Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoting Health of Persons With Intellectual Disabilities Using the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities: Early Implementation Assessment in Spain and Hungary

The article explores the initial achievements in the process of implementation of the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) with a special focus on health of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Spain and Hungary, the first countries to submit and receive a review for their report in the European Union. The CRPD is a major human rights instrument of the United Nations that was adopted in 2006 with the goal of ensuring protection of rights of persons with disabilities by holding governments accountable for the services they provide to this population. It was found that the reports designed to represent official state comments on the situation of human rights of persons with disabilities often do not follow the reporting requirements of the Convention in terms of required data. Moreover, they do not use a unified understanding of disability promoted by the Convention and make no mention of many important health-related issues. Access to health is generally understood in a purely physical sense of availability and accessibility of services, while no attention is given to specific expectations and needs of persons with disabilities or to the competence of health staff to work with vulnerable groups. In order to be able to implement the Convention, governments need to carefully assess their country's status quo with regard to disability policies and politics, and at the same time need to develop action plans to implement the CRPD.
Generalization of deviated linear cyclic pursuit

Earlier work on cyclic pursuit systems has shown that using heterogeneous gains for agents in linear cyclic pursuit, the point of convergence (rendezvous point) can be chosen arbitrarily. But there are some restrictions on this set of reachable points. The use of deviated cyclic pursuit, as discussed in this paper, expands this set of reachable points to include points which are not reachable by any known linear cyclic pursuit scheme. The limits on the deviations are determined by stability considerations. Such limits have been analytically obtained in this paper along with results on the expansion in reachable set and the latter has also been verified through simulations.
Expression and localization of human multidrug resistance protein (ABCC) family members in pancreatic carcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is among the top 10 causes of death from cancer in industrialized countries. In comparison with other gastrointestinal malignancies, pancreatic cancer is one of the tumors most resistant to chemotherapy. An important mechanism of tumor multidrug resistance is increased drug efflux mediated by several transporters of the ABC superfamily. Especially BCRP (ABCG2), MDR1 P‐glycoprotein (ABCB1) and members of the MRP (ABCC) family are important in mediating drug resistance. The MRP family consists of 9 members (MRP1–MRP9) with MRP1–MRP6 being best characterized with respect to protein localization and substrate selectivity. Here, we quantified the mRNA expression of BCRP and of all MRP family members in normal human pancreas and pancreatic carcinoma and analyzed the mRNA level of the transporters most abundantly expressed in pancreatic tissue, BCRP, MRP1, MRP3, MRP4 and MRP5, in 37 tissue samples. In addition, we determined the localization of the 4 MRP proteins in normal human pancreas and in pancreatic carcinoma. The expression of BCRP, MRP1 and MRP4 mRNA did not correlate with tumor stage or grading. On the other hand, the expression of MRP3 mRNA was upregulated in pancreatic carcinoma samples and was correlated with tumor grading. The MRP5 mRNA level was significantly higher in pancreatic carcinoma tissue compared to normal pancreatic tissue. These data suggest that MRP3 and MRP5 are involved in drug resistance of pancreatic tumors and that quantitative analysis of their expression may contribute to predict the benefit of chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring the impact of Asian stereotype endorsement, multicultural counseling competence, and motivation to respond without prejudice on White therapists' clinical judgment

Exploring the impact of Asian Stereotype Endorsement, Multicultural Counseling Competence, and Motivation to Respond Without Prejudice on White Therapists’ Clinical Judgment Yi-Jung Lee People have the tendency to rely on stereotypes while making judgments due to limitations of cognitive capacity. The shifting standards model suggests that people tend to use stereotypes as a standard when they make subjective judgments about members of stereotyped groups and that they unconsciously shift their standards based on stereotypes they hold for particular groups. Researchers have found that White therapists tend to shift their standards while making clinical judgment of their clients of Color. The majority of the research to date has focused on White therapists and Black clients, while the research on White therapists and Asian clients is scant. The current study investigated whether White psychology trainees shift standards in making subjective clinical judgment based on race and residency status of a fictitious White, Asian and Asian-American clients described in a vignette. The study also examined the potential relationships among White psychology trainees' level of self-reported Asian stereotype endorsement, multicultural counseling competence, and motivation to respond without prejudice and their impact on White trainees' initial clinical judgment. Participants included 439 (350 females, 89 males) White psychology trainees across the US. It was expected that White trainees would show less concern regarding symptom severity and a more optimistic prognosis for Asian target clients compared to a White target client. Furthermore, it was expected that White trainees would show less concern for symptom severity and a more optimistic prognosis for an Asian international student target compared to an Asian American target client. Results of an ANOVA revealed that White trainees did show less concern for symptom severity and more optimistic prognosis for an Asian international target client compared to a White target client. However, the results showed no difference between the ratings of symptom severity and prognosis for an Asian international student versus an Asian American student target client. For ratings of prognosis, regression analyses identified interaction effects between target client race and Asian competence stereotype endorsement, and also between target client race and participants' age. For ratings of symptom severity, no interaction effects were found. However for White trainees who responded to Asian international student target client there was a main effect for multicultural awareness on ratings of symptom severity. Similarly, for White trainees who responded to the Asian American target client vignette, main effects were found for multicultural awareness and Asian competence stereotype endorsement on ratings of symptom severity. Implications for training, practice, and research are discussed.
Deceptive Body Movements Reverse Spatial Cueing in Soccer

