Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Kidney Injury for Patients Treated With a High‐Potency Versus Moderate‐Potency Statin Regimen After an Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background Observational studies have raised concerns that high‐potency statins increase the risk of acute kidney injury. We therefore examined the incidence of kidney injury across 2 randomized trials of statin therapy. Methods and Results PROVE IT‐TIMI 22 enrolled 4162 subjects after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and randomized them to atorvastatin 80 mg/day versus pravastatin 40 mg/day. A‐to‐Z enrolled 4497 subjects after ACS and randomized them to a high‐potency (simvastatin 40 mg/day×1 months, then simvastatin 80 mg/day) versus a delayed moderate‐potency statin strategy (placebo×4 months, then simvastatin 20 mg/day). Serum creatinine was assessed centrally at serial time points. Adverse events (AEs) relating to kidney injury were identified through database review. Across both trials, mean serum creatinine was similar between treatment arms at baseline and throughout follow‐up. In A‐to‐Z, the incidence of a 1.5‐fold or ≥0.3 mg/dL rise in serum creatinine was 11.4% for subjects randomized to a high‐potency statin regimen versus 12.4% for those on a delayed moderate‐potency regimen (odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.10; P=0.33). In PROVE IT‐TIMI 22, the incidence was 9.4% for subjects randomized to atorvastatin 80 mg/day and 10.6% for subjects randomized to pravastatin 40 mg/day (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.09; P=0.25). Consistent results were observed for different kidney injury thresholds and in individuals with diabetes mellitus or with moderate renal dysfunction. The incidence of kidney injury‐related adverse events (AEs) was not statistically different for patients on a high‐potency versus moderate‐potency statin regimen (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.67; P=0.78). Conclusions For patients enrolled in 2 large randomized trials of statin therapy after ACS, the use of a high‐potency statin regimen did not increase the risk of kidney injury.
An occlusion capable optical see-through head mount display for supporting co-located collaboration

An ideal augmented reality (AR) display for multi-user co-located collaboration should have following three features: 1) any virtual object should be able to be shown at any arbitrary position, e.g. a user can see a virtual object in front of other users' faces. 2) Correct occlusion of virtual and real objects should be supported. 3) The real world should be naturally and clearly visible, which is important for face-to-face conversation. We have been developing an optical see-through display, ELMO (Enhanced see-through display using an LCD panel for Mutual Occlusion), that satisfies these three requirements. While previous prototype systems were not practical due to their size and weight, we have come up with an improved optics design which has reduced size and is lightweight enough to wear. In this paper, the characteristics of typical multi-user three-dimensional displays are summarized and the design details of the latest optics are then described. Finally, a collaborative AR application employing the new display and its user experience are explained.
Under Consideration for Publication in J. Functional Programming

We present a new and simple account of α-conversion suitable for formal reasoning. Our main tool is to define α-conversion as a a structural congruence parametrized by a partial bijection on free variables. We show a number of basic properties of substitution. e.g. that substitution is monadic which entails all the usual substitution laws. Finally, we relate α-equivalence classes to de Bruijn terms.
A 0.3-V Operating, Vth-Variation-Tolerant SRAM under DVS Environment for Memory-Rich SoC in 90-nm Technology Era and Beyond

SUMMARY We propose a voltage control scheme for 6T SRAM cells that makes a minimum operation voltage down to 0.3 V under DVS environment. A supply voltage to the memory cells and wordline drivers, bitline voltage, and body bias voltage of load pMOSFETs are controlled according to read and write operations, which secures operation margins even at a low operation voltage. A self-aligned timing control with a dummy wordline and its feedback is also introduced to guarantee stable operation in a wide range of the supply voltage. A measurement result of a 64-kb SRAM in a 90-nm process technology shows that a power reduction of 30% can be achieved at 100 MHz. In a 65-nm 64-Mb SRAM, a 74% power saving is expected at 1/6 of the maximum operating frequency. The performance penalty by the proposed scheme is less than 1%, and area overhead is 5.6%.
DimNoC: A dim silicon approach towards power-efficient on-chip network

