Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stateful manifest contracts

This paper studies hybrid contract verification for an imperative higher-order language based on a so-called manifest contract system. In manifest contract systems, contracts are part of static types and contract verification is hybrid in the sense that some contracts are statically verified, typically by subtyping, but others are dynamically by casts. It is, however, not trivial to extend existing manifest contract systems, which have been designed mostly for pure functional languages, to imperative features, mainly because of the lack of flow-sensitivity, which should be taken into account in verifying imperative programs statically. We develop an imperative higher-order manifest contract system λrefH for flow-sensitive hybrid contract verification. We introduce a computational variant of Nanevski et al's Hoare types, which are flow-sensitive types to represent pre- and postconditions of impure computation. Our Hoare types are computational in the sense that pre- and postconditions are given by Booleans in the same language as programs so that they are dynamically verifiable. λrefH also supports refinement types as in existing manifest contract systems to describe flow-insensitive, state-independent contracts of pure computation. While it is desirable that any-possibly state-manipulating-predicate can be used in contracts, abuse of stateful operations will break the system. To control stateful operations in contracts, we introduce a region-based effect system, which allows contracts in refinement types and computational Hoare types to manipulate states, as long as they are observationally pure and read-only, respectively. We show that dynamic contract checking in our calculus is consistent with static typing in the sense that the final result obtained without dynamic contract violations satisfies contracts in its static type. It in particular means that the state after stateful computations satisfies their postconditions. As in some of prior manifest contract systems, static contract verification in this work is "post facto," that is, we first define our manifest contract system so that all contracts are checked at run time, formalize conditions when dynamic checks can be removed safely, and show that programs with and without such removable checks are contextually equivalent. We also apply the idea of post facto verification to region-based local reasoning, inspired by the frame rule of Separation Logic.
DiSCl: Distributed Intelligent Subspace Clustering, a density based clustering approach for very high dimensional distributed dataset

In this paper, a problem called, “Distributed Subspace Clustering for high dimensional distributed database, based on density notion of clustering” is explored. To solve this problem, we described our algorithm ISC (Intelligent Subspace Clustering) which uses the concept called Hierarchical Subspace Clustering. ISC finds the input parameter ∊ i.e. the distance, required for any density based clustering, adaptively at various levels of dimensionalities. This gives the ability of incremental learning and dynamic inclusion and exclusions of subspaces which lead to better cluster formation.
TREBLE DAMAGES REFORM: IMPLICATIONS OF THE GEORGETOWN PROJECT

The Reagan Administration's proposed Antitrust Remedies Improvements Act1 would alter private antitrust litigation in four ways: (1) elimination of treble damages in suits by competitors (and others) that base damages on lost profits; (2) automatic payment of prejudgment interest in non-treble damage suits; (3) claim reduction in price fixing cases; (4) payment of attorney's fees to defendants in "frivolous" cases.2
Graphical User Interface for Silk-A Link Discovery Framework for the Web of Data

The publication of Linked datasets on the Linked Open Data cloud has been increasing. Only very few of these datasets are interlinked with each other. Lots of tools have been developed for making interlinking between linked datasets. Silk-A Link Discovery Framework is a tool that allows one to do interlinking between data items within different Linked Data sources. The Silk Linking Specification Language (Silk-LSL) allows the user to write a script for specifying conditions that need to be met in order for resource to be interlinked. The Silk- LSL file can be either written by manually or generated with the help of tools. The manual approach requires skilled users and hard work for manually discovering the classes and classes’ properties of the datasets that need to be interlinked. Hence, an automatic approach for solving this problem is needed. This thesis document proposes an application which guides the users through the process of specifying linking conditions during the creation of the Silk LSL program. The tool is called Silk Magic, and helps users in the process of creating an LSL file. The application provides various features for editing linking conditions. These features provide an interactive tree view for specifying the linking conditions that are required in order to generate the file. The Silk Magic application with its three main features: Similarity functions editor, Query Builder editor and Path Expression editor are the main contributions of this Master Thesis.
Preparation and Characterization of Guar-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Polymer-clay nanocomposites are highly sought-after materials, mainly due to their applicability in a variety of avenues. From the standpoint of the preparation of these nanocomposites, however, organic compatibility with clay and adherence to “green chemistry” concepts and principles can be limiting factors. As such, the objective was to prepare a biopolymer-modified clay nanocomposite using a simple and environmentally friendly method of preparation, whereby pre-treatment of the clay for organic compatibility was bypassed. Novel montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared using neutral guar gum and cationic guar gum. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of intercalated structures. A monolayer configuration of cationic guar within the interlayer space was indicated by XRD results, while treatment with neutral guar gum resulted in the observance of both monolayer and bilayer configurations. Additionally, TEM results indicated partial exfoliation. Results attributed from 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CP/MAS NMR) of the nanocomposites indicated peaks corresponding to the guar constituent, confirming the adsorption of the biopolymer. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES) results indicated the exchange of cations present in neutral guar gum with the sodium cations of montmorillonite, in the case of the neutral guar nanocomposites.
Gene Expression Profile of Increased Heart Rate in Shensongyangxin-Treated Bradycardia Rabbits

