Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image reconstructions of helical assemblies of the HIV-1 CA protein

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An SNP map of the human genome generated by reduced representation shotgun sequencing

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Delayed activation of the paternal genome during seed development

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Frontiers in Dentistry

Objectives: Hardness is relevant to the degree of conversion (DC) and depth of cure (DoC). The aim of this study was to determine the micro-hardness and DoC of conventional and bulk-fill composite resins in class II restorations using metal and clear matrix bands. Materials and Methods: Twelve specimens of each of the two composite resins, i.e. , Filtek Z350 XT bulk-fill and Gradia posterior conventional composite, were prepared in the form of a class II cavity in a tooth mold, using a clear or metal matrix band. All specimens were cured and stored at 37°C for 24 hours. Vickers hardness was measured as a function of DoC at 2mm intervals. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (alpha=0.05). Results: The bulk-fill composite exhibited significantly higher hardness levels than the conventional composite in all tested surfaces (P<0.001). However, while the metal matrix band had a significant impact on the bottom surface (P=0.059) and also on the furthest surface from the matrix and light source (P=0.04), it did not have a consistent effect across all tested surfaces. The simultaneous interaction of the composites and matrix band types in all surfaces, did not show significant differences in hardness values. The highest bottom-to-top surface hardness ratio (73%) was observed in the conventional composite near the metal matrix band. Conclusion: In deep class II cavities, the bottom-to-top surface hardness ratio did not reach the maximum of 80%, neither for bulk-fill nor conventional posterior composites. Therefore, in such cavities extended light-curing and more incremental composite placement is needed.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Systematic Review Objectives: This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of different finishing and polishing (F/P) systems on surface roughness (SR) and microbial adhesion to bulk fill (BF) composites. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of 3 databases (the National Library of Medicine [MEDLINE/PubMed], Scopus, and ScienceDirect) was conducted. Only in vitro studies that evaluated SR and microbial adhesion to BF composites were included. The included studies were individually evaluated for the risk of bias following predetermined criteria. A meta-analysis of the reviewed studies was conducted to compare the SR values of both Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill with and without F/P using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: A total of 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill without F/P or after F/P using multi-step systems. Different F/P systems affected the SR values, on the other hand, did not affect microbial adhesion values. Conclusion: Both Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill had comparable roughness results. Multi-step systems may be preferable for F/P of BF composites.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by pain or discomfort in the temporomandibular joint, periauricular region, masticatory muscles, and neck on one or both sides. It may also be associated with joint sounds, restricted mandibular movements and mandibular deviation. Oxidative agents may have a deleterious role in the pathogenesis of joint diseases, and oxidative stress can lead to TMD. The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative stress biomarkers in the saliva of TMD patients and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 30 patients with TMDs (5 males and 25 females) with a mean age of 30.7±13.2 years, and 30 healthy controls (5 males and 25 females) with a mean age of 29.16±11.2 years. Saliva samples were collected according to the standard protocol and the total antioxidant capacity of the saliva (non-enzymatic), catalase activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the ferric reducing ability of plasma, Aebi’s method, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Finally, The MDA levels were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. Other quantitative parameters were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: TMD patients had significantly higher salivary levels of MDA compared to the control group (P=0.001). But there were no significant differences in catalase (P=0.49) and total antioxidant capacity (P=0.22) of TMD patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: It seems that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of TMDs.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index and enamel cracks in bonding and rebonding of brackets to enamel, conditioned with erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser and conventional acid-etching. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two bovine lower incisors were randomly divided into four groups consisting of group 1 (acid-conditioning in both bondings), group 2 (acid-conditioning in first and laser-conditioning in second bonding), group 3 (laserconditioning in firstand acid-conditioning in second bonding), and group 4 (laserconditioning in both bondings). After bracket placement, the samples were thermocycled and tested for SBS in both bonding procedures. Adhesive remnant index scores and enamel cracks were also determined. Tukey's test and one-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis (P<0.05). Results: Mean SBS in the first bonding was 23.59MPa in groups 1 and 2, and 6.9MPa in groups 3 and 4. (P<0.001). The acid-etched teeth had a significantly lower SBS in rebonding, regardless of the reconditioning method (P<0.001). The SBS of the teeth conditioned with Er:YAG laser in the first bonding did not show significant changes in rebonding, although mean SBS was higher compared to the first bonding (P=0.675). Bonding most often failed at the enamel-adhesive interface and enamel cracks were observed in a few teeth. Conclusion: The method of primary enamel preparation can affect SBS in rebonding. Based on our results, the mean SBS of Er:YAG-conditioned groups was clinically acceptable in bonding and rebonding, although it was lower compared to the acidetched samples.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: Dental caries is a common chronic disease amongst children and are typically evaluated using the DMFT/deft index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth for permanent dentition/decayed, extracted, and filled teeth for primary dentition). To address the limitations associated with these indices, alternative assessment tools such as the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index and Ora test have been developed. These methods aim to estimate caries activity within the oral cavity more accurately. The objective of our study was to evaluate and correlate caries activity in 5-to-8-year-old children using Ora test and CAST index. Materials and Methods: Thirty schoolchildren between the ages of 5 and 8 years were selected and allocated into two groups (n=15) with DMFT/deft scores of <5 (group A) and >5 (group B). Two separate blinded examiners administered the assessments by first determining CAST scoring, which was followed by Ora test. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and significance was set at P≤0.05. Results: The mean time for color change of Ora test, was 118.53±23.28 minutes in group A and 53.33±15.07 minutes in group B. CAST severity scores were 3.67±2.08 and 15.7±9.70 for groups A and B, respectively. Time taken for color change in Ora test and CAST scores showed a significant negative linear relationship (P=0.039). Conclusion: Based on the negative correlation between CAST scores and Ora test, it may be postulated that microbial activity is directly related to caries activity in 5-to-8-year-old children.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: This study aimed to compare the transportation of the mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molars following root canal preparation with HyFlex CM (HCM) and Edge Taper Platinum (ETP) rotary systems and stainless steel (SS) hand files using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was performed on 48 maxillary molars in three groups of 16. The teeth were mounted in acrylic blocks, and root canals were prepared using HCM in group 1 (up to #30/0.06), ETP in group 2 (up to F3/0.06), and SS hand files in group 3 (up to #30). CBCT scans were taken before and after root canal preparation. The amount of canal transportation was measured at 0, 3, 6, and 9mm from the apex. Data were analyzed using KruskalWallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The difference in canal transportation at 0 and 6mm from the apex was significant between the HCM and ETP groups (P=0.031 and 0.023) but none of the systems showed any significant difference with hand files at 0and 6-mm levels (P=0.10, 0.56, 0.22, and 0.50), respectively. At 3mm from the apex, no significant difference was noted among the groups (P=0.30). At the 9-mm level, the amount of canal transportation was not significantly different between HCM and ETP (P=0.83) but they showed significant differences with hand files (P<0.001). Conclusion: ETP and HCM caused less canal transportation at the curvature of the mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molars compared to hand files. ETP showed superior efficacy in root canal preparation compared to HCM.
Please Scroll down for Article International Journal of Geographical Information Science Image-based Quality Assessment of Road Databases Image-based Quality Assessment of Road Databases Significantly Enhanced and Extended Version of Gerke and Heipke (2006)

