Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNAs are rarely translated in two human cell lines

Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project show over 9640 human genome loci classified as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), yet only ∼100 have been deeply characterized to determine their role in the cell. To measure the protein-coding output from these RNAs, we jointly analyzed two recent data sets produced in the ENCODE project: tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data mapping expressed peptides to their encoding genomic loci, and RNA-seq data generated by ENCODE in long polyA+ and polyA− fractions in the cell lines K562 and GM12878. We used the machine-learning algorithm RuleFit3 to regress the peptide data against RNA expression data. The most important covariate for predicting translation was, surprisingly, the Cytosol polyA− fraction in both cell lines. LncRNAs are ∼13-fold less likely to produce detectable peptides than similar mRNAs, indicating that ∼92% of GENCODE v7 lncRNAs are not translated in these two ENCODE cell lines. Intersecting 9640 lncRNA loci with 79,333 peptides yielded 85 unique peptides matching 69 lncRNAs. Most cases were due to a coding transcript misannotated as lncRNA. Two exceptions were an unprocessed pseudogene and a bona fide lncRNA gene, both with open reading frames (ORFs) compromised by upstream stop codons. All potentially translatable lncRNA ORFs had only a single peptide match, indicating low protein abundance and/or false-positive peptide matches. We conclude that with very few exceptions, ribosomes are able to distinguish coding from noncoding transcripts and, hence, that ectopic translation and cryptic mRNAs are rare in the human lncRNAome.
Exchange rate crises and bilateral trade flows in Latin America

This paper looks at the behavior of trade flows in eight countries in Latin America that experienced an extreme nominal exchange rate depreciation. The composition of trade flows shows a very persistent pattern around these episodes of large exchange rate movements. Both the industry composition of trade and the country composition of trading partners remain stable after the devaluation occurs. The relative importance of export and import industries in the countries' trade flows does not vary substantially, nor does the importance of the different source countries for imports and destination countries for exports. Exports to industrialized countries are especially sensitive to changes in the real exchange rate, while bilateral import flows do not show much reaction to changes in bilateral exchange rates.
NONPARAMETRIC EMPIRICAL BAYES AND COMPOUND DECISION APPROACHES TO ESTIMATION OF A HIGH-DIMENSIONAL VECTOR OF NORMAL MEANS

We consider the classical problem of estimating a vector μ = (μ 1 ,., μ n ) based on independent observations Y i ∼ N(μ i , 1), i = 1,. , n. Suppose μ i , i = 1,. , n are independent realizations from a completely unknown G. We suggest an easily computed estimator μ, such that the ratio of its risk E(μ ― μ) 2 with that of the Bayes procedure approaches 1. A related compound decision result is also obtained. Our asymptotics is of a triangular array; that is, we allow the distribution G to depend on n. Thus, our theoretical asymptotic results are also meaningful in situations where the vector μ is sparse and the proportion of zero coordinates approaches 1. We demonstrate the performance of our estimator in simulations, emphasizing sparse setups. In "moderately-sparse" situations, our procedure performs very well compared to known procedures tailored for sparse setups. It also adapts well to nonsparse situations.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning and the Revolution in Computational Linguistics

For a long period, Computational Linguistics (CL) and Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) have developed almost entirely independently of each other. A brief historical survey shows that the main reason for this state of affairs was the long preoccupation in CL with the general problem of Natural Language Understanding (NLU). As a consequence, much effort was directed to fields such as Machine Translation (MT), which were perceived as incorporating and testing NLU. CALL does not fit this model very well so that it was hardly considered worth pursuing in CL. In the 1990s the realization that products could not live up to expectations, even in the domain of MT, led to a crisis. After this crisis the dominant approach to CL has become much more problem-oriented. From this perspective, many of the earlier differences disadvantaging CALL with respect to MT have now disappeared. Therefore the revolution in CL offers promising perspectives for CALL.
Development of parallel operation of UPS with variable virtual resistance and flexible communication

