Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Predictors of Depression and Poor Quality of Life among Patients with Type-2 Diabetes: A Northern India Perspective

Background and Aims: Globally, depression has been linked to Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, similar data from India are scant. This study evaluated the occurrence and predictors of depression and health-related quality of life (QOL) in patients with T2DM as compared to healthy controls.Materials and Methods: One hundred adults with T2DM without prior diagnosis of depression and 100 matched controls were evaluated. Depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. World Health Organization QOL Brief (WHO-QOL-BREF) was used to assess QOL. Demography, anthropometry, biochemical parameters of diabetes control, and microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients were recorded. Results: Depression was significantly more common in T2DM (63%) as compared to controls (48%) (odds ratio [OR] - 1.84 [1.04, 3.24]; P = 0.03). In T2DM, depression was higher in patients with disease duration >5 years (OR = 2.66; P = 0.02), glycated hemoglobin >7% (OR = 3.45; P = 0.004), retinopathy (OR - 3.56; P = 0.03), and nephropathy (OR - 4.11; P = 0.07). Occurrence of depression was significantly higher among the patients with macrovascular complications, namely, coronary artery disease (17.4%; P = 0.000006), cerebrovascular disease (14.2%; P = 0.0006), and peripheral vascular disease (7.9%; P = 0.05). Insulin users had higher depression as compared to patients using only oral antihyperglycemic medications (P = 0.034). Patient with depression had significantly low QOL. The WHO-QOL for all the domains was significantly lower in T2DM with microvascular and macrovascular complications, as compared to those without. Conclusion: Indian T2DM had higher prevalence of depression and lower QOL as compared to controls, which was associated with poor glycemic control and higher end-organ damage. Public health measures are required to create more awareness for managing depression in diabetes.
Joint Transmit Antenna Selection and Power Allocation for ISDF Relaying Mobile-to-Mobile Sensor Networks

The outage probability (OP) performance of multiple-relay incremental-selective decode-and-forward (ISDF) relaying mobile-to-mobile (M2M) sensor networks with transmit antenna selection (TAS) over N-Nakagami fading channels is investigated. Exact closed-form OP expressions for both optimal and suboptimal TAS schemes are derived. The power allocation problem is formulated to determine the optimal division of transmit power between the broadcast and relay phases. The OP performance under different conditions is evaluated via numerical simulation to verify the analysis. These results show that the optimal TAS scheme has better OP performance than the suboptimal scheme. Further, the power allocation parameter has a significant influence on the OP performance.
Ox40 Costimulation Enhances the Development of T Cell Responses Induced by Dendritic Cells In Vivo

Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived APCs that display unique properties aimed at stimulating naive T cells. Several members of the TNF/TNFR families have been implicated in T cell functions. In this study, we examined the role that Ox40 costimulation might play on the ability of DCs to regulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. Administration of anti-mouse Ox40 mAb enhanced the Th response induced by immunization with Ag-pulsed DCs, and introduced a bias toward a Th1 immune response. However, anti-Ox40 treatment enhanced the production of Th2 cytokines in IFN-γ−/− mice after immunization with Ag-pulsed DCs, suggesting that the production of IFN-γ during the immune response could interfere with the development of Th2 lymphocytes induced by DCs. Coadministration of anti-Ox40 with DCs during Ag rechallenge enhanced both Th1 and Th2 responses induced during a primary immunization with DCs, and did not reverse an existing Th2 response. This suggests that Ox40 costimulation amplifies an ongoing immune response, regardless of Th differentiation potential. In an OVA-TCR class II-restricted adoptive transfer system, anti-Ox40 treatment greatly enhanced the level of cytokine secretion per Ag-specific CD4+ T cell induced by immunization with DCs. In an OVA-TCR class I-restricted adoptive transfer system, administration of anti-Ox40 strongly enhanced expansion, IFN-γ secretion, and cytotoxic activity of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells induced by immunization with DCs. Thus, by enhancing immune responses induced by DCs in vivo, the Ox40 pathway might be a target for immune intervention in therapeutic settings that use DCs as Ag-delivery vehicles.
Fgf8 Regulates the Development of Intra-Neocortical Projections

The process of generating functionally distinct neocortical areas requires the formation of an intra-neocortical connectivity map. Here, we explore the early development of murine intra-neocortical projections and find that axons from rostral and caudal neurons remain, respectively, within large rostral and caudal domains of the neonatal neocortex. Despite evidence that thalamic input can regulate neocortical areal properties, we found that the neonatal intra-neocortical projection pattern was not perturbed when thalamic input was absent in Gbx2 mutants. On the contrary, in Fgf8 hypomorphic mutants, the rostral neocortex of which acquires more caudal molecular properties, caudally located neurons ectopically project axons into the rostral cortex. Therefore, neocortical patterning by Fgf8 also contributes to arealization through mediating early development of intra-neocortical connectivity.
Is My Network Module Preserved and Reproducible?

