Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BGW: A Novel QoS Model for Firm Real-time Computing Systems

Tasks in a real-time computing systems are com- monly periodic. Each job generated by the invocation of a periodic task has normally a deadline constraint by which it must complete its execution in all circumstances. However, the hardware may be subject to failures, faults may be present in software, energy to supply the system may be depleted and the processor may be overloaded transiently. Any of these exceptions involves a situation where it is no longer possible to meet the deadlines of all the jobs in the application. In this paper, we discuss a general model for the application task set that permits the operating system to correctly manage the above emergency situations in accordance with specific parameters statically attached to every task in addition to its classical timing parameters. The model is inspired by the well- known Deadline Mechanism and Skip-Over model. We introduce the BGW model where each job of any periodic task can get one of the three colours Black, Grey and White. A colour specifies that the job has to imperatively execute the primary version, the job has to execute at least one version among primary and alternate or the job may be discarded. We briefly discuss implementation issues for this new model.
FRBRPedia: a tool for FRBRizing web products and linking FRBR entities to DBpedia

The FRBR model has received much attention due to its potential for greatly improving user interaction with digital libraries. However, the amount of information found on the Web is far larger than in digital libraries. In this demo, we present an approach to transform Web-based resources to a FRBR compatible form, a process known as FRBRization. The FRBRized collection is then linked to DBpedia, thus providing a basis for information sharing and verification.
icrobial community analysis of perchlorate-reducing cultures rowing on zero-valent iron

Anaerobic microbial mixed cultures demonstrated its ability to completely remove perchlorate in the presence of zero-valent iron. In order to understand the major microbial reaction in the ironsupported culture, community analysis comprising of microbial fatty acids and polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) techniques was performed for perchlorate reducing cultures. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and subsequent principal component analysis (PCA) showed clear distinctions not only between iron-supported perchlorate reducing culture erchlorate ero-valent iron AME hlorite dismutase (cld) gene hylogenetic analysis and seed bacteria, but also among perchlorate-reducing cultures receiving different electron donors. The DGGE pattern targeting the chlorite dismutase (cld) gene showed that iron-supported perchlorate reducing culture is similar to hydrogen-fed cultures as compared to acetate-fed culture. The phylogenetic tree suggested that the dominant microbial reaction may be a combination of the autotrophic and heterotrophic reduction of perchlorate. Both molecular and chemotaxonomic experimental results support the f redu further understanding in the microbial perchlorate
Vascular Factors and Multiple Measures of Early Brain Health: CARDIA Brain MRI Study

Objective To identify early changes in brain structure and function that are associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Design Cross-sectional brain Magnetic Resonance I (MRI) study. Setting Community based cohort in three U.S. sites. Participants A Caucasian and African-American sub-sample (n= 680; mean age 50.3 yrs) attending the 25 year follow-up exam of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Primary and Secondary Outcomes 3T brain MR images processed for quantitative estimates of: total brain (TBV) and abnormal white matter (AWM) volume; white matter fractional anisotropy (WM-FA); and gray matter cerebral blood flow (GM-CBF). Total intracranial volume is TBV plus cerebral spinal fluid (TICV). A Global Cognitive Function (GCF) score was derived from tests of speed, memory and executive function. Results Adjusting for TICV and demographic factors, current smoking was significantly associated with lower GM-CBF and TBV, and more AWM (all <0.05); SA with lower GM-CBF, WM-FA and TBV (p=0.01); increasing BMI with decreasing GM-CBF (p<0003); hypertension with lower GM-CBF, WM-FA, and TBV and higher AWM (all <0.05); and diabetes with lower TBV (p=0.007). The GCS was lower as TBV decreased, AWM increased, and WM-FA (all p<0.01). Conclusion In middle age adults, CVRF are associated with brain health, reflected in MRI measures of structure and perfusion, and cognitive functioning. These findings suggest markers of mid-life cardiovascular and brain health should be considered as indication for early intervention and future risk of late-life cerebrovascular disease and dementia.
Crumpling of a pyrolytic graphite sheet

Crumpled graphite thin film balls were fabricated with Panasonic Pyrolytic Graphite Sheets (PGS). The fractal dimension, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of the crumpled PGS balls have been investigated. The universal local fractal dimension of the PGS balls is found to be 2.58, which is consistent with that of paper balls. The crumpled PGS balls show good mechanical property with Young's Modulus of 16–17 N, which is about the same as that of paper balls and elastoplastic paper balls, but with much smaller sizes, thinner film thicknesses, and less weight. In addition, the crumpled PGS balls show good conductivity, slightly higher than that of the PGS film before crumpling.
Multivariate Statistical Analysis For Performance Assessment of High Voltage Outdoor Insulators Operating Under Various Meteorological Conditions

