Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Coarse Scales Sufficient for Fast Detection of Visual Threat?

It has recently been suggested that low-spatial-frequency information would provide rapid visual cues to the amygdala for basic but ultrarapid behavioral responses to dangerous stimuli. The present behavioral study investigated the role of different spatial-frequency channels in visually detecting dangerous stimuli belonging to living or nonliving categories. Subjects were engaged in a visual detection task involving dangerous stimuli, and subjects’ behavioral responses were assessed in association with their fear expectations (induced by an aversive 90-dB white noise). Our results showed that, despite its crudeness, low-spatial-frequency information could constitute a sufficient signal for fast recognition of visual danger in a context of fear expectation. In addition, we found that this effect tended to be specific for living entities. These results were obtained despite a strong perceptual bias toward faster recognition of high-spatial-frequency stimuli under supraliminal perception durations.
Diabetic Glucose Control: Matching Plasma Insulin Concentration to Dietary and Stress Hyperglycemia

Optimal management of the diabetic patient includes normalization of plasma glucose concentration. Attainment of this goal is difficult because both food and stress result in acute elevations of blood glucose that cannot be matched with a single subcutaneous injection of NPH insulin. This paper examines the currently available methods for delivery of insulin to the diabetic subject and the degree of metabolic control attained. It suggests that optimal diabetic control will be achieved only when newer methods of insulin delivery are available to the clinician that match plasma insulin requirements to the simultaneous plasma glucose concentration.
Separation of MR multiband images using complex independent component analysis CS 229 Final Report

1 Separation of MR multiband images using complex independent component analysis CS229 Final Report Yuxin Hu, Minda Deng, Haiyu Lu Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Department of Physics, Stanford University. Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a powerful medical imaging modality widely used in clinical practice. However, one of the problems of MRI is that each image requires a long scan time, especially for 3D imaging. A popular solution to this problem is “controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration” (CAIPIRINHA) in which the images of different slices are acquired simultaneously. Therefore, the resulting image is a mixture of the real space images. A traditional way of separating images from CAIPIRINHA is parallel imaging but this method requires additional information and time. In this paper, we applied complex-valued independent component analysis (ICA) to reconstruct images, which requires no additional information. Because the linear mixture matrix is pixel dependent, images were separated into blocks. To resolve the order and amplitude ambiguities, the adjacent blocks were partially overlapped. Finally, the separated blocks were recombined using a region-growing like method.
An Investigation of Signal Processors for Recognition of Telephone Speech

Currently, in uncorrupted acoustic environments, a state-of-the-art, continuous speech, 5000word vocabulary speech recognizer can achieve a recognition accuracy of 95%. In a telephone channel acoustic environment, the same recognition system can double in error rate, which is unacceptable for most applications. It is the goal of this project to quantitatively measure how well a speech recognition system recognizes natural number utterances (e.g. \four thousand lira") over a telephone line. The performance of recognizers will be quanti ed using word error, which is a measure of the di erence between the actual transcription of a speech waveform and its recognized transcription. This project will compare two signal processing algorithms used in recognition of telephone speech. One standard, widely accepted signal processing algorithm, cepstral mean subtraction, motivated by computational e ciency and high performance, was evaluated. Another newer signal processing algorithm, RASTA, motivated primarily by auditory physiology was compared to cepstral mean subtraction in terms of word error. The two algorithms performed comparably in tests. CMS produced a 22% word error and RASTA produced a 25% word error on this di cult task. This project is signi cant from a biomedical point of view because telephone speech recognizers can be used to aid the handicapped. For example, the deaf could use a speech recognition system to aid them in their telephone communication with hearing people.
Unsupervised speaker segmentation of telephone conversations

A process for segmenting 2-speaker telephone conversations by speaker with no prior speaker models is described and evaluated. The process consists of an initial segmentation using acoustic change and pause detection, segment clustering, and iterative modeling of segment clusters and resegmentation. The technique has been evaluated on 6, approximately 3 min long, customer care conversations. The technique does not resolve short ( 2 secs) or overlapping segments very well, but is capable of detecting longer segments ( 4 secs) with miss rates of the order of 10% and confusion rates 2% or less.
Spectrin/Actin Complex Isolated from Sheep Erythrocytes Accelerates Actin Polymerization by Simple Nucleation EVIDENCE FOR OLIGOMERIC ACTIN IN THE ERYTHROCYTE CYTOSKELETON*

