Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An ERP-Based BCI using an oddball Paradigm with Different Faces and Reduced errors in Critical Functions

Recent research has shown that a new face paradigm is superior to the conventional "flash only" approach that has dominated P300 brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for over 20 years. However, these face paradigms did not study the repetition effects and the stability of evoked event related potentials (ERPs), which would decrease the performance of P300 BCI. In this paper, we explored whether a new "multi-faces (MF)" approach would yield more distinct ERPs than the conventional "single face (SF)" approach. To decrease the repetition effects and evoke large ERPs, we introduced a new stimulus approach called the "MF" approach, which shows different familiar faces randomly. Fifteen subjects participated in runs using this new approach and an established "SF" approach. The result showed that the MF pattern enlarged the N200 and N400 components, evoked stable P300 and N400, and yielded better BCI performance than the SF pattern. The MF pattern can evoke larger N200 and N400 components and more stable P300 and N400, which increase the classification accuracy compared to the face pattern.
Host–Parasite Interactions in Human Malaria: Clinical Implications of Basic Research

The malaria parasite, Plasmodium, is one of the oldest parasites documented to infect humans and has proven particularly hard to eradicate. One of the major hurdles in designing an effective subunit vaccine against the malaria parasite is the insufficient understanding of host–parasite interactions within the human host during infections. The success of the parasite lies in its ability to evade the human immune system and recruit host responses as physiological cues to regulate its life cycle, leading to rapid acclimatization of the parasite to its immediate host environment. Hence understanding the environmental niche of the parasite is crucial in developing strategies to combat this deadly infectious disease. It has been increasingly recognized that interactions between parasite proteins and host factors are essential to establishing infection and virulence at every stage of the parasite life cycle. This review reassesses all of these interactions and discusses their clinical importance in designing therapeutic approaches such as design of novel vaccines. The interactions have been followed from the initial stages of introduction of the parasite under the human dermis until asexual and sexual blood stages which are essential for transmission of malaria. We further classify the interactions as “direct” or “indirect” depending upon their demonstrated ability to mediate direct physical interactions of the parasite with host factors or their indirect manipulation of the host immune system since both forms of interactions are known to have a crucial role during infections. We also discuss the many ways in which this understanding has been taken to the field and the success of these strategies in controlling human malaria.
Light quality regulates flowering in FvFT1/FvTFL1 dependent manner in the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca

Control of flowering in the perennial model, the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), involves distinct molecular mechanisms that result in contrasting photoperiodic flowering responses and growth cycles in different accessions. The F. vesca homolog of TERMINAL FLOWER1 (FvTFL1) functions as a key floral repressor that causes short-day (SD) requirement of flowering and seasonal flowering habit in the SD strawberry. In contrast, perpetual flowering F. vesca accessions lacking functional FvTFL1 show FLOWERING LOCUS T (FvFT1)-dependent early flowering specifically under long-days (LD). We show here that the end-of-day far-red (FR) and blue (B) light activate the expression of FvFT1 and the F. vesca homolog of SUPPRESSOR OF THE OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS (FvSOC1) in both SD and LD strawberries, whereas low expression levels are detected in red (R) and SD treatments. By using transgenic lines, we demonstrate that FvFT1 advances flowering under FR and B treatments compared to R and SD treatments in the LD strawberry, and that FvSOC1 is specifically needed for the B light response. In the SD strawberry, flowering responses to these light quality treatments are reversed due to up-regulation of the floral repressor FvTFL1 in parallel with FvFT1 and FvSOC1. Our data highlights the central role of FvFT1 in the light quality dependent flower induction in the LD strawberry and demonstrates that FvTFL1 reverses not only photoperiodic requirements but also light quality effects on flower induction in the SD strawberry.
KS_JU@DPIL-FIRE2016: Detecting Paraphrases in Indian Languages Using Multinomial Logistic Regression Model

In this work, we describe a system that detects paraphrases in Indian Languages as part of our participation in the shared Task on detecting paraphrases in Indian Languages (DPIL) organized by Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation (FIRE) in 2016. Our paraphrase detection method uses a multinomial logistic regression model trained with a variety of features which are basically lexical and semantic level similarities between two sentences in a pair. The performance of the system has been evaluated against the test set released for the FIRE 2016 shared task on DPIL. Our system achieves the highest f-measure of 0.95 on task1 in Punjabi language.The performance of our system on task1 in Hindi language is f-measure of 0.90. Out of 11 teams participated in the shared task, only four teams participated in all four languages, Hindi, Punjabi, Malayalam and Tamil, but the remaining 7 teams participated in one of the four languages. We also participated in task1 and task2 both for all four Indian Languages. The overall average performance of our system including task1 and task2 overall four languages is F1-score of 0.81 which is the second highest score among the four systems that participated in all four languages.
Recent developments in the management of dry age-related macular degeneration

