Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi element synthetic aperture transmission using a frequency division approach

In synthetic aperture imaging an image is created by a number of single element defocused emissions. A low resolution image is created after every emission and a high resolution image is formed when the entire aperture has been covered. Since only one element is used at a time the energy transmitted into the tissue is low. This paper describes a novel method in which the available spectrum is divided into 2N overlapping subbands. This will assure a smooth broadband high resolution spectrum when combined. The signals are grouped into two subsets in which all signals are fully orthogonal. The transmitting elements are excited so that N virtual sources are formed. All sources are excited using one subset at a time. The signals can be separated by matched filtration, and the corresponding information is extracted. The individual source information is hence available in every emission and the method can therefore be used for flow imaging, unlike with Hadamard and Golay coding. The frequency division approach increases the SNR by a factor of N/sup 2/ compared to conventional pulsed synthetic aperture imaging, provided that N transmission centers are used. Simulations and phantom measurements are presented to verify the method.
Overview: Towards individualized treatment in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder involving distortions of thinking or perception, inappropriate or blunted affect, and cognitive deficits may evolve in the course of time. Antipsychotics are the first choice for treatment; however, interindividual variability in response and side effects are commonly observed. To avoid time‐consuming, cost‐intensive, and potentially hazardous drug treatments, clinicians should ideally anticipate which antipsychotic is the most effective and less harmful for a given patient. This form of “individualised treatment” can only succeed if specific characteristics are identified as highly associated with the favourable response. Demographical, clinical, or physiological characteristics by themselves have not been shown to predict antipsychotic drug response to a clinically meaningful extent. As genetic factors are likely to contribute substantially to the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, numerous pharmacogenetic studies have searched for associations between gene variants and antipsychotic drug response. The first generation of pharmacogenetic studies yielded mainly negative and often inconsistent findings that are most likely the result of substantial heterogeneity among studies generally using small samples. Perhaps the most robust associations were found between polymorphisms of the serotonin 2A or the dopamine 2 receptor genes with response to clozapine or conventional antipsychotics, respectively. However, effect sizes are rather small and, therefore, further research is needed that integrates recent advances in genomics, proteomics, and biostatistics. Nonetheless, these findings are consistent with the dopamine/serotonin hypothesis in schizophrenia. The continuous discovery of new gene variants and progressive methodological improvements will help elucidate the molecular pathological mechanisms in schizophrenia, and reveal new avenues for drug development research. Drug Dev. Res. 60:75–94, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Models and methods for representing and processing shape semantics Feature Ontologies for the Explicit Representation of Shape Semantics

Current CAD systems encode shape semantics as so called parametric features on different levels of abstraction. Here we discuss an approach that combines parametric modeling with techniques from the field of knowledge representation and ontological reasoning. Parametric models refer to feature ontologies that model feature semantics on several levels of granularity. On higher levels the interrelation between features and feature interoperability is captured whereas on lower levels a feature is described in terms of geometric, topological, and parametric entities. Different engineering tasks can utilize feature ontologies as a basis for application specific shape reasoning across several modeling layers.
In Whose Interests? Local Research Ethics Committees and Service User Research

In recent years, the United Kingdom has witnessed a growing emphasis on service user involvement in health and social care research as well as on the governance and ethical conduct of research. Despite this, these two developments often seem to have taken place in isolation from each other, and very few commentators to date have sought to explore the relationship between involvement and research ethics. Against this background, this paper reports findings from a small exploratory study of the membership of NHS research ethics committees in a case study English region. In particular, this revealed the dominance of medical practitioners, other health service professionals and academics, with most ‘lay’ members seen as non-experts and often either retired or serving as hospital chaplains. Despite this, there are some encouraging signs in the wider policy environment that may mean the link between service user involvement and research ethics becomes more established in the future.
Dentin bond strength of composites with self-etching adhesives using LED curing lights.

AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs) compared with halogen LCUs on the shear bond strength (SBS) of one nanofill composite (Filtek Supreme) and one microhibrid composite (Artemis) with self-etch adhesives. METHODS AND MATERIALS The buccal surfaces of 60 non-carious extracted human molars were flattened to expose dentin and, subsequently, polished for 60 seconds with 600-grit wet silicon carbide abrasive paper. Specimens were assigned into six groups (n=10) according to composite material, self-etch adhesive, and curing light used as follows: Group 1: Adper Prompt L-Pop (AP) and Filtek Supreme (FS) using an Elipar Free Light (EFL); Group 2: AP and FS using an Elipar Free Light 2 (EFL2); Group 3: AP and FS using a Hilux Expert (HE) light, Group 4: AdheSE (AS)+Artemis (AR) using an EFL; Group 5: AS+AR using an EFL2; and Group 6: AS+AR using a HE light. The specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles (5 masculineC-55 masculineC) and then loaded to failure in a Zwick universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute. SBS values were calculated as megapascals (MPa) and statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Mean SBS (+/- standard deviations) values were as follows: Group1: 15.99+/-5.18; Group 2: 18.76+/-6.71; Group 3: 17.70+/-5.04; Group 4: 16.93+/-3.99; Group 5: 18.01+/-5.19, and Group 6: 17.46+/-5.40. There were no statistically significant differences for SBS to dentin among the groups tested. CONCLUSION The LED curing lights used in the study seem to be comparable with the halogen curing light for nanofill and microhybrid composites used in conjunction with self-etching systems in dentin. The EFL2 reduces curing time, which can be considered as an advantage.
Working Memory Deficits in Children With Specific Learning Disorders

