Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of genetic diversity, differentiation and structure over 500 years in four ponderosa pine populations

Population history plays an important role in shaping contemporary levels of genetic variation and geographic structure. This is especially true in small, isolated range‐margin populations, where effects of inbreeding, genetic drift and gene flow may be more pronounced than in large continuous populations. Effects of landscape fragmentation and isolation distance may have implications for persistence of range‐margin populations if they are demographic sinks. We studied four small, disjunct populations of ponderosa pine over a 500‐year period. We coupled demographic data obtained through dendroecological methods with microsatellite data to discern how and when contemporary levels of allelic diversity, among and within‐population levels of differentiation, and geographic structure, arose. Alleles accumulated rapidly following initial colonization, demonstrating proportionally high levels of gene flow into the populations. At population sizes of approximately 100 individuals, allele accumulation saturated. Levels of genetic differentiation among populations (FST and Jost's Dest) and diversity within populations (FIS) remained stable through time. There was no evidence of geographic genetic structure at any time in the populations' history. Proportionally, high gene flow in the early stages of population growth resulted in rapid accumulation of alleles and quickly created relatively homogenous genetic patterns among populations. Our study demonstrates that contemporary levels of genetic diversity were formed quickly and early in population development. How contemporary genetic diversity accumulates over time is a key facet of understanding population growth and development. This is especially relevant given the extent and speed at which species ranges are predicted to shift in the coming century.
User Trust in Intelligent Systems: A Journey Over Time

Trust is a significant factor in user adoption of new systems. However, although trust is a dynamic attitude of the user towards the system and changes over time, trust in intelligent systems is typically captured as a single quantitative measure at the conclusion of a task. This paper challenges this approach. We report a case study that employed a combination of repeated quantitative and qualitative measures to examine how trust in an intelligent system evolved over time and whether this varied depending on whether the system offered explanations. We discovered different patterns in participants' trust journeys. When provided with explanations, participants' trust levels initially increased, before returning to their original level. Without explanations, participants' trust reduced over time. The qualitative data showed that perceived system ability was more important in determining trust amongst with-explanation participants and perceived transparency was a greater influence on the trust of participants who did not receive explanations. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the development of user trust in intelligent systems and indicate the value of the approach adopted.
Learning-assisted automated planning : review , appraisal , and prospects

This paper reports on a extensive survey of research work related to machine learning as applied to automated planning over the past 30 years. Major research contributions are characterized broadly by learning method and then into descriptive subcategories. Survey results reveal learning techniques that have been extensively applied and a number that have received scant attention. We extend the survey analysis to suggest promising avenues for future research in learning based on both previous experience and current needs in the planning community.
NBTI detection methodology for building tolerance with respect to NBTI effects employing adaptive body bias

The nanometre technology is different fundamentally from its predecessors as it is exposed to a wide variety of new effects that are induced on the transistor chips. NBTI is one degradation effects in the reliability regime. It plays significant role as it leads to severe performance degradation. Ageing in pMOS transistor takes place due to Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) which is the major threat to reliability as we scale down the transistor geometries consistently towards our objective for less power consumption coupled with high performance. The work presented in this paper focuses on NBTI detection scheme for building tolerance with respect to NBTI effects employing Adaptive Body Bias (ABB). In this scheme, an On-Chip monitor detects the change in threshold voltage of the circuit to generate corresponding adaptive body bias by the body biasing circuit which is supplied to the transistors. The simulations have been carried out taking VBB as zero, i.e., No Body Bias (NBB), by applying a finite adaptive body bias (ABB) voltage to the transistors on the chip & their corresponding power and delay have thus been calculated by implementation of the proposed approach on a host of domino logic circuits which include Current comparison domino (CCD). We have mitigated the rise in delay problem by suitably allocating a supply voltage so that the delay specifications are continuously met even after a time span of 10 years of operation at the cost of very low power headroom. Simulations have been performed using the BSIM4v4.7 model & 32-nm predictive technology model in SILVACO EDA tool at a frequency of 2 GHz and nominal supply voltage of 0.9V. The proposed approach has been implemented on 32-bit & 64-bit OR gates and also on 32-bit comparator and the results has been noteworthy.
Klotho Sensitivity of the Neuronal Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4

