Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implicit Links based Web Page Representation for Web Page Classification

With the rapid growth of the web's size, web page classification becomes more prominent. The representation way of a web page and contextual features used for this representation have both an impact on the classification's performance. Thus, finding an adequate representation of web pages is essential for a better web page classification. In this paper, we propose a web page representation based on the structure of the implicit graph built using implicit links extracted from the query-log. In this representation, we represent web pages using their textual contents along with their neighbors as features instead of using features of their neighbors. When two or more web pages in the implicit graph share the same direct neighbors and belong to the same class ci, it is most likely that every other web page, having the same immediate neighbors, will belong to the same class ci. We propose two kinds of web page representations: Boolean Neighbor Vector (BNV) and Weighted Neighbor Vector (WNV). In BNV, we supplement the feature vector, which represents the textual content of a web page, by a Boolean vector. This vector represents the target web page's neighbors and shows whether a web page is a direct neighbor of the target web page or not. In WNV, we supplement the feature vector, which represents the textual content of a web page, by a weighted vector. This latter represents the target web page's neighbors and shows strengths of relations between the target web page and its neighbors. We conduct experiments using four classifiers: SVM (Support Vector Machine), NB (Naive Bayes), RF (Random Forest) and KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) on two subsets of ODP (Open Directory Project). Results show that: (1) the proposed representation helps obtain better classification results when using SVM, NB, RF and KNN for both Bag of Words (BW) and 5-gram representations. (2) The performances based on BNV are better than those based on WNV.
Activator Control of Nucleosome Occupancy in Activation and Repression of Transcription

The relationship between chromatin structure and gene expression is a subject of intense study. The universal transcriptional activator Gal4 removes promoter nucleosomes as it triggers transcription, but how it does so has remained obscure. The reverse process, repression of transcription, has often been correlated with the presence of nucleosomes. But it is not known whether nucleosomes are required for that effect. A new quantitative assay describes, for any given location, the fraction of DNA molecules in the population that bears a nucleosome at any given instant. This allows us to follow the time courses of nucleosome removal and reformation, in wild-type and mutant cells, upon activation (by galactose) and repression (by glucose) of the GAL genes of yeast. We show that upon being freed of its inhibitor Gal80 by the action of galactose, Gal4 quickly recruits SWI/SNF to the genes, and that nucleosome “remodeler” rapidly removes promoter nucleosomes. In the absence of SWI/SNF, Gal4′s action also results in nucleosome removal and the activation of transcription, but both processes are significantly delayed. Addition of glucose to cells growing in galactose represses transcription. But if galactose remains present, Gal4 continues to work, recruiting SWI/SNF and maintaining the promoter nucleosome-free despite it being repressed. This requirement for galactose is obviated in a mutant in which Gal4 works constitutively. These results show how an activator's recruiting function can control chromatin structure both during gene activation and repression. Thus, both under activating and repressing conditions, the activator can recruit an enzymatic machine that removes promoter nucleosomes. Our results show that whereas promoter nucleosome removal invariably accompanies activation, reformation of nucleosomes is not required for repression. The finding that there are two routes to nucleosome removal and activation of transcription—one that requires the action of SWI/SNF recruited by the activator, and a slower one that does not—clarifies our understanding of the early events of gene activation, and in particular corrects earlier reports that SWI/SNF plays no role in GAL gene induction. Our finding that chromatin structure is irrelevant for repression as studied here—that is, repression sets in as efficiently whether or not promoter nucleosomes are allowed to reform—contradicts the widely held, but little tested, idea that nucleosomes are required for repression. These findings were made possible by our nucleosome occupancy assay. The assay, we believe, will prove useful in studying other outstanding issues in the field.
Manufacturing excellence and its critical factors : An interpretive structural methodology application

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to identify and understand the relationship dynamics amongst the key factors impacting the tier-I auto manufacturing domain which is currently under severe strain. It is an approach for improving the pace of the manufacturing excellence journey. Design/methodology/approach - – In total, 20 key factors impacting the manufacturing sector have been identified from the literature review coupled with the inputs from the experienced industry and academic experts. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach has been adopted for the inter-relationship understanding and in stratifying the factors into drivers and independent clusters. The interpretation of the ISM results with respect to the current environment has also been carried out. Findings - – Out of the 20 identified key factors, people- excellence related factors have been found to be the key drivers and global presence and visibility, operational cost reduction approach and customer responsiveness have a significant role to play in changing the pace of manufacturing excellence. Research limitations/implications - – ISM framework does not incorporate the feedback concept and transition dynamics toward manufacturing excellence. These issues may be tested through System dynamics, which will help in identifying the cause and effect relationship between variables and model the transition toward manufacturing excellence. Practical implications - – The manufacturing framework of 20 variables is a useful trigger to the strategic planners. The deep understanding of these variables in the current challenging environment is highly relevant and would facilitate the strategic industry leaders in their journey to excellence. Social implications - – The manufacturing sector has been the growth engine for a nation's economy. If the manufacturing sector grows, the impact on the society will always be favorable as it results in greater degree of employment, better earning capacity and improved quality of life. Through this paper an attempt has been made to identify those key factors which could accelerate the manufacturing excellence pace and hence it is very relevant for the society at large. Originality/value - – The paper provides some useful insight to manufacturing excellence framework and the application of ISM approach to it involving the experienced industry and academic experts.
Cholesterol-Independent Effects of Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin on Chemical Synapses

