Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Common De-Identification Heuristics for Personal Health Information

Background With the growing adoption of electronic medical records, there are increasing demands for the use of this electronic clinical data in observational research. A frequent ethics board requirement for such secondary use of personal health information in observational research is that the data be de-identified. De-identification heuristics are provided in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule, funding agency and professional association privacy guidelines, and common practice. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the re-identification risks due to record linkage are sufficiently low when following common de-identification heuristics and whether the risk is stable across sample sizes and data sets. Methods Two methods were followed to construct identification data sets. Re-identification attacks were simulated on these. For each data set we varied the sample size down to 30 individuals, and for each sample size evaluated the risk of re-identification for all combinations of quasi-identifiers. The combinations of quasi-identifiers that were low risk more than 50% of the time were considered stable. Results The identification data sets we were able to construct were the list of all physicians and the list of all lawyers registered in Ontario, using 1% sampling fractions. The quasi-identifiers of region, gender, and year of birth were found to be low risk more than 50% of the time across both data sets. The combination of gender and region was also found to be low risk more than 50% of the time. We were not able to create an identification data set for the whole population. Conclusions Existing Canadian federal and provincial privacy laws help explain why it is difficult to create an identification data set for the whole population. That such examples of high re-identification risk exist for mainstream professions makes a strong case for not disclosing the high-risk variables and their combinations identified here. For professional subpopulations with published membership lists, many variables often needed by researchers would have to be excluded or generalized to ensure consistently low re-identification risk. Data custodians and researchers need to consider other statistical disclosure techniques for protecting privacy.
Automatic modular abstractions for linear constraints

We propose a method for automatically generating abstract transformers for static analysis by abstract interpretation. The method focuses on linear constraints on programs operating on rational, real or floating-point variables and containing linear assignments and tests. In addition to loop-free code, the same method also applies for obtaining least fixed points as functions of the precondition, which permits the analysis of loops and recursive functions. Our algorithms are based on new quantifier elimination and symbolic manipulation techniques. Given the specification of an abstract domain, and a program block, our method automatically outputs an implementation of the corresponding abstract transformer. It is thus a form of program transformation. The motivation of our work is data-flow synchronous programming languages, used for building control-command embedded systems, but it also applies to imperative and functional programming.
On the Existence of Complete Order-One Lattice for Linear Phase Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks

In this letter, we revisit the completeness of the lattice factorization for -channel linear phase perfect reconstruction filter banks (LPPRFBs) with equal length and further investigate a more fundamental problem, i.e., the existence of complete lattice factorization by using LPPR propagating blocks of order-one causal FIR with anticausal FIR inverse (CAFACAFI) matrices. Reviewing the previous works, we point out the limitation of the existing LPPR propagating blocks and then show its consequence for incompleteness of the existing lattice factorizations. Furthermore, we show the nonexistence of any order-one LPPR propagating block by using CAFACAFI matrices. In addition, the completeness of lattice factorizations has been re-examined for generalized lapped orthogonal transforms (GenLOTs) and lapped biorthogonal transforms (LBTs) with linear phase based on the analysis developed in this letter.
Prevention and amelioration of collagen‐induced arthritis by blockade of the CD28 co‐stimulatory pathway: requirement for both B7‐1 and B7‐2

Collagen type II‐induced arthritis (CIA) is an experimental model of arthritis that has been successfully used to dissect the pathogenesis of human rheumatoid arthritis and to identify potential therapeutic targets. We have used this model to evaluate the role of T cell co‐stimulation in both disease development and progression. T cell co‐stimulation is provided by ligation of CD28 with either B7‐1 or B7‐2 present on antigen‐presenting cells and can be prevented by a soluble form of CTLA‐4 (CTLA‐4Ig) which binds with high affinity to both B7‐1 and B7‐2. We found that administration of CTLA‐4Ig at the time of immunization prevented the development of CIA and was associated with lack of lymphocyte expansion within the draining lymph node and failure to produce anti‐collagen IgG1 or IgG2a antibodies. To determine which CD28 ligand plays a more dominant role in CIA, we treated mice with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against either B7‐1 or B7‐2. Neither anti‐B7‐1 nor anti‐B7‐2 had any effect on the course of CIA when given alone, but resulted in reduced incidence and clinical scores when given together. Interestingly, when treatment was delayed until after the onset of clinical disease, both CTLA‐4Ig or anti‐B7‐1 plus anti‐B7‐2 mAb still ameliorated disease. Effective treatment was associated with a reduction in interferon‐γ production by lymph node cells following stimulation in vitro, suggesting that Th1 responses were diminished. This study points to a critical role of CD28 co‐stimulation in the development and perpetuation of CIA in DBA/1 mice. Interestingly, it demonstrates an active role for T cells in the later stages of this disease and implicates both B7‐1 and B7‐2‐mediated co‐stimulation in the pathogenesis of CIA.
A New Approximation Method for Set Covering Problems, with Applications to Multidimensional Bin Packing

