Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dewdrop: An Energy-Aware Runtime for Computational RFID

Computational RFID (CRFID) tags embed sensing and computation into the physical world. The operation of the tags is limited by the RF energy that can be harvested from a nearby power source. We present a CRFID run-time, Dewdrop, that makes effective use of the harvested energy. Dewdrop treats iterative tasks as a scheduling problem to balance task demands with available energy, both of which vary over time. It adapts the start time of the next task iteration to consistently run well over a range of distances between tags and a power source, for different numbers of tags in the vicinity, and for light and heavy tasks. We have implemented Dewdrop on top of the WISP CRFID tag. Our experiments show that, compared to normal WISP operation, Dewdrop doubles the operating range for heavy tasks and significantly increases the task rate for tags receiving the least energy, all without decreasing the rate in other situations. Using offline testing, we find that Dewdrop runs tasks at better than 90% of the best rate possible.
Unobserved Di ¤ erentiation in Discrete Choice Models

Discrete choice models used in statistical applications typically interpret an unobservable term as the interaction of unobservable horizontal di¤erentiation and idiosyncratic consumer preferences. An implicit assumption in most such models is that all choices are equally horizontally di¤erentiated from each other. This assumption is problematic in a number of recent studies that use discrete choice frameworks to evaluate the welfare e¤ects from di¤erent numbers of goods (e.g. Berry and Waldfogel, 1999; Rysman, 2000). Researchers might think that it is possible for product space to “. ll up” and that ignoring this issue might lead to an overestimate of welfare as the number of new products increases. This paper proposes a solution whereby the researcher estimates the decrease in value that agents receive from higher numbers of products as a result of the decreasing importance of horizontal di¤erentiation. The paper reviews previous results on how a linear random utility model (LRUM) can be mapped into an address (Hotelling) model. The paper shows how realistic assumptions on di¤erentiation in an address setting can be mapped into an LRUM. LRUM models imply that all choices are strong gross substitutes. In order to preserve that condition in an address model, n choices must be di¤erentiated along at least n ¡ 1 dimensions. This paper proposes that utility drawn from di¤erent dimensions be weighted di¤erently. Mapping this feature into an LRUM requires weighting the utility from each choice based upon the dimension along which it is di¤erentiated from others. As researchers will typically be unwilling to make assumptions about which dimension products di¤er on, the paper discusses integrating over the di¤erent possibilities in a computationally inexpensive way that still allows the researcher to relax the assumption of symmetric di¤erentiation. ¤I would like to thank Dan Ackerberg and Phil Haile for helpful discussion.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Self-image and Valuation of Moral Goods: Stated versus Actual Willingness to Pay

JEL classification: C91 D63 Q5 Keywords: Stated-preference methods Choice experiment Hypothetical bias Self-image Non-market valuation Warm glow a b s t r a c t Hypothetical bias in stated-preference methods appears sometimes to be very large, and other times non-existent. This is here largely explained by a model where people derive utility from a positive self-image associated with morally commendable behavior. The results of a choice experiment are consistent with the predictions of this model; the hypothetical marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for a moral good (contributions to a WWF project) is significantly higher than the corresponding real-money MWTP, whereas no hypothetical bias is seen for an amoral good (a restaurant voucher). Moreover, the evidence suggests that also the real-money MWTP for the moral good is biased upwards, in the sense that it appears to be higher within than outside the experimental context.
Dynamic Path Planning and Traffic Light Coordination for Emergency Vehicle Routing