The cholesterol chelating agent, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), alters synaptic function in many systems. At crayfish neuromuscular junctions, MβCD is reported to reduce excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) by impairing impulse propagation to synaptic terminals, and to have no postsynaptic effects. We examined the degree to which physiological effects of MβCD correlate with its ability to reduce cholesterol, and used thermal acclimatization as an alternative method to modify cholesterol levels. MβCD impaired impulse propagation and decreased EJP amplitude by 40% (P<0.05) in preparations from crayfish acclimatized to 14°C but not from those acclimatized to 21°C. The reduction in EJP amplitude in the cold-acclimatized group was associated with a 49% reduction in quantal content (P<0.05). MβCD had no effect on input resistance in muscle fibers but decreased sensitivity to the neurotransmitter L-glutamate in both warm- and cold-acclimatized groups. This effect was less pronounced and reversible in the warm-acclimatized group (90% reduction in cold, P<0.05; 50% reduction in warm, P<0.05). MβCD reduced cholesterol in isolated nerve and muscle from cold- and warm-acclimatized groups by comparable amounts (nerve: 29% cold, 25% warm; muscle: 20% cold, 18% warm; P<0.05). This effect was reversed by cholesterol loading, but only in the warm-acclimatized group. Thus, effects of MβCD on glutamate-sensitivity correlated with its ability to reduce cholesterol, but effects on impulse propagation and resulting EJP amplitude did not. Our results indicate that MβCD can affect both presynaptic and postsynaptic properties, and that some effects of MβCD are unrelated to cholesterol chelation.
Scheduling Scaffolding: The Extent and Arrangement of Assistance During Training Impacts Test Performance

ABSTRACT Various kinds of assistance, including prompts, worked examples, direct instruction, and modeling, are widely provided to learners across educational and training programs. Yet, the effectiveness of assistance during training on long-term learning is widely debated. The authors examined how the extent and schedule of assistance during training on a novel mouse movement task impacted unassisted test performance. Learners received different schedules of assistance during training, including constant assistance, no assistance, probabilistic assistance, alternating assistance, and faded assistance. Constant assistance led to better performance during training than no assistance. However, constant assistance during training resulted in the worst unassisted test performance. Faded assistance during training resulted in the best test performance. This suggests that fading may allow learners to create an internal model of the assistance without depending on the assistance in a manner that impedes successful transfer to unassisted circumstances.
Gauge Dynamics And Compactification To Three Dimensions

We study four dimensional $N=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories on $R^3 \times S^1$ with a circle of radius $R$. They interpolate between four dimensional gauge theories ($R=\infty$) and $N=4$ supersymmetric gauge theories in three dimensions ($R=0$). The vacuum structure can be determined quite precisely as a function of $R$, agreeing with three and four-dimensional results in the two limits.
No Evidence for Ionotropic Pheromone Transduction in the Hawkmoth Manduca sexta

Insect odorant receptors (ORs) are 7-transmembrane receptors with inverse membrane topology. They associate with the conserved ion channel Orco. As chaperon, Orco maintains ORs in cilia and, as pacemaker channel, Orco controls spontaneous activity in olfactory receptor neurons. Odorant binding to ORs opens OR-Orco receptor ion channel complexes in heterologous expression systems. It is unknown, whether this also occurs in vivo. As an alternative to this ionotropic transduction, experimental evidence is accumulating for metabotropic odor transduction, implicating that insect ORs couple to G-proteins. Resulting second messengers gate various ion channels. They generate the sensillum potential that elicits phasic-tonic action potentials (APs) followed by late, long-lasting pheromone responses. Because it is still unclear how and when Orco opens after odor-OR-binding, we used tip recordings to examine in vivo the effects of the Orco antagonist OLC15 and the amilorides MIA and HMA on bombykal transduction in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. In contrast to OLC15 both amilorides decreased the pheromone-dependent sensillum potential amplitude and the frequency of the phasic AP response. Instead, OLC15 decreased spontaneous activity, increased latencies of phasic-, and decreased frequencies of late, long-lasting pheromone responses Zeitgebertime-dependently. Our results suggest no involvement for Orco in the primary transduction events, in contrast to amiloride-sensitive channels. Instead of an odor-gated ionotropic receptor, Orco rather acts as a voltage- and apparently second messenger-gated pacemaker channel controlling the membrane potential and hence threshold and kinetics of the pheromone response.
OmcF, a Putative c-Type Monoheme Outer Membrane Cytochrome Required for the Expression of Other Outer Membrane Cytochromes in Geobacter sulfurreducens

