Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Murine T-box transcription factor Tbx20 acts as a repressor during heart development, and is essential for adult heart integrity, function and adaptation

The genetic hierarchies guiding lineage specification and morphogenesis of the mammalian embryonic heart are poorly understood. We now show by gene targeting that murine T-box transcription factor Tbx20 plays a central role in these pathways, and has important activities in both cardiac development and adult function. Loss of Tbx20 results in death of embryos at mid-gestation with grossly abnormal heart morphogenesis. Underlying these disturbances was a severely compromised cardiac transcriptional program, defects in the molecular pre-pattern, reduced expansion of cardiac progenitors and a block to chamber differentiation. Notably, Tbx20-null embryos showed ectopic activation of Tbx2 across the whole heart myogenic field. Tbx2 encodes a transcriptional repressor normally expressed in non-chamber myocardium, and in the atrioventricular canal it has been proposed to inhibit chamber-specific gene expression through competition with positive factor Tbx5. Our data demonstrate a repressive activity for Tbx20 and place it upstream of Tbx2 in the cardiac genetic program. Thus, hierarchical, repressive interactions between Tbx20 and other T-box genes and factors underlie the primary lineage split into chamber and non-chamber myocardium in the forming heart, an early event upon which all subsequent morphogenesis depends. Additional roles for Tbx20 in adult heart integrity and contractile function were revealed by in-vivo cardiac functional analysis of Tbx20 heterozygous mutant mice. These data suggest that mutations in human cardiac transcription factor genes, possibly including TBX20, underlie both congenital heart disease and adult cardiomyopathies.
Pyruvate kinase deficiency.

Pyruvate kinase deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body's tissues. People with this disorder have a condition known as chronic hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are broken down (undergo hemolysis) prematurely, resulting in a shortage of red blood cells (anemia). Specifically, pyruvate kinase deficiency is a common cause of a type of inherited hemolytic anemia called hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. In hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, the red blood cells do not assume a spherical shape as they do in some other forms of hemolytic anemia.
Dynamic modeling and simulation of temperature and current effects on an electric vehicles Lithium Ion battery

This paper presents a new simple dynamic Lithium-Ion battery model. It is modelled by MATLAB/Simulink and SimPowerSystems software packages and simulated at different temperatures, load current, and cycle life number. The interest of this model is the ability to study the behavior of this battery, and improve its life cycle. The model is simple and can be implemented in the electrical vehicle. The simulation results show that the modeling of temperature and lifetime of the battery are important to examine battery current and voltage nature at different conditions, unlike the standard model which operates usually at the same condition (25 °C).
Wormhole attack prevention using clustering and digital signatures in reactive routing

Owing to features of open medium, absence of infrastructure, dynamic network topology, cooperative algorithms, lack of centralized monitoring and resource constraints, ad hoc networks are vulnerable to many kinds of attacks, among which wormhole attack is chosen as the topic of discussion. This attack, when launched during route discovery phase can percolate wrong route/topology information into the network thereby, defeating the purpose of routing algorithms. In this paper we propose a novel technique based on clustering and digital signatures for prevention against wormhole attacks without use of special hardware, time synchronisation or dependency on time or hop difference between colluding nodes to identify attacked routes. We employ independent algorithms to form clusters and to implement intra-cluster and inter-cluster routing of data packets. Simulation Results show that the method achieved high level of efficiency in isolating wormhole nodes in the network.
Analytic models for crosstalk delay and pulse analysis under non-ideal inputs

In this paper we develop a general methodology to analyze crosstalk to obtain insight into effects that are likely to cause errors in deep submicron high speed circuits. We focus on crosstalk due to capacitive coupling between a pair of lines. We first consider the case where crosstalk noise manifests as a pulse and characterize the maximum amplitude, width, energy and timing of this pulse. Closed form equations quantifying the dependence of these pulse attributes on the values of circuit parameters and the rise time of the input transition are derived. We also consider how crosstalk causes slowdown (speedup), i.e. increases (decreases) the rise/fall times of signals on coupled lines, when their inputs have transitions in the opposite (same) directions. Expressions relating the slowdown (speedup) to circuit parameters, the rise/fall times of the input transitions, and the skew between the transitions are derived. We show that crosstalk effects can be significantly aggravated by variations in the fabrication process. New design corners are identified for validation of designs that have significant crosstalk effects. Finally, the results of our analysis provide conditions that must be satisfied by a sequence of vectors used for validation of designs as well as post-manufacturing testing of devices in the presence of significant crosstalk.
Computational methods for analysis and inference of kinase/inhibitor relationships

