Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of rapid limb movements for balance recovery: age-related changes and implications for fall prevention.

BACKGROUND balancing reactions that involve rapid stepping or reaching movements are critical for preventing falls. These compensatory reactions are much more rapid than volitional limb movements and can be very effective in decelerating the centre-of-mass motion induced by sudden unpredictable balance perturbation; however, age-related deterioration in the neural, sensory and/or musculoskeletal systems may impede the ability to execute these reactions effectively. OBJECTIVE this paper summarises recent research regarding age-related changes in compensatory stepping and reaching reactions and the practical implications of these findings for fall prevention programmes. RESULTS even healthy older adults experience pronounced difficulties. For stepping reactions, the main problems pertain to control of lateral stability--arresting the lateral body motion that occurs during forward and backward steps, and controlling lateral foot movement so as to avoid collision with the stance limb during lateral steps. Older adults appear to be more reliant on arm reactions than young adults but are less able to execute reach-to-grasp reactions rapidly. CONCLUSIONS it is important for clinicians to assess compensatory stepping and reaching, in order to identify individuals who are at risk of falling and to pinpoint specific control problems to target for balance or strength training or other intervention. More effective use of stepping and reaching reactions can be promoted through improved design and appropriate use of sensory aids, mobility aids, footwear, handrails and grab-bars. It is particularly important to address the problems associated with the control of lateral stability because it is the lateral falls that are most likely to result in hip fracture.
Smart sensor design and analysis of brain machine interface using labview

Communication for physically challenged people is indispensable for their day to day activities. This paper presents the hardware design of smart sensors for brain machine interface which is used for acquiring the bio potential signals from three different sensors such as EEG, Eyeball and the Eye blink signals. The design was analyzed and validated using Lab View. Bio-signals from the forehead, scalp and eye movements are acquired and the artifacts generated by spurious signals are filtered out using band pass filters. Transmission and reception of these signals over wireless media assists the partially paralytic patients by taking these signals as commands and, to be independent in doing their daily chores The paper aims in exploiting the qualities of MULTISIM functionality, design complexity, and hence the design time of these signal circuits are significantly reduced and a comparative analysis is done to prove the design of the hardware developed is accurate to an extent of 90%.
Wireless physical layer security using channel state information

In this paper we consider the problem of secure communication between two nodes, over a fading wireless medium, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. We propose a scheme that provides security based on transforming the basic signal constellation to a higher order signal constellation with the help of conventional encryption method and then using channel knowledge (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to distort the constellation of encrypted data. This scheme not only makes the estimation of the constellation difficult but also the type of modulation that is used for the adversary. BER (bit error rate) is used as performance metric. We find that the adversary suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart.
Attraction Rates, Robustness, and Discretization of Attractors

We investigate necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of attractors of discrete time dynamical systems induced by numerical one-step approximations of ODEs to an attractor for the approximated ODE. We show that both the existence of uniform attraction rates (i.e., uniform speed of convergence toward the attractors) and uniform robustness with respect to perturbations of the numerical attractors are necessary and sufficient for this convergence property. In addition, we can conclude estimates for the rate of convergence in the Hausdorff metric.
90 40 83 v 1 3 0 A pr 1 99 9 Black Holes and Wormholes in 2 + 1 Dimensions ∗

Vacuum Einstein theory in three spacetime dimensions is locally trivial, but admits many solutions that are globally different, particularly if there is a negative cosmological constant. The classical theory of such locally “anti-de Sitter” spaces is treated in an elementary way, using visualizable models. Among the objects discussed are black holes, spaces with multiple black holes, their horizon structure, closed universes, and the topologies that are possible.
What do We Know about Neonatal Cognition?

Research on neonatal cognition has developed very recently in comparison with the long history of research on child behavior. The last sixty years of research have provided a great amount of evidence for infants’ numerous cognitive abilities. However, only little of this research concerns newborn infants. What do we know about neonatal cognition? Using a variety of paradigms, researchers became able to probe for what newborns know. Amongst these results, we can distinguish several levels of cognitive abilities. First, at the perceptual or sensory level, newborns are able to process information coming from the social world and the physical objects through all their senses. They are able to discriminate between object shapes and between faces; that is, they are able to detect invariants, remember and recognize them. Second, newborns are able to abstract information, to compare different inputs and to match them across different sensory modalities. We will argue that these two levels can be considered high-level cognitive abilities: they constitute the foundations of human cognition. Furthermore, while some perceptual competencies can stem from the fetal period, many of these perceptual and cognitive abilities cannot be a consequence of the environment surrounding the newborn before birth.
Image Quality Assessment for Fake Biometric Detection: Application To Face and Fingerprint Recognition

