Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The vascular plant diversity of Burundi

Background and aims – The vascular plant diversity of Burundi is still insufficiently explored, described, and understood. The goal of this paper is to show the degree of botanical exploration and the spatial patterns of botanical diversity in Burundi to date. Material and methods – The study is based on a dataset containing virtually all plant collections, observed in herbaria, recorded in databases, or cited in literature, made in Burundi. All data were compiled, cleaned, and each record georeferenced. Various distribution analyses were carried out, some of which were based on a grid of 199 hexagonal cells. Key results – The dataset comprises 37,200 herbarium collections representing 3,860 species grouped in 1,290 genera and 216 families. The expected species richness is estimated at 4,869. The average number of collections per species is 8.8, but 1,149 species (27%) are sampled only once. The seven most species-rich families are Fabaceae (539 spp.), Poaceae (387), Asteraceae (298), Orchidaceae (286), Cyperaceae (272), Rubiaceae (227), and Acanthaceae (128), which together account for over 50% of the vascular plant flora of Burundi. The seven largest genera are Cyperus (90 spp.), Crotalaria (60), Indigofera (50), Polystachya (48), Habenaria (47), Vernonia (45), and Eragrostis (41). In terms of number of herbarium collections, the six most important families are Poaceae (4,754 collections), Fabaceae (4,300), Asteraceae (2,226), Rubiaceae (2,191), Cyperaceae (1,730), and Lamiaceae (1,275). The four areas most intensively explored and with the highest known species diversity are the Rusizi plain, the Kibira rain forest belonging to the Albertine Rift, the Bururi and Rumonge areas in the west, and the Mosso depression in the east. Conclusion – With a collecting index of 133 collections per 100 km 2 , the botanical exploration of Burundi can be considered as relatively good. However, 28% of the species are only represented by a single record and some 1,000 species are potentially present but have remained uncollected to date. For every 100 new collections, there are on average 6 new species records, indicating that Burundi’s inventory is still not complete.
Wavelet classification of high frequency pupillary responses

This paper addresses the problem of classifying users with different visual abilities on the basis of their pupillary response while performing computer-based tasks. Multiscale Schur monotone (MSM) summaries of high frequency pupil diameter measurements are utilized as feature (or input) vectors in this classification. Various MSM measures, such as Shannon, Picard, and Emlen entropies, the Gini coefficient and the Fishlow measure, are investigated to assess their discriminatory characteristics. A combination of classifiers, motivated by a Bayesian paradigm, is proposed to minimize and stabilize the misclassification rate in training and test sets with the goal of improving classification accuracy. In addition, the issue of wavelet basis selection for optimal classification performance is discussed. The members of the Pollen wavelet library are included as competitors. The proposed methodology is validated with extensive simulation and applied to high-frequency pupil diameter measurements collected from 36 individuals with varying ocular abilities and pathologies. The expected misclassification rate of our procedure can be as low as 21% by appropriately choosing the Schur monotone summary and using a properly selected wavelet basis.
Regression with interval-censored data

SUMMARY Interval-censored data result when survival times are not known exactly, but are only known to have occurred between intermittent examination times. Here the accelerated failure time model is treated for interval-censored data. A class of score statistics that may be used for estimation and confidence procedures is proposed. An adaptive procedure based on estimating the optimal member of the class of score statistics is explored.
Design and Manufacture of Radiosonde Based on Arduino Pro Mini Using BME280 Sensor

