Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Code Evolution for Java

Dynamic code evolution allows changes to the behavior of a running program. The program is temporarily suspended, the programmer changes its code, and then the execution continues with the new version of the program. The code of a Java program consists of the definitions of Java classes. This thesis describes a novel algorithm for performing unlimited dynamic class redefinitions in a Java virtual machine. The supported changes include adding and removing fields and methods as well as changes to the class hierarchy. Updates can be performed at any point in time and old versions of currently active methods will continue running. Type safety violations of a change are detected and cause the redefinition to fail gracefully. Additionally, an algorithm for calling deleted methods and accessing deleted static fields improves the behavior in case of inconsistencies between running code and new class definitions. The thesis also presents a programming model for safe dynamic updates and discusses useful update limitations that allow a programmer to reason about the semantic correctness of an update. Specifications of matching code regions between two versions of a method reduce the time old code is running. All algorithms are implemented in Oracle’s Java HotSpot VM. The evaluation shows that the new features do not have a negative impact on the peak performance before or after a dynamic change.
Cyclical consumption

Recessions and expansions are often caused or reinforced by developments in private consumption - the largest component of aggregate demand - which, as a result, varies over the business cycle. As such, an accurate measurement of the cyclical component of consumption and an understanding of its drivers is essential. We estimate US cyclical consumption using a multivariate Beveridge-Nelson decomposition based on a medium-scale Bayesian vector autoregression. The choice of variables included in the analysis is informed by a general savers-spenders model. We compare the predictive power of our multivariate cyclical consumption variable to that of univariate measures such as the recently introduced cc variable by Atanasov et al. (2020). An informational decomposition points to variables related to incomplete markets (precautionary motives and credit constraints) as the main contributors to cyclical consumption. This is conﬁrmed by a causal analysis that attributes between 20% and 40% of cyclical movements in consumption to uncertainty shocks.
Spatial and temporal structures of suspension and transport over megaripples on the shore face

Megaripples of 0.10–0.15 m height and 0.75–0.9 m wavelength occurred under swell wave activity on a macrotidal beach in southern Cornwall, England. Megaripples are relatively common features on the shore face in wave-dominated environments, although their occurrence is not well predicted by bed form models; of the four bed form models examined [Clifton, 1976; Mogridge et al., 1994; Nielsen, 1981; Wiberg and Harris, 1994], only that of Clifton [1976] predicted the formation of megaripples. The average suspended sand concentration profiles (measured using acoustic backscatter) differed considerably, in absolute magnitude and vertical gradient, depending on whether the measurements were made over the crest or trough of the bed form. The temporal structure of the suspension also varied with position relative to the megaripple. Utilizing the motion of the bed form beneath the instruments, patterns of suspension over the megaripple were calculated as a function of the phase of the wave. Sand transport was computed from the cospectra of the suspended concentration with an electromagnetic current meter at 10 cm from the seabed. Transport was dominantly at the infragravity frequencies and was consistently directed offshore, while the transport associated with the swell waves was smaller and varied with position over the megaripple; the motion of the megaripple itself was toward the shore.
Automatic Identification of Self-Admitted Technical Debt from Different Sources

—Technical debt refers to taking shortcuts to achieve short-term goals while sacriﬁcing the maintainability and evolv-ability of software systems. Nowadays, there is a trend that researchers focus on technical debt that is explicitly admitted by developers, namely Self-Admitted Technical Debt or SATD . However, there are no approaches available for automatically identifying SATD from multiple sources. Therefore, we propose and evaluate an approach MT-Text-CNN for SATD identiﬁcation in multiple sources. Our ﬁndings show that our approach outperforms baseline approaches which achieves an average F1-score of 0.611 when detecting four types of SATD (i.e., code/design debt, requirement debt, documentation debt, and test debt) from source code comments, commit messages, pull requests, and issue tracking systems.
Adaptive Duration Modification of Speech using Masked Convolutional Networks and Open-Loop Time Warping

We propose a new method to adaptively modify the rhythm of a given speech signal. We train a masked convolutional encoder-decoder network to generate this attention map via a stochastic version of the mean absolute error loss function. Our model also predicts the length of the target speech signal using the encoder embeddings, which determines the number of time steps for the decoding operation. During testing, we use the learned attention map as a proxy for the frame-wise similarity matrix between the given input speech and an unknown target speech signal. In an open-loop fashion, we compute a warping path for rhythm modiﬁcation. Our experiments demonstrate that this adaptive framework achieves similar performance as the fully supervised dynamic time warping algorithm on both voice conversion and emotion conversion tasks. We also show that the modiﬁed speech utterances achieve high user quality ratings, thus highlighting the practical utility of our method.
Composition and petrology of HED polymict breccias: The regolith of (4) Vesta

