Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A R T I C L E I N F O

An eco-friendly method of synthesizing gold nanoparticles using an otherwise worthless weed pistia (Pistia stratiotes L.) A biomimetic method of gold nanoparticles synthesis utilizing the highly invasive aquatic weed pistia (Pistia stratiotes) is presented. In an attempt to utilize the entire plant, the efficacy of the extracts of all its parts – aerial and submerged – was explored with different proportions of gold (III) solution in generating gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The progress of the synthesis, which occurred at ambient temperature and pressure and commenced soon after mixing the pistia extracts and gold (III) solutions, was tracked using UV–visible spectrophotometry. The electron micrographs of the synthesized GNPs revealed that, depending on the metal-extract concentrations used in the synthesis, GNPs of either monodispersed spherical shape were formed or there was anisotropy resulting in a mixture of triangular, hexagonal, pentagonal, and truncated triangular shaped GNPs. This phenomenon was witnessed with the extracts of aerial parts as well as submerged parts of pistia. The presence of gold atoms in the nanoparticles was confirmed from the EDAX and X-ray diffraction studies. The FT-IR spectral study indicated that the primary and secondary amines associated with the polypeptide biomolecules could have been responsible for the reduction of the gold (III) ions to GNPs and their subsequent stabilization. ª 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University.
Chimpanzee Alarm Call Production Meets Key Criteria for Intentionality

Determining the intentionality of primate communication is critical to understanding the evolution of human language. Although intentional signalling has been claimed for some great ape gestural signals, comparable evidence is currently lacking for their vocal signals. We presented wild chimpanzees with a python model and found that two of three alarm call types exhibited characteristics previously used to argue for intentionality in gestural communication. These alarm calls were: (i) socially directed and given to the arrival of friends, (ii) associated with visual monitoring of the audience and gaze alternations, and (iii) goal directed, as calling only stopped when recipients were safe from the predator. Our results demonstrate that certain vocalisations of our closest living relatives qualify as intentional signals, in a directly comparable way to many great ape gestures. We conclude that our results undermine a central argument of gestural theories of language evolution and instead support a multimodal origin of human language.
New mobile energy storage system for rolling stock

Today's innovative technologies for Railway Electrification and Rolling Stock enable an energy efficient operation of railway vehicles supplied by the overhead contact line. In case there is no possibility to recover the braking energy, an onboard energy storage unit allows absorption of this energy for re-use. Therefore the energy consumption and the emission of “Greenhouse gases”, e.g. CO2, can be reduced significantly. But a second operation mode realized by an onboard energy storage unit is possible — the operation of such equipped rail vehicles on tracks without overhead contact lines. The introduction of the new Hybrid Energy Storage system Sitras®HES based on a new electrical connection to the common power supply voltage offers extended possibilities of the operation mode driving without overhead contact line. Consequently, increasingly arising requirement of customers due to aesthetical, environmental or operational reasons can be satisfied by the technology of onboard energy storage units. For both operating modes — energy-efficient operation and operation without overhead contact lines — valuable results and experiences in revenue service at MTS (Metro Transportes do Sul, S.A.) south of Lisbon, Portugal demonstrates the benefits of the new connection concept and the new energy storage system certified according to BOStrab (German Construction and Operating Code) by TÜV Süd GmbH, Germany.
The status of and future research into Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: the need of accurate diagnosis, objective assessment, and acknowledging biological and clinical subgroups

Although Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) are used interchangeably, the diagnostic criteria define two distinct clinical entities. Cognitive impairment, (muscle) weakness, circulatory disturbances, marked variability of symptoms, and, above all, post-exertional malaise: a long-lasting increase of symptoms after a minor exertion, are distinctive symptoms of ME. This latter phenomenon separates ME, a neuro-immune illness, from chronic fatigue (syndrome), other disorders and deconditioning. The introduction of the label, but more importantly the diagnostic criteria for CFS have generated much confusion, mostly because chronic fatigue is a subjective and ambiguous notion. CFS was redefined in 1994 into unexplained (persistent or relapsing) chronic fatigue, accompanied by at least four out of eight symptoms, e.g., headaches and unrefreshing sleep. Most of the research into ME and/or CFS in the last decades was based upon the multivalent CFS criteria, which define a heterogeneous patient group. Due to the fact that fatigue and other symptoms are non-discriminative, subjective experiences, research has been hampered. Various authors have questioned the physiological nature of the symptoms and qualified ME/CFS as somatization. However, various typical symptoms can be assessed objectively using standardized methods. Despite subjective and unclear criteria and measures, research has observed specific abnormalities in ME/CFS repetitively, e.g., immunological abnormalities, oxidative and nitrosative stress, neurological anomalies, circulatory deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, to improve future research standards and patient care, it is crucial that patients with post-exertional malaise (ME) and patients without this odd phenomenon are acknowledged as separate clinical entities that the diagnosis of ME and CFS in research and clinical practice is based upon accurate criteria and an objective assessment of characteristic symptoms, as much as possible that well-defined clinical and biological subgroups of ME and CFS patients are investigated in more detail, and that patients are monitored before, during and after interventions with objective measures and biomarkers.
PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN PENDAPATAN PERKAPITA, TINGKAT INVESTASI DAN TINGKAT INDUSTRIALISASI TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN DAERAH Studi Kasus : Kabupaten dan Kota di Wilayah Soloraya