Aims: To produce low-cost Radiosonde instruments with high accuracy, which are expected to be used as a reference in developing upper aerial observation instruments so as to reduce observation costs Study Design: Design of Radiosonde Based on Arduino Pro Mini Using BME280 Sensor. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Udayana University, and Indonesian Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), Region-III Badung, between June 2022 and August 2022. Methodology: Calibration is done by comparing the output value of the BME280 sensor and the BMKG calibration standard tool. The calibrated parameters are temperature, humidity, and air pressure. The relationship between the measurement value of the design tool and the standard tool is determined by the linear regression method to obtain the correction equation. Results: Radiosonde instruments based on Arduino Pro Mini using the BME280 sensor have been produced. The measurement accuracy obtained for the temperature parameter is 99.9968% with uncertainty (U95) of ±0. 18ºC, the humidity parameter is 99.296% with uncertainty (U95) of ±2.9%RH, the air pressure parameter is 99.99998% with uncertainty (U95) of ±0.15 hPa. The accuracy value indicates that the resulting tool has a good level of accuracy to the standard tool. Conclusion: In this research, has been produced a Radiosonde instruments at a low-cost with high accuracy and precision, which have been calibrated with BMKG standard tools.
A necessary condition for the stability of a difference approximation to a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations

We are interested in the boundary conditions for a difference approximation to a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations ut = Aux, u(x, 0)= F(x), Ku(O, t) = 0 in the quarter plane x > 0, t > 0. We consider approximations of the type: p uj(t + At) = , Ckuj+k(t), j = 1, 2 , k=-r s uj + Ojkuk(t + At)-O, j =-r + 0. k=l If N is the null space of K and E is the "negative" eigenspace of A, then the system of partial differential equations is well-posed if and only if K n E = {0 } and Rank K = the number of negative eigenvalues of A. In direct analogy to this, we prove that for a difference scheme of the above type with r = p = 1, K' = I + 4s1 ? k and N' = null space of K', a necessary condition for stability is N n E = {0 }. If, in addition, a condition proven by S. J. Osher to be sufficient for stability is not satisfled, then Rank K = the number of negative eigenvalues of A is also necessary for stability. We then generalize this result to the case r> 1, p > 1. Together these conditions imply that "extrapolation" on "negative" eigenvectors leads to instability; "extrapolation" on "positive" eigenvectors is "almost necessary. "Extrapolation" on "positive" eigenvectors and not on "negative" eigenvectors is sufficient for stability.
The APM Galaxy Survey – IV. Redshifts of rich clusters of galaxies

We present redshifts for a sample of 229 clusters selected from the APM Galaxy Survey, 189 of which are new redshift determinations. Non-cluster galaxy redshifts have been rejected from this sample using a likelihood ratio test based on the projected and apparent magnitude distributions of the cluster fields. We test this technique using cluster fields in which redshifts have been measured for more than 10 galaxies. Our redshift sample is nearly complete and has been used in previous papers to study the three dimensional distribution of rich clusters of galaxies. 157 of the clusters in our sample are listed in the Abell catalogue or supplement, and the remainder are new cluster identifications.
Anchoring Polar Magnetic Field in a Stationary Thick Accretion Disk

We investigate the properties of a hot accretion flow bathed in a poloidal magnetic field. We consider an axisymmetric viscous-resistive flow in the steady-state configuration. We assume that the dominant mechanism of energy dissipation is due to turbulence viscosity and magnetic diffusivity. A certain fraction of that energy can be advected toward the central compact object. We employ the self-similar method in the radial direction to find a system of ODEs with just one varible, θ in the spherical coordinates. For the existence and maintenance of a purely poloidal magnetic field in a rotating thick disk, we find that the necessary condition is a constant value of angular velocity along a magnetic field line. We obtain an analytical solution for the poloidal magnetic flux. We explore possible changes in the vertical structure of the disk under the influences of symmetric and asymmetric magnetic fields. Our results reveal that a polar magnetic field with even symmetry about the equatorial plane makes the disk vertically thin. Moreover, the accretion rate decreases when we consider a strong magnetic field. Finally, we notice that hot magnetized accretion flows can be fully advected even in a slim shape.
Spin rotation for ballistic electron transmission induced by spin-orbit interaction

