Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision tree based text-to-phoneme mapping for speech recognition

In many embedded speech recognition systems, the phonetic transcriptions of the vocabulary items, i.e., the lexicons, cannot be stored to the device beforehand. A text-to-phoneme mapping functionality is hence needed to create the transcriptions from plain text. Several approaches have been evaluated in the litera-ture. In this paper, a decision tree based text-to-phoneme mapping is studied. A decision tree is trained for each letter according to information theoretic criteria on a pronunciation dictionary that contains the phoneme transcriptions for a large number of words. Context information is utilized to create the mapping. In our experiments, the mapping was constructed on the Carnegie Mellon pronunciation dictionary [1]. The phoneme accuracy of the most effective mapping was 99% on the training set and 91% on the test set of the pronunciation dictionary. The mapping was also implemented in a speaker independent isolated word recognition system. The recognition rates in the clean and in the car noise test environment were close to the baseline recognition rates obtained with the correct transcriptions, when the training lexicon contained the test vocabulary. When the test vocabulary differed significantly from the training vocabulary, the mapping performed below our expectations.
Electrically and Hybrid-Induced Muscle Activations: Effects of Muscle Size and Fiber Type

The effect of three electrical stimulation (ES) frequencies (10, 35, and 50 Hz) on two muscle groups with different proportions of fast and slow twitch fibers (abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and vastus lateralis (VL)) was explored. We evaluated the acute muscles’ responses individually and during hybrid activations (ES superimposed by voluntary activations). Surface electromyography (sEMG) and force measurements were evaluated as outcomes. Ten healthy adults (mean age: 24.4 ± 2.5 years) participated after signing an informed consent form approved by the university Institutional Review Board. Protocols were developed to: 1) compare EMG activities during each frequency for each muscle when generating 25% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) force, and 2) compare EMG activities during each frequency when additional voluntary activation was superimposed over ES-induced 25% MVC to reach 50% and 75% MVC. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was utilized to separate ES artifacts from voluntary muscle activation. For both muscles, higher stimulation frequency (35 and 50Hz) induced higher electrical output detected at 25% of MVC, suggesting more recruitment with higher frequencies. Hybrid activation generated proportionally less electrical activity than ES alone. ES and voluntary activations appear to generate two different modes of muscle recruitment. ES may provoke muscle strength by activating more fatiguing fast acting fibers, but voluntary activation elicits more muscle coordination. Therefore, during the hybrid activation, less electrical activity may be detected due to recruitment of more fatigue-resistant deeper muscle fibers, not reachable by surface EMG.
Genetics of Venous Thrombosis: Insights from a New Genome Wide Association Study

Background Venous Thrombosis (VT) is a common multifactorial disease associated with a major public health burden. Genetics factors are known to contribute to the susceptibility of the disease but how many genes are involved and their contribution to VT risk still remain obscure. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with VT risk. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on 551,141 SNPs genotyped in 1,542 cases and 1,110 controls. Twelve SNPs reached the genome-wide significance level of 2.0×10−8 and encompassed four known VT-associated loci, ABO, F5, F11 and FGG. By means of haplotype analyses, we also provided novel arguments in favor of a role of HIVEP1, PROCR and STAB2, three loci recently hypothesized to participate in the susceptibility to VT. However, no novel VT-associated loci came out of our GWAS. Using a recently proposed statistical methodology, we also showed that common variants could explain about 35% of the genetic variance underlying VT susceptibility among which 3% could be attributable to the main identified VT loci. This analysis additionally suggested that the common variants left to be identified are not uniformly distributed across the genome and that chromosome 20, itself, could contribute to ∼7% of the total genetic variance. Conclusions/Significance This study might also provide a valuable source of information to expand our understanding of biological mechanisms regulating quantitative biomarkers for VT.
Identification and characterization of rat AILIM/ICOS, a novel T-cell costimulatory molecule, related to the CD28/CTLA4 family.

