Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ensemble modeling for the potential distribution of invasive weed Verbesina encelioides in South Africa from 2020 to 2090

Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. Fil ex Gray (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb species belonging to the family Asteraceae. The plant is an aggressive obligate outbreeder weed that has invaded vast expanses of pastures, orchards, and forest areas in tropical and subtropical regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of current and potential future habitats for V. encelioides, an invasive weed in South Africa, using species distribution modelling techniques with the sdm package in R. The result of the ensemble model, based on current climatic conditions, highlights that Verbesina encelioides has a high probability of occurrence in all nine provinces of South Africa, across all the projected future scenarios, namely, 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2090. Area values ranged from 810,612.09 km 2 in 2070, an increase of 4.23% over the current projection, to 663,356.44 km 2 in 2090, a decrease of 14.7% from the current projection. The outcome of these predictions showed that V. encelioides would benefit from the predicted climate change in South Africa. The findings could be used as a warning to implement early detection and a
Metal enrichment signatures of the first stars on high-z DLAs

We use numerical N-body hydrodynamical simulations with varying PopIII stellar models to investigate the possibility of detecting first star signatures with observations of high-redshift damped Lya absorbers (DLAs). The simulations include atomic and molecular cooling, star formation, energy feedback and metal spreading due to the evolution of stars with a range of masses and metallicities. Different initial mass functions (IMFs) and corresponding metaldependent yields and lifetimes are adopted to model primordial stellar populations. The DLAs in the simulations are selected according to either the local gas temperature (temperature selected) or the host mass (mass selected). We find that 3 per cent (40 per cent) of mass (temperature)-selected high-z (z = 5.5) DLAs retain signatures of pollution from PopIII stars, independent of the first star model. Such DLAs have low halo mass (< 109.6 M-circle dot), metallicity (< 10(-3) Z(circle dot)) and star formation rate (< 10(-1.5) M-circle dot yr(-1)). Metal abundance ratios of DLAs imprinted in the spectra of quasi-stellar object can be useful as tools to infer the properties of the polluting stellar generation and to constrain the first star mass ranges. Comparing the abundance ratios derived from our simulations to those observed in DLAs at z = 5, we find that most of these DLAs are consistent within errors with PopII star dominated enrichment and strongly disfavour the pollution pattern of very massive first stars (i.e. 100-500 M-circle dot). However, some of them could still result from the pollution of first stars in the mass range [0.1, 100] M-circle dot. In particular, we find that the abundance ratios from SDSS J1202+ 3235 are consistent with those expected from PopIII enrichment dominated by massive (but not extreme) first stars.
Properties of the defect modes in 1D lossy photonic crystals containing two types of negative-index-material defects

In this paper, the characteristic matrix method is employed to theoretically investigate the propagation of electromagnetic waves through one-dimensional defective lossy photonic crystals composed of negative-index materials (NIMs) and positive-index materials. We consider symmetric and asymmetric geometric structures with two different types of NIM defect layers at the center of the structure. The effects of polarization and the angle of incidence on the defect modes in the transmission spectra of both the structures are investigated. The results show that the number of the defect modes within the photonic band gap depends on the type of the NIM defect layer and is independent of the geometrical structure. Moreover, it is shown that the defect mode frequency increases as the angle of incidence increases. This property is also independent of the geometry of the structure. The results can lead to designing new types of narrowband and multichannel transmission filters.
A new action for simplicial gravity in four dimensions

We develop a proposal for a theory of simplicial gravity with spinors as the fundamental configuration variables. The underlying action describes a mechanical system with finitely many degrees of freedom, the system has a Hamiltonian and local gauge symmetries. We will close with some comments on the resulting quantum theory, and explain the relation to loop quantum gravity and twisted geometries. The paper appears in parallel with an article by Cortês and Smolin (2014 arXiv:1407.0032), who study the relevance of the model for energetic causal sets and various other approaches to quantum gravity.
Entanglement dynamics of three-qubit states in local many-sided noisy channels

We study entanglement dynamics of pure three-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-type entangled states when one, two or three qubits are subjected to general local noise. Employing a lower bound for three-qubit concurrence as an entanglement measure, we show that for some many-sided noisy channels the entanglement dynamics can be completely described by the evolution of the entangled states in single-sided channels.
Control Design of Series-Connected PV-Powered Grid-Forming Converters via Singular Perturbation

