Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emission abatement techniques for marine diesel engines

Environmental awareness has been grown radically over recent years. For this reason, serious efforts have been made globally to curtail pollution in all its forms. This diploma dissertation reviews exhaust gas emissions of marine diesel engines, the corresponding maritime environmental legislation and the possible measures for controlling such emissions in marine installations. Pollutants emitted from marine diesel engines comprised of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), soot, CO and unburned hydrocarbons whereas, emission standards have been issued only for NOx and SOx emissions. International Maritime Organization (IMO) through MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) 73/78 Convention adopted the new Annex VI in which limiting NOx levels are defined by 17gr/Kwh when engine speed is 130rpm. The basis of the regulation is the fact that the average NOx emissions of new ships must be some 30 per cent less than the emissions from ships in 1990. In special SOx Emission Control Areas (SECA) the sulfur content in fuel cannot exceed 15,000 ppm. Pollutant reduction technologies are divided into primary (i.e. internal) and secondary (i.e. external) methods. Primary measures focus on the reduction of in-cylinder pollutant formation whereas secondary measures deal with the abatement of the emissions in the exhaust gases. This study focus on the examination of NOx, SOx abatement techniques and also the technologies for reducing specific fuel consumption in marine diesel engines. These measures comprise of internal engine modifications (IEM), Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), wet methods such as water emulsion, and SOx abatements such as scrubbers. These techniques are reviewed and compared in an attempt to demonstrate the advantages and the challenges of each technique.
The formation of habits: a computational model mixing reinforcement and Hebbian learning

If basal ganglia are widely accepted to participate in the high-level cognitive function of decision-making, their role is less clear regarding the formation of habits. One of the biggest problem is to understand how goal-directed actions are transformed into habitual responses, or, said differently, how an animal can shift from an action-outcome (A-O) system to a stimulus-response (S-R) one while keeping a consistent behaviour. We introduce a computational model (basal ganglia, thalamus and cortex) that can solve a simple two arm-bandit task using reinforcement learning and explicit valuation of the outcome (Guthrie et al. (2013)). Hebbian learning has been added at the cortical level such that the model learns each time a move is issued, rewarded or not. Then, by inhibiting the output nuclei of the model (GPi), we show how learning has been transferred from the basal ganglia to the cortex, simply as a consequence of the statistics of the choice. Because best (in the sense of most rewarded) actions are chosen more often, this directly impacts the amount of Hebbian learning and lead to the formation of habits within the cortex. These results have been confirmed in monkeys (unpublished data at the time of writing) doing the same tasks where the BG has been inactivated using muscimol. This tends to show that the basal ganglia implicitely teach the cortex in order for it to learn the values of new options. In the end, the cortex is able to solve the task perfectly, even if it exhibits slower reaction times.
N6-Methylandenosine-Related Gene Expression Signatures for Predicting the Overall Survival and Immune Responses of Patients With Colorectal Cancer

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modi ﬁ cation has been demonstrated to exhibit a crucial prognostic effect on colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, potential mechanism of m6A in survival rate and immunotherapeutic response remains unknown. Here we investigated the genes associated with m6A regulators and developed a risk score for predicting the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients
Novel Oral Anticoagulants: Bedrest and Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia in persons over age 65, is associated with an increased stroke risk necessitating the need for long-term oral anticoagulation for risk reduction. With the introduction of direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors in the US since 2010, these novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly being prescribed, replacing the use of warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist. AF catheter ablation (CA), an elective procedure requiring femoral vascular access is a treatment for drug refractory and persistent AF. Bedrest, limb immobilization, and limited head of bed elevation are nursing measures utilized following femoral venous, and sometimes arterial, sheath removal and hemostasis. Limited research is available on the appropriate duration of bedrest to minimize bleeding complications associated with AF ablation in patients who use NOACs. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to compare and evaluate the effect of bedrest duration on postprocedure bleeding outcomes, urinary complaints, and back pain among patients taking NOACs while undergoing AFCA. Thirty patients undergoing elective AFCA on NOACs were orally consented to participate in the study and placed on shortened (8 hours) or prolonged (>8 hours) bedrest following vascular hemostasis. Outcome measurements included bleeding after ambulation, back pain, and urinary complaints. Fifteen patients (50%) were on shortened bedrest and 15 (50%) were on prolonged bedrest. No statistically significant difference in bleeding, urinary complaints, or back pain were found. Since there is no clear advantage to prolonged bedrest for patients on NOACS after an AFCA procedure, clinicians should consider this when deciding on bedrest duration for their patients.
Walking and Biking in California: Analysis of the CA-NHTS

