Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Striatal and Hippocampal Involvement in Motor Sequence Chunking Depends on the Learning Strategy

Motor sequences can be learned using an incremental approach by starting with a few elements and then adding more as training evolves (e.g., learning a piano piece); conversely, one can use a global approach and practice the whole sequence in every training session (e.g., shifting gears in an automobile). Yet, the neural correlates associated with such learning strategies in motor sequence learning remain largely unexplored to date. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the cerebral activity of individuals executing the same 8-element sequence after they completed a 4-days training regimen (2 sessions each day) following either a global or incremental strategy. A network comprised of striatal and fronto-parietal regions was engaged significantly regardless of the learning strategy, whereas the global training regimen led to additional cerebellar and temporal lobe recruitment. Analysis of chunking/grouping of sequence elements revealed a common prefrontal network in both conditions during the chunk initiation phase, whereas execution of chunk cores led to higher mediotemporal activity (involving the hippocampus) after global than incremental training. The novelty of our results relate to the recruitment of mediotemporal regions conditional of the learning strategy. Thus, the present findings may have clinical implications suggesting that the ability of patients with lesions to the medial temporal lobe to learn and consolidate new motor sequences may benefit from using an incremental strategy.
CBCT imaging of extensive nasopalatine duct cyst :Case report

The nasopalatine duct cyst (incisive canal cyst) (NPDC) is the most common non-odontogenic cyst in the oral cacity, occuring approximately 1% of the population. It is an uncommon condition that generally occurs in the maxillofacial bones. This lesion may be clinically silent for years without any symptoms. On examination, painless swelling, which was tender and fluctuant, was confirmed in the midline of his anterior hard palate. The overlying mucosa appeared normal in color. We performed CBCT to better identify lesion.This case demonstrates the typical clinical and radiographical features of a NPDC. CBCT can provide high-resolution images, short scanning time, and reduced radiation dose. CBCT therefore provides the opportunity for multiplanar imaging and three-dimensional (3D) information.
Pharmacologic Characterization of Intrinsic Mechanisms Controlling Tone and Relaxation of Porcine Lower Esophageal Sphincter

The neurotransmitters mediating relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were studied using circular LES strips from adult pigs in organ baths. LES relaxation by sodium nitroprusside (1 nM–3 μM), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP; 1 nM–1 μM), ATP (10 μM–30 mM), and tricarbonyldichlororuthenum dimer (1 μM–1 mM) was unaffected by tetrodotoxin (1 μM) or l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 100 μM). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 1 nM–1 μM) did not affect LES tone. ATP relaxation was blocked by 1 μM apamin and the P2Y1 antagonist MRS 2179 (N6-methyl 2′-deoxyadenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate; 10 μM). Apamin inhibited PACAP relaxation. VIP and PACAP relaxation was blocked by 10 U/ml α-chymotrypsin. l-NAME (–62.52 ± 13.13%) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 μM, –67.67 ± 6.80%) similarly inhibited electrical LES relaxation, and apamin blocked non-nitrergic relaxation. Nicotine relaxation (100 μM) was inhibited by l-NAME (–60.37 ± 10.8%) and ODQ (–41.90 ± 7.89%), and apamin also blocked non-nitrergic relaxation. Non-nitrergic and apamin-sensitive LES relaxation by electrical stimulation or nicotine was strongly inhibited by MRS 2179, slightly inhibited by α-chymotrypsin and the P2X1,2,3 receptor antagonist NF 279 (8,8¢-[carbonylbis(imino-4,1-phenylenecarbonylimino-4,1-phenylenecarbonylimino)]bis-1,3,5-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid hexasodium salt; 10 μM), and unaffected by tin protoporphyrin IX (100 μM). Porcine LES relaxation after stimulation of intrinsic inhibitory motor neurons is mediated by two main neuromuscular pathways: nitric oxide through guanylate cyclase signaling and apamin-insensitive mechanisms and by non-nitrergic apamin-sensitive neurotransmission mainly mediated by ATP, ADP, or a related purine acting on P2Y1 receptors and a minor contribution of purinergic P2X1,2,3 receptors and PACAP. Nitrergic and purinergic co-transmitters show parallel effects of similar magnitude without major interplay. Our study shows no role for CGRP and only a minor one for VIP and carbon monoxide in porcine LES relaxation.
Biomarkers for detecting and risk-stratifying chronic kidney disease.