In this paper we introduce a new general approximation method for set covering problems, based on the combination of randomized rounding of the (near-) optimal solution of the linear programming (LP) relaxation, leading to a partial integer solution and the application of a well-behaved approximation algorithm to complete this solution. If the value of the solution returned by the latter can be bounded in a suitable way, as is the case for the most relevant generalizations of bin packing, the method leads to improved approximation guarantees, along with a proof of tighter integrality gaps for the LP relaxation. For $d$-dimensional vector packing, we obtain a polynomial-time randomized algorithm with asymptotic approximation guarantee arbitrarily close to $\ln d + 1$. For $d=2$, this value is $1.693\dots$; i.e., we break the natural 2 “barrier” for this case. Moreover, for small values of $d$ this is a notable improvement over the previously known $O(\ln d)$ guarantee by Chekuri and Khanna [SIAM J. Comput. , 33 (2004), pp. 837-851]. For two-dimensional bin packing with and without rotations, we obtain polynomial-time randomized algorithms with asymptotic approximation guarantee $1.525\dots$, improving upon previous algorithms with asymptotic performance guarantees arbitrarily close to 2 by Jansen and van Stee [On strip packing with rotations, in Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, 2005, pp. 755-761] for the problem with rotations and $1.691\ldots$ by Caprara [Math. Oper. Res., 33 (2008), pp. 203-215] for the problem without rotations. The previously unknown key property used in our proofs follows from a retrospective analysis of the implications of the landmark bin packing approximation scheme by Fernandez de la Vega and Lueker [Combinatorica, 1 (1981), pp. 349-355]. We prove that their approximation scheme is “subset oblivious,” which leads to numerous applications.
Task-Based User Modelling for Personalization via Probabilistic Matrix Factorization

We introduce a novel approach to user modelling for behavioral targeting: task-based user representation and present an approach based on search task extraction from search logs wherein users are represented by their actions over a task-space. Given a web search log, we extract search tasks performed by users and nd user representations based on these tasks. More specically, we construct a user-task association matrix and borrow insights from Collaborative Filtering to learn low-dimensional factor model wherein the interests/preferences of a user are determined by a small number of latent factors. We compare the performance of the proposed approach on the task of collaborative query recommendation on publicly available AOL search log with a standard term-similarity baseline and discuss potential future research directions.
Zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) thiolate transitions in metallothionein.

The metal-specific absorption envelopes of zinc-, cadmium-, and mercury-metallothioneins and of complexes of these metal ions with 2-mercaptoethanol have been analyzed in terms of Jørgensen's electronegativity theory for charge-transfer excitations by using the spectra of zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) tetrahalides as references. By Gaussian analysis the difference absorption spectra of the various forms of metallothionein vs. thionein and of the corresponding 2-mercaptoethanol complexes vs. 2-mercaptoethanol were resolved into three components. For each metal derivative the location of the lowest energy band is in good agreement with the position of the first ligand-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transition (type t2 leads to a1) predicted from the optical electronegativity difference of the thiolate ligands and of the central metal ion by assuming tetrahedral coordination. There is also a correspondence between the effects of the metal ion on the position of the first LMCT band and the binding energy of the 2p electrons of the sulfur ligands as found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements [Sokolowski, G. , Pilz, W. , & Weser, U. (1974) FEBS Lett. 48, 222]. Due to the lack of exact structural information, the assignment of the two other resolved metal-dependent bands remains conjectural, but it is likely that they include a second LMCT transition (type t2 leads to a1) analogous to that occurring in tetrahalide complexes of group-2B metal ions. The simplicity of the resolved thiolate spectra and their correspondence to those of tetrahedral models support the view that the various metal-binding sites of metallothionein are chemically similar and that the coordination environment of the metal ion has a symmetry related to that of a tetrahedron [Vasák, M. (1980) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 3953].
When big is beautiful: Some consequences of bias in kangaroo culling.

Large males prime targets Kirkpatrick and Nance (1985) clearly showed a strong bias towards males in the commercial kangaroo harvest in Queensland (Fig. 1). The result was strongest in the smallest of the three species, the common wallaroo, but equally present in red and grey kangaroo culls. Pople (1996) showed that this trend has continued into the 90's with a clear bias towards older males. If we compare Kirkpatrick and Nances' average values for red kangaroos against the proportional representation of male age classes in an unharvested population at Fowlers Gap station (Edwards et al. 1994) then clearly 4-9 year olds are strongly selected for in the cull (Fig. 2). The consequence may be the virtual elimination of males in this and older age classes as Pople (1996) found at Amaroo station in 1992.
Automated selection of LEDs by luminance and chromaticity coordinate

