Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Real Intrinsic Wall Crossings

We study moduli space stabilization of a class of BPS configurations from the perspective of the real intrinsic Riemannian geometry. Our analysis exhibits a set of implications towards the stability of the D-term potentials, defined for a set of Abelian scalar fields. In particular, we show that the nature of marginal and threshold walls of stabilities may be investigated by real geometric methods. Interestingly, we find that the leading order contributions may easily be accomplished by translations of the Fayet parameter. Specifically, we notice that the various possible linear, planar, hyperplanar and the entire moduli space stability may easily be reduced to certain polynomials in the Fayet parameter. For a set of finitely many real scalar fields, it may be further inferred that the intrinsic scalar curvature defines the global nature and range of vacuum correlations. Whereas, the underlying moduli space configuration corresponds to a noninteracting basis at the zeros of the scalar curvature, where the scalar fields become uncorrelated. The divergences of the scalar curvature provide possible phase structures, viz., wall of stability, phase transition, if any, in the chosen moduli configuration. The present analysis opens up a new avenue towards the stabilization of gauge and string moduli.
Multi-Objective Linear Quadratic Team Optimization

In this paper, we consider linear quadratic team problems with an arbitrary number of quadratic constraints in both stochastic and deterministic settings. The team consists of players with different measurements about the state of nature. The objective of the team is to minimize a quadratic cost subject to additional finite number of quadratic constraints. We will first consider the Gaussian case, where the state of nature is assumed to have a Gaussian distribution, and show that the linear decisions are optimal and can be found by solving a semidefinite program We then consider the problem of minimizing a quadratic objective for the worst case scenario, subject to an arbitrary number of deterministic quadratic constraints. We show that linear decisions can be found by solving a semidefinite program.
The Null Condition and Global Existence for Nonlinear Wave Equations on Slowly Rotating Kerr Spacetimes

We study a semilinear equation with derivatives satisfying a null condition on slowly rotating Kerr spacetimes. We prove that given sufficiently small initial data, the solution exists globally in time and decays with a quantitative rate to the trivial solution. The proof uses the robust vector field method. It makes use of the decay properties of the linear wave equation on Kerr spacetime, in particular the improved decay rates in the region $\{r\leq \frac{t}{4}\}$.
Two-step rational extensions of the harmonic oscillator: exceptional orthogonal polynomials and ladder operators

The type III Hermite Xm exceptional orthogonal polynomial family is generalized to a double-indexed one Xm1,m2? > (with m1 even and m2 odd such that m2 > m1) and the corresponding rational extensions of the harmonic oscillator are constructed by using second-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The new polynomials are proved to be expressible in terms of mixed products of Hermite and pseudo-Hermite ones, while some of the associated potentials are linked with rational solutions of the Painlevé IV equation. A novel set of ladder operators for the extended oscillators is also built and shown to satisfy a polynomial Heisenberg algebra of order m2 − m1 + 1, which may alternatively be interpreted in terms of a special type of (m2 − m1 + 2)th-order shape invariance property.
SSP-Regularizer: A Star Shape Prior Based Regularizer for Vessel Lumen Segmentation in Oct Images

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used in high-resolution imaging of biological tissues, which can help diagnose coronary heart disease by segmenting the vessel lumen at the pixel-level. However, the lumen shape geometry is not well used in the state-of-the-art techniques for OCT image segmentation, especially the data-driven methods, leaving much room for performance improvement if some geometric features could be exploited to provide prior information. Thanks to the star shape geometry of vessel lumen, in this paper, a new Star Shape Prior based Regularizer (SSP-Regularizer) is proposed to improve segmentation performance. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed SSP-Regularizer is applied to improve the optimization scheme used in Mask-RCNN for vessel lumen segmentation. Experimental results show that superior performance is achieved with SSP-Regularizer, indicating its potentials in OCT imagery and optimization schemes.
EXPOSURE TO PORNOGRAPHY AMONG STUDENTS AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN KHULNA CITY CORPORATION, SOUTHWEST BANGLADESH

