Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
USO DEL AUDIT Y EL DAST-10 PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ABUSO DE SUSTANCIAS PSICOACTIVAS Y ALCOHOL EN ADOLESCENTES

Para detectar adolescentes en riesgo por abuso de sustancias psicoactivas y alcohol es necesario utilizar escalas de tamizaje, para la canalizacion terapeutica eficaz. El DAST-10 se ha utilizado para detectar abuso de sustancias psicoactivas; para el abuso de alcohol uno de los mas usados es el AUDIT . Para evaluar la confiabilidad, validez y el poder de discriminacion en poblacion mexicana del DAST-10 y el AUDIT , se realizo un muestreo aleatorio simple estratificado en un plantel de bachillerato de Ciudad de Mexico. Ambas escalas se aplicaron a 915 alumnos. Los dos instrumentos resultaron validos y confiables. Ademas, fueron sensibles en la identificacion del riesgo en consumo de sustancias y alcohol al diferenciar niveles de riesgo entre hombres y mujeres.
Brain Activation Associated with Pride and Shame

Background: Self-referential emotions such as shame/guilt and pride provide evaluative information about persons themselves. In addition to emotional aspects, social and self-referential processes play a role in self-referential emotions. Prior studies have rather focused on comparing self-referential and other-referential processes of one valence, triggered mostly by external stimuli. In the current study, we aimed at investigating the valence-specific neural correlates of shame/guilt and pride, evoked by the remembrance of a corresponding autobiographical event during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Method: A total of 25 healthy volunteers were studied. The task comprised a negative (shame/guilt), a positive (pride) and a neutral condition (expecting the distractor). Each condition was initiated by a simple cue, followed by the remembrance and finished by a distracting picture. Results: Pride and shame/guilt conditions both activated typical emotion-processing circuits including the amygdala, insula and ventral striatum, as well as self-referential brain regions such as the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Comparing the two emotional conditions, emotion-processing circuits were more activated by pride than by shame, possibly due to either hedonic experiences or stronger involvement of the participants in positive self-referential emotions due to a self-positivity bias. However, the ventral striatum was similarly activated by pride and shame/guilt. In the whole-brain analysis, both self-referential emotion conditions activated medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate regions, corresponding to the self-referential aspect and the autobiographical evocation of the respective emotions. Conclusion: Autobiographically evoked self-referential emotions activated basic emotional as well as self-referential circuits. Except for the ventral striatum, emotional circuits were more active with pride than with shame.
DEEJAM: Defeating Energy-Efficient Jamming in IEEE 802.15.4-based Wireless Networks

Jamming is a very effective denial-of-service attack that renders most higher-layer security mechanisms moot - yet it is often ignored in WSN design. We show that an interrupt jamming attack is simple to perpetrate in software using a MICAz mote, is energy efficient and stealthy for the jammer, and completely disrupts communication. Solutions are needed to mitigate this insider threat even if more powerful attackers are not thwarted. We present DEEJAM, a novel MAC-layer protocol for defeating stealthy jammers with IEEE 802.15. 4-based hardware, to address this problematic area. It layers four defensive mechanisms to hide communication from a jammer, evade its search, and reduce its impact. Given the difficulty of modeling the physical layer accurately in simulation, we evaluate DEEJAM instead on the MICAz mote. We show the performance of the protocol against successively more complex attacks: interrupt jamming, activity jamming, scan jamming, and pulse jamming. Results show that DEEJAM defeats the otherwise devastating interrupt jammer, and achieves a packet delivery ratio of 88% in the presence of a pulse jammer. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to confront multiple types of jamming on common WSN hardware with solutions that are shown empirically to enable continued communication despite an ongoing attack.
Enhancement of differentiation induction of mouse myelomonocytic leukemic cells by extracellular ATP

We examined the effect of ATP on the terminal differentiation of mouse myelomonocytic leukemic M1 cells to macrophages. Although ATP alone did not induce M1 cell differentiation, addition of ATP with the differentiation inducer, interleukin 6 (IL‐6), enhanced the induction of differentiation by IL‐6 about twofold. Comparison among several adenine nucleotides revealed that the order of effectiveness on differentiation enhancement was ATP > ADP > AMP ≥ adenosine. Using reactive blue 2, a P2 receptor antagonist, we confirmed that the effect of ATP on the stimulation of differentiation was mediated through the P2 purinergic receptor. Examination of cytosolic [Ca2+] elevation by ATP and comparison of potency of differentiation enhancement among several ATP analogs demonstrated that the effect of differentiation enhancement was mediated through P2y purinergic receptors expressed on M1 cell surface. Within 3 h of exposure, ATP alone slightly increased the expression of differentiation‐related immediate early response genes, c‐myc and JunB, and ATP also enhanced the IL‐6–induced expression of these genes. Induction of JunB expression by ATP analogs correlated with their potency of differentiation enhancement, which suggested that induction of JunB by ATP is one of signaling pathways involved in the exertion of its differentiation‐enhancing effect. © 1994 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attitudes, Orientations, and Motivations in Language Learning: Advances in Theory, Research, and Applications