The increased use of LEDs for lighting purposes has led to the development of numerous applications requireing a pre-selection of LEDs by their luminance and / or their chromaticity coordinate. This paper demonstrates how a manual pre-selection process can be realized using a relatively simple configuration. Since a manual selection service can only be commercially viable als long as only small quantities of LEDs need to be sorted, an automated solution suggests itself. This paper intruduces such a solution, which has been developed by HarzOptics in close cooperation with Rundfunk Gernrode. The paper also discusses current challenges in measurement technology as well as market trends.
SGML and XML Document Grammars and Exceptions

The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and the Extensible Markup Language (XML) allow users to define document-type definitions (DTDs), which are essentially extended context-free grammars expressed in a notation that is similar to extended Backus? Naur form. The right-hand side of a production, called a content model, is both an extended and a restricted regular expression. The semantics of content models for SGML DTDs can be modified by exceptions (XML does not allow exceptions). Inclusion exceptions allow named elements to appear anywhere within the content of a content model, and exclusion exceptions preclude named elements from appearing in the content of a content model. We give precise definitions of the semantics of exceptions, and prove that they do not increase the expressive power of SGML DTDs when we restrict DTDs according to accepted SGML practice. We prove the following results:1. Exceptions do not increase the expressive power of extended context-free grammars.2. For each DTD with exceptions, we can obtain a structurally equivalent extended context-free grammar.3. For each DTD with exceptions, we can construct a structurally equivalent DTD when we restrict the DTD to adhere to accepted SGML practice.4. Exceptions are a powerful shorthand notation? eliminating them may cause exponential growth in the size of an extended context-free grammar or of a DTD.
VIP-WAVE: On the Feasibility of IP Communications in 802.11p Vehicular Networks

Vehicular communication networks, such as the 802.11p and Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) technologies, are becoming a fundamental platform for providing real-time access to safety and entertainment information. In particular, infotainment applications and, consequently, IP-based communications, are key to leverage market penetration and deployment costs of the 802.11p/WAVE network. However, the operation and performance of IP in 802.11p/WAVE are still unclear as the WAVE standard guidelines for being IP compliant are rather minimal. This paper studies the 802.11p/WAVE standard and its limitations for the support of infrastructure-based IP applications, and proposes the Vehicular IP in WAVE (VIP-WAVE) framework. VIP-WAVE defines the IP configuration for extended and non-extended IP services, and a mobility management scheme supported by Proxy Mobile IPv6 over WAVE. It also exploits multi-hop communications to improve the network performance along roads with different levels of infrastructure presence. Furthermore, an analytical model considering mobility, handoff delays, collisions, and channel conditions is developed for evaluating the performance of IP communications in WAVE. Extensive simulations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of our analytical model and the effectiveness of VIP-WAVE in making feasible the deployment of IP applications in the vehicular network.
A novel framework for recognizing phonemes of singing voice in polyphonic music

A novel method is described that can be used to recognize the phoneme of a singing voice (vocal) in polyphonic music. Though we focus on the voiced phoneme in this paper, this method is design to concurrently recognize other elements of a singing voice such as fundamental frequency and singer. Thus, this method is considered to be a new framework for recognizing a singing voice in polyphonic music. Our method stochastically models a mixture of a singing voice and other instrumental sounds without segregating the singing voice. It can also estimate a reliable spectral envelope by estimating it from many harmonic structures with various fundamental frequencies (F0s). The results of phoneme recognition experiments with 10 popular-music songs by 6 singers showed that our method improves the recognition accuracy by 8.7 points and achieves a 20.0% decrease in error rate.
Deficiency of Endothelial Cxcr4 Reduces Reendothelialization and Enhances Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in Atherosclerosis-Prone Mice

Objective—The Cxcl12/Cxcr4 chemokine ligand/receptor axis mediates the mobilization of smooth muscle cell progenitors, driving injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. This study aimed to investigate the role of endothelial Cxcr4 in neointima formation. Approach and Results—&bgr;-Galactosidase staining using bone marrow x kinase (Bmx)-CreERT2 reporter mice and double immunofluorescence revealed an efficient and endothelial-specific deletion of Cxcr4 in Bmx-CreERT2+ compared with Bmx-CreERT2− Cxcr4-floxed apolipoprotein E–deficient (Apoe−/−) mice (referred to as Cxcr4EC-KOApoE−/− and Cxcr4EC-WT ApoE−/−, respectively). Endothelial Cxcr4 deficiency significantly increased wire injury–induced neointima formation in carotid arteries from Cxcr4EC-KOApoE−/− mice. The lesions displayed a higher number of macrophages, whereas the smooth muscle cell and collagen content were reduced. This was associated with a significant reduction in reendothelialization and endothelial cell proliferation in injured Cxcr4EC-KOApoE−/− carotids compared with Cxcr4EC-WTApoE−/− controls. Furthermore, stimulation of human aortic endothelial cells with chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) significantly enhanced their wound-healing capacity in an in vitro scratch assay, an effect that could be reversed with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Also, flow cytometric analysis showed a reduced mobilization of Sca1+Flk1+Cd31+ and of Lin−Sca1+ progenitors in Cxcr4EC-KO ApoE−/− mice after vascular injury, although Cxcr4 surface expression was unaltered. No differences could be detected in plasma concentrations of Cxcl12, vascular endothelial growth factor, sphingosine 1-phosphate, or Flt3 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) ligand, all cytokines with an established role in progenitor cell mobilization. Nonetheless, double immunofluorescence revealed a significant reduction in local endothelial Cxcl12 staining in injured carotids from Cxcr4EC-KOApoE−/− mice. Conclusions—Endothelial Cxcr4 is crucial for efficient reendothelialization after vascular injury through endothelial wound healing and proliferation, and through the mobilization of Sca1+Flk1+Cd31+ cells, often referred to as circulating endothelial progenitor cells.
A new multi-relational mining method exploiting ER models

