Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kirigami tiled surfaces with multiple configurations

This paper presents new kirigami patterns consisting of tiles connected by sub-folds that can approximate multiple specified target surfaces. The curvature of the surfaces approximated by the tiles varies as the patterns are folded, allowing access to a wide range of curvatures. A numerical framework is developed for the synthesis of the fold patterns that approximate a given set of target surfaces. The pattern synthesis process is framed as a tile placement problem, where compatible tile arrangements associated with each target surface are computed by solving a constrained optimization problem. After computing a set of tile arrangements, sub-folds are added to connect adjacent tiles. The resulting patterns are rigid foldable with many kinematic degrees of freedom, allowing them to achieve configurations that approximate the specified target surfaces. Kinematic simulations verify the existence of continuous paths between the target surfaces. A prototype pattern with six target surfaces is fabricated using three-dimensional printed components.
Clusters of Bloch waves in three-dimensional periodic media

We consider acoustic wave propagation through a periodic array of the inclusions of arbitrary shape. The inclusion size is much smaller than the array period while the wavelength is fixed. We derive and rigorously justify the dispersion relation for general frequencies and show that there are exceptional frequencies for which the solution is a cluster of waves propagating in different directions with different frequencies so that the dispersion relation cannot be defined uniquely. Examples are provided for the spherical inclusions.
The dynamics of scarlet fever in The Netherlands, 1906–1920: a historical analysis

Background. Scarlet fever, an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, largely disappeared in developed countries during the twentieth century. In recent years, scarlet fever is on the rise again, and there is a need for a better understanding of possible factors driving transmission. Methods. Using historical case notification data from the three largest cities in The Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague) from 1906 to 1920, we inferred the transmission rate for scarlet fever using time-series susceptible-infected-recovered (TSIR) methods. Through additive regression modelling, we investigated the contributions of meteorological variables and school term times to transmission rates. Results. Estimated transmission rates varied by city, and were highest overall for Rotterdam, the most densely populated city at that time. High temperature, seasonal precipitation levels and school term timing were associated with transmission rates, but the roles of these factors were limited and not consistent over all three cities. Conclusions. While weather factors alone can only explain a small portion of the variability in transmission rates, these results help understand the historical dynamics of scarlet fever infection in an era with less advanced sanitation and no antibiotic treatment and may offer insights into the driving factors associated with its recent resurgence.
Shifts in evolutionary balance of phenotypes under environmental changes

Environments shape communities by driving individual interactions and the evolutionary outcome of competition. In static, homogeneous environments a robust, evolutionary stable, outcome is sometimes reachable. However, inherently stochastic, this evolutionary process need not stabilize, resulting in a dynamic ecological state, often observed in microbial communities. We use evolutionary games to study the evolution of phenotypic competition in dynamic environments. Under the assumption that phenotypic expression depends on the environmental shifts, existing periodic relationships may break or result in formation of new periodicity in phenotypic interactions. The exact outcome depends on the environmental shift itself, indicating the importance of understanding how environments influence affected systems. Under periodic environmental fluctuations, a stable state preserving dominant phenotypes may exist. However, rapid environmental shifts can lead to critical shifts in the phenotypic evolutionary balance. This might lead to environmentally favoured phenotypes dominating making the system vulnerable. We suggest that understanding of the robustness of the system’s current state is necessary to anticipate when it will shift to a new equilibrium via understanding what level of perturbations the system can take before its equilibrium changes. Our results provide insights in how microbial communities can be steered to states where they are dominated by desired phenotypes.
The subgenus Arctotipula Alexander in the genus Tipula Linnaeus (Diptera: Tipulidae) on Wrangel Island, Russia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug)

