Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximum likelihood estimation in the logistic regression model with a cure fraction

Let (Y1, S1,X1,Z1), . , (Yn, Sn,Xn,Zn) be independent and identically distributed copies of the random vector (Y, S,X,Z) defined on the probability space (Ω,A,P). For every individual i = 1, . , n, Yi is a binary response variable indicating say, the infection status with respect to some disease (that is, Yi = 1 if the i-th individual is infected, and Yi = 0 otherwise), Si is a binary variable indicating whether individual i is susceptible to the infection (Si = 1) or immune (Si = 0), and Xi = (1, Xi2, . . . , Xip) and Zi = (1, Zi2, . . . , Ziq) are corresponding random vectors of predictors, or covariates (both categorical and continuous predictors are allowed). We shall assume in the following that the predictors Xi are related to the infection status, while the predictors Zi are related to immunity. Xi and Zi are allowed to share some common components. As mentioned above, we consider the situation where the immunity status is unknown for an individual who has not yet developed infection at the time of analysis. That is, if Y = 0 for individual i, then the value of Si is unknown. This individual may be either immune to the infection (Si = 0), or susceptible to the infection albeit still uninfected (Si = 1). The logistic regression model for the infection status assumes that the conditional probability P(Y = 1|Xi, Si) of infection is given by
Complications from Surgeries Related to Ovarian Cancer Complications from Surgeries Related to Ovarian Cancer Screening Screening

: The aim of this study was to evaluate complications of surgical intervention for participants in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program and compare results to those of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. A retrospective database review included 657 patients who underwent surgery for a positive screen in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program from 1988–2014. Data were abstracted from operative reports, discharge summaries
Surface stress induces a conserved cell wall stress response in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Motor imagery in spinal cord injury patients: moving makes the difference.

Both real action control and execution and motor imagery abilities require knowledge of the spatial location of body parts, in other words efference copy information and feedbacks from the sensory system (Frith et al., 2000, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., 355, 1771). Spinal cord injuries induce severe motor disability, due to a damage of the descending motor pathways (Cramer et al., 2007, Exp. Brain. Res., 177, 233). Patients' motor imagery competences are variably reported as either normal or defective (Decety & Boisson, 1990, Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 240, 39; Lacourse et al., 1999, Behav. Brain Sci., 104, 73). We explored biomechanical constraint effects in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients, as they are considered the most reliable indexes of motor imagery abilities (Parsons, 1987b, Cogn. Psychol., 19, 178). Sixteen spinal cord injuries patients and 16 neurologically unimpaired subjects have been administered with (1) the Hand Laterality Task (HLT), in which subjects were asked to judge the laterality of a rotated hand; and (2) the Mirror Letter Discrimination Task (MLD), in which subjects were asked to judge if a rotated character was in its correct upright position or mirror-reversed form. Our patients did not present the effect of stimulus orientation, neither did they show any effect related to biomechanical constraints. Based on these data, the hypothesis is that SCI patients' performance may be ascribed to the use of a different strategy to solve the tasks, based on memory rather than on mental rotation.
Public Health Goal for COPPER in Drinking Water Prepared

