Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH DEBRIS DISK CATALOG. I. CONTINUUM ANALYSIS OF UNRESOLVED TARGETS

During the Spitzer Space Telescope cryogenic mission, Guaranteed Time Observers, Legacy Teams, and General Observers obtained Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) observations of hundreds of debris disk candidates. We calibrated the spectra of 571 candidates, including 64 new IRAS and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) debris disks candidates, modeled their stellar photospheres, and produced a catalog of excess spectra for unresolved debris disks. For 499 targets with IRS excess but without strong spectral features (and a subset of 420 targets with additional MIPS 70 μm observations), we modeled the IRS (and MIPS data) assuming that the dust thermal emission was well-described using either a one- or two-temperature blackbody model. We calculated the probability for each model and computed the average probability to select among models. We found that the spectral energy distributions for the majority of objects (∼66%) were better described using a two-temperature model with warm (Tgr ∼ 100–500 K) and cold (Tgr ∼ 50–150 K) dust populations analogous to zodiacal and Kuiper Belt dust, suggesting that planetary systems are common in debris disks and zodiacal dust is common around host stars with ages up to ∼1 Gyr. We found that younger stars generally have disks with larger fractional infrared luminosities and higher grain temperatures and that higher-mass stars have disks with higher grain temperatures. We show that the increasing distance of dust around debris disks is inconsistent with self-stirred disk models, expected if these systems possess planets at 30–150 AU. Finally, we illustrate how observations of debris disks may be used to constrain the radial dependence of material in the minimum mass solar nebula.
A 28nm 57.6TOPS/W Attention-based NN Processor with Correlative Computing-in-Memory Ring and Dataflow-reshaped Digital-assisted Computing-in-Memory Array

Computing-in-memory (CIM) is an attractive approach for energy-efficient neural network (NN) processors. Attention mechanisms shows great performance in NLP and CV by capturing contextual knowledge from the entire tokens (X). The attention mechanism is essentially a content-based similarity search by computing attention probabilities (P) and final attention results (Att). For P, first, the query (Q) and the key (K) are computed by X and weight matrices $(\text{W}_{Q}, \text{W}_{K})$ respectively. Then, Q is multiplied by $\text{K}^{T}($ QxK $^{T})$ for the attention score (S). Finally, P is computed by Softmax-activating S. For Att, V is obtained by multiplying X and a weight matrix $(\text{W}_{V})$, and then, Att is computed by multiplying P and $\text{V}(\text{P}\times \text{V})$. As shown in Fig. 1, previous CIM chips face several challenges for P and Att computing [1, 2]. First, CIM shows great advantages only if multiplying a fixed matrix. But in P and Att computing, $\text{W}_{Q}$, $\text{W}_{K}, \text{W}_{V}$ are fixed, involving in 15% computations in Longformer. Thus, most computations mismatch the traditional paradigm of CIM. Second, in QxK $^{T}$, 34.7% of the computations are redundant as many near-zeros from Softmax become zero after quantization. Third, CIM macros perform inner product naturally. For Att, V is generated row-by-row (i.e., token-wise), but in $\text{P}\times \text{V}$, a column of V is left-multiplied by P (i.e., tokenacross). Only when V has been fully generated, can CIM macros perform $\text{P}\times \text{V}$. Thus, Att computing cannot be fully pipelined, reducing system throughput. This paper presents a processor named AttCIM that solves these issues with three key features: 1) A correlative CIM ring (CRCIMR) to avoid it to load dynamically generated matrices. 2) A Softmax-based speculate unit (SSU) to eliminate redundant computations in $\text{Q}\times \text{K}^{T}$. 3) A dataflow-reshaped digital-assisted CIM-array (DRCIMA) to achieve fully pipelined computations in $\text{P}\times \text{V}$.
Constitutions, minorities and superdiversity