Security is major concern for today's scenario. A high level industry uses passwords like thumb, face, voice, iris, etc. So many security systems are available. But not so reliable. So we have implemented two stage security system which is very precise and reliable. The system has two stages which is embedded system. Even if any stage is cracked falsely, unauthorized entry will be detected.Liveness detection methods are usually classified into two techniques. First is a Software- based techniques, in this case the fake trait is detected once the sample has been acquired with a standard sensor (i.e., features used to distinguish between real and fake traits are extracted from the biometric sample, and not from the trait itself). and second is a Hardware-based techniques, which add some specific device to the sensor in order to detect particular properties of a living trait (e.g., fingerprint sweat, blood pressure). The thumb samples are stored in the sensor If there is a fake samples which does not match with the stored samples (i.e.Face,Fingerprint) then the buzzer will beep continuously.
Research Challenges for Enterprise Cloud Computing

Cloud computing represents a shift away from computing as a product that is purchased, to computing as a service that is delivered to consumers over the internet from large-scale data centers - or "clouds". This paper discusses some of the research challenges for cloud computing from an enterprise or organizational perspective, and puts them in context by reviewing the existing body of literature in cloud computing. Various research challenges relating to the following topics are discussed: the organizational changes brought about by cloud computing; the economic and organizational implications of its utility billing model; the security, legal and privacy issues that cloud computing raises. It is important to highlight these research challenges because cloud computing is not simply about a technological improvement of data centers but a fundamental change in how IT is provisioned and used. This type of research has the potential to influence wider adoption of cloud computing in enterprise, and in the consumer market too.
Asia-Pacific region and SDI activities

Director, Professor of Surveying and Land Information, Phone: +61 3 8344 4431 Fax: +61 3 9347 4128 Email: ianpw@unimelb.edu. au Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia http://www.geom. unimelb.edu. au/research/SDI_research/
Computationally efficient two-dimensional Capon spectrum analysis

We present a computationally efficient algorithm for computing the 2-D Capon (1969) spectral estimator. The implementation is based on the fact that the 2-D data covariance matrix will have a Toeplitz-block-Toeplitz structure, with the result that the inverse covariance matrix can be expressed in closed form by using a special case of the Gohberg-Heinig (1974) formula that is a function of strictly the forward 2-D prediction matrix polynomials. Furthermore, we present a novel method, based on a 2-D lattice algorithm, to compute the needed forward prediction matrix polynomials and discuss the difference in the so-obtained 2-D spectral estimate as compared with the one obtained by using the prediction matrix polynomials given by the Whittle-Wiggins-Robinson (1963, 1965) algorithm. Numerical simulations illustrate the improved resolution as well as the clear computational gain in comparison to both the well-known classical implementation and the method published by Liu et al.(see IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol.34, p.1314-19, 1998).
Towards efficient pipe maintenance: DeWaLoP in-pipe robot stability controller

This paper describes the stability controller of the DeWaLoP (Developing Water Loss Prevention) in-pipe robot. The robot's objective is to redevelop the pipe joints of fresh water supply systems by crawling into water canals and applying a restoration material to repair the pipes. The robot's structure consists of six wheeled-legs, three on the front separated 120° and three on the back in the same configuration, supporting the structure along the centre of the pipe. The robot, by maintaining its structure in the pipe's centre, enables the cleaning and sealing tools to work properly by rotating around the inner circumference of the pipe, similar to a cylindrical robot, covering the entire 3D in-pipe space. Likewise, the tools may exert different forces while working, pushing or pulling the structure of the robot and moving it out of its centered position. Moreover, the pipes have maximum degree of pressure of 6 bar, meaning that the pipes can break if the forces are not balanced. Therefore, robot requires to be calibrated at the center of the pipe before the maintenance task is implemented and a dynamic controller is needed to maintain a proportional pressure on each of the robot's wheeled-legs for balancing the robot when the tools system (cleaning and sealing systems) are working.
Global Iron Connections Between Desert Dust, Ocean Biogeochemistry, and Climate

The environmental conditions of Earth, including the climate, are determined by physical, chemical, biological, and human interactions that transform and transport materials and energy. This is the “Earth system”: a highly complex entity characterized by multiple nonlinear responses and thresholds, with linkages between disparate components. One important part of this system is the iron cycle, in which iron-containing soil dust is transported from land through the atmosphere to the oceans, affecting ocean biogeochemistry and hence having feedback effects on climate and dust production. Here we review the key components of this cycle, identifying critical uncertainties and priorities for future research.
Force-Free Models of Magnetically Linked Star-Disk Systems

