Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantal transmission at mossy fibre targets in the CA3 region of the rat hippocampus

Recent anatomical evidence that inhibitory interneurones receive approximately 10 times more synapses from mossy fibres than do principal neurones ( Acsády et al. 1998 ) has led to the re‐examination of the extent to which interneurones are involved in CA3 network excitability. Although many of the anatomical and physiological properties of mossy fibre–CA3 interneurone synapses have been previously described ( Acsády et al. 1998 ; Tóth et al. 2000 ), an investigation into the quantal nature of transmission at this synapse has not yet been conducted. Here, we employed variance–mean (VM) analysis to compare the release probability, quantal size (q) and number of release sites (n) at mossy fibre target neurones in CA3. At six of seven interneurone synapses in which a high concentration of Ca2+ was experimentally imposed, the variance–mean relationship could be approximated by a parabola. Estimates of n were 1–2, and the weighted release probability in normal Ca2+ conditions ranged from 0.34 to 0.51. At pyramidal cell synapses, the variance–mean relationship approximated a linear relationship, suggesting that release probability was significantly lower. The weighted quantal amplitude was similar at interneurone synapses and pyramidal cell synapses, although the variability in quantal amplitude was larger at interneurone synapses. Mossy fibre transmission at CA3 interneurone synapses can be explained by a lower number of release sites, a broader range of release probabilities, and larger range of quantal amplitudes than at CA3 pyramidal synapses. Finally, quantal events on to interneurones elicited spike transmission, owing in part to the more depolarized membrane potential than pyramidal cells. These results suggest that although mossy fibre synapses on to pyramidal cells are associated with a larger number of release sites per synapse, the higher connectivity, higher initial release probability, and larger relative impact per quantum on to CA3 interneurones generate strong feedforward inhibition at physiological firing frequencies of dentate granule cells. Given the central role of CA3 interneurones in mossy fibre synaptic transmission, these details of mossy fibre synaptic transmission should provide insight into CA3 network dynamics under both physiological and pathophysiological circumstances.
Exploring the Role of Accelerometers in the Measurement of Real World Upper-Limb Use After Stroke

The ultimate goal of upper-limb rehabilitation after stroke is to promote real-world use, that is, use of the paretic upper-limb in everyday activities outside the clinic or laboratory. Although real-world use can be collected through self-report questionnaires, an objective indicator is preferred. Accelerometers are a promising tool. The current paper aims to explore the feasibility of accelerometers to measure upper-limb use after stroke and discuss the translation of this measurement tool into clinical practice. Accelerometers are non-invasive, wearable sensors that measure movement in arbitrary units called activity counts. Research to date indicates that activity counts are a reliable and valid index of upper-limb use. While most accelerometers are unable to distinguish between the type and quality of movements performed, recent advancements have used accelerometry data to produce clinically meaningful information for clinicians, patients, family and care givers. Despite this, widespread uptake in research and clinical environments remains limited. If uptake was enhanced, we could build a deeper understanding of how people with stroke use their arm in real-world environments. In order to facilitate greater uptake, however, there is a need for greater consistency in protocol development, accelerometer application and data interpretation.
Cutaneous alternariosis due to Alternaria chlamydospora after bone marrow transplantation.

