Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histotripsy beyond the “intrinsic” cavitation threshold using very short ultrasound pulses: “Microtripsy”

Conventional histotripsy uses pulses with ≥3 cycles wherein the bubble cloud formation relies on the pressure-release scattering of the positive shock fronts from sparsely distributed cavitation bubbles. In a recent work, the peak negative pressure (P(-)) threshold for the generation of dense bubble clouds directly by a negative half cycle were measured, and this threshold has been called the “intrinsic threshold. ” In this work, characteristics of lesions generated with this intrinsic threshold mechanism were investigated using RBC phantoms and excised canine tissues. A 32-element, PZT-8, 500 kHz therapy transducer was used to generate short (<2 cycles) histotripsy pulses at PRF = 1Hz and P(-) = 24.5–80.7 MPa. The results showed that the spatial extent of the histotripsy-induced lesions increased as the applied P(-) increased, and the lesion sizes corresponded well to the estimates of the focal regions above the intrinsic threshold. The sizes for the smallest reproducible lesions averaged 0.9 × 1.7mm (lateral × axial), significantly smaller than −6 dB beamwidth of the transducer (1.8 × 4.0 mm). These results suggest that predictable, well-confined and microscopic lesions can be precisely generated using the intrinsic threshold mechanism. Since the supra-threshold portion of the negative half cycle can be precisely controlled, lesions considerably less than a wavelength are easily produced (“microtripsy”).
On Newforms for Split Special Odd Orthogonal Groups

The theory of local newforms has been studied for the group of PGLn and recently PGSp4 and some other groups of small ranks. In this dissertation, we develop a newform theory for generic supercuspidal representations of SO2n+1 over non-Archimedean local fields with odd characteristic by defining a family of open compact subgroup K(p), m ≥ 0 (up to conjugacy) which are analogous to the groups Γ0(p ) in the classical theory of modular forms. We give lower bounds on the dimension of the fixed subspaces of K(p) in terms of the conductor of the generic representation, and give a conjectural description of the space of old forms. These results generalize the known cases for n = 1, 2 by Casselman [4] and Roberts and Schmidt [23].
A Structure-Based Iterative Closest Point Using Anderson Acceleration for Point Clouds with Low Overlap

The traditional point-cloud registration algorithms require large overlap between scans, which imposes strict constrains on data acquisition. To facilitate registration, the user has to strategically position or move the scanner to ensure proper overlap. In this work, we design a method of feature extraction based on high-level information to establish structure correspondences and an optimization problem. And we rewrite it as a fixed-point problem and apply the Lie algebra to parameterize the transform matrix. To speed up convergence, we introduce Anderson acceleration, an approach enhanced by heuristics. Our model attends to the structural features of the region of overlap instead of the correspondence between points. The experimental results show the proposed ICP method is robust, has a high accuracy of registration on point clouds with low overlap on a laser datasets, and achieves a computational time that is competitive with that of prevalent methods.
Deep Learning-Based Model Using DensNet201 for Mobile User Interface Evaluation

Abstract Human-centered AI plays a vital role in ensuring that human capabilities and ideas are tailored to meet efficiently the data requirements. The main idea is focusing on making machines learn from human behavior in many fields including e-learning, mobile computing, e-health. In this context, sales of mobile devices are rising every day and Mobile User Interfaces (MUI) for smartphones and tablets are attracting greater attention. In this way, there are widely development tools of new mobile services. Moreover, there are useful mobile apps that help users in their daily living such as health, entertainment, games, social networking, weather, e-learning, logistics and transport. The mobile user interfaces have become a necessity for the user’s satisfaction. In this context, the evaluation of Mobile User Interfaces (MUI) is a fundamental dimension in the success of mobile apps. Generally, there are two main classes of user interface evaluation methods: manual and automatic. The first category is conducted by users or experts to evaluate the visual design quality of MUIs. Nevertheless, it is more time-consuming task. The second category used an automatic tool, that require preconfiguration in the source code. However, this configuration is a difficult task for non-programmer evaluators. To address this issue, we propose an evaluation method based on the analysis of graphical MUI as screenshot without using the source code and user participation. The proposed method combines the Densnet201 architecture and K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) classifier to assess the MUIs. First, we apply the Borderline-SMOTE method to obtain a balanced dataset. Then, the GoogleNet is used to extract automatically the features of MUI. Finally, we apply the KNN classifier to classify the MUIs as good or bad. We evaluate this approach based on publicly available large-scale datasets. The obtained results are very promising and shows the efficiency of the proposed model with an average of 93% of accuracy. This model implemented for the mobile application designers and it aims for improving the quality of MUIs. In fact, the MUIs evaluation can decrease the misunderstanding of the user needs and improve the design and usability in order to reach the user satisfaction.
A Study of Discourse Markers Employed in College English Writing by Non-English Majors

