Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Onset of Late Palaeozoic glacio-eustasy and the evolving climates of low latitude areas: a synthesis of current understanding

Studies of depth sensitive carbonate successions in the UK indicate that regular, orbitally forced glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillations, which characterized the late Palaeozoic, started abruptly around 330 Ma (early Asbian). The Gondwanan ice sheet was highly sensitive to orbitally forced variations in solar insolation and the resultant sea-level oscillations had an approximate 100 ka periodicity. Studies of fossil soils and palaeokarst from low latitude settings suggest that pre-Asbian climates were relatively stable with infrequent changes. However, climatic changes became increasingly frequent in the Asbian and Brigantian, with regular fluctuations of a sub-100 ka periodicity occurring during glacial lowstand intervals.
Disrupting the Traditional Learning Paradigm: Place-Based Learning as Transformational Space

Place-based learning may be one of the disruptive innovations called for by Randy Bass in his keynote address, Architecture of the Unexpected: Beyond the Learning Paradigm. Place-based learning goes beyond the learning paradigm by challenging students to partner with community members in a specific place, to learn through interacting with the people and spaces, and to think like agents of change. Working as co-designers, faculty, students, and community stakeholders become partners to promote learning and transformation of individuals and places. Using place-based learning in the university setting facilitates the application of global, generalizable knowledge to the specifics of local people and places, creating hope for solutions that address the locali realities of the world’s wicked challenges.
Design of a multi-target focused library for antidiabetic targets using a comprehensive set of chemical transformation rules

Virtual small molecule libraries are valuable resources for identifying bioactive compounds in virtual screening campaigns and improving the quality of libraries in terms of physicochemical properties, complexity, and structural diversity. In this context, the computational-aided design of libraries focused against antidiabetic targets can provide novel alternatives for treating type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this work, we integrated the information generated to date on compounds with antidiabetic activity, advances in computational methods, and knowledge of chemical transformations available in the literature to design multi-target compound libraries focused on T2DM. We evaluated the novelty and diversity of the newly generated library by comparing it with antidiabetic compounds approved for clinical use, natural products, and multi-target compounds tested in vivo in experimental antidiabetic models. The designed libraries are freely available and are a valuable starting point for drug design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation or further computational filtering. Also, the compendium of 280 transformation rules identified in a medicinal chemistry context is made available in the linear notation SMIRKS for use in other chemical library enumeration or hit optimization approaches.
Crustal shear‐wave splitting from local earthquakes in the Hengill Triple Junction, southwest Iceland

The Hengill region in SW Iceland is an unstable ridge-ridge-transform triple junction between an active and a waning segment of the mid-Atlantic spreading center and a transform that is transgressing southward. The triple junction contains active and extinct spreading segments and a widespread geothermal area. We evaluated shear-wave birefringence for locally recorded upper-crustal earthquakes using an array of 30 three-component digital seismographs. Fast-polarization directions, ϕ, are mostly NE to NNE, subparallel to the spreading axis and probably caused by fissures and microcracks related to spreading. However, there is significant variability in ϕ throughout the array. The lag from fast to slow S is not proportional to earthquake depth (ray length), being scattered at all depths. The average wave-speed difference between qS1 and qS2 in the upper 2–5 km of the crust is 2–5%. Our results suggest considerable heterogeneity or strong S scattering.
Adaptive Adversarial Contrastive Learning for Cross-Domain Recommendation

Graph-based cross-domain recommendations (CDRs) are useful for suggesting appropriate items because of their promising ability to extract features from user–item interactions and transfer knowledge across domains. Thus, the model can effectively alleviate cold start and data sparsity issues. Although the graph-based CDRs can capture valuable information, they still have some limitations. First, embeddings are highly vulnerable to noisy interactions, because the message aggregation in the graph convolutional network can further enlarge the impact. Second, because of the property of graph-structured data, the influence of high-degree nodes on representation learning is more than that of the long-tail items, and this can cause a poor recommendation performance. In this study, we devised a novel Adaptive Adversarial Contrastive Learning framework for graph-based Cross-Domain Recommendation (ACLCDR). The ACLCDR introduces reinforcement learning to generate adaptive augmented samples for contrastive learning tasks. Then, we leveraged a multitask training strategy to jointly optimize the model with auxiliary tasks. Finally, we verified the effectiveness of the ACLCDR through nine real-world cross-domain tasks adopted from Amazon and Douban. We observed that ACLCDR exceeded the best state-of-the-art baseline by 25%, 42.5%, 16.3%, and 23.8% in terms of HR@10 and NDCG@10 for the Music & Movie task from Amazon.
Adsorption of Iron and Manganese Ions from Mine Acid Water Using Manganese Green Sand in Batch Process

