Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding networks in low-and middle-income countries’ health systems: A scoping review

Networks are an often-employed approach to improve problems of poor service delivery and quality of care in sub-optimally functioning health systems. There are many types of health system networks reported in the literature and despite differences, there are identifiable common characteristics, uses, purposes, and stakeholders. This scoping review systematically searched the literature on networks in health systems to map the different types of networks to develop an understanding of what they are, when and what they are used for, and the purposes they intend to achieve. Peer-reviewed literature was systematically searched from six databases (Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), the Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, Global Index Medicus’s Africa Index Medicus) and grey literature was purposively searched. Data from the selected literature on network definitions, characteristics, stakeholders, uses, and purposes were charted. Drawing on existing frameworks and refining with the selected literature, a five-component framework (form and structure, governance and leadership, mode of functioning, resources, and communication), broadly characterizing a network, is proposed. The framework and mapping of uses, purposes, and stakeholders is a first step towards further understanding what networks are, when and what they are used for, and the purposes they intend to achieve in health systems.
Narrow-linewidth distributed feedback lasers with laterally coupled ridge-waveguide surface gratings fabricated using nanoimprint lithography

The conventional distributed feedback (DFB) edge-emitting lasers with buried gratings require two or more epitaxial growth steps. To avoid the problematic overgrowth we have used laterally-corrugated ridge-waveguide surface gratings, which also enable easy integration of the resulting laterally-coupled DFB (LC-DFB) lasers with other devices and are applicable to different materials, including Al-containing ones. The paper presents the modeling and design particularities of LC-DFB lasers, the fabrication process, involving a highly productive and cost-effective UVnanoimprint lithography technique, and the characteristics obtained for the LC-DFB lasers fabricated from GaAs-, GaSband InP-based epiwafers. The first batches of GaAs-based LC-DFB lasers, emitting at 894 nm, GaSb-based LC-DFB lasers emitting at 1.946 μm and InP-based LC-DFB lasers, emitting at 1.55 μm had relatively low threshold currents, a high side-mode-suppression-ratio and exhibited linewidths in the range of 1 MHz and below, showing that the LC-DFB lasers are an effective low-cost alternative for the conventional buried-grating DFB lasers.
Turbulence in Cooling Flows

Turbulent models of cooling flows for individual galaxies and for clusters of galaxies have been calculated. Turbulence has been included in the numerical models in the form of viscosity and heat conduction. The effects of the form of the gravitational potential, mass loss from the flow, the mass flux of the flow, and the intercluster gas temperature have been investigated. The formation of predominantly low-mass stars has been found to arise naturally from a study of the turbulent cascade. A model for the cooling flow centered on M87 has been calculated, and it has been found to fit the observational X-ray surface brightness data well. In addition, the turbulent model predicts the formation of star clusters around M87 with masses ranging from those of globular clusters to those of dwarf galaxies
Quantised Hall effect in a two-dimensional periodic potential

The quantised Hall conductance alpha xy in strong magnetic fields due to electrons in a periodic two-dimensional potential has been studied using the linear response theory. This study reveals the connection of quantised values of alpha xy with the parameters of electron energy spectrum. The effect of the magnetic field strength and of the number of electrons has also been established.
Texture‐etched ZnO as a versatile base for optical back reflectors with well‐designed surface morphologies for application in thin film solar cells

ZnO layers with a wide range of surface morphologies were studied for applications in thin film silicon solar cells. The texture of ZnO layers, achieved by chemical etching, was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and statistically analyzed in terms of the roughness, the crater depth, the crater diameter, and the crater opening angle. We present a method to independently tune the lateral and vertical dimensions of the etched crater structures by combined variations of ZnO layer thickness and etching time. The optical scattering properties of the textured ZnO layers are investigated. The effects of these morphologies on the performance of the solar cells, prepared in both p–i–n and n–i–p configurations are analyzed. For the latter cell type the roughness is introduced at the back side, thus the cell does not sense ZnO absorption and conductivity of the different morphologies. The link between the morphology, the optical properties of ZnO layers, and the solar cell performance is discussed.
Two-dimensional optical splitters with polymer optical fibre arrays

A novel approach for optical beam distribution into two-dimensional (2D) fibre arrays using 2D Dammann gratings is investigated. We report for the first time experimental results of a 2D optical power distribution into 2 × 2 polymer optical fibre arrays using a Dammann grating. This paper focuses on the design and fabrication of the diffractive optical element (DOE) along with investigating the coupling performance of the system. This grating may be applicable to a fibre to the home (FTTH) network as it can support sufficient channels with good output uniformity together with low polarization-dependent loss (PDL). Using an appropriate optimization algorithm, the optimum profile for the Dammann gratings can be calculated. The gratings are then fabricated on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass using electron-beam lithography. This method shows that it can achieve low PDL and good uniformity together with acceptable insertion loss.
Prediction of Tinnitus Treatment Outcomes Based on EEG Sensors and TFI Score Using Deep Learning