Discourse marker is a common language phenomenon in verbal communication including parts of conjunctions, adverbs, interjections, some phrases and small words. From the perspective of grammar, these modifiers do not have many a semantic meanings and they are less related to the sentences. However, from the perspective of pragmatics and discourse, discourse marker plays the role of organizing the discourse, attracting the hearer’s attention, and expressing the emotion and attitude of the speaker. In the process of utterance generation and understanding, discourse marker works as a signal or makes the information clear so that the hearer can obtain the communicative intention of the speaker easily, thus producing the contextual effect. Based on the framework of Relevance Theory by Sperber and Wilson, this essay adopts Fraser’s classification of discourse markers, analyzing the use of discourse markers by non-English majors in Guangxi region. The result of this research shows that discourse markers indeed play a crucial role in the process of utterance generation and understanding, and the correct use of discourse markers contributes to the cohesion of discourse or text and the improvement of the student’s writing ability.
Those gravity parameters again

Curry L. , Griffith D. A. and Sheppard E. S. (1975) Those gravity parameters again, Reg. Studies 9, 289–296. The arguments presented in a recent paper by Cliff et al. (1974) as regards the relation between gravity parameters and map pattern are reassessed. First, the experimental simulation model designed to support their assertions is examined and found wanting in several fundamental aspects. Second, their statistical argument is evaluated, and it is concluded that when attention is concentrated on specification and interpretation of the parameters rather than on bias in their estimates, then the gravity specification does indeed confound spatial interaction and spatial structure.
Advancements in Artificial Intelligence for Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Systematic Review

Background: There has been a rapid increase in research applying artificial intelligence (AI) to various subspecialties of orthopaedic surgery, including foot and ankle surgery. The purpose of this systematic review is to (1) characterize the topics and objectives of studies using AI in foot and ankle surgery, (2) evaluate the performance of their models, and (3) evaluate their validity (internal or external validation). Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases in December 2022. All studies that used AI or its subsets machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in the setting of foot and ankle surgery relevant to orthopaedic surgeons were included. Studies were evaluated for their demographics, subject area, outcomes of interest, model(s) tested, model(s)’ performance, and validity (internal or external). Results: A total of 31 studies met inclusion criteria: 14 studies investigated AI for image interpretation, 13 studies investigated AI for clinical predictions, and 4 studies were grouped as “other. ” Studies commonly explored AI for ankle fractures, calcaneus fractures, hallux valgus, Achilles tendon pathologies, plantar fasciitis, and sports injuries. For studies reporting the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), AUCs ranged from 0.64 (poor) to 0.99 (excellent). Two studies (6.45%) reported external validation. Conclusion: Applications of AI in the field of foot and ankle surgery are expanding, particularly for image interpretation and clinical predictions. Current model performances range from poor to excellent, and most studies lack external validation, demonstrating a need for further research prior to deploying AI-based clinical applications. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Induced Models of Osteoarthritis in Animal Models: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary This study aimed to determine the most appropriate animal model for the study of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a common joint disease and can be induced in animal models through mechanical, surgical, or chemical methods. The study conducted a literature review of articles from January 2010 to July 2021 on various databases such as Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar. After reviewing 1621 articles, 36 studies were selected that included a total of 1472 animals. The results showed that various induction models, including mechanical, surgical, and chemical, have been proven to be suitable for inducing OA in animals. However, there is still not a clear "gold standard" for choosing the best animal model for OA. This study provides valuable information for researchers to make informed decisions about the appropriate animal model for their specific OA research questions. The findings of this study will be valuable to society by helping to advance our understanding of OA and develop better treatments for this debilitating disease. Abstract The most common induction methods for OA are mechanical, surgical and chemical. However, there is not a gold standard in the choice of OA animal models, as different animals and induction methods are helpful in different contexts. Reporting the latest evidence and results in the literature could help researchers worldwide to define the most appropriate indication for OA animal-model development. This review aims to better define the most appropriate animal model for various OA conditions. The research was conducted on the following literature databases: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Studies reporting cases of OA in animal models and their induction from January 2010 to July 2021 were included in the study and reviewed by two authors. The literature search retrieved 1621 articles, of which 36 met the selection criteria and were included in this review. The selected studies included 1472 animals. Of all the studies selected, 8 included information about the chemical induction of OA, 19 were focused on mechanical induction, and 9 on surgical induction. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that several induction models, mechanical, surgical and chemical, have been proven suitable for the induction of OA in animals.
Time delay systems with distributed delays: Critical values

