Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the expressibility of stable logic programming

Schlipf (1995) proved that Stable Logic Programming (SLP) solves all $\mathit{NP}$ decision problems. We extend Schlipf's result to prove that SLP solves all search problems in the class $\mathit{NP}$. Moreover, we do this in a uniform way as defined in Marek and Truszczyński (1991). Specifically, we show that there is a single $\mathrm{DATALOG}^{\neg}$ program $P_{\mathit{Trg}}$ such that given any Turing machine $M$, any polynomial $p$ with non-negative integer coefficients and any input $\sigma$ of size $n$ over a fixed alphabet $\Sigma$, there is an extensional database $\mathit{edb}_{M,p,\sigma}$ such that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the stable models of $\mathit{edb}_{M,p,\sigma} \cup P_{\mathit{Trg}}$ and the accepting computations of the machine $M$ that reach the final state in at most $p(n)$ steps. Moreover, $\mathit{edb}_{M,p,\sigma}$ can be computed in polynomial time from $p$, $\sigma$ and the description of $M$ and the decoding of such accepting computations from its corresponding stable model of $\mathit{edb}_{M,p,\sigma} \cup P_{\mathit{Trg}}$ can be computed in linear time. A similar statement holds for Default Logic with respect to $\Sigma_2^\mathrm{P}$-search problems.The proof of this result involves additional technical complications and will be a subject of another publication.
Effects of the Variety of Document Retrieval Methods on Interactive Information Access - An Experiment in the NTCIR-9 VisEx Task -

An experiment was conducted by participating in the NTCIR-9 VisEx task, which examines how diﬀerent document retrieval methods provided by an information access environment in(cid:13)uence the results and process of interactive information access. The experiment compared the baseline sys-tem, which only provides a common keyword-based retrieval method, with our experimental UTLIS system, which provides, in addition to keyword-based retrieval, narrowing-down of obtained documents by specifying related place names and publication dates, and similarity-based retrieval. A pre-liminary analysis of the data shows that in the VisEx task, these retrieval methods changed the process of interactive information access without signi(cid:12)cantly aﬀecting the amount and quality of information obtained.
Quantification of Intestinal Bacterial Populations by Real-Time PCR with a Universal Primer Set and Minor Groove Binder Probes: a Global Approach to the Enteric Flora

ABSTRACT The composition of the human intestinal flora is important for the health status of the host. The global composition and the presence of specific pathogens are relevant to the effects of the flora. Therefore, accurate quantification of all major bacterial populations of the enteric flora is needed. A TaqMan real-time PCR-based method for the quantification of 20 dominant bacterial species and groups of the intestinal flora has been established on the basis of 16S ribosomal DNA taxonomy. A PCR with conserved primers was used for all reactions. In each real-time PCR, a universal probe for quantification of total bacteria and a specific probe for the species in question were included. PCR with conserved primers and the universal probe for total bacteria allowed relative and absolute quantification. Minor groove binder probes increased the sensitivity of the assays 10- to 100-fold. The method was evaluated by cross-reaction experiments and quantification of bacteria in complex clinical samples from healthy patients. A sensitivity of 101 to 103 bacterial cells per sample was achieved. No significant cross-reaction was observed. The real-time PCR assays presented may facilitate understanding of the intestinal bacterial flora through a normalized global estimation of the major contributing species.
New material of scalidophoran worms in Orsten-type preservation from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China