The diminishing momentum of Dennard scaling leads to the ever increasing power density of integrated circuits, and a decreasing portion of transistors on a chip that can be switched on simultaneously-a problem recently discovered and known as dark silicon. There has been innovative work to address the “dark silicon” problem in the fields of power-efficient core and cache system. However, dark silicon challenges with Network-on-Chip (NoC) are largely unexplored. To address this issue, we propose DimNoC, a “dim silicon” approach, which leverages drowsy SRAM and STT-RAM technologies to replace pure SRAM-based NoC buffers. Specifically, we propose two novel hybrid buffer architectures: 1) a Hierarchical Buffer (HB) architecture, which divides the input buffers into a hierarchy of levels with different memory technologies operating at various power states; 2) a Banked Buffer (BB) architecture, which organizes drowsy SRAM and STT-RAM into separate banks in order to hide the long write-latency of STT-RAM. Our experiments show that the proposed DimNoC can achieve 30.9% network energy saving, 20.3% energy-delay product (EDP) reduction, and 7.6% router area decrease compared with the baseline SRAM-based NoC design.
A Network Behavior-Based Botnet Detection Mechanism Using PSO and K-means

In today's world, Botnet has become one of the greatest threats to network security. Network attackers, or Botmasters, use Botnet to launch the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) to paralyze large-scale websites or steal confidential data from infected computers. They also employ “phishing” attacks to steal sensitive information (such as users’ accounts and passwords), send bulk email advertising, and/or conduct click fraud. Even though detection technology has been much improved and some solutions to Internet security have been proposed and improved, the threat of Botnet still exists. Most of the past studies dealing with this issue used either packet contents or traffic flow characteristics to identify the invasion of Botnet. However, there still exist many problems in the areas of packet encryption and data privacy, simply because Botnet can easily change the packet contents and flow characteristics to circumvent the Intrusion Detection System (IDS). This study combines Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and K-means algorithms to provide a solution to remedy those problems and develop, step by step, a mechanism for Botnet detection. First, three important network behaviors are identified: long active communication behavior (ActBehavior), connection failure behavior (FailBehavior), and network scanning behavior (ScanBehavior). These behaviors are defined according to the relevant prior studies and used to analyze the communication activities among the infected computers. Second, the features of network behaviors are extracted from the flow traces in the network layer and transport layer of the network equipment. Third, PSO and K-means techniques are used to uncover the host members of Botnet in the organizational network. This study mainly utilizes the flow traces of a campus network as an experiment. The experimental findings show that this proposed approach can be employed to detect the suspicious Botnet members earlier than the detection application systems. In addition, this proposed approach is easy to implement and can be further used and extended in the campus dormitory network, home networks, and the mobile 3G network.
Acute hormonal responses in elite junior weightlifters.

To date, no published studies have demonstrated resistance exercise-induced increases in serum testosterone in adolescent males. Furthermore, few data are available on the effects of training experience and lifting performance on acute hormonal responses to weightlifting in young males. Twenty-eight junior elite male Olympic-style weightlifters (17.3 +/- 1.4 yrs) volunteered for the study. An acute weightlifting exercise protocol using moderate to high intensity loads and low volume, characteristic of many weightlifting training sessions, was examined. The exercise protocol was directed toward the training associated with the snatch lift weightlifting exercise. Blood samples were obtained from a superficial arm vein at 7 a.m. (for baseline measurements), and again at pre-exercise, 5 min post-, and 15 min post-exercise time points for determination of serum testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, plasma beta-endorphin, and whole blood lactate. The exercise protocol elicited significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) increases in each of the hormones and whole blood lactate compared to pre-exercise measures. While not being significantly older, subsequent analysis revealed that subjects with greater than 2 years training experience exhibited significant exercise-induced increases in serum testosterone from pre-exercise to 5 min post-exercise (16.2 +/- 6.2 to 21.4 +/- 7.9 nmol.l-1), while those with less than or equal to 2 years training showed no significant serum testosterone differences. None of the other hormones or whole blood lactate appear to be influenced by training experience. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arthroscopically Assisted Treatment of Lateral Tibial Plateau Fractures in Skiers: Use of a Cannulated Reduction System

