Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insight into forensic efficiency and genetic structure of the Guizhou Dong group via a 64-plex panel

Insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) show great application values in forensic research because they own superiorities of short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Whereas, InDels commonly display low genetic diversities in comparison to STRs. Therefore, they may provide limited genetic information in forensic kinship testing. Here, we evaluated forensic application efficiency of a novel multiplex amplification system including two STRs, 59 InDels, and three sex-determination loci in the Guizhou Dong group. In addition, we explored the genetic background of the Guizhou Dong group in comparison to other reported populations based on 59 InDels. We found that 59 InDels displayed relatively high genetic diversities in the Guizhou Dong group. Moreover, the cumulative forensic efficiency of two STRs and 59 InDels could meet the requirement of individual identification and paternity testing in the Guizhou Dong group. For these 59 InDels, we observed that some loci exhibited relatively high genetic differentiations among different continental populations, especially for African and Non-African populations, which could be viewed as candidate ancestry informative markers in the future. Genetic structure results indicated that the Dong group had close genetic relationships with East Asian and some Southern Chinese Han populations. To sum up, we stated that the 64-plex panel could be performed for forensic application of the Guizhou Dong group.
EEG Lempel-Ziv complexity varies with sleep stage, but does not seem to track dream experience

In a recent electroencephalography (EEG) sleep study inspired by complexity theories of consciousness, we found that multi-channel signal diversity progressively decreased from wakefulness to slow wave sleep, but failed to find any significant difference between dreaming and non-dreaming awakenings within the same sleep stage (NREM2). However, we did find that multi-channel Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) measured over the posterior cortex increased with more perceptual ratings of NREM2 dream experience along a thought-perceptual axis. In this follow-up study, we re-tested our previous findings, using a slightly different approach. Partial sleep-deprivation was followed by evening sleep experiments, with repeated awakenings and immediate dream reports. Participants reported whether they had been dreaming, and were asked to rate how diverse, vivid, perceptual, and thought-like the contents of their dreams were. High density (64 channel) EEG was recorded throughout the experiment, and mean single-channel LZC was calculated for each 30 s sleep epoch. LZC progressively decreased with depth of non-REM sleep. Surprisingly, estimated marginal mean LZC was slightly higher for NREM1 than for wakefulness, but the difference did not remain significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. We found no significant difference in LZC between dream and non-dream awakenings, nor any significant relationship between LZC and subjective ratings of dream experience, within the same sleep stage (NREM2). The failure to reproduce our own previous finding of a positive correlation between posterior LZC and more perceptual dream experiences, or to find any other correlation between brain signal complexity and subjective experience within NREM2 sleep, raises the question of whether EEG LZC is really a reliable correlate of richness of experience as such, within the same sleep stage.
The contributions of gender identification and gender ideologies to the purposes of social media use in adolescence

Gender differences in adolescent social media use are often documented in the research literature, yet few studies delve into why they occur. Accordingly, we investigated whether gender identification and gender ideologies are associated with five major purposes of social media use in adolescence (emotion and activity bonding with friends, social compensation, appearance validation, and bullying). Participants were 309 cisgender U.S. high school students (Mage = 15.74; 59% girls; 53% white) primarily using Instagram and Snapchat but also TikTok (more popular with girls) and Discord (more popular with boys) in 2019. Girls reported greater use of social media for emotion bonding, appearance validation, and social compensation compared to boys, who reported greater competitive activity bonding. Girls and boys did not differ in their use of social media for bullying. In linear regressions, masculinity ideology predicted purposes associated with girls (appearance validation, social compensation), as well as those associated with boys (competitive activity bonding), regardless of gender. Femininity ideology uniquely predicted emotion bonding and social compensation but only mediated the effect of gender for the latter. Findings illustrate that gender is important for understanding uses and gratifications of social media in adolescence, but traditional masculinity ideology is similar across genders and relates to multiple functions of social media in boys’ and girls’ lives. More work is needed to conceptualize gender beliefs and values in Gen Z, given recent challenges to gender binary ideology and low reliability of the scales in this study, which were developed before social media.
Internet addiction and suicidal behavior among vocational high school students in Hunan Province, China: A moderated mediation model

