Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The minimum effective concentration (MEC90) of bupivacaine for an ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block for analgesia in knee surgery: a dose-finding study.

Background In recent years, the suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (SFICB) has become more common in clinical practice. This assessor-blinded dose-finding study aimed to determine the minimum effective concentration (MEC90, MEC95) of bupivacaine for a single-injection SFICB in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair. Methods This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital (postoperative recovery room and ward). The SFICB was performed as a postsurgical intervention after spinal anesthesia. Seventy patients were allocated using the biased-coin design up-and-down sequential method. The ultrasound-guided SFICB was performed using different bupivacaine concentrations, and standard multimodal analgesia was administered to all patients. Block success was defined as the absence of pain or presence of only tactile sensation during the pinprick test conducted on the anterior and lateral regions of the mid-thigh six hours postoperatively. Results According to isotonic regression and bootstrap CIs, the MEC90 value of bupivacaine for a successful SFICB was 0.123% (95% CI: 0.098-0.191) and the MEC95 value was 0.188% (95% CI: 0.113-0.223). Conclusion Our study showed that the MEC90 and MEC95 values for bupivacaine administered via an SFICB for analgesia were 0.123% and 0.188%, respectively. One advantage of using lower concentrations of bupivacaine is the associated reduction in quadriceps weakness.
Growth and Yield of Boro Rice (BRRI Dhan 50) as Affected by Planting Geometry under System of Rice Intensification

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple crop in Bangladesh and different factors influence its productivity. Among these factors, desired number of plant spacing per unit area is important for higher yield attainment.Therefore, this study were undertaken to define the optimum plant geometry for getting the maximum yield. The experiment was conducted at Agronomy field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during December, 2011 to May, 2012 to study the growth and yield of Boro rice (BRRI dhan 50) as affected by planting geometry under System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Experiment comprised 5 level of plant spacing, viz. S1: 25 cm × 25 cm, S2: 30 cm × 30 cm, S3: 35 cm × 35 cm, S4: 40 cm × 40 cm and S5: 25 cm × 15 cm following Completely Randomized Block Design with three replication. Maximum dry matter (156.2 g/hill), number of tiller (44.0/hill), number of effective tiller (36.3/hill), number of filled grains (101.5/panicle), grain yield (6.9 t/ha), straw yield (5.9 t/ha), biological yield (12.7 t/ha) and harvest index (54.5%) was found from 40 x 40 cm plant spacing while minimum was observed from 25 x 25 cm of plant spacing in this study.
The Impact of Lesser Snow Goose Herbivory on Above and Belowground Nutrient Dynamics in Two Sub-Arctic Ecosystems

In order to determine the impact of lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) herbivory on above and belowground nutrient dynamics, a grazing and nutrient addition experiment was conducted in two habitat types utilized by snow geese near Churchill, Manitoba. Forage plant nutrition, soil microbial biomass, and inorganic and organic soil nutrients were measured in relation to the timing of grazing, over two consecutive summers. Soil was collected from the rhizosphere to determine the influence of foliar herbivory on root-microbe interactions. Primary productivity in both habitats is co-limited by the availability of both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Aboveground defoliation either caused a reduction or no change in soil microbial biomass nutrients (carbon (C), N, or P). Defoliated shoots had higher N concentrations and did not show compensatory growth within the season. Root biomass was somewhat reduced with grazing, but higher whole plant N content suggests that grazing does not compromise N-uptake.
Transition of a Hyperpycnal Flow Into a Saline Turbidity Current Due to Differential Diffusivities

We provide a new perspective on the transition of hyperpycnal flows into saline turbidity currents, which permits longer runout lengths than might be otherwise expected. This mechanism relies on the differential turbulent diffusion of salt and sediment, and in contrast to ambient saltwater entrainment it enables the salinification of the freshwater current without diluting the sediment concentration field by a corresponding amount. The freshness‐to‐sediment ratio is introduced in order to quantify the transition process. The results of high‐resolution simulations provide estimates for the transition distance of hyperpycnal model flows into saline turbidity currents.
Atlantic hurricanes and climate change: Projection of a peak month in a future record hurricane season

To address the question of how tropical cyclones (TCs) might change in a future climate affected by global warming, recent work has focused on the addition of atmospheric anomalies predicted by general circulation models (GCMs) into simulations by finer-resolution mesoscale numerical or statistical models, a process known as “downscaling” (Knutson and Tuleya 2004; Knutson et al. 2007; Emanuel et al. 2008). In the current study, GCM-predicted temperature and moisture anomalies are used to provide altered initial conditions in simulations of the peak of hurricane season at the end of the 21st century in the Weather, Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. By adding the GCM-derived changes to analyzed data from a recent season, without modifying the wind field, the thermodynamic impact of climate change on tropical cyclone characteristics is isolated.
An Application Oriented Self-Adaptive SLAM System for Mobile Robots