tive. At this time, the real value of whole-genome sequencing will be for unusual cases like this one, or for AML patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetic studies, for whom the decision to transplant in first remission is now being honed by an ever more complex clinical diagnostic testing algorithm. Whole-genome sequencing may well play a role in the care of these patients in the near future. Lo-Coco and Sanz also suggest that PML antibody staining could have been used as an alternative diagnostic tool for suspected APL. Although this study could be helpful in selected cases, it is not generally available in the United States as a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments– approved diagnostic test. Further, it would not have resolved the molecular mechanism causing APL in a patient without a detectable t(15;17). Only whole-genome sequencing allowed us to define the precise structure of the genomic event that created the patient’s insertional PML-RARA fusion. The identification of this insertional fusion has allowed for the generation of new fluorescence in situ hybridization probes that will aid in the diagnosis of unusual APL cases like this one in the future.
Particle Swarms with dynamic ring topology

Particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is a recently proposed population-based evolutionary algorithm, which exhibits good performance in many fields, and now itpsilas becoming more and more popular due to its strong global optimization capability and simple implementation. To achieve better performance, some variants investigated the utilization of different topologies in PSO. However, particles are only ldquoconceptuallyrdquo connected in the topology, and the neighborhoods of a certain particle never change (i.e. the neighborhood structure is fixed). In this paper, we propose a dynamically changing ring topology, in which particles are connected unidirectionally with respect to their personal best fitness. Meanwhile, two strategies, namely the ldquolearn from far and better onesrdquo strategy and the ldquocentroid of massrdquo strategy are used to enable certain particle to communicate with its neighbors. Experimental results on six benchmarks functions validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Virologic suppression in nevirapine-exposed HIV-infected infants initiating antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda.

We measured virologic suppression among 34 nevirapine (NVP)-exposed HIV-infected children with median age of 8.6 months (range: 3.2-19.9) initiating NVP-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural Uganda. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cumulative probability of virologic suppression, defined as having two consecutive HIV-1 RNA <400 copies ml(-1) by 18 months was 56%. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling, the following pre-ART measurements were independently associated with an increased probability of viral suppression: increasing age [hazard ratio (HR) =1.28 per 1 month increase in age, p = 0.002], lower viral load (HR = 3.54 for HIV RNA > 7 50 000 copies ml(-1), p = 0.03) and high CD4% (HR = 6.0 for CD4% > 25, p = 0.003). These results lend additional support to the 2010 World Health Organization recommendations that protease inhibitors be used to treat NVP-exposed children, but that NVP-based ART should be initiated before the decline of CD4% to optimize outcomes in NVP-exposed children when protease inhibitors are not available.
Proteomic analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis exposed to nicotine and cotinine.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Smokers are more predisposed than nonsmokers to infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the most important pathogens involved in the onset and development of periodontitis. It has also been observed that tobacco, and tobacco derivatives such as nicotine and cotinine, can induce modifications to P. gingivalis virulence. However, the effect of the major compounds derived from cigarettes on expression of protein by P. gingivalis is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of nicotine and cotinine on the P. gingivalis proteomic profile. MATERIAL AND METHODS Total proteins of P. gingivalis exposed to nicotine and cotinine were extracted and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins differentially expressed were successfully identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and primary sequence databases using MASCOT search engine, and gene ontology was carried out using DAVID tools. RESULTS Of the approximately 410 protein spots that were reproducibly detected on each gel, 23 were differentially expressed in at least one of the treatments. A particular increase was seen in proteins involved in metabolism, virulence and acquisition of peptides, protein synthesis and folding, transcription and oxidative stress. Few proteins showed significant decreases in expression; those that did are involved in cell envelope biosynthesis and proteolysis and also in metabolism. CONCLUSION Our results characterized the changes in the proteome of P. gingivalis following exposure to nicotine and cotinine, suggesting that these substances may modulate, with minor changes, protein expression. The present study is, in part, a step toward understanding the potential smoke-pathogen interaction that may occur in smokers with periodontitis.
Autonomous Forest Fire Detection

Forest fire detection is a very important issue in the pre-suppression process. Timely detection allows the suppression units to reach the fire in its initial stages and this will reduce the suppression costs considerably. The autonomous forest fire detection principle is based on temporal contrast differences with the natural background and spatial characteristics of the smoke plume. The images are obtained from multiple staring black and white video cameras installed on a small platform in a tower. To reduce the bandwidth of the needed communication link with the operational centre, all processing is performed locally at the tower, The detection algorithm sends alarm messages with the co-ordinates of the location of the fire automatically and on request images or system status are sent.
Sexual victimization in the history of sexual abusers: A review

