Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Fractional Open Circuit Voltage Method for Maximum Power Point Tracking in a Photovoltaic Panel

The output power of a Photovoltaic (PV) panel changes with solar insolation and temperature. Also the P-V (Power-Voltage) and I-V (Current-Voltage) characteristics of a PV cell is highly non-linear. Hence the maximum output power from the PV panel is achieved at a particular voltage (VMPP) and current (IMPP). To improve the overall efficiency, it is important to keep the PV panel to work at Maximum Power Point (MPP). This paper presents an Adaptive Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (AFOCV) method to track the MPP. It does not require the PV panel characteristics to be known in advance. In the proposed circuit, the fraction (k) is estimated adaptively i.e. k is estimated once and then used for a certain period of time to determine the MPP. Again after sometime a new k (that might change due to change in solar insolation) is estimated. In the proposed circuit, for different values of k the output power from the PV panel is calculated and the power levels at two consecutive points on the PV panel is compared. When the MPP is reached that value of k is locked in the fractional voltage generator block and all other blocks are turned off so as to reduce the power consumption. The proposed circuit is designed in a 180 nm CMOS process
Familial Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with Acquired Pelger-Huët Anomaly and Aneuploidy of C Group

All five members of one generation in an Icelandic family were affected by acute myeloid leukaemia or preleukaemia. Two sibs died of acute myeloid leukaemia and another of myelofibrosis associated with leukaemic changes. The other two sibs are alive; one of them (the propositus) has haematological features consistent with preleukaemia; both of them have evidence of an abnormal cytogenetic clone in the bone marrow with 47 chromosomes, an extra chromosome in the C group. The finding of the acquired Pelger-Huët anomaly in the neutrophils of the five affected sibs suggests that a specific genetic cell defect has been transmitted with autosomal dominant characteristics. The presence of immunological deficiencies and an undue susceptibility to oncogenic viruses, as suggested by warts affecting three family members, may have played a part in the pathogenesis of the leukaemic process.
A Mismatch Resilient 16-Bit 20 MS/s Pipelined ADC

In various imaging applications with relaxed Integrated Non-Linearity (INL) requirements, the Commutated Feedback Capacitor Switching (CFCS) technique enables scaling down the sampling capacitors to the thermal limits. The 3.5-bit MDAC architecture combined with CFCS has been envisaged to provide high linearity with power requirement needed for high resolution space imaging applications. In this work, we have discussed various design challenges involved in the design and implementation of the 3.5-bit MDAC with MCS-CFCS architecture. We have proposed various techniques that helps to overcome the linearity constraints at the sub-module, module and chip level. We have designed a 5mm×5mm prototype ADC which consumes 240mW of power (when designed using 1P6M UMC 0.18µm CMOS process). Our design achieves an ENOB of 15.4 bits and FoM of 289 fJ/conversion step. Various design challenges faced during the implementation of the ADC and techniques to overcome them are discussed in details.
Classification of Brain Tumor using PCA-RF in MR Neurological Images

Brain tumour identification is a very crucial step that is required to diagnose and identify the degree of severity. The identification of tumor and classification helps the radiologist to diagnose properly and treat in according with that. Therefore, this paper presents a multi-class brain tumor classification in MR neurological images using random forest (RF) classifier with three different approaches. In the proposed approach, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), shape and local binary pattern (LBP) features are computed and further principal component analysis (PCA) is used for dimensionality reduction of the computed feature vector. All the features are extracted into the small patches having size of 3 ×3 in a local window. Several experiments are performed on a brain tumor dataset having 3064 T1-weighted contrast-enhanced images and comparative analysis of RF, RF-PCA and RF-PCA with random selection is presented. The experiment results show that RF-PCA with random selection performs better than the other approaches with a testing and validation accuracy of 88.72% and 85. 56%.
Continuous Transparent Mobile Device Touchscreen Soft Keyboard Biometric Authentication

Mobile banking, shopping, and in-app purchases utilize persistent authentication states for access to sensitive data. One-shot authentication permits access for a fixed time period. For instance, a [user name, password] based authentication allows a user access to all the shopping and payments data in the Amazon shopping app. Traditional user passwords and lock screens are easily compromised. Snooping attacks – observing an unsuspecting user entering passwords – and Smudge attacks – examining touchscreen finger oil residue – enable compromised user authentication. Mobile device interactions provide robust human and device identity data. Such biometrics enhance authentication. Behavioral attributes during information input constitute the password. Adversary password reproduction difficulty increases since pure observation is insufficient. Current mobile continuous authentication schemes use, among others, touchscreen swipe interactions or keyboard input timing. Many of these methods require cumbersome training or intrusive authentication. Software keyboard interactions provide a consistent biometric data stream. We develop biometric profiles using touch pressure, location, and timing. New interactions authenticate against a profile using a distance metric. Classification achieves 100% accuracy in 3840.33 milliseconds on Nexus 7 tablets.
A Physics-Driven Deep Learning Network for Subsurface Inversion