Disk accretion onto a magnetized star occurs in a variety of astrophysical contexts, from young stars to X-ray pulsars. The magnetohydrodynamic interaction between the stellar field and the accreting matter can have a strong effect on the disk structure, the transfer of mass and angular momentum between the disk and the star, and the production of bipolar outflows, e.g., plasma jets. We study a key element of this interaction - the time evolution of the magnetic field configuration brought about by the relative rotation between the disk and the star - using simplified, largely semianalytic, models. We first discuss the rapid inflation and opening up of the magnetic field lines in the corona above the accretion disk, which is caused by the differential rotation twisting. Then we consider additional physical effects that tend to limit this expansion, such as the effect of plasma inertia and the possibility of reconnection in the disk's corona, the latter possibly leading to repeated cycles in the evolution. We also derive the condition for the existence of a steady state for a resistive disk and conclude that a steady state configuration is not realistically possible. Finally, we generalize our analysis of the opening of magnetic field lines by using a non-self-similar numerical model that applies to an arbitrarily rotating (e.g. keplerian) disk.
The impact of cache misses on the performance of matrix product algorithms on multicore platforms

The multicore revolution is underway, bringing new chips introducing more complex memory architectures. Classical algorithms must be revisited in order to take the hierarchical memory layout into account. In this paper, we aim at designing cache-aware algorithms that minimize the number of cache misses paid during the execution of the matrix product kernel on a multicore processor. We analytically show how to achieve the best possible tradeoff between shared and distributed caches. We implement and evaluate several algorithms on two multicore platforms, one equipped with one Xeon quadcore, and the second one enriched with a GPU. It turns out that the impact of cache misses is very different across both platforms, and we identify what are the main design parameters that lead to peak performance for each target hardware configuration.
Sex differences in the application of evidence-based therapies for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: the American College of Cardiology's Guidelines Applied in Practice projects in Michigan.

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are less likely to receive evidence-based care compared with men. The American College of Cardiology's AMI Guidelines Applied in Practice (GAP) program has been shown to increase the rates of evidence-based medicine use and reduce mortality in patients with AMI. The objective of this study was to investigate the relative benefits of the GAP program in men and women. METHODS By using a predesign-postdesign, standard orders, and a discharge tool to improve evidence-based indicator rates and long-term mortality in patients with AMI in Michigan, this study compared the success of GAP in men vs women. Logistic regression was used to develop predictive models for death at 30 days and 1 year in men and women. RESULTS Use of evidence-based care, including use of beta-blockers and aspirin in men and women at hospital discharge and lipid-lowering agent use in men, was higher in the post-GAP sample (P<.01 for all). Use of the discharge tool promoted by the GAP program was independently protective against death at 1 year in women (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.79), and a trend existed for similar results in men (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-1.06). However, the tool was used slightly less often with women (27.9% vs 33.96%; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS The GAP program increased the use of evidence-based therapies in male and female patients. In addition, the GAP discharge tool may decrease mortality rates at 1 year in patients with AMI; however, the tool was used less often with women. Greater use of the GAP discharge tool in women might narrow the post-MI sex mortality gap.
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Triphenyl Phosphate

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a triester of phosphoric acid and phenol. It is commonly used as a fire-retarding agent and plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. The present study was an attempt to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of TPP. The study was carried out in two groups i.e. control and treatment. The treatment group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. The control and treated samples of TPP were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD study revealed the decrease in crystallite size (6.13%) of treated TPP that might be due to presence of strains and increase in atomic displacement from their ideal lattice positions as compared to control sample. DSC thermogram of treated TPP showed the increase in melting temperature (1.5%) and latent heat of fusion (66.34%) with respect to control. TGA analysis showed the loss in weight by 66.79% in control and 47.96% in treated sample. This reduction in percent weight loss suggests the increase of thermal stability in treated sample as compared to control. FT-IR and UV spectroscopic results did not show the alteration in the wavenumber and wavelength of FT-IR and UV spectra, respectively in treated TPP with respect to control. Altogether, the XRD and DSC/TGA results suggest that biofield treatment has the impact on physical and thermal properties of treated TPP.
Probability Assignments with Worst-Case Coding Length Constraints

