Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of dementia among people with learning disabilities not attributable to Down's syndrome

Background. For many years, it has been known that dementia can occur in people with learning disabilities, but there have been few research studies. Studies that do quote rates for dementia show these to be high, but this important fact has received remarkably little attention. Method. Comprehensive psychiatric and medical assessments were undertaken on the whole population (ascertained as far as is possible) of people with learning disabilities aged 65 years and over living in Leicestershire, UK (N=134), in order to ascertain rates of DCR defined dementia, and associated factors. Results. Dementia was diagnosed in 21·6%, against an expected prevalence of 5·7%, for a group with this age structure. The rate of dementia increased in successive age cohorts: 15·6% aged 65–74 years; 23·5% aged 65–84 years; and 70·0% aged 85–94 years. People with dementia tended to be older, female, with more poorly controlled epilepsy, a larger number of additional physical disorders, less likely to be smokers and had lower adaptive behaviour scores than did the elderly people without dementia. They were more likely to live in health service accommodation. Conclusions. Dementia occurs at a much higher rate among elderly people with learning disabilities than it does among the general population; this is independent of the association between dementia and Down's syndrome. Whether this relates aetiologically to genetics, lack of brain ‘reserve’ or history of brain damage is yet to be determined.
Cross-lingual studies of ASR errors: paradigms for perceptual evaluations

It is well-known that human listeners significantly outperform machines when it comes to transcribing speech. This paper presents a progress report of the joint research in the automatic vs human speech transcription and of the perceptual experiments developed at LIMSI that aims to increase our understanding of automatic speech recognition errors. Two paradigms are described here in which human listeners are asked to transcribe speech segments containing words that are frequently misrecognized by the system. In particular, we sought to gain information about the impact of increased context to help humans disambiguate problematic lexical items, typically homophone or near-homophone words. The long-term aim of this research is to improve the modeling of ambiguous contexts so as to reduce automatic transcription errors.
Hemispherotomy for intractable epilepsy.

CONTEXT Hemispherotomy is a surgical procedure for hemispheric disconnection. It is a technically demanding surgery. Our experience is presented here. AIMS To validate and compare the two techniques for hemispherotomy performed in patients with intractable epilepsies. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A retrospective study 2001-March 2007: Nineteen cases of hemispherotomies from a total of 462 cases operated for intractable epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the cases operated for intractable epilepsy underwent a complete epilepsy surgery workup. Age range 4-23 years (mean 5.2 years), 14 males. The seizure frequency ranged from 2-200 episodes per day; four were in status; three in epilepsia partialis continua. The pathologies included Rasmussen's, hemimegelencephaly (unilateral hemispheric enlargement with severe cortical and subcortical changes), hemispheric cortical dysplasia, post-stroke, post-traumatic encephalomalacia and encephalopathy of unknown etiology. The techniques of surgery included vertical parasaggital approach and peri-insular hemispherotomy. Neuronavigation was used in seven cases. RESULTS Class I outcome [Engel's] was seen in 18 cases and Class II in one assessed at 32-198 weeks of follow-up. The four patients in status epilepticus had Class I outcome. Four patients had an initial worsening of weakness which improved to preoperative level in five to eight weeks. Power actually improved in three other patients at 32-36 weeks of follow-up, but hand grip weakness persisted. In all the other patients, power continued to be as in preoperative state. Cognitive profile improved in all patients and 11 cases returned back to school. CONCLUSIONS Both techniques were equally effective, the procedure itself is very effective when indicated. Four of our cases were quite sick and were undertaken for this procedure on a semi-emergency basis.
Psychologic Reasons for Patients Preferring Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty

Success of an orthopaedic operation depends on patients achieving their primary goal(s) and having satisfaction with the outcome. The enthusiasm of patients for minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty seems related to satisfaction with the operation. We hypothesized patients' attitude toward a small incision would increase their confidence and satisfaction with the operation but the importance of the incision would dissipate after patients realized their goals of pain relief and functional recovery. One hundred sixty-five patients responded to a 14-question patient-perception questionnaire preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively and a followup survey at 6 months to 1 year postoperatively. One hundred nine patients had small incisions (mean, 9.6 cm) and 56 had long incisions (mean, 17.9 cm). Preoperatively patients expected small-incision surgery would positively influence their primary goals and satisfaction; at 6 weeks postoperative they believed more strongly that this was true. By 6 months to 1 year, the importance of the incision diminished because 100% of patients met their primary goals. Forty percent of patients with a long incision were not satisfied and the reasons given were related to the process of reincorpo-rating their injured hip into their whole-body image. We confirmed our first hypothesis that a small incision influences a patient's satisfaction postoperatively; we could not confirm our second hypothesis that incision length did not matter after attaining primary goals.Level of Evidence: Level II, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
How Do You Tell a Blackbird from a Crow?

