Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superoxide Radical and Iron Modulate Aconitase Activity in Mammalian Cells (*)

Aconitase is a member of a family of iron-sulfur-containing (de)hydratases whose activities are modulated in bacteria by superoxide radical (O)-mediated inactivation and iron-dependent reactivation. The inactivation-reactivation of aconitase(s) in cultured mammalian cells was explored since these reactions may impact important and diverse aconitase functions in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Conditions which increase O production including exposure to the redox-cycling agent phenazine methosulfate (PMS), inhibitors of mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, or hyperoxia inactivated aconitase in mammalian cells. Overproduction of mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase protected aconitase from inactivation by PMS or inhibitors of ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, but not from normobaric hyperoxia. Aconitase activity was reactivated (t of 12 ± 3 min) upon removal of PMS. The iron chelator deferoxamine impaired reactivation and increased net inactivation of aconitase by O. The ability of ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase-generated O to inactivate aconitase in several cell types correlated with the fraction of the aconitase activity localized in mitochondria. Extracellular O generated with xanthine oxidase did not affect aconitase activity nor did exogenous superoxide dismutase decrease aconitase inactivation by PMS. The results demonstrate a dynamic and cyclical O-mediated inactivation and iron-dependent reactivation of the mammalian [4Fe-4S] aconitases under normal and stress conditions and provide further evidence for the membrane compartmentalization of O.
Pathways among marital functioning, parental behaviors, and child behavior problems in school-age boys

Examined two marital variables (marital dissatisfaction and overt marital conflict) and two parenting variables (rejection and inept discipline) as predictors 6 9 oppositional behavior problems in 50 school-age boys. It was hypothesized that the combination of these marital and parenting variables would provide an effective prediction of child oppositional behavior. The results revealed that the effects of marital dissatisfaction on child oppositional behavior were mediated by paternal rejection. Similarly, overt marital conflict had an effect on child oppositionality through disruptive effects on discipline practices by mothers. The findings are discussed in relation to various etiological models that have attempted to explain the link between marital variables, parenting characteristics, and children's adjustment.
Pose space deformation with rotation-invariant details

Pose space deformation (PSD) is a method for creating a shape from example meshes [Lewis et al. 2000; Weber et al. 2007]. This is thought of as a combination of the skeletal-subspace deformation (SSD) and the shape interpolation (morphing). In PSD, a base mesh is first computed by SSD. This is then corrected by adding displacements computed from examples. To interpolate displacement vectors, example meshes must be transformed back to the rest pose by SSD to store the displacements in a rotation-invariant manner.
Temporal and Genotype-Driven Variation of Factor VII Levels in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

defined as the elevation of creatine kinase MB and/or troponin I above the upper reference limit (5 and 0.1 ng/mL, respectively) in 2 or more consecutives samples. At entry, all patients were submitted to primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and received adjunctive therapy with aspirin (250 mg intravenously followed by 100 mg/d), clopidogrel (loading dose 300 mg followed by 75 mg/d), 50 U/Kg of unfractionated heparin, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. According to current guidelines, patients received standard medical therapy with β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, and nitrates. The local Ethics Committee approved the study. All patients gave written informed consent.
Orientation to Work and Job/Work Design

Introduction During the past decade or so a considerable wealth of material has been written and published on the topics of orientation to work and job/work design. (e.g. Davis and Taylor, Daniel, Goldthorpe et al, Klein, 0ldham, Sheldrake, Wild). Much of this has treated the topics in separate fashion although some writers (e.g. Bennett and Wild have made reference to the one whilst discussing the other.
Setting up a Human Motion Analysis Laboratory: Camera Positioning for Kinematic Recording of Gait

This article compares the techniques used for camera positioning in a study room, proposing optimized data collection for three-dimensional analysis. This study analyzed the usable recording volume of three different video camera layouts: six equidistant cameras (C6), 8 equidistant cameras (C8E) and 8 cameras using enhanced positioning techniques (C8EP). In the last configuration, we attempted to place the cameras in certain locations in the room so that they had the same capture volume. It was observed that the volume of the 8 equidistant camera layout remained practically the same as that using the 6 camera layout (C6=10.579 m³ C8E x=11.565 m³). Regarding the enhanced positioning layout (C8EP), a 37% gain in usable walkway length was obtained, along with a 14% gain in width, 34% in height, and a consequent increase of 110% in total volume (22.247 m³). Although most modern kinematic analysis software have tools that are able to fill in the markings trajectory, the enhanced positioning camera layout provides more accurate information and data interpretation, besides ensuring better usage of rooms with restricted dimensions. The considerable gain in vertical dimension allows for the evaluation of performed activities at a higher level, such as those involving the upper limbs or steps.
Agents that react to changing market situations

