Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separability of Lexical and Morphological Knowledge: Evidence from Language Minority Children

Lexical and morphological knowledge of school-aged children are correlated with each other, and are often difficult to distinguish. One reason for this might be that many tasks currently used to assess morphological knowledge require children to inflect or derive real words in the language, thus recruiting their vocabulary knowledge. The current study investigated the possible separability of lexical and morphological knowledge using two complementary approaches. First, we examined the correlations between vocabulary and four morphological tasks tapping different aspects of morphological processing and awareness, and using either real-word or pseudo-word stimuli. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that different morphological tasks recruit lexical knowledge to various degrees. Second, we compared the Hebrew vocabulary and morphological knowledge of 5th grade language minority speaking children to that of their native speaking peers. This comparison allows us to ask whether reduced exposure to the societal language might differentially influence vocabulary and morphological knowledge. The results demonstrate that indeed different morphological tasks rely on lexical knowledge to varying degrees. In addition, language minority students had significantly lower performance in vocabulary and in morphological tasks that recruited vocabulary knowledge to a greater extent. In contrast, both groups performed similarly in abstract morphological tasks with a lower vocabulary load. These results demonstrate that lexical and morphological knowledge may rely on partially separable learning mechanisms, and highlight the importance of distinguishing between these two linguistic components.
Single-Pole Eight-Throw RF MEMS Rotary Switch

The design, fabrication, and measured performance of a novel single-pole eight-throw radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) rotary switch are described. The concept of this rotary switch is based on the adaptation of the axial gap wobble motor. A prototype switch has been made using separately fabricated stator, rotor, and cap components that are then assembled. A rigorous procedure was setup to investigate the direct current (dc) contact resistance over a total of four million rotor contact closures, with half a million closures made on each of the eight stator contacts. It was found that there was no obvious systematic trend in contact resistance over time. An average contact resistance of 2.5 Omega was recorded; however, values as low as 1.0 Omega were also found. The assembled rotary switch demonstrated an excellent RF performance. With the inclusion of feed lines, the insertion loss was 2.65 dB at 20 GHz, after renormalizing the measurement reference impedance. When the loss of the feed lines is subtracted, the worst-case on-state intrinsic insertion loss of the rotary switch is only 2.16 dB at 20 GHz. A worst-case off-state isolation of 31 dB was also measured over the 20-GHz bandwidth. The effective performance figure-of-merit for this switch in an arbitrary position was calculated to be 10.7 THz. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first example of a true single-pole multiple-throw RF MEMS rotary switch
4-Hydroxynonenal Contributes to Angiogenesis through a Redox-Dependent Sphingolipid Pathway: Prevention by Hydralazine Derivatives

The neovascularization of atherosclerotic lesions is involved in plaque development and may contribute to intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque fragilization and rupture. Among the various proangiogenic agents involved in the neovascularization process, proatherogenic oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) contribute to the formation of tubes via the generation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a major mitogenic and proangiogenic sphingolipid mediator. In this study, we investigated whether 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), an aldehydic lipid oxidation product abundantly present in oxLDLs, contributes to their proangiogenic properties. Immunofluorescence analysis of human atherosclerotic lesions from carotid endarterectomy showed the colocalization of HNE-adducts with CD31, a marker of endothelial cells, suggesting a close relationship between 4-HNE and neovessel formation. In vitro, low 4-HNE concentration (0.5–1 µM) elicited the formation of tubes by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), whereas higher concentrations were not angiogenic. The formation of tubes by 4-HNE involved the generation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of the sphingolipid pathway, namely, the neutral type 2 sphingomyelinase and sphingosine kinase-1 (nSMase2/SK-1) pathway, indicating a role for S1P in the angiogenic signaling of 4-HNE. Carbonyl scavengers hydralazine and bisvanillyl-hydralazone inhibited the nSMase2/SK1 pathway activation and the formation of tubes on Matrigel® evoked by 4-HNE. Altogether, these results emphasize the role of 4-HNE in the angiogenic effect of oxLDLs and point out the potential interest of pharmacological carbonyl scavengers to prevent the neovascularization process.
Adaptive sliding mode control strategy design for DSP-based maglev driving and control system

This paper investigates the robust tracking control problem for a bipolar electromagnetic-levitation precise-position system. The dynamic model of the precise-position device is derived by conducting a thorough analysis on the nonlinear electromagnetic forces. Conventional sliding mode control strategy is developed to guarantee asymptotic tracking capabilities of the closed-loop system. A lumped uncertainty estimator is proposed to estimate the system uncertainties. The estimated information is then used to construct a smooth uniformly ultimately bounded sliding mode control. Experiment results are presented, using a real time digital-signal-processor (DSP) based electromagnetic-levitation system to validate the analysis.
Compensatory seeding in networks with varying avaliability of nodes