California officials aim to improve the safety of non-motorized travel in California. In order to estimate the exposure of bicycles and pedestrians to crashes, the State of California purchased an add-on to the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (called the CA-NHTS in this report). Exposure rates are calculated for pedestrians and bicyclists in the state as a whole, for each California Department of Transportation District, and for each Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO). In addition, a few relevant areas of analysis are used to detail important aspects of walking and biking behavior in the state. While not an exhaustive presentation of CA-NHTS data, the report is an overview of the data collected on walking and biking as presented and provides control totals, margins of error, and other statistics useful for researchers and analysts interested in using the CA-NHTS.
The plasma proteome and the acute phase protein response in canine pyometra 1 2

15 Canine pyometra is a common inflammatory disease of uterus in sexually mature bitches caused 16 by secondary bacterial infection, leading to change in plasma proteins associated with the innate 17 immune system. Proteomic investigation is increasingly being applied to canine diseases in order 18 to identify and quantify significant changes in the plasma proteome. The aim of the study was to 19 assess and quantify changes in plasma proteome profiles of healthy and pyometra affected bitches 20 using a TMT-based high-resolution quantitative proteomic approach. As a result, 22 proteins were 21 significantly down-regulated including transthyretin, antithrombin III, retinol-binding protein, 22 vitamin D binding protein, paraoxonase 1, and kallikrein, while 16 were significantly up-regulated 23 including haptoglobin light chain, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein precursor, and 24 lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in dogs with pyometra. Pathway analysis indicated that acute 25 inflammatory response, regulation of body fluid levels, protein activation cascade, the humoral 26 immune response, and phagocytosis were affected in pyometra. Validation of biological relevance 27 of the proteomic study was evident with significant increases in the concentrations of haptoglobin, 28 C-reactive protein, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, and ceruloplasmin by immunoassay. Pyometra in 29 bitches was shown to stimulate an increase in host defense system proteins in response to 30 inflammatory disease including the acute phase proteins. 31
Microfacies, diagenesis, stable isotope geochemistry, and reservoir characterization of the Late Permian Khuff-C reservoir, southern Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia

Mohammed A. Al-Qattan (M.S., Geology [Department of Geological Sciences]) Microfacies, Diagenesis, Stable Isotope Geochemistry, and Reservoir Characterization of the Late Permian Khuff-C Reservoir, Southern Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia Thesis directed by Professor David A. Budd Thin-section analysis of the upper portion of the Late Permian Khuff-C reservoir in southern Ghawar Field revealed six microfacies, each of which was deposited on a unique setting within a carbonate ramp. The ramp was mostly flat with little topographic variations but with many local sand shoals and lagoonal depressions. The six microfacies are: (1) intertidal barren mudstone, (2) restricted subtidal peloidalbioclastic wackestone, (3) unrestricted subtidal peloidal-skeletal mud-dominated packstone, (4) backshoal peloidal-skeletal grain-dominated packstone, (5) oolitic sand-shoal peloidal-oolitic-skeletal grainstone, and (6) foreshoal intraclast rudstones. Because shallow seas prevailed in the region, facies tract shifted constantly through time with rises and falls in base level. With a rise, the sand-shoal microfacies shifted landward and formed atop muddier subtidal or intertidal microfacies. With subsequent base-level decline, the facies tract would prograde and successively muddier and more restricted microfacies formed atop the shoal-related microfacies. Detailed analysis of the diagenetic history of the Khuff-C reservoir showed that dolomitization is the most significant diagenetic processes followed by cementation, dissolution, neomorphism and anhydritization. Three main dolostone fabrics were identified: (1) fabric-preserving mimetic (FPM), (2) fabric-preserving non-mimetic (FPNM), and (3) fabric-destructive (FD) dolomites. With the exception of a few saddle dolomite samples, all of the fabrics above are interpreted to have occurred early during brine reflux in a marine burial setting. Stable isotope compositions of dolostones dominated by each fabric showed that averages of δ 13 C for all 3 dolostones are similar, whereas average δ 18 O gets progressively
A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHOD REGARDING GROUNDWATER LEVEL CHANGES AS CAUSATIVE FORCE FOR LANDSLIDES

A modular shelving system includes at least two shelving units interconnected by support posts. Side and back panels can be attached to the support posts to define an enclosed compartment accessible from the front of the unit. An angled panel can be attached to the front to prevent any objects placed therein from easily falling out. Caster wheels can be attached to the bottom of the unit. Binding clips can be used to connect multiple base units together.
Platelet ultrastructural morphometry for diagnosis of partial δ-storage pool disease in patients with mild platelet dysfunction and/or thrombocytopenia of unknown origin. A Study of 24 cases

