Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An integrative perspective of environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting: A conceptual paper

The motivation of this study stems from the importance of protecting the environment, addressing the social issues related to internal and external stakeholders of companies and also the importance of adhering to good corporate governance.This study attempts to explore an integrative perspective for reporting environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors. The issue of ESG reporting has recently been thrust into the limelight due to increased public concern for good governance, accountability and transparency.In response, companies have to attempt to provide more disclosures encompassing environmental, social and governance factors. Integrative perspective refers to a balanced, equitable and simultaneous consideration for each ESG factor to be practiced.Hence, integrative ESG reporting would provide a means of engagement and communication between companies and multiple stakeholders with various information needs.This article allows for future research with empirical research into the integrative ESG reporting practices of companies.
The Needed Adaptability for ERP Systems

The new market trends are forcing companies for constantly business process’ reorganizations in order to react quickly to the new economical challenges. Not always, enterprise information systems provide an appropriate response to these situations by several reasons, like technology failure, lack of adaptable configuration tools or even by the financial investment required, making it unaffordable to companies. This article presents a functional model for ERP systems (called FME) that would guarantee a baseline structure to build solutions which would provide a complete configuration, and therefore, a timely reaction for market fluctuations. This model has been developed also resuming some of the most used functionalities of the ERP systems available.
Hydrodynamic design of the humpback whale flipper

The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is reported to use its elongate pectoral flippers during swimming maneuvers. The morphology of the flipper from a 9.02‐m whale was evaluated with regard to this hydrodynamic function. The flipper had a wing‐like, high aspect ratio plan‐form. Rounded tubercles were regularly interspersed along the flipper's leading edge. The flipper was cut into 71 2.5‐cm cross‐sections and photographed. Except for sections near the distal tip, flipper sections were symmetrical with no camber. Flipper sections had a blunt, rounded leading edge and a highly tapered trailing edge. Placement of the maximum thickness placement for each cross‐section varied from 49% of chord at the tip to 19% at mid‐span. Section thickness ratio averaged 0.23 with a range of 0.20–0.28. The humpback whale flipper had a cross‐sectional design typical of manufactured aerodynamic foils for lift generation. The morphology and placement of leading edge tubercles sugges that they function as enhanced lift devices to control flow over the flipper and maintain lift at high angles of attack. The morphology of the humpback whale flipper suggests that it is adapted for high maneuverability associated with the whale's unique feeding behavior. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and characterization of microfluidic devices for rapid analysis systems )

This work presents a new concept of a hybrid Point-of-Care (POC) device developed for the detection of cancer biomarkers in blood, circulating DNA, for early cancer diagnostics. The device is composed of both, paper and polymeric based selfpowered microfluidic structures and it includes several modules with different funcEkaia 34 (ale berezia 2018). indd 115 5/3/18 13:39:41 116 EKAIA, ale berezia (2018) Jaione Etxebarria-Elezgarai, Susana Carregal-Romero, Charles Lawrie, Fernando Benito-Lopez, Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts tions: sample preparation, signal amplification and detection. This POC device will enable in situ analysis and quick delivery of results, as well as a low cost tool for diagnostics which could impact clinical decision making and personalized medicine.
A Case of Rapidly Declining Contamination of Antimalarial Tablet by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A case of an oral antimalarial tablet was analyzed microbiologically for microbial contamination immediately on the same manufacturing day (zero time) and was found to be contaminated by an exceptionally out-of-trend (OOT) bioburden of total viable aerobic count (TVAC) equals to 1233 ± 275 colony forming unit (CFU) ± SD/g of the medicinal product. The result of the test was observed only after two days. Hence, resampling and retesting processes were conducted promptly and interestingly all culture plates showed no signs of growth even after five days of incubation. Thus, the outcome was recorded as <100 CFU/g. Thus, the logarithmic (log10) reduction (LR) within a couple of days was 1.08 ± 0.09. The test was repeated again after that 15 times from different locations from the batch and again no sign of microbial presence was detected. The contamination was from single species of Gram-negative rods which were identified using miniaturized biochemical identification kits. A bacterium was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The case highlighted the importance of the test conduction time after manufacturing to detect the rapidly fading bioburden from the product otherwise misinterpretation of drug cleanliness and good manufacturing practice (GMP) will result. Another annoying issue also raised which is related to the possibility that the microbial cells may be still present but not able to grow. Thus, the microorganism may become viable-but-not-culturable (VBNC). This fact might allow for objectionable microbes to pass silently to the patients unnoticed.
Estimation robuste 3 D d ' un champ de d eformation pour le recalage inter-sujet d ' images c er ebrales

In this paper we propose a 3D method to estimate the optical ow, leading to a mono-modality registration of cerebral volumes. The problem is expressed as the minimization of a cost function, in which robust estimators are used. Furthermore we describe a general hierarchical optimization framework which is both multiresolution and multigrid with an adaptative partition of the volume. Results on real data are presented and discussed.
Destination Strategies to Enhance Secondary and Niche Tourism Products: Literature Review and Case Study

The topic of this article is enhancing destination competitiveness, with particular interest to entrepreneurial strategies able to valorise secondary and niche attractions. A literature review reveals that, by means of cooperation, local stakeholders could increase success of mass destinations, while promoting the discovery of niche attractions, with a positive impact on the whole territory. Also, the role of DMOs is important, facilitating cooperation among between private and public stakeholders and among private companies. Destination branding strategies could be set, to define the competitive advantages of a territory, leveraging on synergies among primary and secondary attractions. The specific case study of Liguria is proposed and analysed by means of a questionnaire, spread among potential tourists, so to investigate their perceptions about both the capacity of the territory to offer secondary tourism products and the existence and effectiveness of collaborative strategies among local stakeholders. This Italian region has a tourism concentrated during summertime (bathing season), but possesses other specific features, that could differentiate the offer and potentially attract tourists also in other periods. The questionnaire, in fact, reveals that many tourists also like to explore the inland, which should therefore be further promoted. It also emerges than about 9% of tourists didn’t take advantage of secondary tourism products, not being aware of them, while about 46% believe that secondary attractions could be interesting for tourism, but are not adequately exploited, due to the lack of both strategic cooperation among local businesses and direct promotion.
A Sex Disparity Among Earthquake Victims

Abstract Objective Understanding who is most vulnerable during an earthquake will help health care responders prepare for future disasters. We analyzed the demography of casualties from the Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand. Methods The demography of the total deceased, injured, and hospitalized casualties of the Christchurch earthquake was compared with that of the greater Christchurch population, the Christchurch central business district working population, and patients who presented to the single acute emergency department on the same month and day over the prior 10 years. Sex data were compared to scene of injury, context of injury, clinical characteristics of injury, and injury severity scores. Results Significantly more females than males were injured or killed in the entire population of casualties (P<0.001). Most of the deceased and hospitalized casualties were injured in the central business district (171/182 deceased [94%]; 33/91 hospitalized [36.2%]). Approximately half of both sexes were injured at home (1002/2032 males [49%]; 2390/4627 females [52%]) and >20% were injured at commercial or service localities (444/2032 males [22%]; 1105/4627 females [24%]). Adults aged between 20 and 69 years (1639/2032 males [81%]; 3717/4627 females [80%]) were most frequently injured. Conclusion Where people were and what they were doing at the time of the earthquake influenced their risk of injury. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:67-73)
Quantum Conductance Probing of Oxygen Vacancies in SrTiO3 Epitaxial Thin Film using Graphene

Quantum Hall conductance in monolayer graphene on an epitaxial SrTiO3 (STO) thin film is studied to understand the role of oxygen vacancies in determining the dielectric properties of STO. As the gate‐voltage sweep range is gradually increased in the device, systematic generation and annihilation of oxygen vacancies, evidenced from the hysteretic conductance behavior in the graphene, are observed. Furthermore, based on the experimentally observed linear scaling relation between the effective capacitance and the voltage sweep range, a simple model is constructed to manifest the relationship among the dielectric properties of STO with oxygen vacancies. The inherent quantum Hall conductance in graphene can be considered as a sensitive, robust, and noninvasive probe for understanding the electronic and ionic phenomena in complex transition‐metal oxides without impairing the oxide layer underneath.
An Innovative Indicator to Evaluate DRAM Cell Transistor Leakage Current Distribution

This paper is the first to propose an innovative method for measuring variations in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) cell transistors. Structural dispersion induces an extremely high cell leakage current, which determines aspects of DRAM performance such as refresh time (tREF). However, no method is currently available for evaluating variations, which is a serious problem in developing DRAM. Although the average leakage current from a test element group has been used as an index for determining cell leakage, it does not provide the distribution of unit cell leakage current. We find that cell leakage distribution can be calculated from the slope of the retention time-fail bit plot (defined as TF slope). A steep slope indicates a narrow cell leakage distribution, which corresponds to a narrower structural distribution, and therefore a long tREF. Using statistical models and experiments based on extensive data, our results confirm this relationship. Another impact and contribution of TF slope are that the development period can be saved because a wrong decision (which process is better) can be avoided. This method is used successfully as an indicator to estimate selected processes and to facilitate DRAM development.
Redirected Perforin-Dependent Lysis of Colon Carcinoma by Ex Vivo Genetically Engineered CTL1

The redirection of autologous lymphocytes to predefined tumor target Ags has considerable potential for the immunotherapeutic treatment of cancer; however, robust experimental systems for comparing various approaches have not been developed. Herein, we have generated a single chain variable domain anti-carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA) Fcε receptor I γ-chain fusion (scFv anti-CEA) receptor and demonstrated high-level expression of this chimeric receptor in naive mouse T lymphocytes by retroviral gene transduction. These gene-modified CTL were able to lyse CEA+ targets and secrete high levels of IFN-γ following Ag stimulation. Depletion studies demonstrated that specific tumor cell cytotoxicity was mediated by gene-modified CD8+ T cells. Importantly, in increasingly stringent tests of efficacy in vivo, transduced CTL were sequentially shown to reject CEA+ colon carcinoma cells in a Winn assay and then reject established s.c. colon carcinoma in scid or syngeneic mice. Furthermore, using gene-targeted and scFv anti-CEA receptor-transduced donor CTL, perforin and IFN-γ were demonstrated to be absolutely critical for the eradication of colon carcinoma in mice. In summary, we have developed a highly efficient gene transfer system for evaluating chimeric receptor expression in cytotoxic lymphocytes. This series of experiments has revealed the utility of scFv anti-CEA chimeras in providing mouse T cells the capacity to reject colon carcinoma in an Ag- and perforin-specific manner.
Correlating Atmospheric and Biological Markers in Studies of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Dose in Children and Adults

Objective: We sought to directly compare secondhand smoke (SHS) atmospheric markers to each other and to SHS dosimetric biomarkers, permitting intercomparison of clinical and atmospheric studies. Methods: We used atmospheric and pharmacokinetic (PK) models for the quantitative estimation of SHS exposure and dose for infants, children, and adults, based on building smoker density and air exchange rate, and from exposure duration, default PK parameters, and respiration rates. Results: We estimate the SHS serum cotinine doses for the typical and most-exposed individuals in the U.S. population; predictions compare well to measurements on a national probability sample. Using default respiration rates, we estimate serum cotinine dose from SHS nicotine exposure for 40 adults exposed to SHS in an environmental chamber; predictions agreed with observations. We correlate urine cotinine and hair nicotine levels for 127 infants exposed to parental smoking, and estimate corresponding atmospheric nicotine exposure via PK modeling. Conclusions: Our “Rosetta Stone” Equations allow the SHS atmospheric markers, respirable particles, nicotine, and carbon monoxide, to be related to the SHS biomarkers, cotinine in blood, urine, and saliva and nicotine in hair, permitting intercomparison of clinical and atmospheric studies of SHS for the first time.
PREDICT THE EMOTIONAL RESPONSES OF PARTICIPANTS ?

Music emotion recognition systems have been shown to perform well for musical genres such as film soundtracks and classical music. It seems difficult, however, to reach a satisfactory level of classification accuracy for popular music. Unlike genre, music emotion involves complex interactions between the listener, the music and the situation. Research on MER systems is handicapped due to the lack of empirical studies on emotional responses. In this paper, we present a study of music and emotion using two models of emotion. Participants’ responses on 80 music stimuli for the categorical and dimensional model, are compared. In addition, we collect 207 musical excerpts provided by participants for four basic emotion categories (happy, sad, relaxed, and angry). Given that these examples represent intense emotions, we use them to train musical features using support vector machines with different kernels and with random forests. The most accurate classifier, using random forests, is then applied to the 80 stimuli, and the results are compared with participants’ responses. The analysis shows similar emotional responses for both models of emotion. Moreover, if the majority of participants agree on the same emotion category, the emotion of the song is also likely to be recognised by our MER system. This indicates that subjectivity in music experience limits the performance of MER systems, and only strongly consistent emotional responses can be predicted.
Trabecular rod buckling index in thoraco‐lumbar vertebral bone †

The need for improved mechanistic understanding of cancellous bone failure is at the core of important clinical problems such as osteoporosis, as well as basic biological issues such as bone formation and adaptation. Three‐dimensional (3D) anaglyphs were produced from 15 T12 and L1 vertebral bodies, which encompass the adult life span in both sexes. The anaglyphs were viewed with red‐green stereo glasses, using an image analyzer, and trabecular thickness and trabecular length were measured. From biomechanical principles, the strength of individual trabeculae can be estimated from measurement of trabecular rod thickness and trabecular rod length as the load to buckling index. The distribution of the load to buckling index was best described by a log normal curve. Trabecular rod thickness, trabecular rod length, and load to buckling index for males were consistently greater than for females. With aging, trabecular rod thickness, and the load to buckling index decrease for males while trabecular rod length increases for females. In this study, the load to buckling index for thoraco‐lumbar vertebral trabecular rods potentially quantifies a greater risk of vertebral fracture for females. Decreased trabecular rod thickness or increased trabecular rod length result in the strength of trabeculae shifting closer to a putative fracture threshold. The corollary being that there is a reduced safety margin for resistance to mechanical loads for the vertebral bodies. The 3D anaglyph technique for measuring trabecular dimensions provides an accurate and precise methodology by which these morphological studies can be undertaken. Clin. Anat. 19:12–18, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emergence of exploitation as symmetry breaking in iterated prisoner's dilemma

In society, mutual cooperation, defection, and asymmetric exploitative relationships are common. Whereas cooperation and defection are studied extensively in the literature on game theory, asymmetric exploitative relationships between players are little explored. In a recent study, Press and Dyson demonstrate that if only one player can learn about the other, asymmetric exploitation is achieved in the prisoner's dilemma game. In contrast, however, it is unknown whether such one-way exploitation is stably established when both players learn about each other symmetrically and try to optimize their payoffs. Here, we first formulate a dynamical system that describes the change in a player's probabilistic strategy with reinforcement learning to obtain greater payoffs, based on the recognition of the other player. By applying this formulation to the standard prisoner's dilemma game, we numerically and analytically demonstrate that an exploitative relationship can be achieved despite symmetric strategy dynamics and symmetric rule of games. This exploitative relationship is stable, even though the exploited player, who receives a lower payoff than the exploiting player, has optimized the own strategy. Whether the final equilibrium state is mutual cooperation, defection, or exploitation, crucially depends on the initial conditions: Punishment against a defector oscillates between the players, and thus a complicated basin structure to the final equilibrium appears. In other words, slight differences in the initial state may lead to drastic changes in the final state. Considering the generality of the result, this study provides a new perspective on the origin of exploitation in society.
A susceptibility locus for human systemic lupus erythematosus (hSLE1) on chromosome 2q.

To identify chromosomal regions containing susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we performed genome scans in families with multiple SLE patients from Iceland, a geographical and genetic isolate, and from Sweden. A number of chromosomal regions showed maximum lod scores (Z) indicating possible linkage to SLE in both the Icelandic and Swedish families. In the Icelandic families, five regions showed lod scores greater than 2.0, three of which (4p15-13, Z=3.20; 9p22, Z=2.27; 19q13, Z=2.06) are homologous to the murine regions containing the lmb2, sle2 and sle3 loci, respectively. The fourth region is located on 19p13 (D19S247, Z=2.58) and the fifth on 2q37 (D2S125, Z=2.06). Only two regions showed lod scores above 2.0 in the Swedish families: on chromosome 2q11 (D2S436, Z=2. 13) and 2q37 (D2S125, Z=2.18). The combination of both family sets gave a highly significant lod score at D2S125 of Z=4.24 in favor of linkage for 2q37. This region represents a new locus for SLE. Our results underscore the importance of studying well-defined populations for genetic analysis of complex diseases such as SLE.
The Case for a Large-scale Occultation Network

We discuss the feasibility of and present initial designs and approximate cost estimates for a large (N ∼ 2000) network of small photometric telescopes that is purpose-built to monitor V ≲ 15 Gaia mission program stars for occultations by minor solar system bodies. The implementation of this network would permit measurement of the solar system’s tidal gravity field to high precision, thereby revealing the existence of distant trans-Neptunian objects such as the proposed “Planet Nine. ” As a detailed example of the network capabilities, we investigate how occultations by Jovian Trojans can be monitored to track the accumulation of gravitational perturbations, thereby constraining the presence of undetected massive solar system bodies. We also show that the tidal influence of Planet Nine can be discerned from that of smaller, nearer objects in the Kuiper Belt. Moreover, ephemerides for all small solar system bodies observed in occultation could be significantly improved using this network, thereby improving spacecraft navigation and refining solar system modeling. Finally, occultation monitoring would generate direct measurements of size distributions for asteroid populations, permitting a better understanding of their origins.