Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEA URCHIN DNA SEQUENCE VARIATION AND REDUCED INTERSPECIES DIFFERENCES OF THE LESS VARIABLE DNA SEQUENCES

Individual sea urchins of the species Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus differ from each other in about 4% of the nucleotide pairs of their single copy DNA sequences (Britten et al., 1978). In the past we have referred to single copy DNA sequence polymorphism (Britten et al., 1978), but for purposes of clarity we use here the term sequence variation which is defined as the percent difference in sequence between individual genomes averaged for a population and averaged over all of the single copy DNA.
New directions in equity research.

This article consists of four sections: The first section elucidates a general theory of social behavior—equity theory. Equity theory consists of four propositions designed to predict when individuals will perceive that they are justly treated and how they will react when they find themselves enmeshed in unjust relationships. The second section summarizes the extensive research that has been conducted to lest equity theory. The third section points out the ways in which equity theory interlocks with other major social psychological theories. The final section hints at some ways in which equity theory can be applied to understanding social problems. THE THEORETICAL FORMULATION The proposition that individuals seek for themselves maximum reward at minimum cost is hardly startling. Theories in a wide variety of disciplines rest on the assumption that "Man is selfish. " Psychologists believe that behavior can be shaped by the careful application of reinforcement s. Economists assume that individuals will purchase desired products at the lowest available price. Moral philosophers conclude that the ideal society can only be one which insures the "greatest good for the greatest number. " Politicians contend that "Every man has his price. " Equity theory, too, rests on the assumption that man is selfish. Thus, our first proposition states: Proposition I: Individuals will try to maximize their outcomes (where outcomes equal rewards minus costs). If everyone were unrestrained in his attempts to get what he wanted, everyone would suffer. Every man would attempt to monopolize community resources; every man would be continually confronted by rivals bent on reclaiming these resources. Only by working out a compromise can the group avoid continual warfare and maximize collective reward. This fact is acknowledged in Proposition II A:
An Eye-Tracking Study of Learning From Science Text With Concrete and Abstract Illustrations

This study investigated the online process of reading and the offline learning from an illustrated science text. The authors examined the effects of using a concrete or abstract picture to illustrate a text and adopted eye-tracking methodology to trace text and picture processing. They randomly assigned 59 eleventh-grade students to 3 reading conditions: (a) text only; (b) text with a concrete illustration; and (c) text with an abstract illustration in a pretest, immediate, and delayed posttest design. Results showed that the text illustrated by either the concrete or the abstract picture led to better learning than did the text alone. Eye-fixation data revealed that the abstract illustration promoted more efficient processing of the text. Analyses of the gaze shifts between the 2 types of external representation indicated that the readers of the text with the abstract illustration made a greater effort to integrate verbal and pictorial information. Furthermore, relations between online and offline measures emerged.
Equalization: Analysis of MIMO Systems in Frequency Selective Channel

Due to the increased demand of wireless communication systems because of the features of the system which provides a wide coverage, high throughput and reliable services, the MIMO systems communication has come into existence. Features provided by these systems ensure the improved system coverage and increased data transmission rate by considering multiple numbers of transmitter and receiver antennas. In this paper, we are considering the equalization; a filtering approach that minimizes the error between actual output and desired output by continuous updating its filter coefficients for Rayleigh Frequency selective fading channel. We concluded that MMSE and ZF give the worst performance in Rayleigh frequency selective channel as compare to Rayleigh Flat fading Channel [35] due to a constant BER for large SNR’s. We have also observed that the successive interference methods provide better performance as compare to others, but their complexity is high. ML provides the better performance in comparison to others and BER doesn’t remain constant for a large SNR in this case. Simulation results shows that ML equalizer with BPSK gives better performance as compare to QPSK. Finally we concluded that Sphere decoder provides the best performance.
Decolorization: is rgb2gray() out?

Decolorization problems originate from the fact that the luminance channel may fail to represent iso-luminant regions in the original color image. Currently all the existing methods suffer from the same weakness -- robustness: failure cases can be easily found for each of the methods. This prevents all these methods from being practical for real-world applications. In fact, the luminance conversion (i.e, rgb2gray() function in Matlab) performs rather well in practice only with exceptions for failure cases like the iso-luminant regions. Thus a thought-provoking question is naturally raised: can we reach a robust solution by simply modifying the rgb2gray() to avoid failures in iso-luminant regions? Instead of assigning fixed channel weights for all images, a more flexible strategy would be choosing channel weights depending on specific images to avoid indiscrimination in iso-luminant regions. Following this strategy, by considering multi-scale contrast preservation, we design an algorithm that can consistently produce "good" results for each color image, among which the "best" one preferred by users can be selected by further involving perceptual contrasts preferences. The results are verified through user study.
A carbon-enhanced metal-poor damped Lyα system: probing gas from Population III nucleosynthesis?