Activation-inducible lymphocyte immuno-mediatory molecule (AILIM) is an inducible cell surface glycoprotein expressed on thymocytes and activated lymphocytes. Specific monoclonal antibody to rat AILIM induced the cell aggregation of a rat thymoma cell line and ConA-activated splenocytes. In the present study, we identified the primary structure of two species of rat AILIM by expression cloning. We also cloned mouse and human AILIM homologues and the predicted amino acid sequences were identical to those of the inducible costimulator ICOS/CRP-1, which belongs to the CD28/CTLA4 family. Although the human and mouse AILIM/ICOS molecule is localized on T-cells, the major population of AILIM/ICOS-positive cells in rat splenocyte was CD45RA-positive B-cells. The expression level of AILIM/ICOS on T-cells was relatively low; however, its expression was drastically induced by the treatment with PMA plus Ca-ionophore or the engagement of CD3 and these costimulatory molecules. Almost all T-cells exhibited potency as to its expression. Functional analysis of AILIM/ICOS demonstrated that AILIM-mediated costimulation was relatively weak compared to that of human.
The Effect of Displaying System Confidence Information on the Usage of Autonomous Systems for Non-specialist Applications: A Lab Study

Autonomous systems are designed to take actions on behalf of users, acting autonomously upon data from sensors or online sources. As such, the design of interaction mechanisms that enable users to understand the operation of autonomous systems and flexibly delegate or regain control is an open challenge for HCI. Against this background, in this paper we report on a lab study designed to investigate whether displaying the confidence of an autonomous system about the quality of its work, which we call its confidence information, can improve user acceptance and interaction with autonomous systems. The results demonstrate that confidence information encourages the usage of the autonomous system we tested, compared to a situation where such information is not available. Furthermore, an additional contribution of our work is the method we employ to study users' incentives to do work in collaboration with the autonomous system. In experiments comparing different incentive strategies, our results indicate that our translation of behavioural economics research methods to HCI can support the study of interactions with autonomous systems in the lab.
The Logarithm Function with a Fuzzy Time Series

The fuzzy time series has recently received increasing attention because of its capability in dealing with vague and incomplete data. This article presents an improved fuzzy time series model; we show that our method is as complete as the original definition but with higher reliability (Chou and Lee). Experimental results using the University of Alabama’s enrollment data (adapted by Song and Chissom) demonstrate that the proposed forecasting model outperforms the existing model (Lee and Chou) in terms of accuracy and robustness. Moreover, the forecasting model adheres to the consistency principle that the logarithm function with the fuzzy time series leads to more accurate results.
New delay-dependent conditions for H∞ filtering of nonlinear systems with neutral-type time-delay

This paper focuses on the observer design for nonlinear time-delay systems of neutral type. Nonlinearities of the system under consideration are supposed to be globally Lipschitz with respect to their arguments. We assume that the system output is corrupted by a norm-bounded noise and may contain delayed states. We brought new delay-dependent conditions under which the fault-tolerant observer converges with a prescribed level of uncertainty attenuation.
The Rosetta Stone Making COCOMO 81 Estimates Work with COCOMO II

As part of our efforts to help COCOMO users, we, the COCOMO research team at the Center for Software Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC), have developed the Rosetta Stone for converting COCOMO 81 files to run using the new COCOMO II software cost estimating model. The Rosetta Stone is very important because it allows users to update estimates made with the earlier version of the model so that they can take full advantage of the many new features incorporated into the COCOMO II package. This paper describes both the Rosetta Stone and guidelines for making the job of conversion easy.
Assessing the Impact of Aspects on Design By Contract Effort: A Quantitative Study

Although it is assumed that the implementation of design by contract is better modularized by means of aspectoriented (AO) programming, there is no empirical evidence on the effectiveness of AO for modularizing non-trivial design by contract code in well-understood modularity attributes. This paper reports a quantitative case study of the adequacy of aspects for modularizing design by contract concern. The study consisted of refactoring a real-life application so that the code responsible for implementing the contract enforcement strategies was moved to aspects. Our analysis was driven by fundamental modularity attributes, such as separation of concerns, coupling, and size. We have found that AO techniques improved separation of concerns between the design by contract code and base application code. However, contradicting the general intuition, the AO version of the system did not present significant gains regarding four classical size metrics we employed.
Proposal Doctor of Philosophy Title : Learning with Sparsity : Structures , Optimization and Applications