This article examines working memory functioning in children with specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills as defined by ICD-10. Ninety-seven second to fourth graders with a minimum IQ of 80 are compared using a 2 x 2 factorial (dyscalculia vs. no dyscalculia; dyslexia vs. no dyslexia) design. An extensive test battery assesses the three subcomponents of working memory described by Baddeley (1986): phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad, and central executive. Children with dyscalculia show deficits in visual-spatial memory; children with dyslexia show deficits in phonological and central executive functioning. When controlling for the influence of the phonological loop on the performance of the central executive, however, the effect is no longer significant. Although children with both reading and arithmetic disorders are consistently outperformed by all other groups, there is no significant interaction between the factors dyscalculia and dyslexia.
Managing Acting Headship: A safe pair of hands?

A questionnaire inquiry into the appointment of acting heads was carried out in 24 Scottish local authorities to explore their causes, purposes and management. Acting headships were surprisingly widespread (over 10% of primary and secondary schools) largely due to illness and secondment, promotion, retirement and resignation. Selection was largely automatic, duration variable (from three weeks to more than two years) and appointment and support policies infrequent. Appointment decisions emphasised school stability rather than development. Suggestions are made for planning, support and the creation of a pool of potential heads to take advantage of opportunities for personal, professional and school development.
Intrathecal triple therapy decreases central nervous system relapse but fails to improve event-free survival when compared with intrathecal methotrexate: results of the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) 1952 study for standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia, reported by the Children's Oncology Group.

The Children's Cancer Group (CCG) 1952 clinical trial for children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR-ALL) compared intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) with IT triples (ITT) (MTX, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone sodium succinate [HSS]) as presymptomatic central nervous system (CNS) treatment. Following remission induction, 1018 patients were randomized to receive IT MTX and 1009 ITT. Multivariate analysis identified male sex, hepatomegaly, CNS-2 status, and age younger than 2 or older than 6 years as significant predictors of isolated CNS (iCNS) relapse. The 6-year cumulative incidence estimates of iCNS relapse are 3.4% +/- 1.0% for ITT and 5.9% +/- 1.2% for IT MTX; P = . 004. Significantly more relapses occurred in bone marrow (BM) and testicles with ITT than IT MTX, particularly among patients with T-cell phenotype or day 14 BM aspirate containing 5% to 25% blasts. Thus, the estimated 6-year event-free survivals (EFS) with ITT or IT MTX are equivalent at 80.7% +/- 1.9% and 82.5% +/- 1.8%, respectively (P = .3). Because the salvage rate after BM relapse is inferior to that after CNS relapse, the 6-year overall survival (OS) for ITT is 90.3% +/- 1.5% versus 94.4% +/- 1.1% for IT MTX (P = .01). It appears that ITT improves presymptomatic CNS treatment but does not improve overall outcome.
Named Service Networking

Information Centric Networking (ICN) proposes a new paradigm converting thin waist of networking from IP packet to named chunk. In the practical implementation of multiple ICN projects, applications based on ICN may not just focus on data distribution, but also service and functional components. In this paper, an abstraction of service extensions over ICN is proposed, called Named Service Networking (NSN). It demonstrates necessary components to build functional services over ICN, including security, semantics, etc. A prototype of NSN is implemented over Named Data Networking (NDN) and evaluated to test its transmission efficiency, scalability and availability.
WINDUP PREVENTION WHEN USING DAVISON'S APPROACH TO DISTURBANCE REJECTION

Abstract Presented is a two step windup prevention scheme with proven stability for observer based compensators possibly containing signal models for disturbance rejection. If the undesired effects of input saturation can solely be attributed to badly damped or unstable compensator dynamics (controller windup), they are prevented by simple structural measures not increasing the compensator order. Only if the destabilizing influence of input saturation is attributable to plant windup, additional dynamic elements are added to the controller.
The generalized minimum spanning tree problem: Polyhedral analysis and branch‐and‐cut algorithm