Abstract. Scalidophoran worms diversified in the Cambrian Fortunian, as indicated by recent reports from this stage, with two described species and two more unnamed forms exclusively from Orsten-type Lagerstätten yielding three-dimensionally phosphatized fossils. Here, we report new material of scalidophoran worms in Orsten-type preservation from the Cambrian Fortunian Xinli section in northern Sichuan Province, South China. At least five forms of scalidophoran worms were recovered from this location, including Eokinorhynchus rarus Zhang et al., 2015 and four unnamed taxa—Forms A, B, C, and D. Co-occurring disassociated spinose small shelly fossils might also be isolated cuticular elements of these early scalidophoran worms. The ontogeny of Eokinorhynchus rarus is revised. Forms A, C, and D are assigned to total-group Scalidophora to indicate their uncertain positions within Scalidophora, while Form B might be a close relative of Eokinorhynchus rarus. The current work highlights the significance of Orsten-type Lagerstätten in uncovering the morphology, ontogeny, and taxonomy of early Scalidophora and Cycloneuralia, made particularly available by the new finds in China.
IF 3-Mediated Suppression of a GUA Initiation Codon Mutation in the recJ Gene of Escherichia coli

A mutational change of the initiation codon to GUA was found to reduce, but not abolish, expression of the recJ gene of Escherichia coli. Specific mutations in translational initiation factor IF3 have been isolated as second-site suppressors of this GUA initiation codon mutation. One of these, infC135, with an arginine-toproline change at amino acid 131, completely restores a wild-type phenotype to recJ GUA initiation codon mutants and acts in a semidominant fashion. The infC135 mutation increased expression of RecJ from the GUA mutant but had no effect on the normal GUG start. The infC135 mutation also abolished autoregulation of IF3 in cis and in trans. The behavior of this IF3 mutant suggests that it has specifically lost its ability to abort initiation from poor initiation codons such as GUA of recJ and the AUU of infC. Because of the impact of IF3 on recJ, a recombination and repair gene, this role of IF3 must be general and not restricted to translation genes. The dominance of infC135 suggests that the other functions of IF3, for instance its ability to bind to 30S ribosomes, must remain intact. Although the ability to discriminate among initiation codons has been lost in the infC135 mutant, translational initiation was still restricted to the normal initiation site in recJ, even in the presence of a closely juxtaposed alternative initiation codon. Because the recJ gene lacks a canonical ShineDalgarno sequence, other unknown features of the mRNA must serve to specify the initiation site.
Intraspecific competition and coordination in the evolution of lateralization

Recent studies have revealed a variety of left–right asymmetries among vertebrates and invertebrates. In many species, left- and right-lateralized individuals coexist, but in unequal numbers (‘population-level’ lateralization). It has been argued that brain lateralization increases individual efficiency (e.g. avoiding unnecessary duplication of neural circuitry and reducing interference between functions), thus counteracting the ecological disadvantages of lateral biases in behaviour (making individual behaviour more predictable to other organisms). However, individual efficiency does not require a definite proportion of left- and right-lateralized individuals. Thus, such arguments do not explain population-level lateralization. We have previously shown that, in the context of prey–predator interactions, population-level lateralization can arise as an evolutionarily stable strategy when individually asymmetrical organisms must coordinate their behaviour with that of other asymmetrical organisms. Here, we extend our model showing that populations consisting of left- and right-lateralized individuals in unequal numbers can be evolutionarily stable, based solely on strategic factors arising from the balance between antagonistic (competitive) and synergistic (cooperative) interactions.
PCA-based multivariate anomaly detection in mobile healthcare applications

Real time mobile Health applications highly depend on sensor readings to provide high-quality health services. However, real-time sensor readings may be inaccurate and cause abnormal physiological measurements due to internal and external factors. Thus, abnormal readings have a significant impact on the reliability of such applications and consequently affect the patient's life. This paper addresses the following issue by proposing a robust approach for online detection of abnormal medical measurements. The proposed approach is based on robust Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyze collected physiological measurements from sensors and detect the occurrence of multivariate anomalies based on squared prediction error at runtime. We apply our proposed approach on real medical dataset. Our simulation results prove the effectiveness of our approach in achieving good recall with a low false alarm rate. The reduced time and space complexity of our approach make it useful and efficient for real time settings.
SUiS–cross-language ontology-driven information retrieval in a restricted domain