Tinnitus is a hearing disorder that is characterized by the perception of sounds in the absence of an external source. Currently, there is no pharmaceutical cure for tinnitus, however, multiple therapies and interventions have been developed that improve or control associated distress and anxiety. We propose a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm as a digital prognostic health system that models electroencephalographic (EEG) data in order to predict patients’ responses to tinnitus therapies. The EEG data was collected from patients prior to treatment and 3-months following a sound-based therapy. Feature selection techniques were utilised to identify predictive EEG variables with the best accuracy. The patients’ EEG features from both the frequency and functional connectivity domains were entered as inputs that carry knowledge extracted from EEG into AI algorithms for training and predicting therapy outcomes. The AI models differentiated the patients’ outcomes into either therapy responder or non-responder, as defined by their Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) scores, with accuracies ranging from 98%–100%. Our findings demonstrate the potential use of AI, including deep learning, for predicting therapy outcomes in tinnitus. The research suggests an optimal configuration of the EEG sensors that are involved in measuring brain functional changes in response to tinnitus treatments. It identified which EEG electrodes are the most informative sensors and how the EEG frequency and functional connectivity can better classify patients into the responder and non-responder groups. This has potential for real-time monitoring of patient therapy outcomes at home.
Study on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Obtained Sonochemically for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Food

Aflatoxins (AFs) are fungi secondary metabolites produced by the Aspergillus family. These compounds can enter the food chain through food contamination, representing a risk to human health. Commercial immunoaffinity columns are widely used for the extraction and cleanup of AFs from food samples; however, their high cost and large solvent consumption create a need for alternative strategies. In this work, an alternative strategy for producing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was proposed to extract aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 from complex food samples, using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The MIPs were synthesized via a low-cost and rapid (5 min) sonochemical free-radical polymerization, using 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid as a dummy template. MIPs-based solid phase extraction performance was tested on 17 dietary supplements (vegetables, fruits, and cereals), obtaining appreciable recovery rates (65–90%) and good reproducibility (RSD ≤ 6%, n = 3); the selectivity towards other mycotoxins was proved and the data obtained compared with commercial immunoaffinity columns. The proposed strategy can be considered an alternative affordable approach to the classical immunoaffinity columns, since it is more selective and better performing.
Compact high-speed snapshot multispectral imagers in the VIS/NIR (460 to 960 nm) and SWIR range (1.1 to 1.65 nm) and its potential in a diverse range of applications

This paper presents the latest advances on Imec snapshot multispectral imagers based on either 3x3, 4x4 and 5x5 mosaic filter patterning on industry ready VIS/NIR and SWIR detectors. The mosaic patterns are implemented by means of high-transmission Fabry-Pérot interferometers processed using thin-film technology. Our snapshot multispectral imagers offer a spatial resolution of 640x480 pixels (SWIR) and 2048x1088 (VIS/NIR) down sampled according to the mosaic pattern to acquire data in nine (3x3), 16 (4x4) of 25 (5x5) spectral bands respectively. To achieve imaging at the native spatial resolution of the sensor, super resolution methods are available post-acquisition. Moreover, our compact USB-3 cameras of 260 gr (SWIR) and 27 gr (VNIR), without lens, reach an acquisition speed of up to 120 multispectral cubes/second and are therefore suitable for dynamic applications, high-speed inspection such as a conveyor belt or UAV inspection. The potential for snapshot cameras in a wide range of applications is showcased in this paper. We first show how applications on industrial quality inspection (chocolate gloss estimation) and precision agriculture (plant disease detection) achieve good discrimination potential in the VNIR range. Specifically, UAV inspection benefits from our compact camera size, low weight, and video capabilities. We then demonstrate the potential for plastic and textile recycling in the SWIR range and the benefit brought by both VNIR and SWIR ranges for people tracking under low visibility conditions. Finally, an application involving the joint use of a microscope and a multispectral camera system is presented for particle contamination exposure assessment. The suitable range is in this case application dependent.
The Effect of a Moving Bait on the Behaviour of Captive Cheetahs (Acinonyx Jubatus)

Members of the cat family are highly motivated to hunt, but in captivity are unable to do so for a variety of reasons. This inability to hunt may reduce their welfare. In this study we used a moving bait to stimulate and release hunting motivation in two captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). Essentially our enrichment device consisted of a dead rabbit, hung from a pulley, just above the ground, moving down a 34 metre length of wire by the force of gravity. We observed the cheetahs for 140 minutes per day over three sequential food presentation periods: Baseline (10 consecutive days), Device (10 consecutive days) and Post-device (5 consecutive days). The moving bait significantly increased the frequency of sprinting (hunting) and time spent performing observations. It significantly decreased time spent in affiliation and feeding. These effects were also observed at times other than when the moving bait was presented. Thus, a moving bait allows captive cheetahs to perform ‘natural-looking’ hunting in captivity.
Marina Observation of Sea Turtles: Establishing a Database of Intracoastal Waterway Green Sea Turtles in Northeast Florida

Simple Summary Green sea turtles are currently listed as an endangered species. Therefore, any information on unstudied populations could provide valuable insight into the status of the species. Within the intracoastal waterway in northern Florida, juvenile green sea turtles are consistently seen eating the large leafy algae growing on the local marinas. The goal of this project was to use photographic records of each green sea turtle to determine whether individuals could be identified at two of these local marinas. Unique individuals were successfully identified, which allowed us to keep records of how often and where we saw certain turtles. To date, we have identified 195 turtles over an 18-month study period. The largest numbers were documented in warmer summer months, and the numbers decreased in colder winter months. Individual turtles were seen anywhere from once to 26 different encounters, with the longest duration between the first and last sighting of 569 days. This information can help bolster support for enacting local regulations to help conserve juvenile green sea turtles. Abstract As conservation efforts regarding green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, continue, it is imperative to document behaviors and foraging habits/habitats of understudied populations. We have conducted an 18-month study dedicated to photographing the local population feeding alongside floating docks within the Guana Tolomato Matanzas estuary to determine the capability of matching head scale patterns efficiently through a pattern matching program: HotSpotter. To date, 195 unique sea turtles have been identified between two different marinas located in St. Augustine, FL. Of these, 98 were spotted more than once, with 39 of them being “tracked” for longer than a year. Temperature trends were also monitored in conjunction, showing that more individuals appeared during the warmer months of the year. The evidence, overall, indicates that these locations host a resident population of green sea turtles, leading to the need for a discussion on potential threats originating from the usage of these marinas by humans.
Clinical application of circulating cell-free lymphoma DNA for fast and precise diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma: Precision medicine for sub-Saharan Africa

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has a cure rate of around 95% when treated with chemo-immunotherapy that is standard of care in high-income countries (Minard-Colin et al., 2020, New England Journal of Medicine 382, 2207-2219), but currently, more than 50% of children and young adults with endemic BL (Epstein Barr virus driven BL) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) do not survive. Treatment for BL is largely free of charge, but there is limited access to reliable diagnostic services leading to significant delays and misdiagnoses. Innovations in histopathology such as whole slide imaging and the use of novel diagnostic approaches, in particular using circulating cell-free viral and/or lymphoma DNA (liquid biopsy), could increase access to timely and reliable diagnosis and improve outcomes in SSA.
Cross-School Collaboration to Develop and Implement Self-Construction Greening Systems for Schools

The positive effects of green infrastructure in the urban environment are nowadays widely known and proven by research. Yet, greening, which serves to improve the indoor climate and people’s well-being, is integrated very limited in public facilities such as schools. Reasons for this are seen in a lack of knowledge and financing opportunities. A focus, among others, of the MehrGrüneSchulen research project is the interdisciplinary development of cost-effective greening solutions for schools. The designs were developed in close collaboration with students of a technical college (HTL) and a horticultural school. This study describes the development process and presents the results of the first implementations of greening systems at the HTL-building complex and at nine other schools in Austria.
APPLICATION OF THE OPERATOR H (α, β) TO THE SARAN FUNCTION F E AND SOME OTHER RESULTS

Abstract. The enormous success of the theory of hypergeomet-ric series in a single variable has stimulated the development of acorresponding theory in two and more variables. A wide variety ofinvestigations in the theory of several variable hypergeometric func-tions have been essentially motivated by the fact that solutions ofmany applied problems involving partial di erential equations areobtainable with the help of such hypergeometric functions. Here,in this trend, we aim at presenting further decomposition formulasfor Saran function F E , which are used to give some integral repre-sentations of the function F E . We also present a system of partialdi erential equations for the Saran function F E . 1. Introduction and PreliminariesIn addition to the remarkable success of the theory of hypergeometricseries in a single variable, a great interest in the theory of hypergeomet-ric functions in several variables is stimulated, essentially, by the factthat the solutions of many applied problems involving (for example)partial di erential equations are obtainable with the help of such hyper-geometric functions (see, for details, [26, p. 47]; see also the recent works[8, 10, 11, 12, 20, 21] and the references cited therein). For instance, theenergy absorbed by some no ferromagnetic conductor sphere included inan internal magnetic eld can be calculated with the aid of such func-tions [16, 19]. Hypergeometric functions of several variables are alsoused in physical and quantum chemical applications (see [18, 24, 25]).
Family of transformed chi-square distributions

A special class of the exponential family of distributions named the family of Transformed Chi-square distributions is defined. Explicit expressions for the minimum variance unbiased estimator with minimum variance of a function of the parameter of this family are given. The critical region and the power function for various tests of hypotheses for the parameter of this family are also obtained.
Bayesian closely spaced object resolution technique

A technique is described for recovering positional and radiometric information on unresolved objects that are so closely spaced that their individual blur functions overlap. Emphasis is on point sources. A Bayesian method has been formulated and applied with real data to resolving `clumps' of stars. The method is able to provide error bars in the individual pulse positions and amplitudes from a single data set rather than from the deviations observed after measuring many independent sets of data. The Bayesian technique is advantageous for estimating the number of discrete objects in a given clump using the rules of probability theory without the need for contrived penalty factors. By the way it formulates the model, the Bayesian approach naturally includes a factor which reflects the reduction in the number of degrees of freedom for a model with a greater number of sources. As a result, the algorithm is able to compute the highest probability for the model with the correct number of sources in the clump even though a model with more sources has smaller residuals. The technique is applied to real visible CCD data of observations of star clusters NGC 6819 and is shown to be internally consistent in counting.
Maternal Immune Response to ZIKV Triggers High-Inflammatory Profile in Congenital Zika Syndrome

The immunological mechanisms involved in the development of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) have yet to be fully clarified. This study aims to assess the immuno-inflammatory profile of mothers and their children who have been diagnosed with CZS. Blood samples, which were confirmed clinically using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), were collected from children with CZS and their mothers (CZS+ group). Samples were also collected from children who did not develop CZS and had a negative PRNT result and from their mothers (CZS- group). The data demonstrated a correlation between the leukocyte profile of CZS+ children and their mothers, more evident in monocytes. Monocytes from mothers of CZS+ children showed low expression of HLA and elevated hydrogen peroxide production. CZS+ children presented standard HLA expression and a higher hydrogen peroxide concentration than CZS- children. Monocyte superoxide dismutase activity remained functional. Moreover, when assessing the monocyte polarization, it was observed that there was no difference in nitrite concentrations; however, there was a decrease in arginase activity in CZS+ children. These data suggest that ZIKV infection induces a maternal immuno-inflammatory background related to the child’s inflammatory response after birth, possibly affecting the development and progression of congenital Zika syndrome.
Fully Nonparametric Hypotheses for Factorial Designs I: Multivariate Repeated Measures Designs

Abstract We introduce nonparametric versions for many of the hypotheses tested in analysis of variance and repeated measures models, such as the hypotheses of no main effects, no interaction effects, and no factor effects. These natural extensions of the nonparametric hypothesis of equality of the k distributions in the k sample problem have appealing practical interpretations. We concentrate on multivariate repeated measures designs and obtain simple rank statistics for testing these hypotheses. These statistics are the rank transform (RT) versions of the classical statistics for testing hypotheses in repeated measures designs. We emphasize that even though recent research has demonstrated the inappropriateness of the RT method for many parametric hypotheses, the RT procedure is always valid for testing our nonparametric hypotheses. We show that the rank statistics converge in distribution to central chi-squared distributions under their respective nonparametric null hypotheses. The noncentrality paramet.
Reversible photo-darkening and resonant photo-bleaching of Ytterbium-doped silica fiber at in-core 977-nm and 543-nm irradiation

We report experimental results showing novel features in photo-darkening and photo-bleaching of a heavily-doped Ytterbium silica fiber exposed to in-core 977-nm and 543-nm irradiation. It is shown that pumping of the fiber at the resonant 977-nm wavelength leads to an increase of absorption in the spectrally wide range (400–1000 nm, photo-darkening) and a simultaneous decrease of the resonant (Yb3+) absorption coefficient near ∼ 1 μm (resonant photo-bleaching). Such a character of the Ytterbium fiber spectra transformations allows us to propose that they are a signature of the 977-nm light-induced Yb3+ → Yb2+ conversion process, with the spectrally wide absorption, or photo-darkening, to arise owing to the Yb2+ centers formation and the resonant photo-bleaching to stem from the corresponding decrease of Yb3+ ions concentration. It is as well demonstrated that an exposure of the Ytterbium fiber, where the aforementioned transformations have occurred, to the 543-nm light results in a partial return of the initial fiber properties – bleaching of the spectrally wide excess loss in the visible and increasing of the resonant 977-nm (Yb3+) absorption peak. Therefore, we reveal a reverse process, Yb2+ → Yb3+, possibly taking place in the last case.