Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A framework for measurability of security

Having an effective security level for Embedded System (ES), helps a reliable and stable operation of this system. In order to identify, if the current security level for a given ES is effective or not, we need a proactive evaluation for this security level. The evaluation of the security level for ESs is not straightforward process, things like the heterogeneity among the components of ES complicate this process. One of the productive approaches, which overcame the complexity of evaluation for Security, Privacy and Dependability (SPD) is the Multi Metrics (MM). As most of SPD evaluation approaches, the MM approach bases on the experts knowledge for the basic evaluation. Regardless of its advantages, experts evaluation has some drawbacks, which foster the need for less experts-dependent evaluation. In this paper, we propose a framework for security measurability as a part of security, privacy and dependability evaluation. The security evaluation based on Multi Metric (MM) approach as being an effective approach for evaluations, thus, we call it MM framework. The art of evaluation investigated within MM framework, based also on systematic storing and retrieving of experts knowledge. Using MM framework, the administrator of the ES could evaluate and enhance the S-level of their system, without being an expert in security.
LcrV Delivered via Type III Secretion System of Live Attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Enhances Immunogenicity against Pneumonic Plague

ABSTRACT Here, we constructed a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutant strain with arabinose-dependent regulated and delayed shutoff of crp expression (araC PBAD crp) and replacement of the msbB gene with the Escherichia coli msbB gene to attenuate it. Then, we inserted the asd mutation into this construction to form χ10057 [Δasd-206 ΔmsbB868::PmsbB msbB (EC) ΔPcrp21::TT araC PBAD crp] for use with a balanced-lethal Asd-positive (Asd+) plasmid to facilitate antigen synthesis. A hybrid protein composed of YopE (amino acids [aa]1 to 138) fused with full-length LcrV (YopENt138-LcrV) was synthesized in χ10057 harboring an Asd+ plasmid (pYA5199, yopENt138-lcrV) and could be secreted through a type III secretion system (T3SS) in vitro and in vivo. Animal studies indicated that mice orally immunized with χ10057(pYA5199) developed titers of IgG response to whole-cell lysates of Y. pestis (YpL) and subunit LcrV similar to those seen with χ10057(pYA3332) (χ10057 plus an empty plasmid). However, only immunization of mice with χ10057(pYA5199) resulted in a significant secretory IgA response to LcrV. χ10057(pYA5199) induced a higher level of protection (80% survival) against intranasal (i.n.) challenge with ∼240 median lethal doses (LD50) (2.4 × 104 CFU) of Y. pestis KIM6+(pCD1Ap) than χ10057(pYA3332) (40% survival). Splenocytes from mice vaccinated with χ10057(pYA5199) produced significant levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) after restimulation with LcrV and YpL antigens. Our results suggest that it is possible to use an attenuated Y. pseudotuberculosis strain delivering the LcrV antigen via the T3SS as a potential vaccine candidate against pneumonic plague.
Solubilidad del bióxido de carbono en agua en condiciones geotérmicas

Las correlaciones de solubilidad del sistema H20-C02 aplicadas hasta el presente en la simulación numerica de flujos en yacimientos y pozos geotermicos no son cuantitativamente confiables. Esto se debe, en gran medida, al desacuerdo entre los resultados experimentales y los modelos. Proponemos un modelo de solubilidad termodinámica para la solubilidad del bióxido de carbono en agua. El modelo propuesto es vaJ.ido hasta 3500C y 500 bar. Se adopta una ecuaci6n de estado para la mezcla gaseosa que representa realistamente el comportamiento no ideal de ambas componentes dentro del intervalo P-T de validez del modelo. Se incluyen los efectos de la temperatura y de la presion sobre la solubilidad del C02 en la fase líquida. El modelo propuesto ajusta satisfactoriamente los datos experimentales de equilibrio de fases disponibles para el sistema H20-C02, sin presentar el severo conflicto entre la linealidad del modelo y la alinealidad de los datos evidente en modelos precedentes. El modelo representa bien las complejidades del equilibrio de fases del sistema H20-C02 en el intervalo de temperatura-presion escogidos.doi: sin doi
An Information Accuracy Based Mesh Division Mechanism for Cognitive Pilot Channel

