Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG: RECONSTRUCTION OF PHYLOGENY, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, AND HISTORICAL CHANGES IN POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Abstract This study uses a combined methodological approach including phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and demographic analyses to understand the evolutionary history of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. We tested hypotheses concerning how (or if) known geological events and key features of the species biology influenced the contemporary geographic and genetic distribution of R. pipiens. We assayed mitochondrial DNA variation from 389 individuals within 35 populations located throughout the species range. Our a priori expectations for patterns and processes influencing the current genetic structure of R. pipiens were supported by the data. However, our analyses revealed specific aspects of R. pipiens evolutionary history that were unexpected. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that R. pipiens is split into populations containing discrete eastern or western haplotypes, with the Mississippi River and Great Lakes region dividing the geographic ranges. Nested clade analysis indicated that the biological process most often invoked to explain the pattern of haplotype position is restricted gene flow with isolation by distance. Demographic analyses showed evidence of both historical bottlenecks and population expansions. Surprisingly, the genetic evidence indicated that the western haplotypes had significantly reduced levels of genetic diversity relative to the eastern haplotypes and that major range expansions occurred in both regions well before the most recent glacial retreat. This study provides a detailed history of how a widespread terrestrial vertebrate responded to episodic Pleistocene glacial events in North America. Moreover, this study illustrates how complementary methods of data analysis can be used to disentangle recent and ancient effects on the genetic structure of a species.
Infants' detection of analogs of 'motherese' in noise

Adult-to-infant (Al) speech has been found to be especially salient to young infants, but the mechanism underlying this salience is not well understood. The present study is a test of the possibility that stimuli with the properties of Al speech are more detectable in a noisy ambient environment. To test this hypothesis, 4-month-olds were habituated to white noise; following habituation, one of three different signal stimuli were added to the white noise. One signal stimulus was a monotonic pure tone, another was a frequency-modulated sweep corresponding to the intonation parameters of adult-to-adult (AA) speech, and the third was a frequency modulated sweep corresponding to the intonation parameters of Al speech. Infants showed evidence of detecting only the signal modeled after Al speech
Bayesian Aggregation of Order-Based Rank Data

Rank aggregation, that is, combining several ranking functions (called base rankers) to get aggregated, usually stronger rankings of a given set of items, is encountered in many disciplines. Most methods in the literature assume that base rankers of interest are equally reliable. It is very common in practice, however, that some rankers are more informative and reliable than others. It is desirable to distinguish high quality base rankers from low quality ones and treat them differently. Some methods achieve this by assigning prespecified weights to base rankers. But there are no systematic and principled strategies for designing a proper weighting scheme for a practical problem. In this article, we propose a Bayesian approach, called Bayesian aggregation of rank data (BARD), to overcome this limitation. By attaching a quality parameter to each base ranker and estimating these parameters along with the aggregation process, BARD measures reliabilities of base rankers in a quantitative way and makes use of this information to improve the aggregated ranking. In addition, we design a method to detect highly correlated rankers and to account for their information redundancy appropriately. Both simulation studies and real data applications show that BARD significantly outperforms existing methods when equality of base rankers varies greatly.
Patterns of Eye Diseases in Children Visiting a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: South-western Ethiopia

Background About 19 million children worldwide live with visual impairments resulting from different ocular morbidities. This study aimed to identify the different causes of eye diseases in children visiting a tertiary eye centre at Jimma University Hospital. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of charts of patients of <16 years of age who presented to Jimma University, Department of Ophthalmology (JUDO,) between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010. Data on age, sex, final diagnosis and treatments were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Ratios, percentages and associations were calculated, interpreted and discussed. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Three-hundred-eighty children were seen at JUDO in the year 2010, most of them repeatedly. We evaluated the reports of 341 children (53% males). Children aged 11–15 years constituted the largest group (37%). The commonest childhood ocular diseases diagnosed in 2010 were ocular surface and eyelid infections (30.5%), ocular allergies (28.1%), ocular traumas and injuries (15.5%) and refractive errors (5.8%). Avoidable eye diseases accounted for about 97% of ocular morbidities. Conclusion Infectious causes of childhood ocular diseases are the major reasons of visits of children seen at the Eye Department. Most of the ocular morbidities in children during the study year were either treatable or preventable. Further study on childhood eye diseases at community level is required to design proper preventive and curative strategies for childhood eye diseases in the region.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN

Triads, working under time pressure or not, participated in a management simulation that asked groups to decide which of two cholesterol-reducing drugs to market. The total distribution of information available to the group always favored the same drug. However, members’ initial preferences were manipulated by varying the distribution of shared information (provided to all members) and unshared information (provided to only a single member) supporting each alternative. Thus, each member’s fact sheet either (a) favored the correct decision (correct preference condition), (b) mildly favored the incorrect decision (weak incorrect preference condition), or (c) strongly favored the incorrect decision (strong incorrect preference condition). Initial preferences were major determinants of group decisions. Time pressure either enhanced or reduced decision quality depending on the strength of initial preferences and the content of the group interactions. These findings are discussed in light of Karau and Kelly’s Attentional Focus Model of group performance.
Adaptive neural control for consensus of multiple UAVs with heterogeneous matching uncertainties under a directed graph

In this paper, the distributed consensus problem is investigated for multiple UAVs systems with nonlinear uncertainty and bounded disturbances under a directed graph. It is assumed that aerodynamic characteristics of UAV are nonlinear uncertainties, and the output of the leader is time-varying. UAV dynamics model can be divided into two parts, including completely known and the unknown nonlinear function. An adaptive neural controller is designed with backstepping design method. Neural networks are used as the function approximation technique to compensate unknown nonlinear terms. From the Lyapunov function, it is shown that the consensus error can converge to any small neighborhood of the origin with an arbitrary convergence rate. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
Handbook Of Group Counseling And Psychotherapy

handbook of group counseling and psychotherapy is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the handbook of group counseling and psychotherapy is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Interactive Mathematical Models of Subjective Alertness and Cognitive Throughput in Humans

The authors present here mathematical models in which levels of subjective alertness and cognitive throughput are predicted by three components that interact with one another in a nonlinear manner. These components are (1) a homeostatic component (H) that falls in a sigmoidal manner during wake and rises in a saturating exponential manner at a rate that is determined by circadian phase during sleep; (2) a circadian component (C) that is a function of the output of our mathematical model of the effect of light on the circadian pacemaker, with the amplitude further regulated by the level of H; and (3) a sleep inertia component (W) that rises in a saturating exponential manner after waketime. The authors first construct initial models of subjective alertness and cognitive throughput based on the results of sleep inertia studies, sleep deprivation studies initiated across all circadian phases, 28-h forced desynchrony studies, and alertness and performance dose response curves to sleep. These initial models are then refined using data from nearly one hundred fifty 30- to 50-h sleep deprivation studies in which subjects woke at their habitual times. The interactive three-component models presented here are able to predict even the fine details of neurobehavioral data from sleep deprivation studies and, after further validation, may provide a powerful tool for the design of safe shift work and travel schedules, including those in which people are exposed to unusual patterns of light.
Effects of thiopental anesthesia on local rates of cerebral protein synthesis in rats

Smith, C. Beebe, C. Eintrei, J. Kang, and Y. Sun. Effects of thiopental anesthesia on local rates of cerebral protein synthesis in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Endocrinol. Metab. 37): E852–E859, 1998. —We have examined the effects of a surgical level of thiopental anesthesia in adult male rats on local rates of cerebral protein synthesis with the quantitative autoradiographic L-[1-14C]leucine method. The relative contribution of leucine derived from protein breakdown to the intracellular precursor amino acid pool for protein synthesis was found to be statistically significantly decreased in the anesthetized rats compared with controls. In the brain as a whole and in 30 of the 35 brain regions examined, rates of protein synthesis were decreased (1–11%) in the anesthetized rats. Decreases were statistically significant (P # 0.05) in the brain as a whole and in six of the regions, and they approached statistical significance in an additional 13 regions, indicating a tendency for a generalized but small effect.
Distortion‐Guided Structure‐Driven Interactive Exploration of High‐Dimensional Data

Dimension reduction techniques are essential for feature selection and feature extraction of complex high‐dimensional data. These techniques, which construct low‐dimensional representations of data, are typically geometrically motivated, computationally efficient and approximately preserve certain structural properties of the data. However, they are often used as black box solutions in data exploration and their results can be difficult to interpret. To assess the quality of these results, quality measures, such as co‐ranking [ LV09 ], have been proposed to quantify structural distortions that occur between high‐dimensional and low‐dimensional data representations. Such measures could be evaluated and visualized point‐wise to further highlight erroneous regions [ MLGH13 ]. In this work, we provide an interactive visualization framework for exploring high‐dimensional data via its two‐dimensional embeddings obtained from dimension reduction, using a rich set of user interactions. We ask the following question: what new insights do we obtain regarding the structure of the data, with interactive manipulations of its embeddings in the visual space? We augment the two‐dimensional embeddings with structural abstractions obtained from hierarchical clusterings, to help users navigate and manipulate subsets of the data. We use point‐wise distortion measures to highlight interesting regions in the domain, and further to guide our selection of the appropriate level of clusterings that are aligned with the regions of interest. Under the static setting, point‐wise distortions indicate the level of structural uncertainty within the embeddings. Under the dynamic setting, on‐the‐fly updates of point‐wise distortions due to data movement and data deletion reflect structural relations among different parts of the data, which may lead to new and valuable insights.
Changing the Nature of Melanoma Cells by Manipulation of Ganglioside Expression