Economic growth is an important factor cause illustration of public sectoral. Economic growth will be growing up local revenues, whereas in theory, local goverment income contributions increased will be increasing local capability to finance local goverment. This case study analysis aim to know local economic growth effects perspective from Gross National Product growth, Investment Level, Industrialization Level to Local Goverment Autonomy, finding the dominant factor, Local Goverment Autonomy difference betwen local goverments at Soloraya Areas, and Local Goverment Autonomy difference betwen before and after economic crisis. The analysis models in this case study analysis is regression models with pooled data by SPSS Program. The result of this case study analysis is simultaneous : Gross National Product growth, Investment Level, Industrialization Level influence to Desentralization Degrees that the measure of Local Goverment Autonomy, but individuality only Industrialization Level influence to Desentralization Degrees and became the dominant factor. And than founded Local Goverment Autonomy difference betwen local goverments at Soloraya Areas, and Local Goverment Autonomy difference betwen before and after economic crisis. Key words : Local Goverment Autonomy, Desentralization Degrees and Soloraya Areas.
Fingerprint alignment using special ridges

Fingerprint is one of the biometrics used to identify a person. Alignment is an important step in fingerprint recognition, affecting greatly the speed and accuracy of matching. Eight types of Special ridges are introduced to align two fingerprints. The ridge with maximum of sampled curvature is used as reference ridges for initial alignment. And corresponding special ridges paired by topology get aligned by their features. The alignment parameters of translation and rotation finally come from all aligned special ridge pairs. Experiments show that alignment using special ridges is fast and robust.
Scaling P 2 P Content Delivery Systems Reliably by Exploiting Unreliable System Resources

As Internet traffic continues to expand exponentially – it is predicted to be nearly four times larger in 2013 than it is in 2009 [1] – it is insightful to note that the dominant component of this explosive growth is undoubtedly rich media content, especially video data. Indeed, it is projected that Internet video alone, including live streaming, video on demand, IPTV etc. will account for over 60% of all consumer Internet traffic by 2013! And this does not even include the amount of video data exchanged through bulk-download based file-sharing applications.
Understanding of Spontaneous Utterances in Human-Machine-Dialog

In this paper discuss three basic problems of current spoken dialog systems: (1) the problem of understanding speech, (2) the additional problems imposed by spontaneous speech, and (3) the problem of dialog processing. We describe different deenitions of the term understanding and propose some theses for an interpretation system. We show two principal methods for enhancing the robustness against phenomena of spontaneous speech. Then we discuss several deenitions of the term dialog used within the speech community. Interpretation of utterances within a dialog context is necessary to resolve ambiguities. After that we discuss some factors of dialog control that have great innuence on the next user utterance. Since evaluation of dialog systems is not yet standardized, we show the deenition of a measure for the systems capabilities to understand utterances. This measure can be calculated automatically. Finally, we report some gures for our own spoken dialog system. The references given in this paper are expected to be a quite comprehensive starting point for further readings.
nc886, a non-coding RNA of anti-proliferative role, is suppressed by CpG DNA methylation in human gastric cancer

nc886 is a 101 nucleotide long non-coding RNA that has been designated as a precursor microRNA or a vault RNA based upon it sequence. nc886 has also been suggested to be a tumor suppressor, mainly inferred by its expression pattern as well as its genomic location at human chromosome 5q31, a locus for a tumor suppressor gene(s). However, legitimate data based on nc886's correct identity for its functional cellular roles as a tumor suppressor have not been provided yet. Here we have investigated nc886 in gastric cancer where its expression is suppressed due to CpG DNA hypermethylation at its promoter region in a cohort of paired tumor/normal tissues from 88 gastric cancer patients. CpG hypermethylation of nc886 and thus its diminished expression is significantly associated with poor survival in these cancer patients. nc886 inhibits cell proliferation when ectopically expressed in gastric cancer cells. nc886's tumor suppressive role is corroborated by the induction of well-known oncogenes such as FOS, NF-κB, and MYC upon its knockdown. All these activities of nc886 are undoubtedly independent of mature microRNA or vault RNA. Our data indicate that nc886 is a putative tumor suppressor and could potentially be used as a diagnostic marker in gastric cancer.
Meaning Engines | Revisiting the Chinese RoomRodrigo Ventura

