Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing computational costs of Spark for SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences comparisons on a commercial cloud

Cloud computing is currently one of the prime choices in the computing infrastructure landscape. In addition to advantages such as the pay‐per‐use bill model and resource elasticity, there are technical benefits regarding heterogeneity and large‐scale configuration. Alongside the classical need for performance, for example, time, space, and energy, there is an interest in the financial cost that might come from budget constraints. Based on scalability considerations and the pricing model of traditional public clouds, a reasonable optimization strategy output could be the most suitable configuration of virtual machines to run a specific workload. From the perspective of runtime and monetary cost optimizations, we provide the adaptation of a Hadoop applications execution cost model extracted from the literature aiming at Spark applications modeled with the MapReduce paradigm. We evaluate our optimizer model executing an improved version of the Diff Sequences Spark application to perform SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus pairwise sequence comparisons using the AWS EC2's virtual machine instances. The experimental results with our model outperformed 80% of the random resource selection scenarios. By only employing spot worker nodes exposed to revocation scenarios rather than on‐demand workers, we obtained an average monetary cost reduction of 35.66% with a slight runtime increase of 3.36%.
Forecasting Air Quality in Tripoli: An Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Hourly PM2.5 Surface Mass Concentrations

In this article, we aimed to study the forecasting of hourly PM2.5 surface mass concentrations in the city of Tripoli, Libya. We employed three state-of-the-art deep learning models, namely long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit, and convolutional neural networks, to forecast PM2.5 levels using univariate time series methodology. Our results revealed that the convolutional neural networks model performed the best, with a coefficient of variation of 99% and a mean absolute percentage error of 0.04. These findings provide valuable insights into the use of deep learning models for forecasting PM2.5 and can inform decision-making regarding air quality management in the city of Tripoli.
Missing data imputation using the multivariate t distribution

When a rectangular multivariate data set contains missing values, missing data imputation using the multivariate t distribution appears potentially useful, especially for robust inferences. An efficient technique, called the monotone data augmentation algorithm, for implementing missing data imputation using the multivariate t distribution with known and unknown weights, with monotone and nonmonotone missing data, and with known and unknown degrees of freedom is presented. Two numerical examples are included to illustrate the methodology, to compare results obtained using the multivariate t distribution with results obtained using the normal distribution, and to compare the rate of convergence of the monotone data augmentation algorithm with the rate of convergence of the (rectangular) data augmentation algorithm.
Resource Optimization for Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Formation Communication Based on an Improved Deep Q-Network

With the widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation technology, it is very important to maintain good communication quality with the limited power and spectrum resources that are available. To maximize the transmission rate and increase the successful data transfer probability simultaneously, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and value decomposition network (VDN) algorithm were introduced on the basis of a deep Q-network (DQN) for a UAV formation communication system. To make full use of the frequency, this manuscript considers both the UAV-to-base station (U2B) and the UAV-to-UAV (U2U) links, and the U2B links can be reused by the U2U communication links. In the DQN, the U2U links, which are treated as agents, can interact with the system and they intelligently learn how to choose the best power and spectrum. The CBAM affects the training results along both the channel and spatial aspects. Moreover, the VDN algorithm was introduced to solve the problem of partial observation in one UAV using distributed execution by decomposing the team q-function into agent-wise q-functions through the VDN. The experimental results showed that the improvement in data transfer rate and the successful data transfer probability was obvious.
Walsh Spectral Analysis

In this paper we review recent work on the stochastic approach of Walsh spectral analysis. We are mainly interested in the properties of the finite Walsh transform, which in turn allow us to derive properties of the estimators of the Walsh spectrum. We further discuss linear dyadic filters and Walsh characteristic functions. A rather complete list of references is given.
Production of Scalar and Pseudoscalar Mesons by Photons

The cross section for the production of a scalar meson by nucleon absorbing a photon was first calculated by Nordheim 'lnd Nordheim,u and Yukawa and his co-workers.2) They obtained merely rough results. An exact expression of the differential cross section for the production of positive scalar and pseudoscalar mesons by the same process was first obtained by the present author ,3) but the result for the total cross section was still approximate. The later and recently published theoretical results were still either approximate or quaIitative! )O)8)7)S) The recent advance of the laboratory and cosmic-ray experiments requires the detailed conclusion of theory. Therefore the present paper is, as a supplement to the previous paper,ll) intended to give the theoretical conclusion in detail to the differential and total cross sections for the process r+P_N+n+, r+N-P+1r-, and r+P-P+'ftl according to the scalar and pseudoscalar meson theories. The present calculation is based on the customary perturbation method partly using the method of unitary transformation and (eg)2 terms only are taken into account. The pure perturbation method of ,A3) gives the same result. A calculation. according to the modern covariant f9rmali~m of Tomonaga and Schwinger has recently been begun to include higher order terms by Koba, Kotani end NakaiSJthough the final result has not yet been obtained.
A study on the pulse parameter detection based on the improved YOLOV5

