Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of supplementation on voluntary forage intake, diet digestibility, and animal performance.

A data base was constructed to describe and estimate supplementation effects in nonlactating cattle consuming forage ad libitum. The data base included 66 publications on 126 forages (73 harvested and 53 grazed) and a total of 444 comparisons between a control, unsupplemented treatment and a supplemented treatment. Daily gains were reported for 301 comparisons and voluntary intake for 258. Direct measures of forage digestibility were reported for 202 comparisons, and total diet digestibility for 150. Supplements did not increase gain in all cases. Change in ADG due to supplement was not related closely to intake of supplemental TDN. Lowest increases in ADG were with native forages supplemented with molasses alone or with low intakes of molasses containing high levels of NPN. Greatest increases in gain were with improved forages, supplements with > 60% TDN, and supplemental CP intake > . 05% of BW. Supplements decreased voluntary forage intake (VFI) when supplemental TDN intake was > . 7% of BW, forage TDN:CP ratio was < 7 (adequate N), or VFI when fed alone was > 1.75% of BW. When supplements increased VFI, forage TDN: CP ratio was > 7 (N deficit), and VFI when fed alone was often low. There was little relationship between change in VFI and sources of supplemental CP and TDN. Supplements caused total diet TDN concentration to deviate from expected values by -10 to +5% of OM. When supplemental TDN intake was > . 7% of BW, diet TDN concentration was always less than expected. There was little relationship between deviation from expected total diet TDN and type or composition of forages or supplements. Empirical multiple regression equations were developed to estimate effects of supplements on VFI and total diet TDN concentration. The most acceptable intake equation estimated VFI when fed with supplement (r2 = .84) That equation included VFI when fed alone, supplement intake, CP and TDN concentrations in forage and supplement, and classification codes describing forages and supplemental energy. The most acceptable equation for estimating total diet TDN concentration included only the expected total diet TDN concentration (r2 = .87). These equations may be used in nutritional models to account for associative effects.
Housing Vacancy and the Shrinking City: Trends and Policies in the UK and the City of Liverpool

In the context of the discourse around shrinking cities, the aim of the paper was to try and better understand and differentiate the various types and causes of urban housing vacancy and to ask whether policy responses including planning policies appropriately reflect this variety. The paper briefly discusses the issue of shrinking cities, before considering theoretical explanations for housing vacancy and examining the relationships between population change, housing vacancy and policy responses in the Liverpool conurbation. Conclusions are then drawn about the nature of housing vacancy and the effectiveness of policy responses.
Nutrition of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after hospital discharge – Part II

Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia often present with severe growth failure at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Catch-up growth accelerates after hospital discharge, nevertheless, feeding problems may need a specialized approach. Following the revision of the scientific literature on the most relevant aspects on nutrition of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after hospital discharge in Part I, in this article the Authors present and discuss important issues such as catch up growth, swallow dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, and how to improve feeding competences.
Hepatitis a diagnosis in man: radioimmunoassay for hepatitis a antigen detection in faeces

A new radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure using a double‐sandwich technique was developed for the detection of hepatitis A antigen (HAV) in crude faecal extracts from patients involved in three outbreaks of type A hepatitis. Stools were obtained from 24 residents suffering from acute hepatitis A and from six children who remained asymptomatic throughout the epidemic. In addition, the HAV detection was performed in sera from 13 patients with hepatitis. HAV was detected in stools as early as five days before and as late as five days after the onset of jaundice. In this procedure, positive activity was only found in stools from patients with type A hepatitis, but not in negative controls. HAV was not detected in acute‐phase sera. The double‐sandwich RIA test used appears to be a reliable test for the large‐scale screening of HAV in stool samples from patients suffering from type A hepatitis.
Economic Policy and Performance in Industrial Democracies: Party Governments, Central Banks and the Fiscal-Monetary Policy Mix

1. Introduction 2. Party Governments-Central Banks Interaction: The Fiscal-Monetary Policy Mix 3. Change in the Economic Environment, Political Actors and Adjustment 4. The Political-Economic Determinants of Economic Policy and Outcomes: Basic Empirical Results 5. Party Governments, Central Banks and Labor: Empirical Evidence for Interactive Effects 6. Conclusion
Synchronization of Randomly Coupled Neural Networks With Markovian Jumping and Time-Delay

