Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appearance-based 3D object recognition with time-invariant features

In this paper we explore the interlink between temporally dense view-based object recognition and sparse image representations with local keypoints. The temporal component is an add on that allows us to extract information which is distinctive of a given object in a given view-point range. We use temporal descriptions both for training and for testing. In the training phase each image sequence contains one object only, observed at different view points. At run time video shots are analyzed looking for known objects. Train and test video shots are represented by a structure of scale-space keypoints selected so that they are robust to view-point changes. In the matching phase we emphasize co-occurring keypoints and attenuate the importance of isolated points, both in the model and in the test representation. With our prototype recognition system we obtained very good results in controlled and unconstrained environments, setting the ground for real world applications such as automatic place recognition, or robot object grasping.
Associations between Secondary School Pupils' Definitions of Bullying, Attitudes towards Bullying, and Tendencies to Engage in Bullying: Age and sex differences

A self-report questionnaire about involvement in different types of bullying, what behaviours were regarded as bullying, and attitudes towards bullying, bullies and victims was completed by pupils in Year 7 (aged 11/12) through to Year 10 (aged 14/15) ( n = 170). Overall, direct verbal assault was the most commonly reported, and stealing the least frequently reported, type of bullying. For six specific types of bullying investigated, and for a composite measure of all types of bullying, significantly fewer Year 9 pupils than pupils in the other three years reported that they had behaved in these ways in the previous week. No significant sex differences emerged on these measures. These findings suggest that general patterns in bullying activities as a function of age and sex obtained in previous studies do not always hold. Although most pupils indicated that they thought that six out of eight types of behaviour viewed as bullying by researchers should be regarded as bullying, a substantial minority did not. The present study also extended bullying research by examining associations between pupils' definitions and attitudes towards bullying and their reports of bullying others. For one specific type of bullying, 'Forcing people to do things that they don't want to do', significantly fewer pupils who reported that they had behaved in this way than who reported that they had not done so included it in their definition of bullying. A consistent pattern of significant negative correlations of moderate size between attitudes and self-reported involvement in specific types of bullying were obtained. The implications of these findings for those concerned with tackling bullying in schools were discussed.
[The effects of FSH,LH and insulin on steroids production by granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries syndrome].

OBJECTIVES To investigate steroids production of granulosa cells obtained from normal ovaries and polycystic ovaries from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients under FSH, LH and insulin stimulation. METHODS Granulosa cells of 33 folicles from 18 pairs of normal ovaries and about 100 folicles from 8 pairs of PCOS were cultured. Estrodial (E2) and progesterone (P) accumulation in the medium was determined under different incubated conditions by RIA. RESULTS Granulosa cells from PCOS produced more E2(P < 0.05-0.01) under basal, FSH and insulin stimulation and more P (P < 0.05-0.01) under FSH, LH and insulin stimulation than controls. Insulin markedly augmented FSH and LH-stimulated steroid accumulation by two groups of granulosa cells. Granulosa cells from PCOS with peripheral insulin resistance also responded to insulin. CONCLUSION Enzymes for steroids synthesis in granulosa cells from PCOS may be activated in vivo, and hyperinsulinisma and elevated LH levels in PCOS may be contributable.
Effects of External Mg2+ on the Na‐Ca Exchange Current in Guinea Pig Cardiac Myocytes

Na-Ca exchange plays an important physiological role as a regulator of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+Ii) in cardiac myocytes. '*2 Since the stoichiometry is 3 : 1, the Na-Ca exchange generates a membrane current, which can operate as an inward or an outward current depending on the membrane potential, internal and external [Ca2+] and [Nat]. 3.4 Among the external ions physiologically present, the effect of "at], and [Ca2+], on the Na-Ca exchange current has so far been investigated.5-6 Mg2+, has been known to inhibit the Na-Ca exchanger in cardiac sarcolemmal However, there have been only a few quantitative reports on the blocking effect of Mg2+ in intact cardiac cells. In the present study, the effect of Mg*+, on the Na-Ca exchange current was investigated quantitatively in guinea pig single ventricular cells.
Steering a robot with vanishing points

The paper analyzes the use of vanishing points for steering a robot. Parallel lines in the environment of the robot are used to compute vanishing points which serve as a reference for guiding the robot. To accomplish the steering task, three subtasks are performed: detection of straight lines, computation of vanishing points, and robot steering using vanishing points. Straight lines are detected by employing a high precision edge detector and a line-fitting algorithm. The cross product method introduced by Magee and Aggarwal (1984) is modified to make the detection of vanishing points appropriate for an indoor environment. Properties of vanishing points under camera rotation and translation are derived. Using these properties, the location of the vanishing points can serve as a reference for steering the robot. A model of the robot environment is defined, summarizing the minimum number of constraints necessary for the method to work. Finally, the limitations as well as the advantages of using vanishing points in robot navigation are discussed. >
Assessing contaminated sediments in the context of multiple stressors