In this paper we present SUiS - Stock-holm University Information System. SUiS tries to ﬁnd answers to a pre-deﬁned set of question types: who, what, when and where. A domain-speciﬁc ontology is used for query expansion and translation, for answer generation, and for document analysis together with Named Entity Recognition modules for recognizing people, locations, organizations, and date expressions. Qualitative user evaluations show satisfactory results as well as indications of areas where the sys-tem could be improved.
Bimodal Transformer with Regional EEG Data for Accurate Gameplay Regularity Classification

As games have been applied across various fields, including education and healthcare, numerous new games tailored to each field have emerged. Therefore, understanding user behavior has become crucial in securing the right players for each type of game. This study provides valuable insights for improving game development by measuring the electroencephalography (EEG) of game users and classifying the frequency of game usage. The multimodal mobile brain-body imaging (MOBI) dataset was employed for this study, and the frequency of game usage was categorized into ”often” and ”sometimes”. To achieve decent classification accuracy, a novel bimodal Transformer architecture featuring dedicated channels for the frontal (AF) and temporal (TP) lobes is introduced, wherein convolutional layers, self-attention mechanisms, and cross-attention mechanisms are integrated into a unified model. The model, designed to differentiate between AF and TP channels, exhibits functional differences between brain regions, allowing for a detailed analysis of inter-channel correlations. Evaluated through five-fold cross-validation (CV) and leave-one-subject-out cross-validation (LOSO CV), the proposed model demonstrates classification accuracies of 88.86% and 85.11%, respectively. By effectively classifying gameplay frequency, this methodology provides valuable insights for targeted game participation and contributes to strategic efforts to develop and design customized games for player acquisition.
Therapeutic antitumor immunity by checkpoint blockade is enhanced by ibrutinib, an inhibitor of both BTK and ITK

Significance Antibodies that block the negative signals between PD1-Ligand on tumor cells and PD-1 on T cells are effective therapies against several types of cancer. Ibrutinib, a covalent inhibitor of BTK is an approved therapy for B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. But ibrutinib also inactivates ITK, an enzyme required for certain subsets of T lymphocytes (Th2 T cells). We found that the combination of anti–PD-L1 antibodies and ibrutinib led to impressive therapeutic effects not only in animal models of lymphoma but, surprisingly, also in models of breast cancer and colon cancer. Based on these preclinical results, we suggest that the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and ibrutinib be tested broadly in patients with lymphoma and also in other hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Monoclonal antibodies can block cellular interactions that negatively regulate T-cell immune responses, such as CD80/CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD1-L, amplifying preexisting immunity and thereby evoking antitumor immune responses. Ibrutinib, an approved therapy for B-cell malignancies, is a covalent inhibitor of BTK, a member of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, which is critical to the survival of malignant B cells. Interestingly this drug also inhibits ITK, an essential enzyme in Th2 T cells and by doing so it can shift the balance between Th1 and Th2 T cells and potentially enhance antitumor immune responses. Here we report that the combination of anti–PD-L1 antibody and ibrutinib suppresses tumor growth in mouse models of lymphoma that are intrinsically insensitive to ibrutinib. The combined effect of these two agents was also documented for models of solid tumors, such as triple negative breast cancer and colon cancer. The enhanced therapeutic activity of PD-L1 blockade by ibrutinib was accompanied by enhanced antitumor T-cell immune responses. These preclinical results suggest that the combination of PD1/PD1-L blockade and ibrutinib should be tested in the clinic for the therapy not only of lymphoma but also in other hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that do not even express BTK.
Telepresence Robots for Dynamic, Safety-Critical Environments

Robots are being introduced into dynamic, safety-critical spaces, like emergency departments (EDs). In EDs, healthcare workers (HCWs) must manage multiple tasks while making decisions that directly affect patient outcomes. If robots are not well-situated in EDs, they could exacerbate existing problems and increase the risk of patient harm. Our work explores how robots can integrate into these spaces to support HCWs. We investigate important factors for situating robots in EDs without disrupting workflow, explore how to support HCWs during interruptions, and develop methods to increase safety and reduce errors during robot control. By informing the development of robots that are designed for safety-critical spaces, we hope to increase access to care and reduce patient harm.
Reiterative pattern of sonic hedgehog expression in the catshark dentition reveals a phylogenetic template for jawed vertebrates