California with whom the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment contracted through the University of California Office of the President for their peer reviews of the public health goal document, and gratefully acknowledge the comments received from all interested parties. This Public Health Goal (PHG) technical support document provides information on health effects from contaminants in drinking water. PHGs are developed for chemical contaminants based on the best available toxicological data in the scientific literature. These documents and the analyses contained in them provide estimates of the levels of contaminants in drinking water that would pose no significant health risk to individuals consuming the water on a daily basis over a lifetime. to perform risk assessments and adopt PHGs for contaminants in drinking water based exclusively on public health considerations. The Act requires that PHGs be set in accordance with the following criteria: 1. PHGs for acutely toxic substances shall be set at levels at which no known or anticipated adverse effects on health will occur, with an adequate margin of safety. 2. PHGs for carcinogens or other substances that may cause chronic disease shall be based solely on health effects and shall be set at levels that OEHHA has determined do not pose any significant risk to health. 3. To the extent the information is available, OEHHA shall consider possible synergistic effects resulting from exposure to two or more contaminants. 4. OEHHA shall consider potential adverse effects on members of subgroups that comprise a meaningful proportion of the population, including but not limited to infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with a history of serious illness. 5. OEHHA shall consider the contaminant exposure and body burden levels that alter physiological function or structure in a manner that may significantly increase the risk of illness. 6. OEHHA shall consider additive effects of exposure to contaminants in media other than drinking water, including food and air, and the resulting body burden. 7. In risk assessments that involve infants and children, OEHHA shall specifically assess exposure patterns, special susceptibility, multiple contaminants with toxic mechanisms in common, and the interactions of such contaminants. 8. In cases of insufficient data for OEHHA to determine a level that creates no significant risk, OEHHA shall set the PHG at a level that is protective of public health with an adequate margin of safety. 9. In cases where scientific evidence demonstrates that a safe dose …
An active attachment biofilm model to develop anti-caries strategies

Background The treatment of polymicrobial biofilms with antimicrobial compounds results in not only an overall loss of viability but also compositional shifts. While DNA-based technologies may be more appropriate for the assessment of bacterial composition than culturing, these techniques amplify DNA from both live and dead cells. Propidium monoazide (PMA) has been used to discriminate between live and dead cells by blocking the DNA from membrane-damaged cells from being amplified. Aim This study evaluated the use of PMA in a saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilm model subjected to a single chlorhexidine treatment.
Powder bed fusion of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene using ultra-short laser pulses

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a new approach to fabricate complex components for medical implants. CO 2 laser radiation is the method of choice to selectively heat up the powder particles above the melting point. Although previous studies have shown the feasibility to fuse UHMWPE, the produced specimen lack of warping and degradation. Moreover, the achievable geometrical resolution is limited by the large spot size of several 100 µm. In this paper, we demonstrate an alternative approach for L-PBF of UHMWPE by using 500 fs laser pulses at a wavelength of 1030 nm. The peak intensity of several 100 MW/cm 2 allows for efficient multi-photon absorption in the transparent polymer. Thus, it was possible to completely melt the powder with less degradation. Furthermore, the achieved tensile strength of 4 MPa is 60 % higher in comparison to produced samples using conventional CO 2 L-PBF.
A Reconﬁgurable Design for Omni-adaptive Grasp Learning

—The engineering design of robotic grippers presents an ample design space for optimization towards robust grasping. In this paper, we investigate how can learning method be used to support the design reconﬁguration of robotic grippers for grasping using a novel soft structure with omni-directional adaptation. We propose a gripper system that is reconﬁgurable in terms of the number and arrangement of the proposed ﬁnger, which generates a large number of possible design conﬁgurations. Such design reconﬁgurations with omni-adaptive ﬁngers enables us to systematically investigate the optimal arrangement of the ﬁngers towards robust grasping. Furthermore, we adopt a learning-based method as the baseline to benchmark the effectiveness of each design conﬁguration. As a result, we found that the 3-ﬁnger radial conﬁguration is suitable for space-saving and cost-effectiveness, achieving an average 96% grasp success rate on seen and novel objects selected from the YCB dataset. The 4-ﬁnger radial arrangement can be applied to cases that require a higher payload with even distribution. We achieved dimension reduction using the radial gripper design with the removal of z -axis rotation during grasping. We also reported the different outcomes with or without friction enhancement of the soft ﬁnger network.
Victim-Blaming in Disguise? Supervisors’ Accounts of Problems in Victim-Blaming in Disguise? Supervisors’ Accounts of Problems in Healthcare Delivery Healthcare Delivery

