Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Loanword Diffusion in Changing Adaptation Patterns: A Study of Coronal Stops in Japanese Borrowings *

Optimality-Theoretic analyses of loanword phonology account for the phonological adaptations seen in loanwords using one of two mechanisms: markedness constraints in the phonology of L1 speakers, and perceptual biases affecting the input. However, while these analyses may be able to account for the synchronic behavior of a single speaker in borrowing a particular loanword, they cannot easily account for the systematic change over time in loanword adaptation patterns seen in a speech community that is becoming more bilingual in L2. After examining the adaptation patterns affecting coronal stops before high front vowels in Japanese loanwords, I will argue that the nativization of [ti] and [di] sequences in early loans was not caused by a highly ranked markedness constraint forbidding these sequences, but rather emerged from the cumulative misperceptions and misproductions of loanwords containing [ti] and [di] as they spread throughout the Japanese speech community.
Molines - towards a responsive Web platform for flood forecasting and risk mitigation

This paper presents an innovative real-time information system for enhanced support to flood risk emergency in urban and nearby coastal areas, targeting multiple users with distinct access privileges. The platform addresses several user requirements such as (1) fast, online access to relevant georeferenced information from wireless sensors, high-resolution forecasts and comprehensive risk analysis; and, (2) the ability for a two-way interaction with civil protection agents in the field. The platform adapts automatically and transparently to any device with data connection. Given its specific purpose, both data protection and tailored-to-purpose products are accounted for through user specific access roles. This paper presents the platform's overall architecture and the technologies adopted for server-side, focusing on communication with the front-end and with the wireless sensor network, and the user interface development, using state-of-the-art frameworks for cross-platform standardized development. The advantages of the adopted solution are demonstrated for the Tagus estuary inundation information system.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 2008 Investigating the Buy-Side ' s Adoption Decision for Technology-Driven Execution Opportunities : An Extension of TAM for an Organizational Adoption Context

Within the securities trading industry recent techn ological innovations enable Institutional Investors to self-directed trading and thus lead to a reasses ment of their intermediation relationships. This m ay yield to an in-sourcing of trading activities by bu y-side organization. Scientific literature outlines advantages and disadvantages of some of them but no empirical investigations are reported concerning drivers for the adoption or refusal of s uch innovations. Against the background of the increasing market share of technologies, such as Al gorithmic Trading, this conceptual paper introduces a model that aims at closing this gap, b y identifying the drivers and inhibitors for the adoption of new technology-based execution opportun ities. To account for the organizational context of the survey and the meta-character of the innovat i n, the model incorporates the following modifications of TAM: First, a generalization towar ds TRA and TPB in order to account for competitive pressure and inhibitors. Second, the in t gration of TTF, as it is said to exhibit better results for work-related tasks and thus enables the model to account for the fit between the technolog y and the given task requirements. Finally, a perceiv ed risk construct is added, as in an organizational context the adoption of innovations is associated w ith risks.
A Fast and Efficient Strategy for Sub-mesh Allocation with Minimal Allocation Overhead in 3D Mesh Connected Multicomputers

This paper presents a fast and efficient contiguous allocation strategy for 3D mesh multicomputers, referred to as Turning Busy List (TBL for short), which can identify a free sub-mesh of the requested size as long as it exists in the mesh system. Turning means that the orientation of the allocation request is changed when no sub-mesh is available in the requested orientation. The TBL strategy relies on a new approach that maintains a list of allocated sub-meshes to determine all the regions consisting of nodes that cannot be used as base nodes for the requested sub-mesh. These nodes are then subtracted from the right border plane of the allocated sub-meshes to find the nodes that can be used as base nodes for the required sub-mesh size. Results from extensive simulations under a variety of system loads confirm that the TBL strategy incurs much less allocation overhead than all of the existing contiguous allocation strategies for 3D mesh multicomputers and delivers competitive performance in terms of parameters such as the average turnaround times and system utilization. Moreover, the time complexity of the TBL strategy is much lower than that of the existing strategies. Keywords-Contiguous Allocation, Turnaround Time, Utilization, Allocation Overhead, Switching Request Orientation, Simulation.
Discussion of “ Testing for Keynesian Labor Demand ” by Bils , Klenow , Malin ∗

This is a rich and provocative paper, full of ideas and insights on how to use panel data on industries and sectors to test models of nominal rigidities and their implications for labor markets. Without doing proper justice to all that is in this paper, I would summarize its contribution as providing two empirical facts and an argument. The first fact is that expenditures on durables fall proportionately by more than expenditures on non-durables in a recession. Theoretically, expenditures on durables are a small fraction of the stock of the durable, a direct consequence of small rates of depreciation of the stocks. Therefore, if consumers want to keep the level of their stock of durables in line with the level of their consumption of non-durables, they have to proportionately decrease the expenditure on durables by more than the expenditure on non-durables. Empirically, it is well known that aggregate durable spending is more volatile than non-durable spending over the business cycle. The authors further show that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the durability of a sector and the cyclicality of employment or expenditures in that sector. Second, the authors estimate the following regression equation:
Validity of (Ultra-)Short Recordings for Heart Rate Variability Measurements