We have done petrologic and compositional studies on a suite of polymict eucrites and howardites to better understand regolith processes on their parent asteroid, which we accept is (4) Vesta. Taking into account noble gas results from companion studies, we interpret five howardites to represent breccias assembled from the true regolith: Elephant Moraine (EET) 87513, Grosvenor Mountains (GRO) 95535, GRO 95602, Lewis Cliff (LEW) 85313, and Meteorite Hills (MET) 00423. We suggest that EET 87503 is paired with EET 87513, and thus is also regolithic. Pecora Escarpment (PCA) 02066 is dominated by melt‐matrix clasts, which may have been formed from true regolith by impact melting. These meteorites display a range in eucrite:diogenite mixing ratio from 55:45 to 76:24. There is no correlation between degree of regolith character and Ni content. The Ni contents of howardite, eucrite, and diogenites (HEDs) are mostly controlled by the distribution of coarse chondritic clasts and metal grains, which in some cases resulted from individual, low‐velocity accretion events, rather than extensive regolith gardening. Trace element compositions indicate that the mafic component of HED polymict breccias is mostly basalt similar to main‐group eucrites; Stannern‐trend basaltic debris is less common. Pyroxene compositions show that some trace element‐rich howardites contain abundant debris from evolved basalts, and that cumulate gabbro debris is present in some breccias. The scale of heterogeneity varies considerably; regolithic howardite EET 87513 is more homogeneous than fragmental howardite Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 97001. Individual samples of a given howardite can have different compositions even at roughly 5 g masses, indicating that obtaining representative meteorite compositions requires multiple or large samples.
A DEPOSITIONAL MODEL AND PALEOECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LOWER TORTONIAN DISTALLY STEEPENED RAMP OF MENORCA (BALEARIC ISLANDS, SPAIN)

Abstract In carbonate depositional environments, sediment is mostly produced by different groups of organisms. Ecological parameters, thus, play a major role controlling carbonate production. In the present work, carbonate-producing biota, especially foraminifers, are studied to construct a depositional model and paleoecological interpretation of the lower Tortonian distally steepened ramp of Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). This carbonate platform corresponds to a highstand systems track prograding and aggrading over a Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and, locally, lower Tertiary basement. Outcrops are excellently exposed in the southern part of the island. Five facies associations are observed, which, in downdip direction, correspond to inner ramp, middle ramp, ramp slope, toe of the slope, and outer ramp. Samples have been studied using point counting of 102 thin sections. Six foraminiferal assemblages have been distinguished. Eight microfacies are identified (IR.1, IR.2, MR, URS, LRS, TS.1, TS.2, and OR), based on the abundance and ecological significance of the foraminifers (large benthic foraminifers, epiphytics, low-oxygen indicators, and planktonics) and other carbonate-producing organisms (echinoids, mollusks, barnacles, bryozoans, serpulids, coral genus Porites, and green and red algae). Seagrass meadows in the inner ramp correspond to the euphotic carbonate factory, whereas red algae and large benthic foraminifers dominate the oligophotic carbonate factory in the middle ramp and upper ramp slope. Microfacies composition verified intense sediment-transport processes from inner and middle ramp down to lower ramp slope, toe of the slope, and outer ramp. Finally, microfacies analysis also indicates that carbonate-production took place in warm-water conditions, in oligotrophic-to-mesotrophic waters.
Focus group reflections on the current and future state of cognitive assessment tools in geriatric health care

Objective: This study provides insight into the thoughts and opinions of geriatric health-care professionals toward cognitive assessments and the use of emerging technologies, such as eyetracking, to supplement current tools. Methods: Two focus group sessions were conducted with nurses and physicians who routinely administer neurocognitive assessments to geriatric populations. Video recordings of the focus group sessions were transcribed and a thematic analysis was performed. Results: Participants reported the need for assessment and diagnostic tools that are accessible and efficient, and that are capable of accommodating the rapid growth in the aging population. The prevalence of more complex ailments experienced by older adults has had repercussions in the quality of care that the clients receive, and has contributed to lengthy wait times and resource shortages. Health-care professionals stated that they are hampered by the disjointed structure of the health-care system and that they would benefit from a more efficient allocation of responsibilities made possible through tools that did not require extensive training or certi-fication. Eyetracking-based cognitive assessments were thought to strongly complement this system, yet it was thought that difficulty would be faced in gaining the support and increased uptake by health-care professionals due to the nonintuitive relationship between eyetracking and cognition. Conclusion: The findings suggest that health-care professionals are receptive to the use of eyetracking technology to assess for cognitive health as it would conserve resources by allowing frontline staff to administer assessments with minimal training.
The eigenvalue problem for ice-shelf vibrations: comparison of a full 3-D model with the thin plate approximation