It presents an approach based on ER models to solve statistical skew and low efficiency problems in multi-relational data mining. It makes use of the constraints between entity sets and relationship sets of an ER model, and applies extended SQL statistical primitives to produce multi-relational frequent patterns on the interesting attributes, avoiding physical joining among all relational tables. It proposes a new algorithm for mining multi-relational frequent itemsets, and two theorems ensure the correctness of the method to relational databases. Other kinds of work are introduced and analyzed, which are based on different conditions or requirements.
Childhood Obesity and Sleep Disturbances

Childhood obesity has been linked with many comorbidities, including sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness. This article will specifically discuss the association between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness. Signs and symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options will also be addressed. School nurses are in a prime position to help identify children who have the daytime cognitive and behavioral effects of obstructive sleep apnea.
Monumentos arqueológicos del área de Guaquitepec-Sitalá, Chiapas, México: datos disponibles y nuevas interpretaciones

El articulo esta dedicado al estudio de un grupo de monumentos arqueologicos localizados en la region de Guaquitepec y Sitala, en el norte de Chiapas, Mexico, una region poco socorrida por los estudiosos de la cultura maya. Se propone, a la luz de los conocimientos con los que actualmente se cuenta sobre la historia de los antiguos mayas, que dichos monumentos son evidencia de la existencia de una importante confluencia de rutas de comunicacion en este lugar, ampliamente usada en la antiguedad por las entidades politicas circunvecinas.
Regulation of early adenovirus gene expression.

INTRODUCTION . 419 GENE ORGANIZATION . 419 TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF EARLY GENES . 420 TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL. 421 ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION BY ElA 421 Mechanism for E1A Action . 423 E2F Factor . 423 Basis for Control of E2F by ElA . 424 Coordinate Control of Transcription . 424 REPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTION BY ElA . 425 TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL AND ONCOGENESIS . 426 SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES.426 LITERATURE CITED. 427
The Lipase Engineering Database: a navigation and analysis tool for protein families

The Lipase Engineering Database (LED) (http://www.led.uni-stuttgart.de) integrates information on sequence, structure, and function of lipases, esterases, and related proteins. Sequence data on 806 protein entries are assigned to 38 homologous families, which are grouped into 16 superfamilies with no global sequence similarity between each other. For each family, multisequence alignments are provided with functionally relevant residues annotated. Pre-calculated phylogenetic trees allow navigation inside superfamilies. Experimental structures of 45 proteins are superposed and consistently annotated. The LED has been applied to systematically analyze sequence-structure-function relationships of this vast and diverse enzyme class. It is a useful tool to identify functionally relevant residues apart from the active site residues, and to design mutants with desired substrate specificity.
Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0

These guidelines explain how to make Web content [p. 25] accessible to people with disabilities. The guidelines are intended for all Web content developers [p. 24] (page authors and site designers) and for developers of authoring tools [p. 24] . The primary goal of these guidelines is to promote accessibility. However, following them will also make Web content more available to all users, whatever user agent [p. 28] they are using (e.g., desktop browser, voice browser, mobile phone, automobile-based personal computer, etc.) or constraints they may be operating under (e.g., noisy surroundings, underor over-illuminated rooms, in a hands-free environment, etc.). Following these guidelines will also help people find information on the Web more quickly. These guidelines do not discourage content developers from using images, video, etc., but rather explain how to make multimedia content more accessible to a wide audience. This is a reference document for accessibility principles and design ideas. Some of the strategies discussed in this document address certain Web internationalization and mobile access concerns. However, this document focuses on accessibility and does not fully address the related concerns of other W3C Activities. Please consult the W3C Mobile Access Activity home page and the W3C Internationalization Activity home page for more information. 26 Aug 2000 22:02 1 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0