Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active control of sound radiation using volume velocity cancellation

The active control of sound transmission through a panel has been formulated using a near‐field approach. The effects of minimizing the sound power radiated by the panel and of canceling the net volume velocity of the panel are compared not only in terms of the reduction in sound radiation but also in terms of the change in the space average mean‐squared velocity of the panel and the space average mean‐squared pressure at its surface. Simulations of a thin panel excited by an incident acoustic plane wave and a piezoelectric control actuator show that volume velocity cancellation gives similar reductions in the transmitted sound power to the minimization of sound power radiation up to frequencies at which the size of the plate is about half an acoustic wavelength. The acoustic radiation is analyzed in terms of the radiation modes of the panel which are also used to explain spillover effects. Spillover, which leads to increases in the mean‐squared velocity of the panel and to increases in near‐field pressur.
State Mastery Learning: Dynamic Models for Longitudinal Data

Macready & Dayton (1980) showed that state mas tery models are handled optimally within the general latent class framework for data from a single time point. An extension of this idea is presented here for longitudinal data obtained from repeated measure ments across time. The static approach is extended using multiple-indicator Markov chain models. The approach presented here emphasizes the dynamic as pects of the process of change, such as growth, decay, and stability. The general approach is presented, and models with purely categorical and ordered categorical states and several extensions of these models are dis cussed. Problems of estimation, identification, assess ment of model fit, and hypothesis testing associated with these models also are discussed. The applicability of these models is demonstrated using data from a lon gitudinal study on solving arithmetic word problems. The advantages and disadvantages of using the ap proach presented here are discussed. Index terms: arithmetic word problems, dynamic latent class mod els, latent class models, longitudinal categorical data, Markov models, state mastery models.
Rhythmic chew cycles with distinct fast and slow phases are ancestral to gnathostomes

Intra-oral food processing, including chewing, is important for safe swallowing and efficient nutrient assimilation across tetrapods. Gape cycles in tetrapod chewing consist of four phases (fast open and -close, and slow open and -close), with processing mainly occurring during slow close. Basal aquatic-feeding vertebrates also process food intraorally, but whether their chew cycles are partitioned into distinct phases, and how rhythmic their chewing is, remains unknown. Here, we show that chew cycles from sharks to salamanders are as rhythmic as those of mammals, and consist of at least three, and often four phases, with phase distinction occasionally lacking during jaw opening. In fishes and aquatic-feeding salamanders, fast open has the most variable duration, more closely resembling mammals than basal amniotes (lepidosaurs). Across ontogenetically or behaviourally mediated terrestrialization, salamanders show a distinct pattern of the second closing phase (near-contact) being faster than the first, with no clear pattern in partitioning of variability across phases. Our results suggest that distinct fast and slow chew cycle phases are ancestral for jawed vertebrates, followed by a complicated evolutionary history of cycle phase durations and jaw velocities across fishes, basal tetrapods and mammals. These results raise new questions about the mechanical and sensorimotor underpinnings of vertebrate food processing. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals’.
A Lanczos Algorithm for Computing Singular Values and Vectors of Large Matrices

Any real matrix A has associated with it the real symmetric matrix \[ B \equiv \left(\begin{array}{*{20}c} 0 \\ {A^T } \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{*{20}c} A \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \right) \] whose positive eigenvalues are the nonzero singular values of A. Using B and our Lanczos algorithms for computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors of very large real symmetric matrices, we obtain an algorithm for computing singular values and singular vectors of large sparse real matrices. This algorithm provides a means for computing the largest and the smallest or even all of the distinct singular values of many matrices
Restoration of Astronomical Images by Iterative Blind Deconvolution

We have developed a modified version of the Iterative Blind Deconvolution (IBD) algorithm of Lane, applicable to different types of astronomical data. Besides using positivity, convolution, and support constraints, we have also applied band-limit, multiple image, and Fourier modulus constraints. By using all the available image constraining information, we are able to successfully recover object and point spread function information from noisy data. The algorithm's performance under controlled conditions using simulated data for a binary source object, a compact multiple quasi-point source object, and an extended object with low contrast are demonstrated
On the design of practicable numerical experiments to investigate stratospheric temperature change

Forty‐year, time‐varying GCM integrations have been run both with and without coupled chemistry. The results suggest that while computer resources preclude multi‐member ensemble experiments with coupled chemistry models to achieve statistical significance, robust results can be achieved for some atmospheric parameters by running ensemble experiments with imposed ozone changes. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Strongly Curved Flow Profiles in Quasigeostrophic Stability Theory