Superdiversity is an interesting concept that needs to be incorporated into the field of legal sciences. A comparative analysis of the European Constitutions shows that constitutional references to culturally based minorities reflect the particular political context of each country, although there is a correspondence between the categories generally employed in comparative constitutional law and those in common use in international institutions. In addition to the cultural elements that characterise minorities (language, ethnicity, religion, nationality), other identity factors such as sex (gender), physical appearance (phenotype), opinions or convictions and social or economic status are generally included in anti-discrimination provisions. However, other elements that are relevant to the idea of superdiversity, such as place of residence within an urban environment and employment status, hardly appear in the European constitutional texts. If superdiversity is implemented without calibrating it to each context it may pose a threat to the fair and appropriate treatment of traditional minorities.
Microbial characterization of cow pat pit and biodynamic preparations used in biodynamic agriculture

As of today, biodynamic agriculture is practised across 60 countries of the world. Cow pat pit (CPP) and biodynamic preparations (BD) are the key components of biodynamic agriculture. However, there a is dearth of scientific explanation on account of their mode of action. CPP and BD preparations are very effective in compost production, soil health management and eventually, enhancing the yield and quality of crop produce. Efficacies of these preparations were evaluated with isolation and characterization of beneficial microbes. Study revealed that CPP contained maximum gram positive and gram negative bacteria (184 Â± 14 Ã— 105cfu/g), (225 Â± 9 Ã— 105cfu/g) and Rhizobium (310 Â± 24 Ã— 107cfu/g), while BD-507 contained the highest number of actinomycetes (792 Â± 194 Ã— 106cfu/g) and Azotobacter (201 Â± 14 Ã— 105cfu/g) among the all preparations. Actinomycetes isolated from CPP and BD-507, showed ammonia, indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore and HCN producing activities. Out of total isolated microbes from CPP and BD preparations, 9 isolates showed high ammonia, 23 IAA, 18 siderophore and 12 HCN producing activities. Based on the study, it may be suggested that CPP and BD preparations may be used as bio-inoculants and combined with compost in organic production of various crops.
Genome-Wide Identification of Aquaporin Genes in Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) and Expression Analysis under Drought Stress

The adzuki bean Vigna angularis (Wild.) is an important leguminous crop cultivated mainly for food purposes in Asian countries; it represents a source of carbohydrates, digestible proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Aquaporins (AQPs) are crucial membrane proteins involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water and small solutes in all living organisms, including plants. In this study, we used the whole genome sequence of the adzuki bean for in silico analysis to comprehensively identify 40 Vigna angularis aquaporin (VaAQP) genes and reveal how these plants react to drought stress. VaAQPs were compared with AQPs from other closely-related leguminous plants, and the results showed that mustard (Brassica rapa) (59), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) (46), soybean (Glycine max) (66), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (41) had more AQP genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that forty VaAQPs belong to five subfamilies, with the VaPIPs (fifteen) subfamily the largest, followed by the VaNIPs (ten), VaTIPs (ten), VaSIPs (three), and VaXIPs (two) subfamilies. Furthermore, all AQP subcellular locations were found at the plasma membrane, and intron–exon analysis revealed a relationship between the intron number and gene expression, duplication, evolution, and diversity. Among the six motifs identified, motifs one, two, five, and six were prevalent in VaTIP, VaNIP, VaPIP, and VaXIP, while motifs one, three, and four were not observed in VaPIP1-3 and VaPIP1-4. Under drought stress, two of the VaAQPs (VaPIP2-1 and VaPIP2-5) showed significantly higher expression in the root tissue while the other two genes (VaPIP1-1 and VaPIP1-7) displayed variable expression in leaf tissue. This finding revealed that the selected VaAQPs might have unique molecular functions linked with the uptake of water under drought stress or in the exertion of osmoregulation to transport particular substrates rather than water to protect plants from drought. This study presents the first thorough investigation of VaAQPs in adzuki beans, and it reveals the transport mechanisms and related physiological processes that may be utilized for the development of drought-tolerant adzuki bean cultivars.
The Near-Infrared Extinction Law and Limits on the Pre-Main-Sequence Population of the ρ Ophiuchi Dark Cloud

