Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of the Peierls-Nabarro model to dislocations in forsterite

We present a numerical model of dislocation cores in Mg 2 SiO 4 forsterite based on the Peierls-Nabarro model and using generalised stacking faults as an input. The generalised stacking faults have been calculated from ab initio density-functional theory using VASP. Core profiles, atomic models and Peierls stresses are proposed for dislocations from the following slip systems: [100](010), [100](001), [100]{021}, [001](010), [001](100) and [001]{110}. Calculations have been performed at 0 and 10 GPa, to investigate the influence of pressure. We show that [100] dislocations have narrow cores when [001] dislocations tend to spread into (100) and {110} planes. A strong softening effect is found with pressure on the [001](010) slip system. Our study emphasizes the influence of lattice friction on plastic deformation of forsterite with, beyond Peierls stresses, possible effects related to non-planar core structures.
Measurements of air-surface exchange rates of volatile organic compounds

Vertical gradients of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured over a maize field and a soybean field in 1995 and 1996, respectively, in the Lower Coastal Plains of North Carolina. The measurements over the maize field were conducted in its early growth period, during May 1995, and the measurements over the soybean field were conducted in its middle and later growth periods during July through August 1996 at the same location. These measurements were combined with micrometeorological flux measurements to determine emission flux measurements for various VOCs. This measurement programme was part of project NOVA (Natural emissions of Oxidant precursors: Validation of techniques and Assessment) to estimate the flux of VOCs. Methanol was identified as the major biogenic compound for both years with the average flux of 3450 ± 1456 µg/m²/hr over maize and 3079 ± 2766 µg/m²/hr over soybean. Acetone is another compound that was identified as a biogenic compound for both years with the average flux of 425 ± 223 µg/m²/hr over maize and 2701 ± 1710 µg/m²/hr over soybean. In addition to biogenic compounds, a large number of aromatic compounds, including styrene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, were also identified as emissions from the ground over the soybean field.
Northern Hemisphere winter midlatitude atmospheric variability in CMIP5 models

The Northern Hemisphere midlatitude winter atmospheric variability simulated by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models is analyzed at spatial and temporal scales corresponding to the growth of baroclinic eddies and planetary waves. We use a global scalar metric of the wave energy frequency‐wave number spectrum to identify potential improvements of the CMIP5 ensemble compared to previous coordinated model simulations (CMIP3). We also evaluate whether CMIP5 models predict future shifts in the global baroclinic eddies and planetary‐scale wave activities. With respect to CMIP3, no significant improvements are found, thereby suggesting that no significant breakthrough in the modeling of the climate system has been hit over the last few years. No significant changes are found in RCP4.5 scenarios for the selected metric of the baroclinic and planetary‐scale atmospheric flows, thus indicating that localized changes with potential societal impact might not be related to changes in key fundamental properties of the atmospheric circulation.
Soil loss assessment in the Turbolo catchment (Calabria, Italy)

Soil loss caused by accelerated erosion is a growing problem in the Mediterranean belt in general, and in many parts of the Calabrian region (Southern Italy), in particular. It is due to the combination of peculiar geomorphological, pedological and climatic features, very often exacerbated by unsuitable land management. The aim of this study is to analyze and map soil loss by water-induced soil erosion at the catchment scale. Soil loss was quantified using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model implemented in a geographical information system. The RUSLE is an empirical model which estimates the average annual soil loss that would generally result from splash, sheet and rill erosion. The analysis shows that total soil loss estimated in the study area is 16,470.88 t yr−1 with an average annual soil loss of 5.65 t ha−1 yr−1. Spatial variation and rates of soil erosion are mainly linked to land use, and the rate of soil erosion varies from less than 1 t ha−1 yr−1 in wooded areas to more than 40 t ha−1 yr−1 in barren land. In addition, the comparison between soil loss and slope maps shows that ∼47% of the estimated soil loss involves slopes with a gradient >20°. The map shows seven classes of soil loss, with 8% in the upper three classes and 51% in the lowest class.
Public Sector Human Resources Capacity Development in Equivalent Administrative Positions into Functional Positions in the City of Makassar

