Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric Trailing Gravity Waves from New Zealand

Gravity waves are frequently observed in the stratosphere, trailing long distances from mid- to high-latitude topography. Two such trailing-wave events documented over New Zealand are examined using observations, numerical simulations, and ray-tracing analysis to explore and document stratospheric trailing-wave characteristics and formation mechanisms. We find that the trailing waves over New Zealand are orographically generated and regulated by several processes, including interaction between terrain and mountaintop winds, critical-level absorption, and lateral wave refraction. Among these, the interaction between topography and low-level winds determines the perturbation energy distribution over horizontal scales and directions near the wave source, and accordingly, trailing waves are sensitive to terrain features and low-level winds. Terrain-forced wave modes are filtered by absorption associated with directional wind shear and Jones critical levels. The former plays a role in defining wave-beam orientation, and the latter sets an upper limit for the permissible horizontal wavelength of trailing waves. On propagating into the stratosphere, these orographic gravity waves are subject to horizontal refraction associated with the meridional shear in the stratospheric westerlies, which tends to elongate the wave beams pointing toward stronger westerlies and shorten the wave beams on the opposite side.
Comparison of COPD assessment Test and Clinical COPD Questionnaire to predict the risk of exacerbation

Background and objective: Guidelines recommend the use of simple but comprehensive tools such as COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) to assess health status in COPD patients. We aimed to compare the ability of CAT and CCQ to predict exacerbation in COPD patients. Methods: We organized a multicenter prospective cohort study that included COPD patients. The relationships between CAT, CCQ, and other clinical measurements were analyzed by correlation analysis, and the impact of CAT and CCQ scores on exacerbation was analyzed by logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Among 121 COPD patients, CAT and CCQ score correlated with other symptom measures, lung function and exercise capacity as well. Compared with patients who did not experience exacerbation, those who experienced exacerbation (n = 45; 38.2%) exhibited more severe airflow limitation, were more likely to have a history of exacerbation in the year prior to enrollment, and demonstrated higher CAT scores. CCQ scores were not significantly associated with exacerbations. A CAT score of $ 15 was an independent risk factor for exacerbation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.40; 95% CI, 1.03–6.50; P = 0.04). Furthermore, CAT scores of $ 15 demonstrated an increased predictive ability for exacerbation compared with currently accepted guidelines for the use of CAT ( $ 10) and CCQ ( $ 1) in the assessment of COPD patients (area under the curve for CAT $ 15, CAT $ 10, and CCQ $ 1 was 0.61 ± 0.04, 0.53 ± 0.03, and 0.50 ± 0.03, respectively; P = 0.03). Conclusion: A CAT score of $ 15 indicates increased risk of exacerbation in COPD patients, whereas there is no evidence for increased risk based on CCQ score.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Antigenic mimicry of ubiquitin by the gut bacterium Bacteroides

Ubiquitin is highly conserved across eukaryotes and is essential for normal eukaryotic cell function. The bacterium Bacteroides fragilis is a member of the normal human gut microbiota and the only bacterium known to encode a homologue of eukaryotic ubiquitin. The B. fragilis gene sequence indicates a past horizontal gene transfer event from a eukaryotic source. It encodes a protein (BfUbb) with 63% identity to human ubiquitin which is exported from the bacterial cell. The aim of this study was i) to determine if there was antigenic cross-reactivity between B. fragilis ubiquitin and human ubiquitin and ii) to determine if humans produced antibodies to BfUbb. Molecular model comparisons of BfUbb and human ubiquitin predicted a high level (99.8% confidence) of structural similarity. Linear epitope mapping identified epitopes in BfUbb and human ubiquitin that cross-react. BfUbb also has epitope(s) that do not cross-react with human ubiquitin. The reaction of human serum (n= 474) to BfUbb and human ubiquitin from the following 4 groups of subjects was compared by ELISA: 1)newly autoantibody positive patients, 2)allergen specific IgE negative patients, 3)ulcerative colitis patients and 4)healthy volunteers. We show that the immune system of some individuals has been exposed to BfUbb which has resulted in the generation of IgG antibodies. Serum from patients referred for first-time testing to an Immunology Laboratory for autoimmune disease are more likely to have a high level of antibodies to BfUbb than healthy volunteers. Molecular mimicry of human ubiquitin by BfUbb could be a trigger for autoimmune disease.
A Novel System to Monitor Tic Attacks for Tourette Syndrome Using Machine Learning and Wearable Technology: Preliminary Survey Study and Proposal for a New Sensing Device (e43351)

