Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma Membrane Localization of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein Homologs in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells

Several multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) homologs are expressed in brain microvessel endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The influence of these MRP transporters on BBB permeability will be dependent on their localization within the brain microvessel endothelial cells. Using two different and complementary approaches, the localization of various MPR homologs (MRP1, MRP4, and MRP5) was examined in primary cultured bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells (BBMECs). The first approach involved centrifugal separation of apical and basolateral plasma membranes of cultured BBMECs. The membrane fractions were then subjected to Western blot analysis for MRPs. The second approach used confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine membrane localization of MRPs in BBMECs. Results show a predominantly apical plasma membrane distribution for MRP1 and MRP5, and an almost equal distribution of MRP4 on the apical and basolateral plasma membrane of BBMECs. These studies provide the first demonstration of the localization of MRP1, MRP4, and MRP5 homologs in brain microvessel endothelial cells. The present studies also indicate that the localization of MRPs in the endothelial cells forming the BBB is different from that observed in polarized epithelial cells and thus may contribute to the reduced entry and enhanced elimination of organic anions and nucleotides in the brain.
Central corneal thickness is highly heritable: the twin eye studies.

PURPOSE A classic twin study was performed to determine the heritability of central corneal thickness (CCT), an important parameter in glaucoma assessment. METHODS The concordance of CCT between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins was compared. A total of 256 twin pairs (131 MZ and 125 DZ) were recruited from three centers: the Twin Eye Study in Tasmania, the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study, and the Twins U.K. Adult Registry held at St. Thomas' Hospital in London. As part of an extensive ophthalmic evaluation, CCT was measured by ultrasound pachymetry. Structural equation modeling with the Mx program (Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA) was used to determine the heritability of CCT. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 38 years (range, 8-81). The mean CCT of all eyes examined was 544.5 +/- 37.3 mum (SD). The CCT measurements correlated more highly in MZ twins than in DZ twins, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.52, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic influence. A model of additive genetic and unique environmental effects provided the best fit, yielding a heritability of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.96) with the remaining variation being attributable to unique environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS In this study of Australian and U.K. twins, genetic factors were shown to be of major importance in CCT, with a heritability of 0.95.
The effect of a brief education program on glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE To assess our patients' knowledge of glaucoma and to measure the effect of a brief education program on their understanding of glaucoma. METHODS Patients attending glaucoma clinics at a university and a Veterans' Affairs hospital were randomized into two groups: "exposed" and "unexposed" to a simple education program of a video and brochures. Glaucoma knowledge was assessed twice by an oral questionnaire, at 2 weeks and 6 months after randomization plus or minus education. RESULTS Younger patients and those with more years of formal schooling knew more about glaucoma. Two weeks after the education program, the exposed group performed significantly better than did the unexposed group. Analysis of the results showed benefit from both brochures and video. This effect of education was not seen at retesting 6 months later. CONCLUSION Older patients and those with less formal education know less about glaucoma. A brief, simple education program can significantly improve levels of knowledge about glaucoma, even in a relatively well-informed population. However, patient education must be repeated to maintain a useful effect.
Use of the invasive management strategy for patients with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: an observational database report from the Worcester Heart Attack Study.

BACKGROUND Recent randomized clinical trials have suggested a benefit of an invasive management strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes. However, the broader use and impact of the invasive management approach has not been established for patients with acute coronary syndromes beyond the relatively narrow patient populations studied in randomized, clinical trials. METHODS Residents of the Worcester, Mass, area who were hospitalized with non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at all area hospitals in 5 annual periods between 1990 and 1997 comprised the sample of interest (n = 2436). We examined the extent of use of an invasive versus a conservative strategy for hospital management, occurrence of clinical complications, and hospital mortality in patients with non-Q-wave AMI. RESULTS An invasive approach to hospital management was used in only 30% of patients with non-Q-wave AMI, although there was an increase over time in the use of an invasive treatment strategy (18% in 1990 vs 33% in 1997). Factors associated with use of the invasive strategy were younger age, male sex, development of cardiogenic shock, as well as adjunctive medical treatment. Overall hospital mortality was high at 12%. Use of the invasive approach, aspirin, nitrates and beta-blockers were associated in logistic regression modeling with significant improvements in survival. CONCLUSIONS An invasive approach to hospital management of non-Q-wave AMI was used infrequently in this population-based cohort during the 1990s.
BRCT Domain-Containing Protein PTIP Is Essential for Progression through Mitosis

