Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Relaxation by Digital-Correlation Spectroscopy.

Abstract : The utility of digital-correlation spectroscopy for investigating structural relaxation in liquids on time scales from 1 miceosec to 1 sec is established. A digital correlator was used to analyze the Rayleigh scattering of light from undercooled glycerol. The correlation function obtained is related to the isothermal structural relaxation dynamics of the liquid. The data were found to join smoothly with those obtained ultrasonically at higher temperatures. (Author)
Dynamic lot sizing with returning items and disposals

We analyze a version of the Dynamic Lot Size (DLS) model where demands can be positive and negative and disposals of excess inventory are allowed. Such problems arise naturally in several applications areas, including retailing where previously sold items are returned to the point of sale and re-enter the inventory stream (such returns can be viewed as negative demands), and in managing kits of spare parts for scheduled maintenance of aircraft (where excess spares are returned to the depot), among other applications. Both the procurement of new items and the disposal of excess inventory decisions are considered within the framework of deterministic time-varying demands, concave holding, procurement and disposal costs and a finite time horizon (disposal of excess inventory at a profit is also allowed). By analyzing the structure of optimal policies, several useful properties are derived, leading to an efficient dynamic programming algorithm. The new model is shown to be a proper generalization of the classical Dynamic Lot Sizing Model, and the computational complexity of our algorithm is compared with that of the standard algorithms for the DLS model. Both the theoretical worst-case complexity analysis and a set of computational experiments are undertaken. The proposed methodology appears to be quite adequate for dealing with realistic-sized problems.
Synthesis and optical properties of well-aligned ZnO nanorod array on an undoped ZnO film

High-density well-aligned ZnO nanorod array was successfully synthesized on a PLD prepared undoped ZnO film by a catalyst-free method. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show that the nanorods are well-oriented perpendicular to the substrate. The photoluminescence from free excitons and Raman spectra of the ZnO nanorods reflect the high purity and nearly defect free structure of nanorods. The well-aligned feature of the nanorod array is attributed to the nanorods’ epitaxial growth from the ZnO film.
A General-Model-Space Diagrammatic Perturbation Theory

A diagrammatic many-body perturbation theory applicable to arbitrary model spaces is presented. The necessity of having a complete model space (all possible occupancies of the partially-filled shells) is avoided. This requirement may be troublesome for systems with several well-spaced open shells, such as most atomic and molecular excited states, as a complete model space spans a very broad energy range and leaves out states within that range, leading to poor or no convergence of the perturbation series. The method presented here would be particularly useful for such states. The solution of a model problem (He2 excited Σg+ states) is demonstrated.
Measures of spectral tilt

Crude measures of spectral tilt (F0‐H2 difference, and F0‐F1 difference) have been demonstrated to be useful for distinguishing phonation types. However with such methods, it is difficult to control for differences due to variations in vowel quality and F0. In order to place such measures on a firmer foundation, the differences in vowel quality can be compensated for by inverse filtering. This technique has been used for analyzing vowels in languages having contrasting phonation types. FM recordings of airflow data in Burmese and Hmong, and ordinary AM audio recordings of ! Xoo and Jalapa Mazatec were analyzed. AM recordings can be used, as phase distortion may be neglected while working in the frequency domain. FFT spectra were made of the inverse‐filtered waveforms. We considered several questions such as computational methods for deriving the amplitudes of harmonics, the expected dependency of amplitude on frequency, and the appropriate range of frequencies to examine. The results show that measures of .
Resonant Power Transmission Through Coupled Subwavelength Ridged Circular Apertures

The enhanced electromagnetic power transmission through single and coupled subwavelength ridged circular apertures in a thin metal screen is analyzed. The optimum distance between the apertures for the maximum transmission cross section (TCS), corresponding to the resonance condition, is identified with different relative arrangements. Based on an analysis of the TCS at resonance and a duality analogy with small dipole antennas, equivalent circuits for the resonant transmission are drawn that allow the self and mutual conductances to be quantitatively extracted, thereby providing a deeper comprehension of the enhanced power transmission mechanism.
Multiorientation simultaneous computation of backprojection for tomographic image reconstruction

Based on the geometrical relationships between image pixels and projection rays at different viewing angles, a multi-orientation simultaneous backprojection approach is proposed. Backprojections for four views theta , pi /2- theta , pi /2+ theta and pi - theta are performed at the same time; the locating operations of pixels for interpolation are only required for one of them when the number of views is even. By using this method in the Shepp and Logan backprojection algorithm, implementation results on an Intel 80386-based computer show that the processing time is reduced by a factor of approximately 2.7 for linear interpolation and approximately 4.2 for nearest-neighbour interpolation. >
ACTINIDE AND ULTRA-HEAVY ABUNDANCES IN THE LOCAL GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS FROM THE LDEF ULTRA-HEAVY COSMIC-RAY EXPERIMENT

