Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Critical Factors for the Quality and Shelf-life of MAP Fresh Meat: A Review

Due to increased demands for greater stringency in relation to hygiene and safety issues associated with fresh food products, coupled with ever-increasing demands by retailers for cost-effective extensions to product shelf-lives and the requirement to meet consumer expectations in relation to convenience and quality, the food packaging industry has rapidly developed to meet and satisfy expectations. One of the areas of research that has shown promise, and had success, is modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The success of MAP-fresh meat depends on many factors including good initial product quality, good hygiene from the source plants, correct packaging material selection, the appropriate gas mix for the product, reliable packaging equipment, and maintenance of controlled temperatures and humidity levels. Advances in plastic materials and equipment have propelled advances in MAP, but other technological and logistical considerations are needed for successful MAP systems for raw chilled meat. Although several parameters critical for the quality of MA packed meat have been studied and each found to be crucial, understanding of the interactions between the parameters is needed. This review was undertaken to present the most comprehensive and current overview of the widely available, scattered information about the various integrated critical factors responsible for the quality and shelf life of MA packed meat with an interest to stimulate further research to optimize different quality parameters.
Global analytic solution of fully-observed variational Bayesian matrix factorization

The variational Bayesian (VB) approximation is known to be a promising approach to Bayesian estimation, when the rigorous calculation of the Bayes posterior is intractable. The VB approximation has been successfully applied to matrix factorization (MF), offering automatic dimensionality selection for principal component analysis. Generally, finding the VB solution is a nonconvex problem, and most methods rely on a local search algorithm derived through a standard procedure for the VB approximation. In this paper, we show that a better option is available for fully-observed VBMF--the global solution can be analytically computed. More specifically, the global solution is a reweighted SVD of the observed matrix, and each weight can be obtained by solving a quartic equation with its coefficients being functions of the observed singular value. We further show that the global optimal solution of empirical VBMF (where hyperparameters are also learned from data) can also be analytically computed. We illustrate the usefulness of our results through experiments in multi-variate analysis.
Self-Disclosure as a Relationship Disengagement Strategy: An Exploratory Investigation

Interactants are strategic goal seekers in their interpersonal communication. However, to date, research has concentrated almost exclusively on the communicative strategies by which actors achieve a goal of relationship initiation. Relationship disengagement occupies an important motivational force, as well. This study initiated exploration of the communicative strategies by which actors disengage their relationships, focusing in particular on the verbal strategy of self-disclosure. Undergraduate volunteers were exposed to one of four hypothetical scenarios: Respondent Intent (Maintain or Disengage) and Other's Intent (Maintain or Disengage). Twenty Likert-type items of willingness to self-disclose on a variety of topics constituted the dependent measures and were clustered into three primary factors. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that respondents were less willing to self-disclose when they desired to disengage the relationship.
Latéralisation hémisphérique et stratégies d'exploration dans des tâches de perception tactilo-kinesthésique

This paper reports a novel approach to investigate exploratory strategies and hemispheric lateralization in haptic perception. The duration and spatial distribution of digital contacts on the stimulus were studied in four mono- or dihaptic tasks. In dihaptic conditions, the left hand touched a larger surface of the stimuli, and was better at recognition than the right hand. In monohaptic testing, a similar asymmetry was observed in strategies, although the two hands did not differ on their success rates. The use of a monohaptic tactile-tactile situation suggests that asymmetries were more likely to appear during the initial coding of the stimulus than during its recognition. Altogether, these experiments show that the analysis of exploratory strategies is more suited to demonstrate hemispheric asymmetries than the analysis of response times and success rates.
A sparse system identification by using adaptively-weighted total variation via a primal-dual splitting approach

Observing that sparse systems are almost smooth, we propose to utilize the newly-introduced adaptively-weighted total variation (AWTV) for sparse system identification. In our formulation, a sparse system identification problem is posed as a sequential suppression of a time-varying cost function: the sum of AWTV and a data-fidelity term. In order to handle such a non-differentiable cost function efficiently, we propose a time-varying extension of a primal-dual splitting type algorithm, named the adaptive primal-dual splitting method (APDS). APDS is free from operator inversion or other highly complex operations, resulting in computationally efficient implementation in online manner. Moreover, APDS realizes that the sequence defined in a certain product space monotonically approaches the solution set of the current cost function, i.e., the sequence generated by APDS pursues desired replicas of the unknown system in each time-step. Our scheme is applied to a network echo cancellation problem where it shows excellent performance compared with conventional methods.
Slit-Robo signaling