Since more and more applications such as automatic drive and tasks for quadcopters rely on real-time Simultaneous Localization and Mapping system, it’s necessary to adjust the algorithm to adapt to real time tasks. Based on feature based methods like ORB SLAM, we try to propose an approach to further enhance efficiency by speed self-adaptive key frame and key feature point selection, which contributes to decrease workload on hardware system, simplifies the procedure of parameter calibration and improve robustness of the whole system.
On the Presence of the Lessepsian Pomadasys stridens (Haemulidae) in the Aegean Sea (Marmaris Bay, Turkey)

This paper reports the presence of new striped piggy, Pomadasys stridens specimens in the Turkish Aegean Sea. Four specimens, measuring between 136 and 140 mm in TL, were captured off Marmaris coast, Mugla in southern Aegean Sea on 16 March 2018. This short paper presents second record of the fish in the Aegean Sea that indicates beginning of its established population in the area.
No role for industrial black carbon in forcing 19th century glacierretreat in the Alps

Abstract. Light absorbing aerosols in the atmosphere and cryosphere play an important role in the climate system. Their presence in ambient air and snow changes radiative properties of these media, thus contributing to increased atmospheric warming and snowmelt. High spatio-temporal variability of aerosol concentrations and a shortage of long-term observations contribute to large uncertainties in properly assigning the climate effects of aerosols through time. Starting around 1860 AD, many glaciers in the European Alps began to retreat from their maximum mid-19th century terminus positions, thereby visualizing the end of the Little Ice Age in Europe. Radiative forcing by increasing deposition of industrial black carbon to snow has been suggested as the main driver of the abrupt glacier retreats in the Alps. Basis for this hypothesis were model simulations using elemental carbon concentrations at low temporal resolution from two ice cores in the Alps. Here we present sub-annually resolved, well-replicated concentration records of refractory black carbon (rBC; using soot photometry) as well as distinctive tracers for mineral dust, biomass burning and industrial pollution from the Colle Gnifetti ice core in the Alps from 1741–2015 AD. These records allow precise assessment of a potential relation between the timing of observed acceleration of glacier melt in the mid-19th century with an increase of rBC deposition on the glacier caused by the industrialization of Western Europe. Our study reveals that in 1875 AD, the time when European rBC emission rates started to significantly increase, the majority of Alpine glaciers had already experienced more than 80 % of their total 19th century length reduction. Industrial BC emissions can, therefore, not been considered as the primary forcing for the rapid deglaciation at the end of the Little Ice Age in the Alps. BC records from the Alps and Greenland also reveal the limitations of bottom-up emission inventories to represent a realistic evolution of anthropogenic BC emissions since preindustrial times.
Cooling ventilation at farrowing for sows from first to third parturition

This study aimed to evaluate the thermal comfort considering natural and cooling ventilation on the performance, physiological parameters and thermal comfort indices for sows from first to third parturition. A total of 30 sows from commercial lineage (genetic base Landrace x Large White) initially weighing 252.3±5.7, 280.8±9.5 and 324.5±4.8 kg at first, second and third parturition, respectively, were distributed in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, considering the three parturition orders and the two ventilation methods, with five replicas per treatment. The effect of ventilation methods and times of the day on relative humidity, radiant thermal load, temperature and humidity index and black globe humidity index. There was an interaction among ventilation methods and parturition order for sow weight at weaning and daily feed intake. Regarding the females physiological parameters, with the exception of rectal temperature, there was an interaction between ventilation methods and times of the day. The thermal conditioning using cooling ventilation provides better values for thermal comfort indexes of the sows and promotes an increase in feed intake, mainly in gilts.
Assessing Seasonal Predictability Sources and Windows of High Predictability in the Climate Forecast System, Version 2

The representation of ENSO and NAO are examined in the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), reforecasts with a focus on the physical processes related to teleconnections and predictability. CFSv2 predicts ENSO well, but an eastward shift of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is evident. Although it appears minor on the global scale, the shift in convection and the large-scale wave train affects the model prediction of regional climate. In contrast, NAO is predicted poorly. The anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) between the model ensemble mean and the observation is 0.27 during 1982–2010, and the ensemble spread is large. The representation of three sources of NAO predictability—SST, the stratospheric polar vortex, and the Arctic sea ice concentration—is investigated. It is found that the link between tropical Pacific SST and NAO is not well represented in CFSv2, and that the tropospheric–stratospheric interactions are too weak, both contributing to the poor prediction of NAO. Additionally, the impact of ENSO and NAO on prediction skill of CFSv2 in boreal winter is analyzed in terms of the spatial ACC of geopotential height. Active ENSO events exhibit larger prediction skill than neutral years, especially during the ENSO+/NAO− and ENSO−/NAO+ winters. Spatial patterns of prediction skill are also examined, and larger skill of geopotential height and 2-m air temperature is found outlined by the nodes of the PNA pattern, consistent with the large signal-to-noise ratios associated with the ENSO teleconnection.
Numerical analysis of light absorbing semiconducting devices beyond the conventional 3dB bandwidth

