Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Efficient Machine Learning for Educational Content Creation

Machine Learning has revolutionized education by offering numerous practical applications. One such application is Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems in the field of education, which hold immense social importance. These systems have the potential to make information accessible to diverse users in multilingual societies. By effectively translating audio, video, and textual content into vernacular languages, NMT systems greatly assist both students and teachers. However, when it comes to translating higher education or technical textbooks and courses, it becomes crucial for MT systems to adhere closely to the specific lexicon of the source and target domains. In this tutorial, we present our approach and framework to enable domain-aware translation without the need for parallel domain corpus. We will demonstrate several use-cases and applications that is widely used by hundreds of translators. We will also present our post-editing tool that assists translators in quickly correcting the machine translated text and reduce the cognitive load of users.
Subnanometer structure of medusavirus capsid during maturation using cryo-electron microscopy

Medusavirus is a giant virus classified into an independent family of Mamonoviridae. Medusavirus-infected amoebae release immature particles in addition to the virions. These particles were suggested to exhibit the maturation process of this virus, but the structure of these capsids during maturation remains unknown. Here, we applied a block-based reconstruction method in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single particle analysis to these viral capsids, extending these resolutions to 7-10 Å. The map revealed a novel network consisted of minor capsid proteins (mCPs), supporting major capsid proteins (MCPs). A predicted molecular model of the MCP fitted into the cryo-EM map clarified the boundaries between the MCP and the underlining mCPs and between the MCP and the outer spikes, identifying the molecular interactions between the MCP and these components. Several structural changes of mCPs were observed beneath the 5-fold vertices of immature particles, depending on the presence or absence of the underlying internal membrane. Furthermore, the lower part of penton proteins on the 5-fold vertices were also lost in the mature virions. These dynamic structural changes of mCPs exhibit important functions in the maturation process of medusavirus. Importance Structural changes in giant virus capsids during maturation have not been known. Medusavirus is a unique giant virus, where amoebae infected with the virus release immature particles in addition to mature virions. In this study, immature and mature medusavirus particles were investigated using cryo-electron microscopy, and firstly reported the structural changes in the viral capsid during maturation. In DNA empty particles, the conformation of the minor capsid proteins dynamically changed depending on the presence or absence of the underlying internal membranes. In DNA full particles, the lower part of the penton proteins was lost. These are the first report of the structural changes in the viral capsid during giant virus maturation.
Insects visit Fusarium xyrophilum pseudoflowers on the host Xyris surinamensis (Xyridaceae) and carry fungal DNA on their bodies

The fungus Fusarium xyrophilum produces flower-like structures (i.e., pseudoflowers) that were recently discovered on yellow-eyed grasses (Xyris spp.) in Guyana. It is unknown whether these pseudoflowers, which are composed entirely of fungal tissue, are true mimics that attract insects as a means of fungal dispersal. We evaluated the potential of F. xyrophilum to affect insect visitation patterns to flowers and pseudoflowers by 1) documenting insect visitation to X. surinamensis in Guyana, 2) measuring the presence of F. xyrophilum DNA on insects, and 3) evaluating fluorescence and volatile production on flowers and pseudoflowers. We report for the first time Vespidae, Formicidae, Salticidae, Acrididae, and Tetrigidae visiting Xyris. Diverse insects, including Conocephalini spp. (meadow katydids; Tettigoniidae), Camponotus spp. (carpenter ants; Formicidae), and a Geometridae sp. (geometer moths) were found to visit flowers and pseudoflowers. Fusarium xyrophilum DNA was detected on 3/12 (25%) of captured insect bodies using conventional and quantitative PCR. Volatiles produced in the field by pseudoflowers and flowers were similar, except for the presence of a sesquiterpene, putatively identified here as α-gurjunene, which was detected both in F. xyrophilum pure cultures and field-collected pseudoflower samples, but not from flowers. The production of this sesquiterpene by F. xyrophilum and the fluorescence of X. surinamensis peduncles represent potential signals involved in insect attraction for this system. These observations, along with the overlap in insect visitors of flowers and pseudoflowers and the detection of F. xyrophilum DNA on insect bodies, are consistent with insect visitors being vectors of Xyris pollen and F. xyrophilum propagules between host plants.
Decoding auditory working memory content from EEG aftereffects of auditory-cortical TMS