Diffusion of information in social networks takes more and more attention from marketers. New methods and algorithms are constantly developed towards maximizing reach of the campaigns and increasing their effectiveness. One of the important research directions in this area is related to selecting initial nodes of the campaign to result with maximizing its effects represented as total number of infections. To achieve this goal, several strategies were developed and they are based on different network measures and other characteristics of users. The problem is that most of these strategies base on static network properties while typical online networks change over time and are sensitive to varying activity of users. In this work a novel strategy is proposed which is based on multiple measures with additional parameters related to nodes availability in time periods prior to the campaign. Presented results show that it is possible to compensate users with high network measures by others having high frequency of system usage, which, instead, may be easier or cheaper to acquire.
Secrecy Performance of Transmit Antenna Selection for MIMO Relay Systems With Outdated CSI

This paper investigates secure cooperative transmissions in a dual-hop MIMO relay system using a combined transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximal-ratio combining (MRC) scheme over the Nakagami- $m$ fading channels, where an adaptive decode-and-forward relaying protocol and an multi-antenna eavesdropper are considered. Due to the feedback delay, channel state information (CSI) for TAS might be outdated at both the source and the relay. To evaluate the secrecy performance of the TAS/MRC scheme and the impacts of outdated CSI, the closed-form expressions for the metrics of exact ergodic secrecy rate and exact secrecy outage probability are derived under both perfect and outdated CSI conditions in a channel feedback error model. In order to explicitly reveal the behaviors of the secrecy performance in high signal-to-noise ratio regime, asymptotic expressions for both the metrics are further derived. As validated by simulation results, analytically numerical results demonstrate that outdated the CSI always results in a loss in the secrecy performance, but the loss can be recovered by increasing the number of antennas at legitimate receivers. Furthermore, the outdated CSI yields a reduced secrecy diversity order, whereas only the perfect CSI leads to the full secrecy diversity order.
Email adaptation for conflict handling: A case study of cross‐border inter‐organisational partnership in East Asia

This paper explores the context of email‐based communication in an established but fragile, inter‐organisational partnership, which was often overlain with conflict. Drawing upon adaptation theory, this study explores how participants adapt to the use of email to handle conflict. Extensive data were obtained during a 6‐month field study of a case of cross‐border inter‐organisational collaboration in East Asia. We observed that the individuals involved in the cross‐border partnership used email as a lean form of communication to stop covert conflict from explicitly emerging. In contrast to prior research on the leanness of email in managing conflict, we found that under the described conflict situation the very leanness of email was appreciated and thus, exploited by those concerned to manage the conflict situation. Specifically, we identified 4 key conflict‐triggered adaptation strategies, namely, interaction avoidance, disempowering, blame‐protection, and image‐sheltering that drove the ways in which email was adapted to maintain organisational partnerships under conflict.
Multiphoton imaging of basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

We used two-photon microscopy towards the imaging of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Our aim was to evaluate the morphology of BCC using two-photon fluorescence excitation and to establish a correlation with histopathology. We built a custom two-photon microscope and we measured the system capabilities. The system allowed to perform a preliminary measurement on a fresh human skin tissue sample. A human skin tissue sample of BCC excised during dermatological surgery procedures were used. The clinical diagnosis of BCC was confirmed by subsequent histopathological examination. The sample was imaged using endogenous tissue fluorescence within 2-3 hours from the excision with a two photon laser scanning fluorescence microscope. The acquired images allowed an obvious discrimination of the neoplastic areas toward normal tissue, based on morphological differences and aberrations of the intensity of the fluorescence signal. Our results showed that BCC tissue has a more homogeneous structure in comparison to normal tissue as well as a higher fluorescent response. The images obtained by two photon microscopy were further compared to the images acquired by an optical microscope after the conventional histopathological examination on one part of the respective sample. Our suggested method may represent a new diagnostic tool that improves the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination alone, enabling the accurate discrimination of basal cell carcinoma from normal tissue.
Delusions and Hallucinations in Persons With Dementia

