Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equatorial Submesoscale Eddies Contribute to the Asymmetry in ENSO Amplitude

El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits evident amplitude asymmetry with stronger El Niño than La Niña events. Equatorial submesoscale eddies act as an important damper of ENSO via their induced upward heat flux ( Qeddy,vsub ${Q}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{y},v}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}$ ) from the subsurface to the surface ocean. Yet their effect on ENSO amplitude asymmetry remains unexplored. Using a high‐resolution global climate simulation, we found that strengthening of Qeddy,vsub ${Q}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{y},v}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}$ in the Niño3. 4 region during La Niña is more evident than weakening of Qeddy,vsub ${Q}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{y},v}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}$ during El Niño, resulting in stronger damping of La Niña than El Niño events. This asymmetric response of Qeddy,vsub ${Q}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{y},v}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}$ to ENSO is primarily ascribed to that of the temperature fronts associated with larger‐scale processes. Using a recharge oscillator model modified to include the effects of Qeddy,vsub ${Q}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{y},v}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}$ , we show that the asymmetric damping of ENSO by Qeddy,vsub ${Q}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{y},v}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}}$ contributes importantly to the ENSO amplitude asymmetry.
Preclinical PET Imaging and Toxicity Study of a 68Ga-Functionalized Polymeric Cardiac Blood Pool Agent

Cardiac blood pool imaging is currently performed almost exclusively with 99mTc-based compounds and SPECT/CT imaging. Using a generator-based PET radioisotope has a few advantages, including not needing nuclear reactors to produce it, obtaining better resolution in humans, and potentially reducing the radiation dose to the patient. When the shortlived radioisotope 68Ga is used, it can be applied repeatedly on the same day—for example, for the detection of bleeding. Our objective was to prepare and evaluate a long-circulating polymer functionalized with gallium for its biodistribution, toxicity, and dosimetric properties. A 500 kDa hyperbranched polyglycerol was conjugated to the chelator NOTA and radiolabeled rapidly at room temperature with 68Ga. It was then injected intravenously into a rat, and gated imaging allowed us to easily observe wall motion and cardiac contractility, confirming the suitability of this radiopharmaceutical for cardiac blood pool imaging. Internal radiation dose calculations showed that the radiation doses that patients would receive from the PET agent would be 2.5× lower than those from the 99mTc agent. A complete 14-day toxicology study in rats concluded that there were no gross pathology findings, changes in body or organ weights, or histopathological events. This radioactive-metal-functionalized polymer might be a suitable non-toxic agent to advance for clinical application.
Automatic Calibration of Tool Center Point for Six Degree of Freedom Robot

The traditional tool center point (TCP) calibration method requires the operator to use their experience to set the actual position of the tool center point. To address this lengthy workflow and low accuracy, while improving accuracy and efficiency for time-saving and non-contact calibration, this paper proposes an enhanced automatic TCP calibration method based on a laser displacement sensor and implemented on a cooperative robot with six degrees of freedom. During the calibration process, the robot arm will move a certain distance along the X and Y axes and collect the information when the tool passes through the laser during the process to calculate the runout of the tool, and then continue to move a certain distance along the X and Y axes for the second height calibration. After the runout angle is calculated and calibrated by triangulation, the runout calibration is completed and the third X and Y axis displacement is performed to find out the exact position of the tool on the X and Y axes. Finally, the tool is moved to a position higher than the laser, and the laser is triggered by moving downward to obtain information to complete the whole experimental process and receive the calibrated tool center position. The whole calibration method is, firstly, verified in the virtual simulation environment and then implemented on the actual cooperative robot. The results of the proposed TCP calibration method for the case of using a pin tool can achieve a positioning deviation of 0.074 and 0.125 mm for the robot moving speeds of 20 and 40 mm/s, respectively. The orientation deviation in the x-axis are 0.089 and −0.184 degrees for the robot moving speeds of 20 and 40 mm/s, respectively. The positioning repeatability of ±0.083 mm for the moving speed of 20 mm/s is lower than ±0.101 mm for the speed of 40 mm/s. It shows that lower moving speed can obtain higher accuracy and better repeatability. This result meets the requirements of TCP calibration but also achieves the purpose of being simple, economical, and time-saving, and it takes only 60 s to complete the whole calibration process.
Stretchable Woven Fabric-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing

With the triboelectric nanogenerator developing in recent years, it has gradually become a promising alternative to fossil energy and batteries. Its rapid advancements also promote the combination of triboelectric nanogenerators and textiles. However, the limited stretchability of fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerators hindered their development in wearable electronic devices. Here, in combination with the polyamide (PA) conductive yarn, polyester multifilament, and polyurethane yarn, a highly stretchable woven fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (SWF-TENG) with the three elementary weaves is developed. Different from the normal woven fabric without elasticity, the loom tension of the elastic warp yarn is much larger than non-elastic warp yarn in the weaving process, which results in the high elasticity of the woven fabric coming from the loom. Based on the unique and creative woven method, SWF-TENGs are qualified with excellent stretchability (up to 300%), flexibility, comfortability, and excellent mechanical stability. It also exhibits good sensitivity and fast responsibility to the external tensile strain, which can be used as a bend–stretch sensor to detect and identify human gait. Its collected power under pressure mode is capable of lighting up 34 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by only hand-tapping the fabric. SWF-TENG can be mass-manufactured by using the weaving machine, which decreases fabricating costs and accelerates industrialization. Based on these merits, this work provides a promising direction toward stretchable fabric-based TENGs with wide applications in wearable electronics, including energy harvesting and self-powered sensing.
Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Shared-Aperture Grid Antenna With Large Frequency Ratio

In this letter, a dual-band, dual-polarized, shared-aperture grid antenna with a large frequency ratio is presented. To achieve a shared aperture and large frequency ratio, a millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) partially reflective surface (PRS) is embedded into a microwave patch antenna. A periodic circular grid patch is adopted not only as the microwave antenna but also as the mm-Wave PRS antenna. The mm-Wave PRS antenna is centrally excited by a cross-shaped waveguide with two coaxial connectors, and the microwave patch antenna is driven by a pair of orthogonal L-shaped probes, resulting in polarization diversity in both bands. A compact microstrip resonant cell and a metal post are designed to reduce the couplings between different ports. For demonstration, a prototype operating in the 3.5 and 28 GHz bands is fabricated and measured. The overlapped measured −10 dB impedance bandwidths between the orthogonal ports cover 3.41–3.59 GHz (5.14%) and 26.62–30.26 GHz (12.8%) in the low and high bands, whereas the measured peak realized gains of 8.75 and 12.79 dBi are obtained, respectively. All port-to-port isolations are larger than 20 dB over the bands of operation.
Research and verification of space position of precast segmental beam based on photogrammetry

In the process of aligning and assembling prefabricated segmental beams, the measurement method of using total station to obtain spatial pose has the problems of high manual dependence, low measurement efficiency and high construction risk. The existing non-contact measurement methods are analyzed. It is concluded that photogrammetry has the conditions to realize automatic measurement and can reduce certain construction risks. According to the complex situation of bridge construction site and the harsh environment, traditional camera calibration methods are not applicable. Therefore, a self-calibration method is proposed. At the same time, according to the self-calibration algorithm, all photos taken cannot be solved, and there are problems of photo redundancy. The algorithm is further optimized to obtain a focal length calibration method based on global scanning, and the camera shooting is used to test and verify the construction site of prefabricated segmental beam assembly to explore whether the measurement accuracy of the method can meet the construction requirements in the actual construction environment. The results show that the measurement method can be realized in the construction environment of precast segmental beams. And the measurement accuracy meets the assembly requirements of precast segmental beams.
Dielectric screening and band-structure effects in low-energy photoemission

E. E. Krasovskii,1,2,3 V. M. Silkin,1,2,3 V. U. Nazarov,4 P. M. Echenique,1,2,5 and E. V. Chulkov1,2,5 1Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Apdo. 1072, San Sebastian/Donostia, 20080 Basque Country, Spain 2Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian/Donostia, 20018 Basque Country, Spain 3IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain 4Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan 5Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CFM), Materials Physics Center (MPC), Centro Mixto CSIC–UPV/EHU, Edificio Korta, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain Received 21 July 2010; published 3 September 2010
Worker-Churn-Based Task Assignment With Context-LSTM in Spatial Crowdsourcing

The pervasiveness of GPS-enabled devices and wireless communication technologies flourish the market of Spatial Crowdsourcing (SC), which consists of location-based tasks and requires workers to be at specific locations physically to complete them. In this work, we study the problem of worker-churn-based task assignment in SC, where tasks are assigned by considering workers’ churn. In particular, we aim to maximize the total rewards of task assignments based on the worker churn prediction. To solve the problem, we propose a two-phase framework, which consists of a worker churn prediction and a task assignment phase. In the first phase, we use an LSTM-based model to extract latent feelings of workers based on historical data and then estimate idle time intervals of workers. In the assignment phase, we design an efficient greedy algorithm and a Kuhn-Munkras-based algorithm that can achieve the optimal task assignment. To improve the accuracy of the idle time interval estimation for workers, we adopt a context-dependent LSTM model, which involves interactions between inputs and their context. We further optimize the original task assignment framework by proposing a travel distance optimization strategy to reduce the overall travel distance. Extensive experiments offer insight into the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solutions.
Improved Mixed and Hybrid Discretization of the Transport Equation in Slab Geometry

