Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The long-term effects of malnutrition on IQ and adaptive behavior in Indonesian children

THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITION ON IQ AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIAN CHILDREN. Kinari E. Webb, Sara S. Sparrow, Nicholas J. Horton, Paul Geary, and David L. Katz. Yale Child Study Center and Yale University Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT; Department of Biostatistics, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Boston MA; Section of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Mission Hospital, West Kalimantan, Indonesia; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. This research explored the relationship between malnutrition, environmental factors, and the cognitive and developmental skills of Dyak children in West, Kalimantan, Indonesia. We compared a child’s stature with their IQ and adaptive behavior skills at age 7-8 years old as measured by the Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence-third revision and the Vineland adaptive behavior skills test (N=92). The effect of timing and duration of malnutrition on IQ and adaptive behavior was also examined by using anthropometric data that had been collected monthly during the children’s first five years of life (N=38). Shorter children were found to have decreased IQs and composite adaptive behavior scores although these associations were not significant after the confounding effects of parental IQ, schooling and economic variables were taken into account. Shorter children had poorer scores in the motor skills subsection of the Vineland and this effect remained after controlling for environmental factors. Children with low weight-for-age z-scores at 17 and 30 months had decreased IQs and children who weighed less at 48 months had reduced adaptive behavior scores. This suggests that malnutrition at different ages may have differential effects on cognitive and developmental outcomes. Children with an increased duration of malnutrition had lower IQs but this effect did not remain when environmental factors were included in the analyses. The complex interactions and potential causal relationships between measures of nutritional status, other environmental variables, and cognitive and developmental skills are discussed. While malnutrition may have detrimental effects on cognitive and developmental skills, these effects appear to be relatively small in comparison to the large negative effects of other risk factors such as lack of schooling.
P2P Streaming Traffic Detection in Encrypted Tunnel

The evolution of Internet is continually growing, most people use online streaming applications to watch videos. However, some of P2P streaming applications usually occupy the network bandwidth, and the encrypted tunnel is usually used to avoid the traffic to be detected. Thus, it is an important issue for ISP to detect the traffic in the encrypted tunnel. This paper proposes a novel solution to detect P2P streaming traffic in the encrypted tunnel based on the heartbeat signature of the traffic. The solution finds the heartbeat signature by using the plain-text P2P streaming traffic and detects the traffic in the encrypted tunnel. The true positive rate and the true negative rate of the proposed solution to detect Funshion traffic can reach 93.67% and 100%, respectively.
Evaluation of Cysteinyl Leukotriene Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Current pharmacotherapy options include cytotoxic chemotherapy, anti-VEGF, and anti-EGFR targeting drugs, but these are limited by toxic side effects, limited responses and ultimately resistance. Cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) signaling regulates intestinal homeostasis with mounting evidence suggesting that CysLT signaling also plays a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Therefore, CysLT signaling represents a novel target for this malignancy. This review evaluates reported links between CysLT signaling and established hallmarks of cancer in addition to its pharmacological potential as a new therapeutic target.
Agent Design Patterns Framework for MaSE/POAD Methodology

Much of the research work on agent design patterns has primarily focused on discovering and documenting patterns. Agent design patterns promise early reuse benefits at the design stage. To reap the benefits of deploying these proven design solutions, we need a methodology to construct agent applications using patterns. The MaSE/POAD methodology is one which aims to provide a systematic development process using pattern. The methodology is a hybrid between the Multiagent System Engineering (MaSE) and Pattern Oriented Analysis and Design (POAD) methodology. This paper presents an agent design pattern framework which could be immersed in the methodology. The framework contains the description of the pattern structure and representation that can be used to model the agents in specific application. The pattern representation is based on the views provided in the MaSE/POAD: task, conversation and structural. Two examples of patterns; Initiatior pattern and Observer pattern are presented to illustrate the framework.
A Transient Increase in Eosinophils Is Associated with Prolonged Survival in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Who Receive Sipuleucel-T

McNeel and colleagues demonstrate that a transient increase in eosinophil counts following sipuleucel-T treatment was associated with therapy-induced immune responses and longer prostate cancer survival, suggesting this could be prospectively evaluated as a biomarker in clinical trials. Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy used to treat asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Traditional short-term indicators of clinical response commonly used with chemotherapy have not correlated with survival in patients treated with sipuleucel-T. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate laboratory parameters as possible early biomarkers associated with clinical benefit following sipuleucel-T treatment. Patients treated with sipuleucel-T from three randomized, controlled, phase III clinical trials in mCRPC were considered: IMPACT (NCT00065442; n = 512), D9901 (NCT00005947; n = 127), and D9902A (NCT01133704; n = 98). Patients from these trials were included in this study if their samples were analyzed by the central laboratory and if data were available from baseline and ≥1 posttreatment time point (n = 377). We found that sipuleucel-T treatment was associated with a transient increase in serum eosinophil count at week 6 that resolved by week 14 in 28% of patients (105 of 377). This eosinophil increase correlated with induced immune response, longer prostate cancer–specific survival [HR, 0.713; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.525–0.970; P = 0.031], and a trend in overall survival (HR, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.563–1.008; P = 0.057). Median serum globulin protein levels also increased transiently, which was associated with antigen-specific antibody responses; however, this finding did not correlate with longer survival. We conclude that transient increases in eosinophils at week 6 may be a useful, objective, short-term indicator of global immune activation and survival benefit with sipuleucel-T in patients with mCRPC. This observation warrants prospective evaluation in future clinical trials. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(10); 988–99. ©2014 AACR.
Optimal design of a new 6-DOF haptic device

This paper presents the optimal design and self-tuning fuzzy PID force control of a new 6-DOF haptic device. The haptic device is designed to select the optimal lengths of links so that requirements of workspace, force transmission ratio and singular configuration are satisfied. These requirements produce a composite global design index as a multi objective function. The indexes of optimal design are described in the discrete domain where the local workspace is approximated by a pyramid. The comparisons of six designs for six different weighting factors indicate the best case of optimal design.
Global Learning of Labeled Dependency Trees

In the paper we describe a dependency parser that uses exact search and global learning (Crammer et al., 2006) to produce labelled dependency trees. Our system integrates the task of learning tree structure and learning labels in one step, using the same set of features for both tasks. During label prediction, the system automatically selects for each feature an appropriate level of smoothing. We report on several experiments that we conducted with our system. In the shared task evaluation, it scored better than average.
Origin of which-way information and generalization of the Born rule

The possibility to recover the which-way information, for example in the two slit experiment, is based on a natural but implicit assumption about the position of a particle {\it before} a position measurement is performed on it. This assumption cannot be deduced from the standard postulates of quantum mechanics. In the present paper this assumption is made explicit and formally postulated as a new rule, the {\it quantum typicality rule}. This rule correlates the positions of the particles at two different times, thus defining their trajectories. Unexpectedly, this rule is also equivalent to the Born rule with regard to the explanation of the results of statistical experiments. For this reason it can be considered a generalization of the Born rule. The existence of the quantum typicality rule strongly suggests the possibility of a new trajectory-based formulation of quantum mechanics. According to this new formulation, a closed quantum system is represented as a {\it quantum process}, which corresponds to a canonical stochastic process in which the probability measure is replaced by the wave function and the usual frequentist interpretation of probability is replaced by the quantum typicality rule.
Replicating Receptive Fields of Simple and Complex Cells in Primary Visual Cortex in a Neuronal Network Model with Temporal and Population Sparseness and Reliability

We propose a new principle for replicating receptive field properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex. We derive a learning rule for a feedforward network, which maintains a low firing rate for the output neurons (resulting in temporal sparseness) and allows only a small subset of the neurons in the network to fire at any given time (resulting in population sparseness). Our learning rule also sets the firing rates of the output neurons at each time step to near-maximum or near-minimum levels, resulting in neuronal reliability. The learning rule is simple enough to be written in spatially and temporally local forms. After the learning stage is performed using input image patches of natural scenes, output neurons in the model network are found to exhibit simple-cell-like receptive field properties. When the output of these simple-cell-like neurons are input to another model layer using the same learning rule, the second-layer output neurons after learning become less sensitive to the phase of gratings than the simple-cell-like input neurons. In particular, some of the second-layer output neurons become completely phase invariant, owing to the convergence of the connections from first-layer neurons with similar orientation selectivity to second-layer neurons in the model network. We examine the parameter dependencies of the receptive field properties of the model neurons after learning and discuss their biological implications. We also show that the localized learning rule is consistent with experimental results concerning neuronal plasticity and can replicate the receptive fields of simple and complex cells.
Motoneurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Develop Mature Phenotypes Typical of Endogenous Spinal Motoneurons

Induced pluripotent cell-derived motoneurons (iPSCMNs) are sought for use in cell replacement therapies and treatment strategies for motoneuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, much remains unknown about the physiological properties of iPSCMNs and how they compare with endogenous spinal motoneurons or embryonic stem cell-derived motoneurons (ESCMNs). In the present study, we first used a proteomic approach and compared protein expression profiles between iPSCMNs and ESCMNs to show that <4% of the proteins identified were differentially regulated. Like ESCs, we found that mouse iPSCs treated with retinoic acid and a smoothened agonist differentiated into motoneurons expressing the LIM homeodomain protein Lhx3. When transplanted into the neural tube of developing chick embryos, iPSCMNs selectively targeted muscles normally innervated by Lhx3 motoneurons. In vitro studies showed that iPSCMNs form anatomically mature and functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) when cocultured with chick myofibers for several weeks. Electrophysiologically, iPSCMNs developed passive membrane and firing characteristic typical of postnatal motoneurons after several weeks in culture. Finally, iPSCMNs grafted into transected mouse tibial nerve projected axons to denervated gastrocnemius muscle fibers, where they formed functional NMJs, restored contractile force. and attenuated denervation atrophy. Together, iPSCMNs possess many of the same cellular and physiological characteristics as ESCMNs and endogenous spinal motoneurons. These results further justify using iPSCMNs as a source of motoneurons for cell replacement therapies and to study motoneuron diseases such as ALS.
The Mediating Role of Work–Family Conflict on Role Stressors and Employee Turnover Intention Relationship in Labour-oriented Organizations

This study works on the conception that an employee’s experience of more stress at work produces work–family conflict (WFC), and consequently, it increases his or her intention to quit the organization. In examining the effect of WFC on role stressors and turnover intention relationship, this study suggests that employees respond negatively to WFC, which mediates the three dimensions of role stressors (role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload) and turnover intention relationship. Data were collected from a sample of 365 supervisors working in Bangladesh’s ready-made garment (RMG) industry. The results support the proposed relationship, which suggests that all three dimensions of role stressors increase employees’ WFC that instigates employee turnover intention. Thus, WFC is found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between role stressors and turnover intention. The implications for practice and recommendations for future research are discussed as well.
A Consensus Definition of Self-Forgiveness: Implications for Assessment and Treatment

Although forgiveness is a broad psychological construct of increasing interest, the majority of research has focused on forgiveness of another person for a specific transgression. Independent of other dimensions of forgiveness, self-forgiveness has been significantly associated with health and well-being. Many dimensions of forgiveness share common definitional components; however, due to conceptual differences based on the self as both the offender and the offended, a distinct definition of self-forgiveness is necessary. Indeed, definition and resultant measurement-related limitations have likely slowed the progression of research on self-forgiveness, including understanding the role of self-forgiveness in the promotion of health and well-being and the role of self-forgiveness in facilitating treatment itself. A comprehensive literature review was conducted revealing 177 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles focused on the psychology of self-forgiveness. Of those 177 articles, 85 (48.02%) contained explicit definition-based information regarding self-forgiveness as a particular construct, from which 5 key distinctive definitional components were identified: reconciliation, acceptance, accountability, human-connectedness, and change-commitment. A comprehensive and accessible definition of self-forgiveness is proposed based on a consensus of the scientific peer-reviewed psychological literature. In addition, implications of a consensus definition for more effective assessment and treatment are discussed.
A subspace ensemble based data dependent binary classification model

Classifying patterns into two classes is a typical problem of binary classification in pattern recognition. Binary classification is an industrial problem in many fields like medicine, search mechanism, diagnostic of disease in humans, security and many other aspects. In this paper, we have proposed a random subspace based ensemble data dependent classification model for the binary classification problem. The proposed method makes use of the information about the structure of given data and the availability of the training instances, in selection of the classification model. A subspace ensemble for a set of one class and two-class classifier are generated, trained and tested on the given data. The proposed method is evaluated on receiver operating curve (ROC), cross validation accuracy and Qstatistics. From the empirical results obtained, we have reached the following conclusions that the overall performance of the two class ensemble was better because of the ability of the ensemble to make use of the knowledge of both the positive and negative samples and thus constructs better class boundaries. The one class ensemble makes use of positive samples only and gives better performance when (i) training patterns are sparse and (ii) outlier detection is required.
PAD4 mediated histone hypercitrullination induces heterochromatin decondensation and chromatin unfolding to form neutrophil extracellular trap-like structures

NETosis, the process wherein neutrophils release highly decondensed chromatin called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has gained much attention as an alternative means of killing bacteria. In vivo, NETs are induced by bacteria and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We have reported that peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an enzyme that converts Arg or monomethyl-Arg to citrulline in histones, is essential for NET formation. The areas of extensive chromatin decondensation along the NETs were rich in histone citrullination. Here, upon investigating the effect of global citrullination in cultured cells, we discovered that PAD4 overexpression in osteosarcoma U2OS cells induces extensive chromatin decondensation independent of apoptosis. The highly decondensed chromatin is released to the extracellular space and stained strongly by a histone citrulline-specific antibody. The structure of the decondensed chromatin is reminiscent of NETs but is unique in that it occurs without stimulation of cells with pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacteria. Furthermore, histone citrullination during chromatin decondensation can dissociate heterochromatin protein 1 beta (HP1β) thereby offering a new molecular mechanism for understanding how citrullination regulates chromatin function. Taken together, our study suggests that PAD4 mediated citrullination induces chromatin decondensation, implicating its essential role in NET formation under physiological conditions in neutrophils.
Iterative hard thresholding based Extreme Learning Machine

Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) is a new learning algorithm for Single hidden Layer Feed-forward Networks (SLFNs). The ELM has better generalization, rapid training and lower complexity, however, the method suffer from singularity problem and obtaining optimum number of neurons in the hidden layer. In this paper, we considered an IHT for sparse approximation of the output weights vector of the ELM network. The performance evaluation of the proposed method which is called IHT-ELM, was chosen out on four commonly used medical dataset for prediction purposes. The results showed that IHT-ELM has several advantages against the original ELM methods such as obtaining optimum number of neurons and low complexity.
New High Proper Motion Stars from the Digitized Sky Survey. II. Northern Stars with 05 yr−1 < μ < 20 yr−1 at High Galactic Latitudes

In a continuation of our systematic search for high proper motion stars in the Digitized Sky Survey, we have completed the analysis of northern sky fields at Galactic latitudes above 25°. With the help of our SUPERBLINK software, a powerful automated blink comparator developed by us, we have identified 1146 stars in the magnitude range 8 < r < 20 with proper motions 0. ″500 yr-1 < μ < 2. ″000 yr-1. These include 1080 stars previously listed in Luyten's proper-motion catalogs (the Luyten Half-Second catalog and the New Luyten Two-Tenths catalog), nine stars not previously listed in the Luyten catalogs but reported elsewhere in the literature (including one previously reported by our team), and 57 new objects reported here for the first time. This paper includes a list of positions, proper motions, magnitudes, and finder charts for all the new high proper motion stars. Combined with our previous study of low Galactic latitude fields (see Paper I), our survey now covers over 98% of the northern sky. We conclude that the Luyten catalogs were ≃90% complete in the northern sky for stars with 0. ″5 < μ < 2. ″0 down to magnitude r = 19. We discuss the incompleteness of the old Luyten proper-motion survey and estimate completeness limits for our new survey.
Reproductive and testicular characteristics of purebred and crossbred boars.

SUMMARY One-hundred-ninety-five Duroc (D), Hampshire (H), Duroc X Hampshire (DXH) and Hampshire X Duroc (HX D) boars were evaluated for reproductive performance. One-hundred-sixteen boars were castrated at approximately 225 days of age to evaluate testicular and epididymidal weights and sperm numbers. Testes from crossbred boars were 95.33 + 22.81 g heavier (P .10) for gilts mated to purebred and crossbred sires, respectively. Twenty-eight of 36
The Problems and Challenges of Managing Crowd Sourced Audio-Visual Evidence

A number of recent incidents, such as the Stanley Cup Riots, the uprisings in the Middle East and the London riots have demonstrated the value of crowd sourced audio-visual evidence wherein citizens submit audio-visual footage captured on mobile phones and other devices to aid governmental institutions, responder agencies and law enforcement authorities to confirm the authenticity of incidents and, in the case of criminal activity, to identify perpetrators. The use of such evidence can present a significant logistical challenge to investigators, particularly because of the potential size of data gathered through such mechanisms and the added problems of time-lining disparate sources of evidence and, subsequently, investigating the incident(s). In this paper we explore this problem and, in particular, outline the pressure points for an investigator. We identify and explore a number of particular problems related to the secure receipt of the evidence, imaging, tagging and then time-lining the evidence, and the problem of identifying duplicate and near duplicate items of audio-visual evidence.