In June 1994, a 33-year-old man was diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. In November 1995, he underwent an allogeneic BMT from an unrelated donor. Three months later, a slightly itchy erythematous papule appeared on his left leg. During the following days, 2 similar lesions developed on his left thigh and right arm (Fig. 1). The lesions increased a little in size and the centre of the lesions became necrotic and ulcerated. A biopsy specimen was obtained from the left leg and showed epidermal hyperplasia with discrete parakeratosis. In the reticular dermis a mixed acute and chronic interstitial, in£ammatory in¢ltrate was observed with several foci of necrosis. These areas of necrosis contained multiple branching septate hyphae, which formed acute angles, and multiple round and oval spores, both of which stained heavily with periodic acid-Schi¡ (PAS) and Gomori-Grocott stain. Some of the fungal elements invaded the vessel walls. In the subcutaneous tissue several foci of ¢brosis with similar fungal structures were present. A biopsy culture was performed on Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol and was identi¢ed as A. chlamydospora (colonies growing rapidly, olivaceous-black, £u¡y conidiophores up to 150 mm long, 3 ^ 6 mm wide, pale brown). No alterations were found on the rays of the chest and paranasal sinuses. The patient was treated intravenously with amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 4 days, followed by a lipidic complex of amphotericin B (Abelcet1) for another 18 days at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day, with complete resolution of the lesions.
Effective Antireflection and Surface Passivation of Silicon Using a SiO2/a-T iOx Film Stack

This paper reports an effective and industrially relevant passivation and antireflection film stack featuring a 10 nm silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) film followed by a ≍65 nm amorphous titanium oxide (a-TiO<italic><sub>x </sub></italic>) film. This film stack has equivalent optical performance to a single-layer silicon nitride (SiN<italic> <sub>x</sub></italic>) antireflection coating (ARC) for unencapsulated cells, and slightly better performance for encapsulated cells (≍0.2 mA⋅cm<sup>–2</sup> increase). The field effect passivation properties of the SiO<sub>2</sub>/a-TiO<italic><sub>x</sub></italic> film stack have been modified extrinsically after the film deposition to demonstrate surface recombination velocities below 1.2 cm/s in a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{1}\;{\rm{\Omega }} \cdot {\text{cm}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> n-type silicon wafer. Finally, the TiO<italic><sub>x</sub></italic> films have been deposited using an inline atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) system at temperatures below 350 °C, thus demonstrating this film stack offers both better passivation and optical performance, as well as a potentially lower manufacturing cost compared to SiN <italic><sub>x</sub></italic>, due to the use of APCVD rather than plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Simulations indicate further gains in terms of optical performance (≍0.3 mA⋅cm<sup>–2</sup> increase compared to SiN<italic><sub>x</sub></italic>—encapsulated case) may be possible using a double-layer ARC featuring a polycrystalline TiO<italic><sub>x</sub></italic> film followed by an aluminum oxide (AlO<italic><sub>x </sub></italic>). However, potential contamination from the APCVD may pose a risk to maintaining high bulk carrier lifetimes.
A Hierarchical Comparison on Influence Paths from Cognitive & Emotional Trust to Proactive Behavior Between China and Japan

Little research examined how and why cognitive and emotional trust in supervisor influence employees’ proactive behavior (PB). The following findings were obtained by applying a hierarchical cross-national comparison framework on influence path to Chinese and Japanese samples: 1) the confirmatory cross-national comparisons on higher-order level pathways confirmed that in both China and Japan, the influence of cognitive trust on PB is mediated by prospects of performance and growth, and the influence of emotional trust on PB is mediated by warmth and happiness; 2) the exploratory crossnational comparison on lower-order level pathways revealed that the detailed structures of the two pathways were not much different between China and Japan, except in the depending willingness dimension of emotional trust; 3) finally, by comparing the findings of 1) and 2), we attempted to distinguish the inevitable parts and cultural peculiar parts within the two pathway. Keywords—proactive behavior; cognitive & emotioal trust; prospects of performance & growth; warmth & happiness; influence path
CNTF Mediates Neurotrophic Factor Secretion and Fluid Absorption in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) protects photoreceptors and regulates their phototransduction machinery, but little is known about CNTF's effects on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) physiology. Therefore, we determined the expression and localization of CNTF receptors and the physiological consequence of their activation in primary cultures of human fetal RPE (hfRPE). Cultured hfRPE express CNTF, CT1, and OsM and their receptors, including CNTFRα, LIFRβ, gp130, and OsMRβ, all localized mainly at the apical membrane. Exogenous CNTF, CT1, or OsM induces STAT3 phosphorylation, and OsM also induces the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (p44/42 MAP kinase). CNTF increases RPE survivability, but not rates of phagocytosis. CNTF increases secretion of NT3 to the apical bath and decreases that of VEGF, IL8, and TGFβ2. It also significantly increases fluid absorption (J V) across intact monolayers of hfRPE by activating CFTR chloride channels at the basolateral membrane. CNTF induces profound changes in RPE cell biology, biochemistry, and physiology, including the increase in cell survival, polarized secretion of cytokines/neurotrophic factors, and the increase in steady-state fluid absorption mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. In vivo, these changes, taken together, could serve to regulate the microenvironment around the distal retinal/RPE/Bruch's membrane complex and provide protection against neurodegenerative disease.
The Child's Conception of 'A Word'