ABSTRACT Outer membrane cytochromes are often proposed as likely agents for electron transfer to extracellular electron acceptors, such as Fe(III). The omcF gene in the dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing microorganism Geobacter sulfurreducens is predicted to code for a small outer membrane monoheme c-type cytochrome. An OmcF-deficient strain was constructed, and its ability to reduce and grow on Fe(III) citrate was found to be impaired. Following a prolonged lag phase (150 h), the OmcF-deficient strain developed the ability to grow in Fe(III) citrate medium with doubling times and yields that were ca. 145% and 70% of those of the wild type, respectively. Comparison of the c-type cytochrome contents of outer membrane-enriched fractions prepared from wild-type and OmcF-deficient cultures confirmed the outer membrane association of OmcF and revealed multiple changes in the cytochrome content of the OmcF-deficient strain. These changes included loss of expression of two previously characterized outer membrane cytochromes, OmcB and OmcC, and overexpression of a third previously characterized outer membrane cytochrome, OmcS, during growth on Fe(III) citrate. The omcB and omcC transcripts could not be detected in the OmcF-deficient mutant by either reverse transcriptase PCR or Northern blot analyses. Expression of the omcF gene in trans restored both the capacity of the OmcF-deficient mutant to reduce Fe(III) and wild-type levels of omcB and omcC mRNA and protein. Thus, elimination of OmcF may impair Fe(III) reduction by influencing expression of OmcB, which has previously been demonstrated to play a critical role in Fe(III) reduction.
Measurement of display transfer characteristic ( gamma , )

EBU Sub–group G4 (Video origination equipment) has recently completed a new EBU publication setting out recommended procedures for the measurement of the colorimetry of studio colour monitors. This EBU TUTORIAL, prepared by a member of Sub–group G4, presents the subject in rather more detail, especially as regards the mathematical treatment of measurement results, and gives a worked example.
A New Model for Automatic Sentence Segmentation

Context Overlapping Model (COM) is presented in this article for the task of Automatic Sentence Segmentation (ASS). Comparing with HMM, COM expands observation from single word to n-gram unit and there is an overlapping part between the neighboring units. Due to the co-occurrence constraint and transition constraint, COM model reduces the search space and improves tagging accuracy. We treated ASS as a task of sequence labeling and applied 2-gram COM to it. The experiment results show that the overall correct rate of the open test is as high as 90.11%, which is significantly higher than the baseline model (second order HMM), which is 85.16%.
Refactoring of Assertions in Design by Contract

Assertions are formal constraints over the state variables of a source program which are inserted as annotations in the program text. When some code has been annotated with assertions and is then subjected to refactoring, original assertions would no longer be consistent with the refactored code. The main focus of this paper is to specify how assertions could be made consistent across the refactoring process considering design-by-contract.
Pre-Kindergarten: Research-Based Recommendations for Developing Standards and Factors Contributing to School Readiness Gaps. Information Capsule. Volume 1201.

States across the country are developing pre-kindergarten standards that articulate expectations for preschooler’s learning and development and define the manner in which services will be provided. There are two different types of standards: student outcome standards and program standards. Student outcome standards define the knowledge and skills children are expected to demonstrate by the end of their preschool year. Program standards describe characteristics of the preschool program, such as required teacher qualifications and student-teacher ratio. This Information Capsule provides a summary of research-based recommendations for policymakers and educators who are developing each type of standard.
Intracluster Stellar Population

I shall review the latest results for the presence of diffuse light in nearby clusters, and the evidence of ongoing star formation in an intracluster Virgo field. I shall discuss how intracluster planetary nebulae can be used as excellent tracers of the diffuse stellar population in nearby clusters. Their number density distribution, density profile and radial velocity distribution provide observational constraints to models for cluster formation and evolution. The preliminary comparison of the avaliable ICPN samples with high resolution N-body models of a Virgo-like cluster in a Lambda CDM cosmology supports ``harassment'' as the most likely mechanism for the origin of diffuse stellar light in clusters.
CELL LEVEL MEASUREMENTS OF ATM-25 TRAFFIC