Fe and Mn metal ions in acid mine drainage can contaminate water bodies and soil, endangering human health. In this study, the adsorption of Fe and Mn in acid mine drainage was carried out using manganese greensand. This study aimed to obtain 1) the adsorption model of Fe and Mn isotherms using manganese greensand and 2) the surface morphology of manganese greensand before and after the adsorption process. This study used laboratory-scale experimental methods with variable concentrations of Fe (325, 400, 475, 550, 625 mg/L) and Mn (432, 507, 582, 657, 732 mg/L). The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were used to determine the adsorption capacity of Fe and Mn by manganese greensand. Test for Fe and Mn content using the AAS method and test the surface morphology and content of manganese greensand using SEM-EDX. The results showed that: (1) the Freundlich equation test yielded for Fe: in a constant R 2 of 0.9862, n = 0.6912, KB = 0.2180 mg/g, while the Langmuir equation test yielded in a constant R 2 of 0.8836, b = 0.0051 L/mg, q m = 169.4915 mg/g; the Freundlich equation test yielded for Mn: in a constant R 2 of 0.9923, n = 0.8651, KB = 1.0445 mg/g, while the Langmuir equation test yielded in a constant R 2 of 0.6615, b = 0.0010 L/mg, q m = 500 mg/g; (2) The surface morphology of manganese greensand before contact with acid mine drainage contains needle-shaped particles of uniform size with a hexagonal structure, whereas, after contact with acid mine drainage, the particles are clumped like cotton and form needles with varying sizes.
Detection of African swine fever virus genotype II in domestic pigs during a hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Ogun State, Nigeria

African swine fever outbreaks are ongoing in Europe and other parts of the world. In Nigeria, genotype I has been previously described, while genotype II was only reported recently. This study investigated a major disease outbreak in one of the largest pig farms in Nigeria, detected the etiology and determined the evolutionary history of African swine fever virus. Viral DNA was extracted and used to confirm the circulation of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) by Polymerase Chain Reaction, followed by the sequencing of the amplified products by Sanger’s method. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the ASFV detected in this study belong to genotype II and clustered with reference strains from the Euro-Asian region and Tanzania in East Africa. This being the second report of ASFV genotype II in quick succession from Nigeria, suggests there may have been an unrecognized indigenous circulation or re-emergence of previously contained, or introduction of ASFV genotype II into the country. This reinforces the need for active surveillance and biosecurity measures to prevent and control transmission.
Exploring Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients’ Blood

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional clinical stage prior to dementia. Patients with amnestic MCI have a high risk of progression toward Alzheimer’s disease. Both amnestic mild cognitive impairment and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease are multifactorial disorders consequential from a multifaceted cross-talk among molecular and biological processes. Non-coding RNAs play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, mainly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), that regulate other RNA transcripts through binding microRNAs. Cross-talk between RNAs, including coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs, produces a significant regulatory network all through the transcriptome. The relationship of genes and non-coding RNAs could improve the knowledge of the genetic factors contributing to the predisposition and pathophysiology of MCI. The objective of this study was to identify the expression patterns and relevant lncRNA-associated miRNA regulatory axes in the blood of MCI patients, which includes lncRNA-SNHG16, lncRNA-H19, and lncRNA-NEAT1. Microarray investigations have demonstrated modifications in the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in the blood of patients with MCI compared with control samples. This is the first study to explore lncRNA profiles in mild cognitive impairment blood. Our study proposes RNAs targets involved in molecular pathways connected to the pathogenesis of MCI.
HIRADC Analysis for Rolling Stock Body Lifting Ngrombo Railway Maintenance Center

The Railway Maintenance Center as stated in the Regulation has the duty and function of carrying out the maintenance of state-owned railway facilities. The part of rolling stock heavy maintenance with high potential hazard is Lifting Body Activities Using OHTC in Maintenance of Hydraulic Diesel Locomotive Facilities activity. it so there is a need for a risk assessment which is a process to determine control priorities for the level of risk work accident or occupational disease. Part of OHSAS 18001:2007 Clouse 4.3. 1. recommendation HIRADC methode for can support a safety system with 3 stage analisys (hazard identification, risk assessment, and control determination) The Hazard Identification results obtained 3 aspects of hazard risk in OHTC Rolling stock Body Lifting operations with the following analysis results Crane toppling, Equipment failure, Load falling with Death & asset / property damage impact factor. Risk Assessment analisys of Rolling stock Body Lifting using OHTC obtained results action taken when resources are available regarding handling which in general were Administrative Control. Determine Control relevant steps to minimize potential hazards immediately (1) Evaluating SOP Rolling stock Body Lifting and conduct outreach to all employees related to the work, (2) Making and or adding hazard signs and (3) Human development by conducting Training/Refreshment Crane Operator and Signal man. (4) Strictness of the rules for using PPE for all employees related to the work as the last step in minimizing the risk of occupational hazards.
Natural biomass-derived carbon dots as a potent solubilizer with high biocompatibility and enhanced antioxidant activity