For a dentition representing the most basal extant gnathostomes, that of the shark can provide us with key insights into the evolution of vertebrate dentitions. To detail the pattern of odontogenesis, we have profiled the expression of sonic hedgehog, a key regulator of tooth induction. We find in the catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) that intense shh expression first occurs in a bilaterally symmetrical pattern restricted to broad regions in each half of the dentition in the embryo jaw. As in the mouse, there follows a changing temporal pattern of shh spatial restriction corresponding to epithelial bands of left and right dental fields, but also a subfield for symphyseal teeth. Then, intense shh expression is restricted to loci coincident with a temporal series of teeth in iterative jaw positions. The developmental expression of shh reveals previously undetected timing within epithelial stages of tooth formation. Each locus at alternate, even then odd, jaw positions establishes precise sequential timing for successive replacement within each tooth family. Shh appears first in the central cusp, iteratively along the jaw, then reiteratively within each tooth for secondary cusps. This progressive, sequential restriction of shh is shared by toothed gnathostomes and conserved through 500 million years of evolution.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT USING RASPBERRY PI AND GRAPHLAB

Indoor air pollution is a matter of serious concern at present times. Indoor air pollution or indoor air quality degradation is becoming an issue of discussion among scientists and environmentalists in today’s days. As human beings generally spend most of their time indoors, having good indoor air quality and its real time information is critical for maintaining human health and productivity. According to the EPA, indoor air even in centrally air conditioned buildings is more polluted than outdoor air, due to improperly maintained ventilation systems. Hence it’s an utmost necessity for human beings. Many reports have come out showing how much harmful is Indoor air quality pollution and the bad effects and diseases caused by such deterioration in the indoor air quality. Many solutions have been devised to tackle this air abuse and reduce its effects, also several methods of analyzing the quality of air and further monitoring through specialized sensors, the quality of air inside our household rooms like bedrooms or drawing rooms, even in classrooms and halls. But each of the other works have their own limitations and restraints, some are gathering data only from the classrooms or hall rooms. Nowhere there was any implementation of such measuring system in a bedroom, drawing room. In this research work, we have proposed a quick and easy solution of monitoring the air quality using dedicated sensors by connecting them to a microcontroller. The entire setup is desired to be placed inside classrooms full of students as well as in household rooms having people in them, at various times of the day with different temperature and humidity conditions. The data collected from the classrooms and drawing rooms or bedrooms under several environmental instances are to be uploaded to a server, from where it would be retrieved into our machines. After this collection of data, this data to be analyzed using some machine learning tool to invigilate the attributes of the air present in the rooms, namely the concentration of CO 2 , CO, the quantity of dust particles and their relative variations with changes in temperature or humidity or the number of persons present inside the room. Thus we have developed (1) a prototype to measure the indoor air pollutant concentration (2) a wireless sensor network architecture with a microcontroller (3) a data analyzing algorithm using a sophisticated but popular machine learning tool. Advantages of this prototype is that it was of very low cost and measurement was effective, also the presentation of the data was not at all robust but easy to view and monitor.
Safety of High-dose Intravenous Eptifibatide as an Adjunct to Internal Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stent Placement: A Prospective Registry