This article presents a branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree Problem (GMSTP). Given an undirected graph whose vertex set is partitioned into clusters, the GMSTP consists of determining a minimum‐cost tree including exactly one vertex per cluster. Applications of the GMSTP are encountered in telecommunications. An integer linear programming formulation is presented and new classes of valid inequalities are developed, several of which are proved to be facet‐defining. A branch‐and‐cut algorithm and a tabu search heuristic are developed. Extensive computational experiments show that instances involving up to 160 or 200 vertices can be solved to optimality, depending on whether edge costs are Euclidean or random. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Caring for One's Elders and Family-to-Work Conflict

The authors investigated whether workers caring for elderly family members reported the same types of family-to-work conflict (FTW) as did workers caring for their children. The authors also tested the validities of common FTW measures using a single sample that included elder- and childcare providers. Full-time employees (e.g., staff, faculty, administrators) of a large university were surveyed; 571 useable surveys were returned. Participants included those with elder- and childcare responsibilities (n = 16), childcare but not eldercare responsibilities (n = 177), eldercare but not childcare responsibilities (n = 41), and those with neither childcare nor eldercare responsibilities (n = 330). The mean age of participants was 46 years. Elder- and childcare providers each reported time- and strain-based conflict. Childcare providers reported higher levels of FTW than did nonchildcare providers across FTW measures in this study, supporting the measures' construct validities. The authors did not find differen.
Leading for gold: social identity leadership processes at the London 2012 Olympic Games

This paper adopted a social identity approach to explore the media data of leadership figures at the London 2012 Olympic Games. Media data in the form of interviews, speeches/team announcements, and blog posts from leaders integral to the London 2012 Olympic Games were analysed from 100 days prior to, during, and for 30 days following, the Olympic Games. Leaders included Lord Seb Coe, Andy Hunt, and performance directors of TeamGB athletics (Charles van Commenee), cycling (Sir David Brailsford), rowing (David Tanner) and swimming (Michael Scott). An inductive and deductive thematic analysis identified five higher order themes: creation of team identities, team values, team vision, performance consequences and ‘we’ achieved. The analysis makes a contribution to extant leadership literature by highlighting novel contextually relevant themes surrounding leadership at the London 2012 Olympic Games. Thus, opportunities for future research and application are outlined.
The Relationship Between the Occurrence of Conflicts in the Work Unit, the Conflict Management Styles in the Work Unit and Workplace Bullying

The current study examines the relationship between the occurrence of conflicts in the work unit and conflict management styles in the work unit, and workplace bullying. First, we assume a positive relationship between the occurrence of conflicts and bullying; and that the conflict management styles 'fighting', 'avoiding' and 'yielding' associate positively and 'problem solving' associates negatively with bullying. Second, we expect that the work unit's conflict management styles moderate the relationship between the occurrence of conflicts and bullying. Results ( N = 942) revealed a positive association between the occurrence of conflicts and bullying, as well as between fighting and bullying. Problem solving related negatively with bullying. Unexpectedly, we found no moderation. Our findings suggest that particularly the occurrence of conflicts relate to bullying, which may be owed to a strong negative connotation associated with (many) conflicts at work or to its negative impact on the work unit's social climate. Organisations may also encourage problem solving and discourage fighting to prevent bullying.
DNSsec in Isabelle - Replay Attack and Origin Authentication

In this paper, we present a formal model and analysis for the security extensions of the Domain Name System (DNSsec) in the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. Based on the inductive approach of security protocol analysis by Paulson in Isabelle/HOL, we show how the protocol can be modelled and important properties are proved. We prove that origin authentication works securely. In order to illustrate that the model is adequate, we show that previous domain name requests can be replayed - as in the classical DNS -by an attacker. These replays luckily can be uniquely identified in DNSsec due to the origin authentication mechanism that we establish to enhance security.
Multi-Label Classifier Chains for Bird Sound

Bird sound data collected with unattended microphones for automatic surveys, or mobile devices for citizen science, typically contain multiple simultaneously vocalizing birds of different species. However, few works have considered the multi-label structure in birdsong. We propose to use an ensemble of classifier chains combined with a histogram-of-segments representation for multi-label classification of birdsong. The proposed method is compared with binary relevance and three multi-instance multi-label learning (MIML) algorithms from prior work (which focus more on structure in the sound, and less on structure in the label sets). Experiments are conducted on two real-world birdsong datasets, and show that the proposed method usually outperforms binary relevance (using the same features and base-classifier), and is better in some cases and worse in others compared to the MIML algorithms.
Determining Gestational Age in a Low-resource Setting: Validity of Last Menstrual Period