We study spin-dependent electron transmission through one- and two-dimensional curved waveguides and quantum dots with account of spin-orbit interaction. We prove that for a transmission through an arbitrary structure there is no spin polarization provided the electron transmits in an isolated energy subband and only two leads are attached to the structure. In particular there is no spin polarization in the one-dimensional wire, for which a spin-dependent solution is found analytically. The solution demonstrates the spin evolution as dependent on a length of wire. The numerical solution for transmission of electrons through the two-dimensional curved waveguides coincides with the solution for the one-dimensional wire if the energy of electron is within the first energy subband. In the vicinity of edges of the energy subbands there are sharp anomalies of spin flipping.
Electron-beam-induced charging of phosphors for low voltage display applications

Shifts of the surface potential were measured for several commercial phosphors by monitoring secondary and Auger electron spectra during electron beam irradiation at energies between 0.5 and 5 keV. The insulating phosphors charge strongly negative above 2 keV, whereas the conductive ones do not. This charging behavior is exaggerated after prolonged beam exposure. Measurements using two coincident electron beams to control the surface potential demonstrate that aging-enhanced surface charging decreases the phosphor cathodoluminescence. The dependence of the phosphor surface potential on the voltage applied to the metal plate on which they are deposited was also determined. These data suggest the presence of substantial space charge in the phosphors, even at low electron beam energies where no beam-induced shifts of the surface potentials are seen. We suggest that the electric fields due to these near-surface space charge regions are crucial in altering secondary emission and in establishing a steady state .
Differential symbolic entropy in nonlinear dynamics complexity analysis

Differential symbolic entropy, a measure for nonlinear dynamics complexity, is proposed in our contribution. With flexible controlling parameter, the chaotic deterministic measure takes advantage of local nonlinear dynamical information among three adjacent elements to extract nonlinear complexity. In nonlinear complexity detections of chaotic logistic series, DSEn (differential symbolic entropy) has satisfied complexity extractions with the changes of chaotic features of logistic map. In nonlinear analysis of real-world physiological heart signals, three kinds of heart rates are significantly distinguished by DSEn in statistics, healthy young subjects > healthy elderly people > CHF (congestive heart failure) patients, highlighting the complex-losing theory of aging and heart diseases in cardiac nonlinearity. Moreover, DSEn does not have high demand on data length and can extract nonlinear complexity at short data sets; therefore, it is an efficient parameter to characterize nonlinear dynamic complexity.
Constraining evolution of quintessence with CMB and SNIa data

The equation of state of the hypothetical dark energy component, which constitutes about two thirds of the critical density of the universe, may be very different from that of a cosmological constant. Employing a phenomenological model, we investigate semi-analytically the constraints imposed on the scalar quintessence by supernovae observations, and by the acoustic scale extracted from recent CMB data. We show that a universe with a quintessence-dominated phase in the dark age is consistent with the current observational constraints.
Different origins of the ferromagnetic order in (Ga,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn) N

The mechanism for the ferromagnetic order of (Ga,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn)$\mathrm{N}$ is extensively studied over a vast range of Mn concentrations. We calculate the electronic structures of these materials using density functional theory in both the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and the local density approximation $(\mathrm{LDA})+U$ scheme, that we have now implemented in the code SIESTA. For (Ga,Mn)As, the $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ approach leads to a hole mediated picture of the ferromagnetism, with an exchange constant $N\ensuremath{\beta}=\ensuremath{-}2.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. This is smaller than that obtained with LSDA, which overestimates the exchange coupling between Mn ions and the As $p$ holes. In contrast, the ferromagnetism in wurtzite (Ga,Mn)$\mathrm{N}$ is caused by the double-exchange mechanism, since a hole of strong $d$ character is found at the Fermi level in both the LSDA and the $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ approaches. In this case the coupling between the Mn ions decays rapidly with the Mn-Mn separation. This suggests a two phases picture of the ferromagnetic order in (Ga, Mn)$\mathrm{N}$, with a robust ferromagnetic phase at large Mn concentration coexisting with a diluted weak ferromagnetic phase.
Supertranslations: redundancies of horizon data and global symmetries at null infinity