This paper presents our work where we investigated a correlation of different meteorological factors, such as: rainfall, humidity etc, to leakage current and ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density). In the study we used the multivariate statistical analysis, where with help of the tools we could, statistically, explain the effect of six meteorological factors on the pollution severity, thus through this method we hope some significant information about the influence of weather condition of insulator performance can be obtained. The meteorological factors investigated in this work are temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind velocity, wind dominant direction, and average ultraviolet of solar radiation. As case study, we analyzed measurement data published by the other authors. As first results it can be shown that wind direction and velocity contribute dominantly on the peak maximum leakage current, and based on the correspondence analysis, it can be shown the close correlation between humidity and temperature, in this case
Globally Distributed Content Delivery

When we launched the Akamai system in early 1999, it initially delivered only Web objects (images and documents). It has since evolved to distribute dynamically generated pages and even applications to the network's edge, providing customers with on-demand bandwidth and computing capacity. This reduces content providers' infrastructure requirements, and lets them deploy or expand services more quickly and easily. Our current system has more than 12,000 servers in over 1,000 networks. Operating servers in many locations poses many technical challenges, including how to direct user requests to appropriate servers, how to handle failures, how to monitor and control the servers, and how to update software across the system. We describe our system and how we've managed these challenges.
Bounded Gaussian process regression

We extend the Gaussian process (GP) framework for bounded regression by introducing two bounded likelihood functions that model the noise on the dependent variable explicitly. This is fundamentally different from the implicit noise assumption in the previously suggested warped GP framework. We approximate the intractable posterior distributions by the Laplace approximation and expectation propagation and show the properties of the models on an artificial example. We finally consider two real-world data sets originating from perceptual rating experiments which indicate a significant gain obtained with the proposed explicit noise-model extension.
Non-emergency department interventions to reduce ED utilization: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES Recent health policy changes have focused efforts on reducing emergency department (ED) visits as a way to reduce costs and improve quality of care. This was a systematic review of interventions based outside the ED aimed at reducing ED use. METHODS This study was designed as a systematic review. We reviewed the literature on interventions in five categories: patient education, creation of additional non-ED capacity, managed care, prehospital diversion, and patient financial incentives. Studies written in English, with interventions administered outside of the ED, and a comparison group where ED use was an outcome, were included. Two independent reviewers screened search results using MEDLINE, Cochrane, OAIster, or Scopus. The following data were abstracted from included studies: type of intervention, study design, population, details of intervention, effect on ED use, effect on non-ED health care use, and other health and financial outcomes. Quality of individual articles was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. RESULTS Of 39 included studies, 34 were observational and five were randomized controlled trials. Two of five studies on patient education found reductions in ED use ranging from 21% to 80%. Out of 10 studies of additional non-ED capacity, four showed decreases of 9% to 54%, and one a 21% increase. Both studies on prehospital diversion found reductions of 3% to 7%. Of 12 studies on managed care, 10 had decreases ranging from 1% to 46%. Nine out of 10 studies on patient financial incentives found decreases of 3% to 50%, and one a 34% increase. Nineteen studies reported effect on non-ED use with mixed results. Seventeen studies included data on health outcomes, but 13 of these only included data on hospitalizations rather than morbidity and mortality. Seven studies included data on cost outcomes. According to the GRADE guidelines, all studies had at least some risk of bias, with four moderate quality, one low quality, and 34 very low quality studies. CONCLUSIONS Many studies have explored interventions based outside the ED to reduce ED use in various populations, with mixed evidence. Approximately two-thirds identified here showed reductions in ED use. The interventions with the greatest number of studies showing reductions in ED use include patient financial incentives and managed care, while the greatest magnitude of reductions were found in patient education. These findings have implications for insurers and policymakers seeking to reduce ED use.
Variable Temptations and Black Mark Reputations

Reputations often guide sequential decisions to trust and to reward trust. We consider situations where each player is randomly matched with a partner in every period. One player – the truster – decides whether to trust. If trusted, the other player – the temptee – has a temptation to betray. The strength of temptation, private information to the temptee, varies across encounters. Betrayals are recorded as publicly known black marks. First, we identify equilibria when players only condition on the number of a temptee's black marks. Second, we show that conditioning on the number of interactions as well as on the number of black marks does not prolong trust. Third, we examine stochastic variations where black marks may be forgotten. Perhaps surprisingly, such variations do not improve outcomes. Fourth, when players condition on more general summary statistics of a temptee's past, we study equilibria where trust is suspended temporarily.
Abusing Public Third-Party Services for EDoS Attacks