An ambulance or fire truck arriving a couple of seconds late can be the difference between life and death for some. As different technologies emerge, various approaches to expediting the movement of emergency vehicles have evolved. Horns, sirens and flashing lights were early attempts that are no longer sufficient in most places to clear traffic on the emergency vehicle’s route. In these situations, traffic signal preemption has made it possible to guide traffic to move in favor of clearing the emergency vehicle’s route. Early traffic signal preemption approaches depended on direct communication between an emergency vehicle’s signal emitter and a corresponding signal receiver on the traffic light it was approaching. Accordingly, the location of the vehicle could be detected. Later, (D)GPS was used to more accurately locate the emergency vehicle. This solution was further enhanced by using efficient or even optimal path planning algorithms to choose the route of the emergency vehicle. In the state-of-the-art in emergency vehicle routing, online static route selection is combined with traffic-light preemption to make emergency vehicle travel faster and safer along the chosen optimal path. In this thesis, we propose an enhancement to the state-of-theart approaches for reducing the emergency vehicle’s travel time. Our hypothesis is that combining traffic signal preemption with dynamic path planning will increase the efficiency of routing an emergency vehicle. We implement a graph version of the D*Lite informed search algorithm to efficiently and dynamically plan optimal paths for the emergency vehicle while taking into consideration the real-time updates of congestion levels and other delays to travel time. To further improve our solution, we propose a traffic light preemption strategy that seeks to ensure fast and safe travel of the emergency vehicle while, as a secondary priority, maximizes other traffic flow through the intersection. We evaluate our hypothesis through analytical experiments using our implementation of D* Lite, and further validate our proposed solution through scenarios developed using the VISSIM specialized microscopic traffic simulator [15]. The results validate our hypothesis demonstrating that dynamic path planning can improve travel time under uncertain congestion conditions, and that incorporating an appropriate traffic light preemption mechanism can further improve travel time for an emergency vehicle; potentially saving lives. Keywords— Emergency vehicle routing, Traffic signal preemption, Dynamic path planning, Signal phase selection
Fuel-N Evolution during the Pyrolysis of Industrial Biomass Wastes with High Nitrogen Content

In this study, sewage sludge and mycelial waste from antibiotic production were pyrolyzed in a batch scale fixed-bed reactor as examples of two kinds of typical industrial biomass wastes with high nitrogen content. A series of experiments were conducted on the rapid pyrolysis and the slow pyrolysis of these wastes in the temperature range from 500–800 °C to investigate the Fuel-N transformation behavior among pyrolysis products. The results showed that Fuel-N conversion to Char-N intimately depended on the pyrolysis temperature and the yield of Char-N reduced with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature . Under the same pyrolysis conditions, Tar-N production mainly depended on complex properties of the different biomasses, including volatile matter, nitrogen content and biomass functional groups. HCN was the predominant NO x precursor in the rapid pyrolysis of biomass, whereas in the slow pyrolysis of mycelial waste, more NH 3 was produced than HCN due to the additional NH 3 formation through the hydrogenation reaction of Char-N, HCN and H radicals. At the same time, some part of the char was analyzed by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to get more information on the nitrogen functionality changes and the tar was also characterized by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) to identify typical nitrogenous tar compounds. Finally, the whole nitrogen distribution in products was discussed.
Early Induction of Cyclin D2 Expression in Phorbol Ester–responsive B-1 Lymphocytes

B-1 lymphocytes represent a distinct B cell subset with characteristic features that include self-renewing capacity and unusual mitogenic responses. B-1 cells differ from conventional B cells in terms of the consequences of phorbol ester treatment: B-1 cells rapidly enter S phase in response to phorbol ester alone, whereas B-2 cells require a calcium ionophore in addition to phorbol ester to trigger cell cycle progression. To address the mechanism underlying the varied proliferative responses of B-1 and B-2 cells, we evaluated the expression and activity of the G1 cell cycle regulator, cyclin D2, and its associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Cyclin D2 expression was upregulated rapidly, within 2-4 h, in phorbol ester-stimulated B-1 cells, in a manner dependent on intact transcription/translation, but was not increased in phorbol ester- stimulated B-2 cells. Phorbol ester-stimulated cyclin D2 expression was accompanied by the formation of cyclin D2-Cdk4, and, to a lesser extent, cyclin D2-Cdk6, complexes; cyclin D2- containing complexes were found to be catalytically functional, in terms of their ability to phosphorylate exogenous Rb in vitro and to specifically phosphorylate endogenous Rb on serine780 in vivo. These results strongly suggest that the rapid induction of cyclin D2 by a normally nonmitogenic phorbol ester stimulus is responsible for B-1 cell progression through G1 phase. The ease and rapidity with which cyclin D2 responds in B-1 cells may contribute to the proliferative features of this subset.
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain DK1-NH57388A, a Stable Mucoid Cystic Fibrosis Isolate

