Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Medical Domain Using CMARM: Confabulation Mapreduce Association Rule Mining Algorithm for Frequent and Rare Itemsets

In Human Life span, disease is a major cause of illness and death in the modern society. There are various factors that are responsible for diseases like work environment, living and working conditions, agriculture and food production, housing, unemployment, individual life style etc. The early diagnosis of any disease that frequently and rarely occurs with the growing age can be helpful in curing the disease completely or to some extent. The long-term prognosis of patient records might be useful to find out the causes that are responsible for particular diseases. Therefore, human being can take early preventive measures to minimize the risk of diseases that may supervene with the growing age and hence increase the life expectancy chances. In this paper, a new CMARM: Confabulation-MapReduce based association rule mining algorithm is proposed for the analysis of medical data repository for both rare and frequent itemsets using an iterative MapReduce based framework inspired by cogency. Cogency is the probability of the assumed facts being true if the conclusion is true, means it is based on pairwise item conditional probability, so the proposed algorithm mine association rules by only one pass through the file. The proposed algorithm is also valuable for dealing with infrequent items due to its cogency inspired approach.
Chronic musculoskeletal pain, prevalence rates, and sociodemographic associations in a Swedish population study.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of chronic regional and widespread musculoskeletal pain in a sample of the general adult population and study the association to age, sex, socioeconomic class, immigration, and housing area. METHODS A cross sectional survey with a postal questionnaire to 3928 inhabitants on the west coast of Sweden. RESULTS The age and sex adjusted prevalence of chronic regional pain (CRP) was 23.9% and chronic widespread pain (CWP) 11.4% among 2425 subjects who responded to the complete questionnaire. Odds ratio (OR) for CWP showed a systematic increasing gradient with age and was highest in the age group 59-74 yrs (OR 6.36, 95% CI 3.85-10.50) vs age group 20-34 yrs. CWP was also associated with female sex (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.41-2.61), being an immigrant (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.22-2.77), living in a socially compromised housing area (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.48-6.27), and being an assistant nonmanual lower level employee (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.09-3.38) or manual worker (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.65-4.49) vs being an intermediate/higher nonmanual employee. OR for CRP showed a systematic increasing gradient with age and was highest in the age group 59-74 yrs (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.62-3.05) vs age group 20-34 yrs. CRP was also associated with being a manual worker (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.19-2.23) vs being an intermediate/higher nonmanual employee. CONCLUSION Chronic musculoskeletal pain is common in the general population. Sociodemographic variables were overall more frequently and strongly associated with CWP than with CRP, which indicates different pathophysiology in the development or preservation of pain in the 2 groups.
Active Open Learner Models as Animal Companions: Motivating Children to Learn through Interacting with My-Pet and Our-Pet

This pilot study reports how to portray open learner models as animal companions in order to motivate children to learn in the digital classroom environment. To meet two challenges of motivation and interactivity for open learner models, the concept of open learner models as animal companions is proposed based on the emotional attachment of humans towards pets. Animal companions adopt three strategies and play various educational roles to help children's learning in motivation, reflection and member interactions. A class of students is divided into several teams. A student keeps her own individual animal companion, called My-Pet, which holds the open learner model of the student, and each team has a team animal companion, called Our-Pet, which owns their open group learner model. A preliminary experiment is conducted in a fifth-grade class with 31 eleven year old students in an elementary school to collect initial feedback in cognitive and affective aspects.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profile Analysis of Prunus persica in Response to Low Sink Demand after Fruit Removal

Prunus persica fruits were removed from 1-year-old shoots to analysis photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and genes changes in leaves to low sink demand caused by fruit removal (−fruit) during the final stage of rapid fruit growth. A decline in net photosynthesis rate was observed, accompanied with a decrease in stomatal conductance. The intercellular CO2 concentrations and leaf temperature increased as compared with a normal fruit load (+fruit). Moreover, low sink demand significantly inhibited the donor side and the reaction center of photosystem II. 382 genes in leaf with an absolute fold change ≥1 change in expression level, representing 116 up- and 266 down-regulated genes except for unknown transcripts. Among these, 25 genes for photosynthesis were down-regulated, 69 stress and 19 redox related genes up-regulated under the low sink demand. These studies revealed high leaf temperature may result in a decline of net photosynthesis rate through down-regulation in photosynthetic related genes and up-regulation in redox and stress related genes, especially heat shock proteins genes. The complex changes in genes at the transcriptional level under low sink demand provided useful starting points for in-depth analyses of source-sink relationship in P. persica.
Fit for Purpose? Welfare Reform and Challenges for Health and Labour Market Policy in the UK