Abstract. Ice-shelf forced vibration modelling is performed using a full 3-D finite-difference elastic model, which also takes into account sub-ice seawater flow. The ocean flow in the cavity is described by the wave equation; therefore, ice-shelf flexures result from hydrostatic pressure perturbations in sub-ice seawater layer. Numerical experiments have been carried out for idealized rectangular and trapezoidal ice-shelf geometries. The ice-plate vibrations are modelled for harmonic ingoing pressure perturbations and for high-frequency spectra of the ocean swells. The spectra show distinct resonance peaks, which demonstrate the ability to model a resonant-like motion in the suitable conditions of forcing. The spectra and ice-shelf deformations obtained by the developed full 3-D model are compared with the spectra and the deformations modelled by the thin-plate Holdsworth and Glynn model (1978). The main resonance peaks and ice-shelf deformations in the corresponding modes, derived by the full 3-D model, are in agreement with the peaks and deformations obtained by the Holdsworth and Glynn model. The relative deviation between the eigenvalues (periodicities) in the two compared models is about 10 %. In addition, the full model allows observation of 3-D effects, for instance, the vertical distribution of the stress components in the plate. In particular, the full model reveals an increase in shear stress, which is neglected in the thin-plate approximation, from the terminus towards the grounding zone with a maximum at the grounding line in the case of the considered high-frequency forcing. Thus, the high-frequency forcing can reinforce the tidal impact on the ice-shelf grounding zone causing an ice fracture therein.
Vegetation, fire and climate history of the Lesser Caucasus: a new Holocene record from Zarishat fen (Armenia)

Vegetation, fire and climate history are investigated in the 10 000‐year record of Zarishat fen located today in the steppe grasslands of Armenia (Near East). Pollen‐based climate quantification provides a reconstruction of seasonal parameters. The development of in‐situ water‐dependant plants and of forests at lower altitude at 8200 cal a BP echoes the shift from an arid and cold [annual precipitation (Pann) = 452 mm; mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCO) = −11.1 °C)] Early Holocene to a more humid and warmer (Pann = 721 mm; MTCO = −6.8 °C) Mid–Late Holocene. This marks the onset of lower seasonality, in particular more effective precipitation brought during late spring by the Westerlies. Paralleling the Mediterranean precipitation pattern, precipitation in the Near East and Central Asia decreased during the Mid–Late Holocene in favour of higher seasonality controlled in winter/spring by the Siberian High. Fire history and sedge‐based fen development record drier phases at approximately 6400, 5300–4900, 3000, 2200–1500 and 400 cal a BP, which resemble the precipitation pattern of the South‐Western Mediterranean and contrast with the Holocene pattern in the South‐Central and South‐Eastern Mediterranean regions. Arid phases in Armenia are believed to be related to multi‐centennial‐scale variation of Westerly activity (North Atlantic Oscillation‐like).
Efstathiou, N., & Ives, J. (2018). Compassionate care during withdrawal of treatment: A secondary analysis of ICU

Background: Withdrawal of treatment is a common practice in intensive care units when treatment is considered futile. Compassion is an important aspect of care; however, it has not been explored much within the context of treatment withdrawal in intensive care units. Objectives: The aim was to examine how concepts of compassion are framed, utilised and communicated by intensive care nurses in the context of treatment withdrawal. Design: The study employed a qualitative approach conducting secondary analysis of an original data set. In the primary study, 13 nurses were recruited from three intensive care units within a large hospital in United Kingdom. Deductive framework analysis was used to analyse the data in relation to compassionate care. Ethical considerations: The primary study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee and the hospital’s Research and Development services. Findings: Compassionate care was mostly directed to the patient’s family and was demonstrated through care and emotional support to the family. It was predominantly expressed through attempts to maintain the patient’s dignity by controlling symptoms, maintaining patient cleanliness and removing technical apparatus. Conclusion: This study’s findings provide insight about compassionate care during treatment withdrawal which could help to understand and develop further clinicians’ roles. Prioritising the family over the patient raised concerns among nurses, who motivated by compassion, may feel justified in taking measures that are in the interests of the family rather than the patient. Further work is needed to explore the ethics of this.
Adequate Inner Bound for Geometric Modeling with Compact Field Functions