* Attitudes, Orientations, and Motivations in Language Learning: Advances in Theory, Research, and Applications: Zoltan Dornyei. * Why Are You Learning a Second Language? Motivational Orientations and Self--Determination Theory (Language Learning, 2000, 50/1, 57--85): Kimberly A. Noels, Luc G. Pelletier, Richard Clement and Robert J. Vallerand. * The Role of Gender and Immersion in Communication and Second Language Orientations (Language Learning, 2000, 50/2, 311--341): Susan C. Baker and Peter D. MacIntyre. * Learning Spanish as a Second Language: Learners' Orientations and Perceptions of Their Teachers' Communication Style (Language Learning, 2001, 51/1, 107--144): Kimberly A. Noels. * Sex and Age Effects on Willingness to Communicate, Anxiety, Perceived Competence, and L2 Motivation Among Junior High School French Immersion Students (Language Learning, 2002, 52/3, 537--564): Peter D. MacIntyre, Susan C. Baker, Richard Clement and Leslie A. Donovan. * Attitudes, Motivation, and Second Language Learning: A Meta--Analysis of Studies Conducted by Gardner and Associates (Language Learning, 2003, 53/1): Anne--Marie Masgoret and Robert C. Gardner.
Optimum Parameters for Short‐Wavelength Automated Perimetry

PurposeTo determine the optimum parameters for short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) and to recommend these for standardization of the procedure. MethodsWe used a variety of stimulus and background configurations to determine the optimum background spectral distribution and luminance, and the optimum target spectral distribution, maximum luminance, and duration. We measured threshold versus intensity curves to determine which combination provided (a) the greatest isolation of the short-wavelength sensitive mechanisms and (b) the largest dynamic range for perimetry. We also evaluated the effect of lens absorption and cataract on these two factors. ResultsA broad-band yellow background at 100 candela/m2 with a narrow-band 440-nm (27-nm half-bandwidth), 1.8° diameter (Goldmann size V) stimulus presented for 200 ms was optimum at all retinal eccentricities. Specific recommendations for how to modify existing perimeters are given. ConclusionAgreement regarding the optimum parameters for SWAP should lead to standardization of the test that will facilitate comparison of results from different centers. Normative data can be collected at several sites and incorporated into statistical analysis packages currently available with various perimeters. This will greatly improve the clinical utility of this test.
Postnatal Development of the Rat Neostriatum: Electrophysiological, Light- and Electron-Microscopic Studies

The postnatal development of the electrophysiological properties and morphology of rat neostriatum was studied using in vivo and in vitro intracellular recording and biocytin staining and light and electron microscopy. The principal neurons, the medium spiny neurons, were found to undergo a protracted postnatal development of their electrophysiological and morphological characteristics. Most of the intrinsic membrane properties of medium spiny neurons came to resemble those in the adult by the end of the 3rd postnatal week. Synaptic responses and spontaneous activity patterns in medium spiny neurons were dependent on the arrival and functional maturation of excitatory afferents from cortex and thalamus and did not become adult-like until the end of the 1st postnatal month.
Viscoelastic properties of the cell nucleus.

Mechanical factors play an important role in the regulation of cell physiology. One pathway by which mechanical stress may influence gene expression is through a direct physical connection from the extracellular matrix across the plasma membrane and to the nucleus. However, little is known of the mechanical properties or deformation behavior of the nucleus. The goal of this study was to quantify the viscoelastic properties of mechanically and chemically isolated nuclei of articular chondrocytes using micropipet aspiration in conjunction theoretical viscoelastic model. Isolated nuclei behaved as viscoelastic solid materials similar to the cytoplasm, but were 3-4 times stiffer and nearly twice as viscous as the cytoplasm. Quantitative information of the biophysical properties and deformation behavior of the nucleus may provide further insight on the relationships between the stress-strain state of the nucleus and that of the extracellular matrix, as well as potential mechanisms of mechanical signal transduction.
A cognitive–existential intervention to improve existential and global quality of life in cancer patients: A pilot study