In the UK, as in some other EU states, the focus of recent welfare reforms has switched from those on unemployment benefits to those receiving sickness/incapacity benefits (IBs), reflecting concerns around the large numbers falling into the this last group. The Labour government elected in 1997 introduced a range of measures to activate those on IBs, setting a target of a one million reduction in the number of claimants by the end of 2015. The Conservative Party similarly came to acknowledge that high levels of IB claiming represented a problem of ‘unemployment hidden as sickness’, and in coalition now proposes even more aggressive supply-side strategies. This paper provides an extensive review of the most recent evidence to identify factors driving the rise in the number of people claiming IBs and, in light of this analysis, assesses whether current policy is fit for purpose. An important conclusion is that any national ‘one-size fits all’ supply-side policy response is blind to the distinctive geography of receipt of IBs and the complex combination of factors that leave some people trapped on these benefits.
Model complexity optimization for nonnative English speakers

In this paper, a study is made on selecting existing acoustic models that are trained from native English speech for improving recognition of nonnative English talkers’ speech. The problem is addressed from the perspective that foreign accents prevent detailed triphone models that are commonly used in highperformance speech recognition systems to match well with these talkers’ speech, and therefore an appropriate level of context-dependent acoustic modeling is needed for foreign accent speakers. In this work, model complexity selection is accomplished by empirically choosing a set of model tying thresholds and by using the principle of MDL. An experiment was performed on the Wall Street Journal task on three nonnative English talkers with Chinese accent (276 sentences). Compared to the result obtained from using the models optimized to native English speakers, the best model tying threshold and MDL yielded similar and significant reduction to recognition word errors by 23%.
Pause Measures during Reading and Recall in Serial List Learning

An investigation is reported into pausing and grouping during the serial learning of letter strings, when presented randomly by length and when presented in ascending order. Mean pause times for the reading and recall of longer lists were significantly greater than for lists of shorter span due to extended pausing at specific list positions. In general, reading rhythms were duplicated during recall. Subjects were highly consistent in maintaining their level of pause duration across lists and responded to additions in list length by increasing their number of groups, not by increasing group size. Triadic sequences were the most popular form of spontaneous organization. Pausing measures are discussed as indices of organizational strategies.
Cardiac PET/CT Misregistration Causes Significant Changes in Estimated Myocardial Blood Flow

Misregistration of cardiac PET/CT data can lead to misinterpretation of regional myocardial perfusion. However, the effect of misregistration on the quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) has not been studied. Methods: Cardiac 82Rb-PET/CT scans of 10 patients with normal regional myocardial perfusion were analyzed. Realignment was done for the baseline and stress PET/CT images as necessary, and MBF was obtained from dynamic data. Then, the stress images were misregistered by 5 mm along the x-axis (left) and z-axis (cranial) and again by 10 mm. A 10-mm misregistration in the opposite direction (−10 mm along the x-axis [right] and z-axis [caudal]) was also tested. Stress MBF was recalculated for 5-, 10-, and −10-mm misregistrations. Results: Stress MBF of the left ventricle decreased by 10% ± 6% (P = 0.005) after 5-mm misregistration and by 24% ± 15% (P = 0.001) after 10-mm misregistration. In descending order, the most important stress MBF changes occurred in the anterior (39% ± 9%), lateral (34% ± 9%), apical (20% ± 16%), inferior (12% ± 10%), and septal (10% ± 12%) walls after 10-mm misregistration. Lesser changes were observed after 5-mm misregistration, with the same wall distribution. In contrast, −10-mm misregistration increased global MBF by 9% ± 6% (P = 0.004). In descending order, the overestimation of estimated MBF after −10-mm misregistration occurred in the lateral (15% ± 8%), apical (15% ± 18%), anterior (9% ± 5%), and inferior (9% ± 11%) walls. Conclusion: Misregistration of the stress PET/CT dataset leads to significant global and regional artifactual alterations in the estimated MBF. Quantitative error was observed throughout the myocardium and was not confined to those heart regions that extended into the lung on misregistered CT.
Central Role of the Gut Epithelial Barrier in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Intestinal Inflammation: Lessons Learned from Animal Models and Human Genetics

