Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyanobacteriochromes in full color and three dimensions

Sensory photoreceptors occur in all kingdoms of life, eliciting diverse organismal adaptations in response to incident light. The recently identified cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) mediate photochromatic and phototactic responses in cyanobacteria (1⇓–3). Great strides toward a molecular understanding of photoreception and signal transduction in this spectrally diverse and exciting photoreceptor family have now been taken by Narikawa et al. (4), who report high-resolution structures of two CBCR photosensor modules in PNAS. CBCRs are related to plant and bacterial phytochromes (Phys), with which they share the intrinsic ability to form thioether linkages to linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophores via conserved cysteine residues. Moreover, these photoreceptor families use a unifying photochemical mechanism (Fig. 1 A ): photoisomerization of the chromophore between 15Z and 15E configurations with concomitant rotation of the terminal bilin D-ring (5⇓–7). The 15Z and 15E states differ in their absorption properties (photochromism) and modulate the behavior of output domains and downstream signal transduction pathways. Despite similar chromophores, photochemistry, and self-assembly, Phys and CBCRs differ in several striking ways. Most phytochromes require a three-domain PAS-GAF-PHY architecture [GAF domain, cGMP-phosphodiesterase/adenylate cyclase/FhlA (8); PAS domain, Per/ARNT/Sim; PHY domain, phytochrome-specific] for reversible photoconversion (3, 5, 7, 9). CBCRs instead achieve fully reversible photochemistry with a lone chromophore-binding GAF domain. Multiple CBCRs often occur in tandem within a single protein, allowing integration of multiple light signals at a single C-terminal output domain (10). Whereas Phys predominantly respond to the red/far-red spectral region, CBCRs display a rich variety of photocycles spanning the entire visible and near-UV spectrum (2, 11⇓–13). At least four subfamilies of CBCRs can be distinguished on the basis of their underlying photochemistry and primary structure. Fig. 1. Cyanobacteriochrome structure and function. ( A ) Bilin chromophores and … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andreas.moeglich{at}hu-berlin.de. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
What Does Consistent Participation in 401(k) Plans Generate?

EBRI/ICI 401(K) DATABASE: The annual EBRI/ICI 401(k) database update report is based on large cross-sections of 401(k) plan participants. Whereas the cross-sections cover participants with a wide range of participation experience in 401(k) plans, meaningful analysis of the potential for 401(k) participants to accumulate retirement assets over time must examine how a consistent group of participants' accounts have performed over the long term. Looking at consistent participants in the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database over the eight-year period from 1999 to 2007: The average 401(k) account balance increased at an annual growth rate of 9.5 percent over the period, to $137,430 at year-end 2007. The median 401(k) account balance (half above, half below) increased at an annual growth rate of 15.2 percent over the period, to $76,946 at year-end 2007. ANALYSIS OF A CONSISTENT GROUP OF 401(K) PARTICIPANTS HIGHLIGHTS THE ACCUMULATION POTENTIAL OF 401(K) PLANS. At year-end 2007, the average account balance among consistent participants was double the average account balance among all participants in the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database. The consistent group's median balance was more than four times larger than the median balance across all participants at year-end 2007. YOUNGER PARTICIPANTS OR THOSE WITH SMALLER INITIAL BALANCES EXPERIENCED HIGHER GROWTH IN ACCOUNT BALANCES COMPARED WITH OLDER PARTICIPANTS OR THOSE WITH LARGER INITIAL BALANCES. Among the consistent group, individual participant experience is influenced by three primary factors that impact account balances: contributions, investment returns, and withdrawal and loan activity. For example, the average account balance of participants in their 20s was heavily influenced by the relative size of contributions to the account balances and increased at an average growth rate of 36.0 percent per year between year-end 1999 and year-end 2007. 401(K) PARTICIPANTS TEND TO CONCENTRATE THEIR ACCOUNTS IN EQUITY SECURITIES. The asset allocation of the 2.4 million 401(k) participants in the consistent group was broadly similar to the asset allocation of the 21.8 million participants in the entire year-end 2007 EBRI/ICI 401(k) database. On average, about two-thirds of 401(k) participants' assets were invested in equities, through equity funds, the equity portion of balanced funds, and company stock.
OXIDATIVE STRESS STUDIES ON LIPID MODEL MEMBRANES

