Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discourse Parsing Enhanced by Discourse Dependence Perception

In recent years, top-down neural models have achieved significant success in text-level discourse parsing. Nevertheless, they still suffer from the top-down error propagation issue, especially when the performance on the upper-level tree nodes is terrible. In this research, we aim to learn from the correlations in between EDUs directly to shorten the hierarchical distance of the RST structure to alleviate the above problem. Specifically, we contribute a joint top-down framework that learns from both discourse dependency and constituency parsing through one shared encoder and two independent decoders. Moreover, we also explore a constituency-to-dependency conversion scheme tailored for the Chinese discourse corpus to ensure the high quality of the joint learning process. Our experimental results on CDTB show that the dependency information we use well heightens the understanding of the rhetorical structure, especially for the upper-level tree layers.
Affective Retrofitted Word Embeddings

Word embeddings learned using the distributional hypothesis (e.g., GloVe, Word2vec) do not capture the affective dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance, which are present inherently in words. We present a novel retrofitting method for updating embeddings of words for their affective meaning. It learns a non-linear transformation function that maps pre-trained embeddings to an affective vector space, in a representation learning setting. We investigate word embeddings for their capacity to cluster emotion-bearing words. The affective embeddings learned by our method achieve better inter-cluster and intra-cluster distance for words having the same emotions, as evaluated through different cluster quality metrics. For the downstream tasks on sentiment analysis and sarcasm detection, simple classification models, viz. SVM and Attention Net, learned using our affective embeddings perform better than their pre-trained counterparts (more than 1.5% improvement in F1-score) and other benchmarks. Furthermore, the difference in performance is more pronounced in limited data setting.
SummVD : An efficient approach for unsupervised topic-based text summarization

This paper introduces a new method, SummVD, for automatic unsupervised extractive summarization. This method is based on singular value decomposition, a linear method in the number of words, in order to reduce the dimensionality of word embeddings and propose a representation of words on a small number of dimensions, each representing a hidden topic. It also uses word clustering to reduce the vocabulary size. This representation, specific to one document, reduces the noise brought by several dimensions of the embeddings that are useless in a restricted context. It is followed by a linear sentence extraction heuristic. This makes SummVD an efficient method for text summarization. We evaluate SummVD using several corpora of different nature (news, scientific articles, social network). Our method outperforms in effectiveness recent extractive approaches. Moreover, SummVD requires low resources, in terms of data and computing power. So it can be run on long single documents such as scientific papers as much as large multi-document corpora and is fast enough to be used in live summarization systems.
The lack of theory is painful: Modeling Harshness in Peer Review Comments

The peer-review system has primarily remained the central process of all science communications. However, research has shown that the process manifests a power-imbalance scenario where the reviewer enjoys a position where their comments can be overly critical and wilfully obtuse without being held accountable. This brings into question the sanctity of the peer-review process, turning it into a fraught and traumatic experience for authors. A little more effort to still remain critical but be constructive in the feedback would help foster a progressive outcome from the peer-review process. In this paper, we argue to intervene at the step where this power imbalance actually begins in the system. To this end, we develop the first dataset of peer-review comments with their real-valued harshness scores. We build our dataset by using the popular Best-Worst-Scaling mechanism. We show the utility of our dataset for text moderation in peer reviews to make review reports less hurtful and more welcoming. We release our dataset and associated codes in https://github.com/Tirthankar-Ghosal/moderating-peer-review-harshness. Our research is one step towards helping create constructive peer-review reports.
BERTSeg: BERT Based Unsupervised Subword Segmentation for Neural Machine Translation

Existing subword segmenters are either 1) frequency-based without semantics information or 2) neural-based but trained on parallel corpora. To address this, we present BERTSeg, an unsupervised neural subword segmenter for neural machine translation, which utilizes the contextualized semantic embeddings of words from characterBERT and maximizes the generation probability of subword segmentations. Furthermore, we propose a generation probability-based regularization method that enables BERTSeg to produce multiple segmentations for one word to improve the robustness of neural machine translation. Experimental results show that BERTSeg with regularization achieves up to 8 BLEU points improvement in 9 translation directions on ALT, IWSLT15 Vi->En, WMT16 Ro->En, and WMT15 Fi->En datasets compared with BPE. In addition, BERTSeg is efficient, needing up to 5 minutes for training.
Three-dimensional modeling of the instantaneous temperature distribution in a turbulent flame using a multidirectional interferometer

We have reconstructed a three-dimensional instantaneous temperature distribution inside the turbulent flame of a propane-air premix burner using multidirectional holographic interferograms by constructing a geometric model of the three-dimensional isothermal surfaces, and have read out the temperature values. To reconstruct this asymmetric temperature field, interference fringe data were acquired using an eight-directional Twyman-Green interferometer surrounding the object flame, and all data were simultaneously acquired. A ruby laser was used to obtain clear fringe patterns. The temperature distribution was reconstructed from the refractive index distribution, obtained from the fringe patterns, by a computed tomography technique using a convolution reconstruction algorithm. Isothermal profiles were calculated in horizontal cross sections from the temperature data. All of the multiple isotherms in each horizontal section were approximated with polygons and then stacked vertically to form polyhedra in a solid model format, having side facets with the corresponding isothermal values. Models, not only of the initial isothermal solids, but also of the solids resulting from multiple Boolean operations on them, were reconstructed to show the distribution in detail. This development will be of help in studying the local instantaneous structure of turbulent flames.
The Emergence of Travel-related Infections in Critical Care Units

Abstract Several tropical or geographically confined infectious diseases may lead to organ failure requiring management in an intensive care unit (ICU), both in endemic low- and middle-income countries where ICU facilities are increasingly being developed and in (nonendemic) high-income countries through an increase in international travel and migration. The ICU physician must know which of these diseases may be encountered and how to recognize, differentiate, and treat them. The four historically most prevalent “tropical” diseases (malaria, enteric fever, dengue, and rickettsiosis) can present with single or multiple organ failure in a very similar manner, which makes differentiation based solely on clinical signs very difficult. Specific but frequently subtle symptoms should be considered and related to the travel history of the patient, the geographic distribution of these diseases, and the incubation period. In the future, ICU physicians may also be more frequently confronted with rare but frequently lethal diseases, such as Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers, leptospirosis, and yellow fever. No one could have foreseen the worldwide 2019–up to now coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was initially spread by travel too. In addition, the actual pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 reminds us of the actual and potential threat of (re)-emerging pathogens. If left untreated or when treated with a delay, many travel-related diseases remain an important cause of morbidity and even mortality, even when high-quality critical care is provided. Awareness and a high index of suspicion of these diseases is a key skill for the ICU physicians of today and tomorrow to develop.
A new efficient method for determining the number of components in PARAFAC models

A new diagnostic called the core consistency diagnostic (CORCONDIA) is suggested for determining the proper number of components for multiway models. It applies especially to the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, but also to other models that can be considered as restricted Tucker3 models. It is based on scrutinizing the ‘appropriateness’ of the structural model based on the data and the estimated parameters of gradually augmented models. A PARAFAC model (employing dimension‐wise combinations of components for all modes) is called appropriate if adding other combinations of the same components does not improve the fit considerably. It is proposed to choose the largest model that is still sufficiently appropriate. Using examples from a range of different types of data, it is shown that the core consistency diagnostic is an effective tool for determining the appropriate number of components in e.g. PARAFAC models. However, it is also shown, using simulated data, that the theoretical understanding of CORCONDIA is not yet complete. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single complex line shapes of the B850 band of LH2

For a model of the B850 band in the light harvesting complex 2 of purple bacteria, the main quantum mechanical characteristics of the single complex line shapes are studied based on the theory of the preceding paper. The model consists of single exciton states coupled to harmonic oscillator bath, with the inclusion of both static and quasistatic disorder within the exciton Hamiltonian. A closed form line shape expression is derived that can account for the non-Markovian nature of the bath for a general spectral density. The calculation of the line shape only requires the inversion of a small matrix with dimension equal to the number of exciton levels, at each frequency. For two examples of site energy modulation with definite symmetries, we examine the dependencies of the line shape on the polarization of the radiation, on the type of exciton–bath coupling, and on temperature. For a plausible example of disorder, we simulate the line shapes of the ensemble and single complex spectroscopies. Simulation of single complex line shapes suggests that the quasistatic disorder is responsible for large spectral jumps (spectral diffusion) of the lowest exciton state and make the widths of the two brightest peaks comparable.
Identifying Strong Modulators of Cellular Quiescence Depth Across Different Quiescent Cells and Conditions

The proper balance and transition between cellular quiescence and proliferation are critical to tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. The likelihood of quiescence-to-proliferation transition is inversely correlated with quiescence depth, and deep quiescent cells are less likely to exit quiescence and reenter the cell cycle than shallow quiescent cells. The regulatory mechanisms of quiescence depth are poorly understood but essential for developing strategies against hypo- or hyper-proliferation diseases such as aging and cancer. Our earlier studies have demonstrated that the activation threshold of the bistable Rb-E2F gene network switch (ThE2F) controls quiescence depth. We have also identified coarse- and fine-tuning ThE2F modulators in rat embryonic fibroblasts. To examine whether other quiescent cells (including most adult stem and progenitor cells) under different environmental conditions use the same or different modulators of quiescence depth, here we studied the behaviors of 30,000 theoretical quiescent cell models that each support a functional Rb-E2F bistable switch with a unique parameter set. We found that although the vastly heterogeneous quiescent cell models exhibited no apparent parameter patterns, they converged at two alternative groups of strong quiescence-depth modulators (G1 cyclin/cdk-related and Rb/E2F complex-related). Our further machine learning (decision tree) analysis suggested that the Rb protein level and dephosphorylation rate in quiescent cells determine which modulator group to use to regulate quiescence depth.
Grand canonical Brownian dynamics simulations of adsorption and self-assembly of SAS-6 rings on a surface

The protein SAS-6 forms dimers, which then self-assemble into rings that are critical for the nine-fold symmetry of the centriole organelle. It has recently been shown experimentally that the self-assembly of SAS-6 rings is strongly facilitated on a surface, shifting the reaction equilibrium by four orders of magnitude compared to the bulk. Moreover, a fraction of non-canonical symmetries (i.e., different from nine) was observed. In order to understand which aspects of the system are relevant to ensure efficient self-assembly and selection of the nine-fold symmetry, we have performed Brownian dynamics computer simulation with patchy particles and then compared our results with experimental ones. Adsorption onto the surface was simulated by a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo procedure and Random Sequential Adsorption kinetics. Furthermore, self-assembly was described by Langevin equations with hydrodynamic mobility matrices. We find that as long as the interaction energies are weak, the assembly kinetics can be described well by the coagulation-fragmentation equations in the reaction-limited approximation. By contrast, larger interaction energies lead to kinetic trapping and diffusion-limited assembly. We find that selection of nine-fold symmetry requires a small value for the angular interaction range. These predictions are confirmed by the experimentally observed reaction constant and angle fluctuations. Overall, our simulations suggest that the SAS-6 system works at the crossover between a relatively weak binding energy that avoids kinetic trapping and a small angular range that favors the nine-fold symmetry.
Recent advancements in microwave imaging plasma diagnostics

Significant advances in microwave and millimeter wave technology over the past decade have enabled the development of a new generation of imaging diagnostics for current and envisioned magnetic fusion devices. Prominent among these are microwave electron cyclotron emission imaging, microwave phase imaging interferometers, imaging microwave scattering, and microwave imaging reflectometer systems for imaging Te and ne fluctuations (both turbulent and coherent) and profiles (including transport barriers) on toroidal devices such as tokamaks, spherical tori, and stellarators. The diagnostic technology is reviewed, and typical diagnostic systems are analyzed. Representative experimental results obtained with these novel diagnostic systems are also presented.
Human endometrial KISS1R inhibits stromal cell decidualization in a manner associated with a reduction in ESR1 levels

Defective endometrial stromal cell decidualization is a major cause of recurrent implantation failure (RIF), a condition with a prevalence of ∼15%. To treat RIF, a stronger understanding of the endometrial factors that regulate decidualization is required. Here we studied the role of the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) in regulating human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization. Our data revealed KISS1R inhibits HESC decidualization in vitro in a manner associated with a striking reduction in ESR1 protein levels. To determine whether KISSR inhibition of decidualization results from reduced ESR1 levels we expressed the dominant negative ESR1-46 isoform in decidualizing HESCs. We found that expression of ESR1-46 in decidualizing HESCs ablated the expression of ESR1-66 and ESR1-54 isomers, and blocked decidualization. Interestingly, when ESR1-64 was co-expressed with ESR1-46, ESR1-66 and ESR1-54 expression was restored and decidualization was rescued. Taken together, these results suggest that KISS1R inhibits HESC decidualization by downregulating ESR1 levels. Based on our findings, we suggest that by inhibiting HESC decidualization, KISS1R regulates the depth of embryo invasion of the stroma, a requirement for a successful pregnancy.
Creation of bulk elementary excitations in superfluid helium-II by helium atomic beams at low temperatures

The experimental results of creating bulk elementary excitations (BEEs) in isotopically pure liquid helium-II by helium atomic beams at low temperatures ∼ 60 mK are presented. In the present experiment, BEE signals generated by 4He-atomic beams incident on the liquid free surface were detected by a bolometer positioned in the liquid helium-II. Some detected signals were very weak and depended on the heater power. Some examples of BEE detected signals are shown. Also, group velocities of the detected BEEs are evaluated and the threshold velocities of the helium atoms are discussed. The present experimental results demonstrate BEE creation, such as the third non-dispersive Zakharenko waves (supra-thermal phonons), with energies ∼17 K (the Cooper pairing phenomenon doubles the supra-thermal phonon energy E k ∼ 2 × 17 K∼34 K in order to fulfil the energy conservation law) in the positive roton branch of the BEE energy spectra by helium atomic beams with suitable energies ∼ 35 K, which perturb the liquid surface at incidence points similar to heaters.
Use of cross-linkable polyfluorene in the fabrication of multilayer polyfluorene-based light-emitting diodes with improved efficiency

