Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Labor of a Lifetime?

Objectives: The structural aging of the population and withdrawal of older people from the labor force have become common themes within Western social policy discourse and have particular relevance to policy development around health and aging. The current study examines whether particular occupation types are associated with both poor health and an increased likelihood of labor force exit. Methods: Longitudinal data are used to examine workforce participation among older Australians (aged between 55 and 64, in 2002). Results: Older workers in trades, labor, and production occupations, the majority of whom are men, have poorer general health than their counterparts in other occupations and are also the most likely to exit the workforce. Discussion: These findings suggest that a number of older men in Australia (and, indeed, elsewhere) may face both poor health and limited employment opportunities in areas that match their abilities and experience. These individuals may experience a number of years out of the labor force, highlighting a role for targeted policies and programs.
Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organization

The paper traces the relationship between attachment processes and the development of the capacity to envision mental states in self and others. We suggest that the ability to mentalize, to represent behavior in terms of mental states, or to have “a theory of mind” is a key determinant of self-organization which is acquired in the context of the child's early social relationships. Evidence for an association between the quality of attachment relationship and reflective function in the parent and the child is reviewed and interpreted in the context of current models of theory of mind development. A model of the development of self-organization is proposed which has at its core the caregiver's ability to communicate understanding of the child's intentional stance. The implications of the model for pathological self-development are explored, with specific reference to the consequences of maltreatment.
Looking for the Self in Pathological Unconsciousness

There is an intimate relationship between consciousness and the notion of self. By studying patients with disorders of consciousness, we are offered with a unique lesion approach to tackle the neural correlates of self in the absence of subjective reports. Studies employing neuroimaging techniques point to the critical involvement of midline anterior and posterior cortices in response to the passive presentation of self-referential stimuli, such as the patient’s own name and own face. Also, resting state studies show that these midline regions are severely impaired as a function of the level of consciousness. Theoretical frameworks combining all this progress surpass the functional localization of self-related cognition and suggest a dynamic system-level approach to the phenomenological complexity of subjectivity. Importantly for non-communicating patients suffering from disorders of consciousness, the clinical translation of these technologies will allow medical professionals and families to better comprehend these disorders and plan efficient medical management for these patients.
State of the Art Review: Poverty and the Developing Brain

In the United States, >40% of children are either poor or near-poor. As a group, children in poverty are more likely to experience worse health and more developmental delay, lower achievement, and more behavioral and emotional problems than their more advantaged peers; however, there is broad variability in outcomes among children exposed to similar conditions. Building on a robust literature from animal models showing that environmental deprivation or enrichment shapes the brain, there has been increasing interest in understanding how the experience of poverty may shape the brain in humans. In this review, we summarize research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and brain development, focusing on studies published in the last 5 years. Drawing on a conceptual framework informed by animal models, we highlight neural plasticity, epigenetics, material deprivation (eg, cognitive stimulation, nutrient deficiencies), stress (eg, negative parenting behaviors), and environmental toxins as factors that may shape the developing brain. We then summarize the existing evidence for the relationship between child poverty and brain structure and function, focusing on brain areas that support memory, emotion regulation, and higher-order cognitive functioning (ie, hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex) and regions that support language and literacy (ie, cortical areas of the left hemisphere). We then consider some limitations of the current literature and discuss the implications of neuroscience concepts and methods for interventions in the pediatric medical home.
Double thick copper BEOL in advanced HR SOI RF CMOS technology: Integration of high performance inductors for RF front end module

This paper presents high-Q and high current on-chip inductors integrated in a six copper metal level radio frequency (RF) back end of line (BEOL), including two 3 mum thick top metallizations, in an advanced high resistivity (HR) SOI CMOS technology. Inductors achieved on HR SOI CMOS technology using this optimized RF BEOL are reported, compared with standard BEOL, and firstly benchmarked with current ones fabricated in dedicated passive component technologies (integrated passive device (IPD) on glass or RF substrates). According to measurement results, reported SOI inductors offer quality factor Q greater than 30 and current capability up to 57 mA/mum @ 125 degC, performances largely comparable to those obtained in IPD technologies, and required for RF front-end module design.
KNOTS AND BRAIDS

In this paper we examine two physically-inspired objects, knots and braids. The two are intimately related because when we connect the ends of a braid, we end up with a knot or link. We show that braids can be defined algebraically, geometrically, and topologically, and we determine when two braids will yield the same knot. Finally, we prove that every knot or link is the closure of some braid.
Kernel Principal Component Analysis through Time for Voice Disorder Classification

Kernel Principal Component analysis is a nonlinear generalization of the popular linear multivariate analysis method. However, this method assumes that the observed data is independent, a disadvantage for many practical applications. In order to overcome this difficulty, the authors propose a combination of Kernel Principal Component analysis and hidden Markov models. The novelty of the proposed method consists mainly in the way in which a static dimensionality reduction technique has been combined with a classic mixture model in time, to enhance the capabilities of transformation, reduction and classification of voice disorder data. Experimental results show improvements in classification accuracies even with highly reduced representations of the two databases used
Association between casino opening or expansion and risk of childhood overweight and obesity.

