Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SD OCT Features of Dry Arcuate Longstanding Retinal Folds

We read with interest the case report by Pierro et al (1) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of dry arcuate longstanding retinal folds. The authors describe the appearance of hyperreflective lesions of the outer retina with indentation of the overlying retina which was associated with thickening of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) and vitreoretinal adhesion. We have also recently followed 13 patients with retinal folds following vitrectomy for acute rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (submitted). We have found identical outer retinal lesions that disappear over time (Fig. 1), but leave behind the inner retinal changes which signify a relative rigidity or certainly slower recovery of the inner retinal layer compared to the outer retina. Therefore, it may be the hyperreflective lesion lifting the inner retina initially, but it is probably not the outer retinal lesion which is causing the inner retinal undulation to occur in the long term. The ILM thickening and vitreoretinal adhesions would better be described as the beginnings of an epiretinal membrane or proliferative vitreoretinopathy as frequently seen in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. This was not found in any of our cases. The authors also quote Kertes and Peyman (2) in describing previously published works of dry arcuate folds which is incorrect as this article describes 2 cases of tractional folds from a toxocara scar and another due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Knockdown of Med 19 Suppresses Proliferation and Enhances Chemo-sensitivity to Cisplatin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a malignant tumor type with a high rate of relapse and metastasis, is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite aggressive approaches to treatment of lung cancer, the prognosis of NSCLC patients is still poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 5-14% (Khuri et al., 2001). This is usually due to the fact that most patients with this disease receive a late diagnosis and experience a relapse because of the chemoresistance (Rosell et al., 2006; Jang et al., 2009). Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for NSCLC. The mediator (Med) complex, an essential component of the RNA polymerase II (pol II)-mediated transcription complex, plays a crucial role in the stimulation of basal transcription and regulation of eukaryotic mRNA synthesis, which underpins cell proliferation, development, differentiation, and maintenance (Conaway et al., 2005; Conaway et al., 2005; Casamassimi et al., 2007). Med is a crescent-shaped complex consisting of head, middle, tail modules and highly conserved from yeast to mammals in evolution (Boube et al., 2002). As a multi-protein coactivator, Med consists of about 30 subunits that can interact with transcriptional activators, such as p53, SP1 and VP16 (Malik et al., 2005; Vojnic et al., 2011). Human Med19 gene, also known as “lung cancer metastasis related
Convergent and Divergent Perspective

Use of divergent (or inverse) perspective in pictures is often regarded as arbitrary or even as erroneous in spite of the fact that entire schools of art exist in which this kind of perspective is regularly used. An experiment is reported which shows that a significant trend towards divergent perspective is experienced by subjects viewing laterally displaced three-dimensional arrays. Centrally viewed arrays show the expected perceptual convergence. It is therefore argued that divergent perspective, under appropriate conditions, is as perceptually legitimate an experience as convergent perspective.
Tactile Aphasia: A Hundred-Year-Old Controversy

The notion of tactile aphasia as it was introduced by Raymond and Egger in 1906 did not find ready acceptance. Many aphasiologists doubted the clinical reality of tactile aphasia. in 1962, however, Geschwind and Kaplan revived the notion, and in 1965 Geschwind claimed that many cases which in the past had been construed as instances of tactile agnosia were in fact instances of tactile aphasia. in the ensuing years, commissurotomized patients were reported who were said to have tactile aphasia on the left. Critical review of these cases shows, however, that the patients had a tactile recogniton impairment rather than tactile aphasia. Together with recent reports of patients supposed to have optic aphasia, this review casts serious doubt on the reality of modality-specific aphasia.
Colorectal Cancer Causes and Treatments: A Minireview

Colon cancer is the cancer of the epithelial cells lining the colon. This type of cancer occurs in many people that are either genetically predisposed or exposed to risk factors. Colorectal cancer is mainly divided into different stages according to invasiveness and metastatic ability of the tumor. Many mutations are acquired, leading to this malignancy. Treatment of colorectal cancer range from surgery in early stages to palliative care in most advanced stages. In this minireview, we summarize the latest findings on colorectal cancer.
Kernel Regression Based Machine Translation

We present a novel machine translation framework based on kernel regression techniques. In our model, the translation task is viewed as a string-to-string mapping, for which a regression type learning is employed with both the source and the target sentences embedded into their kernel induced feature spaces. We report the experiments on a French-English translation task showing encouraging results.
Attachment theory in clinical work with children bridging the gap between research and practice

