Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dark Triad of Personality: A Discussion of the Moral and Evolutionary Implications

Individuals who exhibit the Dark Triad traits of personality are considered to be among the most troublesome members of society. This review seeks to investigate how the dark traits displayed by these persons adversely impact their moral behavior as a product of evolutionary development and adaptation, and as mediated by the BFAS aspect of Compassion. Participants in the present study completed an extensive questionnaire that included measures of general personality traits, psychopathy, the Dark Triad of personality, assignment of moral weight, sociosexuality, infidelity, and a myriad additional demographic features. Predictions for the correlations between the Dark Triad traits, moral assignment, Compassion, and evolutionary based measures were generally supported.
Using Relevant Public Posts to Enhance News Article Summarization

A news article summary usually consists of 2-3 key sentences that reflect the gist of that news article. In this paper we explore using public posts following a new article to improve automatic summary generation for the news article. We propose different approaches to incorporate information from public posts, including using frequency information from the posts to re-estimate bigram weights in the ILP-based summarization model and to re-weight a dependency tree edge’s importance for sentence compression, directly selecting sentences from posts as the final summary, and finally a strategy to combine the summarization results generated from news articles and posts. Our experiments on data collected from Facebook show that relevant public posts provide useful information and can be effectively leveraged to improve news article summarization results.
Passive UHF RFID antennas for sensing applications: Principles, methods, and classifcations

UHF passive radio-frequency identification technology is rapidly evolving from simple labeling of things to wireless pervasive sensing. A remarkable number of scientific papers demonstrate that objects in principle can have their physical properties be remotely tracked and monitored all along their life cycle. The key background is a new paradigm of antenna design that merges together the conventional communication issues with more-specific requirements about sensitivity to time-varying boundary conditions. This paper presents a unified review of the state of the art of the tag-as-sensor problem. Particular care is taken to formalize the measurement indicators and the communication and sensing tradeoff, with the purpose to provide a first knowledge base for facing a large variety of emerging sensing applications.
Discussion of “ Beyond Current Policy Frameworks ”

In this paper Charles Goodhart claims that deflation can be either “good” or “bad”. Only the latter should be of concern, and this might raise scope for some asset price targeting. In principle, however, in a fiat money system central banks can always get rid, through open market operations, of (goods’ price) deflation, so that if a deflation were to occur it would be only for selfor externally-imposed limitations on central banks’ actions. In this case there might be, as in the recent Japanese experience, possibly relevant re-entry problems. However, worries of deflation seem in general to Goodhart to be greatly exaggerated.
Bounds on Conditional Probabilities with Applications in Multi-User Communication

We consider a sequence {Zg}i~ 1 of independent, identically distributed random variables where each Z i is a pair (Xi, Y/). For any pair of events {X"~ ~r { Y"~ N} satisfying Pr(Y" e NIX" s d ) > 1 ~ and for any non-negative real c we investigate how small P r ( Y " ~ ) can be in case P r ( X " e d ) is larger than 2 -"c. We give the full answer to a generalized form of this question. These estimates enable us to prove strong converses of the coding theorems for two recently emerged questions in Shannon's information theory, i.e. the source coding problem with side information and the coding problem for the degraded broadcast channel.
Net Exports, Consumption Volatility, and International Real Business Cycle Methods

Conventional two-country RBC models interpret countercyclical net exports as reflecting, in large part, the dynamics of capital. I show that, quantitatively, theoretical economies rely on counterfactual terms of trade effects: trade fluctuations, on the contrary, are driven primarily by consumption smoothing, thus generating procyclical net trade in goods. I then consider a class of preferences that embeds home production in a reduced form: consumption volatility increases so that countercyclical net exports reflect primarily a strong relation between import of goods and income, as in the data. The major discrepancy between theory and data concerns the variability of international prices.
Apelin Ameliorates TNF-α-Induced Reduction of Glycogen Synthesis in the Hepatocytes through G Protein-Coupled Receptor APJ

