Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quadratic Optimization with Orthogonality Constraints: Explicit Lojasiewicz Exponent and Linear Convergence of Line-Search Methods

A fundamental class of matrix optimization problems that arise in many areas of science and engineering is that of quadratic optimization with orthogonality constraints. Such problems can be solved using line-search methods on the Stiefel manifold, which are known to converge globally under mild conditions. To determine the convergence rate of these methods, we give an explicit estimate of the exponent in a Lojasiewicz inequality for the (non-convex) set of critical points of the aforementioned class of problems. By combining such an estimate with known arguments, we are able to establish the linear convergence of a large class of line-search methods. A key step in our proof is to establish a local error bound for the set of critical points, which may be of independent interest.
Demo: virtual director for live event broadcast

We demonstrate the Production Scripting Engine (PSE), a Virtual Director software automatically selecting, framing and cutting camera shots as part of an interactive live broadcast production system. It reasons for multiple viewers with different devices and preferences in parallel within real-time constraints. The PSE takes individual parameters into account and executes a set of pragmatic and cinematographic principles to decide which of the available content is shown. The decision making process is distributed and takes a rule-based approach with exchangable production logic and domain models. The demo uses recorded content from both a high-resolution 180 degree panoramic camera and broadcast cameras. Extracted metadata from both automatic and manual annotation are indexed in an efficient knowledge base, which streams it to the PSE to simulate a live broadcast. We use a specific renderer that allows to view spherical content. Viewers may experience the output on 2 different devices and tweak preferences to adapt the Virtual Director's behavior.
Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in rats following high altitude exposure.

INTRODUCTION Disturbances of circadian rhythms occur at high altitude. We examined the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), considered to be the biological clock in mammals that regulates circadian rhythmicity, in adult rats following an exposure to simulated high altitude. METHODS Male adult Wistar rats weighing 250 g were exposed to an altitude of 8000 m in an altitude chamber, following which they were sacrificed at various time intervals ranging from 45 min to 3 d. Normal rats of similar weight kept outside the chamber were used as controls. Sections of hypothalamus containing the suprachiasmatic nucleus were processed immunohistochemically for expression of Fos, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). RESULTS At 45 min, 4 h, and 24 h following the altitude exposure, a large number of Fos-positive neurons were detected as compared with the control rats in which occasional Fos-positive neurons were observed. Increased expression of nNOS and eNOS was also observed at 45 min and 4 h following the altitude exposure. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the neuronal activation indicated by upregulated expression of Fos and nitric oxide (NO) generated by nNOS may be involved in the disturbed circadian rhythms of the cardiovascular system (e.g., heart rate and BP), hormone secretion, and sleep-wake cycle which occur frequently during sojourns to high altitude. Increased eNOS expression also indicates excess production of NO, which may be involved in vasodialation and increased blood flow to the SCN following the exposure and may also be involved in modulating the circadian rhythms at high altitude.
The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets

ence not only in observing but in combating and ameliorating the ghastly horrors of our city slums, is unequalled. Miss Addams is an optimist in the sanest sense of the word, and she is a philosopher in the most human sense of that term. Her first chapter is an interesting analysis of the motive powers of the young in their relation to the present complicated industrial and social conditions of the poor in our large cities. As she says, "One generation after another has depended upon its young to equip it with gaiety and enthusiasm, to persuade it that living is a pleasure, until
Optimal Imperfect Maintenance in a Multi-state System with Two Failure Types

In this research, we are concerned with the modeling of optimal maintenance actions in multi-state systems with two failure types. We consider an imperfect maintenance model, that is, the impact of a preventive maintenance action is not minimal (as bad as old) and not perfect (as good as new) but lies between these boundary cases. Further, we assume that the costs of maintenance depend on the degree of repair. If a failure occurs, the system is maintained according to the failure type. Minor failures (type I) are removed through minimal repair and after major failures the system have to be replaced. Cost optimal maintenance policies for some cost functions and different discrete lifetime distributions are considered.
The role of thymidylate synthase expression in prognosis and outcome of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.