A system for capturing complete cell level header and timing information for bi-directional ATM-25 links is described. The system is able to measure and synchronise multiple links simultaneously. Off the shelf ATM-25 NIC equipment and standard PCs are used giving a very low cost system. Headers for all cells are captured to disk and timing is accurate to sub-microsecond times. Measurements of video, file transfer traffic and artificially generated traffic are reported. Future extensions of the system to higher bit rates and optical links are briefly discussed.
Towards Unsupervised Learning for Handwriting Recognition

We present a method for training an off-line handwriting recognition system in an unsupervised manner. For an isolated word recognition task, we are able to bootstrap the system without any annotated data. We then retrain the system using the best hypothesis from a previous recognition pass in an iterative fashion. Our approach relies only on a prior language model and does not depend on an explicit segmentation of words into characters. The resulting system shows a promising performance on a standard dataset in comparison to a system trained in a supervised fashion for the same amount of training data.
On Whose Terms? Understanding the Global Expansion of National Oil Companies

On Whose Terms? Understanding the Global Expansion of National Oil Companies Andrew Cheon National oil companies (NOCs) have evolved beyond vestiges of an era of resource nationalism and assumed an international presence. Given that NOCs are generally inefficient entities, why do some governments, more than others, allow their national oil companies to make expensive and often risky investments abroad? Instead of directly refuting neorealism or liberalism, I seek to shift the debate towards problems of governance in the energy sector. While agreeing that geopolitical rationales matter, I posit that they serve as political cover for NOCs pursuing their own expansion. While sharing the liberal emphasis on institutional checks, I anticipate how they may be overcome by strategic NOCs determined to secure support for their investments. I argue that the willingness of governments to restrain NOC investments depends on the presence of veto players, whereas their ability to do so depends on the organization of the energy sector. When the energy sector is governed by multiple entities with overlapping jurisdictions, NOCs can exploit coordination problems among them to escape scrutiny for their investments. This weakness is particularly acute in countries without an overarching energy ministry, where energy policy is implemented by informal bargaining among a multiplicity of ministries and agencies. I test this argument quantitatively and explore the underlying mechanisms through case studies of China, India, Russia, Brazil, and Norway.
Need I Say More? On Factors Causing Referential Overspecification (poster)

We present the results of an elicitation experiment conducted to investigate which factors cause speakers to overspecify their referential expressions, where we hypothesized properties of the target and properties of the communicative setting to play a role. The results of this experiment show that speakers tend to provide more information when referring to a target in a more complex domain and when referring to plural targets. Moreover, written and spoken referring expressions do not differ in terms of redundancy, but do differ in terms of the number of words that they contain: speakers need more words to provide the same information as people who type their expressions.
Degree Completion and Acceleration Rates of Iowa Community Colleges' Concurrent Enrollment Students.

The appeal of concurrent enrollment programs is widespread in Iowa and throughout the United States. The fifteen Community Colleges in Iowa provide extensive opportunities for high school students to enroll in and successfully complete college credit courses while in high school. Accountability in all educational programs is increasing, concurrent enrollment (dual credit) programs must meet the challenge and be able to stand up to scrutiny. Any program that does not have data to support progress and academic gain is in jeopardy of being phased out and dual enrollment programs are not exempt from this scrutiny (Burns & Lewis, 2000). The significance of this study lies in the fact that despite the increase in concurrent enrollment programs and the attention that has been given to them in the state of Iowa, virtually no research has been undertaken to examine the impact of participation in these programs on college persistence, degree completion and acceleration rates. This study focused on two benefits to participating in concurrent enrollment programs that of degree attainment and accelerated progress towards the degree. The purpose of this quantitative study was to: (1) develop a profile of the demographic characteristics of Iowa’s concurrent enrollment students; (2) develop a profile of the demographic characteristics of concurrent enrollment students who complete a degree, diploma or certificate at an Iowa community college; (3) determine the effects of gender, ethnicity, and student status (arts and sciences versus career and technical) and student intent/goal at registration (transfer to college or university or prepare to enter the job market) on degree completion and
Efficient simulation of graphene antennas for biomedicai applications

The alternating direction implicit finite difference time domain (ADI-FDTD) method is implemented for the efficient simulation of graphene antennas. The proposed approach is applied for nano-patch antenna and the numerical results are validated with respect to the conventional FDTD method. It is found that the proposed approach is approximately 58.6 % faster than the conventional FDTD method, in terms of simulation time, at Courant Freidrichs Lewy number (CFLN) = 80.