Abstract In this paper a procedure for the computation of Lyapunov matrix of a time delay systems with a distributed delay is presented. This algorithm consist in solving a two points boundary value problem for a delay free system. Based on this approach a methodology that reveals conditions under which the characteristic function of the delay system has a root s 0 such that — s 0 is also a root of the characteristic function of the delay free system is also given.
Musculoskeletal Health Complaints and Associated Risk Factors in Freshmen Music Students

Background: Evidence concerning the development of musculoskeletal health complaints (MHCs) among music students is limited due to inappropriate study designs. We aimed to assess the occurrences of MHCs and associated risk factors in freshmen music students compared to students from other disciplines. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted. Risk factors such as pain-related, physical, and psychosocial variables were measured at baseline. Episodes of MHCs were recorded monthly. Results: A total of 146 music students and 191 students from other disciplines were analyzed. In the cross-sectional comparison, pain-related, physical, and psychosocial variables were significantly altered in music students compared to students from other disciplines. Furthermore, music students with current MHCs differed significantly from music students without current MHCs with respect to physical health, pain, and history of MHCs. Our longitudinal analysis showed that monthly MHCs were higher in music students compared to students from other disciplines. Independent predictors for monthly MHCs in music students were current MHCs and reduced physical function. Predictors for MHCs in students from other disciplines were a history of MHCs and stress. Conclusions: We provided insight into the development of MHCs and risk factors in music students. This may help in the creation of targeted, evidence-based prevention and rehabilitation.
PREDICTOR: A Physical emulatoR enabling safEty anD ergonomICs evaluation and Training of physical human-rObot collaboRation

Safety and ergonomics of Physical Human-Robot Collaboration (PHRC) are crucial to make human-robot collaborative systems trustworthy and make a significant impact in real-world applications. One big obstacle to the development of relevant research is the lack of a general platform for evaluating the safety and ergonomics of proposed PHRC systems. This paper aims to create a Physical emulatoR enabling safEty anD ergonomICs evaluation and Training of physical human-rObot collaboRation (PREDICTOR). PREDICTOR consists of a dual-arm robot system and a VR headset as its hardware and contains physical simulation, haptic rendering and visual rendering modules as its software. The dual-arm robot system is used as an integrated admittance-type haptic device, which senses the force/torque applied by a human operator as an input to drive the simulation of a PHRC system and constrains the handles' motion to match their virtual counterparts in the simulation. The motion of the PHRC system in the simulation is fed back to the operator through the VR headset. PREDICTOR combines haptics and VR to emulate PHRC tasks in a safe environment since the interactive forces are monitored to avoid any risky events. PREDICTOR also brings flexibility as different PHRC tasks can be easily set up by changing the PHRC system model and the robot controller in the simulation. The effectiveness and performance of PREDICTOR were evaluated by experiments.
Stability of quantum motion in chaotic and regular systems

The evolution of a quantum state is altered when a small perturbation is added to the Hamiltonian. As time progresses, the overlap of the perturbed and unperturbed states gives an indication of the stability of quantum motion. It is shown that if a quantum system has a classically chaotic analog, this overlap tends to a very small value, with small fluctuations. On the other hand, if the classical analog is regular, the overlap remains appreciable (on a time average) and its fluctuations are much larger.
Unveiling the Pharmacological and Nanotechnological Facets of Daidzein: Present State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

Herbal drugs have been attracting much scientific interest in the last few decades and nowadays, phytoconstituents-based research is in progress to disclose their unidentified medicinal potential. Daidzein (DAI) is the natural phytoestrogen isoflavone derived primarily from leguminous plants, such as the soybean and mung bean, and its IUPAC name is 4′,7-dihydroxyisoflavone. This compound has received great attention as a fascinating pharmacophore with remarkable potential for the therapeutic management of several diseases. Certain pharmacokinetic properties of DAI such as less aqueous solubility, low permeability, and poor bioavailability are major obstacles restricting the therapeutic applications. In this review, distinctive physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetics of DAI has been elucidated. The pharmacological applications in treatment of several disorders like oxidative stress, cancer, obesity, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, diabetes, ovariectomy, anxiety, and inflammation with their mechanism of action are explained. Furthermore, this review article comprehensively focuses to provide up-to-date information about nanotechnology-based formulations which have been investigated for DAI in preceding years which includes polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carrier, polymer-lipid nanoparticles, nanocomplexes, polymeric micelles, nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, liposomes, and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems.
HK-band imaging polarimetry and radiative transfer modeling of the massive young stellar object CRL 2136

