Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRIGGERING COLLAPSE OF THE PRESOLAR DENSE CLOUD CORE AND INJECTING SHORT-LIVED RADIOISOTOPES WITH A SHOCK WAVE. I. VARIED SHOCK SPEEDS

The discovery of decay products of a short-lived radioisotope (SLRI) in the Allende meteorite led to the hypothesis that a supernova shock wave transported freshly synthesized SLRI to the presolar dense cloud core, triggered its self-gravitational collapse, and injected the SLRI into the core. Previous multidimensional numerical calculations of the shock–cloud collision process showed that this hypothesis is plausible when the shock wave and dense cloud core are assumed to remain isothermal at ∼10 K, but not when compressional heating to ∼1000 K is assumed. Our two-dimensional models with the FLASH2.5 adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamics code have shown that a 20 km s−1 shock front can simultaneously trigger collapse of a 1 M☉ core and inject shock wave material, provided that cooling by molecular species such as H2O, CO, and H2 is included. Here, we present the results for similar calculations with shock speeds ranging from 1 km s−1 to 100 km s−1. We find that shock speeds in the range from 5 km s−1 to 70 km s−1 are able to trigger the collapse of a 2.2 M☉ cloud while simultaneously injecting shock wave material: lower speed shocks do not achieve injection, while higher speed shocks do not trigger sustained collapse. The calculations continue to support the shock-wave trigger hypothesis for the formation of the solar system, though the injection efficiencies in the present models are lower than desired.
Using Cumulus Cell Biopsy as a Non-Invasive Tool to Access the Quality of Bovine Oocytes: How Informative Are They?

Simple Summary Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are used to enhance herds’ genetic gain or to clinically mitigate reproductive failure. Among several options, in vitro embryo production (IVP) allows an efficient dissemination of female germplasm, based on the high number of oocytes available in the ovary. Despite recent progress, many retrieved oocytes are not fully capable to undergo in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture, resulting in blastocyst development failure. The prediction of oocyte competence is a goal for many research groups on different species. To date, the most promising option to measure the oocyte competence would be evaluating the transcript population of their neighbor cells: the cumulus cells at a transcriptional level. These cells are important mediators of essentials signals and substrates for oocyte to acquire its competence. However, besides many potential candidate’s genes described in the literature, there is no repeatability among different research studies. Moreover, it is not clear if cumulus cell biopsy should be performed on immature or on matured cumulus cells. The present study focused on the evaluation of the potential to predict the oocyte fait after in vitro fertilization, measuring the transcript abundance of a panel of candidate genes on immature and/or mature cumulus cells. The results showed that from all the genes evaluated, none of the then can accurately predict oocyte quality in terms of its potential to develop into an embryo. Abstract The present study aimed to determine whether cumulus cells (CC) biopsy, acquired before or after in vitro maturation (IVM), presents similar gene expression pattern and if would compromises oocyte quality. First, immature cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were distributed: (1) maturated in groups (control); (2) individually maturated, but not biopsied; (3) subjected to CC biopsy before maturation and individually matured; (4) individually matured and submitted to CC biopsy after maturation; (5) individually matured and CC biopsied before and after maturation. Secondly, candidate genes, described as potential markers of COCs quality, were quantified by RT-qPCR in CCs before and after IVM. After in vitro fertilization (IVF), zygotes were tracked and sorted regarding their developmental potential: fully developed to embryo, cleaved and arrested, and not-cleaved. The COC’s biopsy negatively affects embryo development (p < 0.05), blastocyst cell number (p < 0.05), and apoptotic cell ratio (p < 0.05), both before and after IVM. The PTGS2, LUM, ALCAM, FSHR, PGR, SERPINE2, HAS2, and PDRX3 genes were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) on matured CCs. Only PGR gene (p = 0.04) was under-expressed on matured CCs on Not-Cleaved group. The SERPINE2 gene was overexpressed (p = 0.01) in the Cleaved group on immature CCs. In summary, none of the selected gene studies can accurately predict COC’s fate after fertilization.
Modelling non-dust fluids in cosmology