In this article we deal with a mixed and hybrid finite element method slab geometry discretization of the transport equation arising from the new variational formulation introduced in Cartier and Peybernes (2011). The aim of this study is to construct such a discretization by preserving the diffusion limit in the entire diffusive region, close to the boundaries, and for internal interface problems.
Rescue of Dopamine Neurons from Iron-Dependent Ferroptosis by Doxycycline and Demeclocycline and Their Non-Antibiotic Derivatives

Several studies have reported that the tetracycline (TC) class antibiotic doxycycline (DOX) is effective against Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathomechanisms. The aim of the present work was three-fold: (i) Establish a model system to better characterize neuroprotection by DOX; (ii) Compare the rescue effect of DOX to that of other TC antibiotics; (iii) Discover novel neuroprotective TCs having reduced antibiotic activity. For that, we used cultures of mouse midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons and experimental conditions that model iron-mediated oxidative damage, a key mechanism in PD pathobiology. We found that DOX and the other TC antibiotic, demeclocycline (DMC), provided sustained protection to DA neurons enduring iron-mediated insults, whereas chlortetracycline and non-TC class antibiotics did not. Most interestingly, non-antibiotic derivatives of DOX and DMC, i.e., DDOX and DDMC, respectively, were also robustly protective for DA neurons. Interestingly, DOX, DDOX, DMC, and DDMC remained protective for DA neurons until advanced stages of neurodegeneration, and the rescue effects of TCs were observable regardless of the degree of maturity of midbrain cultures. Live imaging studies with the fluorogenic probes DHR-123 and TMRM revealed that protective TCs operated by preventing intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, i.e., cellular perturbations occurring in this model system as the ultimate consequence of ferroptosis-mediated lipid peroxidation. If oxidative/mitochondrial insults were generated acutely, DOX, DDOX, DMC, and DDMC were no longer neuroprotective, suggesting that these compounds are mostly effective when neuronal damage is chronic and of low-intensity. Overall, our data suggest that TC derivatives, particularly those lacking antibiotic activity, might be of potential therapeutic utility to combat low-level oxidative insults that develop chronically in the course of PD neurodegeneration.
Experimental Models to Study Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Proliferative vitreoretinal diseases (PVDs) encompass proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), epiretinal membranes, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. These vision-threatening diseases are characterized by the development of proliferative membranes above, within and/or below the retina following epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or endothelial-mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells. As surgical peeling of PVD membranes remains the sole therapeutic option for patients, development of in vitro and in vivo models has become essential to better understand PVD pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets. The in vitro models range from immortalized cell lines to human pluripotent stem-cell-derived RPE and primary cells subjected to various treatments to induce EMT and mimic PVD. In vivo PVR animal models using rabbit, mouse, rat, and swine have mainly been obtained through surgical means to mimic ocular trauma and retinal detachment, and through intravitreal injection of cells or enzymes to induce EMT and investigate cell proliferation and invasion. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the usefulness, advantages, and limitations of the current models available to investigate EMT in PVD.
Update of a Genetic Risk Score Predictive of the Plasma Triglyceride Response to an Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in the FAS Study

A genetic risk score (GRS) predictive of the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation has been previously developed in the Fatty Acid Sensor (FAS) Study. Recently, novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interacting with a fish oil supplementation and associated with plasma lipid levels have been identified in the UK Biobank. The aim of this study was to verify whether the addition of SNPs identified in the UK Biobank to the GRS built in the FAS Study improves its capacity to predict the plasma TG response to an n-3 FA supplementation. SNPs interacting with fish oil supplementation in the modulation of plasma lipid levels in the UK Biobank and associated with plasma TG levels have been genotyped in participants of the FAS Study (n = 141). Participants have been supplemented with 5 g fish oil/day for six weeks. Plasma TG concentrations were measured before and after the supplementation. Based on the initial GRS of 31 SNPs (GRS31), we computed three new GRSs by adding new SNPs identified in the UK Biobank: GRS32 (rs55707100), GRS38 (seven new SNPs specifically associated with plasma TG levels), and GRS46 (all 15 new SNPs associated with plasma lipid levels). The initial GRS31 explained 50.1% of the variance in plasma TG levels during the intervention, whereas GRS32, GRS38, and GRS46 explained 49.1%, 45.9%, and 45%, respectively. A significant impact on the probability of being classified as a responder or a nonresponder was found for each of the GRSs analyzed, but none of them outperformed the predictive capacity of GRS31 in any of the metrics analyzed, i.e., accuracy, area under the response operating curve (AUC-ROC), sensitivity, specificity and McFadden’s pseudo R2. The addition of SNPs identified in the UK Biobank to the initial GRS31 did not significantly improve its capacity to predict the plasma TG response to an n-3 FA supplementation. Thus, GRS31 still remains the most precise tool so far by which to discriminate the individual responsiveness to n-3 FAs. Further studies are needed in the field to increase our knowledge of factors underlying the heterogeneity observed in the metabolic response to an n-3 FA supplementation.
Influence of Structural Parameters on the Performance of an Asymmetric Rhombus Micromixer with Baffles