This study compares formal and informal caregivers’ perceptions of delusions and hallucinations in older persons with dementia (PWDs). The study population consisted of 151 community-dwelling PWDs aged 65 and older, 90 formal caregivers, and 151 informal caregivers residing in Israel. Assessments included the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Etiological Assessment of Psychotic Symptoms in Dementia, Activities of Daily Living, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Informal caregivers reported higher rates and a higher level of severity of delusions and hallucinations than formal caregivers. Different caregivers showed varying degrees of emotional involvement, empathy, and efforts to find the meaning of the delusion for the person experiencing it. Family members and staff members may see different parts of the total picture. The combination of both points of view is essential in order to establish an accurate, comprehensive assessment of dementia symptoms and to enhance the understanding of the reality of the different parties.
Sex‐specific performance of pre‐imaging diagnostic algorithms for pulmonary embolism

Essentials Decision rules for pulmonary embolism are used indiscriminately despite possible sex‐differences. Various pre‐imaging diagnostic algorithms have been investigated in several prospective studies. When analysed at an individual patient data level the algorithms perform similarly in both sexes. Estrogen use and male sex were associated with a higher prevalence in suspected pulmonary embolism.
Automatic Subspace Learning via Principal Coefficients Embedding

In this paper, we address two challenging problems in unsupervised subspace learning: 1) how to automatically identify the feature dimension of the learned subspace (i.e., automatic subspace learning) and 2) how to learn the underlying subspace in the presence of Gaussian noise (i.e., robust subspace learning). We show that these two problems can be simultaneously solved by proposing a new method [(called principal coefficients embedding (PCE)]. For a given data set <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {D}\boldsymbol {\in } \mathbb{R}^{\boldsymbol {m\times n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, PCE recovers a clean data set <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {D}_{0}\boldsymbol {\in } \mathbb{R}^{\boldsymbol {m\times n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and simultaneously learns a global reconstruction relation <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {C}\boldsymbol {\in } \mathbf {R}^{\boldsymbol {n\times n}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {D}_{\boldsymbol {0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. By preserving <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> into an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {m^{\prime }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional space, the proposed method obtains a projection matrix that can capture the latent manifold structure of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {D}_{\boldsymbol {0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {m^{\prime }\ll m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is automatically determined by the rank of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with theoretical guarantees. PCE has three advantages: 1) it can automatically determine the feature dimension even though data are sampled from a union of multiple linear subspaces in presence of the Gaussian noise; 2) although the objective function of PCE only considers the Gaussian noise, experimental results show that it is robust to the non-Gaussian noise (e.g., random pixel corruption) and real disguises; and 3) our method has a closed-form solution and can be calculated very fast. Extensive experimental results show the superiority of PCE on a range of databases with respect to the classification accuracy, robustness, and efficiency.
Motion compensation of submillimeter wave 3D imaging radar data for security screening

Security systems at airports, borders, and other public areas require high throughput screening at the same time as a high level of protection against possible threats is achieved. New safe stand-off systems with automatic detection of concealed objects that operate in the submillimeter wave region are being developed to meet the need for fast screening and respected privacy. These new technologies include radar 3D imaging of moving persons. Real-time fame rates are desired in these scanning radar 3D imaging systems to achieve high throughput. High throughput can also be achieved at lower near real-time frame rates if the 3D images can be motion compensated before detection of concealed objects. In this paper we present a method for motion compensation of submillimeter wave 3D imaging radar data used for security screening. We demonstrate the method on simulated 3D radar data with known motion errors with good results.
In vivo acute treatment with trimethyltin chloride causes neuronal degeneration in the murine olfactory bulb and anterior olfactory nucleus by different cascades in each region

Our earlier study demonstrated that in vivo acute treatment with trimethyltin chloride (TMT) produces severe neuronal damage in the dentate gyrus and cognition impairment in mice. In the present study, we assessed whether TMT was capable of causing neuronal degeneration in the olfactory bulb (OB) and anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) of the mouse brain. An intraperitoneal injection of TMT at the dose of 2.8 mg/kg led to a dramatic increase in the number of degenerating cells, which were reactive with antibody against single‐stranded DNA, in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the OB and AON 1 day and 2 days later, respectively. TMT treatment produced a marked translocation of phospho‐c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the AON. Expectedly, a marked increase in phospho‐c‐Jun‐positive cells was seen in the AON after the treatment. In addition to the AON, the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb showed the presence of phospho‐c‐Jun‐positive cells after the treatment. However, the GCL had no cells positive for either phospho‐c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase or phospho‐c‐Jun at any time after the treatment with TMT. Similarly, TMT‐induced nuclear translocation of the lysosomal enzyme deoxyribonuclease II was seen in the AON, but not in the GCL. On the other hand, TMT elicited the expression of activated caspase 3 in the GCL but not in the AON. Taken together, our results suggest that TMT is capable of causing neuronal degeneration in the murine OB and AON through different cascades in the two structures. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and Analysis of Schmitt Trigger Based 10T SRAM in 32 nm Technology