This study aimed at exploring the underlying factors of exposure to pornography among the students at educational institutions in Khulna City of Bangladesh. Following survey research design, a sample of 304 students (200 male and 104 female) were selected randomly from three educational institutions and data were collected by administering a semi-structured interview schedule. Findings reveal that majority of the students (about 81%), male in particular, are exposed to pornography before sixteen years of age. Students residing in halls or boarding houses are more inclined to pornography than those living with parents or other family members. It is also evident that the exposure to pornography increases with low religious affiliation. In addition, students through the use of technological devices with greater internet data packages are more exposed to pornographic materials. Students’ personal income is also associated with their addiction to pornography, i.e. when income shifts from low to high exposure to pornography also changes from minimum level to maximum. It is, therefore, strongly recommended that policy makers should develop effective measures to thwart exposure to pornography among young men and women with an emphasis on building awareness about the effect of repeated exposure to pornography on their health, behavior and other social issues.
Contribution of isovector mesons to the symmetry energy in a microscopic model

We examine the potential energy contribution to the symmetry energy (in the parabolic approximation) arising from the isovector mesons, \pi, \rho, and \delta. The significance of a microscopic model which incorporates all important mesons is revealed. In particular, we demonstrate the importance of the pion for a realistic investigation of isospin-sensitive systems.
Hot subdwarf stars in close-up view - II. Rotational properties of single and wide binary subdwarf B stars

Subluminous B stars (sdBs) form the extremely hot end of the horizontal branch and are therefore related to the blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars. While the rotational properties of BHB stars have been investigated extensively, studies of sdB stars have concentrated on close binaries that are influenced by tidal interactions between their components. Here we present a study of 105 sdB stars, which are either single stars or in wide binaries where tidal effects become negligible. The projected rotational velocities have been determined by measuring the broadening of metal lines using high-resolution optical spectra. All stars in our sample are slow rotators (vrot sini 11500K) with diffusion-dominated atmospheres are slow rotators like the hot subdwarf stars located on the extreme horizontal branch, which lost more envelope and therefore angular momentum in the red-giant phase. The uniform rotation distributions of single and wide binary sdBs pose a challenge to our understanding of hot subdwarf formation. Especially the high fraction of helium white dwarf mergers predicted by theory seems to be inconsistent with the results presented here.
A Novel Continuous-Discontinuous Multi-Field Numerical Model for Rock Blasting

During blasting, rock failure is caused by blasting wave and explosive gas pressure, as a multi-field coupled process. Most numerical models focus on the effect of blasting wave where the gas pressure is commonly accounted for by empirical relations, ignoring the penetration and permeation of gas flow in cracks. This can underestimate the failure region. In this work, a novel multi-field model is developed in the framework of a continuous-discontinuous element method (CDEM), which is a coupled finite-discrete method with explicit integration strategy. The deformation and cracking of rock mass and the distribution of gas pressure are captured. The proposed method is verified by comparing the results to other results provided in published literature. Especially, by simulating the cases with blocked and unblocked blasting hole, we found that: (i) The fracture degree of the case with blocked blasting hole was 30% higher than that of the unblocked blasting hole. (ii) The radial main cracks in the fracture area are mainly caused by the explosive gas, and the tiny and dense cracks near the hole are induced by the explosion stress wave. (iii) The explosion crushing zone is mainly formed by the action of explosion stress wave, while the crack zone is formed by the combined action of the explosion stress wave and explosive gas. The proposed method provides a useful tool to properly simulate a rock blasting process.
Liberal use of local anaesthetic and the risk of toxicity in elective arthroplasties at a tertiary teaching hospital