Klotho, a transmembrane protein, which can be cleaved off as β-glucuronidase and hormone, is released in both, kidney and choroid plexus and encountered in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Klotho deficiency leads to early appearance of age-related disorders and premature death. Klotho may modify transport by inhibiting 1,25(OH)2D3 formation or by directly affecting channel and carrier proteins. The present study explored whether Klotho influences the activity of the Na+-coupled excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4, which are expressed in kidney (EAAT3), intestine (EAAT3) and brain (EAAT3 and EAAT4). To this end, cRNA encoding EAAT3 or EAAT4 was injected into Xenopus oocytes with and without additional injection of cRNA encoding Klotho. EAAT expressing Xenopus oocytes were further treated with recombinant human β-Klotho protein with or without β-glucuronidase inhibitor D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate (DSAL). Electrogenic excitatory amino acid transport was determined as L-glutamate-induced current (Iglu) in two electrode voltage clamp experiments. EAAT3 and EAAT4 protein abundance in the Xenopus oocyte cell membrane was visualized by confocal microscopy and quantified utilizing chemiluminescence. As a result, coexpression of Klotho cRNA significantly increased Iglu in both, EAAT3 or EAAT4-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Klotho cRNA coexpression significantly increased the maximal current and cell membrane protein abundance of both EAAT3 and EAAT4. The effect of Klotho coexpression on EAAT3 and EAAT4 activity was mimicked by treating EAAT3 or EAAT4-expressing Xenopus oocytes with recombinant human β-Klotho protein. The effects of Klotho coexpression and of treatment with recombinant human β-Klotho protein were both abrogated in the presence of DSAL (10 µM). In conclusion, Klotho is a novel, powerful regulator of the excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4.
Comparison of depression, anxiety and long-term quality of health in patients with a history of either primary closure or Limberg flap reconstruction for pilonidal sinus

OBJECTİVE: Pilonidal sinus is characterized by high operative morbidity mainly due to wound problems. We aimed to compare the quality of health, comfort and psychological status in patients who underwent surgery for pilonidal sinus. METHODS: A total of 205 pilonidal sinus patients operated on with either primary closure or Limberg flap reconstruction were compared in terms of depression, anxiety, and long-term quality of health by using Short Form 36, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory scales. RESULTS: There were 107 patients in the primary closure group with a mean follow-up of 29.6±7.7 months and 98 patients in the Limberg flap group with a mean follow-up of 34.1±7.3 months. In the SF-36 analysis, the mental health and bodily pain scores (59±6 and 56±11 in the primary closure group and 62±8 and 61±10 in the Limberg flap group) were significantly higher in the Limberg flap group (p = 0.014 and p = 0.002, respectively). The mean Beck Depression Inventory (19±6.13 vs. 16±4.90 p<0.001) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (19±6.27 vs. 16±4.90 p<0.001) scores were lower in the Limberg flap group. CONCLUSION: Limberg flap reconstruction produced better quality of health scores according to the SF 36, especially in terms of mental health and bodily pain. There was a higher tendency towards anxiety and depression in the primary closure group.
A modular and low-cost artificial skin for robotic applications

In this paper a novel modular artificial skin is presented. The skin is organized in a chain of optoelectronic sensor arrays that communicate with serial interconnections. The proposed solution is highly modular and scalable since each module can be removed and/or inserted in the chain without introducing any changing in the architecture of the skin or in the acquisition system. A sensor element is constituted by an emitter/receiver couple of optoelectronic devices covered by a silicone layer. An external force applied to the deformable layer is transduced into a vertical displacement measured by the optoelectronic couple. A skin module consists of n sensing elements and m modules can be interconnected in order to obtain a complete skin with n×m sensing elements. The use of inexpensive and off-the-shelf components allows to change the density of the sensing elements as needed, maintaining a low cost.
Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Posttraumatic Growth in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

