Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regular simplex criterion: A novel feature extraction criterion

Feature extraction is an important topic in machine learning. There are two representative criterions for feature extraction, i.e. Fisher Criterion and Maximum Margin Criterion. In this paper, we propose a new criterion, called Regular Simplex Criterion. This criterion requires that samples from the same class are projected to the same point, while samples from different classes have unit distance. Under this criterion, we present a novel dimensionality reduction method, namely Linear Simplex Analysis (LSA). LSA is solved by multivariate linear regression with a specific definition of class indicator matrix which has a strong geometrical interpretation, i.e. each column of this matrix corresponds to a vertex of a regular simplex. Several variants of LSA, e.g. Regularized Simplex Analysis (RSA) and Kernel Simplex Analysis (KSA), are also proposed. Encouraging experimental results on UCI machine learning database indicate that the new criterion as well as the proposed methods are very effective.
ALIASING ARTIFACTS IN COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY

Streaking artifacts in tomographic images reconstructed by the filtered-backprojection algorithm are caused by aliasing errors in the projection data. To show this a computer simulation study was performed in which the transforms of undersampled projections were subtracted from the corresponding transforms when the projection data were taken with a very large number of rays. This yielded the aliased spectrum for the undersampled case. An image was reconstructed from the difference transforms. Streaks present in this image exactly matched those present in the undersampled reconstruction. (The number of projections used in this study was large enough to preclude any artifacts caused by their insufficient number.) We have derived a theoretical upper bound for the energy contained in these aliasing artifacts. In this paper we have also briefly touched upon the artifacts caused by other algorithmic aspects of a tomographic system.
Virtual Fixture Guidance for Robot Assisted Teleoperation

I the last several decades, minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has changed the traditional approaches surgery procedures dramatically. MIS could decrease suffered pain, shorten recovery time and hospital stays for the patient. Teleoperation can solve many problems encountered in conventional surgery, so it is often used in MIS surgery. Teleoperation system is a kind of semiautonomous system; the movements of a surgical robot are controlled by surgeon via a master manipulator. The entire system mainly includes five parts: master, slave, communication, operator and environment. The advantages of master-slave teleoperation mode are: under the control of human, robots can perform intricate and complex operations in an environment where difficult to reach (remote situation, difficult or harmful to a human perform the task). This paper presents a master-slave teleoperation control strategy of robotic-assisted for percutaneous renal puncture surgery. The master-slave system consists of a Phantom Omni device used as master manipulator, and a 6-DOF robot served as the slave manipulator. Masterslave mapping is to transform master-side Cartesian velocity of Phantom HIP (Haptic Interface Point) into the slave-side Cartesian velocity of robotic end-effector by a certain ratio. Using Resolved Rate approach (introducing Jacobin matrix) to compute the joint velocities from these Cartesian velocities at the endeffector. During teleoperation, by introducing virtual force and additional motion commands created by haptic virtual fixtures, the surgeons can accurately conduct puncturing procedures. Experiments results fully bear out the superiority of this system than the traditional approaches. The remainder of this paper will be distributed as follows: Section 2 introduces the control strategy. In Virtual Fixture Guidance for Robot Assisted Teleoperation Peng Chi, Dong-wen Zhang
The Generation of User Interest Profiles from Semantic Quiz Games

Personalized web search and recommendation systems aim to provide results that match the users‘ personal interests and lead to a more satisfactory and effective information access. Building user profiles that reflect a large spectrum from continuous (long-term) to specific (shortterm) interests is an essential task when developing personalized web applications. In this paper we present a method to generate user interest profiles without direct user interaction generated out of data sourced from quiz games played by the user. Both utilized games, WhoKnows? and RISQ! , have originally been developed as serious games with the intention to rank facts in knowledge representations as well as to find inconsistencies in a given knowledge base.
On the measurement of trade costs: direct vs. indirect approaches to quantifying standards and technical regulations

Abstract In this article, we review the literature on the measurement of trade costs in international trade with a special emphasis on non-tariff measures and in particular on standards and technical regulations. We distinguish ‘direct’ from ‘indirect’ approaches. The direct approach collects observable data or proxy variables on trade cost components which are then typically used as regressors in a gravity equation of trade. Instead, the indirect approach infers the extent of trade impediments from trade flows. It compares actual trade flows to the trade flows predicted by a hypothetical frictionless benchmark scenario based on a micro-founded trade model, attributing the deviation of actual from predicted trade flows to trade frictions. We argue that economists and policy-makers can gain useful insights from both approaches.
Distinct STAT Structure Promotes Interaction of STAT2 with the p48 Subunit of the Interferon-α-stimulated Transcription Factor ISGF3*