The development of modern technology has enabled collecting data of unprecedented size and complexity. Examples include web text data, microarray & proteomics, and data from scientific domains (e.g., meteorology). To learn from these high dimensional and complex data, traditional machine learning techniques often suffer from the curse of dimensionality and unaffordable computational cost. Recently developed sparse learning techniques provide us a suite of tools for understanding and exploring high dimensional data from many areas in science and engineering. By exploring sparsity, we can always learn a parsimonious and compact model which is more interpretable and computationally tractable at application time. When it is known that the underlying model is indeed sparse, sparse learning methods can provide us a more consistent model and much improved prediction performance. However, the existing methods are still insufficient for modeling complex or dynamic structures of the data and nonlinear relationships between inputs and response, such as those evidenced in pathways of genomic data, gene regulatory network, and synonyms in text data. In this thesis, we develop structured sparse learning methods along with scalable optimization algorithms to explore and predict high dimensional data with complex structures. The sparse learning methods proposed in this thesis can be applied to address several fundamental learning tasks, including single or multi-task regression, learning the dynamic structure of graphical models and nonparametric sparse regression. We describe the current work on these three directions and their future extensions. In addition, this thesis explores applications of the proposed methods in several important domains, including computational genomics, text mining and climatological data analysis.
Least-cost model predictive control of residential energy resources when applying μmCHP

With an increasing use of distributed energy resources and intelligence in the electricity infrastructure, the possibilities for minimizing costs of household energy consumption increase. Technology is moving toward a situation in which households manage their own energy generation and consumption, possibly in cooperation with each other. As a first step, in this paper a decentralized controller based on model predictive control is proposed. For an individual household using a micro combined heat and power (muCHP) plant in combination with heat and electricity storages the controller determines what the actions are that minimize the operational costs of fulfilling residential electricity and heat requirements subject to operational constraints. Simulation studies illustrate the performance of the proposed control scheme, which is substantially more cost effective compared with a control approach that does not include predictions on the system it controls.
Undersubscribed threading on clustered cache architectures

Recent many-core processors such as Intel's Xeon Phi and GPGPUs specialize in running highly scalable parallel applications at high performance while simultaneously embracing energy efficiency as a first-order design constraint. The traditional belief is that full utilization of all available cores also translates into the highest possible performance. In this paper, we study the effects of cache capacity conflicts and competition for shared off-chip bandwidth; and show that undersubscription, or not utilizing all cores, often yields significant increases in both performance and energy efficiency. Based on a detailed shared working set analysis we make the case for clustered cache architectures as an efficient design point for exploiting both data sharing and undersubscription, while providing low-latency and ease of implementation in many-core processors. We then propose ClusteR-aware Undersubscribed Scheduling of Threads (CRUST) which dynamically matches an application's working set size and off-chip bandwidth demands with the available on-chip cache capacity and off-chip bandwidth. CRUST improves application performance and energy efficiency by 15% on average, and up to 50%, for the NPB and SPEC OMP benchmarks. In addition, we make recommendations for the design of future many-core architectures, and show that taking the undersubscription usage model into account moves the optimum performance under the cores-versus-cache area tradeoff towards design points with more cores and less cache.
HOPE: an efficient parallel fault simulator for synchronous sequential circuits

HOPE is an efficient parallel fault simulator for synchronous sequential circuits that employs the parallel version of the single fault propagation technique. HOPE is based on an earlier fault simulator railed PROOFS, which employs several heuristics to efficiently drop faults and to avoid simulation of many inactive faults. In this paper, we propose three new techniques that substantially speed up parallel fault simulation: (1) reduction of faults simulated in parallel through mapping nonstem faults to stem faults, (2) a new fault injection method called functional fault injection, and (3) a combination of a static fault ordering method and a dynamic fault ordering method. Based on our experiments, our fault simulator, HOPE, which incorporates the proposed techniques, is about 1.6 times faster than PROOFS for 16 benchmark circuits.
Reaction Time Explains IQ's Association with Death