Aims. The present study tries to investigate the gene expression profile of bradycardia rabbits' hearts after SSYX (SSYX, a traditional Chinese medicine) treatment. Methods. Eighteen adult rabbits were randomly assigned in three groups: sham, model, and SSYX treatment groups. Heart rate was recorded in rabbits and total RNA was isolated from hearts. Gene expression profiling was conducted and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to confirm the gene expression results. Patch clamp using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes was applied to record the calcium current in the presence of SSYX. Results. The mean RR interval reduced after six weeks due to the injury of the sinoatrial node in the model group. This effect was partially reversed by 4-week SSYX treatment. cDNA microarray demonstrated that genes related with pacemaker current, calcium ion homeostasis, and signaling were altered by SSYX treatment. Results from patch clamp demonstrated that SSYX reduced the calcium current which is consistent with gene expression results. Conclusion. The present study shows mRNA remodeling of bradycardia and demonstrates that SSYX is effective in treating bradycardia by reversing altered gene expression in bradycardia models. Reduced calcium current by SSYX also confirmed the gene expression results.
An Agent-Based Middleware for Supporting Spontaneous Collaboration among Co-Located , Mobile , and not necessarily Known People

Efficiency oriented activities require some people to collaborate in order to achieve better results. People, who don’t necessarily know to each other, need to be organized, communicated, and coordinated effectively to achieve a successful outcome. Today’s technological advances permit to set up a group of handheld and wireless devices as a network infrastructure for the development of applications to satisfy the mentioned needs. We have designed a agent-based middleware to develop applications that consider not only knowledge and skills of the participants but also physical distance and psycho-social characteristics. In order to explain how to support spontaneous collaboration among people different situations, we describe how to build some kind of applications using the developed middleware. We expect to obtain a tool which not only can provide an adequate communication medium or enhance productivity in developing applications, but also becomes a facilitator of collaboration.
30°-60°-90° Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna: A new shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna

30°-60°-90° triangular shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) is investigated here. The DRA is formed by cutting the equilateral Triangular DRA (TDRA) along its median. Fundamental mode is excited for both antennas. A comparative study between input impedance, S<sub>11</sub> and far-field power patterns are presented. It is found that 30°-60°-90° TDRA produces a peak in the broadside direction.
Cluster cooperation for energy saving in wireless personal networks

Recent years have witnessed an explosive growth of wireless technologies and applications. Without disruptive new approaches for energy saving, 4G mobile users will relentlessly be searching for power outlets rather than network access, and become once again bound to a single location. In this paper, we explore the cooperation among nodes in a cluster for the main goal of saving the battery power of mobile terminals. This paper studies the possibility of decreasing energy consumption through relaying data from all nodes in a cluster through the cluster head. Simulation results are presented from a scenario composed of nodes supporting both UWB (among them) and WiFi communications to an AP. Results demonstrate the gains in energy saving and the benefits incurred to QoS requirements, namely throughput and packet delay. The work also guarantees that the required QoS is always maintained.
Service-Based Semantic Search in P2P Systems