A complex of spectrin and actin, isolated from sheep erythrocyte ghosts, accelerates the polymerization of actin in buffer containing 0.3 m~ MgC12. The rate of actin polymerization is similarly increased by sonicated F-actin nuclei. At steady state, the critical con- centration of actin is lower when polymerization occurs in the presence of spectrin/actin complex than in its absence. Polymerization of actin in the presence of spectrin/actin complex is inhibited by substoichiome- tric concentrations of cytochalasin D, which is thought to block the net polymerizing ends of growing actin filaments (Brenner, S. L., and Korn, E. D. (1979) J. Biol. Chem 254, 9982-9985), in the same way that cytocha- lasin D inhibits actin polymerization in the absence of complex. However, actin filaments formed in the pres- ence of complex are more stable to cytochalasin D added after polymerization has occurred than are fila- ments formed in the absence of complex. We conclude from these data that spectrin/actin complex acceler- ates actin polymerization by simple nucleation and, therefore, that the complex consists of short actin oli- gomers cross-linked by spectrin tetramers (Brenner, S. L., and E. D. (1979) J. Chem
Implant surface treatments affect gene expression of Runx2, osteogenic key marker

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The aim of this study was to study the effects of various surface treatments to a titanium surface on the expression of Runx2 in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human Osteosarcoma TE-85 cells were cultured on machined, sandblasted, or anodic oxidized cpTi discs. At various times of incubation, the cells were collected and then processed for the analysis of mRNA expression of Runx2 using reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS The expression pattern of Runx2 mRNA was differed according to the types of surface treatment. When the cells were cultured on the untreated control culture plates, the gene expression of Runx2 was not increased during the experiments. In the case of that the cells were cultured on the machined cpTI discs, the expression level was intermediate at the first day, but increased constitutively to day 5. In cells on sandblasted cpTi discs, the expression level was highest in the first day sample and the level was maintained to 5 days. In cells on anodized cpTi discs, the expression level increased rapidly to 3 days, but decreased slightly in the 5-th day sample. CONCLUSION Different surface treatments may contribute to the regulation of osteoblast function by influencing the level of gene expression of key osteogenic factors.
FORMANDO OS BONS TRABALHADORES: OS PRIMEIROS GRUPOS ESCOLARES EM JUIZ DE FORA, MINAS GERAIS.

A implementacao dos Grupos Escolares, em 1907, na cidade de Juiz de Fora, no estado de Minas Gerais, constitui o novo espaco escolar da cidade, criado a luz da Reforma Educacional proposta para Minas Gerais em 1906. A sua instalacao e resultado das aspiracoes culturais e das liderancas politicas, que se tornaram importantes fatores na conjugacao das relacoes de poder economico e politico entre a esfera municipal e estadual. Para tanto, o texto aponta a importância da instalacao do Grupos Escolares estaduais, enquanto local de educacao para os filhos da classe pobre, que vieram ajudar a complementar o projeto educacional ja existente na cidade, o qual assegurava, ate entao, somente a educacao dos filhos da elite industrial.
Semantic Data De-duplication for archival storage systems

In archival storage systems, there is a huge amount of duplicate data or redundant data, which occupy significant extra equipments and power consumptions, largely lowering down resources utilization (such as the network bandwidth and storage) and imposing extra burden on management as the scale increases. So data de-duplication, the goal of which is to minimize the duplicate data in the inter-file level, has been receiving broad attention both in academic and industry in recent years. In this paper, semantic data de-duplication (SDD) is proposed, which makes use of the semantic information in the I/O path (such as file type, file format, application hints and filesystem metadata) of the archival files to direct the dividing a file into semantic chunks (SC). While the main goal of SDD is to maximally reduce the inter-file level duplications, directly storing variable SCes into disks will result in a lot of fragments and involve a high percentage of random disk accesses, which is very inefficient. So an efficient data storage scheme is also designed and implemented: SCes are further packaged into fixed sized Objects, which are actually the storage units in the storage devices, so as to speed up the I/O performance as well as ease the data management. Primary experiments have demonstrated that SDD can further reduce the storage space compared with current methods (from 20% to near 50% according to different datasets), and largely improves the writing performance (about 50%-70% in average).
Furnishing the Mind: Concepts and Their Perceptual Basis