EXAMINES preschool, kindergarten, and first grade children's conceptual understanding of what constitutes a spoken English word. Children were presented with examples of 8 classes of auditory stimuli to which they responded "yes" if they thought each was a single word and "no" if they did not. Certain age trends were noted with respect to the number of correct responses to each class of stimuli and to the number of children demonstrating concept attainment within each stimulus class. All of the children, regardless of age, confused isolated phonemes and syllables with spoken words. All of the children were also able to recognize that nonverbal sounds which were not identifiable were not words. Chil-
ViGOR: a grouping oriented interface for search and retrieval in video libraries

In this paper, we present ViGOR (Video Grouping, Organisation and Retrieval) a video retrieval system that allows users to group videos in order to facilitate video retrieval tasks. In this way users are able to visualise and conceptualise many aspects of their search tasks and carry out a localised search in order to solve a more global search problem. The main objective of this work is to aid users while carrying out explorative video retrieval tasks; these tasks can be often ambiguous and multi-faceted. Two user evaluations were carried out in order to evaluate the usefulness of this grouping paradigm for assisting users. The first evaluation involved users carrying out broad tasks on YouTube, and gave insights into the application of our interface to a vast online video collection. The second evaluation involved users carrying out focused tasks on the TRECVID 2007 video collection, allowing a comparison over a local collection, on which we could extract a number of content-based features. The results of our evaluations show that the use of the ViGOR system results in an increase in user performance and user satisfaction, showing the potential of a grouping paradigm for video search for various tasks in a variety of diverse video collections.
Amnesia for loss of consciousness is common in vasovagal syncope.

AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amnesia for loss of consciousness (A-LOC) in those who have a history suggestive of vasovagal syncope (VVS) and who develop syncope on head-up tilt (HUT) table testing. Furthermore, we wished to determine if A-LOC is an age-dependent phenomenon in VVS and whether haemodynamic parameters on tilting can predict for A-LOC. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were recruited in a dedicated syncope unit and underwent neurocardiovascular evaluation as indicated under European Society of Cardiology guidelines to illicit a diagnosis of VVS. A set protocol of questioning occurred following induced syncope to determine the presence of A-LOC. The prevalence of A-LOC following syncope on tilting was 28% (44/159). Forty-two per cent of those≥60 years of age vs. 20%<60 years of age experienced amnesia post-induced syncope (P=0.003). However, regression analysis did not show age to be an independent predictor for A-LOC. Blood pressure change between those without amnesia and those with amnesia showed no significant difference (P=0.687). There was a significant difference in heart rate response; those experiencing amnesia had reduced bradycardic response on HUT compared with those without amnesia (P=0.001). CONCLUSION Amnesia for loss of consciousness is common in VVS. Although more prevalent, it is not unique to older age-groups. Absence of syncope associated bradycardia during HUT testing predicts for A-LOC.
A comparison of scavenging abilities of antioxidants against hydroxyl radicals.

