Douglas Bernheim are more sympathetic to the view that budget deficits lower national saving and thus contribute to a reduction in future living standards.
A second gene, VpreB in the lambda 5 locus of the mouse, which appears to be selectively expressed in pre‐B lymphocytes.

The murine gene lambda 5 is selectively expressed in pre‐B lymphocytes. Of the three exons encoding lambda 5, exons II and III show strong homologies to immunoglobulin lambda light (L) chain gene segments, i.e. to J lambda intron and exon, and C lambda exon sequences respectively. We have now found, 4.6 kb upstream of lambda 5, another gene composed of two exons which is selectively expressed in pre‐B cell lines as a 0.85 kb mRNA potentially coding for a protein of 142 amino acids including a 19 amino acid‐long signal peptide. The 5′ sequences of this gene show homologies to sequences encoding the variable regions of kappa and lambda L chains and of heavy (H) chains. The deduced amino acid sequence contains the consensus cysteine residues as well as other consensus amino acids at positions which characterize immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. We call the second gene VpreB. The 3′ end of VpreB encoding the 26 carboxyl terminal amino acids shows no homology to any known nucleotide sequence. The putative protein encoded by VpreB is a potential candidate for association with the putative protein encoded by lambda 5, and thereby a candidate for association with H chains in pre‐B cells. Southern blot analysis of DNA from liver (germ line) and 70Z/3 pre‐B cell lines reveals two genes which hybridize to the VpreB gene. We call VpreB1 the gene which is found 5′ of lambda 5. The other gene, called VpreB2, which has not yet been located within the genome, shows 97% nucleotide sequence homology to VpreB1 in an area of 1 kb which covers the coding region of the gene. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Food for tourists—determinants of an image

Eating is a physical necessity, but catering services and food image are also very important ingredients of cultural tourism. Food and tourism are increasingly being combined, e.g. in agri-tourism, wine tours and the sale of food products as souvenirs. However, as this paper illustrates, the development and standards of food for tourists are not determined uniformly by tourism policies, but more significantly by national economic, agricultural and food policies. A comparison between Denmark and Italy illustrates core elements in food cultures. Particularly in Denmark, food production is a major economic activity, and the power of the agricultural and food processing industries has in many cases compromised the quality image. In Italy, on the other hand, food policies and traditions, which give a high priority to freshness, intrinsically allow consumers to stay in control of food to a much larger extent than in Denmark. In both countries, a concentration of tourists in space and time tends to result in a decline of food profile. The paper concludes that only residents are in a position to put a more permanent pressure on food suppliers, and only if they are given the appropriate instruments. Further improvement of the food heritage in both countries (but especially in Denmark) will have to include a reconsideration, and probably changes, in food policies in more global terms. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the Advocacy Coalition Framework

ABSTRACT The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) was developed to provide a causal theory of the policy process which would serve as one of several alternatives to the familiar stages heuristic, with its recognized limitations. This paper first summarizes the central features of the ACF, including a set of underlying assumptions and specific hypotheses. We next review the implications for the framework of six case studies by various authors dealing with Canadian education and with American transportation, telecommunications, water, environmental, and energy policy. While generally supportive of the ACF, the case studies also suggest several revisions.
Antidumping and Plant Closure

Abstract As an indicator of ‘material injury’ in antidumping petitions, companies often claim plant closings have been caused by unfairly‐traded imports or threaten plant closings if no relief is provided. This paper analyzes a sample of 91 companies involved in US antidumping proceedings in the 2002 to 2005 period to examine the determinants of plant closing activity with particular emphasis on the role of the antidumping process in the timing of plant closing announcements. We find that larger firms and firms in declining sectors are more likely to close plants, and that the prize of Byrd Amendment funds may help keep plants in operation (especially for smaller firms for whom these funds are likely to be more important). However, there does not appear to be a consistent and significant relationship between antidumping petitions and the timing of plant closings.
Site-Directed Mutations near Transmembrane Domain 1 Alter Conformation and Function of Norepinephrine and Dopamine Transporters

The human dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (hDAT and hNET, respectively) control neurotransmitter levels within the synaptic cleft and are the site of action for amphetamine (AMPH) and cocaine. We investigated the role of a threonine residue within the highly conserved and putative phosphorylation sequence RETW, located just before transmembrane domain 1, in regulating hNET and hDAT function. The Thr residue was mutated to either alanine or aspartate. Similar to the inward facing T62D-hDAT, T58D-hNET demonstrated reduced [3H]DA uptake but enhanced basal DA efflux compared with hNET with no further effect of AMPH. The mutations had profound effects on substrate function and binding. The potency of substrates to inhibit [3H]DA uptake and compete with radioligand binding was increased in T→A and/or T→D mutants. Substrates, but not inhibitors, demonstrated temperature-sensitive effects of binding. Neither the functional nor the binding potency for hNET blockers was altered from wild type in hNET mutants. There was, however, a significant reduction in potency for cocaine and benztropine to inhibit [3H]DA uptake in T62D-hDAT compared with hDAT. The potency of these drugs to inhibit [3H](−)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane-1,5-napthalenedisulfonate (WIN35,428) binding was not increased, demonstrating a discordance between functional and binding site effects. Taken together, these results concur with the notion that the T→D mutation in RETW alters the preferred conformation of both hNET and hDAT to favor one that is more inward facing. Although substrate activity and binding are primarily altered in this conformation, the function of inhibitors with distinct structural characteristics may also be affected.
Impact of services quality on customer satisfaction and repeat purchase attributes in hospitality industry

