Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weak Index Pairs and the Conley Index for Discrete Multivalued Dynamical Systems. Part II: Properties of the Index

Motivation to revisit the Conley index theory for discrete multivalued dynamical systems stems from the needs of broader real applications, in particular in sampled dynamics or in combinatorial dynamics. The new construction of the index in [B. Batko and M. Mrozek, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. , 15 (2016), pp. 1143--1162] based on weak index pairs, under the circumstances of the absence of index pairs caused by relaxing the isolation property, seems to be a promising step toward this direction. The present paper is a direct continuation of [B. Batko and M. Mrozek, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. , 15 (2016), pp. 1143--1162] and concerns properties of the index defined therin, namely, the Wazewski property, the additivity property, the homotopy (continuation) property, and the commutativity property. We also present the construction of weak index pairs in an isolating block.
Resistant against power analysis for a fast parallel high-radix RSA algorithm

In this paper, an improved architecture for RSA coprocessor against power analysis was proposed, and power analysis (PA) for RSA coprocessor is studied in details. Firstly, the shadow technology was introduced into the RSA algorithm in order to increase the difficulty for differential power analysis (DPA) attack theoretically, secondly, there are not exist intermediate variable during the operation of the RSA algorithm, which could prevent the attacks from the simple power analysis (SPA), thirdly, a parallel architecture of RSA coprocessor was used to speed the RSA operation with three level pipelines. And theoretic analyses are given for the correctness of RSA-Shadow algorithm and the effectiveness against power analysis. The analyzed result showed that it would take about 498ms to encrypt 1024 bits plaintext under 5Mhz. Compared with previous works, our proposed architecture can decrease 21% clock counts, and its security was better greatly with a little cost, which would be meaningful for the physical security of a common crypto-system.
How to Plan and Run Summer Computing Camps: Logistics (Abstract Only)

This workshop will provide details on how to plan and run non-residential computing summer camps for 4th -- 12th grade students. Georgia Tech has been offering computing summer camps since 2004. These camps are financially self-sustaining and effective. Items used in past camps include: CS Unplugged, LightBot, Scratch, Alice, LEGO robots (WeDo, NXT, EV3, and Tetrix), EarSketch, and App Inventor. Georgia Tech helped start or expand other computing camps at eleven other colleges and universities in Georgia from 2007 to 2010 as part of Georgia Computes! This last year as part of the Expanding Computing Education Pathways (ECEP) NSF grant we have also helped institutions start or expand summer computing camps in South Carolina, Massachusetts, and California. The workshop will distribute a link to forms, a timeline, sample agendas, sample flyers, budget plans, a planning checklist, suggested projects, surveys, pre and post-tests, evaluation results, lessons learned, and more. Laptops Recommended
Prevention of Diabetes in Family Medicine

Conflict of interest: none declared. Introduction The incidence of diabetes type 2 (diabetes mellitus type 2 – DM 2) is rapidly increasing worldwide. Physical inactivity and obesity are the major determinants of the disease. Primary prevention of DM 2 entails health monitoring of people at risk category. People with impaired glycemic control are at high risk for development of DM 2 and enter the intensive supervision program for primary and secondary prevention. Objective of the research To evaluate the impact of metformin and lifestyle modification on glycemia and obesity in patients with prediabetes. Patients and Methods The study was conducted on three groups of 20 patients each (total of 60 patients) aged from 45 to 80, with an abnormal glycoregulation and prediabetes. The study did not include patients who already met the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes. During the study period of 6 months, one group was extensively educated on changing lifestyle (healthy nutrition and increased physical activity), the second group was treated with 500 mg metformin twice a day, while the control group was advised about diet and physical activities but different from the first two groups. At beginning of the study, all patients were measured initial levels of blood glucose, HbA1C, BMI (Body Mass Index), body weight and height and waist size. Also the same measurements were taken at the end of the conducted research, 6 months later. For the assessment of diabetes control was conducted fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test and 2 hours after a glucose load, and HbA1C. Results At the beginning of the study the average HbA1C (%) values in three different groups according to the type of intervention (lifestyle changes, metformin, control group) were as follows: (6.4 ± 0.5 mmol / l), (6.5 ± 1.2 mmol / l), (6.7 ± 0.5 mmol / l). At the end of the research, the average HbA1C values were: 6.2 ± 0.3 mmol / l, 6.33 ± 0.5 mmol / l and 6.7 ± 1.4 mmol / l. In the group of patients who received intensive training on changing lifestyle or group that was treated with metformin, the average reduction in blood glucose and HbA1C remained within the reference range and there were no criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes. Unlike the control group, a group that was well educated on changing habits decreased average body weight by 4.25 kg, BMI by 1.3 and waist size by 2.5 cm. Metformin therapy led to a reduction in the average weight of 3.83 kg, BMI of 1.33 and 3.27 for waist size. Changing lifestyle (healthy diet and increased physical activity) has led to a reduction in total body weight in 60% of patients, BMI in 65% of patients, whereas metformin therapy led to a reduction of the total body weight in 50%, BMI in 45% of patients. In the control group, the overall reduction in body weight was observed in 25%, and BMI in 15% of patients. Conclusion Modification of lifestyle, such as diet and increased physical activity or use of metformin may improve glycemic regulation, reduce obesity and prevent or delay the onset of developing DM 2.
Review of the pharmacoeconomics of early treatment of multiple sclerosis using interferon beta