The reactivities of various antioxidative compounds including catechol derivatives and endogenous radical scavengers toward hydroxyl radical (.OH) were investigated by an electron spin resonance-spin trapping method, thiobarbituric acid method, and DNA strand scission assay. Hydroxyl radical was generated by both the reaction of Cu(II) complex with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ultraviolet (uv) photolysis of H2O2. At physiological pH, catechol derivatives such as protocatechuic acid and catechin greatly suppressed the DNA strand scission by . OH produced from the reaction of Cu(en)2 with H2O2, whereas ascorbic acid and acetylcysteine accelerated DNA strand scission. The former case is due to the chelation of catechol derivatives to Cu(II) ion, forming of Cu(II) complexes being unable to react with H2O2, and the latter case is due to the acceleration of the reduction rate of Cu(II) to Cu(I). On the other hand, all compounds used here suppressed the DNA strand scission by . OH produced from uv photolysis of H2O2. The differences of the reactivities between the reaction system of Cu(en)2-H2O2 and the uv photolysis of H2O2 have been discussed.
Combined radioimmunotherapy and radiotherapy of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND A combination of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) and radiotherapy (RT) should allow one to increase the dose of radiation targeting a particular tumour without the concomitant increase of toxic side effects. This might be obtained if the dose limiting side effect of each individual radiation therapy concerned different organs. METHODS Six patients with limited liver metastatic disease from colorectal cancer were treated with 6.9 GBq (range 4.7 to 8.4 GBq) 131I-labelled anti-CEA MAb F(ab')2 fragments combined with 20 Gy RT to the liver. Both treatments were given in close association, according to timing schedules evaluated in animals that gave the best results. RESULTS Reversible bone marrow and liver toxicity was observed in 6 and 5 patients, respectively. Three patients who first received 20 Gy RT to the liver, showed a significant platelet drop upon completion of RT. Repeat computerized tomography (CT) after 2 months showed a minor response in 1 patient and stable disease in 3 patients. CONCLUSION The study shows potential ways of combining RIT and RT, suggesting that this combination is feasible for the treatment of liver metastases.
Rotational Invariant Wood Species Recognition through Wood Species Verification

An automated wood species recognition system using computer vision techniques is not widely used today, it is highly needed in various industries, but a wood identification expert is not easily trained to meet the market demand. This paper proposes a rotational invariant method using the grey level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) as the features, an energy value representing the similarity between the test sample and the template is computed to decide whether the test sample is the same species as the template. A template is accepted when the energy is lower than the threshold value. The species with the highest number of accepted templates will be regarded as the recognition result. The experiment is conducted on six wood species of the CAIRO dataset with a total of 450 training samples and 60 testing samples and achieved a result of 80.00%.
Enhancing the Performance of AODV in MANETs using Fuzzy logic

---A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a selfconfiguring, infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected without wires. Most of the routing protocols used for MANETs, such as Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol considers minimum hop count as the metric for routing which leads to maximum delay and this in turn leads to congestion. So, in this paper, an attempt has been made to minimize the delay and thus congestion is minimized. Thus, performance of the existing AODV routing protocol is enhanced by incorporating the Fuzzy logic into the original AODV protocol. This is made possible by considering both hop count and network size as the input metrics. Thus, QoS metrics are improved using the proposed system. Our simulation is carried out using OPNET simulator and the results show that the proposed system performs better than the original AODV in terms of average end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. Keywords---MANETs, AODV, QoS (Quality of Service), Fuzzy based inference System.
Sirocco: cost-effective fine-grain distributed shared memory