This study was conducted to investigate posttraumatic growth and its relationship with emotional intelligence. This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted on 249 patients undergoing hemodialysis in hospitals in Ardabil, Iran. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS-15. In this study, the mean and standard deviation of posttraumatic growth, emotional intelligence, and coping were 69.94 ± 12.78, 140.88 ± 19.47, and 92.935 ± 13.775, respectively. The results also showed that emotional intelligence was significantly related to posttraumatic growth directly (r = .39) and indirectly through coping (r = .23). In addition to the direct relationship between emotional intelligence and coping in posttraumatic growth, emotional intelligence was also indirectly related to posttraumatic growth through coping and accounted for 38% of the variance in this variable in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, by planning to improve their emotional intelligence, health-care providers can help patients better cope with their new conditions and cause positive mental changes.
A Foundations of Behavioural Types

Hans Hüttel, Aalborg University Ivan Lanese, University of Bologna/INRIA Vasco T. Vasconcelos, University of Lisbon Luís Caires, New University of Lisbon Marco Carbone, ITU Copenhagen Pierre-Malo Deniélou, Royal Holloway, University of London Dimitris Mostrous, University of Lisbon Luca Padovani, University of Turin António Ravara, New University of Lisbon Emilio Tuosto, University of Leicester Hugo Torres Vieira, University of Lisbon Gianluigi Zavattaro, University of Bologna/INRIA
Quantum singular oscillator as a model of a two-ion trap: An amplification of transition probabilities due to small-time variations of the binding potential

Following the paper by Combescure [Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 204, 113 (1990)], we apply the quantum singular time-dependent oscillator model to describe the relative one-dimensional motion of two ions in a trap. We argue that the model can be justified for low-energy excited states with the quantum numbers $n\ensuremath{\ll}{n}_{\mathrm{max}}\ensuremath{\sim}100$, provided the dimensionless constant characterizing the strength of the repulsive potential is large enough ${g}_{*}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{5}$. Time-dependent Gaussian-like wave packets generalizing odd coherent states of the harmonic oscillator and excitation number eigenstates are constructed. We show that the relative motion of the ions, in contradistinction to its center-of-mass counterpart, is extremely sensitive to the time dependence of the binding harmonic potential since the large value of ${g}_{*}$ results in a significant amplification of the transition probabilities between energy eigenstate even for slow time variations of the frequency.
Recognition and normalization of some classes of named entities in Serbian

In this paper we present a system for recognition and normalization of measurement and money expressions and temporal expressions for dates and time in Serbian newspaper texts. The normalization of amount expressions involves a transformation of used numerals to a fixed-point notation as well as a transformation of currencies and measurement units into their standard or common abbreviations, while temporal expressions are transformed into the TimeML format. For this purpose, we use our general lexical resources and develop some new ones. The system itself consists of a large collection of finite-state transducers. Finally, we give some evaluation data that show that our system performs well, with well-balanced precision and recall.
Multiple weak deflections and the detection of flattened halos with galaxy-galaxy lensing

