Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Bacterial Sulfur Cycling and Ca/Mg Carbonate Precipitation—Old Tales and New Insights from Lagoa Vermelha and Brejo do Espinho, Brazil

Over the few past decades, the concept of microbial sulfur cycling catalyzing the precipitation of CaMg (CO3)2 at low temperatures (<40 °C) has been studied intensely. In this respect, two hypersaline lagoons, Lagoa Vermelha and Brejo do Espinho, in Brazil, have been the subject of numerous studies investigating sedimentary Ca/Mg carbonate formation. Here, we present the sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of dissolved sulfate from surface water, as well as sulfate and sulfide from pore-water (δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4, and δ34SH2S), the sulfur isotopic composition of sedimentary pyrite (δ34SCRS), and sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS, δ34SCAS and δ18OCAS). The pore-water profiles at Lagoa Vermelha indicate ongoing bacterial sulfate reduction by increasing δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4 and δ34SCRS values downcore. At Brejo do Espinho, the pore-water profiles displayed no depth-dependent isotope trends; the Ca/Mg ratio was, on average, lower, and the δ18OSO4 values in both surface and pore-water were strongly enriched in 18O. There was an overall mismatch between δ34SSO4 and the significantly higher δ34SCAS values. A negative correlation was observed between the Ca/Mg ratio and higher δ34SCAS values. The results show that the size difference between the two lagoons induces differences in the intensity of evaporation, which leads to the increased secretion of extrapolymeric substances (EPSs) by microbes in the smaller Brejo do Espinho. EPS provides the microenvironment where Ca/Mg carbonate can nucleate and preserve increased δ34SCAS values. Apart from EPS, increased sulfur oxidation is proposed to be a second factor causing relative enrichment of Ca/Mg carbonates at Brejo do Espinho. Our results emphasize the role of evaporative processes on Ca/Mg carbonate formation, and indicate that the respective δ34SCAS values reflect microenvironments rather than preserving an open marine δ34SSO4 signature.
STABILITY RESULTS IN ADDITIVE COMBINATORICS AND GRAPH THEORY

OF THE DISSERTATION Stability Results in Additive Combinatorics and Graph Theory by Simão Herdade Dissertation Director: Endre Szemerédi A general problem in Extremal Combinatorics asks about the maximum size of a collection of finite objects satisfying certain restrictions, and an ideal solution to it presents to you the objects which attain the maximum size. In several problems, it is the case that any large set satisfying the given property must be similar to one of the few extremal examples. Such stability results give us a complete understanding of the problem, and also make the result more flexible to be applied as a tool in other mathematical problems. Stability results in additive combinatorics and graph theory constitute the main topic of this thesis, in which we solve a question of Erdös and Sárközy on sums of integers, and reprove a conjecture of Posa and Seymour on powers of hamiltonian cycles. Along the way we prove stronger structural statements that have as a corollary the optimal solution to these problems. We also introduce a counting technique and two graph theory tools which we believe to be of great interest in their own right. Namely the shifting method, the connecting lemma, and a robust version of the classic Erdos-Stone Simonovits theorem.
Performance Analysis of Coherent and Noncoherent Modulation Under I/Q Imbalance Effects

In this paper, we investigate the effects of in-phase/quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) on the performance of different modulation schemes under multipath fading channels. In particular, a comprehensive framework for the analysis of coherent and noncoherent modulation with IQI is proposed. Specifically, new moment generating function (MGF) expressions for both point-to-point and multiple antenna systems are derived for the cases of transmitter IQI, receiver IQI, and joint transmitter/receiver IQI. Based on the derived MGFs, new analytical expressions for the corresponding symbol error rate (SER) are derived and are subsequently used to provide deep insights into the effects of IQI on the system performance. It is shown that, while in some cases the SER performance degradation due to IQI is marginal, in other cases, this impairment is more pronounced. Accordingly, IQI compensation is of paramount importance as it can guarantee a reliable communication link. This is particularly important in demanding communication technologies where reduction of latency and complexity are essential.
Cross‐Equatorial Surges Boost MJO's Southward Detour Over the Maritime Continent