Working memory (WM), short term maintenance of information for goal directed behavior, is essential to human cognition. Identifying the neural mechanisms supporting WM is a focal point of neuroscientific research. One prominent theory hypothesizes that WM content is carried in a dynamic fashion, involving an “activity-silent” brain state based on synaptic facilitation. Information carried in such activity-silent brain states could be decodable from content-specific changes in responses to unrelated “impulse stimuli”. A potential method for such impulses is single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with its focal, precise nature. Here, we tested the activity-silent model by combining TMS/EEG and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) with a non-conceptual auditory WM task that employed parametric ripple sound stimuli and a retro-cue design. Our MVPA employed between-subject cross-validation and robust non- parametric permutation testing. The decoding accuracy of WM content significantly increased after a single pulse TMS was delivered to the posterior superior temporal cortex during WM maintenance. Our results are compatible with the theory that WM maintenance involves brain states which are effectively “activity-silent” relative to other intrinsic processes visible in the EEG signal. Single-pulse TMS combined with MVPA could provide a powerful way to decode information content of “activity-silent” brain states involved in WM.
Throughput-Delay Analysis of a Multichannel Wireless Access Protocol in the Presence of Rayleigh Fading

In this paper, we analyze the effect of bursty packet losses, caused by correlation in the multipath fading process, on the throughput and delay performance of a multichannel wireless access protocol. equal-capacity, orthogonal, traffic channels are shared by mobile users ( ) on the uplink (mobile-to-base station link). Transmission attempts on the uplink are made based on the busy/idle status of the receivers, which is broadcast by the base station, in every slot, on the downlink (base station-to-mobile link). Following a Markov chain analysis, we derive the analytical expressions for the average per channel throughput and the mean message transfer delay. Simulation results are shown to verify the analysis. We compare the effect of Doppler bandwidth on the performance of the protocol without link layer error recovery and a modified version of the protocol that employs a ‘persist-until-success’ link layer retransmission strategy to recover erroneous data packets. This work was partially supported by TRW, Airtouch, the Center for Wireless Communications at the University of California, San Diego, and the MICRO Program of the State of California. This paper was presented in part at the IEEE International Conference on Universal Personal Communications, San Diego, October 1997. A. Chockalingam is with Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, INDIA. W. Xu is with Nokia Mobile Phones, Inc., 9605 Scranton Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. M. Zorzi is with Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara, ITALY. L. B. Milstein is with Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. A. Chockalingam et al.: Throughput-Delay Analysis of a Multichannel Access Protocol 2
Modeling of river hydrodynamics and active cap effectiveness in the Anacostia River

Acknowledgements As with any undertaking I have ever attempted in my life, there is no way that I could have completed this endeavor without the assistance of numerous family and friends. Whether providing professional guidance, assistance, or moral support, you have all made this research and its culmination, this thesis, possible. I cannot thank you all enough. To all my friends: thank you for providing the numerous social diversions that I have come to enjoy so much. Without all of you, I would have probably graduated much sooner. Willson: thank you for your endless, beneficial guidance and support. Although I am proud to have had you all as advisors, I am most proud to call you friends. To my family: thank you for having shown me the true meaning of love and devotion. For having put up with my incessant need for assistance I am eternally indebted. To Kyle: for having been my closest friend and confidant, thank you. You have shown me the true meaning of adversity and perseverance, of will and determination. Abstract The Anacostia Active Capping Project (AACP) is a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) funded initiative to develop and implement, on a field scale, active capping barrier technologies. Overseen by the Hazardous Substance Research Center, South and Southwest (HSRC), the AACP plans to demonstrate the ability of active capping barrier technologies to prevent the migration of contaminants from the sediment bed to the overlying water column of the Anacostia River. The demonstration project will involve the placement and monitoring of four individual types of capping materials (apatite, Aquablok, coke breeze, and sand) and the monitoring of one control (i.e. uncapped) area. An integral part of this capping/monitoring effort will be the use of the Model for the Assessment and Remediation of Sediments (MARS) to project long term cap stability and effectiveness. Developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), MARS allows for the modeling of river hydrodynamics, sediment transport, chemical fate/transport, and contaminated sediment remediation with one stand-alone model. It is the object of this research to not only model river characteristics and cap effectiveness but to also identify those areas of the MARS model which could benefit from revisions to allow for future active capping barrier simulations. Model projections illustrate the demonstration area as being a zone of sediment deposition during normal flow events. Furthermore, MARS predicts Aquablok and coke breeze as being the …
T Application of MES System in the Safety Management of Offshore Oil and Gas Fields