How do you tell a blackbird from a crow? There has been great progress toward automatic methods for visual recognition, including fine-grained visual categorization in which the classes to be distinguished are very similar. In a task such as bird species recognition, automatic recognition systems can now exceed the performance of non-experts - most people are challenged to name a couple dozen bird species, let alone identify them. This leads us to the question, "Can a recognition system show humans what to look for when identifying classes (in this case birds)? " In the context of fine-grained visual categorization, we show that we can automatically determine which classes are most visually similar, discover what visual features distinguish very similar classes, and illustrate the key features in a way meaningful to humans. Running these methods on a dataset of bird images, we can generate a visual field guide to birds which includes a tree of similarity that displays the similarity relations between all species, pages for each species showing the most similar other species, and pages for each pair of similar species illustrating their differences.
Software Development of Electric Machine Testing System and Reusability Design

A distributed control system is presented, which is used to test electrical machine's parameters and characteristics. The system consists of auxiliary and local monitoring stations. The local station exchanges information with data-collector through serial bus RS232. And the auxiliary station communicates with other local monitoring stations through Ethernet. The system realizes mainly five functions: data acquisition, remote supervisory and controlling, parameters calculation, storing and retrieving data, and curve fitting. An idea of inserting an intermediate layer between protocol layer and logic layer to uniform software interface is proposed. At last, expansibility and reusability of software are also studied.
Sacrificial carbonaceous coating over alumina supported Ni–MoS2 catalyst for hydrodesulfurization

Recent results have evidenced that carbon plays an important role in stabilizing the structure of the active phase in catalysts. In this work, carbon-coated alumina was prepared by applying polydopamine (PDA) as a sacrificial carbon source to modify the surface properties of γ-alumina, which then was used as a support to prepare supported NiMo catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts exhibited limited hydrodesulfurization performances due to their strong metal-support interaction. Herein, we report an unexpected phenomenon that sacrificial carbon layers can be constructed on the surface of the Al2O3 support from the carbonization of polydopamine (PDA) and mediated the interaction between the active site and support. Through the removal of carbon layers and sulfidation, the resulting NiMo catalysts exhibit excellent performance for HDS reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT), which is associated with adequate loading of residual carbon species, leading to an enhanced amount of active species under sulfidation conditions. Moreover, the facile synthetic strategy can be extended to the stabilization of the active phase on a broad range of supports, providing a general approach for improving the metal-support interaction supported nanocatalysts.
Asymmetric Regulation of Bipolar Single-stranded DNA Translocation by the Two Motors within Escherichia coli RecBCD Helicase*

Background: RecBCD helicase is involved in repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. Results: The 5′ to 3′ ssDNA translocation rate of RecBCD is faster than the 3′ to 5′ rate in the absence of a CHI site, and the rates are coupled asymmetrically. Conclusion: RecBC controls 3′ to 5′ and 5′ to 3′ translocation, but RecD controls only 5′ to 3′ translocation. Significance: Asymmetric regulation may explain how RecBCD is regulated after CHI recognition. Repair of double-stranded DNA breaks in Escherichia coli is initiated by the RecBCD helicase that possesses two superfamily-1 motors, RecB (3′ to 5′ translocase) and RecD (5′ to 3′ translocase), that operate on the complementary DNA strands to unwind duplex DNA. However, it is not known whether the RecB and RecD motors act independently or are functionally coupled. Here we show by directly monitoring ATP-driven single-stranded DNA translocation of RecBCD that the 5′ to 3′ rate is always faster than the 3′ to 5′ rate on DNA without a crossover hotspot instigator site and that the translocation rates are coupled asymmetrically. That is, RecB regulates both 3′ to 5′ and 5′ to 3′ translocation, whereas RecD only regulates 5′ to 3′ translocation. We show that the recently identified RecBC secondary translocase activity functions within RecBCD and that this contributes to the coupling. This coupling has implications for how RecBCD activity is regulated after it recognizes a crossover hotspot instigator sequence during DNA unwinding.
Computer Assisted Fourier Analysis in Sequence Spaces of Varying Regularity

This work treats a functional analytic framework for computer assisted Fourier analysis which can be used to obtain mathematically rigorous error bounds on numerical approximations of solutions of differential equations. An abstract a posteriori theorem is employed in order to obtain existence and regularity results for $C^k$ problems with $0 < k \leq \infty$ or $k = \omega$. The main tools are certain infinite sequence spaces of rapidly decaying coefficients: we employ sequence spaces of algebraic and exponential decay rates in order to characterize the regularity of our results. We illustrate the implementation and effectiveness of the method in a variety of regularity classes. We also examine the effectiveness of spaces of algebraic decays for studying solutions of problems near the breakdown of analyticity.
Oncogenic Gene Fusion FGFR3-TACC3 Is Regulated by Tyrosine Phosphorylation