Using data from 77 supervisors in seven hospitals across the U.S. that participated in a national workforce development program for low-wage frontline workers, we explain how supervisors justified and reproduced social inequalities by accepting culture of poverty and neoliberal discourses and how supervisors used these discourses to resolve identity-work dilemmas. We demonstrate how supervisors engaged in identity talk that justified deprivation for workers and shielded management from blame. We discuss how supervisors subtly invoked class, race, and gender stereotypes—and thus reproduced ideologies supportive of structural inequalities—as they crafted accounts that drew attention away from economic and organizational problems and focused on the victims. This research extends the literature on blame attribution, explained here as victim-blaming in disguise, which subsequently shaped supervisors’ perceptions of their staff, defined workers’ opportunities, and inadvertently, reproduced inequality.
CONCEPTUALIZING A SUSTAINABLE SKI RESORT: A CASE STUDY OF BLUE MOUNTAIN RESORT IN ONTARIO

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.v TABLE OF CONTENTS.vi LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ACRONYMS . x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 1.1 BACKGROUND ON SKI RESORTS AND SUSTAINABILITY . 2 1.1.1 Defining Ski Resorts . 2 1.1.2 Defining Host Communities.3 1.1.3 Defining Stakeholders . 3 1.1.4 Defining Sustainability.4 1.1.5 Viewing Ski Resorts from a Systems Perspective.5 1.2 THESIS RATIONALE . 5 1.2.1 Thesis Rationale: The Need for Sustainable Ski Resorts . 5 1.2.2 Thesis Rationale: Inherent Self-interest in Sustainability . 7 1.2.3 Thesis Rationale: Ski Resorts Must Operate in a Sustainable Manner.9 1.2.4 Thesis Rationale: Importance of Sustainability Principles.10 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE THESIS . 11 1.4 RELEVANCE OF THE THESIS . 12 1.5 STRUCTURE OF THESIS . 14 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DESIGN . 15 2.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.16 2.1.1 Pillar-based Approaches to Sustainability.16 2.1.2 The Integrated Systems Approach to Sustainability.18 2.1.3 Sustainability Principles.21 2.1.4 Gibson Principles . 23 2.1.5 Corporate Sustainability.27 2.1. 6 Sustainable Recreation/Tourism Destinations.28 2.1. 7 Current State of the Sustainable Ski Resort Discussion . 30 2.2 OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY.31 2.3 CASE STUDY METHOD.32 2.4 CASE SELECTION . 33 2.4. 1 Case Selection: Rationale for Selecting Ontario . 34 2.4. 2 Case Selection: Rationale for Selecting Blue Mountain Resort . 35 2.5 DATA COLLECTION.38 2.5. 1 Secondary Information Sources: Literature and Secondary Documents . 38 2.5. 2 Primary Information Sources: Researcher’s Role through Participant Observation . 39 2.5. 3 Primary Information Sources: Interviews . 41 2.6 DATA MANAGEMENT, ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION . 45 2.6. 1 Data Management . 45 2.6. 2 Data Analysis . 45 2.6. 3 Data Verification.46 CHAPTER 3: THE SUSTAINABLE SKI RESORT . 48 3.1 A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE OF A SKI RESORT . 48 3.2 ADAPTING THE GIBSON PRINCIPLES TO THE CONTEXT OF A SKI RESORT . 56 3.3 APPLYING THE SUSTAINABLE SKI RESORT PRINCIPLES . 76
Tailed duplex DNA is the preferred substrate for Rad 51 protein-mediated homologous pairing preference for 3-end invasion is generally considered

Division of Biological Sciences, Sections of Microbiology and of Despite the sound concordance of biological function Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, and biochemical mechanism in the case of RecA protein, CA 95616-8665 and 1Institute of Biotechnology/Center for Molecular recent findings with eukaryotic proteins seem to question Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San the universality of this canonical view. In contrast to Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA RecA protein, which actively promotes DNA heteroduplex 2Corresponding author extension in the 5 →3 direction, the Rad51 protein e-mail: sckowalczykowski@ucdavis.edu from Saccharomyces cerevisiae apparently allows DNA
Some Suﬃcient Conditions for Finding a Nesting of the Normalized Matching Posets of Rank 3