In order to solve the problem of data island in the safety management of offshore oil and gas fields, take full advantage of data for subsequent analysis and development, and support production safety management of oil and gas fields, the MES, which is maturely applied in manufacturing and downstream production of CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation), is introduced by the petroleum administration at the eastern South China sea. The system adopts the real-time database and relational database to collect the scattered structured data, such as evidence information of offshore oil and gas production facilities personnel, on-site hidden danger information and incident investigation report. Then a unified secure data center platform is established for every operating area and production site, and the critical safety data of production sites can be centrally managed. This system has the functions of lawful real-time supervision of personnel qualification, online supervision and trend analysis of hidden dangers, and centralized management and sharing of incident investigation report. By applying the MES system in security management, the process of safety service becomes standardized and modularized, the management process becomes normalized, and the efficiency and effect of overall management is improved.
Estrogen deficiency reduces maximal running capacity and affects serotonin levels differently in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens in response to acute exercise

Objective Estrogen deficiency is associated with unfavorable changes in body composition and metabolic health. While physical activity ameliorates several of the negative effects, loss of ovarian function is associated with decreased physical activity levels. It has been proposed that the changes in brain neurochemical levels and /or impaired skeletal muscle function may underlie this phenomenon. Methods We studied the effect of estrogen deficiency induced via ovariectomy (OVX) in female Wistar rats (n=64). Rats underwent either sham or OVX surgery and were allocated thereafter into four groups matched for body mass and maximal running capacity: sham/control, sham/max, OVX/control, and OVX/max, of which the max groups had maximal running test before euthanasia to induce acute response to exercise. Metabolism, spontaneous activity, and maximal running capacity were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) the surgeries. Three months following the surgery, rats were euthanized, and blood and tissue samples harvested. Proteins were analyzed from gastrocnemius muscle and retroperitoneal adipose tissue via Western blot. Brain neurochemical markers were measured from nucleus accumbens (NA) and hippocampus (HC) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Results OVX had lower basal energy expenditure and higher body mass and retroperitoneal adipose tissue mass compared with sham group (p≤0.005). OVX reduced maximal running capacity by 17% (p=0.005) with no changes in muscle mass or phosphorylated form of regulatory light chain (pRLC) in gastrocnemius muscle. OVX was associated with lower serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) level in the NA compared with sham (p=0.007). In response to acute exercise, OVX was associated with low serotonin level in the HC and high level in the NA (p≤0.024). Conclusions Our results highlight that OVX reduces maximal running capacity and affects the response of brain neurochemical levels to acute exercise in a brain region-specific manner. These results may offer mechanistic insight into why OVX reduces willingness to exercise.
Dynamic simulations of novel oligomers containing fluorinated segments

Nowadays, many fluorinated polymers are designed for novel applications. Computational studies are very important in understanding their properties from a theoretical point of view. In this thesis, we carry out computer simulations of linear and graft fluorinated polymers at the quantum level as well as the atomistic and mesoscopic scales. The semiempirical quantum mechanical approach can not optimize the structureof the polymers to their global minima of the potential energy surface and is not an appropriate method for conformational search analysis of the long chain polymers. On the other hand, it can be used to predict 13C chemical shifts and heats of formation. We performed MD simulations on bulk linear fluorinated polymers under external electric field to investigate the effects of strong electric field on the conformational properties of the polymers. Cyanide functional groups in the polymer are aligned along the applied electric field due to their polarity. A total alignment of the cyanide groups is observed only at electric fields on the order of 1011 V/m. We observe that polarization increases with increased electric field and density of the system. We also used two mesoscale simulation methods, Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) and MesoDyn, to simulate the polymer-solvent mesophase morphologies of the graft and fluorinated polymers at different concentrations. It is observed that both polymers have spherical morphology in an aprotic solvent. Although DPD and MesoDyn use different approaches for the simulation of mesoscale structures, they give similar results and can be used interchangeably to predict three-dimensional phase behaviour. We predict that the wettability of the linear polymers should be higher than that of the graft, and this is in accordance with experimental findings on these systems.
Methane Emissions in Spanish Saline Lakes: Current Rates, Temperature and Salinity Responses, and Evolution under Different Climate Change Scenarios