The authors report the use of a cross-linkable polyfluorene to fabricate multilayer light-emitting diodes (LEDs), thereby avoiding the restriction to combine polymeric solutions in different solvents. In particular, we find that for LEDs fabricated with a hole-injection layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT), with magnesium cathodes and with poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), as emissive layer, its electroluminescence efficiency increases from 2to5.5cd∕A upon insertion of the cross-linked polyfluorene between PEDOT and F8BT. This efficiency increase is attributed to an improvement of charge carrier balance within the F8BT emissive layer and a reduction of exciton quenching at PEDOT interface.
34Si accompanied ternary fission of 242Cm in equatorial and collinear configuration

Taking the interacting potential as the sum of Coulomb and proximity potential, 34Si accompanied cold ternary fission of 242Cm has been studied with fragments in the equatorial and collinear configuration. The cold valley plots (plot of driving potential versus mass number of fragments) and the calculations on the yields for the charge minimized fragments have been used to obtain the favorable fragment combinations. Thus, our study on the 34Si accompanied ternary fission of 242Cm reveals the role of near doubly magic shell closures (of 130Sn, 132Te, 134Te, etc.) in cold ternary fission. The comparison of relative yield reveals that in 34Si accompanied ternary fission of 242Cm, collinear configuration is preferred than the equatorial configuration. The relative yield for binary exit channel is found to be higher than that of ternary fragmentation (both equatorial and collinear configuration). The predicted yield for the binary fragmentation of 4He and 34Si from 242Cm are in agreement with the experimental data.
Common Experience Sample 1.0: Developing a sample for comparing the characteristics of haptic displays

Many haptic displays that provide haptic feedback to users have been proposed;however, differences in experimental environments make comparisons of displays difficult. Therefore, we categorized the characteristics of feedback based on existing research, and developed a common experience sample that includes virtual objects necessary for the expression of each characteristic. Additionally, we will study the methods of evaluating displays using the proposed sample, and aim at comparative evaluation of multiple displays.
Calligraphic poling for WGM resonators

By engineering the geometry of a nonlinear optical crystal, the effective efficiency of all nonlinear optical oscillations can be increased dramatically. Specifically, sphere and disk shaped crystal resonators have been used to demonstrate nonlinear optical oscillations at sub-miliwatt input power when cw light propagates in a Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) of such a resonant cavity. In terms of both device production and experimentation in quantum optics, some nonlinear optical effects with naturally high efficiency can occult the desired nonlinear scattering process. The efficiency of second order nonlinear optical effects in ferroelectric crystals can be increased by engineering a poling structure to the crystal resonator. In this paper, I will discuss a new method for generating poling structures in ferroelectric crystal resonators called calligraphic poling. The details of the poling apparatus, experimental results, and speculation on future applications will be discussed.
The Effect of Training Communication Medium on the Social Constructs Co-Presence, Engagement, Rapport, and Trust: Explaining how training communication medium affects the social constructs co-presence, engagement, rapport, and trust

Communication performance is highly context sensitive and difficult to quantify. In the SCOTTIE project (Systematic Communication Objectives and Telecommunications Technology Investigations and Evaluations), the goal is to investigate the impact of the communication medium on team performance and effectiveness. The human decision to travel or replace travel with telecommunications can be extracted from SCOTTIE, rather than relying on intuition and opinion. This poster analyzes four social communication constructs and compares them in Face-to-Face, Video Conferencing, and Virtual Reality training scenarios. Co-presence, engagement, rapport, and trust were the four constructs. Data from 105 participants across the three between-subject conditions showed that engagement was the only construct that had a statistically significant difference between the three training environments.
Rational optimization of a transcription factor activation domain inhibitor

Transcription factors are among the most attractive therapeutic targets but are considered largely undruggable due to the intrinsically disordered nature of their activation domains. Here we show that the aromatic character of the activation domain of the androgen receptor, a therapeutic target for castration resistant prostate cancer, is key for its activity as a transcription factor by allowing it to partition into transcriptional condensates. Based on this knowledge we optimized the structure of a small molecule inhibitor, previously identified by phenotypic screening, that targets a specific transactivation unit within the domain that is partially folded and rich in aromatic residues. The optimized compounds had more affinity for their target, inhibited androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional programs, and had antitumorigenic effect in models of castration-resistant prostate cancer in cells and in vivo. These results establish a generalizable framework to target small molecules to the activation domains of oncogenic transcription factors and other disease-associated proteins with therapeutic intent.