Background: Many apps have been designed to remotely assess clinical status and monitor symptom evolution in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). These may one day serve as an adjunct for in-person assessment of persons with MS, providing valuable insight into the disease course that is not well captured by cross-sectional snapshots obtained from clinic visits. Objective: This study sought to review the current literature surrounding apps used for remote monitoring of persons with MS. Methods: A scoping review of published articles was conducted to identify and evaluate the literature published regarding the use of apps for monitoring of persons with MS. PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to January 2022. Cohort studies, feasibility studies, and randomized controlled trials were included in this review. All pediatric studies, single case studies, poster presentations, opinion pieces, and commentaries were excluded. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, when applicable. Key findings were grouped in categories (convergence to neurological exam, feasibility of implementation, impact of weather, and practice effect), and trends are presented. In a parallel systematic search, the Canadian Apple App Store and Google Play Store were searched to identify relevant apps that are available but have yet to be formally studied and published in peer-reviewed publications. Results: We included 18 articles and 18 apps. Although many MS-related apps exist, only 10 apps had published literature supporting their use. Convergence between app-based testing and the neurological exam was examined in 12 articles. Most app-based tests focused on physical disability and cognition, although other domains such as ambulation, balance, visual acuity, and fatigue were also evaluated. Overall, correlations between the app versions of standardized tests and their traditional counterparts were moderate to strong. Some novel app-based tests had a stronger correlation with clinician-derived outcomes than traditional testing. App-based testing correlated well with the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite but less so with the Expanded Disability Status Scale; the latter correlated to a greater extent with patient quality of life questionnaire scores. Conclusions: Although limited by a small number of included studies and study heterogeneity, the findings of this study suggest that app-based testing demonstrates adequate convergence to traditional in-person assessment and may be used as an adjunct to and perhaps in lieu of specific neurological exam metrics documented at clinic visits, particularly if the latter is not readily accessible for persons with MS. (JMIR Neurotech 2023;2:e37944) doi:10.2196/37944 JMIR Neurotech 2023 | vol. 2 | e37944 | p.2 https://neuro.jmir. org/2023/1/e37944 (page number not for citation purposes) Michaud et al JMIR NEUROTECHNOLOGY
Genetic algorithms for urban transit routing problems

The problem of road congestion occurs in most of the urban cities in the world. An e±cient public transportation system is vitae in helping to reduce the overall tra±c on the road. The urban transit routing problem (UTRP) is involved in searching for a set of routes for the urban public transportation system, which proved to be a highly complex multi-constrained problem. UTRP is a NP-hard problem where a lot of criteria need to be met in order to generate a feasible solution. Metaheuristic algorithm is suitable for the di±culties of this problem. Thus in this study, one such metaheuristic algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to solve the UTRP. The objective of this study is to design a GA to solve the UTRP. Due to the complexity of the UTRP, there is always a possibility of getting an infeasible chro- mosome. Thus, each chromosome is tested by a set of feasible criteria and modi¯-cation is made for the infeasible chromosomes. The genetic operations of crossover and mutation are also introduced to help the GA in exploring new characteristics for the chromosome and to maintain the diversity of the population as the GA evolves in each generation. The proposed algorithm is ¯rst applied to the single objective of UTRP which involves only the passengers' cost. It is later expanded to the bi-objective of UTRP which looks into the operator's cost as well. Due to the contradicting objective functions of the bi-objective UTRP, a trade-o® between the two objective functions is needed. Our proposed GA will search the Pareto Frontier and Pareto-optimal solutions are returned as the non-dominated solu- tions. The results obtained from the single and bi-objective of UTRP show that our proposed GA signi¯cantly improves the results compared to other published results in the literature for the Mandl's Swiss road network benchmark problem.
Ventral tegmental dopamine inputs to the nucleus accumbens mediates cue-triggered motivation but not reward expectancy

1. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care and Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 2. Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 3. Department of Neurobiology & Behavior and Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 4. Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 controls the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and survival of the retinal photoreceptor cells

Due to the high energy demands and characteristic morphology, retinal photoreceptor cells require a specialized lipid metabolism for survival and function. Accordingly, dysregulation of lipid metabolism leads to the photoreceptor cell death and retinal degeneration. Mice with a frameshift mutation of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (Lpcat1), which produces saturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) composed of two saturated fatty acids, has been reported to cause spontaneous retinal degeneration (rd11 mice). In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of LPCAT1 in the retina and found that genetic deletion of Lpcat1 induces light-independent and photoreceptor-specific apoptosis in mice. Lipidomic analyses of the retina and isolated photoreceptor outer segment (OS) suggested that loss of Lpcat1 decreases saturated PC production and affects the proper cellular fatty acid flux, presumably by altering saturated fatty acyl-CoA availabilities. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Lpcat1 deletion increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in photoreceptor cells, but not in other retinal cells without affecting the OS structure and trafficking of OS-localized proteins. These results suggest that the LPCAT1-dependent production of saturated PC is critical for metabolic adaptation during photoreceptor maturation. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of saturated fatty acid metabolism in photoreceptor cell degeneration-related retinal diseases.
Estimated dietary polyphenol intake and major food sources of the Brazilian population