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease with increasing incidence and prevalence. Onset of disease is most frequently in young adulthood when productivity is usually highest; it is of chronic nature and, in the majority of patients, it will result in accumulation of disability. Due to loss of productivity in patients and caregivers as well as high expenses for medical treatment, MS is considered a disease with high economic burden for patients and society. Several drugs have been approved for treatment of MS. While treatment ameliorates the course of the disease, it is very costly; therefore, pharmacoeconomics, evaluating costs and effects of disease-modifying treatment in MS, has become an important issue. Here, we review the economic impact and treatment strategies of MS and discuss recent studies on pharmacoeconomics of early treatment with interferon beta.
Coordinating Multiple Robots with Kinodynamic Constraints Along Specified Paths

This paper focuses on the collision-free coordination of multiple robots with kinodynamic constraints along specified paths. We present an approach to generate continuous velocity profiles for multiple robots; these velocity profiles satisfy the dynamics constraints, avoid collisions, and minimize the completion time. The approach, which combines techniques from optimal control and mathematical programming, consists of identifying collision segments along each robot’s path, and then optimizing the robots’ velocities along the collision and collision-free segments. First, for each path segment for each robot, the minimum and maximum possible traversal times that satisfy the dynamics constraints are computed by solving the corresponding two-point boundary value problems. The collision avoidance constraints for pairs of robots can then be combined to formulate a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. Since this nonconvex MINLP model is difficult to solve, we describe two related mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations, which provide schedules that give lower and upper bounds on the optimum; the upper bound schedule is designed to provide continuous velocity trajectories that are feasible. The approach is illustrated with coordination of multiple robots, modeled as double integrators subject to velocity and acceleration constraints. An application to coordination of nonholonomic car-like robots is described, along with implementation results for 12 robots.
Percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: A suitability study

Objectives Percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy is an emerging therapy for acute deep vein thrombosis and may reduce long-term incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome. This study investigates the proportion of patients presenting with lower limb deep vein thrombosis who are potentially suitable for percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy. Methods A retrospective review of all duplex ultrasound scans for lower limb deep vein thrombosis over two-year period at a regional vascular unit was conducted. All acute occlusive iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis were screened for percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy suitability according to predefined criteria. Results There were 2513 duplex ultrasound scans for suspected lower limb deep vein thrombosis in the two-year period. There were 120 cases of acute occlusive iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria 48 out of 120 (40%) patients were identified as potential candidates for percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy. Conclusions This indicates that a large randomised trial of percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy is feasible given expected recruitment rates in a multicentre study.
ECOLOGICAL GENETICS OF A MOSAIC HYBRID ZONE: MITOCHONDRIAL, NUCLEAR, AND REPRODUCTIVE DIFFERENTIATION OF CRICKETS BY SOIL TYPE