Sediments have a major role in ecosystem functioning but can also act as physical or chemical stressors. Anthropogenic activities may change the chemical constituency of sediments and the rate, frequency, and extent of sediment transport, deposition, and resuspension. The importance of sediments as stressors will depend on site ecosystem attributes and the magnitude and preponderance of co‐occurring stressors. Contaminants are usually of greater ecological consequence in human‐modified, depositional environments, where other anthropogenic stressors often co‐occur. Risk assessments and restoration strategies should better consider the role of chemical contamination in the context of multiple stressors. There have been numerous advances in the temporal and spatial characterization of stressor exposures and quantification of biological responses. Contaminated sediments causing biological impairment tend to be patchy, whereas more pervasive anthropogenic stressors, such as alterations to habitat and flow, physical disturbance, and nutrient addition, may drive large‐scale ecosystem responses. A systematic assessment of relevant ecosystem attributes and reference conditions can assist in understanding the importance of sediments in the context of other stressors. Experimental manipulations then allow for the controlled study of dominant stressors and the establishment of causal links. This approach will result in more effective management of watersheds and waterways. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2625–2643. © 2010 SETAC
A Query Processing Method Considering the Characteristic of Energy Consumption for Broadcast Database Systems

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in a broadcast database system where the server periodically broadcasts contents of a database to mobile clients such as PDAs and smart phones. There are three query processing methods in the broadcast database system. Generally, mobile clients have limits in energy consumption, i.e., battery,and each of the three methods consumes different amount of energy for query processing. In this paper, we propose a new method which dynamically chooses one of the three query processing methods considering energy consumption.
Species Tree Inference Using a Mixture Model.

Species tree reconstruction has been a subject of substantial research due to its central role across biology and medicine. A species tree is often reconstructed using a set of gene trees or by directly using sequence data. In either of these cases, one of the main confounding phenomena is the discordance between a species tree and a gene tree due to evolutionary events such as duplications and losses. Probabilistic methods can resolve the discordance by coestimating gene trees and the species tree but this approach poses a scalability problem for larger data sets. We present MixTreEM-DLRS: A two-phase approach for reconstructing a species tree in the presence of gene duplications and losses. In the first phase, MixTreEM, a novel structural expectation maximization algorithm based on a mixture model is used to reconstruct a set of candidate species trees, given sequence data for monocopy gene families from the genomes under study. In the second phase, PrIME-DLRS, a method based on the DLRS model (Åkerborg O, Sennblad B, Arvestad L, Lagergren J. 2009. Simultaneous Bayesian gene tree reconstruction and reconciliation analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106(14):5714-5719), is used for selecting the best species tree. PrIME-DLRS can handle multicopy gene families since DLRS, apart from modeling sequence evolution, models gene duplication and loss using a gene evolution model (Arvestad L, Lagergren J, Sennblad B. 2009. The gene evolution model and computing its associated probabilities. J ACM. 56(2):1-44). We evaluate MixTreEM-DLRS using synthetic and biological data, and compare its performance with a recent genome-scale species tree reconstruction method PHYLDOG (Boussau B, Szöllősi GJ, Duret L, Gouy M, Tannier E, Daubin V. 2013. Genome-scale coestimation of species and gene trees. Genome Res. 23(2):323-330) as well as with a fast parsimony-based algorithm Duptree (Wehe A, Bansal MS, Burleigh JG, Eulenstein O. 2008. Duptree: a program for large-scale phylogenetic analyses using gene tree parsimony. Bioinformatics 24(13):1540-1541). Our method is competitive with PHYLDOG in terms of accuracy and runs significantly faster and our method outperforms Duptree in accuracy. The analysis constituted by MixTreEM without DLRS may also be used for selecting the target species tree, yielding a fast and yet accurate algorithm for larger data sets. MixTreEM is freely available at http://prime.scilifelab. se/mixtreem/.
Ecology and Physics of Bacterial Chemotaxis in the Ocean