Recently, Semantic Web Services have been increasingly provided to search, access and manipulate information made available from autonomous and heterogeneous systems interacting in a P2P environment. Platform independency is obtained and the possibility of integrating different information sources over the Web is augmented. Service providers can act as peers on the P2P network being able to supply services and to reply to incoming service requests. Highly dynamicity and absence of a common resource conceptualization characterize the environment. As a consequence, a semantic infrastructure to organize on-the-fly distributed services and to support their automatic location is recommended. In this paper we present basic concepts and experimental evaluation of a reference architecture, SERVANT, apt to support service-based semantic search, by means of a distributed service registry.
Sulforaphane Causes Epigenetic Repression of hTERT Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Background Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, is a common dietary component that has histone deacetylase inhibition activity and exciting potential in cancer prevention. The mechanisms by which SFN imparts its chemopreventive properties are of considerable interest and little is known of its preventive potential for breast cancer. Principal Findings We found that SFN significantly inhibits the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro while it has negligible effects on normal breast cells. Inhibition of telomerase has received considerable attention because of its high expression in cancer cells and extremely low level of expression in normal cells. SFN treatment dose- and time-dependently inhibited human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic regulatory subunit of telomerase, in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), especially DNMT1 and DNMT3a, were also decreased in SFN-treated breast cancer cells suggesting that SFN may repress hTERT by impacting epigenetic pathways. Down-regulation of DNMTs in response to SFN induced site-specific CpG demethylation occurring primarily in the first exon of the hTERT gene thereby facilitating CTCF binding associated with hTERT repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of the hTERT promoter revealed that SFN increased the level of active chromatin markers acetyl-H3, acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H4, whereas the trimethyl-H3K9 and trimethyl-H3K27 inactive chromatin markers were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. SFN-induced hyperacetylation facilitated the binding of many hTERT repressor proteins such as MAD1 and CTCF to the hTERT regulatory region. Depletion of CTCF using siRNA reduced the SFN-induced down-regulation of hTERT mRNA transcription in these breast cancer cells. In addition, down-regulation of hTERT expression facilitated the induction of cellular apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Significance Collectively, our results provide novel insights into SFN-mediated epigenetic down-regulation of telomerase in breast cancer prevention and may open new avenues for approaches to SFN-mediated cancer prevention.
Aperiodic substitution systems and their Bratteli diagrams

Abstract We study aperiodic substitution dynamical systems arising from non-primitive substitutions. We prove that the Vershik homeomorphism φ of a stationary ordered Bratteli diagram is topologically conjugate to an aperiodic substitution system if and only if no restriction of φ to a minimal component is conjugate to an odometer. We also show that every aperiodic substitution system generated by a substitution with nesting property is conjugate to the Vershik map of a stationary ordered Bratteli diagram. It is proved that every aperiodic substitution system is recognizable. The classes of m-primitive substitutions and derivative substitutions associated with them are studied. We discuss also the notion of expansiveness for Cantor dynamical systems of finite rank.
Pricing Defaultable Bonds: A New Model Combining Structural Information with the Reduced-Form Approach

We propose a new model to price defaultable bonds which incorporates features of both structural and reduced-form models of credit risk. The main novelty of the model is that the default intensity is described by an additional stochastic differential equation coupled with the process of the firm's asset value. Such an approach allows to incorporate structural information as well as to capture the complex dynamics of unexpected default due to not firm-specific variables. From the practical standpoint, the model proposed offers great flexibility to describe credit spreads and allows to correctly reproduce important stylized facts. In particular yield-spread curves of many different shape can be obtained, including double humped term curves, which reveals to be crucial in order to accurately fit realized market data. Finally the model is also mathematically tractable, as a closed-form approximate solution can be obtained using a perturbation approach in conjunction with the Laplace transform. Extensive numerical simulation is presented showing that this formula is accurate and computationally efficient.
Cooperative approach for an optimal area coverage and connectivity in multi-robot systems

This paper addresses the problem of covering an open area by using multiple robots. Our paper proposes a heuristic algorithm to maximize area coverage of mobile robots team and maintain connectivity. This algorithm adopts the principle of spreading a wave in order to guide the movements of robots. This wave starts from a point and spreading in regular way. So in each step, the central robot builds a wave around it using the adequate robots from its direct neighbors. The mobile robots coordinate to determine the next destinations to reach, so the coverage time and traveled distance is minimized. Also the robots network has less overhead messages because each robot communicates only with it directs neighbors. We present also an approach for self-redeployment in case of failure. The simulation results are presented to validate the performance of our approach.
Significant Location Detection & Prediction in Cellular Networks using Artificial Neural Networks

Location services and applications, based on network data or global positioning systems, are greatly influencing and changing the way people use mobile phone networks by improving not only user-applications but also the network management part. These applications and services can be further developed by introducing location prediction. We design a system that logs cell id and timestamp data from the users' mobile device, detects the significance of the location to the user, such as home and workplace, and predicts future locations over a chosen time period using artificial neural networks. A novel method is designed for location detection that automatically determines the significance of the location to the user, by spatial and temporal analysis. In our approach, the neural network is automatically adapted, with the help of the location detection algorithm, to the period of the week for which a prediction is desired, achieving accurate weekday and weekend location prediction.
ASIST: architectural support for instruction set randomization