Summary: A prospective study was performed on 16 patients with lateral tibial plateau fractures. All injuries were associated with alpine or cross-country skiing. Included in the study were those patients with an articular surface depression of >2 mm with radiographic findings consistent with the AO/ASIF classification of tibial plateau fractures (41 B2.2/B3.1). A combined procedure was performed with arthroscopic visualization of the knee joint and utilization of a cannulated plateau elevator. All fractures were reduced with this device with subsequent autogenous bone graft and, when indicated, transverse cancellous lag screw fixation. Follow-up was 1-6.5 years for the 16 patients, with all but two reporting resumption of activity to preinjury levels
Perioperative Management of Antiplatelet-Drugs in Cardiac Surgery

The management of coronary patients scheduled for a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), who are receiving one or more antiplatelet drugs, is plenty of controversies. It has been shown that withdrawal of antiplatelet drugs is associated with an increased risk of a thrombotic event, but surgery under an altered platelet function also means an increased risk of bleeding in the perioperative period. Because of the conflict recommendations, this review article tries to evaluate the outcome of different perioperative antiplatelet protocols in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing CABG.
Delta-type four-DOF force-feedback device composed of pneumatic artificial muscles and magnetorheological clutch and its application to lid opening

Force-feedback devices, along with virtual reality, are being studied for applications related to entertainment and rehabilitation. These devices generally comprise either direct drive motors or motors with reduction gear. However, suitable force feedback with high stiffness requires high-power and very large motors with reduction gears. Although rigidity can be increased with reduction gears, they reduce back-drivability and limit the motion freedom of the device. To address these problems, we developed a force-feedback device actuated with a magnetorheological clutch and pneumatic artificial muscles. The device can smoothly vary its stiffness and viscosity, and provides good back-drivability. In this paper, we report the development and testing of a prototype with one rotational and three translational degrees of freedom. We evaluated the effectiveness of force feedback per degree of freedom, and the prototype being used to resemble lid opening.
ArcCRUST: Arctic Crustal Thickness From 3‐D Gravity Inversion

The ArcCRUST model consists of crustal thickness and estimated crustal thinning factors grids for the High Arctic and Circum‐Arctic regions (north of 67°N). This model is derived by using 3‐D forward and inverse gravity modeling. Updated sedimentary thickness grid, an oceanic lithosphere age model together with inferred microcontinent rifting ages, variable crystalline crust and sediment densities, and dynamic topography models constrain this inversion. We use published high‐quality 2‐D seismic crustal‐scale models to create a database of Depths to Seismic Moho (DSM) profiles. To check the quality of the ArcCRUST model, we have performed a statistical analysis of misfits between the ArcCRUST Moho depths and DSM values. Systematic analysis of the misfits within the Arctic sedimentary basins provides information about tectonic processes unaccounted by the assumed model of pure‐shear lithospheric extension. In particular, our model implies a less dense and/or thin mantle lithosphere underneath microcontinents in the deep Arctic Ocean where the ArcCRUST depth to Moho values exceed the DSM. A systematically larger gravity‐derived crustal thickness (~3 km) under the western and northern Greenland Sea points to a hotter upper mantle implied by the seismic tomography models in the North Atlantic.
QUALITY OF LIFE IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

Ancient Indian Literature considers health as a broad and global concept represented by from independent dimensions of physical, psychological, social and spiritual well being (Charak Samhita,1949). This conceptualisation of health is even broader than the modern concept of health as accepted by WHO which aims at restoring "a state of complete physical, mental and social well being". Till the turn of last century the main focus of treatment was on saving the lives but with the development of medicine as a science there has been a conceptual shift from simply treating the. symptoms and prolonging life to improving the QOL of the patients. Chronic illnesses have replaced life threatening conditions as major challenges to clinicians and have brought with them issues such as: cost of treatment, disability, social impairment and burden of care. These issues directly or indirectly influenced the patients sense of well being and self esteem. A number of factors have contributed to sucn development life threatening conditions have been replaced by chronic illnesses and with this the cost of treatment/care has become an important parameter. Cost utility, the concept which involves choice between different methods of treatment based on improvement it provides and the quality of life it gives, is increasingly in use in health care evaluations. In addition, family and patient's groups participation in decision about health care is also being seen as their desire to get therapies for better quality of life. The pharmaceutical industry has been quick to seize the opportunity and is motivated by genuine desire to develop better medications so that they can give better QOL to the patients. After all what matters for the individual patient with a chronic illness is how such an individual feels and functions on long term drug therapy. The concept of quality of life is not so new. However, in its current form it was launched by late American President, Lyndon B. Johnson, during his presidential campaign in 1964, when he gave the idea that people were entitled to "a good quality of life". Thereafter, quality of life has been recognised as one of the mankind's fundamental needs. Initially, only few knew exactly what it meant, but it was evident from its wider acceptance that this concept was an important one. In simple words quality of life is a person's own subjective view of well being and satisfaction with his/her life. It is therefore completely subjective feeling state (Joyce, 1992). Rehumanising medicine and freeing it of high tech objective is the goal of the proponents of quality of life concept.
Patient satisfaction for levonorgestrel intrauterine system and norethisterone for treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

