Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACC/AHA Versus ESC/ESH on Hypertension Guidelines JACC Guideline Comparison

This study compares the recommendations of the most recent American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Society of Hypertension (ESH) blood pressure guidelines. Both guidelines represent updates of previous guidelines and reinforce previous concepts of prevention regarding elevated blood pressure. Speci ﬁ cally, a low-sodium diet, exercise, body weight reduction, low to moderate alcohol intake, and adequate potassium intake are emphasized. Overall, both guidelines agree on the proper method of blood pressure measurement, the use of home blood pressure and ambulatory monitoring, and restricted use of beta-blockers as ﬁ rst-line therapy. The major disagreements are with the level of blood pressure de ﬁ ning hypertension, ﬂ exibility in identifying blood pressure targets for treatment, and the use of initial combination therapy. Although initial single-pill combination therapy is strongly recommended in both guidelines, the ESC/ESH guideline recommends it as initial therapy in patients at $ 140/90 mm Hg. The ACC/AHA guideline recommends its use in patients > 20/10 mm Hg above blood pressure goal. Thus, the only real disagreement is that the ACC/AHA guidelines maintain that all people with blood pressure > 130/80 mm Hg have hypertension, and blood pressure should be lowered to < 130/80 mm Hg in all. In contrast, the ESC/ESH guidelines state that hypertension is de ﬁ ned as > 140/90 mm Hg, with the goal being a level < 140/90 mm Hg for all targeting to < 130/80 mm Hg only in those at high cardiovascular risk, but always considering individual tolerability of the proposed goal. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:3018 – 26) © 2019 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
Optimizing Refresh of a Set of Materialized Views

In many data warehousing environments, it is common to have materialized views (MVs) at different levels of aggregation of one or more dimensions. The extreme case of this is relational OLAP environments, where, for performance reasons, nearly all levels of aggregation across all dimensions may be computed and stored in MVs. Furthermore, base tables and MVs are usually partitioned for ease and speed of maintenance. In these scenarios, updates to the base table are done using Bulk or Partition operations like add, exchange, truncate and drop partition. If changes to base tables can be tracked at the partition level, join dependencies. functional dependencies and query rewrite can be used to optimize refresh of an individual MV. The refresh optimizer, in the presence of partitioned tables and MVs, may recognize dependencies between base table and the MV partitions leading to the generation of very efficient refresh expressions. Additionally, in the presence of multiple MVs, the refresh subsytem can come up with an optimal refresh schedule such that MVs can be refreshed using query rewrite against previously refreshed MVs. This makes the database server more manageable and user friendly since a single function call can optimally refresh all the MVs in the system.
Spirituality, religion, and health: Reflections and issues

The past decade has witnessed substantial growth in the study of religiosity/spirituality and its relationship with various indicators of health. Most of these studies found positive relationships between religion, spirituality and health (both mental and physical health). However, various studies in this field are criticized specially for not clearly and operationally defining the constructs religion and spirituality and for their poor design. This paper discuses major issue associated with concepts, norms, and assessments of religiosity and spirituality. Finally, various suggestions to surpass these limitations are also addressed.
Illumination properties and imaging promises of blended, multiple‐scattering seismic data: a tutorial

In traditional seismic surveys the firing time between shots is such that the shot records do not interfere in time. In the concept of blended acquisition, however, shot records do overlap, allowing denser source sampling and wider azimuths in an economic way. A denser shot sampling and wider azimuths make that each subsurface gridpoint is illuminated from a larger number of angles and will therefore improve the image quality in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution. In this tutorial, we show that, even with very simple blending parameters like time delays, the incident wavefield at a specific subsurface gridpoint represents a dispersed time series with a complex code. For shot record migration purposes, this time series should be designed such that it facilitates a stable inversion process. In a next step, we explain how the illumination property of the incident wavefield can be further improved by utilizing the surface‐related multiples. This means that these multiples can be exploited to improve the incident wavefield by filling angle gaps in the illumination and/or by extending the range of angles (‘natural blending’). In this way the energy contained in the multiples now contributes to the image, rather than decreasing its quality. One remarkable consequence of this property is that the benefits to be obtained from the improved illumination depend on the detector locations in acquisition geometries as well. We explain how to quantify the contribution of the blended surface multiples to the incident wavefield for a blended source configuration. In addition, we explain how blended measurements can be directly used in an angle‐dependent migration process with a bifocal, least‐squares imaging condition. The result is a densely sampled reflectivity function in the ray parameter domain, also improving the capability of velocity estimation. We will show examples to illustrate the theory.
Water motion on a beach in the presence of a breakwater: 2. Mean currents