Modular architectures that consist of several series-connected dc–ac converters have been a focal point of recent innovations in transformerless medium-voltage applications. In this article, we consider an architecture consisting of dc–ac modules containing a quadruple active bridge dc–dc converter, which generates three floating dc links that feed grid-side dc–ac inverters. Practical implementation of such a converter module in photovoltaic systems requires a variety of controllers that collectively achieve maximum power point tracking, dc-link regulation, and ac-side power control. Design of such multiloop systems is generally quite challenging due to the potential for destabilizing interactions among loops. Here, we propose a design approach where singular perturbation theory is used to decompose the timescales at which each control loop operates and provides a systematic framework for parametric selection. Our approach also ensures system stability of multiple modules with identical controls connected in series across a grid. This article concludes with experimental results of three 1000-W series-connected converter modules across a stiff grid.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Pada Keterlambatan Penyampaian Hasil Audit

Audited financial reports must be published by companies registered and traded on the stock exchange market on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The length of time the audit of financial statements is carried out by the auditor sometimes makes the audited financial statements late for publication or commonly called audit delay. This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of profitability, auditor gender, IFRS convergence and reputation KAP on audit delay. The research was conducted on banking sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2017 period. The research method used a quantitative approach. The source of this research used secondary data sourced from the annual report of various sector companies in the banking sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research data was taken using purposive sampling. The analysis technique is done by classical assumption test, multiple linear regression. The results of the study found that Auditor gender hasn`t significant negative effect on audit delay. IFRS convergence hasn`t significant negative effect on audit delay. Reputation KAP has a significant negative effect on audit delay. The implication of the research results is that companies going public and listed on the IDX can appoint a KAP with a good reputation and it is recommended that the implementation of IFRS convergence is carried out earlier.
Coordination Polymers of Polyphenyl-Substituted Potassium Cyclopentadienides

A series of potassium salts of di- and tri-arylsubstituted cyclopentadienes has been obtained by the metalation of the corresponding cyclopentadienes with benzylpotassium in THF media. Crystals of all compounds, afforded by recrystallization from THF/hexane, diglyme-THF/hexane and toluene/hexane mixtures, have been studied by X-ray diffraction. All studied potassium cyclopentadienides exhibit the luminescence at room temperature and overall quantum yield of photoluminescence for potassium salt of diarylsubstituted cyclopentadiene is 18%.
Entropy production in classical Yang-Mills theory from Glasma initial conditions

We study the thermalization process in classical Yang-Mills (CYM) field theory starting from noisy glasma-like initial conditions by investigating the initial-value sensitivity of trajectories. Kunihiro et al. linked entropy generation to the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, which gives the entropy production rate in classical chaotic systems, calculated numerically for CYM fields starting from purely random initial field configurations. In contrast, we here study glasma-like initial conditions. For small random fluctuations we obtain qualitatively similar results while no entropy increase is observed when such fluctuations are absent. We analyze the intermediate time Lyapunov spectrum for several time windows and calculate the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. We find a large number of positive Lyapunov exponents at the early stages of time evolution. Also for later times their number is a sizeable fraction of the total number of degrees of freedom. The spectrum of positive Lyapunov exponents at first changes rapidly, but then stabilizes, indicating that the dynamics of the gauge fields approaches a steady state. Thus we conclude that also for glasma-like initial conditions a significant amount of entropy is produced by classical gluon field dynamics.
Understanding patient characteristics and medication prescriptions in children with mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders referred to a sleep clinic—A quality improvement/quality assurance analysis

Introduction Motivated by challenges faced in outpatient sleep services for mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders (MHNDD) during the COVID-19 clinical shutdown, a pan-Canadian/international working group of clinicians and social scientists developed a concept for capturing challenging sleep and wake behaviours already at the referral stage in the community setting. Methods In a quality improvement/quality assurance (QIQA) project, a visual logic model was the framework for identifying the multiple causes and possible interventions for sleep disturbances. Intake forms informed clinicians about situational experiences, goals/concerns, in addition to the questions from the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC), the ADHD Rating Scale-IV and medication history. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample. Results 66% of the pilot study patients (n = 41) scored in the SDSC red domains (highest scoring) with highest sub-scores for insomnia (falling asleep 73%; staying asleep: 51%) and daytime somnolence (27%). A total of 90% of patients were taking at least one medication; 59% sleep initiation/sleep medications, 41% in combination with further non-stimulant medications, 9% with stimulants, 27% with antidepressants and 18% with antipsychotics. Polypharmacy was observed in 62% of all patients and in 73% of the ones medicated for sleep disturbances. Qualitative information supported individualisation of assessments. Conclusion Our intake process enabled a comprehensive understanding of patients’ sleep and wake profiles prior to assessment, at the referral stage. The high prevalence of insomnia in patients, combined with polypharmacy, requires special attention in the triaging process at the community level.
Accelerating cosmology in modified gravity: From convenient F(R) or string-inspired theory to bimetric F(R) gravity