We describe new techniques to measure the near-infrared extinction law and to place limits on the pre–main-sequence stellar population of a dark cloud. We analyze JHK imaging data for the central 1 deg2 of the ρ Ophiuchi cloud core and show that nearly all stars projected onto regions of low CS intensity, ICS ≤ 10 K km s-1, are background stars. Most sources at larger CS intensities lie within cloud material. We use the background stars to derive the slope of the near-IR extinction law, EJ - H/EH - K = 1.57 ± 0.03. This result is consistent with previous extinction laws but has a factor of 2–3 smaller uncertainty. The new ρ Oph extinction law yields strong constraints on the number of previously undiscovered pre–main-sequence stars in the cloud, 46 ± 11, and the number of previously undiscovered young stars with near-IR excesses, 15 ± 4. Neither limit exceeds the number of known pre–main-sequence stars in the cloud, ∼100. Thus, current samples of pre–main-sequence stars are reasonably complete for K ≤ 14.
Business Strategy and Financial Opacity

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigate whether different types of business strategy are related to financial opacity and, if so, whether financial constraints and decreasing production demand exacerbate or mitigate financial opacity. Using a sample of listed firms in Taiwan from 2013 to 2018, we find that defenders mitigate financial opacity through loss avoidance and exacerbate financial opacity through aggressive earnings, especially when they face lower financial constraints and during decreasing production demand. However, prospectors do not exacerbate financial opacity by smoothing earnings especially when they face higher financial constraints and their production demand is increasing. Our study should be of interest to researchers and financial statement users, as well as others concerned with understanding the effects of different types of business strategy on different levels of financial opacity.
Personalized Outfit Compatibility Prediction based on Regional Attention

Personalized fashion collocation has recently attracted more research attention as it provides more clothing choices that conform to fashion aesthetics and users’ preferences. The great challenge is combining the item’s compatibility relationship and users’ preferences. Actually, users may pay more attention to some regions, which are also crucial to determining item compatibility. Therefore, this paper takes regional attention as the fusion point, proposing a personalized outfit compatibility prediction model that consists of two modules. Firstly, the User Outfit Preference Encoding module encodes the item’s visual features to obtain the user’s initial preference for the given outfit. Then, the Regional Attention Compatibility Scoring module measures attention to item regions from user and outfit compatibility, fusing them to calculate the personalized outfit compatibility score. Finally, we improve the model’s predictive ability by jointly optimizing the two modules. The experiments on two real datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Convolution Error Reduction for a Fabry–Pérot-Based Linewidth Measurement: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

Linewidth measurement of a short pulse single-longitudinal mode laser with a low repetition rate has been a big challenge. Although the Fabry–Pérot (FP) etalon in combination with a beam profiler is an effective approach to measure the linewidth, the convolution error introduced by the inherent transmission spectrum width of an FP restricts the measurement accuracy. Here, the source of convolutional errors of the FP etalon-based linewidth measurement is analyzed, and the convolutional fitting method is proposed to reduce the errors. The results show that the linewidth measurement using the FP cavity with low reflectance (95%) can achieve the same resolution as that with high reflectance (99.5%) based on this convolution error reduction method. The study provides a simple approach to accurately measuring the linewidth of pulsed lasers, even with low energy.
Bacterial Cellulose Hybrid Composites with Calcium Phosphate for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a unique microbial biopolymer with a huge number of significant applications in the biomedical field, including bone tissue engineering. The present study proposes to obtain and characterize BC hybrid composites with calcium phosphate as biocompatible and bioactive membranes for bone tissue engineering. BC precursor membranes were obtained in static culture fermentation, and after purification, were oxidized to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DABC). Calcium phosphate-BC oxidized membranes were produced by successive immersion in precursor solutions under ultrasonic irradiation. The samples were characterized for their physicochemical properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C NMR), and complex thermal analysis. In vitro cell studies were also performed to evaluate the influence of modified morphological characteristics on cell adhesion and proliferation. The results showed an increase in porosity and biodegradability for DABC hybrid composites compared with BC. In vitro cell studies have revealed that both hybrid composites favor cell adhesion to the surface. The new BC and DABC hybrid composites with calcium phosphate could be considered promising materials for bone tissue regeneration.
Surveillance in long-distance turbulence-degraded videos