This paper studies synchronization in an array of coupled neural networks with Markovian jumping and random coupling strength. The array of neural networks are coupled in a random fashion which is governed by Bernoulli random variable and each node has an interval time-varying delay. By designing a novel Lyapunov functional, using some inequalities and the properties of random variables, several delay-dependent synchronization criteria are derived for the coupled networks of continuous-time version. Discrete-time analogues of the continuous-time networks are also formulated and studied. Some new lemmas are developed to obtain less conservative synchronization criteria of both continuous-time model and its discrete-time analogues. Numerical examples of both continuous-time system and its discrete-time analogues are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Audit Fees and Auditor Dismissals in the Sarbanes-Oxley Era

The accounting scandals and Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 resulted in large increases in required audit work, and corresponding increases in audit fees for public companies. This study provides early evidence regarding the relationship between higher audit fees, both levels and changes, and auditor dismissals in the period immediately subsequent to the passage of SOX. We find that clients paying higher fees are more likely to dismiss their auditors. We also find that dismissals are associated with smaller companies, companies with going‐concern reports, and companies that later reported material weaknesses in their internal controls. Among dismissing clients, smaller Big 4 clients, paying higher fees, tend to hire non‐Big 4 successor auditors. This result holds when auditors are divided into Big 4, national, and local tiers. We also find evidence that dismissing clients, in particular clients hiring new non‐Big 4 auditors, experience smaller fee increases than nonswitching clients in the following year.
Marketing Planning Practices of South African Companies

There has been rapid political, social and economic change in South Africa since 1990. As a result of the fall of apartheid, South Africa is slowly taking its place in the global village. Foreign companies are considering South Africa as a good market for their goods and as a source of supply of raw material and partly processed goods. Aims to review the marketing planning practices of large South African companies. A comprehensive review of the marketing planning literature has been undertaken. A study of 73 companies quoted on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange was undertaken. It was established that all these companies had a comprehensive annual marketing plan and they followed the procedures, and used the techniques described in the normative marketing literature. Global organizations looking for South African partners will find the level of marketing planning sophistication highly satisfactory.
Unemployment Duration in Poor Developing Economies: Evidence from Urban Ethiopia

The literature investigating unemployment duration in developing countries is rather scarce. In this paper, parametric and semi-parametric models are estimated to analyze the determinants of unemployment duration in a developing country context. Data from a nationally representative urban household survey in Ethiopia are used. The data reveal that mean unemployment duration in urban Ethiopia is very long—3 years for completed spells and 4.7 years for incomplete spells. The econometric evidence shows that the hazard rate into employment is significantly affected by age, marital status, highest level of education attained, location and support mechanism while unemployed. Ethnic background and gender are not found to be important determinants. Appropriate tests show that these results are not driven by unobservable heterogeneities. The nonparametric hazard function and the baseline hazard retrieved from the semi-parametric estimation reveal a unique shape with alternating signs of duration dependence across a range of years.
The effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin (FK228) are enhanced by aspirin (ASA) in COX-1 positive ovarian cancer cells through augmentation of p21

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown preclinical efficacy in solid tumors, including ovarian cancers. Our group has published that the HDAC inhibitor, romidepsin (FK228) suppresses ovarian cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations in vitro. HDAC inhibitors appear to be even more effective when used in combination with other anti-tumor agents. However, it remains unclear which anti-tumor agents are best suited for combination therapy. A recent report suggested that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) is synergistic with HDAC inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. ASA is a relatively selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and has anti-proliferative effects in ovarian cancer cells. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of ASA on the activity of the HDAC inhibitor, FK228 in COX-1 positive (OVCAR-3) and COX-1 negative (SKOV-3) human ovarian cancer cell lines. The growth inhibitory effects of FK228 were enhanced by ASA in COX-1 positive ovarian cancer cells. In contrast, ASA had no influence on the results of FK228 treatment in COX-1 negative ovarian cancer cells. Upregulation of the cell cycle control protein p21 was induced robustly by FK228 in both cell lines. In the COX-1 positive cells, p21 expression was augmented by the addition of ASA to FK228 treatment. Furthermore, COX-1 siRNA attenuated the effects of combined ASA and FK228 on the levels of p21 expression and the amount of growth inhibition. The additional increase in p21 by ASA in FK228-treated cells was not observed at the promoter or transcriptional levels. However, a significant delay in p21 protein degradation in the presence of ASA and FK228 in COX-1 positive cells was associated with inhibition of proteasome activity. Our study provides a potential rationale for combining ASA with HDAC inhibitors in a subset of ovarian cancers.
Change and continuity in UK public house retailing

