Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Necessity of Bodily Awareness for Bodily Action

There appears to be an intimate connection between feeling our limbs 'from the inside' and our power to act directly with them. This essay attempts to evaluate the strongest understanding of the connection between bodily awareness and bodily agency: that feeling a body part 'from the inside' is necessary for any instance of acting directly with that body part. The most influential defence of this claim is to be found in O'Shaughnessy's work on action. I lay out O'Shaughnessy's arguments and analyse them. It turns out that there are two different strands implicit in O'Shaughnessy's account. I tease these strands apart and evaluate them separately. I then consider three counterexamples against his account: (one) deafferented agents; (two) direct brain control of physical apparatus made possible by brain-machine interface technologies; and (three) the automatic character of the majority of our bodily actions. Each case presents different difficulties for O'Shaughnessy. I end by drawing the upshot of these counterexamples for O'Shaughnessy and explore to what extent he can respond to them. Hong Yu Wong University College London
Mean shift point-mass level-of-detail

This paper proposes a novel image detail metric based on the mean shift segmentation procedure in which level-of-detail is expressed as a measure of local point concentration. Regions containing significant numbers of points are identified as low detail, while those made up of fewer points are assigned higher detail scores. This somewhat counterintuitive approach is based on the understanding that points in low detail and homogeneous regions are highly clustered, while those found in more detailed and diverse regions are not. Exact point concentrations vary considerably over a photograph, producing a multitude of intermediate detail levels. Local detail scores are computed for each segmented image region. Once combined, these values form a global detail map. This research is primarily motivated by a desire to quantify picture detail in the field of image quality analysis.
Hybrid Flying Capacitor cascaded multilevel inverter

The paper presents an analysis of multilevel inverter, which comprised of cascaded 5-level Flying Capacitor (FC) cell and standard 3-level H-bridge cells. The advantages of the proposed inverter upon standard topologies are significant reduction of electrical components and as a result, lower size and weight. Moreover, the proposed inverter has simplified control algorithm due to the reduction of the number of switched capacitors. The proposed approach can be easily extended to any desired number of voltage levels. Extensive simulation results validate the practicability of the proposed inverter. Several aspects as Total Harmonic Distortion Factor of the inverter output currents, and voltages, harmonic content, and frequency spectrum distribution are studied.
What is karma? Quantifying online inﬂuence and credibility

Many online communities explicitly publicize the concept of karma or reputation for users, computed as a sum of positive votes by other members of the community. These explicit measures are often seen as proxies for more intangible notions such as influence (the ability of a member to persuade others) and credibility (the trustworthiness of the user as an member of the community). In this paper, we describe the range of network characteristics, interactions, and temporal factors that affect the accumulation of karma points. In order to confirm our intuitions about influential network characteristics, we evaluate our features on datasets that contain an explicit measure of karma. However, our primary motivation in developing a model that enables generalization to private communities without a concept of “voting” for users but with an implied network structure. For example, our findings can be applied to e-mail interaction graphs to determine a private “karma” score for members of an organization, and to subsequently identify users who have high influence and credibility. Our paper is organized as follows: we begin by describing prior studies of interaction networks in Section 2. Afterwards, we discuss our collection of data from two disparate online communities: Hacker News and Super User, and the conversion into an interaction graph structure. In Section 4 we examine different properties of these networks and how they relate to karma and reputation. Using our results, we train classifiers in Section 5 that are able to identify high-karma individuals with an improvement over our baseline measure. Finally, we conclude with future directions of research in Section 6.
The Dogma of Isomorphism: A Case Study from Speech Perception

In this paper I provide a metatheoretical analysis of speech perception research. I argue that the central turning point in the history of speech perception research has not been well understood. While it is widely thought to mark a decisive break with what I call "the alphabetic conception of speech," I argue that it instead marks the entrenchment of this conception of speech. In addition, I argue that the alphabetic conception of speech continues to underwrite speech perception research today and moreover that it functions as a dogma which ought to be rejected.
Estimating porosity with ground‐penetrating radar reflection tomography: A controlled 3‐D experiment at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site