Background Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a life-threatening potential complication that may follow the administration of local anaesthetic (LA) drugs, and is cumulative across the drug class. Local anaesthetics are commonly administered via different routes for elective orthopaedic procedures – both by anaesthetists and surgeons. We hypothesized that total doses of LA may be routinely encroaching upon toxicity. Methods All total hip or knee arthroplasties (THAs and TKAs) performed within a 3 month period at the John Hunter Hospital (tertiary referral centre and teaching hospital) were audited to assess total administration of LA. Demographics, surgical characteristics, use of general anaesthesia or sedation, and use of local anaesthetic via any route of administration was recorded. For each patient, a weight-based theoretical maximum safe dose was calculated and compared against the dose they received. Data is presented as mean ± SD, percentages. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. Results 130 THAs and TKAs were identified within the audit period. 52 patients exceeded their drug-class theoretical maximum safe dose. 49 patients exceeded their weight-based maximum dose for a single LA agent, in all cases ropivacaine. Non-obese individuals receive significantly higher mean dose than obese individuals (119.4% [98.6–140.3] vs 78.82% [65.95–91.69], p = 0.001). No LAST events were identified. Conclusions Patients who received elective total hip or knee arthroplasties were exposed to concerningly high total doses of local anaesthetic, suggesting that greater awareness of the additive toxicity of drugs within this class is required.
Behaviour of Pulsations in Hydrodynamic Models of Massive Stars

Abstract We have calculated the pulsations of massive stars using a nonlinear hydrodynamic code including time-dependent convection. The basic structure models are based on a standard grid published by Meynet et al. (1994). Using the basic structure, we calculated envelope models, which include the outer few percent of the star. These models go down to depths of at least 2 million K. These models, which range from 40 to 85 solar masses, show a range of pulsation behaviours. We find models with very long period pulsations (> 100 d), resulting in high amplitude changes in the surface properties. We also find a few models that show outburst-like behaviour. The details of this behaviour are discussed, including calculations of the resulting wind mass-loss rates.
CARMA CO OBSERVATIONS OF THREE EXTREMELY METAL-POOR, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

We present sensitive CO (J = 1 → ? > 0) emission line observations of the three metal-poor dwarf irregular galaxies Leo P (Z ∼ 3% Z⊙), Sextans A (Z ∼ 7.5% Z⊙), and Sextans B (Z ∼ 7.5% Z⊙), all obtained with the Combined Array for Millimeter-wave Astronomy interferometer. While no CO emission was detected, the proximity of the three systems allows us to place very stringent (4σ) upper limits on the CO luminosity (LCO) in these metal-poor galaxies. We find the CO luminosities to be LCO < 2900 K km s−1 pc2 for Leo P, LCO < 12,400 K km s−1 pc2 for Sextans A, and LCO < 9700 K km s−1 pc2 for Sextans B. Comparison of our results with recent observational estimates of the factor for converting between LCO and the mass of molecular hydrogen, as well as theoretical models, provides further evidence that either the CO-to-H2 conversion factor increases sharply as metallicity decreases, or that stars are forming in these three galaxies very efficiently, requiring little molecular hydrogen.
Stochastic Thermodynamics, Reversible Dynamical Systems and Information Theory

Stochastic Thermodynamics (ST) extends the notions of classical thermodynamics to trajectories taken from a nonequilibrium ensemble. This extension yields a simple approach to fluctuation relations in small systems. Multiple time- and length scales play an important role for measurements but also for the foundations of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Here, under the assumptions of local equilibrium we derive the trajectory functionals of ST in the context of reversible deterministic thermostats. Further, the connection to previous work is made.
Effects of site preparation and reindeer grazing on the early-stage success of Scots pine regeneration from seeds in northern Finland and Sweden