We consider modified gravity which may describe the early-time inflation and/or late-time cosmic acceleration of the universe. In particular, we discuss the properties of F(R), F(G), string-inspired and scalar-Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravities, including their FRW equations and fluid or scalar-tensor description. Simplest accelerating cosmologies are investigated and possibility of unified description of the inflation with dark energy is described. The cosmological reconstruction program which permits to get the requested universe evolution from modified gravity is developed. As some extension, massive F(R) bigravity which is ghost-free theory is presented. Its scalar-tensor form turns out to be the easiest formulation. The cosmological reconstruction method for such bigravity is presented. The unified description of inflation with dark energy in F(R) bigravity turns out to be possible.
Channel–Spatial Segmentation Network for Classifying Leaf Diseases

Agriculture is an important resource for the global economy, while plant disease causes devastating yield loss. To control plant disease, every country around the world spends trillions of dollars on disease management. Some of the recent solutions are based on the utilization of computer vision techniques in plant science which helps to monitor crop industries such as tomato, maize, grape, citrus, potato and cassava, and other crops. The attention-based CNN network has become effective in plant disease prediction. However, existing approaches are less precise in detecting minute-scale disease in the leaves. Our proposed Channel–Spatial segmentation network will help to determine the disease in the leaf, and it consists of two main stages: (a) channel attention discriminates diseased and healthy parts as well as channel-focused features, and (b) spatial attention consumes channel-focused features and highlights the diseased part for the final prediction process. This investigation forms a channel and spatial attention in a sequential way to identify diseased and healthy leaves. Finally, identified leaf diseases are divided into Mild, Medium, Severe, and Healthy. Our model successfully predicts the diseased leaves with the highest accuracy of 99.76%. Our research study shows evaluation metrics, comparison studies, and expert analysis to comprehend the network performance. This concludes that the Channel–Spatial segmentation network can be used effectively to diagnose different disease degrees based on a combination of image processing and statistical calculation.
Blackfolds in (anti)-de Sitter backgrounds

We construct different neutral blackfold solutions in Anti-de Sitter and de Sitter background spacetimes in the limit where the cosmological constant is taken to be much smaller than the horizon size. This includes a class of blackfolds with horizons that are products of odd-spheres times a transverse sphere, for which the thermodynamic stability is also studied. Moreover, we exhibit a specific case in which the same blackfold solution can describe different limiting black hole spacetimes therefore illustrating the geometric character of the blackfold approach. Furthermore, we show that the higher-dimensional Kerr-(Anti)-de Sitter black hole allows for ultraspinning regimes in the same limit under consideration and demonstrate that this is correctly described by a pancaked blackfold geometry. We also give evidence for the possibility of saturating the rigidity theorem in these backgrounds.
Phases of attractive spin-imbalanced fermions in square lattices

We determine the relative stability of different ground-state phases of spin-imbalanced popula- tions of attractive fermions in square lattices. The phases are systematically characterized by the symmetry of the order parameter and the real- and momentum-space structures using Hartree- Fock-Bogoliubov theory. We find several type of unidirectional Larkin-Ovchinikov-type phases. We discuss the effect of commensuration between the ordering wave vector and the density imbalance, and describe the mechanism of Fermi surface reconstruction and pairing for various orders. A robust supersolid phase is shown to exist when the ordering wave vector is diagonally directed.
Feasibility Study on the Radiation Dose by Radioactive Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Open-Source Brachytherapy

Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women across the world. Most of these patients are diagnosed in an early stage, having only one small tumor. Treatment for these early-stage tumors often includes surgery followed by external beam radiotherapy. While highly effective, this treatment can be time-consuming, taking a few months to complete. This work investigates a new treatment where surgery is replaced by thermal ablation using magnetic nanoparticles. By making these nanoparticles also radioactive, radiotherapy and thermal ablation can be combined in one single treatment. We have investigated the radiation dose profiles of these radioactive magnetic nanoparticles using Monte Carlo computer simulations. It was found that the dose profiles are similar to commercial radioactive sources already used in the clinic. This indicates that the nanoparticles are suited to deliver a clinical dose to the patient, bringing this new treatment a step closer to introduction into the clinic. Abstract Background: Treatment of early-stage breast cancer currently includes surgical removal of the tumor and (partial) breast irradiation of the tumor site performed at fractionated dose. Although highly effective, this treatment is exhaustive for both patient and clinic. In this study, the theoretical potential of an alternative treatment combining thermal ablation with low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy using radioactive magnetic nanoparticles (RMNPs) containing 103-palladium was researched. Methods: The radiation dose characteristics and emission spectra of a single RMNP were calculated, and dose distributions of a commercial brachytherapy seed and an RMNP brachytherapy seed were simulated using Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. Results: It was found that the RMNP seeds deliver a therapeutic dose similar to currently used commercial seed, while the dose distribution shows a spherical fall off compared to the more inhomogeneous dose distribution of the commercial seed. Changes in shell thickness only changed the dose profile between 2 × 10−4 mm and 3 × 10−4 mm radial distance to the RMNP, not effecting long-range dose. Conclusion: The dose distribution of the RMNP seed is comparable with current commercial brachytherapy seeds, while anisotropy of the dose distribution is reduced. Because this reduces the dependency of the dose distribution on the orientation of the seed, their surgical placement is easier. This supports the feasibility of the clinical application of the proposed novel treatment modality.
NGC 5195 IN M51: FEEDBACK “BURPS” AFTER A MASSIVE MEAL?