Abstract Wrangel Island, Russia, because of its geographic position, harsh climate, yet surprising biodiversity, has been geobotanically studied and divided into various subzones. The distributions of the three species of the subgenus Tipula (Arctotipula) (Diptera: Tipulidae) that have been collected on Wrangel Island are related to these subzones. The predominantly Nearctic species, T. (A.) besselsoides Alexander, 1919, is newly recorded for Russia as well as on this island, where it was found to be the most widespread of the three species. The Holarctic species, T. (A.) salicetorum Siebke, 1870, is rarer, being found mostly in the climatically harsh northern and eastern areas of the island. The third species, T. (A.) oklandi Alexander, 1922, which was thought to have been more widespread formerly, is here confirmed only for Russia. It was collected in the warmest part of the island, and the female is illustrated for the first time. An illustrated key to both male and female adults is presented. Distribution maps are provided for all species, and the data on the distribution of oklandi have been adjusted.
A Cristae-Like Microcompartment in Desulfobacterota

Working with anaerobic consortia of methane oxidizing ANME archaea and their sulfate-reducing bacterial partners recovered from deep sea sediments and with the related sulfate-reducing bacterial isolate D. carbinolicus, we discovered that their intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs) appear remarkably similar to lamellar cristae. Three-dimensional electron microscopy allowed for the novel analysis of the nanoscale attachment of ICMs to the cytoplasmic membrane, and these ICMs are structurally nearly identical to the crista junction architecture seen in metazoan mitochondria. ABSTRACT Some Alphaproteobacteria contain intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs) and proteins homologous to those responsible for the mitochondrial cristae, an observation which has given rise to the hypothesis that the Alphaproteobacteria endosymbiont had already evolved cristae-like structures and functions. However, our knowledge of microbial fine structure is still limited, leaving open the possibility of structurally homologous ICMs outside the Alphaproteobacteria. Here, we report on the detailed characterization of lamellar cristae-like ICMs in environmental sulfate-reducing Desulfobacterota that form syntrophic partnerships with anaerobic methane-oxidizing (ANME) archaea. These structures are junction-bound to the cytoplasmic membrane and resemble the form seen in the lamellar cristae of opisthokont mitochondria. Extending these observations, we also characterized similar structures in Desulfovibrio carbinolicus, a close relative of the magnetotactic D. magneticus, which does not contain magnetosomes. Despite a remarkable structural similarity, the key proteins involved in cristae formation have not yet been identified in Desulfobacterota, suggesting that an analogous, but not a homologous, protein organization system developed during the evolution of some members of Desulfobacterota. IMPORTANCE Working with anaerobic consortia of methane oxidizing ANME archaea and their sulfate-reducing bacterial partners recovered from deep sea sediments and with the related sulfate-reducing bacterial isolate D. carbinolicus, we discovered that their intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs) appear remarkably similar to lamellar cristae. Three-dimensional electron microscopy allowed for the novel analysis of the nanoscale attachment of ICMs to the cytoplasmic membrane, and these ICMs are structurally nearly identical to the crista junction architecture seen in metazoan mitochondria. However, the core junction-forming proteins must be different. The outer membrane vesicles were observed to bud from syntrophic Desulfobacterota, and darkly stained granules were prominent in both Desulfobacterota and D. carbinolicus. These findings expand the taxonomic breadth of ICM-producing microorganisms and add to our understanding of three-dimensional microbial fine structure in environmental microorganisms.
Density, Apparent Survival, and Local Population Size of Louisiana Pigtoe (Pleurobema riddellii) in the Neches River, Texas

ABSTRACT Most North American unionids are imperiled to some degree, including the Louisiana Pigtoe, Pleurobema riddellii, which is currently under review for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Understanding a species' population dynamics, including spatial and temporal variation in survival, density, recruitment, and population size, is vital for conservation, but this information is lacking for P. riddellii. We conducted a mark–recapture study to estimate apparent survival, density, recruitment, and population size of P. riddellii within a 25-m2 area at three sites (75 m2 total) in the Neches River, Texas from 2014 to 2019. We used the program MARK to evaluate POPAN models for estimating population parameters. We collected a total of 392 unique individuals of P. riddellii over the 5-yr period and the observed recapture rate averaged 55.6%. The most parsimonious POPAN model indicated that apparent survival varied temporally, the recapture rate varied temporally and spatially, and both the entry probability (recruitment) and population size varied spatially. Apparent survival averaged 83.3% ± 3.4% (SE)/yr, overall population size across the three sites was 429 individuals (overall density = 5.7/ m2), and recruitment averaged 6.3%/yr. High survival, relatively high density, the presence of recruitment, and the lack of temporal changes in population size suggest that these populations are stable. The presence of P. riddellii throughout a long section of the river, including localized patches of higher abundance, suggests that the total population size in the Neches River is relatively large and the river is a global stronghold for the species.
Classification of Aquaculture Waters through Remote Sensing on the Basis of a Time-Series Water Index