Market-driven agents are negotiation agents that react to changing market situations by making adjustable rates of concession. This paper presents 1) the foundations for designing market-driven strategies of agents, 2) a testbed of market-driven agents, 3) experimental results in simulating the market-driven approach, and 4) theoretical analyses of agents' performance in extremely large markets. In determining the amount of concession for each trading cycle, market-driven agents in this research are guided by four mathematical functions of eagerness, remaining trading time, trading opportunity , and competition. At different stages of trading, agents may adopt different trading strategies, and make different rates of concession. Four classes of strategies with respect to remaining trading time are discussed. Trading opportunity is determined by considering: 1) number of trading partners, 2) spreads-differences in utilities between an agent and its trading partners, and 3) probability of completing a deal. While eagerness represents an agent's desire to trade, trading competition is determined by the probability that it is not considered as the most preferred trader by its trading partners. Experimental results and theoretical analyses showed that agents guided by market-driven strategies 1) react to changing market situations by making prudent and appropriate rates of concession, and 2) achieve trading outcomes that correspond to intuitions in real-life trading.
Bayes estimators for phylogenetic reconstruction

Tree reconstruction methods are often judged by their accuracy, measured by how close they get to the true tree. Yet, most reconstruction methods like maximum likelihood (ML) do not explicitly maximize this accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a Bayesian solution. Given tree samples, we propose finding the tree estimate that is closest on average to the samples. This "median" tree is known as the Bayes estimator (BE). The BE literally maximizes posterior expected accuracy, measured in terms of closeness (distance) to the true tree. We discuss a unified framework of BE trees, focusing especially on tree distances that are expressible as squared euclidean distances. Notable examples include Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance, quartet distance, and squared path difference. Using both simulated and real data, we show that BEs can be estimated in practice by hill-climbing. In our simulation, we find that BEs tend to be closer to the true tree, compared with ML and neighbor joining. In particular, the BE under squared path difference tends to perform well in terms of both path difference and RF distances.
A role for lipid droplets in inter‐membrane lipid traffic

All cells have the capacity to accumulate neutral lipids and package them into lipid droplets. Recent proteomic analyses indicate that lipid droplets are not simple lipid storage depots, but rather complex organelles that have multiple cellular functions. One of these proposed functions is to distribute neutral lipids as well as phospholipids to various membrane‐bound organelles within the cell. Here, we summarize the lipid droplet‐associated membrane‐trafficking proteins and review the evidence that lipid droplets interact with endoplasmic reticulum, endosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria. Based on this evidence, we present a model for how lipid droplets can distribute lipids to specific membrane compartments.
FRESH INSIGHTS ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOLAR CORE

We present new results on the structure of the solar core, obtained with new sets of frequencies of solar low-degree p modes obtained from the BiSON network. We find that different methods used in extracting the different sets of frequencies cause shifts in frequencies, but the shifts are not large enough to affect solar structure results. We find that the BiSON frequencies show that the solar sound speed in the core is slightly larger than that inferred from data from Michelson Doppler Imager low-degree modes, and the uncertainties on the inversion results are smaller. Density results also change by a larger amount, and we find that solar models now tend to show smaller differences in density compared to the Sun. The result is seen at all radii, a result of the fact that conservation of mass implies that density differences in one region have to cancel out density differences in others, since our models are constructed to have the same mass as the Sun. The uncertainties on the density results are much smaller too. We attribute the change in results to having more, and lower frequency, low-degree mode frequencies available. These modes provide greater sensitivity to conditions in the core.
What Is Comparison? Methodological and Philosophical Considerations