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with chronic pulmonary infections and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of stable mucoid P. aeruginosa strain DK1-NH57388A, a CF isolate which has previously been used to establish chronic lung infections in an animal model.
Surgical treatment of brain metastases. Clinical and computerized tomography evaluation of the results of treatment

The results of treatment of brain metastases in a series of 125 patients who underwent surgery with or without postoperative radiation from 1978 through 1982 were analyzed. The major sites of primary tumor included the lung (40%), melanoma‐skin (11%), kidney (11%), colon (8%), soft tissue sarcoma (8%), breast (6%), and a variety of others (15%). At the time of craniotomy, disease was considered limited to the central nervous system in 63 patients (50%). After surgery, 83 patients (66%) were neurologically improved, and 26 (21%) had their deficits stabilized. The overall median survival was 12 months, and 25% lived 2 years. Eight patients (12%) are alive 5 years or more following surgery. Survival varied with site of primary tumor, location of brain metastasis, extent of systemic disease, and neurologic deficit at time of craniotomy. Over a follow‐up period ranging from 18 months to 6 years, 42 patients (34%) developed either local recurrences or other sites of brain metastases. These data suggest that although craniotomy followed by radiation is highly effective in the initial treatment of selected patients with brain metastases, alternate therapies require investigation in view of the high central nervous system relapse rate in long‐term survivors. Cancer 55:1382‐1388, 1985.
Policing Life and Thickening Delinquency at the New Frontier

RESUMEN Este articulo aborda lo que he llamado la “densificacion de la delincuencia” de un grupo de jovenes de la calle en Nogales, Sonora, Mexico quienes se han autodenominado “Barrio Libre. ” La transformacion de este grupo de jovenes de molestia publica, a una amenazante pandilla transnacional, particularmente por sus cotidianos asaltos a los emigrantes indocumentados, esta inextricablemente relacionada con preguntas sobre soberania y practicas de vigilancia policial en la “nueva frontera” entre Estados Unidos y Mexico, con la ilegibilidad entre economias licitas e ilicitas, y con las entreveradas tecnologias de racializacion y criminalizacion.
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE Raised CRP levels mark metabolic and functional impairment in advanced COPD

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is often used as a clinical marker of acute systemic inflammation. Since low grade inflammation is evident in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), new methods have been developed to enhance the sensitivity of CRP assays in the lower range. A study was undertaken to investigate the discriminative value of high sensitivity CRP in COPD with respect to markers of local and systemic impairment, disability, and handicap. Methods: Plasma CRP levels, interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), exercise capacity, health status, and lung function were determined in 102 patients with clinically stable COPD (GOLD stage II–IV). The cut off point for normal versus raised CRP levels was 4.21 mg/l. Results: CRP levels were raised in 48 of 102 patients. In these patients, IL-6 (p,0.001) and REE (adjusted for fat-free mass, p = 0.002) were higher while maximal (p = 0.040) and submaximal exercise capacity (p = 0.017) and 6 minute walking distance (p = 0.014) were lower. The SGRQ symptom score (p = 0.003) was lower in patients with raised CRP levels, as were post-bronchodilator FEV1 (p = 0.031) and reversibility (p = 0.001). Regression analysis also showed that, when adjusted for FEV1, age and sex, CRP was a significant predictor for body mass index (p = 0.044) and fat mass index (p = 0.016). Conclusions: High sensitivity CRP is a marker for impaired energy metabolism, functional capacity, and distress due to respiratory symptoms in COPD.
Effects of Methylphenidate on Extracellular Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine: Comparison with Amphetamine

