Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity patterns of collared pratincoles Glareola pratincola in a breeding colony

espanolLa canastera comun Glareola pratincola es una especie limicola en retroceso; no obstante, se conoce poco sobre la mayor parte de los aspectos relativos a su biologia. En este estudio se pretende aportar informacion sobre los patrones de comportamiento basicos de la especie y se buscan diferencias entre sexos. Para ello se realizaron observaciones focales de las actividades mas comunes observadas en una colonia de reproduccion situada en el suroeste de Espana. Las canasteras no destinaron la misma cantidad de tiempo a todos los tipos de actividad, sino que dedicaron mas tiempo a la vigilancia que a alimentacion y desplazamiento, y mas tiempo al atuse del plumaje que a desplazamiento en el interior de la colonia. Los machos invirtieron mas tiempo a vigilar la presencia de depredadores que las hembras, y ambos sexos incrementaron el tiempo dedicado al descanso y redujeron el dedicado a la vigilancia a medida que avanzaba la epoca de reproduccion. Los efectos que el sexo y la estacionalidad tienen en el comportamiento de vigilancia sugieren que la competencia por las hembras y la temperatura ambiental podrian influir en el patron de actividad diaria de la canastera comun durante la reproduccion. EnglishThe collared pratincole Glareola pratincola is a declining wader species, but most aspects of its biology are poorly known. In this study, an attempt is made to characterize the basic behavioural repertoire of the species, searching for differences between sexes. Focal observations of the most common activities were obtained in a breeding colony in southwestern Spain. Pratincoles did not equally distribute their time among types of activity, but spent more time in alert behaviour than feeding and moving, and more time preening than moving in the colony site. Males devoted more time to vigilance for predators than females, and both sexes increased the time spent resting and decreased the time for vigilance as the breeding season progressed. These sex–related and seasonal effects on the vigilance behaviour suggest that competition for females and ambient temperature influence the daily activity pattern of collared pratincoles during breeding.
Free from Homelessness: Is "Housing First" the Solution? - A Comparison with the "Staircase Model". A Feasibility Study

Introduction: Homelessness is as large political question globally as it is in Sweden with a growing number of homeless. “Housing First” is a municipality based program aiming to offer stable and enduring housing to homeless people immediately. This model was imported to Sweden and was tried in Stockholm and Helsingborg, a provincial town in the southwest of Sweden. This prevailing study is to test the feasibility of making longitudinal studies on homeless individuals. Method: A longitudinal study using repeated measures of selfreports on questionnaires. Result: This study report results from baseline and a 24 month follow-up of the program compared to a treatment-as-usual control group. It was shown that although the former homeless in the Housing First group perceived an increased housing normality and empowerment there were no significant differences between groups across time. Conclusion: Although individuals living in a Housing First apartment tended to have a more normal way to live they seem to not improve psychologically. However some problems that is connected to longitudinal research on the homeless was detected. Since Housing First is a program consisting of housing and support the effect is dependent on both. The null result in this study was discussed as a consequence of foremost insufficient support in housing.
Valuation of Common Two-Factor Interest Rate Contingent Claims

Numerous two-factor interest rate models have been proposed that have attempted to overcome the limitations of one-factor interest rate models. These two-factor interest rate models lead to complex valuation equations for interest rate contingent claims. These valuation equations can be expressed in the form of partial differential equations that can only be solved numerically. Sorwar and Barone-Adesi (2002) have recently extended the Box Method to solve second order partial differential equations. They find that the Box Method outperforms the existing finite difference scheme. In this paper we use their approach to value interest rate contingent claims based on a wide range of two-factor interest rate models. Our approach is to treat the first factor as the short term interest rate and the second factor as the long term interest rate. In this paper we use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to estimate parameters based on two-factor, Vasicek, CIR and CKLS models. We find wide variation in parameter values across different models. We also find that these parameters have a major impact on contingent claim values. In particular we find a wide variation in contingent claim price across different models.
The nuclear envelope as a chromatin organizer

In the past 15 years our perception of nuclear envelope function has evolved perhaps nearly as much as the nuclear envelope itself evolved in the last 3 billion years. Historically viewed as little more than a diffusion barrier between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm, the nuclear envelope is now known to have roles in the cell cycle, cytoskeletal stability and cell migration, genome architecture, epigenetics, regulation of transcription, splicing, and DNA replication. Here we will review both what is known and what is speculated about the role of the nuclear envelope in genome organization, particularly with respect to the positioning and repositioning of genes and chromosomes within the nucleus during differentiation.
The EBV-Encoded Oncoprotein, LMP1, Induces an Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) via Its CTAR1 Domain through Integrin-Mediated ERK-MAPK Signalling