The investigation of problems associated with research into comparative education dates back over 150 years to M. -A. Jullien's work. The field of study was widened by Sadler, who demanded that research into social phenomena take into account the fact that they are bound up with the ecological context and tradition. Educational problems have to be examined in the light of culturally determined needs, objectives, and conditions. To fully understand this culture dependency, it is necessary to compare cultures. Indeed, during this century the term "comparative" has been coupled with "education" whenever school conditions in other countries have been the object of study. But what is meant by "comparative"? The term has sometimes been used without its meaning having been methodologically established, and the concept of comparison has rarely been analyzed by educational theorists. Two unfortunate misconceptions become apparent when reading the literature on comparative education. The methodological concept "comparison/comparative" is confused with the concept in psychometrics of "comparability," which Good, for example, defines as follows: "the condition existing when two measures are expressed in the same units thus making possible direct comparison. "' Some theorists, meanwhile, have made the mistake of regarding comparison as an end in itself instead of a method and a logical tool in the solution of research problems. This article sets out from the assumption that the concept of comparison has been insufficiently investigated and seeks to point to ways in which it can be methodologically approached. As recently as 1963, Pedro Rossello pointed out that although comparative education is often defined as the application of comparative techniques to specific educational problems, many studies do not in fact make any comparison at all. Many simply present a particular country's education system or educational problem and leave the reader to make the comparison. It is assumed that a comparison is made between the situation described and the reader's own educational context. According to Rossello, even the practice in area studies ofjuxtaposing various systems
Semantic Versioning versus Breaking Changes: A Study of the Maven Repository

For users of software libraries or public programming interfaces (APIs), backward compatibility is a desirable trait. Without compatibility, library users will face increased risk and cost when upgrading their dependencies. In this study, we investigate semantic versioning, a versioning scheme which provides strict rules on major versus minor and patch releases. We analyze seven years of library release history in Maven Central, and contrast version identifiers with actual incompatibilities. We find that around one third of all releases introduce at least one breaking change, and that this figure is the same for minor and major releases, indicating that version numbers do not provide developers with information in stability of interfaces. Additionally, we find that the adherence to semantic versioning principles has only marginally increased over time. We also investigate the use of deprecation tags and find out that methods get deleted without applying deprecated tags, and methods with deprecated tags are never deleted. We conclude the paper by arguing that the adherence to semantic versioning principles should increase because it provides users of an interface with a way to determine the amount of rework that is expected when upgrading to a new version.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of the right frontal lobe in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE To investigate neurometabolite concentrations in right prefrontal white matter in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and relations of neurometabolites with attention skill and frontal anatomy. METHOD Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS), quantitative morphometric analysis of left and right dorsolateral frontal volumes, and assessment of attentional problems with the Conners Continuous Performance Test were undertaken in 23 children (17 male) with ADHD (with no comorbid learning disabilities) and 24 matched controls (16 male). RESULTS No overall group differences were found for any neurometabolite. However, a group by sex interaction was noted for -acetylaspartate, such that girls with ADHD had especially low concentrations. Morphological analyses revealed smaller right (but not left) dorsolateral volumes in children with ADHD, and in the ADHD group this volume correlated with neurometabolite concentrations. In the ADHD group Continuous Performance Test performance was related to both dorsolateral volume and the creatine-phosphocreatine peak from H-MRS. CONCLUSIONS These results add to a growing body of evidence suggesting sex-specific neurobiological differences in ADHD and draw attention to relationships between neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, and performance in children with ADHD. Study limitations include small sample size and clinical heterogeneity among the children with ADHD.
Explaining Cybermediation: An Organizational Analysis of Electronic Retailing

Early in the information age, it was widely thought that wholesalers, distributors, and other intermediaries would be removed from the value chains of many businesses. This disintermediation offered the prospect of more efficient supply and marketing channels. The early forecasts proved to be shortsighted, however, for instead new cybermediaries have lodged themselves in the value chain between manufacturer and customer. This paper explains the phenomenon of cybermediation by looking beyond transaction-cost economics toward newer theories of consumer economics and several theories drawn from institutional theory, social exchange theory, social network theory, and theories of organizational knowledge creation. Researchers who utilize the contributions of these diverse theoretical perspectives will be better able to explain the emergence of cybermediaries in electronic commerce.
In Praise of Ecumenical Bayes Cognitive Systems Optimize Energy Rather than Information

Jones & Love (J&L) should have given more attention to Agnostic uses of Bayesian methods for the statistical analysis of models and data. Reliance on the frequentist analysis of Bayesian models has retarded their development and prevented their full evaluation. The Ecumenical integration of Bayesian statistics to analyze Bayesian models offers a better way to test their inferential and predictive
Pathological grief, psychiatric symptoms and immune status following conjugal bereavement

