Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consequences of sexual harassment in sport for female athletes

Abstract Sexual harassment research was first undertaken in the workplace and educational settings. Research on sexual harassment in sport is scarce but has grown steadily since the mid-1980s. Even so, very little is known about the causes and/or characteristics and/or consequences of sexual harassment in sport settings. This article reports on the findings from interviews with 25 elite female athletes in Norway who indicated in a prior survey (n = 572) that they had experienced sexual harassment from someone in sport. The consequences of the incidents of sexual harassment that were reported were mostly negative, but some also reported that their experiences of sexual harassment had had no consequences for them. ‘Thinking about the incidents’, a ‘destroyed relationship with the coach’, and ‘a more negative view of men in general’ were the most often negative consequences mentioned. In addition, a surprising number had chosen to move to a different sport or to drop out of elite sport altogether because of the harassment.
Analysis of the Validity Scales in the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children

Objective: Little empirical attention has been paid to the validity scales of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of cases identified by the validity scales and its analytical impact. Methods: The current study compares regression models using data from two community samples (n = 3,724 and n = 2,245) and two samples of at-risk youth (n = 1,758 and n = 204). Using Chow tests to compare coefficients, we demonstrate the implications of removing cases identified by the TSCC validity scales. Results: The Underresponse (UND) scale identified 8% of the community sample and 20% of the at-risk sample. Chow tests revealed significant group differences based on the UND scale for all TSCC subscales. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the analytical impact of the TSCC validity scales and provides statistical evidence for the removal of invalid cases.
Sex similarity, quality of the employment interview and recruiters' evaluation of actual applicants

Using structural equation modelling, the present study examined the effect of sex similarity on interviewers' evaluations of actual applicants and assessed whether interview quality mediated this effect. It was hypothesized that sex similarity would positively affect interview quality, which, in turn, would affect interview outcomes. Interviewers were expected to view interactions with same-sex applicants as higher in quality than interactions with opposite-sex applicants. As a result, same-sex applicants were expected to receive more favourable outcomes than opposite-sex applicants. Analysis of data from 680 interviews provided partial support for this hypothesis. Sex similarity did not affect male recruiters' perceptions of interview quality or evaluations of applicants. However, as hypothesized, female recruiters reported better interview experiences with female applicants than male applicants and, in turn, evaluated them more favourably. Gender differences in recruiters' communication styles, social identification processes, and reactions to organizational equal opportunity policies are offered as possible explanations for the disparate results for male and female recruiters.
Differential Dynamic Processing of Afferent Signals in Frog Tonic and Phasic Second-Order Vestibular Neurons

The sensory–motor transformation of the large dynamic spectrum of head-motion-related signals occurs in separate vestibulo-ocular pathways. Synaptic responses of tonic and phasic second-order vestibular neurons were recorded in isolated frog brains after stimulation of individual labyrinthine nerve branches with trains of single electrical pulses. The timing of the single pulses was adapted from spike discharge patterns of frog semicircular canal nerve afferents during sinusoidal head rotation. Because each electrical pulse evoked a single spike in afferent fibers, the resulting sequences with sinusoidally modulated intervals and peak frequencies up to 100 Hz allowed studying the processing of presynaptic afferent inputs with in vivo characteristics in second-order vestibular neurons recorded in vitro in an isolated whole brain. Variation of pulse-train parameters showed that the postsynaptic compound response dynamics differ in the two types of frog vestibular neurons. In tonic neurons, subthreshold compound responses and evoked discharge patterns exhibited relatively linear dynamics and were generally aligned with pulse frequency modulation. In contrast, compound responses of phasic neurons were asymmetric with large leads of subthreshold response peaks and evoked spike discharge relative to stimulus waveform. These nonlinearities were caused by the particular intrinsic properties of phasic vestibular neurons and were facilitated by GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory inputs from tonic type vestibular interneurons and by cerebellar circuits. Coadapted intrinsic filter and emerging network properties thus form dynamically different neuronal elements that provide the appropriate cellular basis for a parallel processing of linear, tonic, and nonlinear phasic vestibulo-ocular response components in central vestibular neurons.
The Relationship between General Ability Using the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT) and Stanford Achievement Test (SAT) Reading Achievement

The relationship between ability measured nonverbally and reading achievement was assessed to determine whether there were developmental differences in the correlations between the variables and to determine the size of the coefficient. It was previously suggested that the relationship between reading and intelligence is not a strong one and that the correlations change considerably across the K through 12th-grade interval. The present study involved approximately 22,000 children who were administered a nonverbal measure of ability called the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT) and measures of reading included in the Stanford Achievement Test Ninth Edition (SAT-9). Results demonstrated that the NNAT was strongly correlated with the SAT-9 and that the overall correlation with Total Reading was large (.56). The hypothesis that ability and reading correlations change considerably across grades K-12 was not supported, but the view that intelligence as measured by a nonverbal test and reading are strongly related was supported.
α4β2 Nicotinic Receptors with High and Low Acetylcholine Sensitivity: Pharmacology, Stoichiometry, and Sensitivity to Long-Term Exposure to Nicotine

