Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Back to the future: a logical framework for temporal information representation and inferencing from financial news

Temporal information carries information about changes and time of the changes. Consider a company investing in another company. The former may choose to inject the money gradually with the amount and frequency depending on the performance of the latter. This shows that an event can be completed in multiple steps and at any given time before completion, it is partially completed. Thus, the status of an event at any time could be described by some degree of completion. One can make inference based on such temporal information to predict what event(s) would likely happen next. The prediction could be made not only based on the completed or partially completed events in the past, but also based on the correlation between the events, which have taken place (i.e. executed events), and the ones planned (i.e. planned events). This process of making inference based on the executed and planned temporal events is described lively as "Back to the Future" and can be considered as part of the formally-called temporal information inference. Existing temporal information processing frameworks (e.g., temporal database, temporal information extraction, and temporal logic), however, are ineffective for this purpose. We define a novel logical framework for two-dimensional (i.e., executed and planned time lines) temporal information representing and inferencing. An operational model realising the logical framework in financial news data is also addressed.
On the Identities for Elastostatic Fundamental Solution and Nonuniqueness of the Traction BIE Solution for Multiconnected Domains

In this paper, the four integral identities satisfied by the fundamental solution for elastostatic problems are reviewed and slightly different forms of the third and fourth identities are presented. Two new identities, namely the fifth and sixth identities, are derived. These integral identities can be used to develop weakly singular and nonsingular forms of the boundary integral equations (BIEs) for elastostatic problems. They can also be employed to show the nonuniqueness of the solution of the traction (hypersingular) BIE for an elastic body on a multiconnected domain. This nonuniqueness is shown in a general setting in this paper. It is shown that the displacement (singular) BIE does not allow any rigidbody displacement terms, while the traction BIE can have arbitrary rigid-body translation and rotation terms, in the BIE solutions on the edge of a hole or surface of a void. Therefore, the displacement solution from the traction BIE is not unique. A remedy to this nonuniqueness solution problem with the traction BIE is proposed by adopting a dual BIE formulation for problems with multiconnected domains. A few numerical examples using the 2D elastostatic boundary element method for domains with holes are presented to demonstrate the uniqueness properties of the displacement, traction and the dual BIE solutions for multiconnected domain problems. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4023640]
Retrospective Protection utilizing Binary Rewriting

Buffer overflow vulnerabilities present a common threat. To encounter this issue, operating system support and compile-time security hardening measures have been introduced. Unfortunately, these are not always part of the shipped object code. We present design and implementation of BinProtect, a binary rewriting tool, capable of retrospectively protecting binaries, which have not been sufficiently secured at compile-time. To achieve this, we do not need source code or any additional information.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Oxidative Stress

The development of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) revolutionized cardiac surgery and contributed immensely to improved patients outcomes. CPB is associated with the activation of different coagulation, proinflammatory, survival cascades and altered redox state. Haemolysis, ischaemia, and perfusion injury and neutrophils activation during CPB play a pivotal role in oxidative stress and the associated activation of proinflammatory and proapoptotic signalling pathways which can affect the function and recovery of multiple organs such as the myocardium, lungs, and kidneys and influence clinical outcomes. The administration of agents with antioxidant properties during surgery either intravenously or in the cardioplegia solution may reduce ROS burst and oxidative stress during CPB. Alternatively, the use of modified circuits such as minibypass can modify both proinflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
Mechanisms of Nifedipine-Downregulated CD40L/sCD40L Signaling in Collagen Stimulated Human Platelets

