Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Kidney Injury Recognition and Management: A Review of the Literature and Current Evidence

Acute renal failure is defined as a rapid decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, occurring over a period of hours to days and by the inability of the kidney to regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis appropriately. AKI is a catastrophic, life-threatening event in critically ill patients. AKI can be divided into pre-renal injury, intrinsic kidney disease (including vascular insults) and obstructive uropathies. The prognosis of AKI is highly dependent on the underlying cause of the injury. Children who have AKI as a component of multisystem failure have a much higher mortality rate than children with intrinsic renal disease. Treatment of AKI is subjected to risk stratification and ongoing damage control measures, such as patients with sepsis, exposure to nephrotoxic agents, ischemia, bloody diarrhea, or volume loss, could be helped by optimizing the fluid administrations, antibiotics possessing least nephrotoxic potential, blood transfusion where hemoglobin is dangerously low, limiting the use of nephrotoxic agents including radio contrast use, while maximize the nutrition. Acute kidney injury remains a complex disorder with an apparent differentiation in pathology between septic and nonseptic forms of the disease. Although more studies are still required, progress in this area has been steady over the last decade with purposeful international collaboration.
Birth Weight, Postnatal Growth, and Risk for High Blood Pressure at 7 Years of Age: Results From the Collaborative Perinatal Project

OBJECTIVE. A physiologic predisposition toward hypertension is theorized to result from the combination of intrauterine growth restriction followed by rapid catch-up growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of birth weight and weight gain during childhood on the risk for high blood pressure in childhood and to identify discrete periods of catch-up growth that put children with intrauterine growth restriction at increased risk for the development of high blood pressure later in life. METHODS. The US Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959–1974) studied 55908 pregnancies in an observational cohort at 12 medical centers in the United States and followed the offspring through 7 years of age. All white or black children who were born at term and completed the follow-up without kidney or heart disease were included in this posthoc analysis. z scores were calculated for weight at birth, 4 months, 1 year, 4 years, and 7 years on the basis of study means and SD. Changes in z scores were calculated for each interval. RESULTS. Each 1-kg increase in birth weight increased the odds for high systolic blood pressure by 2.19 and high diastolic blood pressure by 1.82 when race and change in weight z scores were also included in the regression model. An increase in weight z score of 1 SD above the previous weight z score increased the odds for high systolic blood pressure at 7 years by 1.65 (birth to 4 months), 1.79 (4 months to 1 year), 1.71 (1–4 years), and 1.94 (4–7 years) in the full model. White race increased the odds for high systolic blood pressure by 1.51. CONCLUSIONS. In this large biracial US cohort, infants who were small for gestational age were not at increased risk for high blood pressure at 7 years of age. However, children who crossed weight percentiles upward during early childhood did demonstrate an increased risk.
Unpacking the Use of Social Media for Protest Behavior

Recent studies have shown a positive link between frequency of social media use and political participation. However, there has been no clear elaboration of how using social media translates into increased political activity. The current study examines three explanations for this relationship in the context of citizens’ protest behavior: information (social media as a source for news), opinion expression (using social media to express political opinions), and activism (joining causes and finding mobilizing information through social media). To test these relationships, the study uses survey data collected in Chile in 2011, amid massive demonstrations demanding wholesale changes in education and energy policy. Findings suggest that using social media for opinion expression and activism mediates the relationship between overall social media use and protest behavior. These findings deepen our knowledge of the uses and effects of social media and provide new evidence on the role of digital platforms as facilitators of direct political action.
Phylogenetic analysis of Petunia sensu Jussieu (Solanaceae) using chloroplast DNA RFLP.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The phylogenetic relationships of Petunia sensu Jussieu (Petunia sensu Wijsman plus Calibrachoa) are unclear. This study aimed to resolve this uncertainty using molecular evidence. METHODS Phylogenetic trees of 52 taxa of Petunia sensu Jussieu were constructed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of chloroplast DNA digested with 19 restriction enzymes and hybridized with 12 cloned Nicotiana chloroplast DNA fragments as probes. KEY RESULTS In all, 89 phylogenetically informative RFLPs were detected and one 50 % majority consensus tree was obtained, using the maximum parsimony method, and one distance matrix tree, using the neighbour joining method. Petunia sensu Wijsman and Calibrachoa were monophyletic sister clades in both trees. Calibrachoa parviflora and C. pygmaea, previously thought to differ from the other species in terms of their cross-compatibility, seed morphology, and nuclear DNA content, formed a basal clade that was sister to the remainder of Calibrachoa. Several clades found in the phylogenetic trees corresponded to their distribution ranges, suggesting that recent speciation in the genus Petunia sensu Jussieu occurred independently in several different regions. CONCLUSIONS The separation of Petunia sensu Wijsman and Calibrachoa was supported by chloroplast DNA analysis. Two groups in the Calibrachoa were also recognized with a high degree of confidence.
Total Dose Effects and Bias Instabilities of (NH4)2S Passivated Ge MOS Capacitors With HfxZr1–xOy Thin Films