α4 and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits expressed heterologously assemble into receptors with high (HS) and low (LS) sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh); their relative proportions depend on the α4to β2 ratio. In this study, injection of oocytes with 1:10 α4/β2 subunit cDNA ratios favored expression of HS α4β2 nAChRs, as evidenced by monophasic ACh concentration-response curves, whereas injections with 10:1 cDNA ratios favored expression of LS α4β2 receptors. The stoichiometry was inferred from the shifts in the ACh EC50 values caused by Leu to Thr mutations at position 9′ of the second transmembrane domain of α4 and β2. The 1:10 injection ratio produced the (α4)2(β2)3 stoichiometry, whereas 10:1 injections produced the (α4)3(β2)2 stoichiometry. The agonists epibatidine, 3-[2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380), 5-ethoxy-metanicotine (TC-2559), cytisine, and 3-Br-cytisine and the antagonists dihydro-β-erythroidine and d-tubocurarine were more potent at HS receptors. TC-2559 was more efficacious than ACh at HS receptors but was a partial agonist at LS receptors. Epibatidine was more efficacious than ACh at LS receptors and a partial agonist at HS receptors. Cytisine and 5-halogenated cytisines had moderate efficacy at LS receptors but had almost no efficacy at HS receptors. By exploiting the differential effects of ACh, TC-2559 and 5-I-cytisine we evaluated the effects of long-term exposure to nicotine on HS and LS receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes after cDNA injections or microtransplantation of α4β2 receptors assembled in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. We conclude that nicotine up-regulates HS α4β2 receptors, probably by influencing the assembly of receptors rather than by altering the functional state of LS α4β2 nAChRs.
Complex human activity recognition for monitoring wide outdoor environments

The problem of automatic recognition of human activities is among the most important and challenging open areas of research in computer vision. This work presents a new approach to automatically recognize complex human activities embedded in video sequences acquired with a large scale view in order to monitoring wide area (car parking, archeological site, etc) with a single static camera. The recognition process is performed in two steps: at first the human body posture is estimated frame by frame and then the temporal sequences of the detected postures are statistically modeled. Body postures are estimated starting from the binary shapes associated to humans, selecting as features the horizontal and vertical histograms and supplying them as input to an unsupervised clustering algorithm. The Manhattan distance is used for both clusters building and run-time classification. Statistical modeling of the detected postures is performed by discrete hidden Markov models. The system has been tested on image sequences acquired in an outdoor archaeological site. Four kinds of activities have been automatically classified with high percentage of right decisions.
Invisible marker based augmented reality system

Augmented reality (AR) has recently gained significant attention. The previous AR techniques usually need a fiducial marker with known geometry or objects of which the structure can be easily estimated such as cube. Placing a marker in the workspace of the user can be intrusive. To overcome this limitation, we present an AR system using invisible markers which are created/drawn with an infrared (IR) fluorescent pen. Two cameras are used: an IR camera and a visible camera, which are positioned in each side of a cold mirror so that their optical centers coincide with each other. We track the invisible markers using IR camera and visualize AR in the view of visible camera. Additional algorithms are employed for the system to have a reliable performance in the cluttered background. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the viability of the proposed system. As an application of the proposed system, the invisible marker can act as a Vision-Based Identity and Geometry (VBIG) tag, which can significantly extend the functionality of RFID. The invisible tag is the same as RFID in that it is not perceivable while more powerful in that the tag information can be presented to the user by direct projection using a mobile projector or by visualizing AR on the screen of mobile PDA.
Regional Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Background— Detailed understanding of regional function after myocardial infarction (MI) is currently incomplete. We aimed at investigating regional myocardial strain and work in post-MI rats with and without heart failure. Methods and Results— Six weeks after induction of MI, 62 male Wistar-Hannover rats with a range of infarct sizes, plus 14 sham-operated rats, were examined by cine and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. After magnetic resonance imaging, the rats were catheterized, and left ventricular pressures were recorded. Regional strain and work were calculated from the magnetic resonance imaging and pressure data. On the basis of end-diastolic left ventricular pressure, 34 MI rats were classified as nonfailing (MINF) and 28 MI rats as failing (MICHF). In the region remote to the infarct, the MINF rats exhibited preserved strain and increased work compared with sham, whereas MICHF had reduced longitudinal strain and no increase in work in this region. In the noninfarcted region adjacent to the infarct, MICHF demonstrated substantially reduced work because of high levels of negative work. Conclusions— We have demonstrated a distinct difference in regional work between nonfailing and failing hearts after MI and offer novel insight into the relation between regional function and presence of congestion. Work analysis provided significant added value over strain analysis alone.
CTXφ: Exploring new alternatives in host factor-mediated filamentous phage replications

ABSTRACT For a long time Ff phages from Escherichia coli provided the majority of the knowledge about the rolling circle replication mechanism of filamentous phages. Host factors involved in coliphages replication have been fully identified. Based on these studies, the function of Rep protein as the accessory helicase directly implicated in filamentous phage replication was considered a paradigm. We recently reported that the replication of some filamentous phages from Vibrio cholerae, including the cholera toxin phage CTXφ, depended on the accessory helicase UvrD instead of Rep. We also identified HU protein as one of the host factors involved in CTXφ and VGJφ replication. The requirement of UvrD and HU for rolling circle replication was previously reported in some family of plasmids but had no precedent in filamentous phages. Here, we enrich the discussion of our results and present new preliminary data highlighting remarkable divergence in the lifestyle of filamentous phages.
On the Effectiveness of Group Brainstorming

Recent studies suggest that group brainstorming, in its electronic form, can be an effective method of generating ideas, if the group is sufficiently large. We report here an experiment probing the mechanism underlying this good performance. Because larger groups are more likely than small ones to generate rare ideas, we hypothesized that rare ideas might be especially stimulating to further idea generation, and thus boost the performance of large, interacting groups. Experimental subjects working alone generated ideas while exposed to streams of either rare, common, or no stimulus ideas. No support for the hypothesized stimulating effect of rare ideas was found. We suggest several alternative mechanisms worth exploring.
The Effect of Vojta therapy on Gross Motor Function Measure and Selective Voluntary Motor Control in Children with Spastic diplegia

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Vojta therapy on Gross Motor Function Measurement(GMFM) and Selective Voluntary Motor Control (SVMC) in children with Spastic diplegia. Methods : During this experiment, the subject of four children diagnosed with spastic diplegia was tested using ABA design for Single-subject Experimental Research Design. The procedure consisted of baseline, intervention and follow-up phase which was held thirty minutes each for three times a week for a total of 24 times. Gross motor function was measured using GMFM and selective voluntary motor control was measured using SCALE. Results : According to this study, the gross motor function and selective voluntary motor control of all subjects were improved from their intervention phase to their baseline phase. During the follow phase which the intervention was removed, the ability that was enhanced during the prior phases was still either maintained or only reduced slightly. Conclusion : The Vojta therapy used on children diagnosed with spastic diplegia was effective on both GMFM and SVMC. In other words, the therapy was effective on coordination. However, this study is difficult to be generalized due to the insufficient number of subject. In further studies, it will be necessary to increase the number of trials with a control group in order to generalize the effectiveness of Vojta therapy.
Composite Folding and Optimization in Domain Specific Translation

Combinatorial increases in programming productivity are possible by the introduction of high level ope rators and operands for composite data structures such as arrays, matrices, trees, record composites, etc. Su ch operators and operands can be composed to generate an infinite variety of virtual reusable components. However, the performance of the code resulting from such compositions is often inadequate because of the cod e fragmentation and delocalization engendered by the building blocks. Attempts to automatically reorgani ze this code to optimize performance using conventional optimization strategies are usually computationally impractical because of the large search spaces engendered. Anticipatory Optimization (AO) is a method for compiling such compositions directly to optimiz ed code without large search spaces and indeed, withou t any search space at all. The keys to AO are 1) distribu ted optimization plans expressed via code annotations a nd 2) transformation-based optimization planning that concurrently reasons over the domain information, t he
Evaluating live virtual machine migration overhead on client's application perspective

A key feature on virtualization technology is live migration. Through live migration, it is possible to exchange virtual server hosts between physical machines without stopping its services and with low downtime during migration. However, virtualization also has some drawbacks, for instance, the overhead generated from the virtualization layer. Many research evaluated overhead effect in different scenarios, but few investigated overheads in the migration process, on client's side. Our research evaluated live migration process overhead, on real and virtual environments, noticed from the client side regarding two different services: web server and database. YCSB and ab Benchmark were adopted as workloads for those services. In the findings, based on our experimental setting, we could observe that almost all tests on real environment overcame those on virtual, with both benchmarks. The impact of the live migration in the services was evident, proving to be more effective in real machines than on virtual machines. We found the DB service accommodated better to the virtual environment and to migration then Web service.
Comprehensive Schooling and Interprofessional Collaboration: Theory, Research, and Practice

Closing the growing academic achievement gap is an enormous challenge confronting all professionals who work with children. Educators and policymakers have offered a plethora of recommendations on how to address the increasing disparity in educational outcomes between children from wealthy communities and those from poor communities. Darling-Hammond (2000) believes that as much as half of the achievement gap between students of lower and higher socioeconomic status can be reduced by improving classroom instruction. Indeed, over the past decade, significant progress has been made in our nation’s public schools as a result of explicit national learning standards and improved instructional practices. Across the country, mean scores on highstakes tests have risen in most communities (Haney, 2000; Koretz & Barron, 1998). But in spite of our best efforts to improve educational outcomes through better instruction, a very substantial achievement gap remains and reminds us that we still have a long way to go to meet the promise of educational excellence. Improved instructional practices are obviously necessary, but not sufficient, to close this gap. If improvements in instruction can address one half the achievement gap, what will address the other half? According to educators and policymakers, the answer to this question lies in recognizing the substantial nonacademic challenges to achievement and development faced by many of our nation’s students. In 1995, Jane Stallings, then president of the American Educational Research Association, pointed out that for educational reform to have a lasting effect, educational leaders need to incorporate “all the playing pieces,” that is, the systems
Vaccine and Therapeutic Options To Control Chikungunya Virus

SUMMARY Beginning in 2004, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) went from an endemic pathogen limited to Africa and Asia that caused periodic outbreaks to a global pathogen. Given that outbreaks caused by CHIKV have continued and expanded, serious consideration must be given to identifying potential options for vaccines and therapeutics. Currently, there are no licensed products in this realm, and control relies completely on the use of personal protective measures and integrated vector control, which are only minimally effective. Therefore, it is prudent to urgently examine further possibilities for control. Vaccines have been shown to be highly effective against vector-borne diseases. However, as CHIKV is known to rapidly spread and generate high attack rates, therapeutics would also be highly valuable. Several candidates are currently being developed; this review describes the multiple options under consideration for future development and assesses their relative advantages and disadvantages.
Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in critically ill patients

Critically ill patients are on the increase in the present clinical setting. Aging of our population and increasingly aggressive medical and therapeutic interventions, including implanted foreign bodies, organ transplantation and advances in the chemotherapy of malignant diseases, have created a cohort of particularly vulnerable patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading Gram-negative organisms associated with nosocomial infections. This organism is frequently feared because it causes severe hospital-acquired infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts, and is often antibiotic resistant, complicating the choice of therapy. The epidemiology, microbiology, mechanisms of resistance and currently available and future treatment options for the most relevant infections caused by P. aeruginosa are reviewed.
Loss of intercellular adhesion activates a transition from low‐ to high‐grade human squamous cell carcinoma

The relationship between loss of intercellular adhesion and the biologic properties of human squamous cell carcinoma is not well understood. We investigated how abrogation of E‐cadherin‐mediated adhesion influenced the behavior and phenotype of squamous cell carcinoma in 3D human tissues. Cell‐cell adhesion was disrupted in early‐stage epithelial tumor cells (HaCaT‐II‐4) through expression of a dominant‐negative form of E‐cadherin (H‐2Kd‐Ecad). Three‐dimensional human tissue constructs harboring either H‐2Kd‐Ecad‐expressing or control II‐4 cells (pBabe, H‐2Kd‐EcadΔC25) were cultured at an air‐liquid interface for 8 days and transplanted to nude mice; tumor phenotype was analyzed 2 days and 2 and 4 weeks later. H‐2Kd‐Ecad‐expressing tumors demonstrated a switch to a high‐grade aggressive tumor phenotype characterized by poorly differentiated tumor cells that infiltrated throughout the stroma. This high‐grade carcinoma revealed elevated cell proliferation in a random pattern, loss of keratin 1 and diffuse deposition of laminin 5 γ2 chain. When II‐4 cell variants were seeded into type I collagen gels as an in vitro assay for cell migration, we found that only E‐cadherin‐deficient cells detached, migrated as single cells and expressed N‐cadherin. Function‐blocking studies demonstrated that this migration was matrix metalloproteinase‐dependent, as GM‐6001 and TIMP‐2, but not TIMP‐1, could block migration. Gene expression profiles revealed that E‐cadherin‐deficient II‐4 cells demonstrated increased expression of proteases and cell‐cell and cell‐matrix proteins. These findings showed that loss of E‐cadherin‐mediated adhesion plays a causal role in the transition from low‐ to high‐grade squamous cell carcinomas and that the absence of E‐cadherin is an important prognostic marker in the progression of this disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.