Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stat5b Is Essential for Natural Killer Cell–mediated Proliferation and Cytolytic Activity

We have analyzed the immune system in Stat5-deficient mice. Although Stat5a−/− splenocytes have a partial defect in anti-CD3-induced proliferation that can be overcome by high dose interleukin (IL)-2, we now demonstrate that defective proliferation in Stat5b−/− splenocytes cannot be corrected by this treatment. Interestingly, this finding may be at least partially explained by diminished expression of the IL-2 receptor β chain (IL-2Rβ), which is a component of the receptors for both IL-2 and IL-15, although other defects may also exist. Similar to the defect in proliferation in activated splenocytes, freshly isolated splenocytes from Stat5b−/− mice exhibited greatly diminished proliferation in response to IL-2 and IL-15. This results from both a decrease in the number and responsiveness of natural killer (NK) cells. Corresponding to the diminished proliferation, basal as well as IL-2– and IL-15–mediated boosting of NK cytolytic activity was also greatly diminished. These data indicate an essential nonredundant role for Stat5b for potent NK cell–mediated proliferation and cytolytic activity.
Randomized controlled trial of antibiotic prophylaxis regimens for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

BACKGROUND A prior study showed significant antibiotic resistance to quinolone in our population. In this study we aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of a single versus a combined prophylactic antibiotic regimen before transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUGPB). METHODS A prospective randomized study was conducted at a university hospital. Patients undergoing TRUGPB were randomized into an amoxicillin-clavulanate alone (1 mg; one dose before and two doses after biopsy) or an amoxicillin-clavulanate + ciprofloxacin group (250 mg; one dose before and two doses after biopsy). Patients were surveyed for infection symptoms by phone on days 3 and 30 after TRUGPB. We defined an infective complication as the occurrence of symptoms including fever, chills or rigor within 30 days after prostate biopsy, requiring medical treatment or hospitalization, aided by a territory-wide electronic medical record system. RESULTS Between November 2007 and July 2009, 367 patients were randomized to either amoxicillin-clavulanate alone or amoxicillin-clavulanate + ciprofloxacin group. The infection rates after TRUGPB were 3.91% in the former group (7 out of 179 patients) versus 0.53% (1 out of 188 patients) in the latter. Sixty-three percent (5/8) of patients with infective complications needed hospitalization. There was no intensive care unit admission or mortality during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Combining prophylactic antibiotics with amoxicillin-clavulanate + ciprofloxacin significantly reduced the incidence of infective complications after TRUGPB. We recommended a combination regimen, especially in centre with high incidence of post-TRUGPB infection.
Ifit1 Inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication through Binding to 5′ Capped 2′-O Unmethylated RNA

ABSTRACT The interferon-inducible protein with tetratricopeptide (IFIT) family proteins inhibit replication of some viruses by recognizing several types of RNAs, including 5′-triphosphate RNA and 5′ capped 2′-O unmethylated mRNA. However, it remains unclear how IFITs inhibit replication of some viruses through recognition of RNA. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms by which Ifit1 exerts antiviral responses. Replication of a Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) 2′-O methyltransferase (MTase) mutant was markedly enhanced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and macrophages lacking Ifit1. Ifit1 bound 5′-triphosphate RNA but more preferentially associated with 5′ capped 2′-O unmethylated mRNA. Ifit1 inhibited the translation of mRNA and thereby restricted the replication of JEV mutated in 2′-O MTase. Thus, Ifit1 inhibits replication of MTase-defective JEV by inhibiting mRNA translation through direct binding to mRNA 5′ structures.
Graph-Theoretic Based Connectivity Restoration Algorithms for Mobile Sensor Networks

In mobile sensor networks (MSN), actuated sensors collaborate with each other in some predefined missions. The collaboration requires application-level coordination based on a strongly connected underlying network, which is often in an infrastructure-free ad hoc manner. The particular network topology provides flexibility as well as vulnerability to the potential applications of MSN; for example, the connectivity can be easily jeopardized if the network is partitioned into disjoint segments from the failure of some critical sensors. In this paper, a critical sensor determination and substitution (CSDS) strategy is proposed to address the important problem of network partitions in mobile sensor networks (MSN) due to the failure of particular sensors. CSDS utilizes a graph-theoretic method to locally identify critical sensors with 2-hop neighboring information. Then, an efficient backup sensor selection algorithm is proposed to monitor the critical sensors and, if necessary, substitute it in order to eliminate the partitions in MSN. The main contribution of our proposed work is that CSDS requires the relocation of only one sensor in each partition elimination process, so that the impacts on the primary missions of the MSN are minimized. Experimental simulations are conducted to evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of CSDS.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS AND FRANCISELLA NOVICIDA