Abstract Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between polyphenol intake and the risk of chronic diseases. However, the lack of comprehensive data on population-level intakes, especially in Latin American countries, has limited research on this topic. We aimed to estimate total and individual polyphenol intakes and determine the major dietary contributors in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey, a cross-sectional survey which included data on individual food intake of 34 003 subjects aged 10 years and over collected using two 24-h dietary records. Polyphenol content of foods was identified using the Phenol-Explorer database and Brazilian Food Composition Database. Total and individual polyphenol intake was calculated, as well as the intake distribution by socio-demographic factors. The median and 25–75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 364·3 and 200·9–1008 mg/d, respectively. After energy adjustment, the median and 25–75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 204 and 111·4–542·1 mg/1000 kcal/d (4184 kJ/d), respectively. Non-alcoholic beverages and fruits were the major polyphenol suppliers, and coffee and orange juice the main individual food contributors to polyphenol intake. The individual compounds most consumed were isomers of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid), naringenin and hesperetin. The present study provides, for the first time, data on dietary intake of total and individual polyphenols by the Brazilian population and illustrates the low quality of their diet. These results will facilitate the study of associations between polyphenol class intake and health outcomes, and will also be useful for future dietary intake recommendations.
Predictors of non-use of intrauterine contraception among women aged 18-49 years in a general practice setting in the UK

Predictors of non-use of intrauterine contraception among women aged 18-49 years in a general practice setting in the UK Journal Item How to cite: Walker, Susan H. ; Newton, Victoria L. ; Hoggart, Lesley and Parker, Mike J. (2016). Predictors of non-use of intrauterine contraception among women aged 18-49 years in a general practice setting in the UK. Open Access Journal of Contraception, 7 pp. 155–160.
A versatile genetic tool for post-translational control of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Several techniques have been developed to manipulate gene expression temporally in intact neural circuits. However, the applicability of current tools developed for in vivo studies in Drosophila is limited by their incompatibility with existing GAL4 lines and side effects on physiology and behavior. To circumvent these limitations, we adopted a strategy to reversibly regulate protein degradation with a small molecule by using a destabilizing domain (DD). We show that this system is effective across different tissues and developmental stages. We further show that this system can be used to control in vivo gene expression levels with low background, large dynamic range, and in a reversible manner without detectable side effects on the lifespan or behavior of the animal. Additionally, we engineered tools for chemically controlling gene expression (GAL80-DD) and recombination (FLP-DD). We demonstrate the applicability of this technology in manipulating neuronal activity and for high-efficiency sparse labeling of neuronal populations.
Measurement of the area of venous ulcers using two software programs 1

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the measurement area of venous ulcers using AutoCAD(r) and Image Tool software. Method: this was an assessment of reproducibility tests conducted in a angiology clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected from 21 patients with venous ulcers, in the period from March to July of 2015, using a collection form and photograph of wounds. Five nurses (evaluators) of the hospital skin wound study group participated. The wounds were measured using both software programs. Data were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient, concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. The study met the ethical aspects in accordance with current legislation. Results: the size of ulcers varied widely, however, without significant difference between the measurements; an excellent intraclass and concordance correlation was found between both software programs, which seem to be more accurate when measuring a wound area >10 cm². Conclusion: the use of both software programs is appropriate for measurement of venous ulcers, appearing to be more accurate when used to measure a wound area > 10 cm².
Efficiently Generating Mixing by Combining Differing Small Amplitude Helical Geometries

Helical geometries have been used in recent years to form cardiovascular prostheses such as stents and shunts. The helical geometry has been found to induce swirling flow, promoting in-plane mixing. This is hypothesised to reduce the formation of thrombosis and neo-intimal hyperplasia, in turn improving device patency and reducing re-implantation rates. In this paper we investigate whether joining together two helical geometries, of differing helical radii, in a repeating sequence, can produce significant gains in mixing effectiveness, by embodying a ‘streamline crossing’ flow environment. Since the computational cost of calculating particle trajectories over extended domains is high, in this work we devised a procedure for efficiently exploring the large parameter space of possible geometry combinations. Velocity fields for the single geometries were first obtained using the spectral/hp element method. These were then discontinuously concatenated, in series, for the particle tracking based mixing analysis of the combined geometry. Full computations of the most promising combined geometries were then performed. Mixing efficiency was evaluated quantitatively using Poincaré sections, particle residence time data, and information entropy. Excellent agreement was found between the idealised (concatenated flow field) and the full simulations of mixing performance, revealing that a strict discontinuity between velocity fields is not required for mixing enhancement, via streamline crossing, to occur. Optimal mixing was found to occur for the combination R = 0.2 D and R = 0.5 D , producing a 70 % increase in mixing, compared with standard single helical designs. The findings of this work point to the benefits of swirl disruption and suggest concatenation as an efficient means to determine optimal configurations of repeating geometries for future designs of vascular prostheses.
Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Oxidative Damage in Healthy Korean Smokers