This paper presents a complete paralleling control method to be used for the parallel inverters connection. The algorithm performs a phase/frequency droop, and presents a new method for the voltage control that operates with or without data communication among the inverters. When communication is operating, a new algorithm is used inserting a variable virtual resistance in the inverter output control, along with active power sharing control, obtaining a low THD value and very good power sharing. Without communication a constant virtual resistance is inserted, increasing the output THD with non-linear load, but still allowing a good active power sharing. The advantage is to obtain a good performance operation with communication, but, in case of communication failure, the system still works providing more reliability. The experimental results are obtained with the parallel connection of two inverters with 8.4 kW and 5.6 kW of nominal output power. The control algorithm allows the correct operation with the communication connection or disconnection, as well with the insertion or removal of the parallel inverters during the system operation.
Saving Europe: Anatomy of a Dream

Is the European crisis over? By no means, according to economist and journalist Carlo Bastasin, In fact, the problems that developed between 2008 and 2011 - described in the first edition of Saving Europe - have grown worse. Instead of coming together, the states, economies, and citizens of the eurozone countries have been moving away from each other. Below the surface, distrust and resentment are eroding the foundation of history's most ambitious political project in shared sovereignty. The fate of the euro hangs like the Sword of Damocles over the global economy. Carlo Bastasin paints a unique, gripping picture of the events, people, and ideas behind the scenes of the European crisis. From the historic roots to the most recent developments. , the author unveils an engrossing chronicle of high drama and individual personalities on the world stage, including presidents, prime ministers and central bankers. Saving Europe is the definitive book about the financial crisis - and the history as well as the future of Europe's economic and political union.
Toothpicking and Periodontal Disease in a Neanderthal Specimen from Cova Foradà Site (Valencia, Spain)

We present a Neanderthal maxilla (CF-1) from Cova Foradà site (Oliva, Valencia, Spain) with periodontal disease and evidence of attempts to alleviate pain with the use of a toothpick. Two interproximal grooves have been found on the distal surfaces of the upper left Pm3 and M1 of CF-1 maxilla. The location, morphology and size of the grooves coincide with other interproximal grooves found on the teeth of other fossil specimens. Heavy dental wear and periodontal disease would have caused the Cova Foradà Neanderthal specimen pain and discomfort, which the individual attempted to mitigate using some kind of dental probe.
The Impact of Inflation on Stock Market Investment Performance: Evidence from Airlines Automobiles Road Transport and Maritime Sectors Stocks of the Nigerian Stock Exchange

This paper investigates the extent to which stocks of Airlines/Automobile/Road transport/Maritime firms listed in Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) are a hedge against the actual inflation in Nigeria over the period 2000? 2011. Actual inflation was computed using the estimates of the consumer price index. The study used real rate of return on equity and regression analysis to find the stocks that provide positive real return and offer inflation-hedging property respectively. The findings revealed that in terms of real return based on shareholders? funds and total return to equity, all the firms were not susceptible to adverse effect of inflation but when based on dividend yield all the firms offered no significant hedge against inflation.
A Video Watermarking Scheme Based on Multi-Algorithm Selection

An algorithm is proposed based on multiple choice of video watermarking scheme, watermark information is embedded in the video file at the video encoding stage. The scheme implements three main functions, including an optional multi-algorithm, embedded in the proportion of adjustable and extract frame number can set. We development a video watermarking system under the program design, experimental results show that the program is robustness and practicality in a higher superiority than the programs of using a single algorithm, the entire video file embedded watermark.
An Empirical Examination of Price Competition in the Turkish Credit Card Market