Alvarez, A. (1992). Live company: Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with autistic, borderline, deprived and abused children. London: Routledge. Alvarez, A. (1996). Addressing the element of deficit in children with autism: Psychotherapy which is both psychoanalytically and developmentally informed. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1, 525–537. Alvarez, A. (2009). The case of Luisa. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 29, 10. Bettelheim, B. (1967). The empty fortress: Infantile autism and the birth of self. New York, NY: The Free Press. Cottis, T. (2009). Love hurts: The emotional impact of intellectual disability and sexual abuse on a family. In T. Cottis (Ed.), Intellectual disability, trauma and psychotherapy (pp. 75–89). London: Routledge. Edwards, J. (Ed.). (2001). Being alive: Building on the work of Anne Alvarez. London: Brunner-Routledge. Happe, F. , & Frith, U. (2009). The beautiful otherness of the autistic mind. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences, 364, 1345–1350. Kanner, L. (1949). Problems of nosology and psychodynamics of early infantile autism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 19, 416–426. Symington, N. (1992). Countertransference with mentally handicapped clients. In A. Waitman & S. Conboy-Hill (Eds.), Psychotherapy and mental handicap. London: Sage Publications.
Adaptationism and the anthropoid postcranium: Selection does not govern the length of the radial neck

The length of the radial neck has been assumed to vary in living and extinct primates in accordance with its role as a moment arm during flexion by the m. biceps brachii. We here use a simple developmental approach to investigate whether or not this trait does, in fact, vary in such a manner. We find, instead, that virtually all variation in radial neck length is explicable as a simple correlate of overall body size, and that there is no evidence to conclude that selection has separately modified radial neck length in response to differing locomotor patterns. Further implications for the interpretation of mammalian skeletal morphology are briefly discussed. J. Morphol. 246:59–67, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Their Therapeutic Implications

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is assumed to be an autoimmune disease initiated by autoreactive T cells that recognize central nervous system antigens. Although adaptive immunity is clearly involved in MS pathogenesis, innate immunity increasingly appears to be implicated in the disease. We and others have presented evidence that natural killer (NK) cells may be involved in immunoregulation in MS, leading to the question of whether a particular NK cell subtype will account for this effect. Changes of NK cell functionality in MS were associated with MS activity, and depletion of NK cells exacerbated the course of disease in a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Several studies described a deficiency and transient “valleys” in NK cell killing activity in human MS, which may coincide with symptomatic relapse. However, the molecular basis of the defect in killing activity has not been determined. We discuss results on the expression of perforin in CD16+ NK cells and the existence of an inverse relationship between myelin loaded phagocytes and the proportion of CD16+ NK cells expressing perforin in the circulation. This inverse relationship is consistent with a role for NK cell killing activity in dampening autoimmunity. On the other hand, it has been broadly reported that first line MS therapies, such as interferon-beta, glatiramer acetate as well as escalation therapies such as fingolimod, daclizumab, or mitoxantrone seem to affect NK cell functionality and phenotype in vivo. Therefore, in this review we consider evidence for the immunoregulatory role of NK cells in MS and its animal models. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of MS treatments on NK cell activity.
Automatic generation of object-oriented code from DEVS graphical specifications

The paper presents an approach to automatically generate object-oriented code from DEVS graphical model specification. Afterward the generated DEVS code is given to the LSIS DME DEVS simulator to execute the corresponding behavior. This research is driven by the idea that the user of M&S, even not computer scientist and/or beginner in formal modeling like DEVS can increase his trust in the models he creates and the simulation results he is able to obtain due to the fact he is directly involved at the modeling stage and not anymore interfaced with an intermediate actor (modeler or programmer expert) that would interpret user requirements in the modeling and simulation activities. Using the proposed tool with its user friendly framework and appropriate graphical items, the user is capable to skip learning installation set up and user manual to rapidly develop his own DEVS models, to carry out simulations and to analyze them.
Compact codebook design for visual scene recognition by Sequential Input Space Carving

We present a novel approach to the design of codebooks in patch-based, bag-of-feature visual scene recognition problems. The Sequential Input Space Carving (SISC) approach we present achieves compact codebooks in a fraction of the computation time needed by the k-means clustering method usually employed in this setting. We demonstrate the performance of the SISC using several recognition tasks including the PASCAL VOC challenge, human action classification tasks using the KTH and WEIZMANN datasets and texture classification tasks using the UIUC, and CUReT datasets. In all these, the SISC approach achieves classification performances comparable to those reported by other authors, and sometimes outperforms them, in a fraction of the computing time and at significantly smaller codebook sizes.
Switching fuzzy model construction based on optimal dividing planes