Numerous natural compounds exhibit low bioavailability due to suboptimal water solubility. The solubilization methods of the modern pharmaceutical industry in contemporary pharmaceutical research are restricted by low efficiency, sophisticated technological requirements, and latent adverse effects. There is a pressing need to elucidate and implement a novel solubilizer to ameliorate these challenges. This study identified natural biomass-derived carbon dots as a promising candidate. We report on natural fluorescent carbon dots derived from Aurantia Fructus Immatures (AFI-CDs), which have exhibited a remarkable solubilization effect, augmenting naringin (NA) solubility by a factor of 216.72. Subsequent analyses suggest that the solubilization mechanism is potentially contingent upon the oration of a nanostructured complex (NA-AFI-CDs) between AFI-CDs and NA, mediated by intermolecular non-covalent bonds. Concomitantly, the synthesized NA-AFI-CDs demonstrated high biocompatibility, exceptional stability, and dispersion. In addition, NA-AFI-CDs manifested superior free radical scavenging capacity. This research contributes foundational insights into the solubilization mechanism of naringin-utilizing AFI-CDs and proffers a novel strategy that circumvents the challenges associated with the low aqueous solubility of water-insoluble drugs in the field of modern pharmaceutical science.
A new calibration correction method for INSAT-3D/3DR brightness temperatures to improve rainfall estimation

ABSTRACT Importance of continuous monitoring of rainfall from Indian geostationary satellites INSAT-3D/3DR over India and surrounding oceans is not only necessary to monitor the performance of the monsoon, but is extremely useful in disaster mitigation support system as well. It has been observed that rain products from INSAT-3D/3DR often show overestimation in certain areas with unrealistic instances of intense rain, which need a closer examination. With this objective, the present study is carried out, which suggests that a non-linear calibration equation for thermal infrared brightness temperatures (Tb) of INSAT-3D/3DR is more appropriate than routinely applied linear equation for rainfall estimation. The study elaborates a new calibration correction method and addresses the requirement of such calibration. To evaluate the performance of proposed method, Hydro-Estimator (HE) operational rainfall products from INSAT-3D/3DR are re-estimated from the newly calibrated Tbs during Indian summer monsoon (June-September), 2020. The re-estimated HE rain not only substantially reduces the instances of overestimation, but also show remarkable improvement in capturing rainfall distribution over India and surrounding ocean. Improvement in RMSE from 8.56 mm/hr to 3.23 mm/hr, when compared with the concurrent IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrieval for Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)) rain, shows reliability of the new method. Furthermore, the re-estimated HE rain compares better with in-situ rain gauges observations than the operational HE product with RMSE (bias) reduced from 85.43 mm/day (30.23 mm/day) to 40.02 mm/day (17.07 mm/day), and correlation improved from 0.28 to 0.32. The significance of the new calibration method is also recognized in the rain monitoring over complex hilly terrain and coastal regions of India.
Associations Among Knee Osteoarthritis Severity, Body Mass Index, and Physical Functions in Saudi Arabian Adults: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations among knee osteoarthritis severity, body mass index, and physical functions in Saudi Arabian adults. Methodology In this multi-center, cross-sectional study, we performed a secondary data analysis that included 189 adults aged 55 years or above with doctor-diagnosed knee osteoarthritis enrolled in five hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2016 and March 2017. According to knee osteoarthritis severity, all of the individuals were divided into the following three groups: mild (n = 36), moderate (n = 75), and severe (n = 78). A high body mass index was defined as a body mass index score of >25 kg/m2. Physical function was evaluated using the 36-item physical functioning subscale. Results Severe knee osteoarthritis had a significantly 6.47-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.95-14.22, p < 0.0001) higher risk of physical function than those with mild knee osteoarthritis after adjusting for age, sex, educational status, occupational status, affected knee with osteoarthritis, knee pain, and body mass index. However, moderate knee osteoarthritis had a 1.22-fold higher risk of physical function, but the association was not statistically significant (95% CI = 0.60-2.49, p = 0.578). Conclusions Severe but not moderate knee osteoarthritis was more likely to have the worst physical function than mild knee osteoarthritis among adults with a high body mass index in Saudi Arabia.
State of the Art for Addressing Hazards from Common Causes in Engineering Digital Instrumentation & Control (I&C) Systems

In the traditional approach to assure the safety of systems of the highest criticality (e.g., reactor protection systems), diversity in design has been used to compensate for the “unknown unknowns” (residual uncertainties). To obtain a comparable level of assurance without diversity in design, the residual uncertainties would have to be much lower. This motivated an assessment of the state-of-the-art for addressing hazards from common causes rooted in engineering deficiencies. The assessment is based on literature survey and interviews with, and review feedback from, experts in safety-critical digital systems used in other industries, such as avionics, space exploration, automotive, and medical devices. The state-of-the-art included technological capabilities which have been demonstrated in leading-edge implementations, but their usage may not have been scaled up. The investigation searched the technical literature to find different categories of hazard-contributing engineering deficiencies which could be discovered at each phase of development in a commonly used reference model. Then, for each category, the study identified the conditions to prevent those deficiencies, and the methods for satisfying the preventative conditions. Next, the study identified an approach to integrate all the diverse evidence to reach a consistent conclusion and approaches to reduce inconsistencies in judgment about the residual uncertainty. The findings indicate that the state-of-the-art can support consistent judgment based on objective, scientific evidence and logical reasoning.
EMERGING FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTICS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: The cardiovascular diagnostic landscape is rapidly evolving, with novel and advanced techniques and technologies continually emerging. Detection, monitoring, and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are quickly changing, which are leading mortality cause globally. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the current cardiovascular diagnostic modalities. It seeks to elucidate novel and promising technologies, address their advantages, limitations, and potential integration into clinical practice. Methods: This literature review discusses the recent cardiovascular diagnostics which were obtained from various sources such as PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for articles published in the last decade. Results: The review identified vital emerging frontiers in cardiovascular diagnosis, including advancements in multi-modal imaging (such as PET-MRI), novel biomarkers, artificial intelligence applications, and the growing utility of wearable and remote monitoring technologies. Conclusion: Emerging techniques integration inroutine clinical practice requires careful consideration of their advantages and potential for improving patient outcomes. The review highlights the pressing need for continued research and guideline to ensure these innovations realize their full potential for the future of cardiovascular medicine.
The current status of Korean native pig production

Korean native pigs (KNPs) have been one of the traditional livestock primarily raised in rural areas of Korea for centuries. KNPs have adapted to the climate and geography of the Korean Peninsula for a long time, exhibiting excellent adaptability even in challenging environments. For these reasons, the preservation and purification of KNPs are crucial in securing unique genetic resources. Therefore, this review covers the characteristics, production status, commercial value and potential breeding directions of KNPs. Unfortunately, there is still a long way to go for the improvement of KNPs. It is crucial to acknowledge the current challenges, identify the issues, and dedicate efforts to the breed’s improvement. Each section of this comprehensive review will play an important role in integrating related research and data into the overall findings. In-depth discussions on the genetic diversity, productivity, genetic con - servation, ecological roles, and sustainability of KNPs will be crucial components in the future of KNP business.
Engaged and Uncivil? Incivility and Engagement on Twitter over a Televised Presidential Debate in Chile

Although political talk on Twitter has been described as toxic and uncivil, Twitter offers a space for users to engage in deliberative expression during live political events. By relying on a content analysis of 2,000 tweets posted during a televised presidential debate in Chile, this study quantifies the presence of uncivil, humorous/sarcastic, and deliberative expressions in the debate-related live-tweeting, observing how such expression triggers user engagement measured as likes and retweets. Our results suggest that humor/ sarcasm is more common than uncivil expression, with users being sarcastic toward candidates and mocking debate-related situations. Surprisingly, we found that male candidates were more likely than female candidates to receive hostile mentions, suggesting that factors other than (or in addition to) gender might explain the extent to which political figures are the target of uncivil speech. We also found that deliberative tweets are more likely to be liked and retweeted by other users. Implications and future research are discussed.
Natural LXR

Ischemic brain injury represents insufficient oxygen supply to the brain and further damage occurs upon reoxygenation due to elevated intracellular levels excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which has long been related to neuronal cell death of hippocampus brain region. Previously, using cell biological assay and transcriptomics analysis we reported that naturally occurring phytosterol Stigmasterol (ST) promotes brain development and function through the enhancement of neuronal cytoarchitectural complexity and functional maturation in rat hippocampal neurons by induction of immediate early genes (IEGs). In the present study we investigated the STs role in neuroprotection and found that ST also dose-dependently increased the neuronal viability in hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) induced injury at hippocampal culture. ST, at an optimal concentration of 20 μ M, significantly reduced the transport of vesicular glutamate (VGULT1), synaptic vesicle pool size, expression of GluN2B, rate of ROS formation (DCFDA) but restore mitochondrial membrane potential (JC1) and DNA fragmentation (H2AX) against H/R induced injury. More interestingly, ST also significantly induces the expression of autophagy marker protein LC3BII and the adaptor protein P62 but not HSC70 which indicates STs capability of induction of chaperon independent autophagy at H/R treated cultures. Furthermore densitometric analysis reveals ST also significantly increases PINK1 (PTEN induced protein kinase 1) expression therefore, indicates its role in mitophagy. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations study indicates that ST bind to LXR