The present paper reviews the empirical literature on the proportion of child sexual abusers who were themselves sexually victimized as children. While findings in individual studies ranged between 0% and 67%, on average about 28% of the offenders reported being sexually victimized as children. This rate is higher than the base rate for community samples of non-offending males (about 10%), but is similar to the rates found in other sexual or non-sexual offender populations. The relationship between childhood sexual victimization and sexually abusing children as an adult does not appear to be specific; rather, it is probable that many forms of childhood maltreatment can lead to many forms of behavioral and psychological problems in adulthood.
DATA DISSEMINATION TO REGULATE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC USING HVRP IN URBAN MOBILITY MODEL

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is to enable the dissemination of data for road conditions and emergency situations by independently moving vehicles. This problem can be described as the directional propagation of information originating from linear-network nodes. By using Bidirectional antennas, it is desirable to propagate information in both the forward and backward directions without any congestion. By using multi-hop routing in clusters of connected vehicles to achieve a better propagation rate that exceeds the speeds of individual carrier vehicles. We introduce a new technique for information propagation under various traffic patterns to achieve the better bounds than the existing ones. In order to evaluate the performance of typical ad hoc routing protocols in particular, we used Hybrid Vanet Routing Protocol (HVRP). In our technique the combination static and dynamic sources for both data traffic and vehicle traffic. In order to illustrate the feasibility of HVRP, it is implemented and compared with the existing routing protocols by using NS-2 simulator.
Pupils' perceptions of setting and beyond—a response to Hallam and Ireson

This article examines the important data on pupils' perceptions of setting and mixed-ability classes in 45 comprehensive schools in England collected by Hallam and Ireson. It is argued that the finding that most pupils prefer setting to mixed-ability classes requires closer scrutiny and more careful interpretation. The conclusion that such preferences are because setting matches pupils' needs to their abilities is not compelling. Pupils' perceptions may be a product of transmitted ideology and wider cultural and organisational factors inside and outside school. Moreover, it is not clear what the implications of Hallam and Ireson's data on mixed-ability classes are for mixed-ability teaching. While, Hallam and Ireson propose more differentiated teaching and learning in mixed-ability classes, this article contends that their data could be interpreted to imply just the opposite. Finally, the implications of their data for the debate about the nature of comprehensive education in Britain are considered.
Prototype formation of faces: A case of pseudo-memory

A series of Identikit faces were composed in which the features of hair, eyes, nose plus chin, and mouth were varied systematically. These faces were shown to subjects who later were asked to evaluate some of the original faces, some new faces, and a prototype face which was a new face embodying the features most frequently contained in the original series. Subjects misidentified the prototype face with high confidence as a formerly seen face. These findings were repeated in a second experiment in which the evaluation was delayed six weeks. The results were discussed in terms of prototype and schema theory.
Vehicular Air Pollution, Playgrounds, and Youth Athletic Fields

In spite of epidemiological evidence concerning vehicular air pollution and adverse respiratory/cardiovascular health, many athletic fields and school playgrounds are adjacent to high traffic roadways and could present long-term health risks for exercising children and young adults. Particulate matter (PM1,0.02–1.0 μm diameter) number counts were taken serially at four elementary school athletic/playground fields and at one university soccer field. Elementary school PM1 measurements were taken over 17 days; measurements at the university soccer field were taken over 62 days. The high-traffic-location elementary school field demonstrated higher 17-day [PM1] than the moderate and 2 low traffic elementary school fields (48,890 ± 34,260, 16,730 ± 10,550, 11,960 ± 6680, 10,030 ± 6280, respective mean counts; p < .05). The 62-day mean PM1 values at the university soccer field ranged from 115,000 to 134,000 particles cm− 3. Lowest mean values were recorded at measurement sites furthest from the highway (∼34,000 particles cm− 3) and followed a second-order logarithmic decay (R2 = .999) with distance away from the highway. Mean NO2 and SO2 levels were below 100 ppb, mean CO was 0.33 ± 1.87 ppm, and mean O3 was 106 ± 47 ppb. Ozone increased with rising temperature and was highest in the warmer afternoon hours (R = .61). Although the consequence of daily recess play and athletic activities by school children and young athletes in high ambient [PM1] conditions has not yet been clearly defined, this study is a critical component to evaluating functional effects of chronic combustion-derived PM exposure on these exercising schoolchildren and young adults. Future studies should examine threshold limits and mechanistic actions of real-world particle exposure.
Two Forms of Implicit Learning in Young Adults with Dyslexia