Abstract Objective: We developed a specific cognitive–existential intervention to improve existential distress in nonmetastatic cancer patients. The present study reports the feasibility of implementing and evaluating this intervention, which involved 12 weekly sessions in both individual and group formats, and explores the efficacy of the intervention on existential and global quality of life (QoL) measures. Method: Some 33 nonmetastatic cancer patients were randomized between the group intervention, the individual intervention, and the usual condition of care. Evaluation of the intervention on the existential and global QoL of patients was performed using the existential well-being subscale and the global scale of the McGill Quality of Life (MQoL) Questionnaire. Results: All participants agreed that their participation in the program helped them deal with their illness and their personal life. Some 88.9% of participants agreed that this program should be proposed for all cancer patients, and 94.5% agreed that this intervention helped them to reflect on the meaning of their life. At post-intervention, both existential and psychological QoL improved in the group intervention versus usual care (p = 0.086 and 0.077, respectively). At the three-month follow-up, global and psychological QoL improved in the individual intervention versus usual care (p = 0.056 and 0.047, respectively). Significance of results: This pilot study confirms the relevance of the intervention and the feasibility of the recruitment and randomization processes. The data strongly suggest a potential efficacy of the intervention for existential and global quality of life, which will have to be confirmed in a larger study.
Culture-Independent Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

ABSTRACT Bacteria are recognized as an important part of the total biology of shallow-water corals. Studies of shallow-water corals suggest that associated bacteria may benefit the corals by cycling carbon, fixing nitrogen, chelating iron, and producing antibiotics that protect the coral from other microbes. Cold-water or deep-sea corals have a fundamentally different ecology due to their adaptation to cold, dark, high-pressure environments and as such have novel microbiota. The goal of this study was to characterize the microbial associates of Lophelia pertusa in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. This is the first study to collect the coral samples in individual insulated containers and to preserve coral samples at depth in an effort to minimize thermal shock and evaluate the effects of environmental gradients on the microbial diversity of samples. Molecular analysis of bacterial diversity showed a marked difference between the two study sites, Viosca Knoll 906/862 (VK906/862) and Viosca Knoll 826 (VK826). The bacterial communities from VK826 were dominated by a variety of unknown mycoplasmal members of the Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas the libraries from VK906/862 were dominated by members of the Proteobacteria. In addition to novel sequences, the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries revealed many bacterial sequences in common between Gulf of Mexico Lophelia corals and Norwegian fjord Lophelia corals, as well as shallow-water corals. Two Lophelia-specific bacterial groups were identified: a cluster of gammaproteobacteria related to sulfide-oxidizing gill symbionts of seep clams and a group of Mycoplasma spp. The presence of these groups in both Gulf and Norwegian Lophelia corals indicates that in spite of the geographic heterogeneity observed in Lophelia-associated bacterial communities, there are Lophelia-specific microbes.
Toward a Poetics of Cinematic Disgust

This essay tries to categorize the range of artistic options that filmmakers currently have at hand to evoke bodily disgust. It asks: If we examine the variety of disgusting scenes at the movies, how can we usefully distinguish them? I present five categorical distinctions indicating choices filmmakers often implicitly make when disgust comes into play. (1) Temporality: Does the filmmaker confront us with the disgusting object suddenly or anticipatorily ? (2) Presence: Does the director allow us to perceive or imagine the source of disgust? (3) Character engagement: Are we affected via empathy or sympathy ? (4) Synaesthetic audiovision: What other senses â€“ apart from seeing and hearing â€“ does the scene address? (5) Affective co-occurrence: What other emotions come into play during the disgusting scene? It will turn out that cinematic disgust is not as simple as it might seem at first sight. In fact, we might even attest to its unforeseen complexity. This unorthodox finding, in turn, complements an insight recent studies on affective responses at the movies have yielded more generally: the more we know about cinematic emotions, the more we have to conclude that we still know very little.
Diabetes changes the levels of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the rat retina

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness among adults between the age 20 to 74. Changes in ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit composition can affect retinal glutamatergic neurotransmission and, therefore, contribute to visual impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether diabetes leads to changes in ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit expression at the protein and mRNA level in the rat retina. Methods Changes in the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits were investigated at the mRNA and protein levels in retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and age-matched control rats. Animals were euthanized one, four and 12 weeks after the onset of diabetes. Retinal protein extracts were prepared, and the receptor subunit levels were assessed by western blotting. Transcript levels were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Transcript levels of most ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits were not significantly changed in the retinas of diabetic rats, as compared to age-matched controls but protein levels of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA), kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDA) receptors were found to be altered. Conclusions The results provide evidence that diabetes affects the retinal content of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits at the protein level. The possible implications of these changes on retinal physiology and visual impairment in DR are discussed.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies for Psychological Trauma and Comorbid Substance Use Disorders