Background Vocational education is an important part of high school education in China. However, there is little research on high school students' mental health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behavior (SB) among this population and the mediating role of insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress in the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and SB using a structural equation model. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among several vocational high school students in Hunan Province, and 7,968 valid questionnaires were obtained. General demographic data and data from the Dual-Mode Self-Control Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress scale-21, and Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale were collected. A structural equation model was used to explore the different pathways from IA to SB. Results Among the participants, 37.7, 15.7, and 21.8% reported suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, respectively. The structural equation model confirmed that IA was indirectly related to SB and was mediated by insomnia and/or depression, anxiety, and stress. Limitations First, we only recruited students from vocational schools in Hunan Province, therefore, the sample may not represent the entire population of vocational students in China. Second, self-report scales were used in this study, and clinical diagnosis required professional interviews. Third, since this study had a cross-sectional design, the causal relationship between the variables could not be determined. Conclusions The prevalence of SB among vocational high school students in China was significantly high. The prevention of SB related to IA can be attributed to the improvement of insomnia and emotional problems.
Comparative transcriptomics in alternate bearing cultivar Dashehari reveals the genetic model of flowering in mango

Flowering is a complex developmental process, with physiological and morphological phases influenced by a variety of external and internal factors. Interestingly, many mango cultivars tend to bear fruit biennially because of irregular flowering, and this has a negative impact on mango flowering and the subsequent yield, resulting in significant economic losses. In this article, transcriptome analysis was carried out on four tissues of mango cv. Dashehari (bearing tree leaf, shoot apex, inflorescence, and non-bearing tree leaf). De novo transcriptome assembly of RNA-seq reads of Dashehari using the Trinity pipeline generated 67,915 transcripts, with 25,776 genes identified. 85 flowering genes, represented by 179 transcripts, were differentially expressed in bearing vs. non-bearing leaf tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis of flowering genes identified significant upregulation of flowering related genes in inflorescence tissues compared to bearing leaf tissues. The flowering genes FT, CO, GI, ELF 4, FLD, FCA, AP1, LHY, and SCO1 were upregulated in the bearing leaf tissues. Pathway analysis of DEGs showed significant upregulation of phenylpropanoid and sucrose and starch pathways in non-bearing leaf tissue compared with bearing leaf tissue. The comparative transcriptome analysis performed in this study significantly increases the understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the flowering process as well as alternative bearing in mango.
Comprehensive analysis of mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs): A SEER database analysis of 767 cases

Background Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) is an extremely rare entity, consisting of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components. It can occur in various organs throughout the body, with a rising incidence. Its clinical management is a rapidly growing field of interest; however, large-scale patient cohorts are still missing to guide clinical practice. Patients and methods The demographic, clinicopathological, and survival information of all patients diagnosed with MiNEN in the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database (2000–2017) were extracted and further analyzed. The information of the patients before and after 2010 was compared to understand the epidemiological changes of MiNEN. The characteristics of MiNEN originating in different organs were compared. The clinical significance of surgical resection for metastatic MiNENs was also analyzed. Results A total of 1081 patients were screened, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 767 patients were finally analyzed. There was no obvious sex preference (49.2% vs 50.8%, p>0.05) and the majority of the patients were Caucasians (n=627, 81.7%). A total of 88.3% of the patients were older than 50 years old, and the median age was 60 years. 79.3% of the tumors are located in the distal digestive tract, and 67.7% were grade 3/4. Distant metastasis was presented in 33.9% of the patients at diagnosis. A total of 88% of the patients underwent surgical treatments. The number of patients increased 10-fold between 2000 and 2017. There was no significant difference in sex, race, stage, or surgical treatments among the patients diagnosed before and after 2010. More patients older than 60 years were diagnosed after 2010 (p=0.009). The median survival was 61.0 ± 9.8 months for the whole cohort. After multivariate analysis, older age (>60 years, p<0.01), more advanced stage (p<0.01), grade 3/4 (p<0.01), and non-surgical treatment (p<0.01) were independent risk factors for poorer survival. The appendiceal MiNENs showed the best prognosis. A total of 260 metastatic MiNENs were further analyzed. Only patients with metastatic MiNENs originating from the appendix had a potential benefit from surgical resection, compared to other sites (p=0.05). Conclusion This study provides the epidemiological, clinicopathological, and survival information of the largest number of MiNEN patients. Although MiNEN is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm, its incidence increases rapidly. The majority of the patients suffered from advanced-stage disease, which highlights the need for improvement of early detection in the future. The appendix is the most common primary site of MiNEN, and surgical resection for selected metastatic MiNEN originating in the appendix has favorable survival outcomes.
Association between air pollution exposure and coronary heart disease hospitalization in a humid sub-tropical region of China: A time-series study