The influence of the cross‐equatorial northerly surge (CES) on the eastward propagation of Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) during boreal winter is evaluated through the analysis of the column integrated moisture budget. Results show that the CES reinforces MJO's southward detour by increasing horizontal moisture convergence over the southern Maritime Continent (MC) region. Further analysis reveals that the zonal convergence by intraseasonal zonal wind anomalies acting upon background moisture is intensified in the presence of CES events, causing a stronger convective activity in the southern MC (SMC). The stronger moisture convergence in the SMC is associated with the CES‐induced intensification of low‐level northwesterly and westerly winds, which, in turn, strengthen zonal wind convergences and positive wind‐evaporation feedbacks onto the MJO convection. An improved process understanding of the link between the CES and MJO detours can help engender improvements in extreme weather forecasts and aid investigation biases in simulating MJO in climate models.
A finite element calculation of flux pumping

A flux pump is not only a fascinating example of the power of Faraday’s concept of flux lines, but also an attractive way of powering superconducting magnets without large electronic power supplies. However it is not possible to do this in HTS by driving a part of the superconductor normal, it must be done by exceeding the local critical density. The picture of a magnet pulling flux lines through the material is attractive, but as there is no direct contact between flux lines in the magnet and vortices, unless the gap between them is comparable to the coherence length, the process must be explicable in terms of classical electromagnetism and a nonlinear V–I characteristic. In this paper a simple 2D model of a flux pump is used to determine the pumping behaviour from first principles and the geometry. It is analysed with finite element software using the A formulation and FlexPDE. A thin magnet is passed across one or more superconductors connected to a load, which is a large rectangular loop. This means that the self and mutual inductances can be calculated explicitly. A wide strip, a narrow strip and two conductors are considered. Also an analytic circuit model is analysed. In all cases the critical state model is used, so the flux flow resistivity and dynamic resistivity are not directly involved, although an effective resistivity appears when Jc is exceeded. In most of the cases considered here is a large gap between the theory and the experiments. In particular the maximum flux transferred to the load area is always less than the flux of the magnet. Also once the threshold needed for pumping is exceeded the flux in the load saturates within a few cycles. However the analytic circuit model allows a simple modification to allow for the large reduction in Ic when the magnet is over a conductor. This not only changes the direction of the pumped flux but leads to much more effective pumping.
Assessing Claims Made by a Pizza Chain

A pizza chain in Australia made a number of claims about the size of its pizzas relative to those from another pizza chain. Interestingly, the pizza chain made publically available the data upon which those claims were made. The claims of the pizza company can be assessed using these data. Instructors can use the data to guide students to form research questions and hypotheses; to produce numerous graphical, numerical and tabular summaries; and for conducting some simple analyses such as one- and two-sample t-tests. Notes are made on how the data can be used to demonstrate the importance of initial data analysis, and the importance of understanding the source of the data and the research design. In addition, suggestions are made for how students can use these results in a way that taps students' creative potential.
A Review on Human-Robot Interaction and User Experience in Smart Robotic Wheelchairs

This review research paper provides an analysis of the current state of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) and User Experience (UX) in the context of smart robotic wheelchairs. It explores the advancements in HRI techniques, including multimodal interfaces, gesture recognition, voice commands, and brain-computer interfaces, and evaluates their impact on user experience factors such as usability, learnability, efficiency, and satisfaction. The paper discusses the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing HRI capabilities and personalization of wheelchair behavior. The review highlights gaps in current research and identifies future directions to improve the immersive experience of smart wheelchair users. Overall, this comprehensive review contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing user acceptance, satisfaction, and system performance, guiding the development of more intuitive and user-centered smart robotic wheelchairs for individuals with mobility impairments.
The Potential of Myrtaceae Species for the Phytomanagement of Treated Municipal Wastewater