The study aimed to examine the capacity building of public sector human resources in the context of the equalization of administrative positions into functional positions in Makassar. This bureaucratic reform was triggered by the issuance of Regulation of the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Number 17 of 2021, which aimed to restructure the government apparatus and had significant implications for bureaucratic work systems and mechanisms, particularly in the local government sphere. To conduct the research, qualitative research methods were employed. Data collection methods included observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with primary and secondary data sources contributing to the study. An interactive data analysis model was used for data analysis. The study revealed that efforts to develop the capacity of employees in implementing the equalization of administrative positions into functional positions in Makassar City were relatively effective. Capacity-building initiatives were focused on civil servants who were impacted by the changes resulting from the equalization of positions. Despite these efforts, the study identified that the impact of capacity building on civil servants affected by the equalization of positions was not fully realized. There were still some challenges or limitations hindering the complete integration of the changes and the optimal utilization of human resources in their new functional roles. As a result, the study suggests that additional measures may be required to enhance the capacity-building process and ensure that civil servants are fully equipped to perform effectively in their new functional positions. These measures may include further training and support to help civil servants adapt to the changes and fulfill the responsibilities of their new roles. Keywords: capacity building, human resources for public organizations, equal positions
Tephrochronology and tephrostratigraphy of two Pleistocene continental fossiliferous successions from central Italy

The stratigraphical context of two Middle Pleistocene fossiliferous palaeosols from Central Italy (Abruzzo and Tuscany) have been studied. Small mammals and molluscs occur in both palaeosols, which are covered by tephra layers that were analysed using an interdisciplinary approach. Application of fission‐track dating to apatites separated from the Case Picconetto tephra (Pescara, Abruzzo), yielded an age of 0.48 ± 0.04 Ma, indistinguishable from those previously determined for the Campani Quarry (Lower Valdarno, Tuscany) (0.46 ± 0.05 Ma and 0.48 ± 0.05 Ma). Geochemical and petrographic investigations indicate that these tephra originated from different volcanoes, the Alban Hills Volcanic Complex and the Vico Volcano (Latium) respectively. Small mammal and mollusc assemblages indicate different palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions for the Case Picconetto and Campani Quarry palaeosols. Warm and humid conditions can be inferred for the Campani Quarry site, whereas open and cold conditions can be inferred for Case Picconetto. On the basis of faunal data, fission‐track dates and attribution of tephra to specific volcanic eruptions, we suggest a correlation of these faunas with marine oxygen isotope stage 14 (Case Picconetto) and with marine oxygen isotope stage 11 (Campani Quarry), respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quaternary seismo-tectonic activity of the Polochic fault, Guatemala

[1] The Polochic-Motagua fault system is part of the sinistral transform boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates in Guatemala and the associated seismic activity poses a threat to ∼70% of the country's population. The aim of this study is to constrain the Late Quaternary activity of the Polochic fault by determining the active structure geometry and quantifying recent displacement rates as well as paleo-seismic events. Slip rates have been estimated from offsets of Quaternary volcanic markers and alluvial fan using in situ cosmogenic 36Cl exposure dating. Holocene left-lateral slip rate and Mid-Pleistocene vertical slip rate have been estimated to 4.8 ± 2.3 mm/y and 0.3 ± 0.06 mm/y, respectively, on the central part of the Polochic fault. The horizontal slip rate is within the range of longer-term geological slip rates and short-term GPS-based estimates. In addition, the non-negligible vertical motion participates in the uplift of the block north of the fault and seems to be a manifestation of the regional, far-field stress regime. We excavated the first trench for paleo-seismological study on the Polochic fault in which we distinguish four large paleo-seismic events since 17 ky during which the Polochic fault ruptured the ground surface.
The future role of the spatial data base within the Australian Capital Territory land information system