Cloud computing has been widely adopted nowadays as it provides economical, elastic and scalable services to customers. The cloud resources are offered in an on-demand manner and the consumers are charged based on their resource usage, known as "pay-as-you-go". Such a cloud utility scheme opens the door to Economic Denial of Sustainability (EDoS) attacks in which the cloud consumers would suffer from financial losses. In this paper, we uncover the severity of EDoS attacks through demonstrating that EDoS attacks can be easily conducted at very low costs. In specific, we show that attackers can launch amplification attacks against the cloud consumers by abusing the free public third-party services provided by the Internet giants such as Google, Microsoft, Facebook and LinkedIn. Through studying the characteristics of 10 main public third-party services, we reveal that all of them can be abused to launch EDoS attacks and the amplification factor can reach up to 135K. To combat against the uncovered attacks, we propose several mitigation strategies for the third-party service providers as well as the cloud consumers.
Characterizing Response Types and Revealing Noun Ambiguity in German Association Norms

This paper presents an analysis of semantic association norms for German nouns. In contrast to prior studies, we not only collected associations elicited by written representations of target objects but also by their pictorial representations. In a first analysis, we identified systematic differences in the type and distribution of associate responses for the two presentation forms. In a second analysis, we applied a soft cluster analysis to the collected targetresponse pairs. We subsequently used the clustering to predict noun ambiguity and to discriminate senses in our target nouns.
Migration of tumor cells to organ-derived chemoattractants.

Certain tissues contain unique factors which are chemotactic for metastatic tumor cell lines. Extracts of bone, brain, liver, and lung were tested for their ability to promote either the migration or the chemoinvasion, i.e., their penetration through a reconstituted basement membrane barrier, of various metastatic tumor cells. Using a modified Boyden chamber assay for chemotaxis, B16-Br2 melanoma cells, which metastasize to brain, migrated most actively to brain extract. Lung-directed T241-PM2 fibrosarcoma cells migrated selectively to lung extract. Further, murine M50-76 reticulum cell sarcoma cells, which metastasize to liver and ovaries, were preferentially attracted to liver extract, and MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells with high bone and brain colonization potential were found to migrate most actively to bone and brain extracts. Partial purification of tissue extracts showed that the factors in brain and liver are of different molecular weights. These data suggest that tissue-specific factors in different target tissues attract tumor cells which home to those sites.
Sensitized phenotypic screening identifies gene dosage sensitive region on chromosome 11 that predisposes to disease in mice

The identification of susceptibility genes for human disease is a major goal of current biomedical research. Both sequence and structural variation have emerged as major genetic sources of phenotypic variability and growing evidence points to copy number variation as a particularly important source of susceptibility for disease. Here we propose and validate a strategy to identify genes in which changes in dosage alter susceptibility to disease‐relevant phenotypes in the mouse. Our approach relies on sensitized phenotypic screening of megabase‐sized chromosomal deletion and deficiency lines carrying altered copy numbers of ∼30 linked genes. This approach offers several advantages as a method to systematically identify genes involved in disease susceptibility. To examine the feasibility of such a screen, we performed sensitized phenotyping in five therapeutic areas (metabolic syndrome, immune dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cancer and behaviour) of a 0.8 Mb reciprocal chromosomal duplication and deficiency on chromosome 11 containing 27 genes. Gene dosage in the region significantly affected risk for high‐fat diet‐induced metabolic syndrome, antigen‐induced immune hypersensitivity, ApoE‐induced atherosclerosis, and home cage activity. Follow up studies on individual gene knockouts for two candidates in the region showed that copy number variation in Stat5 was responsible for the phenotypic variation in antigen‐induced immune hypersensitivity and metabolic syndrome. These data demonstrate the power of sensitized phenotypic screening of segmental aneuploidy lines to identify disease susceptibility genes.
Technology Use Typologies and Psychological Adjustment During Adolescence

The primary purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of adolescents based on their reported use of technology. Secondary aims were to examine whether technology use typologies differ by gender and to explore whether technology use typologies are linked to psychological adjustment. The sample included 1,003 10th and 11th grade students from U.S. high schools. Participating adolescents completed a survey in school. Latent class analysis (LCA) revealed three subgroups for adolescent girls and boys. Both girls and boys were characterized by a HIGH overall use subgroup and a LOW overall use subgroup. For the third subgroup, girls were characterized by high social-entertainment device use (SOC-ENT), whereas boys were characterized by high video game and computer use (VG-COMP). These subgroups were differentially related to self-competence and internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety). Findings from this study highlight the importance of examining typologies of technology use by gender during adolescence.
Modeling and Vulnerability Analysis of Cyber-Physical Power Systems Considering Network Topology and Power Flow Properties