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), also called geographic atrophy, is characterized by the atrophy of outer retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Dry AMD accounts for 80% of all intermediate and advanced forms of the disease. Although vision loss is mainly due to the neovascular form (75%), dry AMD remains a challenge for ophthalmologists because of the lack of effective therapies. Actual management consists of lifestyle modification, vitamin supplements, and supportive measures in the advanced stages. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study demonstrated a statistically significant protective effect of dietary supplementation of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc, and copper) on dry AMD progression rate. It was also stated that the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, has protective effects. Other antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals (such as crocetin, curcumin, and vitamins B9, B12, and B6) are under evaluation, but the results are still uncertain. New strategies aim to 1) reduce or block drusen formation, 2) reduce or eliminate inflammation, 3) lower the accumulation of toxic by-products from the visual cycle, 4) reduce or eliminate retinal oxidative stress, 5) improve choroidal perfusion, 6) replace/repair or regenerate lost RPE cells and photoreceptors with stem cell therapy, and 7) develop a target gene therapy.
Combined low-frequency ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common conditions in middle-aged and elderly men. The aim of the study was to investigate the treatment effects of low-frequency ultrasound combined with a microbubbles agent on benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS Eighteen 7-year-old male beagles with prostatic hyperplasia were randomly divided into six groups (n=3): Control group, 21 kHz ultrasound group, 21 kHz ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent group, 1 MHz ultrasound group, 1 MHz ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent group, and microbubble contrast agent group. The histopathologic damage to prostate cells was assessed via transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The protein expressions of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and super oxidase dimutase (SOD) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were detected by the Biochemistry Automatic Analyzer. RESULTS Significant tissue injury, mitochondria injury, and cell apoptosis were observed in 21 kHz ultrasound and the microbubble contrast agent group. Compared with the control and microbubbles contrast agent groups, the decrease in levels of PSA or increase in levels of iNOs and SOD in the other four groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The lowest level of PSA and the highest levels of iNOs and SOD were observed in the 21 kHz ultrasound and microbubbles contrast agent group. No significant changes in levels of AST, ALT, BUN, and Cr were observed between the six groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lower frequency ultrasound may have a better effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia, and microbubble contrast agent application further strengthens this biological effect.
Vulnerability of scheduled networks and a generalization of Menger's Theorem

An edge-scheduled network N is a multigraph G = (V, E), where each edge e ϵ E has been assigned two real weights: a start time α(e) and a finish time β(e). Such a multigraph models a communication or transportation network. A multiedge joining vertices u and v represents a direct communication (transportation) link between u and v, and the edges of the multiedge represent potential communications (transportations) between u and v over a fixed period of time. For a, b ϵ V, and k a nonnegative integer, we say that N is k-failure ab-invulnerable for the time period [0, t] if information can be relayed from a to b within that time period, even if up to k edges are deleted, i.e., “fail. ” The k-failure ab-vulnerability threshold νab(k) is the earliest time t such that N is k-failure ab-invulnerable for the time period [0, t] [where νab(k) = ∞ if no such t exists]. Let κ denote the smallest k such that νab(k) = ∞. In this paper, we present an O(κ|E|) algorithm for computing νab(i), i = 0, …, κ −1. The latter algorithm constructs a set of κ pairwise edge-disjoint schedule-conforming paths P0, …, Pκ −1 such that the finish time of Pi is νab(i), i = 0, 1, …, κ −1. (A path P = ae1u1e2 ··· Upp−1epb is schedule-conforming if the finish time of edge ei is no greater than the start time of the next edge ei + 1.) The existence of such paths when α(e) = β(e) = 0, for all e ϵ E, implies Menger's Theorem. In this paper, we also show that the obvious analogs of these results for either multiedge deletions or vertex deletions do not hold. In fact, we show that the problem of finding k schedule-conforming paths such that no two paths pass through the same vertex (multiedge) is NP-complete, even for k = 2. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluating Summarisation Technologies: A Task Oriented Approach

This paper presents a novel task-oriented approach for the evaluation of automatic text summarisation systems. Evaluation of systems has traditionally been a troublesome area in summarisation research. We propose a scheme that evaluates three existing systems by determining their relative effectiveness in an interactive search task, under conditions that approximate the intended use of the systems.
Flow Analysis of an Atmosphere Reentry Vehicle