The LDEF Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Experiment (UHCRE) detected Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) of charge Z ⩾ 70 in Earth orbit with an exposure factor of 170 m2 sr yr, much larger than any other experiment. The major results include the first statistically significant uniform sample of GCR actinides with 35 events passing quality cuts, evidence for the existence of transuranic nuclei in the GCR with one 96Cm candidate event, and a low 82Pb/78Pt ratio consistent with other experiments. The probability of the existence of a transuranic component is estimated as 96%, while the most likely 92U/90Th ratio is found to be 0.4 within a wide 70% confidence interval ranging from 0 to 0.96. Overall, the results are consistent with a volatility-based acceleration bias and source material which is mainly ordinary interstellar medium material with some recent contamination by freshly synthesized material. Uncertainty in the key 92U/90Th ratio is dominated by statistical errors resulting from the small sample size and any improved determination will thus require an experiment with a substantially larger exposure factor than the UHCRE.
Rayleigh waves in a poroelastic half‐space

The propagation of Rayleigh waves in a poroelastic half‐space is investigated for pervious and impervious surfaces. It is seen that the solutions presented by Jones for ‘‘Rayleigh waves in a porous elastic saturated solid’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33, 959–962 (1961)] are incorrect. A plot of phase velocity versus Poisson’s ratio is presented.
A new turbulence model for separated flows

In this study, the classical eddy viscosity turbulence models are analysed from a new standpoint. Based on this standpoint, a new, two-equation model that aims at separated flows is presented. This new turbulence model is directly derived from the standard k−ϵ and k−ω models and tested against flow in a plane, asymmetric diffuser and against NACA 4412 aerofoil flow. The results of numerical simulation of the two different types of flow compared to experimental data show that the new model is good at prediction of separated flows. The results are very encouraging, but further verification and extensive application of this new model are needed.
A tool for systematically comparing the power of tests for normality

In this article, we describe a new approach to compare the power of different tests for normality. This approach provides the researcher with a practical tool for evaluating which test at their disposal is the most appropriate for their sampling problem. Using the Johnson systems of distribution, we estimate the power of a test for normality for any mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. Using this characterization and an innovative graphical representation, we validate our method by comparing three well-known tests for normality: the Pearson χ2 test, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and the D'Agostino–Pearson K 2 test. We obtain such comparison for a broad range of skewness, kurtosis, and sample sizes. We demonstrate that the D'Agostino–Pearson test gives greater power than the others against most of the alternative distributions and at most sample sizes. We also find that the Pearson χ2 test gives greater power than Kolmogorov–Smirnov against most of the alternative distributions for sample sizes between 18 and 330.
Stages in the energetics of baroclinic systems

The results from several idealized and case studies are drawn together to form a comprehensive picture of “downstream baroclinic evolution” using local energetics. This new viewpoint offers a complementary alternative to the more conventional descriptions of cyclone development. These additional insights are made possible largely because the local energetics approach permits one to define an energy flux vector which accurately describes the direction of energy dispersion and quantifies the role of neighboring systems in local development. In this view, the development of a system's energetics is divided into three stages. In Stage 1, a pre-existing disturbance well upstream of an incipient trough loses energy via ageostrophic geopotential fluxes directed downstream through the intervening ridge, generating a new energy center there. In Stage 2, this new energy center grows vigorously, at first due to the convergence of these fluxes, and later by baroclinic conversion as well. As the center matures, it begins to export energy via geopotential fluxes to the eastern side of the trough, initiating yet another energy center. In Stage 3, this new energy center continues to grow while that on the western side of the trough decays due to a dwinding supply of energy via fluxes from the older upstream system and also as a consequence of its own export of energy downstream. As the eastern energy center matures, it exports energy further downstream, and the sequence begins anew. The USA “Blizzard of'93” is used as a new case study to test the limits to which this conceptual sequence might apply, as well as to augment the current limited set of case studies. It is shown that, despite the extraordinary magnitude of the event, the evolution of the trough associated with the Blizzard fits the conceptual picture of downstream baroclinic evolution quite well, with geopotential fluxes playing a critical role in three respects. First, fluxes from an old, decaying system in the Pacific were convergent over the west coast of North America, creating a kinetic energy center there and modifying the jet, resulting in a large extension of the overall kinetic energy center well into Mexico. Second, energy fluxes from this extension of the northwesterly flow were strongly convergent east of the trough, producing explosive growth of kinetic energy over the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, with baroclinic conversion following shortly thereafter. Lastly, the kinetic energy generated by the vigorous baroclinic conversion in the cold advection on the west side of the trough was very effectively transferred to the energy center on the east side of the trough via geopotential fluxes. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995. 00108.x
Exceptional Paper—Location of Bank Accounts to Optimize Float: An Analytic Study of Exact and Approximate Algorithms