ABSTRACT Zhang, C. ; Gao, L. ; Lu, Z. ; Liu, H. ; Zhu, H. , and Tang, K. , 2022. Classification of aquaculture waters through remote sensing on the basis of a time-series water index. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(6), 1148–1162. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Accurate spatial distribution information on aquaculture is crucial for scientific aquaculture management, postdisaster evaluation, and water environment protection. At present, large-scale aquaculture areas can be quickly and accurately monitored using remote-sensing technology. However, most previous studies gave importance only to extracting aquaculture areas and ignored the classification of aquiculture types. Although several researchers classified aquaculture modes, the waters in aquaculture areas were unclassified. Moreover, classification of the aquaculture target is usually performed on a single remote-sensing image, which lacks time-series information. To examine existing issues, the current study selected the coastal marine aquaculture areas in the southern Lvushunkou District of Dalian. First, a normalized difference aquaculture water index (NDAWI) was constructed on the basis of the measured data through a spectral feature analysis. Second, NDAWI was extracted from Sentinel-2 images to construct a time-series data set, and the random forest classification method was applied to classify kelp and wakame aquaculture waters. Last, the experimental outcomes of the NDAWI data set were compared with those of other time-series data sets. Results showed that the overall accuracy of the NDAWI time-series data set was 92.11%, which showed an improvement of 7.68%, 17.66%, 4.50%, and 11.50% compared with the values for normalized difference chlorophyll index, normalized difference vegetation index, and greenness component of tasseled cap transformation data sets and single-phase images, respectively. The NDAWI time-series data set constructed in this study exhibited a dramatically improved classification accuracy compared with other time-series data sets. It has a high application value for identifying relevant aquaculture areas.
Evaluation of Host Fishes for the Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa) from Populations in Massachusetts and Maine, USA

ABSTRACT The Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa) mussel is globally vulnerable and has disappeared from much of its historical range. Information on Brook Floater host fish use is needed for ecological and conservation purposes, but previous laboratory studies provide conflicting results. We evaluated host fish use by Brook Floater from populations in Massachusetts and Maine, USA. We conducted three experiments using a total of 10 fish species from six families, and we estimated glochidial attachment rate and juvenile metamorphosis rate. Across fish species, attachment ranged from 51.0% to 84.6% and metamorphosis ranged from 4.9% to 80.9%. Fish species and inoculation density (viable glochidia/mL) only weakly predicted attachment, and the number of glochidia that attached to fish did not affect metamorphosis rate. Juvenile metamorphosis was successful on all fish species tested, supporting evidence that Brook Floater is a host generalist. Fish species was an important factor in predicting metamorphosis rates in all experiments. The highest metamorphosis was on Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) (80.9% ± 2.6 SD) and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) (71.6%), but metamorphosis on Brook Trout varied according to source and was lowest on hatchery-raised fish (12.8% ± 0.3 SD). These data contribute to our understanding of the life history of Brook Floater by identifying potential host fishes, and our results can inform propagation efforts for this species in the northeastern USA.
ANALYSIS OF AN INHOMOGENEOUS ELASTIC HALF-SPACE