A semiempirical theory of breaking-induced mean currents on a beach is developed here to study the combined effects of refraction and diffraction. With the omission of convective inertia and lateral turbulent diffusion the resulting averaged equations are solved by finite differences. The case of an offshore breakwater is studied in detail, and the predicted current pattern is consistent with laboratory observations and the known tendency of tombolo formation near sandy beaches. Numerical results for an isolated breakwater extending from the shore are also presented, and observational evidences cited.
Intensive Mesolithic Exploitation of Coastal Resources? Evidence from a Shell Deposit on the Isle of Portland (Southern England) for the Impact of Human Foraging on Populations of Intertidal Rocky Shore Molluscs

Recent research has indicated the importance of marine foods in the diet of some late Mesolithic (c.5000-4000cal bc) populations in western Europe, but little is known of the role of such resources in the earlier Mesolithic. Analysis of assemblages of marine molluscs from the shell midden of Culverwell, Isle of Portland, showed changes in the absolute abundance of the three dominant species, as well as changes of mean shell size and age-class frequencies in the species Monodonta lineata (da Costa), through the midden. It is suggested that these changes result from the impact of human foraging on the populations of these molluscs, and that rocky-shore intertidal molluscs were exploited intensively and frequently (possibly annually) from the site in the earlier Mesolithic (c.6000-5200cal bc).
Transcriptional and Progesterone Receptor Binding Profiles of the Human 1 Endometrium Reveal Important Pathways and Regulators in the Epithelium During 2 the Window of Implantation 3 4

1 Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of 8 Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA 9 2 Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health 10 Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA 11 3 Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor 12 College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 13 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 14 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 15 5 Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s 16 Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA 17
Design of a seepage meter for measuring groundwater fluxes in the nonlittoral zones of lakes-Evaluation in a boreal forest lake

A lakebed seepage meter for measuring groundwater seepage rates in the nonlittoral zones of lakes was designed and field tested. Ease of installation and operation, sampling integrity, and year-round stability in ice-bound lake environments were the main factors governing design. The design of the meter incorporates a lake-bottom seepage meter connected by a flexible conduit hose to a sampling station -2 m below lake surface. The operation and design of the meter includes methods for minimizing and monitoring meter settlement, protecting meter components from trawling fishermen and nibbling fish (seepage bags), visually monitoring flux levels in seepage bags to determine optimum time for sampling, and easy detection by a small boat-mounted sonar unit. Results from a seepage meter survey in a small lake situated in complex glacial stratigraphy show that the system is effective in measuring very low flux rates and mapping complex inflow and outflow groundwater regimes in lake environments. Detailed lake studies in glaciated terrains allow classification of lakes, with regard to characteristics and relative contributions of groundwater and surface water inputs, into the six main types shown in Fig. 1. Although subtypes can be created within this classification, Fig. 1 shows the complexity of relationships that can exist between lakes and surrounding groundwater regimes. In some cases, lakes cannot be classed as one type year-round; for example, Jaquet’s (1976) studies of the groundwater regime around Snake Lake (Wisconsin) show that this lake has a hydrology much like type d (Fig. 1) in late summer, fall, and winter, but in spring the flow characteristics are represented better by type b. The lake I use to evaluate a new seepage meter design (Alexander Lake) was, from initial analyses, thought to be type d or type b. Later detailed seepage meter analysis showed it to be type b. Figure 2 schematically depicts two extremes of limnological regimes and groundwater processes on a continuum of lakes in glaciated environments. Although hydrologists generally accept that most groundwater that enters a lake system does so through the littoral zone,
Effects of sill bathymetry, oscillating barotropic forcing and vertical mixing on estuary/ocean exchange

Intratidal and low-pass filtered fluctuations of density stratification in eastern Long Island Sound are apparently produced by both hydraulic effects and tidally induced vertical mixing. In order to evaluate the effects of bathymetry, oscillating barotropic forcing and vertical mixing on density stratification and on the exchange between estuarine and oceanic waters, a series of numerical experiments over a simplified sill bathymetry are performed. Hydraulic effects over a sill decrease exchange by 25% relative to flat bottom. There is a fundamental change in the nature of the flow from weak to strong barotropic forcing: during weak tidal forcing, sill exchange can be subject to hydraulic control and the intratidal stratification is determined by internal wave motion on the pycnocline; during strong forcing, the density field is determined by the gradient advection of the predominant barotropic tide, the hydraulic control is broken, and exchange is determined by the tidal prism. Vertical mixing tends to decrease exchange and to break the hydraulic control.
Vegetation and small vertebrates of oak woodlands at low and high risk for sudden oak death in San Luis Obispo County, California.