We describe a double-arc-like X-ray structure lying ∼15″–30″ (∼0.8–1.7 kpc) south of the NGC 5195 nucleus, visible in the merged exposures of long Chandra pointings of M51. The curvature and orientation of the arcs argues for a nuclear origin. The arcs are radially separated by ∼15″ (∼1 kpc), but are rotated relative to each other by ∼30°. From an archival image, we find a slender Hα-emitting region just outside the outer edge of the outer X-ray arc, suggesting that the X-ray-emitting gas plowed up and displaced the Hα-emitting material from the galaxy core. Star formation may have commenced in that arc. Hα emission is present at the inner arc, but appears more complex in structure. In contrast to an explosion expected to be azimuthally symmetric, the X-ray arcs suggest a focused outflow. We interpret the arcs as episodic outbursts from the central super-massive black hole (SMBH). We conclude that NGC 5195 represents the nearest galaxy exhibiting on-going, large-scale outflows of gas, in particular, two episodes of a focused outburst of the SMBH. The arcs represent a clear demonstration of feedback.
Interacting galaxies on FIRE-2: the connection between enhanced star formation and interstellar gas content

We present a comprehensive suite of high-resolution (parsec-scale), idealised (non-cosmological) galaxy merger simulations (24 runs, stellar mass ratio ~2.5:1) to investigate the connection between interaction-induced star formation and the evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM) in various temperature-density regimes. We use the GIZMO code and the second version of the 'Feedback in Realistic Environments' model (FIRE-2), which captures the multi-phase structure of the ISM. Our simulations are designed to represent galaxy mergers in the local Universe. In this work, we focus on the 'galaxy-pair period' between first and second pericentric passage. We split the ISM into four regimes: hot, warm, cool and cold-dense, motivated by the hot, ionised, atomic and molecular gas phases observed in real galaxies. We find that, on average, interactions enhance the star formation rate of the pair (~30%, merger-suite sample average) and elevate their cold-dense gas content (~18%). This is accompanied by a decrease in warm gas (~11%), a negligible change in cool gas (~4% increase), and a substantial increase in hot gas (~400%). The amount of cold-dense gas with densities above 1000 cm^3 (the cold ultra-dense regime) is elevated significantly (~240%), but only accounts for 0.15% (on average) of the cold-dense gas budget.
Multi-strange particle production in relativistic heavy ion collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}}=62.4 GeV

We present preliminary STAR results on measurements of multi-strange particles Θ, Ω and their anti-particles from Au+Au and Cu+Cu at √s NN = 62.4 GeV collisions. In order to better understand the role of strangeness enhancement in nucleus-nucleus collisions and its scaling properties with system size, we compare the results from Au+Au and Cu+Cu reactions for different event centrality classes. Strangeness enhancement is discussed in the context of multi-strange to pion ratios. Finally, the Ω/φ ratio is shown for different systems and energies for a systematic study.
Decoherence and lead-induced interdot coupling in nonequilibrium electron transport through interacting quantum dots: A hierarchical quantum master equation approach

The interplay between interference effects and electron-electron interactions in electron transport through an interacting double quantum dot system is investigated using a hierarchical quantum master equation approach which becomes exact if carried to infinite order and converges well if the temperature is not too low. Decoherence due to electron-electron interactions is found to give rise to pronounced negative differential resistance, enhanced broadening of structures in current-voltage characteristics and an inversion of the electronic population. Dependence on gate voltage is shown to be a useful method of distinguishing decoherence-induced phenomena from effects induced by other mechanisms such as the presence of a blocking state. Comparison of results obtained by the hierarchical quantum master equation approach to those obtained from the Born-Markov approximation to the Nakajima-Zwanzig equation and from the non-crossing approximation to the nonequilibrium Green's function reveals the importance of an inter-dot coupling that originates from the energy dependence of the conduction bands in the leads and the need for a systematic perturbative expansion.