We characterise the geometrical nature of smooth supertranslations defined on a generic non-expanding horizon (NEH) embedded in vacuum. To this end we consider the constraints imposed by the vacuum Einstein’s equations on the NEH structure, and discuss the transformation properties of their solutions under supertranslations. We present a freely specifiable data set which is both necessary and sufficient to reconstruct the full horizon geometry, and is composed of objects which are invariant under supertranslations. We conclude that smooth supertranslations do not transform the geometry of the NEH and that they should be regarded as pure gauge. Our results apply both to stationary and non-stationary states of a NEH, the latter ones being able to describe radiative processes taking place on the horizon. As a consistency check we repeat the analysis for Bondi–Metzner–Sachs (BMS) supertranslations defined on null infinity, I. Using the same framework as for the NEH we recover the well-known result that BMS supertranslations act non-trivially on the free data on I. The full analysis is made in exact, non-linear, general relativity.
MASSES AND MIXING OF QUARKS AND LEPTONS IN PRODUCT-GROUP UNIFICATION

We discuss a supersymmetric unied model based on a product gauge group SU(5) SU(5) SU(5), where the gauge symmetry breaking is achieved without the adjoint or higher-dimensional Higgs eld, and the doublet-triplet splitting in the Higgs masses is realized by the use of the discrete symmetry. In this article we present an explicit model for realistic fermion masses with the discrete symmetries Z7 Z2. It is shown that all the observed masses and mixing angles for quarks and leptons, including neutrinos, are well described by the breaking of the symmetries imposed in the model. Especially, the maximal and large mixing angles in the atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillations are obtained as the most preferred values, and the typical value of the neutrino mixing element Ue3 is 0.1{0.3. We also point out the non-trivial relations among the -parameter for the Higgs mass, the charged fermion hierarchies, and the neutrino masses. These relations suggest that the scale of is of order of the weak scale.
Factoring polynomials over large finite fields*

This paper reviews some of the known algorithms for factoring polynomials over finite fields and presents a new deterministic procedure for reducing the problem of factoring an arbitrary polynomial over the Galois field GF(p m) to the problem of finding the roots in GF(p) of certain other polynomials over GF(p). The amount of computation and the storage space required by these algorithms are algebraic in both the degree of the polynomial to be factored and the logarithm of the order of the finite field. Certain observations on the application of these methods to the factorization of polynomials over the rational integers are also included.
Does superior visual working memory capacity enable greater distractor suppression?

ABSTRACT We asked whether individuals high in working memory capacity have a superior ability to proactively suppress features. If so, it would help explain why these individuals are more resistant to attention capture. We tested this hypothesis using the capture-probe paradigm employed in Lien et al. (2022. On preventing attention capture: Is singleton suppression actually singleton suppression? Psychological Research, 86(6), 1958–1971). Participants (N = 112) performed a colour change detection task, assessing visual working memory capacity. They then performed a visual search task (70% of the trials) intermixed with probe tasks (30% of the trials). For the visual search task, either a salient colour singleton distractor or non-salient distractor (a triplet) appeared with the target object. For the probe recall task, participants reported probe letters that briefly appeared inside each object. Replicating Lien et al., a suppression effect on probe recall accuracy was observed for both salient singletons and non-salient triplets. Critically, high and low visual working memory capacity individuals showed statistically equivalent ability to suppress colour distractors. These findings suggest that proactive suppression is not the mechanism by which high-capacity individuals achieve greater resistance to capture. Proactive suppression may be an implicit process that does not require special working memory capabilities.
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the galaxy colour bimodality