ABSTRACT The importance of sufficient soil scarification to ensure the regeneration of Scots pine on sub-dry and more fertile sites has been emphasized in many studies. Here we aimed to study, how site preparation intensity affects the early success of natural regeneration and sowing (bare seeds and seed pellets) of Scots pine with or without the reindeer grazing. The study area was located in northern Finland and Sweden where five site preparation methods were compared: unprepared control, logging machine tracks, Huminmix (mixing the mineral soil and organic layer), disc trenching and intensive disc trenching. In each of these we used direct seeding, seed pellets and natural regeneration. Results revealed that even the lightest site preparation methods can provide sufficient regeneration results while the reindeer grazing limits the optimal regeneration result. Huminmix and even the track of the logging machine could provide satisfactory regeneration results both in direct seeding and natural regeneration. This could facilitate the coexistence of forest management, reindeer herding and other land use forms in the same stands and area. The use of seed pellets needs further research, but it may have potential due to lower consumption of seeds and less need for site preparation.
Modulation of Canine Melanocortin-3 and -4 Receptors by Melanocortin-2 Receptor Accessory Protein 1 and 2

The neural melanocortin receptors (MCRs), melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R), have crucial roles in regulating energy homeostasis. The melanocortin-2 receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs, MRAP1 and MRAP2) have been shown to regulate neural MCRs in a species-specific manner. The potential effects of MRAP1 and MRAP2 on canine neural MCRs have not been investigated before. Herein, we cloned canine (c) MC3R and identified one canine MRAP2 splice variant, MRAP2b, with N-terminal extension of cMRAP2a. Canine MC3R showed higher maximal responses to five agonists than those of human MC3R. We further investigated the modulation of cMRAP1, cMRAP2a, and cMRAP2b, on cMC3R and cMC4R pharmacology. For the cMC3R, all MRAPs had no effect on trafficking; cMRAP1 significantly decreased Bmax whereas cMRAP2a and cMRAP2b significantly increased Bmax. Both MRAP1 and MRAP2a decreased Rmaxs in response to α-MSH and ACTH; MRAP2b only decreased α-MSH-stimulated cAMP generation. For the MC4R, MRAP1 and MRAP2a increased cell surface expression, and MRAP1 and MRAP2a increased Bmaxs. All MRAPs had increased affinities to α-MSH and ACTH. MRAP2a increased ACTH-induced cAMP levels, whereas MRAP2b decreased α-MSH- and ACTH-stimulated cAMP production. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the regulation of neural MCRs by MRAP1 and MRAP2s.
Gravitational-wave tail effects to quartic non-linear order

Gravitational-wave tails are due to the backscattering of linear waves onto the space-time curvature generated by the total mass of the matter source. The dominant tails correspond to quadratic non-linear interactions and arise at the one-and-a-half post-Newtonian (1.5 PN) order in the gravitational waveform. The ‘tails-of-tails’, which are cubic non-linear effects appearing at the 3 PN order in the waveform, are also known. We derive here higher non-linear tail effects, namely those associated with quartic non-linear interactions or ‘tails-of-tails-of-tails’, which are shown to arise at the 4.5 PN order. As an application, we obtain at that order the complete coefficient in the total gravitational-wave energy flux of compact binary systems moving on circular orbits. Our result perfectly agrees with black-hole perturbation calculations in the limit of extreme mass ratio of the two compact objects.
Generic appearance of objective results in quantum measurements

Measurement is of central interest in quantum mechanics as it provides the link between the quantum world and the world of everyday experience. One of the features of everyday experience is its robust, objective character, contrasting the delicate nature of quantum systems. Here we analyze in a completely model-independent way the celebrated von Neumann measurement process, using recent techniques of information flow, studied in open quantum systems. We show the generic appearance of objective results in quantum measurements, provided we macroscopically coarse-grain the measuring apparatus and wait long enough. To study genericity, we employ the widely used Gaussian unitary ensemble of random matrices and the Hoeffding inequality. We derive generic objectivization time scales, given solely by the interaction strength and the systems' dimensions. Our results are manifestly universal and are a generic property of von Neumann measurements.
Spectral multiplier theorems of H\"ormander type on Hardy and Lebesgue spaces