The effects of biased irradiation on Ge MOS capacitors with Hf<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>Zr<sub>1–<italic>x</italic></sub>O<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> (0.43 < <italic>x</italic> < 1) gate dielectrics have been investigated. These devices were irradiated by a 662-KeV Cs<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{137} \gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray radiation source with 0.5 or –0.5 V gate bias. Prior to irradiation exposure, leakage behavior and bias-instability of Hf<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>Zr<sub>1–<italic>x</italic></sub>O<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> films were also examined. Gate leakage current density increases with the increasing of Zr composition in gate oxide. In addition, Zr-containing dielectrics under positive bias (PB) exhibited more oxide negative trapped charges than that of HfO<sub>2</sub>, which suggested that the oxygen-vacancy concentration in Hf<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>Zr<sub>1–<italic>x</italic></sub>O<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> was increased by the addition of Zr. Larger flat-band voltage shifts (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta V_{\mathrm {FB}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> were extracted under positive biased irradiation than the bias only results. The results indicate that radiation-induced interface traps (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta N_{\mathrm {it}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are the dominant factor for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta V_{\mathrm {FB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in HfO<sub>2</sub> thin films, whereas the radiation response for Zr-containing dielectrics under PB was mainly due to oxide traps. Under negative biased irradiation, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta V_{\mathrm {FB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was attributed to the combined effect of the net oxide trapped charges and the passivation of Ge dangling bonds at the Ge/high-k interface. Additionally, both bias-induced and radiation-induced charge trapping have a crucial effect on radiation response of Hf<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>Zr<sub>1–<italic>x</italic></sub>O<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> at each dose level. Hf<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>Zr<sub>1–<italic>x</italic></sub>O<sub><italic>y</italic></sub> is identified as a promising gate dielectric for advanced complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technologies.
Changes in behavior and in brain glucose metabolism in rats after nine weeks on a high fat diet: a randomized controlled trial

Background A high-fat diet (HFD) is a well-known risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease but the relationship between a HFD and depressive symptoms remains unknown. Objective Compare changes in behavioral and measures of brain glucose metabolism in rats fed a HFD to those of rats fed a standard diet. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a study group (n=10) that received a high fat diet for 9 weeks or a control group (n=10) that received a standard diet for 9 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the 9-week trial assessments included body weight, serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), the sucrose preference test, and the open field test. The rate of brain glucose metabolism in different brain regions (assessed using micro-positron emission tomography) at the end of the trial was also compared between the two groups of rats. Results Nine weeks of a HFD in rats resulted in the expected increase in weight and changes in serum lipid levels, but it was also associated with a decreased preference for sucrose (which may be due to a loss of interest in pleasurable activities), increased weight-adjusted water intake, and a significant deactivation of the right thalamus and right striatum (based on decreased rates of glucose metabolism). In the HFD group the magnitude of the drop in the sucrose preference was strongly correlated to the magnitude of the deactivation of the right thalamus (r=0.78) and the right striatum (r=0.81). Conclusions These findings support hypotheses about the role of a HFD in the causal pathway for depressive symptoms. Further work is needed to clarify the underling mechanism, but it appears that the interaction between the content of the diet and the limbic system-striatum-thalamus circuit plays a role in both eating behavior and depressive symptoms.
Dialogs taking into account experience, emotions and personality

This paper describes the DEEP project (Dialogs taking into account Experience, Emotions and Personality, adapted to computer games), which started in June 2006. The aim of the project is to provide generic solutions for the integration of autonomous Non Player Characters (NPCs) in next-generation adventure games. DEEP NPCs, equipped with a personality and a believable emotional engine, will use context-based information from the game environment and the player behavior to provide entertaining, rich and relevant dialogs.
[Eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3-HERG transfection inhibits angiotensin II induced neonatal rabbit ventricular myocyte hypertrophy in vitro].

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3-HERG transfection on angiotensin II (Ang II) induced myocyte hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rabbit ventricular myocytes. METHODS Neonatal rabbit ventricular myocytes and eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3-HERG transfected ventricular myocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's-modified Eagle medium (DMEM), containing 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 6 h, then stimulated with Ang II (10(-7) mol/L) for 48 h. Control ventricular myocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's-modified Eagle medium (DMEM), containing 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 54 h. At 6 and 54 h, myocyte hypertrophic parameters including myocyte volume, total protein content and membrane capacitance, action potential duration (APD) and Calcineurin (CaN) activity were measured. RESULTS Compared to control myocytes, APD at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) was prolonged by 19.8% (P < 0.01), without signs of myocyte hypertrophy at 6 h post Ang II stimulation, APD(90) was prolonged by 22.1% (P < 0.01), myocyte volume, total protein content and membrane capacitance and CaN activity were significantly increased by 40.4%, 40.4%, 38.2% and 114.7% respectively (all P < 0.01) at 48 h after Ang II stimulation. HERG gene transfection upregulated I(HERG) tail current (3.6-fold higher than I(Kr)-rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current, P < 0.01). HERG gene transfection also accelerated and repolarization and a shortened APD(90) and inhibited myocyte hypertrophy and CaN activation induced by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS Ang II induced prolongation of APD(90) is directly associated with myocyte hypertrophy by increasing the Ca(2+) influx and resulting in the increment of intracellular Ca(2+) and activation of CaN reaction pathway.
A virtual connection between past and present: The digital revival of Cham's Architecture (Vietnam)

The traditional approach for understanding an archaeological site, mainly focused on excavations and stratigraphic examination of findings through the archaeological analysis, is still the main way for hypothesizing its most probable interpretation. As demonstrated in several case studies 3D digital acquisition techniques may greatly help for applications such as site and findings documentation, digital stratigraphy, 3D GIS or virtual interaction between experts. In addition, an accurate geometrical representation in digital form may be used, once integrated by archaeological considerations, as a starting point for creating virtual reconstructions of the site, embedding the most probable hypotheses. However, this last step might be critical for a apparently trivial reason: with very few exceptions the archaeological skill for interpreting some ruins and the technological skill for 3D modeling the corresponding site reconstruction are owned by different individuals or group of scholars. The aim of this paper is to describe a widespread 3D documentation of a site and a possible reconstruction process step by step, starting from a laser scan survey and a set of historical documents, focusing on a reasonable multi-disciplinary concurrent interaction to reach the best virtual reconstruction solutions. This path may help both archaeologists to better focus their thoughts through a detailed visual representation, and the technological experts to avoid misleading details in the final virtual reconstruction. The case study regards a group of Cham temples located in the My Son site, an UNESCO archeological area in Vietnam.
Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation.

From the Publisher: In recent years, debate on the state's economic role has too often devolved into diatribes against intervention. Peter Evans questions such simplistic views, offering a new vision of why state involvement works in some cases and produces disasters in others. To illustrate, he looks at how state agencies, local entrepreneurs, and transnational corporations shaped the emergence of computer industries in Brazil, India, and Korea during the seventies and eighties. Evans starts with the idea that states vary in the way they are organized and tied to society. In some nations, like Zaire, the state is predatory, ruthlessly extracting and providing nothing of value in return. In others, like Korea, it is developmental, promoting industrial transformation. In still others, like Brazil and India, it is in-between, sometimes helping, sometimes hindering. Evans's years of comparative research on the successes and failures of state involvement in the process of industrialization have here been crafted into a persuasive and entertaining work, which demonstrates that successful state action requires an understanding of its own limits, a realistic relationship to the global economy, and the combination of coherent internal organization and close links to society that Evans calls "embedded autonomy. "
Delineation of AbrB-binding sites on the Bacillus subtilis spo0H, kinB, ftsAZ, and pbpE promoters and use of a derived homology to identify a previously unsuspected binding site in the bsuB1 methylase promote

DNase I footprinting experiments showed that AbrB binds to the regulatory regions of the spo0H, kinB, ftsAZ, and pbpE genes. A conserved motif was found in these and other AbrB-binding sites. A search for Bacillus subtilis DNA sequences containing this motif led to the prediction that AbrB would bind to the promoter controlling the bsuB1 methylase gene. DNase I footprinting experiments confirmed this prediction.
Mobility prediction for seamless mobility in wireless networks

One of the requirements for seamless mobility is efficient resource reservation and context transfer procedures during handoff. If context transfer and resource reservation can occur prior to handoff continuation of the same level of service as at the previous connection point is possible. Resource reservation is required to be non-aggressive for optimal use of limited bandwidth and a low call-blocking probability. In this work we present a method of mobility prediction that can aid in achieving seamless mobility. In order to optimise the efficiency of a resource reservation algorithm we believe accurate prediction of the future movements of the user is required.
Supplemental Information Assessing the Risk of International Spread of Yellow Fever Virus : A Mathematical Analysis of an Urban Outbreak in Asunción , 2008

Michael A. Johansson, Neysarı́ Arana-Vizcarrondo, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Nancy Gallagher, Nina Marano, and J. Erin Staples Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Performance and cost metrics analysis of a 3D NoC topology using network calculus

The packet switching based Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an obvious interconnect design alternative to the shared bus, crossbar or ring based on-chip communication architecture used in System-on-Chips (SoCs). The advent of the three dimensional NoC (3D NoC) architecture attracts added interest as it offers improved performance and shorter global interconnect. In the 3D NoC architecture, topology plays a vital role in determining the performance of the interconnect architecture. The performance and cost metrics of the 3D NoC topology are evaluated by using simulation in general. However, analytical models provide more insights on how the traffic related parameters influence the performance of the topology. In this paper, the traffic related parameters of a 3D NoC topology, namely 3D Recursive Network Topology (3D RNT) are evaluated by using network calculus based methodology and the results of the evaluation are compared against the results produced using simulation.
Does methylmercury have a role in causing developmental disabilities in children?

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that in high exposures can cause mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and seizures. The developing brain appears particularly sensitive to MeHg. Exposure levels in pregnant experimental animals that do not result in detectable signs or symptoms in the mother can adversely affect the offspring's development. Studies of human poisonings suggest this may also occur in humans. Human exposure to MeHg is primarily dietary through the consumption of fish: MeHg is present in all fresh and saltwater fish. Populations that depend on fish as a major source of dietary protein may achieve MeHg exposure levels hypothesized to adversely affect brain development. Increasing mercury levels in the environment have heightened concerns about dietary exposure and a possible role for MeHg in developmental disabilities. Follow-up studies of an outbreak of MeHg poisoning in Iraq revealed a dose-response relationship for prenatal MeHg exposure. That relationship suggested that prenatal exposure as low as 10 ppm (measured in maternal hair growing during pregnancy) could adversely affect fetal brain development. However, using the same end points as were used in the Iraq study, no associations have been reported in fish-eating populations. Using a more extensive range of developmental end points, some studies of populations consuming seafood have reported associations with prenatal MeHg exposure, whereas others have found none. This paper reviews the data presently available associating MeHg exposure with development and poses some of the unanswered questions in this field. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2
Maximization of average number of rewriting of ILIFC with inversion operation

The Index-less Indexed Flash Code (ILIFC) is a coding scheme for flash memories, in which one bit of a data sequence is stored in a slice consisting of several cells but the index of the bit is stored implicitly. Although the code rate of the scheme is not good, the scheme uses the cell state space very efficiently. Many modified ILIFC schemes have been proposed. One of them is an ILIFC with inversion operation. The scheme reduces an increase of the sum of changes of cell levels at each rewriting request. In this paper we analyze the scheme and show that the analytic results coincide with simulation results for many cases.
New efficient speed-up scheme for cascade implementation of SVM classifier

For intelligent vehicle applications, detecting pedestrian technique must be robust and perform in real time. In pedestrian detection, support vector machine (SVM) is one of the popular classifiers because of its robust performance. In this paper, we propose the new method to implement cascade SVM that enables fast rejection of negative samples. The proposed method is tested with INRIA person dataset and show better rejection performance of negative samples than conventional method.
Single-zone Diesel PPC modeling for control

Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is a combustion concept with similarities to both Diesel and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion. It provides a combustion mode with better controllability than HCCI without increasing the emissions of nitrogen oxides and soot to the level of traditional Diesel engines. The model described in this paper aims to describe the main features of Diesel PPC combustion within the closed part of an engine cycle. It is a single-zone model including heat losses to the cylinder walls as well as fuel evaporation losses. The simulation framework used allows optimization problems to be formulated based on the model equations. The overarching goal of this modeling is to be able to use the model explicitly for optimization.