We introduce the first two simulations of the IllustrisTNG project, a next generation of cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations, focusing on the optical colors of galaxies. We explore TNG100, a rerun of the original Illustris box, and TNG300, which includes 2x2500^3 resolution elements in a volume twenty times larger. Here we present first results on the galaxy color bimodality at low redshift. Accounting for the attenuation of stellar light by dust, we compare the simulated (g-r) colors of 10^9 10^11 Msun which redden at z<1 accumulate on average ~25% of their final z=0 mass post-reddening; at the same time, ~18% of such massive galaxies acquire half or more of their final stellar mass while on the red sequence.
Detection of magnetic field in the B2 star $\rho$ Oph A with ESO FORS2

Circumstantial evidence suggests that magnetism and enhanced X-ray emission are likely correlated in early B-type stars: similar fractions of them ($\sim$ 10 %) are strong and hard X-ray sources and possess strong magnetic fields. It is also known that some B-type stars have spots on their surface. Yet up to now no X-ray activity associated with spots on early-type stars was detected. In this Letter we report the detection of a magnetic field on the B2V star $\rho$ Oph A. Previously, we assessed that the X-ray activity of this star is associated with a surface spot, herewith we establish its magnetic origin. We analyzed FORS2 ESO VLT spectra of $\rho$ Oph A taken at two epochs and detected a longitudinal component of the magnetic field of order of $\sim500$ G in one of the datasets. The detection of the magnetic field only at one epoch can be explained by stellar rotation which is also invoked to explain observed periodic X-ray activity. From archival HARPS ESO VLT high resolution spectra we derived the fundamental stellar parameters of $\rho$ Oph A and further constrained its age. We conclude that $\rho$ Oph A provides strong evidence for the presence of active X-ray emitting regions on young magnetized early type stars.
Asymptotic Convertibility of Entanglement: A General Approach to Entanglement Concentration and Dilution

We consider asymptotic convertibility of an arbitrary sequence of bipartite pure states into another by local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We adopt an information-spectrum approach to address cases where each element of the sequences is not necessarily a tensor power of a bipartite pure state. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the LOCC convertibility of one sequence to another in terms of spectral entropy rates of entanglement of the sequences. Based on these results, we also provide simple proofs for previously known results on the optimal rates of entanglement concentration and dilution of general sequences of bipartite pure states.
Adoption of Technological Cost Data Management in the Tanzania Building Construction Industry

—Proper management of cost data ensures the availability of reliable cost data which increases accuracy in providing estimates in the building construction industry. This study explores how cost data is being managed in the Tanzania building construction industry. It will investigate the current perception of cost data management as well as the adoption of technological cost data management. It aims at realising the benefits, barriers, and ways to implement technological cost data management. The research involved the use of a questionnaire survey to collect data from quantity surveyors in the Tanzania building construction industry. The study revealed that majority of the quantity surveyors in the industry were not happy with how cost data is being managed and called for improvements to be done. Technological cost data management was considered as a positive way forward. Easy access to cost data, provision of reliable cost data and fast access to cost data were revealed as the key benefits of technological cost data management while poor technology, lack of finance and lack of awareness on benefits were the key barriers.
Mode identification from time-resolved spectroscopy of the pulsating white dwarf G29-38

We have used time-resolved spectroscopy to measure the colour dependence of pulsation amplitudes in the DAV white dwarf G29-38. Model atmospheres predict that mode amplitudes should change with wavelength in a manner that depends on the spherical harmonic degree l of the mode. This dependence arises from the convolution of mode geometry with wavelength-dependent limb darkening. Our analysis of the six largest normal modes detected in Keck observations of G29-38 reveals one mode with a colour dependence different from the other five, permitting us to identify the l-value of all six modes and to test the model predictions. The Keck observations also show pulsation amplitudes that are unexpectedly asymmetric within absorption lines. We show that these asymmetries arise from surface motions associated with the non-radial pulsations (which are discussed in detail in a companion paper). By incorporating surface velocity fields into line profile calculations, we are able to produce models that more closely resemble the observations.