The central role of kinases in virtually all signal transduction networks is the driving motivation for the development of compounds modulating their activity. ATP-mimetic inhibitors are essential tools for elucidating signaling pathways and are emerging as promising therapeutic agents. However, off-target ligand binding and complex and sometimes unexpected kinase/inhibitor relationships can occur for seemingly unrelated kinases, stressing that computational approaches are needed for learning the interaction determinants and for the inference of the effect of small compounds on a given kinase. Recently published high-throughput profiling studies assessed the effects of thousands of small compound inhibitors, covering a substantial portion of the kinome. This wealth of data paved the road for computational resources and methods that can offer a major contribution in understanding the reasons of the inhibition, helping in the rational design of more specific molecules, in the in silico prediction of inhibition for those neglected kinases for which no systematic analysis has been carried yet, in the selection of novel inhibitors with desired selectivity, and offering novel avenues of personalized therapies.
Gun storage practices and risk of youth suicide and unintentional firearm injuries.

CONTEXT Household firearms are associated with an elevated risk of firearm death to occupants in the home. Many organizations and health authorities advocate locking firearms and ammunition to prevent access to guns by children and adolescents. The association of these firearm storage practices with the reduction of firearm injury risk is unclear. OBJECTIVE To measure the association of specific household firearm storage practices (locking guns, locking ammunition, keeping guns unloaded) and the risk of unintentional and self-inflicted firearm injuries. DESIGN AND SETTING Case-control study of firearms in events identified by medical examiner and coroner offices from 37 counties in Washington, Oregon, and Missouri, and 5 trauma centers in Seattle, Spokane, and Tacoma, Wash, and Kansas City, Mo. CASES AND CONTROLS: Case firearms were identified by involvement in an incident in which a child or adolescent younger than 20 years gained access to a firearm and shot himself/herself intentionally or unintentionally or shot another individual unintentionally. Firearm assaults and homicides were excluded. We used records from hospitals and medical examiners to ascertain these incidents. Using random-digit dial telephone sampling, control firearms were identified by identification of eligible households with at least 1 firearm and children living or visiting in the home. Controls were frequency matched by age group and county. MAIN EXPOSURE MEASURES The key exposures of interest in this study were: (1) whether the subject firearm was stored in a locked location or with an extrinsic lock; (2) whether the firearm was stored unloaded; (3) whether the firearm was stored both unloaded in a locked location; (4) whether the ammunition for the firearm was stored separately; and (5) whether the ammunition was stored in a locked location. Data regarding the storage status of case and control guns were collected by interview with respondents from the households of case and control firearms. RESULTS We interviewed 106 respondents with case firearms and 480 with control firearms. Of the shootings associated with the case firearms, 81 were suicide attempts (95% fatal) and 25 were unintentional injuries (52% fatal). After adjustment for potentially confounding variables, guns from case households were less likely to be stored unloaded than control guns (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.56). Similarly, case guns were less likely to be stored locked (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.17-0.45), stored separately from ammunition (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34-0.93), or to have ammunition that was locked (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23-0.66) than were control guns. These findings were consistent for both handguns and long guns and were also similar for both suicide attempts and unintentional injuries. CONCLUSIONS The 4 practices of keeping a gun locked, unloaded, storing ammunition locked, and in a separate location are each associated with a protective effect and suggest a feasible strategy to reduce these types of injuries in homes with children and teenagers where guns are stored.
Leland's Approach to Option Pricing: The Evolution of a Discontinuity

A claim of Leland (1985) states that in the presence of transaction costs a call option on a stock S, described by geometric Brownian motion, can be perfectly hedged using Black–Scholes delta hedging with a modified volatility. Recently Kabanov and Safarian (1997) disproved this claim, giving an explicit (up to an integral) expression of the limiting hedging error, which appears to be strictly negative and depends on the path of the stock price only via the stock price at expiry ST. We prove in this paper that the limiting hedging error, considered as a function of ST, exhibits a removable discontinuity at the exercise price. Furthermore, we provide a quantitative result describing the evolution of the discontinuity: Hedging errors, plotted over the price at expiry, show a peak near the exercise price. We determine the rate at which that peak becomes narrower (producing the discontinuity in the limit) as the lengths of the revision intervals shrink.
Association of perioperative β-blockade with mortality and cardiovascular morbidity following major noncardiac surgery.

