Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of fibrous tissue formation surrounding intraperitoneal and subcutaneous implantation of ALCAP, HA, and TCP ceramic devices.

It is well demonstrated in the literature that ceramic drug delivery systems are highly compatible and non-immunogenic. Recent studies in our laboratory have documented the need of an experiment comparing foreign body reactions of several different types of ceramics used for implantation and/or drug delivery. The specific objective of this study was to compare the subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) foreign body reactions and biocompatibility of the following implantable materials presently used in orthopedics: ALCAP (aluminum calcium phosphate), HA (hydroxyapatite), and TCP (tricalcium phosphate). The rats were divided into four groups: Group I consisted of 10 rats implanted with ALCAP i.p. and s.c. , Group II (n = 10) animals were implanted i.p. and s.c. with HA, Group III consisted of 10 rats implanted i.p. and s.c. with TCP, and Group IV consisted of 10 control animals that were housed under the same environmental conditions as the three experimental groups. At 90 days post-implantation, rats in all four groups were euthanized. The microscopic evaluation of the fibrous tissue surrounding i.p. and s.c. implants revealed the following: 1) all of the ceramic devices had varying degrees of fibrous capsule formation at the time of sacrifice, 2) the thickness of the fibrous tissue capsule was dependent on the type of ceramic used, and 3) the thickness of the fibrous tissue capsules around the subcutaneous devices differed remarkably from implants placed intraperitoneally. The data from this study indicates that capsule formation is dependent upon factors such as ceramic composition and surgical implantation site.
A Statistical Comparison of Java and Python Software Metric Properties

This paper presents a statistical analysis of 20 opensource object-oriented systems with the purpose of detecting differences in metrics distribution between Java and Python projects. We selected ten Java projects from the Java Qualitas Corpus and ten projects written in Python. For each system, we considered 10 class-level software metrics.We performed a best fit procedure on the empirical distributions through the log-normal distribution and the double Pareto distribution to identify differences between the two languages. Even though the statistical distributions for projects written in Java and Python may appear the same for lower values of the metric, performing the procedure with the double Pareto distribution for the Number of Local Methods metric reveals that major differences can be noticed along the queue of the distributions. On the contrary, the same analysis performed with the Number of Statements metric reveals that only the initial portion of the double Pareto distribution shows differences between the two languages. In addition, the dispersion parameter associated to the log-normal distribution fit for the total Number Of Methods can be used for distinguishing Java projects from Python projects.
The Clean Energy R&D Strategy for 2°C

This paper uses an integrated assessment model to quantify the climate R&D investment strategy for a variety of scenarios fully consistent with 2°C. We estimate the total climate R&D investment needs in approximately 1 USD Trillion (all monetary values in this paper are given in 2005 US dollars using market exchange rates) cumulatively in the period 2010–2030, and 1.6 USD Trillions in the period 2030–2050. Most of the R&D would be carried out in industrialized countries initially, but would be evenly split after 2030. We also assess a "climate R&D deal" in which countries cooperate on innovation (while innovation is a broad topic, in this paper, we will be referring to its R&D component) in the short term, and find that an R&D agreement slightly underperforms a climate policy based on the extension of the Copenhagen pledges till 2030. Both policies are inferior to full cooperation on mitigation starting in 2020. A global agreement on clean energy innovation beyond 2030 without sufficiently stringent GHG emissions reduction policies is found to be incompatible with 2°C.
Can Random Coin Flips Speed Up a Computer?

Random sampling relies on the law of large numbers. To see this, suppose 57% of the population supports Obama. Asking a random person whether they support Obama is the same as flipping a biased coin, which comes up “yes” 57% of the time and “no” 43% of the time. By the law of large numbers, the more people we ask, the smaller the error. Note that this argument doesn’t depend on the size of the population; the error would be the same regardless of the population of the United States.
Endothelin receptor antagonists inhibit endothelin in human skin microcirculation.

Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by endothelial cells, but its role in physiology and disease is uncertain. We investigated the influence of the endothelin-A-selective receptor antagonist PD 147953 and the nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist PD 145065 on the effects of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in the skin microcirculation of healthy volunteers, using laser Doppler flowmetry. A double injection model was developed, allowing simultaneous injection of two substances, ie, agonist and antagonist or saline. The injection of saline led to a well-defined vasodilation at the injection site (maximum increase, from 19 +/- 2 to 97 +/- 15 perfusion units at 6 minutes; P < .001; n = 10). Endothelin-1 (10(-12) mol) decreased blood flow (difference from saline control, -79 +/- 14 perfusion units; P < .001; n = 11) within the injection wheal (diameter, 4 to 5 mm), while endothelin-3 had no effect. In the surrounding area (at 8 mm from the injection site), both endothelin-1 (+116 +/- 32 perfusion units; P < .001; n = 11) and endothelin-3 (+59 +/- 16 perfusion units; P < .001; n = 11) markedly increased blood flow. Both endothelin receptor antagonists slightly increased blood flow (maximum difference from control, +56 +/- 18 [PD 147953] and +31 +/- 10 [PD 145065] perfusion units; P < .05; n = 8) and inhibited endothelin-1-induced (P < .01) vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction to norepinephrine was not affected by the endothelin antagonist PD 147953. Endothelin-1- and endothelin-3-induced vasodilation in the surrounding area were also inhibited by both endothelin antagonists or by lidocaine. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Octopamine and Experience-Dependent Modulation of Aggression in Crickets

Intraspecific aggression is influenced in numerous animal groups by the previous behavioral experiences of the competitors. The underlying mechanisms are, however, mostly obscure. We present evidence that a form of experience-dependent plasticity of aggression in crickets is mediated by octopamine, the invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline. In a forced-fight paradigm, the experience of flying maximized the aggressiveness of crickets at their first encounter and accelerated the subsequent recovery of aggressiveness of the normally submissive losers, without enhancing general excitability as evaluated from the animals' startle responses to wind stimulation. This effect is transitory and concurrent with the activation of the octopaminergic system that accompanies flight. Hemocoel injections of the octopamine agonist chlordimeform (CDM) had similar effects on aggression but also enhanced startle responses. Serotonin depletion, achieved using α-methyl-tryptophan, enhanced startle responses without influencing aggression, indicating that the effect of CDM on aggression is not attributable to increased general excitation. Contrasting this, aggressiveness was depressed, and the effect of flying was essentially abolished, in crickets depleted of octopamine and dopamine using α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMT). CDM restored aggressiveness in AMT-treated crickets, indicating that their depressed aggressiveness is attributable to octopamine depletion rather than to dopamine depletion or nonspecific defects. Finally, the flight effect was blocked in crickets treated with the octopamine receptor antagonist epinastine, or with the α-adrenoceptor and octopamine receptor antagonist phentolamine, but not with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. The idea that activity-specific induction of the octopaminergic system underlies other forms of experience-dependent plasticity of aggressive motivation in insects is discussed.
Smart Money, Dumb Money, and Learning Type from Price

We present a simple model of smart money and dumb money. Dumb money tries to learn from market prices whether or not it is dumb. Dumb money's ability to learn depends on its openness to the idea that it may be the dumb money and on its ability to assess the total amount of dumb money in the market. Neither requirement may be met easily in the real world.
The mural nodule in cavitary opportunistic pulmonary aspergillosis.

A common radiographic feature of opportunistic pulmonary aspergillosis is a rounded, cavitary lesion with a nodule projecting into it. This appearance has been given a variety of names, including "air crescent," "meniscus," "target," "bull's-eye," and "peninsula. " These signs merely represent different radiographic projections of the cavitary lesion and mural nodule. Similar lesions may also be encountered in other conditions.
Theoretical presentation of permeability of biological tissues

In the last two decades, several studies have been made by many researchers on the electrical properties of the biological tissues. These electrical properties include conductivity, permittivity and permeability. But most of the studies have discussed only about the conductivity and permittivity. Similarly R Pethig(1987) had stated in his paper that most biological materials have permeability close to that of free space [2]. The interpretation of these studies is very essential for many applications such as medical imaging, radiological treatments etc [1]. In this paper an attempt is made to prove the statement given by R Pethig. From the literature, it has been known that the biological media are a lossy dielectric such that the wave velocity of electromagnetic waves propagating in lossy dielectric is considered to derive the equation for the permeability for the biological tissues. The analysis has been carried out for about 50 tissues on a Microsoft excel spreadsheet. The parameters of only 5 tissues have been presented here. In this paper, to calculate the values of permeability of the biological tissues the conductivity and permittivity of corresponding tissues are taken from the work done by D. Andreuccetti, R. Fossi and C. Petrucci[5]. Here the electromagnetic waves within the frequency range of 10 Hz to 100 GHz are considered. The interpretations of these electrical properties have to be done in the further course of work.
Effects of dietary taurine on egg production, egg quality and cholesterol levels in Japanese quail.