The living organisms are known to be often exposed to oxidative stress due to the action of most of environmental factors: the exposure to athmospheric oxygen (O2), the pollution, the ozone and the ultraviolet radiation level increasing. The consequence of this fact is the biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids and lipids) damaging. The oxidative stress mainly affects the membranous systems of aerobic cells and the consequently oxidative damage is associated with the peroxidation reactions in membrane lipids. Thus, the use of the liposomes as cell model membranes is an important tool for oxidative stress studies. The liposomes with chlorophyll a (Chla) are excellent models for biomembranes and are successfully used to study the interactions of different agents inside the bilayer structures. The chlorophyll is an important photopigment, but insufficient exploited in biotechnological applications. The strong visible absorption and fluorescence of Chla allow its use as a sensor for the interactions at molecular level and as a fluorescence marker; it reflects certain aspects of the supramolecular structure of the lipid phase: fluidity, lipid and liposomes aggregation [1]. It is known that the chlorophyll has antioxidant properties. Derivatives of chlorophyll a were found to be more effective radical quenchers than those of chlorophyll b [2]. This is why we utilised in our studies the Chla.
Zoledronic acid suppresses mineralization through direct cytotoxicity and osteoblast differentiation inhibition.

BACKGROUND Zoledronic acid (ZA) is prescribed to treat various metabolic bone diseases. Despite its efficacy in preventing bone loss, ZA has been linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw in several reports. However, a mechanism underlying this occurrence is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate causative roles of ZA on osseous cellular activities of pre-osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 (MC3T3) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). METHODS Morphological analysis, RT-PCR, annexin V/PI staining, together with mineralization, cell viability, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays were performed. RESULTS Zoledronic acid treatment decreased bone nodule formation at all concentrations tested (0.01-100 μM). Cell morphologies of both cell types were altered from their normal appearances after the addition of ZA (≥ 5 μM), and cell viability was significantly inhibited at concentrations ≥ 0.1 μM for MC3T3 and at concentrations ≥ 10 μM for MSC. ZA (100 μM) induced apoptosis in MC3T3 and MSC. Furthermore, ALP activity from both cells was strongly reduced when exposed to ZA (≥ 1 μM for MC3T3 and ≥ 5 μM for MSC). ZA also down-regulated Runx 2 and Col I mRNA expressions. CONCLUSION With this in vitro study, ZA mediated defective bone mineralization by directly disrupting osteoblast/osteoprogenitor cellular activities at several levels, that is, cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and osteoblast function of both pre-osteoblastic cells and MSC.
Three dimensions of depth of involvement in human sexual response 1

Abstract A model proposed to account for hypnotic phenomena is extended and specifically applied to understanding human sexual response. It is proposed that orgasmic response is potentiated by effective sexual stimulation that is subjectively experienced as (1) pleasurable sexual sensations and (2) the emotions of excitement and joy. Effective sexual stimulation is a joint function of the density of physical sexual stimulation and depth of involvement in the sexual contact episode. Involvement is a complex of psychological processes in which there is an interaction of fundamental emotions (interest‐excitement and enjoyment‐joy) with cognitions and actions that can be described by three dimensions: (1) sexual role enactment, (2) sexual trance, and (3) engagement with the sex partner. The fundamental emotions of excitement and joy amplify sex drive, are a source of sexual pleasure and meaning, and are bonded to specific preferred dimensions of involvement. The concept of depth is used to describe the state .
Implicit but not Explicit Feature Binding in a Balint's Patient

Visual perception is often conceptualized as a process of extracting visual attributes from the stimulus, from simple features like colour and orientation to high-level identities of words and objects. However, an important further task forvision is to solve the “binding problem”—to determinewhich visual attributes go together to form one object (e.g. Treisman & Gelade, 1980). Recent evidence suggests thatthe parietal lobes are critical forfeaturebinding (e.g.Friedman-Hill, Robertson, & Treisman, 1995). We examined a patient with bilateral parietooccipital damage and found that, while he was at chance on an explicit binding task (reporting which of two words was coloured), an implicit reaction time measure showed thatcorrectcolour-word bindings were nonetheless represented in his visual system. These results (1) show a dissociation between implicit and explicit binding and (2) suggest that the parietal lobes may be critical for explicit but not implicit binding. The implications of these results for featu.
Regulation of NK cell responsiveness to achieve self‐tolerance and maximal responses to diseased target cells