SUMMARY Intuitively, it may seem that from the perspective of an individual bacterium the ocean is a vast, dilute, and largely homogeneous environment. Microbial oceanographers have typically considered the ocean from this point of view. In reality, marine bacteria inhabit a chemical seascape that is highly heterogeneous down to the microscale, owing to ubiquitous nutrient patches, plumes, and gradients. Exudation and excretion of dissolved matter by larger organisms, lysis events, particles, animal surfaces, and fluxes from the sediment-water interface all contribute to create strong and pervasive heterogeneity, where chemotaxis may provide a significant fitness advantage to bacteria. The dynamic nature of the ocean imposes strong selective pressures on bacterial foraging strategies, and many marine bacteria indeed display adaptations that characterize their chemotactic motility as “high performance” compared to that of enteric model organisms. Fast swimming speeds, strongly directional responses, and effective turning and steering strategies ensure that marine bacteria can successfully use chemotaxis to very rapidly respond to chemical gradients in the ocean. These fast responses are advantageous in a broad range of ecological processes, including attaching to particles, exploiting particle plumes, retaining position close to phytoplankton cells, colonizing host animals, and hovering at a preferred height above the sediment-water interface. At larger scales, these responses can impact ocean biogeochemistry by increasing the rates of chemical transformation, influencing the flux of sinking material, and potentially altering the balance of biomass incorporation versus respiration. This review highlights the physical and ecological processes underpinning bacterial motility and chemotaxis in the ocean, describes the current state of knowledge of chemotaxis in marine bacteria, and summarizes our understanding of how these microscale dynamics scale up to affect ecosystem-scale processes in the sea.
Expanding the Marine Virosphere Using Metagenomics

Viruses infecting prokaryotic cells (phages) are the most abundant entities of the biosphere and contain a largely uncharted wealth of genomic diversity. They play a critical role in the biology of their hosts and in ecosystem functioning at large. The classical approaches studying phages require isolation from a pure culture of the host. Direct sequencing approaches have been hampered by the small amounts of phage DNA present in most natural habitats and the difficulty in applying meta-omic approaches, such as annotation of small reads and assembly. Serendipitously, it has been discovered that cellular metagenomes of highly productive ocean waters (the deep chlorophyll maximum) contain significant amounts of viral DNA derived from cells undergoing the lytic cycle. We have taken advantage of this phenomenon to retrieve metagenomic fosmids containing viral DNA from a Mediterranean deep chlorophyll maximum sample. This method allowed description of complete genomes of 208 new marine phages. The diversity of these genomes was remarkable, contributing 21 genomic groups of tailed bacteriophages of which 10 are completely new. Sequence based methods have allowed host assignment to many of them. These predicted hosts represent a wide variety of important marine prokaryotic microbes like members of SAR11 and SAR116 clades, Cyanobacteria and also the newly described low GC Actinobacteria. A metavirome constructed from the same habitat showed that many of the new phage genomes were abundantly represented. Furthermore, other available metaviromes also indicated that some of the new phages are globally distributed in low to medium latitude ocean waters. The availability of many genomes from the same sample allows a direct approach to viral population genomics confirming the remarkable mosaicism of phage genomes.
Overcoming Bandwidth Limitations in Visual Computing

Because visual computations are very data intensive they are often limited by the bandwidth of the system rather than its peak computational performance. The trend towards many-core architectures exacerbates the problem because the parallel cores let the compute capability grow exponentially while the system bandwidth increases only linearly. At the core of the bandwidth problem in visual computing are iterative loops over discrete local operators. A typical representative is a stencil computation with constants weights or a sparse matrix vector product in case of variable weights. This computations are bandwidth limited because of their low arithmetic intensity. We have developed techniques that accelerate these loops beyond the peak bandwidth limit. While different cache friendly approaches have been tried in the past, they have never been so successful. For example our quad-core Xeon X5482 3.2GHz system reaches 25.1 GFLOPS in double precision on a stencil computation in registers. On a large 3D domain of 500 doubles and 100 iterations a handvectorized single-threaded naive stencil implementation achieves 1.6 GFLOPS and there is no improvement in the multi-threaded version because the system memory bandwidth limits the performance. A state-of-art automatic loop transformation framework Pluto [1] achieves 1.9 GFLOPS for this stencil computation with four threads. In comparison, our scheme performs already at 5.3 GFLOPS with a single thread and soars to 13.0 GFLOPS with four threads.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Secondary to Cancer Chemotherapy

Increased long-term survival seen in patients with solid and hematologic cancers achieved as a result of aggressive chemoradiotherapy has come at a price. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia has been frequently documented in these patient cohorts, and its biology well studied. Recognition of secondary non-Hodgkin lymphoma as a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in these patients is equally important. The patterns of incidence and latency of secondary lymphomas is distinct from that of myeloid malignancies and other solid cancers. We have systematically analyzed and summarized reports from various groups over the last three decades. Risk of secondary lymphomas increases after the first 5 years of completion of chemotherapy or radiotherapy and persists for more than three decades. This reinforces the need for long-term follow-up of all patients exposed to chemoradiotherapy and confirms that chemotherapeutic agents can cause lymphoma. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):377–80)
Knowledge in Use