Low stability and higher process parameter variations are the critical issues in SRAM cell in nanometer technology. In this paper, we propose a Schmitt trigger based differential SRAM bit cell to solve scaled technology issue. Schmitt triggers based SRAM cell provides higher read stability and higher process variation tolerance because of its internal positive feedback. This paper proposes a cell with which utilize read-write decouple technique and Schmitt trigger technique to enhance cell acceptability at low technology. To estimate the effect of process parameter variation on stability Monte Carlo simulation are performed using 32 nm predictive-technology-model (PTM) with 30% threshold voltage variations. Proposed cell achieves 1.56 higher read static noise margin compared to the traditional ST-1 and ST-2 cell respectively. In this cell, Sensitivity to process parameter variation is reduced by 5.9× and 2.5× as compared to ST-1 and ST-2 cell. The results indicate that the proposed cell may be a better substitution of other Schmitt trigger based SRAM cell at scaled technology node.
Noncalcemic 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits human melanoma growth in in vitro and in vivo models

A novel pathway of vitamin D3 (D3) metabolism, initiated by C20-hydroxylation of D3 by CYP11A1, has been confirmed to operate in vivo. Its major product, 20(OH)D3, exhibits antiproliferative activity in vitro comparable to that of 1,25(OH)2D3, but is noncalcemic in mice and rats. To further characterize the antimelanoma activity of 20(OH)D3, we tested its effect on colony formation of human melanoma cells in monolayer culture and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. The migratory capabilities of the cells and cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions were also evaluated using transwell cell migration and spheroid toxicity assays. To assess the antimelanoma activity of 20(OH)D3 in vivo, age-matched immunocompromised mice were subcutaneously implanted with luciferase-labelled SKMel-188 cells and were randomly assigned to be treated with either 20(OH)D3 or vehicle (n=10 per group). Tumor size was measured with caliper and live bioimaging methods, and overall health condition expressed as a total body score scale. The following results were observed: (i) 20(OH)D3 inhibited colony formation both in monolayer and soft agar conditions, (ii) 20(OH)D3 inhibited melanoma cells in both transwell migration and spheroid toxicity assays, and (iii) 20(OH)D3 inhibited melanoma tumor growth in immunocompromised mice without visible signs of toxicity. However, although the survival rate was 90% in both groups, the total body score was higher in the treatment group compared to control group (2.8 vs. 2.55). In conclusion, 20(OH)D3, an endogenously produced secosteroid, is an excellent candidate for further preclinical testing as an antimelanoma agent.
Transmembrane semaphorin5B is proteolytically processed into a repulsive neural guidance cue

Developing neuronal growth cones respond to a number of post‐transcriptionally modified guidance cues to establish functional neural networks. The Semaphorin family has well‐established roles as both secreted and transmembrane guidance cues. Here, we describe the first evidence that a transmembrane Semaphorin, Semaphorin 5B (Sema5B), is proteolytically processed from its transmembrane form and can function as a soluble growth cone collapsing guidance cue. Over‐expression of A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease (ADAM)‐17, results in an enhanced release of the Sema5B ectodomain, while removal of a predicted ADAM‐17 cleavage site prevents its release. In contrast, knockdown of ADAM‐17 does not significantly reduce Sema5B release, indicating there are additional unknown compensating proteases. This modulation of the transmembrane Sema5B to a diffusible cue represents a sophisticated method to regulate neuronal guidance in vivo.
A spatial LDA model for discovering regional communities

Models and techniques for the extraction and analysis of communities from social network data have become a major area of research. Most of the prominent approaches exploit the link structure among users based on, e.g., information about followers or the exchange of messages among users. However, there are also other types of information that are useful for extracting communities from social network data, such as geographic information associated with postings and users. In this paper, we present a novel approach to discover so-called regional communities. Motivated by the fact that more and more postings to social networks include the geo-location of users, we claim that communities also form even if their users do not necessarily interact but are posting (similar) messages in both spatial and temporal proximity. To discover such regional communities we propose a generative probabilistic model based on spatial latent Dirichlet allocation (SLDA) that unveils not only regional communities but also topics associated with these communities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using Twitter data and compare the properties of communities detected that way with communities discovered by approaches using link graphs.