Currently, most of the numerical simulations of structure formation use Newtonian gravity. When modelling pressureless dark matter, or 'dust', this approach gives the correct results for scales much smaller than the cosmological horizon, but for scenarios in which the fluid has pressure this is no longer the case. In this article, we present the correspondence of perturbations in Newtonian and cosmological perturbation theory, showing exact mathematical equivalence for pressureless matter, and giving the relativistic corrections for matter with pressure. As an example, we study the case of scalar field dark matter which features non-zero pressure perturbations. We discuss some problems which may arise when evolving the perturbations in this model with Newtonian numerical simulations and with CMB Boltzmann codes.
Impact of a warm dark matter late-time velocity dispersion on large-scale structures

We investigate whether the late-time (at $z\leq 100$) velocity dispersion expected in Warm Dark Matter scenarios could have some effect on the cosmic web (i.e., outside of virialized halos). We consider effective hydrodynamical equations, with a pressurelike term that agrees at the linear level with the analysis of the Vlasov equation. Then, using analytical methods, based on perturbative expansions and the spherical dynamics, we investigate the impact of this term for a 1 keV dark matter particle. We find that the late-time velocity dispersion has a negligible effect on the power spectrum on perturbative scales and on the halo mass function. However, it has a significant impact on the probability distribution function of the density contrast at $z \sim 3$ on scales smaller than $0.1 h^{-1}$Mpc, which correspond to Lyman-$\alpha$ clouds. Finally, we note that numerical simulations should start at $z_i\geq 100$ rather than $z_i \leq 50$ to avoid underestimating gravitational clustering at low redshifts.
Formation of the Andromeda giant stream: asymmetric structure and disc progenitor

We focus on the evidence of a past minor merger discovered in the halo of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). Previous N-body studies have enjoyed moderate success in producing the observed giant stellar stream (GSS) and stellar shells in M31's halo. The observed distribution of stars in the halo of M31 shows an asymmetric surface brightness profile across the GSS; however, the effect of the morphology of the progenitor galaxy on the internal structure of the GSS requires further investigation in theoretical studies. To investigate the physical connection between the characteristic surface brightness in the GSS and the morphology of the progenitor dwarf galaxy, we systematically vary the thickness, rotation velocity and initial inclination of the disc dwarf galaxy in N-body simulations. The formation of the observed structures appears to be dominated by the progenitor's rotation. Besides reproducing the observed GSS and two shells in detail, we predict additional structures for further observations. We predict the detectability of the progenitor's stellar core in the phase-space density distribution, azimuthal metallicity gradient of the western shell-like structure and an additional extended shell in the north-western direction that may constrain the properties of the progenitor galaxy.
TENTATIVE DETECTION OF QUASAR FEEDBACK FROM WMAP AND SDSS CROSS-CORRELATION

We perform a cross-correlation analysis of microwave data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and photometric quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, testing for the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect from quasars. A statistically significant (2.5σ) temperature decrement exists in the 41 GHz microwave band. A two-component fit to the cross-correlation spectrum incorporating both dust emission and SZ yields a best-fit y parameter of (7.0 ± 3.4) × 10−7. A similar cross-correlation analysis with the luminous red galaxy sample from Sloan gives a best-fit y parameter of (5.3 ± 2.5) × 10−7. We discuss the possible physical origin of these signals, which is likely a combination of SZ effects from quasars and galaxy clusters. Both the Planck Surveyor satellite and the current ground-based arcminute-resolution microwave experiments will detect this signal with a higher statistical significance.
Generalized superimposed training for RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO-OFDM networks