This paper outlines and reviews four major changes that have occurred in the UK public house retailing (PHR) sector since 1989, that is the 1989 ‘Beer Orders’, the changing socio-economic context, public house estate investment, and financialisation. While these changes have been taking place, it is argued that a degree of continuity (discussed in terms of people, the regional brewer/retailers, and control and business development) is to be found underpinning this period of turbulence in the sector, which is typically not foregrounded to the same extent. The paper illustrates the change and continuity argument with primary data gathered by the author through a longitudinal study of the industry, and concludes with a discussion linking UK PHR change and continuity.
Optimization of ANN applied to non-linear system identification based in UWB

In this work we propose a hybrid technique for artificial neural network optimization based in UWB system. This technique is a combination of real-coded genetic (GA) and back propagation (BP) algorithms simulating an ultra wideband (UWB) system. The main idea is to apply the back propagation over the five more adapted individuals of each generation produced by the real coded GA, in order to allow the evolution of these individuals before the crossover operation. The combined algorithms are used in non-linear system identification. Some solutions are presented to solve common problems arising from the application of genetic algorithm
Computational mechanisms for action selection

Imagine a zebra in the African savannah. At each moment in time this zebra has to weigh up alternative courses of action before deciding which will be most beneficial to it. For instance, it may want to graze because it is short of food, or it may want to head towards a water hole because it is short of water, or it may want to remain motionless in order to avoid detection by the predator it can see lurking nearby. This is an example of the problem of action selection: how to choose, at each moment in time, the most appropriate out of a repertoire of possible actions. This thesis investigates action selection in a novelway and makes threemain contribu¬ tions. Firstly, a description is given of a simulated environment which is an extensive and detailed simulation of the problem of action selection for animals. Secondly, this simulated environment is used to investigate the adequacy of several theories of ac¬ tion selection such as the drive model, Lorenz's hydraulic model and Maes' spreading activation network. Thirdly, a new approach to action selection is developed which determines themost appropriate action in a principled way, and which does not suffer from the inherent shortcomings found in other methods.
Learning alliances, corporate entrepreneurship and business performance: is there really a linkage?

In this study, we investigate how learning alliances affect corporate entrepreneurship. Then, we also analyse the influence of both learning alliances and corporate entrepreneurship on business performance. In order to achieve this objective, we adopt a quantitative research approach in a cross-sectional study of 80 Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises. For the influence of learning alliances on business performance, the impact of knowledge acquisition and absorptive capacity is mixed. When including corporate entrepreneurship, proactiveness is the decisive variable in all performance measures. Taken together, we must question that strategic learning alliances per se create value in corporate entrepreneurship and performance. In addition, we conclude that the regional economic environment matters. Several implications are presented.
THE ROLE OF FAMILY START UPS IN THE EMERGENCE OF A SMALL BUSINESS SECTOR IN BULGARIA

It is widely reported that entrepreneurial activity has a significant role to play in transition economies such as Central and Eastern Europe but little is known about the role that the family unit plays in facilitating small business emergence in the former command economies. This is surprising given that the link between family and small business development has been widely researched in market economies. In this study, attention is drawn to the role that family relations and resources play in small business emergence. The study focuses on Bulgaria, a country in the Balkans with much cultural diversity and which became a European Union member in 2007–8. Analysis is undertaken of research material drawn from a survey of 69 small firms. 42% of the surveyed firms are two generation businesses involving the entrepreneur and children or parents. 35% of the businesses are three generation businesses involving the lead entrepreneur, parents, children and siblings. The remaining 33% are firms that are run by couples and/or siblings. This suggests that the family household is the key channel for (and of) small business formation. In neglecting the role of family start-ups, this gives a false understanding to the role that households and families sometimes contribute to the economy. At the same time, it is also partly because of this dependency on family relations and resources that small businesses become rooted in the 'informal economy' — an economy that is based on family favours and which it is difficult to break out of.
Economic Opening and Industrial Agglomeration in China

This paper explores the causes of industrial agglomeration in China using the provincial panel data during 1987-2001, focusing on the effects of economic opening. The determinants of industrial agglomeration are tested by controlling three types of factors, those of economic policies, economic geography and new economic geography, respectively. In summary, we find: (1) Economic opening, which is also related with geography and history encourages industrial agglomeration; (2) Large market size, effects of forward and backward linkage, high level of urbanization, better infrastructure and less involvement of local government tend to facilitate industrial concentration; (3) Costal regions have geographical advantage in attracting firms. These findings not only support the new economic geography theory from evidence within China, but also emphasize the important role that policies like economic opening might directly play in industrial agglomeration. The most important policy implication of this paper is that by quickening up the step of integrating into world economy and deregulating, even those less developed regions might accelerate industrial agglomeration and thus decrease regional disparity.
Colorectal cancer in Jordan and Nova Scotia a comparative epidemiologic and histopathologic study