In the beyond 3G (B3G) radio environment, the cooperation of different wireless technologies has become an irreversible trend. The challenge for reconfigurable terminal is how to select an appropriate Radio Access Technology (RAT) in a multi-RATs environment. Successful selection establishes on full cognizing of surrounding radio environment, however, the cognitive process causes extra burden to terminals. To solve this problem, the Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) is proposed to send necessary network information to terminals. In this solution, to ensure reliability of CPC information and raise working efficiency, the coverage region of CPC is divided into several meshes. Network information is collected and saved in accordance with mesh, and terminals receive corresponding mesh information according to their location. Reasonable mesh division mechanism could highly raise CPC working efficiency. Under these considerations, this paper focuses on the information selecting approach as well as information accuracy based mesh division mechanism. The key factors, which affect information accuracy, are highlighted and discussed. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can dynamically adapt to changing environment and ensure high information accuracy.
Sexual selection explains sex-specific growth plasticity and positive allometry for sexual size dimorphism in a reef fish

In 1950, Rensch noted that in clades where males are the larger sex, sexual size dimorphism (SSD) tends to be more pronounced in larger species. This fundamental allometric relationship is now known as ‘Rensch's rule’. While most researchers attribute Rensch's rule to sexual selection for male size, experimental evidence is lacking. Here, we suggest that ultimate hypotheses for Rensch's rule should also apply to groups of individuals and that individual trait plasticity can be used to test those hypotheses experimentally. Specifically, we show that in the sex-changing fish Parapercis cylindrica, larger males have larger harems with larger females, and that SSD increases with harem size. Thus, sexual selection for male body size is the ultimate cause of sexual size allometry. In addition, we experimentally illustrate a positive relationship between polygyny potential and individual growth rate during sex change from female to male. Thus, sexual selection is the ultimate cause of variation in growth rate, and variation in growth rate is the proximate cause of sexual size allometry. Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence in support of the sexual selection hypothesis for Rensch's rule and highlight the potential importance of individual growth modification in the shaping of morphological patterns in Nature.
Experiments and analysis to characterize logic state retention limitations in 28nm process node

Mobile devices spend most of the time in standby mode. Supported features and functionalities are increasing in each newer model. With the wide spread adaptation of multitasking in mobile devices, retaining current status and data for all active tasks is critical for user satisfaction. Extending battery life in portable mobile devices necessitates the use of minimum possible energy in standby mode while retaining present states for all active tasks. This paper for the first time, explains the low voltage data-retention failure mechanism in flops. It analyzes the impact of design and process parameters on the data retention failure. Statistical nature of data retention failure is established and validated with extensive Monte-Carlo simulations across various process corners. Finally, silicon measurement from several 28nm industrial mobile chips is presented showing good correlation of retention failure prediction from simulation.
Autoregulation in Acute Focal Ischemia An Experimental Study

The autoregulatory capacity of areas of the cerebral circulation subjected to ischemia by acute middle cerebral occlusion has been assessed in experimental primates. Autoregulation was tested to a risein blood pressure induced by aramine, and to a fall in blood pressure induced by exsanguination. Whole hemisphere autoregulation was substantially disturbed due to both increased blood pressure and lowered blood pressure, but fractionation of this response indicated that autoregulation to increased blood pressure was preserved in the parasagittal and intermediate zones of the hemisphere, and totally lost in the region of the sylvian opercula where middle cerebral occlusion had produced the most dense ischemia. In relation to reduced perfusion pressure, autoregulation was again widely impaired and assessment of the degree of impairment by areas indicated no significant difference between the areas of the sylvian opercula and the remainderof the lateral aspect of the hemisphere studied. Where the degree of ischemia in each individual electrode was assessed, however, it appeared that the degree of autoregulatory loss to decreased perfusion pressure was dependent upon the intensity of ischemia, and autoregulation was partially preserved in electrodes whose immediate post-occlusion flow values were greater than 40% of basal Row, but absent in electrodes whose flow values were less than 20% of basal flow. Retransfusion following exsanguination in animals with acute middle cerebral occlusion indicated that there was a linear relationship betweenthe degree of reperfusion achieved by retransfusion and the intensity of ischemia induced by exsanguination following middle cerebral occlusion. Thus there was some support for the no-reflow phenomenon in intensely ischemic areas.
Time variability of the Earth's gravity field: Hydrological and oceanic effects and their possible detection using GRACE