Consider a lossless coding system in which it is undesirable for the output to be too long, yet the expected coding length must remain small. How do we design the coding scheme to satisfy a constraint on the worst-case coding length, and what is the excess expected coding length required by such a constraint? We compress lengthN binary inputs x ∈ {0, 1} with per-symbol entropy H , and assume that the probability assignment q(x) used for arithmetic coding requires a coding length of − log(q(x)) bits. Given the true probability mass function, and a worstcase length of N +∆ bits (q(x) ≥ 2), we provide the optimal probability assignment. We then upper-bound the excess expected coding length above NH by approximately 2/ ln(2) bits. We also discuss sequential and strongly-sequential methods that must satisfy worst-case coding length constraints. Surprisingly, the optimal constrained probability assignment enables sequential coding. However, strongly sequential coding is more difficult and is left for future research.
Inflation Announcements, Federal Reserve Bias and Stock Returns

In this article, we found that the US stock prices react only to the unexpected component of U.S. inflation announcements, with such impact statistically significant only in a situation of economic recession. We also show that the impact of the unexpected component of inflation announcements is also dependent upon the 'signals' that the Federal Reserve sends to the market (the known Federal Reserve Bias). In fact, we found a negative correlation between the unexpected component of macroeconomic announcements and stock price returns, this correlation being statistically significant when the Federal Reserve discloses a Neutral Bias.
Design of a Large-Scale Hybrid-Parallel Graph Library

The focus of traditional scientific computing has been in solving large systems of PDEs (and the corresponding linear algebra problems that they induce). Hardware architectures, computer systems, and software platforms have evolved together to efficiently support solving these kinds of problems. Similar attention has not been devoted to solving large-scale graph problems. Recently this class of applications has seen increased attention. The irregular, nonlocal, and dynamic characteristics of these problems require new programming techniques to adapt them to modern HPC systems offering multiple levels of parallelism. We describe a library for implementing graph algorithms based on asynchronous execution of fine-grained, concurrent operations. Prototype implementations of two graph kernels which combine lightweight graph metadata transactions with generalized active messages demonstrate that it is possible to implement graph applications which efficiently leverage both sharedand distributed-memory parallelism.
Pharmacological basis for the use of nimodipine in central nervous system disorders

Nimodipine, a Ca2+ antagonist with cerebrovasodilatory and anti‐ischemic effects, binds to rat, guinea pig, and human brain membranes with high affinity (less than 1 nM). Only at higher concentrations has nimodipine been reported to block the release of some neurotransmitters and hormones from neuronal tissue. Nimodipine has no consistent effect on brain oxygen consumption or cortical ATP or phosphocreatine levels, although the ischemia‐induced fall of brain ATP levels in gerbils or the lowering of intracellular brain pH in rabbits with focal cerebral ischemia were antagonized by the drug. In rats and baboons with middle cerebral artery occlusion, nimodipine was found to reduce neurological deficits without an increase in intracranial pressure or brain edema. Electrophysiological studies with nimodipine suggested a direct neuronal action. In rabbit dorsal root ganglion cells, concentrations as low as 20 nM were reported to block inward Ca2+ currents. Recent studies have suggested that nimodipine may also improve memory in brain‐damaged or old rats, restore sensorimotor function and abnormal walking patterns of old rats, and accelerate acquisition of associative learning in aging rabbits. Blockade of age‐related changes in Ca2+ fluxes in rat hippocampal neurones by nimodipine in vitro pointed to neuronal plasma membrane as the site of nimodipine action. The therapeutic usefulness of nimodipine appears not to be limited to cerebral ischemia, but may include dementia, age‐related degenerative diseases, epilepsy, and ethanol intoxication. —Scriabine, A. ; Schuurman, T. ; Traber, J. Pharmacological basis for the use of nimodipine in central nervous system disorders. FASEB J. 3: 1799‐1806; 1989.
Image registration based on Mexican-hat wavelets and pseudo-Zernike moments

Image registration is a key technique in pattern recognition and image processing, and it is widely used in many application areas such as computer vision, remote sensing, image fusion and object tracking. A method for image registration combining Mexican-hat wavelets and pseudo-Zernike moments is proposed. Firstly, feature points are extracted using scale-interaction Mexican-hat wavelets in the reference image and sensed image respectively. Then, pseudo-Zernike moments are used to match them and classical RANSAC used to eliminate the wrong matches. And then, the well match points are used to estimate the best affine transform parameters by least squares minimization. At last, the sensed image is transformed and resampled to accomplish the image registration. The experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm extracts feature points and matches them exactly and eliminates wrong matched points effectively and achieves nice registration results.