We investigate the occurrence of multiple weak deflections in deep data sets which are used to detect galaxy-galaxy lensing. Using the galaxies in the HDF (North) for which both redshifts and rest-frame blue luminosities are known, we show that the probability for a given source galaxy to be lensed by two or more foreground galaxies exceeds 50% for z_s > 1, and for which the separate, individual deflections yield gamma > 0.005. Neglecting multiple deflections when obtaining best-fitting halo parameters for the lens galaxies can lead to an overestimate by a factor of order 2 for the halo mass interior to a radius of 100 kpc/h. We also show that multiple weak deflections create systematic effects which may hinder observational efforts to use weak lensing to constrain the projected shapes of the halos of field galaxies. For a data set in which the galaxies have magnitudes in the rage 19 < I < 23, multiple deflections result in strong correlations between the post-lensing image shapes of most foreground-background pairs of galaxies. Imposing a simple redshift cut during the data anaysis is sufficient to reduce the correlation between the final images of lenses and sources to the point that the expected anisotropy in the weak lensing signal can be detected via a straightforward average. We conclude that previous theoretical calculations of weak lensing due to flattened halos have considerably underestimated the sizes of the observational data sets which would be required to detect this effect. [Abridged]
THE PROMISE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY : WHAT WENT AWRY IN THE SMALLTECH NETWORK ?

This paper presents an exploratory case study on the adoption and diffusion of information technology in the case of SmallTech, a medium-sized Swedish firm. The purpose of this report is to present a description and analysis on how new applications of information technology were received in the case of SmallTech. The network approach, based on the work of the IMP-group will construct the theoretical frame of reference. The network model, with its basic elements of a network consisting of actors, activities and resources is applied. Two other important concepts that are applied in this paper are connectivity and embeddedness. Through in-depth interviews, information has been collected to construct the empirical part of the report. The case account that is presented tells the story of the promise of information technology in the SmallTech network. The case study is divided into three major parts. First, the focal firm and the focal relationship are presented. The two firms forming the focal relationship are SmallTech and SigmaTool. SmallTech is a medium sized firm with an annual turnover of approximately 13 million EUR and approximately 95 employees. SigmaTool is a large Swedish supplier of tools and tooling systems to SmallTech. Second, the underlying
On specifying security policies for web documents with an XML-based language

The rapid growth of the Web and the ease with which data can be accessed facilitate the distribution and sharing of information. Information dissemination often takes the form of documents that are made available at Web servers, or that are actively broadcasted by Web servers to interested clients. In this paper, we present an XML-compliant formalism for specifying security-related information for Web document protection. In particular, we introduceX-Sec, an XML-based language for specifying subject credentials and security policies and for organizing them into subject profiles and policy bases, respectively. The language is complemented by a set of subscription-based schemes for accessing distributed Web documents, which rely on defined XML subject profiles and XML policy bases.
Non-CPAP therapies in obstructive sleep apnoea: mandibular advancement device therapy

Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) represent the main non-continuous positive airway pressure (non-CPAP) therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The aim of the European Respiratory Society Task Force was to review the evidence in favour of MAD therapy. Effects of tongue-retaining devices are not included in this report. Custom-made MADs reduce apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) and daytime sleepiness compared with placebo devices. CPAP more effectively diminishes AHI, while increasing data suggest fairly similar outcomes in relation to symptoms and cardiovascular health from these treatments. Patients often prefer MADs to CPAP. Milder cases and patients with a proven increase in upper airway size as a result of mandibular advancement are most likely to experience treatment success with MADs. A custom-made device titrated from an initial 50% of maximum mandibular advancement has been recommended. More research is needed to define the patients who will benefit from MAD treatment compared with CPAP, in terms of the effects on sleep-disordered breathing and on other diseases related to OSA. In conclusion, MADs are recommended for patients with mild to moderate OSA (Recommendation Level A) and for those who do not tolerate CPAP. The treatment must be followed up and the device adjusted or exchanged in relation to the outcome.
RedDog: a smart sketch interface for autonomous aerial systems

In order to decrease the number of casualties and limit the number of potentially dangerous situations that Soldiers encounter, the US military is exploring the use of autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to fulfill air support requests (ASR)from the field. The interface for such a system must provide interaction in modes that facilitate the completion of the support request in various scenarios, and it must be usable by operators of all skill levels, without requiring extensive training or considerable expertise. Sketches are a simple and natural way to exchange graphical information and ideas. In this paper we present the development of an interface that that allows the user to plan an ASR using sketch and other inputs while conforming to the userŠs mental model of natural interaction.
Five-year clinical outcomes of drug-eluting stents according to on-label and off-label use