The purpose of the experiments was to analyse the spatial cueing effects of the movements of soccer players executing normal and deceptive (step-over) turns with the ball. Stimuli comprised normal resolution or point-light video clips of soccer players dribbling a football towards the observer then turning right or left with the ball. Clips were curtailed before or on the turn (−160, −80, 0 or +80 ms) to examine the time course of direction prediction and spatial cueing effects. Participants were divided into higher-skilled (HS) and lower-skilled (LS) groups according to soccer experience. In experiment 1, accuracy on full video clips was higher than on point-light but results followed the same overall pattern. Both HS and LS groups correctly identified direction on normal moves at all occlusion levels. For deceptive moves, LS participants were significantly worse than chance and HS participants were somewhat more accurate but nevertheless substantially impaired. In experiment 2, point-light clips were used to cue a lateral target. HS and LS groups showed faster reaction times to targets that were congruent with the direction of normal turns, and to targets incongruent with the direction of deceptive turns. The reversed cueing by deceptive moves coincided with earlier kinematic events than cueing by normal moves. It is concluded that the body kinematics of soccer players generate spatial cueing effects when viewed from an opponent's perspective. This could create a reaction time advantage when anticipating the direction of a normal move. A deceptive move is designed to turn this cueing advantage into a disadvantage. Acting on the basis of advance information, the presence of deceptive moves primes responses in the wrong direction, which may be only partly mitigated by delaying a response until veridical cues emerge.
The Parental Divorce Transition: Divorce-Related Stressors and Well-Being.

The Double ABC-X Model of family stress was used to develop a theoretical model of the parental divorce transition. Interview data from 125 former spouses with children were analyzed to investigate the relationship between divorce-related stressors and post divorce well-being. Divorce-related stressors included economic, housing, legal, parent-child, and former spouse components. Well-being included self-esteem, parenting satisfaction, and economic well-being. Using multivariate regression the results indicated that parents' divorce transition was characterized by major role shifts. For custodial mothers, economic well-being correlated negatively with legal stressors. Other significant independent variables were income during marriage, employment, education, number of children, and her remarriage. For noncustodial fathers, parenting satisfaction was correlated negatively with legal and parent-child stressors.
Perceptual models of preference in 3D printing direction

This paper introduces a perceptual model for determining 3D printing orientations. Additive manufacturing methods involving low-cost 3D printers often require robust branching support structures to prevent material collapse at overhangs. Although the designed shape can successfully be made by adding supports, residual material remains at the contact points after the supports have been removed, resulting in unsightly surface artifacts. Moreover, fine surface details on the fabricated model can easily be damaged while removing supports. To prevent the visual impact of these artifacts, we present a method to find printing directions that avoid placing supports in perceptually significant regions. Our model for preference in 3D printing direction is formulated as a combination of metrics including area of support, visual saliency, preferred viewpoint and smoothness preservation. We develop a training-and-learning methodology to obtain a closed-form solution for our perceptual model and perform a large-scale study. We demonstrate the performance of this perceptual model on both natural and man-made objects.
A comparative analysis of information systems issues facing Canadian business

A national survey of 158 Canadian IS personnel at various organizational levels was conducted using a modified Delphi technique and follow-up interviews to identify the critical issues in information systems during the next three to five years. Critical information systems issues were identified including: building a responsive IT infrastructure; improving IS project management practices; and planning and managing communication networks. Significant differences in the rating of the importance of these issues were reported between small and large firms, private and public sector firms, IS executives and lower levels of IS personnel. A comparison of the current results with previous US and Canadian studies revealed that Canadian IS personnel are placing a stronger emphasis on the need to address technology-related issues rather than managerial issues.
erotonergic activation of locomotor behavior and posture in one-day ld rats illary