San Luis Obispo County contains oak woodlands at varying levels of risk of sudden oak death (SOD), caused by a fungal pathogen (Phytophthora ramorum) that in the past decade has killed thousands of oak (Quercus spp.) and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) trees in California. SOD was most recently detected 16 km north of the San Luis Obispo County line. Low-risk woodlands occupy 57 percent of the county’s land area, whereas high-risk woodlands occupy only 1 percent. During 2002-2004, we collected data on vegetative structure and small vertebrate (birds, small mammals, amphibians, reptiles) abundance in both types of woodland within the county. One study site was located in low-risk habitat and two in high-risk habitat. The two high-risk sites were similar in terms of vegetative structure and wildlife, while being much different from the low-risk site. Of the 11 vegetation attributes measured, tree density, basal area, canopy cover, coarse woody debris, and litter depth were greater at both high-risk sites (P < 0.05). Small mammals and amphibians were more abundant at the high-risk sites (P < 0.05), while birds and reptiles were more abundant at the low-risk site (P < 0.05). Species that were notably abundant in high-risk compared to low-risk habitat included the chestnut-backed chickadee (Poecile rufescens), Steller’s jay (Cyanocitta stelleri), orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata), dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma fuscipes), brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii), Monterey salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii eschscholtzii), and slender salamander (Batrachoseps spp.). Due to the scarcity and fragmented distribution of high-risk woodlands within San Luis Obispo County, these wildlife species may be severely impacted if the pathogen reaches the county.
Oxidation of atmospheric methane in soil: Measurements in the field, in soil cores and in soil samples

Methane fluxes and vertical profiles of CH4 mixing ratios were measured in different German soils both in situ and in soil cores. Atmospheric CH4 was oxidized in the soil by microorganisms resulting in an average CH4 flux of −1.39±1.5 μmol-CH4 m−2 h−1. Methane deposition showed only a weak positive correlation (r2 = 0.38) with soil temperature but a relatively strong negative correlation (r2 = 0.61) with soil moisture indicating limitation of the CH4 flux by gas transport. Diffusion experiments in soil cores showed that gas transport between atmosphere and soil was faster than microbial CH4 oxidation. However, the diffusion from the gas-filled soil pores to the CH4 oxidizing microorganisms may have been limiting. The main CH4− oxidizing activity was located in a few centimeter thick subsurface soil layer at the top of the Ah horizon, whereas no activity was found in the overlying O horizons and in deep soil below about 20-cm depth. In contrast, the highest CO2 production was found in the topmost O horizon. The effective diffusion coefficient of CH4 in soil was determined using a method based on relaxation experiments with argon. The diffusion coefficient was used to model the CH4 oxidation in soil cores from the vertical profiles of CH4 mixing ratios. The thus calculated CH4 oxidation rates and their localization in the soil profile compared fairly well with those determined directly from incubated soil samples. Fluxes were similar within a factor of 2–4 whether derived from the model, calculated from the measured CH4 oxidation rates of soil samples, or measured directly.
Comparison of satellite self‐contamination experiments and scattering return flux calculations

Gaseous emissions from a spacecraft modify the orbital environment and degrade the observations of distant radiation sources. These emissions also provide contamination fluxes induced by self-scattering and scattering with ambient particles. Experiments were carried out on the orbiting Atmosphere Explorer D satellite (AE-D) to verify the calculated return fluxes of a neon source. Known rates of neon were emitted in the direction of the velocity vector on command from the MRMU (molecular return measurement unit). At 250 km the neutral mass spectrometer indicated a total neon return flux of 2.46 × 10−2 times the emitted flux. The calculated fraction was 1.23 × 10−2, including 9.14 × 10−3 for the ambient scatter and 3.54 × 10−3 for the altitude-independent self-scatter. The pressure gages indicated pressures less than 7 × 10−6 torr at altitudes from 161 to 210 km. The maximum pressure for 161-km orbit was calculated as 7.4 × 10−7 torr.
Real‐time forecasting with a conceptual hydrologic model: 2. Applications and results