To evaluate the uncertainty of water‐saturated sediment velocity and porosity estimates derived from surface‐based, ground‐penetrating radar reflection tomography, we conducted a controlled field experiment at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site (BHRS). The BHRS is an experimental well field located near Boise, Idaho. The experimental data set consisted of 3‐D multioffset radar acquired on an orthogonal 20 × 30 m surface grid that encompassed a set of 13 boreholes. Experimental control included (1) 1‐D vertical velocity functions determined from traveltime inversion of vertical radar profiles (VRP) and (2) neutron porosity logs. We estimated the porosity distribution in the saturated zone using both the Topp and Complex Refractive Index Method (CRIM) equations and found the CRIM estimates in better agreement with the neutron logs. We found that when averaged over the length of the borehole, surface‐derived velocity measurements were within 5% of the VRP velocities and that the porosity differed from the neutron log by less than 0.05. The uncertainty, however, is scale dependent. We found that the standard deviation of differences between ground‐penetrating‐radar‐derived and neutron‐log‐derived porosity values was as high as 0.06 at an averaging length of 0.25 m but decreased to less than 0.02 at length scale of 11 m. Additionally, we used the 3‐D porosity distribution to identify a relatively high‐porosity anomaly (i.e., local sedimentary body) within a lower‐porosity unit and verified the presence of the anomaly using the neutron porosity logs. Since the reflection tomography approach requires only surface data, it can provide rapid assessment of bulk hydrologic properties, identify meter‐scale anomalies of hydrologic significance, and may provide input for other higher‐resolution measurement methods.
Correlates of the Intention to Implement a Tailored Physical Activity Intervention: Perceptions of Intermediaries

The public health impact of health behaviour interventions is highly dependent on large-scale implementation. Intermediaries—intervention providers—determine to a large extent whether an intervention reaches the target population, and hence its impact on public health. A cross-sectional study was performed to identify the correlates of intermediaries’ intention to implement a computer-tailored physical activity intervention. According to theory, potential correlates are intervention characteristics, organisational characteristics, socio-political characteristics and intermediary characteristics. This study investigated whether intermediary characteristics mediated the association between the intervention, organisational and socio-political characteristics and intention to implement the intervention. Results showed that intervention characteristics (i.e., observability (B = 0.53; p = 0.006); relative advantage (B = 0.79; p = 0.020); complexity (B = 0.80; p < 0.001); compatibility (B = 0.70; p < 0.001)), organisational characteristics (i.e., type of organization (B = 0.38; p = 0.002); perceived task responsibility (B = 0.66; p ≤ 0.001); capacity (B = 0.83; p < 0.001)), and the social support received by intermediary organisations (B = 0.81; p < 0.001) were associated with intention to implement the intervention. These factors should thus be targeted by an implementation strategy. Since self-efficacy and social norms perceived by the intermediary organisations partially mediated the effects of other variables on intention to implement the intervention (varying between 29% and 84%), these factors should be targeted to optimise the effectiveness of the implementation strategy.
PUBLIC ACCEPTABILITY OF TRAFFIC DEMAND MANAGEMENT IN EUROPE

This paper reports on a survey of the public acceptability of transport pricing carried out as part of the European Commission, DG VII (now DG TREN), project TransPrice (Trans-Modal Integrated Urban Transport Pricing for Optimum Modal Split). Based, amongst others, on the 1995 EC green paper 'Towards fair and efficient pricing in transport', TransPrice aimed to demonstrate the potential benefits of several demand management and mode-choice pricing measures by modelling and real-life applications. The method used was to examine the potential user response as well as the road traffic operational, socio-economic, financial and behavioural effects of pricing measures by means of travel behaviour analysis and stated preference analysis and by a traffic simulation for several alternative trans-modal pricing scenarios. One of the main purposes of the project was the analysis of the acceptability which the demonstrated or proposed new measures got or would get if introduced.
Substellar companions and isolated planetary-mass objects from protostellar disc fragmentation

Self-gravitating protostellar discs are unstable to fragmentation if the gas can cool on a time-scale that is short compared with the orbital period. We use a combination of hydrodynamic simulations and N-body orbit integrations to study the long-term evolution of a fragmenting disc with an initial mass ratio to the star of M d i s c /M * = 0.1 I . For a disc that is initially unstable across a range of radii, a combination of collapse and subsequent accretion yields substellar objects with a spectrum of masses extending (for a Solar-mass star up to 0.01 M O . Subsequent gravitational evolution ejects most of the lower mass objects within a few million years, leaving a small number of very massive planets or brown dwarfs in eccentric orbits at moderately small radii. Based on these results, systems such as HD 168443 - in which the companions are close to or beyond the deuterium homing limit - appear to be the best candidates to have formed via gravitational instability. If massive substellar companions originate from disc fragmentation, while lower-mass planetary companions originate from core accretion, the metallicity distribution of stars which host massive substellar companions at radii of ∼1 au should differ from that of stars with lower mass planetary companions.
Acoustic Strategies for Productio " retroflex " /

