Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moduli of equivariant sheaves and Kronecker–McKay modules

We extend Alvarez-Consul and King description of moduli of sheaves over projective schemes to moduli of equivariant sheaves over projective Gamma-schemes, for a finite group Gamma. We introduce the notion of Kronecker-McKay modules and construct the moduli of equivariant sheaves using a natural functor from the category of equivariant sheaves to the category of Kronecker-McKay modules. Following Alvarez-Consul and King, we also study theta functions and homogeneous co-ordinates of moduli of equivariant sheaves.
A simple mesh deformation technique for fluid–structure interaction based on a submesh approach

This paper describes an improvement in techniques currently used for mesh deformations in fluid–structure calculations in which large body motions are encountered. The proposed approach moving submesh approach (MSA) is based on the assumption of a pseudo‐material deformation applied on a triangular coarse mesh to significantly reduce the CPU time. The computation mesh is then updated using an interpolation technique similar to the finite element method. This method may be applied on structured as well as on unstructured meshes. An extension to complex boundaries undergoing large rigid‐body motions is proposed combining the MSA and an encapsulation box. The influence of the coarse mesh on the quality mesh is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review on Manufacturing Processes of Biocomposites Based on Poly(α-Esters) and Bioactive Glass Fillers for Bone Regeneration

The incorporation of bioactive and biocompatible fillers improve the bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, thus facilitating new bone tissue formation upon implantation. During these last 20 years, those biocomposites have been explored for making complex geometry devices likes screws or 3D porous scaffolds for the repair of bone defects. This review provides an overview of the current development of manufacturing process with synthetic biodegradable poly(α-ester)s reinforced with bioactive fillers for bone tissue engineering applications. Firstly, the properties of poly(α-ester), bioactive fillers, as well as their composites will be defined. Then, the different works based on these biocomposites will be classified according to their manufacturing process. New processing techniques, particularly additive manufacturing processes, open up a new range of possibilities. These techniques have shown the possibility to customize bone implants for each patient and even create scaffolds with a complex structure similar to bone. At the end of this manuscript, a contextualization exercise will be performed to identify the main issues of process/resorbable biocomposites combination identified in the literature and especially for resorbable load-bearing applications.
An Improved YOLOv5 Model for Detecting Laser Welding Defects of Lithium Battery Pole

Focus on the requirement for detecting laser welding defects of lithium battery pole, a new model based on the improved YOLOv5 algorithm was proposed in this paper. First, all the 3 × 3 convolutional kernels in the backbone network were replaced by 6 × 6 convolutional kernels to improve the model’s detection capability of a small defect; second, the last layer of the backbone network was replaced by our designed SPPSE module to enhance the detection accuracy of the model; then the improved RepVGG module was introduced in the head network, which can help to improve the inference speed of the model and enhance the feature extraction capability of the network; finally, SIOU was used as the bounding box regression loss function to improve the accuracy and training speed of the model. The experimental results show that our improved YOLOv5 model achieved 97% mAP and 270 fps on our dataset. Compared with conventional methods, ours had the best results. The ablation experiments were conducted on the publicly available datasets PASCAL VOC and MS COCO, and their mAP@0.5 was improved by 2.4% and 3%, respectively. Additionally, our model improved the average detection rate for small targets on the MS COCO dataset by 2.4%, showing that it can effectively detect small target defects.
Selection Maintains the Phenotypic Divergence of Cave and Surface Fish

Genetic divergence in the presence of gene flow has been well documented, but there is little information on the specific factors maintaining divergence. The present study investigates this in the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus), an excellent model for studying this question because surface and cave populations differ markedly in phenotype and genotype but are interfertile. Previous population studies documented significant gene flow among cave and surface populations, but they focused on analyses of neutral markers whose evolutionary dynamics likely differ from those of genes involved in cave adaptation. The present study advances our understanding of this question by focusing specifically on the genetics responsible for eye and pigmentation reduction, signature traits of cave populations. Direct observations of two cave populations over the course of 63 years verify that surface fish frequently move into the caves and even hybridize with the cave fish. Importantly, however, historical records show that surface alleles for pigmentation and eye size do not persist but are rapidly eliminated from the cave gene pool. It has been argued that regression of eyes and pigmentation was driven by drift, but the results of this study suggest that strong selection actively eliminates surface alleles from the cave populations.
A correlative study of ssc's, interplanetary shocks, and solar activity