The convolutional neural network (CNN) in deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly in recent years, delivering many achievements to other areas of economic life. Nevertheless, gaps in CNN-related research still exist in the field of object identification and detection in regard to active sonar images, as most research in this field is still dominated by classical algorithms. Therefore, this paper summarizes the YOLOV5 used, analyzes the existing network defects, and optimizes the identification and detection algorithms based on the YOLOV5 network framework. The practical detection sets a high requirement for the precision of the sonar pulse signals detected. Specifically, it requires the false alarm rate to be lower than the designed value and the errors in the detection parameters to be kept within the tolerable range. To increase the detection precision, this paper adds an attention enhancement module to the network based on the original YOLOV5, which significantly improves the detection parameter effects.
Magma Flow Patterns in Dikes: Observations From Analogue Experiments

We conducted analogue experiments to examine flux‐driven and buoyancy‐driven magma ascent, which included a series of isothermal experiments and thermal, solidification‐prone experiments. We measured the internal flow using 2D particle image velocimetry, which indicates that buoyancy has a strong control on the flow pattern of isothermal dikes. Dikes that are not buoyant (likely driven by source pressure) take on a circulating pattern, while buoyant dikes assume an ascending flow pattern. Solidification modifies the flow field so that flow is confined to the dike's upper head region. The lower tail becomes mostly solidified, with a narrow conduit connecting the source to the head. We interpret that this conduit acts as a high velocity point source to the head, promoting a circulating flow pattern, even as the dike becomes buoyant. We then perform particle tracking velocimetry on several particles to illustrate the complexity of their paths. In a circulating flow pattern, particles rise to the top of the dike, descend near the lateral edge, and then are drawn back into the upward flow. In an ascending pattern, particles ascend slightly faster than the propagation velocity, and therefore are pushed to the side as they approach the upper tip. In erupting dikes, particles simply flow to the vent. In the context of crystal growth in magmatic dikes, these results suggest that crystal growth patterns (e.g., normal or oscillatory zoning) can reflect the magma flow pattern, and potentially the driving forces.
Topological Structures on Vertex Set of Digraphs

Relation on a set is a simple mathematical model to which many real-life data can be connected. A binary relation on a set can always be represented by a digraph. Topology on a set can be generated by binary relations on the set . In this direction, the study will consider different classical categories of topological spaces whose topology is defined by the binary relations adjacency and reachability on the vertex set of a directed graph. This paper analyses some properties of these topologies and studies the properties of closure and interior of the vertex set of subgraphs of a digraph. Further, some applications of topology generated by digraphs in the study of biological systems are cited.
Effect of Parental Age, Parity, and Pairing Approach on Reproduction in Strain 13/N Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Simple Summary Inbred strains of guinea pigs are a vital resource in the study of human disease and infection. However, maintenance of these colonies can be challenging due to lower reproductive fitness than outbred lines, and other strain-specific clinical considerations. Here, we report on the reproductive characteristics of strain 13/N guinea pigs, and investigate whether the choice of breeding parameters, including parental age, parity, and pairing approaches, can increase reproductive success in colonies. Abstract Guinea pigs are important animal models for human disease, and both outbred and inbred lines are utilized in biomedical research. The optimal maintenance of guinea pig colonies, commercially and in research settings, relies on robust informed breeding programs, however, breeding data on specialized inbred strains are limited. Here, we investigated the effects of parental age, parity, and pairing approaches on mean total fetus count, percentage of female pups in the litter, and pup survival rate after 10 days in strain 13/N guinea pigs. Our analysis of colony breeding data indicates that the average litter size is 3.3 pups, with a 25.2% stillbirth rate, a failure-to-thrive outcome in 5.1% of pups, and a 10 day survival rate of 69.7%. The only variable to significantly affect the reproductive outcomes examined was parental age (p < 0.05). In comparison to adults, both juvenile and geriatric sows had lower total fetus counts; juvenile boars had a higher percentage of females in litters, and geriatric boars had a lower 10 day survival rate of pups. These studies provide valuable information regarding the reproductive characteristics of strain 13/N guinea pigs, and support a variety of breeding approaches without significant effects on breeding success.
Experiment and meso-scale modelling on combined effects of strain rate and specimen size on uniaxial-compressive failures of concrete