–The main thrust of the paper is the evaluation of the aero thermodynamic analysis of reentry trajectory. Computational fluid-dynamics results are presented to show the flow field around a blunted cone-flare in hypersonic flow. This is of particularly interest since it features the hypersonic flow around planetary re entry vehicles, the reason between the cone and the flare is particularly critical with respect to the evaluation of the surface heat flux. Indeed, flow separation is induced by the shock wave boundary layer interaction, with subsequent flow re attachment, that can dramatically enhance the surface heat transfer. The exact determination of the extension of the recirculation zone is particularly delicate task for numerical codes. A numerical approach has been adopted to study the flow field that develops around the EXPERTS capsule. Laminar flow computations have been carried out using a full NaviesStokes solver, with free stream condition with two different Mack numbers. Model created in CATIA, and meshing in GHAMBIT 2.4. 6 finally solution is by FLUENT 6.3 solver. Keywords––Re-entry vehicle, Hyper sonic flow, Heat flux, Navies strokes formula, Laminar flow.
S6K1 Phosphorylates and Regulates Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) with the Neuronal Protein Synthesis-dependent Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Cascade*

Fragile X syndrome is a common form of cognitive deficit caused by the functional absence of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a dendritic RNA-binding protein that represses translation of specific messages. Although FMRP is phosphorylated in a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activity-dependent manner following brief protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-mediated dephosphorylation, the kinase regulating FMRP function in neuronal protein synthesis is unclear. Here we identify ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1) as a major FMRP kinase in the mouse hippocampus, finding that activity-dependent phosphorylation of FMRP by S6K1 requires signaling inputs from mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ERK1/2, and PP2A. Further, the loss of hippocampal S6K1 and the subsequent absence of phospho-FMRP mimic FMRP loss in the increased expression of SAPAP3, a synapse-associated FMRP target mRNA. Together these data reveal a S6K1-PP2A signaling module regulating FMRP function and place FMRP phosphorylation in the mGluR-triggered signaling cascade required for protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity.
On the similarities between AS, BSC and PBIL: toward the birth of a new meta-heuristic

One can notice that several work in genetic or ant-based optimization such as the BSC, PBIL or AS, are leading in the same direction. A new metaheuristic is about to appear, which looks for an optimum in a search space by using an explicit vector of probabilities that represents the actual sampling of the space. We introduce a common framework called PSM (Probabilistic Search Meta-heuristic) for describing such meta-heuristics, and we map BSC, PBIL and AS onto this framework. We then highlight the common points and diierences between these three algorithms. We provide an empirical comparison on standard binary functions where we test many diierent parameter values. We conclude on future research directions. 1 Au sujet des ressemblances entre AS, BSC et PBIL : vers la naissance d'une nouvelle m eta-heuristique Mots cl es optimisation, syst eme de fourmis, algorithme g en etique, syst eme a base de population
Structure of the complex of lac repressor headpiece and an 11 base-pair half-operator determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics.

The structure of the complex of lac repressor headpiece and an 11 base-pair lac half-operator has been determined by NMR spectroscopy and restrained Molecular Dynamics calculations. In total 508 distances were derived from two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements, 260 of which are within the headpiece, 212 within the operator and 36 between operator and headpiece. An equilibrium restrained Molecular Dynamics calculation of the complex in aqueous solution, spanning 85 picoseconds, has been used to analyze the structure. Configuration sampling by an annealing procedure has been undertaken as well in order to estimate the precision of the structure determination. Our data confirm the results of previous two-dimensional NMR studies that the orientation of the recognition helix of lac repressor in the major groove of DNA with respect to the operator dyad axis is opposite to the orientation found in complexes of other DNA binding proteins of the helix-turn-helix class. We find a number of tight contacts between the protein and the operator that are in agreement with the available genetic and biochemical data. The anchoring of lac headpiece on the operator is similar to that of other repressors. Other features are unique for lac headpiece: relative few direct hydrogen bonds between side-chains and bases; extensive apolar contacts; many direct and water-bridged contacts to phosphates from residues in or close to the recognition helix. Overall, an interconnected set of interactions is observed, involving base-specific contacts, phosphate contacts, intra-protein and water-bridged hydrogen bonds. Several of these interactions appear to be dynamic, i.e. fluctuating in time, rather than static.
Advances in Tensiometry for Long-term Monitoring of Soil Water Pressures

Soil water pressures, measured over space and time, are needed to predict the direction of water flow and chemical transport in the vadose zone. Advanced tensiometers (ATs), which utilize a water-filled porous cup connected directly to a pressure transducer, can be installed at almost any location and depth using standard drilling techniques such as auger drilling, but these methods can significantly disturb the site. For sites where minimal disturbance is desired, alternate approaches for tensiometer placement have been sought. To test installation techniques and performance longevity, advanced tensiometers were placed into the ground at a test site near Richland, WA using two different installation methods, auger drilling and a drive-cone push technique. The tensiometers were subsequently monitored for nearly 2 yr without refilling or recalibration. The data indicated that tensiometers placed by the auger technique took several months to equilibrate, while the cone push units came to equilibrium within 24 h following their installation. Soil water pressures always remained above -90 cm pressure head (-90 mbar) at depths >90 cm. At the greatest depth (730 cm), positive then negative pressures were observed as the water table was lowered and the soil drained. The results suggest that for our test conditions (coarse sandy soil, no vegetation), soil water pressures stay well within the tensiometer range and unit gradient conditions persist, indicating a draining profile. Advanced tensiometers, placed either by auger or cone penetrometer, provide a robust and reliable method for long-term monitoring of soil water pressure profiles.
Stability of Augmented System Factorizations in Interior-Point Methods