The platelet-derived soluble CD40L (sCD40L) release plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Nifedipine, a dihydropyridine-based L-type calcium channel blocker (CCB), has been reported to have an anti-atherosclerotic effect beyond its blood pressure-lowering effect, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether nifedipine affects sCD40L release from collagen-stimulated human platelets and to determine the potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/-γ (PPAR-β/-γ). We found that treatment with nifedipine significantly inhibited the platelet surface CD40L expression and sCD40L release in response to collagen, while the inhibition was markedly reversed by blocking PPAR-β/-γ activity with specific antagonist such as GSK0660 and GW9662. Meanwhile, nifedipine also enhanced nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP formation in a PPAR-β/-γ-dependent manner. When the NO/cyclic GMP pathway was suppressed, nifedipine-mediated inhibition of sCD40L release was abolished significantly. Collagen-induced phosphorylation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and HSP27, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression/activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were significantly inhibited by nifedipine, whereas these alterations were all attenuated by co-treatment with PPAR-β/-γ antagonists. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PPAR-β/-γ-dependent pathways contribute to nifedipine-mediated downregulation of CD40L/sCD40L signaling in activated platelets through regulation of NO/ p38MAPK/ERK1/2/HSP27/MMP-2 signalings and provide a novel mechanism regarding the anti-atherosclerotic effect of nifedipine.
Memory leak detection with context awareness

Embedded applications with a long running life time particularly require a high degree of reliability. Many types of weaknesses residing in software can reduce the reliability, but memory leaks are prominent sources of software weaknesses for long running applications. As memory leaks are typically cumbersome and illusive, finding their sources demands programmers to make a huge effort even with fairly automated memory leak detection tools. Recently, dynamic detectors with light overheads have been emerged. They use sampling-based techniques to reduce overheads. According to the frequencies of code executions and data accesses, the memory monitor adaptively controls the sampling periods. The accuracies of existing sampling techniques are, however, unsatisfactory in some cases. In this paper, we present a more accurate memory leak detection technique, which takes advantage of context information. Our memory leak detector, which is also based on data sampling, adopts a notion of context (or call path) to sort out dynamically allocated memories and more accurately tracks the sources of memory leaks in the source code. Our experiments with SPEC CINT2000 benchmarks show our technique finds more memory leaks by up to 72% with comparable overheads to the existing data sampling technique.
How do I find blue books about dogs ? The errors and frustrations of young digital library users

Children are among the fastest growing groups of users of the Internet, so it is important to design searching and browsing interfaces, such as those found in digital libraries, to support them. However, many interfaces geared toward elementary-age children suffer from at least one of two common problems. First, many assume that young users can spell, type, read, navigate, compose queries, and/or select small objects. Second, many assume that children search for books using the same criteria as adults. In fact, children have difficulty using and understanding traditional interface tools, and often employ different searching and browsing strategies from adults. A number of researchers have created digital libraries that better support young children. Our lab has also focused on this goal, most recently with the International Children’s Digital Library (ICDL) project. This paper elaborates on the reasons why children require different searching and browsing tools and how interfaces that fail to recognize this lead to frustrating experiences. It describes how the ICDL addresses these issues and a study designed to investigate them further.
Use of Endovascular Stents in Congenital Heart Disease

BackgroundBalloon expandable intravascular stents have been used to support vessel walls in coronary and peripheral arteries in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of these stents in the treatment of congenital heart disease. Methods and ResultsForty-five stents were placed in 30 patients, who were 0.2-30.2 years old (weight, 3.5-76 kg). Patients with areas of stenosis that were difficult to approach surgically were chosen. Stents were mounted over balloons and placed by standard catheterization techniques. Twenty-three patients had branch pulmonary artery stenosis. Thirty-six stents were placed successfully and had reduced pressure gradients from 50.6+24 to 15.9 ± +13.4 mm Hg. Five patients had stents placed after atrial surgery: three in obstructed Fontan repairs, one at the superior vena cava-right atrial junction after sinus venous defect repair, and one at the site of a Glenn shunt. Atrial stents reduced pressure gradients from 9.8 ± +8.2 to 2.0+2.6 mm Hg. One patient had a stent placed in the descending aorta after coarctation dilation, and the pressure gradient was reduced from 50 to 25 mm Hg. One patient had pulmonary vein dilation with stent placement. Two stents migrated at the time of placement; one required surgical removal, and one was anchored in place by balloon dilation. One patient died within 24 hours of catheterization because of thrombus obstruction of the Fontan repair. Nine patients have undergone recatheterization. All stented vessels have remained at the same caliber as at original stent placement. ConclusionsWe conclude that balloon expandable stents are useful in selected postoperative stenoses in congenital heart disease. (Circulation 1991;83:1923—1939)
Effects of methamphetamine on the hippocampus of rats: Behavioural and morphological approach