This paper presents experimental and meso-scale modelling studies on the combined effects of strain-rate and specimen size on uniaxial compressive failure behaviour of concrete. A series of uniaxial compressive tests and meso-scale simulations were conducted on concrete with various specimen sizes under different strain-rates covering the strain-rate range of seismic load, with special focus on the quantitative contribution of end-friction to compressive strength and its corresponding strain-rate effect as well as size effect. Results indicate that the uniaxial compressive failure with end-friction follows an hourglass failure pattern while that without end-friction exhibits a columnar failure pattern. The end-friction effect can form different confined zone distributions for various sized specimens, which can cause the contribution of end-friction to compressive strength is size dependent as well as enhance the influence of specimen size on static and dynamic strength. The contribution proportion of end-friction to compressive strength is around 20∼25%. Moreover, larger-sized specimen performs a stronger strain-rate effect and the increasing strain-rate can weaken the influence of specimen size on the real compressive strength. The proposed real DIF empirical formula considering the size-dependency (covering the low strain-rate range) can well estimate the strain-rate effect for concrete with different sizes, which can provide a valuable reference for the numerical calculation of dynamic mechanical response and the safety design of concrete structures.
Dual-Photodiode Differential Receivers Achieving Double Photodetection Area for Gigabit-Per-Second Optical Wireless Communication

This article presents two dual-photodiode (PD) differential optical receivers that achieve double photodetection area to support gigabit-per-second optical wireless communication (OWC), while maintaining the receiver bandwidth. To enable differential light detection with a single incident light beam, a dual-PD OWC receiver architecture is proposed. In this architecture, two PDs are connected to the receiver complementarily without sacrificing the receiver bandwidth, and meanwhile, remain properly reversely biased. In addition, an adaptive dc photocurrent cancellation (ADPC) circuit is employed to prevent the saturation of the receivers under strong and imbalanced incident light. Based on the proposed architecture, two OWC receivers are implemented, including a proposed receiver and a reference one. In the proposed receiver, a low-noise shunt-feedback transimpedance amplifier (SF-TIA) with differential-pair-based current reuse and cross-coupled resistive feedback is proposed to enhance the sensitivity. In contrast, the reference receiver employs positive capacitive feedback to improve the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) performance. Both receivers have been fabricated with a standard 180 nm CMOS process and have been wire-bonded to two PDs. Experimental results indicate that both receivers can detect optical signals with data rates up to 2 Gb/s, and the proposed receiver architecture has significantly improved the bit error rate (BER) at 1.5 Gb/s from worse than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-9}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (error-free) with constrained optical power density. Moreover, the proposed receiver achieves an input sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.4~\mu \text{A}_{\mathrm {pp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> due to the superior performance of the proposed TIA, which outperforms the sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10.4~\mu \text{A}_{\mathrm {pp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from the reference receiver. Both sensitivities are measured at 1.5 Gb/s for a BER of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-9}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (error-free). The power consumption of the proposed and the reference receiver are 24.3 and 19.1 mW, respectively, excluding the output driver.
Implicit integration under mixed controls of a breakage model for unsaturated crushable soils

This paper discusses a series of stress point algorithms for a breakage model for unsaturated granular soils. Such model is characterized by highly nonlinear coupling terms introduced by breakage‐dependent hydro‐mechanical energy potentials. To integrate accurately and efficiently its constitutive equations, specific algorithms have been formulated using a backward Euler scheme. In particular, because implementation and verification of unsaturated soil models often require the use of mixed controls, the incorporation of various hydro‐mechanical conditions has been tackled. First, it is shown that the degree of saturation can be replaced with suction in the constitutive equations through a partial Legendre transformation of the energy potentials, thus changing the thermomechanical state variables and enabling a straightforward implementation of a different control mode. Then, to accommodate more complex control scenarios without redefining the energy potentials, a hybrid strategy has been used, combining the return mapping scheme with linearized constraints. It is shown that this linearization strategy guarantees similar levels of accuracy compared with a conventional strain–suction‐controlled implicit integration. In addition, it is shown that the use of linearized constraints offers the possibility to use the same framework to integrate a variety of control conditions (e.g., net stress and/or water‐content control). The convergence profiles indicate that both schemes preserve the advantages of implicit integration, that is, asymptotic quadratic convergence and unconditional stability. Finally, the performance of the two implicit schemes has been compared with that of an explicit algorithm with automatic sub‐stepping and error control, showing that for the selected breakage model, implicit integration leads to a significant reduction of the computational cost. Such features support the use of the proposed hybrid scheme also in other modeling contexts, especially when strongly nonlinear models have to be implemented and/or validated by using non‐standard hydro‐mechanical control conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stellar Variability in a Survey of Field Stars