In this paper, an approach to the concept of meaning is provided and presented. In particular, the Chi-nese Room scenario, engendered by John Searle (1980) (Searle 1980) is revisited through the introduction of an apparently minor detail in the setup. From this modiication, an architecture that is claimed to provide meaning to objects and situations is presented. This architecture, based on the idea that stimuli should be processed under two diierent perspectives | a cog-nitive and a perceptual one | underlies what is here deened as emotion-based agents. As these agents are capable of generating new associations, it is claimed that this learning of meaning mechanism is a meaning engine. \A topic of world-shaking importance, yet dealt with facetiously ; an android trait, possibly, he thought. No emotional awareness, no feeling-sense of the actual meaning of what she said. Only the hollow, formal, intellectual deenitions of the separate terms. " \Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? ," Philip K. Dick (Dick 1996) Human beings are remarkably good at assigning meaning to things and situations. Even when faced with abstract pictures, fuzzy clouds, or drifting smoke, people are almost always capable of \seeing" things, faces, animals, or extracting \meaningful" signs. Furthermore , they are not only interpreters of stimuli, but can also generate meaning through a very peculiar process of chaining associations: from a cloud to a face, from a face to bad fate, and so on. Basic, rudimentary learning seems to be rooted in this process of transforming meaningless to meaningful. Also, certain superstitious behaviors (which can be observed even in animals under controlled experimental conditions) depend on the assignment of meaning to experienced situations. On the other hand, computer programs | even the most sophisticate ones | are syntactical interpreters, parsing sentences and inferring conclusions which are correct provided that input data be true in the modeled world and that the inferring mechanism be sound. The Chinese room, introduced by John Searle (Searle 1980) illustrates this discussion and sheds light on the issue of understanding the diierences between human and computer interpreters. Following the approach suggested by John McCarthy in his essay \Ascribing Mental Qualities to Machines" (1979), it can be considered, at least at rst sight, that any agent, making the \right" decision when faced with a certain situation, is assigning meaning to it. For example , following this tentative deenition, to an automatic heating system, low temperature \means" cold …
Race, redistricting, and representation : the unintended consequences of Black majority districts

Since the creation of minority-dominated congressional districts in 1991, the Supreme Court has condemned the move as akin to "political apartheid", while many African-American leaders argue that such districts are required for authentic representation. In this treatment of the subject, David Canon shows that the unintended consequences of black majority districts actually contradict the common wisdom that whites will not be adequately represented in these areas. Not only do black candidates need white votes to win, but this crucial "swing" vote often decides the race. And, once elected, even the black members who appeal primarily to black voters usually do a better job than white members of walking the racial tightrope, balancing the needs of their diverse constituents. Ultimately, Canon contends, minority districting is good for the country as a whole. These districts not only give African Americans a greater voice in the political process, they promote a politics of commonality - a biracial politics - rather than a politics of difference.
M ODEL OBVLADOVANJA ODPORA PRI PROJEKTIH IN PROGRAMIH IT 77 Koli

Povzetek. Sodobne organizacije se spreminjajo zelo pogosto. Spremembe se poskuša izvesti hitro in učinkovito. Spremembe pogosto vključujejo spremembe IS zaradi njegovega pomena v organizacijah. Odpor do sprememb spada med ključne dejavnike uspeha večjih projektov in programov IT. Obvladovanje odpora ne pomaga organizacijam zgolj izvesti spremembe hitreje in učinkoviteje, temveč je hkrati tudi pomemben vir inventivnosti v procesu spreminjanja. Poleg tega se ob kakovostnem obvladovanju odpora verjetnost izvajanja pravih sprememb poveča. V članku sta na kratko predstavljena odpor in obvladovanje odpora, nato pa sta predlagana model obvladovanja odpora in umestitev obvladovanja odpora v standard za vodenje projektov PMI.
Imperfect Competition and International Commodity Trade: Theory, Dynamics and Policy Modelling