We present high-resolution observations of an extremely metal-poor damped Lyα system (DLA), at z_(abs) = 2.340 0972 in the spectrum of the QSO J0035−0918, exhibiting an abundance pattern consistent with model predictions for the supernova yields of Population III stars. Specifically, this DLA has [Fe/H]≃−3, shows a clear ‘odd–even’ effect, and is C-rich with [C/Fe]=+1.53, a factor of ∼20 greater than reported in any other DLA. In analogy to the carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo (with [C/Fe] > +1.0), this is the first known case of a carbon-enhanced DLA. We determine an upper limit to the mass of ^(12)C, M(^(12)C) ≤ 200 M_⊙, which depends on the unknown gas density n(H); if n(H) > 1 cm^(−3) (which is quite likely for this DLA given its low velocity dispersion), then M(^(12)C) ≤ 2 M_⊙, consistent with pollution by only a few prior supernovae. We speculate that DLAs such as the one discovered here may represent the ‘missing link’ between the yields of Population III stars and their later incorporation in the class of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars which show no enhancement of neutron-capture elements (CEMP-no stars).
Upper Secondary Chemistry Students in a Pharmacochemistry Research Community

This study deals with the participation of 10 upper secondary chemistry students, aged 16–17, and their chemistry teacher in a pharmacochemistry research community on anti-allergy medicines at VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Participation of students in scientific research raises the question of how to bridge the gap between an upper secondary school inquiry practice and a scientific research practice. To bridge this gap, a design based on 6 principles derived from an educational model of a community of learners was proposed. The study first aimed at revealing whether the proposed principles were necessary according to the students, their teacher and three pharmacochemistry researchers for successful participation of the students in the research community. Second, the study examined whether the students' understanding of discipline-specific content knowledge, interest in scientific research and knowledge about the nature of science changed during the course of the study. Data were obtained from questionnaires, interviews and video tapes. The results indicated that according to the teacher all 6 principles were necessary to bridge the gap, whereas according to the students 1 principle and according to the pharmacochemistry researchers 2 principles were necessary but difficult to achieve. Furthermore, all students gained discipline-specific content knowledge. Their interest in scientific research exhibited a positive change and their knowledge about the nature of science increased. The implications for further research and practice are discussed.
Analysis of Abnormality in Endoscopic images using Combined HSI Color Space and Watershed Segmentation

In this paper, a method for detecting possible presence of abnormality in the endoscopic images is presented. The pre-processed endoscopic color images are segmented in the HSI color space. The pixels in the input color image corresponding to the segmented image are extracted for further processing. This image is smoothened using average filter and converted into grayscale image. Its inverse transform is obtained for further processing and extended minima is imposed on the processed image using morphological reconstruction. Then the morphological watershed segmentation is carried out on this image and the number of regions is counted and is compared with the threshold value. If the number of regions is more than the threshold value, then the output image is an indicative of possible presence of abnormality in the image
Research on Employee Recruitment: So Many Studies, So Many Remaining Questions

Over the last thirty years, the amount of research on recruitment topics has increased dramatically. Despite this increase, recent reviews of the recruitment literature often have had a somewhat pessimistic tone. Reviewers have concluded that we still do not know a great deal about why recruitment activities have the effects they do. In particular, recent reviews have criticized many of the studies conducted for being poorly designed, narrow in focus, and not grounded in theory. We believe that many of these criticisms are legitimate. We also believe that, in order for future studies to result in a better understanding of the recruitment process, such studies need to be designed with an appreciation of the complexity of the recruitment process (i.e., the number of variables involved and the nature of their relationships). In this regard, we offer an organizing framework of the recruitment process. In introducing this framework, we draw upon theories from a variety of research domains and give considerable attention to process variables (e.g., aplicant attention, message credibility, applicant self-insight) that mediate the relationships between recruitment activities (e.g., recruiter behavior) and recruitment outcomes (e.g., the number of applications generated). Having introduced an organizing framework, we selectively review recruitment research, giving particular attention to the topics of recruitment sources, recruiters, and realistic job previews. This review makes apparent a number of important issues that recruitment research has yet to address.
Management of Dyslipidemia in NIDDM