The hotel industry is globally experiencing the difficult task of managing changing demand governed by the brand switching behaviour of consumers. Under this competitive environment, hotels have two basic ways of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage within their product-line including low price, high quality and enhanced customer value. This study examines the relationships between customer satisfaction and repeat buying behaviour of consumers in regard to hotel services in Mexico. Authors argue that customer loyalty can be achieved by meticulously understanding customers' expectations, defining strategies to meet those expectations and continuously evaluating the performance to redefine the competitive strategies periodically.
WLAN location determination without active client collaboration

Location determination of devices in wireless networks has been around for some time. Due to the fact that most approaches are based on client collaboration, they are not suitable for being integrated in security related components as intrusion detection or access control systems. In this paper we propose an approach that works without any client collaboration and even awareness by the client. Further on, our architecture is intended to be deployed on standard state-of-the-art IEEE 802.11g access points which operate using open source firmware as OpenWRT. We use these modified access points to collect, process and relay received signal strength (RSS) values of all communicating clients. These values are then used for trilateration using a location determination algorithm on a centralized server. We also present a working prototype, its promising results and possible further enhancements of our approach.
NAEVI AND MELANOMATA OF THE CONJUNCTIVA*†

NAEvi are the most common benign tumours of the conjunctiva, and their malignant counterparts, the malignant melanomata, although far less frequently encountered, are among the most serious of the ocular neoplasms. In typical cases the histological diagnosis of naevi and melanomata is not difficult, but many cases are not typical, and it is these atypical cases that tax the diagnostic ability of the histopathologist, particularly if the lesion shows changes suggestive of malignancy. In addition to the diagnostic problems presented by these tumours their treatment is in dispute, mainly because, with certain notable exceptions, few clinicians have treated more than a smnall number of these tumours during their lifetime. The large collection of these tumours in the Department of Pathology at the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, presented an opportunity for clarifying certain aspects of melanotic lesions of the conjunctiva, and to this end all the naevi and malignant melanomata referred to the Department of Pathology between 1948 and 1961 were re-examined and their histological diagnoses either confirmed or adjusted. In addition, all those cases where a diagnosis of malignant, pre-malignant, or possibly malignant melanoma was made were followed up, by reference to the hospital notes if the patient had attended Moorfields Eye Hospital, and by writing to the referring surgeon or pathologist if the patient had attended another hospital. The purpose of this study is threefold. First, to classify naevi and malignant melanomata of the conjunctiva both with regard to accepted nomenclature and as a result of examining 400 such neoplasms histologically. Second, to ascertain the degree of malignancy of those tumours that are frankly malignant and of those that show changes suggestive of malignancy. Third, to compare the histological appearances of naevi and malignant melanomata of the conjunctiva with those of the skin.
Maternal history, sensitization to allergens, and current wheezing, rhinitis, and eczema among children in Costa Rica

Little is known about the factors associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in Latin American countries. We investigated the relation between potential risk factors and current wheezing, allergic rhinitis, and eczema among 208 Costa Rican children aged 10–13 years participating in phase II of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).
Evidence of segmentation in domestic and international property markets

The risk/return trade‐off is a perennial problem of portfolio managers. Portfolio diversification strategies should be such that investments are held in markets that are well‐insulated from each other so that the effects of market fluctuations in one market are not transferred to the other. Conventional wisdom suggests that a well‐diversified portfolio should contain assets spread across different markets, such as holdings of equities, bonds and property, while an increasingly accepted notion is that portfolios should also be diversified internationally. Research over the last few years has, if not questioned this conventional wisdom, at least sought confirmation. The current paper continues this inquiry. Looks, in particular, at the twin issues of whether property should form part of a well‐diversified domestic portfolio, and whether property should form part of a portfolio that is diversified internationally. Using the relatively new technique of cointegration analysis, provides evidence from the USA, the UK and Australia that domestic real estate and equity markets are segmented, and also provides evidence that securitized property markets are segmented internationally ‐ implying that there are risk‐reduction benefits to be gained through diversification in both instances.
Parasuicide and Unemployment

The current economic recession in Europe and North America has led to a renewal of interest in the possible consequences of mass unemployment for the nation's health. This annotation assesses the relationship between unemployment and one indicator of morbidity: parasuicide (non-fatal deliberate self-harm). A previously published review of the literature is supplemented by more recent research, particularly from Edinburgh and Oxford.
Monetary theory and the trade cycle

2012 Reprint of 1932 Edition. Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. This essay is one of the important early works that together "represent the first integration and systematic elaboration of the Austrian theories of money, capital, business cycles, and comparative monetary institutions, which constitute the essential core of Austrian macroeconomics. Indeed these works have profoundly influenced postwar expositions of Austrian or "capital-b .