Slits are secreted proteins that bind to Roundabout (Robo) receptors. Slit-Robo signaling is best known for mediating axon repulsion in the developing nervous system. However, in recent years the functional repertoire of Slits and Robo has expanded tremendously and Slit-Robo signaling has been linked to roles in neurogenesis, angiogenesis and cancer progression among other processes. Likewise, our mechanistic understanding of Slit-Robo signaling has progressed enormously. Here, we summarize new insights into Slit-Robo evolutionary and system-dependent diversity, receptor-ligand interactions, signaling crosstalk and receptor activation. Summary: This Development at a Glance article summarizes new insights into Slit-Robo evolutionary and system-dependent diversity, receptor-ligand interactions, signaling crosstalk and receptor activation.
Ringelmann Revisited

Recent work suggests that group members' motivation for certain types of tasks declines as group size increases. Two experiments examined alternative explanations for this effect. The results of the first study disconfirmed the "me first" explanation, which holds that the effect occurs only when an individual performs in several different size groups. The second experiment supported the "hide-in—the crowd"explanation, which holds that member anonymity increases with group size for the tasks which have yielded the effect.
Innovation in the Arctic: Squaring the Circle

Innovation and entrepreneurship are prominent buzz words in the modern lexicon, reflective of the knowledge economy in which we now dwell. While the possibilities in a world of big data, robotics, and the internet of everything seem endless, they do indeed have limits. Cities, it has become routine to point out, are the harbingers of innovation, and attract creative people who develop and apply the new technologies our economy now depends upon. But where does that leave those in rural and remote communities? Can the Arctic region be a place where new technologies are more readily adapted, much less developed?
Title Robust speech recognition based on a Bayesian predictionapproach

In this paper, we study a category of robust speech recognition problem in which mismatches exist between training and testing conditions, and no accurate knowledge of the mismatch mechanism is available. The only available information is the test data along with a set of pretrained Gaussian mixture continuous density hidden Markov models (CDHMM’s). We investigate the problem from the viewpoint of Bayesian prediction. A simple prior distribution, namely constrained uniform distribution, is adopted to characterize the uncertainty of the mean vectors of the CDHMM’s. Two methods, namely a model compensation technique based on Bayesian predictive density and a robust decision strategy called ViterbiBayesian predictive classification are studied. The proposed methods are compared with the conventional Viterbi decoding algorithm in speaker-independent recognition experiments on isolated digits and TI connected digit strings (TIDIGITS), where the mismatches between training and testing conditions are caused by: 1) additive Gaussian white noise, 2) each of 25 types of actual additive ambient noises, and 3) gender difference. The experimental results show that the adopted prior distribution and the proposed techniques help to improve the performance robustness under the examined mismatch conditions.
Rab3D, a small GTP–binding protein implicated in regulated secretion, is associated with the transcytotic pathway in rat hepatocytes

Rab3 isotypes are expressed in regulated secretory cells. Here, we report that rab3D is also expressed in rat hepatocytes, classic models for constitutive secretion. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with primers specific for rat rab3D, we amplified a 151 base pair rab3D fragment from total RNA extracted from primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Immunoblot analysis using polyclonal antibodies to peptides representing the N‐ and C‐terminal hypervariable regions of murine rab3D recognized a protein of ∼25 kd in hepatocyte lysates, hepatic subcellular fractions, and tissue extracts. The distribution of rab3D was primarily cytosolic; however, only membrane‐associated rab3D significantly bound guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in overlay assays. Several lines of investigation indicate that rab3D is associated with the transcytotic pathway. First, rab3D was enriched in a crude vesicle carrier fraction (CVCF), which includes transcytotic carriers. Vesicular compartments immunoisolated from the CVCF on magnetic beads coated with anti‐rab3D antibody were enriched in the transcytosed form of the polymeric IgA receptor (pIgA‐R), but lacked not only the pIgA‐R precursor form associated with the secretory pathway, but also a Golgi marker protein. Second, indirect immunofluorescence on frozen liver sections and in polarized cultured hepatocytes localized rab3D‐positive sites at or near the apical plasma membrane and to the pericanalicular cytoplasm. Finally, cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL), a manipulation known to slow transcytosis, caused rab3D to accumulate in the pericanalicular cytoplasm of cholestatic hepatocytes. Our results indicate that rab3D plays a role in the regulation of apically directed transcytosis in rat hepatocytes.
Distinct mechanisms act in concert to mediate cell cycle arrest