The high credit card interest rates in Turkey attracted considerable attention in recent years to regulate the Turkish credit card industry. Before any regulation decision taken, there needs to be better conceptualization and analysis of the Turkish credit card market. First, we highlight the most striking aspects of the Turkish credit card market. After exposing the problem, we benefit from the existing theoretical and empirical studies on the structure of competition in the credit card industry. Potential reasons for the lack of competitions are denoted. Having the existing studies in mind, we finally, construct an empirical model to estimate the market structure in the Turkish credit card industry. Newly disseminated data on the Turkish credit card industry is first introduced in this paper. Our empirical results are based on the panel data set of 22 banks from the second quarter of 2001 to the third quarter of 2005. In addition to random and fixed effects regressions, instrumental variable fixed effect regressions are run on this sample. Our results robustly conclude that the credit cards interest rates in Turkey are economically insensitive to the changes in the cost of fund. This result shows lack of strong competition Turkish credit card market.
Prediction of Cancer Class with Majority Voting Genetic Programming Classifier Using Gene Expression Data

In order to get a better understanding of different types of cancers and to find the possible biomarkers for diseases, recently, many researchers are analyzing the gene expression data using various machine learning techniques. However, due to a very small number of training samples compared to the huge number of genes and class imbalance, most of these methods suffer from overfitting. In this paper, we present a majority voting genetic programming classifier (MVGPC) for the classification of microarray data. Instead of a single rule or a single set of rules, we evolve multiple rules with genetic programming (GP) and then apply those rules to test samples to determine their labels with majority voting technique. By performing experiments on four different public cancer data sets, including multiclass data sets, we have found that the test accuracies of MVGPC are better than those of other methods, including AdaBoost with GP. Moreover, some of the more frequently occurring genes in the classification rules are known to be associated with the types of cancers being studied in this paper.
From Low-Level to High-Level: Comparative Study of Music Similarity Measures

Studying the ways to recommend music to a user is a central task within the music information research community. From a content-based point of view, this task can be regarded as obtaining a suitable distance measurement between songs defined on a certain feature space. We propose two such distance measures. First, a low-level measure based on tempo-related aspects, and second, a high-level semantic measure based on regression by support vector machines of different groups of musical dimensions such as genre and culture, moods and instruments, or rhythm and tempo. We evaluate these distance measures against a number of state-of-the-art measures objectively, based on 17 ground truth musical collections, and subjectively, based on 12 listeners’ ratings. Results show that, in spite of being conceptually different, the proposed methods achieve comparable or even higher performance than the considered baseline approaches. Furthermore, they open up the possibility to explore distance metrics that are based on truly semantic notions.
An efficient method for 3D objects retrieval based on fixed number of 2D views approach

In this paper an efficient method for 3D objects indexing and retrieval is presented. It is based on a set of six 2D views extracting using the projection box after a scale and pose normalization of the 3D models using PCA. Afterwards, we binarize each 2D view associated with the 3D object and we extract its external contour that represents its associated 2D shape. The Similarity among the 2D shapes is computed using our early proposed 2D shape descriptor based on multi-scale analysis. The experimental results illustrate the efficiency of our proposed method.
Political Advertising In Kuwait - A Functional Discourse Analysis

iv Introduction . 1 Chapter 1: Literature of Political Advertising: . 3 Why Study Political Advertising? 3 Political Advertising Effects . 4 Agenda-­‐Setting Effect . 6 Effects on Voter Turnout and Engagement . 7 Knowledge from Political Advertising . 7 Content of Political Advertisements . 9 Issues vs. Images . 9 Issues vs. Images Findings Outside the U.S. . 10 Negative Advertising . 11 Negative Advertising and the Third-­‐Person Effect . 13 Negative Advertisement and Involvement . 13 Effects of Negative Ads on the Attacker . 14 Functional Analysis Theory of Political Discourse . 15 Functions of Political Advertisements . 17 Political System in Kuwait: . 19 vii The Media System in Kuwait: . 22 Research Justification . 23 Chapter 2: Interviews . 25 Method . 27 Interviewing . 27 Results . 29 Political Campaigning in Kuwait . 29 Face-­‐to-­‐Face Campaigning . 29 Street Ads and Sign: . 30 Mass Media Old and New . 31 Polls and Research: . 33 Political Advertising . 35 The Role of Political Ads . 35 Campaign Funding . 36 Content of Advertisemen: . 38 Negative Advertisement: . 40 Legal and Cultural Environment . 40 Discussion . 42 The Development of Political Advertisements Practice . 43 Development of Political Ads in Kuwait’s Media System . 43 Content of Political Ads . 44 Chapter 3: Content Analysis . 46 Method . 47 Sampling . 47 Analysis procedures . 49
A self-embedded watermarking scheme based on relationship function of corresponding inter-blocks DCT coefficient