Lower IQ is associated with earlier death, but the cause of the relationship is unknown. In the present study, psychometric intelligence and reaction times were both significantly related to all-cause mortality in a representative sample of 898 people aged 56 years who were followed up with respect to survival until age 70. The association between IQ and mortality remained significant after adjusting for education, occupational social class, and smoking, all of which have been hypothesized as confounding variables. The effect of IQ on mortality was not significant after adjusting for reaction time, suggesting that reduced efficiency of information processing might link lower mental ability and earlier death. This new field of cognitive epidemiology provides arguably the strongest evidence for the importance of psychological factors in physical health and human survival. Finding the mechanisms that relate psychometric intelligence to mortality might help in formulating effective interventions to reduce inequalities in health.
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Integrative Genomics for Cancer Subgroup Discovery

Systematic integration of multiple omics data is a promising approach to identify cancer subgroups. In this project, miRNA and gene expression profiles were jointly analyzed for better defined molecular tumor subtypes by a Bayesian nonparametric method. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the subgroups identified by the proposed method on two hepatocellular carcinoma cohorts have different survival characteristics. Our proposal is easily extensible to other omics data types such as DNA methylation data and copy number alterations.
Coevolution of RtcB and Archease created a multiple-turnover RNA ligase

RtcB is a noncanonical RNA ligase that joins either 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate or 3′-phosphate termini to 5′-hydroxyl termini. The genes encoding RtcB and Archease constitute a tRNA splicing operon in many organisms. Archease is a cofactor of RtcB that accelerates RNA ligation and alters the NTP specificity of the ligase from Pyrococcus horikoshii. Yet, not all organisms that encode RtcB also encode Archease. Here we sought to understand the differences between Archease-dependent and Archease-independent RtcBs so as to illuminate the evolution of Archease and its function. We report on the Archease-dependent RtcB from Thermus thermophilus and the Archease-independent RtcB from Thermobifida fusca. We find that RtcB from T. thermophilus can catalyze multiple turnovers only in the presence of Archease. Remarkably, Archease from P. horikoshii can activate T. thermophilus RtcB, despite low sequence identity between the Archeases from these two organisms. In contrast, RtcB from T. fusca is a single-turnover enzyme that is unable to be converted into a multiple-turnover ligase by Archease from either P. horikoshii or T. thermophilus. Thus, our data indicate that Archease likely evolved to support multiple-turnover activity of RtcB and that coevolution of the two proteins is necessary for a functional interaction.
THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE INDONESIAN ECONOMIC CRISIS: LABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENTS

Amine-containing dispersants, such as succinimides, Mannich Bases and Viscosity-index improvers are reacted with fluorophosphoric acid. The reaction of the dispersant with the fluorophosphoric acid passivates the dispersant to fluorocarbon compositions used as seals, for example in automobile engines.
Enumeration of (16, 4, 16, 4) Relative Difference Sets

A complete enumeration of relative difference sets (RDS) with parameters $(16,4,16,4)$ in a group of order 64 with a normal subgroup $N$ of order 4 is given. If $N=Z_4$, three of the 11 abelian groups of order 64, and 23 of the 256 nonabelian groups of order 64 contain $(16,4,16,4)$ RDSs. If $N=Z_2 \times Z_2$, nine of the abelian groups and 194 of the non-abelian groups of order 64 contain $(16,4,16,4)$ RDSs.
Psycho-Spiritual Dreams in the Nineteenth Century, Part II: Metaphysics and Immortality