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. In this paper an approach to the automatic quality assessment of existing geo-spatial data is presented. The necessary reference information is derived automatically from up-to-date digital remotely sensed images using image analysis methods. The focus is on the quality assessment of roads as these are among the most frequently changing objects in the landscape. In contrast to existing approaches for quality control of road data, the data to be assessed and the objects extracted from the images are modelled and processed together. A geometric-topologic relationship model for the roads and their surroundings is defined. Context objects such as rows of trees support the quality assessment of road vector data as they may explain gaps in road extraction. The extraction and explicit incorporation of these objects in the assessment of a given road database give stronger support for or against its correctness. During the assessment existing relations between road objects from the database and extracted objects are compared to the modelled relations. The certainty measures of the objects are integrated into this comparison. Normally, more than one extracted object gives evidence for a road database object; therefore, a reasoning algorithm which combines evidence given by the extracted objects is used. If the majority of the total evidence argues for the database object and if a certain amount of this database object is covered by extracted objects, the database object is assumed to be correct, i.e. it is accepted, otherwise it is rejected. The procedure is embedded into a two-stage graph-based approach which exploits the connectivity of roads and results in a reduction of false alarms. The algorithms may be incorporated into a semi-automatic environment, where a human operator only checks those objects that have been rejected. …
Please Scroll down for Article International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education the Leeway of Qualitative Educational Research: a Case Study the Leeway of Qualitative Educational Research: a Case Study