Objective Emerging evidence has highlighted the possible links of environmental pollution with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The current study aimed to explore the impact of short-term air pollution exposure on CHD hospitalization in Hefei. Methods Data about the daily number of CHD admissions (from 2014 to 2021) were retrieved from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Air pollutants and meteorological data were obtained from the China Environmental Monitoring Station and the China Meteorological Data Service Center, respectively. The correlation between air pollution and CHD hospitalization was assessed using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) and Poisson generalized linear regression. Results In the single-pollutant model, NO2, O3, and CO strongly correlated with CHD hospitalization rate. Specifically, exposure to NO2 (lag0, relative risk [RR]: 1.013, 95%CI: 1.002–1.024, per 10 μg/m3 increase) and CO (lag13, RR: 1.035, 95%CI: 1.001–1.071, per 1 μg/m3 increase) revealed a positive correlation with an increased rate of CHD hospitalization. Interestingly, O3 had a protective association with hospitalization of CHD (lag0, RR: 0.993, 95%CI: 0.988–0.999, per 10 μg/m3 increase). Similar results, to those of the single-pollutant model, were revealed following verification using two-pollutant models. Subgroup analyses indicated that young people, women, and people in hot seasons were more susceptible to NO2 exposure, while the elderly, women, and people in cold seasons were more susceptible to O3. Furthermore, the elderly were more susceptible to CO exposure. Conclusion Overall, exposure to NO2 and CO increases the rate of CHD hospitalization, but exposure to O3 shows a protective association with the rate of CHD hospitalization. Therefore, early preventive measures against air pollutants should be applied to protect vulnerable patients with CHD.
A novel non-sense variant in the OFD1 gene caused Joubert syndrome

Background: Joubert syndrome (JBS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with progressive renal, liver, and retinal involvement that exhibits heterogeneity in both clinical manifestations and genetic etiology. Therefore, it is difficult to make a definite prenatal diagnosis. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to screen the causative gene variants in a suspected JBS family. RNA-seq and protein model prediction were performed to clarify the potential pathogenic mechanism. A more comprehensive review of previously reported cases with OFD1 variants is presented and may help to establish a genotype–phenotype. Results: We identified a novel non-sense variant in the OFD1 gene, OFD1 (NM_003611.3): c.2848A>T (p.Lys950Ter). Sanger sequencing confirmed cosegregation among this family. RNA-seq confirmed that partial degradation of mutant transcripts, which was predicted to be caused by the non-sense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) mechanism, may explain the reduction in the proportion of mutant transcripts. Protein structure prediction of the non-sense variant transcript revealed that this variant may lead to a change in the OFD1 protein structure. Conclusion: The genetic variation spectrum of JBS10 caused by OFD1 was broadened. The novel variants further deepened our insight into the molecular mechanism of the disease.
Adaptive robust economic dispatch and real-time control of distribution system considering controllable inverter air-conditioner clusters

With a tremendous number of renewable energy sources (RES) integrated into the distribution system, the inherent uncertainty of RES power generation brings about significant challenges in distribution and power balance within the distribution system. This article proposes an adaptive robust economic dispatch (ARED) model and a real-time control strategy for distribution systems as countermeasures, which make full use of the adjustable capabilities of controllable inverter air-conditioner (IAC) clusters. Firstly, the concept of the adjustable capacity curve (ACC) is developed to accurately quantify the adjustable capacity of an IAC cluster. Afterward, a two-stage adaptive robust optimization is formulated for ARED, which comprehensively takes the adjustable capacity of the IAC cluster and the uncertainty of RES into consideration. Meanwhile, the solution methodology of ARED is also designed based on the column and constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm, where the master problem is quadratic programming with quadratic constraints (QCQP), and the max-min sub-problem is reformulated to a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) form by taking advantage of linear duality theory and big-M method. Finally, a novel real-time decentralized control strategy for IAC clusters is also proposed for purpose of hedging against stochastic RES power fluctuation after every round of ARED decisions. The results of the case study validate the effectiveness of ARED model and real-time control strategy under different uncertainty scenarios of RES power generation.
Polymer Grafting and its chemical reactions

Polymer grafting is a technique to improve the morphology, chemical, and physical properties of the polymer. This technique has the potential to improve the existing conduction and properties of polymers other than charge transport; as a result, it enhances the solubility, nano-dimensional morphology, biocompatibility, bio-communication, and other property of parent polymer. A polymer’s physicochemical properties can be modified even further by creating a copolymer with another polymer or by grafting. Here in the various chemical approaches for polymer grafting, like free radical, click reaction, amide formation, and alkylation have been discussed with their importance, moreover the process and its importance are covered comprehensively with their scientific explanation. The present review also covers the effectiveness of the graft-to approaches and its application in various fields, which will give reader a glimpse about polymer grafting and its uses.
Impact of the Alamosa gap-filling radar on streamflow in the National Water Model