Objectives In order to investigate the applicability of routine 10s electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings for time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) calculation we explored to what extent these (ultra-)short recordings capture the “actual” HRV. Methods The standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) were measured in 3,387 adults. SDNN and RMSSD were assessed from (ultra)short recordings of 10s(3x), 30s, and 120s and compared to 240s–300s (gold standard) measurements. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r), Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement and Cohen’s d statistics were used as agreement analysis techniques. Results Agreement between the separate 10s recordings and the 240s-300s recording was already substantial (r = 0.758–0.764/Bias = 0.398–0.416/d = 0.855–0.894 for SDNN; r = 0.853–0.862/Bias = 0.079–0.096/d = 0.150–0.171 for RMSSD), and improved further when three 10s periods were averaged (r = 0.863/Bias = 0.406/d = 0.874 for SDNN; r = 0.941/Bias = 0.088/d = 0.167 for RMSSD). Agreement increased with recording length and reached near perfect agreement at 120s (r = 0.956/Bias = 0.064/d = 0.137 for SDNN; r = 0.986/Bias = 0.014/d = 0.027 for RMSSD). For all recording lengths and agreement measures, RMSSD outperformed SDNN. Conclusions Our results confirm that it is unnecessary to use recordings longer than 120s to obtain accurate measures of RMSSD and SDNN in the time domain. Even a single 10s (standard ECG) recording yields a valid RMSSD measurement, although an average over multiple 10s ECGs is preferable. For SDNN we would recommend either 30s or multiple 10s ECGs. Future research projects using time-domain HRV parameters, e.g. genetic epidemiological studies, could calculate HRV from (ultra-)short ECGs enabling such projects to be performed at a large scale.
On the Structure of Low Sets

Over a decade ago, Schoning introduced the con.cept of lown,ess into structural complexity theory. Since then a large body of results has been obtained classifying various complexity classes according to thezr lowness properties. In this paper we highlight some of the more recent advances on selected topics in the area. Among the lowness properties we consider are polynomial-size circuit complexity, membership comparability, approxamability, selectivity, and cheatability. Furthermore, we review some of the recent results conceriiing lowness for counting classes.
Kinesthetic Sensing

The term kinesthesia refers to the perception of limb movement and position, and is often broadly defined to include the perception of force as well. These sensory perceptions originate primarily from the activity of mechanoreceptors in muscles, which provides the central nervous system with information about the static length of muscles, the rate at which muscle length changes, and the forces muscles generate. From these signals comes our awareness of where our limbs are in space, when our limbs have moved, and the mechanical properties of objects (e.g. weight, compliance) with which they interact. Sensory information about changes in limb position and movement also arises from other sources, namely receptors in the skin and joints. These inputs appear to be particularly important for kinesthesia in the hand, as both joint (Clark et al., 1989; Ferrell et al., 1987) and (or) cutaneous anesthesia (Clark et al., 1986) impairs the ability to detect finger movements and perceive finger positions. For more proximal joints, such as the knee, joint and (or) skin anesthesia does not have a significant influence on the perception of limb position (Clark et al., 1979). It appears that for the hand, cutaneous receptors provide an important facilitatory input to the central nervous system that is used to interpret position and movement signals arising from other sources. Cutaneous receptors in the hairy skin on the dorsum of the hand are capable, however, of encoding joint movement very precisely via their responses to stretch of the skin overlying the active joint (Collins & Prochazka, 1996; Edin, 1992). The importance of cutaneous sensory feedback to the perception of finger movements and positions is not surprising in view of the high innervation density of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the hand, and its specialization for tactile exploration and manipulation. This feedback may also be more important for kinesthesia in the hand than for other parts of the body because of the complex anatomical arrangement of muscles, with most muscles acting over several finger joints, which would result in a considerable ambiguity of muscle spindle receptor discharges. In addition to these peripherally originating signals, there is evidence that central (cortical) feedback pathways provide information that is used to decode muscle afferent signals and in the perception of force.
Energy Management in the Decentralized Generation Systems Based on Renewable Energy—Ultracapacitors and Battery to Compensate the Wind/Load Power Fluctuations