The variety of articulatory configurations used for American English rhotic liquids suggests that speakers used different articulatory strategies to achieve similar acoustic goals. In this paper, we focus on a variant of this liquid produced with strong retroflexion of the tongue tip and no sublingual space. Previous models of "bunched" articulatory configurations and less extreme "retroflex" versions of /r/ have ascribed the F3 resonance to the front cavity. In this paper, we propose that speakers who use the extreme retroflex version of /r/ have switched the cavity affiliation of F3 to the back cavity.
An open source implementation of the protocol for carrying authentication for network access: OpenPANA

PANA is the standard proposed by the IETF to carry out network access authentication regardless the underlying access technology. Recently, the protocol has been selected as the standard in several network scenarios such as the Internet of Things and machine-to-machine communications, among others. However, the lack of open source implementations of the standard does not facilitate the testing and deployment of the protocol in different network scenarios, which may hinder its broader expansion and adoption. In this article, we present OpenPANA, our open source contribution, which implements the standard PANA. We describe the design and implementation decisions around OpenPANA so that they can help other developers to create their own implementations. We also show different usage scenarios where the implementation has been considered and used. Finally, we provide performance results and an interoperability test that we have performed with CPANA, the other active open source implementation.
Integrated test scheduling, wrapper design, and TAM assignment for hierarchical SOC

System-on-chip (SOCs) test minimization has received a lot of attention in the past few years. However, most recent work assumed flat hierarchy. This assumption is unrealistic especially in the case of non-mergeable legacy cores that have been placed and routed. This paper presents an efficient approach for test scheduling hierarchical core-based systems based on simulated annealing. The method minimizes the overall test application time while performing wrapper design and TAM assignment. We present experimental results for various SOC examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Evaluation of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the rapid identification of glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a rapid method for distinguishing glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (GISA) from glycopeptide-susceptible methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and to compare three data analysis methods. METHODS First-derivative normalized spectra of dried films of bacterial growth on Que-Bact Universal Medium No. 2 were examined by singular value decomposition to identify key spectral regions. Region selection was analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), self-organizing maps (SOMs) and the K-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm. The initial data set included 35 GISA (including GISA Mu50 and heterogeneous GISA Mu3) and 25 epidemic MRSA. The regions were then tested using enlarged data sets that included 22 sporadic and 85 additional epidemic MRSA. RESULTS Epidemic MRSA and GISA/hGISA were separated into two distinct clusters on the basis of spectral data from regions 1352-1315 and 1480-1460 cm(-1), the former providing 100% correct classification by all three analyses and the latter providing 96.67% correct by PCA, 98.34% by SOM and 100% by KNN. The 1480-1460 cm(-1) region was more effective for distinguishing GISA/hGISA from a set combining sporadic and epidemic MRSA, with two GISA/hGISA and four sporadic MRSA misclassified by PCA and SOM (92.69% correct), while the KNN method misclassified three of the four sporadic MRSA (93.90% correct). The addition of 85 other epidemic MRSA this set increased the fraction of correctly classified isolates to 96.41% and 97.01% by PCA, SOM and KNN, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As only 6 of 167 isolates were misclassified, FTIR spectroscopy may provide means of rapid and accurate identification of GISA and hGISA among isolates of MRSA.
Cannabinoids Induce Cancer Cell Proliferation via Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Converting Enzyme (TACE/ADAM17)-Mediated Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Cannabinoids, the active components of marijuana and their endogenous counterparts were reported as useful analgetic agents to accompany primary cancer treatment by preventing nausea, vomiting, and pain and by stimulating appetite. Moreover, they have been shown to inhibit cell growth and to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Here, we demonstrate that anandamide, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), HU-210, and Win55,212-2 promote mitogenic kinase signaling in cancer cells. Treatment of the glioblastoma cell line U373-MG and the lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H292 with nanomolar concentrations of THC led to accelerated cell proliferation that was completely dependent on metalloprotease and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity. EGFR signal transactivation was identified as the mechanistic link between cannabinoid receptors and the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 as well as prosurvival protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) signaling. Depending on the cellular context, signal cross-communication was mediated by shedding of proAmphiregulin (proAR) and/or proHeparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (proHB-EGF) by tumor necrosis factor α converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17). Taken together, our data show that concentrations of THC comparable with those detected in the serum of patients after THC administration accelerate proliferation of cancer cells instead of apoptosis and thereby contribute to cancer progression in patients.
ects of 11-ketotestosterone on genital papilla morphology in the sex changing fish Lythrypnus dalli