Software fine-grain distributed shared memory (FGDSM) provides a simplified shared-memory programming interface with minimal or no hardware support. Originally software FGDSMs targeted uniprocessor-node parallel machines. This paper presents Sirocco, a family of software FGDSMs implemented on a network of low-cost SMPs. Sirocco takes full advantage of SMP nodes by implementing inter-node sharing directly in hardware and overlapping computation with protocol execution. To maintain correct shared-memory semantics, however SMP nodes require mechanisms to guarantee atomic coherence operations. Multiple SMP processors may also result in contention for shared resources and reduce performance. SMP nodes also impact the cost trade-off. While SMPs typically charge higher price-premiums, for a given system size SMP nodes substantially reduce networking hardware requirement as compared to uniprocessor nodes. In this paper, we ask the question "Are SMPs cost-effective building blocks for software FGDSM? " We present experimental measurements on Sirocco implementations ranging from an all-software system to a system with minimal hardware support. Together with simple cost models we show that low-cost SMP nodes: (i) result in competitive performance with uniprocessor nodes, (ii) substantially reduce hardware requirement and are more cost-effective than uniprocessor nodes, (iii) significantly benefit from hardware support for coherence operations, and (iv) are especially beneficial for FGDSMs with high-overhead coherence operations.
Face Recognition Based on Projected Color Space With Lighting Compensation

In this letter, we propose a novel color space conversion method called adaptive projection color space (APCS). This method includes two portions: adaptive singular value decomposition and an inner product conversion algorithm for color images. We employed images from the Color FERET and CMU-PIE databases for training and experiment. The results revealed that the recognition rates from our proposed APCS approach were higher than other color spaces and those of methods proposed in relevant studies.
Polymorphisms of the Androgen Receptor Gene and the Estrogen Receptor β Gene Are Associated with Androgen Levels in Women1

To elucidate the possible role of genetic variation in androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), and ERβ on serum androgen levels in premenopausal women, the CAG repeat polymorphism of the AR gene, the TA repeat polymorphism of the ERα gene, and the CA repeat polymorphism of the ERβ gene were studied in a population-based cohort of 270 women. Total testosterone, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 3α-androstanediol glucuronide, 17β-estradiol, LH, FSH, and sex steroid hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in serum samples obtained in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Women with relatively few CAG repeats in the AR gene, resulting in higher transcriptional activity of the receptor, displayed higher levels of serum androgens, but lower levels of LH, than women with longer CAG repeat sequences. The CA repeat of the ERβ gene also was associated with androgen and SHBG levels; women with relatively short repeat regions hence disp.
Positive Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer in a Coronary Care Unit Population

The therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer (IP) to the Judeo-Christian God, one of the oldest forms of therapy, has had little attention in the medical literature. To evaluate the effects of IP in a coronary care unit (CCU) population, a prospective randomized double-blind protocol was followed. Over ten months, 393 patients admitted to the CCU were randomized, after signing informed consent, to an intercessory prayer group (192 patients) or to a control group (201 patients). While hospitalized, the first group received IP by participating Christians praying outside the hospital; the control group did not. At entry, chi-square and stepwise logistic analysis revealed no statistical difference between the groups. After entry, all patients had follow-up for the remainder of the admission. The IP group subsequently had a significantly lower severity score based on the hospital course after entry (P<.01). Multivariant analysis separated the groups on the basis of the outcome variables (P<.0001). The control patients required ventilatory assistance, antibiotics, and diuretics more frequently than patients in the IP group. These data suggest that intercessory prayer to the Judeo-Christian God has a beneficial therapeutic effect in patients admitted to a CCU.
LTLf and LDLf Synthesis under Partial Observability

In this paper, we study synthesis under partial observability for logical specifications over finite traces expressed in LTLf/LDLf. This form of synthesis can be seen as a generalization of planning under partial observability in nondeterministic domains, which is known to be 2EXPTIME-complete. We start by showing that the usual "belief-state construction" used in planning under partial observability works also for general LTLf/LDLf synthesis, though with a jump in computational complexity from 2EXPTIME to 3EXPTIME. Then we show that the belief-state construction can be avoided in favor of a direct automata construction which exploits projection to hide unobservable propositions. This allow us to prove that the problem remains 2EXPTIME-complete. The new synthesis technique proposed is effective and readily implementable.