Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization-Based Parameter Estimation for PMSMs Under Unified Observable Conditions

Parameter estimation of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is broadly researched, while the parameter observability has not been well-discussed. This article employs the local weak observability theory to obtain unified observable conditions and give a definite reference for parameter estimation. Based on the results, a novel machine parameter estimation algorithm based on convex optimization is proposed to verify these conditions. This scheme establishes an integrated cost function and solves it by the numerical method to estimate parameters. Then, with the proposed approach, several parameters are obtained together by one estimator, which avoids multiple observer designs and reduces the system's complexity. Moreover, convergency analyses of the cost function demonstrate that the states of PMSMs are locally weakly observable at the unified conditions. Finally, the stability of the observable conditions and the feasibility of the proposed method are verified on a 4-kW PMSM experimental setup.
Au- and Pd-Doped SnS2 Monolayers for Lung Cancer Biomarkers (C3H6O, C6H6, and C5H8) Detection: A Density Functional Theory Investigation

An efficient and noninvasive method of sensing lung cancer at an early stage is through detecting its biomarkers in the patient’s exhaled breath. Acetone (C3H6O), benzene (C6H6), and isoprene (C5H8) emerged as crucial biomarkers, which were significantly elevated in lung cancer patients. Here, we investigated the adsorption behaviors of the three gas molecules on pristine and transition metal (TM)-doped (Au and Pd) SnS2 monolayers using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Our findings indicate that both Au- and Pd-doped SnS2 display higher adsorption energies (−0.53 to −1.313 eV) than that of the pure SnS2 monolayer (0.031 to 0.066 eV). Specifically, Pd–SnS2 exhibits smaller adsorption energy compared to that of Au–SnS2 when capturing C3H6O, C6H6, and C5H8. The estimated recovery times for Pd–SnS2 (8.016 × 10–4 to 16.02 s) are shorter compared to those of Au–SnS2 (1.11 to 1.14 × 1010 s), indicating the superior capability of Pd–SnS2 over Au–SnS2 as a reversible sensor. Afterward, calculations of band structure, projected density of states (PDOS), and charge transfer were performed, which further substantiates the more promising potentials for Pd-doped SnS2 monolayer as gas sensors over the others. Overall, our results suggest that Pd–SnS2 is a better candidate for C3H6O, C6H6, and C5H8 detection over Au–SnS2 and pristine SnS2.
A Hybrid Wireless Electrodeless QCM-D for the Discrimination of Volatile Organic Compounds

The chemical selectivity and the sensor replacements challenge the applications of electronic noses (E-noses) in the detection of complex odors in natural environments. A hybrid of virtual sensor array (VSA) and multisensor array (MSA) was proposed in this article to enhance the selectivity of an E-nose by operating one of the sensor units at multiparameters instead of adding more sensors conventionally. The hybrid sensor array was developed based on four wireless electrodeless quartz crystal microbalances with dissipation (WE-QCM-D), in which the sensor units could be replaced conveniently. Each WE-QCM-D was worked at a different fundamental frequency (6, 7.45, 8, and 9 MHz) and coated with a different sensing film. The VSA was created on the WE-QCM-D working at 6 MHz, and the dynamic viscoelasticity of the sensing film was probed by tracking the resonant frequency shifts and acoustic energy dissipation at multiple harmonics. In practice, the recognition accuracy of the hybrid system on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspaces of seven Chinese herbs was improved by 3%–6% as VSA helped the discrimination between structurally similar VOCs. The results indicate that the VOC selectivity of an E-nose could be improved by working in a VSA mode without increasing the complexity of its geometry. The hybrid of MSA and VSA would be a promising alternative strategy to promote the realization of a low cost and compact artificial olfactory system with high performance and stability.
Optimizing Al Composition in Barriers for InGaN Amber Micro-LEDs With High Wall-Plug Efficiency

This study demonstrated InGaN-based amber micro-light-emitting diodes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LEDs) with varying Al contents of 2%, 5%, and 16% in barriers. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LEDs with Al<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathbf {{0}. {05}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>GaN in barriers exhibited the highest on-wafer wall-plug efficiency due to the good material quality and optimal energy band engineering for carrier injection. We fabricated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LEDs with diameters ranging from 60 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> using the optimal epi-structure. The forward voltage was 2.15 V at 1 A/cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathbf {{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a significantly lower value compared to others. The external quantum efficiency and wall-plug efficiency of the packaged <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LEDs with a diameter of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are 4.8% and 4% at 1 A/cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathbf {{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The slight decrease in efficiency of 10-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m} \mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LEDs can be attributed to the sidewall effect, which was confirmed by photoluminescent and lifetime mapping.
GAN Based Audio Noise Suppression for Victim Detection at Disaster Sites With UAV