Apelin, a novel adipokine, is the specific endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Consistent with its putative role as an adipokine, apelin has been linked to states of insulin resistance. However, the function of apelin in hepatic insulin resistance, a vital part of insulin resistance, and its underlying mechanisms still remains unclear. Here we define the impacts of apelin on TNF-α-induced reduction of glycogen synthesis in the hepatocytes. Our studies indicate that apelin reversed TNF-α-induced reduction of glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells, mouse primary hepatocytes and liver tissues of C57BL/6J mice by improving JNK-IRS1-AKT-GSK pathway. Moreover, Western blot revealed that APJ, but not apelin, expressed in the hepatocytes and liver tissues of mice. We found that F13A, a competitive antagonist for G protein-coupled receptor APJ, suppressed the effects of apelin on TNF-α-induced reduction of glycogen synthesis in the hepatocytes, suggesting APJ is involved in the function of apelin. In conclusion, we show novel evidence suggesting that apelin ameliorates TNF-α-induced reduction of glycogen synthesis in the hepatocytes through G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin appears as a beneficial adipokine with anti-insulin resistance properties, and thus as a promising therapeutic target in metabolic disorders.
An Android-Based Heart Monitoring System for the Elderly and for Patients with Heart Disease

The current trend in health monitoring systems is to move from the hospital to portable personal devices. This work shows how consumer devices like heart rate monitors can be used not only for applications in sports, but also for medical research and diagnostic purposes. The goal pursued by our group was to develop a simple, accurate, and inexpensive system that would use a few pieces of data acquired by the heart rate monitor and process them on a smartphone to (i) provide detailed test reports about the user's health state; (ii) store report records; (iii) generate emergency calls or SMSs; and (iv) connect to a remote telemedicine portal to relay the data to an online database. The system developed by our team uses sophisticated algorithms to detect stress states, detect and classify arrhythmia events, and calculate energy consumption. It is suitable for use by elderly subjects and by patients with heart disease (e.g., those recovering from myocardial infarction) or neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Easy, immediate, and economical remote health control can therefore be achieved without the need for expensive hospital equipment, using only portable consumer devices.
The Emotions and Cognitions Behind Financial Decisions : The Implications of Theory for Practice

Financial decisions are compelled and constrained by non-financial factors. These include personality characteristics of individuals as well as the social environments in which decisions are made. This paper provides an overview of theories that seek to explain how non-financial factors influence financial decisions: Developmental Psychology, Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence, Behavioral Economics, Neuro-Brain Research, and Culture of Poverty. Our interest is in what these theories imply about the behavior of vulnerable, particularly low-income groups. The literature reviewed indicates the importance of emotions and feelings in decision making; these must be considered in developing and evaluating financial literacy education programs. The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a grant from the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) funded as part of the Financial Literacy Research Consortium. The opinions and conclusions expressed are solely those of the author(s) and do not represent the opinions or policy of SSA, any agency of the Federal Government, or the Center for Financial Security at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Steady-state entanglement by engineered quasi-local Markovian dissipation: Hamiltonian-assisted and conditional stabilization

We characterize time-independent Markovian dynamics that drive a finite-dimensional multipartite quantum system into a target (pure) entangled steady state, subject to physical locality constraints. New control schemes are introduced in situations where the desired stabilization task {\em cannot} be attained solely based on quasi-local dissipative means, as considered in previous analysis. The new schemes either allow for Hamiltonian control or, if the latter is not an option, suitably restrict the set of admissible initial states. In both cases, we provide explicit algorithms for constructing a Markovian master equation that achieves the intended objective and show how this genuinely extends the manifold of stabilizable states. In particular, we present dissipative quasi-local control protocols for deterministically engineering multipartite GHZ ``cat'' states and W states on $n$ qubits. For GHZ states, we show that no scalable procedure exists for achieving stabilization from arbitrary initial states, whereas this is possible for a target W state by a suitable combination of a two-body Hamiltonian and dissipators. Interestingly, for both entanglement classes, we show that quasi-local stabilization may be {\em scalably} achieved conditional to initialization of the system in a large, appropriately chosen subspace.
A Kinect-Based Physiotherapy and Assessment Platform for Parkinson's Disease Patients