The author focuses on metaphysical issues as explored in the nineteenth century periodical dream literature. The relationship between dreams of death and myths of immorality is examined first, followed by illustrations of the use of death dreams in the expositions of both realist and idealist philosophies. Specific philosophies buttressed by these dream phenomena (as argued by the nineteenth century authors) are (a) the wandering soul, (b) spiritualism and Swedenborgianism (with the subcategories of dreams and fiction and fantastic dreams, (c) Naturphilosophie, (d) atomist theory, (e) ancestral memories, (f) naive realism, and (g) idealism. Further integration of dream phenomena in Christian psychotherapies and theology is recommended.
Comparative Study of Tools and Techniques for Cloud Services QoS Performance Management

The phenomenal growth of Cloud Computing as an IT service across various organizational domains has resulted in the critical challenge of their performance evaluation. One of the key problems which is being faced by the cloud service providers and the cloud customers is the ability of assessing the QoS and QoE performance of cloud services under various service delivery scenarios. This has created an opportunity for the cloud system researchers to create and develop tools which can achieve the evaluation of the QoS and QoE of the provisioned cloud services. These tools should be designed in such a way that they can simulate and test the cloud services before these services are to be commissioned to the customers, as this will eventually minimize service disruptions and performance degradation issues during the real-time operational phase. However, it is observed that a plethora of such tools and techniques are available in this research domain and this paper is an attempt to critically evaluate and compare them in a organized and methodological manner. Hence the paper, in a novel way, compares the most popular QoS techniques for Cloud Computing system and the appropriate simulation tools. It also provides informed and technically sound recommendations towards the choice of a tool appropriate for the the cloud service providers and their administrators who can immensely benefit by their adoption.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Klinik Karar Verme Düzeyleri ve Etkileyen Faktörler

Giris: Klinik karar verme hemsirelik uygulamasinin ayrilmaz bir parcasidir ve klinik karar vermeyi etkileyen faktorleri arastiran calismalar bulunmamaktadir. Amac: Bu calisma hemsirelik ogrencilerinin klinik karar verme duzeylerini ve etkileyen faktorleri belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Yontem: Tanimlayici ve kesitsel tipte yapilan arastirmanin orneklemini, bir universitenin Hemsirelik bolumunde 2. 3. ve 4. sinifta ogrenim goren ve arastirmaya gonullu olarak katilan 173 ogrenci olusturmustur. Arastirmanin verileri, “Tanitici Ozellikler Formu” ve “Hemsirelikte Klinik Karar Verme Olcegi” kullanilarak toplanmistir. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde; sayi, yuzde hesaplari, ortalama olcutleri, Kruskal Wallis Testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve One Way ANOVA testi kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Ogrencilerin yas ortalamasi 20.78±1.19 olup, %87.3’u kiz ve %46.8’i duz lise mezunudur. Ogrencilerin Hemsirelikte Klinik Karar Verme Olcegi toplam puan ortalamasi 141.91±14.08’dir. Ogrencilerin klinik karar verme durumlarini, annenin calisma durumu, bolume isteyerek gelme, hemsirelik meslegini sevme, meslege iliskin olumlu dusuncenin olmasi, klinik uygulamada sorun yasamama, teorik bilgiyi klinik uygulamada kullandigini dusunme gibi degiskenlerin etkiledigi belirlenmistir (p<0.05). Sonuc : Bu calisma sonucunda ogrencilerin klinik karar verme durumlarinin iyi duzeyde oldugu belirlenmistir. Hemsirelikte farkli mufredat programinda ogrenim goren ogrenciler ile calismanin daha genis orneklemde tekrarlanmasi, ogrencilerin klinik karar verme duzeyinin elestirel dusunme, problem cozme ve klinik ogrenme cevresi gibi degiskenler acisindan arastirilmasi onerilmektedir.
A Curated Benchmark Collection of Python Systems for Empirical Studies on Software Engineering

The aim of this paper is to present a dataset of metrics associated to the first release of a curated collection of Python software systems. We describe the dataset along with the adopted criteria and the issues we faced while building such corpus. This dataset can enhance the reliability of empirical studies, enabling their reproducibility, reducing their cost, and it can foster further research on Python software.