Haematologica vol. 85(6):June 2000 Hemostasis & Thrombosis Platelet ultrastructural morphometry for diagnosis of partial δ-storage pool disease in patients with mild platelet dysfunction and/or thrombocytopenia of unknown origin. A Study of 24 cases NÚRIA PUJOL-MOIX, ANGEL HERNÁNDEZ, GINÉS ESCOLAR,* IGNACIO ESPAÑOL, FERNANDO MARTÍNEZ-BROTÓNS,° JOSÉ MATEO Departament d'Hematologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; *Servei d'Hemoteràpia i Hemostàsia, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, °Servei d'Hematologia, Secció d'Hemostàsia, Hospital de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain Correspondence: Núria Pujol-Moix, M.D., Departament d'Hematologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167, 08025-Barcelona. Spain. Phone: international+34-93 –2919246 Fax: international+34-93-455 51 61 E-mail: npujol@hsp.santpau. es/npujolm@aehh.org Background and Objectives. Exact diagnosis is sometimes difficult in patients presenting with a slight bleeding diathesis, prolonged bleeding times, non-specific aggregometric abnormalities, and/or mild thrombocytopenia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of platelet ultrastructural morphometry in detecting a partial δ-storage pool disease in such
Public Participation through Mapping: Green Map System and Sociotope mapping -Case Study: Green Map Bagarmossen, Stockholm

Public participation within urban planning is one of the key issues for planning a sustainable city. In recent years, local authorities and citizen groups have enhanced citizen involvement in the planning process by building consensus and networks among stakeholders. Among all the methods for achieving such consensus and involvement, the author chose to focus upon a participatory mapping system which can visualize the status quo of city/community and represent the local knowledge explicitly on a map. The thesis focuses on two mapping systems implemented in Stockholm: Green Map System (GMS) and sociotope mapping. GMS has been developed as a citizen movement from N.Y. to the global level, whereas sociotope mapping has been established by the Stockholm planning office. The author participated in a Green Map (GM) project in Bagarmossen, Stockholm, as an action researcher, and a new tool for community evaluation (modified from the value rose by Arken) was created for improving the mapping process in GMS. The two mapping systems are compared within the thesis, with regard to the power relation behind a map, mapping processes and mapping icons. The research notes that each map is created through the process of the interpretation of power and communication among different stakeholders. Sociotope maps represent an area by interpreting the voices from local citizens, planners and decision makers. Upon the basis of the case study, GM is a bottom-up mapping approach which represents the voice of locales more directly than sociotope mapping. By extracting the advantages of the two systems, integration of the two is suggested through consideration of the network building of stakeholders. Key words: public participation, urban green space, power, sociotope mapping, Green Map System (GMS)
CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION, RELIABILITY AND CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE PRIMARY SJOGREN’S SYNDROME QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE

Background: To completely comprehend the burden of an illness and the success of its treatment, it is essential to analyze the patients’ perspective on health-related quality of life. Because of this, the Primary Sjögren’s Syn-drome-Quality of Life questionnaire (PSS-QoL) was developed, which evaluates the disease’s physical and psychosocial effects in PSS patients. Objectives: In the literature, there is no Turkish questionnaire evaluating quality of life in patients with PSS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate and evaluate cross-culturally adaptation the PSS-QoL into the Turkish language and investigate its convergent validity and reliability in Turkish-speaking population with PSS. Methods: Patients completed PSS-QoL questionnaire, the EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) and Euro-QoL 5D (EQ-5D). To test the convergent validity of PSS-QoL, correlation between PSS-QoL and EQ-5D and ESSPRI were assessed with Pearson correlation test. In order to investigate the internal consistency and test-retest reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values interpreted, respectively. Results: Seventy-nine patients with PSS (53.30 + 11.98 years, 74F
Multi-mode Trajectory Optimization for Impact-aware Manipulation

The transition from free motion to contact is a challenging problem in robotics, in part due to its hybrid nature. Additionally, disregarding the effects of impacts at the motion planning level often results in intractable impulsive contact forces. In this paper, we introduce an impact-aware multi-mode trajectory optimization (TO) method that combines hybrid dynamics and hybrid control in a coherent fashion. A key concept is the incorporation of an explicit contact force transmission model in the TO method. This allows the simultaneous optimization of the contact forces, contact timings, continuous motion trajectories and compliance, while satisfying task constraints. We compare our method against standard compliance control and an impact-agnostic TO method in physical simulations. Further, we experimentally validate the proposed method with a robot manipulator on the task of halting a large-momentum object.
Visualization of Tangled Vector Field Topology and Global Bifurcation of Magnetospheric Dynamics.

