Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Stripe 82 1–2 GHz Very Large Array Snapshot Survey: multiwavelength counterparts

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. We have combined spectroscopic and photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with 1.4 GHz radio observations, conducted as part of the Stripe 82 1-2 GHz Snapshot Survey using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, which covers ~100 sq deg, to a flux limit of 88 μJy rms. Cross-matching the 11 768 radio source components with optical data via visual inspection results in a final sample of 4794 cross-matched objects, of which 1996 have spectroscopic redshifts and 2798 objects have photometric redshifts. Three previously undiscovered giant radio galaxies were found during the cross-matching process, which would have been missed using automated techniques. For the objects with spectroscopy, we separate radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star-forming galaxies (SFGs) using three diagnostics and then further divide our radio-loud AGN into the high and low excitation radio galaxy (HERG and LERG) populations. A control-matched sample of HERGs and LERGs, matched on stellar mass, redshift, and radio luminosity, reveals that the host galaxies of LERGs are redder and more concentrated than HERGs. By combining with near-infrared data, we demonstrate that LERGs also follow a tight K - z relationship. These results imply the LERG populations are hosted by population ofmassive, passively evolving early-type galaxies. We go on to show that HERGs, LERGs, quasars, and SFGs in our sample all reside in different regions of aWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer colour-colour diagram. This cross-matched sample bridges the gap between previous 'wide but shallow' and 'deep but narrow' samples and will be useful for a number of future investigations.
The software system ``Evolution of radio galaxies''

Abstract The project of the informational system creation on the problem of evolution of radio galaxies is described. This system, which is currently being developed, will allow a user to operate with simulated curves of spectral energy distributions (SED) and to estimate ages and red-shifts by photometrical data. Authors use SEDs of several models (GISSEL96 (Bruzual, Charlot, 1996), PEGASE (Fioc, Rocca-Volmerange, 1996) and Poggianti (1996)) for different types of galaxies. Planned modes of access, formats of output result and additional functions are described.
Even Simultaneous Bilinguals Do Not Reach Monolingual Levels of Proficiency in Syntax

While there is no doubt that children raised bilingual can become extremely proficient in both languages, theorists are divided on whether bilingualism is effectively monolingualism twice (the “Two Monolinguals in One Brain” hypothesis) or differs in some fundamental way from monolingualism. A strong version of the “Two Monolinguals” hypothesis predicts that bilinguals can achieve monolingual-level proficiency in either (or both) of their languages. Recently, Bylund and Abrahamsson argued that evidence of lower syntactic proficiency in simultaneous bilinguals was due to confounds of language dominance; when simultaneous bilinguals are tested in their primary language, any difference disappears. We find no evidence for this hypothesis. Meta-analysis and Monte Carlo simulation show that variation in published results is fully consistent with sampling error, with no evidence that method mattered. Meta-analytic estimates strongly indicate lower syntactic performance by simultaneous bilinguals relative to monolinguals. Re-analysis of a large dataset (N = 115,020) confirms this finding, even controlling for language dominance. Interestingly, the effect is relatively small, challenging current theories.
Evading the trans-Planckian problem with Vaidya spacetimes

Hawking radiation, originally derived in the ray optics limit, exhibits the unfortunate trans-Planckian problem—a Hawking photon near spatial infinity, if back-tracked to the immediate vicinity of the horizon is hugely blue-shifted and found to have had trans-Planckian energy. (And if back-tracked all the way to the horizon, the photon is formally infinitely blue-shifted, and formally acquires infinite energy.) Unruh has forcefully argued that this implies that the Hawking flux represents a vacuum instability in the presence of a horizon, and that the Hawking photons are actually emitted from some region exterior to the horizon. We seek to make this idea more precise and somewhat explicit by building a purely kinematical model for Hawking evaporation based on two Vaidya spacetimes (outer and inner) joined across a thin time-like boundary layer. The kinematics of this model is already quite rich, and we shall defer consideration of the dynamics for subsequent work. In particular we shall present an explicit calculation of the 4-acceleration of the shell (including the effects of gravity, motion, and the outgoing null flux) and relate this 4-acceleration to the Unruh temperature.
Accurate procedure for the calibration of a structured light system

A procedure is proposed to calibrate a generic structured light system, consisting of one camera and one projector. The proposed pro- cedure is based on defining a unique coordinate system for both devices in the structured light system, and thus, a rigidity constraint is introduced into the transformation process. This constraint is used to derivate a simple function for the simultaneous estimation of the parameters, result- ing in parameters that are more reliable. The performance of the pro- posed procedure is shown on examples of the calibration of two different structured light systems. © 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engi- neers. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1635373)
The Twin Paradoxes of Compact Groups: Discordant Excess Muted But the Dynamical Puzzle Persists