IMPORTANCE The effectiveness of perioperative β-blockade in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To determine the associations of early perioperative exposure to β-blockers with 30-day postoperative outcome in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A retrospective cohort analysis evaluating exposure to β-blockers on the day of or following major noncardiac surgery among a population-based sample of 136,745 patients who were 1:1 matched on propensity scores (37,805 matched pairs) treated at 104 VA medical centers from January 2005 through August 2010. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All cause 30-day mortality and cardiac morbidity (cardiac arrest or Q-wave myocardial infarction). RESULTS Overall 55,138 patients (40.3%) were exposed to β-blockers. Exposure was higher in the 66.7% of 13,863 patients undergoing vascular surgery (95% CI, 65.9%-67.5%) than in the 37.4% of 122,882 patients undergoing nonvascular surgery (95% CI, 37.1%-37.6%; P < .001). Exposure increased as Revised Cardiac Risk Index factors increased, with 25.3% (95% CI, 24.9%-25.6%) of those with no risk vs 71.3% (95% CI, 69.5%-73.2%) of those with 4 risk factors or more exposed to β-blockers (P < .001). Death occurred among 1.1% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.2%) and cardiac morbidity occurred among 0.9% (95% CI, 0.8%-0.9%) of patients. In the propensity matched cohort, exposure was associated with lower mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.83; P < .001; number need to treat [NNT], 241; 95% CI, 173-397). When stratified by cumulative numbers of Revised Cardiac Risk Index factors, β-blocker exposure was associated with significantly lower mortality among patients with 2 factors (RR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.50-0.80]; P < .001; NNT, 105 [95% CI, 69-212]), 3 factors (RR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.39-0.73]; P < .001; NNT, 41 [95% CI, 28-80]), or 4 factors or more (RR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.25-0.73]; P < .001; NNT, 18 [95% CI, 12-34]). This association was limited to patients undergoing nonvascular surgery. β-Blocker exposure was also associated with a lower rate of nonfatal Q-wave infarction or cardiac arrest (RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.57-0.79]; P < .001; NNT, 339 [95% CI, 240-582]), again limited to patients undergoing nonvascular surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among propensity-matched patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgery, perioperative β-blocker exposure was associated with lower rates of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with 2 or more Revised Cardiac Risk Index factors. Our findings support use of a cumulative number of Revised Cardiac Risk Index predictors in decision making regarding institution and continuation of perioperative β-blockade. A multicenter randomized trial involving patients at a low to intermediate risk by these factors would be of interest to validate these observational findings.
Ventilatory function in normal Saudi Arabian adults. Observations and comparison with some Western and Eastern reference values.

Ventilatory function was studied in healthy non-smoking Saudi Arabian adult males from Riyadh area, and findings compared with those of some Western and Eastern populations. It was found that while the FVC and FEV1 in our subjects were lower than in American, Canadian, Jordanian, and Hongkong Chinese, these were higher than in Indian and Singapore Chinese. Most parameters of expiratory flowrate (e.g. PEF, MEF75, MEF50), however, were equal to or higher in our subjects than in American, Canadian, and Jordanian, as well as Indian and Chinese subjects. Compared to the findings in normal subjects from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, FVC was equal to, but FEV1 and FEF 25-75 were higher in our subjects.
The User-Reported Critical IncidentMethod for Remote Usability Evaluation

Much traditional user interface evaluation is conducted in usability laboratories, where a small number of selected users is directly observed by trained evaluators. However, as the network itself and the remote work setting have become intrinsic parts of usage patterns, evaluators often have limited access to representative users for usability evaluation in the laboratory and the users' work context is difficult or impossible to reproduce in a laboratory setting. These barriers to usability evaluation led to extending the concept of usability evaluation beyond the laboratory, typically using the network itself as a bridge to take interface evaluation to a broad range of users in their natural work settings. The over-arching goal of this work is to develop and evaluate a cost-effective remote usability evaluation method for real-world applications used by real users doing real tasks in real work environments. This thesis reports the development of such a method, and the results of a study to: • investigate feasibility and effectiveness of involving users with to identify and report critical incidents in usage, • investigate feasibility and effectiveness of transforming remotely-gathered critical incidents into usability problem descriptions, and • gain insight into various parameters associated with the method. DEDICATION To my family, whose unconditional love and support inspire me and keep me reaching for higher stars. " ¡Los quiero mucho! " ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor and role model, Dr. H. Rex Hartson for his guidance throughout my graduate work, and Rieky Keeris for her caring and effort in ensuring I always had enough " research fuel " to keep on going with my work. Their sincerity, love, and friendship are invaluable and I feel proud to be considered their " adopted son ". Dr. Deborah Hix, leading member of the " thesis demolition team " , kept my work focused and I thank her for her guidance and devotion. I would also like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Mary Beth Rosson and Dr. Robert C. Williges, who have been helpful and supportive, and contributed greatly to this document. Many other people have contributed to the completion of this work, and I am happy to have an opportunity to thank them: John Kelso, who has worked in the remote evaluation project since we started, for being supportive and for being patient when things went wrong in the usability lab; Pawan Vora, for his help …
The Determinants and Performance Effects of Supervisor Bias