In many applications, one is interested in determining which of the properties of a network module change across conditions. For example, to validate the existence of a module, it is desirable to show that it is reproducible (or preserved) in an independent test network. Here we study several types of network preservation statistics that do not require a module assignment in the test network. We distinguish network preservation statistics by the type of the underlying network. Some preservation statistics are defined for a general network (defined by an adjacency matrix) while others are only defined for a correlation network (constructed on the basis of pairwise correlations between numeric variables). Our applications show that the correlation structure facilitates the definition of particularly powerful module preservation statistics. We illustrate that evaluating module preservation is in general different from evaluating cluster preservation. We find that it is advantageous to aggregate multiple preservation statistics into summary preservation statistics. We illustrate the use of these methods in six gene co-expression network applications including 1) preservation of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in mouse tissues, 2) comparison of human and chimpanzee brain networks, 3) preservation of selected KEGG pathways between human and chimpanzee brain networks, 4) sex differences in human cortical networks, 5) sex differences in mouse liver networks. While we find no evidence for sex specific modules in human cortical networks, we find that several human cortical modules are less preserved in chimpanzees. In particular, apoptosis genes are differentially co-expressed between humans and chimpanzees. Our simulation studies and applications show that module preservation statistics are useful for studying differences between the modular structure of networks. Data, R software and accompanying tutorials can be downloaded from the following webpage: http://www.genetics. ucla.edu/labs/horvath/CoexpressionNetwork/ModulePreservation.
A behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding

As part of a longitudinal twin study of literacy and language, we conducted a behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding in Grade 2 children (225 identical and 214 fraternal twin pairs) in the United States and Australia. Each variable showed significant genetic and unique environment influences. Multivariate analyses revealed very high genetic correlations among the variables, indicating that the same genes are involved in their aetiology. These genes are partly independent of those contributing to intelligence. A further analysis indicated that the covariation between decoding and orthographic learning is mediated by shared genes rather than by a direct causal path. The authors argue that a learning parameter, most directly assessed by orthographic learning in this study, underlies all three literacy variables. The results are also discussed in relation to Share’s self-teaching hypothesis, which may require modification. In this article we report on a behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning in Grade 2 children. We examine the genetic and environmental influences on it and on its relations with spelling achievement and decoding. The study is part of an ongoing international longitudinal twin study (ILTS) of early literacy and language development
A general stochastic approach to partial discharge processes

In this investigation a common framework for the physical description of partial discharge (PD) phenomena is presented that holds for internal discharges as well as for surface and corona discharges. Within this framework a PD process is viewed as a random point process. It is shown that this point process can be described by only one conditional probability distribution which can be calculated from few basic physical properties of the discharge physics. From this central distribution measurable quantities like the time-of-occurrence probability p(t) or the so-called Phase-Resolved-Partial-Discharge (PRPD) patterns can be easily derived. For all of the three discharge types (internal, surface, corona) examples are presented that demonstrate the applicability of the model.
Are Down syndrome and coeliac disease associated?

Editor,—The paper by Gale et al ( Gut 1997; 40: 492–6) fails in its aim to investigate the association between coeliac disease and Down syndrome. The authors use methodology for screening they have stated to be outdated. In a vulnerable population this is ethically unsound and inaccurate conclusions are drawn from incomplete data. Editor,—The paper by Gale et al ( Gut 1997; 40: 492–6) fails in its aim to investigate the association between coeliac disease and Down syndrome. The authors use methodology for screening that they have stated is outdated. In a vulnerable population this is ethically unsound and inaccurate conclusions are drawn from incomplete data. The increased frequency of raised antigliadin levels (and of autoimmune antibodies) in individuals with Down syndrome are already well documented, as is the increased prevalence of coeliac disease.1 2 Incidence cannot be assessed by screening. Serological screening by antigliadin antibodies alone is outdated and the usefulness of antiendomysial antibody levels, which can be easily measured using a commercial kit or human umbilical cord, is well established.3 To compound this error, the authors only regard individuals who have elevated titres of both IgA and IgG …
Benefits of Compensatory Preschool Education