Given a graded poset P , consider a chain decomposition C of P . If | C 1 | ≤ | C 2 | implies that the set of the ranks of elements in C 1 is a subset of the ranks of elements in C 2 for any chains C 1 , C 2 ∈ C , then we say C is a nested chain decomposition (or nesting, for short) of P , and P is said to be nested. In 1970s, Griggs conjectured that every normalized matching rank-unimodal poset is nested. This conjecture is proved to be true only for all posets of rank 2 [11], some posets of rank 3 [10, 5], and the very special cases for higher ranks. For general cases, it is still widely open. In this paper, we provide some suﬃcient conditions on the rank numbers of posets of rank 3 to satisﬁes the Griggs’s conjecuture.
A back-gate current neutralisation feedback loop for high input impedance neural front-end amplifiers.

The front-end amplifier for neural signal applications forms the critical element for signal detection and pre-processing, which determines not only the fidelity of the biosignal, but also impacts power consumption and detector size. A back-gate current neutralisation feedback technique is proposed to compensate for input leakage currents generated by low noise amplifiers alongside signal leakage into the input bias network when in integrated circuit form. Significantly, this topology ensures the front-end amplifier maintains a high input impedance across the wide range of manufacturing and operational variations seen in integrated circuits.
The Anthropocene and History: The Orbis hypothesis in the construction of a Latin American Environmental History

The article that follows aims to present, in general, some possibilities and limitations of the use of the Anthropocene concept by Environmental History, highlighting some epistemological disputes that still surround the term, such as the definition of a timeframe or its transdisciplinary use. And, more specifically, to explore the possibilities of using the orbis hypothesis , proposed as a timeframe for the Anthropocene in the construction of a Latin American Environmental History, highlighting the way in which it would enable the interdisciplinary epistemological convergence of biophysical parameters and indicators of ecosystem anthropization with the founding colonial socio-historical processes of modernity.
Mitigating permafrost degradation due to linear disturbances in sub-arctic peatlands

ii Co-Authorship Statement iv Acknowledgments v List of Tables x List of Figures xi Chapter 1 1 1 General introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Introduction 3 1.3 Study region 3 1.4 Linear disturbances 5 1.5 Process controlling permafrost thaw in sub-arctic peatlands 8 1.6 Research objectives 10 1.7 Thesis organization and role of co-authors 11 1.8 References 13 Chapter 2 19 2 Reproducing field-scale active layer thaw in the lab 19 2.
Projection of land use change patterns using kernel logistic regression.

Change analysis is probably a natural step following the detection of changes using remote sensing data. One significant topic in change analysis is to model the changes in relation to their driving factors and to project future land-use patterns. While logistic regression (LR) has been widely used in change modeling, this paper presents an improved method, kernel logistic regression (KLR), to model the nonlinear relationship between land-use change and various causal factors such as population, distance to road and facilities, surrounding land-use, and others. Traditional KLR models contain one coefficient for each training sample, rendering it inappropriate for applications of land-use change analysis with more than a few thousand samples. A feature vectors selection method for the KLR model has therefore been proposed to impose sparsity and control complexity. To test the effectiveness of KLR, a case study was implemented to model rural-urban land-use conversion in the city of Calgary, Canada during the periods 1985 to 1990 and 1990 to 1999. The KLR model was compared with a commonly used LR model in terms of the Percentage of Correct Prediction (PCP), Area under Curve (AUC), and McNamara’s test, and the results consistently demonstrated the better performance of KLR.
Binârî: A Poetry Generation System for Ghazals

Poetry generation is in the intersection of Natural Language Processing and Computational Creativity. It has been studied intensively from different perspectives: poetry as translation, summary, prediction, constraint satisfaction, information retrieval etc. As a result, many different tools and techniques have been used. Techniques for solving other problems that can be formulated in these perspectives have been modiﬁed to meet the poetry task and original techniques have been created. In this study, we will present Binârî, a poetry generation system for the ghazal genre. Ghazals originated in about 7 th century in Arabic poetry. It then spread to other cultures and has been used in Persian, Urdu and Ottoman poetry across centuries. In our study, we will try to generate ghazals in Ottoman Turkish. This task has some difﬁculties that are not poetry related, regarding lack of datasets and raw data. It also has difﬁculties in terms of poetry generation: ghazal is a highly restrictive genre, having constraints in terms of structure, rhyme, rhythm, content and tone.
Recombineering: Genetic Engineering in Bacteria Using Homologous Recombination