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Optimal inverse estimation of ecosystem parameters from observations of carbon and energy fluxes

Abstract. Canopy structural and leaf photosynthesis parameterizations such as maximum carboxylation capacity (Vcmax), slope of the Ball–Berry stomatal conductance model (BBslope) and leaf area index (LAI) are crucial for modeling plant physiological processes and canopy radiative transfer. These parameters are large sources of uncertainty in predictions of carbon and water fluxes. In this study, we develop an optimal moving window nonlinear Bayesian inversion framework to use the Soil Canopy Observation Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model for constraining Vcmax, BBslope and LAI with observations of coupled carbon and energy fluxes and spectral reflectance from satellites. We adapted SCOPE to follow the biochemical implementation of the Community Land Model and applied the inversion framework for parameter retrievals of plant species that have both the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways across three ecosystems. We present comparative analysis of parameter retrievals using observations of (i) gross primary productivity (GPP) and latent energy (LE) fluxes and (ii) improvement in results when using flux observations along with reflectance. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the approach in terms of capturing the seasonal variability and posterior error reduction (40 %–90 %) of key ecosystem parameters. The optimized parameters capture the diurnal and seasonal variability in the GPP and LE fluxes well when compared to flux tower observations (0.95>R2>0.79). This study thus demonstrates the feasibility of parameter inversions using SCOPE, which can be easily adapted to incorporate additional data sources such as spectrally resolved reflectance and fluorescence and thermal emissions.
Effect of coupled global climate models sea surface temperature biases on simulated climate of the western United States

To diagnose the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) biases on temperature and precipitation patterns in the western United States, we analysed atmospheric and coupled global climate model (GCM) simulated output from the Coupled and Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project versions 3 and 5 (CMIP3, AMIP3, CMIP5, and AMIP5). We further analyse the impact of SST biases in regional climate modelling simulations. CMIP3 and CMIP5 multi‐model ensembles show systematic warm SST biases offshore of California and the Baja California Peninsula (Baja) region, with ensemble mean SST biases of the order of ~3–5 °C. Throughout the western United States, 75% of all models in CMIP3 and CMIP5 exhibit wet precipitation biases and corresponding cold biases in surface temperature. The CMIP5 ensemble shows on average a stronger and more consistent relationship between Baja SST biases and precipitation over the west compared to the CMIP3 ensemble. We attempted to isolate the atmospheric response to regional SST biases using a regional climate model (RCM) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a 36 km grid size. The RCM was driven with the CMIP3‐CCSM3 as boundary conditions with and without corrections of simulated SSTs. Results from RCM simulations further confirm that SST biases impact climate regionally and propagate over the western United States and can explain up to 80% of wet precipitation biases. Our regional GCM comparison and RCM experiment assess the robustness of model estimates of climate mean states and constitute an often neglected prerequisite for characterizing how errors transfer from GCM to regional downscaling modelling frameworks and how they could potentially affect downscaling application and impact studies.
CIA-5358-The cognitive impact of anticholinergics: A clinic

1Regenstrief Institute, Inc. Indianapolis, In, UsA; 2Indiana University Center for Aging Research; 3Department of Medicine, Indiana University school of Medicine, Indianapolis, In, UsA; 4Wishard health services, Indianapolis, In, UsA; 5school of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, In, UsA; 6Kent Institute of Medicine and health sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK; 7Kent and Medway nhs Trust, Dartford, Kent, UK; 8Postgraduate Medical Institute, University of hull, hull, UK; 9Penn state University school of nursing; 10Department of Psychiatry, Penn state College of Medicine; 11Indiana University Medical group – Primary Care, Indianapolis, In, UsA
Genetic diversity and population structure of Siganus fuscescens across urban reefs of Seribu Islands, Northern of Jakarta, Indonesia

Bramandito A, Subhan B, Prartono T, Anggraini NP, Januar HI, Madduppa HH. 2018. Genetic diversity and population structure of Siganus fuscescens across urban reefs of Seribu Islands, Northern of Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1993-2002. Jakarta bay and Seribu Islands reefs have been affected by anthropogenic activities which causing them degraded and low quality of the ecosystem. However, lack of study has been conducted to investigate the effect on reef fish population due to change in ecosystem quality. Therefore, this study was undertaken to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of Siganus fuscescens population against heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cu) concentration across Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands environmental gradient. Genetic diversity and structuring of S. fuscescens populations were determined using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I. Monitoring of heavy metal was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) shows highest concentration of heavy metal (Pb, Cd, and Cu) was observed in the southern of Seribu Islands, closest to Jakarta. However, the diversity of haplotype obtained from each location indicates a varied range between 0,1429 (Pramuka Island, located in the center) and 0,75 (Untung Jawa Island, located in the south). Linear regression test reveals that Cu elements had a moderate effect (R2 adjusted = 0.665) to the nucleotide diversity of the fish. The study shows some populations of S. fuscescens have been affected by heavy metal and could be an alarm to manage this artisanal targeted fish in the Seribu Islands.
Effect of preharvest growth bioregulators on physicochemical quality of saladette tomato

Solanum lycopersicum L. is one of the most consumed horticultural products in the world, due to its wide versatility in use (fresh and processed) and high nutraceutical value. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of preharvest spraying of ethephon, calcium prohexadione, iodine and sodium selenite on some physicochemical quality parameters in greenhouse-grown saladette tomato fruits. The experimental design was completely randomized and the evaluated variables were color, weight, equatorial and polar diameter, roundness index, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and lycopene concentration. Individual application of ethephon (1.6 mL∙L) and iodine (5 mL∙L) significantly increased fruit weight (133.71 g) and firmness (3.26 N), with respect to the control (80.36 g and 0.95 N). Fruits that showed the highest TA (0.34 % citric acid) were those sprayed with 125 mg∙L of sodium selenite. On the other hand, the equatorial and polar diameter, TSS and lycopene concentrations, brightness, hue and roundness index did not differ statistically among treatments. Preharvest foliar application of ethephon, iodine and sodium selenite could be considered as an agronomic management alternative in greenhouse tomato production systems.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Background: A substantial burden associated with MI has been reported. Thus, how survivors experience their quality of life (QOL) is now being given increasing attention. However, few studies have involved women and a comparison with the general population. The aims of this study were to determine the QOL of female MI survivors, to investigate whether their QOL differed from that of the general population, and to evaluate the clinical significance of the findings. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were performed; on female MI survivors and the general Norwegian population. The MI survey included women aged 62–80 years, three months to five years after their MI. One hundred and forty-five women responded, yielding a response rate of 60%. A subset of women in the same age range (n = 156) was drawn from a study of 1893 randomly selected Norwegian citizens. QOL was measured in both groups with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Abbreviated (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: The majority (54%) of the female MI survivors presented with ST-elevation in their ECG, 31% received thrombolysis, and 38% had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Female MI survivors reported significantly lower satisfaction with general health (p = 0.020) and overall QOL (p = 0.017) than women from the general population. This was also the case for the physical and environmental QOL domains (p < 0.001), but not for the psychological and social relationship domains. Estimated effect sizes between the two groups of participants ranged from 0.1 to -0.6. Conclusion: The burden of MI significantly affects the physical health of elderly women. Still, female MI survivors fare as well as the general female population on psychosocial QOL domains. Action should be taken not only to support women's physical needs but also to reinforce their strengths in order to maintain optimal QOL. Published: 30 October 2007 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2007, 5:58 doi:10.1186/1477-7525-5-58 Received: 16 May 2007 Accepted: 30 October 2007 This article is available from: http://www.hqlo. com/content/5/1/58 © 2007 Norekvål et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ribosomes modulate transcriptome abundance via generalized frameshift and out-of-frame mRNA decay

Cells need to adapt their transcriptome to quickly match cellular needs in changing environments. mRNA abundance can be controlled by altering both its synthesis and decay. Here we show how, in response to poor nutritional conditions, the bulk of the S. cerevisiae transcriptome undergoes -1 ribosome frameshifts and experiences an accelerated out-of-frame co-translational mRNA decay. Using RNA metabolic labelling, we demonstrate that in poor nutritional conditions, NMD-dependent degradation represents at least one third of the total mRNA decay. We further characterize this mechanism and identify low codon optimality as a key factor for ribosomes to induce out-of-frame mRNA decay. Finally, we show that this phenomenon is conserved from bacteria to humans. Our work provides evidence for a direct regulatory feedback mechanism coupling protein demand with the control of mRNA abundance to limit cellular growth and expands the functional role of mRNA quality control.