Owen, C. R. (U.S. Public Health Service, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mont.), E. O. Buker, W. L. Jellison, D. B. Lackman, and J. F. Bell. Comparative studies of Francisella tularensis and Francisella novicida. J. Bacteriol. 87:676–683. 1964. —Comparative studies of various properties of Francisella tularensis (= Pasteurella tularensis) and F. novicida were performed. The two organisms are very similar morphologically. Growth of both was markedly enhanced by addition of cystine to media, but F. novicida is less fastidious than F. tularensis. The virulence of F. novicida for mice and cavies is lower than that of fresh isolates of F. tularensis. In complement-fixation tests, some cross-reaction occurred when rabbit antisera were used; complement-fixation tests with cavy antisera were specific. Agglutination tests with sera from both rabbits and cavies were specific. Nonliving vaccines of the two organisms (extracts, whole dead cells) conferred no cross-protection to mice; living attenuated vaccines conferred cross-protection which was more transitory than was specific protection. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) tests were highly specific. Absorption of antisera with homologous organisms removed all PCA reactivity, while absorption with heterologous organisms left it almost intact. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests were specific. It was concluded that the two organisms are sufficiently similar to belong in the same genus but sufficiently different to be retained in separate species.
Consistency requirements of distributed shared memory for Dijkstra's mutual exclusion algorithm

As is well known any algorithm correct in an asynchronous shared memory setting (physically shared memory) can be directly applied in distributed shared memory (DSM) systems provided that the latter guarantees strong consistency (atomic or sequential) of replicas. Generally however, in DSM systems, weaker consistency models (causal, processor, PRAM, etc.) are often considered to improve the performance. A weakening consistency model may however imply the incorrectness of the algorithm. So we face a consistency requirement problem, the problem of finding the weakest consistency model of DSM that is sufficient and necessary for algorithm correctness. We consider a reliable DSM environment, and present a complex consistency model comprising three elementary models: sequential consistency, coherence and PRAM consistency. This complex model is then applied to Dijsktra's (1965) algorithm for mutual exclusion of n processes, one of the first solutions to a fundamental problem in both centralised and distributed operating systems. In the resulting algorithm, coherence and PRAM consistency are associated with some write operations performed at shared memory locations. As concurrent execution of write operations with weaker consistency models is more efficient when compared to the execution of strongly consistent operations, the proposed solution reduces synchronisation delay (mutual exclusion overhead) and thereby increases system throughput. The presented model is proven to be sufficient for algorithm correctness. Moreover, the algorithm is shown to be optimal in the sense that further relaxation of any write operations semantics violates progress (liveness) or safety of the algorithm.
It’s all a matter of consensus: Leader role modeling strength as a moderator of the links between ethical leadership and employee outcomes

The present research examines the relationships between ethical leadership and unit-level organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and individual-level job satisfaction. In addition, this study tests the proposition that the impact of ethical leadership on these outcomes is moderated by leader role modeling strength, a unit-level construct that captures within-group consensus regarding the extent to which unit members perceived the leader as a role model of ethical behaviors at work. To these ends, the article draws on social learning theory (Bandura, 1977) and social identity theory (Ashforth and Mael, 1989). The results provide support for the proposed theoretical model in a sample of 297 employees nested in 58 work units. Specifically, ethical leadership was more strongly and positively associated with unit-level OCB and individual-level job satisfaction in work units reporting higher (versus lower) leader role modeling strength. This research highlights the importance of studying leader role modeling perceptions in order to better understand the boundary conditions of the impact of ethical leadership on employee attitudes and behaviors.
Social support and psychological distress: a longitudinal analysis.

This study used a multiple regression model of change in a longitudinal framework to examine the relationship between changes in social support and psychological maladjustment, controlling for initial maladjustment and initial levels of life change and social support. Respondents were a randomly selected community sample of 245 male and 248 female adult family members who completed two surveys administered 1 year apart. Findings were consistent with previous studies reporting a negative relationship between social support and psychological maladjustment. In addition, when initial levels of maladjustment, life change, and social support were controlled, results generally supported the prediction that decreases in social support in family and work environments would be significantly related to increases in psychological maladjustment over the 1 year period.
Towards a renewed understanding of the complex nerves of the digital divide