In the realm of Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), how to ensure the authenticity and integrity of an image plays important roles. This paper presents a novel semi-fragile image watermarking scheme for authenticating and recovering image content. The scheme also shows strong robustness on those images' content reserved operations. It can precisely detect and locate malicious operations and tampers, and recover main content of tampered image region. Firstly, it assigns the exclusive precursor block and successor block for every block to be a block circle link, and regards the function mapping result of DCT coefficients of neighboring blocks as watermark, and embeds it into middle-frequency domain of DCT coefficients of successor block to form a watermarked image. Secondly, it verifies the blocks, which have been maliciously operated and tampered, by detecting whether the DCT coefficients of neighboring blocks satisfy the Relationship Function after operations. Thirdly, it uses corresponding Relationship Function of neighboring blocks in the link to estimate DCT direct current coefficients (DC) and low-frequency coefficients of the tampered blocks and recovers their main content. The experimental results show that the scheme is effective and feasible.
Regression Discontinuity Marginal Threshold Treatment Effects

In regression discontinuity models, where the probability of treatment jumps discretely when a running variable crosses a threshold, an average treatment effect can be nonparametrically identified. We show that the derivative of this treatment effect with respect to the threshold is also nonparametrically identified and easily estimated, in both sharp and fuzzy designs. This marginal threshold treatment effect (MTTE) may be used to estimate the impact on treatment effects of small changes in the threshold. We use it to show how raising the age of Medicare eligibility would change the probability of take up of various types of health insurance.
A Reputation Replica Propagation Strategy for Mobile Users in Mobile Distributed Database System

In this paper, it is to focus on two areas, primarily data inconsistency problems faced by the mobile database users when they are trying to accessing or updating the database data while mobility in work, in such environment demand for appropriate strategies arises, to overcome this problem. When users come in contact with other network node, updated data is not reflected or propagated at the other sites or nodes, which is previously updated or changed at previous visited site or at activity center. Secondly, require advance replication architecture and effective network protocol based algorithms follows effective replication strategy that securely supports databases changes activities anytime and anywhere in mobile computing network environment.
The Ties that Bind: Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Governance

Canvassing practices in many countries, this chapter analyses the relationships between Indigenous peoples and environmental governance. It examines the environmental values and practices of Indigenous peoples, primarily in order to assess their implications for the Indigenous stake in environmental governance. It identifies at least six major theories or perspectives concerning Indigenous environmental values and practices. Secondly, the chapter reviews the legal norms and governance tools that structure Indigenous involvement in environmental management, in order to assess their relative value for Indigenous stakeholders and implications for sustainable utilisation of natural resources.
A non-linear theory of vertical resonances in accretion discs