We investigated the effects that habitat variation has on the structure and dynamics of a hybrid zone between two closely related crickets in Connecticut. A collecting protocol was developed in which crickets were sampled from characteristic habitats on either side of the hybrid zone and from two distinct habitat types within the zone. Presumptive pure Gryllus pennsylvanicus were sampled from fields in northwestern Connecticut and represent “inland” populations. “Pure” Gryllus firmus were sampled from beaches along the coast and represent the “coastal” populations. Crickets from within the hybrid zone were sampled from two different soil types: the “loam” populations from loamy soils and the “sand” populations from sandy soils. Moreover, an attempt was made to identify closely adjacent sand and loam localities to determine the scale of habitat variation and its possible effects on hybrid‐zone structure. In general, there was little variation in morphological traits or in allozyme and mtDNA genotype frequencies among localities from within each of the four habitat types. Between each of the closely situated sand and loam localities within the hybrid zone, however, there were very significant differences in each of these sets of markers. In addition, crickets from hybrid‐zone populations were tested for reproductive isolation. The asymmetric outcome of hybrid crosses that exists across the zone (Harrison, 1983) also exists on a finer ecological scale within the zone. Thus, this hybrid zone is a mosaic of strikingly differentiated populations. The dynamics of hybrid zones with mosaic structures are discussed in contrast to the traditional clinal models. The data are also discussed in light of the semipermeable nature of species boundaries. The extent to which a species boundary is permeable varies not only from one genetic marker to the next, but also with the ecological and geographic context of species interaction.
Efficient performance evaluation for generalized selection combining on generalized fading channels

The authors propose an efficient moment generating function (MGF)-based method to evaluate the performance of generalized selection combining (GSC) over different fading channels. Employing a recently proposed method which is, however, only applicable to GSC diversity with independent and identically distributed branches, they derive a general MGF expression for the GSC output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for generalized fading channels, where the channel statistics in different diversity branches may be nonidentical or even distributed according to different distribution families. The resulting MGF expression is applicable to the analysis of the error probability, the outage probability, and the SNR statistics for GSC in a number of wireless communications scenarios with generalized fading. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of the new analysis.
Scoring Systems for the Functional Assessment of the Shoulder

In the specialty of orthopedic surgery, most conditions impact tremendously on patients' quality of life but not on the length of their life. Therefore, it only makes sense to consider the measurement of health-related quality of life when assessing the relative efficacies of the treatments that are available. Traditional objective measures of patient outcome have included range of motion, strength, and radiographic variables. These measures are usually very poor indicators of the functional and psychological aspects of patient health. Subjective measures of quality of life, when rigorously developed, have been found to be more reliable and valid. Additionally, it has been found that older instruments reflect the fact that they were developed at a time when little information was available on the appropriate methodology for instrument development. However, it is clear that much progress has been made in the area of orthopedic surgery, and currently there is an appropriate instrument for each of the main conditions of the shoulder. Investigators planning clinical trials should select one of the modern instruments developed with appropriate patient input for item generation and reduction, established validity, and reliability. All things being equal, the most responsive instrument available should be used to minimize the sample size for the proposed study. The shoulder instruments reviewed in this article include the Rating Sheet for Bankart Repair (Rowe); ASES Shoulder Evaluation Form; UCLA Shoulder Score; The Constant Score; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Outcome Measure; the Shoulder Rating Questionnaire; the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS); the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC); the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI); and the Rotator Cuff Quality of Life (RC-QOL).
A Tale of Two Curriculums: Putting the English and Norwegian curriculum models to the test of the 'high skills' vision

In the light of a shared discourse around the pursuit of a high-skill, knowledge-driven economy, this article compares the different policy approaches towards the curriculum (and more broadly education) across two national contexts, namely Norway and England and Wales. An attempt is then made to weigh the relative discrepancy between high-flown policy rhetoric and curriculum reality by asking which approach might be said to be more consistent with the professed 'high skills' policy vision. Three central areas of difference are highlighted: (1) the vision of education and its degree of subordination to economic priorities; (2) conceptions of what it means to create a skilled 'worker-citizen'; and (3) the level of trust vested in the teaching profession as genuine co-partners in a national project of curriculum reform and modernisation. The article concludes by asking what UK policy makers might conceivably 'learn' from the Norwegian example.
A Generative Model of Vector Space Semantics

We present a novel compositional, generative model for vector space representations of meaning. This model reformulates earlier tensor-based approaches to vector space semantics as a top-down process, and provides efficient algorithms for transformation from natural language to vectors and from vectors to natural language. We describe procedures for estimating the parameters of the model from positive examples of similar phrases, and from distributional representations, then use these procedures to obtain similarity judgments for a set of adjective-noun pairs. The model’s estimation of the similarity of these pairs correlates well with human annotations, demonstrating a substantial improvement over several existing compositional approaches in both settings.
Complex Corpus Annotation: The Prague Dependency Treebank

The Prague Dependency Treebank (Haji č et al., 2001) is approaching the publication of its second version in which the tectogrammatical annotation is being added to the morphological and analytical (surface-syntactic) one. In this article, the Prague Dependency Treebank as a whole is being described, including its brief history. In this volume, there are three more papers with a detailed account of some of the most recently tackled phenomena occurring at the tectogrammatical level of annotation (Panevová and Lopatková, 2004, Cinková and Kolá ř ová, 2004, and Urešová, 2004)
Treatment of septic arthritis due to Mycobacterium kansasii.

confusional states (J Dougall, personal communication). Chest complications were said to have been avoided by the use of spinal anaesthesia. Urbach et al found a similar incidence of postoperative chest complications when patients were randomly allocated to spinal or general anaesthesia.1 Bronchopneumonia was the most common recorded cause of death in the first month after spinal anaesthesia in patients with fractured hips in our studies.2 3 Professor Sikorski and colleagues also comment on the advantages of spinal anaesthesia in total hip replacement. These advantages cannot be assumed to apply to the patient with hip fracture, and, furthermore, some of the evidence quoted is for epidural, not spinal (subarachnoid), anaesthesia. Specifically, in contrast with the findings in hip replacement surgery, spinal anaesthesia is not associated with reduced blood loss in patients with hip fracture. ' Lower mortality has been shown with spinal anaesthesia than with general anaesthesia in the patient with hip fracture,-4 but this effect is transient, and, as our studies have shown, long term mortality and other indices of outcome are identical with both techniques. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis assessed by venography is, however, significantly lower in the spinal anaesthetic group,5 and the reduction in early postoperative mortality in the spinal group is probably due to a reduction in thromboembolism. While a useful technique, spinal anaesthesia is potentially dangerous in the hands of inexperienced anaesthetists and for inappropriate patients and is particularly hazardous in the presence of hypovolaemia, common in the elderly patient with a fractured hip. The evidence is now convincing that it does not have any major intrinsic superiority over general anaesthesia for the repair of fractured neck of femur, and it is important that the misconceptions mentioned are corrected.
The Role of Working Memory in Levels of Situation Awareness

Situation awareness (SA) brings together theories in cognition to examine what an operator perceives, understands and predicts about their environment. Previous characterization of working memory (WM) influence in levels of awareness however is sparse and has several shortcomings, including how both WM and SA have been measured. In the current experiment, a factor analytic approach to WM was adopted based on performance on three different WM tasks. These factor scores were then related to SA which was measured over two forms of scenarios in a complex dynamic decision-making task. In one scenario, Level 1 SA was assessed, and the other assessed Level 3 processes implicitly. Findings from 99 participants indicate WM was unrelated to Level 1, but was related to Level 3 SA with the relationship strengthening with increasing task experience. These results refine and contribute to ongoing theory in the context of SA and dynamic task performance, and provide future directives to individual differences research in human factors.
Providing a memory mechanism to enhance the evolutionary design of heuristics

Genetic programming approaches have previously been employed in the literature to evolve heuristics for various combinatorial optimisation problems. This paper presents a hyper-heuristic genetic programming methodology to evolve more sophisticated one dimensional bin packing heuristics than have been evolved previously. The heuristics have access to a memory, which allows them to make decisions with some knowledge of their potential future impact. In contrast to previously evolved heuristics for this problem, we show that these heuristics evolve to draw upon this memory in order to facilitate better planning, and improved packings. This fundamental difference enables an evolved heuristic to represent a dynamic packing strategy rather than a fixed packing strategy. A heuristic can change its behaviour depending on the characteristics of the pieces it has seen before, because it has evolved to draw upon its experience.
Global Identification and Characterization of Transcriptionally Active Regions in the Rice Genome

Genome tiling microarray studies have consistently documented rich transcriptional activity beyond the annotated genes. However, systematic characterization and transcriptional profiling of the putative novel transcripts on the genome scale are still lacking. We report here the identification of 25,352 and 27,744 transcriptionally active regions (TARs) not encoded by annotated exons in the rice (Oryza. sativa) subspecies japonica and indica, respectively. The non-exonic TARs account for approximately two thirds of the total TARs detected by tiling arrays and represent transcripts likely conserved between japonica and indica. Transcription of 21,018 (83%) japonica non-exonic TARs was verified through expression profiling in 10 tissue types using a re-array in which annotated genes and TARs were each represented by five independent probes. Subsequent analyses indicate that about 80% of the japonica TARs that were not assigned to annotated exons can be assigned to various putatively functional or structural elements of the rice genome, including splice variants, uncharacterized portions of incompletely annotated genes, antisense transcripts, duplicated gene fragments, and potential non-coding RNAs. These results provide a systematic characterization of non-exonic transcripts in rice and thus expand the current view of the complexity and dynamics of the rice transcriptome.