Summary: Inhibitory receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules govern the capacity of natural killer (NK) cells to attack class I‐deficient cells (‘missing‐self recognition’). These receptors are expressed stochastically, such that the panel of expressed receptors varies between NK cells. This review addresses how the activity of NK cells is coordinated in the face of this variation to achieve a repertoire that is self‐tolerant and optimally reactive with diseased cells. Recent studies show that NK cells arise in normal animals or humans that lack any known inhibitory receptors specific for self‐MHC class I. These NK cells exhibit self‐tolerance and exhibit functional hyporesponsiveness to stimulation through various activating receptors. Evidence suggests that hyporesponsiveness is induced because these NK cells cannot engage inhibitory MHC class I molecules and are therefore persistently over‐stimulated by normal cells in the environment. Finally, we discuss evidence that hyporesponsiveness is a quantitative trait that varies depending on the balance of signals encountered by developing NK cells. Thus, a tuning process determines the functional set‐point of NK cells, providing a basis for discriminating self from missing‐self, and at the same time endowing each NK cell with the highest inherent responsiveness compatible with self‐tolerance.
Using energy storage to mitigate PV impacts on distribution feeders

This paper explores applications of energy storage on distribution systems, particularly for support of PV integration, using quasi-static time-series power flow simulation to assess both engineering and economic impacts. The methodology behind ES-GRID, a tool developed by DNV KEMA to assess and provide a valuation of energy storage on the distribution grid will be reviewed and results on a sample test case with be presented. Results indicate the potential for energy storage to mitigate component overloads, improve system voltage profile, and improve system equipment operations. Simulation results also illustrate the potential for storage to have indirect effects on the distribution system even where controls are designed to support one element for PV integration. For example, controls targeted at maintaining PV kW production thresholds can simultaneously result in voltage improvements. Overall, the research highlights the complexities of applying and valuing storage on the distribution system due to indirect effects and non-linear relationships between system impacts, storage sizing, and dispatch controls. Ultimately, this research highlights the need for robust systems analysis in evaluating storage impacts.
Lymphatic filariasis: patients and the global elimination programme

Abstract The defining images of lymphatic filariasis are the horrendous disfigurements of lymphoedema, elephantiasis and hydrocele. These clinical presentations, although obviously important and life changing, are not, however, the only outcomes of this wide-spread filarial infection. The other effects of the disease range from severe, acute but short-term bouts of sickness to psychological impairment, poverty and family hardship. It is important to support cases of the disease through all means available, such as reparative hydrocelectomy, hygiene training and facilitation, and the provision of adequate chemotherapy. Although only a minority of the residents in any endemic community is affected with the severe clinical manifestations of this parasitic infection, these cases are central to, and important advocates for, the current global effort to eliminate the infection through mass drug administrations (MDA). Their clinical improvement acts as an important catalyst for the general population and encourages high compliance in the MDA. This communication discusses the central role that filariasis patients have played in the Tanzania Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme to date, and covers some of the clinical successes achieved in the past 10 years. The abolition of the clinical manifestations of filarial infection remains the ultimate goal of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, and maintaining a focus on the affected individuals and their clinical condition is vital to that programme's overall success.
Do Animal-Assisted Activities Effectively Treat Depression? A Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of animal-assisted activities (AAA) and animal-assisted therapy (AAT) for reducing depressive symptoms in humans. To be included in the meta-analysis, studies had to demonstrate random assignment, include a comparison/control group, use AAA or AAT, use a self-report measure of depression, and report sufficient information to calculate effect sizes, a statistical standardization of the strength of a treatment effect. Five studies were identified for analysis. The aggregate effect size for these studies was of medium magnitude and statistically significant, indicating that AAA/AAT are associated with fewer depressive symptoms. This analysis revealed gaps in the research on AAA/AAT, which we attempted to identify in order to better understand the factors that make AAA and AAT effective at reducing depression.
Team effectiveness – development of an audit questionnaire

Much has been said and written about the importance of teams to the success of organisations and emphasis has been given to the benefits of team‐building activities to achieving both team and organisational effectiveness. Describes attempts to move beyond team building and to link organisational development to team effectiveness in a coherent way. In order to achieve this goal, a team effectiveness audit tool has been devised which is based on individual self‐assessment. The audit tool focuses on six domains considered to be important in effective teams. The self‐report audit tool has now been used by over 140 teams across a range of public‐sector organisations and this has enabled a significant database to be built up. This provides a large normative data set against which individual team performance can be gauged. Focuses on data derived from 37 teams within an integrated acute and community health and social services (HSS) trust. Overall the team effectiveness audit tool has been well received and has proven to be an effective mechanism of linking individual and team performance with organisational‐management objectives.
Cross-channel mobile social software: an empirical study