A FINITE ELEMENT COMPUTER PROGRAM TO SOLVE FOR THE STRESSES AND SETTLEMENTS OF A CIRCULAR LOAD RESTING ON A HALF-SPACE DEFINED BY A SPECIFIC EQUATION IS DESCRIBED. THE COMPUTER RESULTS AGREE WITH THE THEORETICAL ANSWERS IN THOSE CASES FOR WHICH ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS EXIST. THE RESULTS SUPPORT THE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES FOR THOSE CASES FOR WHICH NO ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS HAVE BEEN FOUND. A RANGE OF VALUES FOR SOIL DEPOSITS IS PRESENTED. VERTICAL CONTACT STRESS AND CENTER LINE STRESS DISTRIBUTION BENEATH SMOOTH RIGID CIRCULAR PLATE, AND SETTLEMENT OF SMOOTH CIRCULAR LOAD, RIGID OR UNIFORMLY LOADED ARE ALL GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED. THE ENGINEER MAY USE THESE FIGURES TO ESTIMATE CONDITIONS IN PRACTICAL SITUATIONS. PLOTS FOR STRESSES AND DISPLACEMENTS, RADIAL STRESSES AND THE NONDIMENSIONAL SETTLEMENT PARAMETER ARE DISCUSSED. CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A ROUGH RIGID PLATE AND A SMOOTH RIGID ONE OR BETWEEN A ROUGH OR SMOOTH UNIFORM IS DESCRIBED.
Auto-tuning Fixed-point Precision with TVM on RISC-V Packed SIMD Extension

Today, as deep learning (DL) is applied more often in daily life, dedicated processors such as CPUs and GPUs have become very important for accelerating model executions. With the growth of technology, people are becoming accustomed to using edge devices, such as mobile phones, smart watches, and VR devices in their daily lives. A variety of technologies using DL are gradually being applied to these edge devices. However, there is a large number of computations in DL. It faces a challenging problem how to provide solutions in the edge devices. In this article, the proposed method enables a flow with the RISC-V Packed extension (P extension) in TVM. TVM, an open deep learning compiler for neural network models, is growing as a key infrastructure for DL computing. RISC-V is an open instruction set architecture (ISA) with customized and flexible features. The Packed-SIMD extension is a RISC-V extension that enables subword single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) computations in RISC-V architectures to support fallback engines in AI computing. In the proposed flow, a fixed-point type that is supported by an integer of 16-bit type and saturation instructions is added to replace the original 32-bit float type. In addition, an auto-tuning method is proposed to use a uniform selector mechanism (USM) to find the binary point position for fixed-point type use. The tensorization feature of TVM can be used to optimize specific hardware such as subword SIMD instructions with RISC-V P extension. With our experiment on the Spike simulator, the proposed method with the USM can improve performance by approximately 2.54 to 6.15× in terms of instruction counts with little accuracy loss.
Etude exploratoire d’un assistant digital d’aide au montage basé sur la projection en réalité augmentée: An Exploratory Study of a Projection-based Augmented Reality Digital Assistant to Facilitate Assembly

This article presents PMF-Vision, a digital assistant for manual assembly based on the concept of augmented reality information projected on the workspace. This digital assistant aims at assisting operators with mild mental deficiencies in their assembly tasks by tracking their actions in real-time. In this research, we analyzed hand tracking algorithms based on the latest deep learning techniques and highlighted the best candidate for our context in terms of accuracy and processing time. We present different interaction concepts for the system and propose to evaluate two visualisation concepts to assist the operator during component placement. The results of the exploratory study (N=6) highlighted the excellent usability of the system and the interest, expressed by the target population, to use such tools in their daily tasks.
Tracking the Evolution of Cookie-based Tracking on Facebook

We analyze in depth and longitudinally how Facebook's cookie-based tracking behavior and its communication about tracking have evolved from 2015 to 2022. More stringent (enforcement of) regulation appears to have been effective at causing a reduction in identifier cookies for non-users and a more prominent cookie banner. However, several technical measures to reduce Facebook's tracking potential are not implemented, communication through the cookie banner and cookie policies remains incomplete and may be deceptive, and opt-out mechanisms seem to have no effect.
Sexual Violence and Nonconsensual Experiences Among Alt-Sex Communities’ Members