Subsurface inversion is an essential technique for many applications including seismic processing, oilfield well logging an geosteering. Conventional inverse methods based on optimization are time-consuming and sensitive to initial values. The traditional lookup table approach which is limited by the table size could reduce the computational time but only achieves low accuracy. To solve these issues, we propose a physics-driven Deep Neural Network (PhDNN) for solving non-linear inverse problems. In this framework, the physical forward model is utilized to produce a data misfit. Both the model misfit and data misfit are used to train the network. As an example, we use this framework to solve a geosteering problem which enables the drilling direction adjusted by collected resistivity well logging measurements. Numerical tests indicate that the proposed network could improve the quality of the prediction significantly.
Endothelin and Sarafotoxin Produce Dissimilar Effects on Renal Blood Flow, But Both Block the Antidiuretic Effects of Vasopressin 1

Human endothelin, a 21-residue peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, was infused intravenously into trained conscious dogs at a rate of 20 ng'kg^^min"1 for 1 hr. Endothelin produced a renal vasoconstriction that persisted during a 40-minute recovery period. Sarafotoxin S6b, a closely related 21-residue peptide that has been isolated from the venom of the burrowing asp, was also infused into the same conscious dogs at 20 ng^kg'-^min"1. Sarafotoxin produced a renal vasodilation that persisted throughout the infusion; when the infusion ended, however, renal blood flow decreased rapidly to below control levels. Both endothelin and sarafotoxin produced marked decreases in urine osmolality even though plasma vasopressin remained normal, thus indicating that these peptides inhibit the antidiuretic effects of vasopressin. These results imply that a broad spectrum of structure-activity relationships may exist among analogues of this unique group of 21-residue peptides.
Secured and Energy Efficient Data Transmission in SDN-VANETs

Subclass of MANETs is the VANETs (Vehicular Adhoc Networks) which leads to the provision of remote communication among vehicles and the roadside equipment. A lot of researches are going on VANETs in the recent years. Both the commercial and industry consists of VANETS applications. Deployment of VANET architecture will lead to the provision of several services but due to less scalability, flexibility and poor conductivity several challenges have been faced in both the deployment and management of VANET architecture. Introduction to the new emerging technologies such as fog computing, 5G services and software-defined networking have solved several issues faced in VANETs thereby enhancing its capabilities. In VANETs there is a frequent change in the topology as well as the communication channels are unstable due to the rapid movement of vehicular nodes. Hence, efficiency is one of the major requirements. Motivated by the several challenges described above we proposed an energy-saving routing algorithm which uses various technologies such as Software-defined networking, 5G services and fog computing. The proposed algorithm saves the amount of energy consumed as well as satisfy the all the network traffic demand. Security is another principle objective which is to be satisfied. Due to the exchange of several information among the vehicles, security have become a major challenge. We have implemented the RSA encryption in our proposed model to securely transmit the data. Various simulation-based experiments are conducted to prove the efficiency of the proposed model.
Research and Development of Communication Interface Based on OPC Technology

In the traditional and closed data acquisition monitoring system, information sharing between lower computer parameter acquisition device and upper computer system software is implemented by the driver. However, the internal drivers of the upper system are defined by different software developers. In this case, the hardware developers can not satisfy all the drivers. As a standard and open industrial interface, OPC technology has broken the limitations of traditional and closed data acquisition and monitoring system. In this paper, it introduces a communication interface based on OPC technology. This communication interface can not only meet the data acquisition of one or more parameter acquisition devices, but also interoperate the data in the way of OPC Server and the configuration software of the upper computer. In this way, it can improve the flexibility of the entire monitoring system. Meanwhile, multitask control switching is completed by thread pool. It ensures that each function does not interfere with each other, but also reduces the CPU occupancy rate of the entire communication interface, and ensures the stability of the communication interface.
Mathematical Description of the Correctness of Transmission Numerical Codes for Gaussian Channels in the Rough Segregation of Energy

Reviewed by the decision optimization problem, minimizing dispersion of errors receive numerical codes in the conditions of the Gaussian fluctuation noise. Formulas to assess the functions likelihood and dispersion errors in different ways signal/noise provided for the position significant bits of numbers. Investigated the opportunity to improve the accuracy at the expense of different distribution vectors amplitude coefficients for each of the transferred numbers. Given an explanation of physical nature of the phenomenon, leading to the differentiation of mean square error recovery numbers of natural a number of transmitted in the same conditions.
Diffusion-related implications for langasite resonator operation