The number of days required to clear a check drawn on a bank in city j depends on the city i in which the check is cashed. Thus, to maximize its available funds, a company that pays bills to numerous clients in various locations may find it advantageous to maintain accounts in several strategically located banks. We will discuss the problem of optimally locating bank accounts to maximize clearing times. The importance of this problem depends in part on its mathematical equivalence to the well-known uncapacitated plant location problem. We present a Lagrangian dual for obtaining an upper bound and heuristics for obtaining a lower bound on the value of an optimal solution. Our main results are analytical worst-case analyses of these bounds. In particular we show that the relative error of the dual bound and a "greedy" heuristic never exceeds [(K - 1)/K] k
Scalar and tensor polarizabilities for the 1s2s2p 4P0 states of He- and lithium

The differential Stark shift of the 1s2s2p 4P0 states of He- and Li is studied. The scalar and tensor polarizabilities are calculated using a multiconfiguration interaction wavefunction. Polarization to the 4S, 4P and 4D configurations is considered. For He- the scalar polarizability is calculated to be 8169.13 a30 and the tensor polarizability is -4463.5 a30. They are 45.64 and 6.86 a30, respectively, for lithium. The dynamic polarizability is calculated for the frequency range from zero to near the ionization threshold for He- and to the first excitation threshold for lithium.
Acoustical measurement of fish abundance

The theory of echo formation provides formulas relating echo energy to physical characteristics of the target. Single‐target theory (applicable to counting isolated fish) is extended to the multiple‐target case relevant to schooling fish. An echo‐integrator equation relates fish density to echo energy integrated over a time gate corresponding to the depth channel of interest. Parameters include the equivalent beam angle, the expected backscattering cross section per fish, equipment sensitivity, and a time‐varied‐gain correction factor. Variation of environmental factors (sound speed and absorption) affects the parameter values. More important is the variation of biological factors (fish behavior and physiology) which affects backscattering cross section and target strength. Verification of the echo‐integrator equation, depending upon the linearity principle concerning the addition of signals from randomly distributed multiple targets, is discussed in the fisheries context. The swimbladder is the dominant .
An automatic registration method for different temporal remote sensing images based on improved Fourier-Mellin algorithm

Multi-temporal remote sensing image registration is the key step of change detection, and because of the remarkable difference and the probably unknown of sensor parameters, the automatic registration of different temporal remote sensing images is very difficult. Image registration based on Fourier-Mellin transform(FMT) is a global and phase correlation method, which is based on Fourier and Log-polar transform. This method finds the transformation parameters for registration of the images while working in the frequency-domain and it is resilient to noise, occlusions and so on. In this paper, an improved approach based on Fourier-Mellin algorithm is proposed for the registration. Spectrum aliasing and resampling interpolation will bring errors during Fourier-Mellin transform. To get a better registration result, we have improved it by adding window function and filtering to reduce spectrum aliasing and increase the robustness.
Piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects in the KDP-family

Abstract The ferroelectric members of the KDP-family exhibit piezoelectricity in both the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases, and pyroelectricity in the ferroelectric phase. The piezoelectric effect has been studied extensively, both fundamentally and for applications. Its anomalous behavior in the vicinity of the Curie point has been shown to be a direct consequence of the dielectric anomaly. The much-less examined pyroelectric effect has been used for determining spontaneous polarization and studying low-lying optic modes. Most of the piezoelectric data on the KDP-family available in the literature are discussed in this paper.
An Algorithmic Approach to Network Location Problems. II: The p-Medians

It is shown that the problem of finding a p-median of a network is an $NP$-hard problem even when the network has a simple structure (e.g., planar graph of maximum vertex degree 3). However, results leading to efficient algorithms are presented when the network is a tree: In particular, we first show that a 1-median of a tree is identical to its w-centroid, and obtain Goldman’s $O(n)$ algorithm for finding a 1-median of a tree out of more general considerations. Then, we present an algorithm which finds a p-median of a tree (for $p > 1$) in time $O(n^2 \cdot p^2 )$.
Toward an empirical theory of pulsar emission. IV. Geometry of the core emission region