This paper presents switching fuzzy model construction based on optimal dividing planes. In our previou papers, we proposed the switching fuzzy model with arbitrary dividing planes. However, dividing planes have been selected by controller designers before constructing the switching fuzzy model. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find suitable dividing planes for complicated nonlinear systems. Moreover, the switching fuzzy models constructed from different dividing planes are different. Therefore, the model construction affects the stability analysis results. In this paper, we propose switching fuzzy model construction method using multi-dimensional sector nonlinearity concept based on optimal dividing planes. The linear consequent parts of the switching fuzzy model based on optimal dividing planes are constructed from sectors which have minimum distance between a nonlinear system and sectors, and have richer information of the nonlinear system than the consequent parts of the ordinary Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. Two examples are provided to illustrate the validity of this approach.
Article Commentary: Averaged Faces Are Attractive, but Very Attractive Faces Are Not Average

In a recent article, Langlois and Roggman (1990) argue that “attractive faces are only average” and support this theory with composite faces produced by digitized image processing. While we agree with their premise that average(d) faces should be seen as attractive, we believe there are good reasons to expect very attractive faces to be atypical in some ways. Their paper provides evidence that averaged faces are relatively attractive, but other evidence convinces us that facial attractiveness is not simply a function of the prototypicality of faces. Furthermore, the use of composite faces to study the attractiveness of averaged faces produces results that are difficult to interpret. In this commentary, we argue that existing theory and data provide good evidence that atypical characteristics can enhance facial attractiveness. We discuss some of the (1) theoretical reasons why the most average facial appearance will not be ideally attractive; (2) data that indicate that the most average facial appearance is not the most attractive; and (3) limitations and weaknesses of the method used by Langlois and Roggman.
Quality Management Practice in Higher Education -- What Quality Are We Actually Enhancing?

There is still no consensus on how best to measure and manage quality within higher education institutions (HEIs). Thus a variety of approaches have been adopted. This paper presents a review of current quality management practices within HEIs. The review identifies a reliance on industrial models. These are applied with only partial success and identified limitations suggest a need for refinement, particularly in relation to the centrality of student learning within HE.
The Occupational Status of American-Born Chinese Male College Graduates

The occupations of American-born Chinese graduates are determined on the basis of a sample that covers one-third of all in the United States. When compared with their own fathers and brothers, the graduates are shown to have entered more often the professions and other occupations enjoying high status. Sons of fathers in the professions themselves enter the professions. Though one-half the graduates are the sons of businessmen, they themselves rarely carry on in business. They enter business less frequently than do non-Chinese graduates. Three-quarters work outside Chinese communities.
Collaborative Event-Region and Boundary-Region Detections in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, the problem of event-region detection and the related problem of boundary-region detection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are explored. Decentralized detection techniques are developed to tackle these problems. In contrast to the standard decentralized detection where all sensors observe a homogeneous phenomenon, sensor nodes considered here could observe heterogeneous regions, and the underlying phenomena at sensor nodes can be correlated. Each node makes its decisions regarding which region it locates and/or if it is a boundary sensor. In particular, a space-memory fusion rule that considers both space-memory information and local detection performance is derived for event-region detection. The proposed fusion rule performs in a sequential manner. Communication constraints and possible sensor faults, which are important issues in WSNs, are integrated in the design of the space-memory fusion rule. Specifically, a low-communication-rate sensor fusion approach is derived by incorporating the communication cost in either a Bayesian risk or a constrained optimization formulation. The a priori sensor-fault model is adopted to address the issue of fault-tolerance capability. The problem of boundary-region detection is transformed into boundary-sensor detection, which is then formulated as a binary-hypothesis-testing problem. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed fusion rule in both event-region and boundary-region detections.
Expression of AR associated protein 55 (ARA55) and androgen receptor in prostate cancer

Androgen receptor (AR) transcription is modulated by several cofactors such as AR associated proteins (ARA) including ARA70, ARA54, and ARA55. ARA55 increases AR transcription and alters ligand specificity. We hypothesized that ARA55 might play an important role in prostate cancer development or progression. We evaluated the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of ARA55 in prostate cancer tissues, and analyzed the relation between ARA55 expression and clinical characteristics.
Parallelism of Evolutionary Design of Image Filters for Evolvable Hardware Using GPU