PURPOSE We assessed the prognostic importance of the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in patients with primary rectal cancer and whether, for Dukes' B and C cancer patients, the benefit of chemotherapy was associated with TS expression. PATIENTS AND METHODS The level of TS expression in the primary rectal cancers of 294 of 801 patients enrolled on protocol R-01 of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) was immunohistochemically assessed with the monoclonal antibody TS 106. RESULTS Forty-nine percent of patients whose tumors had low TS levels (n = 91) were disease free at 5 years compared with 27% of patients with high levels of TS (n = 203; P < .01). Moreover, 60% of patients with low TS levels were alive after 5 years compared with 40% of patients with high TS levels (P < .01). The level of TS protein was significantly associated with Dukes' stage (P < .01); patients with a more advanced Dukes' stage had a significantly higher level of TS. The level of TS expression remained prognostic for both disease-free survival (P < .01) and survival (P < .05) independent of Dukes' stage and other pathologic characteristics evaluated. Thirty-eight percent and 54% of patients with high TS levels (n = 71) were disease free and alive, respectively, after 5 years when treated with chemotherapy, compared with 17% and 31%, respectively, of similar patients when treated with surgery alone (n = 64) (P < .01). No difference was noted in disease-free survival (P = .46) or survival (P = .43) in patients with low TS levels. CONCLUSION The expression of TS is an important independent prognosticator of disease-free survival and survival in patients with rectal cancer. Adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvement in disease-free and overall survival for patients with high TS levels. Prospective studies measuring TS levels will be needed to understand further the role of TS as a prognosticator of survival and chemotherapeutic benefit.
Robust Hamiltonicity of Dirac graphs

A graph is Hamiltonian if it contains a cycle which passes through every vertex of the graph exactly once. A classical theorem of Dirac from 1952 asserts that every graph on n vertices with minimum degree at least n/2 is Hamiltonian. We refer to such graphs as Dirac graphs. In this paper we extend Dirac’s theorem in two directions and show that Dirac graphs are robustly Hamiltonian in a very strong sense. First, we consider a random subgraph of a Dirac graph obtained by taking each edge independently with probability p, and prove that there exists a constant C such that if p ≥ C log n/n, then a.a. s. the resulting random subgraph is still Hamiltonian. Second, we prove that if a (1 : b) Maker-Breaker game is played on a Dirac graph, then Maker can construct a Hamiltonian subgraph as long as the bias b is at most cn/ log n for some absolute constant c > 0. Both of these results are tight up to a constant factor, and are proved under one general framework.
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 bacteroids are not terminally differentiated and show altered O-antigen in nodules of the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade legume Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

In rhizobial species that nodulate inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) legumes, such as the interaction between Sinorhizobium meliloti and Medicago, bacteroid differentiation is driven by an endoreduplication event that is induced by host nodule-specific cysteine rich (NCR) antimicrobial peptides and requires the participation of the bacterial protein BacA. We have studied bacteroid differentiation of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 in three host plants: Glycine max, Cajanus cajan and the IRLC legume Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Flow cytometry, microscopy analyses and viability studies of bacteroids as well as confocal microscopy studies carried out in nodules showed that S. fredii HH103 bacteroids, regardless of the host plant, had deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contents, cellular sizes and survival rates similar to those of free-living bacteria. Contrary to S. meliloti, S. fredii HH103 showed little or no sensitivity to Medicago NCR247 and NCR335 peptides. Inactivation of S. fredii HH103 bacA neither affected symbiosis with Glycyrrhiza nor increased bacterial sensitivity to Medicago NCRs. Finally, HH103 bacteroids isolated from Glycyrrhiza, but not those isolated from Cajanus or Glycine, showed an altered lipopolysaccharide. Our studies indicate that, in contrast to the S. meliloti-Medicago model symbiosis, bacteroids in the S. fredii HH103-Glycyrrhiza symbiosis do not undergo NCR-induced and bacA-dependent terminal differentiation.
Locating Sounds Around the Screen

Today's large-size computer screens can display a wealth of information easily enough to overload the user's visual perceptual channel. Looking for a remedy for this effect, we research into providing additional acoustic cues through surround sound speakers mounted around the screen. In this paper, we demonstrate the results of user evaluations of interaction with screen elements using the surround-screen setup. Results of these tests have shown that applying surround-screen sound can enhance response times in a simple task, and that users can localize the approximate origin of a sound when played back with this technique.
Vectorial synthesis of a polysaccharide by isolated plasma membranes.

To ascertain the directionality of chitin synthesis by yeast plasma membranes, the external surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts was labeled with ferritin--concanavalin A. After protoplast lysis, plasma membranes were isolated and treated with trypsin to activate chitin synthase (UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:chitin 4-beta-acetamidodeoxy-D-glucosyl-transferase, EC 2.4.1.16). The membranes were then enrobed in agar and allowed to synthesize chitin from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. After fixation and embedding in Epon, thin sections were stained for chitin with wheat germ agglutinin--colloidal gold complexes. The chitin marker was found near the ferritin-labeled external face of the membrane--i.e., the polysaccharide was located on the outside of the membrane, as it is in the intact cell. Chitin synthase activity was not detected in intact protoplasts before or after treatment with trypsin. The enzyme became available to trypsin activation after lysis of the protoplasts. Together with similar, previously reported experiments on the inactivation of chitin synthase by glutaraldehyde, these results indicate that the enzyme faces the interior of the cell. We conclude that, both in vivo and in vitro, the synthase receives N-acetylglucosamine residues from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane and transfers them vectorially to a growing chain of chitin that is concomitantly extruded to the outside.
Experimental Study of High Reynolds' Number Flows Between Narrow Gaps