The use of native plants in land application systems for treated municipal wastewater (TMW) can contribute to ecological restoration. However, research on the potential of native species to manage the nutrients and contaminants contained in TMW is scarce. At a 10-hectare field site irrigated with TMW at >4000 mm yr−1, we investigated the distribution of nutrients and trace elements in the soil–plant system, comparing the New Zealand native Myrtaceae species Leptosperum scoparium and Kunzea robusta with pasture. The results showed that plant growth did not correlate with TMW irrigation rates. L. scoparium and K. robusta had higher foliar trace element concentrations than pasture, but these were not correlated with TMW irrigation rates. The pasture accumulated more N and P (68 kg of N ha−1 yr−1 and 11 kg of P ha−1 yr−1) than the Myrtaceae species (0.6–17 kg of N ha−1 yr−1 and 0.06–1.8 kg of P ha−1 yr−1). Regular harvesting of the pasture would likely remove more N and P from the site than the Myrtaceae species. The results highlight the importance of adjusting TMW application rates to the soil–plant capacity, in which case, native plants could provide ecological or economic value to TMW-irrigated land.
Whole-Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing Expands the Genotype of Majewski Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II

Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism type II (MOPDII) represents the most common form of primordial dwarfism. MOPD clinical features include severe prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, postnatal severe microcephaly, hypotonia, and an increased risk for cerebrovascular disease and insulin resistance. Autosomal recessive biallelic loss-of-function genomic variants in the centrosomal pericentrin (PCNT) gene on chromosome 21q22 cause MOPDII. Over the past decade, exome sequencing (ES) and massive RNA sequencing have been effectively employed for both the discovery of novel disease genes and to expand the genotypes of well-known diseases. In this paper we report the results both the RNA sequencing and ES of three patients affected by MOPDII with the aim of exploring whether differentially expressed genes and previously uncharacterized gene variants, in addition to PCNT pathogenic variants, could be associated with the complex phenotype of this disease. We discovered a downregulation of key factors involved in growth, such as IGF1R, IGF2R, and RAF1, in all three investigated patients. Moreover, ES identified a shortlist of genes associated with deleterious, rare variants in MOPDII patients. Our results suggest that Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies can be successfully applied for the molecular characterization of the complex genotypic background of MOPDII.
Relationship between Sugarcane eIF4E Gene and Resistance against Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus

Sugarcane mosaic disease, mainly caused by Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), has serious adverse effects on the yield and quality of sugarcane. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a natural resistance gene in plants. The eIF4E-mediated natural recessive resistance results from non-synonymous mutations of the eIF4E protein. In this study, two sugarcane varieties, CP94-1100 and ROC22, were selected for analysis of their differences in resistance to SCSMV. Four-base missense mutations in the ORF region of eIF4E resulted in different conserved domains. Therefore, the differences in resistance to SCSMV are due to the inherent differences in eIF4E of the sugarcane varieties. The coding regions of eIF4E included 28 SNP loci and no InDel loci, which were affected by negative selection and were relatively conserved. A total of 11 haploids encoded 11 protein sequences. Prediction of the protein spatial structure revealed three non-synonymous mutation sites for amino acids located in the cap pocket of eIF4E; one of these sites existed only in a resistant material (Yuetang 55), whereas the other site existed only in a susceptible material (ROC22), suggesting that these two sites might be related to the resistance to SCSMV. The results provide a strong basis for further analysis of the functional role of eIF4E in regulating mosaic resistance in sugarcane.
A stochastically weighted operator splitting Monte Carlo (SWOSMC) method for the numerical simulation of complex aerosol dynamic processes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the complex aerosol dynamic processes by using this newly developed stochastically weighted operator splitting Monte Carlo (SWOSMC) method. Design/methodology/approach Stochastically weighted particle method and operator splitting method are coupled to formulate the SWOSMC method for the numerical simulation of particle-fluid systems undergoing the complex simultaneous processes. Findings This SWOSMC method is first validated by comparing its numerical simulation results of constant rate coagulation and linear rate condensation with the corresponding analytical solutions. Coagulation and nucleation cases are further studied whose results are compared with the sectional method in excellent agreement. This SWOSMC method has also demonstrated its high numerical simulation capability when used to deal with simultaneous aerosol dynamic processes including coagulation, nucleation and condensation. Originality/value There always exists conflict and tradeoffs between computational cost and accuracy for Monte Carlo-based methods for the numerical simulation of aerosol dynamics. The operator splitting method has been widely used in solving complex partial differential equations, while the stochastic-weighted particle method has been commonly used in numerical simulation of aerosol dynamics. However, the integration of these two methods has not been well investigated.
The implications of the state’s response to the violent ethnic conflicts in Balochistan

The ethnic conflicts have severely challenged Pakistan's integrity and national security. Ethnic nationalists are entangled with the state over identity issues and their demand for a due share in power and resources. The study aims to explore the nature of the state response to these conflicts and to measure the effects of the state responses on the conflict's dynamics and social environment of Balochistan. The research questions are how the state responded to ethnic conflicts, and what are the implications of the responses on the dynamics of ethnic conflicts? The research is qualitative, descriptive, and interpretive approaches have been used to address the research questions. The material is collected from primary and secondary sources, such as government records, newspapers, books, periodicals, research papers, and websites. The study is significant because it has debated a less debated burning issue of Baloch. The research findings show that Pakistan responded with compromise and dominance, but dominance was always the paramount option. However, dominance has not been a better framework because it has further complicated the conflicts. It is recommended that reconciliation and compromise are better response options because they can positively defuse conflicts and adjust ethnic identities.
Progress in etiological diagnosis of viral meningitis

In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and molecular biochip, the etiological diagnosis of viral encephalitis has a very big step forward. At present, the etiological examination of viral meningitis mainly includes virus isolation, serological detection and molecular biological nucleic acid detection. This article reviews the progress in etiological diagnosis of viral meningitis.
Basic science methods for the characterization of variants of uncertain significance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

With the advent of next-generation whole genome sequencing, many variants of uncertain significance (VUS) have been identified in individuals suffering from inheritable hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Unfortunately, this classification of a genetic variant results in ambiguity in interpretation, risk stratification, and clinical practice. Here, we aim to review some basic science methods to gain a more accurate characterization of VUS in HCM. Currently, many genomic data-based computational methods have been developed and validated against each other to provide a robust set of resources for researchers. With the continual improvement in computing speed and accuracy, in silico molecular dynamic simulations can also be applied in mutational studies and provide valuable mechanistic insights. In addition, high throughput in vitro screening can provide more biologically meaningful insights into the structural and functional effects of VUS. Lastly, multi-level mathematical modeling can predict how the mutations could cause clinically significant organ-level dysfunction. We discuss emerging technologies that will aid in better VUS characterization and offer a possible basic science workflow for exploring the pathogenicity of VUS in HCM. Although the focus of this mini review was on HCM, these basic science methods can be applied to research in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), or other genetic cardiomyopathies.
Comparing the physical parameters of the intermediate and long GRB optical afterglows

József Kóbori∗a, Zsolt Bagolyab, Lajos G. Balázscd , István Horváthb, Dorottya Szécsia a Dept. of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary b Dept. of Physics, Bolyai Military University, H-1581 Budapest, POB 15, Hungary c Dept. of Astronomy, Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary d MTA CSFK Konkoly Observatory, H-1525 Budapest, POB 67, Hungary E-mail: jkobori@caesar.elte. hu
Built environment usability and freshmen’s coping skills: the mediating effect of place attachment

ABSTRACT The current study identifies the mediating effect of place identity and place dependence, dimensions of Place Attachment (PA), on the relationship between Built Environment Usability (BEU) (walkability, control, accessibility, wayfinding) and college Freshmen’s Coping Skills (FCS). Additionally, the differences between native and non-native freshmen regarding PA and coping skills are evaluated. Collected data from surveying 360 freshmen were analyzed using bootstrapping method in Hayes SPSS Process Macron. Results demonstrated a 69% direct effect of BEU on FCS, having ‘wayfinding' as the most influential factor. The partial mediation model is established, with place identity accounting for approximately 52% and place dependence for 78% of the BEU impact on FCS. There is also a significant difference concerning coping skills and PA between native and non-native freshmen. While shedding light on the importance of inclusive design in the college environment, the present outcomes provide a design framework to enhance FCS and PA. Highlights College environment’s walkability, control, accessibility and wayfinding should be considered to provide a usable and inclusive design. Wayfinding is the most influential built environment usability factor on freshmen’s coping skills. Built environment usability’s impact on freshmen’s coping skills is partially mediated by place attachment. Native and non-native freshmen’s coping skills and place attachment differs significantly.
An Output Linear Time Algorithm for Enumerating Chordless Cycles