This investigation examined the effects of methamphetamine (METH) on performance of rats using the Morris water maze and on the morphology of the hippocampus. Twelve adult Wistar rats were used for this study. Animals were randomly assigned into two groups (A and B) of six each. Group A rats served as control and were given normal saline. Group B animals were given single administration of METH (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Animals were subjected to behavioural studies on the water maze prior to treatment. Three days following METH administration, animals were again subjected to behavioural studies, sacrificed, brain excised and processed histologically. Results showed high level of methamphetamine-induced stereotypic movement. There was no significant difference in behavioural performance of the rats on water maze prior to treatments, but group B rats showed significantly poor performance after treatment when compared to control (P<0.05). Histological analysis revealed extensive neuronal destruction of the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus following methamphetamine administration. In conclusion, this study has shown the neuro-destructive effects of METH on the hippocampus and such degenerating effects could affect the learning, memory and possibly spatial navigation ability of rats during the water maze task.
D ec 2 00 1 Stable and chaotic solutions of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with periodic boundary conditions

We study, analytically and numerically, the dynamical behavior of the solutions of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with diffraction but without diffusion, which governs the spatial evolution of the field in an active nonlinear laser cavity. Accordingly, the solutions are subject to periodic boundary conditions. The analysis reveals regions of stable stationary solutions in the model’s parameter space, and a wide range of oscillatory and chaotic behaviors. Close to the first bifurcation destabilizing the spatially uniform solution, a stationary single-humped solution is found in an asymptotic analytical form, which turns out to be in very good agreement with the numerical results. Simulations reveal a series of stable stationary multi-humped solutions.
A method based on septrogram and pitch for biometric authentication

The performance of speaker recognition (SR) system may deteriorate seriously due to the different speaking conditions, especially mismatch recording channels. In this paper we propose an effective approach to conduct the SR task more reliable. This method is based on spectrogram and pitch, in which spectrogram (visual displays) of speech signal uttered from different persons is used as the identified feature. We illustrate the pith (fundamental frequency) is also important for speaker recognition. Furthermore, we address some fundamental pitch tracking techniques, based on time autocorrelation and average magnitude difference function.
Differential morphine tolerance development in the modulation of macrophage cytokine production in mice

Morphine has been shown to affect cell‐mediated and humoral immune parameters. In this study, we investigated the capacity of in vivo acute and chronic morphine treatment to modulate interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐12 production by LPS and interferon‐γ‐stimulated resident and thioglycollate‐elicited murine peritoneal macrophages and the development of tolerance to these effects. One hour after the acute administration of 5, 10, and 20 mg/Kg morphine, a dose‐related decrease of IL‐10 and IL‐12 levels was present. The pretreatment with naltrexone at doses up to 20 mg/Kg did not prevent the decrease of IL‐10 and IL‐12 induced by morphine. When the drug was administered chronically, a differential development of tolerance to the immune effects was observed. After 3 days of treatment, the effect of the acute challenge with 20 mg/Kg morphine on IL‐12 was lost. In contrast, morphine‐induced inhibition of IL‐10 disappeared between 10 and 12 days of treatment, in parallel with tolerance to the antinociceptive effect. These results suggest that morphine treatment affects macrophage cytokine production and that tolerance affects this modulation differently.
Representation of Elaeis Guineensis nutrition deficiency based on image processing approach