BACKGROUND Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a common problem with complex management. It can be quite harrowing for the physicians as in most instances they are unable to pinpoint the cause of abnormal bleeding even after a thorough history and physical examination. Aim was to compare patient satisfaction for Levonorgestrel intra uterine system (LNG-IUS) and Norethisterone for the treatment of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB). It is Descriptive case series conducted in Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from September, 2011 to September, 2012. METHODS One hundred and nineteen (119) female patients of reproductive age Group with DUB were selected by consecutive sampling. Informed written consent was obtained. A structural patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ) was used to collect information regarding age of patients, type of method used for treatment of DUB (Levonorgestrel or Norethisterone), treatment outcome in terms of patient satisfaction scale, and decrease in bleeding after 6 months. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 41.03 +/- 4.415 year ranging from 28-60 years. The mean parity of women in the study was 3.22 +/- 1.188 with a range of 1-7. The satisfaction level was significantly (p < 0.05) greater (90% versus 20%) in Group A (levonorgesterol-releasing intrauterine system) as compared with Group B (Norethisterone). The blood loss was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Group A (98%) as compared with Group B (80%). The preference of continuing the method as well as recommendation to a friend was significantly greater in Group A as compared to Group B. CONCLUSION The levonorgesterol-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is a better choice as compared to Norethisterone, for treatment of DUB with 90% patients highly satisfied.
Predicting response to peginterferon α-2a, lamivudine and the two combined for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B

Objective: In a trial of patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B, 24 week post-treatment biochemical and virological response rates with peginterferon α-2a with or without lamivudine were significantly higher than with lamivudine alone. The effect of pre-treatment factors on post-treatment responses was investigated. Methods: Multivariate analyses were performed using available data from 518 patients treated with peginterferon α-2a with or without lamivudine, or with lamivudine alone. A post-treatment response was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalisation and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level of <20 000 copies/ml. Results: In logistic regression analyses across all treatment arms, peginterferon α-2a (with or without lamivudine) therapy, younger age, female gender, high baseline ALT, low baseline HBV DNA and HBV genotype were identified as significant predictors of combined response at 24 weeks post-treatment. In the peginterferon α-2a and lamivudine monotherapy arms, patients with genotypes B or C had a higher chance of response than genotype D infected patients (p<0.001), the latter responding better to the combination than to peginterferon α-2a monotherapy (p = 0.015). At 1 year post-treatment, response rates by intention-to-treat analysis were 19.2% for the peginterferon α-2a, 19.0% for the combination, and 10.0% for the lamivudine groups, with genotypes B or C associated with a sustained combined response to peginterferon α-2a with or without lamivudine therapy. Conclusions: Baseline ALT and HBV DNA levels, patient age, gender, and infecting HBV genotype significantly influenced combined response at 24 weeks post-treatment, in patients treated with peginterferon α-2a and/or lamivudine. At 1 year post-treatment HBV genotype was significantly predictive of efficacy for patients treated with peginterferon α-2a with or without lamivudine.
Capturing the Human Action Semantics using a Query-By-Example

The paper describes a method for extracting human action semantics in video’s using queries-by-example. Here we consider the indexing and the matching problems of content-based human motion data retrieval. The query formulation is based on trajectories that may be easily built or extracted by following relevant points on a video, by a novice user too. The so realized trajectories contain high value of action semantics. The semantic schema is built by splitting a trajectory in time ordered sub-sequences that contain the features of extracted points. This kind of semantic representation allows reducing the search space dimensionality and, being human-oriented, allows a selective recognition of actions that are very similar among them. A neural network system analyzes the video semantic similarity, using a two-layer architecture of multilayer perceptrons, which is able to learn the semantic schema of the actions and to recognize them.