The GRACE satellite mission, scheduled for launch in 2001, is designed to map out the Earth's gravity field to high accuracy every 2–4 weeks over a nominal lifetime of 5 years. Changes in the gravity field are caused by the redistribution of mass within the Earth and on or above its surface. GRACE will thus be able to constrain processes that involve mass redistribution. In this paper we use output from hydrological, oceanographic, and atmospheric models to estimate the variability in the gravity field (i.e., in the geoid) due to those sources. We develop a method for constructing surface mass estimates from the GRACE gravity coefficients. We show the results of simulations, where we use synthetic GRACE gravity data, constructed by combining estimated geophysical signals and simulated GRACE measurement errors, to attempt to recover hydrological and oceanographic signals. We show that GRACE may be able to recover changes in continental water storage and in seafloor pressure, at scales of a few hundred kilometers and larger and at timescales of a few weeks and longer, with accuracies approaching 2 mm in water thickness over land, and 0.1 mbar or better in seafloor pressure.
Superoxide enhances NaK-2 Cl cotransporter activity in the thick ascending limb

Juncos, Ramiro, and Jeffrey L. Garvin. Superoxide enhances Na-K2Cl cotransporter activity in the thick ascending limb. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288: F982–F987, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00348. 2004. —Superoxide (O2 ) enhances Na reabsorption by the thick ascending limb (THAL). Na absorption in this segment involves the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, K channel, and Na-K-ATPase. We hypothesized that O2 stimulates NaCl absorption primarily by enhancing Na-K-2Cl cotransport. First, we measured steady-state intracellular Na (Nai) and chloride (Cli). Xanthine oxidase (XO; 0.75 mU/ml) and hypoxanthine (HX; 0.125 mM) were added to the bath to increase O2 . During the control period, Nai was 12.2 1.9 mM. After treatment with O2 , it rose to 20.9 3.3 mM, a 71% increase (P 0.01). Cli also increased (P 0.01). Neither XO nor HX alone had a significant effect on Nai or Cli. Next, we tested cotransport activity by measuring the initial rate of increase in Nai caused by changing luminal Na-Cl-K from 50/0/0 to 140/134/4 mM. During the control period, the initial rate of increase was 0.13 0.02 arbitrary units (AU)/min. After treatment with O2 , it was 0.22 0.04 AU/min (P 0.025), a 69% increase. Neither XO nor HX alone had a significant effect. Furosemide completely blocked the increase in intracellular Na in the control and O2 treatment periods. Next, we studied K channel activity by measuring the depolarization caused by increasing luminal K from 1 to 25 mM using a voltage-sensitive dye. During the control period, maximum depolarization was 7.31 0.77 AU. After O2 treatment, it was 6.18 0.90 AU (P 0.05), a 15% decrease. Finally, we assessed the effects of O2 on Na-K-ATPase activity in THAL suspensions by measuring ATP hydrolysis. Vmax and K1/2 for Na were not affected by O2 . We concluded that O2 stimulates THAL NaCl absorption primarily by enhancing Na entry via Na-K-2Cl cotransport.
Microwear Analysis of a Sample of 100 Chipped Stone Artifacts from the 1971–1977 Excavations at the Seip Earthworks