Nutrient deficiencies are one of the common issues faced by Elaeis Guineensis or widely known as oil palm. In this paper, image processing technique is utilized to develop method that is able to represent symptoms of nutrient disease such as nitrogen, potassium and magnesium. Hence, algorithm is developed to process the captured images of the diseased leaves through image segmentation and feature extraction based on nonlinear spatial filtering, YCbCr colour and gray scale morphology method. Experimental results demonstrated that the developed algorithm is capable to represent nutrient deficiencies as visualized by expert vision.
Percutaneous dermal drug delivery for local pain control

Topical anesthetics have evolved from a simple solution of cocaine to creams, ointments, gels, liposomal preparations, and to the latest sophisticated patches and peels. Topical anesthetics are essential for performing diagnostic, therapeutic, and cosmetic dermatology procedures. These anesthetics noninvasively deliver anesthesia in locally required areas. In this review, we present an overview on the mechanism of precutaneous absorption of skin and address the composition, duration of onset of anesthetic effect, uses, and side effects that are applicable for the products. Also discussed are the novel advances of using heat to enhance penetration of the anesthetic as seen in Synera™ patch and delivery of anesthesia using a peel method as seen in the yet to be US Food and Drug Administration-approved S-Caine peel.
Comparative Analysis on the Stability of Feature Selection Techniques Using Three Frameworks on Biological Datasets

Feature (gene) selection is a common preprocessing technique used to counter the problem of high dimensionality(too many independent features) found in many bioinformaticsdatasets, addressing this problem by creating a smaller feature subset including only the most important features. Although feature selection techniques are often evaluated based on how they can help improve classification performance, it is also important to find stable feature selection techniques which will give consistent results even in the face of dataset perturbations(such as class noise or sampling used to alleviate the problem of imbalanced data). This is especially important in bioinformatics, where the prime concern may be gene discovery rather than classification. In this study we use three frameworks to evaluate the stability of gene selection techniques: "sampledcleanvs. sampled-clean, " "sampled-noisy vs. sampled-noisy, " and" sampled-clean vs. sampled-noisy. " All frameworks involve pairwisecomparisons among the results from the perturbed datasets(due to sampling or class noise injection followed by sampling). They differ in terms of whether they observe how sampling can create variation within the feature subsets (sampled-clean vs. sampled-clean), how noisy datasets (which were then sampled)can create a wide spread of selected features (sampled-noisyvs. sampled-noisy), or how features selected on clean and noisy datasets differ, after both datasets have been sampled (sampledcleanvs. sampled-noisy). Along with these three frameworks, our comparison of seven feature ranking techniques uses four cancer gene datasets, applies three sampling techniques, and generates artificial class noise to better simulate real-world datasets. The results from the frameworks are generally similar, with Signal-To-Noise and ReliefF showing the best stability and Gain Ratio showing the worst across all three frameworks, although Relief-W is notable for showing moderate to above-average stability when the clean datasets are used, but giving the second worst performance when noise was present.
Quantum hyperbolic state sum invariants of 3-manifolds

Any triple $(W,L,\rho)$, where $W$ is a compact closed oriented 3-manifold, $L$ is a link in $W$ and $\rho$ is a flat principal $B$-bundle over $W$ ($B$ is the Borel subgroup of upper triangular matrices of $SL(2,\mc)$), can be encoded by suitable {\it distinguished} and {\it decorated} triangulations ${\cal T}=(T,H,{\cal D})$. For each $\cal T$, for each odd integer $N\geq 3$, one defines a state sum $K_N({\cal T})$, based on the Faddeev-Kashaev quantum dilogarithm at $\omega =\exp(2\pi i/N)$, such that $K_N(W,L,\rho)=K_N({\cal T})$ is a well-defined complex valued invariant. The purely topological, conjectural invariants $K_N(W,L)$ proposed earlier by Kashaev correspond to the special case of the {\it trivial} flat bundle. Moreover, we extend the definition of these invariants to the case of flat bundles on $W\setminus L$ with non necessarily trivial holonomy along the meridians of the link's components, and also to 3-manifolds endowed with a $B$-flat bundle and with \emph{arbitrary} non-spherical parametrized boundary components. We point out some remarkable specializations of the invariants; among these, the so called {\it Seifert-type} invariants, when $W=S^3$: these seem to be good candidates in orther to fully reconduct the Jones polynomials in the main stream of quantum hyperbolic invariants. Finally, we try to set our results against the heuristic backgroud of the Euclidean analytic continuation of (2+1)-quantum gravity with negative cosmological constant, regarded as a gauge theory with the {\it non compact} group SO(3,1) as gauge group.
An Intrinsic Absorption Complex toward RX J1230.8+0115: Geometry and Photoionization Conditions