Part I. International Commodity Trade: The determinants of international commodity trade The empirical analysis of commodity trade Part II. Commodity Trade Theory: The demand for traded commodities The supply of traded commodities Equilibrium conditions in commodity trade Summary Part III. Dynamics of Commodity Trade: Specification strategy The demand functions The supply functions Summary Part IV. Empirical Analysis of Commodity Trade: Testing development trade theories Commodity exports of Latin America The demand for commodity imports The demand for commodity exports Characterization of commodity export supply Commodity market price formation Summary Part V. Modelling Trade Repercussions and Trade Policies: The international transmission of income changes Optimal export policies Trade liberalization Summary Annexes: A Data and estimation procedure B Dynamic system of equations C Regression results of model equations D Derivation of equations References
Swarm formations using the general formation potential function

This paper presents a method for synthesizing classes of potential functions, which corresponds to commonly used formations, from a general formation potential function by altering the values of a fixed set of parameters. These potential functions may then be used for formation control in swarms of agents. The properties of the potential functions are also examined in this paper. In addition, obstacle avoidance and target tracking behaviors are also implemented on the individual agents. Simulation studies have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of our approach.
Comparison of the Influence of Various Information Sources on the College Choice of Students Within a Variety of Postsecondary Institutions

This study examined the use of information sources in college choice processing of historically-under-represented students from four different types of colleges who traditionally have not been studied in previous research. Historically under-represented types of students included students who were older than 24 years of age, AfricanAmericans, Latinos, and low SES. The four types of colleges included a traditional public university, public community college, proprietary university, and proprietary college. Students from similar college programs of study were surveyed regarding their demographics to determine their categorization as historically under-represented and their use of information sources. Administrators from the selected colleges were interviewed and surveyed. Five students from each college were then interviewed. While most college choice processing research and the development of models are based on traditional college students, this study demonstrated that historically under-represented students generally utilize information sources and perform their college choice processing differently from traditional college students. These differences question the applicability of college choice processing models, such as Hossler and Gallagher’s three stage model, without revisions. These revisions include redefinition of the stages and how they are executed in order to embrace the lack of college choices of historically under-represented students due to their lack of college informational motivators. The use of alternate information sources by historically-under-represented students and their motivational impact that differ from those utilized by traditional college students demonstrated the need to employ these sources within traditional colleges in order to increase college access for historically-under-represented students. This includes the utilization of non-
Adaptive Space-Time Beamforming in Radar Systems

The goal of this chapter is to review the recent work and advances in the area of space-time beamforming algorithms and their application to radar systems. These systems include phased-array \cite{melvin} and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar systems \cite{haimo_08}, mono-static and bi-static radar systems and other configurations \cite{melvin}. Furthermore, this chapter also describes in detail some of the most successful space-time beamforming algorithms that exploit low-rank and sparsity properties as well as the use of prior-knowledge to improve the performance of STAP algorithms in radar systems.
Electronic Communications of the EASST Volume 49 ( 2012 ) Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Bidirectional Transformations ( BX 2012 ) Language Evolution , Metasyntactically

Currently existing syntactic definitions employ many different notations (usually dialects of EBNF) with slight deviations among them, which prevent efficient automated processing. When changes in such notation are required either due to maintenance activities such as correction or evolution, or because a grammar collection is written in a different notation than the one required by the grammarware toolkit, we speak of metalanguage evolution: i.e., a special language evolution scenario when the language itself does not necessarily evolve, but the notation in which it is written, does. Notational changes need to be propagated to different levels, such as to parsers that used to work with the old notation, to grammars of those notations that served as explanation material, and to the existing grammarbase. The solution proposed in this paper, relies on composing a notation specification and expressing notation changes as transformations of that specification. These transformation steps are coupled to changes in the notation grammar (i.e., grammar for grammars) and to changes in other grammars written in the original notation. This paper explains the general setup of such an infrastructure, with links to the prototypical implementation of the solution.
Bimodal Bidding in Experimental All-Pay Auctions

We report results from experimental first-price, sealed-bid, all-pay auctions for a good with a common and known value. We observe bidding strategies in groups of two and three bidders and under two extreme information conditions. As predicted by the Nash equilibrium, subjects use mixed strategies. In contrast to the prediction under standard assumptions, bids are drawn from a bimodal distribution: very high and very low bids are much more frequent than intermediate bids. Standard risk preferences cannot account for our results. Bidding behavior is, however, consistent with the predictions of a model with reference dependent preferences as proposed by the prospect theory.