Abstract A sample of 100 lithic artifacts from seven excavation blocks at the Seip Earthworks was examined for microwear traces. None of the artifacts from Block VII had any microwear traces, but one third of the artifacts from the other six blocks were used for 35 different tasks. All of the drills, bifaces, and scrapers, as well as 60% of the points, 11% of the cores, 50% of the core rejuvenation flakes, 15% of the bladelets, and 3% of the flakes were examined. Most of the utilized Hopewell artifacts were used on fresh hide and/or meat and bone (32%) or dry hide (26%). Seven artifacts were used on bone, stone, or shell (20%), and two tools were used to work bone or antler (6%). Only one Hopewell artifact was used to cut plants or soft wood (3%). The rest of the utilized artifacts in the Seip sample are probably not associated with the Hopewellian occupations. The tools seem to have been used in an expedient fashion. There was no evidence for specialized activities in any of the Seip structures. Almost all of the lithic artifacts were found in secondary contexts. The range of identified activities is consistent with microwear results from other Hopewell sites, but plant processing and wood-working are underrepresented.
Polyamines Increase Antibiotic Susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen. Treatment is complicated by frequent acquired resistance to antipseudomonal therapies. Polyamines (cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are ubiquitous polycationic compounds essential for all living organisms. In a dose-dependent manner, polyamines increased the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to 14 β-lactam antibiotics, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim as demonstrated by a reduction in MIC of up to 64-fold. This effect was partially antagonized (25 to 50%) by the presence of 10 mM of Mg2+ or Ca2+. In contrast, the effects of the outer membrane permeabilizers, polymyxin B nonapeptide and EDTA, were completely abolished by 3 mM Mg2+ or Ca2+. Changes on the outer membrane barrier by these compounds were assessed by activity measurements of periplasmic β-lactamase. The results showed that while EDTA and polymyxin B serve as outer membrane disorganizing agents as expected, exogenous spermidine and spermine did not exhibit any apparent effect on outer membrane permeability or rupture. In summary, these results strongly suggest that the increased antibiotic susceptibility by polyamines is exerted by a mechanism that differs from that of EDTA and polymyxin B. Polyamines might be potentially useful in antipseudomonal therapies by increasing the effectiveness of certain β-lactam antibiotics.
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) flight system design and operations overview

This paper provides an overview of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM), with emphasis on flight system implementation and mission operations from systems engineering perspective. Successfully flown in February, 2000, the SRTM's primary payload consists of several subsystems to form the first spaceborne dual-frequency (C- band and X-band) fixed baseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR0 system, with the mission objective to acquire data sets over 80% of Earth's landmass for height reconstruction. The paper provides system architecture, unique design features, engineering budgets, design verification, in-flight checkout and data acquisition of the SRTM payload, in particular for the C-band system. Mission operation and post-mission data processing activities are also presented. The complexity of the SRTM as a system, the ambitious mission objective, the demanding requirements and the high inter-dependency between multi-disciplined subsystems posed many challenges. The engineering experience and the insight thus gained have important implications for future spaceborne interferometric SAR mission design and implementation.
Fluid movements across rabbit ileum coupled to passive paracellular ion movements.

1. Theophylline (10 mM) and choleragen (1 x 10(‐6) g ml. ‐1) abolish net fluid absorption by everted sacs of rabbit ileum. Triaminopyrimidine (20 mM) and ethacrynate (0.1 mM) prevent this inhibition of net fluid movement. Replacing Ringer Cl‐ with isethionate prevents the theophylline‐dependent decrease in fluid absorption also. 2. Ouabain (0.1 mM) abolishes net fluid movements in both control and theophylline‐treated tissue. 3. With ouabain present, hypertonic NaCl (200 mM) in the mucosal solution causes net fluid secretion (serosal‐mucosal flux). With theophylline added to both the mucosal and serosal solution, net fluid absorption (mucosal‐serosal flux) is observed (P less than 0.001). Triaminopyrimidine (20 mM), or ethacrynate (0.1 mM), or replacement of Ringer Na+ with choline, or Ringer Cl‐ with isethionate all prevent the theophylline‐induced reversal of osmotic flow. 4. Theophylline increases passive net flux of Na+ and Cl‐ from mucosal solution containing hypertonic (200 mM) NaCl+ ouabain (0.1 mM) across sheets of ileum into serosal solution containing mannitol Ringer + ouabain. The increased passive Na+ flux is blocked by triaminopyrimidine and the increased Na+ and Cl‐ fluxes are blocked by ethacrynate (0.1 mM). 5. The suggested route of increased NaCl leakage is via the paracellular pathway as it is inhibited by triaminopyrimidine. The increase, itself, is a consequence of the increased passive permeability of the mucosal border to Cl‐, induced by theophylline or choleragen. Water is apparently electro‐osmotically coupled to the paracellular Na+ leakage (100 mole water mole‐1 Na+), hence increased passive leakage reverses osmotic flow. In active tissue the lateral intercellular space contains hypertonic NaCl, and hence increased leakage of NaCl across the tight‐junction in theophylline or choleragen‐treated tissue gives rise to net fluid secretion.
On the variability and predictability of daily temperatures in the Arctic