The gut mucosa is constantly challenged by a bombardment of foreign antigens and environmental microorganisms. As such, the precise regulation of the intestinal barrier allows the maintenance of mucosal immune homeostasis and prevents the onset of uncontrolled inflammation. In support of this concept, emerging evidence points to defects in components of the epithelial barrier as etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In fact, the integrity of the intestinal barrier relies on different elements, including robust innate immune responses, epithelial paracellular permeability, epithelial cell integrity, as well as the production of mucus. The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate how alterations in the aforementioned epithelial components can lead to the disruption of intestinal immune homeostasis, and subsequent inflammation. In this regard, the wealth of data from mouse models of intestinal inflammation and human genetics are pivotal in understanding pathogenic pathways, for example, that are initiated from the specific loss of function of a single protein leading to the onset of intestinal disease. On the other hand, several recently proposed therapeutic approaches to treat human IBD are targeted at enhancing different elements of gut barrier function, further supporting a primary role of the epithelium in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation and emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy and effective intestinal barrier.
Decreased Incidence of Respiratory Infections in Children After Vaccination with Ten-valent Pneumococcal Vaccine

Introduction: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and antibiotic usage are common in children, increasing the risk of antibacterial resistance. The introduction of protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccines has led to reduction in pneumococcal infections. In 2011, pneumococcal protein-conjugated vaccine-10 was introduced into the national childhood vaccination in Iceland, a population not earlier vaccinated against pneumococcus, with 95% vaccine uptake in the first year. The aim of the study was to evaluate the number of children visiting the Children’s Hospital Iceland for RTIs before and after the introduction of the vaccine Methods: Admissions and visits to the Children’s Hospital because of RTIs were recorded, and children aged 3 months to 2 years in the nonvaccine eligible cohort (born 2008–2010) were compared with the vaccine eligible cohort (born in 2011). Statistical analysis was done using large sample Z test and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Results: A significant reduction in incidence rate was found when comparing the nonvaccine eligible cohort with the vaccine eligible cohort, both for acute otitis media (AOM) (IRR: 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.67–0.87; P < 0.0001) and for pneumonia (IRR: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.95; P < 0.01). Conclusion: A significant reduction in hospital visits because of AOM and pneumonia in children vaccinated with pneumococcal protein-conjugated vaccine-10 was established. The abrupt and significant reduction of AOM is unusually clear. This reduction was noted very early after initiation of the vaccination.
Output characterization of constant bit rate traffic in FIFO networks

We provide an analytical proof that the departure rate of a CBR flow at an overloaded link with FIFO buffers is proportional to the flow's share of the total offered load at the link. This property of FIFO scheduling was recently validated in in a series of traffic measurement experiments. An extension of the analysis to a multi-node scenario shows that the output rate of a flow in a network with many overloaded FIFO switches approaches the pessimistic values given by blind multiplexing.
An Analysis of the Correctness and Completeness of Aspect Weaving

Jointly deployed aspects may interact with each other. While some interactions might be intended, unintended interactions (interferences) can break a program. Detecting and resolving interferences is particularly hard if aspects are developed independently, without knowledge of each other. Work on interference detection has focused so far on the correctness of weaved programs. In this paper we focus on the correctness and completeness of aspect weaving. We show that a large class of interferences result from incorrect or incomplete weaving and present a language independent correctness, and completeness. Our technique can check aspect interferences independent of any base program and is applicable to aspects that contain implicit mutual dependencies in their implementation, without needing special purpose program annotations or formal specifications of aspect semantics
Gestion déléguée des encours par les investisseurs institutionnels : description et évolution des pratiques

[eng] Portfolio Management Delegation of Institutional Funds : Description and Evolution of Practices. The aim of this study is to examine the way institutional investors delegate the management of their funds to asset managers. This delegation of management raises different problems because institutional [fre] Cet article s’interesse a la maniere dont les investisseurs institutionnels deleguent la gestion de leurs encours aupres de societes de gestion. Cette delegation de gestion pose un certain nombre de problemes car les institutionnels doivent s’assurer que l’effort deploye par les gerants se conforme a leurs interets, qu’il s’agisse de maximiser la performance ou de gerer au mieux les risques de leurs portefeuilles. L’observation des pratiques de la chaine de delegation revele que le contrat de remuneration des gerants ne peut a lui seul exercer un mecanisme incitatif. Le controle des gerants s’opere par de toutes autres incitations, liees a la plus grande maturite des acteurs et a la structuration croissante de l’industrie de la gestion institutionnelle. Classification JEL : G11, G21, G22, G23, G24, G32, J33.
Omnidirectional 3D Modeling on a Mobile Robot using Graph Cuts