Abstract In this chapter, a brief explanation of the CBT conceptualizations for PTSD and associated substance abuse are presented and several of the most prominent traditional CBT interventions are discussed. More contemporary CBT interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993) are discussed in the latter section of this chapter.
Ultrasound Assessment prior to Laser Photocoagulation for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome for Predicting Intrauterine Fetal Demise after Surgery in Japanese Patients

Objective: To evaluate the use of ultrasound before selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels (SLPCV) for twin–twin transfusion syndrome in predicting intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD). Methods: Fifty-five patients underwent SLPCV in Japan. Fetal biometry and Doppler studies of the umbilical artery, ductus venosus, and umbilical vein were performed prior to SLPCV. The visualization of the bladder and hydrops was recorded. Association between the parameters and IUFD was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and patients gave their informed consent. Results: The IUFD incidence was 25.5% (14/55) in the donors and 12.7% (7/55) in the recipients. Twelve donors and 4 recipients of them ended in unexplainable IUFD. In the analysis of 53 donors, absent or reversed end-diastolic flow of umbilical artery (UAAREDF) was only associated with IUFD (p = 0.016). No parameters could predict IUFD in 52 recipients. Conclusions: UAAREDF may be useful for predicting IUFD of the donor after SLPCV.
Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

CONTEXT Physical inactivity contributes to weight gain in adults, but whether this relationship is true for children of different ethnic groups is not well established. OBJECTIVE To assess participation in vigorous activity and television watching habits and their relationship to body weight and fatness in US children. DESIGN Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and medical examination. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Between 1988 and 1994, 4063 children aged 8 through 16 years were examined as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Episodes of weekly vigorous activity and daily hours of television watched, and their relationship to body mass index and body fatness. RESULTS Eighty percent of US children reported performing 3 or more bouts of vigorous activity each week. This rate was lower in non-Hispanic black and Mexican American girls (69% and 73%, respectively). Twenty percent of US children participated in 2 or fewer bouts of vigorous activity perweek, and the rate was higher in girls (26%) than in boys (17%). Overall, 26% of US children watched 4 or more hours of television per day and 67% watched at least 2 hours per day. Non-Hispanic black children had the highest rates of watching 4 or more hours of television per day (42%). Boys and girls who watch 4 or more hours of television each day had greater body fat (P<.001) and had a greater body mass index (P<.001) than those who watched less than 2 hours per day. CONCLUSIONS Many US children watch a great deal of television and are inadequately vigorously active. Vigorous activity levels are lowest among girls, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Intervention strategies to promote lifelong physical activity among US children are needed to stem the adverse health consequences of inactivity.
Concurrency oriented programming in termite scheme

Termite Scheme is a variant of Scheme intended for distributed computing. It offers a simple and powerful concurrency model, inspired by the Erlang programming language, which is based on a message-passing model of concurrency. Our system is well suited for building custom protocols and abstractions for distributed computation. Its open network model allows for the building of non-centralized distributed applications. The possibility of failure is reflected in the model, and ways to handle failure are available in the language. We exploit the existence of first class continuations in order to allow the expression of high-level concepts such as process migration. We describe the Termite model and its implications, how it compares to Erlang, and describe sample applications built with Termite. We conclude with a discussion of the current implementation and its performance.
Measuring Well-Being and Exclusion in Europe's Regions

The Lisbon summit of the European Council in March 2000 declared the number of people living in poverty and social exclusion in the European Union to be unacceptable, and called for steps to tackle the issue, beginning with the setting of targets for particular indicators. The targets suggested have been broad in nature but have largely concentrated on national averages. This paper seeks to marry this approach with the EU? s traditional focus on regional cohesion, by developing regional indicators of well-being and exclusion for EU countries. It draws on a range of sources to put together indicators in five dimensions of well-being: material well-being, health, education and participation in two spheres ? productive and social. It explores, first, how far national indicators disguise geographical inequalities in these different dimensions; and second, the extent to which regional performance differs according to which dimension is being examined. At the same time, the paper draws attention to the limits of currently available data, in light of the fact that one key aspect of the Lisbon summit conclusions was a commitment to the collection of better data on poverty and social exclusion in the EU.