By now there is a considerable literature about the way in which decision makers, professionals, and others use the results of scientific studies and formal expertise. The study of knowledge utilization has become a vigorous field of inquiry as well as of practice. However, what we know does not as yet form a coherent picture and of course it would be premature to speak of a body of theory on knowledge utilization. It is therefore reasonable to reflect on the scope and structure of the conceptual organizing scheme to see how different foci of research on knowledge in use might relate to each other as well as to more general sociological knowledge. The framework of ideas developed in this article attempts some coherent grouping of concepts and issues. It is undoubtedly incomplete but may serve as a heuristic for (1) exploring relationships among the growing number of concepts and empirical findings and (2) indicating gaps where further research is needed. The article begins with a discussion of the different images of knowledge utilization that have not only guided past research but have resulted in an extensive thoughunsystematic accumulation of conceptual schemas, concepts, and research findings. The framework offered as an organizing device begins with the ideas
Orthogonal Machine Learning: Power and Limitations

Double machine learning provides $\sqrt{n}$-consistent estimates of parameters of interest even when high-dimensional or nonparametric nuisance parameters are estimated at an $n^{-1/4}$ rate. The key is to employ Neyman-orthogonal moment equations which are first-order insensitive to perturbations in the nuisance parameters. We show that the $n^{-1/4}$ requirement can be improved to $n^{-1/(2k+2)}$ by employing a $k$-th order notion of orthogonality that grants robustness to more complex or higher-dimensional nuisance parameters. In the partially linear regression setting popular in causal inference, we show that we can construct second-order orthogonal moments if and only if the treatment residual is not normally distributed. Our proof relies on Stein's lemma and may be of independent interest. We conclude by demonstrating the robustness benefits of an explicit doubly-orthogonal estimation procedure for treatment effect.
Language management and the East African Community

Within the emerging discourse of language management, there is an increasing realisation of the strategic role that language plays in multinational and supranational contexts. The article discusses the strategic role that language can and should play within the East African Community (EAC). The discussion is presented in four parts: the first presents an exploratory discussion on the theory and practice of language management. The second provides key statistics on the EAC, including the language profiles and language policies of EAC member states and the language policy of EAC organs. Part three discusses some language management issues within the EAC. The final part of the article argues for the centrality of language management within the EAC.
Imitation and the Emergence of Segments

Abstract The paper argues that the discrete phonetic segments on which language is raised are subjective gestural structures that emerge ontogenetically (and perhaps emerged evolutionarily) from the process of imitating a quasi-continuous acoustic signal with a neuroanatomically segmented and somatotopically organized vocal machinery. Evidence cited for somatotopic organization includes the perceptual salience in the speech signal of information specifying place of articulation, as revealed both by sine wave speech and by the pattern of errors in children’s early words.Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel‘Almost every insight gained by modern linguistics, from Grimm’s Law to Jakobson’s distinctive features, depends crucially on the assumption that speech is a sequence of discrete entities. ’Morris Halle [1964, p. 325]
COMPUTER PROGRAMS: nessi: a program for numerical estimations in sporophytic self‐incompatibility genetic systems

nessi is a computer program generating predictions about allelic and genotypic frequencies at the S‐locus in sporophytic self‐incompatibility systems under finite and infinite populations. For any pattern of dominance relationships among self‐incompatibility alleles, nessi computes deterministic equilibrium frequencies and estimates distributions in samples from finite populations of the number of alleles at equilibrium, allelic and genotypic frequencies at equilibrium and allelic and genotypic frequency changes in a single generation. These predictions can be used to rigorously test the impact of negative frequency‐dependent selection on diversity patterns in natural populations.
Regulaciones y normas en lo público y lo colectivo: exploraciones desde el laboratorio económico

La internalizacion de las externalidades de grupo derivadas del dilema entre el interes individual y el interes social requieren el diseno de instituciones a traves del mercado, el estado o de formas auto-gobernadas que generen en los agentes un cambio en los incentivos pecuniarios o no materiales que los lleven a tomar decisiones que sean socialmente deseables. El enfoque economico convencional en el analisis de la aplicacion de las leyes propone que quienes optan por incumplir las leyes perciben un beneficio mas alto que el costo esperado de la regulacion por parte del estado. A traves de una serie de experimentos economicos se explora esta hipotesis para el caso de un problema tipico de bienes publicos o de extraccion de recursos en donde se presenta una externalidad de grupo y una regulacion que es parcialmente monitoreada y sancionada. Los resultados sugieren que la respuesta estrategica de los individuos a los diferentes costos esperados de la regulacion confirma solo parcialmente la hipotesis. Ademas de los costos materiales del incumplimiento, los individuos incorporan otros elementos en su proceso cognitivo que moldean su comportamiento.