Gangliosides, GSLs that contain sialic acid residues, are components of all animal cell membranes. It was first found by Klenk in 1935. He extracted something of new that was called substance X from the brain of a Niemann–Pick disease patient (Klenk, 1939b). In the following years, he understood (Klenk, 1939a) that substance X was a mixture of compounds and he named them “gangliosides”. Gangliosides attracted immediately the interest of many investigators, but in spite of this, progresses in elucidating their structures were slow. In 1947, the structure of sphingosine was elucidated (Carter et al., 1947) and in 1955 that of sialic acid (Gottschalk, 1955). Finally, in 1963, the first ganglioside structure was described (Kuhn and Wiegandt, 1963). Following studies were extensively devoted to fully understand the ganglioside structural complexity, metabolism, cellular topology, biological functions, and pathobiological implications (Macher and Sweeley, 1978; Miller-Podraza et al., 1992; Sandhoff and Christomanou, 1979; Sandhoff and Conzelmann, 1984; Svennerholm et al., 1994). This research is still far to be considered concluded, but today there is a general agreement to consider gangliosides as functional molecules involved in the modulation of tumor metastasis and of cell signaling, cell invasive proliferation, adhesion, and motility (Bassi et al., 1991; Bremer et al., 1984; Caputto et al., 1977; Chan, 1988; Chan, 1989; Davis and Daly, 1980; Facci et al., 1984; Glebov and Nichols, 2004a; Glebov and Nichols, 2004b; Goldenring et al., 1985; Kim et al., 1986; Kreutter et al., 1987; Leon et al., 1981; Lin and Shaw, 2005; Morgan and Seifert, 1979; Partington and Daly, 1979; Roisen et al., 1981; Rybak et al., 1983; Tsuji et al., 1983; Yates et al., 1989). In particular, systematic analysis of ganglioside antigens in various types of cancer was carried out. In these studies, ganglioside changes were observed based on the comparison of tumor tissues with corresponding normal tissues. Dramatic changes of ganglioside composition and metabolism were first shown using a cultured cell population after viral transformation (Hakomori and Murakami, 1968; Mora et al., 1969). In Balb/c 3T3 cells transformed with Kirsten strain of murine sarcoma virus (the tumor is called 3T3KiMSV), asialo-GM2 (Gg3) is greatly accumulated, with deletion of higher gangliosides. Rabbit
Developing the Dynamic Emotion Recognition Instrument (DERI)

Aim To develop a valid and reliable research instrument displaying six basic emotions represented by three ethnic groups (Asian, white British, and black African-Caribbean) and both genders, to assess ability to identify emotions from non-verbal displays. Method A DVD was made by professional actors. Validity was assessed using two panels of qualified and practising health practitioners in mental health. Reliability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa. Findings The instrument was found to be a valid representation of the six basic emotions and a reliable tool to assess emotion recognition. Conclusion A new research instrument has been produced to assess participants’ ability to identify correctly emotions displayed by non-verbal communication. Author
Cytoplasmic Organelle DNA Preferentially Inserts into Open Chromatin

DNA transfer from chloroplasts and mitochondria to the nucleus is ongoing in eukaryotes but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Mitochondrial DNA was observed to integrate into the nuclear genome through DNA double-strand break repair in Nicotiana tabacum. Here, 14 nuclear insertions of chloroplast DNA (nupts) that are unique to Oryza sativa subsp. indica were identified. Comparisons with the preinsertion nuclear loci identified in the related subspecies, O. sativa subsp. japonica, which lacked these nupts, indicated that chloroplast DNA had integrated by nonhomologous end joining. Analyzing public DNase-seq data revealed that nupts were significantly more frequent in open chromatin regions of the nucleus. This preference was tested further in the chimpanzee genome by comparing nuclear loci containing integrants of mitochondrial DNA (numts) with their corresponding numt-lacking preinsertion sites in the human genome. Mitochondrial DNAs also tended to insert more frequently into regions of open chromatin revealed by human DNase-seq and Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements-seq databases.
Gender differences in prevalence, risk, and clinical correlates of alcoholism comorbidity in bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of lifetime alcohol abuse and/or dependence (alcoholism) in patients with bipolar disorder has been reported to be higher than in all other axis I psychiatric diagnoses. This study examined gender-specific relationships between alcoholism and bipolar illness, which have previously received little systematic study. METHOD The prevalence of lifetime alcoholism in 267 outpatients enrolled in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network was evaluated by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Alcoholism and its relationship to retrospectively assessed measures of the course of bipolar illness were evaluated by patient-rated and clinician-administered questionnaires. RESULTS As in the general population, more men (49%, 57 of 116) than women with bipolar disorder (29%, 44 of 151) met the criteria for lifetime alcoholism. However, the risk of having alcoholism was greater for women with bipolar disorder (odds ratio=7.35) than for men with bipolar disorder (odds ratio=2.77), compared with the general population. Alcoholism was associated with a history of polysubstance use in women with bipolar disorder and with a family history of alcoholism in men with bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there are gender differences in the prevalence, risk, and clinical correlates of alcoholism in bipolar illness. Although this study is limited by the retrospective assessment of illness variables, the magnitude of these gender-specific differences is substantial and warrants further prospective study.
Overexpression of wild-type androgen receptor in muscle recapitulates polyglutamine disease