Oxygen and gallium diffusiveness in langasite were experimentally determined by analysis of diffusion profiles of /sup 18/O and /sup 71/Ga tracers by SIMS analysis as functions of temperature and doping. Strontium-enhanced diffusiveness and activation energies of /spl sim/1.2/spl plusmn/ 0.2 eV confirm the predominant role of oxygen vacancies in controlling the electrical conductivity of langasite at elevated temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The potential impact of high levels of porosity and the use of an oxygen primary ion beam on the accuracy of some of the data is discussed. The gallium diffusivity, with activation energy of 3.13 eV, was found to be more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of oxygen. Surface exchange measurements enabled estimation of gallium loss at elevated temperatures and oxygen partial pressure; the level is not believed to be of major concern for resonator performance.
BeShort : um algoritmo para encurtamento de URLs.

Microblogs like Twitter are social systems designed to allow users to post messages containing no more than 140 characters. With the wide use of short messages on the Web, the useof URL shorteners are increasingly becoming popular. These systems translate a shortened URL into a new URL, typically with few characters, and redirect requests that target the shortened version of the URL to the original long URL. Although extremely e cient, the centralized architecture of such services can introduce delays to users and have been widely used as a way to obfuscate spam, phishing and malware. This paper presents BeShort, a distributed approach for shortening URLs able to avoid such problems. Our approach consists of replacing frequently terms (e.g. "www" e "http:") for UTF-8 characters that are usually not used in URLs. To test BeShort we built a dataset containing 50 million URLs of two popular URL shortening services. Our results show that the BeShort obtains compression rates as e cient as the rates obtained by existent approaches.
Containment Control of Multi-Agent Systems With General Noise Based on Hierarchical Topology Reconfiguration

In this paper, the containment control problem of the second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with general noise over directed topology is investigated. General noise, which may be the mixture of colored and white noise, is introduced to model the perturbation of MASs. Since constructing an anti-perturbed distributed controller for concerned MASs is difficult, we attend to use the perturbation tolerant character of the convex hull spanned by multiple leaders in the containment control problems of MASs. To this end, the hierarchical topology structure of MASs is used, which can largely reduce the communication loads and computational complexity. It is shown that the MASs are noise-to-state stable and the state of the MASs has an asymptotic gain in the mean square based on random differential equations (RDEs) theorem framework. Moreover, the relative hierarchical topology reconfiguration algorithm is given based on which the system can withstand stronger noise and all followers gradually converge to the convex hull formed by the leaders of the respective level. Finally, the numerical simulation is carried out to substantiate the feasibility of the proposed control theory.
Investigation of the Dynamic Response of Erbium Fiber Lasers With Potential Application for Sensors

We derive a theoretical description of the transient response for erbium fiber ring lasers, which includes the effects of amplified spontaneous emission and the large number of longitudinal modes that are present in large cavities. Based on these modified rate equations, the full transient period is simulated and compared with experimental measurements performed at 1560 nm, showing reasonable agreement with theory. Approximate analytical relations are also derived for the key characteristics of the laser response, including steady-state and transient parameters such as build-up time, frequency, and the decay constant of relaxation oscillations. The results are useful in the measurement of fiber laser parameters and in the design of novel fiber laser sensors, such as intracavity laser absorption sensors based on spectral narrowing during the transient period of power build-up in a laser cavity.
An adaptive threshold energy detection mechanism using GNU Radio on USRP

Cognitive Radio (CR) effectively addresses the under-utilization of spectrum in the wireless environment. Energy Detection (ED), a spectrum sensing mechanism, plays a vital role in identifying the spectrum holes. However, the ED performance and the static threshold are negatively affected by uncertainty in the noise power. In this paper, we propose an adaptive ED mechanism using dynamic threshold detection. The mechanism calculating the estimated noise power from the received random samples. This calculation is iterated for minimizing the false alarm rate and maximizing the detection rate of the Primary User (PU) signal. The proposed model is implemented using ISM 2.4GHz frequency bands in USRP NI-2932 and GNU radio processing blocks. In our results, the sensing errors are minimized, and the sensitivity of ED is also improved by mitigating the adverse effects of the noise.
Extended Virtual Inertia Control Design for Power System Frequency Regulation