A comparative study of colorectal adenocarcinoma was undertaken among the populations of Jordan and Nova Scotia, Canada. The incidence of this cancer was 13 (colon 6, rectum 7) and 53 (colon 31, rectum 22) per 100,000 males aged 35–64 years, respectively. Colonic tumors (excluding rectosigmoid) showed left‐sided preponderance in Jordanians and right‐sided preponderance in Nova Scotians. Age average at diagnosis was 49 years in Jordanians (colon 47 years and rectum 50 years) and 66 years in Nova Scotians (colon 67 years and rectum 63 years), with peaks in the fifth and seventh decades and a male to female ratio of 1.3:1 and 1:1, respectively. The mucinous type accounted for 31 and 13% of colorectal adenocarcinomas in Jordanians and Nova Scotians, respectively, of which the signet‐cell type accounted for 14 and 2% of the total number, respectively. The actual incidence rate of mucinous carcinoma, however, was higher among Nova Scotians. In both groups, mucinous carcinoma showed predilection for females and rectal signet‐cell carcinoma showed bias toward younger females. The authors believe that the significantly different epidemiologic and morphologic features of colorectal cancer demonstrated in these two communities could shed light on possible etiologic influences, such as dietary habits or other environmental factors.
Analysis and Simulation for Spectrum Aggregation in LTE-Advanced System

Spectrum aggregation (SA) is one of the potential LTE advanced technologies. The analysis and simulation for SA in LTE-Advanced system are addressed in this paper. We first analyze the system model of SA, and propose some evaluation methodologies for SA. Then the schedulers for SA with joint queue and disjoint queue are proposed. Finally, different traffic models are considered in the system level simulation to evaluate the performance gain of spectrum aggregation over deploying independent carriers on the eNode-B. The simulation results show that the SA technology can enhance the throughput, fairness and latency performance in LTE-Advanced system comparing with independent carrier scenario for different traffic models.
School Choice in a Post-Desegregation World

In contrast to unregulated school choice, regulated choice programs oversee the assignment of students to schools with equity in mind. This article puts forth evidence for three claims with respect to unregulated and regulated school choice: (c) Unregulated choice plans tend to exacerbate the stratification of students along race, class, and achievement lines; (b) regulated choice programs have the potential to increase the integration of schools and, at the very least, to prevent further social stratification; and (c) the evidence that suggests unregulated choice programs lead to improved academic achievement or curriculum innovation is unconvincing. By influencing the racial and social class composition of schools, choice programs help determine the human capital obtained by students and families. Exposure to new cultural and social forms of human capital can lead to enhanced life opportunities for all children, but particularly to those who do not otherwise have access to such capital in a hegemonic society. Considerations of social justice suggest that policymakers should continue to search for ways to design school choice programs that promote integration.
Further evidence on the international business cycle and the ERM: is there a European business cycle?

Successful exchange rate regimes impose policy disciplines that are likely to lead to conformity in the business cycles of the participating countries. This conjecture is borne out in the paper by the evidence in it that the business cycle affiliation of Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) member countries has shifted from the United States to Germany since the formation of the ERM. This effect is bolstered by the growing links in trade between the EU countries. The United Kingdom is conspicuous among the latter in that its business cycle affiliation did not change in the period covered by the study. Copyright 1999 by Royal Economic Society.
Erik Lundberg and Dynamic Economics a Review Article

Erik Lundberg, 1907 to 1987, was the last and one of the best of the 1930s vintage of Stockholm School economists. His Studies in the Theory of Economic Expansion, hereafter cited as Studies, represented a significant advance in dynamic theorizing but has scarcely received any attention outside Sweden. The purpose of this essay is acquaint modern economists with Lundbergs achievement.
The Value of the "Southern" Dollar

This paper constructs a trade-weighted regional exchange rate index for the Southern states and compares it to a similar index comprising the rest of the United States. Results indicate there are nontrivial differences between them. The two indexes are not cointegrated, and the index comprising the rest of the United States does not appear to be causing movements in the Southern dollar. In an international trade sense, the South is still distinctive. Researchers investigating how exchange rate changes affect regional exports and economic growth should be cautious in making inferences based upon a national exchange rate index.