The purpose of this study was to determine what dose of quipazine, a serotonergic agonist, facilitates air-stepping and induces postural control and patterns of locomotion in newborn rats. Subjects in both experiments were 1-day-old rat pups. In Experiment 1, pups were restrained and tested for air-stepping in a 35-min test session. Immediately following a 5-min baseline, pups were treated with quipazine (1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle control), administered intraperitoneally in a 50 L injection. Bilateral alternating stepping occurred most frequently following treatment with 10.0 mg/kg quipazine, however the percentage of alternating steps, interlimb phase, and step period were very similar between the 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg doses. For interlimb phase, the forelimbs and hindlimbs maintained a near perfect antiphase pattern of coordination, with step period averaging about 1 s. In Experiment 2, pups were treated with 3.0 or 10.0 mg/kg quipazine or saline, and then were placed on a surface (open field, unrestrained). Both doses of quipazine resulted in developmentally advanced postural control and locomotor patterns, including head elevation, postural stances, pivoting, crawling, and a few instances of quadrupedal walking. The 3.0 mg/kg dose of quipazine was the most effective at evoking sustained locomotion. Between the 2 experiments, behavior exhibited by the rat pup varied based on testing environment, emphasizing the role that environment and sensory cues exert over motor behavior. Overall, quipazine administered at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg was highly effective at promoting alternating limb coordination and inducing locomotor activity in both testing environments.
THE SIGNATURE OF POSITIVE SELECTION ON STANDING GENETIC VARIATION

Abstract Considerable interest is focused on the use of polymorphism data to identify regions of the genome that underlie recent adaptations. These searches are guided by a simple model of positive selection, in which a mutation is favored as soon as it arises. This assumption may not be realistic, as environmental changes and range expansions may lead previously neutral or deleterious alleles to become beneficial. We examine what effect this mode of selection has on patterns of variation at linked neutral sites by implementing a new coalescent model of positive directional selection on standing variation. In this model, a neutral allele arises and drifts in the population, then at frequency f becomes beneficial, and eventually reaches fixation. Depending on the value of f, this scenario can lead to a large variance in allele frequency spectra and in levels of linkage disequilibrium at linked, neutral sites. In particular, for intermediate f, the beneficial substitution often leads to a loss of rare alleles—a pattern that differs markedly from the signature of directional selection currently relied on by researchers. These findings highlight the importance of an accurate characterization of the effects of positive selection, if we are to reliably identify recent adaptations from polymorphism data.
A qutrit Quantum Key Distribution protocol using Bell inequalities with larger violation capabilities

The Ekert quantum key distribution protocol [1] uses pairs of entangled qubits and performs checks based on a Bell inequality to detect eavesdropping. The 3DEB protocol [2] uses instead pairs of entangled qutrits to achieve better noise resistance than the Ekert protocol. It performs checks based on a Bell inequality for qutrits named CHSH-3 and found in [3, 4]. In this paper, we present a new protocol, which also uses pairs of entangled qutrits, but gaining advantage of a Bell inequality which achieves better noise resistance than the one used in 3DEB. The latter inequality is called here hCHSH-3 and was discovered in [5]. For each party, the hCHSH-3 inequality involves four observables already used in CHSH-3 but also two products of observables which do not commute. We explain how the parties can measure the observables corresponding to these products and thus are able to check the violation of hCHSH-3. In the presence of noise, this violation guarantees the security against a local Trojan horse attack. We also designed a version of our protocol which is secure against individual attacks.
Additional effect of dentifrices on the instant efficacy of toothbrushing.

BACKGROUND Inconclusive evidence exists in the literature with regard to the additional effect of the use of dentifrice on plaque removal. The present study was undertaken to test whether the use of dentifrice during toothbrushing contributes to the instant cleaning efficacy of the brushing procedure. METHODS Three groups of patients, 40 subjects each, were randomly assigned to one of three dentifrices that differed with respect to the relative dentin abrasivity (RDA) value. After a 48-hour plaque accumulation, subjects brushed under supervision in a split-mouth order with or without the use of dentifrice (total time=2 minutes). RESULTS Plaque reductions varied between 51% and 58% for the three dentifrices. The overall analysis showed a mean difference of 3% in plaque reduction in favor of brushing without dentifrice (P=0.017). The type of dentifrice did not influence this observed difference (P=0.506). Also, the order of the brushing procedure (starting the brushing procedure with or without dentifrice) had no interaction with the effect of dentifrice on the brushing (P=0.187). CONCLUSIONS The use of dentifrice does not contribute to the instant mechanical plaque removal during manual toothbrushing. A higher dentifrice abrasivity does not seem to contribute to increased plaque removal with a manual toothbrush. It appears that the mechanical action provided by the use of a toothbrush is the main factor in the plaque-removing process.
O desenvolvimento psicossocial e educacional de indivíduos com anomalias faciais