This paper presents the energy management for the decentralized generation systems (DGS) using the wind turbine with photovoltaic (PV) panels and the energy storage devices. For a high penetration level of the wind/PV generation, the energy storage device with a fast response is necessary to cover the shortfall or overflow of generation due to sudden variations of the wind or the sun. In addition, the requested energy by the residential appliances presents random behavior, which can be lower or higher than the produced energy from the renewable sources. Using the wind turbine and the PV power generation system with energy storage will reduce the fluctuations of the wind power and the load ones. The energy storage system requires capital investment; thus, it is important to estimate the reasonable storage capacities without an overflow size for the desired applications. In addition, a good strategy for energy management is necessary to reduce the variation impacts of the wind energy and the load for the battery and the residential appliances. The contribution of this paper is focused on energy management based on the frequency approach using the wind/load's fluctuating power sharing and the polynomial controllers. First, this method enables reducing for the battery and the microgrid the impacts of the microcycles due to the wind/load's power fluctuations. Second, it allows estimating the energy storage capacity without the overflow size. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated through some simulations and experimental tests using the summer load profile and the winter ones.
Effects of GC Bias in Next-Generation-Sequencing Data on De Novo Genome Assembly

Next-generation-sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the field of genome assembly because of its much higher data throughput and much lower cost compared with traditional Sanger sequencing. However, NGS poses new computational challenges to de novo genome assembly. Among the challenges, GC bias in NGS data is known to aggravate genome assembly. However, it is not clear to what extent GC bias affects genome assembly in general. In this work, we conduct a systematic analysis on the effects of GC bias on genome assembly. Our analyses reveal that GC bias only lowers assembly completeness when the degree of GC bias is above a threshold. At a strong GC bias, the assembly fragmentation due to GC bias can be explained by the low coverage of reads in the GC-poor or GC-rich regions of a genome. This effect is observed for all the assemblers under study. Increasing the total amount of NGS data thus rescues the assembly fragmentation because of GC bias. However, the amount of data needed for a full rescue depends on the distribution of GC contents. Both low and high coverage depths due to GC bias lower the accuracy of assembly. These pieces of information provide guidance toward a better de novo genome assembly in the presence of GC bias.
Results and conjectures on high rate quantization

Recent results and conjectures are presented regarding the behavior of asymptotically optimal vector quantizers. The principal new results are four lemmas and a corollary relating the distortion and entropy of quantizers and asymptotically optimal quantizers. Several related conjectures (some of which are based on simulations) are made regarding the behavior of asymptotically optimal quantizers.
PURE STATES ON Od

We study representations of the Cuntz algebras Od and their asso- ciated decompositions. In the case that these representations are irreducible, their restrictions to the gauge-invariant subalgebra UHFd have an interesting cyclic structure. If Si, 1 � id, are representatives of the Cuntz relations on a Hilbert space H, special attention is given to the subspaces which are invari- ant under S � i . The applications include wavelet multiresolutions corresponding to wavelets of compact support (to appear in the later paper (BEJ97)), and finitely correlated states on one-dimensional quantum spin chains.
A logical foundation for deductive object-oriented databases

Over the past decade, a large number of deductive object-oriented database languages have been proposed. The earliest of these languages had few object-oriented features, and more and more features have systematically been incorporated in successive languages. However, a language with a clean logical semantics that naturally accounts for all the key object-oriented features, is still missing from the literature. Two features that are currently missing are the encapsulation of rule-based methods in classes, and nonmonotonic behavioral inheritance with overriding, conflict resolution and blocking. This paper introduces the syntax of a language with these features. It then defines a class of databases, called well-defined databases, that have an intuitive meaning and develops a direct logical semantics for this class of databases. The semantics is based on the well-founded semantics from logic programming. The work presented in this paper establishes a firm logical foundation for deductive object-oriented databases.
Efficient phase noise modeling of a PLL-based frequency synthesizer

This paper proposes a computationaly-efficient procedure dedicated to time-domain phase noise (PN) modeling of a phase-locked loop (PLL)-based frequency synthesizer in a radio-frequency (RF) context. The structure proposed is able to describe any kind of PN including thermal and flicker noise regions using time-domain equations. The design process of the phase noise modeling process is detailed. An expression of the estimated mean square error (MSE) of the frequency response of the PN generating system is proposed and compared to a previously proposed PN generating system. The spectral behaviour of the simulated frequency synthesizer is compared to practical PN measurements obtained with a spectral analyzer.
A Visual Structure Representation Language for Conceptual Structures

An advantage of conceptual structures is their capacity to act as a convenient human-computer intermediary in the graphical form. When we compute with conceptual structures the canon-ical formation rules can repeatedly be applied to a graph changing both the structure and content of the original graph. The layout of the deduced graph will be critical to its comprehensibility. The conceptual structure layout problem is non-trivial both in terms of the computational cost for the general layout problem and the problem of deriving a metric for the understandability of the resulting graph. In this paper we discuss these issues and present a spatial script language based on the principle of layout spec-iication described by Kamada et al.3]. The language preserves spatial structure when translated into the linear form and is used by the conceptual graph editorr2] to reconstitute graphs from their linear to their graphical form. The language is presented as a conceptual graph cannon with a parameterised type hierarchy. The usual canonical formation rules (copy, specialize, generalize, projection and join) apply to the spatial script graphs.
Fast randomized planner for SLAM automation