Some implementations of interior-point algorithms obtain their search directions by solving symmetric indefinite systems of linear equations. The conditioning of the coefficient matrices in these so-called augmented systems deteriorates on later iterations, as some of the diagonal elements grow without bound. Despite this apparent difficulty, the steps produced by standard factorization procedures are often accurate enough to allow the interior-point method to converge to high accuracy. When the underlying linear program is nondegenerate, we show that convergence to arbitrarily high accuracy occurs, at a rate that closely approximates the theory. We also explain and demonstrate what happens when the linear program is degenerate, where convergence to acceptable accuracy (but not arbitrarily high accuracy) is usually obtained.
A Wide Locking Range Differential Colpitts Injection Locked Frequency Divider

This letter proposes a new wideband Colpitts injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) and describes the operation principle of the ILFD. The circuit consists of a differential CMOS LC-tank oscillator and a direct injection topology. The divide-by-two ILFD can provide wide locking range, and the measurement results show that at the supply voltage of 2.4 V, the tuning range of the free running ILFD is from 4.46 to 5.6 GHz, about 1.14 GHz, and the locking range of the ILFD is from 8.03 to 11.63 GHz, about 3.6 GHz, at the injection signal power of 0 dBm. The ILFD dissipates 19.92 mW at a supply voltage of 2.4 V and was fabricated in 1P6M 0.18 mum CMOS process. At the tuning voltage of 1.2 V, the measured phase noise of the free running ILFD is -110.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from 4.94 GHz and the phase noise of the locked ILFD is -135.4 dBc/Hz, while the input signal power is -4 dBm.
Coloring curves intersecting a fixed line

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of curves in the plane with the following properties: (1) each member of $\mathcal{F}$ intersects a fixed straight line $L$ in at least one and at most $t$ points, (2) any two members of $\mathcal{F}$ intersect in at most one point, (3) the intersection graph of $\mathcal{F}$ is triangle-free. We prove that the chromatic number $\chi(\mathcal{F})$ of the intersection graph of $\mathcal{F}$ is bounded by a function of $t$. Dependence on $t$ is crucial. It follows easily from the existence of triangle-free segment intersection graphs with arbitrarily large chromatic number that $\chi(\mathcal{F})$ can be arbitrarily large as $t$ grows. It has been conjectured that the intersection graphs of families of curves $\mathcal{F}$ satisfying just condition 1 have chromatic number bounded in terms of $t$ and the clique number, which would generalize the recent result that the class of outerstring graphs is $\chi$-bounded. We also show that it is enough to establish the case $t=2$ in order to prove the conjecture for any $t$.
Current Effects on Nonlinear Interactions of Shallow-Water Waves

This study focuses on the effects of depth-uniform currents on near-resonant triad interactions of gravity waves in shallow water. First, we derive the evolution equations for triad interactions based on Yoon and Liu's equations with a constant water depth and an ambient current. An opposing current increases the magnitude of phase mismatch, resulting in a reduction of the degree of interactions and vice versa for a following current. Second, numerical experiments on harmonic generation and nonlinear shoaling of shallow-water waves with opposing and following currents are given by the use of an enhanced Boussinesq model with higher dispersion accuracy for wave/current interaction. The numerical model predictions that are in good agreement with the physical experiment data in the absence of ambient currents serve as a benchmark to reveal the current effects on nonlinear interactions of shallow-water waves. Although an opposing current increases wave heights, it actually reduces the Ursell number, beat-leng.
Reliability-Driven Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling for Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems

This paper proposes a reliability-driven task scheduling scheme for multiprocessor real-time embedded systems that optimizes system energy consumption under stochastic fault occurrences. The task scheduling problem is formulated as an integer linear program where a novel fault adaptation variable is introduced to model the uncertainties of fault occurrences. The proposed scheme, which considers both the dynamic power and the leakage power, is able to handle the scheduling of independent tasks and tasks with precedence constraints, and is capable of scheduling tasks with varying deadlines. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed reliability-driven parallel scheduling scheme achieves energy savings of more than 15% when compared to the approach of designing for the corner case of fault occurrences.