Esta revisao reune dados da literatura cientifica atual sobre o desenvolvimento psicossocial e educacional de individuos portadores de anomalias craniofaciais2. vE possivel observar uma tendencia, no tratamento desses individuos, de focalizar todos os niveis de complexidade, nao apenas objeti~ ando o seu restabelecimento funcional e anatomico, mas tambem o desenvolvimento de uma pessoa saudavel, no conceito mais amplo de bem-estar emocional, social e profissional. Para que esse objetivo seja plenamente alcancado? e imprescindivel uma atencao educacional inclusive e propulsora, com o envolvimento de todos os profissionais. sejam da area da saude ou da area educacional, em convivio com esses pacientes.
The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology: Computational Models in Personality and Social Psychology

This chapter focuses on cognitive as opposed to sensori-motor skills and on models that create or alter symbolic knowledge representations. It deals briefly with models that learn by adjusting quantitative properties of knowledge structures. Although occasionally referring to empirical studies, the chapter is primarily a review of theoretical concepts. It proceeds on the assumption that each hypothesis contains some grain of truth to be extracted and incorporated into future models. The learning mechanism is a more finegrained unit than the model or the cognitive architecture. Cognitive descriptions of processes in the mind are functional descriptions of what this or that piece of wetware is doing, what function it carries out. This perspective points to the need to understand the relation between learning mechanisms and modes of neural plasticity.
The Embodiment of Gender and Madness in Colonial Fiji

This paper presents findings into the history and construction of madness in colonial Fiji, primarily through the lens of gender. It is based upon original research at St Giles, currently still a major psychiatric institution in the Pacific Islands that was founded as Fiji's Public Lunatic Asylum in 1884. The paper emphasises a gendered history of madness that was embodied. Moral insanity remained a dominant discourse but was reflected in the corporeal world, as the mad (gendered) body was the object that was worked on. This paper also explores this in Fiji concerning a specifically female form of insanity, considered inextricably linked with women's bodies: the once common diagnosis of puerperal insanity. The bulk of the paper concerns the gendering of madness discourse. I consider this through narratives of gender roles, constructs of madness, especially sex and ethnic stereotypes, in which work and sexuality were embodied.
Fast Query for Large Treebanks

A variety of query systems have been developed for interrogating parsed corpora, or treebanks. With the arrival of efficient, wide-coverage parsers, it is feasible to create very large databases of trees. However, existing approaches that use in-memory search, or relational or XML database technologies, do not scale up. We describe a method for storage, indexing, and query of treebanks that uses an information retrieval engine. Several experiments with a large treebank demonstrate excellent scaling characteristics for a wide range of query types. This work facilitates the curation of much larger treebanks, and enables them to be used effectively in a variety of scientific and engineering tasks.
Staged anticonvulsant screening for chronic epilepsy

Current anticonvulsant screening programs are based on seizures evoked in normal animals. One‐third of epileptic patients do not respond to the anticonvulsants discovered with these models. We evaluated a tiered program based on chronic epilepsy and spontaneous seizures, with compounds advancing from high‐throughput in vitro models to low‐throughput in vivo models.
Surrogate Model of Multi-Period Flexibility from a Home Energy Management System

Near-future electric distribution grids operation will have to rely on demand-side flexibility, both by implementation of demand response strategies and by taking advantage of the intelligent management of increasingly common small-scale energy storage. Home energy management systems (HEMS) will play a crucial role on the flexibility provision to both system operators and market players like aggregators. Modeling multi-period flexibility from residential consumers (HEMS flexibility), such as battery storage and electric water heater, while complying with internal constraints (comfort levels, data privacy) and uncertainty is a complex task. This paper describes a computational method that is capable of efficiently define and learn the feasible flexibility set from controllable resources connected to a HEMS. An Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) algorithm is adopted and reshaped to derive a set of feasible temporal trajectories for the residential net-load, considering storage, flexible appliances, and predefined costumer preferences, as well as load and photovoltaic (PV) forecast uncertainty. A support vector data description (SVDD) algorithm is used to build models capable of classifying feasible and unfeasible HEMS operating trajectories upon request from an optimization/control algorithm operated by a DSO or market player.