Implicit learning is thought to underlie the acquisition of many skills including reading. Previous research has shown that some forms of implicit learning are reduced in individuals with dyslexia (e.g., sequence learning), whereas other forms are spared (e.g., spatial context learning). However, it has been proposed that dyslexia‐related motor dysfunction may have contributed to the implicit sequence learning deficits reported earlier. To assess implicit sequence learning in the absence of a motor sequence, 16 young adults diagnosed with dyslexia (20.6 ± 1.5 years) and 18 healthy controls (20.8 ± 2.0 years) completed a triplet frequency learning task (TRIP) that involved learning a sequential regularity in which the location of certain events followed a repeating pattern, but motor responses did not. Participants also completed the spatial contextual cueing task (SCCT), which involved learning a spatial regularity in which the location of distractors in some visual arrays predicted the target location. In addition, neuropsychological tests of real‐word and pseudo‐word reading were administered. TRIP task analyses revealed no between‐group differences in pattern learning, but a positive correlation between individual learning scores and reading ability indicated that poor readers learned less well than did good readers. Thus, earlier reports of reduced implicit sequence learning in dyslexics cannot be entirely accounted for by motor sequencing deficits. No significant correlations or group differences in learning were found for SCCT. These findings offer additional evidence for a link between poor reading and impaired implicit sequence learning.
Query-dependent metric learning for adaptive, content-based image browsing and retrieval

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems often incorporate a relevance feedback mechanism in which retrieval is adapted based on users identifying images as relevant or irrelevant. Such relevance decisions are often assumed to be category-based. However, forcing a user to decide upon category membership of an image, even when unfamiliar with a database and irrespective of context, is restrictive. An alternative is to obtain user feedback in the form of relative similarity judgments. The ability of a user to provide meaningful feedback depends on the interface that displays retrieved images and facilitates the feedback. Similarity-based 2D layouts provide context and can enable more efficient visual search. Motivated by these observations, this study describes and evaluates an interactive image browsing and retrieval approach based on relative similarity feedback obtained from 2D image layouts. It incorporates online maximal-margin learning to adapt the image similarity metric used to perform retrieval. A user starts a session by browsing a collection of images displayed in a 2D layout. He/she may choose a query image perceived to be similar to the envisioned target image. A set of images similar to the query are then returned. The user can then provide relational feedback and/or update the query image to obtain a new set of images. Algorithms for CBIR are often characterised empirically by simulating usage based on pre-defined, fixed category labels, deeming retrieved results as relevant if they share a category label with the query. In contrast, the purpose of the system in this study is to enable browsing and retrieval without predefined categories. Therefore evaluation is performed in a target-based setting by quantifying the efficiency with which target images are retrieved given initial queries.
Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta‐analytic review

This study provides and meta-analytically examines an organizing framework and theoretical model of work–family conflict. Results, based on 1080 correlations from 178 samples, indicate that work role stressors (job stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, time demands), work role involvement (job involvement, work interest/centrality), work social support (organizational support, supervisor support, coworker support), work characteristics (task variety, job autonomy, family friendly organization), and personality (internal locus of control, negative affect/neuroticism) are antecedents of work-to-family conflict (WFC); while family role stressors (family stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, time demands, parental demands, number of children/dependents), family social support (family support, spousal support), family characteristics (family climate), and personality (internal locus of control, negative affect/neuroticism) are antecedents of family-to-work conflict (FWC). In addition to hypothesized results, a revised model based on study findings indicates that work role stressors (job stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload) and work social support (organizational support, supervisor support, coworker support) are predictors of FWC; while family role stressors (family stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload), family involvement (family interest/centrality), family social support (family support, spousal support), and family characteristics (family climate) are predictors of WFC. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobility-Aware Call Admission Control Algorithm With Handoff Queue in Mobile Hotspots

In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware call admission control (MA-CAC) algorithm with a handoff queue (HQ) in mobile hotspots, where different admission control policies are employed, depending on the vehicle mobility. Specifically, when a vehicle is static, a handoff priority scheme with guard channels is studied to protect vehicular handoff users because handoff users may get on the vehicle. In addition, an HQ is examined during stopping to further accept handoff users. On the other hand, for a moving vehicle, no guard channels for handoff users are allocated to maximize channel utilization. By means of Markov chains, we evaluate MA-CAC with an HQ in terms of new-call blocking probability (NCBP), handoff-call dropping probability (HCDP), handoff-call waiting time in the HQ, and channel utilization. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that MA-CAC with an HQ can lower both the HCDP and the NCBP while maintaining high channel utilization.
thrombocytopenia: response to intravenous IgG therapy A novel murine model of fetal and neonatal alloimmune

(238 articles) Transfusion Medicine  (2497 articles) Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at: