Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflict Management Approaches Under Unclear Boundaries of the Commons: Experiences from Danau Sentarum National Park, Indonesia

SUMMARY Research on the role of local institutions in conflict management is still limited. This study highlights various inter-settlement conflicts over the issue of unclear resource boundaries in Danau Sentarum National Park, Indonesia. The park is home to two major ethnic groups (Dayak Iban and Malay) whose livelihoods are highly dependent on fish and forest resources available in the park area. We demonstrate how local institutions (adat) are used to address boundary conflicts and consider their effectiveness. The study also discusses challenges that adat face in ensuring the effectiveness of conflict management. We argue that enhancing communication and developing a mechanism of exchange among settlements engaged in conflict will promote better understanding of the problem and thus allows improvement in the current approaches in managing conflict. We propose a co-management arrangement to ensure the sustainability of the park and to constructively manage the conflict in the area.
Absorptive Capacity and Social Capital in Regional Innovation Systems: The Case of the Lahti Region in Finland

The recent theories of innovation suggest that there is great potential for innovation in the structural holes and weak links of the innovation system. Higher absorptive capacity enables an easier crossing over of structural holes in the innovation system, aided by social capital that is located in the social relationships of actors. However, the level of human and social interaction in regional innovation systems has been largely neglected as a research topic. Empirical research on a sample in the Lahti region in Finland suggested three forms of social capital: organisational bonding social capital, regional bridging social capital and personal creative social capital. Further analysis revealed three groups of actors’ interaction behaviour: Missionaries, House Mice and the Passive Resistance.
Understanding productivity changes in public universities: Evidence from Spain

This study examines the productivity growth of Spanish universities over the period 1994--2008. The Malmquist index is used to illustrate the contribution of efficiency and technological change to changes in the universities' productivity. The results indicate that annual productivity growth is attributable largely to efficiency improvements rather than technological progress. Gains in scale efficiency appear to have played only a minor role in productivity gains. The results contribute to the knowledge of the university system in Spain, describing different university behaviours that could be useful for management at the institutional and national level. Copyright The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
Ethnic Change, Concern over Immigration, and Approval of State Government

The popularity and approval of a governor among their state citizenry is a central form of political capital that animates the informal power key to their legislative success and bolsters their prospects for reelection. Within the extant literature exploring the sources of approval of state executives, the lion’s share of the work focuses on the deleterious effects on approval of a poorly performing national and state economy. In the present article, we rely on the same logic underlying the economic-centered research—namely, that unhappy citizens blame governors and state governments for their discontent—but focus on the impact on approval of an entirely separate and relatively unexplored domain of life in a state: ethno-demographics. This article advances the hypothesis that citizen discontent over drastic ethnic change in their local environment is politicized as concern over immigration, which in turn serves as a concrete political issue through which personal discontent over increased ethnic diversity is translated into lower approval of state government. This hypothesis is tested within the context of the state of California using pooled statewide survey data. Our analyses demonstrate that growth in the Hispanic population within a respondent’s county of residence significantly increases concern over immigration within the state, and that concern over immigration significantly decreases approval of state government across the board, including the governor, the state legislature, and one’s local state representatives.
Throwaway History

In this article, we consider how brand artifacts and ephemera can be used to understand social and cultural history. We present an analysis of the Museum of Brands, Packaging & Advertising in London and examine the collection of exhibits. Our analysis reveals that the museum is predominantly a collection of low involvement brands that reflect important developments in British society and culture over the past 150 years. We begin with a historiography of brands in Britain from 1800 – 1980 drawn primarily from the field of business history. We then analyze the exhibits of the museum and its collections, considering the predominance of low involvement brands in the collection and the relationship between the museum and its corporate sponsors. Finally, we evaluate brands as sociocultural phenomena and explore what the exhibits at the museum imply for contemporary brand management theory. We conclude that low involvement brands have been neglected within brand management research and that our collective throwaway history of brands and packaging are rich sources for understanding society and culture.
Multicenter Comparison of PCR Assays for Detection of Human Herpesvirus 8 DNA in Semen

ABSTRACT Reported prevalences of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in semen have ranged widely. This is possibly due to differences in assay sensitivity, geographic or population-based differences in the true presence of the virus in semen, and PCR contamination. This study assessed interlaboratory sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of blinded experimental panels, each consisting of 48 specimens and being composed of semen specimens from different healthy artificial-insemination donors (n = 30) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (n = 7) plus positive (n = 4) and negative (n = 7) controls. The experimental panels analyzed in each laboratory were identical except for being independently coded. Of 10 experiments done in five laboratories, 5 experiments from three laboratories had evidence of PCR contamination; all instances of contamination were in the context of nested PCR procedures. In the experiments with no false-positive results, HHV-8 DNA was detected in three (8%) of the 37 semen specimens (two from artificial-insemination donors and one from an HIV-positive patient) but in only 3 (1.6%) of the 184 PCRs in which these specimens were analyzed. This suggests that HHV-8 DNA is present in semen at concentrations that can be too low to allow its consistent detection. This study emphasizes the importance of performing blinded, multi-institution experiments to provide a coherent basis for comparing results and to motivate standardization of methods.
Spatial Pattern of Tourist Flows Among the Asia-Pacific Countries: An Examination over a Decade

The spatial dimension of tourism provides insights about travel demands and travel flows and helps destinations in planning, development and management. The last decade has witnessed a steady and rapid growth in the Asia-Pacific region's tourism industry, in terms of both inbound and outbound travel. This particular study aimed to: (a) provide information and explore the changes on the nature of travel flows as measured by the tourist arrivals among the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) member countries for the years of 1995 and 2004; (b) assess general propensity to travel among PATA countries using the concepts of Country Potential Generation Index and Gross Travel Propensity; and (c) examine the shift in the past decade in terms of the relative tourism generation power of PATA countries by comparing and contrasting the 1995 and 2004 indices. The results of the study provide an overview of the spatial patterns of travel flows and travel propensity in Pacific Asia region over a 10-year period. The study demonstrates that the functions of travel flows and indices are complementary and provide an informative picture of spatial travel behavior and demand.
Discrimination in the Payment of Full-Time Wage Premiums

This study investigates how many hours must be worked per week in order for workers in different race and gender groups to receive a high-hours (full-time) wage premium. An analysis of 1989 Current Population Survey data shows that across occupations, both white and black men received a full-time wage premium for working at least 33 hours per week, whereas white women had to work at least 37 hours and black women at least 39 hours to receive the premium. Controlling for occupation changes the threshold for black women to 33 hours, but does not change the results for the other groups. The authors find that the observed differences account for, at most, two percentage points of the wage differentials across race and gender.
Microneurographic assessment of C‐fibre function in aged healthy subjects

Physiological changes in the nervous system occur with ageing. Both a decline of function and a decrease in the number of C‐fibres in the skin have been reported for healthy aged subjects. With the use of microneurographic recordings from single C‐fibres in humans we have compared the sensory and axonal properties of these neurones in young and aged healthy subjects. A total of 146 C‐fibres were recorded from the common peroneal nerve in young subjects (mean age 24.7 years) and 230 C‐fibres were recorded in aged subjects (mean age 56.2 years). In aged subjects, changes were found in the composition of the C‐fibre population and in sensory and axonal properties. The relative incidence of afferent to efferent C‐fibres was relatively constant independent of the age of subjects. The ratio of mechano‐responsive to mechano‐insensitive nociceptors was approximately 8 : 2 in the young controls while in aged subjects it was 7 : 3. In aged subjects 13% of the fibres showed atypical discharge characteristics, while this was not observed in young subjects. Spontaneous activity, sensitization and loss of sensory function were found regularly. Changes in functions of the conductile membrane were also observed in fibres from aged subjects. The degree of activity‐dependent conduction velocity slowing in response to high frequency stimulation (2 Hz) was more pronounced, while the normalization of conduction velocity subsequent to high frequency stimulation was protracted. We found that both sensitization and desensitization or degeneration of afferent C‐fibres occur with age, but are still rare compared to patients with neuropathy. The changes in the axonal properties of C‐fibres in aged subjects are compatible with hypoexcitability of the fibres. These findings are important for the understanding and differential diagnoses regarding pathological processes and normal ageing.
Drosophila doubletime Mutations Which either Shorten or Lengthen the Period of Circadian Rhythms Decrease the Protein Kinase Activity of Casein Kinase I

ABSTRACT In both mammals and fruit flies, casein kinase I has been shown to regulate the circadian phosphorylation of the period protein (PER). This phosphorylation regulates the timing of PER's nuclear accumulation and decline, and it is necessary for the generation of circadian rhythms. In Drosophila melanogaster, mutations affecting a casein kinase I (CKI) ortholog called doubletime (dbt) can produce short or long periods. The effects of both a short-period (dbtS ) and long-period (dbtL ) mutation on DBT expression and biochemistry were analyzed. Immunoblot analysis of DBT in fly heads showed that both the dbtS and dbtL mutants express DBT at constant levels throughout the day. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation of DBT and PER showed that wild-type DBT, DBTS, and DBTL proteins can bind to PER equivalently and that these interactions are mediated by the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal part of DBT. However, both the dbtS and dbtL mutations reduced the CKI-7-sensitive kinase activity of an orthologous Xenopus laevis CKIδ expressed in Escherichia coli. Moreover, expression of DBT in Drosophila S2 cells produced a CKI-7-sensitive kinase activity which was reduced by both the dbtS and dbtL mutations. Thus, lowered enzyme activity is associated with both short-period and long-period phenotypes.
Effects of income, assets and age on the vacationing behavior of US consumers

This study uses multinomial logistic regression analysis of a nationally-representative database of US consumers’ vacationing to better understand the relative effects on vacationing behavior of economic variables (such as annual income and liquid assets), when compared to age-group effects. In this extensive research, the effects of the economic variables dominated the effects of the age-group variable. When considering possible differences across age-groups, in-depth analysis using five age-groups disclosed uniformity across three age groups covering a 40-year age range from 35 to 75 years. Notably, this age range included the Baby Boomers, as well as two groups of Seniors. These results suggest that vacation researchers should be careful to not use the ‘Senior’ classification too loosely. Seniors under the age of 75 manifest vacationing behaviors in a way similar to Baby Boomers aged 35-55. These younger Seniors manifest much different vacationing behavior compared to Seniors aged 75 and older.
Understanding Urban Development Through a Sport Events Portfolio: A Case Study of London, Ontario

This study investigates the underdeveloped area of event portfolios in an attempt to fill a gap in the existing literature. This research article examines strategic positioning of events and the critical role they play in local development. To understand this, a case study design was performed in a medium-sized city in Canada. The purpose of the study was to determine how the city has used sport events for broader local development and enhancement of the civic brand. Interviews with local city actors and document analyses were used to further understand the strategies within the community. The results show that although a city may possess the necessary portfolio components as per Ziakas & Costa (2011), it is essential that there is a strategy that bridges the pieces of the portfolio for sustainable development. Consequently, we found that sequencing, or the strategic timing of events and political grounds, played a crucial role in this process.
A survey of testing and monitoring methods for stator insulation systems in induction machines

A breakdown of the electrical insulation system causes catastrophic failure of the electrical machine and brings large process downtime losses. To determine the conditions of the stator insulation system of motor drive systems, various testing and monitoring methods have been developed. This paper presents an in-depth literature review of more than 20 existing methods, including the most common methods to assess the phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase, and turn-to-turn insulation conditions. The methods are categorized into as online and offline methods, each of which are further grouped into specific areas according to their physical nature. The paper focuses on turn-to-turn insulation testing and monitoring of low-voltage machines, which is a rapidly expanding area for both research and product development efforts. Finally, a new approach to online monitoring of turn-to-turn insulation faults for low-voltage induction motors is recommended.
Partisan Responses to the European Union in Cyprus

Abstract In Cyprus, the EU cleavage has never gained a prominent position in domestic party competition, at least hitherto. However, the EU could become politicized as a result of recent economic developments. The article analyses party responses to the EU and suggests that Cyprus party politics towards the EU are largely determined by: (a) strategic factors relating to party competition and governmentability, (b) the country’s specific circumstances, i.e. the unresolved Cyprus problem and (c) public opinion. Nonetheless, a turn to the economy is already evident in most recent times.
A Study on the Different Image Segmentation Technique

This paper presents an overview of some well- known image segmentation techniques. The segmentation process divides a given image into different regions and objects. Image Segmentation has become popular due to its many vision applications. The main goal of this survey is to explore various algorithms of image segmentation. The short-comings of the survey on image segmentation algorithms have also been evaluated. The main focus of this paper is on the clustering based segmentation techniques. This paper concludes with certain limitations of available techniques and also the possible solutions for the same for future use.
Straight Roads and Winding Tracks: Swedish educational policy from a gender equality perspective

ABSTRACT A review of Swedish educational policy and educational research indicates that labour market considerations have had a high visibility. Straight routes through the educational system have been laid out in order to equalise and make the system more efficient. Empirical studies show that women's strategies to combine education, work and family often resulted in ‘winding tracks’ through education. Predominant research models tend to adjust to the ‘straight roads’ of educational policy while women's winding routes have been set aside. The current Swedish goal of equality between men and women gives work and parenthood the same weight for both sexes. This article discusses whether this goal could set a challenging framework for a research agenda where more gender‐sensitive methodologies are developed as well as gender‐sensitive concepts, upgrading women's knowledge, experiences and values.
Reviewing the Effectiveness of Contribution of Microstrip Antenna in the Communication System