We consider the twin paradoxes posed by compact groups that involve: (1) gravitational instability of physically dense accordant groups and (2) a plethora of discordant redshift components. We reconsider the statistics of Hickson compact groups and discordant redshift components and find that: (a) only 82 of the 100 groups actually satisfy the stated selection criteria, (b) 61 of the 82 are bona fide compact groups defined as accordant systems of at least four galaxies, (c) the 39 “false” groups are found in regions with twice as high an average galaxy surface density as the true groups, and (d) of the 17 discordant components in 13 true groups, only six fall inside the smallest circle enclosing the accordant system. Thus the verifiable, and hence testable, discordant excess is reduced to six compared to an expectation of 1.5 galaxies. Much more effort has been devoted to finding a solution to the second paradox. We discuss the challenge to current models posed by observations that imply little or no present, or past, merging in compact groups.
The key player problem in complex oscillator networks and electric power grids: Resistance centralities identify local vulnerabilities

Most vulnerable components identified by resistance centralities in electric power grids. Identifying key players in coupled individual systems is a fundamental problem in network theory. We investigate synchronizable network-coupled dynamical systems such as high-voltage electric power grids and coupled oscillators on complex networks. We define key players as nodes that, once perturbed, generate the largest excursion away from synchrony. A spectral decomposition of the coupling matrix gives an elegant solution to this identification problem. We show that, when the coupling matrix is Laplacian, key players are peripheral in the sense of a centrality measure defined from effective resistance distances. For linearly coupled systems, the ranking is efficiently obtained through a single Laplacian matrix inversion, regardless of the operational synchronous state. The resulting ranking index is termed LRank. When nonlinearities are present, a weighted Laplacian matrix inversion gives another ranking index, WLRank. LRank provides a faithful ranking even for well-developed nonlinearities, corresponding to oscillator angle differences up to approximately Δθ ≲ 40°.
Mid-infrared polarimetry and magnetic fields : an observing strategy

Linear polarimetry in the mid-infrared can be used to obtain magnetic field directions in astronomical sources. However, since the polarization can arise from emission and/or absorption from aligned grains, care is needed to plan observations so that enough information is obtained to identify and separate the components of polarization. Procedures for doing this from spectropolarimetry, and from polarimetric imaging at a minimum of two wavebands and making an appropriate filter choice, are presented here, together with an example.
The Unusually Long Duration Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 000911: Discovery of the Afterglow and Host Galaxy

Of all the well-localized gamma-ray bursts, GRB 000911 has the longest duration (T90 = 500 s) and ranks in the top 1% of BATSE bursts for fluence. Here we report the discovery of the afterglow of this unique burst. In order to simultaneously fit our radio and optical observations, we are required to invoke a model involving a hard electron distribution, p ~ 1.5, and a jet-break time less than 1.5 days. A spectrum of the host galaxy taken 111 days after the burst reveals a single emission line, interpreted as [O II] at a redshift z = 1.0585, and a continuum break that we interpret as the Balmer limit at this redshift. Despite the long T90, the afterglow of GRB 000911 is not unusual in any other way when compared to the set of afterglows studied to date. We conclude that the duration of the GRB plays little part in determining the physics of the afterglow.
Feynmann's solution of the quintessential problem in solid state physics

Two of the most influential ideas developed by Richard Feynman are the Feynman diagram technique [1] and his variational approach [2]. The former provides a powerful tool to construct a systematic expansion for generic interacting system, while the latter allows optimization of a perturbation theory using a variational principle. Here we show that combining a variational approach with a new diagrammatic quantum Monte Carlo method [3–9], both based on the Feynman’s original ideas, results in a powerful and accurate solver to the generic solid state problem, in which a macroscopic number of electrons interact by the long range Coulomb repulsion. We apply the solver to the quintessential problem of solid state, the uniform electron gas (UEG) [10], which is at the heart of the density functional theory (DFT) success in describing real materials, yet it has not been adequately solved for over 90 years. While some wave-function properties, like the ground state energy, have been very accurately calculated by the diffusion Monte Carlo method (DMC) [11], the static and dynamic response functions, which are directly accessed by the experiment, remain poorly understood. Our method allows us to calculate the momentumfrequency resolved spin response functions for the first time, and to improve on the precision of the charge response function. The accuracy of both response functions is sufficiently high, so as to uncover previously missed fine structure in these responses. This method can be straightforwardly applied to a large number of moderately interacting electron systems in the thermodynamic limit, including realistic models of metallic and semiconducting solids.
Voice activity detection over multiresolution subspaces

