Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Additional Material

Amino acid substitutions in the E2 glycoprotein of Sindbis-like virus XJ-160 confer the ability to undergo heparan sulfate-dependent infection of mouse embryonic fibroblasts Abstract We have recently demonstrated an essential role of the domain of 145-150 amino acid in the E2 glycoprotein of Sindbis virus in the interaction with cellular heparan sulfate (HS) and in the infection of mouse embryonic fibro-blasts (MEF) cells. In this study, we constructed and characterized the mutants of Sindbis-like virus XJ-160 in which Tyr-146 and/or Asn-149 in the E2 glycoprotein had been substituted with His and Arg, respectively. Unlike parental virus XJ-160, mutants with either or both substitutions were able to infect wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF-wt) or MEF-Epi-/-cells which produce mutant HS. Significantly more infectious particles were released from MEF-wt than from MEF-Epi-/-cells. The mutant virus with both substitutions release was inhibited by pre-incubation of virus with heparin or pre-treatment of BHK-21 cells with HS-degrading enzyme. Both XJ-160 and the mutant viruses retained substantial neurovirulence in suckling mice. Our findings provide further support to the importance of positively charged residues in the HS-binding site of E2 in mediating Sindbis virus infection of MEF cells. Findings Sindbis virus (SINV) is considered the prototype of Alpha-virus genus, Togaviridae family [1,2]. Nearly 30 members of the genus are widely distributed in all continents except in the Antarctic. Sindbis virus is an enveloped virus with an 11.5 kb genome of single stranded RNA. The viral genome with a 5' terminal methylguanylate cap and a 3' terminal polyadenylate tail encodes four nonstructural proteins (nsP1-4) and three mature structural proteins (capsid, E2 and E1). Based on the divergence of nucleotide sequencing and biological characteristics, Sindbis virus can be divided into two groups, SINV and Sindbis-like virus (SINLV) [3]. SINV YN87448 and SINLV XJ-160 were isolated from a pool of Anopheles mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang and from a female patient with fever in Yunnan, China [4,5]. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a complex polysaccharide expressed in the form of proteoglycans on the surfaces of a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate cells. Recently, HS has been found to be involved in the infection and pathogenicity of SINV [6,7] and other alpha-viruses, such as Venezuelan encephalitis virus (VEEV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and Ross River virus (RRV) [8,9]. These investigations indicate that HS-dependent infection is an adaptation through the mutation for positively charged amino acid (aa), which frequently arise in laboratory strains during …
Optoelectronic Evolution in Halogen-Doped Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskites: A First-Principles Analysis

Cl, Br, and I are elements in the halogen family, and are often used as dopants in semiconductors. When employed as dopants, these halogens can significantly modify the optoelectronic properties of materials. From the perspective of halogen doping, we have successfully achieved the stabilization of crystal structures in CH3NH3PbX3, CH3NH3PbI3−xClx, CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx, and CH3NH3PbBr3−xClx, which are organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites. Utilizing first-principles density functional theory calculations with the CASTEP module, we investigated the optoelectronic properties of these structures by simulations. According to the calculations, a smaller difference in electronegativity between different halogens in doped structures can result in smoother energy bands, especially in CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx and CH3NH3PbBr3−xClx. The PDOS of the Cl-3p orbitals undergoes a shift along the energy axis as a result of variances in electronegativity levels. The optoelectronic performance, carrier mobility, and structural stability of the CH3NH3PbBr3−xClx system are superior to other systems like CH3NH3PbX3. Among many materials considered, CH3NH3PbBr2Cl exhibits higher carrier mobility and a relatively narrower bandgap, making it a more suitable material for the absorption layer in solar cells. This study provides valuable insights into the methodology employed for the selection of specific types, quantities, and positions of halogens for further research on halogen doping.
Emotional and spiritual quotient for sustainable education’s service quality