OBJECTIVEEptifibatide, a competitive platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor inhibitor with high selectivity for platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptors and a short half-life, has been shown to reduce the risk of ischemic events associated with coronary interventions, particularly when used in high doses. However, its role in conjunction with neurointerventional procedures needs to be determined. We report the results of an open-label prospective registry to evaluate the safety (in terms of avoiding hemorrhagic complications) and effectiveness (in terms of preventing ischemic complications such as stroke) of administering high-dose eptifibatide during internal carotid artery angioplasty and stent placement (CAS) for extracranial carotid artery stenosis. METHODSAfter femoral artery access was established and intravenous heparin (30 U/kg bolus) was administered, each patient was administered intravenous eptifibatide (two 180-&mgr;g/kg single-dose boluses before CAS, then a 2.0-&mgr;g/kg/min infusion for 20–24 hours thereafter). The primary end point was the 30-day composite occurrence of death, cerebral infarction, and unplanned or urgent endovascular or surgical intervention. The primary safety end point was bleeding, for which complications were classified according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction scheme as major (hemoglobin decrease of more than 5 g/dl), minor (hemoglobin decrease of 3–5 g/dl), or insignificant. Platelet aggregation was measured in 13 consecutive patients with a rapid platelet-function analyzer. RESULTSTwenty-six patients (mean age, 68.1 ± 9.4 yr; 16 men) underwent treatment. The infusion and the CAS procedure were discontinued in one patient who developed angioneurotic edema after being administered intravenous heparin and the first bolus dose of eptifibatide. Among the 25 patients who underwent the procedure, no intracerebral hemorrhages and one minor ischemic stroke occurred during the 1-month follow-up period. The minor stroke was observed on postprocedure Day 7 in a patient for whom antiplatelet therapy was discontinued before a coronary artery bypass graft operation was performed. Another patient was discharged after an uncomplicated hospitalization but died as a result of urinary sepsis 12 days after CAS. One episode of major bleeding from the femoral insertion site required surgical repair and blood transfusions. Minor bleeding occurred in one patient. Platelet aggregation measurements obtained in 13 patients revealed a high degree (mean, 96%; range, 86–100%) of platelet inhibition after the administration of the second bolus dose of intravenous eptifibatide. CONCLUSIONHigh-dose eptifibatide administered as an adjunct to CAS seems to be safe. Further studies are required to analyze its effectiveness and role in neurointerventional procedures.
Factors Associated with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N2 Infection on Table-Egg Layer Farms in the Midwestern United States, 2015

SUMMARY A case-control study was conducted among commercial table-egg layer and pullet operations in Iowa and Nebraska, United States, to investigate potential risk factors for infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 28 case farms and 31 control farms. Data were collected at the farm and barn levels, enabling two separate analyses to be performed—the first a farm-level comparison of case farms vs. control farms, and the second a barn-level comparison between case barns on case farms and control barns on control farms. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit using a forward-selection procedure. Key risk factors identified were farm location in an existing control zone, rendering and garbage trucks coming near barns, dead-bird disposal located near barns, and visits by a company service person. Variables associated with a decreased risk of infection included visitors changing clothing, cleaning and disinfecting a hard-surface barn entryway, and ceiling/eaves ventilation in barns.
A Cyclone Identification Algorithm with Persistent Homology and Merge-Tree

This paper addresses a cyclone identification algorithm with the superlevel set filtration of the persistent homology together with the merge-tree reconstruction of data. Based on the information of peaks and saddles of the scaler field, the newly developed algorithm divides the analysis area into several homology classes, each of which satisfies the peak-to-saddle difference larger than a criterion that should be set in advance. Applied to the 850-hPa relative vorticity in the western North Pacific at 1200 UTC on 2 March 2013, 3 homology classes were found with the criterion of 100 × 10 −6 s −1 and 17 homology classes were found with the criterion of 50 × 10 −6 s −1 . The merge-tree restructuring clarified the neighbour relation among homology classes. The result suggests that the weak criterion detected too much homology classes, some of which are small peaks inside of a single cyclone. The clima-tology feature density provides the Pacific storm track with the strict criterion. Finally, a possible way to extend toward cyclone tracking with the persistent homology is discussed. ( Citation : Inatsu, M., H. Kato, Y. Katsuyama, Y. Hiraoka, and I. Ohbayashi, 2017: A cyclone identification algorithm with persistent homology and merge-tree. SOLA , 13 , 214−218, doi: 10.2151/sola.2017-039.)