Past research has provided ample support for the assertion that advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) accelerates economic growth. Recently, developing countries are witnessing high growth rates in ICT; nevertheless, the pace of research in this sector is relatively lower than the developed world. Although the digital divide globally seems to be diminished over time, the awareness about the issue is on a continuous rise. Despite vast research in the field, the multidimensional aspects of the term ‘digital divide’ are poorly understood. The majority of the published literature on the digital divide suffers from the lack of a multidimensional perspective on the topic. It appears that the conventional knowledge base on the digital divide has caused confusion in academia rather than clarifications. The aim of this paper is to establish an adequate understanding of the enormous complexity that hides in the term ‘digital divide’. For this purpose, a comprehensive literature review consisting of peer reviewed scientific articles was systematically conducted to understand and examine the current trends in the topic. Building on the past peer reviewed research; the present study discusses the multifaceted concept of the digital divide in depth and proposes future courses of action for policy makers.
A novel method based on behavior network for Web service composition

It is difficult to produce the user's needed services by appropriately processing a number of the Web resources. Web services enable to produce the relevant information to users via standard methods and to make more flexible service sequences using Web service composition. As a clerk helps us to buy items in the store, Web services should provide more active services in accordance with user's situation and environments. But the composition based on static rules is currently dominant in Web service composition. In this paper, we propose Web service composition based on behavior network. Behavior network generates behaviors automatically through the internal links and external links with sensors and goals, and can be applied to actively construct dynamic service sequences using Web services. To verify the usefulness of our proposed method, we have developed an application based on behavior network using Amazon Web services. We have conducted the experiments with the application and have evaluated the usefulness. The results show the possibility of the behavior network for Web service composition.
Telling Organizational Tales

The extended case method brings existing theory to bear on a particular ethnographic case, enabling complex macro-level questions to be examined through their everyday manifestations in micro-level social settings. Yet it remains comparatively underutilized among organizational researchers, many of whom may be deterred by an apparent lack of practical guidance. The article addresses this by outlining three main steps, illustrated by the authors’ own experience of implementing the extended case method in a recently published organizational study. In so doing, the article makes clear the distinctiveness of the method, particularly compared to the better-known grounded theory approach to ethnography. It concludes that by offering a bridge between interpretive and critical approaches, the extended case method represents a valuable addition to the toolkit of organizational researchers.
Taxonomic Distinctness of the Intertidal Fish Community on the Pacific Coast of Baja California Sur, México

The intertidal zone is a complex coastal area exposed to a wide variety of environmental factors. During low tide, rocky pools are exposed to air for several hours throughout the day, and environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity are highly variable. Fish communities that inhabit these tide pools are also exposed to environmental variability; therefore it is important to look at fish community structure in relation to important environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on tide pools during spring tides, time of greater exposure to air. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the variation of the taxonomic distinctness of intertidal fish communities considering temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen of the water that remains trapped in the tide pools during low tide. Visual census surveys were carried out monthly, from January to December 2015, in the intertidal zone of El Faro during spring tides on full moon days, when fluctuations of environmental variables are significant. Total extension of the census surveys was 156 × 5 m (780 m2). A total of 145 tide pools were sampled and divided in three groups (small, medium and large) according to size and depths that ranged from 20 to 45 cm. Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen fluctuate throughout the year of study. Thermal difference between open ocean and tide pools ranged from 3.5°C to 4.5°C. A total of 3757 organisms from 22 species, 12 families, four orders and one class were recorded. When comparing taxonomic distinctness and average taxonomic distinctness between months and tide pools of different sizes, values fell within the confidence intervals in the tunnel and were located close to the mean.
ACTION OF CYTOCHALASIN D ON CELLS OF ESTABLISHED LINES

HeLa, Vero, L, HEp2, and MDBK cells respond immediately to 0.2–0.5 µg/ml cytochalasin D (CD) with sustained contraction (contracture), loss of microvilli, expression of endoplasmic contents (zeiosis), nuclear protrusion, and extension of cytoplasmic processes. The development of these changes is depicted, and the dose-response patterns in these cell lines are described. MDBK is generally most resistant and HeLa most sensitive to these effects of CD. Cells in G1 are most sensitive to CD; responsiveness decreases progressively during early S and is least in mid S through G2. CD inhibits transport of [14C]deoxyglucose in HeLa by about 45% but has no significant effect on hexose uptake in Vero and MDBK; sugar transport is thus apparently unrelated to any morphologic effect of CD. Although spreading and attachment are impeded, CD does not decrease and may even enhance the adhesiveness of established monolayers. Contraction appears to be a primary early effect of CD, upon which other visible changes follow. It is prevented by some inhibitors of energy metabolism (deoxyglucose and dinitrophenol) and does not occur in glycerinated models without ATP. The possible bases of the contractile response to CD are discussed. Although direct or indirect action of CD on some microfilaments may occur, a generalized structural disruption of contractile filaments by CD is considered unlikely.
Why Elsa Asks From When He Came An Epistemological Analysis of Richard Wagner's Lohengrin ∗