For a mobile robot it is a natural task to build a 3D model of its environment. Such a model is not only useful for planning robot actions but also to provide a remote human surveillant a realistic visualization of the robot’s state with respect to the environment. Acquiring 3D models of environments is also an important task on its own with many possible applications like creating virtual interactive walkthroughs or as basis for 3D-TV. In this paper we present our method to acquire a 3D model using a mobile robot that is equipped with a laser scanner and a panoramic camera. The method is based on calculating dense depth maps for panoramic images using pairs of panoramic images taken from different positions using stereo matching. Traditional 2D-SLAM using laser-scan-matching is used to determine the needed camera poses. To receive high-quality results we use a high-quality stereo matching algorithm – the graph cut method. We describe the necessary modifications to handle panoramic images and specialized post-processing methods.
An Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) Hospitals, Wildfires Highest Priority

Abstract Introduction Although many studies have delineated the variety and magnitude of impacts that climate change is likely to have on health, very little is known about how well hospitals are poised to respond to these impacts. Hypothesis/Problem The hypothesis is that most modern hospitals in urban areas in the United States need to augment their current disaster planning to include climate-related impacts. Methods Using Los Angeles County (California USA) as a case study, historical data for emergency department (ED) visits and projections for extreme-heat events were used to determine how much climate change is likely to increase ED visits by mid-century for each hospital. In addition, historical data about the location of wildfires in Los Angeles County and projections for increased frequency of both wildfires and flooding related to sea-level rise were used to identify which area hospitals will have an increased risk of climate-related wildfires or flooding at mid-century. Results Only a small fraction of the total number of predicted ED visits at mid-century would likely to be due to climate change. By contrast, a significant portion of hospitals in Los Angeles County are in close proximity to very high fire hazard severity zones (VHFHSZs) and would be at greater risk to wildfire impacts as a result of climate change by mid-century. One hospital in Los Angeles County was anticipated to be at greater risk due to flooding by mid-century as a result of climate-related sea-level rise. Conclusion This analysis suggests that several Los Angeles County hospitals should focus their climate-change-related planning on building resiliency to wildfires. AdelaineSA, SatoM, JinY, GodwinH. An assessment of climate change impacts on Los Angeles (California USA) hospitals, wildfires highest priority. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):556–562.
An Overview of the Association between Schizotypy and Dopamine

Schizotypy refers to a constellation of personality traits that are believed to mirror the subclinical expression of schizophrenia in the general population. Evidence from pharmacological studies indicates that dopamine (DA) is involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. Based on the assumption of a continuum between schizophrenia and schizotypy, researchers have begun investigating the association between DA and schizotypy using a wide range of methods. In this article, we review published studies on this association from the following areas of work: (1) experimental investigations of the interactive effects of dopaminergic challenges and schizotypy on cognition, motor control, and behavior (2), dopaminergically supported cognitive functions (3), studies of associations between schizotypy and polymorphisms in genes involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission, and (4) molecular imaging studies of the association between schizotypy and markers of the DA system. Together, data from these lines of evidence suggest that DA is important to the expression and experience of schizotypy and associated behavioral biases. An important observation is that the experimental designs, methods, and manipulations used in this research are highly heterogeneous. Future studies are required to replicate individual observations, to enlighten the link between DA and different schizotypy dimensions (positive, negative, cognitive disorganization), and to guide the search for solid DA-sensitive behavioral markers. Such studies are important in order to clarify inconsistencies between studies. More work is also needed to identify differences between dopaminergic alterations in schizotypy compared to the dysfunctions observed in schizophrenia.
A KINETIC STUDY OF THE Na PUMP IN RED CELLS: ITS RELEVANCE TO THE MECHANISM OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT *

One of the possible approaches t o understand better the mechanism responsible of the active movements of Na or K catalyzed by the Na pump is t o look at the dependence of these movements with the concentration of cations in the intraor extracellular media. This sort of study has been greatly favored by the development of procedures that allow the intracellular composition of red cells to vary within a wide range. ' The study of the kinetics of cation fluxes through the Na pump can be approached in two rather different ways. The first is t o look at the flux vs. cation concentration curves when cation concentration is varied at one of the surfaces and kept constant at the opposite surface of the cell membrane. From the shape of these curves we can obtain indirect information on the number of cation binding sites, their apparent affinities, their interactions, and the like.2y3 But, however useful these studies may be, they are hampered by the fact that almost always more than one kinetic scheme will fit the experimental results. The distinction between alternative models lies beyond the realm of kinetics and probably will become possible only when procedures t o measure the binding of cations t o purified ATPase preparations become available. Another way of using the kinetic approach to study the mechanism of the Na pump is to look at the effect that changes in the cation composition a t one of the surfaces of the cell membrane have on the shape of the curves relating cation flux with cation composition at the opposite surface of the cell membrane.4 We would like t o comment now on the results of experiments performed in human red cells in which the second approach was employed, and t o show that they place a set of rather stringent restrictions on the hypothetical schemes of the Na pump.