This paper examines the determinants and performance effects of leniency and centrality bias. An empirical analysis of a compensation plan for low-level employees with both objective and subjective performance measures leads to two key results. First, the causes of supervisor bias include: employee performance, the difference between the organizational level of the supervisor and the employee, the financial position of the firm, the duration of the employee-supervisor relationship, and supervisor characteristics. This indicates that supervisors take their own personal preferences into account when appraising employee performance. Second, supervisor bias affects future employee incentives. Contrary to previous assumptions, the results show that biased performance ratings can have both positive and negative effects on incentives. Leniency bias positively affects performance improvement, while centrality bias has a negative effect on performance. Acknowledgements: I want to thank Stan Baiman, Antonio Davila, Henri Dekker, Chris Ittner, Frank Moers, Fernando Penalva, Joan Enric Ricart, Stan Veuger and seminar participants at the 2006 Global Management Accounting Research Symposium in Copenhagen, the 2006 AAA Annual Meeting in Washington D.C., the University of Pennsylvania, the London School of Economics, the University of Colorado at Boulder, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the London Business School, the Harvard Business School and the University of Southern California for their comments and suggestions.
Establishing a BLE mesh network with fabricated CSRmesh devices: demo abstract

In this demo we fabricate 4 development boards using the APlix CSR1010 modules and then establish a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh network, which is suitable for power-limited and low-complexity IoT applications with low-priority and infrequent data traffic. In addition to the basic operations such as sensing and actuating devices, this demo also shows a BLE star-mesh integration topology to extend the connectivity range to cover 4 laboratories.
Ferko project - intelligent support for course management at faculty level

In this paper we discuss how computers can be used to support faculty staff with regard to creating several kinds of high-quality schedules, at faculty level. Implementations of adequate evolutionary computation-based algorithms are being developed as part of the Ferko project. Various parts of the Ferko project have already been is use for several years by thousands of students and faculty staff members at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FER).
Ultrafast Glycerophospholipid-selective Transbilayer Motion Mediated by a Protein in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (*)

A relatively rapid transbilayer motion of phospholipids in the microsomal membrane seems to be required due to their asymmetric synthesis in the cytoplasmic leaflet. Marked discrepancies exist with regard to the rate and specificity of this flip-flop process. To reinvestigate this problem, we have used both spin-labeled and radioactively labeled long chain phospholipids with a new fast translocation assay. Identical results were obtained with both types of probes. Transbilayer motion of glycerophospholipids was found to be much more rapid than previously reported (half-time less than 25 s) and to occur identically for phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Such transport is nonvectorial and leads to a symmetric transbilayer distribution of phospholipids. In contrast, transverse diffusion of sphingomyelin was 1 order of magnitude slower. Phospholipid flip-flop appears to occur by a protein-mediated transport process displaying saturable and competitive behavior. Proteolysis, chemical modification, and competition experiments suggest that this transport process may be related to that previously described in the endoplasmic reticulum for short-chain phosphatidylcholine (Bishop, W. R., and Bell, R. M.(1985) Cell 42, 51-60). The relationship between phospholipid flip-flop and nonbilayer structures occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum was also investigated by P-NMR. Several conditions were found under which the P isotropic NMR signal previously attributed to nonbilayer structures is decreased or abolished, whereas transbilayer diffusion is unaffected, suggesting that the flip-flop process is independent of such structures. It is concluded that flip-flop in the endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by a bidirectional protein transporter with a high efficiency for glycerophospholipids and a low efficiency for sphingomyelin. In vivo, the activity of this transporter would be able to redistribute all changes in phospholipid composition due to biosynthetic processes between the two leaflets of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes within a time scale of seconds.
RFC2185 Routing Aspects of IPv6 Transition

Routing Aspects Of IPv6 Transition Status of this memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document gives an overview of the routing aspects of the IPv6 transition. It is based on the protocols defined in the document "Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers" [1]. Readers should be familiar with the transition mechanisms before reading this document. The proposals contained in this document are based on the work of the Ngtrans working group. 1. TERMINOLOGY This paper uses the following terminology: node-a protocol module that implements IPv4 or IPv6. router-a node that forwards packets not explicitly addressed to itself. host-any node that is not a router. border router-a router that forwards packets across routing domain boundaries. link-a communication facility or medium over which nodes can communicate at the link layer, i.e., the layer immediately below internet layer. interface-a node's attachment to a link. address-an network layer identifier for an interface or a group of interfaces.