Aims. We investigate the physical properties of the dust environment of the massive proto-stellar object CRL 2136 by means of two-dimensional radiative transfer modeling, which combines fitting of the spectral energy distribution, the intensity images, and the polarization images. Methods. We obtained polarimetric images of CRL 2136 in the H and K bands using the CIAO instrument on the 8 m Subaru telescope. We developed a new Monte Carlo code which can deal with multiple-grain models and computes the SED, the dust temperature, and the Stokes IQUV images. With this code, we performed two-dimensional modeling of CRL 2136’s circumstellar disk and envelope. Results. Our images show a compact infrared source, two bright lobes extending towards the south and east, and two faint lobes extending towards the northwest and west. The polarization images show a polarization disk near the central star with a position angle of ∼−135 ◦ , a polarization vector alignment approximately parallel to the polarization disk, and a region with low polarization between the eastern and the southern lobes. In our modeling, we assume three grain models: bare grains, warm grains with a crystalline water ice mantle, and cold grains with an amorphous water ice mantle. We obtained a maximum grain core size of 0.45 μm. We found that the CRL 2136 disk has a low disk mass of 0.007 M� , a large radius of 2000 AU, a scale height of 1.0, and a low accretion rate of ✭
Propagation constant of weakly guiding optical fibers: a new eigenvalue condition

After Laplace transforming the reduced radial Helmholtz equation for a weakly guiding optical fiber, we derive an eigenvalue condition for its propagation constant. It is expressed in terms of the ratio of two Laplace-transformation integrals. We show the usefulness of this new condition in connection with the numerical solution of the scalar Helmholtz equation.
Tracer simulation using a global general circulation model: Results from a midlatitude instantaneous source experiment

Abstract An 11-level general circulation model with seasonal variation is used to perform an experiment on the dispersion of passive tracers. Specially constructed time-dependent winds from this model are used as input to a separate tracer model. The methodologies employed to construct the tracer model are described. The experiment presented is the evolution of a hypothetical instantaneous source of tracer on 1 January with maximum initial concentration at 65 mb, 36°N, 180°E. The tracer is assumed to have no sources or sinks in the stratosphere, but is subject to removal processes in the lower troposphere. The experimental results reveal a number of similarities to observed tracer behavior, including the average poleward-downward slope of mixing ratio isopleths, strong tracer gradients across the tropopause, intrusion of tracer into the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere, and the long-term interhemispheric exchange rate. The model residence times show behavior intermediate to those exhibited for parti.
Ring opening polymerisation of ɛ-caprolactone with novel microwave magnetic heating and cyto-compatible catalyst

We report on the ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone incorporated with a magnetic susceptible catalyst, FeCl3, via the use of microwave magnetic heating (HH) which primarily heats the bulk with a magnetic field (H-field) from an electromagnetic field (EMF). Such a process was compared to more commonly used heating methods, such as conventional heating (CH), i.e., oil bath, and microwave electric heating (EH), which is also referred to as microwave heating that primarily heats the bulk with an electric field (E-field). We identified that the catalyst is susceptible to both the E-field and H-field heating, and promoted the heating of the bulk. Which, we noticed such promotion was a lot more significant in the HH heating experiment. Further investigating the impact of such observed effects in the ROP of ɛ-caprolactone, we found that the HH experiments showed a more significant improvement in both the product Mwt and yield as the input power increased. However, when the catalyst concentration was reduced from 400:1 to 1600:1 (Monomer:Catalyst molar ratio), the observed differentiation in the Mwt and yield between the EH and the HH heating methods diminished, which we hypothesized to be due to the limited species available that were susceptible to microwave magnetic heating. But comparable product results between the HH and EH heating methods suggest that the HH heating method along with a magnetic susceptible catalyst could be an alternative solution to overcome the penetration depth problem associated with the EH heating methods. The cytotoxicity of the produced polymer was investigated to identify its potential application as biomaterials.
Quasiparticle heterodyne mixing in SIS tunnel junctions

The rapid onset of quasiparitcle tunneling current in superconductor‐insulator‐superconductor (Josephson) junctions at voltages above 2Δ/e is being used for millimeter‐wave heterodyne mixing. Junctions with a 2‐μm diameter and RN=50 Ω have little capacitive shunting at the signal frequency of 36 GHz. Because there is no series resistance, residual capacitance can be tuned out. Double sideband conversion efficiencies of 0.32 and mixer noise temperatures as low as TM⩽7 K=4hν/k have been observed. The results are compared with shot‐noise‐limited mixer theory. Photon‐assisted tunneling effects are seen which indicate the approach to photon‐noise‐limited operation.