The bacterial chromosome and plasmids can be engineered in vivo by homologous recombination using PCR products and synthetic oligonucleotides as substrates. This is possible because bacteriophage‐encoded recombination functions efficiently to recombine sequences with homologies as short as 35 to 40 bases. This recombineering allows DNA sequences to be inserted or deleted without regard to location of restriction sites. This unit first describes preparation of electrocompetent cells expressing the recombineering functions and their transformation with dsDNA or ssDNA. Support protocols describe a two‐step method of making genetic alterations without leaving any unwanted changes, and a method for retrieving a genetic marker (cloning) from the E. coli chromosome or a co‐electroporated DNA fragment and moving it onto a plasmid. A method is also given to screen for unselected mutations. Additional protocols describe removal of defective prophage, methods for recombineering.
Erratum to Velocity Structure of the Tibetan Lithosphere: Constraints from P‐Wave Travel Times of Regional Earthquakes

Using data from regional earthquakes recorded by the Hi-CLIMB array in Tibet, we model P-wave arrival times to constrain the velocity structure in the crust and the upper mantle in central and western Tibet. Of more than 30 high-quality, regional seismic profiles that have been assembled, we have selected 10 that show excellent crustal and Pn arrivals for further analysis. Travel times from four events along the Hi-CLIMB array provide details on crustal velocities, and six events at regional distances to the array provide further constraints on Moho structure and upper-mantle-lid velocities. We use three-dimensional ray tracing to model the travel times, and the results indicate that the Moho beneath the Lhasa terrane of southern Tibet is over 73 km deep, with a Pn speed of about 8:2 km=s. The Qiangtang terrane north of the Bangong-Nujiang suture (BNS) shows a thinner crust, by up to 10 km, and a lower Pn speed of 7:8-7:9 km=s. Travel times from events to thewest and east of the array indicate that both Moho structure and mantle-lid velocities in the region are three-dimensional in nature but approximately follow the trend of the BNS. Although only a limited number of events were used for the travel-time modeling, the results are consistent with earlier results from teleseismic imaging using the Hi-CLIMB array.
The Influence of Cadmium on Fountain Grass Performance Correlates Closely with Metabolite Profiles

The relationship between metabolite changes and biological endpoints in response to cadmium (Cd) stress remains unclear. Fountain grass has good Cd enrichment and tolerance abilities and is widely used in agriculture and landscaping. We analyzed the metabolic responses by detecting the metabolites through UPLC-MS and examined the relationships between metabolite changes and the characteristics of morphology and physiology to different Cd stress in fountain grass. Our results showed that under Cd stress, 102 differential metabolites in roots and 48 differential metabolites in leaves were detected, with 20 shared metabolites. Under Cd stress, most of the carbohydrates in leaves and roots decreased, which contributed to the lowered leaf/root length and fresh weight. In comparison, most of the differential amino acids and lipids decreased in the leaves but increased in the roots. Almost all the differential amino acids in the roots were negatively correlated with root length and root fresh weight, while they were positively correlated with malondialdehyde content. However, most of the differential amino acids in the leaves were positively correlated with leaf length and leaf fresh weight but negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that Cd significantly affects seven and eight metabolic pathways in the leaves and roots, respectively, with only purine metabolism co-existing in the roots and leaves. Our study is the first statement on metabolic responses to Cd stress and the relationships between differential metabolites and biological endpoints in fountain grass. The coordination between various metabolic pathways in fountain grass enables plants to adapt to Cd stress. This study provides a comprehensive framework by explaining the metabolic plasticity and Cd tolerance mechanisms of plants.