Recent advances in implicit surface modeling now provide highly controllable blending effects. These effects rely on the field functions of R 3 → R in which the implicit surfaces are defined. In these fields, there is an outside part in which blending is defined and an inside part. The implicit surface is the interface between these two parts. As recent operators often focus on blending, most efforts have been made on the outer part of field functions and little attention has been paid on the inner part. Yet, the inner fields are important as soon as difference and intersection operators are used. This makes its quality as crucial as the quality of the outside. In this paper, we analyze these shortcomings, and deduce new constraints on field functions such that differences and intersections can be seamlessly applied without introducing discontinuities or field distortions. In particular, we show how to adapt state of the art gradient-based union and blending operators to our new constraints. Our approach enables a precise control of the shape of both the inner or outer field boundaries. We also introduce a new set of asymmetric operators tailored for the modeling of fine details while preserving the integrity of the resulting fields.
The Influence of Market Attractiveness and Unique Capability on Collaboration Strategy and Business Performance: A Study at Digital Creative Industry in Java

The creative industry has been a fundamental part of the digital economy, but its profitability remained low, at less than 25% per year. Therefore, the research aimed to ascertain the impact of market attractiveness and unique capabilities on the collaboration strategy, along with their implications for the business performance of Java’s digital creative sector. The population was digital creative industry players in Java Island which focused on the Games, Education, Digital Music, Animation, Software, and Social Media sectors (GEMASS). The sample taken was 50 respondents from the total population as many as 106 legalized digital creative industry players who had been established for more than 3 years. Data were processed using Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). The findings show that both market attractiveness and unique capability positively and significantly influence collaboration. Market attractiveness has no effect on business performance but has an indirect effect through collaboration strategy. Unique capability positively and significantly affect business performance both directly and indirectly through collaboration strategy. Collaboration strategy positively and significantly affect performance, which is greater than the direct effect of unique capability. Digital creative industry in Java Island are suggested to prioritize the implementation of collaboration strategy that is built with unique capability and consider the market attractiveness.
Snowmelt and runoff assessment of Talas River Basin using remote sensing approach

Transboundary river basins provide inhabitance and water resources to millions of people around the globe and they are a source of dispute among neighbor countries also. This thesis focuses on the snow melt and runoff modeling of a small transboundary river, Talas; using a physically distributed rainfall-runoff model, TOPKAPI-ETH. Investigation on the use of remotely sensed precipitation estimates and MODIS snow cover images shows that they can be a key to model snowmelt and water resources of remote and un-gauged catchments. However the need of observed precipitation data from different regions and elevation zones of the basin is vital in generating the runoff with higher accuracy. Annual runoff prediction strategies from snow cover area is also proposed which can be of great help in efficient management of water resources and hence in resolving conflict between the riparian countries, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
Lunette: A Two-Lander Discovery-Class Geophysics Mission to the Moon

The document “The Scientific Context for the Exploration of the Moon” [1] designated understanding the structure and composition of the lunar interior (to provide fundamental information on the evolution of a differentiated planetary body) as the second highest priority lunar science concept that needed to be addressed. To this end, the Science Mission Directorate formulated the International Lunar Network (ILN) mission concept (web site) that enlisted international partners to enable the establishment of a geophysical network on the lunar surface. NASA would establish the first four “anchor nodes” in the 2018 time frame. These nodes are envisioned to use radioisotope power systems to allow operation of each node for at least 6 years. Each anchor node will contain a seismometer, magnetometer, laser retroreflector, and a heat flow probe [2] and will be distributed across the lunar surface to form a much more widespread network that the Apollo passive seismic, magnetometer, heat flow, and the Apollo and Luna laser retroreflector networks. (Fig. 1). It is planned that the four anchor nodes will be launched on an Atlas 5 launch vehicle and the cost is estimated to exceed that for a New Frontiers mission. What we present here is an alternative to the ILN architecture that will still return the data required to understand the nature of the lunar interior and determine how the Moon evolved.
Effects of Dwarf Mistletoe on Climate Response of Mature Ponderosa Pine Trees

This research examines the influence of western dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium campylopodum) infection on the radial growth response of mature ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa) and its effects on dendroclimatic reconstructions. I hypothesize that trees with mistletoe have lower annual growth rates than uninfected trees, but exhibit higher mean sensitivities and stronger relationships between growth and climate variation. I tested these hypotheses using correlation and regression analyses to compare 100-year crossdated and standardized tree-ring chronologies from 26 infected and 29 uninfected trees. I compared both chronologies to climate variation as measured by changes in total precipitation, minimum, mean, and maximum temperature, and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Results show that trees infected with dwarf mistletoe have higher radial growth rates, exhibit greater sensitivity, and respond more strongly to climate variation. Both infected and uninfected chronologies are significantly correlated with the respective climate variables, but exhibit different patterns. The strongest correlations are between infected trees and PDSI for all months tested; significant correlations between uninfected trees and PDSI are limited to May through December lagged from the previous year. These results suggest mistletoe-infected trees are more sensitive to climatic factors than uninfected trees and may be useful for dendroclimatic analyses.