Background As behaviors, alternative sexual (alt-sex) (i.e., kink, bondage, discipline, dominance, submission, sadism, and masochism , consensual non-monogamy, swinging, leather, and fetish practices) practitioners often emphasize that consent and boundaries are key elements of alt-sex activities. Despite these emphases, individuals experience consent violations and sexual assault both prior to engaging and during their involvement in alt-sex activities. Purpose This study examines alt-sex practitioners’ sexual assault and nonconsensual experiences in order to highlight potential means of intervention and prevention, as well as inform clinical and legal professionals. Methods In collaboration with the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom, this study uses an international survey of adults in alt-sex communities (N = 2996) to examine sexual assault and nonconsensual experiences both within and outside of alt-sex contexts. Results We found a lower rate of consent violations in the alt-sex community (26%) compared to sexual assault as an adult outside of alt-sex contexts (34%) and sexual assault as a minor (40%). We found significant differences by groups in sexual assault as a minor (gender, sexual orientation, age, and live in the US or not), sexual assault outside of alt-sex contexts (gender, sexual orientation, and age), nonconsensual experiences in alt-sex contexts (gender, sexual orientation, age, and race), receiving nonconsensual touch in alt-sex contexts (gender, sexual orientation, and age), giving nonconsensual touch in alt-sex contexts (sexual orientation, age, living in the US or not, and race), and being falsely accused of nonconsensual touching in alt-sex contexts (gender, age, and living in the US or not). Within the most recent consent violation, the most common behaviors were non-kink related, except for lack of aftercare. Nearly 40% of participants reported the reasons for their most recent consent violation in alt-sex contexts were being selfish or caught up in the moment. Implications Focused interventions are needed to address how different populations are experiencing assault and violations in alt-sex contexts.
Spectral shifting strongly constrains molecular cloud disruption by radiation pressure on dust

${\bf Aim:}$ To test the hypothesis that radiation pressure from star clusters acting on dust is the dominant feedback agent disrupting the largest star-forming molecular clouds and thus regulating the star-formation process. ${\bf Methods:}$ We perform multi-frequency, 3D, RT calculations including scattering, absorption, and re-emission to longer wavelengths for clouds with masses of $10^4$-$10^7\,$M$_{\odot}$, with embedded clusters and a star formation efficiencies of 0.009%-91%, and varying maximum grain sizes up to 200$\,\mu$m. We calculate the ratio between radiative force and gravity to determine whether radiation pressure can disrupt clouds. ${\bf Results:}$ We find that radiation acting on dust almost never disrupts star-forming clouds. UV and optical photons to which the cloud is optically thick do not scatter much. Instead, they quickly get absorbed and re-emitted by at thermal wavelengths. As the cloud is typically optically thin to far-IR radiation, it promptly escapes, depositing little momentum. The resulting spectrum is more narrowly peaked than the corresponding Planck function with an extended tail at longer wavelengths. As the opacity drops significantly across the sub-mm and mm, the resulting radiative force is even smaller than for the corresponding single-temperature black body. The force from radiation pressure falls below the strength of gravitational attraction by an order of magnitude or more for either Milky Way or starbust conditions. For unrealistically large maximum grain sizes, and star formation efficiencies far exceeding 50% do we find that the strength of radiation pressure can exceed gravity. ${\bf Conclusions:}$ We conclude that radiation pressure acting on dust does not disrupt star-forming molecular clouds in any Local Group galaxies. Radiation pressure thus appears unlikely to regulate the star-formation process on either local or global scales.
The dynamics of topology change

In the Kaluza‐Klein framework of gravity theories one has extra dimensions in the form of small, compact manifolds. The form and the dynamics of these manifolds can have significant impact on the external geometry, for example their topology is related to the number of light degrees of freedom as seen in the low energy theory. So, if the geometry is able to change, then the low energy theory sees a change in the low energy degrees of freedom; this would manifest itself as a phase transition. In this note we examine the role of gravity as such a topology change is attempted. We start by considering the evolution of an Eguchi‐Hanson geometry by allowing the minimal 2‐cycle to contract, including all the relevant gravitational degrees of freedom, finding that the two cycle either halts its collapse, followed by it expanding, or a black hole is formed. We comment on the type of black that is formed. We also consider the case of the collapse of a smooth conifold—both resolved and deformed.