We have examined 93 ssc's during the 4-year period from 1968 to 1971 at and near the peak of the solar activity cycle. Of the 93 ssc's, 81 could be associated with solar activity such as solar flares and type 2 and type 4 radio bursts. The mean propagation speeds of these flare-associated events ranged from 400 to 1000 km/s, the average speed being 600–700 km/s. Disturbances associated with 48 of the ssc's have been studied in detail by using the corresponding interplanetary (IP) magnetic field and plasma data when they were available. We found that 41 of the 48 disturbances corresponded to IP shock waves, and the remaining 7 events were tangential discontinuities. Thirty percent of the IP shocks had thick structure (i.e., the magnetic field jump across the shock occurred over a distance much greater than 50 proton Larmor radii). Also given is a statistical study of the gross geometry of a ‘typical’ or average shock surface based on multiple spacecraft sightings and their relative orientation with respect to the solar flare and/or solar activity. By considering the orientations of 22 well-determined shock normals in relation to the positions of the parent flares on the solar disk, a method that is a modification of one given by Taylor (1969), it is suggested that a typical shock front propagating out from the sun at 1 AU has a radius of curvature of the order of 1 AU. Also given are some general properties of oblique IP. flare shocks.
Foundations for statistical-physical precipitation retrieval from passive microwave satellite measurements. II: Emission-source and generalized weighting-function properties of a time-dependent cloud-radiation model

Abstract We present the second part of a study on the development of a framework for precipitation retrieval from space-based passive microwave measurements using a three-dimensional time-dependent cloud model to establish the microphysical setting. We first develop the theory needed to interpret the vertically distributed radiative sources and the emission-absorption-scattering processes responsible for the behavior of frequency-dependent top-of-atmosphere brightness temperatures TB's. This involves two distinct types of vertical weighting functions for the TB's: an emission-source weighing function describing the origin of emitted radiation that eventually reaches a satellite radiometer, and a generalized weighting function describing emitted-scattered radiation undergoing no further interactions prior to interception by the radiometer. The weighting-function framework is used for an analysis of land-based precipitation processes within a hail-storm simulation originally described in Part I. The individ.
Exergy landscapes: exploration of second-law thinking towards sustainable landscape design

Depletion of fossil fuels and climate change necessitate a transition to sustainable energy systems that make efficient use of renewable energy sources. Recently, the disciplines of building engineering, architecture and urban planning have begun embracing 'second-law thinking' to reduce energy consumption in the built environment. Second-law thinking, however, is not yet a part of spatial planning and landscape design. This is especially problematic because the concepts of exergy and entropy are imperative to sustainable development. This paper explores the Laws of Thermodynamics and related concepts to advance the planning and design of sustainable landscapes. We propose a number of exergy-conscious design principles, each one supporting sustainable energy transition.
Spectroscopic investigations of classical Cepheids and main-sequence stars in galactic open clusters and associations - I. Association Cas OB2 and the small-amplitude Cepheid SU Cassiopeae

The small-amplitude Cepheid SU Cas and four members of the association Cas OB2 (HD 16893, HD 17327a and b, HD 17443) were investigated, using high-resolution CCD spectra. The following results were obtained: 1) All these objects have the same metallicity values, close to that of the Sun; 2) Elemental abundance indicates that SU Cas is a post first dredge-up star with an age from 1 10 to 1.45 10 yr, and it is not crossing the Cepheid instability strip for the first time. The mean value of log g = 2.35 corresponds to pulsations in the fundamental tone, although errors in gravity estimations provide overtone pulsations. The questions about its pulsational mode and membership in Cas OB2 remained open; 3) HD 17327a is a slowly rotating HgMn–star with the highest helium content among such objects, while HD 16893 also has a manganese overabundance and might be classified as an Am–star; 4) HD 17327b and HD 17443 are rapidly rotating main-sequence stars, while HD 17443 has a helium content comparable with that of the Sun.
Antileishmanial Activity and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Malachra alceifolia Jacq. Fractions against Leishmania mexicana Amastigotes

Malachra alceifolia Jacq. (family Malvaceae), known as “malva,” is a medicinal plant used as a traditional therapy in many regions of America, Africa and Asia. Traditionally, this plant is used in the form of extracts, powder and paste by populations for treating fever, stomachache, inflammation, and parasites. However, the ethnopharmacological validation of M. alceifolia has been scarcely researched. This study showed that the chloroform fraction (MA-IC) and subfraction (MA-24F) of the leaves of M. alceifolia exhibited a potential antileishmanial activity against axenic amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana pifanoi (MHOM/VE/60/Ltrod) and had high and moderate cytotoxic effects on the viability and morphology of macrophages RAW 264.7. This study reports, for the first time, possible terpenoid metabolites and derivatives present in M. alceifolia with activity against some biosynthetic pathways in L. mexicana amastigotes. The compounds from the subfractions MA-24F were highly active and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by a molecular docking study in L. mexicana target protein. This study demonstrates the potential modes of interaction and the theoretical affinity energy of the metabolites episwertenol, α-amyrin and methyl commate A, which are present in the active fraction MA-24F, at allosteric sites of the pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, phosphoglucose isomerase, transketolase, arginase and cysteine peptidases A, target proteins in some vital biosynthetic pathways were responsible for the survival of L. mexicana. Some phytoconstituents of M. alceifolia can be used for the search for potential new drugs and molecular targets for treating leishmaniases and infectious diseases. Furthermore, contributions to research and the validation and conservation of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants are needed globally.
Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Lateral Flow Assay Strip for Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus Antibodies

Simple Summary Newcastle disease (ND) is an Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) notifiable terrestrial and aquatic animal disease that can infect chickens of all ages with a high mortality rate, causing ongoing damage to the poultry industry in China currently. In this study, we have developed a blocking lateral flow assay (bLFA) strip for the rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies, using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against hemagglutinin-neuraminidase. The results showed that the chicken NDV hyperimmunized serum had a complete blocking titer of 11 log 2, and half-blocking titer of 13 log 2, which are 4 times less than and the same as that of the Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test (13 log 2), and 8 and 2 times less than that of the virus neutralization test (14 log 2), respectively. Additionally, the bLFA strip has no cross-reactivity with positive serum of other avian pathogens. A total of 510 clinical samples were tested for NDV antibodies. The coincidence rate between the results of the bLFA strip and HI test was 97.65%. Therefore, it is an ideal alternative method for assessing the clinical immunity of ND vaccines in the field in real-time. Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute septicemic infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Considering that vaccination is currently the main modality for the prevention of ND, it is essential to assess the effectiveness of clinical immunization. In this study, we have developed a blocking lateral flow assay (bLFA) strip for the rapid detection of NDV antibodies using the monoclonal antibody 9C1 against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), which allows for the determination of an NDV-specific antibody titer within 10 min at room temperature. In addition, the bLFA strip has no cross-reactivity with the positive serum of other avian pathogens including avian influenza subtypes H5, H7, and H9, MD, IBD, IB, EDS, and avian adenovirus. The ability of the bLFA strip for detecting a neutralizing antibody was also estimated. The results showed that the chicken NDV hyperimmunized serum had a complete blocking (100%) titer of 11 log 2, and half-blocking titer of 13 log 2, which are 4 times less than and the same as that of the HI test (13 log 2), and 8 and 2 times less than that of the VN test (14 log 2), respectively. A total of 510 clinical samples were tested for NDV antibodies. The coincidence rate between the results of the bLFA strip and HI test was 97.65%. Therefore, it is an ideal alternative method for assessing the clinical immunity of ND vaccines in the field in real-time.
Bayesian CART Model Search

Abstract In this article we put forward a Bayesian approach for finding classification and regression tree (CART) models. The two basic components of this approach consist of prior specification and stochastic search. The basic idea is to have the prior induce a posterior distribution that will guide the stochastic search toward more promising CART models. As the search proceeds, such models can then be selected with a variety of criteria, such as posterior probability, marginal likelihood, residual sum of squares or misclassification rates. Examples are used to illustrate the potential superiority of this approach over alternative methods.
Mfrlmo: Model-Free Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Objective Optimization of Apache Spark

Hyperparameter optimization (HO) is a must to figure out to what extent can a specific configuration of hyperparameters contribute to the performance of a machine learning task. The hardware and MLlib library of Apache Spark have the potential to improve big data processing performance when a tuning operation is combined with the exploitation of hyperparameters. To the best of our knowledge, the most of existing studies employ a black-box approach that results in misleading results due to ignoring the interior dynamics of big data processing. They suffer from one or more drawbacks including high computational cost, large search space, and sensitivity to the dimension of multi-objective functions. To address the issues above, this work proposes a new model-free reinforcement learning for multi-objective optimization of Apache Spark, thereby leveraging reinforcement learning (RL) agents to uncover the internal dynamics of Apache Spark in HO. To bridge the gap between multi-objective optimization and interior constraints of Apache Spark, our method runs a lot of iterations to update each cell of the RL grid. The proposed model-free learning mechanism achieves a tradeoff between three objective functions comprising time, memory, and accuracy. To this end, optimal values of the hyperparameters are obtained via an ensemble technique that analyzes the individual results yielded by each objective function. The results of the experiments show that the number of cores has not a direct effect on $speedup$. Further, although grid size has an impact on the time passed between two adjoining iterations, it is negligible in the computational burden. Dispersion and risk values of model-free RL differ when the size of the data is small. On average, MFRLMO produced $speedup$ that is 37% better than those of the competitors. Last, our approach is very competitive in terms of converging to a high accuracy when optimizing Convolutional Neural networks (CNN).
Anomalous Electron Transport Equations for Ion Sound and Related Turbulent Spectra

A complete set of anomalous electron transport equations is derived for ion sound and related spectra. Turbulence causes a drastic modification of magnitude and structure of the transport effects. The self‐consistent distribution function is also used to determine wave growth. The important role of the new contributions to wave growth, resistivity, and heat conduction in experiments as well as their description by codes are discussed.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Left Ventricular Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus in younger adults is rising over the years. The diabetic population has an increased risk of developing heart failure, and diabetic individuals with heart failure have four times greater mortality rate. Studies results about exercise effect on left ventricular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus are heterogenous. Objective : This review aimed to analyze the effects of physical exercise on left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Only randomized clinical trials with humans published in English were included. Inclusion criteria were studies with type 2 diabetes patients, physical exercise, control group and left ventricular function. Exclusion criteria were studies with animals, children, teenagers, elderly individuals and athletes, presence of diet intervention, and patients with type 1 diabetes, cancer, cardiac, pulmonary, or neurological diseases. Electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were last searched in September 2021. Risk of bias was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results: Five studies were included, representing 314 diabetic individuals submitted to resistance and aerobic exercise training. Of the variables analyzed, physical exercise improved peak torsion (PTo), global longitudinal strain, global strain rate (GSR), time to peak untwist rate (PUTR), early diastolic filling rate (EDFR) and peak early diastolic strain rate (PEDSR). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on the effects of exercise on left ventricular function in T2DM including only randomized clinical trials with humans. Physical exercise seems to improve systolic and diastolic strain, twist, and torsion. High intensity exercise was reported to be superior to moderate intensity exercise in one study. This review was limited by the small number of studies and their heterogeneity regarding exercise protocols, follow-up period, exercise supervision and left ventricular function variables analyzed. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021234964).
Cultural Competence: 10-Year Comparison of Program Evaluators’ Perceptions

As part of its Guiding Principles for Evaluators, the American Evaluation Association (AEA) requires that evaluators develop cultural competencies. Using a successive-independent-samples design, the researchers sought to compare perceptions of cultural competence across a duration of 10 years. Qualitative data were collected via online surveying, which included 168 program evaluators in 2009 and 110 program evaluators in 2019. Content analysis was utilized, and content categories were identified and quantified for both data collections. The data reflect that, from 2009 to 2019, there has been an increased recognition of what cultural competence entails and a closer alignment between what the Guiding Principles for Evaluators promotes and what evaluators demonstrate. However, the data also indicate that perhaps preferences have evolved past the current cultural competence paradigm as well as the term “cultural competence” itself. These findings and implications are discussed in further detail.
Wind observations of low energy particles within a solar wind reconnection region

We report characteristics of thermal particle observations during the encounter of the Wind satellite with the separatrix and the outflow domains of a reconnection event on 22 July 1999 in the solar wind. During the studied event the electrostatic analyzers on Wind were transmitting three-dimensional electron and proton distributions in a burst mode every 3 s, the spin period of the spacecraft. The event was associated with a magnetic shear angle of 114° and a large guide magnetic field. The observations suggest that Wind crossed the separatrix and outflow regions about a thousand of ion skin depths from the X-line. At the leading separator boundary, a strong proton beam was identified that originated from the direction of the X-line. In the separatrix and the outflow regions, the phase space distributions of thermal electrons displayed field aligned bidirectional anisotropy. During the crossings of the current sheets bounding the outflow region, we identified two adjacent layers in which the dominant thermal electron flows were towards the X-line at the inner edges of the current sheets and away from the X-line at the outer edges. Interestingly, simulation studies and observations in the Earth's magnetosphere have revealed that the electron flows are reversed, consistent with the Hall current system.