Why does Elsa succumb to asking the forbidden question in Richard Wagner’s Lohengrin? The perceived wisdom is that not knowing your spouse’s “Nam und Art” is simply too much for any human being. This study challenges this assumption and offers a radically different explanation based on a rigorous analysis of the main characters’ belief systems and the profound psychological force of second-order uncertainty.
The Impact of Young Children on Women’s Labour Supply

The proportion of women who withdraw from paid employment when they have children differs considerably among the countries of the European Union (EU), and the variation has mostly been attributed to institutional factors. In this study, we reassess the institutional explanation, because earlier supportive evidence is threatened by two alternative macro-level explanations: the influence of the economic necessity to work and the influence of gender role values in society. Our main research question is whether and to what extent these alternative explanations alter the effect of public childcare arrangements on mothers’ labour supply. Using panel data from 13 countries of the EU, we find evidence in favour of the institutional and economic explanations. In countries with more generous provision of public childcare and in countries with a lower level of economic welfare, the impact of childbirth on female labour supply is less negative than in other countries. Economic welfare appears to suppress rather than rival the institutional effect. More egalitarian gender role values in a country increase mothers’ labour supply, yet these values do not alter the institutional effect. Our results underpin the importance of publicly supported arrangements for enhancing female labour supply.
CCR2 overexpression promotes the efficient recruitment of retinal microglia in vitro

Purpose Retinal microglia can be activated and recruited by chemokines and play a protective role in early retinal degeneration. CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its receptor, CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), have been implicated as key mediators for the trafficking and accumulation of microglial cells in lesioned tissue. The current study investigates whether the overexpression of CCR2 allows microglia to migrate toward CCL2 more efficiently. Methods Primary microglial cells were transduced with lentivirus carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged CCR2 (CCR2-GFP). Overexpression of CCR2 was assessed by western blot analysis and fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. The chemotaxis of primary microglia transduced with lentivirus carrying CCR2-GFP was compared to either those transduced with GFP alone or those not transduced, using a chemotaxis chamber assay. Results Primary microglia showed a high transduction rate following lentivirus application and maintained normal microglial morphology and a significant overexpression of CCR2 protein. We found that CCL2-mediated chemotaxis is concentration and time dependent in microglia. The chemotactic response of microglia cells overexpressing CCR2-GFP was significantly increased compared to that of nontransduced and GFP-expressing microglia. Conclusions These findings suggest that microglia can be efficiently transduced with CCR2-GFP lentiviral vectors and that the overexpression of CCR2 in retinal microglia promotes their chemotaxis in response to chemokines, suggesting that these cells may be promising targets for cell-based therapeutic manipulation in retinal disease.
The Study of Efficacy of Cognitive Therapy Basis on Positive Psychology on Subjective Well- Being

The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of Michael Firsch’s new method containing cognitive therapy and positive psychology on subjective well- being. The method was semi- experimental with pretest, post test and control group. The population were 40 referees who were selected by voluntarily sampling and set in two groups of experimental and control by random. The experimental group had been trained Firsch’s education in cognitive therapy and positive psychology in 8 sessions (each 120 minutes) but the control group did not. At last both groups had post test. It is used Oxford happiness questionnaire. The T- test showed there is a significant difference between subjective well- being scores between two groups in post test (P<0.001). This means that cognitive therapy and positive psychology is effective on subjective well- being. Keyword: Subjective Well-Being, Cognitive Therapy, Positive Psychology, Life Satisfaction
The Identification of Selected Dysfunctions and Paradoxes in Corporate Social Responsibility Management in Small Enterprise

— The study presents a brief and synthetic discussion of selected conclusions resulting from multidimensional and in-depth empirical studies. Its theoretical part presents the assumptions referring to social responsibility management from the perspective of the specific nature of small enterprise functioning, while the empirical part presents the selected dysfunctions and paradoxes in social responsibility management referring to this group of enterprises. The paper is summarized by a short list of the resulting recommendations.
The Nine Deadly sins of Project Planning

1. Not planning at all By far the most common planning problem is simply not planning at all, and this sin is easily avoided. A person need not be an expert planner to plan effectively. I’ve seen numerous instances of projects planned by rank amateurs that have run well simply because the people in charge had carefully considered their project’s specific needs. Forced to choose between an expert project planner who doesn’t carefully think through his plan or an amateur who has thoroughly evaluated his project needs, I’ll bet on the amateur every time.