A sustainable ecosystem of universities needs to show outstanding performance in the areas of employability, institutional social responsibility, and creative and performing arts. Thus, this study determined the influential role of emotional quotient (EQ) and spiritual quotient (SQ) on the lecturers’ excellence service quality (ESQ), which eventually led to effective classroom teaching. The data of 127 respondents were analyzed using the structural equation model with partial least square. The results confirmed that both types of quotients positively influence the lecturers’ teaching progression at the university. EQ and SQ have the encouraging power to motivate the academicians for the best service to the university through a quality learning experience. It can be concise that institutions that practice EQ and SQ values can perform better and blend a harmonious working spirit and tandem with the university’s growth. Support for sustainable development goal (SDG-4) via EQ and SQ is now required in humanizing education to ensure academicians’ competency and well-being, particularly in the aftermath of the Corona Virus Disease-19 disruption. Policymakers in the university should now capitalize the intelligence through professional initiatives. This study could have been better with a bigger sample size, but the investigation had limited access due to the university's policy on privacy.
Testosterone replacement therapy and vascular thromboembolic events: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To evaluate the relationship between testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and arterial and/or venous thrombosis in patients with pre-treatment total testosterone (TT) <12 nmol l−1, we performed a meta-analysis following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome model. Population: men with TT <12 nmol l−1 or clear mention of hypogonadism in the inclusion criteria of patients; intervention: TRT; comparison: placebo or no therapy; outcomes: arterial thrombotic events (stroke, myocardial infarction [MI], upper limbs, and lower limbs), VTE (deep vein thrombosis [DVT], portal vein thrombosis, splenic thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), and mortality. A total of 2423 abstracts were assessed for eligibility. Twenty-four studies, including 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were finally included, with a total of 4027 and 310 288 hypotestosteronemic male patients, from RCTs and from observational studies, respectively. Based on RCT-derived data, TRT did not influence the risk of arterial thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–3.43, P = 0.64), stroke (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.09–18.97, P = 0.83), MI (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.11–2.31, P = 0.39), VTE (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.22–9.03, P = 0.71), pulmonary embolism (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.27–7.04, P = 0.70), and mortality (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.20–2.38, P = 0.56). Meanwhile, when only observational studies are considered, a significant reduction in the risk of developing arterial thrombotic events, MI, venous thromboembolism, and mortality was observed. The risk for DVT remains uncertain, due to the paucity of RCT-based data. TRT in men with TT <12 nmol l−1 is safe from the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Further studies specifically assessing the risk of DVT in men on TRT are needed.
Infrared Image Segmentation Method Based on DeepLabV3+ for Identifying Key Components of Power Transmission Line

—To improve the work eﬃciency of on-site inspection personnel in diagnosing faults of power transmission lines, in this paper we propose an infrared image segmentation method based on DeepLabV3+ for identifying key components of transmission line. We collected 556 infrared images of transmission lines in our own power supply system, and expanded the original data by data augmentation method. Based on the comparison of the DeepLabV3+ model with three diﬀerent backbone networks, MobileNetV2 with the best performance is selected as the main backbone network. Compared with FCN, U-Net, and SegNet, the test results show that DeepLabV3+ using MobileNetV2 (compared with ResNet50 and Xception) can segment the ﬁve types of key components in power transmission lines from infrared images more accurately and faster. The MIoU on the test set is 0.8624, which is better than the performance of FCN, U-Net, and SegNet. This lays a foundation for improving the work eﬃciency of on-site inspection personnel and improving the continuous power supply capacity, stability, and safe operation level of the power grid.
Secure communication in cognitive wireless systems for UAV based on NOMA

Due to the scarce frequency spectrum in wireless communication systems, a Cognitive Radio-Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (CR-NOMA) network is proposed in this paper. Without affecting the primary user system and considering the existence of eavesdroppers, we research the secure transmission rate from the second system. Among them, we use Unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) serves as a mobile relay and a jammer. Based on the joint optimization of UAV flight path and transmission power, a power distribution factor is proposed to allocate the transmission power of UAV. Since the problem we proposed is non-convex, it is difficult to obtain the optimal solution. In order to solve this problem, we transform it into convex constraints by constructing a function, and use an iterative algorithm of successive convex approximation to solve it. The simulation results indicate that this scheme can obtain a local optimal solution and effectively improve the security performance of the system.
Simulating Synaptic Behaviors through Frequency Modulation in a Capacitor–Memristor Circuit

Memristors, known for their adjustable and non-volatile resistance, offer a promising avenue for emulating synapses. However, achieving pulse frequency-dependent synaptic plasticity in memristors or memristive systems necessitates further exploration. In this study, we present a novel approach to modulate the conductance of a memristor in a capacitor–memristor circuit by finely tuning the frequency of input pulses. Our experimental results demonstrate that these phenomena align with the long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP) observed in synapses, which are induced by the frequency of action potentials. Additionally, we successfully implement a Hebbian-like learning mechanism in a simple circuit that connects a pair of memristors to a capacitor, resulting in observed associative memory formation and forgetting processes. Our findings highlight the potential of capacitor–memristor circuits in faithfully replicating the frequency-dependent behavior of synapses, thereby offering a valuable contribution to the development of brain-inspired neural networks.
Datum conversion issues with LIDAR spot elevation data