In this paper, we introduce a prototype system designed to support mobile group socializing that has been appropriated for everyday use by 150 users over 18 months. The system supports cross-channel communication, allowing users to participate in group conversations using text messaging, instant messaging, email and the web. It does this with the "console," a uniform text-based syntax that enables the prototype to be used over a variety of mediums. We found that participants used the system mostly for ad-hoc coordination rather than chat, with pervasive, cross-channel group communication supporting an informal "half-invite" style of invitation. We examine why coordination dominates over chat, suggesting that cross-channel mobile group messaging serves a distinct role, different to traditional text messaging, instant messaging and email. Furthermore, we found differences in the content and usage habits across channels, for example messages sent from a computer were more likely to refer to time and location than those sent using a phone. We also discuss the usage of the prototype and compare it to other work.
Pollutant-induced effects on immunological and physiological interactions in aquatic host–trematode systems: implications for parasite transmission

Abstract Under conditions of pollution both host and parasite are susceptible to the pathogenic effects of toxicants, which in turn may result in detrimental changes to their immunological and physiological processes. Digenetic trematodes, which encompass species of both medical and economic importance, possess complex life cycles and are common parasites of both vertebrates and molluscs. The combined stress induced by pollution and parasitism influences the physiology of the host which can have implications not only on host survival but also on the functional biology of resident parasite populations. The present paper reviews the effects of pollutants on the immunology and physiology in both vertebrate and molluscan host–trematode systems and the implications for parasite transmission.
Oxygen dissociation curves of the bloods of maternal and fetal goats as they exist in vivo.

Oxygen dissociation curves of maternal and fetal bloods prepared in vitro have been described in several species including the goat. ' The use of recent polarographic methods for measuring oxygen tension in blood avoids any possible alteration in oxygen affinity of the blood during equilibration in tonometers and could theoretically result in more accurate maternal and fetal oxygen dissociation curves. Any changes would be reflected in estimates of the average oxygen pressure difference between maternal and fetal blood in the placenta2 and in measurements of the permeability of the placenta to oxygen. In order to further quantitate the supply of oxygen to the goat fetus in utero, we have, therefore, investigated the relationship between maternal and fetal oxygen dissociation curves in zivo.
The great equalizer? Patterns of social media use and youth political engagement in three advanced democracies

Recent developments suggest a strong relationship between social media use and political engagement and raise questions about the potential for social media to help stem or even reverse patterns of political inequality that have troubled scholars for years. In this paper, we articulate a model of social media and political engagement among young people, and test it using data from representative samples of young people in Australia, the USA, and the UK. Our results suggest a strong, positive relationship between social media use and political engagement among young people across all three countries, and provide additional insights regarding the role played by social media use in the processes by which young people become politically engaged. Notably, our results also provide reasons to be optimistic concerning the overall influence of this popular new form of digital media on longstanding patterns of political inequality.
History curriculum development in New South Wales : Issues of control and its impact on teachers

The increasing bureaucratisation of the New South Wales [NSW] Board of Studies [BOS], the statutory body responsible for curriculum determination in NSW, has led to a tightening of curricular controls and the further marginalisation of teacher participation in curriculum decision-making processes. The prevalence of acontextual mandated curriculum change initiatives compromises teacher professionalism and undermines teacher practice and student learning. These issues are examined through the lens of recent history curriculum change in NSW. The development and dissemination of the 1998 Years 7-10 History Syllabus 1 provides insight into the control mechanisms underlying the construction of curriculum in NSW– who controls it, how, why and to what effect. Further, it also reveals that teachers experience curriculum control in two particular ways, the first is through marginalisation in change processes and the institution of increasingly rigorous accountability mechanisms. The second is through the mandating of specific subject matter knowledge. The effects of curriculum control on history teachers’ perceptions and enactment of the new syllabus are subsequently explored. Introduction This paper examines issues of curriculum control and its impact on history teachers’ perceptions and enactment of a new syllabus. To provide background, this paper overviews the broader subject debates and the international, national and state educational structures, policies, and changes framing the development of the new syllabus. Specifically, it is argued that the international trend towards standards based educational reform has seen the strengthening of stringent curriculum development processes as evidenced in efforts towards systemic reform and mandated change. The power relationships embedded within these approaches to curriculum change have implications for the development of curriculum in NSW. They also have implications for the role and status of teachers in change processes. Accordingly, this paper examines research into systemic reform and mandated change processes highlighting the role of teachers within these processes. This is important, as the new syllabus is a system wide, mandated curriculum change. This paper subsequently examines the recent nature of history syllabus development in NSW with specific reference to the processes and structures underlying the development and dissemination of the new syllabus. In an effort to explicate issues of power – who has it, who doesn’t, why and to what effect this paper explores the multiple stakeholders involved in the syllabus development process and the varying coalescing and contesting agendas driving it. It contends that the change structures and 1 For reader ease the 1998 Years 7-10 History Syllabus shall subsequently be referred to as the new syllabus.