Abstract This is the second of two articles examining the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) cadastral and land information system (LIS). The article examines trends in the ACT land administration system and reviews recent initiatives in the LIS area in the ACT. A model for the ACT LIS is proposed together with the structure of a future ACT Spatial Data Base within the Australian Survey Office as part of the broader LIS. Due to the advanced development of the ACT cadastral system, it could be considered “a cadastral laboratory” for the rest of Australia.
Multi-Scale Spatiotemporal Feature Fusion Network for Video Saliency Prediction

Recently, video saliency prediction has attracted increasing attention, yet the improvement of its accuracy is still subject to the insufficient use of multi-scale spatiotemporal features. To address this issue, we propose a 3D convolutional Multi-scale Spatiotemporal Feature Fusion Network (MSFF-Net) to achieve the full utilization of spatiotemporal features. Specifically, we propose a Bi-directional Temporal-Spatial Feature Pyramid (BiTSFP), the first application of bi-directional fusion architectures in this field, which adds the flow of shallow location information on the basis of the previous flow of deep semantic information. Then, different from simple addition and concatenation, we design an Attention-Guided Fusion (AGF) mechanism that can adaptively learn the fusion weights of adjacent features to integrate them appropriately. Moreover, a Frame-wise Attention (FA) module is introduced to selectively emphasize the useful frames, augmenting the multi-scale temporal features to be fused. Our model is simple but effective, and it can run in real-time. Experimental results on the DHF1K, Hollywood-2, and UCF-sports datasets demonstrate that the proposed MSFF-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in accuracy.
The 2009 L’Aquila MW 6.3 earthquake: a new technique to locate the hypocentre in the joint inversion of earthquake rupture process

SUMMARY A new technique is presented to jointly invert the teleseismic and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data by simultaneously searching for the hypocentre and the relative weight of InSAR data. In this technique, the parameters of causative fault is determined by using InSAR data first, and then the hypocentre is searched for by jointly inverting teleseismic and InSAR data with the assumption that each subfault on the fault is a potential hypocentre. With this technique, we investigated the source rupture process of the 2009 April 6 L’Aquila MW 6.3 earthquake without the use of the existing hypocentre locations. Our estimated hypocentre is 42.366°N, 13.385°E, depth 6.9 km, with an uncertainty of 1∼2 km, similar to the hypocentre (42.348°N, 13.380°E, depth 9.5 km) determined by National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) using arrival time data within the epicentral distance of 50 km. Our joint inversion suggests a scalar moment of 3.5 × 1018 Nm, equivalent to a moment magnitude of MW 6.3. The source process consists of two subevents with a total duration of 7.7 s. The first event (0∼3 s) corresponds to the slip patch near the hypocentre and the second (in the next 4.7 s) ruptured the other slip patch at 4∼16 km along the strike direction. These unilateral rupture characteristics of the L’Aquila earthquake are confirmed by the apparent source time functions (ASTFs) analysis. In addition, two resolution tests are performed to check the reliability of this work, clarifying the differences between the inversion results with teleseismic data only, InSAR data only and joint inversion, indicating that a higher resolution can be achieved through the joint inversion.
GEOMAGIA50: An archeointensity database with PHP and MySQL

The GEOMAGIA50 database stores 3798 archeomagnetic and paleomagnetic intensity determinations dated to the past 50,000 years. It also stores details of the measurement setup for each determination, which are used for ranking the data according to prescribed reliability criteria. The ranking system aims to alleviate the data reliability problem inherent in this kind of data. GEOMAGIA50 is based on two popular open source technologies. The MySQL database management system is used for storing the data, whereas the functionality and user interface are provided by server‐side PHP scripts. This technical brief gives a detailed description of GEOMAGIA50 from a technical viewpoint.
NAD+ Acts as a Protective Factor in Cellular Stress Response to DNA Alkylating Agents