In response to DNA damage, cells arrest at specific stages in the cell cycle. This arrest must fulfill at least 3 requirements: it must be activated promptly; it must be sustained as long as damage is present to prevent loss of genomic information; and after the arrest, cells must re-enter into the appropriate cell cycle phase to ensure proper ploidy. Multiple molecular mechanisms capable of arresting the cell cycle have been identified in mammalian cells; however, it is unknown whether each mechanism meets all 3 requirements or whether they act together to confer specific functions to the arrest. To address this question, we integrated mathematical models describing the cell cycle and the DNA damage signaling networks and tested the contributions of each mechanism to cell cycle arrest and re-entry. Predictions from this model were then tested with quantitative experiments to identify the combined action of arrest mechanisms in irradiated cells. We find that different arrest mechanisms serve indispensable roles in the proper cellular response to DNA damage over time: p53-independent cyclin inactivation confers immediate arrest, whereas p53-dependent cyclin downregulation allows this arrest to be sustained. Additionally, p21-mediated inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity is indispensable for preventing improper cell cycle re-entry and endoreduplication. This work shows that in a complex signaling network, seemingly redundant mechanisms, acting in a concerted fashion, can achieve a specific cellular outcome.
A Clustering Approach to Improving Pseudo-Relevance Feedback: Improving Retrieval Effetiveness by Removing Noisy Documents

Pseudo relevance feedback is an effective technique for improving retrieval results, which assumes a small number of top-ranked documents in the initial retrieval results are relevant and selects from these documents related terms to the query to improve the query representation through query expansion. However, these documents are often a mixture of relevant and irrelevant documents. The relevance feedback is quite effective and performs significantly better than pseudo-relevance feedback, which needs the user explicitly provides information on relevant documents to a query. This paper makes a case for the use of query-specific density clustering in IR on the grounds of improved retrieval effectiveness in a fully automatic manner and without relevance information provided by human and the experimental results show that significant improvements can be obtained on several collections when our new model FWN (Feedback Without Noise) is used.
Comparative study of the cognitive performance of Greek Australian and Greek national elderly: Implications for neuropsychological practice

In the area of dementia diagnosis and assessment of cognitive functioning of elderly culturally and linguistically diverse individuals (CALDI) little is known about cognitive test performance differences between migrants and peers from their country of origin. This study investigated whether community dwelling elderly Greek Australian (GA) performance on tests of cognition was comparable to that of elderly Greek national 'normal' individuals without a diagnosis of dementia (Gn). Based on available cross-cultural literature it was hypothesised that GA would obtain lower scores on the Cambridge Cognitive Examination of the Elderly and the Mini-Mental Status Examination compared to Gn due to issues relating to the migrant experience such as acculturation, reduced language fluency and proficiency. The results of the current study supported the hypothesis arguing for caution when interpreting CALDI performance on tests that have not been normed in that particular group because there may be a greater risk of false-positive diagnoses.
Prospective Students' Perceptions of University Brands: An Empirical Study

A model of the elements of a university brand was developed together with an instrument for measuring how favorably each of these elements was perceived by a sample of young people who were considering entering university. One hundred and ninety-eight students undertaking pre-university courses in two further education colleges in East London completed a questionnaire designed to assess their evaluations of two out of three post-1992 universities covered by the study. The questionnaire contained sections that explored the promises suggested by a university brand, the objective circumstances of an institution, and its symbolic and external representation. Linkages between the favorability of the sample members' perceptions of the main components of a university's brand and the participants' conative, affective, and cognitive responses (including those related to a university's reputation) were also examined. The model involved a mixture of constructs with formative or reflective indicators and thus was estimated using the technique of partial least squares.
White‐crowned sparrow males show immediate flexibility in song amplitude but not in song minimum frequency in response to changes in noise levels in the field

Abstract The soundscape acts as a selective agent on organisms that use acoustic signals to communicate. A number of studies document variation in structure, amplitude, or timing of signal production in correspondence with environmental noise levels thus supporting the hypothesis that organisms are changing their signaling behaviors to avoid masking. The time scale at which organisms respond is of particular interest. Signal structure may evolve across generations through processes such as cultural or genetic transmission. Individuals may also change their behavior during development (ontogenetic change) or in real time (i.e., immediate flexibility). These are not mutually exclusive mechanisms, and all must be investigated to understand how organisms respond to selection pressures from the soundscape. Previous work on white‐crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) found that males holding territories in louder areas tend to sing higher frequency songs and that both noise levels and song frequency have increased over time (30 years) in urban areas. These previous findings suggest that songs are changing across generations; however, it is not known if this species also exhibits immediate flexibility. Here, we conducted an exploratory, observational study to ask whether males change the minimum frequency of their song in response to immediate changes in noise levels. We also ask whether males sing louder, as increased minimum frequency may be physiologically linked to producing sound at higher amplitudes, in response to immediate changes in environmental noise. We found that territorial males adjust song amplitude but not minimum frequency in response to changes in environmental noise levels. Our results suggest that males do not show immediate flexibility in song minimum frequency, although experimental manipulations are needed to test this hypothesis further. Our work highlights the need to investigate multiple mechanisms of adaptive response to soundscapes.
Climate change has indirect effects on resource use and overlap among coexisting bird species with negative consequences for their reproductive success