Western philosophy has long been divided between empiricists, who argue that human understanding has its basis in experience, and rationalists, who argue that reason is the source of knowledge. A central issue in the debate is the nature of concepts, the internal representations we use to think about the world. The traditional empiricist thesis that concepts are built up from sensory input has fallen out of favor. Mainstream cognitive science tends to echo the rationalist tradition, with its emphasis on innateness. In Furnishing the Mind, Jesse Prinz attempts to swing the pendulum back toward empiricism. Prinz provides a critical survey of leading theories of concepts, including imagism, definitionism, prototype theory, exemplar theory, the theory theory, and informational atomism. He sets forth a new defense of concept empiricism that draws on philosophy, neuroscience, and psychology and introduces a new version of concept empiricism called proxytype theory. He also provides accounts of abstract concepts, intentionality, narrow content, and concept combination. In an extended discussion of innateness, he covers Noam Chomsky's arguments for the innateness of grammar, developmental psychologists' arguments for innate cognitive domains, and Jerry Fodor's argument for radical concept nativism.
Convexity-Based Visual Camouflage Breaking

Camouflage is frequently used by animals and humans (usually for military purposes) in order to conceal objects from visual surveillance or inspection. Most camouflage methods are based on superposing multiple edges on the object that is supposed to be hidden, such that its familiar contours and texture are masked. In this work, we present an operator, Darg, that is applied directly to the intensity image in order to detect 3D smooth convex (or equivalently: concave) objects. The operator maximally responds to a local intensity configuration that corresponds to curved 3D objects, and thus, is used to detect curved objects on a relatively flat background, regardless of image edges, contours, and texture. In that regard, we show that a typical camouflage found in some animal species seems to be a “counter measure” taken against detection that might be based on our method. Detection by Darg is shown to be very robust, from both theoretic considerations and practical examples of real-life images. As a part of the camouflage breaking demonstration, Darg, which is non-edge-based, is compared with a representative edge-based operator. Better performance is maintained by Darg for both animal and military camouflage breaking.
Pollen Profilin Function Depends on Interaction with Proline-Rich Motifs

The actin binding protein profilin has dramatic effects on actin polymerization in vitro and in living cells. Plants have large multigene families encoding profilins, and many cells or tissues can express multiple profilin isoforms. Recently, we characterized several profilin isoforms from maize pollen for their ability to alter cytoarchitecture when microinjected into living plant cells and for their association with poly-l-proline and monomeric actin from maize pollen. In this study, we characterize a new profilin isoform from maize, which has been designated ZmPRO4, that is expressed predominantly in endosperm but is also found at low levels in all tissues examined, including mature and germinated pollen. The affinity of ZmPRO4 for monomeric actin, which was measured by two independent methods, is similar to that of the three profilin isoforms previously identified in pollen. In contrast, the affinity of ZmPRO4 for poly-l-proline is nearly twofold higher than that of native pollen profilin and the other recombinant profilin isoforms. When ZmPRO4 was microinjected into plant cells, the effect on actin-dependent nuclear position was significantly more rapid than that of another pollen profilin isoform, ZmPRO1. A gain-of-function mutant (ZmPRO1-Y6F) was created and found to enhance poly-l-proline binding activity and to disrupt cytoarchitecture as effectively as ZmPRO4. In this study, we demonstrate that profilin isoforms expressed in a single cell can have different effects on actin in living cells and that the poly-l-proline binding function of profilin may have important consequences for the regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics in plant cells.
Outside of the Self: Subjectivity, the Allure of Transcendence, and Jazz Historiography

This article explores and critiques the place of "transcendence" as a political object in jazz historiographical writing. More specifically, I seek to introduce what it is about "transcendence" itself that makes it such a powerful meme for musicians and listeners alike, to trace the impact this word has had on our ideas about jazz since the mid-20th century. My brief critique will unfold in three parts. First, I trace the emergence of ideas about transcendence in jazz writing, leading up to popular contemporary takes (i.e. Ken Burns) on the "transcendental improvising subject" and various critiques of that subject position. Second, I unpack a tertiary discourse in Western philosophy from Kierkegaard to Adorno that links together transcendence and embodiment in a way that questions the viability of transcendence's political role in the jazz canon. Third, I posit a brief case from Michael Titlestad's work on South African jazz as an example of the potential for everyday subjective trauma within which the aforementioned constructions of transcendence are potentially imbricated.
Adaptive Leader Selection based on Influential Individuals

As the development of technology, the demand of operating UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in group grows larger. In the operation of group UAVs, it is important that who the leaders should be and who the followers will be. We use multi agent technique to this problem. This study proposes the mechanism of leader selection based on influence of an agent to its neighbors' movement. The influence value can be calculated by the forces from neighborhood agents. In the proposed method, the leaders are selected dynamically and adaptively. Simple computer simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.
Adalimumab elicits a restricted anti-idiotypic antibody response in autoimmune patients resulting in functional neutralization

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Different efficiency of mercurascan in allograft survival prolongation in male and female mice.