Five days after implantation with 11-ketotestosterone (KT) female Lythrypnus dalli exhibited elevated urinary KT levels and male-like genital papilla morphology. Papilla length increased, width decreased, and length : width ratio increased. Control fish exhibited increases in papilla length, and length : width ratio on day 3, but not on day 5. Changes in the total area of the papilla were not statistically significant. It is suggested that KT mediates genital papilla morphology rapidly and thus may be a useful indicator of circulating KT in L. dalli.
Dynamics of Genetic Algorithms in Optimization Problems

In a recent paper [1], some of us have studied the dynamics of the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm in several very different optimization problems. The optimization problems that were investigated in [1] include the travelling salesman problem (TSP) [2], the lattice version of the protein folding problem (PFP) [3], x-ray data analysis (XDA) and a multi-variable function. In the above studied cases, the TSP and the PFP are problems that involve discrete operations while the latter two have continuous variables. Despite the very different nature of the aforementioned problems, it was found that they share many common features. There exists a temperature Top in each of these cases at which the average time required to reach the global minimum is the shortest. Furthermore, it was shown that all the above considered cases have a temperature dependence on the average first passage time to reach the global minimum which is a U-shape curve. Another quantity that we studied in [1] is the first passage time distribution function (FPTDF) for the system to go to its equilibrium value Eeq. We found that all of the cases in [1] could be fitted with inverse Gaussian distribution functions [4] (IGDF). It is known that, just like the Gaussian distribution function, the IGDF is also a solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation with a constant drift velocity. The commonly known Gaussian distribution function gives the probability density at time t for a diffusive particle with a net drift velocity to be at a distance d from the starting point. The IGDF, however, gives the probability density of the first passage time of the particle to arrive at distance d and it takes the following form
An Ontology of Environments, Events, and Happenings

The paper presents our intermediate results in ontologizing a refined formal representation of environments, events, and happenings elaborated in PSI project. This ontology is used for agent-based modeling of engineering design systems and processes. Our formal approach is inspired by discrete event calculus (DEC). In difference to DEC based on discrete linear time representation, it uses fuzzy time intervals. Our framework also refines classic event calculi approaches by introducing explicit formal representations for environments and happenings as well as drawing a clear distinction between events and atomic actions. A reduced version of PSI environment, event, and happening ontology based on crisp representation of time intervals has been implemented as an OWL-DL ontology and is used in PSI design process simulation software. Fuzzy time interval based ontology is also implemented in OWL-DL and will be used in the future software versions.
Corpus-Based Anaphora Resolution Towards Antecedent Preference

In this paper we propose a corpus-based approach to anaphora resolution combining a machine learning method and statistical information. First, a decision tree trained on an annotated corpus determines the coreference relation of a given anaphor and antecedent candidates and is utilized as a filter in order to reduce the number of potential candidates. In the second step, preference selection is achieved by taking into account the frequency information of coreferential and non-referential pairs tagged in the training corpus as well as distance features within the current discourse. Preliminary experiments concerning the resolution of Japanese pronouns in spoken-language dialogs result in a success rate of 80.6%.
Robustness of MPC and Disturbance Models for Multivariable Ill-conditioned Processes

The problem of robust predictive control for multivariable illconditioned systems is addressed in this work. A technique for designing robust disturbance models is presented, which is based on an o-line min-max optimization problem. It is shown that the most common disturbance model ‐ the output disturbance model ‐ is not robust to modeling errors when the process model is ill-conditioned. On the other hand the input disturbance model shows robustness to uncertainties, and the optimal disturbance model obtained with the technique proposed is close to the input disturbance model. Application to a well-known ill-conditioned distillation column is presented.
Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on Self-Determination Theory

Despite many recent technical breakthroughs in health care, human behaviour remains the largest source of variance in health-related outcomes (Schroeder, 2007). People’s health and well-being are robustly affected by lifestyle factors such as smoking, hygiene, diet, and physical activity, all of which involve behaviours that are potentially controllable by the individual. In addition, outside of acute care settings, the effectiveness of most health care interventions is highly dependent on the patient’s adherence to self-care activities such as taking medications, performing self-examinations, or refraining from specific activities or habits. A significant problem is the poor adherence to prescribed changes or recommended behaviours over time.