Although there is widespread agreement that compensatory preschool education can produce short-term gains in test scores, its ability to produce meaningful long-term improvements in educational and economic success has been questioned. This paper reviews the evidence regarding long-term effects, including a classical experiment and benefit-cost analysis. It is concluded that compensatory preschool education can produce long-term gains in school success through contributions to cognitive abilities not adequately measured by Intelligence (IQ) tests. Greater educational success is accompanied by substantial improvements in social and economic outcomes including employment, teen pregnancy, and welfare assistance.
Training Teachers to Use Pivotal Response Training With Children With Autism

Although evidence-based practices (EBPs) for educating children with autism, such as pivotal response training (PRT), exist, teachers often lack adequate training to use these practices. The current investigation examined the efficacy of a 6-hour group workshop plus individual coaching for training 20 teachers to use PRT. Results indicate that the workshop alone was only effective in training 15% of the teachers to meet mastery criteria for PRT. The majority of teachers, however, showed additional improvement following individual coaching. The findings suggest that attending a group workshop is insufficient training for most teachers to demonstrate mastery of PRT, but a modest amount of time spent in individual coaching with observation and feedback helps the majority of teachers master PRT techniques. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
A Brief History, Scope, and Peculiarities of “Analytical Marxism”

The issue of the article is to describe and evaluate analytical Marxism, a school of thought that occupies a particular position in radical theory. It has presented itself as an attempt to renew Marxism with the tools of non-Marxist philosophy (analytical philosophy), epistemology (logical positivism), and social science (methodological individualism). The main authors are Gerald A. Cohen, who defended historical materialism on the basis of analytical philosophy; John Roemer, who reconstructed Marxian economics with neoclassical tools; and Jon Elster, who interpreted Marxism with methodological individualism. Rational choice theory plays an important role in analytical Marxism. This article deals with the idea that analytical Marxism seems to have turned Marxism into its opposite.
Long‐term follow‐up of children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy II: neurophysiological aspects

The aim of this study was to examine long‐term neurophysiological outcomes and sensory function in patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). The same 70 children/adolescents examined in part I: functional aspects (35 males, 35 females; age range 7‐20y, mean 13y 6mo [SD 4y 3mo], median 13y) were examined with neurophysiological methods at 3 to 7 months and at 7 to 20 years of age. Thirteen of the 70 participants underwent nerve reconstruction before 1 year of age. Electromyography (EMG) was performed on deltoid and first interossei muscles; Quantitative Sensory Test was used for C6 and C8 dermatomes. Tests for functional sensibility and 2‐point discrimination for C6 and C8 were performed. This study shows that considerable EMG changes can be observed in OBBP, even in those fully recovered. EMG changes in the deltoid were shown to deteriorate over time, and sensibility is considerably less affected than motor function.
Political Parties and Electoral Mobilization: Political Structure, Social Structure, and the Party Canvass

As agents of electoral mobilization, political parties occupy an important role in the social flow of political communication. We address several questions regarding party mobilization efforts. Whom do the parties seek to mobilize? What are the individual and aggregate characteristics and criteria that shape party mobilization efforts? What are the intended and unintended consequences of partisan mobilization, both for individual voters and for the electorate more generally? In answering these questions we make several arguments. First, party efforts at electoral mobilization inevitably depend upon a process of social diffusion and informal persuasion, so that the party canvass serves as a catalyst aimed at stimulating a cascading mobilization process. Second, party mobilization is best seen as being environmentally contingent upon institutional arrangements, locally defined strategic constraints, and partisan divisions within particular electorates. Finally, the efforts of party organizations generate a layer of political structure within the electorate that sometimes competes with social structure and often exists independently from it.
Community and Diversity in Urban Community Colleges: Coursetaking Among Entering Students

Maxwell, Hagedorn, Cypers, Moon, Brocato, Wahl, and Prather (pp. 21-46) This study examines a sample of 15 courses in relation to 4 variables of student characteristics: gender, ethnicity, age, and full-time or part-time status. Transcripts were analyzed for 6,196 first-semester students from 9 urban colleges. The strongest relations found were between curriculum and ethnicity. Findings raise questions about student dispersal and concentration, campus community, and first-semester attrition.
Images SfM PMVS Mesh Reconstruction Silhouettes Detection Sparse Depth Maps Dense Depth Maps Augmented

This paper leverages occluding contours (aka “internal silhouettes”) to improve the performance of multi-view stereo methods. The contributions are 1) a new technique to identify free-space regions arising from occluding contours, and 2) a new approach for incorporating the resulting free-space constraints into Poisson surface reconstruction [14]. The proposed approach outperforms state of the art MVS techniques for challenging Internet datasets, yielding dramatic quality improvements both around object contours and in surface detail.
Social Support, Stress, and Hispanic College Adjustment: Test of a Diathesis-Stress Model