Wetlands are among the most biologically active ecosystems on Earth, playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. Methane production in wetlands, resulting from anaerobic respiration of organic matter, accounts for an important part of natural sources of methane. In this work, we have evaluated the methane release rates of saline shallow lakes located in Central Spain, some of which maintain natural conditions, whereas others are hydrologically altered, with lowered salinity, or even presenting trophic alterations. We used sediment core plus water incubations to determine the release of methane from the studied lakes to the atmosphere, integrating both diffusion and ebullition processes, as well as the effects of temperature and salinity on methane production. The studied hypersaline lakes released methane at rates within the lowest range reported for temperate lakes and wetlands, whereas in hydrologically altered lakes that have dropped their salinity these rates were markedly higher. Models built with the specific response of methane release rates to temperature regarding the temperature changes expected according to the RCP climate scenarios predicted significant increases of these rates for the future, which could almost double current methane release for some of the studied lakes under the most pessimistic mitigation scenario (RCP8.5).
A Study on the Mediating Effect of Attitude on the Relationship between Past Behaviour, Hopeless, Financial Literacy, Anxiety, and Intention to Invest in Stock Market

: I nvestment avenues are many, however, investors are cautious about investing in stock markets. Many factors influence their decision to invest in stock markets. This study captures the relationship between factors such as financial literacy, anxiety, hopelessness and past behaviour and intent to invest. A questionnaire was developed using items adopted from the standardised questionnaire. A convenience sampling method was used to collect the data. The data were collected from investors in Chennai. Past behaviour and anxiety were, directly and indirectly, influencing the intent to invest. Financial literacy and hopelessness were partially mediated by attitude. This implies that social exertion may be a factor in why Indian investors invest primarily in the stock market. Financial literacy has a significant effect on the attitude. To reduce hopelessness and Anxiety, financial literacy plays an important role. Educating the investors is crucial to changing the mindset and relieving anxiety and hopelessness among Indian investors.
“I Deleted It After the Overturn of Roe v. Wade”: Understanding Women’s Privacy Concerns Toward Period-Tracking Apps in the Post Roe v. Wade Era

The overturn of Roe v. Wade has taken away the constitutional right to abortion. Prior work shows that period-tracking apps’ data practices can be used to detect pregnancy and abortion, hence putting women at risk of being prosecuted. It is unclear how much women know about the privacy practices of such apps and how concerned they are after the overturn. Such knowledge is critical to designing effective strategies for stakeholders to enhance women’s reproductive privacy. We conducted an online 183-participant vignette survey with US women from states with diverse policies on abortion. Participants were significantly concerned about the privacy practices of the period-tracking apps, such as data access by law enforcement and third parties. However, participants felt unin-formed and powerless about risk mitigation practices. We provide several recommendations to enhance women’s privacy awareness toward their period-tracking practices.
The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Overparenting and Narcissism in Iranian College Students

Objectives Overparenting or “helicopter parenting” has an impact on the basic psychological needs of children, which can be related to narcissism in adults. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the relationship between overparenting and narcissism in Iranian college students. Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of all master degree students of the University of Tehran in 2021-2022, of whom 278 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The collection tools included Desi and Ryan’s Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale, LeMoyne and Buchanan’s helicopter parenting scale, and Ames et al.’s Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16. Relationships between variables were assessed using Pearson correlation test and SEM in SPSS software, version 27 and Amos version 24. Results The basic psychological need satisfaction play a mediating role in the relationship between overparenting and narcissism (P<0.05). Overparenting had a positive and significant relationship with narcissism (P<0.05) and a significant negative relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction. There was a significant negative correlation between basic psychological need satisfaction and narcissism (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health specialists should pay special attention to the role of overparenting in the quality of providing basic psychological needs to prevent the formation of narcissistic personality disorder in people.
Midnight flash model of energetic neutral atom periodicities at Saturn

The Ion Neutral Camera on the Cassini spacecraft made images of energetic H atoms (25–55 keV) over a 3 day span in 2017. The images were projected onto the equatorial plane of Saturn, and a keogram was made by interpolating the projections in local time at 9 RS (1 RS = 60268 km). The keogram intensities show strong periodicities near the 10.79 h period of Saturn's energetic particles and exhibit a slope commensurate with corotation at that period. These periodic fluxes intensify near midnight but are weaker near noon. A “midnight flash” model can explain this behavior in terms of a searchlight rotating at 10.79 h that intensifies in the midnight sector. The model can also describe similar activity in Saturn's kilometric radiation and magnetic fields, although the “flash” must be shifted to the dawn‐to‐noon sector.