We present Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spectra of the quasar RX J1230.8+0115 (V = 14.4,z = 0.117). In addition to Galactic, Virgo, and intervening absorption, this quasar is host to a remarkable intrinsic absorption complex. Four narrow absorption line systems, strong in C IV, N V, and O VI, lie within 5000 km s-1 of the QSO redshift. Three of the systems appear to be line locked, two in N V and two in O VI, with the common system residing in between the other two (in velocity). All three systems show signs of an intrinsic origin—smooth windlike profiles, high ionization, and partial coverage of the central engine. The fourth system, which appears at the systemic redshift of the QSO, may originate from host galaxy or intervening gas. Photoionization analyses imply column densities in the range 19.1 < log N(H) < 21 and ionization parameters in the range -1.3 < log U < 0.3. Revisiting the issue of line locking, we discuss a possible model in the context of the accretion disk/wind scenario and point out several issues that remain for future simulations and observations.
Dual of big bang and big crunch

Starting from the Janus solution and its gauge theory dual, we obtain the dual gauge theory description of the cosmological solution by the procedure of double analytic continuation. The coupling is driven either to zero or to infinity at the big-bang and big-crunch singularities, which are shown to be related by the S-duality symmetry. In the dual Yang-Mills theory description, these are nonsingular as the coupling goes to zero in the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. The cosmological singularities simply signal the failure of the supergravity description of the full type IIB superstring theory.
Autonomous Maritime Landings for Low-Cost VTOL Aerial Vehicles

Autonomous landing of quad rotor UAV on a maritime vessel is a challenging task, as low cost sensors, unknown movements of the landing surface, and external disturbances make it difficult to generate a relative pose estimate with sufficient accuracy for landing. In this work, we propose an architecture that avoids sensor limitations while allowing for accurate relative pose estimation, even in the presence of wind disturbances. The final landing sequence is performed entirely in the body-fixed inertial frame so that noisy measurements from the GPS and magnetometer sensors do not degrade the relative estimation accuracy. Simulation results of the entire system architecture are presented, as well as experimental results of visual landing pad tracking for representative motions, which demonstrate the validity of the approach.
Some known results on polynomial factorization over towers of field extensions

• or S = Fq, with q a prime power, and in this case n > 0. We let K be the fraction field of S and introduce the field of fractions K(t1, . . . , tn); we are interested in a field extension L of K(t1, . . . , tn) of the form L = K(t1, . . . , tn)[x1, . , xk]/〈f1, . , fk〉, where for i = 1, . , k, fi is in K(t1, . . . , tn)[x1, . , xi] and monic in xi (thus, the ideal 〈f1, . . . , fk〉 is maximal). Hereafter, we write t = t1, . , tn, x = x1, . , xk and di = deg(fi, xi); for i = 1, . , k, we let hi be in S[t] such that f ⋆ i = hifi is in S[t,x] and we set h = h1 · · ·hk. We are interested in the possible denominators arising when factoring univariate polynomials modulo 〈f1, . , fk〉. Precisely, we say that δ ∈ S[t] − {0} is a common denominator for (f1, . . . , fk) if the following property holds. Let A, B, C in K(t)[x, Y ] and α in S[t] be such that: