Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Diversity in Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is a novel disease entity, proposed by Mizuguchi et al in 1995, that shows a characteristic selective and symmetric involvement of the thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. It usually leaves sequelae. The etiology of acute necrotizing encephalopathy is unknown. We describe here six patients aged 6 months to 5 years (four boys and two girls). Four cases were typical, and the patients' cranial computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance imaging showed irreversible symmetric involvement of the thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Three of the patients died, and one was left with severe sequelae. In the other two patients, who had selective reversible thalamic involvement, the disease was mild; one also showed transient unilateral thalamic involvement. These patients recovered completely. We consider the illness in these two patients to fit the criteria of the mild form of acute necrotizing encephalopa thy. We believe that acute necrotizing encephalopathy has some clinical diversity, as is seen in other neurologic disorders, and that a mild form could exist. (J Child Neurol 1999;14:249-255).
Migrations et stratégies des familles mozambicaines : réflexions pour une politique intégrée de développement rural

The demo-economic situation of Mozambique and the region’s post-apartheid liberalization led to restructuring of the former’s rural economy. Based on an in-depth empirical case study implemented in the locality of Leonzoane in southern Mozambique, the paper details these changes which appear particularly in the evolution of rural household’s strategies towards more complex livelihoods with an increased significance of labour migration. These observations question the foundations of the Mozambican poverty reduction strategy and rural development policy (PRSP 2011-2014) and call for an integrated approach which takes better account of the migration and rural employment dimensions.
Are Matched Partner Trade Statistics a Usable Measure of Transportation Costs?

Data on transportation costs are difficult to obtain. In the absence of good data, many researchers have turned to indirect measures of transportation costs constructed using matched partner c.i. f. /f.o. b. ratios from IMF and UN data. We investigate whether these data are usable, by comparing their levels and variation to directly measured transport costs for the US and New Zealand. We find that IMF c.i. f. /f.o. b. ratios are badly error-ridden in levels, and contain no useful information for time-series or cross-commodity variation. However, the IMF data do appear to reveal some meaningful cross-exporter variation that might be usefully exploited by researchers.
The cost of a short-selling constraint – welfare implications for investors under uncertainty

In this article, I analyse investors' welfare losses from being restricted from short-selling. To measure those losses, I use the concept of the proportionate opportunity cost along with various Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) utility functions. Two sets of asset returns are used with a Vector Autoregressive process for generating joint returns distributions: the original historical asset returns data set and the historical asset returns with extreme values exaggerated. In each case, 1000 alternative sets of assets, including one with a risk-free nominal return, are randomly made available for investment. I show that the optimal portfolio strategy with the short-selling constraint performs almost as well as the unconstrained portfolio strategy for investors with medium and high levels of risk aversion. The results, derived from the original historical asset returns data set, show that investors' welfare losses reach 12.8% of initial wealth when risk aversion is low and reach 13.5% of initial wealth with extreme returns exaggerated. The results in both cases indicate that less risk-averse investors experience greater welfare losses and that the short-selling constraint reduces the cost of sub-optimal diversification.
Comparative performance analysis of decoupled SVPWM techniques for a four — level open end winding induction motor drive

Multilevel Inverters (MLIs) are extensively being used in high-performance AC drives owing to their increased efficiency and improved harmonic performance. MLIs also facilitate the use of semiconductor switching devices of lower voltage rating for high DC bus voltages. Several MLI topologies are in use to which the dual-inverter fed Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive (OEWIMD) is a recent addition. A four-level OEWIMD is implemented with two unequal DC – link voltages, which are in the ratio of 2:1. In this power circuit configuration, the DC-link capacitor of the inverter operating with lower voltage is susceptible to the problem of overcharging. It was shown in earlier literature that the Decoupled Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) schemes, namely, the Equal Duty SVPWM (EDSVPWM) and the Proportional Duty SVPWM (PDSVPWM) can avoid this unwanted phenomenon. In this paper, with the aid of an improvised loss model, the thermal performance of the OEWIMD using these two SVPWM schemes is critically compared. Simulation results indicate that the EDSVPWM is effective for the reduction of the power loss of the overall OEWIMD system, which includes the dual-inverter system and the motor. In contrast, the PDSVPWM scheme results in the reduction of the power loss in the dual-inverter system only.
A case study on swell modulation caused by surface winds using spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar

In an ERS-SAR image of the sea off Kii Peninsula on 30 March 1996, we found an atmospheric front formed by the sheltering effect of land topography and swell modulation in the sheltered/non-sheltered areas. From the SAR image, high- resolution wind speed and SAR-wave spectrum are retrieved. In the frequency range higher than the peak frequency, the SAR- spectra of the non-sheltered area have energy density higher than that of the sheltered area. The difference between the spectra of sheltered/non-sheltered areas is well explained by the simulated SAR spectra using the SAR-derived winds and a wind wave development formula suggest that the observed swell modulation is caused by the surface wind. This is a preliminary report and a full paper will appear elsewhere.
What Walrasian Marxism Can and Cannot Do

In their article “Roemer's ‘General’ Theory of Exploitation is a Special Case: The Limits of Walrasian Marxism,” Devine and Dymski portray me as some sort of Walrasian automaton who believes that phenomena that are not easily modelled using the Walrasian model of perfect competition do not exist. Their criticism of my theory assumes that I was attempting to model capitalism in its entirety, a task that, I agree, I failed to do. I did not propose a theory of accumulation, or of technological change, or of the methods by which capitalists maintain their ideological hegemony over workers, or of the methods by which they extract labor from labor power at the point of production. I was not, in short, trying to write an alternative to Das Kapital. My General Theory of Exploitation and Class (GTEC), as its Introduction explained, was an attempt at understanding the root causes of exploitation and class, so as to better understand how class formation and exploitation might occur in postcapitalist societies. To this end, I adopted a well-known scientific method: strip away many real aspects of the thing under study down to a minimal skeleton and see how many phenomena descriptive of the real thing one can generate. Then add more real aspects of the thing to the model, and see how much more one can generate.
THE CHOICE OF TRADING VENUE AND RELATIVE PRICE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL TRADING: ADRs VERSUS THE UNDERLYING SECURITIES IN THEIR LOCAL MARKETS

We address two important themes associated with institutions’ trading in foreign markets: (1) the choice of trading venues (between a company's listing in its home market and that in the United States as an American Depositary Receipt [ADR]) and (2) the comparison of trading costs across the two venues. We identify institutional trading in both venues using proprietary institutional trading data. Overall, our research underscores the intuition that the choice of institutional trading in a stock's local market or as an ADR is a complex process that embodies variables that measure the relative adverse selection and liquidity at order, stock, and country levels. Institutions route a higher percentage of trades to more liquid markets, and these trades are associated with higher cumulative abnormal returns. We also find that institutional trading costs are generally lower for trading cross-listed stocks on home exchanges even after controlling for selection bias.
Association Between Aqueous Flare and Epiretinal Membrane in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

PURPOSE Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a frequent macular complication in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The etiology of ERM formation in RP is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between aqueous flare, a surrogate index of intraocular inflammation, and ERM secondary to RP. METHODS We retrospectively studied a total of 206 eyes of 117 patients who were diagnosed with typical RP. Aqueous flare values were measured consecutively in 2012 and 2013 using a laser flare cell meter. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images and fundus photographs taken on the same day of the aqueous flare measurements were analyzed for ERM detection. RESULTS The mean values of aqueous flare, age, and frequency of male sex were significantly higher in the RP patients with ERM compared with the RP patients without ERM (P < 0.0001, P = 0.007, and P = 0.004, respectively). After adjustment for age and sex, the eyes in the highest quartile of aqueous flare had significantly higher odds of having ERM than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR], 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-6.93), and the linear trend across flare levels was significant (P = 0.005). In addition, each 1-log-transformed increase in flare values was associated with an elevation of the likelihood of having ERM (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.33-5.06). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis demonstrated that elevated aqueous flare is associated with ERM secondary to RP, suggesting that inflammation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ERM formation in RP.
A non-circular arc roll gap model for control applications in steel rolling mills

This contribution presents a mathematical model for cold rolling mills suited for the control purpose. Founded on physical considerations, particular emphasis is laid on the modelling of the roll gap, including a detailed description of the elastic work roll deformations. Typically, non-circular arc roll gap models involve significant computational effort. Thus, a key objective of this paper is to propose a model which is applicable for control due to clearly reduced computational cost. This roll gap model is combined with the dynamics of the mill stand and the bridle rolls in the entry and the exit section. By virtue of the flatness property of the entire model, the nonlinear control design for the mill is addressed by applying the flatness based control theory
X-ray Flares from Postmerger Millisecond Pulsars