A diathesis-stress model of Hispanic college adjustment was tested to assess the relationship between cultural pride, social support, stress, and college adjustment. A total of 394 Mexican American and Latino American freshman and sophomore students responded to a survey (57% response rate). Results indicated that academic stress, social stress, and perceived availability of social support combined to account for 59% of the variance in college adjustment ratings. However, the diathesis-stress model was not supported because social support was not found to moderate the relationship between stress and adjustment.
Women, Marriage, and the State in Modern Japan: Introduction

The photograph you see on the cover of this volume is actually the cover of a much earlier publication, the May 1959 issue of the popular Japanese women’s magazine Fujin gaho (Women’s Pictorial). The sell lines announce that it is a special issue on the modern bride, published in honor of the royal wedding of the crown prince. The abundance of flowers crowning the model’s head suggests the air of springtime romance and even giddy happiness surrounding the royal wedding; her pearls and make-up add a touch of class. Articles on honeymoons, bridal wear, marriage advice, and recipes for newlyweds figure importantly in this issue. All contribute to the impression that it is not only the crown prince and his bride who will enjoy a lavish wedding and modern marriage—every young woman in Japan can hope for such romance now, too. Crown Prince Akihito’s marriage to Shoda Michiko generated excitement for being the perfect embodiment of postwar democracy and the new constitution that promised equal rights for women and men. Here was the story of a “human prince” choosing his commoner bride after falling in love with her on a tennis court at a mountain resort. How different from a “divine prince” marrying a woman from a noble family in a match arranged by the imperial household. No matter that Michiko was the daughter of one of Japan’s wealthiest businessmen or that the
Charge Independence Theory of V Particles

Based on the charge independence hypothesis the properties of V particles are theoretically investi­ gated. It is found that the curious behaviours of these unstable particles are most simply interpreted in terms of the 1}-charge conservation law which directly results from the C. I. hypothesis and suitable isotopic spin assignments to these particles. The topics which are discussed in this paper are (a) the isotopic spin assignments to V particles, (b) the concept of the 1}-charge, (c) the 1}-charge conservation law which is to incorporate with the even-odd rule, the so-called " cascade " decay of some hyperons, and the positive excess of long-lived K particles, (d) the interpretation of heavy nuclear fragments, (e) the possible models of -r-mesons.
Liberating Epistemology: Wikipedia and the Social Construction of Knowledge

This investigation contends that postfoundationalist models of rationality provide a constructive alternative to the positivist models of scientific rationality that once dominated academic discourse and still shape popular views on science and religion. Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia, has evolved organically into a cross-cultural, cross-contextual, interdisciplinary conversation that can help liberate epistemology—especially theological epistemology—from the stranglehold of Enlightenment foundationalism. U.S. Latino/a theology provides an alternative to the dominant epistemological perspective within academic theology that is in many ways analogous to the organic, conversational epistemology embodied by the Wikipedia online community. Accordingly, this investigation argues that the work of human liberation is better served by liberating epistemology from the more authoritarian aspects of the Enlightenment scientific tradition—especially popular positivist conceptions of rationality.
Audit Oriented Fast Algorithm for Sequential Mining with Constraints

Sequence pattern mining is one of important problems in data mining. Many algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. But most of them consider little about time that is the main feature of sequential data. In this paper we present a fast algorithm SPIC (sequential pattern mining with constraints) based on SPADE. It utilizes time and attribute-relative features to lead the sequential mining process. And it uses key attribute to prune useless or misleading sequential rules. Finally, experiments on a real-world audit dataset show SPIC outperforms SPADE, especially when the number of attributes is far less than the average number of attribute values
Understanding Levels of Prospective Science Teachers on the Nature of Science

The aim of this study is to determine whether the understandings levels of prospective science teachers on the nature of science are dependent on differences in grade level and gender. This study utilizes VOSTS scale, which was developed by Aikenhead and Ryan, and adapted by Chan in order to determine viewpoints of prospective teachers on the nature of science. Eighteen multiple-choice questions from this scale were translated and adapted into Turkish from English by researchers, who also conducted a preliminary work on the validity and reliability of the scale. The adapted scale was applied to 80 prospective science teachers, who were not included in the sample of this study and the reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.81. Then the scale is applied to 201 prospective teachers who are enrolled in the science education program. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that while views of the prospective science teachers on nature of science are not significantly correlated with differences in grade level and gender, there were significant variations among these views. In this study, it was determined that prospective teachers had certain misconceptions on nature of science with respect to specific issues including hierarchical relationships between concepts of hypothesis, theory, law, and universal scientific method; that they relied predominantly on positivist paradigm; and that they espoused the traditional approach to science in understanding and interpreting nature of science.