Abstract High Reynolds' number flows between narrow gaps are very common in the reaction injection mold filling process (RIM) where low viscosity polymers are injected into thin mold cavities in relatively short time intervals. The resulting short cycle times have given RIM advantages over other manufacturing techniques in the polymer industry. In addition to the lower temperatures encountered during the RIM process, the low material viscosities enables mold filling using smaller injection pressures and mold clamping forces than in the conventional thermoplastic injection mold filling process. Considering the low viscosity of the injected fluid, short injection times and considerably large parts, such as automotive body panels, it is clear that in RIM processes inertia effects are not negligible. In fact Reynolds' numbers in such processes can reach 10 and above. This paper presents an experimental study performed on the high Reynolds' number flows between narrow gaps. First, the general equations that govern such flows are derived and written in dimensionless form. The magnitudes and influence of inertia forces, surface tension and viscous forces are analyzed in terms of Reynolds' number, capillary number and Weber number. The theoretical background is followed by a short explanation of the experimental set-up. Several experiments are shown in different mold configurations and at various mold filling speeds. The results showed that inertia greatly influences the mold filling pattern and capillary effects are a major cause of air bubble entrapment.
Research on microcracks avoidance in processing of α-Al2O3 by ultrashort laser pulses

The optical crystal α-Al2O3 has been widely used as the matrix of ruby and blue sapphire for its wide transparency, high thermal conductivity, big scale and low cost. α-Al2O3 is so hard that cutter is easily abraded. Micromachining of α-Al2O3 by ultrashort pulsed laser is superior to the traditional mechanical approach as its non-contact and cold machining features. However, unexpected cracks on the surface of α-Al2O3 are observed after femtosecond laser machining. In order to hinder the crack source from stretching, we optimize the laser parameters accompanied with annealing. The crack-free machining can be achieved. Three-dimensional α-Al2O3 microstructures free from fracture, such as cylinder, barrel and sphere are demonstrated.
Eukaryotic DNA repair: Glimpses through the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Eukaryotic cells are able to mount several genetically complex cellular responses to DNA damage. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a genetically well characterized organism that is also amenable to molecular and biochemical studies. Hence, this organism has provided a useful and informative model for dissecting the biochemistry and molecular biology of DNA repair in eukaryotes.
A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis

Abstract Somatic embryogenesis is a form of induced plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from somatic or vegetative cells in the absence of fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to stress or growth regulator treatments. Molecular genetics studies have also shown that ectopic expression of specific embryo‐ and meristem‐expressed transcription factors or loss of certain chromatin‐modifying proteins induces spontaneous somatic embryogenesis. We begin this review with a general description of the major developmental events that define plant somatic embryogenesis and then focus on the transcriptional regulation of this process in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis). We describe the different somatic embryogenesis systems developed for arabidopsis and discuss the roles of transcription factors and chromatin modifications in this process. We describe how these somatic embryogenesis factors are interconnected and how their pathways converge at the level of hormones. Furthermore, the similarities between the developmental pathways in hormone‐ and transcription‐factor‐induced tissue culture systems are reviewed in the light of our recent findings on the somatic embryo‐inducing transcription factor BABY BOOM.
Learning FRAME Models Using CNN Filters

The convolutional neural network (ConvNet or CNN) has proven to be very successful in many tasks such as those in computer vision. In this conceptual paper, we study the generative perspective of the discriminative CNN. In particular, we propose to learn the generative FRAME (Filters, Random field, And Maximum Entropy) model using the highly expressive filters pre-learned by the CNN at the convolutional layers. We show that the learning algorithm can generate realistic and rich object and texture patterns in natural scenes. We explain that each learned model corresponds to a new CNN unit at a layer above the layer of filters employed by the model. We further show that it is possible to learn a new layer of CNN units using a generative CNN model, which is a product of experts model, and the learning algorithm admits an EM interpretation with binary latent variables.
Timed Automata with Periodic Clock Constraints

The traditional constraints on the clocks of a timed automaton are based on real intervals, e. g. , the value of a clock belongs to the interval (0; 1). Here, we introduce a new set of constraints, which we call \periodic", and which are based on regularly repeated real intervals, e. g. , the value modulo 2 of a clock belongs to the interval (0; 1) which means that it belongs to (0; 1) or (2; 3) or (4; 5) . Automata with these new constraints have greater expressive power than the au-tomata with traditional sets while satissability remains decidable. We address questions concerning-moves: simulation of automata with periodic constraints by au-tomata with traditional constraints and removal of-moves under certain conditions. Then, we enrich our model by introducing \count-down" clocks and show that the expressive power is not increased. Finally, we study three special cases: 1) all transitions reset clocks, 2) no transition reset clocks, and 3) the time domain is discrete and prove the decidability of the inclusion problem under each of these hypotheses.
Scheduling using Genetic Algorithm