This article presents a noise suppression system designed for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Searching for people using robots is expected to become a useful tool for saving lives during disasters. In particular, because UAVs can collect information from the air, there has been much research in rescue support using UAVs equipped with cameras. However, a limitation of cameras is their difficulty in detecting victims who are concealed. To solve this problem, we propose the use of a listening device on UAVs to detect sounds created by humans. This device uses an on-UAV microphone to capture human voices, which often get mixed with the sound of the UAV's propellers. This mixing presents a major challenge in identifying human voices. In this article, we introduce a method to suppress the UAV propeller sound noise from the mix, enhancing the clarity of the human voice. Suppression of UAV sound noise is performed by generating pseudo-UAV sound based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) and reducing the generated pseudo-UAV sound from the sound mixture. By conducting various types of experiments, we confirmed the effectiveness of our proposal. As a result, we established the feasibility of using UAV-based voice processing for victim detection at disaster sites.
Dual-Waveform Combination of Electromagnetic Detection System Based on Small-Loop TEM Method for Shallow Refinement

The small-loop transient electromagnetic (TEM) method has made great contributions to urban underground space detection in recent years due to its small working space. For the problems of single sampling rate and low sampling rate of traditional receivers, a dual sampling rate receiver is designed to record electromagnetic response with high accuracy. In addition, this article employs the passive clamping technique and oscillation absorption technique to realize the falling edge linear fast shutdown of the triangle and trapezoidal wave emission currents and to improve the excitation capability of the shallow target. In order to avoid the saturation of the early response, the primary field intensity of the center point is reduced by a bucking coil. In order to solve the problem of high-precision data interpretation in a shallow layer, this article adopts the method of remaining primary field removal and response splicing to splice the pure secondary field response of triangle wave and trapezoidal wave current waveform and realizes the joint resistivity imaging of electromagnetic data. According to the laboratory test results, the transmitter can output triangle wave and trapezoidal wave with adjustable parameters; the sampling rate of the receiver is 64 and 256 kHz, which can effectively record the electromagnetic response and current waveform. The field experimental results exhibit that the small-loop electromagnetic detection system can effectively measure the shallow anomalies in urban underground space, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the dual-waveform combined small-loop detection system for improving the accuracy of shallow exploration and promoting the development of geophysical refinement detection process.
Stream Sediments and Bleg Analysis by Prospecting of Goldin Alshar (Carlin Type Deposit), Macedonia

During the process of prospecting for gold aggregates in the stream sediments that are adjacent to the ore bodies in the Alshar deposit (Carlin Type), it was established that the content of this metal is much lower in the sediment materials compared with its concentration in the ores. This fact, as well as the high content of Au in the ore bodies and the assumption ofpre~ious researchers for the small size of the gold (about and less than I ILm), enable to conclude that gold aggregates are not concentrated in the stream sediments which are closely located to the ore bodies, but are rather transported along the lower course of the streams. Therefore, the broadly applied methods ofprospecting for gold deposits by analyzing stream sediments should be considered ineffective for the Alshar deposit,· and probably for other deposits of the Carlin Type. The statistic processing (cluster analysis) of the element associations in the stream sediments confinns the presence of a number of typomorphic minerals for the ores, as well as the relation of Au with Sb and Te. This gives good grounds to expect gold tellurides in the deposit ores.
Vertical Space Use and Vegetation Characteristics of Reintroduced Orangutan Activities in the Jantho Nature Reserve

Orangutans are a wild animal species that is threatened with extinction, so the IUCN has designated its conservation status as Critical Endangered and Appendix I in CITES. The Indonesian government has also designated the Sumatran orangutan as a protected animal. Jantho Nature Reserve (JNR) is one of the conservation areas that is used as a place for orangutan reintroduction. This area is also an important habitat for seven other primate animals. On the other hand, reintroduced orangutans are arboreal animals that have become accustomed to the human environment. They do not know the types of trees that source their food, and the predators that endanger them. This will be a threat to the sustainability of reintroduced orangutans in the area. This research is important to carry out because there is still very little information regarding the use of vertical space in the daily movements of reintroduced orangutans, and there is no information about the daily movements of reintroduced orangutans in the JNR area. This research aims to obtain initial data on the daily movement patterns of reintroduced orangutans in utilizing vertical space to obtain food sources. The transect route is a method used to obtain data on the movement of reintroduced orangutans. A total of 5 line transects were used to collect data by following the reintroduced orangutans and recording each canopy height used by the orangutans for activities. The data obtained was made in tabulated form and analyzed descriptively. The research results showed that reintroduced orangutans used vertical space at a height of 1 – 29 m. This height level was different for the four reintroduced orangutans observed. molikha has higher activity at a height of 1 – 10 m. Poni activity is highest at a height of 10 – 19 m. Cut keke and asokha use higher vertical space at a height of 20 -30 m. A total of 34 trees were used as reintroduced orangutans as activity sites, with tree heights of 1 – 30 m and trunk diameters of 1 – 200 cm. Vegetation connectivity is still connected between vegetation.
The cross-level influence of ethical leadership on employee’s OCBE: a two-wave study based on the social identity approach

The importance of organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE) has received increasing attention in recent years because organizations face increasing pressure from environmental deterioration. The purpose of this study is to use social identity theory to construct a cross-level theoretical model of ethical leadership on OCBE, and to explore the cross-level influential mechanisms of ethical leadership on OCBE. Data collection was conducted via a two-wave distribution of leader-employee paired questionnaires in 20 manufacturing companies in China. In the first wave, data about OCBE and team environmental atmosphere were collected from leaders. Subsequently, 2 months later, we conducted the second wave of data collection when data about ethical leadership and leader identity were obtained from their employees. The results showed that at the individual level, ethical leadership has a significant positive impact on employees’ OCBE, and such relationship is partially mediated by employees’ leader identity and positively moderated by team environmental atmosphere across levels. At the team level, ethical leadership has a significant positive impact on employees’ OCBE, and such relationship is completely mediated by team environmental atmosphere. This study investigates the cross-level influential mechanism of ethical leadership on OCBE in China and provides theoretical guidance for enterprises to promote OCBE effectively.
Structure–Function Analysis of the Biotechnologically Important Cytochrome P450 107 (CYP107) Enzyme Family

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs; P450s) are a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes that are recognized for their vast substrate range and oxidative multifunctionality. CYP107 family members perform hydroxylation and epoxidation processes, producing a variety of biotechnologically useful secondary metabolites. Despite their biotechnological importance, a thorough examination of CYP107 protein structures regarding active site cavity dynamics and key amino acids interacting with bound ligands has yet to be undertaken. To address this research knowledge gap, 44 CYP107 crystal structures were investigated in this study. We demonstrate that the CYP107 active site cavity is very flexible, with ligand binding reducing the volume of the active site in some situations and increasing volume size in other instances. Polar interactions between the substrate and active site residues result in crucial salt bridges and the formation of proton shuttling pathways. Hydrophobic interactions, however, anchor the substrate within the active site. The amino acid residues within the binding pocket influence substrate orientation and anchoring, determining the position of the hydroxylation site and hence direct CYP107’s catalytic activity. Additionally, the amino acid dynamics within and around the binding pocket determine CYP107’s multifunctionality. This study serves as a reference for understanding the structure–function analysis of CYP107 family members precisely and the structure–function analysis of P450 enzymes in general. Finally, this work will aid in the genetic engineering of CYP107 enzymes to produce novel molecules of biotechnological interest.
ESTIMATION OF EXPOSURE OF PERSONS IN CALIFORNIA TO PESTICIDE PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN METHIDATHION

5 INTRODUCTION 6 FACTORS DEFINING EXPOSURE SCENARIOS 7 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 7 FORMULATIONS AND USES 8 LABEL PRECAUTIONS 11 CALIFORNIA REQUIREMENTS 12 REPORTED ILLNESSES 13 SIGNIFICANT EXPOSURE SCENARIOS 13 PHARMACOKINETICS 15 DERMAL AND INHALATION ABSORPTION 15 ANIMAL METABOLISM 15 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS 17 AIR 17 WATER 26 DISLODGEABLE FOLIAR RESIDUES 27 OTHER RESIDUES 31 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 31 HANDLERS 33 FIELDWORKERS 41 MITIGATION MEASURES PROPOSED BY U.S.EPA 46 AMBIENT AIR AND BYSTANDER EXPOSURES 47 EXPOSURE APPRAISAL 52 HANDLERS 52 FIELDWORKERS 55 AMBIENT AIR AND BYSTANDER EXPOSURE ESTIMATES 55 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 60 REFERENCES 61 APPENDICES 72
The relationship between gut microbiota and insomnia: a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization research

Introduction Insomnia is the second most common mental health issue, also is a social and financial burden. Insomnia affects the balance between sleep, the immune system, and the central nervous system, which may raise the risk of different systemic disorders. The gut microbiota, referred to as the “second genome,” has the ability to control host homeostasis. It has been discovered that disruption of the gut-brain axis is linked to insomnia. Methods In this study, we conducted MR analysis between large-scale GWAS data of GMs and insomnia to uncover potential associations. Results Ten GM taxa were detected to have causal associations with insomnia. Among them, class Negativicutes, genus Clostridiuminnocuumgroup, genus Dorea, genus Lachnoclostridium, genus Prevotella7, and order Selenomonadalesare were linked to a higher risk of insomnia. In reverse MR analysis, we discovered a causal link between insomnia and six other GM taxa. Conclusion It suggested that the relationship between insomnia and intestinal flora was convoluted. Our findings may offer beneficial biomarkers for disease development and prospective candidate treatment targets for insomnia.
Distributed Practical Finite-Time Formation Control of Quadrotor UAVs Based on Finite-Time Event-Triggered Disturbance Observer

In this article, a finite-time event-triggered disturbance observer (FTETDO) is first designed to handle external disturbance of multiple quadrotor UAVs (QUAVs). The designed FTETDO can effectively reduce update number of observer and the estimation error achieves practical finite-time stability without Zeno behavior. Then a distributed finite-time tracking control strategy is proposed to realize the practical finite-time stability of multiple QUAVs formation. In order to overcome the computational explosion problem, the finite-time filter is employed and the error compensation mechanism is developed to eliminate the influence of filter error on tracking error. Based on the Lyapunov theory, it is proved that the designed control strategy can guarantee practical finite-time stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, simulation is carried out to testify the efficiency of the developed control scheme.
Generic model of subduction erosion

Erosion by high stress abrasion of convergent margins from horsts and grabens on the subducting plate is not shown in seismic images. In a proposed model, the frontal sediment prism is a dynamic mass that elevates pore-fluid pressure. Overpressured fluid invades fractures in the upper plate and separates fragments that are dragged into a subduction channel along the plate interface. Removed fragments are smaller than surface ship seismic techniques have resolved and beyond the reach of past scientific ocean drilling; however, current drill capability and downhole geophysics can test the model.
MCDM-AHP and PROMETHEE methods integrated for base service strategy vendor evaluation and selection

Business competition is very important in controlling product-savvy customers. Strong basic service techniques will be the main factor that binds vendors as the final destination in the supply chain through the strength of business network processes. This research aims to create a strategic basis for evaluating and selecting vendors through the integration process services of the multi-criteria decision-making method analytic hierarchy process (MCDM-AHP) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) methods. Empirical studies show how this approach can provide optimal decision support for the vendor evaluation and selection process. Eight different types of criteria are required in its apps and must be realized as a barometer of the strategic basis for selecting vendors so that business processes are of high quality. These criteria include quality of goods, payment methods, payment terms, minimum transactions, discounts, delivery times, inventory, and service. The optimal weight for each criterion will be determined based on its importance to the synthesis process and its feasibility tested using mathematical algebra matrices and expert choice apps. Decision-making was based on the results of ranking evaluation of selected vendors through the development of 342 preference matrices, ten vendors were deemed worthy of acceptance and nine other vendors were rejected.
Tidal Exchange through a Strait: A Numerical Experiment Using a Simple Model Basin

Abstract In order to investigate the mechanism of tidal exchange through a strait, we numerically track the Lagrangian movement of water particles over a full cycle of the M2 tide. As a result, it is found that the spatially rapid changes of the amplitude and the phase lag of the M2 current in the vicinity of the strait cause the exchange of an extremely large amount of water through the strait. The tidally-induced residual circulation in the vicinity of the strait also plays an important role in the water exchange. The calculated exchange ratio over one tidal cycle is ∼87%, i.e., the greater part of the outer water entering into the inner basin through the strait stays in the inner basin while an equal amount of basin water is drawn out after a cycle of the M2 tide. This fact also suggests that the major part of the water exchange through a strait is generated, not by turbulent diffusion, but by the dynamic process of the tidal current.
The Study of Coordinate-Wise Decomposition Descent Method for Optimization Problems

The aim of this paper is to consider a general non-stationary optimization problem whose objective function need not be smooth in general and only approximation sequences are known instead of exact values of the functions. We apply a two-step technique where approximate solutions of a sequence of a generalized mixed variational inequality problem (GMVIP) are inserted in the iterative method of a selective coordinate-wise decomposition descent method. Its convergence is achieved under coercivity-type assumptions.
Exploring business students’ views of the use of generative AI in assignment writing

The rise of generative AI, particularly over the past few years, has raised notable issues about its use. This has been possibly most pronounced in academia, where there has been strong debate on the potential value of generative AI to augment learning outcomes versus the potential for academic dishonesty and devalued education. Whilst some papers have looked at students’ perspectives on the use of generative AI, there has been less focus exploring through what ethical perspectives or frames students see using generative AI in their tertiary education. We interviewed and conducted focus groups and interviews with students enrolled in an Australian university business school, to explore the ethical frames through which they saw the use of generative AI. Focussing on three specific perspectives: Deontological, Consequentialism and Virtue Ethics, it emerged that no single perspective dominated, with students having a complex mix and latticework of ethical perspectives on its use, even within the same individual. We explore some potential implications for practice that emerged from the data, one of which is the role of the academic as moral exemplar.