BACKGROUND Taurine is a semi-essential amino acid and has many biological properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with taurine on egg production, egg quality, and cholesterol level in serum and egg yolk of quails. A total of 108 quails aged 6 weeks were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replicates of nine quails. The diets were supplemented with 0, 100, and 500 mg kg(-1) of taurine for 8 weeks. RESULTS Dietary 500 mg kg(-1) taurine significantly affected egg production rate and feed conversion ratio, but had no significant effects on body weight gain, feed consumption, or egg weight. Dietary taurine had no significant effect on egg quality parameters studied. Serum triglyceride concentration was reduced significantly with supplementation of taurine at 100 and 500 mg kg(-1). Egg yolk cholesterol content was reduced significantly, and the contents of serum taurine and egg yolk taurine were increased significantly with taurine supplementation at 500 mg kg(-1). CONCLUSION Results of the present study indicated that adding 500 mg kg(-1) taurine reduced yolk cholesterol concentration and increased yolk taurine content without adverse effects on performance and egg quality of laying quails.
Towards a group recommender process model for ad-hoc groups and on-demand recommendations

Movie recommender systems simplify the movie selection by providing movie suggestions based on the respective user's personal taste. Most of the current systems address individual users, support stationary use, and require pre-configuration. In this paper we present an approach for group recommendations for movies based on a novel group recommender process model for ad-hoc groups with on-demand recommendations.
Rainfall characteristics of recurving tropical cyclones over the Western North Pacific

AbstractA dataset of 88 recurving western North Pacific tropical cyclones from 2004 to 2015 is investigated for rainfall characteristics during their period of recurvature. The TCs are categorized into two groups based on different large-scale patterns from empirical orthogonal function analysis. Group 1 is characterized by an intense midlatitude baroclinic zone and close distance between the zone and TC, while Group 2 is characterized by a weaker midlatitude baroclinic zone and more remote distance between the zone and TC at the time of recurvature. The results show the large-scale environment has substantial impact on TC rainfall patterns. In Group 1, as the TC approaches and is embedded into the baroclinic zone, a relatively strong interaction between the TC and midlatitudes occurs, which is reflected by a rapid increase of environmental vertical wind shear and TC translation speed, the alignment of the shear vector and motion vector, and a sharp contrast of temperature and moisture. Higher rainfall an.
Temperature Response of Isoprene Emission in Vivo Reflects a Combined Effect of Substrate Limitations and Isoprene Synthase Activity: A Kinetic Analysis1

The responses of isoprene emission rate to temperature are characterized by complex time-dependent behaviors that are currently not entirely understood. To gain insight into the temperature dependencies of isoprene emission, we studied steady-state and transient responses of isoprene emission from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) leaves using a fast-response gas-exchange system coupled to a proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer. A method based on postillumination isoprene release after rapid temperature transients was developed to determine the rate constant of isoprene synthase (IspS), the pool size of its substrate dimethylallyldiphosphate (DMADP), and to separate the component processes of the temperature dependence of isoprene emission. Temperature transients indicated that over the temperature range 25°C to 45°C, IspS was thermally stable and operated in the linear range of its substrate DMADP concentration. The in vivo rate constant of IspS obeyed the Arrhenius law, with an activation energy of 42.8 kJ mol−1. In contrast, steady-state isoprene emission had a significantly lower temperature optimum than IspS and higher activation energy. The reversible temperature-dependent decrease in the rate of isoprene emission between 35°C and 44°C was caused by decreases in DMADP concentration, possibly reflecting reduced pools of energetic metabolites generated in photosynthesis, particularly of ATP. Strong control of isoprene temperature responses by the DMADP pool implies that transient temperature responses under fluctuating conditions in the field are driven by initial DMADP pool size as well as temperature-dependent modifications in DMADP pool size during temperature transients. These results have important implications for the development of process-based models of isoprene emission.
A comparison of random walks in dependent random environments

Abstract We provide exact computations for the drift of random walks in dependent random environments, including k-dependent and moving average environments. We show how the drift can be characterized and evaluated using Perron–Frobenius theory. Comparing random walks in various dependent environments, we demonstrate that their drifts can exhibit interesting behavior that depends significantly on the dependency structure of the random environment.
Prospective study of nut consumption, long-term weight change, and obesity risk in women.