The core-component widths of pulsars with interpulses are studied in an effort to define the geometric properties of the core emission region. The results are then applied to a large population of core-single, triple, and five-component pulsars which all have core components. Core-component widths are intimately related to the polar-cap geometry at the stellar surface. A simple mathematical expression, established through the study of two-pole interpulsars, indicates that the core-component widths depend only upon the pulsar period and alpha, the angle between the rotation and magnetic axes of the star. The relationship can then be used to estimate alpha in any pulsar with a core component. Values of alpha are estimated for about 110 core single (St), triple (T), and five-component (M) pulsars. These results have important implications for the nature of the core radiation process. Core emission appears to come essentially from the stellar surface, filling the entire polar-cap 'gap' region where particle acceleration is thought to take place. 70 refs.
A Kenward-Roger approximation and parametric bootstrap methods for tests in linear mixed models: The R Package pbkrtest

When testing for reduction of the mean value structure in linear mixed models, it is common to use an asymptotic ? 2 test. Such tests can, however, be very poor for small and moderate sample sizes. The pbkrtest package implements two alternatives to such approximate ? 2 tests: The package implements (1) a Kenward-Roger approximation for performing F tests for reduction of the mean structure and (2) parametric bootstrap methods for achieving the same goal. The implementation is focused on linear mixed models with independent residual errors. In addition to describing the methods and aspects of their implementation, the paper also contains several examples and a comparison of the various methods.
Edge-magic total labelings of wheels, fans and friendship graphs

An edge-magic total labeling on a graph with v vertices and e edges will be defined as a one-to-one map taking the vertices and edges onto the integers 1, 2, · · · , v+e with the property that the sum of the label on an edge and the labels of its endpoints is constant independent of the choice of edge. In this paper we give edge-magic total labelings of wheels, fans and friendship graphs.
On the Distribution of Square-Free Numbers

Erdös [1] has shown that, if the square-free numbers in ascending order be denoted by s1, s2, … , sn, … , then for 0 ≦ γ ≦ 2 as x → ∞. In this paper we shall extend this result by proving that the asymptotic formula in fact holds for the wider range 0 ≦ γ ≦ 3. Similar results have been obtained previously by the author in respect of both the sequence of numbers expressible as the sum of two squares and also sequences of numbers relatively prime to given large integers, although the method used here differs from that of the earlier papers [2; 3].
Local State Transition of Feedback Controlled Quantum Systems with Imperfect Detector Efficiency: Part I: Differential Geometric Analysis for Dynamical Systems with Matrix-Valued States

We consider a new class of dynamical systems whose state is represented by a Hermitian matrix motivated by treating quantum control problems. We develop theory and techniques of differential geometric analysis for dynamical systems in that class, where a Lie product of matrix functions is introduced and plays an important role. We provide a simple and coordinate-free calculation method for the Lie product of matrix functions which enables efficient differential geometric analysis. The result of this paper will be used in a follow-up paper on analysis of local state transition of controlled quantum systems under continuous quantum measurement with imperfect detector efficiency.
Cross‐Correlation and Differential Technique Combination to Determine Displacement Fields

Abstract: This study presents a method to measure the displacement fields on the surface of planar objects with sub‐pixel resolution, by combining image correlation with a differential technique. First, a coarse approximation of the pixel level displacement is obtained by cross‐correlation (CC). Two consecutive images, taken before and after the application of a given deformation, are recursively split in sub‐images, and the CC coefficient is used as the similarity measure. Secondly, a fine approximation is performed to assess the sub‐pixel displacements by means of an optical flow method based on a differential technique. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, several numerical tests were carried out on computer‐generated images. Moreover, real images from a static test were also processed for estimating the displacement resolution. The results were compared with those obtained by a commercial digital image correlation code. Both methods showed similar and reliable results according to the proposed tests.
H∞ Reduced Order Control for Nanopositioning: Numerical Implementability

Abstract In this paper we discuss how model reduction affects the stability and computational complexity of controllers for nanopositioning systems. A robust H ∞ multiple-input multiple-output controller is designed and implemented for the lateral stage of an atomic force microscope. A model-based controller can often be of high order and may be difficult to run in real-time on hardware with limited computational power. The resulting controller can be considered to be stiff, which is characterized by a large spread of eigenvalues. Continuous-time systems running in real-time are often solved using explicit Runge-Kutta (ERK) methods, which easily becomes unstable for stiff systems. We show how small the time-step for a given controller needs to be for a selection of ERK methods. We also consider how model reduction affects the computational complexity of the controller, and show how the reduction can alter the placement of the eigenvalues and thus the required step-size for implementability. We demonstrate that the original 18th-order H ∞ controller can be reduced to a 10th-order controller without any significant reduction in performance or stability, which results in a 46.7% reduction in execution time, partly because the order reduction enables the use of a simpler solver type.