IMPORTANCE Economic resources have been inversely associated with risk of childhood overweight/obesity. Few studies have evaluated whether this association is a direct effect of economic resources or is attributable to unmeasured confounding or reverse causation. American Indian-owned casinos have resulted in increased economic resources for some tribes and provide an opportunity to test whether these resources are associated with overweight/obesity. OBJECTIVE To assess whether openings or expansions of American Indian-owned casinos were associated with childhood overweight/obesity risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We used repeated cross-sectional anthropometric measurements from fitness testing of American Indian children (aged 7-18 years) from 117 school districts that encompassed tribal lands in California between 2001 and 2012. Children in school districts encompassing American Indian tribal lands that either gained or expanded a casino were compared with children in districts with tribal lands that did not gain or expand a casino. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Per capita annual income, median annual household income, percentage of population in poverty, total population, child overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th age- and sex-specific percentile) and BMI z score. RESULTS Of the 117 school districts, 57 gained or expanded a casino, 24 had a preexisting casino but did not expand, and 36 never had a casino. The mean slots per capita was 7 (SD, 12) and the median was 3 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.3-8). Among districts where a casino opened or expanded, the mean change in slots per capita was 13 (SD, 19) and the median was 3 (IQR, 1-11). Forty-eight percent of the anthropometric measurements were classified as overweight/obese (11,048/22,863). Every casino slot machine per capita gained was associated with an increase in per capita annual income (β = $541; 95% CI, $245-$836) and a decrease in percentage in poverty (β = -0.6%; 95% CI, -1.1% to -0.20%) among American Indians living on tribal lands. Among American Indian children, every slot machine per capita gained was associated with a decreased probability of overweight/obesity by 0.19 percentage points (95% CI, -0.26 to -0.11 percentage points) and a decrease in BMI z score (β = -0.003; 95% CI, -0.005 to -0.0002). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, opening or expanding a casino was associated with increased economic resources and decreased risk of childhood overweight/obesity. Given the limitations of an ecological study, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms behind this association.
Portraits of the L2 User

1. Background to the Second Language User Perspective - Vivian Cook (University of Essex) 2. Lexical Representation and Lexical Processing in the Second Language User - Annette de Groot (University of Amsterdam) 3. The Phonology of the Second Language User - Roy Major (University of Arizona) 4. A Minimalist Approach to the Second Language Solves a Dilemma of Universal Grammar - Suzanne Flynn (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Barbara Lust (Cornell University) 5. Development of Second Language Functional Use - Clive Perdue (University of Paris) 6. Cognitive Processes of Second Language Users - Ellen Bialystok (York University) 7. Portrait of the Bilingual Child - Fred Genesee (McGill University) 8. The Neurolinguistics of Bilingual Language Users - Franco Fabbro (Istituto Scientifico "E Medea", Italy) 9. Individual Differences on Second Language Fluency: The Effect of Neurobiological Correlates - Jean-Marc Dewaele (Birkbeck College, London) 10. Language Attrition: tests. Self-assessments and Perceptions - Kees de Bot and Madeleine Hulsen (University of Nijmegen) 11. Poststructuralist Approaches to the Study of Social Factors in Second Language Learning and Use - Aneta Pavlenko (Temple University) 12. Second Language Learner's Rights - Francisco Gomes-da-Matos (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil) 13. Language Teaching Methodology and the L2 User Perspective - Vivian Cook (University of Essex)
DNA Methylation Profiling of Breast Cancer Cell Lines along the Epithelial Mesenchymal Spectrum—Implications for the Choice of Circulating Tumour DNA Methylation Markers

Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a dynamic process whereby epithelial carcinoma cells reversibly acquire morphological and invasive characteristics typical of mesenchymal cells, which facilitates metastasis. Understanding the methylation differences between epithelial and mesenchymal states may assist in the identification of optimal DNA methylation biomarkers for the blood-based monitoring of cancer. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) was used to examine the promoter methylation status of a panel of established and novel markers in a range of breast cancer cell lines spanning the epithelial-mesenchymal spectrum. Pyrosequencing was used to validate the MS-HRM results. The results indicate an overall distinction in methylation between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. The mesenchymal expression markers VIM, DKK3 and CRABP1 were methylated in the majority of epithelial breast cancer cell lines while methylation of the epithelial expression markers GRHL2, MIR200C and CDH1 was restricted to mesenchymal cell lines. We also examined EMP association of several methylation markers that have been used to assess minimal residual disease. Markers such as AKR1B1 and APC methylation proved to be selective for epithelial breast cell lines, however RASSF1A, RARß, TWIST1 and SFRP2 methylation was seen in both epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines, supporting their suitability for a multi-marker panel.
EXTRACTION OF SPATIAL OBJECTS FROM LASER-SCANNING DATA USING A CLUSTERING

This paper explores a novel approach to the extraction of spatial objects from the laser-scanning data using an unsupervised clustering technique. The technique, namely self-organizing maps (SOM), creates a set of neurons following a training process based on the input point clouds with attributes of xyz coordinates and the return intensity of laser-scanning data. The set of neurons constitutes a two dimensional planar map, with which each neuron has best match points from an input point cloud with similar properties. Because of its high capacity in data clustering, outlier detection and visualization, SOM provides a powerful technique for the extraction of spatial objects from laser-scanning data. The approach is validated by a case study applied to a point cloud captured using a terrestrial laser-scanning device.
Feminizing the boardroom: a study of the effects of corporatization on the number and status of women directors in New Zealand companies

Changes to government policy, deregulation and corporatization in New Zealand have influenced the number and status of women on boards of directors. Using company records, archival material and interviews, examines gender equity on boards of directors in New Zealand and compares the progress of women on the boards of corporate companies in the private sector with those on crown company boards in the public sector. While increasing numbers of New Zealand women are entering the business arena, they continue to be underrepresented in the boardrooms and there exists a clear disparity between gender representation on the boards of crown and corporate companies with women being disadvantaged in the private sector. Includes interview material from women who have successfully achieved directorships and examines the approaches they adopted. Outlines some positive steps to assist women in the bid for corporate directorship, but suggests that the challenge of changing corporate and societal attitudes remains.
Natural Treg in autoimmune diabetes: all present and correct?

Background: The critical role for regulatory T cells (Treg) in suppressing autoimmune pathology is now well recognised. However, the extent to which defects in regulation can be blamed for the onset of diseases like type 1 diabetes is not clear. Objective: To collate the available data from mouse models and from studies of type 1 diabetes patients, with a view to understanding the status of the natural Treg compartment in this disease setting. Results/conclusion: Available evidence suggests that natural Treg are not under-represented in type 1 diabetes, and that Treg function is only likely to be suboptimal in a subset of patients. Emerging therapeutic strategies that attempt to exploit our knowledge of Treg biology to restore effective immune regulation in type I diabetes are discussed.
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 3 mosaicism in a fetus with severe IUGR

We describe a case of mosaic trisomy 3 in an amniotic fluid sample, referred for testing with regards to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on ultrasound scan. The propositus was born to a healthy G3,P2 26year-old woman. Her nuchal translucency ultrasound scan at 11 weeks’ gestation was normal. At 19 weeks, her ultrasound suggested the limbs were shorter than expected and a full anatomy scan at 23 weeks demonstrated poor growth, mild rhizomelic shortening of the limbs with otherwise normal anatomy and normal dopplers. The estimated fetal weight was 316 g (N : 540 g), biparietal diameter (52 mm) and head circumference (194 mm) were at the 5th percentile and long bones’ measurements were well below the 5th percentile (femur length 27 mm). An amniocentesis was performed at 22 weeks’ gestation. The amniotic fluid was received for rapid aneuscreen by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and routine cytogenetic analysis. The examination of 19 colonies from 4 independent amniotic fluid cultures revealed an abnormal male mosaic karyotype. Three colonies (16%) had trisomy for chromosome 3. The remaining 16 colonies had an apparently normal male karyotype, resulting in a final karyotype of 47,XY,+3[3]/46,XY[16]. Extracted DNA was negative for the c.1138G>A (p.G380R) mutation in the FGFR3 gene that causes achondroplasia. Persistent fetal growth retardation led to a decision to deliver at 34 weeks’ gestation. A healthy, although severely growth-restricted, male baby was born with a birth weight of 1280 g (−3.6 SD), length 39 cm (−4.0 SD) and head circumference 28.5 cm (−3.3 SD). Apart from bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly, there were no dysmorphic findings. Placental examination revealed a placental weight of 169 g (less than the 3rd percentile for gestation). Histology revealed the presence of a mild chronic villitis of unknown etiology, hydropic stem villi and increased syncytial knotting. The baby had an unremarkable neonatal course. Investigations revealed normal head and renal ultrasounds
Modeling Spatial Patterns of Traffic-Related Air Pollutants in Complex Urban Terrain