Piecewise linear flow profiles are commonly used in quasigeostrophic (QG) stability analyses as idealizations of the smooth profiles found in nature. In such studies the QG potential vorticity (PV) equation is generally solved in layers of uniform PV with solutions matched at interfaces. While such a procedure is formally valid, it will be shown that nearby smooth flow profiles, which the piecewise linear profiles are supposed to represent, violate QG scaling assumptions. A scaling analysis suggests that the maximum vertical curvature in the isentropes consistent with quasigeostrophic theory is O(U/fL 2 ), where U is the tropospheric scale of the zonal wind, f is the Coriolis parameter, and L is the horizontal length scale. Comparisons are made between the stability characteristics of a piecewise linear flow profile and nearby smooth flows that better satisfy this curvature constraint, and significant qualitative differences are found. The authors conclude that extreme caution must be exercised when using piecewise linear flow profiles in QG stability theory.
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies cross-react and enhance dengue infection

Dengue disease is highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. However, its pathogenesis is still incompletely understood, particularly in comparison to other endemic viruses. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a well-known phenomenon for dengue viruses. Given the recent surge in dengue cases and potential cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, this study explores the impact of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on DENV-2 infection. The study assessed the cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with the DENV-2 Virus. Human convalescent plasma samples collected during different waves of COVID-19 and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against SARS-CoV-2 were examined for their potential to cause ADE of DENV-2 infection using cell-based assays. The study found that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies acquired from natural infection in humans or through experimental immunization in animals were cross-reactive with DENV-2 and had the potential to enhance DENV-2 infection in K562 and U937 cells. In-silico and in-vitro studies indicated a strong interaction between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and DENV-2 E-protein, providing a molecular basis for these findings. This study is the first to demonstrate that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can cross-react with DENV-2 and can enhance its infection through ADE. These findings have implications for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development and deployment strategies in regions where dengue is endemic. Summary Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (RBD and Spike) showed significant cross reactivity with DENV-2 (E protein). Also, anti-SARS-CoV-2-commercial antibodies, immunised animal sera and 46 human convalescent plasma samples (from different waves of pandemic) demonstrated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of DENV-2 infection.
Air-liquid interface culture of midbrain organoids improves neuronal functionality and integration of microglia

Midbrain organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease. However, the absence of microglia and the development of a necrotic core in mature organoids have remained key limitations on their utility as functional models of the human midbrain. Here we propose a novel methodology for extended cultivation of midbrain organoid slices, which involves the incorporation of microglia and utilizes an air-liquid culture system. Compared to conventional whole organoids, we found that our model increased the efficacy and consistency of the integration of microglia progenitors. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we showed that organoid slices maturated in ALI give rise to astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Furthermore, the cultivation in air-liquid interface greatly improved neuronal functionality in response to stimulation by NMDA. This stimulation consistently induced robust and stable network activity evaluated by microelectrode array recording. Our newly developed midbrain organoid model with its improved cell type composition and neuronal functionality has potential applications in basic research of Parkinson’s disease and in the development of therapeutics. Graphical abstract
Orbital Evolution of Cloud Particles from Explosions of Geosynchronous Objects

Current orbital debris search strategies for telescopes observing in geosynchronous Earth orbit are designed around the known orbital distributions of cataloged objects. However, the majority of cataloged objects are believed to be intact spacecraft and rocket bodies, not the debris particles the searches are intended to locate. If there have been breakups in geosynchronous Earth orbit, the explosions may have put the debris into orbits that are significantly different from those in the catalog. Consequently, observation plans optimized for the catalog population may not be optimized for any unseen debris populations. Some hypothetical cases and a real near-synchronous U.S. Titan IIIC transtage explosion will be presented to demonstrate this effect. Perturbing accelerations to be considered for orbital evolution are the nonspherical part of the Earth’s gravitational attraction and gravitational attractions due to the sun and moon. Solar radiation pressure effects are omitted in this analysis, not because they are unimportant for this type of analysis, but to concentrate on the primary orbit perturbations.
A role for covariance stabilization in the construction of the classical mixture surface

Some well‐established ideas from classical covariance stabilization and shrinkage estimation are extended to the context of physical mixtures through the use of a model developed by Burdick and Rayens. A cross‐validation techique is proposed and associated computational issues are addressed. The methodology is evaluated in the context of real polychlorinated biphenyl data.
Cross-Domain Descriptions: The Sensory and the Psychological