We present results from a 5 night wide‐field time‐series photometric survey that detects variable field stars. We find that the fraction of stars whose light curves show variations depends on color and magnitude, reaching 17% for the brightest stars in this survey (V∼14) for which the photometric precision is best. The fraction of stars found to be variable is relatively high at colors bluer than the Sun and relatively low at colors similar to the Sun and increases again for stars redder than the Sun. We present light curves for a sample of the pulsating and eclipsing variables. Most of the stars identified as pulsating variables have low amplitudes (ΔV = 0.01–0.05), relatively blue colors, and multiple periods. There are 13 stars we identify as either SX Phoenicis or δ Scuti stars. These classes represent a significant contribution to the total number of blue variables found in this survey. Another 17 stars are identified as eclipsing variables, which have a wide range in color, magnitude, and amplitude. Two variable giants are observed, and both show night‐to‐night ∼1% variations. We present data for 222 variables in total, most of which are not classified. Implications of surveys for stellar variability and interferometry are briefly discussed.
Large Eddy Simulation of the Gas–Liquid Flow in a Cylindrical Cross-Sectioned Bubble Column

This paper is concerned with the numerical study of gas–liquid flow in bubble columns by large eddy simulations (LES). The Euler–Euler approach is used to describe the equations of motion of the two-phase flow. The mean velocities and the fluctuating velocities are obtained. It is found that, when the drag, lift and virtual mass forces are used, the computed results in agreement with experimental transient behavior can be captured.
Absolute Ionization Cross Sections of the Alkali Metals

The absolute values of the cross sections for ionization by electron impact of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium have been measured by a modulated crossed beam technique. The values obtained for the maximum cross sections are tabulated and were observed to increase with increasing atomic number. An unsuccessful attempt was made to measure the ionization cross section of lithium. (auth)
A critical study of Pentecostal understanding of the baptism of the Holy Spirit in Acts

In faith and practice, Pentecostals put emphasis on practical issues as well as spiritual experience in their theological understanding and doctrinal teachings. The Pentecostals take their doctrine from certain empirical events. One of the spiritual experiences often underlined is the baptism of the Holy Spirit. In interpreting the Book of Acts, Pentecostals tend to emphasise the theological character of the narratives and seldom their historical uniqueness. That is why Pentecostals stress the normative theological intent of the historical record for contemporary Christian experience. This article therefore examines critically Pentecostal paradigm of the baptism of the Holy Spirit, deriving examples from the Acts of the Apostles. It is concluded that the practice of the baptism of the Holy Spirit carried out by Christians today, arguably, has no biblical basis. This is because, there is nowhere the Bible commands people to seek baptism in the Holy Spirit. The observation is that, all the events or experiences of Christians baptised in the Holy Spirit in Acts are not necessarily universal normative for every Christian and for this reason, there is no need to be dogmatic.Contribution: This article challenges the practice of the baptism of the Holy Spirit in church today. This study supports the fact that the baptism of the Holy Spirit is not a universal experience for every Christians and there is no need to be dogmatised.
Systematic review with meta-analysis of transverse vs. vertical midline extraction incisional hernia risk following laparoscopic colorectal resections

Background The aim of this article is to explore the risk of incisional hernia (IH) occurrence at the site of specimen extraction following laparoscopic colorectal resection (LCR), highlighting the comparison between transverse incision versus midline vertical abdominal incision. Methods Analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Systematic search of medical databases, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Library were performed to find all types of comparative studies reporting the incidence of IH at the specimen extraction site of transverse or vertical midline incision following LCR. The analysis of the pooled data was done using the RevMan statistical software. Results Twenty-five comparative studies (including 2 randomised controlled trials) on 10,362 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were 4,944 patients in the transverse incision group and 5,418 patients in the vertical midline incision group. In the random effects model analysis, the use of transverse incision for specimen extraction following LCR reduced the risk of IH development (odds ratio =0.30, 95% CI: 0.19–0.49, Z=4.88, P=0.00001). However, there was significant heterogeneity (Tau2=0.97; Chi2=109.98, df=24, P=0.00004; I2=78%) among included studies. The limitation of the study is due to lack of RCTs, this study includes both prospective and retrospective studies along with 2 RCTs which makes the meta-analysis potentially biased in source of evidence. Conclusions Transverse incision used for specimen extraction following LCR seems to reduce the risk of postoperative IH incidence compared to vertical midline abdominal incisions.