In this paper, we automate the traditional problem of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) by interleaving planning for exploring unknown environments by a mobile robot. We denote such planned SLAM systems as SPLAM (Simultaneous Planning Localization and Mapping). The main aim of SPLAM is to plan paths for the SLAM process such that the robot and map uncertainty upon execution of the path remains minimum and tractable. The planning is interleaved with SLAM and hence the terminology SPLAM. While typical SPLAM routines find paths when the robot traverses amidst known regions of the constructed map, herein we use the SPLAM formulation for an exploration like situation. Exploration is carried out through a frontier based approach where we identify multiple frontiers in the known map. Using Randomized Planning techniques we calculate various possible trajectories to all the known frontiers. We introduce a novel strategy for selecting frontiers which mimics Fast SLAM, selects a trajectory for robot motion that will minimize the map and robot state covariance. By using a Fast SLAM like approach for selecting frontiers we are able to decouple the robot and landmark covariance resulting in a faster selection of next best location, while maintaining the same kind of robustness of an EKF based SPLAM framework. We then compare our results with Shortest Path Algorithm and EKF based Planning. We show significant reduction in covariance when compared with shortest frontier first approach, while the uncertainties are comparable to EKF-SPLAM albeit at much faster planning times.
A Survey of Electronic Signature Solutions in Mobile Devices

The development of electronic signature in mobile devices is an essential issue for the advance and expansion of the mobile electronic commerce since it provides security and trust in the system. E-signatures provide security for the transactions with authenticity and integrity characteristics that make non-repudiation of the transactions possible. In recent years, different technologies and infrastructures have been developed with the aim of implementing mobile signature processes. Some are based on the SIM card. Others work over the middleware of the mobile device and cryptographic providers. Finally, there are already some frameworks which are independent of specific mobile device technologies and make mobile signatures available to application providers. Therefore, there is a great range of possibilities. In this paper we review the different solutions to date to provide electronic signature in mobile devices (SMS signature, SATK, WIM, USAT-i, SATSA, Mobile signature service, etc). We will comment on the most important goals of each solution and analyse the advantages and disadvantages. From this analysis we will obtain a global view of the current and future tendencies of mobile signature and thus help to provide mobile signature solutions.
Knockout of A3 adenosine receptors reduces mouse intraocular pressure.

PURPOSE To test the putative role of A(3) adenosine receptors (ARs) in modulating intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS IOP was monitored for up to 32 minutes in A3-knockout (A3AR-/-) and A3AR+/+ control mice by the servo-null approach. The IOP responses to adenosine, A3AR agonists and A3AR antagonists were studied singly or in combination in both strains. RESULTS IOP was significantly lower in A3AR-/- mice (12.9 +/- 0.7 mm Hg) than in A3AR+/+ control animals (17.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg). The nonselective AR agonist adenosine produced a much smaller increase in IOP (2.2 +/- 0.8 mm Hg) in the knockout than in A3AR+/+ control mice (14.9 +/- 2.4 mm Hg). The A3-selective agonist IB-MECA did not affect IOP in A3-knockout mice, but raised it in A3AR+/+ mice. The highly selective A3AR antagonist MRS 1191 did not affect IOP in A3AR-/- mice, but lowered it in A3AR+/+ control mice. Preadministering MRS 1191 did not affect the small adenosine-triggered increase in IOP in A3AR-/- mice, but markedly attenuated adenosine's effects on IOP in A3AR+/+ control mice. MRS 1523, an A3AR antagonist less selective than MRS 1191 in rats, decreased IOP in both A3AR-/- and A3AR+/+ animals. As in black Swiss outbred mice and other mammalian species, reducing aqueous humor inflow with acetazolamide lowered IOP and administering water intraperitoneally increased IOP in both A3AR-/- and A3AR+/+ mice. CONCLUSIONS The reduced IOP and altered purinergic responses of IOP in A3AR knockout mice support the conclusion that A3ARs contribute to the regulation of IOP.
A Routing Protocol Based on Distance Vector in Ad Hoc Networks

Since ad hoc network does not rely on existing infrastructure and is self-organized, the nodes on such network act as hosts and routers to transmit packets. With its intense change in topology ad hoc network does not relay on pre-established cable network, but it requires special routing algorithm. We provide a specific shortest routing protocol based on distance vector and adjacency matrix and compare the performance of the proposed routing protocol with those of AODV and DSDV by computer simulations using NS-2. By the main comparison results, the proposed protocol shows better performance on data delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and control overheads.