—In this paper, a generalized superimposed training (GST) is proposed for an uplink cell-free multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (mMIMO-OFDM) system, which is aided by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to enhance the spectral efficiency in the system. For the GST scheme, the pilots and data symbols are transmitted simultaneously in the coherence time. This scheme is different from traditional separate transmission methods, such as regular pilots (RP) transmission. In the OFDM multi-carrier case, a part of the subcarriers is based on the GST, whereas the other part of subcarriers is used for data transmission only. The channel and data estimations are carried out and the normalized mean-squared error (NMSE), bit error rate (BER), and sum-rate in different schemes are compared. Different receiver cooperation levels are analyzed in this case, including fully centralized processing and local processing. The distributed time processing and iterative process are also used to improve the performance of the data estimation in this system.
Yang-Mills correlation functions at finite temperature

We put forward a continuum approach for computing finite temperature correlation functions in Yang-Mills theory. This is done in a functional renormalisation group setting which allows for the construction of purely thermal RG-flows. This approach is applied to the ghost and gluon propagators as well as the ghost-gluon vertex in the Landau gauge. We present results in a temperature regime going from vanishing temperature to temperatures far above the confinement-deconfinement temperature Tc. Our findings compare well with the lattice results available.
Cyanobacterial Diversity Assessment Under Diverse Environments: A Molecular Approach

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that inhabit diverse environmental conditions worldwide, ranging from freshwater and soil to extreme conditions. Apart from their photosynthesis and nitrogen-fixing abilities, they also produce a large variety of molecules with high potential in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Recent investigations have elucidated that most of the cyanobacteria that belong to orders Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales, and Synechococcales have been extensively characterized. In contrast, those that belong to Pleurocapsales, Chroococcidiopsales, and Gloeobacterales remain unexplored in terms of their molecular diversity and relative bioactivity. In recent decades, molecular biology techniques have revealed valuable insights into the role and functions of various prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria, by precisely mapping their diversity in their natural environment. This review provides an overview of molecular techniquesandtheir advantages and limitations for studying cyanobacterial diversity.
Equivalent expression of Z 2 topological invariant for band insulators using the non-Abelian Berry connection

We introduce an expression for the Z(2) topological invariant of band insulators using the non-Abelian Berry connection. Our expression can identify the topological nature of a general band insulator without any of the gauge-fixing problems that plague the concrete implementation of previous invariants. This expression can be derived from the "partner switching" of the Wannier function center during time-reversal pumping and is thus equivalent to the Z(2) topological invariant proposed by Kane and Mele. Using our expression, we have recalculated the Z(2) topological index for several topological insulator material systems and obtained consistent results with the previous studies.
TITLE GOES HERE: UNOFFICIAL WORD TEMPLATE FOR APS JOURNAL GOES HERE Manifestation of a General Coherent State Superposition without Nonlinear Effects

We report the formation of a general superposition of coherent states in exact analytical solution of the Schrodinger’s equatin for atom-photon interaction by taking into account the role of virtual photons. Despite some known superposition of quantum states, the general superposition state introduced in this letter constructed without any nonlinear effect. The YurkeStoler state and its special cases, the even and odd cat states, obtained as some simple examples of the method. A general experimental setup is proposed to realize a variety of superposition states.
Direct distance measurements to SN 2009ip

ABSTRACT We demonstrate the applicability of our new method (the Dense Shell Method orDSM)forthedeterminationofastronomicaldistancesbycalculatingthedistancetoSN 2009ip. The distance to this supernova has been accurately determined in thestandardapproachviathecosmicdistanceladderandhasbeenfoundtobe20.4Mpc. Ourdirectmethod,assumingthemostreasonableparametervalues,givesaverycloseresult,namely≈ 20.1±0.8(68%CL)MpctoSN2009ip.Key words: supernovae:cosmography–supernovae:individual(SN2009ip) 1 INTRODUCTIONIn ref. (Blinnikov et al. 2012) we introduced a new methodfor measuring cosmological distances, which we suggest call-ing the Dense Shell Method (DSM). The method relieson observations of an expanding dense shell in SN IInand allows one to determine the linear size of such ashell in absolute units, and hence the distance to it, with-out addressing the cosmological distance ladder. Using thismethod Blinnikov et al. (2012) have calculated the distanceto SN 2006gy. But the result suﬀers from quite a large er-ror due to uncertainty in the interstellar extinction and inthe color temperature. Moreover, a small number of obser-vations of the rising part of the light curve, when the shellis believed not to fragment, also lead to a larger uncertaintyin the measurements. In this paper, we examine the appli-cability of our method to the case of the SN 2009ip, whichexploded again in 2012. We show that the DSM allows oneto obtain much more accurate results in this case.2 DIRECT DISTANCEDETERMINATION BYTHE DSMSupernovae of type IIn are observed at very large redshifts(Cooke 2008; Cooke et al. 2009; Moriya et al. 2012). Sincethey do not enter the coasting-free expansion phase, neitherexpanding photosphere method (Kirshner & Kwan 1974)nor spectra-ﬁtting expanding atmosphere method (SEAM,
PhotoRaptor - Photometric Research Application To Redshifts