We report on a Kinect-based, augmented reality, real-time physiotherapy platform tailored to Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The platform employs a Kinect sensor to extract real-time 3D skeletal data (joint information) from a patient facing the sensor (at 30 frames per second). In addition, a small collection of exercises practiced in traditional physiotherapy for PD patients has been implemented in the Unity 3D game engine. Each exercise employs linear or circular movement patterns and poses very light-weight processing demands on real-time computations. During an exercise, trainer instruction demonstrates correct execution and Kinect-provided 3D joint data are fed to the game engine and compared to exercise-specific control routines to assess proper posture and body control in real time. When an exercise is complete, performance metrics appropriate for that exercise are computed and displayed on screen to enable the attending physiotherapist to fine-tune the exercise to the abilities/needs of an individual patient as well as to provide performance feedback to the patient. The platform can operate in a physiotherapist's office and, following appropriate validation, in a home environment. Finally, exercises can be parameterized meaningfully, depending on the intended purpose (motor assessment versus plain exercise at home).
Children' s Form-Meaning Connections on Verb Phrases in Elementary School English Activities

1 はじめに 日本の子どもの英語学習は,「外国語(英語)活動」 として全国の小学校で取組が始まっている。 日本の英語 学習は日常の生活では英語を使用することは少なく, 英語を外国語として授業等の中だけで学ぶ言語環境 (English as a foreign language: EFL)で行われる場合が多 い。 このような状況の中において,英語活動は子どもが 初めて英語という外国語に週一回出会う場であると考え られる。 英語活動の目的は英語に拠るコミュニケーシ ョンの素地を育て,ことばへの気づきを高めること等 を主な目的とし,できるだけ英語の音声に触れること が大切であるとされた(文部科学省, 2008a)。 活動内 容の拠り所として『英語ノートI,II』(文部科学省, 2008b)と, 『英語ノート指導資料I,II』(文部科学省, 2008c)が配布された。 外国語活動の留意事項として, 「細かい文構造などに関する抽象的な概念を理解する ことを通じて学習の興味・関心を持続することは,児 童にとって難しい」とされているが,「外国語の音声や 基本的な表現に慣れ親しみ, 聞く力などを育てる」こと を大切とし, 「外国語を通じて」,「外国語を注意深く聞い て」他者とかかわる体験は重要であるとされている(文 部科学省,2008d)。 指導者は,言語のルールを教えこむのではなく,意味 のある言語活動に慣れ親しめるよう,“teacher talk”(子 どもに分かりやすい英語での語り)を工夫し, 子どもは, 英語の音声を聞いてその意味を推測する。 この学び方は 小学校外国語活動の根幹を成す営みであると考えられ る。 このような音声からの導入に活用できるように『英 語ノートデジタル教材』(文部科学省, 2008e)が各小学 校に配布され,担任を中心としたティームティーチング 等と併せて英語の音声に触れられる環境作りが進められ つつある。 できるだけ目標言語(英語)で授業すること は大切であるが,必ずしも全てを英語で行うことが最優 先されているわけではない。 教師の表情, ジェスチャー, 日本語の補助的なサポートも重要であり, 子どもが「理 解できるインプット」が保障され,音声の意味がある程 度推測できることが大切であろう。 本研究では,このような教室の状況を踏まえ,子ども が英語を聞いたり話したりするときに,インプットの音 声形式(form)とその意味(meaning)をうまく繋いで いるのかどうかを動詞や動詞フレーズに焦点をあてて分 析する。 本研究で扱うformとは,2 語以上を含み, 動詞と 目的語の関係(VO-Combination)を意味する。 一つの動 詞を含む「まとまりの概念」で,文法的な構造を含んで 小学校外国語活動における子どもの動詞フレーズに関する 音声形式と意味の繋がり
Resource-limited Index Construction for Large Texts