Background/Aims: To compare the clinical outcomes of ‘on-label’ and ‘off-label’ drug-eluting stents (DESs) over a 5-year follow-up period. Methods: A total of 929 patients that underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with DESs were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to on-label (n = 449) and off-label (n = 480) indications. Off-label use was defined as implantation of DESs for acute myocardial infarction (MI), very small vessel, a long stenotic lesion, chronic total occlusion, a bifurcation lesion, an ostial lesion, left main coronary artery disease, multivessel disease, a saphenous vein graft lesion, and a lesion with thrombus. Endpoints were composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), which included all-cause death, ischemic-driven target vessel revascularization (Id-TVR), MI, and stent thrombosis (ST). Clinical outcomes in the two groups were compared for up to 5 years postimplantation. Results: At 1 year postimplantation, the off-label group had higher incidences of total MACEs (8.2% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.005), Id-TVR (5.0% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.004), and ST (1.7% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.042), and at 5 years postimplantation, the off-label group continued to have higher incidences of total MACEs (17.5% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001), Id-TVR (13.1% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.024), and ST (2.1% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.021). Multivessel disease and diabetes were found to be independent risk factors of MACE in patients with an off-label indication. Conclusions: Patients treated with an on-label DES had better long-term clinical outcomes than those treated with an off-label DES.
Automatic illustration of 3D geometric models: surfaces

The authors present techniques for automating the illustration of geometric models based on traditional hand illustration methods. A system based on the techniques of traditional illustrators for automatically generating illustrations of complex three-dimensional models is described. The system relies on a richer set of display primitives, which are also outlined. Algorithmic details for emphasizing significant model components are discussed, and some preliminary results are presented. <<ETX>>
Vision-Augmented Inertial Navigation by Sensor Fusion for an Autonomous Rotorcraft Vehicle

We describe a novel inertial navigation system based on meas urement fusion which includes stereo-vision among its sens ors. The vision-augmented system provides enhanced accuracy in the estimation of the vehicle states when flying in proximity of obstacles, and can operate without GPS signal, for exampl e when flying under vegetation cover, indoors or in complex urban environments. Scene feature points are tracked betwe en the left an right images and across time steps, yielding vision-based information on the state of motion of the vehic le which is fused together with other non-vision-based sens ors. The proposed approach is demonstrated using simulation for an autonomous helicopter flying in an urban environment.
Hessian measures I

Alternatively we may write (1.3) Fk[u] = [Du]k, where [A]k denotes the sum of the k× k principal minors of an n× n matrix A. Our purpose in this paper is to extend the definition of the Fk to corresponding classes of continuous functions so that Fk[u] is a Borel measure and to consider the Dirichlet problem in this setting. A function u ∈ C(Ω) is called k-convex (uniformly k-convex) in Ω if Fj [u] ≥ 0 (> 0) for j = 1, . , k. The operator Fk
Partitioning 3-Edge-Colored Complete Equi-Bipartite Graphs by Monochromatic Trees under a Color Degree Condition

The monochromatic tree partition number of an $r$-edge-colored graph $G$, denoted by $t_r(G)$, is the minimum integer $k$ such that whenever the edges of $G$ are colored with $r$ colors, the vertices of $G$ can be covered by at most $k$ vertex-disjoint monochromatic trees. In general, to determine this number is very difficult. For 2-edge-colored complete multipartite graph, Kaneko, Kano, and Suzuki gave the exact value of $t_2(K(n_1,n_2,\cdots,n_k))$. In this paper, we prove that if $n\geq 3$, and $K(n,n)$ is 3-edge-colored such that every vertex has color degree 3, then $t_3(K(n,n))=3$.