Due to the necessity to evaluate photo-z for a variety of huge sky survey data sets, it seemed important to provide the astronomical community with an instrument able to fill this gap. Besides the problem of moving massive data sets over the network, another critical point is that a great part of astronomical data is stored in private archives that are not fully accessible on line. So, in order to evaluate photo-z it is needed a desktop application that can be downloaded and used by everyone locally, i.e. on his own personal computer or more in general within the local intranet hosted by a data center. The name chosen for the application is PhotoRApToR, i.e. Photometric Research Application To Redshift (Cavuoti et al. 2015, 2014; Brescia 2014b). It embeds a machine learning algorithm and special tools dedicated to preand post-processing data. The ML model is the MLPQNA (Multi Layer Perceptron trained by the Quasi Newton Algorithm), which has been revealed particularly powerful for the photo-z calculation on the base of a spectroscopic sample (Cavuoti et al. 2012; Brescia et al. 2013, 2014a; Biviano et al. 2013). The PhotoRApToR program package is available, for different platforms, at the official website (this http URL).
Optimization of Bell inequalities with invariant Tsirelson bound

We consider a subclass of bipartite CHSH-type Bell inequalities. We investigate operations which leave their Tsirelson bound invariant, but change their classical bound. The optimal observables are unaffected except for a relative rotation of the two laboratories. We illustrate the utility of these operations by giving explicit examples. We prove that, for a fixed quantum state and fixed measurement setup except for a relative rotation of the two laboratories, there is a Bell inequality that is maximally violated for this rotation, and we optimize some Bell inequalities with respect to the maximal violation. Finally, we optimize the qutrit to qubit ratio of some dimension witnessing Bell inequalities. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to ‘50 years of Bell's theorem’.
Comment on ``Modeling galaxy halos using dark matter with pressure''

We comment on the calculational mistake in the paper 'Modeling galaxy halos using dark matter with pressure' by Somnath Bharadwaj and Sayan Kar. The authors made a mistake while calculating the metric, which led to an overestimate of the deflection angle of light passing through the halos for -1 0 should not exist. Although the Bharadwaj-Kar solution should be corrected, it appears that the characteristics of the deflection angle under the supposed nonconventional, nonideal fluid equation of state for the dark matter halo remain sensitive to the impact parameter and may be verifiable through observations.
Network topology: detecting topological phase transitions in the Kitaev chain and the rotor plane

We propose a novel network measure of topological invariants, called small-worldness, for identifying topological phase transitions of quantum and classical spin models. Small-worldness is usually defined in the study of social networks based on the best known discovery that one can find a short chain of acquaintances connecting almost any two people on the planet. Here we demonstrate that the small-world effect provides a useful description to distinguish topologically trivial and non-trivial phases in the Kitaev chain and accurately capture the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in the rotor plane. Our results further suggest that the small-worldness containing both locality and non-locality of the network topology can be a practical approach to extract characteristic quantities of topological states of matter.
More general correlation functions of twist fields from Ward identities in the massive Dirac theory