In this paper, voice activity detection (VAD) is posed as a binary detection problem of an unknown speech signal in both stationary (vehicular) and nonstationary (babble) noise environments. Optimal detection methods are applied on the wavelet transform coefficients of a signal segment to determine the presence of speech. Theoretical analysis is done to justify the effectiveness of multiresolution decomposition on the computation of the noise eigenvalues and vectors and sufficient statistics. VAD results are compared to optimal detection without wavelet transformation and to an energy based method which is used as control. The results show the superiority of the proposed method as increased accuracy in detection.
VSOP Observations of the Gamma-Ray Sources J1733−1304, J1625−2527, and J1015+4926

We present images from VSOP (VLBI Space Observatory Programme) and VLBA (Very Long Baseline Array) observations of the active galactic nuclei J1733 − 1304, J1625 − 2527, and J1015+4926. These three sources have been identiﬁed as possible counterparts to gamma-ray sources in the third EGRET catalog. In general, the counterparts to extragalactic EGRET sources have very compact structure, with brightness temperatures ( T b ) greater than 10 11 –10 12 K. Evidence for compactness in gamma-ray emitting AGNs is also given by the variability seen from gamma-ray to radio frequencies. In this report, we compare the images of the three sources with previously published images and also examine jet motions and spectral indices. The measured T b of J1733 − 1304 are an order of magnitude lower than previous T b measurements, suggesting that the VSOP observations were made while the source was in a relatively quiescent state after the radio outburst of 1995–1997. The relatively low T b of J1625 − 2527 is also consistent with the highly variable nature of this source. A comparison of the VSOP observation of J1015+4926 with a VLBA image made 2.2 yr earlier suggests the existence of stationary jet components in this source.
The Relationship Between Nursing Practice Environment and Innovative Behavior in the Al-Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Study

Background and objective A positive and supportive practice environment is essential for inspiring innovation in nursing. Innovative behaviors (IBs) could motivate nurses to devise solutions in several domains, such as identifying and solving workplace problems, building new work methods, delivering their services efficiently and effectively, adopting new medical technology advancements, and leading the change process to face current challenges in healthcare. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the nursing practice environment (NPE) and IB in the Al-Madinah region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional correlational design was employed for the study. The convenience sample consisted of 330 bedside nurses working in five general hospitals in the Al-Madinah region who voluntarily completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of queries related to demographic and professional characteristics, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and the Innovative Behavior Inventory (IBI). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation. Results Based on the study findings, the NPE was favorable. The overall PES-NWI mean score was 2.62 ± 0.50, and the mean scores of four of the five subscales were >2.50. The collegial nurse-physician relations subscale was perceived as the most favorable (2.87 ± 0.59), while staffing and resource adequacy was perceived as unfavorable (2.35 ± 0.65). The overall IBI mean score was 3.53 ± 0.56, indicating that nurses had a moderate level of agreement on IB. The highest mean score in IB was in the idea search domain (3.72 ± 0.77), while it was lowest in the implementation of starting activities domain (3.11 ± 0.86). Conclusions The correlation between the NPE and IB was positive and statistically significant. However, the correlation of the staffing and resources adequacy subscale in relation to subscales of idea search, overcoming obstacles, and innovation output did not reach statistical significance. Healthcare organizations should incorporate the principles of work innovation and healthy nursing work environments into their core values and enhance and nurture them through strategic management.
Lightly phosphorus-doped homoepitaxial diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition

Lightly phosphorus-doped {111} homoepitaxial diamond films have been grown by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition under optimized growth conditions. The Phosphorus concentration in the film can be controlled at a low doping level of the order of 1016cm−3. N-type conductivity of the films with phosphorus concentrations above 1×1016cm−3 is reproducibly confirmed by Hall-effect measurements in the temperature range from 300to873K. The highest value of the Hall mobility at room temperature is 660cm2∕Vs obtained for a film with a phosphorus concentration of 7×1016cm−3.
Identification of Typical Ecosystem Types by Integrating Active and Passive Time Series Data of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China