Evolvable Hardware (EHW) is a combination of evolutionary algorithm and reconfigurable hardware devices. Due to its flexible and adaptive ability, EHW-based solutions receive a lot of attention in industrial applications. One of the obstacles to realize an EHW-based method is its very long training time. This study deals with the parallelism of EHW-based design of image filters using graphic processing units (GPUs). The design process is analyzed and decomposed into some smaller processes that can run in parallel. Pixel-based data for training and verifying EHW solutions are partitioned according to the architecture of GPU. Several strategies for deploying parallel processes are developed and implemented. With the proposed method, significant improvements on the efficiency of training EHW models are gained. Using a GPU with 240 cores, a speedup of 64 times is obtained. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of the proposed method with other ones.
Inducible Overexpression of GLUT1 Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Attenuates Structural Remodeling in Pressure Overload but Does Not Prevent Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Background Increased glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression and glucose utilization that accompany pressure overload‐induced hypertrophy (POH) are believed to be cardioprotective. Moreover, it has been shown that lifelong transgenic overexpression of GLUT1 in the heart prevents cardiac dysfunction after aortic constriction. The relevance of this model to clinical practice is unclear because of the life‐long duration of increased glucose metabolism. Therefore, we sought to determine if a short‐term increase in GLUT1‐mediated myocardial glucose uptake would still confer cardioprotection if overexpression occurred at the onset of POH. Methods and Results Mice with cardiomyocyte‐specific inducible overexpression of a hemagglutinin (HA)‐tagged GLUT1 transgene (G1HA) and their controls (Cont) were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) 2 days after transgene induction with doxycycline (DOX). Analysis was performed 4 weeks after TAC. Mitochondrial function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and mRNA expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes were reduced in Cont mice, but were maintained in concert with increased glucose utilization in G1HA following TAC. Despite attenuated adverse remodeling in G1HA relative to control TAC mice, cardiac hypertrophy was exacerbated in these mice, and positive dP/dt (in vivo) and cardiac power (ex vivo) were equivalently decreased in Cont and G1HA TAC mice compared to shams, consistent with left ventricular dysfunction. O‐GlcNAcylation of Ca2+ cycling proteins was increased in G1HA TAC hearts. Conclusions Short‐term cardiac specific induction of GLUT1 at the onset of POH preserves mitochondrial function and attenuates pathological remodeling, but exacerbates the hypertrophic phenotype and is insufficient to prevent POH‐induced cardiac contractile dysfunction, possibly due to impaired calcium cycling.
Toward a comprehensive theory of child sexual abuse: A theory knitting perspective

Abstract In recent years a number of multifactorial theories of child sexual abuse have been developed. The most influential are Finkelhor's (1984) Precondition Model of child sexual abuse; Hall and Hirschman's (1992) Quadripartite Model; and Marshall and Barbaree's Integrated Theory (1990). While all three of these important theories have a number of strengths, each has serious weaknesses that limit its ability to provide a satisfactory explanation of child sexual abuse. In this paper we attempt to integrate the best elements of the three theories into a comprehensive etiological theory, or at least the beginnings of such a theory. After outlining the concept of theory knitting we briefly summarise each of the multifactorial theories and their major strengths and weaknesses. We then develop a comprehensive theoretical framework (the Pathways Model) integrating both the overlapping and unique elements of these broad perspectives with some additional concepts derived from various psychological domains. In the final section of the paper we consider the adequacy of the Pathways Model.
Large packaged application software maintenance: a research framework

This paper seeks to stimulate research on large application package software maintenance by presenting a tentative framework for future research in the area, partially instantiating that framework with examples from the papers in this special issue of the Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution, highlighting other specific areas of research need and neglect, and posing a long list of related research questions. The user-organization-centric research framework captures relevant and interacting factors that can impact maintenance strategy, including software-source, support-source, and organizational and environmental contexts. These are viewed from the perspectives of four key stakeholders in the new distributed maintenance arrangement. In addition to the user-organization, stakeholders include the software vendor, third-party service providers, and society. Key messages from the paper include: maintenance generates benefits as well as costs; all stakeholders must have a lifecycle-wide view of maintenance costs and benefits; there is value in understanding all stakeholder perspectives; various software and related support sourcing alternatives have substantial maintenance incidence implications (incidence of costs, benefits, and responsibilities); and maintenance knowledge sourcing decisions should be made in the light of lifecycle-wide maintenance knowledge requirements.
Using News Broadcasts in the ESL/EFL Classroom.

This presentation reports on the independent experiences of an EFL instructor in Germany and an ESL instructor in the States using TV and radio broadcasts in the classroom. The videotaped broadcasts consisted of BBC's "News of the Week," a weekly in-depth broadcast; those used for the audio presentation were two-minute news capsules from station KFWB in Los Angeles. Particular emphasis was placed on various techniques to adapt the taped broadcasts for the classroom and on various types of materials used to complement an audio or video-taped presentation. Discussion centers on the use of simple short-answer questions, true-false questions, short essay questions, and cloze passages to assure student comprehension of the broadcast. A further phenomenon explored is the degree of vocabulary recycling noted by both instructors during their in-class use of news broadcasts. The instructors present their findings on the positive aspects of the presentations, including improved student comprehension of broadcasts, increased interest on their part in issues, and better understanding of the government and institutions of the target culture.