Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault Tolerance of the Application Manager in Vigne

Failure is a common phenomenon in distributed systems. As a system gets larger and complex, the numbers, sources and types of errors increase proportionately. To implement a system that works properly despite failures has been a major concern in distributed system research community for the past few decades. Researchers have been trying to enhance fault tolerance in every sector of computing such as web servers, storage, microprocessor, communication channel, application components etc. But ensuring fault tolerance in a large system like grid has been a very challenging and troublesome job. Grid is a collection of computing resources located in different administrative domain. Because of this large volume, it’s not easy to manage grid. The grid middleware was introduced to fulfill this need. Usually a user submits a job through grid middleware and gets the result back after the computation is over. Throughout the life time of the job, a grid middleware service component manages the job on behalf of the client. In the grid middleware Vigne [39, 32], developed by Paris project team in IRISA, Application Manager (AM) is the service component that supervises any application. It is the critical component of the system. That’s why we want it to keep running despite any failures or reconfiguration that can occur in the grid. The goal of our work is to find sollution to increase the availability of AM in Vigne. This report is organized as follows. Section 2 gives a short description of Vigne and presents the problem informally. Section 3 recognizes critical issues in a fault tolerant system. Then we describe the existing fault tolerance techniques and compared them in section 4 to select a suitable technique for replicating AM. Section 5 and section 6 make the necessary specifications to integrate the selected technique in Vigne. Section 7 addresses crucial issues regarding reconfiguration in highly dynamic environment. Related works are presented in section 8. Finally we present the conclusion and future work in section 9.
On the Dynamics of Suddenly Heated Accretion Disks around Neutron Stars

Type I X-ray bursts and superbursts on neutron stars release sudden and intense radiation fields into their surroundings. Here we consider the possible effects of these powerful explosions on the structure of the accretion disk. The goal is to account for the apparent evolution of the innermost regions of the accretion disk around 4U 1820-30 during a superburst. Three different processes are considered in detail: radiatively or thermally driven outflows, inflow due to Poynting-Robertson drag, and a structural change to the disk by X-ray heating. Radiatively driven winds with large column densities can be launched from the inner disk, but only for L/LEdd ≳ 1, which is expected to be obtained only at the onset of the burst. Furthermore, the predicted mass outflow rate is less than the accretion rate in 4U 1820-30. Estimates of the Poynting-Robertson or radiative drag timescale show that it is a very efficient means of removing angular momentum from the gas. However, the analytical results are likely only applicable at the innermost edge of the disk. X-ray heating gives a change in the disk scale height that is correlated with the blackbody temperature, as seen in the evolution during the 4U 1820-30 superburst. If this change in the scale height can alter the surface density, then the viscous time (with α ~ 0.03-0.2) is the closest match to the 4U 1820-30 results. We expect, however, that all three processes are likely ongoing when an accretion disk is subject to a sudden heating event. Ultimately, a numerical simulation of a disk around a bursting neutron star is required to determine the exact response of the disk. Magnetic truncation of the accretion flow is also considered and applied to the 4U 1820-30 X-ray reflection results.
Vulnerability in Public Malware Sandbox Analysis Systems

The use of Public Malware Sandbox Analysis Systems (public MSASs) which receives online submissions of possibly malicious executables from an arbitrary user, analyzes their behavior by executing them in a testing environment (i.e., a sandbox), and sends analysis reports back to the user, have increased in popularity. In such systems, the sandbox for analysis is often connected to the Internet as modern malware communicate with remote hosts for various reasons, such as receiving command and control (C&C) messages and files for updates. However, connecting the sandbox to these hosts involves a risk that the analysis activities may be detected and disturbed by the attackers who control them. In this paper, we discuss the issue of sandbox detection in the case of public MSASs. Namely, we point out that the IP address of an Internet-connected sandbox can be easily disclosed by an attacker who submits a decoy sample dedicated to this purpose. The disclosed address can then be shared among attackers, blacklisted, and used against the analysis system, for example, to conceal potential malicious behavior of malware. We have termed such an attack Decoy Sample Injection (DSI). We conducted a case study with nine existing public MSASs and found that six utilized Internet-connected sandboxes with very few IP addresses and were therefore vulnerable to DSI. In addition, it was revealed that certain background analysis activities of these systems can be revealed by the attack. Finally, we discuss the mitigation of DSI by dynamic IP address acquisition.
CESR status and plans