The installation of the Alamosa gap-filling radar in 2019 not only greatly improved surveillance of current precipitation in the mountain-ringed San Luis valley, but also improved estimates of rain and snow accumulation. This is particularly important for hydrological prediction in this headwaters region, as it provides vital information for potential downstream floods and reservoir storage. This study performs three experiments using the community WRF-Hydro modeling system (the core model of the National Water Model) during 2021 to estimate the effect of the new Alamosa gap-filling radar, as integrated into the National Severe Storms Laboratory Multi-radar Multi-sensor quantitative precipitation estimate product on model-predicted streamflow. The first model experiment utilizes the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor data, including from the new Alamosa radar; the second utilizes a spatially-downscaled version of the NLDAS-2 precipitation field, mapped to a high resolution WRF-Hydro model grid; while the third experiment uses a combination of the two, with MRMS used in areas observed by the Alamosa radar. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the impact of the radar quantitative precipitation estimate on total seasonal runoff in the Conejos River basin and overall runoff throughout the Upper Rio Grande River basin in southern Colorado.
Inverted U-shaped relationship between education and family health: The urban-rural gap in Chinese dual society

Introduction The Healthy China Initiative emphasizes family health. Education is an upstream determinant of health, which can both achieve upward mobility and cause class solidification. Methods Using nationwide large-scale data collected in 2021, the present study explored the relationship between education and family health in the urban-rural dual society via Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and propensity score matching. Results Our data revealed disparities in family health, educational attainment, household income, healthcare coverage, and job type between urban and rural China. An inverted U-shaped relationship existed between increasing years of education and family health. The upper limit was 17.1 years for urban residents and 13.7 years for rural residents, with limited health benefits from higher education obtained by rural residents. Mediated by work-family conflict, highly-educated people received gradually diminishing health returns. The results of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition showed that 25.8% of the urban-rural gap in family health could be explained by the disparity in education. Urban residents could translate cultural capital and economic capital into health capital to a greater extent. After propensity score matching, a robust, inverted U-shaped relationship was found between education and family health. The inverted U-shaped relationship was found to replace family health with self-rated health and quality of life. Discussion Family-centered public health and education programs, policies, and goals should be developed to break urban-rural dual structure barriers and advance social equity in China.
Identification of novel biomarkers involved in doxorubicin-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity, respectively, by integrated bioinformatics

Background The mechanisms of doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity were complex and controversial, with various contradictions between experimental and clinical data. Understanding the differences in the molecular mechanism between DOX-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity may be an ideal entry point to solve this dilemma. Methods Mice were injected intraperitoneally with DOX [(20 mg/kg, once) or (5 mg/kg/week, three times)] to construct acute and chronic cardiotoxicity models, respectively. Survival record and ultrasound monitored the cardiac function. The corresponding left ventricular (LV) myocardium tissues were analyzed by RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) found the key biological processes and signaling pathways. DOX cardiotoxicity datasets from the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were combined with RNA-seq to identify the common genes. Cytoscape analyzed the hub genes, which were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. ImmuCo and ImmGen databases analyzed the correlations between hub genes and immunity-relative markers in immune cells. Cibersort analyzed the immune infiltration and correlations between the hub genes and the immune cells. Logistic regression, receiver operator characteristic curve, and artificial neural network analysis evaluated the diagnosis ability of hub genes for clinical data in the GEO dataset. Results The survival curves and ultrasound monitoring demonstrated that cardiotoxicity models were constructed successfully. In the acute model, 788 DEGs were enriched in the activated metabolism and the suppressed immunity-associated signaling pathways. Three hub genes (Alas1, Atp5g1, and Ptgds) were upregulated and were negatively correlated with a colony of immune-activating cells. However, in the chronic model, 281 DEGs showed that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-related signaling pathways were the critical events. Three hub genes (Hsph1, Abcb1a, and Vegfa) were increased in the chronic model. Furthermore, Hsph1 combined with Vegfa was positively correlated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-induced heart failure (HF) and had high accuracy in the diagnosis of DCM-induced HF (AUC = 0.898, P = 0.000). Conclusion Alas1, Atp5g1, and Ptgds were ideal biomarkers in DOX acute cardiotoxicity. However, Hsph1 and Vegfa were potential biomarkers in the myocardium in the chronic model. Our research, first, provided bioinformatics and clinical evidence for the discovery of the differences in mechanism and potential biomarkers of DOX-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity to find a therapeutic strategy precisely.