An inverted index stores, for each term that appears in a collection of documents, a list of document numbers containing that term. Such an index is indispensable when Boolean or informal ranked queries are to be answered. Construction of the index is, however, a non-trivial task. Simple methods using in-memory data structures cannot be used for large collections because they require too much random access storage, and traditional disk-based methods require large amounts of temporary le space. In this paper a new method is described, making use of two simple compression codes for the positive integers, and an in-place merging structure. Analysis shows that the new technique is capable of inverting a 5 Gb collection in approximately 13 hours on a typical workstation, using 40 Mb of main memory and 120 Mb of additional temporary disk space.
Phase-field model study of the effect of interface anisotropy on the crystal morphological evolution of cubic metals

An expression is proposed for the anisotropy of interfacial energy of cubic metals, based on the symmetry of the crystal structure. The associated coefficients can be determined experimentally or assessed using computational methods. Calculations demonstrate an average relative error of <3% in comparison with the embedded-atom data for face-centred cubic metals. For body-centred-cubic metals, the errors are around 7% due to discrepancies at {332} and {433} planes. The coefficients for {100}, {110}, {111} and {210} planes are well-behaved and can be used to simulate the consequences of interfacial anisotropy. The results have been applied in three-dimensional phase-field modelling of the evolution of crystal shapes, and the outcomes have been compared favourably with equilibrium shapes expected from Wulff’s theorem.
Improving translation models by applying asymmetric learning

The statistical Machine Translation Model has two components: a language model and a translation model. This paper describes how to improve the quality of the translation model by using the common word pairs extracted by two asymmetric learning approaches. One set of word pairs is extracted by Viterbi alignment using a translation model, the other set is extracted by Viterbi alignment using another translation model created by reversing the languages. The common word pairs are extracted as the same word pairs in the two sets of word pairs. We conducted experiments using English and Japanese. Our method improves the quality of a original translation model by 5.7%. The experiments also show that the proposed learning method improves the word alignment quality independent of the training domain and the translation model. Moreover, we show that common word pairs are almost as useful as regular dictionary entries for training purposes.
The Hygroscopic Opening of Sesame Fruits Is Induced by a Functionally Graded Pericarp Architecture

To enhance the distribution of their seeds, plants often utilize hygroscopic deformations that actuate dispersal mechanisms. Such movements are based on desiccation-induced shrinkage of tissues in predefined directions. The basic hygroscopic deformations are typically actuated by a bi-layer configuration, in which shrinking of an active tissue layer is resisted by a stiff layer, generating a set of basic movements including bending, coiling, and twisting. In this study, we investigate a new type of functionally graded hygroscopic movement in the fruit (capsule) of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Microscopic observations of the capsules showed that the inner stiff endocarp layer is built of a bilayer of transverse (i.e., circumferential) and longitudinal fiber cells with the layers positioned in a semi-circle, one inside the other. The outer mesocarp layer is made of soft parenchyma cells. The thickness of the fibrous layers and of the mesocarp exhibits a graded architecture, with gradual changes in their thickness around the capsule circumference. The cellulose microfibrils in the fiber cell walls are lying parallel to the cell long axis, rendering them stiff. The outer mesocarp layer contracted by 300% as it dried. Removal of this outer layer inhibited the opening movement, indicating that it is the active tissue. A biomechanical hygro-elastic model based on the relative thicknesses of the layers successfully simulated the opening curvature. Our findings suggest that the sesame capsules possess a functionally graded architecture, which promotes a non-uniform double-curvature hygroscopic bending movement. In contrast to other hygroscopic organs described in the literature, the sesame capsule actuating and resisting tissues are not uniform throughout the device, but changing gradually. This newly described mechanism can be exploited in bio-inspired designs of novel actuating platforms.
Developmental and regional changes in the neurochemical profile of the rat brain determined by in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy

Sixteen metabolites were quantified from 11–24 μl volumes in three different brain regions (hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex) during postnatal development. Rat pups from the same litter were repeatedly measured on postnatal days 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 using a completely noninvasive and longitudinal study design. Metabolite quantification was based on ultra‐short echo‐time 1H NMR spectroscopy at 9.4 T and LCModel processing. Most of the brain metabolites were quantified with Cramer‐Rao lower bounds (CRLB) less than 20%, which corresponded to an estimated concentration error <0.2 μmol/g. Taurine and total creatine were quantified with CRLB ≤ 5% from all 114 processed spectra. The resulting high reliability and reproducibility revealed significant regional and age‐related changes in metabolite concentrations. The most sensitive markers for developmental and regional variations between hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex were N‐acetylaspartate, myo‐inositol, taurine, glutamate, and choline compounds. Absolute values of metabolite concentrations were in very good agreement with previously published in vitro results based on chromatographic measurements of brain extracts. The current data may serve as a reference for studies focused on developmental defects and pathologies using neonatal rat models. Magn Reson Med 50:24–32, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-EFFICACY AND DECISIONAL BALANCE WITH EXERCISE STAGES OF CHANGE IN KOREAN COLLEGE STUDENTS

The current study examines the exercise behavior of Korean college students and reveals the differences in selfefficacy and decision balance by the stages of exercise behavior.A total of 459college students randomly selected from Seoul National University of Science and technology were surveyed. Three Korean-version questionnaires were used to identify the stage of exercise behavior and psychological attributes of adolescents: Stage of Exercise Behavior Change Questionnaire, Decision Balance Scale for Exercise, and Exercise Self-efficacy Scale. Data dolescents was different by each stage of exercise behavior. In addition, exercise efficacy, exercise benefits and exercise barriers differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior. This study provides information about relatively unstudied Korean college students and has the potential to influence the development of better exercise interventions and health promotion programs for youth.
The opening of dialog and meaning: a pragmatic perspective on intersubjective rationality in the potential initial prodromal stage and early stages of schizophrenia

Abstract A propensity to refer to facts in a fictional context (for example, with a first-person reference: “I think they are getting ready to sleep”) was found among patients in early stages of schizophrenia. Facts in fiction are, however, not immediately relevant since the narrator is usually transparent and the story “tells itself” (e.g., “they are getting ready to sleep”). A control group’s narratives were conventional in this sense. The aim here is to discuss the patient’s references to facts from a pragmatic perspective; as verbal activity types related to the conversational maxims, and especially as related to the discursive problematization of the usually presupposed basic validity conditions of speech. This method of using activity types as a perspective limits the extremely broad concept of “context” which might otherwise have introduced an abundance of inseparable, extrinsic, and always potential aspects of contextual influence. It is concluded that the patients occasionally hyper-comply with the conversational maxims, and recurrently problematize the validity conditions. Basically, the patients’ references to facts open the dialog with the researcher or open the interpretive meaning of the story, and, to a minor degree, the patients sometimes “close” the interpretive meaning by adding supportive argumentative evidence.
Evaluation criteria for free/open source software products based on project analysis

Today many companies decide to select free/open source software (F/OSS) products for various reasons, for example, economical or quality reasons. For many areas of application, they can choose from a variety of packages provided by different communities. Introducing a software tool into a company—either for supporting a certain business process or for the development of its own products—may be more or less critical depending on the application, which may range from explorative to mission critical. One of the most crucial problems in the usage of F/OSS is the actual decision to use a particular product. Although this is rather similar to the usual investment decisions, the consequences of an involvement in a software project are frequently underestimated. Whether a certain package is appropriate for the intended purposes in the given environment and is suitable to the overall business goals of the company is usually not determined systematically, but often arbitrarily. However, many important hints resulting from the development context of an F/OSS product as well as other technical and economical considerations could be helpful to make the product decision process more transparent and deterministic. In this article, we give a systematic approach for supporting a decision to incorporate a particular F/OSS product into an enterprise. Systematic decision support is provided by a rational approach that facilitates evaluating and interpreting the relevant project circumstances of an F/OSS product to be chosen. By this means, F/OSS projects can be critically reviewed in the light of the particular product requirements of the choosing organisation. The article addresses software managers and engineers in industry and academia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.