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death among patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). NIDDM patients have a high frequency of dyslipidemia, which along with obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia may contribute significantly to accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. Because risk factors for coronary heart disease are additive and perhaps multiplicative, even mild degrees of dyslipidemia may enhance coronary heart disease risk. Therefore, therapeutic strategies for management of NIDDM should give equal emphasis to controlling hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The National Cholesterol Education Program recently issued guidelines for treatment of hyperlipidemia in adults including diabetic patients. Because of the unique features of diabetic dyslipidemia, however, we suggest that certain modifications in these guidelines be made to meet specific needs of diabetic patients. For example, therapeutic goals for serum cholesterol reduction should be lower in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects. Particular emphasis should be given to weight reduction in NIDDM patients. In some diabetic patients, monounsaturated fatty acids may be a better replacement for saturated fatty acids than carbohydrates. The target for cholesterol lowering should include both very-low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (non-high-density lipoprotein) rather than LDL alone. To obtain a substantial reduction of cholesterol levels, drug therapy may be required in many patients. However, first-line drugs for nondiabetic patients (nicotinic acid and bile acid sequestrants) may be less desirable in NIDDM patients than hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors and even fibric acids. In fact, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors may be the drugs of choice for NIDDM patients with elevated LDL cholesterol and borderline hypertriglyceridemia, whereas gemfibrozil appears preferable for NIDDM patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Begin Again and Continue With Life: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a main cause of mortality worldwide. However, new diagnostic techniques and treatments have increased the rate of survival for patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiac rehabilitation programs aim to maintain and enhance the quality of life of patients and improve the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Suboptimal participation in rehabilitation programs, early exit from these programs, and not achieving lasting changes are cardiac rehabilitation challenges that are associated with health issues, including the increased need for medication, repeated hospitalization, failure in the secondary prevention programs, and long waiting lists. Exploring the meaning of behavioral changes in the context of cardiac rehabilitation may facilitate the design of effective interventions that are critical to achieving the goals of cardiac rehabilitation programs. Purpose: This study explored the mechanisms that underlie behavioral changes within cardiac rehabilitation centers. Methods: We used a descriptive qualitative approach, which is widely acknowledged as the best approach for eliciting in-depth descriptions of behavioral changes in the context of cardiac rehabilitation centers. Using purposive sampling, 15 men and 8 women with coronary heart disease were referred to the two cardiac rehabilitation centers participating in this study. The inclusion criteria were participation in four cardiac rehabilitation sessions and ability and willingness to participate. The data were collected using semistructured in-depth interviews, and the inductive thematic analysis method was used for analysis. Results: “Trying to stay alive” and “begin again” arose as the two main themes related to behavioral change. These themes include the changes in cognition and values that lead to improvements in the process of behavioral change as a major outcome of cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusions: Using psychosocial interventions such as creating and strengthening hope and meaningful intrinsic motivation in the context of rehabilitation centers often helps deal with these challenges. “Trying to stay alive” may take place before referral to a cardiac rehabilitation center. Therefore, psychosocial nursing interventions such as motivational interviewing are designed to improve a process that may be already underway. Thus, stress and anxiety may be treated based on beliefs and emotions. The primary emphasis in cardiac rehabilitation should include changing the beliefs of the patient and motivating her or him to achieve sustainable behavioral change.
Efficient & Accurate Scheduling Algorithm for Cloudera Hadoop

The term immense data was coined to capture which suggests of this rising trend. To boot to its sheer volume, immense data to boot exhibits completely different distinctive characteristics as compared with ancient data. For instance, immense data is typically unstructured and wish extra amount analysis. This development incorporates new system architectures for data acquisition, transmission, storage, and large-scale process mechanisms. Recent technological advancements have semiconductor diode to a deluge of information from distinctive domains (e.g., Health care and sciatic sensors, user generated data, net and money corporations, and supply chain systems). The build up of information over the past twenty years has enlarged to large volumes. Apache Hadoop have introduced a economical and possible tool for distributed computing of such immense data for filtering and extracting massive volumes of knowledge. MapReduce can be a good used parallel computing framework for giant scale process. The two major performance metrics in MapReduce area unit job execution time and cluster production. MapReduce uses inventory accounting job programming by default and completely different programming algorithms area unit being introduced in proprietary domain. This work introduces a metric primarily based programming algorithmic rule to reinforce the potency and utilization of the server resources.
Conserved molecular mechanism for the stage specificity of the mosquito vitellogenic response to ecdysone.