The validity of three methods (last menstrual period [LPM], Ballard and Dubowitz scores) for assessment of gestational age for premature infants in a low-resource setting was assessed, using antenatal ultrasound as the gold standard. It was hypothesized that LMP and other methods would perform similarly in determining postnatal gestational age. Concordance analysis was applied to data on 355 neonates of <33 weeks gestational age enrolled in a topical skin-therapy trial in a tertiary-care children's hospital in Bangladesh. The concordance coefficient for LMP, Ballard, and Dubowitz was 0.878, 0.914, and 0.886 respectively. LMP and Ballard underestimated gestational age by one day (±11) and 2.9 days (±7.8) respectively while Dubowitz overestimated gestational age by 3.9 days (±7.1) compared to ultrasound finding. LMP in a low-resource setting was a more reliable measure of gestational age than previously thought for estimation of postnatal gestational age of preterm infants. Ballard and Dubowitz scores are slightly more reliable but require more technical skills to perform. Additional prospective trials are warranted to examine LMP against antenatal ultrasound for primary assessment of neonatal gestational age in other low-resource settings.
'Stop Doing That, Ia Komu Skazala!': Language Choice and Emotions in Parent—Child Communication

The goal of this paper is to discuss the role of emotion-related factors in language choice in bi- and multilingual families. Most of the time, factors other than emotions govern language choice and use in such families, among them language dominance, social context and linguistic competence of the interlocutors. However, quantitative and qualitative analyses of bi- and multilingual parents' webquestionnaire responses suggest that perceived language emotionality and affective repertoires offered by particular languages also play a role in language choice and use in parent—child communication, in particular in emotional expression.
Multiple Organ System Defects and Transcriptional Dysregulation in the Nipbl +/− Mouse, a Model of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a multi-organ system birth defects disorder linked, in at least half of cases, to heterozygous mutations in the NIPBL gene. In animals and fungi, orthologs of NIPBL regulate cohesin, a complex of proteins that is essential for chromosome cohesion and is also implicated in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. Mice heterozygous for a gene-trap mutation in Nipbl were produced and exhibited defects characteristic of CdLS, including small size, craniofacial anomalies, microbrachycephaly, heart defects, hearing abnormalities, delayed bone maturation, reduced body fat, behavioral disturbances, and high mortality (75–80%) during the first weeks of life. These phenotypes arose despite a decrease in Nipbl transcript levels of only ∼30%, implying extreme sensitivity of development to small changes in Nipbl activity. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that Nipbl deficiency leads to modest but significant transcriptional dysregulation of many genes. Expression changes at the protocadherin beta (Pcdhb) locus, as well as at other loci, support the view that NIPBL influences long-range chromosomal regulatory interactions. In addition, evidence is presented that reduced expression of genes involved in adipogenic differentiation may underlie the low amounts of body fat observed both in Nipbl+/− mice and in individuals with CdLS.
Hereditary form of parkinsonism—dementia

In four generations of a family, 13 members were afflicted with an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by young age at onset, early weight loss, and rapidly progressive dopa‐responsive parkinsonism, followed later by dementia and, in some, by hypotension. Intellectual dysfunction began with subjective memory loss and objective visuospatial dysfunction and was followed later by decline of frontal lobe cognitive and memory functions. Neuropathological examination in 4 autopsied cases showed neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus and widespread Lewy bodies, many of them in the cerebral cortex; those in the hypothalamus and locus ceruleus were often of bizarre shapes. Other findings were vacuolation of the temporal cortex, unusual neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampus (CA 2/3), and neuronal loss in the nucleus basalis. There were no neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, or amyloid deposits. Positron emission tomography in 3 patients showed decreased striatal uptake of fluorodopa. Neurochemical analysis of an autopsied brain showed a pronounced decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity in the frontal and temporal cortices and hippocampus and a severe depletion of striatal dopamine with a pattern not typical of classic Parkinson's disease.
Characterization of Novel Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Polymer Electrolytes

Castor oil-based polyurethane as a renewable resource polymer has been synthesized for application as a host in polymer electrolyte for electrochemical devices. The polyurethane was added with LiI and NaI in different wt% to form a film of polymer electrolytes. The films were characterized by using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry and transference number measurement. The highest conductivity of 1.42 × 10−6 S cm−1 was achieved with the addition of 30 wt% LiI and 4.28 × 10−7 S·cm−1 upon addition of 30 wt% NaI at room temperature. The temperature dependence conductivity plot indicated that both systems obeyed Arrhenius law. The activation energy for the PU-LiI and PU-NaI systems were 0.13 and 0.22 eV. Glass transition temperature of the synthesized polyurethane decreased from −15.8 °C to ~ −26 to −28 °C upon salts addition. These characterizations exhibited the castor oil-based polyurethane polymer electrolytes have potential to be used as alternative membrane for electrochemical devices.