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. Mutation and/or translocation of FGFRs lead to aberrant signaling that often results in developmental syndromes or cancer growth. As sequencing of human tumors becomes more frequent, so does the detection of FGFR translocations and fusion proteins. The research conducted in this article examines a frequently identified fusion protein between FGFR3 and transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 (TACC3), frequently identified in glioblastoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, oral cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and cervical cancer. Using titanium dioxide–based phosphopeptide enrichment (TiO2)-liquid chromatography (LC)-high mass accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), it was demonstrated that the fused coiled-coil TACC3 domain results in constitutive phosphorylation of key activating FGFR3 tyrosine residues. The presence of the TACC coiled-coil domain leads to increased and altered levels of FGFR3 activation, fusion protein phosphorylation, MAPK pathway activation, nuclear localization, cellular transformation, and IL3-independent proliferation. Introduction of K508R FGFR3 kinase-dead mutation abrogates these effects, except for nuclear localization which is due solely to the TACC3 domain. Implications: These results demonstrate that FGFR3 kinase activity is essential for the oncogenic effects of the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein and could serve as a therapeutic target, but that phosphorylated tyrosine residues within the TACC3-derived portion are not critical for activity. Mol Cancer Res; 14(5); 458–69. ©2016 AACR.
Use of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptide (P-15) in the treatment isolated Class I gingival recession of defects: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND This study clinically evaluates the treatment outcome of coronally positioned flap (CPF) associated with anorganic bone mineral/peptide-15 (ABM/P-15) in terms of root coverage and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL) and bone height (BH) in isolated Class I gingival recession (GR) defects. METHODS Fifteen healthy subjects with bilateral and comparable Miller Class I GR defects were selected. The defects were randomly assigned either to the test group (CPF with ABM/P-15) or to the control group (CPF only). RESULTS Six months after surgery, a reduction in GR was observed in the test and control groups (2.20 ± 0.54 and 2.40 ± 0.80 mm, respectively; P <0.001) with no intergroup difference (P = 0.33). Complete root coverage was obtained in 10 and 11 defects in the test and control groups, respectively. In the test group 85.56% ± 21.69% and in the control group 90.00% ± 18.42% of the exposed root was covered. Although not clinically significant, a statistically greater increase in the gingival thickness was observed in the test group (0.03 mm; P = 0.01). CAL gain was significant in both groups (test group, 1.93 ± 0.44 mm; control group, 2.13 ± 1.15 mm; P <0.001) with no intergroup difference (P = 0.42). Intergroup and intragroup differences in width of keratinized tissue and BH were not significant (P ≥0.16). In the test group, a positive correlation was observed between BH at baseline and the reduction in GR (r = 0.56; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In isolated Class I GR defects, CPF associated with ABM/P-15 provided no significant difference in root coverage and CAL gain compared to CPF alone. In the ABM/P-15 group, a greater reduction in GR was associated with higher bone level at baseline.
Reasoning with data flows and policy propagation rules

Data-oriented systems and applications are at the centre of current developments of the World Wide Web. In these scenarios, assessing what policies propagate from the licenses of data sources to the output of a given data-intensive system is an important problem. Both policies and data flows can be described with Semantic Web languages. Although it is possible to define Policy Propagation Rules (PPR) by associating policies to data flow steps, this activity results in a huge number of rules to be stored and managed. In a recent paper, we introduced strategies for reducing the size of a PPR knowledge base by using an ontology of the possible relations between data objects, the Datanode ontology, and applying the (A)AAAA methodology, a knowledge engineering approach that exploits Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). In this article, we investigate whether this reasoning is feasible and how it can be performed. For this purpose, we study the impact of compressing a rule base associated with an inference mechanism on the performance of the reasoning process. Moreover, we report on an extension of the (A)AAAA methodology that includes a coherency check algorithm, that makes this reasoning possible. We show how this compression, in addition to being beneficial to the management of the knowledge base, also has a positive impact on the performance and resource requirements of the reasoning process for policy propagation.
Optimal perioperative anesthesia management for gynecologic interstitial brachytherapy