The wireless communication serves the efficient information among two or more points wirelessly. Antenna is the main component in the communica-tion, which radiates and receives the radio waves or in broad way. The an-tenna also plays a role of impedance matching device, which performs the mat- ching of impedances like free-space & transmitter and receiver im-pedances at receiver end. The antennas can be categorized as Wire Antenna, Reflector Antenna, Multi-strip Antenna, Aperture Antenna, Lens Antenna, and Array Antenna. In this paper, the Multi-strip Antenna fundamentals are discussed with its categorization. In this paper various aspects of the Multi-strip antenna are discussed along with the existing researches in it. A research gap is formulated based on the research survey and presents a future scope of research. The existing research gap in Multi-strip Antenna is formulated along with the future line of research in order to overcome the existing research gap.
New Labour's Reform of Britain's Employment Law: The Devil is not only in the Detail but in the Values and Policy Too

The Labour government's goal of social partnership embodies a particular view of the appropriate role of labour within the employment relationship, which requires the marginalization of trade unionism as an autonomous force. Its programme of employment law reform combines a dual focus: first, the reaffirmation of measures that weaken workers' collective power through the exclusion of autonomous trade unionism, and second, initiatives to regulate the labour market, strengthen workers' rights within the employment relationship, and include enterprise-confined, cooperative unions as subordinate 'partners'. However, the second policy dimension has been diluted because of the commitment to free-market values. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd/London School of Economics 2001.
The utilitarian and social dual presence in Web 2.0 services

A unidimentional construct of utilitarianism in exploring the adoption of Web 2.0 services is not enough to capture the complexity of user experience. There is a need to pursue a broader conceptualisation that goes beyond the utilitarian presence that has dominated studies in innovation adoption, and incorporates social presence as well. The results suggest that the utilitarian and social dual presence provide a richer insight into the nature of user experience in the Web 2.0 services. Further, this study discovers the users' continuance intention beyond utilitarian benefit sought but more social-oriented. Users are preferential to the social superior option when the minimum utilitarian benefits are met. Users are more interested in the social links that come from service affiliations than the service itself. The differences in magnitudes of effects of utilitarian and social presence provide insights for designers and managers to prioritise resources and to personalise the service's interface design.
The impact of quorum sensing and swarming motility on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation is nutritionally conditional

The role of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation is unclear. Some researchers have shown that quorum sensing is important for biofilm development, while others have indicated it has little or no role. In this study, the contribution of quorum sensing to biofilm development was found to depend upon the nutritional environment. Depending upon the carbon source, quorum‐sensing mutant strains (lasIrhlI and lasRrhlR) either exhibited a pronounced defect early in biofilm formation or formed biofilms identical to the wild‐type strain. Quorum sensing was then shown to exert its nutritionally conditional control of biofilm development through regulation of swarming motility. Examination of pilA and fliM mutant strains further supported the role of swarming motility in biofilm formation. These data led to a model proposing that the prevailing nutritional conditions dictate the contributions of quorum sensing and swarming motility at a key juncture early in biofilm development.
Thematic Review Series: Glycerolipids. Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis Published, JLR Papers in Press, January 19, 2008.

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is made in mammalian cells from choline via the CDP-choline pathway. Animals obtain choline primarily from the diet or from the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to PC followed by catabolism to choline. The main fate of choline is the synthesis of PC. In addition, choline is oxidized to betaine in kidney and liver and converted to acetylcholine in the nervous system. Mice that lack choline kinase (CK) α die during embryogenesis, whereas mice that lack CKβ unexpectedly develop muscular dystrophy. Mice that lack CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) α also die during early embryogenesis, whereas mice that lack CTβ exhibit gonadal dysfunction. The cytidylyltransferase β isoform also plays a role in the branching of axons of neurons. An alternative PC biosynthetic pathway in the liver uses phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase to catalyze the formation of PC from PE. Mice that lack the methyltransferase survive but die from steatohepatitis and liver failure when placed on a choline-deficient diet. Hence, choline is an essential nutrient. PC biosynthesis is required for normal very low density lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes. Recent studies indicate that choline is recycled in the liver and redistributed from kidney, lung, and intestine to liver and brain when choline supply is attenuated.