Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal path selection in graded network using Artificial Bee Colony algorithm with agent enabled information

In this paper we propose a network aware approach for routing in graded network using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. ABC has been used as a good search process for optimality exploitation and exploration. The paper shows how ABC approach has been utilized for determining the optimal path based on bandwidth availability of the link and how it outperformed non graded network while deriving the optimal path. The selection of the nodes is based on the direction of the destination node also. This would help in narrowing down the number of nodes participating in routing. Here an agent system governs the collection of QoS parameters of the nodes. Also a quadrant is synthesized with centre as the source node. Based on the information of which quadrant the destination belongs, a search is performed. Among the many searches observed by the onlooker bees the best path is selected based on which onlooker bee comes back to source with information of the optimal path. The simulation result shows that the path convergence in graded network with ABC was 30% faster than non-graded ABC.
Analyse du fonctionnement de collectifs d’enseignants : proposition méthodologique

Cet article s’appuie sur des travaux portant sur les collectifs d’enseignants et sur le concept de sentiment d’efficacite professionnelle pour proposer une methodologie d’enquete explorant le fonctionnement des equipes d’enseignants. Un questionnaire personnalise pour chaque equipe enquetee permet d’aboutir a deux indices : la mobilisation de l’equipe et les divergences d’appreciation dans la collaboration. Ce questionnaire, teste aupres de trois equipes de lycees agricoles, montre la capacite discriminante de ces indices, qui sont en relation avec le role du coordonnateur d’equipe et l’efficacite auto-percue de l’equipe.
The channel rate-distortion model of video transmission based on bit error

This paper proposes a new approach for estimating distortion due to channel bit error over video transmission. Based on this method, we establish the channel rate-distortion model for bit error. Different from the channel distortion estimate for packets loss proposed, our model is compatible with no packet-switched network, such as UMTS CS domain and bit level error resilience tools like RVLC is also supported. Furthermore, our model plays a foundational role in a RD-based framework for optimal designing of channel code and radio power allocation schemes. Simulation results demonstrate that our model can accurately describe the relationship among video channel-distortion, coding rate and BER.
Pain during Arteriovenous Fistula Cannulation in Chronic Renal Patients on Hemodialysis

This study aimed to evaluate pain intensity in chronic renal patients under hemodialysis during the arteriovenous fistula cannulation. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a hemodialysis clinic in the second semester of 2014. 70 individuals participated in the research and were assessed by the visual analogue scale. The project was approved with opinion number 453.508-2013. During cannulation, the pain reported was moderate in 58.5% of patients, intense in 30% and mild in 11.5%. There was no association between the occurrence of pain in relation to gender, shift and time of hemodialysis. The study points out to the need for pre-cannulation analgesia to improve comfort during the procedure.
Childhood externalizing behavior problems, maternal depression, and father involvement in low-income African American families

Data indicate that up to 25% of preschoolers are exhibiting clinical levels of externalizing behaviors. Among children in at-risk populations, such as those attending Head Start preschools, estimates of clinical levels of externalizing behavior problems are as high as 30%. Studies of early childhood externalizing behavior problems indicate the potential for stability of elevated externalizing behaviors over time and the association of these behaviors with a variety of negative outcomes. Maternal depression and father involvement may be important predictors of externalizing behavior. The current study investigated the nature of the relationship between maternal depression, father involvement, and child externalizing behaviors among low-income African-American families with preschool-aged children. Path analysis implemented through Mplus computer software was used to test the hypothesized moderation and mediation models. Father involvement was not found to moderate the relationship between maternal depression and child externalizing behavior problems as hypothesized. However, father involvement was found to have an indirect relationship to child externalizing behaviors with maternal depression fully mediating the relationship between father involvement and parent-rated child externalizing behavior problems. Father involvement was also found to have a significant direct relationship with maternal depression such that as involvement increased, depression decreased. Maternal depression was also found to have a direct relationship with parent-rated child externalizing behavior problems, such that as depression decreased externalizing behaviors did as well.
Assessing home-based rehabilitation within the development of an integrated model of care for people living with HIV in a resource-poor community

Background People living with HIV (PLHIV) are living longer lives but are at a greater risk of developing disability. South Africa has the largest antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in the world, shifting HIV from a deadly to a chronic disease. The integration of rehabilitation into chronic care is therefore now crucial to ensure the highest quality of life of PLHIV. Aim To describe how a home-based rehabilitation (HBR) programme adhered to the fundamental principles of a theoretical model of integrated care developed for the study setting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Method The process and results from the HBR programme were assessed in relation to the model of care to ascertain which principles of the model were addressed with the HBR programme and which elements require further investigation. Results The HBR programme was able to apply a number of principles such as evidence-based practice, task shifting to lay personnel, enabling patient-centred care and maximising function and independence of PLHIV. Other elements such as the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach, training on the use of disability screening tools and the use of evidence to influence policy development were more difficult to implement. Conclusion It is possible to implement elements of the integrated model of care. Further research is needed to understand how principles that require further training and collaboration with other stakeholders can be implemented. The results of this study provide additional evidence towards understanding the feasibility of the theoretical model and what is required to adjust and test the full model.
Host microbiota modulates development of social preference in mice

Background Mounting evidence indicates that the indigenous gut microbiota exerts long-lasting programming effects on brain function and behaviour. Objective In this study, we used the germ-free (GF) mouse model, devoid of any microbiota throughout development, to assess the influence of the indigenous microbiota on social preference and repetitive behaviours (e.g. self-grooming). Methods and results Using the three-chambered social approach task, we demonstrate that when adult GF mice were given a choice to spend time with a novel mouse or object, they spent significantly more time sniffing and interacting with the stimulus mouse compared to conventionally raised mice (specific pathogen-free, SPF). Time spent in repetitive self-grooming behaviour, however, did not differ between GF and SPF mice. Real-time PCR–based gene expression analysis of the amygdala, a key region that is part of the social brain network, revealed a significant reduction in the mRNA levels of total brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), BDNF exon I-, IV-, VI-, IX-containing transcripts, and NGFI-A (a signalling molecule downstream of BDNF) in GF mice compared to SPF mice. Conclusion These results suggest that differential regulation of BDNF exon transcripts in the amygdala by the indigenous microbes may contribute to the altered social development of GF mice.
Het Health Belief Model en de risicoperceptie bij teken

More and more people are bitten by ticks and as a result end up with Lyme disease. Untreated Lyme disease can cause multiple severe symptoms. The aim of this study is to determine which components of the Health Belief Model can contribute to a healthier behavior regarding ticks and Lyme disease. Hundred and one participants returned an online questionnaire, which covered the following components of the Health Belief Model: perceived benefits, perceived barriers, health motivation, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, cues to action and action. A Pearson correlation coefficient was used to see if there was a relationship with the independent variables (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, health motivation, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy and cues to action) and the dependent variable (action). A significant relationship using was found between perceived susceptibility and action, also health motivation, cues to action, perceived barriers and perceived severity showed a significant relationship with action. Perceived benefits and self-efficacy did not show any significant results with action. A multiple regression analysis revealed health motivation as the best predictor of risk action. To conclude, the Health Belief Model is able to predict risk perceptions and risk reducing behavior in people regarding ticks and Lyme disease and health motivation turned out to be the best predictor or risk action
Content based error detection and concealment for image transmission over wireless channel

In this paper, we present a novel content-based image error detection and error concealment algorithm to improve the image quality degraded during its transmission over a wireless channel. The damaged image blocks are detected by exploring the contextual information in images, such as their consistency and edge continuity. The statistical characteristics of missing blocks are then estimated, based on the types of their surrounding blocks (e.g., smoothness, texture and edge). Finally, different error concealment strategies are applied to different types of blocks in order to achieve better visual quality. Instead of assuming random errors in packets, we simulate the errors of wireless channels based on the Rayleigh model. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method is effective in terms of visual quality assessment and efficient in terms of computation complexity.
Telomerase does not counteract telomere shortening but protects mitochondrial function under oxidative stress

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that counteracts telomere shortening and can immortalise human cells. There is also evidence for a telomere-independent survival function of telomerase. However, its mechanism is not understood. We show here that TERT, the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, protects human fibroblasts against oxidative stress. While TERT maintains telomere length under standard conditions, telomeres under increased stress shorten as fast as in cells without active telomerase. This is because TERT is reversibly excluded from the nucleus under stress in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Extranuclear telomerase colocalises with mitochondria. In TERT-overexpressing cells, mtDNA is protected, mitochondrial membrane potential is increased and mitochondrial superoxide production and cell peroxide levels are decreased, all indicating improved mitochondrial function and diminished retrograde response. We propose protection of mitochondria under mild stress as a novel function of TERT.
Sleep and alertness in children with ADHD.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate sleep and alertness and to investigate the presence of possible underlying sleep/wake disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD After 3 nights of adaptation in a room reserved for sleep studies in the department of child psychiatry, children underwent polysomnography (PSG) followed by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and reaction time tests (RT) during the daytime. Thirty boys diagnosed as having ADHD (DSM-IV), aged between 5 and 10 years, and 22 age- and sex-matched controls participated in the study. All children were medication-free and showed no clinical signs of sleep and alertness problems. RESULTS No significant differences in sleep variables were found between boys with ADHD and controls. The mean latency period was shorter in children with ADHD. Significant differences were found for MSLT 1, 2 and 3 (p < .05). Mean reaction time was longer in children with ADHD, with significant differences in all tests (p < .05). Number and duration of sleep onsets measured by the MSLT correlated significantly with the hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattentive-passivity indices of the CTRS and CPRS. CONCLUSION Children with ADHD were more sleepy during the day, as shown by the MSLT, and they had longer reaction times. These differences are not due to alteration in the quality of nocturnal sleep. The number of daytime sleep onsets and the rapidity of sleep-onsets measured as MSLT were found to be pertinent physiological indices to discriminate between ADHD subtypes. These results suggest that children with ADHD have a deficit in alertness. Whether this deficit is primary or not requires further studies.
Réduction de dimension pour l'analyse de données vidéo

Résumé. Les données vidéo ont la particularité d’être très volumineuses alors qu’elles contiennent peu d’information sémantique. Pour les analyser, il faut réduire la quantité d’information dans l’espace de recherche. Les données vidéo sont souvent considérées comme l’ensemble des pixels d’une succession d’images analysées séquentiellement. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’utiliser une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) pour réduire la dimensionnalité des informations sans perdre la nature tridimensionnelle des données initiales. Nous commençons par considérer des sous-séquences, dont le nombre de trames est le nombre de dimensions dans l’espace de représentation. Nous appliquons une ACP pour obtenir un espace de faible dimension où les points similaires sémantiquement sont proches. La sous-séquence est ensuite divisée en blocs tridimensionnels dont on projette l’ellipsoïde d’inertie dans le premier plan factoriel. Nous déduisons enfin le mouvement présent dans les blocs à partir des ellipses ainsi obtenues. Nous présenterons les résultats obtenus pour un problème de vidéosurveillance.
Evolutionary appearance of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase containing a penultimate threonine in the bryophyte

The plasma membrane H+-ATPase provides the driving force for solute transport via an electrochemical gradient of H+ across the plasma membrane, and regulates pH homeostasis and membrane potential in plant cells. However, the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in non-vascular plant bryophyte is largely unknown. Here, we show that the moss Physcomitrella patens, which is known as a model bryophyte, expresses both the penultimate Thr-containing H+-ATPase (pT H+-ATPase) and non-pT H+-ATPase as in the green algae, and that pT H+-ATPase is regulated by phosphorylation of its penultimate Thr. A search in the P. patens genome database revealed seven H+-ATPase genes, designated PpHA (Physcomitrella patens H+-ATPase). Six isoforms are the pT H+-ATPase; a remaining isoform is non-pT H+-ATPase. An apparent 95-kD protein was recognized by anti-H+-ATPase antibodies against an isoform of Arabidopsis thaliana and was phosphorylated on the penultimate Thr in response to a fungal toxin fusicoccin and light in protonemata, indicating that the 95-kD protein contains pT H+-ATPase. Furthermore, we could not detect the pT H+-ATPase in the charophyte alga Chara braunii, which is the closest relative of the land plants, by immunological methods. These results strongly suggest the pT H+-ATPase most likely appeared for the first time in bryophyte.
Temperature-Sensitive Neuromuscular Transmission in Kv1.1 Null Mice: Role of Potassium Channels under the Myelin Sheath in Young Nerves

In mammalian myelinated nerves, the internodal axon that is normally concealed by the myelin sheath expresses a rich repertoire of K channel subtypes thought to be important in modulating action potential propagation. The function of myelin-covered K channels at transition zones, however, has remained unexplored. Here we show that deleting the voltage-sensitive potassium channel Kv1.1 from mice confers a marked temperature-sensitivity to neuromuscular transmission in postnatal day 14 (P14)–P21 mice. Using immunofluorescence and electrophysiology, we examined contributions of four regions of the peripheral nervous system to the mutant phenotype: the nerve trunk, the myelinated segment preceding the terminal, the presynaptic terminal membrane itself, and the muscle. We conclude that the temperature-sensitive neuromuscular transmission is accounted for solely by a deficiency in Kv1.1 normally concealed in the myelinated segments just preceding the terminal. This paper demonstrates that under certain situations of physiological stress, the functional role of myelin-covered K channels is dramatically enhanced as the transition zone at the neuromuscular junction is approached.
Overt and relational victimization and adolescent friendships: Selection, de-selection, and social influence

This study examined friendship selection and social influence in overt and relational victimization during middle school (N = 504; 12–14 years) using longitudinal social network analysis. Relational victimization was related to undesirability as a friend (i.e., receiving fewer friendship nominations from peers) and to selecting friends who experienced similar levels of relational victimization. Overt victimization was related to being less active in nominating peers as friends and showed maintenance of friendship ties in one friendship network, but termination or de-selection of friendships in another. Social influence was observed for both forms of victimization. The findings provide evidence for both friendship selection and social influence in victimization, suggest that victimized youth may have friendship difficulties, and underline the need to consider overt and relational victimization separately to understand the development of victimization.
The art of history-taking in a headache patient

Headache is a common complaint that makes up for approximately 25% of any neurologists outpatient practice. Yet, it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Ninety percent of headaches seen in practice are due to a primary headache disorder where there are no confirmatory tests, and neuroimaging studies, if done, are normal. In this situation, a good headache history allows the physician to recognize a pattern that in turn leads to the correct diagnosis. A comprehensive history needs time, interest, focus and establishment of rapport with the patient. When to ask what question to elicit which information, is an art that is acquired by practice and improves with experience. This review discusses the art of history-taking in headache patients across different settings. The nuances of headache history-taking are discussed in detail, particularly the questions related to the time, severity, location and frequency of the headache syndrome in general and the episode in particular. An emphasis is made on the recognition of red flags that help in the identification of secondary headaches.
Reducing users' perceived mental effort due to interruptive notifications in multi-device mobile environments

In today's ubiquitous computing environment where users carry, manipulate, and interact with an increasing number of networked devices, applications and web services, human attention is the new bottleneck in computing. It is therefore important to minimize a user's mental effort due to notifications, especially in situations where users are mobile and using multiple wearable and mobile devices. To this end, we propose Attelia II, a novel middleware that identifies breakpoints in users' lives while using those devices, and delivers notifications at these moments. Attelia II works in real-time and uses only the mobile and wearable devices that users naturally use and wear, without any modifications to applications, and without any dedicated psycho-physiological sensors. Our in-the-wild evaluation in users' multi-device environment (smart phones and smart watches) with 41 participants for 1 month validated the effectiveness of Attelia. Our new physical activity-based breakpoint detection, in addition to the UI Event-based breakpoint detection, resulted in a 71.8% greater reduction of users' perception of workload, compared with our previous system that used UI events only. Adding this functionality to a smart watch reduced workload perception by 19.4% compared to random timing of notification deliveries. Our multi-device breakpoint detection across smart phones and watches resulted in about 3 times greater reduction in workload perception than our previous system.
Commodification of social life

Commodification of social life, i.e., extension of the number of goods and services which become commodities and can be sold on the market, is one of the main characteristics of post-communist transformation and modernisation in Poland. The rules of commodification are unclear and ambiguous, however, and this in turn blurs the boundaries between various subsystems of society, produces a low-key equilibrium between the deficient market, inefficient democracy and private networks and is the source of many tensions and pathologies. It also disintegrates society's cognitive and normative system and weakening the social legitimisation of the new order.
Direct Visuo-Haptic 4D Volume Rendering Using Respiratory Motion Models

This article presents methods for direct visuo-haptic 4D volume rendering of virtual patient models under respiratory motion. Breathing models are computed based on patient-specific 4D CT image data sequences. Virtual patient models are visualized in real-time by ray casting based rendering of a reference CT image warped by a time-variant displacement field, which is computed using the motion models at run-time. Furthermore, haptic interaction with the animated virtual patient models is provided by using the displacements computed at high rendering rates to translate the position of the haptic device into the space of the reference CT image. This concept is applied to virtual palpation and the haptic simulation of insertion of a virtual bendable needle. To this aim, different motion models that are applicable in real-time are presented and the methods are integrated into a needle puncture training simulation framework, which can be used for simulated biopsy or vessel puncture in the liver. To confirm real-time applicability, a performance analysis of the resulting framework is given. It is shown that the presented methods achieve mean update rates around 2,000 Hz for haptic simulation and interactive frame rates for volume rendering and thus are well suited for visuo-haptic rendering of virtual patients under respiratory motion.