The results from an application of a conceptual hydrologic model, combined with filtering and statistical estimation methods, to real-time forecasting of river discharges are very encouraging. The use of feedback significantly improves the overall forecasting capability of the model even when the model and input error statistics are not perfectly known. Identification of these statistics through adaptive filtering techniques is practical and further improves the performance of the model. Comparison with a simple linear adaptive ‘black box’ model is very favorable for the conceptual hydrologic model, especially for forecast lead times comparably to the response time of the catchment. The results emphasize the importance of using a realistic model of uncertainty accounting for the nonstationarity in the rainfall-runoff process.
Rapidly Reversibly Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly.
Seasonal Productivity of Flemingia Macrophylla under Different Defoliation Frequencies

Flemin gia macrophylla is introduced and established with the aim of helping to mitigate the dry season fodder deficit in many developing countries. A study was carried out to assess the effect of season and defoliation frequency on the fodder yield and the chemical constituents of F. macrophylla. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 2 factorial arrangements of treatments for four-years-old mature stands of F. macrophylla. Dry and wet were the levels of season factor and three months and six months defoliation intervals were the levels of defoliation frequency. Each treatment was replicated for five times. The nutrient contents of fodders were determined using proximate analysis. The results showed that the plants harvested on wet season had higher (p<0.01) dried fodder yield than the plants harvested in dry seasons. The plants defoliated in three months interval had yielded higher (p<0.001) annual fodder biomass than the plants defoliated in six months interval. Likewise, the fodder harvested in the wet season had better nutrient composition compared to the fodder harvested in dry season. Similarly, the fodder harvested in three months defoliation interval had better nutrient composition than the fodders harvested in six months defoliation. The results revealed that the seasonal variation in dry and wet season yields of F. macrophylla was prominent, and harvesting of the fodder in three months defoliation interval could be the better practice in comparison to defoliation in six months interval in order to produce higher fodder yield with better nutrient composition. Keywo rds: season, defoliation frequency, fodder yield, nutrient composition. GJSFR-D Classification : FOR Code: 079999
Psychological Symptoms in Youth and Later Socioeconomic Functioning: Do Associations Vary by Informant?

We examined whether associations between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depression, and anxiety assessed in a sample of 2,026 youth aged 6 to 16 years and socioeconomic functioning measured 18 years later varied as a function of whether parents or teachers had rated symptomatology. After accounting for confounding variables (e.g., family socioeconomic status in childhood), psychological symptoms explained 2.78% of the variability in adult socioeconomic status. Much of that variance was unique to teachers or parents (0.90% and 1.41%, respectively). Moreover, several informant-specific associations emerged: teacher-rated depression and parent-rated ADHD and ODD were significant predictors of later socioeconomic functioning. Overall, these findings provide further evidence that differences between informants are meaningful and support the utility of maintaining the unique perspective of each rater in analytic and measurement strategies.
Cost of Community-Led Larval Source Management and House Improvement for Malaria Control: A Cost Analysis Within A Cluster-Randomised Trial in A Rural District in Malawi

Background: House improvement (HI) to prevent mosquito house entry, and larval source management (LSM) targeting aquatic mosquito stages to prevent development into adult forms, are promising complementary interventions to current malaria vector control strategies. Lack of evidence on costs and cost-effectiveness of community-led implementation of HI and LSM has hindered wide scale adoption. This study presents an incremental cost analysis of community-led implementation of HI and LSM, in a factorial design trial, in addition to standard national malaria control interventions in Chikwawa district, southern Malawi. Methods: In the trial, LSM comprised draining, �lling, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis larvicide application, while HI involved closing of eaves and gaps on walls, and screening windows and ventilation spaces with wire mesh. Communities implemented all interventions. Costs were estimated retrospectively using the ‘ingredients approach’, combining both ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down approaches’, from the societal perspective. To estimate the cost of independently implementing each intervention arm, resources shared between trial arms (e.g. overheads) were allocated to each consuming arm using proxies developed based on share of resource input quantities consumed. Incremental implementation costs (in 2017 US$) are presented for HI only, LSM only and HI+LSM arms. In sensitivity analyses, the effect of varying costs of important inputs on estimated costs was explored. Results: The total economic program costs of community-led HI and LSM implementation was $626,152. Economic implementation costs of HI, LSM and HI+LSM were estimated as $27.04, $25.06 and $33.44, per person per year, respectively. Staff, transport and labour costs, but not larvicide or screening material, were the major cost drivers across all interventions. Estimated costs were sensitive to changes in staff costs and population covered. Conclusions: In the context of the trial, the economic costs of community-led HI and LSM implementation were high compared to conventional vector control interventions. Several factors, including the year-round implementation of LSM and low human population density could explain the high costs. The factorial trial design necessitated use of proxies to allocate costs shared between trial arms, which may limit generalisability of estimated costs where different designs are used.