An important and widely neglected aspect of the interaction between an accretion disc and a massive companion with a coplanar orbit is the vertical component of the tidal force. As shown by Lubow, the response of the disc to vertical forcing is resonant at certain radii, at which a localized torque is exerted, and from which a compressive wave (p mode) may be emitted. Although these vertical resonances are weaker than the corresponding Lindblad resonances, the m=2 inner vertical resonance in a binary star is typically located within the tidal truncation radius of a circumstellar disc. In this paper I develop a general theory of vertical resonances, allowing for non-linearity of the response, and dissipation by radiative damping and turbulent viscosity. The problem is reduced to a universal, non-linear ordinary differential equation with two real parameters. Solutions of the complex non-linear Airy equation are presented to illustrate the non-linear saturation of the resonance and the effects of dissipation. It is argued that the m=2 inner vertical resonance is unlikely to truncate the disc in cataclysmic variable stars, but contributes to angular momentum transport and produces a potentially observable non-axisymmetric structure.
Broadband GaN-Based Switch-Mode Core MMICs with 20 W Output Power Operating at UHF

A high power broadband switch-mode core MMIC has been developed for an application in digital switch-mode power amplifiers, e.g., class S, for mobile communications. The three-stage design can be flexibly used at any frequency operating in UHF band up to a maximum digital bit rate of 3 Gbps, equal to a square wave frequency of 1.5 GHz. At 0.9 Gbps a maximum broadband output power of 20.5 W was measured at a drain efficiency of 76% and a power added efficiency of 70%. Controlled by a digital signal with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 3.5 V, a large signal gain of 25.3 dB was achieved.
Proper Motions with Subaru I. Methods and a First Sample in the Subaru Deep Field

We search for stars with proper motions in a set of twenty deep Subaru images, covering about 0.28 square degrees to a depth of i ~ 25, taken over a span of six years. In this paper, we describe in detail our reduction and techniques to identify moving objects. We present a first sample of 99 stars with motions of high significance, and discuss briefly the populations from which they are likely drawn. Based on photometry and motions alone, we expect that 9 of the candidates may be white dwarfs. We also find a group of stars which may be extremely metal-poor subdwarfs in the halo.
Pricing Callable Bonds

In this paper, we value callable bonds. The interest rate process considered follows the Vasicek or the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) models. Our analytical results are reached using the implicit Euler finite difference method. This paper is organized as follows: Section I introduces different interest rate models for fixed income securities. We study the European options in Section II. The finite difference method for solving the partial differentiation equations (PDE) is shown in Section III. The finite difference method applied for pricing callable bonds is investigated in Section IV. Finally, Section V concludes the paper. All the programming is done in MATLAB, and the corresponding code can be found in the Appendix. Index Terms Callable bonds, finite difference, Vasicek, CIR, European option.
Outcome and attributable mortality in critically Ill patients with bacteremia involving methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia carries high mortality rates. The clinical impact of methicillin resistance remains controversial: outcome comparisons between patients with bacteremia involving methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S aureus are difficult to perform because of important differences in severity of illness. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis and 2 independent case-control analyses were performed to determine and compare outcomes and attributable mortality rates of MSSA (n = 38) and MRSA bacteremia (n = 47) in critically ill patients. For the case-control studies, matching (1:2 ratio) was based on the APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II classification: APACHE II score (+/-1 point) and diagnostic category. RESULTS Patients with MRSA bacteremia had more acute renal failure and hemodynamic instability than patients with MSSA bacteremia. They had a longer intensive care unit stay and ventilator dependency. Patients with MRSA bacteremia had a higher 30-day mortality rate (53.2% vs 18.4%) and in-hospital mortality rate (63.8% vs 23.7%) (P<.05). Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated acute renal failure, length of mechanical ventilation, age, and methicillin resistance to be independently associated with mortality (P<.05). The attributable mortality rate for MSSA bacteremia was 1.3%: mortality rates for cases and controls were respectively 23.7% and 22.4% (P =.94). The attributable mortality rate for MRSA bacteremia was 23.4%: mortality rates for cases and controls were respectively 63.8% and 40.4% (P =.02). The difference (22.1%) between both attributable mortality rates was significant (95% confidence interval, 8.8%-35.3%). CONCLUSION In critically ill patients, after accurate adjustment for disease severity and acute illness, we found MRSA bacteremia to have a higher attributable mortality than MSSA bacteremia.