Climate change can modify ecological interactions, but whether it can have cascading effects throughout ecological networks of multiple interacting species remains poorly studied. Climate‐driven alterations in the intensity of plant–herbivore interactions may have particularly profound effects on the larger community because plants provide habitat for a wide diversity of organisms. Here we show that changes in vegetation over the last 21 years, due to climate effects on plant–herbivore interactions, have consequences for songbird nest site overlap and breeding success. Browsing‐induced reductions in the availability of preferred nesting sites for two of three ground nesting songbirds led to increasing overlap in nest site characteristics among all three bird species with increasingly negative consequences for reproductive success over the long term. These results demonstrate that changes in the vegetation community from effects of climate change on plant–herbivore interactions can cause subtle shifts in ecological interactions that have critical demographic ramifications for other species in the larger community.
Who Should I Blame? Effects of Autonomy and Transparency on Attributions in Human-Robot Interaction

As autonomous robots collaborate with people on tasks, the questions "who deserves credit? " and "who is to blame? " are no longer simple. Based on insights from an observational study of a delivery robot in a hospital, this paper deals with how robotic autonomy and transparency affect the attribution of credit and blame. In the study, we conducted a 2times2 experiment to test the effects of autonomy and transparency on attributions. We found that when a robot is more autonomous, people attribute more credit and blame to the robot and less toward themselves and other participants. When the robot explains its behavior (e.g. is transparent), people blame other participants (but not the robot) less. Finally, transparency has a greater effect in decreasing the attribution of blame when the robot is more autonomous
A practical approach to deploy large scale wireless sensor networks

In a wireless sensor network, a sensor measures environmental data. It also relays data for other sensors. While sensing workload is the same among sensors, relaying workload differs. Sensors closer to the data sink carry more data traffic. This becomes more prominent as the network scales up. The drawback of this is that nodes in the network degrade unevenly and the network ages in a non-uniform way. This paper seeks the ways to deploy the network so that the workload is evenly distributed, thus the network overall behavior degrades in a smooth fashion. Assuming that the sensors should be evenly deployed within the monitored area, we look at the approach where a set of more powerful nodes are designated for data relaying. We look at the approach to deploy relaying nodes that are easy to implement in practice. In particular, we select sub-regions to deploy relaying nodes at calculated density. We propose a simple method where the density is simply based on the size of the area whose data is relayed by these nodes
New high‐resolution 2‐deoxyglucose method featuring double labeling and automated data collection

A new approach to high‐resolution 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG) emulsion‐autoradiography which combines improved retention of 2DG labeling, staining with immunohistochemical and other specific markers, and automated data collection and analysis of local silver grain and stain densities is described. The Durham et al. (J. Neurosci. 1:519–526, '81) procedure for fixation of 2DG with periodate‐lysine‐paraformaldehyde (PLP, McLean and Nakane: J. Histochem. Cytochem. 22:1077–1083, '74) was adapted to increase retained label roughly tenfold. Phenobarbital anesthesia is induced 45 minutes after 2DG injection. Barbiturate anesthesia increases brain glycogen (Nelson et al.: J. Neurochem. 15:1271–1279, '68) and presumably increases the incorporation of intracellular 2DG from 2DG‐6P into brain glycogen and other molecules (Nelson et al.: J. Neurochem. 43:949–956, '84; Pentreath et al.: Neuroscience 7:759–767, '82). Iodoacetate is added to cold fixative to prevent glycogen breakdown (Cammermeyer and Fenton: Histochemistry 76:339–356, '82).
Two-scale hyperelastic model of a material with prestress at cellular level

We propose the two-scale hyperelastic model of a material defined at micro-scale. The microstructure, motivated by the arrangement of soft tissues at the cellular level, is formed by an incompressible inclusion and linear elastic elements. The prestress of such structure is maintained by the assumption of constant volume of the inclusion. In the continuum limit, the prestressed microstructure is considered as a single material particle governed by the macroscopic deformation gradient. Thus the strain-energy is obtained as a function of both macro-deformation and micro-prestress. Although we have no analytical formula, an approximation is found using assumptions that hold for soft tissues. It shows clearly the ability of the model to control the overall mechanical behaviour by setting the prestress at micro-scale (the prestress-induced stiffening). c