BACKGROUND Data concerning the long-term association between nut consumption and weight change in a free-living population are sparse. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the relation between nut consumption and long-term weight change. DESIGN The participants were 51,188 women in the Nurses' Health Study II aged 20-45 y, who had no cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or cancer. We prospectively evaluated the dietary intake of nuts and subsequent weight changes from 1991 to 1999. RESULTS Women who reported eating nuts > or =2 times/wk had slightly less mean (+/- SE) weight gain (5.04 +/- 0.12 kg) than did women who rarely ate nuts (5.55 +/- 0.04 kg) (P for trend < 0.001). For the same comparison, when total nut consumption was subdivided into peanuts and tree nuts, the results were similar (ie, less weight gain in women eating either peanuts or tree nuts > or =2 times/wk). The results were similar in normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants. In multivariate analyses in which lifestyle and other dietary factors were controlled for, we found that greater nut consumption (> or =2 times/wk compared with never/almost never) was associated with a slightly lower risk of obesity (hazard ratio: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.57, 1.02; P for trend = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Higher nut consumption was not associated with greater body weight gain during 8 y of follow-up in healthy middle-aged women. Instead, it was associated with a slightly lower risk of weight gain and obesity. The results of this study suggest that incorporating nuts into diets does not lead to greater weight gain and may help weight control.
Switched reluctance and permanent magnet brushless motors in highly dynamic situations: A comparison in the context of electric brakes

Vehicular brake systems with electro-mechanical brakes (EMBs) are emerging as a way to enhance system features and performance. Of particular interest in this context is the EMB actuator motor, which needs to be designed to meet the dynamic brake system performance requirements. Two motors with fundamentally different operating principles, a switched reluctance (SR) motor and a permanent magnet (PM) brushless motor, were designed, built, and evaluated in an identical EMB actuator environment. This paper compares their design and performance. Experimental as well as simulation results demonstrate that the upper motor speed limit has a significant effect on the overall dynamic performance of the EMB system. The high-speed capability of the switched reluctance motor, which may be considered an advantage, can actually be a detriment when highly dynamic response patterns are required. In order to improve the dynamic performance of the SR system, a solution with a software-based speed limit for the motor is suggested. The resulting design trade-offs to choose the motor speed limit can be addressed with a graphical approach developed in the paper
Mechanized Proofs for a Recursive Authentication Protocol 1

A novel protocol has been formally analyzed using the prover Isabelle/HOL, following the inductive approach described in earlier work [11]. There is no limit on the length of a run, the nesting of messages or the number of agents involved. A single run of the protocol delivers session keys for all the agents, allowing neighbours to perform mutual authentication. The basic security theorem states that session keys are correctly delivered to adjacent pairs of honest agents, regardless of whether other agents in the chain are compromised. The protocol's complexity caused some di culties in the speci cation and proofs, but its symmetry reduced the number of theorems to prove. CONTENTS i
Urine and kidney cytokine profiles in experimental unilateral acute and chronic hydronephrosis

Abstract Objective. In search of potential urinary biomarkers of obstructive nephropathy, this study examined whether a potential change in the concentration of urinary cytokines [interferon-γ(IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] reliably reflects changes in renal parenchymal levels of the same cytokines following the release of acute and chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction, respectively. Material and methods. Acute obstruction was performed in 12 adult rats. After 48 h, six rats were used for selective urine collection and six rats had their kidneys removed and dissected into inner medulla and cortex. Chronic obstruction was performed in newborn rats. After 10 weeks, a similar set-up to that of the acute study was implemented. Sham-operated rats were prepared in parallel. Urine and tissue cytokines were measured with a bead-based multiplex sandwich immunoassay and analysed on a Luminex 100 IS instrument. Results. In the acute study, there were significantly increased concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 in inner medulla and in urine from the obstructed kidney, significantly increased concentrations of TNF-α in urine from the obstructed kidney and, importantly, significantly increased levels of IL-10 in cortex and in urine from the non-obstructed kidney. In the chronic study, there were similar changes in IL-1β and IL-6 (not significant) but no changes in TNF-α and IL-10. Conclusions. This study showed that inflammatory cytokines can be detected both in renal parenchyma and in urine from rats with experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction. Further studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in urine.
Introduction to the Activity Tracking Paradigm in Component-Based Simulation

Dynamic systems are studied and modeled through the description of state changes (or trajectories). State changes over time constitute the activity of a dynamic system. In a component-based simulation, state changes depend on both computations and exchanges of information. In this paper, the activity tracking paradigm is introduced as a guide for modeling dynamic systems and developing corresponding efficient component-based simulations. Mechanisms and struc- tures to track and describe activity through information are informally and formally introduced.