Surveillance in long-distance turbulence-degraded video is a difficult challenge because of the effects of the atmospheric turbulence that causes blur and random shifts in the image. As imaging distances increase, the degradation effects become more significant. This paper presents a method for surveillance in long-distance turbulence-degraded videos. This method is based on employing new criteria for discriminating true from false object detections. We employ an adaptive thresholding procedure for background subtraction, and implement new criteria for distinguishing true from false moving objects, that take into account the temporal consistency of both shape and motion properties. Results show successful detection also tracking of moving objects on challenging video sequences, which are significantly distorted with atmospheric turbulence. However, when the imaging distance is increased higher false alarms may occur. The method presented here is relatively efficient and has low complexity.
A hierarchy of relaxation between the continuous and convex hull representations

In this paper a reformulation technique is presented that takes a given linear zero-one programming problem, converts it into a zero-one polynomial programming problem, and then relinearizes it into an extended linear program. It is shown that the strength of the resulting reformulation depends on the degree of the terms used to produce the polynomial program at the intermediate step of this method. In fact, as this degree varies from one up to the number of variables in the problem, a hierarchy of sharper representations is obtained with the final relaxation representing the convex hull of feasible solutions. The reformulation technique readily extends to produce a similar hierarchy of linear relaxations for zero-one polynomial programming problems. A characterization of the convex hull in the original variable space is also available through a projection process. The structure of this convex hull characterization (or its other relaxations) can be exploited to generate strong or facetial valid inequaliti.
SIMULTANEOUS K- AND L-BAND SPECTROSCOPY OF Be STARS: CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPE PROPERTIES FROM HYDROGEN EMISSION LINES

We present medium-resolution K- and L-band spectra of a sample of eight Be stars, obtained with Gemini/NIRI. The IR K and L bands contain many lines of different hydrogen series that are used as a diagnosis to the physical conditions in the circumstellar environments. We make an analysis on the optical depths of the line-forming regions based on the intensity ratios of Pfγ and Brα lines, the behavior of Humphreys’ series, and the fluxes of Brα and Brγ lines. All our targets show spectroscopic and photometric long-term variability; thus, time-resolved K- and L-band spectroscopy is an ideal tool for studying the structure and evolution of the innermost regions of the envelope and to test models on the disk-forming mechanism. We note that the instrumental configuration used allowed us to obtain good quality IR observations and to take profit of Gemini band 3 observing time (allocation time for ranked programs in which the observing conditions are relaxed).
Sanderlings Feed on a Diverse Spectrum of Prey Worldwide but Primarily Rely on Brown Shrimp in the Wadden Sea

Knowing what birds eat is fundamental to understand the ecology and distribution of individuals and populations. Often, diet is assessed based on field observations and excrement analyses, which has previously been the case for Sanderling Calidris alba. This may have biased their known diets towards large prey with indigestible body parts that can still be recognized in faeces or regurgitations. A literature review of Sanderling diet worldwide showed that Sanderlings exploit a large diversity of prey. We carried out DNA metabarcoding on Sanderling faeces to get a complete view of their diet in the Wadden Sea during staging and moult from late July to early October. Given the diversity of available prey in the Wadden Sea, it was remarkable that 94% of the samples contained Brown Shrimp Crangon crangon which, next to the Shore Crab Carcinus maenas, were also the most abundant species in the samples. This study shows that whereas Sanderling can feed on a large variety of invertebrates, in the Wadden Sea during southward staging they primarily rely on Brown Shrimp
Weighted constraint stochastic gradient descent algorithm for computational holographic near-eye display