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) oncogene can induce profound effects on epithelial growth and differentiation including many of the features of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To better characterise these effects, we used the well-defined Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell model and found that LMP1 expression in these cells induces EMT as defined by characteristic morphological changes accompanied by loss of E-cadherin, desmosomal cadherin and tight junction protein expression. The induction of the EMT phenotype required a functional CTAR1 domain of LMP1 and studies using pharmacological inhibitors revealed contributions from signalling pathways commonly induced by integrin–ligand interactions: extracellular signal-regulated kinases/mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK-MAPK), PI3-Kinase and tyrosine kinases, but not transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). More detailed analysis implicated the CTAR1-mediated induction of Slug and Twist in LMP1-induced EMT. A key role for β1 integrin signalling in LMP1-mediated ERK-MAPK and focal adhesion kianse (FAK) phosphorylation was observed, and β1 integrin activation was found to enhance LMP1-induced cell viability and survival. These findings support an important role for LMP1 in disease pathogenesis through transcriptional reprogramming that enhances tumour cell survival and leads to a more invasive, metastatic phenotype.
Genetic analysis of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off Oregon and Washington reveals few Columbia River wild fi sh

Little is known about the ocean distributions of wild juvenile coho salmon off the Oregon-Washington coast. In this study we report tag recoveries and genetic mixed-stock estimates of juvenile fish caught in coastal waters near the Columbia River plume. To support the genetic estimates, we report an allozyme-frequency baseline for 89 wild and hatchery-reared coho salmon spawning populations, extending from northern California to southern British Columbia. The products of 59 allozyme-encoding loci were examined with starch-gel electrophoresis. Of these, 56 loci were polymorphic, and 29 loci had P0.95 levels of polymorphism. Average heterozygosities within populations ranged from 0.021 to 0.046 and averaged 0.033. Multidimensional scaling of chord genetic distances between samples resolved nine regional groups that were sufficiently distinct for genetic mixed-stock analysis. About 2.9% of the total gene diversity was due to differences among populations within these regions, and 2.6% was due to differences among the nine regions. This allele-frequency data base was used to estimate the stock proportions of 730 juvenile coho salmon in offshore samples collected from central Oregon to northern Washington in June and September-October 1998−2000. Genetic mixed-stock analysis, together with recoveries of tagged or fin-clipped fish, indicates that about one half of the juveniles came from Columbia River hatcheries. Only 22% of the ocean-caught juveniles were wild fish, originating largely from coastal Oregon and Washington rivers (about 20%). Unlike previous studies of tagged juveniles, both tag recoveries and genetic estimates indicate the presence of fish from British Columbia and Puget Sound in southern waters. The most salient feature of genetic mixed stock estimates was the paucity of wild juveniles from natural populations in the Columbia River Basin. This result reflects the large decrease in the abundances of these populations in the last few decades.
Topic : Autoimmune neurological diseases associated with autoantibodies specific for synaptic antigens

Giorgia Olivieri, Ilaria Contaldo, Gloria Ferrantini, Elisa Musto, Roberta Scalise, Maria Chiara Stefanini, Domenica Battaglia, Eugenio Mercuri Department of Paediatric Neurology and Psychiatry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy. Neuronal surface antibody syndromes (NSAS) encompass a variety of disorders associated with “neuronal surface antibodies”. These share clinical and neuroradiological features that pose challenges related to their recognition and treatment. Recent epidemiological studies show a clear predominance for the glutamate-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in both adults and pediatric population. Despite this, the overall NSAS’s incidence remains underestimated, and diagnosis persists to be not always easy to achieve. Based on current literature data, in this paper the authors propose a diagnostic pathway to approach and treat pediatric NSAS. An autoimmune etiology can be suggested through the integration of clinical, immunological, electrophysiological and neuroradiological data. On that basis, a target treatment can be started, consisting of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange as a first-line immunotherapy, followed by second-line drugs including rituximab, cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mophetil, if the case. In children a prompt diagnosis and a targeted treatment may lead to a better clinical outcome. Nevertheless further studies are required to assess the need of more tailored treatments according to longterm outcome findings and prognostic factors in different NSAS.
Multibody Mass Matrix Sensitivity Analysis Using Spatial Operators

This paper discusses an approach for sensitivity analysis of multibody dynamics using spatial operators. The spatial operators are rooted in the function space approach to estimation theory developed in the decades that followed the introduction of the Kalman filter and used extensively by authors to develop a range of results in multibody dynamics. The operators provide a mathematical framework for studying a wide range of analytical and computational problems associated with multi-body system dynamics. This paper focuses on the computation of the sensitivity of the system mass matrix for tree-topology multibody systems and develops an analytical expression for the same using spatial operators. As an application example, the mass matrix sensitivity is used to derive analytical expressions based on composite body inertias for the Christoffel symbols associated with the equations of motion.
species than climate warming Increased temperature variation poses a greater risk to

Supplementary data tml http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/suppl/2014/01/27/rspb.2013. 2612.DC1. h "Data Supplement" References http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/281/1779/20132612.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 48 articles, 14 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (1545 articles) ecology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Relevance of microstructure and poling state of piezoelectric poly ( vinylidene fluoride ) for active tissue engineering strategies

Tissue engineering strategies rely on suitable membranes and scaffolds, providing the necessary physicochemical stimuli to specific cells. This review summarizes the main results on piezoelectric polymers, in particular poly(vinylidene fluoride), for muscle and bone cell culture. Further, the relevance of polymer microstructure and surface charge on cell response is demonstrated. Together with the necessary biochemical cues, the proper design of piezoelectric polymers can open the way to novel and more reliable tissue engineering strategies for cells in which electromechanical stimuli are present in their environment.
INFLUENZA Role for migratory wild birds in the global spread of avian influenza H 5 N 8

breakage, T after the second C–C cleavage, and the final product of repaired base T. The various dissections are shown in Fig. 3, D, F, and H, and fig. S4. Thus, we obtained the ultrafast electron hopping of FET3 in 6, 11, and 15 ps and the electron return after repair in 437, 2890, and 819 ps for AnPL, DmPL, and AtPL, respectively. Knowing the total QYs (Fig. 1C), we can also derive the second C–C cleavage in 87, 48, and 36 ps and the futile back electron transfer BET2 in 1138, 149, and 527 ps, respectively, for three PLs (table S1). To recapitulate, we have identified 10 elementary steps in the repair reaction by DNA photolyase, including 7 ET steps, and measured their time scales in real time (table S1). Consequently, we can calculate the QY of each step that contributes to the total QY (table S2). In Fig. 4, A and B, we show the two resolved photocycles for class I AnPL and class II AtPL, respectively, with the corresponding reaction times of each step. For class I PL (Fig. 4A), the two systems we studied, AnPL and EcPL, show a dominant tunneling pathway with the highest QYs (table S2). For class II PL (Fig. 4B), the two systems studied here, DmPL and AtPL, adopt mainly a two-step hopping route, also with good repair efficiency. For other PLs [class III CcPL and ssDNA-specific AtPL (AtCRY3)], both tunneling and hopping channels are operative (table S1). These detailed dynamics and time scales for seven ET reactions involved in repair can be used to derive microscopic pictures of various reorganization energies; their relevant reduction potentials; and, thus, reaction driving forces (table S3) (21, 24, 25). We did not observe clear evidence for the possible flickering resonance for the initial electron bifurcation, as proposed recently in a theoretical study (26). Figure 4C shows the repair QYs along the evolutionary path from the microbial class I to the eukaryotic class II PLs, with initial electron bifurcation into the tunneling route FET2 and the hopping path FET1 and their resulting QYs (QY2 and QY1). Clearly, the tunneling route in class I leads to a higher repair QY. With the decrease in the rates of tunneling, the hopping channel comes to dominate in class II PLs. Consequently, class II PLs can never reach the class I repair QY because the electron path at Ade also bifurcates into the repair channel to the CPD and the futile path back to the original ground state, both of which share similar hopping rates. The conserved active-site configuration and the folded flavin structure that occur as a result of evolution in the entire photolyasecryptochrome superfamily (11–15, 27–30) are essential to ensure a unified electron-transfer mechanism through electron path bifurcation into two operative routes for all CPD photolyases.
Evolution of the Multivesicular Body ESCRT Machinery; Retention Across the Eukaryotic Lineage

Lysosomal targeting of ubiquitylated endocytic cargo is mediated in part by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complexes, a system conserved between animals and fungi (Opisthokonta). Extensive comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that ESCRT factors are well conserved across the eukaryotic lineage and complexes I, II, III and III‐associated are almost completely retained, indicating an early evolutionary origin. The conspicuous exception is ESCRT 0, which functions in recognition of ubiquitylated cargo, and is restricted to the Opisthokonta, suggesting that a distinct mechanism likely operates in the vast majority of eukaryotic organisms. Additional analysis suggests that ESCRT III and ESCRT III‐associated components evolved through a concerted model. Functional conservation of the ESCRT system is confirmed by direct study in trypanosomes. Despite extreme sequence divergence, epitope‐tagged ESCRT factors TbVps23 and TbVps28 localize to the endosomal pathway, placing the trypanosome multivesicular body (MVB) in juxtaposition to the early endosome and lysosome. Knockdown of TbVps23 partially prevents degradation of an ubiquitylated endocytosed transmembrane domain protein. Therefore, despite the absence of an ESCRT 0 complex, the trypanosome ESCRT/MVB system functions similarly to that of opisthokonts. Thus the ESCRT system is an ancient and well‐conserved feature of eukaryotic cells but with key differences between diverse lineages.
Equation of State of a Magnetized Dense Neutron System

We discuss how a magnetic field can affect the equation of state of a many-particle neutron system. We show that, due to the anisotropy in the pressures, the pressure transverse to the magnetic field direction increases with the magnetic field, while the one along the field direction decreases. We also show that in this medium there exists a significant negative field-dependent contribution associated with the vacuum pressure. This negative pressure demands a neutron density sufficiently high (corresponding to a baryonic chemical potential of μ = 2.25 GeV) to produce the necessary positive matter pressure that can compensate for the gravitational pull. The decrease of the parallel pressure with the field limits the maximum magnetic field to a value of the order of 10 18 G, where the pressure decays to zero. We show that the combination of all these effects produces an insignificant variation of the system equation of state. We also found that this neutron system exhibits paramagnetic behavior expressed by the Curie’s law in the high-temperature regime. The reported results may be of interest for the astrophysics of compact objects such as magnetars, which are endowed with substantial magnetic fields.
Cannabis as a Substitute for Opioid-Based Pain Medication: Patient Self-Report

Abstract Introduction: Prescription drug overdoses are the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. Alternatives to opioids for the treatment of pain are necessary to address this issue. Cannabis can be an effective treatment for pain, greatly reduces the chance of dependence, and eliminates the risk of fatal overdose compared to opioid-based medications. Medical cannabis patients report that cannabis is just as effective, if not more, than opioid-based medications for pain. Materials and Methods: The current study examined the use of cannabis as a substitute for opioid-based pain medication by collecting survey data from 2897 medical cannabis patients. Discussion: Thirty-four percent of the sample reported using opioid-based pain medication in the past 6 months. Respondents overwhelmingly reported that cannabis provided relief on par with their other medications, but without the unwanted side effects. Ninety-seven percent of the sample “strongly agreed/agreed” that they are able to decrease the amount of opiates they consume when they also use cannabis, and 81% “strongly agreed/agreed” that taking cannabis by itself was more effective at treating their condition than taking cannabis with opioids. Results were similar for those using cannabis with nonopioid-based pain medications. Conclusion: Future research should track clinical outcomes where cannabis is offered as a viable substitute for pain treatment and examine the outcomes of using cannabis as a medication assisted treatment for opioid dependence.
Latent profiles of elite Malaysian athletes’ use of psychological skills and techniques and relations with mental toughness

Background The majority of past work on athletes’ use of psychological skills and techniques (PSTs) has adopted a variable-centered approach in which the statistical relations among study variables are averaged across a sample. However, variable-centered-analyses exclude the possibility that PSTs may be used in tandem or combined in different ways across practice and competition settings. With this empirical gap in mind, the purposes of this study were to identify the number and type of profiles of elite athletes’ use of PSTs, and examine differences between these clusters in terms of their self-reported mental toughness. Methods In this cross-sectional survey study, 285 Malaysian elite athletes (170 males, 115 females) aged 15–44 years (M = 18.89, SD = 4.49) completed measures of various PSTs and mental toughness. Latent profile analysis was employed to determine the type and number of profiles that best represent athletes’ reports of their use of PSTs in practice and competition settings, and examine differences between these classes in terms of self-reported mental toughness. Results Our results revealed three profiles (low, moderate, high use) in both practice and competition settings that were distinguished primarily according to quantitative differences in the absolute levels of reported use across most of the PSTs assessed in practice and competition settings, which in turn, were differentially related with mental toughness. Specifically, higher use of PSTs was associated with higher levels of mental toughness. Conclusion This study provides one of the first analyses of the different configurations of athletes’ use of PSTs that typify unique subgroups of performers. An important next step is to examine the longitudinal (in) stability of such classes and therefore provide insight into the temporal dynamics of different configurations of athletes’ use of PSTs.