Sulfur mustard (SM) and its derivatives are potent genotoxic agents, which have been shown to trigger the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the depletion of their substrate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ is an essential molecule involved in numerous cellular pathways, including genome integrity and DNA repair, and thus, NAD+ supplementation might be beneficial for mitigating mustard-induced (geno)toxicity. In this study, the role of NAD+ depletion and elevation in the genotoxic stress response to SM derivatives, i.e., the monofunctional agent 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulfide (CEES) and the crosslinking agent mechlorethamine (HN2), was investigated with the use of NAD+ booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) and NAD+ synthesis inhibitor FK866. The effects were analyzed in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) or monocyte-like cell line THP-1. In HaCaT cells, NR supplementation, increased NAD+ levels, and elevated PAR response, however, did not affect ATP levels or DNA damage repair, nor did it attenuate long- and short-term cytotoxicities. On the other hand, the depletion of cellular NAD+ via FK866 sensitized HaCaT cells to genotoxic stress, particularly CEES exposure, whereas NR supplementation, by increasing cellular NAD+ levels, rescued the sensitizing FK866 effect. Intriguingly, in THP-1 cells, the NR-induced elevation of cellular NAD+ levels did attenuate toxicity of the mustard compounds, especially upon CEES exposure. Together, our results reveal that NAD+ is an important molecule in the pathomechanism of SM derivatives, exhibiting compound-specificity. Moreover, the cell line-dependent protective effects of NR are indicative of system-specificity of the application of this NAD+ booster.
Urban Tourism in Developing Countries: in the Case of Melaka (Malacca) City, Malaysia

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the context that provides understanding of the building blocks of the urban tourism concept in developing countries. This is based on the geographical and historical position of Melaka City as an example of such phenomena in developing countries. The themes focus on several considerations and issues from the perspective of geographical and historical position. The first is the initiative to develop Melaka City as a tourism destination while the second theme highlights the limitations of Melaka's position compared to other cities. The last theme continues the sequence of discussions with a focus on recent attention on urban tourism development and the future expectations of what tourism can contribute to Melaka City and the State. Implication of this study provide better insight into the concept of urban tourism and it significance as pictured by those responsible for urban development, as part of the need for cities in developing countries to expand their economic and physical boundaries.
Atmospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN): Biomass burning source, ocean sink?

The observed seasonal amplitude of atmospheric HCN concentrations implies an atmospheric lifetime of only a few months for HCN, much shorter than is commonly assumed from oxidation by OH (a few years). We propose that ocean uptake provides the missing sink, and show with a global 3‐D model simulation that the observations of atmospheric HCN can be roughly reproduced in a scenario where biomass burning provides the main source (1.4–2.9 Tg N yr−1) and ocean uptake provides the main sink (HCN atmospheric lifetime of 2–4 months). Such a budget implies that HCN is a sensitive tracer of biomass burning on large scales, of particular value because it is readily observed from space. The ocean sink hypothesis can be tested with measurements of HCN concentrations in marine air and seawater.
An inventory of methane emissions from ruminant animals in Northern Ireland due to enteric fermentation-a comparison using Tier 1 and Tier 3 emission factors

of The Change requires a reduction in emissions of 80% by 2050, a significant for the A calculation of the GHG footprint of animal production is required to determine sustainable GHG mitigation strategies. The IPCC provide standard Emission Factors (EF) (Tier 1) for CH 4 produced by enteric fermentation and classify ruminant animals as dairy, non-dairy and sheep. The age and diet of the animal is taken into account by the IPCC. Previous research at AFBI Hillsborough has generated data detailing actual CH 4 and CO 2 emissions from 800 dairy cows, 146 beef cattle and 50 sheep (Tier 3 EF). The aim of this study was to compare the GHG footprint of ruminant animals in Northern Ireland in 2008 using Tier 1 (standard) and Tier 3 (actual) EF.
ESTIMATION OF THE AIR PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT AND THE RADIUS OF VACUUM INFLUENCE FOR CONTAMINATED SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION

The air permeability coefficient and the radius of vacuum influence are important parameters in the design of soil vapor extraction systems for removing volatile organic chemicals, but procedures for obtaining these parameters have not yet been established. We developed procedures using previously derived analytical equations for the relationship between air discharge rates from an extraction well and the air pressure head generated in the neighborhood of the extraction well in soil with a uniform degree of water saturation in order to obtain these parameters in soil with varying degrees of water saturation. We verified that these procedures could be used to obtain these parameters by using air permeability test data from five sites. In addition, we demonstrated that these procedures could also be applied to gravel soil with fast air flow.
Comment on “Large‐time solutions for groundwater flow problems using the relationship of small p versus large t” by Hund‐Der Yeh and Chih‐Tse Wang

p > 0, while L {1/p} = 1 is not restricted to p > 0. By the Bromwich integral theorem for the Laplace inversion [e.g., see Sneddon, 1972; Spiegel, 1965], it is known that if p is restricted to be greater than zero, 1/p has no singularity and thus L {1/p} does not exist. Likewise, L {[p log(p/l)] } does not exist when p > l > 0. [2] The fact that p > l is not the ‘‘constraint’’ of L {[p log(p/l)] } can be further proven by using available inversion formulae. The inversion starts with
Towards an Agent Based Retrieval Engine ( Pro le-Information Filtering Project )

This article describes and analyses the retrieval component of the Proole Information Filtering Project of the University of Nijmegen. The overall structure of this project, serving as the context for the retrieval component, is stated. This component is called the Retrieval Engine and will be implemented as an intelligent retrieval agent, using sophisticated techniques from artiicial intelligence. A synthesis between information retrieval and information ltering has to be found, coping with challenging problems stemming from the combination of the diicul-ties of both elds. The Retrieval Engine should be capable of giving an explanation of why a document was found relevant to the information need of the user. The techniques used will rely on sophisticated natural language processing. The techniques to establish relevance degrees for documents will consist of two parts: a symbolic and a numeric one. This allows for a mechanism that is both explainable and exact. Interesting approaches for obtaining this are stated.
Clinical trial simulation to evaluate tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis dosing during pregnancy

Objective To evaluate upward-adjustment of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) dosing during pregnancy in order to maintain target plasma concentrations associated with HIV protection. Design Population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling and clinical trial simulation (CTS). Material and methods We developed population pharmacokinetic models for TFV and FTC using data from the Partners Demonstration Project and a PK study of TDF/FTC among cisgender women by Coleman et al., and performed an in-silico simulation. Pregnancy-trimester was identified as a significant covariate on apparent clearance in the optimized final model. We simulated 1,000 pregnant individuals starting standard daily oral TDF/FTC (300 mg/200 mg) prior to pregnancy. Upon becoming pregnant, simulated patients were split into two study arms: one continuing standard-dose and the other receiving double standard-dose throughout pregnancy. Results Standard-dose trough TFV concentrations were significantly lower in pregnancy compared to pre-pregnancy, with 34.0%, 43.8%, and 65.1% of trough plasma concentrations below the lower bound of expected trough concentrations presumed to be the protective threshold in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters, respectively. By comparison, in the simulated double-dose group, 10.7%, 14.4%, and 27.8% of trough concentrations fell below the estimated protective thresholds in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters, respectively. The FTC trough plasma concentration during pregnancy was also lower than pre-pregnancy, with 45.2% of the steady-state trough concentrations below the estimated protective trough concentrations of FTC. In the pregnancy-adjusted double-dose group, 24.1% of trough plasma concentrations were lower than protective levels. Conclusions Our simulation shows >50% of research participants on standard dosing would have 3rd trimester trough plasma TFV concentrations below levels associated with protection. This simulation provides the quantitative basis for the design of prospective TDF/FTC studies during pregnancy to evaluate the safety and appropriateness of pregnancy-adjusted dosing.