Aims: The relationship between glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms and susceptibility to smoking-induced oxidative damage was investigated in healthy Korean smokers. Methods: Forty-nine healthy male smokers (20–59 years) participated in the study. GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were determined, and lymphocyte DNA damage was assessed by the Comet assay. Results: Out of the 49 smokers, 20 individuals were GSTT1 positive and 29 were GSTT1 null. For GSTM1, 45 smokers were GSTM1 positive and 4 were GSTM1 null. HDL cholesterol levels (p = 0.011) and the atherogenic index of plasma (p = 0.01) were significantly reduced, and concentrations of conjugated dienes were increased (p = 0.01) in the GSTT1-null individuals but not in the GSTT1-positive individuals. The GSTT1-null individuals were more susceptible to DNA damage than the GSTT1-positive individuals. For all parameters, the GSTM1 genotypes were excluded from statistical analyses due to the small number of subjects with the GSTM1-null type. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that subjects with the GSTT1-null genotype were more susceptible to oxidative damage than the GSTT1-positive subjects. Therefore, the GSTT1-null genotype may confer an increased risk of smoking-related cardiovascular disease.
Observer‐based adaptive control for nonlinear strict‐feedback stochastic systems with output constraints

In this paper, an adaptive output‐feedback control problem is investigated for nonlinear strict‐feedback stochastic systems with input saturation and output constraint. A barrier Lyapunov function is used to solve the problem of output constraint. Then, fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and a fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured states. To overcome the difficulties in designing the control signal in the saturation, we introduce an auxiliary signal in the n + 1th step in the deduction. By combining Nussbaum technique and the adaptive backstepping technique, an adaptive output‐feedback control method is developed. The proposed control method not only overcomes the problem of the compensation for the nonlinear term from the input saturation but also overcomes the problem of unavailable state measurements. It is proved that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results.
Computing single-source shortest paths on graphs with over 8 trillion edges

This paper introduces an implementation for solving the single-source shortest path problem on distributed-memory machines. It is tailored to power-law graphs and scales to trillions of edges. The new implementation reached 2nd and 10th place in the latest Graph500 benchmark in June 2022 and handled the largest and second-largest graphs among all participants.
adaptive control of nonlinear

would be useful for controlling a nonlinear dielectric elastomer actuator, a class of artificial muscle. The cerebellum was represented by the adaptive filter model, and acted in parallel with a brainstem, an approximate inverse plant model. The recurrent connections between the two allowed for direct use of sensory error to adjust motor commands. Accurate tracking of a displacement command in the actuator’s nonlinear range was achieved by either semi-linear basis functions in the cerebellar model or semi-linear functions in the brainstem corresponding to recruitment in biological muscle. In addition, allowing transfer of training between cerebellum and brainstem as has been observed in the vestibulo-ocular reflex prevented the steady increase in cerebellar output otherwise required to deal with creep. The extensibility and relative simplicity of the cerebellar-based adaptive-inverse control scheme suggests that it is a plausible candidate for controlling this type of actuator. Moreover, its performance high-lights important features of biological control, particularly nonlinear basis functions, recruitment and transfer of training. experimentally. In a PID-based control scheme tested in simulation for comparison.
Functional limb muscle innervation prior to cholinergic transmitter specification during 1 early metamorphosis in Xenopus . 2 3

François M. Lambert 13 INCIA CNRS UMR 5287 14 Université de Bordeaux 15 Zone Nord, Bât. 2A2ème étage 16 146 rue Léo Saignat 17 33076 Bordeaux cedex 18 Tel : (+33) 05 47 30 42 41 19 Fax : (+33) 05 56 90 14 21 20 francois.lambert@u-bordeaux.fr 21 22 Didier Le Ray 23 INCIA CNRS UMR 5287 24 Université de Bordeaux 25 Zone Nord, Bât. 2A2ème étage 26 146 rue Léo Saignat 27 33076 Bordeaux cedex 28 Tel : (+33) 05 57 57 47 74 29 Fax : (+33) 05 56 90 14 21 30 didier.leray@u-bordeaux.fr 31 32 Running title: Motor neurotransmitter switching in developing frog 33