According to the growing share of renewable energy and power electronic interfaces in power systems, the inertia/damping of power systems are critically decreased, which introduce the new stability issues, leading to system instability and power failures. Confronted with this problem, this research proposes an extended design of virtual inertia control based on a practical system to emulate inertia and damping properties simultaneously, improving system frequency stability and performance. The proposed control loop uses the derivative control technique, which creates a second-order characteristic, enabling higher-level application of inertia and damping into the system. The results show that the stabilizing effect of the presented technique is superior to the conventional virtual inertia control under different test scenarios including the reduction of system inertia and damping, load changes, and change in RESs penetration.
Reducing False Positives Based on Time Sequence Analysis

Various IDS devices produce large number of alert, the majority of which are false positives. It is laborious for the security officers to find real intrusions. To find intrusions in real time, we should first remove false positives in the alerts. According to the experience of IDS alerts analysis, we find that there are some regularities in alert flow occurrence: power law, trend, periodicity. Based on these statistical regularities, we can operate it based on time sequence effectively. The results of real world data analysis demonstrate that the method can reduce massive false positives in real time effectively.
Antifungal and anticancer effects of a polysaccharide-protein complex from the gut bacterium Raoultella ornithinolytica isolated from the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta.

The polysaccharide-protein complex (PPC) isolated from metabolites of gut bacteria Raoultella ornithinolytica from Dendrobaena veneta earthworms exhibits activity against Candida albicans, in breast ductal carcinoma (line T47D) and in the endometrioid ovarian cancer line (TOV-112D) in vitro. The action against C. albicans was analyzed using light, SEM, TEM, and AFM microscopes. The changes observed indicated two directions of the action of the complex, that is, disturbance of metabolic activity and cell wall damage. The PPC is an adhesion-promoting complex inducing death of C. albicans cells by necrosis. Owing to its significant effect on C. albicans, the complex is a promising source of antifungal compounds. The PPC showed a minimal cytotoxic effect against human skin fibroblasts; however, the cytotoxicity against the T47D line was determined at 20% and 15% against the TOV-112D line. The action of the PPC against the T47D line exerted a cytopathic effect, whereas in the TOV-112D line, it caused a reduction in the cell number. The PPC induced death of tumor cells by apoptosis and necrosis. In view of the negligible cytotoxicity on fibroblasts, the PPC will be subjected to chemical modifications to increase its antitumor activity for prospective medical applications.
Surgery in Malawi – the training of clinical officers

Doctors are scarce in Malawi and, therefore, a considerable amount of work is carried out by paramedical clinical officers (COs). Although their training is limited, they take care of the majority of patients in the country. The CO project started in the Southern region of Malawi in 2005 in order to improve the number of surgical and gynaecological operations and skills of COs. Nine district hospitals and eight Christian Health Organisation of Malawi (CHAM) hospitals were visited and all surgical registers from 2004 and 2007 were analysed and COs were interviewed. The interviewed COs felt at ease when performing operations; in 2004 they performed 61% and in 2007 87% of the surgical and gynaecological procedures itemised in the questionnaire. In 2004 a total of 18,524 operations were registered in the 17 hospitals in the Southern region of Malawi and there were 19,644 in 2007. Certified COs performed significantly more surgical than gynaecological operations. In 2004, 8.4% of their performed operations consisted of major surgical operations and 17.7% in 2007. A two-year postgraduate training in surgery is being developed for them but, in the meantime, it will be necessary to ensure a continuation of the CO project in the central and northern regions of Malawi.
A Power Efficient Adaptive Data Rate Algorithm for LoRaWAN networks

LoRaWAN networks have recently started to play a key role in the framework of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for Internet of Things. In Internet of Things a crucial aspect is the reduction of energy consumption and in LPWAN, where there is a huge number of devices with limited power capabilities spread around a wide area, this becomes an even more challenging problem. To deal with the trade off between Data Rate and Transmission Power and transmit the largest possible amount of information with the minimum possible waste of power, the LoRaWAN infrastructure shall implement an Adaptive Data Rate algorithm. This paper is describing and evaluating the main reference algorithm for the Adaptive Data Rate. A novel algorithm is proposed and evaluated via computer simulations. A comparison between the two algorithms is carried out, showing that the proposed new algorithm is superior in terms of power consumption.
Phased Array Approach for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication in Train Stations

This work introduces a new all-in-one system for train-to-infrastructure communication. With respect to typical train conditions a four part concept was developed for the sending/receiving module with focus on beam steering. Together with the simulative safeguarding of this idea, the system was also evaluated in the laboratory. It consists of an antenna array, an expansion board, an evaluation board with microcontroller and Wi-Fi chip for signal generation and one board for power division and beam steering. Moreover, the problem of the latency and inaccuracy of beam steering by received signal strength will be treated and optimization steps in the algorithm will be presented. This development has contributed to a reduction of the synchronization time from 40 to one second. First measurements show the advantages and the challenges of the design approach and let guess the potential in case of industrialization.