Conventional power systems are developing into cyber-physical power systems (CPPS) with wide applications of communication, computer and control technologies. However, multiple practical cases show that the failure of cyber layers is a major factor leading to blackouts. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the cascading failure process considering cyber layer failures and analyze the vulnerability of CPPS. In this paper, a CPPS model, which consists of cyber layer, physical layer and cyber-physical interface, is presented using complex network theory. Considering power flow properties, the impacts of cyber node failures on the cascading failure propagation process are studied. Moreover, two vulnerability indices are established from the perspective of both network structure and power flow properties. A vulnerability analysis method is proposed, and the CPPS performance before and after cascading failures is analyzed by the proposed method to calculate vulnerability indices. In the case study, three typical scenarios are analyzed to illustrate the method, and vulnerabilities under different interface strategies and attack strategies are compared. Two thresholds are proposed to value the CPPS vulnerability roughly. The results show that CPPS is more vulnerable under malicious attacks and cyber nodes with high indices are vulnerable points which should be reinforced.
Looking Good and Being Good: Women Leaders in Australian Universities

In this article, I argue that women in senior leadership positions in universities continue to face a number of tensions and ambiguities in their everyday working lives. Drawing on the metaphors of ‘looking good’ and ‘being good’, I highlight the gendered assumptions that senior women encounter. As senior leaders, women are simultaneously required to negotiate an inherently masculine culture yet at the same time are expected to exercise a level of femininity. Their physical presence, appearance, clothing, gestures, and behaviours are central to the bodily exercise of leadership. As the data presented illustrate, women’s leadership bodies and bodily performances reflect gendered institutional norms and assumptions about how leaders should look and act.
Interpolation Theorems, Lower Bounds for Proof Systems, and Independence Results for Bounded Arithmetic

A proof of the (propositional) Craig interpolation theorem for cut-free sequent calculus yields that a sequent with a cut-free proof (or with a proof with cut-formulas of restricted form; in particular, with only analytic cuts) with k inferences has an interpolant whose circuit-size is at most k. We give a new proof of the interpolation theorem based on a communication complexity approach which allows a similar estimate for a larger class of proofs. We derive from it several corollaries: 1. Feasible interpolation theorems for the following proof systems: (a) resolution. (b) a subsystem of LK corresponding to the bounded arithmetic theory S 2 2 (). (c) linear equational calculus. (d) cutting planes. 2. New proofs of the exponential lower bounds (for new formulas) (a) for resolution ((15]). (b) for the cutting planes proof system with coeecients written in unary ((4]). 3. An alternative proof of the independence result of 43] concerning the provability of circuit-size lower bounds in the bounded arithmetic theory S 2 2 (). 1 In the other direction we show that a depth 2 subsystem of LK does not admit feasible monotone interpolation theorem (the so called Lyndon theorem), and that a feasible monotone interpolation theorem for the depth 1 subsystem of LK would yield new exponential lower bounds for resolution proofs of the weak pigeonhole principle.
DinB Upregulation Is the Sole Role of the SOS Response in Stress-Induced Mutagenesis in Escherichia coli

Stress-induced mutagenesis is a collection of mechanisms observed in bacterial, yeast, and human cells in which adverse conditions provoke mutagenesis, often under the control of stress responses. Control of mutagenesis by stress responses may accelerate evolution specifically when cells are maladapted to their environments, i.e., are stressed. It is therefore important to understand how stress responses increase mutagenesis. In the Escherichia coli Lac assay, stress-induced point mutagenesis requires induction of at least two stress responses: the RpoS-controlled general/starvation stress response and the SOS DNA-damage response, both of which upregulate DinB error-prone DNA polymerase, among other genes required for Lac mutagenesis. We show that upregulation of DinB is the only aspect of the SOS response needed for stress-induced mutagenesis. We constructed two dinB(oc) (operator-constitutive) mutants. Both produce SOS-induced levels of DinB constitutively. We find that both dinB(oc) alleles fully suppress the phenotype of constitutively SOS-“off” lexA(Ind−) mutant cells, restoring normal levels of stress-induced mutagenesis. Thus, dinB is the only SOS gene required at induced levels for stress-induced point mutagenesis. Furthermore, although spontaneous SOS induction has been observed to occur in only a small fraction of cells, upregulation of dinB by the dinB(oc) alleles in all cells does not promote a further increase in mutagenesis, implying that SOS induction of DinB, although necessary, is insufficient to differentiate cells into a hypermutable condition.
Boosting Quasi-Asynchronous I/O for Better Responsiveness in Mobile Devices

Providing quick system response for mobile devices is of great importance due to their interactive nature. However, we observe that the latency of file system operations increases dramatically under heavy asynchronous I/Os in the background. A careful analysis reveals that most of the delay arises from an unexpected situation where the file system operations are blocked until one or more asynchronous I/O operations are completed. We call such an I/O - which is issued as an asynchronous I/O but has the property of a synchronous I/O as some tasks are blocked on it - Quasi-Asynchronous I/O (QASIO). We classify the types of dependencies between tasks and QASIOs and then show when such dependencies occur in the Linux kernel. Also, we propose a novel scheme to detect QASIOs at run time and boost them over the other asynchronous I/Os in the I/O scheduler. Our measurement results on the latest smartphone demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively improves the responsiveness of file system operations.