Visualizing the temporal evolution of magnetic field topology (FT) or its “bifurcation” is presented and applied in order to evidence the “magnetic reconnection” as the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is directed southeard. According to FT theory, magnetic FT is uniquely determined by the signs of real part of Jacobian matrix eigenvalues of the critical points (CPs) i.e., magnetic null points, if their Jacobian matrix of the CPs is non-degenerate. This is because FT can be changed only at CP locations. The signs of the real part of eigenvalues characterize the magnetic field patterns around CPs. At the CP locations, the amplitude of the magnetic field becomes zero. The CPs can be classified into different types of “saddle points”. At the saddle-points, the eigenvectors span fan-surfaces (or -surfaces) and spine-lines (or γ -lines), according to their eigen value signs. These manifolds and CPs forms FT “skeletons” i. e. allows to determine global behavior of FT. These FT “skeletons” that include CPs, characteristic fan-surfaces, and spine-lines provide a clear view of the three–dimensional FT. The change of the skeleton, i.e. the change of the FT is the “bifurcation” and, has revealed the occurrence of the magnetic reconnections (MR).
Incorporating Causal Graphical Prior Knowledge into Predictive Modeling via Simple Data Augmentation (Supplementary Material)

Sachs data (Sachs et al., 2005). This data set consists of continuous measurements from the flow cytometry of proteins and phospholipids in human immune system cells. The consensus graph is provided in Sachs et al. (2005) based on the conventionally accepted cellular signaling networks (Figure 3(a)). Among the eight data sets corresponding to different intervention conditions (Sachs et al., 2005), we use the one that is observational, i.e., without any interventions. The data set contains 853 observations of 11 variables, namely Raf, Mek, Plcg, PIP2, PIP3, Erk, Akt, PKA, PKC, P38, and Jnk. Among these, for demonstration purposes, we considered PKA as the target attribute. As preprocessing, we log-transformed Raf, Mek, and PKA.
An Investigation of the Differences between the North American Dipole and North Atlantic Oscillation

This study examines the differences between the North American dipole (NAD) and the North American Oscillation (NAO) in terms of their spatial structure, temporal variations, and climate impacts. The results indicate that the sea level pressure anomalies associated with the NAD are located in more western and southern areas than those associated with the NAO, and that the NAD has its own temporal variability. In addition, the NAD has a greater influence on sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation anomalies in the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) than the NAO does in the North Atlantic. In the tropical Pacific, the NAD tends to be more effective in forcing SST warming during spring in the northeastern subtropical Pacific (NESP). This can extend equatorward to reach the equatorial central Pacific in the autumn, finally leading to a central Pacific (CP)-type El Niño event. In contrast, the NAO induces only weak SST warming over the NESP, so that a CP-type El Niño event does not occur. Additional analysis indicates that the influence of the NAO can pass to the tropical Pacific only when the NAD and NAO have the same sign, suggesting that the NAD may serve as an important bridge linking the NAO to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Background: Reductions in drinking among individuals randomised to control groups in brief alcohol intervention trials are common and suggest that asking study participants about their drinking may itself cause them to reduce their consumption. We sought to test the hypothesis that the statistical artefact regression to the mean (RTM) explains part of the reduction in such studies. Methods: 967 participants in a cohort study of alcohol consumption in New Zealand provided data at baseline and again six months later. We use graphical methods and apply thresholds of 8, 12, 16 and 20 in AUDIT scores to explore RTM. Results: There was a negative association between baseline AUDIT scores and change in AUDIT scores from baseline to six months, which in the absence of bias and confounding, is RTM. Students with lower baseline scores tended to have higher follow-up scores and conversely, those with higher baseline scores tended to have lower follow-up scores. When a threshold score of 8 was used to select a subgroup, the observed mean change was approximately half of that observed without a threshold. The application of higher thresholds produced greater apparent reductions in alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Part of the reduction seen in the control groups of brief alcohol intervention trials is likely to be due to RTM and the amount of change is likely to be greater as the threshold for entry to the trial increases. Quantification of RTM warrants further study and should assist understanding assessment and other research participation effects. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Colours in Metal Glasses and in Metallic Films

The present paper contains a discussion of some optical properties of a medium containing minute metal spheres. The discussion is divided into two Parts: the first Part dealing with colours in metal glasses, in which the proportion of volume occupied by metal is small; the second Part dealing with metal films, in which this proportion may have any value from zero to unity. In Part I. the observations of Siedentopf and Zsigmondy beyond the limit of microscopic vision (‘Ann. der Phys.,’ January, 1903) are discussed. It is shown that the particles seen in a gold ruby glass are particles of gold which, when their diameters are less than 0. 1μ, are accurately spherical. I have endeavoured to show that the presence of many of these minute spheres to a wave-length of light in the glass will account for all the optical properties of “regular” gold ruby glass, and that the irregularities in colour and in polarisation effects sometimes exhibited by gold glass are due to excessive distance between consecutive gold particles or to excessive size of such particles, the latter, however, involving the former. It is also shown that the radiation from radium is capable of producing in gold glass the ruby colour which is generally produced by re-heating. The method adopted enables us to predict from a knowledge of the metal present in metallic form in a glass what colour that glass will be in its “regular” state.