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR] elevation data are generally referenced to the World Geodetic System of 1984 datum. To utilize these data in a local or regional setting, it is often necessary to convert the elevation data to a traditional vertical datum such as the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. This datum conversion is done utilizing a local geoid model developed through a detailed GPS survey covering the area of interest or a model developed by the National Geodetic Survey Three techniques are described here for identifying systematic errors that may be introduced into LIDAR elevation data during this conversion process.
Holocene vegetation dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean region: Old controversies addressed by a new analysis

We reconstruct vegetation changes since 12 ky in the Eastern Mediterranean to examine four features of the regional vegetation history that are controversial: the extent of non‐analogue vegetation assemblages in the transition from the Late Glacial to the early Holocene, the synchroneity of postglacial forest expansion, the geographical extent of temperate deciduous forest during the mid‐Holocene and the timing and trigger for the re‐establishment of drought‐tolerant vegetation during the late Holocene.
Evaluation of Stated Preference Surveys with Statistical Methods

In this paper, the author investigated the stated preference survey in transport modelling. The research was conducted to ensure that the best fractional orthogonal design of stated preference paired comparison survey would not increase the error or uncertainty in transport-related decision modelling. The research was conducted based on artificial Monte Carlo simulated respondents, and the results were assessed with standard mathematical-statistical tools. Although the assessment should have resulted in 0% errors, according to our 2,000 sample, a minor 5% of errors occurred. The problem to be investigated in this paper is that the best-designed survey could have some errors.
Validation of UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Determining Steviol Glycoside and Its Derivatives in Foods and Beverages

The aim of this study was to validate a method for determining nine types of steviol glycoside and its derivatives in food and beverage products, using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC ESI MS/MS). The performance characteristics of the analysis method were determined along with their suitability for the intended use. Coefficient of determination (R2) calibration curves from 0.2 to 1.0 mg L−1 were in the ranges of 0.9911–0.9990, 0.9939–1.0000 and 0.9973–0.9999 for a beverage, yogurt and snack, respectively. Intra-day precisions in terms of percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) of concentration, at 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L−1, for the beverage, yogurt and snack were lower than 15% (1.1–9.3%). At all concentrations, percentage recoveries were in the accepted range of 70–120%. For the matrix effect study, matrix-matched calibration was used for all compounds, obtaining a linear concentration range from 0.2 mg L−1 to 1.0 mg L−1. Almost all matrix-matched results presented as percentage recoveries were within the accepted range of 80–120%. The limit of detection (LOD) for steviol glycosides ranged from 0.003 to 0.078 μg g−1, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.011 to 0.261 μg g−1. These results indicate that the modified test method can be applied to determine the presence of steviol glycoside and its derivatives in a wide range of sample matrices.
Unbiased Learning to Rank: Counterfactual and Online Approaches

This tutorial covers and contrasts the two main methodologies in unbiased Learning to Rank (LTR): Counterfactual LTR and Online LTR. There has long been an interest in LTR from user interactions, however, this form of implicit feedback is very biased. In recent years, unbiased LTR methods have been introduced to remove the effect of different types of bias caused by user-behavior in search. For instance, a well addressed type of bias is position bias: the rank at which a document is displayed heavily affects the interactions it receives. Counterfactual LTR methods deal with such types of bias by learning from historical interactions while correcting for the effect of the explicitly modelled biases. Online LTR does not use an explicit user model, in contrast, it learns through an interactive process where randomized results are displayed to the user. Through randomization the effect of different types of bias can be removed from the learning process. Though both methodologies lead to unbiased LTR, their approaches differ considerably, furthermore, so do their theoretical guarantees, empirical results, effects on the user experience during learning, and applicability. Consequently, for practitioners the choice between the two is very substantial. By providing an overview of both approaches and contrasting them, we aim to provide an essential guide to unbiased LTR so as to aid in understanding and choosing between methodologies.
Thomson–Einstein’s Tea Leaf Paradox Revisited: Aggregation in Rings

A distinct particle focusing spot occurs in the center of a rotating fluid, presenting an apparent paradox given the presence of particle inertia. It is recognized, however, that the presence of a secondary flow with a radial component drives this particle aggregation. In this study, we expand on the examination of this “Thomson–Einstein’s tea leaf paradox” phenomenon, where we use a combined experimental and computational approach to investigate particle aggregation dynamics. We show that not only the rotational velocity, but also the vessel shape, have a significant influence on a particle’s equilibrium position. We accordingly demonstrate the formation of a single focusing spot in a vessel center, as has been conclusively demonstrated elsewhere, but also the repeatable formation of stable ring-shaped particle arrangements.
Exploring the moderating role of parental income on the link between parental financial communication and financial literacy of young adults

The moderating effect of parental income on parental financial communication and financial literacy is increasingly becoming important. The objective of this study was to determine whether the relationship between parental financial communication of young adults and their financial literacy is moderated by parental income. Financial literacy was measured through financial knowledge, financial behaviour, financial attitudes, and financial decision-making. Quantitative research approach was adopted for this study. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data among young adults in South Africa. Moderated regression analysis was used to analyse data. Four hypotheses were tested. The results showed that parental income moderated the relationship between parental financial communication with financial knowledge, financial behaviour, financial attitude, and financial decision-making. Therefore, the overall results indicated that the relationship between parental financial communication and financial literacy is moderated by parental income. This study is amongst the first to investigate whether the relationship between parental financial communication and financial literacy is moderated by parental income. This study concluded by providing recommendations and suggestions for future research.
Hexagon Mosaic Maps for Display of Univariate and Bivariate Geographical Data

This paper presents concepts that motivate the use of hexagon mosaic maps and hexagon-based ray-glyph maps. The phrase "hexagon mosaic map" refers to maps that use hexagons to tessellate major areas of a map, such as land masses. Hexagon mosaic maps are similar to color-contour (isarithm) maps and show broad regional patterns. The ray glyph, an oriented line segment with a dot at the base, provides a convenient symbol for representing information within a hexagon cell. Ray angle encodes the local estimate for the hexagon. A simple extension adds upper- and lower-confidence bounds as a shaded arc bounded by two rays. Another extension, the bivariate ray glyph, provides a continuous representation for showing the local correlation of two variables. The theme of integrating statistical analysis and cartographic methods appears throughout this paper. Example maps show statistical summaries of acidic deposition data for the eastern United States. These maps provide useful templates for a wide range of statisti.
Comparative genomics profiling revealed multi-stress responsive roles of the CC-NBS-LRR genes in three mango cultivars

The nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS–LRR) gene family is the largest group of disease resistance (R) genes in plants and is active in response to viruses, bacteria, and fungi usually involved in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pangenome-wide studies allow researchers to analyze the genetic diversity of multiple species or their members simultaneously, providing a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary relationships and diversity present among them. The draft pan-genome of three Mangifera indica cultivars (Alphonso, Hong Xiang Ya, and Tommy atkins) was constructed and Presence/absence variants (PAVs) were filtered through the ppsPCP pipeline. As a result, 2823 genes and 5907 PAVs from H. Xiang Ya, and 1266 genes and 2098 PAVs from T. atkins were added to the reference genome. For the identification of CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) genes in these mango cultivars, this draft pan-genome study has successfully identified 47, 27, and 36 members in Alphonso, H. Xiang Ya, and T. atkins respectively. The phylogenetic analysis divided MiCNL proteins into four distinct subgroups. All MiCNL genes are unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Both tandem and segmental duplication events played a significant role in the expansion of the CNL gene family. These genes contain cis-elements related to light, stress, hormone, and development. The analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) revealed that MiCNL proteins interacted with other defense-responsive proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that MiCNL genes play a role in defense mechanisms within the organism. The expression level of the identified genes in fruit peel was observed under disease and cold stress which showed that Mi_A_CNL13 and 14 were up-regulated while Mi_A_CNL15, 25, 30, 31, and 40 were down-regulated in disease stress. On the other hand, Mi_A_CNL2, 14, 41, and 45 were up-regulated and Mi_A_CNL47 is down-regulated in cold stress. Subsequently, the Random Forest (RF) classifier was used to assess the multi-stress response of MiCNLs. It was found that Mi_A_CNL14 is a gene that responds to multiple stress conditions. The CNLs have similar protein structures which show that they are involved in the same function. The above findings provide a foundation for a deeper understanding of the functional characteristics of the mango CNL gene family.
Performance Improvement of Poem Genre Classification using a Combination of SMOTE and Support Vector Machine

Text classification aims to be able to classify documents into the correct class. In this study, the use of SVM to perform text classification. The existence of this research is to find out how good the performance produced by SVM is in classifying text. A total of 841 poetry data were categorized into 4 genres namely affection, death, environment, and music. The data is cleaned at the text preprocessing stage with the stages of case folding (lowercase, remove punctuation and whitespace), tokenization, stopword removal, and lemmatizing. Feature extraction using Bag of Word (BoW) produces 6860 features. Features resulting from BoW will be weighted using TF - IDF. Data separation is carried out with a separation ratio of 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40. There is data imbalance, so it needs to be balanced. In this research, data balancing is done using SMOTE. Data separation is done for original data, balancing result data, and balancing result data with PCA. The highest accuracy result of train data is obtained by balancing data with a 60:40 separation of 97%. While the highest test data accuracy result is obtained by balancing data with an 80:20 separation of 87%. Thus the highest accuracy of each train data and test data is obtained by balancing data.