Following on from previous work we derive the nonlinear differential equations of more general correlators of U(1) twist fields in two-dimensional massive Dirac theory. Using the conserved charges of the double-copy model equations parametrizing the correlators of twist fields with arbitrary twist parameter are found. This method also gives a parametrization of the correlation functions of general, fermionic, descendent twist fields. The equations parametrizing correlators of primary twist fields are compared to those of the literature and evidence is presented to confirm that these equations represent the correct parametrization.
Nonequilibrium Fluctuational Quantum Electrodynamics: Heat Radiation, Heat Transfer, and Force

Quantum and thermal fluctuations of electromagnetic waves are the cornerstone of quantum and statistical physics, and inherent to such phenomena as thermal radiation and van der Waals forces. While the basic principles are the material of elementary texts, recent experimental and technological advances have made it necessary to come to terms with counterintuitive consequences of electromagnetic fluctuations at short scales -- in the so called {\it near-field} regime. We focus on three manifestations of such behavior: {\bf (i)} The Stefan--Boltzmann law describes thermal radiation from macroscopic bodies, but fails to account for magnitude, polarization and coherence of radiation from small objects (say compared to the skin depth). {\bf (ii)} The heat transfer between two bodies at similar close proximity is dominated by evanescent waves, and can be several orders of magnitude larger than the classical contribution due to propagating waves. {\bf (iii)} Casimir/van der Waals interactions are a dominant force between objects at sub-micron separation; the non-equilibrium analogs of this force (for objects at different temperatures) have not been sufficiently explored (at least experimentally). To explore these phenomena we introduce the tool of fluctuational quantum electrodynamics (QED) originally introduced by Rytov in the 1950s. Combined with a scattering formalism, this enables studies of heat radiation and transfer, equilibrium and non-equilibrium forces for objects of different material properties, shapes, separations and arrangements.
Characterization of the ionosphere above the Murchison Radio Observatory using the Murchison Widefield Array

We detail new techniques for analysing ionospheric activity, using Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) datasets obtained with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), calibrated by the `Real-Time System' (RTS). Using the high spatial- and temporal-resolution information of the ionosphere provided by the RTS calibration solutions over 19 nights of observing, we find four distinct types of ionospheric activity, and have developed a metric to provide an `at a glance' value for data quality under differing ionospheric conditions. For each ionospheric type, we analyse variations of this metric as we reduce the number of pierce points, revealing that a modest number of pierce points is required to identify the intensity of ionospheric activity; it is possible to calibrate in real-time, providing continuous information of the phase screen. We also analyse temporal correlations, determine diffractive scales, examine the relative fractions of time occupied by various types of ionospheric activity, and detail a method to reconstruct the total electron content responsible for the ionospheric data we observe. These techniques have been developed to be instrument agnostic, useful for application on LOFAR and SKA-Low.
A deep dive into NGC 604 with Gemini/NIRI imaging

Abstract The giant Hii region NGC 604 constitutes a complex and rich population to study in detail many aspects of massive star formation, such as their environments and physical conditions, the evolutionary processes involved, the initial mass function for massive stars and star-formation rates, among many others. Here, we present our first results of a near-infrared study of NGC 604 performed with NIRI images obtained with Gemini North. Based on deep JHK photometry, 164 sources showing infrared excess were detected, pointing to the places where we should look for star-formation processes currently taking place. In addition, the color–color diagram reveals a great number of objects that could be giant/supergiant stars or unresolved, small, tight clusters. An extinction map obtained based on narrow-band images is also shown.
Numerical Verification of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture for Hyperelliptic Curves of Higher Genus over ℚ up to Squares

Abstract The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture has been numerically verified for the Jacobians of 32 modular hyperelliptic curves of genus 2 by Flynn, Leprévost, Schaefer, Stein, Stoll and Wetherell, using modular methods. In the calculation of the real period, there is a slight inaccuracy, which might give problems for curves with non-reduced components in the special fiber of their Néron model. In this present article, we explain how the real period can be computed, and how the verification has been extended to many more hyperelliptic curves, some of genus 3, 4, and 5, without using modular methods.