We created transgenic mice that overexpress WT androgen receptor (AR) exclusively in their skeletal muscle fibers. Unexpectedly, these mice display androgen-dependent muscle weakness and early death, show changes in muscle morphology and gene expression consistent with neurogenic atrophy, and exhibit a loss of motor axons. These features reproduce those seen in models of Kennedy disease, a polyglutamine expansion disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the AR gene. These findings demonstrate that toxicity in skeletal muscles is sufficient to cause motoneuron disease and indicate that overexpression of the WT AR can exert toxicity comparable with the polyglutamine expanded protein. This model has two clear implications for Kennedy disease: (i) mechanisms affecting AR gene expression may cause neuromuscular symptoms similar to those of Kennedy disease and (ii) therapeutic approaches targeting skeletal muscle may provide effective treatments for this disease.
Robust Standard Error Estimate for Cluster Sampling Data : A SAS / IML Macro Procedure for Logistic Regression with Huberization

Data sets with cluster structure are very common in practical business and research, one has to take into account the intra-cluster correlation in data analysis. This paper systematically discusses the Huber/White standard error estimate for cluster sampling data in logistic regression, and presents a user-friendly SAS/IML macro procedure which can automatically fit logistic model, calculate robust standard errors and produce confidence intervals for odds ratio. The robust standard error calculated in this procedure also has a finite sample-adjustment feature which is now available in most updated version of some statistical software. The syntax for the procedure is simple and easy. One data example is shown to illustrate how to actually use the procedures. The SAS  system products included in this work are SAS, SAS/STAT and SAS/IML . This procedure can be run on any IBM compatible personal computer, MVS/UNIX system and any other computer platforms with a working SAS 
A DNA Vaccine Prime Followed by a Liposome-Encapsulated Protein Boost Confers Enhanced Mucosal Immune Responses and Protection1

A variety of DNA vaccine prime and recombinant viral boost immunization strategies have been developed to enhance immune responses in humans, but inherent limitations to these strategies exist. There is still an overwhelming need to develop safe and effective approaches that raise broad humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses systemically and on mucosal surfaces. We have developed a novel mucosal immunization regimen that precludes the use of viral vectors yet induces potent T cell responses. Using hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg), we observed that vaccination of BALB/c mice with an i.m. HBsAg-DNA vaccine prime followed by an intranasal boost with HBsAg protein encapsulated in biologically inert liposomes enhanced humoral and T cell immune responses, particularly on mucosal surfaces. Intranasal live virus challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HBsAg revealed a correlation between T cell immune responses and protection of immunized mice. A shortened immunization protocol was developed that was successful in both adult and neonatal mice. These results support the conclusion that this new approach is capable of generating a Th-type-1-biased, broad spectrum immune response, specifically at mucosal surfaces. The success of this design may provide a safe and effective vaccination alternative for human use.
Thoracic epidural analgesia and acute pain management.

AIN continues to be a significant problem for many patients after major surgery. In addition to improving patient satisfaction and decreasing pain scores, enhanced perioperative pain control can improve clinical outcomes. Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) remains a critical tool for anesthesiologists to use in acute pain management. TEA is particularly effective for reducing pain after thoracic and upper abdominal surgery and likely permits major surgical procedures to be performed on patients with moderate to severe comorbid diseases, who several years ago may have been determined to be too great a risk for surgery. In the past 10 yr, peripheral nerve blockade has improved perioperative analgesia for patients undergoing extremity surgery. Although nerve blocks have reduced the use of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia, anesthesiologists must understand the indications, placement techniques, solutions administered, potential complications, and evidence-based outcomes for TEA in acute pain management. Indications