Purpose To propose an optimal perioperative pain management clinical care pathway for interstitial brachytherapy for gynecologic cancer based on our interdepartmental experience. Material and methods We conducted a retrospective review of 23 women who underwent 32 interstitial brachytherapy procedures for gynecological cancers, analyzing patient demographics, type of anesthetic, medications, postoperative pain scores, adverse events, and delays in discharge. We measured the association of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) with hydromorphone use, and postoperative pain scores and total narcotic administration with type of anesthesia. Results In 91% of patients postoperative pain was managed with an epidural infusion plus, as needed (PRN), IV or patient controlled analgesia (PCA) narcotics. The most common postoperative adverse event was PONV (53%), followed by delirium (22%). Hospital discharge was delayed, at least by one night, in 26% of patients. Use of a basal rate on the PCA was associated with all cases of delayed discharge from over-sedation and PONV. The use of 5 mg or more of intravenous (IV) hydromorphone during the first 24-hours postoperatively was associated with PONV (p = 0.01). Use of a basal PCA was associated with delirium (p = 0.03). Postoperative pain scores were not significantly associated with the type of anesthesia. Conclusions Interstitial gynecologic brachytherapy requires a multidisciplinary effort for optimal perioperative management. Our study outlines the appropriate preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative anesthesia clinical care pathway. Decreased narcotic use during hospitalization and utilization of a patient-directed infusion may decrease side effects and allow for a more efficient hospital discharge.
An Internet Wide View into DNS Lookup Patterns

This paper analyzes the DNS lookup patterns from a large authoritative top-level domain server and characterizes how the lookup patterns for unscrupulous domains may differ from those for legitimate domains. We examine domains for phishing attacks and spam and malware related domains, and see how these lookup patterns vary in terms of both their temporal and spatial characteristics. We ﬁnd that malicious domains tend to exhibit more variance in the networks that look up these domains, and we also ﬁnd that these domains become popular considerably more quickly after their initial registration time. We also note that miscreant domains exhibit distinct clusters, in terms to the networks that look up these domains. The distinct spatial and temporal characteristics of these domains, and their tendency to exhibit similar lookup behavior, suggests that it may be possible to ultimately develop more effective blacklisting techniques based on these differing lookup patterns.
SCD1 Expression Is Dispensable for Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by AKT and Ras Oncogenes in Mice

Increased de novo lipogenesis is one of the major metabolic events in cancer. In human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), de novo lipogenesis has been found to be increased and associated with the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling. In mice, overexpression of an activated form of AKT results in increased lipogenesis and hepatic steatosis, ultimately leading to liver tumor development. Hepatocarcinogenesis is dramatically accelerated when AKT is co-expressed with an oncogenic form of N-Ras. SCD1, the major isoform of stearoyl-CoA desaturases, catalyzing the conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), is a key enzyme involved in de novo lipogenesis. While many studies demonstrated the requirement of SCD1 for tumor cell growth in vitro, whether SCD1 is necessary for tumor development in vivo has not been previously investigated. Here, we show that genetic ablation of SCD1 neither inhibits lipogenesis and hepatic steatosis in AKT-overexpressing mice nor affects liver tumor development in mice co-expressing AKT and Ras oncogenes. Molecular analysis showed that SCD2 was strongly upregulated in liver tumors from AKT/Ras injected SCD1 -/- mice. Noticeably, concomitant silencing of SCD1 and SCD2 genes was highly detrimental for the growth of AKT/Ras cells in vitro. Altogether, our study provides the evidence, for the first time, that SCD1 expression is dispensable for AKT/mTOR-dependent hepatic steatosis and AKT/Ras-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Complete inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity may be required to efficiently suppress liver tumor development.
Characterization of a Mutant Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Toxin, LT(R192G/L211A), as a Safe and Effective Oral Adjuvant

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that the adjuvant properties of the heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli (LT) and Vibrio cholerae (CT) have been known for more than 20 years, there are no available oral vaccines containing these molecules as adjuvants, primarily because they are both very potent enterotoxins. A number of attempts with various degrees of success have been made to reduce or eliminate the enterotoxicity of LT and CT so they can safely be used as oral adjuvants or immunogens. In this report we characterize the structural, enzymatic, enterotoxic, and adjuvant properties of a novel mutant of LT, designated LT(R192G/L211A), or dmLT. dmLT was not sensitive to trypsin activation, had reduced enzymatic activity for induction of cyclic AMP in Caco-2 cells, and exhibited no enterotoxicity in the patent mouse assay. Importantly, dmLT retained the ability to function as an oral adjuvant for a coadministered antigen (tetanus toxoid) and to elicit anti-LT antibodies. In vitro and in vivo data suggest that the reduced enterotoxicity of this molecule compared to native LT or the single mutant, LT(R192G), is a consequence of increased sensitivity to proteolysis and rapid intracellular degradation in mammalian cells. In conclusion, dmLT is a safe and powerful detoxified enterotoxin with the potential to function as a mucosal adjuvant for coadministered antigens and to elicit anti-LT antibodies without undesirable side effects.