Code injection attacks continue to pose a threat to today's computing systems, as they exploit software vulnerabilities to inject and execute arbitrary, malicious code. Instruction Set Randomization (ISR) is able to protect a system against remote machine code injection attacks by randomizing the instruction set of each process. This way, the attacker will inject invalid code that will fail to execute on the randomized processor. However, all the existing implementations of ISR are based on emulators and binary instrumentation tools that (i) incur a significant runtime performance overhead, (ii) limit the ease of deployment of ISR, (iii) cannot protect the underlying operating system kernel, and (iv) are vulnerable to evasion attempts trying to bypass ISR protection. To address these issues we propose ASIST: an architecture with hardware and operating system support for ISR. We present the design and implementation of ASIST by modifying and mapping a SPARC processor onto an FPGA board and running our modified Linux kernel to support the new features. The operating system loads the randomization key of each running process into a newly defined register, and the modified processor decodes the process's instructions with this key before execution. Moreover, ASIST protects the system against attacks that exploit kernel vulnerabilities to run arbitrary code with elevated privileges, by using a separate randomization key for the operating system. We show that ASIST transparently protects all applications and the operating system kernel from machine code injection attacks with less than 1.5% runtime overhead, while only requiring 0.7% additional hardware.
What lessons can be learned from recent financial crises?: the Swedish experience

Before I came to Sveriges Riksbank I was state secretary at the Ministry of Finance and involved, among other things, in the management of Sweden’s financial crisis. While there had, of course, been a good many indications of mounting problems, I was personally made formally aware of the acute and severe financial crisis by a phone call. At the beginning of October 1991, I had been in the job just a few days when I got a call from the head of the Financial Supervisory Authority (banking supervision in Sweden is performed by this authority, not by the central bank). He wanted to inform the government that a large Swedish bank had more than exhausted its equity capital and would have to go bankrupt if a reconstruction could not be arranged.
Monetary policy and the role of exchange rate: the case of Jordan

This thesis aimed at investigating the impact of changes in the exchange rate on the demand for money and the trade balance in Jordan. Using Johansen (1991 and 1995) approach for cointegration analysis and the equilibrium-correction model (ECM), we examined the existence of stable long-run relationships for the demand for money and the demand for exports and imports. Using the VAR analysis, we analyzed the potential channels of monetary policy transmission mechanism as a vehicle to evaluate the efficiency of monetary policy. A stable long-run relationship has been found for the narrowly defined money which is found positively related to domestic income and the exchange rate and negatively related to domestic real interest rate and foreign interest rate. A stable long-run relationship was also found for the demand of exports and imports. The volume of exports is positively related to income in the trade partner countries and negatively related to exports relative price. Similarly the volume of imports is positively related to domestic income and negatively related to imports relative price. The analysis of monetary policy transmission mechanisms revealed that actions of monetary policy in Jordan has little impact on either the channels of monetary transmission or on the ultimate targets of monetary policy.
Influence of Dietary Plasma Proteins on Supporting Animal Immunity Systems

Spray-dried plasma is used extensively in nursery pig feed to enhance feed intake, growth, and feed efficiency during the post-weaning period. The beneficial effects of SDP are more pronounced under production conditions with high pathogen exposure than with low pathogen exposure. Numerous studies involving challenge with pathogenic bacteria, viruses or protozoa have demonstrated reduced mortality and morbidity with feeding spray-dried animal (bovine or porcine) plasma to various animal species (swine, calves, poultry, shrimp). Several modes of action of SDP have been proposed. Collectively, these proposed actions suggest that oral consumption of SDP may conserve immune response resources through interactive mechanisms between the intestine and other immune system tissues. The purpose of this review is to focus on SDP modulation of the animal’s immune system and how it may be utilized in economically important applications of animal production. Mechanisms of Spray-Dried Plasma
On Estimation of Intermodulated Frequencies for Sinusoidal Signals With Unknown Fundamental Frequencies

In this correspondence, the problem of estimating the intermodulated frequencies of sinusoidal signals with unknown fundamental frequencies is investigated. It is shown that by formulating the intermodulation structure as a constraint in the estimation of these frequencies, a smaller Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) can be obtained, that is, a more accurate estimate of these frequencies can be obtained. The steps in the proposed estimation procedure are i) obtaining initial estimate of the frequencies using existing methods, ii) establishing the intermodulation structure from the initial estimate of the frequencies, and iii) refining the initial estimate using the intermodulation structure. The implementation and performance of the proposed estimation procedure is demonstrated by a simulation example.