Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of MLL-AF9 detection in patients with t(9;11)(p22;q23)-positive acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Translocation (9;11) is the most common t(11q23) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A considerable number of patients with this cytogenetic abnormality relapse and die of their disease. We evaluated the clinical significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in t(9;11)(p22;q23)-positive AML patients using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS We identified 34 newly diagnosed patients with t(9;11)(p22;q23)-positive AML treated within three multicenter trials of the AML Study Group. MRD could be investigated by RQ-PCR in 19 patients during and after therapy. Because of the relatively low sensitivity of the RQ-PCR (10(-3) to 10(-4) at the cellular level), samples from RQ-PCR-negative patients were also analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR; sensitivity 10-4 to 10-5 at the cellular level). RESULTS RQ-PCR monitoring revealed two groups of patients: group 1 (n=11) had negative RQ-PCR in all samples collected in hematologic complete remission whereas group 2 (n=8) had at least one positive RQ-PCR in samples collected in complete remission during therapy. Group 1 had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of relapse (p=0.004) and better overall survival (p=0.003) compared to group 2. nPCR did not add information to that gained from RQ-PCR. Molecular relapse was detected in two patients by RQ-PCR four and six weeks, respectively before hematologic relapse occurred. Quantitative MLL-AF9 levels at diagnosis or during and after therapy had no prognostic impact. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Early achievement of sustained RQ-PCR negativity appears to be a prerequisite for long-term hematologic complete remission in t(9;11)-positive AML. Furthermore, RQ-PCR might be useful for early detection of relapse. Additional patients need to be studied to corroborate these findings.
In vitro antitumor properties of a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, P276-00

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) and their associated pathways represent some of the most attractive targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics. Based on antitumor activity in animal models, a variety of Cdk inhibitors are undergoing clinical evaluation either as a single agent or in combination with other approved drugs. In our anticancer drug discovery program, a novel series of flavones have been synthesized for evaluation against the activity of Cdk4-D1. This enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, thus inhibiting its function. We have identified a series of potent Cdk4-D1 inhibitors with IC50 below 250 nmol/L. In this report, we have described the properties of one of the best compound, P276-00 of the flavone's series. P276-00 shows 40-fold selectivity toward Cdk4-D1, compared with Cdk2-E. The specificity toward 14 other related and unrelated kinases was also determined. P276-00 was found to be more selective with IC50s <100 nmol/L for Cdk4-D1, Cdk1-B, and Cdk9-T1, as compared with other Cdks, and less selective for non-Cdk kinases. It showed potent antiproliferative effects against various human cancer cell lines, with an IC50 ranging from 300 to 800 nmol/L and was further compared for its antiproliferative activity against cancer and normal fibroblast cell lines. P276-00 was found to be highly selective for cancer cells as compared with normal fibroblast cells. To delineate its mechanism of action, the effect of P276-00 on cell cycle proteins was studied in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human non–small cell lung carcinoma (H-460). A significant down-regulation of cyclin D1 and Cdk4 and a decrease in Cdk4-specific pRb Ser780 phosphorylation was observed. P276-00 produced potent inhibition of Cdk4-D1 activity that was found to be competitive with ATP and not with retinoblastoma protein. The compound also induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells, as evidenced by the induction of caspase-3 and DNA ladder studies. These data suggest that P276-00 has the potential to be developed as an anti-Cdk chemotherapeutic agent. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(3):918–25]
A mechatronic analysis of the classical position-force controller based on bounded environment passivity

Bounded Environment Passivity, presented in this paper, allows one to design teleoperation systems that behave passively provided that the environment with which interaction takes place belongs to an a priori defined range of environments. The use of such a priori knowledge on the environment reduces conservativeness with respect to classical design approaches. An additional advantage lies in its capability to get a clearer insight on which type of environments are problematic for the specific controller under investigation. On the basis of a case study, i.e. the well-known Position-Force controller, this paper describes and compares different passivity-based methods. First, the traditional methods of two-port passivity and absolute stability are applied. The restrictions of these methods to come up with useful design rules are explicitly demonstrated. Second, the Bounded Environment Passivity conditions of the Position-Force controller are derived. These conditions describe the relation between the specific controller implementation, the teleoperator dynamics and the environment characteristics. In addition, the effects of structural resonance frequencies and low-pass filters, often present in realistic teleoperator setups, are described. This analysis reveals fundamental mechatronic rules of thumb for the design of a teleoperator system with a Position-Force control architecture. The theoretical results are verified experimentally on a one-degree-of-freedom teleoperation system.
A Review on the Application of Visual Attention in Target Detection of Remote Sensing Image

Target detection in remote sensing image is critical for remote sensing applications such as area Inspection, passive navigation, disaster salvation, aero craft guiding, etc. The detection effect of classical target detection methods is not ideal for problems such as remote sensing image data for large, complex backgrounds, or the target's own lack of information. This paper carries up the analysis of certain difficult problems which exist in remote sensing image target detection, the research results, the massive existing models in which solves using Itti and the Koch vision attention model and its improvement model. As can be seen from the analysis, bottom-up visual attention model was used for the rapid detection of the target of interest in remote sensing images; increases target detection efficiency and accuracy, through a combination of the top-down visual attention model. As can be seen from the examples of the successful applications of remote sensing image target detection, visual attention can effectively capture important information: real-time and robustness strong.
Dual Infection of Gnotobiotic Calves with Bovine Strains of Group A and Porcine-Like Group C Rotaviruses Influences Pathogenesis of the Group C Rotavirus

ABSTRACT There is serological evidence that bovine group C rotaviruses exist in the United States, but there are no reports of their isolation. Ninety fecal samples from calves with diarrhea, 81 samples from adult cows with diarrhea (winter dysentery), and 20 fecal samples from healthy adult cows were tested for group C rotaviruses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immune electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Three samples from adult cow diarrhea cases were positive only by RT-PCR, and a group C rotavirus was isolated from a positive sample in monkey kidney (MA104) cells (WD534tc/C). Genetically and serologically, the WD534tc/C strain was more closely related to the Cowden porcine group C strain than to the Shintoku bovine strain. Because the original cow feces also contained a group A rotavirus (detected after passage in cell culture), we hypothesized that such dual-rotavirus infections might play a role in the pathogenesis and host adaptation of rotaviruses. Thus, we examined the pathogenesis of WD534tc/C alone or combined with virulent (IND/A) or attenuated (NCDV/A) bovine group A rotaviruses in gnotobiotic calves. WD534tc/C alone induced diarrhea without (or with limited) virus shedding in inoculated calves (n = 3). In contrast, all calves coinfected with WD534tc/C and IND/A (n = 2) developed diarrhea and shed both viruses, whereas calves coinfected with WD534tc/C and NCDV/A (n= 3) developed diarrhea but did not shed either virus. Infection with WD534tc/C or NCDV/A alone caused only mild villous atrophy (jejunum and/or ileum), whereas dual infection with both viruses induced lesions throughout the small intestine. Although IND/A alone caused villous atrophy, more-widespread small intestinal lesions occurred in calves coinfected with WD534tc/C and IND/A. In conclusion, coinfection of calves with group A rotaviruses enhanced fecal shedding of a bovine group C rotavirus and the extent of histopathological lesions in the small intestines. Thus, our findings suggest a potential novel hypothesis involving dual infections for the adaptation of heterologous rotaviruses to new host species.
High Tibial Osteotomy: Review of Techniques and Biomechanics

High tibial osteotomy becomes increasingly important in the treatment of cartilage damage or osteoarthritis of the medial compartment with concurrent varus deformity. HTO produces a postoperative valgus limb alignment with shifting the load-bearing axis of the lower limb laterally. However, maximizing procedural success and postoperative knee function still possess many difficulties. The key to improve the postoperative satisfaction and long-term survival is the understanding of the vital biomechanics of HTO in essence. This review article discussed the alignment principles, surgical technique, and fixation plate of HTO as well as the postoperative gait, musculoskeletal dynamics, and contact mechanics of the knee joint. We aimed to highlight the recent findings and progresses on the biomechanics of HTO. The biomechanical studies on HTO are still insufficient in the areas of gait analysis, joint kinematics, and joint contact mechanics. Combining musculoskeletal dynamics modelling and finite element analysis will help comprehensively understand in vivo patient-specific biomechanics after HTO.
Toe input with mobile projector and depth camera

With the miniaturization of mobile projectors, we can provide a larger projection surface for information browsing, despite the small size of the projection devices. Moreover, the opportunities for using location-based information services both indoors and outdoors increase. We can obtain the necessary information via the small LCDs of handheld devices, thanks to the prevalence of cell phones and GPS technology. However, these mobile terminal devices restrict the use of one hand and demand that the user keeps a close watch on the small display. It is necessary to take the devices out of a pocket or bag. To solve these problems, many researchers have focused on wearable projection systems. These systems allow for the provision of hands-free viewing via large projected screens and eliminate the need to take out and hold devices. In this paper, we propose a “Toe Input” method, which can realize haptic interaction, direct manipulation, and floor projection in wearable projection systems with a slightly larger projection surface. We evaluate the system in terms of accuracy, required time, comfort, and area suitable for input.
Random Subchannel Selection of Store-Carry and Forward Transmissions in Traffic Hotspots

Traditional direct transmission or cooperative relaying can hardly meet the traffic demand in the traffic hotspots of the future wireless networks due to the limited radio resources. The store-carry and forward (SCF) scheme can address this issue to some extent, but still suffers from inter-user interference (IUI) of uncoordinated user-to-user (U2U) communications. Existing radio resource allocation approaches can decrease the IUI, but the additional uplink signaling overhead (USO) consumes too much radio resources. To address this issue, we propose a random subchannel selection-based SCF (SCF-RSS) scheme, where a USO-free user selection protocol is designed to establish U2U links. Simulations show that the proposed SCF-RSS can improve the system throughput and energy efficiency compared with the existing SCF.
Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa associated with age.

BACKGROUND The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a donor material in periodontal plastic surgery. However, there are relatively few studies investigating the volume or thickness of the palatal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to determine the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in Asian subjects aged 14 to 59 years by a direct clinical technique. The associations of age and gender with the thickness of palatal mucosa were also examined. METHODS Sixty-two systemically and periodontally healthy Asians (31 males; 31 females; age range 14 to 59 years) participated in this study. The younger age group (age 14 to 21 years) consisted of 32 subjects with a mean age of 16.8 years, whereas the older age group (age 30 to 59 years) consisted of 30 subjects with a mean age of 38.7 years. A bone-sounding method using a periodontal probe with minimal anesthesia and a prepared clear acrylic stent were utilized to assess the thickness of palatal mucosa at 15 measurement sites defined according to the gingival margin and mid-palatal line. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of age and gender with the mean mucosal thickness at the subject level. The Wilcoxon test was used to determine the difference in mucosal thickness between the 2 age groups, and between gender at each measurement point. RESULTS The mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa ranged from 2.0 to 3.7 mm. The younger age group had significantly thinner mucosa (mean 2.8 +/- 0.3 mm) than the older age group (mean 3.1 +/- 0.3 mm). Females had thinner mucosa than males in the same age group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the thickness of palatal mucosa increased from the canine to second molar areas and in the sites furthest from the gingival margin towards the mid-palate (with the exception of the first molar area, where significantly decreased thickness was observed). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of the present study, the canine and premolar areas appear to be the most appropriate donor site for grafting procedures in both young and adult individuals. The subepithelial connective tissue graft procedure can be considered as a treatment modality in young patients, since a sufficient volume of donor tissue can be obtained from the hard palate area. Other factors that may influence the thickness of palatal mucosa such as racial and genetic factors and body weight need to be further investigated.
Wavelength Tunable Cavity Mirror for Silicon Micro-Ring-Based Hybrid Integrated Lasers

Two types of wavelength tunable cavity mirrors have been presented and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Both cavity mirrors show high reflectivity and large Q magnitude. They are used for realizing the silicon hybrid integrated lasers. The Q magnitude of the mirrors is about 6 × 104, and the reflectivity is more than 95%. We use a suspended edge coupler to connect the III-V semiconductor optical amplifier chip and the cavity mirrors. The measured highest laser output power is 6.1 mW in uncooled condition. A wide bandwidth tenability (the whole FSR) can be achieved, the tuning efficiency is about 6.7 mW/nm, and over 35-dB side mode suppression ratio is obtained.
An Empirical Study of Game Money and Cash Money Consumption: Evidence from Online Games

본 연구는 온라인 게임 내 이원적 화폐 체계(게임 머니, 캐시 머니)를 실증적으로 분석하고 게임 화폐의 소비에 영향을 주는 소비자들의 특성을 구체적으로 분석하였다. 관련 분야 선행 연구들을 바탕으로 본 연 구는 게임 이용 경험, 게임 내 성취, 그리고 지역적 특성을 핵심 변수로 선정하였고, 변수들 간의 상호작용 을 확인해 연구 모형을 제안하였다. 검증 결과, 게임 이용 경험과 게임 내 성취는 게임 머니와 캐시 머니 소비에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나, 그 효과의 방향성은 두 게임 화폐의 종류에 따라 상이하였 다. 또한 이러한 효과는 게임 이용자가 위치한 지리적 위치가 대도시권인지, 교외 지역인지에 따라 조절되 는 것이 관찰되어, 온라인 환경에서의 소비가 오프라인 환경에 따라 상이할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
The Duration of the EC Merger Control Process: Determinants and the Impact of the 2004 Merger Regulation Reform

Abstract The duration of merger proceedings held by competition authorities is an important determinant of the efficiency of the entire merger control process. A data set of 2953 Phase I and 92 Phase II investigations completed by the European Commission (EC) between 1999 and 2008 is used to examine the key determinants of their duration. Differentiating between authority- and case-related drivers, the findings show that while the duration of Phase I investigations largely depends on the type of decision and use of simplified procedure, the duration of Phase II investigations is driven by factors such as industry knowledge, the duration of the preceding Phase I investigation, the origin of the notifying firm, or the number of identified relevant markets. Evidence is also provided that the significant increase in average duration identified after the 2004 merger regulation reform does not imply a decrease in administrative efficiency, as the probability of in-depth investigations was correspondingly reduced.
Transmission of Equine Influenza Virus to Dogs

Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin suggested adaptive evolution in the new host. The etiologic role of this virus in respiratory disease was supported by the temporal association of rising antibody titers with disease and by experimental inoculation studies. The geographic expansion of the infection and its persistence for several years indicate efficient transmission of canine influenza virus among greyhounds. Evidence of infection in pet dogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population.
The proteome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Comparing predicted open reading frames to identified gene products

An existing proteome map of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae comprising proteins from 224 genes was extended to 305 genes. This corresponds to about 44% of the 688 proposed genome sequence derived open reading frames (ORFs). The newly assigned gene products were enriched, separated by one‐dimensional or two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. The enrichment procedures included differential centrifugation, anion and cation exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography with heparin as a ligand and isolation of biotinylated proteins by binding to immobilized streptavidin. A comparative analysis of the identified proteins from 305 genes with the as yet unverified 383 ORFs concerning isoelectric point, molecular weight and number of transmembrane segments revealed that proteins with more than three predicted transmembrane segments and an isoelectric point above 10.5 are most likely not to be separated by 2‐D gel electrophoresis. The mutual benefits of genomics and proteomics were shown by the identification of a todate unannotated 128 amino acid long protein.
Techniques for application of faecal DNA methods to field studies of Ursids

We describe methods for the preservation, extraction and amplification of DNA from faeces that facilitate field applications of faecal DNA technology. Mitochondrial, protein encoding and microsatellite nuclear DNA extracted and amplified from faeces of Malayan sun bears and North American black bears is shown to be identical to that extracted and amplified from the same individual's tissue or blood. A simple drying agent, silica beads, is shown to be a particularly effective preservative, allowing easy and safe transport of samples from the field. Methods are also developed to eliminate the risk of faecal DNA contamination from hair present in faeces.
Predicting DSM-III-R disorders from the Youth Self-Report: analysis of data from a field study.

OBJECTIVE To predict DSM-III-R diagnoses from Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores. METHOD The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.1c (DISC-2.1c) and YSR were administered to 289 homeless adolescents. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified YSR scales contributing to predictions of DSM-III-R disorders. Paper-and-pencil prediction rules based on YSR "borderline" or "clinical" scores were evaluated. RESULTS Statistically significant discriminant functions for disruptive disorders, depressive disorders, manic disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder, each based on a unique pair of YSR scales, produced overall hit rates of 0.66 to 0.90. Paper-and-pencil predictions produced comparable results. The weakest overall predictions were for the disruptive behaviors; the best rule ("IF Aggressive OR Delinquent is at least borderline THEN predict oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder") produced a 0.72 hit rate. The strongest overall predictions were for schizophrenia; the best prediction rule ("IF [Thought Problems AND Delinquent are at least borderline] AND [at least one is clinical] THEN predict schizophrenia") produced a 0.87 hlt rate. CONCLUSIONS While the success rates reported here are specific to this sample, it appears that the YSR has good ability to predict DSM-III-R diagnoses as determined by the DISC. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that categorical diagnoses can be treated as locations or cluster sectors in a multidimensional space.
Richter syndrome

Richter's transformation denotes the development of high‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, prolymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin disease, or acute leukemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma. A search of published articles in Medline (PubMed) and abstracts from professional meetings was performed. An electronic database search of patients with CLL at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) determined the incidence of Richter syndrome (RS) in patients with CLL between 1992 and 2002. RS occurs in approximately 5% of patients with CLL. The large cells of RS may arise through transformation of the original CLL clone or represent a new neoplasm. RS may be triggered by viral infections, such as Epstein–Barr virus. Trisomy 12 and chromosome 11 abnormalities are more frequent in patients with RS than in the overall population of patients with CLL. Multiple genetic defects, such as mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, p16INK4A, and p21, loss of p27 expression, deletion of retinoblastoma, increased copy number of C‐MYC, and decreased expression of the A‐MYB gene, have been described. These abnormalities may cause CLL cells to proliferate and—by facilitating the acquisition of new genetic abnormalities—to transform into RS cells. Therapeutic strategies include intensive chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and stem cell transplantation. The response rates range from 5% to 43% (complete response, 5–38%), and the median survival duration ranges from 5 months to 8 months. In conclusion, RS may be triggered by viral infections or by genetic defects. Current treatments are aggressive, but prognosis is poor. Novel curative treatment strategies are needed. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.