Abstract: Methylphenidate promotes a dose‐dependent behavioral profile that is very comparable to that of amphetamine. Amphetamine increases extracellular norepinephrine and serotonin, in addition to its effects on dopamine, and these latter effects may play a role in the behavioral effects of amphetamine‐like stimulants. To examine further the relative roles of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the behavioral response to amphetamine‐like stimulants, we assessed extracellular dopamine and serotonin in caudate putamen and norepinephrine in hippocampus in response to various doses of methylphenidate (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) that produce stereotyped behaviors, and compared the results with those of a dose of amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) that produces a level of stereotypies comparable to the intermediate dose of methylphenidate. The methylphenidate‐induced changes in dopamine and its metabolites were consistent with changes induced by other uptake blockers, and the magnitude of the dopamine response for a behaviorally comparable dose was considerably less than that with amphetamine. Likewise, the dose‐dependent increase in norepinephrine in response to methylphenidate was also significantly less than that with amphetamine. However, in contrast to amphetamine, methylphenidate had no effect on extracellular serotonin. These results do not support the hypothesis that a stimulant‐induced increase in serotonin is necessary for the appearance of stereotyped behaviors.
Genetic-guided semi-supervised clustering algorithm with instance-level constraints

Semi-supervised clustering with instance-level constraints is one of the most active research topics in the areas of pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining. Several recent studies have shown that instance-level constraints can significantly increase accuracies of a variety of clustering algorithms. However, instance-level constraints may split the search space of the optimal clustering solution into pieces, thus significantly compound the difficulty of the search task. This paper explores a genetic approach to solve the problem of semi-supervised clustering with instance-level constraints. In particular, a novel semi-supervised clustering algorithm with instance-level constraints, termed as the hybrid genetic-guided semi-supervised clustering algorithm with instance-level constraints (Cop-HGA), is proposed. Cop-HGA uses a hybrid genetic algorithm to perform the search task of a high quality clustering solution that is able to draw a good balance between predefined clustering criterion and available instance-level background knowledge. The effectiveness of Cop-HGA is confirmed by experimental results on several real data sets with artificial instance-level constraints.
A fast and precise system for taking high-density human head measurements with surrounding range finders

Presents a head measurement system with surrounding range finders, which enables highly dense 3-D human head shape measurements to be taken quickly and precisely. Since short measurement time is as important as the inherent accuracy of instruments for measuring the human body, the system concurrently controls multiple rangefinders at video rate. It can capture all images of the human head, including the top and the chin, within a single second. Moreover, it enables measurements less than 1 mm/sup 2/ in density to be taken with average error as low as 0.4 mm. No conventional systems have both these advantages. The 3-D data acquired by the system will be utilized to design ergonomic products.
Caulicolous Botryosphaeriales from Thailand

Members of Botryosphaeriales are commonly encountered as endophytes or pathogens of various plant hosts. The Botryosphaeriaceae represents the predominant family within this order, containing numerous species associated with canker and dieback disease on a wide range of woody hosts. During the course of routine surveys from various plant hosts in Thailand, numerous isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae, including Aplosporellaceae were collected. Isolates were subsequently identified based on a combination of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of a combined dataset of the ITS and EF1-α gene regions. The resulting phylogenetic tree revealed 11 well-supported clades, correlating with different members of Botryosphaeriales. Other than confirming the presence of taxa such as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum, new records for Thailand include Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae and P. ardesiacum. Furthermore, four novel species are described, namely Diplodia neojuniperi from Juniperus chinensis, Lasiodiplodia thailandica from Mangifera indica, Pseudofusicoccum artocarpi and Aplosporella artocarpi from Artocarpus heterophyllus, while a sexual morph is also newly reported for L. gonubiensis. Further research is presently underway to determine the pathogenicity and relative importance of these species on different woody hosts in Thailand.
Study of parity violation in and decays

CP violation in baryonic decays has not been significantly observed. With large data events accumulated at colliders or the Large Hadron Collider, charmed baryon decays would provide a promising laboratory to test CP symmetry. In this study, we formulate and decays for the measurement of their asymmetry parameters in weak decays at the BESIII or LHCb experiments. The polarization transfer is analyzed in the two processes of and , and the formulas for the joint angular distribution of these processes are provided. The sensitivity of the measurement of the asymmetry parameters of the above two decay processes is estimated for future experiments.
Large Signal Evaluation of Nonlinear HBT Model

The performance of recently developed Large Signal (LS) HBT model was evaluated with extensive LS measurements like Power spectrum, Load pull and Inter-modulation investigations. Proposed model has adopted temperature dependent leakage resistance and a simplified capacitance models. The model was implemented in ADS as SDD. Important feature of the model is that the main model parameters are taken directly from measurements in rather simple and understandable way. Results show good accuracy despite the simplicity of the model. To our knowledge the HBT model is one of a few HBT models which can handle high current & Power HBT devices, with significantly less model parameters with good accuracy.
Ground-A-Score: Scaling Up the Score Distillation for Multi-Attribute Editing

Despite recent advancements in text-to-image diffusion models facilitating various image editing techniques, complex text prompts often lead to an oversight of some requests due to a bottleneck in processing text information. To tackle this challenge, we present Ground-A-Score, a simple yet powerful model-agnostic image editing method by incorporating grounding during score distillation. This approach ensures a precise reflection of intricate prompt requirements in the editing outcomes, taking into account the prior knowledge of the object locations within the image. Moreover, the selective application with a new penalty coefficient and contrastive loss helps to precisely target editing areas while preserving the integrity of the objects in the source image. Both qualitative assessments and quantitative analyses confirm that Ground-A-Score successfully adheres to the intricate details of extended and multifaceted prompts, ensuring high-quality outcomes that respect the original image attributes.
Genetics of drought adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana: I. Pleiotropy contributes to genetic correlations among ecological traits

We examined patterns of genetic variance and covariance in two traits (i) carbon stable isotope ratio δ13C (dehydration avoidance) and (ii) time to flowering (drought escape), both of which are putative adaptations to local water availability. Greenhouse screening of 39 genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana native to habitats spanning a wide range of climatic conditions, revealed a highly significant positive genetic correlation between δ13C and flowering time. Studies in a range of C3 annuals have also reported large positive correlations, suggesting the presence of a genetically based trade‐off between mechanisms of dehydration avoidance (δ13C) and drought escape (early flowering). We examined the contribution of pleiotropy by using a combination of mutant and near‐isogenic lines to test for positive mutational covariance between δ13C and flowering time. Ecophysiological mutants generally showed variation in δ13C but not flowering time. However, flowering time mutants generally demonstrated pleiotropic effects consistent with natural variation. Mutations that caused later flowering also typically resulted in less negative δ13C and thus probably higher water use efficiency. We found strong evidence for pleiotropy using near‐isogenic lines of FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C, cloned loci known to be responsible for natural variation in flowering time. These data suggest the correlated evolution of δ13C and flowering time is explained in part by the fixation of pleiotropic alleles that alter both δ13C and time to flowering.
Scaling of MOSFET Transconductance with Gate Oxide Thickness and Effect of Remote Charge Scattering

In this work, MOSFET maximum transconductance (gmmax) scaling with gate oxide thickness is discussed. It is shown that gmmax scales with capacitance-extractedthickness (CET) in inversion as α − CET , where 0.7 <α<1.0, which is less than αideal = 1.0. It is demonstrated that this may be partly explained by the non-universality of effective mobility due to effects such as remote-charge-scattering that become significant for tox,physical < 15Å. The implication of this result for benchmarking new gate dielectric materials is demonstrated.