The identification of ecosystem types is important in ecological environmental assessment. However, due to cloud and rain and complex land cover characteristics, commonly used ecosystem identification methods have always lacked accuracy in subtropical urban agglomerations. In this study, China’s Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) was taken as a study area, and the Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data were used as the fusion of active and passive remote sensing data with time series data to distinguish typical ecosystem types in subtropical urban agglomerations. Our results showed the following: (1) The importance of different features varies widely in different types of ecosystems. For grassland and arable land, two specific texture features (VV_dvar and VH_diss) are most important; in forest and mangrove areas, synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data for the months of October and September are most important. (2) The use of active time series remote sensing data can significantly improve the classification accuracy by 3.33%, while passive time series remote sensing data improves by 4.76%. When they are integrated, accuracy is further improved, reaching a level of 84.29%. (3) Time series passive data (NDVI) serve best to distinguish grassland from arable land, while time series active data (SAR data) are best able to distinguish mangrove from forest. The integration of active and passive time series data also improves precision in distinguishing vegetation ecosystem types, such as forest, mangrove, arable land, and, especially, grassland, where the accuracy increased by 21.88%. By obtaining real-time and more accurate land cover type change information, this study could better serve regional change detection and ecosystem service function assessment at different scales, thereby supporting decision makers in urban agglomerations.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Cocrystals with Improved Solubility and Bioavailability

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an FDA-approved food supplement used as an assisted reproductive sex hormone. The bioavailability is severely limited by its poor solubility (23 µg/mL). Herein, we aimed to modulate its solubility through cocrystallization. Eight cocrystals of DHEA with pyrocatechol (CAT), hydroquinone (HQ), resorcinol (RES), phloroglucinol (PG), 1,5-dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), gallic acid (GA), and 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid (5HIPA) were designed and synthesized. Some basic characterization tools, including powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were also applied in our work for basic analyses of cocrystals. It is indicated that DHEA-GA exhibits its superiority in dissolution and pharmacokinetic behaviors. While the area under the curve values of DHEA-GA is improved at the ratio of 2.2, the corresponding bioavailability of DHEA is expected to be accordingly increased.
The Smith Cloud: surviving a high-speed transit of the Galactic disc

The origin and survival of the Smith high-velocity HI cloud has so far defied explanation. This object has several remarkable properties: (i) its prograde orbit is ~100 km/s faster than the underlying Galactic rotation; (ii) its total gas mass ($\gtrsim 4 \times 10^6 ~{\rm M}_{\odot}$) exceeds the mass of all other high-velocity clouds (HVC) outside of the Magellanic Stream; (iii) its head-tail morphology extends to the Galactic HI disc, indicating some sort of interaction. The Smith Cloud's kinetic energy rules out models based on ejection from the disc. We construct a dynamically self-consistent, multi-phase model of the Galaxy with a view to exploring whether the Smith Cloud can be understood in terms of an infalling, compact HVC that has transited the Galactic disc. We show that while a dark-matter (DM) free HVC of sufficient mass and density can reach the disc, it does not survive the transit. The most important ingredient to survival during a transit is a confining DM subhalo around the cloud; radiative gas cooling and high spatial resolution ($\lesssim$ 10 pc) are also essential. In our model, the cloud develops a head-tail morphology within ~10 Myr before and after its first disc crossing; after the event, the tail is left behind and accretes onto the disc within ~400 Myr. In our interpretation, the Smith Cloud corresponds to a gas 'streamer' that detaches, falls back and fades after the DM subhalo, distorted by the disc passage, has moved on. We conclude that subhalos with ${\rm M}_{\rm DM} \lesssim 10^9 ~{\rm M}_{\odot}$ have accreted $\sim10^9 ~{\rm M}_{\odot}$ of gas into the Galaxy over cosmic time - a small fraction of the total baryon budget.
Enhancing Cooperation of Vehicle Merging Control in Heavy Traffic Using Communication-Based Soft Actor-Critic Algorithm

A promising way to improve efficiency in highway on-ramp regions is to control connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) to pass the merging section sequentially. The primary objective of this paper is to incorporate the reinforcement learning (RL) technique into vehicle merging control to achieve global cooperation. A communication protocol among RL agents is integrated with the Soft Actor-Critic (CSAC) algorithm. The parallel SAC agents with a parameter-sharing structure cooperate to optimize the common reward function. It enables CAVs to know the actions of each other so that they proactively negotiate to adjust speeds. We designed a parsimonious state representation containing crucial merging information to speed up the RL training. The effects of the merging control strategy were investigated with the simulation model in scenarios with different CAV penetration rates and traffic flow compositions. Results showed that the CSAC-based merging strategy generated collision-free merging trajectories with a short travel time while guaranteeing traffic safety in various traffic conditions. Four baselines (including two rule-based and two RL-based merging strategies) were applied in the same scenarios for comparison. It was found that the proposed merging strategy took the safest merging behaviors (zero traffic conflicts) and reduced the most significant travel time (56.9%).