Psychological and immunological assessments were performed concurrently on 33 spouses who had each been bereaved at least one year previously. The sample of bereaved spouses showed a high incidence of psychiatric morbidity, with 46 per cent having a Catego score of 5 or above using the Present State Examination (PSE); 30 per cent showed excessive rumination about the deceased, using the Grief Experience Inventory. There was also a high incidence of physical complaints within the group but the majority of these antedated the bereavement and no significant correlations were found between physical complaints and either psychological or immunological variables. There were no significant differences in cellular or humoral immune profile between subjects with high and low Catego scores. However, measures of emotional responsiveness using the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale were significantly correlated with helper T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell numbers. It is proposed that these data support the concept of neuroendocrine modulation of the immune system but do not suggest either that the overall effect of bereavement is immunosuppressive or that immune changes are responsible for an increase in mortality following bereavement.
Two-way distributed transmission based on the golden code for application in wireless relay networks

In this paper, we consider the use of the Golden Code within two-way transmission over a wireless relay network in the fixed and selected relay cases. Such two-way transmission potentially improves the rate performance over one-way schemes. A four time slot amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol is exploited. Two policies are considered for relay selection, one based on a maximum-minimum strategy and a second using the maximum-mean approach. The combination of relay selection and two-way transmission mitigates the potential loss of diversity and rate in one-way fixed relay Golden Code transmission. End-to-end bit error rate simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches.
Beyond the ‘sext’: Technology-facilitated sexual violence and harassment against adult women

Young people's use of technology as a tool for the negotiation of their sexual identities and encounters has increasingly become a focal point in popular and scholarly discussion. Much of this debate centres on the sending of explicit sexual images and/or video (‘selfies’ or ‘sexting’) by mobile phone, email or social media. In Australia and elsewhere, legislative frameworks have arguably over-regulated or criminalised young people's consensual, digital, sexual communications. Equally, the law has failed to respond to the harm that is experienced by victims of non-consensual making and/or distribution of such sexual images. In this paper, we examine the non-consensual creation and distribution of sexual images in the context of harassment, stalking and family or intimate violence. We argue that harmful digital communications are often framed as a problem of user naiveté rather than gender-based violence. Moreover, we argue that current legal and policy approaches fail to adequately capture the social and psychological harm that results from the use of sexual imagery to harass, coerce or blackmail women. We draw on preliminary data from a larger project investigating adult women's experiences of technology-mediated sexual violence and harassment.
‘Blogs of war’

This article examines current events weblogs or blogs that were particularly active during the second US war with Iraq, in the spring of 2003. Analysis suggests that these blogs are a new genre of journalism that emphasizes personalization, audience participation in content creation and story forms that are fragmented and interdependent with other websites. These characteristics suggest a shift away from traditional journalism’s modern approach toward a new form of journalism infused with postmodern sensibilities.
To What Degree are Environmentally Beneficial Choices Reflective of a General Conservation Stance?

Whether or not different environmentally beneficial choices have common motivational causes are discussed in the framework of partial correlation analysis with structural equation modeling. Correlations between recycling, buying organic food products, and using public transport or bicycle are analyzed based on telephone interviews with a random sample of about 1,100 Danish residents and two replication samples of about 300 from the same population. The study finds that theoretically meaningful correlations are suppressed by background characteristics. Common motivational causes, that is, environmental values and environmental concern, can account for the significant partial correlations between behaviors after controlling for background characteristics.
Designing a tit-for-tat based peer-to-peer video-on-demand system

Video-on-demand (VoD) is a next-generation Internet application of increasing interest allowing users to start watching a movie almost instantaneously by downloading the video on-the-fly. Provided that all users contribute to the system, shifting to the P2P paradigm allows efficient broadcast with a limited-bandwidth source. In VoD applications pieces are downloaded in order. This prevents us from directly applying a BitTorrent-like tit-for-tat incentive scheme. We advocate the use of a loose structure in P2P VoD applications to achieve high playback rates. In this paper we propose a decentralized piece dissemination scheme built on loosely coupled structures maintained using gossip. Peers are grouped into clusters depending on their playback position. Swarming is performed within the clusters while distributed feeding ensures that less advanced clusters get missing pieces from more advanced ones. Our simulations demonstrate that structured dissemination improves from 61% to 77% the achievable playback rate.