Note: This thesis was started by two students, and later they changed their directions, therefore content similarities can be considered as a combine work.Abstract. The automated timetabling and scheduling is one of the hardest problem areas. This is because of constraints and satisfying those constraints to get the feasible and optimized schedule, and it is already proved as an NP Complete (1) [1]. The basic idea behind this study is to investigate the performance of Genetic Algorithm on general scheduling problem under predefined constraints and check the validity of results, and then having comparative analysis with other available approaches like Tabu search, simulated annealing, direct and indirect heuristics [2] and expert system. It is observed that Genetic Algorithm is good solution technique for solving such problems and later analysis will prove this argument. The program is written in C++ and analysis is done by using variation in various parameters. (1) In computational complexity theory, the complexity class NP-complete (abbreviated NP-C or NPC, NP standing for Nondeterministic Polynomial time) is a class of problems having two properties: • Any given solution to the problem can be verified quickly (in polynomial time); the set of problems with this property is called NP. • If the problem can be solved quickly (in polynomial time), then so can every problem in NP. Although any given solution to such a problem can be verified quickly, there is no known efficient way to locate a solution in the first place; indeed, the most notable characteristic of NP-complete problems is that no fast solution to them is known. That is, the time required to solve the problem using any currently known algorithm increases very quickly as the size of the problem grows.
Complications of Reamed Intramedullary Nailing of the Tibia

Summary A retrospective review of 60 acute fractures of the tibia treated with reamed intramedullary nailing was undertaken to document the spectrum of complications associated with this procedure. Forty-five tibial fractures were followed to radiographic union; follow-up averaged 25 months (range, 10–63 months). Complications were categorized into intraoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative groups. Intraoperative complications occurred in 6 of the 60 (10%) fractures and included propagation of the tibial fracture into the insertion site of the nail in four cases. In each of two other fractures, at least one of the proximal interlocking screws was documented to have poor bony purchase. These complications did not affect final fracture alignment or clinical result. Early complications included soft-tissue complications, complications of fixation, and neurologic complications. Four patients developed hematomas at the nail insertion site. Eight fractures were stabilized in greater than 5° of varus or valgus. Neurologic deficits directly related to the procedure were documented in 18 patients (30%). The majority were minor sensory neuropraxias of the peroneal nerve. Sixteen (89%) of these nerve palsies were transient, resolving within 3–6 months. Two patients had persistent nerve deficits at 1-year follow-up. In the late complications group, 10 of the 45 (22%) tibial fractures followed to union developed patellar tendinitis. Nonunion developed in two fractures, both of which required additional surgical procedures to obtain fracture union. Two deep infections occurred, both of which resolved after local wound care, fracture union, and nail removal. Overall, 26 of the 45 tibial fractures available for follow-up (58%) developed some complication attributable to the procedure. The majority of these complications were minor and did not affect the long-term clinical result. However, the operative surgeon needs to be aware of the significant potential for complications with this procedure.
Characterization of nanophase Al‐oxide/Al powders by electron energy‐loss spectroscopy

Al nanoparticles were prepared by the inert gas condensation method. After passivation with oxygen and air exposure we obtained a powdered sample of an Al‐oxide/Al nanocomposite material. In the present paper we describe the use of the electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique in a transmission electron microscope to characterize such nanostructured powders compared with a microcrystalline commercial aluminium foil. Energy‐filtered images showed the presence of an alumina overlayer of ≈ 4 nm covering the aluminium nanoparticles (23 nm in diameter). EELS analysis enabled us to determine the total amount of Al2O3 and metallic Al and the structure of the alumina passivation overlayer in the sample. In particular, the extended energy‐loss fine structure analysis of the data showed a major presence of Al tetrahedrally coordinated with oxygen in the alumina passivation layer of Al nanoparticles instead of the octahedral coordination found for a conventional Al foil. This surprising effect has been attributed to the nanoscopic character of the grains. The analysis of the electron‐loss near‐edge structure also determines the presence of a certain degree of aggregation in this kind of powdered sample as result of the coalescence of the nanocrystalline grains. The procedure presented here may have the potential to solve other problems during characterization of nanostructured materials.
Analysis of receiver algorithms for lte LTE SC-FDMA based uplink MIMO systems

This letter derives mathematical expressions for the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of uplink Single Carrier (SC) Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) multiuser MIMO systems. An improved frequency domain receiver algorithm is derived for the studied systems, and is shown to be significantly superior to the conventional linear MMSE based receiver in terms of SINR and bit error rate (BER) performance.