Abstract Daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 54 stations in Alaska and northern Canada are used to evaluate temporal changes in the variance and autocorrelation of the daily anomalies from 1950–2000. To the extent that the variance and autocorrelation capture variability and anomaly persistence, the results provide a quantitative counterpart to reports from Arctic communities that weather is becoming increasingly variable and unpredictable. Although the results show indications of increased variance at some locations in some seasons, at least as many other stations show no such trends or show trends opposite to the hypothesized increase in variance and decrease in persistence of temperature anomalies. These findings apply to northern subsets as well as to the entire sample of stations. However, the frequency of extreme anomalies relative to single‐month means does show a modest but steady increase from the 1950s to the 1990s. The absence of a more generally apparent increase in variance and decrease in predictability is most likely attributable to either: (a) the choice of temperature as a measure of weather, (b) our use of simple statistical measures of variability and persistence, or (c) the role of technological and social changes in shaping perceptions of weather variability and predictability.
Time Series Data Analysis For Long Term Forecasting and Scheduling of Organizational Resources – Few Cases

Our society is increasingly influenced by modern information and communication technology (ICT), Data warehouse, data mining and time series data mining etc. Time series data mining can be treated as a subset of data mining domain. The nature of time series data is large data size, high dimensionality and necessary to update continuously. Time series data mining (TSDM) is a rapidly evolving research area in Computer Science. While processing data stored in a data base, if we consider the time at which the event happened, the information technology professional can generate more reliable and dependable information in comparison with conventional methods. Potentially, today, every stake holders has got the opportunity for time series data mining. In this paper I am introducing a methodology and a strategy for the effective planning of various organizational resources for different stake holders in the form of cases. Few of them are Information Technology professionals planning their hardware, software and network (bandwidth) requirement for the organizations. Another category of user is top level business executives, they are responsible for the long term strategic decision making of their business. The next category of users I am planing to cover in this paper is medical professionals or biological researchers and share traders (equity market).
AGNeSS: NEW DENSE GPS OBSERVATION NETWORK ON THE NORTHERN PART OF THE SUMATRAN FAULT SYSTEM

Gempa Sumatra Andaman yang terjadi pada tanggal 26 Desember 2004 masih menyisakan beberapa pertanyaan yang mendasar dalam bidang ilmu kebumian. Salah satu hal yang masih menjadi pertanyaan adalah sisa energi yang diterima oleh sistem tektonik di sekitarnya, utamanya kepada sistem sesar Sumatra. Untuk memantau dampak gempa Sumatra Andaman terhadap sistem sesar Sumatra, dibangun sistem jaringan Global Positioning System (GPS) yang memotong jalur sesar Sumatra bagian Utara yang terletak pada Provinsi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam yang diberi nama AGNeSS (Aceh GPS Network for Sumatran Fault System). Sistem jaringan GPS ini terdiri dari 7 stasiun pengamatan kontinyu dan 20 stasiun pengamatan episodic, dan akan terus berkembang sesuai dengan kebutuhan.