The efficiency of mercurascan on prolongation of skin allograft survival was found to depend on the sex of experimental animals. Long-term treatment of the recipients by MSC in the mouse strain combination B10--B10.LP (donor X recipient, difference in non-H-2 loci) was more efficient in females than in males. The immunosuppressive effect of MSC was weak. MSC had no effect on the survival time of skin or heart allografts in a strain combination with limited H-2 differences [B10.D2--M(504)]. The effect of MSC on the cell membrane was followed in vitro by measurement of the rate of H-2 antigen redistribution on lymphoid cells of animals treated in vivo by MSC. The rate of redistribution on lymphoid cells from MSC-treated females was decreased; no effect was observed in the case of cells from treated males.
Evaluation of liver regeneration by modulation with ischemic preconditioning after ischemia and reperfusion and partial hepatectomy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate liver regeneration modulated by ischemic preconditioning after ischemia, reperfusion and partial hepatectomy. METHODS We used 24 Wistar rats of 12 weeks of age, which were randomly assigned into four groups: control (SHAM), hepatectomy (HEP), ischemia and reperfusion (IRG) and Ischemic Preconditioning (SRG). Analyses were made on liver enzymes ALT and AST, assessment of regeneration through the initial and final weight of the liver and the proliferation of hepatocytes by immunohistochemical analysis with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). RESULTS In all groups there was liver regeneration, with no statistically significant difference between them. There were significant differences in ALT and AST between groups HEP and SHAM, PRE and GIR, GIR and SHAM and PRE and SHAM (p <0.05). There were also significant differences in the PCNA labeling of the SHAM group as compared to other groups (p <0.05). CONCLUSION The ischemic preconditioning decreased liver injury, but did not influence the regeneration up to 48 hours.
Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought

The first classic of 21st-century anthropology. "--John Tooby and Leda Cosmides, University of California, Santa Barbara. Many of our questions about religion, says renowned anthropologist Pascal Boyer, are no longer mysteries. We are beginning to know how to answer questions such as "Why do people have religion? " Using findings from anthropology, cognitive science, linguistics, and evolutionary biology, Religion Explained shows how this aspect of human consciousness is increasingly admissible to coherent, naturalistic explanation. This brilliant and controversial book gives readers the first scientific explanation for what religious feeling is really about, what it consists of, and where it comes from.
Exercise Pathophysiology in Patients With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension

Background— Patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) have a pulmonary vasculopathy that leads to exercise intolerance due to dyspnea and fatigue. To better understand the basis of the exercise limitation in patients with PPH, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with gas exchange measurements, New York Heart Association (NYHA) symptom class, and resting pulmonary hemodynamics were studied. Methods and Results— We retrospectively evaluated 53 PPH patients who had right heart catheterization and cycle ergometer CPET studies to maximum tolerance as part of their clinical workups. No adverse events occurred during CPET. Reductions in peak O2 uptake (&OV0312;o2), anaerobic threshold, peak O2 pulse, rate of increase in &OV0312;o2, and ventilatory efficiency were consistently found. NYHA class correlated well with the above parameters of aerobic function and ventilatory efficiency but less well with resting pulmonary hemodynamics. Conclusions— Patients with PPH can safely undergo noninvasive cycle ergometer CPET to their maximal tolerance. The CPET abnormalities were consistent and characteristic and correlated well with NYHA class.
Implementation of the Diffusion Algorithmic Skeleton with the BSML LIB Library

Skeleton programming enables programmers to build parallel programs easier by providing efficient ready-made parallel algorithms. The diffusion skeleton was proposed (associated with a method for program derivation) to abstract a good combination of primitive skeletons, such as map, parallel reduction and parallel prefix sum (scan). The BSMLLIB library whose design is based on formal semantics is a library for the Objective Caml language to support Bulk Synchronous Parallelism. It offers a small set of primitives which permits to write any deterministic BSP algorithm. In this paper we study the implementation of the diffusion parallel skeleton using the BSMLLIB library in a tutorial way.
Improving Human-Reviews Interaction: A Study of the Role, Use, and Place of Online Reviews

The use and benefits of online reviews are undeniable, yet the interaction means available for buyers when consulting reviews remain limited. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the role and use of online reviews, presenting a set of design ideas for designing user interfaces that better support online buyers in consulting reviews. Drawing on interviews with active online review users, we describe the main role reviews play in their purchase decisions online and offline, the strategies they use for making sense of the ever growing number of reviews, and the characteristics they associate with a usable online review. We present the relevant characteristics of a reviewer's portrait, and identify the role online reviews play in the broader landscape of e-commerce together with other similar tools such as forums or product specifications.