As an important part of lab-on-a-chip and micro-total analysis systems, micromixers have a wide range of applications in biochemical analysis, pharmaceutical preparation and material synthesis. In the work, a novel rhombic separation and recombination micromixer with baffles was presented to further improve the performance of the micromixer and study the effect of multiple structural parameters on mixing. The effects of the rhombic angle, the width ratio of sub-channel and the size and relative positions of baffles on the mixing index were studied numerically at different Reynolds numbers (Re), and the sensitivity of the mixing index to various structures was also investigated. The results showed that the mixing index increased with the subchannel’s width ratio and slowly decreased after reaching the peak value in the range of Re from 0.1 to 60. The maximum mixing index appeared when the width ratio was 6.5. The pressure drops in the microchannel were proportional to the width ratio. The mixing effect can be further improved by adding baffle structure to asymmetric rhombus micromixer, and more baffle quantity and larger baffle height were beneficial to the improvement of the mixing index. The research results can provide reference and new ideas for the structure design of passive micromixers.
Young's modulus of single-walled nanotubes

We estimate the stiffness of single-walled carbon nanotubes by observing their freestanding roomtemperature vibrations in a transmission electron microscope. The nanotube dimensions and vibration amplitude are measured from electron micrographs, and it is assumed that the vibration modes are driven stochastically and are those of a clamped cantilever. Micrographs of 27 nanotubes in the diameter range 1.0‐1.5 nm were measured to yield an average Young’s modulus of ^Y&51.25 TPa. This value is consistent with previous measurements for multiwalled nanotubes, and is higher than the currently accepted value of the in-plane modulus of graphite. @S0163-1829~98! 00144-1#
Mechanical and biotic reclamation strategies for a post‐mine temperate grassland

Global energy production is in high demand and is expanding its development into new landscapes, including grasslands. This expansion has intensive impacts on aboveground and belowground components of grasslands which need to be addressed during reclamation to promote long‐term ecological integrity. This study was conducted to ascertain how alternative reclamation practices may improve soil structure (i.e., compaction) while aiding in the creation of conditions that are conducive to both the establishment and continued growth of native grassland plant species. The grassland was reclaimed with different combinations of seeding mixtures (grass or grass and forb), ripping techniques (subsoil ripping or topsoil ripping), and the integration of mulch into the soil profile. Year, seed mixtures, and ripping techniques and their interactions significantly affected community composition and species diversity. Topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment had a higher association with native, perennial grasses while subsoil‐ripping and grass treatment favor more short‐lived species. Similar trends persisted across penetration resistance and soil moisture readings where topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment were different from subsoil‐ripping and grass treatments (p ≤ 0.10). Additionally, Kentucky bluegrass, an invasive grass species, increased by 76% over 1 year and was more common in the topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatments. While early in the reclamation process, results suggest topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment are promising combination reclamation practices that can establish a native grassland community and initiate the improvement of compacted soil conditions.
Exogenous 6-BA inhibited hypocotyl elongation under darkness in Picea crassifolia Kom revealed by transcriptome profiling

Hypocotyl elongation is an important process in plant growth and development, and is under hormonal regulatory signaling pathways. In our study, exogenous 6-BA significantly inhibited Picea crassifolia hypocotyl elongation more than ethylene in the dark, indicating the existence of different regulatory strategies in conifers, therefore, the P. crassifolia transcriptome was studied to explore the responsive genes and their regulatory pathways for exogenous N6-benzyladenine (6-BA) inhibition of hypocotyl elongation using RNA-Sequencing approach. We present the first transcriptome assembly of P. crassifolia obtained from 24.38 Gb clean data. With lowly-expressed and short contigs excluded, the assembly contains roughly 130,612 unigenes with an N50 length of 1,278 bp. Differential expression analysis found 3,629 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and found that the differential expression fold of genes was mainly concentrated between 2 and 8 (1 ≤ log2FoldChange ≤ 3). Functional annotation showed that the GO term with the highest number of enriched genes (83 unigenes) was the shoot system development (GO: 0048367) and the KEGG category, plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075), was enriched 30 unigenes. Further analysis revealed that several cytokinin dehydrogenase genes (PcCTD1, PcCTD3 and PcCTD6) catabolized cytokinins, while xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase gene (PcXTH31), WALLS ARE THIN 1-like gene (PcWAT1-1) and Small auxin-induced gene (PcSAUR15) were strongly repressed thus synergistically completing the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in P. crassifolia. Besides, PcbHLH149, PcMYB44 and PcERF14 were predicted to be potential core TFs that may form a multi-layered regulatory network with the above proteins for the regulation of hypocotyl growth.