A cycle C of a graph is called a chordless cycle if the induced subgraph of its vertices is a cycle. In this paper, we consider a problem of enumerating chordless cycles of a given graph G = (V, E), and propose an algorithm taking O(|E |) time for each chordless cycle. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm by computational experiments for random graphs, and show that the computation time is constant per chordless cycle for not so dense random graphs. We also show the number of chordless cycles is quite smaller than the number of cycles for those random graphs. 1 はじめに グラフ G = (V, E)に対して, 頂点と枝の列 v1, (v1, v2), v2, (v2, v3), . , (vk−1, vk) で vi = vj , i = j が成り立つものををパスという。 パスの最初の頂点と最後の頂点に注目し、とくに v1 と vk を結ぶ パスともよぶ。 また、パスの始点 v1 と終点 vk が一致しているものをサイクルとよぶ。 サイクル、 あるいはパスの 2頂点を結ぶ、サイクル・パス自身に含まれない枝をコード といい、コードがない パスをコードレスパス、コードがないサイクルをコードレスサイクルとよぶ。 図 1にコードレスパ スの例を示す。 サイクルの頂点集合からなる集合族を考えたとき、コードレスサイクルの頂点集合 は、この集合族の極小元となる。 本稿では、与えられたグラフ G のコードレスサイクルを列挙する問題を考える。 有機化合物の分 析を行う研究分野では、化合物の結合が導くグラフのサイクルは環構造とよばれ、化合物の性質を 解析する上で重要な働きをする。 グラフには多くのサイクルが含まれるため、特にコードレスサイ クルのみに注目し、コードレスサイクルを列挙して化合物の性質を解析する研究も行われている。 化学シフト値とよばれる指標を予測する際に、コードレスサイクルを列挙して予測制度をあげたと いう研究もある [2]。 グラフのサイクルを列挙するアルゴリズムの研究は、1970年代に Read, Tarjan により行われて いる [1]。 彼らは、入力したグラフ G = (V, E)のサイクルを1つあたり O(|V |+ |E |)時間で列挙す る出力線形時間アルゴリズムを提案している。 出力線形時間アルゴリズムとは、出力する解 1つあ たりの計算時間が入力の多項式であるようなアルゴリズムのことをいう。 しかし、現在までにコー ドレスサイクルの列挙を行うアルゴリズムは研究されていない。 本稿では、コードレスサイクルを
Graph-Based Scenario-Adaptive Lane-Changing Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Driving

Trajectory planning is one of the key challenges to the rapid and large-scale deployment of autonomous driving. The lane-changing trajectory planning algorithm for autonomous driving is typically formulated as a optimization process of a cost function, which can be challenging to manually tune for different traffic scenarios. This letter presents a graph-based scenario-adaptive lane-changing trajectory planning approach that overcomes this challenge. Specifically, the cost function recovery method based on maximum entropy inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is proposed to recover the cost functions of the all demonstrated lane-changing trajectories, and the cost function database is constructed. Then, the scenario matching model based on spatial-temporal graph convolutional network (ST-GCN) is proposed to match the recovered cost functions with the traffic scenarios, making the lane-changing trajectory planning method scenario-adaptive. Our proposed method is evaluated through simulations on the well-known NGSIM dataset and experiments on two typical lane-changing scenarios on the autonomous driving platform. The results show that our method is capable of learning the lane-changing cost function from demonstration and performing scenario-adaptive lane-changing trajectory planning.