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm with weighted constraint strategy is proposed to solve the vortex stagnation problem in CGH optimization and improve the image quality for computational holographic near-eye display. The weighted constraint strategy includes weighted phase constraint and weighted amplitude constraint. The weighted phase constraint is used to smooth the phase profile of reconstructed field, which helps to solve the vortex stagnation problem caused by optical vortices and eliminate the speckles in reconstructed field. The weighted amplitude constraint is used to broaden the optimization space by introducing the amplitude freedom of non-signal region in the reconstructed field, which helps to further improve the image quality in the signal region. The weighted constraint SGD algorithm can ensure the stable convergence of CGH optimization and avoid the vortex stagnation, which helps to eliminate the speckles and improve the image quality for holographic near-eye display.
Perancangan Aplikasi Pembayaran Jasa Layanan Salon Menggunakan Pemrograman Java

Abstrak - Dengan adanya kemajuan teknologi sebagai pendukung pemrosesan data dan informasi, komputer menjadi kebutuhan pokok perusahaan. Perusahaan dagang, jasa dan industri serta semua sektor ekonomi yang ada pada saat ini sudah menggunakan komputer sebagai pendukung usahanya. Salon adalah usaha yang bergerak dibidang kecantikan. Dalam kegiatan pembayaran pada salon masih manual. Jika terus berlangsung, hal ini tentu akan menghambat perkembangan perusahaan, karena akan menghambat kinerja dan efektifitas bagian administrasi, seperti peluang terjadinya kesalahan pemrosesan, validitas data, penyimpanan data yang tidak terorganisir, ketidak akuratan data dan lain-lain. Perancangan program untuk pembayaran adalah sebuah solusi yang sangat tepat untuk menangani permasalahan yang ada, karena selain membuat sebuah proses pembayaran sangat penting karena sering terjadi kesalahan pada proses pembayaran dan menyebabkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Oleh karena itu perancangan program pembayaran pada salon ini dapat mengurangi kesalahan dan peningkatan efisiensi. Jadi akan meningkatkan kemajuan perusahaan. Penulis menggunakan bahasa pemrograman java, karena memiliki keuntungan yaitu memiliki sarana akses data yang lebih cepat, karena lebih sedikit mengetik, secara otomatis kesalahan lebih kecil karena sintaks pemrograman juga tidak perlu dihafalkan lagi karena semuanya telah disediakan di dalam menu pilihana yang tinggal dipilih sesuai kebutuhan dan anda untuk membuat aplikasi database yang berkemampuan tinggi.Kata kunci: Pembayaran jasa, layanan salon, java
An Energetic Diagnostic of Tropical Cyclone Size in f‐Plane Simulations

As a major feature of tropical cyclones (TCs), controlling factors of TC outer size or size scaling remains a fundamental scientific question. The Rossby deformation radius and a natural extent associated with potential intensity have been proposed as two scalings of TC size. But neither of them satisfactorily captures the sensitivity of TC size to sea surface temperature (SST) in idealized f‐plane simulations. Inspired by the studies of the Hadley circulation, here we proposed a new TC scaling based on an energetic diagnostic scaling. TC size is primarily a ratio of the secondary circulation strength to subsidence velocity, further determined by the total atmospheric heating in the ascending area, the gross moist stability, the diabatic cooling, and the dry static stability. The former two is based on the moist energetic budget applied to the whole storm structure, while the latter two is based on the dry thermodynamic budget applied to the subsidence areas. The new scaling well captured the sensitivity of TC size to SST in idealized f‐plane simulations, partly resulted from expanded ascending area, increased surface moisture deficit, and weakened subsidence with increased SST.