In the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the adult female becomes competent for a vitellogenic response to ecdysone after previtellogenic development. Here, we show that betaFTZ-F1, the nuclear receptor implicated as a competence factor for stage-specific responses to ecdysone during Drosophila metamorphosis, serves a similar function during mosquito vitellogenesis. AaFTZ-F1 is expressed highly in the mosquito fat body during pre- and postvitellogenic periods when ecdysteroid titers are low. The mosquito AaFTZ-F1 transcript nearly disappears in mid-vitellogenesis when ecdysteroid titers are high. An expression peak of HR3, a nuclear receptor implicated in the activation of betaFTZ-F1 in Drosophila, precedes each rise in mosquito FTZ-F1 expression. In in vitro fat body culture, AaFTZ-F1 expression is inhibited by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and superactivated by its withdrawal. Following in vitro AaFTZ-F1 superactivation, a secondary 20E challenge results in superinduction of the early AaE75 gene and the late target VCP gene. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays show that the onset of ecdysone-response competence in the mosquito fat body is correlated with the appearance of the functional AaFTZ-F1 protein at the end of the previtellogenic development. These findings suggest that a conserved molecular mechanism for controlling stage specificity is reiteratively used during metamorphic and reproductive responses to ecdysone.
The Ventral Photoreceptor Cells of Limulus

The ventral photoreceptors of Limulus polyphemus are unipolar cells with large, ellipsoidal somas located long both "lateral olfactory nerves. " As a consequence of their size and location, the cells are easily impaled with microelectrodes. The cells have an average resting potential of -48 mv. The resting potential is a function of the external concentration of K. When the cell is illuminated, it gives rise to the typical "receptor potential" seen in most invertebrate photoreceptors which consists of a transient phase followed by a maintained phase of depolarization. The amplitude of the transient phase depends on both the state of adaptation of the cell and the intensity of the illumination, while the amplitude of the maintained phase depends only on the intensity of the illumination. The over-all size of the receptor potential depends on the external concentration of Na, e.g. in sodium-free seawater the receptor potential is markedly reduced, but not abolished. On the other hand lowering the Ca concentration produces a marked enhancement of both components of the response, but predominantly of the steady-state component. Slow potential fluctuations are seen in the dark-adapted cell when it is illuminated with a low intensity light. A spike-like regenerative process can be evoked by either the receptor potential or a current applied via a microelectrode. No evidence of impulse activity has been found in the axons of these cells. The ventral photoreceptor cell has many properties in common with a variety of retinular cells and therefore should serve as a convenient model of the primary receptor cell in many invertebrate eyes.
Apprenticeship and Applied Theoretical Knowledge

© 2004 Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia Published by Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Oxford, UK EPAT ducational Philosophy and Theory 0013-1857 © 2004 Phi osophy of E ucation Society of Australasia November 2004 36 5 riginal Article Apprenticeship and Applie retical Knowledge Linda Cla ke & Christo h r Winch Apprenticeship and Applied Theoretical Knowledge
Volatile Anesthetic Preconditioning Attenuates Myocardial Apoptosis in Rabbits after Regional Ischemia and Reperfusion via Akt Signaling and Modulation of Bcl-2 Family Proteins

We tested whether isoflurane preconditioning inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and evaluated the role of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in anesthetic preconditioning and determined whether PI3K/Akt signaling modulates the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins in anesthetic preconditioning. Six-month-old New Zealand rabbits subjected to 40 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 180 min of reperfusion were assigned to the following groups: ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), isoflurane preconditioning and isoflurane plus PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-l-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002) (0.6 and 0.3 mg/kg i.v., respectively). Sham-operated, wortmannin + I/R, wortmannin + sham, LY294002 + I/R, and LY294002 + sham groups were also included. Infarct size was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and activated caspase-3 assays. Akt phosphorylation, Bax, Bcl-2, Bad, and phosphorylated Bad (phospho-Bad) expression was assessed by immunoblotting. Isoflurane preconditioning reduced infarct size compared with the I/R group: 22 ± 4 versus 41 ± 5% (p < 0.05). The percentage of apoptotic cells decreased in the isoflurane group (3.8 ± 1.2%) compared with the I/R group (12.4 ± 1.6%; p < 0.05). These results were also confirmed by the activated caspase-3 assay. Wortmannin and LY294002 inhibited the effects of isoflurane. Myocardial infarction increased to 44 ± 3 and 45 ± 2% and the percentage of apoptotic cells was 11.9 ± 2.1 and 11.7 ± 3.3%, respectively. Akt phosphorylation and Bcl-2 and phospho-Bad expression increased after isoflurane preconditioning, whereas Bax expression decreased. These effects were inhibited by wortmannin and LY294002. The data indicate that isoflurane preconditioning reduces infarct size and myocardial apoptosis after I/R. Activation of PI3K and modulation of the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins may play a role in isoflurane-induced myocardial protection.