Cells express a variety of STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) transcription factors that are structurally homologous and yet function specifically in response to particular cytokines. The functions of the individual STATs are dependent on distinct protein-protein interactions. STAT1 and STAT2 are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to type I interferons-α/β (IFN-α/β) and subsequently form a multimeric transcription factor designated the IFN-α-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). ISGF3 is a unique STAT complex because it also contains a non-STAT molecule, p48, which is a critical DNA-binding component. We provide evidence that STAT2 specifically interacts with p48 in vivo before and after IFN-α stimulation. The specificity of ISGF3 formation is therefore a result of the distinct nature of the STAT2 molecule. Coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrate p48 association with STAT2 but not STAT1. Hybrid STAT2·STAT1 molecules were used to identify a region of STAT2 which specifically associates with p48. The region of STAT2 interaction spans an amino-terminal region of two predicted coiled coils. The studies demonstrate thein vivo existence of a STAT2·p48 complex and a distinct STAT2·STAT1 complex after IFN-α stimulation. Data suggest that distinct bipartite complexes STAT2·p48 and STAT2·STAT1 translocate to the nucleus and associate on the DNA target site as ISGF3.
Coronavirus Non-Structural Protein 1 Is a Major Pathogenicity Factor: Implications for the Rational Design of Coronavirus Vaccines

Attenuated viral vaccines can be generated by targeting essential pathogenicity factors. We report here the rational design of an attenuated recombinant coronavirus vaccine based on a deletion in the coding sequence of the non-structural protein 1 (nsp1). In cell culture, nsp1 of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), like its SARS-coronavirus homolog, strongly reduced cellular gene expression. The effect of nsp1 on MHV replication in vitro and in vivo was analyzed using a recombinant MHV encoding a deletion in the nsp1-coding sequence. The recombinant MHV nsp1 mutant grew normally in tissue culture, but was severely attenuated in vivo. Replication and spread of the nsp1 mutant virus was restored almost to wild-type levels in type I interferon (IFN) receptor-deficient mice, indicating that nsp1 interferes efficiently with the type I IFN system. Importantly, replication of nsp1 mutant virus in professional antigen-presenting cells such as conventional dendritic cells and macrophages, and induction of type I IFN in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, was not impaired. Furthermore, even low doses of nsp1 mutant MHV elicited potent cytotoxic T cell responses and protected mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenge. Taken together, the presented attenuation strategy provides a paradigm for the development of highly efficient coronavirus vaccines.
Feeding problems reported by parents of young children with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy and their associations with children’s glycemic control

Objective: Previous research demonstrated high rates of perceived mealtime behavior problems in families of young children with type 1 diabetes who were managed with conventional therapy. Because of new insulin regimens that offer greater flexibility, reexamination of mealtime behaviors is required. We assessed parent‐reported mealtime behaviors in a sample of young children using an insulin pump. An additional aim was to evaluate the associations of two measures of parental feeding behavior with children’s glycemic control.
Robustness and Efficiency : A Study of the Relationship and an Algorithm for the Bicriteria Discrete Optimization Problem

We study various definitions of robustness in a discrete scenario discrete optimization setting. We show that a generalized definition of robustness into which scenario weights are introduced can be used to identify the efficient solutions of multiple objective discrete optimization problems. We show that the solution of a pair of optimization problems, with the first of them being a robust optimization one, is always an efficient solution. Moreover, any efficient solution can be obtained as an optimal solution to a pair of such problems. Based on this fact and some other results pertaining to the characteristics of the weights associated with efficient solutions, we propose an algorithm that relies on a parametric search to identify all of the efficient solutions of a bicriteria discrete optimization problem. We also propose a modification of the algorithm that generates a sample of efficient solutions within the coverage error specified by the Decision Maker. Our computational results show that the algorithm might become computationally demanding for large problems when all of the efficient solutions are sought. However, its performance for generating samples with prespecified quality restrictions is promising and can easily be applied to large problems as well.
Information Transmitting Efficiency in China Gold Spot Market: A Random Walk Test with Wild and Bootstrap Variance Ratio Method

China provides an excellent empirical case study on the information transmitting efficiency in the capital market. Our paper extend the existing investigation based on much more new data and test the efficiency of information transmitting with Individual, Sub-sampling and Wild bootstrap Variance Ratio method. The empirical results show that gold prices reflect all the past information efficiently and no one can get abnormal return continuously. The China gold spot price followed Random Walk and the gold spot market is a weak-form efficiency market.
Malignant hyperthermia in a horse anesthetized with halothane.

Ahealthy, 565-kg, 14-year-old Quarter Horse gelding, negative for equine protozoal myelitis on serum Western blot and for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) by polymerase chain reaction, was selected for use in an electrophysiology study performed under inhalation anesthesia. The study was performed by following the guidelines of an Animal Use and Care Committee Protocol of the University of California at Davis (UCD 8578). Anesthesia was induced with halothane delivered via a face-mask. The horse was intubated 17 minutes later with an orotracheal tube and anesthesia was maintained with halo-thane by using a semiclosed, large-animal breathing circuit. Although muscle relaxation was otherwise good, the horse's ears remained tensed in a caudal direction throughout the study
NEWBORN PENILE GLANS AMPUTATION DURING CIRCUMCISION AND SUCCESSFUL REATTACHMENT

Circumcision, the most common operation in male patients in the United States, is performed by a variety of health care professionals. Although not technically difficult, it results in a large number of reported and unreported complications annually. We report the successful reattachment of a distal penile glans, which was amputated when the Sheldon clamp was used for newborn circumcision. The literature is reviewed, and prevention and treatment of this type of circumcision injury are described.
Principles of precision medicine in stroke

The era of precision medicine has arrived and conveys tremendous potential, particularly for stroke neurology. The diagnosis of stroke, its underlying aetiology, theranostic strategies, recurrence risk and path to recovery are populated by a series of highly individualised questions. Moreover, the phenotypic complexity of a clinical diagnosis of stroke makes a simple genetic risk assessment only partially informative on an individual basis. The guiding principles of precision medicine in stroke underscore the need to identify, value, organise and analyse the multitude of variables obtained from each individual to generate a precise approach to optimise cerebrovascular health. Existing data may be leveraged with novel technologies, informatics and practical clinical paradigms to apply these principles in stroke and realise the promise of precision medicine. Importantly, precision medicine in stroke will only be realised once efforts to collect, value and synthesise the wealth of data collected in clinical trials and routine care starts. Stroke theranostics, the ultimate vision of synchronising tailored therapeutic strategies based on specific diagnostic data, demand cerebrovascular expertise on big data approaches to clinically relevant paradigms. This review considers such challenges and delineates the principles on a roadmap for rational application of precision medicine to stroke and cerebrovascular health.
A Novel Power Delivery Method for Asynchronous Loads in Energy Harvesting Systems

DC/DC conversion has been an integral part of the power delivery chain in energy harvesting systems because the conventionally targeted synchronous computation load demands stable Vdd, which cannot in general be supplied by power harvesters directly. However, asynchronous computation loads, in addition to their potential power-saving capabilities, can be made tolerant to a much wider range of Vdd variance. This may open up opportunities for much more energy efficient methods of power delivery to be adopted. This paper presents in-depth investigations into the behavior and performance of different power delivery methods driving both asynchronous and synchronous load for the first time. A novel power delivery method, which employs a capacitor bank for adaptively storing the energy from power harvesters depending on load and source conditions, is developed. Its advantages, especially when driving asynchronous loads, are demonstrated through comprehensive comparative analysis.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in active droplets provides a generic route to motility

We explore a generic mechanism whereby a droplet of active matter acquires motility by the spontaneous breakdown of a discrete symmetry. The model we study offers a simple representation of a “cell extract” comprising, e.g., a droplet of actomyosin solution. (Such extracts are used experimentally to model the cytoskeleton). Actomyosin is an active gel whose polarity describes the mean sense of alignment of actin fibres. In the absence of polymerization and depolymerization processes (‘treadmilling’), the gel’s dynamics arises solely from the contractile motion of myosin motors; this should be unchanged when polarity is inverted. Our results suggest that motility can arise in the absence of treadmilling, by spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of polarity inversion symmetry. Adapting our model to wall-bound cells in two dimensions, we find that as wall friction is reduced, treadmilling-induced motility falls but SSB-mediated motility rises. The latter might therefore be crucial in three dimensions where frictional forces are likely to be modest. At a supracellular level, the same generic mechanism can impart motility to aggregates of nonmotile but active bacteria; we show that SSB in this (extensile) case leads generically to rotational as well as translational motion.
Evaluation of Anti-Wear Properties of Metalworking Fluids Enhanced with Halloysite Nanotubes

The study of nanoparticles as additives for metalworking fluids (MWFs) with applications in the metal removal processes, or machining, has received increasing attention due to the possible enhancements on tribological properties. In this study, low-cost and environmentally friendly nanoparticle additives of halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) were dispersed in metalworking fluids utilized for milling processes. Concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 wt. % were incorporated into a mineral oil (MO) and a semi-synthetic fluid (SF) by ultrasonication. The anti-wear properties of metalworking nanofluids were characterized with a T-05 block-on-ring tribotester at a contact pressure of 0.5 GPa. Surface roughness of worn block materials was obtained with an optical 3D surface measurement system. Results showed that at a concentration of 0.10 wt. % HNTs block mass loss was lowered by 24% for the MO + HNTs nanofluids. For the SF + HNTs, a reduction of 63% and 32% in wear mass loss and coefficient of friction (COF), respectively, were found at the same concentration. The tribological enhancing mechanism for the applied contact pressure was proposed to be due to a reduction of the area of contact and nanoparticle sliding between surfaces with no HNT deposition, evidenced by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Furthermore, surface roughness studies of worn blocks showed smoother surfaces with lower groove density with the addition of nanoparticle additives. The results of this study demonstrate that HNTs can improve the lubricity of metalworking cutting fluids used for machining processes, enhancing tool life and providing better surface finish of products.
Differential susceptibility to long-term effects of quality of child care on externalizing behavior in adolescence?

Much research on the quality of child care reveals it —in the case of low-quality child care—to be related to poorer child functioning, net of confounding factors, perhaps especially in the case of cognitive-linguistic performance. Recent work using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (USA) makes clear that when children’s early negative emotionality/difficult temperament is taken into account, it also predicts externalizing problems reported by teachers through the primary school years. More negatively emotional infants are more affected—for better and for worse—by child care quality than less difficult ones, such that the latter appear unaffected by it but the former benefit from good quality care and are adversely affected by poor quality care. Here we determine whether the same is true when children are restudied in adolescence and the focus is their own reports of externalizing problems, impulsivity and risk taking. Results prove more consistent with a diathesis-stress model of environmental action than a differential-susceptibility-related one, in that 15-year-olds who were highly negative as infants report more externalizing behavior (but not risk taking or impulsivity) if they experienced low-quality child care, but not fewer problems if they experienced high-quality care relative to their counterparts with less difficult temperaments in infancy. Results are discussed in relation to physiological stress, with possible explanations offered as to why the predictive nature of child care experience might change over time.
The Effects of Antiarrhythmic Drugs, Stimulation Frequency, and Potassium‐Induced Resting Membrane: Potential Changes on Conduction Velocity and dV/dtmax in Guinea Pig Myocardium

For one-dimensional propagation, a nonlinear relationship between Vmax and conduction velocity is predicted by cable theory, and, under experimental conditions, Vmax and conduction velocity may change in opposite directions. Using standard microelectrode techniques, we have measured Vmax and conduction velocity in guinea pig papillary muscles exposed to tetrodotoxin and low sodium (agents expected primarily to decrease, directly, the rapid inward current), increased extracellular potassium (an agent which decreases the rapid inward current at least partially by inactivation mediated by depolarization of the resting membrane potential), and, over a wide range of stimulation frequencies, the antiarrhythmic drugs, quinidine, lidocaine, and procainamide. In all cases, except for the region of potassium-induced “supernormal conduction” between 5.4 and 9 mM, Vmax and conduction velocity varied as predicted by one-dimensional cable theory; that is, changes in Vmax were always proportional to changes in the square of conduction velocity. We conclude that the relationship between Vmax and conduction velocity predicted by cable theory occurs experimentally in guinea pig papillary muscle subjected to commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs and other interventions expected to reduce the sodium inward current. This relationship may be useful in applying known effects of drugs on Vmax to action potential propagation.
Ambient Notifications with Shape Changing Circuits in Peripheral Locations

Calm technologies help us avoid distraction by embedding notifications in our surroundings with peripheral updates. However, users also lose out on the passive awareness that comes from more overt notifications. In our paper, we present an initial study setup on shape changing circuits as notifications. We compare near and far peripheral locations to determine the optimal location for these notifications by assigning a primary task of arithmetic questions, and a secondary task of responding to bend notifications. Our demonstration will show the set-up of our study to encourage discussion on possible applications of shape changing notifications in peripheral locations.
Fostering Engagement in Asynchronous Learning through Collaborative Multimedia Annotation

This paper presents an experimental test of a prototype system for asynchronous distance learning. The prototype allows viewers of audio and video to create and share text annotations that are synchronized with the multimedia. We extended the system to support group exercises and conducted an experimental study with three conditions: groups working asynchronously; groups working face-to-face; and individuals working alone. The results suggest that the use of group exercises can promote engagement and system use, and also suggest possible further improvements to the annotation system.
ULTRAFAST SPIN DYNAMICS IN NICKEL

The spin dynamics in Ni is studied by an exact diagonalization method on the ultrafast time scale. It is shown that the femtosecond relaxation of the magneto-optical response results from exchange interaction and spin-orbit coupling. Each of the two mechanisms affects the relaxation process differently. We find that the intrinsic spin dynamics occurs during about 10 fs while extrinsic effects such as laser-pulse duration and spectral width can slow down the observed dynamics considerably. Thus, our theory indicates that there is still room to accelerate the spin dynamics in experiments.