The CESR electron positron collider has been configured to operate with trains of closely spaced bunches that collide with a small horizontal crossing angle. The crossing angle scenario provides for an increase from seven to as many as 45 bunches per beam. Two pairs of electrostatic separators yield differential horizontal closed orbits for the electron and positron beams. The separators are powered antisymmetrically with respect to the two-fold symmetry of the storage ring. The bunches collide with a small horizontal angle of /spl plusmn/2.1 mrad, that serves to separate the counterrotating bunches at the parasitic crossing points adjacent to the IP. Nine trains, with temporal length of up to 56 ns can be accommodated. The storage ring has operated for high energy physics with trains of two bunches spaced 28 ns apart and reached peak luminosity of 3.3/spl times/10/sup 32/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/. The Phase II upgrade of the interaction region, now underway, will permit an increase in current to 300 mA per beam, and luminosity to 6/spl times/10/sup 32/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/. In Phase III of the CESR upgrade, scheduled for completion in 1995, the room temperature RF system will be replaced with single cell superconducting cavities. The single beam limit will increase to 500 mA, and the luminosity to 10/sup 33/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/.
Large scale Sobolev inequalities on metric measure spaces and applications

For functions on a metric measure space, we introduce a notion of “gradient at a given scale”. This allows us to define Sobolev inequalities at a given scale. We prove that satisfying a Sobolev inequality at a large enough scale is invariant under large-scale equivalence, a metric-measure version of coarse equivalence. We prove that for a Riemmanian manifold satisfying a local Poincare inequality, our notion of Sobolev inequalities at large scale is equivalent to its classical version. These notions provide a natural and efficient point of view to study the relations between the large time on-diagonal behavior of random walks and the isoperimetry of the space. Specializing our main result to locally compact groups, we obtain that the Lp-isoperimetric profile, for every 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ is invariant under quasi-isometry between amenable unimodular compactly generated locally compact groups. A qualitative application of this new approach is a very general characterization of the existence of a spectral gap on a quasi-transitive measure space X, providing a natural point of view to understand this phenomenon.
QMET: A new quality assessment metric for no-reference video coding by using human eye traversal

The subjective quality assessment (SQA) is an ever demanding approach due to its in-depth interactivity to the human cognition. The addition of no-reference based scheme could equip the SQA techniques to tackle further challenges. Existing widely used objective metrics-peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM) or the subjective estimator-mean opinion score (MOS) requires original image for quality evaluation that limits their uses for the situation having no-reference. In this work, we present a no-reference based SQA technique that could be an impressive substitute to the reference-based approaches for quality evaluation. The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) reference test model (HM15.0) is first exploited to generate five different qualities of the HEVC recommended eight class sequences. To assess different aspects of coded video quality, a group of ten participants are employed and their eye-tracker (ET) recorded data demonstrate closer correlation among gaze plots for relatively better quality video contents. Therefore, we innovatively calculate the amount of approximation of smooth eye traversal (ASET) by using distance, angle, and pupil-size feature from recorded gaze trajectory data and develop a new-quality metric based on eye traversal (QMET). Experimental results show that the quality evaluation carried out by QMET is highly correlated to the HM recommended coding quality. The performance of the QMET is also compared with the PSNR and SSIM metrics to justify the effectiveness of each other.
A Full Gibbs Sampler for a Multinomial Probit Model with Endogeneity

We introduce methods for estimating a Bayesian multinomial probit switching model for unordered selection and response categories via a fully Gibbsian estimation strategy. We achieve this through the use of marginal data augmentation and a modified Imai/van Dyk-type prior for the covariance matrix. Compared to related work that requires a Metropolis step, this method improves computational efficiency and overall simplicity. Additionally, we modify the Chib method to estimate Bayes factors. The estimation strategy is applied to simulated data and is used to model retirement outcomes for groups with differing retirement preferences in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.
Very Low Bit-Rate Video Coding by Combining H.264/AVC Standard and 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform

In this paper, we propose a new method for very low bit-rate video coding that combines H.264/AVC standard and two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. In this method, first a two dimensional wavelet transform is applied on each video frame independently to extract the low frequency components for each frame and then the low frequency parts of all frames are coded using H.264/AVC codec. On the other hand, the high frequency parts of the video frames are coded by Run Length Coding algorithm, after applying a threshold to neglect the low value coefficients. Experiments show that our proposed method can achieve better rate-distortion performance at very low bit-rate applications below 16 kbits/s compared to applying H.264/AVC standard directly to all frames. Applications of our proposed video coding technique include video telephony, video-conferencing, transmitting or receiving video over half-rate traffic channels of GSM networks.
Step function based turning maneuvers in biomimetic robotic fish

This paper presents a new turning maneuver generation method for a multilink biomimetic robotic fish, in which smooth step functions are introduced to dynamically trigger directed offsets in active and asymmetric swimming. With the proposed method, three basic turning modes can be unified into a general framework by choosing appropriate step-function combinations and dynamic bias. Furthermore, this method can be employed to maneuver the robotic fish agilely in the path planning, which promises more flexibility and steadiness in potential applications to bio-inspired autonomous underwater vehicles.
Iranian Oncologists’ Attitude towards Fertility Preservation in a Sample Group

Background Recent advances in cancer treatment have resulted in an increased number of cancer survivors. Fertility might be impaired by cancer itself or through gonadal damage as a consequence of radio-chemotherapy. Damages to reproductive organs are seen in minimally upto 30% of cancer patients. The aim of the present study was evaluate the attitude of Iranian oncologists toward fertility preservation. Methods Thirty oncologists filled an author-designed questionnaire which included five multiple choice questions at Mahak hospital, Tehran in 2009. The data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software. Results More than half of the oncologists believed that radio-chemotherapy has destructive effects on reproductive organs. This study showed that as high as 67% of the respondants believed fertility preservation should be offered to all patients at risk, but 40% of them insisted that the patients should bring up the topic themselves. Only 46% of the oncologist knew about fertility preservation techniques. The greatest barriers for accepting fertility preservation by the parents of children undergoing cancer treatment were: lack of information (41%), hopelessness from treatment prognosis (33%), fear of delay in starting the treatment (15%) and the priority of child survival (11%). Conclusion The specific challenges of counseling are time pressure between diagnosis and start of treatment, little knowledge about fertility preservation both by treating oncologists and parents; therefore a team consisting of oncologists, infertility specialists and social workers is recommended in these settings.
Energy efficient techniques in Wireless Mesh Network

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a promising wireless network architecture having potential of last few miles connectivity. There has been considerable research work carried out on various issues like design, performance, security etc. in WMN. Due to increasing interest in WMN and use of smart devices with bandwidth hungry applications, WMN must be designed with objective of energy efficient communication. Goal of this paper is to summarize importance of energy efficiency in WMN. Various techniques to bring energy efficient solutions have also been reviewed.
Ghost encryption: Mobile data security model encrypting data before moving it to the cloud service provider

Cloud Computing is the current technology that revolutionize the mobile and IT industry. Most of the mobile vendors are providing extended data storage over the cloud either with the third party cloud service provider such as Samsung Android smart phones with DropBox storage. On the other hand, Apple iPhone and Windows Phone has their own cloud data storage such as iCloud and SkyDrive respectively. However, mobile phone cloud application users are hesitant to move their data from their mobile phone to the cloud service provider because of increasing data security and privacy concern. In this paper, a mobile data security encryption model is proposed to encounter this problem. With the technical advancement in the mobile and cloud computing, an encryption algorithm is designed known as Ghost, Geometric Host for Mobile Data Security.
Turbo coding for an OFDM-based wireless LAN at 17 GHz

The considerable performance gain of turbo codes compared to other conventional coding schemes makes it to a primary candidate for OFDMbased wireless LANs. This paper shows the application of turbo coding in combination with bandwidthefficient modulation for a flexible high bit rate modem architecture. The performance of the introduced coded modulation scheme is investigated by simulations for the indoor propagation channel at 17 GHz.
Evaluation of a smart drink monitoring device

Liquid supply risk management done for inpatient care of the elderly or persons suffering from diseases is currently a time intensive procedure. The paper describes the design and evaluation of an automatic beverage monitoring system. An electronic device is presented, which is able to measure the fluid intake of the patient and provide an automated documentation and connection to existing software architecture. In a user-oriented study the functionality and acceptance were evaluated and the results show that drinking motivation can verifiably result in temporarily increased hydration.
Where to look first? Behaviour control for fetch-and-carry missions of service robots

This paper presents the behaviour control of a service robot for intelligent object search in a domestic environment. A major challenge in service robotics is to enable fetch-and-carry missions that are satisfying for the user in terms of efficiency and human-oriented perception. The proposed behaviour controller provides an informed intelligent search based on a semantic segmentation framework for indoor scenes and integrates it with object recognition and grasping. Instead of manually annotating search positions in the environment, the framework automatically suggests likely locations to search for an object based on contextual information, e.g. next to tables and shelves. In a preliminary set of experiments we demonstrate that this behaviour control is as efficient as using manually annotated locations. Moreover, we argue that our approach will reduce the intensity of labour associated with programming fetch-and-carry tasks for service robots and that it will be perceived as more human-oriented.
Active learning with semi-automatic annotation for extractive speech summarization

We propose using active learning for extractive speech summarization in order to reduce human effort in generating reference summaries. Active learning chooses a selective set of samples to be labeled. We propose a combination of informativeness and representativeness criteria for selection. We further propose a semi-automatic method to generate reference summaries for presentation speech by using Relaxed Dynamic Time Warping (RDTW) alignment between presentation speech and its accompanied slides. Our summarization results show that the amount of labeled data needed for a given summarization accuracy can be reduced by more than 23% compared to random sampling.
On the complexity of the Maximum Subgraph Problem

For a fixed graph property, the Maximum Subgraph Recognition Problem for the property is: Given a graph G and integer k, does G have a subgraph induced by k vertices which satisfies the property. This paper studies the complexity of this problem for various properties. The principal result is that if the property is any one of a wide class of monotone properties, the Maximum Subgraph Problem is NP-hard. This suggests a promising direction of inquiry into the P = ? NP question.
Risk bounds for statistical learning

We propose a general theorem providing upper bounds for the risk of an empirical risk minimizer (ERM). We essentially focus on the binary classification framework. We extend Tsybakov's analysis of the risk of an ERM under margin type conditions by using concentration inequalities for conveniently weighted empirical processes. This allows us to deal with ways of measuring the ``size'' of a class of classifiers other than entropy with bracketing as in Tsybakov's work. In particular, we derive new risk bounds for the ERM when the classification rules belong to some VC-class under margin conditions and discuss the optimality of these bounds in a minimax sense.
On some clustering approaches for graphs

In this paper we discuss some tools for graph perturbation with applications to data privacy. We present and analyse two different approaches. One is based on matrix decomposition and the other on graph partitioning. We discuss these methods and show that they belong to two traditions in data protection: noise addition/microaggregation and k-anonymity.
Pharmacological Treatment of Schizophrenia::Current Issues and Future Perspectives

In the past decade, four main topics have shaped research and clinical practice. 1) In randomized controlled trials, researchers have investigated whether treating prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia helps to reduce the conversion risk to full-blown schizophrenia. Results are ambiguous and the discussion on whether or not an intervention at the stage is justified is ongoing. 2) Following the enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, also with respect to specific symptom domains, pharmacological targets beyond D2 receptor antagonism have been explored. Much work and enthusiasm has revolved around nicotinergic and glutamatergic compounds, so far with mostly discouraging results. 3) Several new-generation antipsychotics have become available as long-acting formulations. All of them have demonstrated a significant positive impact on relapse rates in placebo controlled studies. Whether these compounds also have advantages over first-generation depots and/or oral antipsychotics is still debated. The development of an inhalable antipsychotic has complemented the treatment options for the management of acutely agitated patients. 4) Lastly, attempts from various perspectives, including genetics and neuroimaging, have investigated whether it is possible to predict treatment response and drug safety. Although some look promising, they have not yet reached a stage in which they can be applied to everyday clinical practice. What has become clear, though, is that early non response predicts late non response, leading to the recommendation to switch antipsychotics much earlier than stated in most treatment guidelines.
Gli 3 Xt 2 J / Xt 2 J mice exhibit lambdoid suture craniosynostosis which results from altered osteoprogenitor proliferation and differentiation

Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, 00014 University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 (Mannerheimintie 172), Finland, Department of Craniofacial Development and Department of Orthodontics, King’s College, Floor 28 Guy’s Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Developmental Biology Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles/The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA, A∗STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore and Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary System, University Justus Liebig, Giessen, Germany