Cross-domain descriptions are descriptions of features pertaining to one domain in terms of vocabulary primarily associated with another domain. Notably, we routinely describe psychological features in terms of the sensory domain and vice versa. Sorrow is said to be ‘bitter’ and fear ‘cold’. Music can be described as ‘happy’, ‘sad’, ‘mournful’, and so on. Such descriptions are rife in both everyday discourse and literary writings. What is it about psychological features that invites descriptions in sensory terms and what is it about the sensory that invites descriptions in terms of the psychological? Drawing on the literature on polysemy, this paper sheds light on cross-domain descriptions pertaining to the sensory and the psychological domains.
Running Head: CONVENTIONAL AND RATER-FRIENDLY RUBRICS 1 Conventional and Rater-Friendly Rubrics for L2 First Year Composition

Rubrics have long been used to evaluate L2 student writing. However, little research has been done on rubrics for L2 student essays at the undergraduate first-year composition level (Becker, 2010; East & Young, 2007). Because of the unique differences found in L2 student writing, a new rubric, referred to as the rater-friendly rubric , was created in a freshman composition course for upper-intermediate L2 students at a Northern American university. This new rubric focused on the accomplishment of tasks set out by the essay prompt, to allow teachers to rate as the anticipated task was accomplished in the student essay. This quantitative and qualitative ex-post facto study investigated the differences in rater reliability and rater confidence when comparing the former rubric and the new rater-friendly rubric. 13 raters evaluated eight essays and found that the new rubric to be more reliable than the former rubric through qualitative and quantitative analyses. Implications for teachers and student writing evaluators are given.
“TNOs are Cool”: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region - IX. Thermal properties of Kuiper belt objects and Centaurs from combined Herschel and Spitzer observations

Aims. The goal of this work is to characterize the ensemble thermal properties of the Centaurs/trans-Neptunian population. Methods. Thermal flux measurements obtained with Herschel/PACS and Spitzer/MIPS provide size, albedo, and beaming factors for 85 objects (13 of which are presented here for the first time) by means of standard radiometric techniques. The measured beaming factors are influenced by the combination of surface roughness and thermal inertia effects. They are interpreted within a thermophysical model to constrain, in a statistical sense, the thermal inertia in the population and to study its dependence on several parameters. We use in particular a Monte-Carlo modeling approach to the data whereby synthetic datasets of beaming factors are created using random distributions of spin orientation and surface roughness. Results. Beaming factors eta range fromvalues \textless1 to similar to 2.5, but high eta values (\textgreater2) are lacking at low heliocentric distances (r(h) \textless 30 AU). Beaming factors lower than 1 occur frequently (39% of the objects), indicating that surface roughness effects are important. We determine a mean thermal inertia for Centaurs/TNO of Gamma = (2.5 +/- 0.5) J m(-2) s(-1/2) K-1, with evidence of a trend toward decreasing Gamma with increasing heliocentric (by a factor similar to 2.5 from 8-25 AU to 41-53 AU). These thermal inertias are 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than expected for compact ices, and generally lower than on Saturn's satellites or in the Pluto/Charon system. Most high-albedo objects are found to have unusually low thermal inertias. Our results suggest highly porous surfaces, in which the heat transfer is affected by radiative conductivity within pores and increases with depth in the subsurface.
Evidence of two-center interference in high-order harmonic generation from CO2

Two recent pump-probe experiments on the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from partially aligned CO{sub 2} molecules have shown that the HHG yields versus the ionization rates as functions of the pump-probe delay time exhibit inverted modulation. The inversion has been attributed to the quantum interference in the recombination process from the two oxygen centers. Using the Lewenstein model to calculate HHG from fixed CO{sub 2} molecules and taking into account the partial alignment of the molecules versus the time delay, we interpret that the inversion is due to the degree of overlap between the partially aligned molecules and the angular dependence of the HHG yield. We also note that the harmonic order where inversion occurs may change with probe laser intensity due to the depletion of the ground state.
Realization of all-optical AND–OR logic gates using the Z-scan method

The NLO properties of organic materials have been studied with the single-beam Z-scan technique using a CW laser beam. A He–Ne laser operated at 632.8 nm with a power output of 12 mW is used for this study. A closed-aperture setup is used to measure the nonlinear refractive index of Patent blue V dye dissolved in distilled water. The material exhibits negative nonlinearity. Optical limiting behavior has been observed for this dye. Further, we have modified the Z-scan setup suitably to realize all-optical AND and OR logic gates.
GRS 1915+105 “celebrates its majority” (1992–2010)