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. This article presents a case study into the question of how research-internal and research-external factors in uence the leeway of qualitative research, and ultimately determine which questions can and cannot be addressed in research. First an overview is presented of the position of qualiative research in the eld of education in The Netherlands. This position is then analysed by situating educational research in the particular research political context. In the second part of the article the authors focus on e ¶ ective schools research, one of the strongest research programmes in Dutch educational studies, in order to show the consequences of the lack of a qualitative tradition.
On Anomalous Sea Surface Temperatures in the Nordic Seas

Abstract Gridded sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure, 10-m wind field, and ice concentration data from the winters 1982–98 are used in a study of the large-scale variability of the SSTs in the Nordic Seas. Mean fields are extracted and areas of maximum variability identified. A complex principal component analysis is applied to identify coherent structure of variability in the SST field. The leading mode, accounting for 39% of the variance, reveals a band of high correlations at increasing phase lags along the west coast of Norway, across the Greenland Sea, and south through the Denmark Strait. The SST data contain two cycles of low-frequency variability during the 17 winters studied, having approximately 5-yr and 12-yr periods. For the eastern parts of the Nordic Seas, propagation speeds agree with other transport estimates. This indicates that SST anomalies are representing upper ocean heat anomalies advected by the mean flow from north of Scotland toward the Barents Sea. This is not true .
SPATIAL MODELING AND UNIT HYDROGRAPH DEVELOPMENT WITH RADAR RAINFALL

Title of Document: SPATIAL MODELING AND UNIT HYDROGRAPH DEVELOPMENT WITH RADAR RAINFALL Stephanie Nicole Rew, Master of Science, 2009 Directed By: Dr. Richard H. McCuen, Civil and Environmental Engineering Most hydrologic models use point rainfall data. Point data do not account for spatial characteristics of a storm. This research investigated the be nefits of spatiallyand temporally-varying rainfall data. Semivariogram analyses were m ad to assess the importance of the following storm characteristics: size, shape, type, and velocity. Rainfall and flow gage data from the aridlands Walnut Gulch Watershed and regiona l data were used. A model was developed to estimate transmission losses (TL) usin g hydrograph routing (temporally-varying data), then a procedure was developed to use radar rainfall data (spatially-varying data) to develop unit hydrographs (UH). Exponentially shaped UHs resulted from TLs. UHs developed from radar data agre ed closely with Thiessen-averaged UHs developed from rain gage data, indicati g that radar UHs better represented the overall watershed processes than a UH ba sed on single rain gage. Therefore, accurate UHs can be developed from radar data. SPATIAL MODELING AND UNIT HYDROGRAPH DEVELOPMENT WITH RADAR RAINFALL
A RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR A TYPOLOGY OF ATOLL LAGOONS: STRATEGY m FIRST RESULTS

A research program is in progress to relate the morphological characteristics of atolls to the functioning of their lagoons. For that purpose, twelve atolls of contrasting morphology have been selected in the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. The chemical and biological characteristics of the water and sediments of each atoll as well as their planktonic, benthic and fish communities were collected during 6 oceanographic cruises. As water parameters differ more between than within lagoons, it is possible to rank the different lagoons using the mean value of each parameter. Their ranking order can be related to the atoll morphology and to the intensity of water exchanges with the open ocean. Macrobenthic and fish communities display a heterogeneous distribution within lagoons according to biotopes, but their structure differs between lagoons when similar biotopes are compared. The results of such a program, relating morphology to functioning, could be applied to many of the other 413 existing atolls in order to provide general framework for a rational management of their lagoons.