Let $X$ be a space of homogeneous type and let $L$ be an injective, non-negative, self-adjoint operator on $L^2(X)$ such that the semigroup generated by $-L$ fulfills Davies-Gaffney estimates of arbitrary order. We prove that the operator $F(L)$, initially defined on $H^1_L(X)\cap L^2(X)$, acts as a bounded linear operator on the Hardy space $H^1_L(X)$ associated with $L$ whenever $F$ is a bounded, sufficiently smooth function. Based on this result, together with interpolation, we establish H\"ormander type spectral multiplier theorems on Lebesgue spaces for non-negative, self-adjoint operators satisfying generalized Gaussian estimates in which the required differentiability order is relaxed compared to all known spectral multiplier results.
Positivity in K\"ahler-Einstein theory

Tian initiated the study of incomplete K\"ahler-Einstein metrics on quasi-projective varieties with cone-edge type singularities along a divisor, described by the cone-angle $2\pi(1-\alpha)$ for $\alpha\in (0, 1)$. In this paper we study how the existence of such K\"ahler-Einstein metrics depends on $\alpha$. We show that in the negative scalar curvature case, if such K\"ahler-Einstein metrics exist for all small cone-angles then they exist for every $\alpha\in(\frac{n+1}{n+2}, 1)$, where $n$ is the dimension. We also give a characterization of the pairs that admit negatively curved cone-edge K\"ahler-Einstein metrics with cone angle close to $2\pi$. Again if these metrics exist for all cone-angles close to $2\pi$, then they exist in a uniform interval of angles depending on the dimension only. Finally, we show how in the positive scalar curvature case the existence of such uniform bounds is obstructed.
Predicting ESP failures Using Artificial Intelligence for Improved Production Performance in One of the Offshore Fields in India

Field X is situated at a water depth of 90 meters in the western continental shelf at a distance of 200 Kilometers from Mumbai. It is one of the few fields in the world operating entirely on Electric Submersible Pumps with 36 wells in 5 wellhead platforms producing 62907 barrels of liquid per day with an average water cut of 68%. The performance of ESPs is being continuously monitored in the field. With continuous improvement, the run life of ESPs has increased from a few months to an average of 3 years. Despite the improvement in the run life, unexpected failures still occur from time to time. These unanticipated ESP failures cause substantial production deferment leading to considerable losses in terms of revenue and resources. This paper presents the findings of an Artificial Intelligence based model developed for failure prediction of ESPs aiming to minimize the unexpected production loss for Field X. From the historical data obtained, 47 instances of pump failure have been identified. One of the challenges encountered during Data Exploration was missing data which in many cases was due to downhole sensor failure before the pump failure. The missing values have been inferred and imputed from the known available parameters for each pump. Various machine learning algorithms including Random Forest Regressor, Xgboost Regression, Copula-based Outlier Detection, Scalable Unsupervised Outlier Detection and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Autoencoder have been applied on these failure instances to develop a model for predicting the run lives of ESPs. Out of all the methods, LSTM Autoencoder model has been found to be the best suited model for anomaly detection before failure of ESPs. Autoencoders learn patterns in data over long sequences which makes them suitable for anomaly detection before the actual pump failure. The pattern recognition algorithms of Autoencoders have been able to predict the anomaly at approximately ~60 days before failure in a number of pump failure instances. The paper discusses a proactive approach by building a predictive model for estimating ESP lifespan based on machine learning algorithms. The model's predictive accuracy can be improved over time by adding information and further improving the model components.
Multi-marginal optimal transport: theory and applications

Over the past five years, multi-marginal optimal transport, a generalization of the well known optimal transport problem of Monge and Kantorovich, has begun to attract considerable attention, due in part to a wide variety of emerging applications. Here, we survey this problem, addressing fundamental theoretical questions including the uniqueness and structure of solutions. The (partial) answers to these questions uncover a surprising divergence from the classical two marginal setting, and reflect a delicate dependence on the cost function. We go one to describe two applications of the multi-marginal problem.