Abstract Over the 18 years since its discovery, GRS 1915+105 has continuously brightened in the X/γ-ray sky. It is considered the prototypical microquasar. Most of these are LMXBs that show sporadic ejection of matter at apparently superluminal velocities. In these the three basic ingredients of quasars are found: a black hole, an accretion disc and collimated jets of high energy particles, but in microquasars the black hole is only a few M⊙ instead of several × 106 M⊙; the accretion disc had mean thermal temperature of several × 106 K instead of several × 103 K, and the particles ejected at relativistic speeds travel distances of a few ly only, compared to few × 106 ly as in radio galaxies. However many open issues remain to be addressed.
A scheme of private key agreement based on the channel characteristics in OFDM land mobile radio

As a measure for preventing eavesdropping on land-mobile communication, this paper studies an application of a private key agreement based on the propagation characteristics of channel to a practical system without key delivery. The paper proposes a private key agreement based on the time-varying frequency characteristics suitable for OFDM. In the proposed method, the time-varying frequency characteristics are alternately measured on the basis of the channel reciprocity and generation of the key and key agreement is attempted. Also, in the proposed method, for prevention of errors in key generation, measurement time difference compensation of the channel, noise reduction by the synchronous addition process, and key disagreement correction by an algebraic decoding method are applied. Further, in order to evaluate the safety of the key, a method for evaluation of independence of the key is discussed. As a system mode for evaluation of the performance of the proposed method, a model is constructed for study that is based on the specification of the IEEE802.11a wireless LAN using the OFDM, so that verification of an operation can be carried out in a more realistic environment. Numerical simulation indicates that it is possible to share the private key in a realistic setting with an SN ratio of 15 dB by means of various measures for prevention of key disagreement. Also, an evaluation confirms that independence is sufficiently maintained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(9): 1–10, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20167
ANALYSIS OF A CHEMOSTAT MODEL FOR BACTERIA AND VIRULENT BACTERIOPHAGE

The purpose of this paper is to study the mathematical properties of the solutions of a model for bacteria and virulent bacteriophage system in a chemostat. A general model was first proposed by Levin, Stewart and Chao [13] and then, a specific one, by Lenski and Levin [12]. The numerical simulations come from the experimental data referred in [12,13]. In our Knowledge the analysis presented herefollowing is the first mathematical attempt to analyse the model of bacteria and virulent bacteriophage and presents two fresh frontiers: 1) the modeling of delay (latency period) incorporating the realistic through time death rate in linear stability analysis brings to characteristic equations with delay dependent parameters for which only recently Beretta and Kuang [5] provided a geometric stability switch criterion which application is presented along the paper; 2) the modelling of the dynamics through three full delay stages can be reduced to two using the integral representation for the density of infected bacteria. The basic properties of the model which are investigated are the existence of equilibria, positive invariance and boundedness of solutions and permanence results. Second, using the geometric stability switch criterion in the delay differential system with delay dependent parameters, we present the local asymptotic stability of the equilibria by analyzing the corresponding characteristic equation which coefficients depend on the time delay (the latency period). Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the results of local stability. Then, we study the global asymptotic stability of the boundary equilibria via Liapunov functional method. Finally, we give a discussion about the model.
The saturation states of compact and diffuse components of OH megamaser galaxies

A sample of 9 OH megamaser galaxies detected in the soft X-ray domain was compiled. Using available OH and X-ray data a striking correlation was found between the X-ray luminosity and the width of the OH line. This correlation may indicate that the X-ray heating of a molecular gas may increase the collisional excitation of the maser emission. However, this result should be considered as a tentative one because of the insufficient number of galaxies. An analysis of the saturation states of compact and diffuse components of OH emission was performed. The results of the analysis support the assumption that both the compact and diffuse OH maser emissions in the megamaser galaxies are saturated. The diffuse component might show unsaturated masing under certain conditions, such as the appropriate relation between the intensities of compact and diffuse components and a relevant number of the IR photons to pump the maser emission.
Face-on disc galaxies

Bidimensional photometry is presented for 40 bright S0 galaxies with apparent flattening b 0 /a 0 ≥ 0.9 at the 25 mag arsec -2 level. They represent all of the bright S0s in the RC2 catalogue which are seen almost face-on and are sufficiently extended for detailed investigations to be possible. Ellipticity and PA profiles of each system have been analysed in order to test for the presence of triaxiality in their bulges and in their discs. Kinematical observations are also presented for one of the more circular systems in the sample and for a template galaxy at higher inclination, in order to discuss the possible presence of stellar motions which are highly inclined with respect to the equatorial plane of the galaxy