Recent observations support the suggestion that short-duration gamma-ray bursts are produced by compact star mergers. The x-ray flares discovered in two short gamma-ray bursts last much longer than the previously proposed postmerger energy-release time scales. Here, we show that they can be produced by differentially rotating, millisecond pulsars after the mergers of binary neutron stars. The differential rotation leads to windup of interior poloidal magnetic fields and the resulting toroidal fields are strong enough to float up and break through the stellar surface. Magnetic reconnection–driven explosive events then occur, leading to multiple x-ray flares minutes after the original gamma-ray burst.
Study on influence of piperine treatment on the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac in healthy volunteers

Abstract 1. Diclofenac sodium (DIC) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug and its administration in humans receiving long-term therapy with herbal drugs containing piperine (PIP) may occur, which leads to drug–phytochemical interactions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of PIP treatment on the pharmacokinetics of DIC in healthy volunteers. 2. The open-label, two period, sequential study was conducted in 12 healthy volunteers. PIP 20 mg was administered once daily for 10 days during treatment phase. A single dose of DIC 100 mg was administered during control and after treatment phases under fasting conditions. The blood samples were collected after DIC dosing at predetermined time intervals and analyzed by HPLC. 3. Treatment with PIP significantly enhanced maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) (2.24–3.68 μg/mL, p < 0.05), area under the curve (AUC) (7.09–11.81 μg h/mL, p < 0.05), half-life (T1/2) (1.23–1.65 h, p < 0.05) and significantly decreased elimination rate constant (Kel) (0.62–0.41 h−1, p < 0.05), apparent oral clearance (CL/F) (7.57–4.52 L/h, p < 0.05) of DIC as compared to that of control phase. 4. The results suggest that the altered pharmacokinetics of DIC might be attributed to PIP mediated inhibition of CYP2C9 enzyme, which indicates the clinically significant interaction present between DIC and PIP. Therefore, the combination therapy of DIC along with PIP may represent a novel approach to reduce dosage and result in reduced incidence of gastrointestinal side effects seen with DIC alone at higher doses.
Green Consumption: Behavior and Norms

Developing more environmentally sustainable consumption and production systems depends upon consumers' willingness to engage in “greener” consumption behaviors. Research efforts have sought to identify, analyze, and understand the “green consumer. ” Initial marketing and economics research, focusing on purchasing activities, has been complemented by research from fields such as industrial ecology and sociology, providing a more holistic picture of green consumption as a process. Much of the research has focused on areas with the greatest environmental impacts, namely peoples' homes and household management, their food choices and behaviors, and their transport behaviors for work, leisure, and travel. The emerging picture of green consumption is of a process that is strongly influenced by consumer values, norms, and habits, yet is highly complex, diverse, and context dependent. There are opportunities for future research that provides greater interdisciplinarity and challenges our assumptions and expectations about consumption and the nature of the consumer society.
Doing the Right Thing: A Geriatrician's Perspective on Medical Care for the Person with Advanced Dementia

America is aging. But even more striking than the rise in the proportion of the population over age 65 is the unprecedented number of individuals who are living into their eighties and nineties. While many people remain robust well into advanced age, the dramatic increase in the number of the oldest old has brought with it an epidemic of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Dementia is a highly prevalent condition — currently 5.4 million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease, a number which may rise to 16 million by 2050 if there is no breakthrough in the prevention or treatment of the disease — but it disproportionately affects those over age 85, striking between one-third and one-half of this cohort. Developing a reasonable approach to the medical care of older people with dementia will be essential in the coming decades.
Spatial distribution of Culicoides species in Portugal in relation to the transmission of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses

Abstract. Surveillance of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midge vectors was carried out at 87 sites within a 50 × 50 km grid distributed across Portugal, using light trap collections at the time of peak midge abundance. Culicoides imicola (Kieffer) made up 66% of the 55 937 Culicoides in these summer collections. It was highly abundant in the central eastern portion of Portugal, between 37°5′ N and 41°5′ N, and in a band across to the Lisbon penninsula (at around 38°5′ N). Of all the complexes, its distribution was most consistent with that of previous outbreaks of Culicoides‐borne disease, suggesting that it may remain the major vector in Portugal. Its distribution was also broadly consistent with that predicted by a recent climate‐driven model validating the use of remote sensing datasets for modelling of Culicoides distribution. Adult C. imicola were found to have overwintered at 12 of 20 sites re‐surveyed in winter but it did so in very low numbers. Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen) and Culicoides pulicaris (Linnaeus) complex midges were widespread despite their low summer abundance. The observed coincidence of high abundances of C. imicola and high abundances of C. pulicaris in summer lead us to suggest that C. imicola could bring African horse sickness virus or bluetongue virus into contact with C. pulicaris and the latter complex, together with C. obsoletus, could then transmit these viruses across much wider areas of Europe. The fact that adult C. pulicaris are present in high abundances in winter may provide a mechanism by which these viruses can overwinter in these areas.
Baby boom population aging and capital markets.

Demographic changes can affect economic dynamics in various ways. Little work however has been conducted upon whether and how demographic fluctuations influence capital markets. In an examination of the life-cycle investment hypothesis and the life-cycle aversion hypothesis the authors explore how demographic changes affect capital markets. The life-cycle investment hypothesis states that when people are in their 20s and 30s they tend to favor investing in housing instead of in capital markets. As they age however the demand for housing will stabilize or decrease and the demand for financial assets will rise. The investor will therefore during this later stage of his life allocate a larger proportion of resources toward capital markets and building financial assets. That the stock market should rise as populations age and the housing market declines is supported by empirical evidence for the post-1945 period. Specifically the time-series paths of the average age the real Standard and Poors 500 index and the real price of housing were considered by the authors. The second hypothesis that an investors risk aversion increases with age was then tested by estimating the resulting Euler equation and is also supported during the post-1945 period. An increase in average age is found to predict an increase in risk premiums.
Recovery of skeletal muscle contractility and hormonal responses to strength exercise after two weeks of high‐volume strength training

Exercise induced neuromuscular fatigue, recovery and hormonal responses were studied before (R1) and after (R2) 2 weeks of heavy strength training. Seventeen weight‐trained male students were recruited into a heavy training group (HT, n = 10) and a control group (n = 7). During heavy training HT exercised leg extensors every day while control group exercised twice a week. Test workouts (R1 and R2) were used to induce neuromuscular fatigue and hormonal responses. Acute fatigue after the test workouts was reduced after heavy training in the HT group (P < 0.05) but not in the control group. Twenty‐two hrs after the test workouts recovery from fatigue was not complete before heavy training, but recovery was complete after heavy training in both groups. The relative change in exercise induced cortisol and GH response, from before to after heavy training, was significantly different between groups, but for both hormones alterations in the control groups response was responsible for the between groups difference. IGF‐1 concentration was reduced 22 h after the test workout performed after heavy training in the HT group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, two weeks of high volume strength training attenuated neuromuscular fatigue after a test workout with only minor changes in exercised induced hormone response.
Monitoring Nonadherence and Acute Rejection With Variation in Blood Immunosuppressant Levels in Pediatric Renal Transplantation

Background. Acute rejection associated with medication nonadherence is a major cause of allograft loss in pediatric kidney transplant patients. There is currently no reliable method to detect medication nonadherence and prevent allograft rejection. Methods. In 46 pediatric patients who underwent renal transplantation between 2002 and 2003, the variation of serum drug levels was studied as a potential objective tool to monitor medication nonadherence. Tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) trough levels were measured from 1 to 12 months posttransplant, and standard deviation (SD) and percent coefficient of variation (CV%) were calculated. Because SD increased as mean trough levels rose, CV% (CV%=SD/mean multiplied by 100%) was used to eliminate this confounding effect. Results. Ten of 46 patients had biopsy-proven rejection. The median TAC CV% was 53.4% in patients with biopsy-proven rejection, which was significantly higher than 30% in those without rejection (P=0.005). Median MPA CV% was 51.9% in patients without rejection and 45.1% in patients with rejection (P=NS). High TAC CV% correlated with increased risk for rejection, whereas MPA CV% did not. Conclusion. The TAC CV% seems to be a useful and superior marker, compared with SD alone, for assessing medication nonadherence and the possibility of allograft rejection in pediatric renal transplantation.
EXPLORING EMBEDDED REMEDIATION FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGE CAREER TECHNICAL EDUCATION PATHWAYS: PROMISING PRACTICES

Public community colleges enroll nearly half of all undergraduate students in the United States and many of these students are enrolled in 1and 2-year Career and Technical Education programs. Employers have indicated that colleges should place more emphasis on reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. Career Technical Education can address the gap between employer expectations and students’ skills through classroom redesign. In 2011, a consortium of California community colleges received a Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grant from the U. S. Department of Labor to address postsecondary educational needs and improve student outcomes in an economically distressed area. The consortium adopted eight guiding principles to inform their work within designated Career Technical Education pathways. The purpose of this research study was to explore the implementation of one of the eight guiding principles—embedded remediation. The study used a qualitative, multi-case study method to discover promising implementation practices, and was guided by five research questions: How can embedded remediation at each case study community college be characterized and how did the implementation evolve? How are faculty trained to embed remediation? How do faculty members perceive that the implementation of