ABSTRACT The Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein (PTIP) is a large nuclear protein with multiple BRCT domains that was identified on the basis of its interaction with transcription factors of the Pax and Smad families. To address the function of PTIP during mouse development, we generated a constitutive null allele. Homozygous PTIP mutants are developmentally retarded, disorganized, and embryonic lethal by day 9.5 of embryonic development (E9.5). PTIP mutant cells appear to replicate DNA but show reduced levels of mitosis and widespread cell death by E8.5. DNA damage appears to precede nuclear condensation at E7.5, suggesting a defect in DNA repair. Neither embryonic fibroblast nor embryonic stem cells from PTIP mutants proliferate in culture, suggesting a fundamental defect in cell proliferation. Trophoblast cells from PTIP mutants are more sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. Condensation of chromatin and expression of phospho-histone H3 are also affected in PTIP mutants, and this may underlie the inability of PTIP mutants to progress through mitosis. Given the role of BRCT domain proteins in DNA repair and cell cycle control, we propose that PTIP is an essential element of the cell proliferation machinery, perhaps by functioning in the DNA repair pathways.
State of fear: Britain's ‘compensation culture’ reviewed

Assertions that Britain is (or is in danger of becoming) a‘ blame and sue’ society are nowadays so frequently repeated in the media and elsewhere that they have all but become received wisdom. Whether they express a dangerous reality or a passing moral panic deserves serious consideration because of their potential to influence legislative and judicial agendas. This article examines what is meant by the phrase ‘compensation culture’, evaluates the recent evidence concerning it, and attempts to assess whether the concerns expressed are justified.
Uncovering a New Guilty Pleasure: A Qualitative Study of the Emotions of Personal Web Usage at Work

This longitudinal field study uncovers the emotional meaning that defines personal Web usage (PWU) at work. To explore this emergent workplace phenomenon, the author conducted 67 semistructured interviews and collected archival documents at a local government municipality in the United States. After a phenomenological analysis of the informants’ emotion-laden narratives, the findings suggest that users defined their PWU as a guilty pleasure. For some informants, this type of emotional ambivalence was resolved and manifested into continued PWU devoid of guilt. For others, however, they continued to define their PWU behaviors as a push-and-pull battle between self-control and short-term benefit. Nevertheless, PWU persisted. Based on the themes analyzed in the data, two models are presented that depict the characteristics of the ambivalence and the overarching emotion-behavior process, respectively. The author concludes by discussing the contributions to existing research and directions for further inquiry.
Effect of Control Strategies on Prevalence, Incidence and Re-infection of Clonorchiasis in Endemic Areas of China

Background A pilot clonorchiasis control project was implemented to evaluate the efficacies of various chemotherapy strategies on prevalence, incidence and re-infection in Heilongjiang Province, China. Methods and Findings Seven intervention groups (14,139 residents, about 2000 in each group) in heavily or moderately endemic areas were subjected to repeated praziquantel administration from 2001 to 2004. In the selective chemotherapy groups, residents were examined for fecal eggs, and those who tested positive were treated with three doses of 25 mg/kg praziquantel at 5-hour-intervals in one day. However, all residents were treated in the mass chemotherapy groups. In heavily endemic areas, two mass treatments of all residents in 2001 and 2003 reduced the prevalence from 69.5% to 18.8%, while four annual mass treatments reduced the prevalence from 48.0% in 2001 to 8.4% in 2004. Selective annual treatments for egg-positive subjects reduced the egg-positive rates from 54.9% in 2001 to 15.0% in 2004 or from 73.2% in 2001 to 12.3% in 2004. Selective treatments every 6 months significantly reduced the prevalence from 59.5% in 2001 to 7.5% in 2004. All of the repeated treatments reduced EPG (eggs per gram of feces) significantly. The annual mass treatment and selective treatment every 6 months produced lower prevalence and re-infection rates and higher egg reduction rate than annual selective treatments did. In the moderate endemic areas, egg positive rates were 24.8% and 29.7% in 2001 but were 1.9% and 1.3% after 2 or 3 selective treatments. The prevalence, incidence, re-infection rates in a moderately endemic area were significantly lower than those of heavy endemic areas. Conclusions Repeated mass treatment or selective treatment with praziquantel every 6 to 12 months is highly effective for clonorchiasis control in heavily endemic areas. In contrast, one or two selective treatments with health education is effective in moderately endemic areas.
EXAMINING SOCIAL PRESENCE IN ONLINE COURSES IN RELATION TO STUDENTS' PERCEIVED LEARNING AND SATISFACTION

Research has demonstrated that social presence not only affects outcomes but also student, and possibly instructor, satisfaction with a course. Teacher immediacy behaviors and the presence of others are especially important issues for those involved in delivering online education. This study explored the role of social presence in online learning environments and its relationship to students’ perceptions of learning and satisfaction with the instructor. The participants for this study were students who completed Empire State College’s (ESC) online learning courses in the spring of 2000 and completed the end of semester course survey (n=97). A correlational design was utilized. This study found that students with high overall perceptions of social presence also scored high in terms of perceived learning and perceived satisfaction with the instructor. Students’ perceptions of social presence overall, moreover, contributed significantly to the predictor equation for students’ perceived learning overall. Gender accounted for some of the variability of students’ overall perception of social presence, while age and number of college credits earned did not account for any of the variability.
Constructing science teaching in the elementary school: The socialization of a science enthusiast student teacher

We undertook this case study to examine the transition from university student to student teacher of an elementary science teaching enthusiast, Marie. The purpose of the study was to understand how Marie coped with constraints to her science teaching that she perceived within the school culture. We analyzed the data: (a) field notes taken during classroom observations, (b) transcripts of interviews with Marie, her cooperating teachers, students, and the principal, and (c) documents including lesson plans, handouts, tests, and methods course products, by using analytic induction to develop categories. We also generated assertions and tested their viability by triangulating the data sources. From the data we induced a number of patterns that Marie knowingly and unknowingly used to address perceived constraints such as supervisor expectations and inadequacy of equipment and curriculum. In coping with these constraints, Marie tried to saturate the curriculum with science, even finding additional time in the school week to conduct science lessons. At times she complied with perceived expectations, but typically she modified the constraining factor to produce a suitable result. Furthermore she served as a catalyst for science among her fellow teachers. Her strategies are somewhat unique for a beginner, but may be influenced by her position as science enthusiast and by the traditionally low status of science in the elementary school curriculum.
Leadership for the 21st Century: Breaking the Bonds of Dependency

Wanted: A miracle worker who can do more with less, pacify rival groups, endure chronic secondguessing, tolerate low levels of support, process large volumes of paper and work double shifts (75 nights a year out). He or she will have carte blanche to innovate, but cannot spend much money, replace any personnel, or upset any constituency. 1 The job of the principal or any educational leader has become increasingly complex and constrained. Principals find themselves locked in with less and less room to maneuver. They have become more and more dependent on context. At the very time that proactive leadership is essential, principals are in the least favorable position to provide it. They need a new mindset and guidelines for action to break through the bonds of dependency that have entrapped those who want to make a difference in their schools.
Changing ethnic identities

The British population includes over 3 million people with origins outside Europe. New cultures are taking root in and adapting to Britain and, as part of the new trend in 'identity politics', British race relations are increasingly being shaped by new forms of minority ethnic and religious assertiveness. What are these new forms of identities? To what extent are they rooted in cultural difference? Or are they mainly a reaction to racism? Do different minority groups emphasise different aspects of their heritage, and how do they reconcile a commitment to those heritages with being British? This book represents the first comparative study based on original fieldwork covering two generations of Caribbeans and the main South Asian groups on what their ethnic background means to them. It examines the basis of ethnic identity in family life, community languages, religions, marriage choices and in experiences of racial exclusion and forms of political solidarity. It highlights the changes that have taken place and are taking place between the migrant and British-born generation, and challenges those who think in terms of the simplistic oppositions of British-Alien or Black-White. The authors conclude that we need a new view of Britishness and the varieties and forms that it can encompass; a Britishness which allows minorities to make a claim upon it, and to be accepted without having to conform to a narrow cultural norm.
Misconceptions about “misconceptions”: Preservice secondary science teachers' views on the value and role of student ideas

There remains a lack of agreement in the field of science education as to whether student "misconceptions" ought to be considered obstacles or resources, and this hasimplicationsforthewaysinwhichprospectiveteachersthinkaboutthevalueoftheirstu- dents' ideas. This empirical study examines how 14 preservice secondary science teachers in four different science teacher preparation programs interpreted the rationale for eliciting student ideas. The findings indicate that the preservice teachers in this study showed an increase in recognizing the importance of student ideas, yet not all took the same view of their role and value in teaching, which appeared to be closely connected to beliefs about how learning takes place. Five different orientations to student ideas are described in the findings. These include viewing student ideas as evidence of content coverage, as obstacles to understanding, as tools to prime students thinking, interest, and activity, as elements of a positive classroom environment, and as the raw material of learning. The findings suggest that science teacher educators help focus preservice teachers' attention on student thinking and help them learn to incorporate their students' ideas into their instruction in ways that build upon those ideas. C
An Analysis of New Media’s Role in Mass Movements (With reference to Anna Hazare’s campaign ‘India Against Corruption’)

Mass movement refers to the concept which is supported by a large segment of population especially one which doesn’t involve much of the elite section. In India itself, we have witnessed many movements beginning from the struggle for independence to the current Anna Hazare’s Anti Corruption Movement. Media’s inevitable role in success of a campaign is well established and plays a vital role to make any campaign a success. The definition of media in today’s world has changed and it has turned into an integrated platform that deals with different modes of communication to make it more effective. In context of Hazare’s campaign; Internet & Social Media sites have been abuzz with articles/messages showing support for Anna Hazare’s fight against corruption and his plea to pass Jan Lokpal Bill. For example–Facebook now has over 100 pages dedicated to Anna Hazare and his campaign. New media being a most popular media among the youth is giving new dimensions. New media is a broad term in media studies that emerged in the latter part of the 20th century. For example, new media holds out a possibility of on-demand access to content anytime, anywhere, on any digital device, as well as interactive user feedback, creative participation and community formation around the media content. Another important promise of new media is the “democratization” of the creation, publishing, distribution and consumption of media content. Facebook is an example on the social media model, in which most users are also participants. Present paper is an attempt to demystify the role of new media as a tool to increase reach of mass movements. For the purpose of study data was collected from various pages of social networking sites and analyzed on the basis of set parameters. A small survey is also conducted through purposive sampling technique to add the audience perspective into the study. Result of the study has interesting story about the new media as well as mass movement and both are complementing each other. Though new media users are very few in number, yet a large audience rates new media as the best available platform to voice one’s opinion about a movement.
The relation of elementary-school children's externalizing behaviour to emotion attributions, evaluation of consequences, and moral reasoning

This study examined the relation of elementary-school children's externalizing behaviour to emotion attributions, evaluation of consequences, and moral reasoning. Externalizing behaviour was rated by the parents using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL/4 – 18). Moral development was assessed by three stories describing different types of rule violation and a moral conflict in friendship including obligations and self-interest. The children were asked about the emotions they would attribute to the hypothetical victimizer (or protagonist) and the self-as-victimizer (or protagonist), the evaluation of the interpersonal consequences of the rule violation (or action decision) as well as their justifications. Boys who made selfish action decisions and attributed positive emotions to the protagonist of the moral dilemma displayed more externalizing behaviour than girls. Furthermore, boys with consistent moral (negative) emotion attributions to the self-as-victimizer across the rule violations showed less externalizing behaviour than boys with inconsistent moral emotion attributions. Younger children who anticipated negative interpersonal consequences of transgressions displayed higher rates of externalizing behaviour than younger children who anticipated less negative consequences. Moral reasons in the context of emotion attributions to the self-as-victimizer were negatively associated with externalizing behaviour.
Organization Theory and the Market for Corporate Control: A Dynamic Analysis of the Characteristics of Large Takeover Targets, 1980-1990

Gerald F. Davis Northwestern University Suzanne K. Stout University of Texas at Dallas This paper describes how takeovers are accomplished and why they are not readily accommodated by existing organizational theories. We examined the factors that made organizations vulnerable to takeovers during the 1980s, using event-history techniques on time-series data covering all takeover bids for Fortune 500 firms between January 1980 and December 1990. The paper shows that greater organizational slack, age, and having a finance chief executive officer increased the risk of takeover; family control and financial characteristics such as a higher market-to-book ratio lowered the risk; while bank control and intercorporate network ties had no discernable effect. The results indicate an irony: Large corporations that were most successful by the standards of organization theory were most likely to be taken over in the 1980s. We argue that theory about organizations and environments has been premised on an assumption of managerialism that is no longer tenable and that it must adjust to the financial model of the corporation that now dominates economic and policy discourse. '
Real time simulations of wind turbine with pitch angle control using Fuzzy Logic

In this work, wind turbine pitch angle control using a Fuzzy controller in real time simulation is presented. This controller is implemented in RTDS™ (Real Time Digital Simulator). It was built based on knowledge of operation principles of wind turbines equipped with variable pitch angle control, not requiring mathematical models for this. An alternative for the Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers currently used is presented. The control was developed using CBuilder which is the C program compiler of RTDS™. It was used a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) equipped with PI controllers for pitch control. Simulations were performed varying the incident wind speed on a wind turbine equipped with PMSM. These simulations prove the efficiency of pitch control using Fuzzy Logic in real time simulations.