Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SIGIR 2013 workshop on time aware information access (#TAIA2013)

Web content increasingly reflects the current state of the physical and social world, manifested both in traditional news media sources along with user-generated publishing sites such as Twitter, Foursquare, and Facebook. At the same time, web searching increasingly reflects problems grounded in the real world. As a result of this blending of the web with the real world, we observe that the web, both in its composition and use, has incorporated many of the dynamics of the real world. Few of the problems associated with searching dynamic collections are well understood, such as defining time-sensitive relevance, understanding user query behavior over time and understanding why certain web content changes. We believe that, just as static collections often benefit from modeling topics, dynamic collections will likely benefit from temporal modeling of events and time-sensitive user interests and intents, which were rarely addressed in the literature. There have been preliminary efforts in the research and industrial communities to address algorithms, architectures, evaluation methodologies and metrics. We aim to bring together practitioners and researchers to discuss their recent breakthroughs and the challenges with addressing time-aware information access, both from the algorithmic and the architectural perspectives. This workshop is a successor to the successful SIGIR 2012 Workshop on Time Aware Information Access (#TAIA2012). Where the 2012 edition was the first to bring together a broad set of academic and industrial researchers around the topic of time-aware information access, the specific focus of this workshop is on the many time-aware benchmarking activities that are ongoing in 2013.
Comprehensive insights into the response of Alexandrium tamarense to algicidal component secreted by a marine bacterium

Harmful algal blooms occur throughout the world, threatening human health, and destroying marine ecosystems. Alexandrium tamarense is a globally distributed and notoriously toxic dinoflagellate that is responsible for most paralytic shellfish poisoning incidents. The culture supernatant of the marine algicidal bacterium BS02 showed potent algicidal effects on A. tamarense ATGD98-006. In this study, we investigated the effects of this supernatant on A. tamarense at physiological and biochemical levels to elucidate the mechanism involved in the inhibition of algal growth by the supernatant of the strain BS02. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased following exposure to the BS02 supernatant, indicating that the algal cells had suffered from oxidative damage. The levels of cellular pigments, including chlorophyll a and carotenoids, were significantly decreased, which indicated that the accumulation of ROS destroyed pigment synthesis. The decline of the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and relative electron transport rate (rETR) suggested that the photosynthesis systems of algal cells were attacked by the BS02 supernatant. To eliminate the ROS, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), increased significantly within a short period of time. Real-time PCR revealed changes in the transcript abundances of two target photosynthesis-related genes (psbA and psbD) and two target respiration-related genes (cob and cox). The transcription of the respiration-related genes was significantly inhibited by the treatments, which indicated that the respiratory system was disturbed. Our results demonstrate that the BS02 supernatant can affect the photosynthesis process and might block the PS II electron transport chain, leading to the production of excessive ROS. The increased ROS can further destroy membrane integrity and pigments, ultimately inducing algal cell death.
A Nonconservative Lagrangian Framework for Statistical Fluid Registration—SAFIRA

In this paper, we used a nonconservative Lagrangian mechanics approach to formulate a new statistical algorithm for fluid registration of 3-D brain images. This algorithm is named SAFIRA, acronym for statistically-assisted fluid image registration algorithm. A nonstatistical version of this algorithm was implemented , where the deformation was regularized by penalizing deviations from a zero rate of strain. In , the terms regularizing the deformation included the covariance of the deformation matrices (Σ) and the vector fields (q) . Here, we used a Lagrangian framework to reformulate this algorithm, showing that the regularizing terms essentially allow nonconservative work to occur during the flow. Given 3-D brain images from a group of subjects, vector fields and their corresponding deformation matrices are computed in a first round of registrations using the nonstatistical implementation. Covariance matrices for both the deformation matrices and the vector fields are then obtained and incorporated (separately or jointly) in the nonconservative terms, creating four versions of SAFIRA. We evaluated and compared our algorithms' performance on 92 3-D brain scans from healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twins; 2-D validations are also shown for corpus callosum shapes delineated at midline in the same subjects. After preliminary tests to demonstrate each method, we compared their detection power using tensor-based morphometry (TBM), a technique to analyze local volumetric differences in brain structure. We compared the accuracy of each algorithm variant using various statistical metrics derived from the images and deformation fields. All these tests were also run with a traditional fluid method, which has been quite widely used in TBM studies. The versions incorporating vector-based empirical statistics on brain variation were consistently more accurate than their counterparts, when used for automated volumetric quantification in new brain images. This suggests the advantages of this approach for large-scale neuroimaging studies.
Towards effective and efficient mining of arbitrary shaped clusters

Mining arbitrary shaped clusters in large data sets is an open challenge in data mining. Various approaches to this problem have been proposed with high time complexity. To save computational cost, some algorithms try to shrink a data set size to a smaller amount of representative data examples. However, their user-defined shrinking ratios may significantly affect the clustering performance. In this paper, we present CLASP an effective and efficient algorithm for mining arbitrary shaped clusters. It automatically shrinks the size of a data set while effectively preserving the shape information of clusters in the data set with representative data examples. Then, it adjusts the positions of these representative data examples to enhance their intrinsic relationship and make the cluster structures more clear and distinct for clustering. Finally, it performs agglomerative clustering to identify the cluster structures with the help of a mutual k-nearest neighbors-based similarity metric called Pk. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real data sets are conducted, and the results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Conditional Autoregressions with Doubly Stochastic Weight Matrices

A conditional spatial autoregression (CAR) specifies dependence via a weight matrix. Employing a doubly stochastic weight matrix allows users to interpret the CAR prediction rule as a semiparametric prediction rule and as BLUP with smoothing in addition to other benefits. We examine standard and doubly stochastic weight matrices in the context of an illustrative data set to demonstrate feasibility and statistical performance advantages.
ClC‐1 CHLORIDE CHANNEL: MATCHING ITS PROPERTIES TO A ROLE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE

1 ClC‐1 is a Cl− channel in mammalian skeletal muscle that plays an important role in membrane repolarization following muscular contraction. Reduction of ClC‐1 conductance results in myotonia, a state characterized by muscle hyperexcitability. 2 As is the case for other members of the ClC family, ClC‐1 exists as a dimer that forms a double‐barrelled channel. Each barrel, or pore, of ClC‐1 is gated by its own gate (‘fast’ or ‘single pore’ gate), whereas both pores are gated simultaneously by another mechanism (‘slow’ or ‘common’ gate). 3 Comparison of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of heterologously expressed ClC‐1 with the properties of the Cl− conductance measured in skeletal muscle strongly suggests that ClC‐1 is the major Cl− channel responsible for muscle repolarization. However, not all results obtained in experiments on whole muscle or muscle fibres support this notion. 4 In the present review we attempt to bring together the current knowledge of ClC‐1 with the physiology of skeletal muscle.
The Duality Cascade

The duality cascade, and its dual description as string theory on the warped deformed conifold, brings together several sophisticated topics, some of which are not widely known. These lectures, which contain a number of previously unpublished results, and are intended for experts as well as students, seek to explain the physics of duality cascades. Seiberg duality is carefully introduced, with detailed attention to the physical implications of duality away from the far infrared. The conifold is briefly introduced and strings on the conifold (the Klebanov-Witten model) are discussed. Next, fractional branes are introduced. The duality cascade is then constructed in field theory and in its dual supergravity description. Among the newly published results: it is shown why supergravity sees the cascade as smooth; how the two holomorphic couplings (dilaton and integrated two-form in supergravity) are related to the three physical couplings in the gauge theory; that there are actually twice as many approximate fixed points in the cascade as might be naively expected. These notes are based on lectures given at TASI 2003 and at the 2003 PIMS Summer School on Strings, Gravity & Cosmology.
Multi Agent Knowledge Management Architecture

Nowadays, knowledge in Public Sector environment becomes very vast and increasing day by day at speedy pace. So, to handle and manage the knowledge becomes a tedious job, resulting into degrading the overall affectivity and productivity of the system. Hence, the need of effective architecture arises, which can increase the performance of disseminating knowledge in public sector. This results the implementation of knowledge management (KM) using Multi Agents (MA). Using Multi Agents reduces the time overhead for serving relevant knowledge to end users. The objective of this paper is to propose KM architecture using MA which will be helpful and effective in circulating knowledge to public sectors in a much better and easier manner, due to which it enhances the productivity and performance. The paper firstly, gives the understanding of literature on various knowledge management frameworks and tools for implementing Multi Agents. Then it proposes a MA enterprise knowledge management architecture (MAEKM), stating that how knowledge circulation will be done. At the end, using JADE framework, paper implements MAEKM architecture for public sector. The paper describes the necessity of implementing this architecture and its usefulness in disseminating knowledge in public sectors.
Capturing player experience with post-game commentaries

Player experience is at the heart of good game design, but designers typically have limited experience data to work with. Detailed and fine-grained accounts of gaming experience would be of great value to designers and researchers alike, but recording such data is a significant challenge. We describe an approach based on post-game player commentaries, retrospective verbal reports cued by video of the gaming session and a word list. A pilot study was carried out to capture player experience of a tutorial level for a third person shooter game. We show how the technique can be used to provide useful game design feedback.
Survey of Parallel Volume Rendering Algorithms

Volume rendering is a compute and memory intensive application. Researchers have attempted to use parallel computers to speed up volume rendering for interactive frame rates. Many architectures and approaches have been developed. I develop a taxonomy of volume rendering by forming (cid:12)ve categories: algorithm control (cid:13)ow, targeted hardware, application data characteristics, visualization method, and publication speci(cid:12)cs. I discuss the current approaches in parallel volume rendering algorithms, and show how di(cid:11)erent tax-onomies from the developed classi(cid:12)cation provide the ability to compare, contrast, and show potential for future research results.
Improving quality at the hospital psychiatric ward level through the use of the EFQM model.

OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model as a quality framework for improving a psychiatric hospital ward. METHODOGY: Two self-assessments were conducted using the EFQM model. The self-assessment methods combined two approaches proposed by the EFQM: the award simulation approach and the questionnaire approach. Work groups were set up to improve the areas for improvement identified on the self-assessment. RESULTS The EFQM was a useful framework for self-assessment at the ward level and a good system for identifying areas for improvement. Only one of the 32 sub-criteria did not apply at the ward level. The self-assessment score was 209 points in 2003 and 311 points 2 years later (an increase of 48.8% from the initial score). DISCUSSION The main difficulties were ensuring that clinical personnel understood the EFQM model, the extra effort demanded by the initial phase and the lack of decision-making capacity in certain relevant areas. Adapting the self-assessment methodology to the specific context facilitated the process, as did a high level of involvement of the part of manager and staff. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to implement the EFQM model at the hospital was level and it has a positive influence on staff communication and involvement. It is important, when working at this level, to adequately focus the scope of the project on improving quality in those areas where there is decision-making capacity.
The Contextual Game Experience: On the Socio-Cultural Contexts for Meaning in Digital Play

The experiences game players and other people have around digital games are not limited to the intensive, immersive ways of playing them. Therefore the earlier SCI model of gameplay experiences is not sufficient to cover the full range of game experiences. In this paper a more comprehensive model is presented by describing the multiple contextual layers that surround and underlie every encounter with digital play and games. Author Keywords player experience, gameplay experience, context, meaning
HIV-1 and Human PEG10 Frameshift Elements Are Functionally Distinct and Distinguished by Novel Small Molecule Modulators

Frameshifting during translation of viral or in rare cases cellular mRNA results in the synthesis of proteins from two overlapping reading frames within the same mRNA. In HIV-1 the protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase enzymes are in a second reading frame relative to the structural group-specific antigen (gag), and their synthesis is dependent upon frameshifting. This ensures that a strictly regulated ratio of structural proteins and enzymes, which is critical for HIV-1 replication and viral infectivity, is maintained during protein synthesis. The frameshift element in HIV-1 RNA is an attractive target for the development of a new class of anti HIV-1 drugs. However, a number of examples are now emerging of human genes using −1 frameshifting, such as PEG10 and CCR5. In this study we have compared the HIV-1 and PEG10 frameshift elements and shown they have distinct functional characteristics. Frameshifting occurs at several points within each element. Moreover, frameshift modulators that were isolated by high-throughput screening of a library of 114,000 lead-like compounds behaved differently with the PEG10 frameshift element. The most effective compounds affecting the HIV-1 element enhanced frameshifting by 2.5-fold at 10 μM in two different frameshift reporter assay systems. HIV-1 protease:gag protein ratio was affected by a similar amount in a specific assay of virally-infected cultured cell, but the modulation of frameshifting of the first-iteration compounds was not sufficient to show significant effects on viral infectivity. Importantly, two compounds did not affect frameshifting with the human PEG10 element, while one modestly inhibited rather than enhanced frameshifting at the human element. These studies indicate that frameshift elements have unique characteristics that may allow targeting of HIV-1 and of other viruses specifically for development of antiviral therapeutic molecules without effect on human genes like PEG10 that use the same generic mechanism.
Structure, Energetics, Electronic, and Hydration Properties of Neutral and Anionic Al3O6, Al3O7, and Al3O8 Clusters

We report the results of a theoretical study of neutral and anionic Al 3 O n (n = 6-8) and an experimental investigation of Al 3 O 6 H 2 - clusters, focusing on their structural and electronic properties. Our results, based on density functional calculations, reveal that sequential oxidation of Al 3 O 5 induces significant structural changes in the cluster configurations in which an O 2 molecule tends to replace an O atom. The neutral Al 3 O n (n = 6-8) clusters are found to be in doublet electronic states, with a planar to three-dimensional close-packed structure being most stable. The triplet state is found to be the optimum electronic state for the ground state of anionic Al 3 O n (n = 6-8). The clusters showed an energetic preference for a twisted-pair rhombic structure, although for n = 6 and 8, a planar hexagonal structure was only 0.16 eV higher in energy. It is also shown that the strength of the oxygen-oxygen bond dominates the preferred fragmentation path for both neutral and anionic clusters. The hydration behavior of an n = 6 cluster Al 3 O 6 H 2 - was examined experimentally using an ion trap-secondary ion mass spectrometer under vacuum conditions, and the gas-phase clusters were shown to add three H 2 O molecules. Since H 2 O addition is consistent with the presence of under-coordinated metals in oxide clusters, the experimental result for n = 6 was consistent with the planar hexagonal structure, which contained three under-coordinated Al sites.
Constituency Service with Electoral and Institutional Variation

We analyze a model of constituency service provision to understand how the level of constituency service responds to variation in both institutions and the competitiveness of elections. We show that single-member districts, separately elected executives, and more ideologically balanced electorates all increase incentives for constituency service. We use these results to explain why constituency service and party strength are negatively related in comparative evidence but positively related in historical evidence. We also discuss incentives for divided delegations and for personalized constituencies in multi-member districts.
An automatic classification system for consumer regulatory focus by analyzing web shopping logs

According to regulatory focus theory, a representative theory on consumer behavior, human personality can be divided into two types: promotion and prevention. These two personality types have much influence on the consumer's decision in many diverse areas, such as information exploration, information processing, and the evaluation of alternatives. In this research, we try to classify the consumer's regulatory focus using web shopping logs as the groundwork for adapting it to personalized recommendation. For this purpose, we define the consumer's behavior variables, utilitarian preference index, and information exploration activity index by analyzing the web shopping logs. We then use these variables as inputs to learn a classifier for predicting the consumer's regulatory focus. This research shows the possibility of systematization of the consumer behavior theory as an interdisciplinary research of social science and information technology. Based on this attempt, research can be extended to IT services adapting social science theories to a variety of areas, apart from the consumer behavior area.
Regiospecificity of Dioxygenation of Di- to Pentachlorobiphenyls and Their Degradation to Chlorobenzoates by the bph-Encoded Catabolic Pathway of Burkholderia sp. Strain LB400

ABSTRACT Burkholderia sp. strain LB400 is one of the most potent aerobic polychlorobiphenyl (PCB)-degrading microorganisms that have been characterized. Its PCB-dioxygenating activity originates predominantly or exclusively from the biphenyl dioxygenase encoded by its bph gene cluster. Analysis of the dioxygenation products of several di- to pentachlorinated biphenyls formed by this enzyme revealed a complex dependence of the regiospecificity and the yield of dioxygenation on the substitution patterns of both the oxidized and the nonoxidized rings. No dioxygenolytic attack involving chlorinated meta or para carbons was observed. Therefore, the ability of the enzyme to hydroxylate chlorinated carbons appears to be limited to the ortho position. However, it is not limited to monochlorinated rings, as evidenced by dioxygenation of the 2,4-disubstituted ring at carbons 2 and 3. This site of attack is strikingly different from that of the 2,5-dichlorinated ring, which has been shown to be dihydroxylated at positions 3 and 4 (J. D. Haddock, J. R. Horton, and D. T. Gibson, J. Bacteriol. 177:20–26, 1995). These results demonstrate that a second substituent of ortho-chlorinated rings crucially influences the site of dioxygenation at this ring and thereby determines whether or not the initial chlorobiphenyl oxidation product is further metabolized through the bph-encoded pathway. The 2,4-dichlorinated ring can alternatively be attacked at carbons 5 and 6. The preferred site crucially depends on the substitution pattern of the other ring. The formation of more than a single dioxygenation product was found predominantly with congeners that contain two chlorinated rings, both of which are similarly prone to dioxygenation or one is substituted only at carbon 3.
Experiences with locking in a NUMA multiprocessor operating system kernel

We describe the locking architecture of a new operating system, HURRICANE, designed for large scale shared-memory multiprocessors. Many papers already describe kernel locking techniques, and some of the techniques we use have been previously described by others. However, our work is novel in the particular combination of techniques used, as well as several of the individual techniques themselves. Moreover, it is the way the techniques work together that is the source of our performance advantages and scalability. Briefly, we use: • a hybrid coarse-grain/fine-grain locking strategy that has the low latency and space overhead of a coarse-grain locking strategy while having the high concurrency of a fine-grain locking strategy; • replication of data structures to increase access bandwidth and improve concurrency; • a clustered kernel that bounds the number of processors that can compete for a lock so as to reduce second order effects such as memory and interconnect contention; • Distributed Locks to further reduce second order effects, with modifications that reduce the uncontended latency of these locks to close to that of spin locks.