Background The relationship between traffic emissions and mobile-source air pollutant concentrations is highly variable over space and time and therefore difficult to model accurately, especially in urban settings with complex terrain. Regression-based approaches using continuous real-time mobile measurements may be able to characterize spatiotemporal variability in traffic-related pollutant concentrations but require methods to incorporate temporally varying meteorology and source strength in a physically interpretable fashion. Objective We developed a statistical model to assess the joint impact of both meteorology and traffic on measured concentrations of mobile-source air pollutants over space and time. Methods In this study, traffic-related air pollutants were continuously measured in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York (USA), which is affected by traffic on a large bridge and major highway. One-minute average concentrations of ultrafine particulate matter (UFP), fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)], and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured using a mobile-monitoring protocol. Regression modeling approaches to quantify the influence of meteorology, traffic volume, and proximity to major roadways on pollutant concentrations were used. These models incorporated techniques to capture spatial variability, long- and short-term temporal trends, and multiple sources. Results We observed spatial heterogeneity of both UFP and PM2.5 concentrations. A variety of statistical methods consistently found a 15–20% decrease in UFP concentrations within the first 100 m from each of the two major roadways. For PM2.5, temporal variability dominated spatial variability, but we observed a consistent linear decrease in concentrations from the roadways. Conclusions The combination of mobile monitoring and regression analysis was able to quantify local source contributions relative to background while accounting for physically interpretable parameters. Our results provide insight into urban exposure gradients.
Development of an Instrument To Measure Students' Views of Classroom Management.

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to examine students' behaviors in physical education classes that might have an impact on classroom management and student learning. The study was conducted in multiple phases, including instrument development, preliminary study, content validity study, and a reliability and validity study. Participants for the content validity study were 27 experts in sport pedagogy. They were sent items from the management instrument and were asked to organize them into three severity categories. Participants for the reliability and validity study were 2,309 middle and high school students from 2 states. Statistical results indicate that an instrument that produces reliable and valid scores was developed to measure students' perceptions of classroom management in physical education settings. Investigating students' views in this area will lead to a better understanding of management issues and behaviors that interfere with students' ability to learn. (Contains 3 tables and 38 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Classroom Management Instrument 1 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE STUDENTS' VIEWS OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Wayne State University Donetta Cothran, Indiana University Rey Regualos, Wayne State University Send correspondence to: Pamela Hodges Kulinna Assistant Professor Wayne State University College of Education 263 Matthaei Building Detroit, MI 48202 Phone: (313) 577-9847 Fax: (313) 577-9300 E-mail: P.Kulinna@wayne.edu Running Head: Classroom Management Instrument PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Roles, duties and challenges of special/support teachers at secondary education: implications for promoting inclusive practices

Recent inclusive policy directives and advice offered to schools strongly recommend special/support teachers to expand their role and extend their duties. In light of this, we investigated how Greek secondary special/support teachers perceive and experience their role, work profile and the challenges they encounter. Qualitative analysis revealed that participants perceived their role as multidimensional, but focused on its reactive rather than proactive aspect. Role ambiguity, confusing expectations, lack of collaboration and the devalued position within the teaching staff of the school were some of the complexities reported. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for advancing teachers’ professional development and promoting inclusive practices within secondary education schools.
Decoding of LDPC codes with binary vector messages and scalable complexity

In this paper, an iterative decoder for LDPC codes, suitable for high-speed processing, is proposed and analyzed. The messages exchanged between the nodes are binary vectors, where the information is conveyed by the number of ones rather than their positions in the vector. Regarding this aspect, the approach exhibits some similarities to stochastic decoding techniques. The check node decoders perform simple bit-wise modulo-2 additions, whereas the variable node decoders perform more complex processing tasks, making the resulting structure attractive for high-speed hardware implementation. By selecting the length of the binary vector messages between one and infinity, the complexity and the performance of the decoder can be scaled between that of the original binary message passing algorithm and that of the sum-product algorithm. Density evolution is developed for the proposed decoding algorithm, and decoding thresholds are determined as functions of the length of the binary vector messages. Simulation results exemplify the performance for finite-length codes.
Polymorphisms in RAD51, XRCC2, and XRCC3 Are Not Related to Breast Cancer Risk

Highly penetrant, but rare, mutations in genes involved in double-strand break repair (i.e., BRCA1 and BRCA2 ) are associated with a risk for breast cancer of 40% to 65% by age 70 years ([1][1], [2][2]). Polymorphisms in other double-strand break repair genes are thought to contribute to the risk