Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation compendium: historical context and detailed translational perspective on an important clinical problem.

### Circulation Research Compendium on Atrial Fibrillation: Atrial Fibrillation Compendium: Historical Context and Detailed Translational Perspective on an Important Clinical Problem The Clinical Profile and Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation: Relationships Among Clinical Features, Epidemiology, and Mechanisms Emerging Directions in the Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation Cellular and Molecular Electrophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation Initiation, Maintenance and Progression Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiology and Therapy Mathematical Approaches to Understanding and Imaging Atrial Fibrillation: Significance for Mechanisms and Management Atrial Fibrillation Therapy Now and in the Future: Drugs, Biologicals, and Ablation Guest Editor: Stanley Nattel Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained tachyarrhythmia, currently affects 1% to 2% of the general population.1 Age is arguably the strongest determinant of AF occurrence, and the prevalence of AF is increasing as the population ages, projected to increase from ≈7 million today to ≈12 to 16 million predicted for the United States in 2050 (including estimates for paroxysmal and silent AF). 1 There has been a marked progress in our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying AF for the past 20 years.2–5 The management of AF continues to face huge challenges, but advancing knowledge and new technologies have also created unprecedented opportunities, which will undoubtedly revolutionize AF management over the next 20 years.6 Recognizing the importance of this area and the rapid pace of knowledge development, the Editorial Board of Circulation Research decided to develop a Compendium on Atrial Fibrillation. The compendium includes 6 state-of-the-art review articles on themes of clinical features and pathophysiology of AF,1 molecular electrophysiology of AF initiation, maintenance, and progression,7 autonomic nervous system control of AF,8 genetic factors determining AF occurrence and risk,9 the use of mathematical modeling to understand and manage AF better,10 and the mechanisms governing present and future therapy of the arrhythmia. …
The Higgs as a Portal to Plasmon-like Unparticle Excitations

A renormalizable coupling between the Higgs and a scalar unparticle operator O_U of non-integer dimension d_U<2 triggers, after electroweak symmetry breaking, an infrared divergent vacuum expectation value for O_U. Such IR divergence should be tamed before any phenomenological implications of the Higgs-unparticle interplay can be drawn. In this paper we present a novel mechanism to cure that IR divergence through (scale-invariant) unparticle self-interactions, which has properties qualitatively different from the mechanism considered previously. Besides finding a mass gap in the unparticle continuum we also find an unparticle pole reminiscent of a plasmon resonance. Such unparticle features could be explored experimentally through their mixing with the Higgs boson.
Write-aware buffer management policy for performance and durability enhancement in NAND flash memory

The popularity of NAND flash memory has been growing rapidly in recent years, but the SSD (Solid-State Disk) has shown limited success in its battle against the hard disk. Besides the high price, SSD suffers performance degradation under random write requests, due to the intrinsic weak points of NAND flash: erase-before-write, asymmetric read/write access time, and limited program/erase cycles. In order to overcome these drawbacks, many buffer replacement algorithms have been proposed. However, considering the cost of write operations, it would be beneficial to have dirty pages updated before being flushed to flash memory. In this paper, we propose a new buffer management scheme to retain write-intensive pages in the buffer, and we confirm its effectiveness by applying it to one of the existing buffer management schemes. The simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme reduces up to 30% of the write count, and, therefore, extends the lifetime of NAND flash memories.
Detection and accusation of packet forwarding misbehaviour in mobile ad-hoc networks

Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) are susceptible to having their effective operation compromised by a variety of security attacks. For example, misbehaving nodes can cause general network disruption by not forwarding packets on behalf of other nodes in the network. Nodes may misbehave either because they are malicious and deliberately wish to disrupt the network, or because they are selfish and wish to conserve their own limited resources such as power, or for other reasons. In this paper, we present a mechanism capable of detecting and accusing nodes that exhibit packet forwarding misbehavior. Our evaluation results demonstrate that our algorithm effectively detects and accuses nodes that drop a significant fraction of packets.
Preventing late-life depression in age-related macular degeneration.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether problem-solving treatment (PST) can prevent depressive disorders in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN Two hundred six patients with AMD were randomly assigned to PST (n = 105) or usual care (n = 101). PST therapists delivered six PST sessions over 8 weeks in subjects' homes. MEASUREMENTS Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition Diagnoses of Depressive Disorders, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores, and rates of relinquishing valued activities were assessed at 2 months for short-term effects and 6 months for maintenance effects. RESULTS The 2-month incidence rate of depressive disorders in PST-treated subjects was significantly lower than controls (11.6% versus 23.2%, respectively; OR = 0.43; 95% CI [0.20, 0.95]). PST also reduced the odds of relinquishing a valued activity (OR = 0.48; 95% CI [0.25, 0.96]); this effect mediated the relationship between treatment group and depression. By 6 months most earlier observed benefits had diminished. Secondary analyses showed that a minimal level of depressive symptoms were disabling and predicted incident depressive disorders. CONCLUSION PST prevented depressive disorders and loss of valued activities as a short-term treatment but these benefits were not maintained over time. To sustain PST's effect, an intervention that uses a problem-solving framework to enhance rehabilitative skills may be necessary.
Kinin‐Forming Enzyme of Rat Cardiac Tissue: Subcellular Distribution and Biochemical Properties

SUMMARY We have previously reported the presence of a cardiac kinin-generating enzyme (CKGE) in human cardiac tissue. The present study was undertaken to examine the subcellular localization and the biochemical properties of this system in rat cardiac tissue. Cardiac bomogenate (20 mg) was incubated with beattreated plasma substrate and citrate-pbospbate buffer (pH 5.3) in the presence of peptidase inhibitors, and the vasoactive substance released was tested on the isolated cat jejunum and the arterial pressure of the rat. Rat cardiac tissue contains an enzyme which releases a kinln from a substrate present in rat plasma. The klnlnreleaslng substance is nondialyzable and neat labile. The rate at which it releases kinin is similar to the rate of kinin released by kallikrein and trypsin, but it is unaffected by incubation of the enzyme with soybean trypslninhibitor or trasylol. The study of its subcellular distribution by differential centrifugation showed a similar pattern to that of acid pbosphatase. With sucrose density gradient centrifugation, the equilibrium density for the CKGE-containing particles was 1.164±0.002 g/ml and the distribution of the CKGE was also similar to that of acid phosphatase. The CKGE showed a pi of 4.5±0.2 and an apparent molecular weight of about 30,000 to 35,000 by gel filtration (Aca-54). The kinin released by cardiac homogenate resembles bradykinin in its chemical and pharmacological properties, and, by using antibodies that specifically inhibit kinins, the biological action was completely abolished. These results indicate that the subcellular distribution of the CKGE is similar to that of a lysosomal protease, and that its physicochemical characteristics differ from those of plasmatic kallikrein but are quite similar to those of kallikreins of glandular origin. (Hypertension 3 (suppl II): II-42-II-45, 1981)
Tax Morale and Conditional Cooperation

Why so many people pay their taxes, although fines and audit probability are low, has become a central question in the tax compliance literature. A homo economicus, with a more refined motivation structure, helps us to shed light on this puzzle. This paper provides empirical evidence for the relevance of conditional cooperation, using survey data from 30 West and East European countries. We find a high correlation between perceived tax evasion and tax morale. The results remain robust after exploiting endogeneity and conducting several robustness tests. We also observe a strong positive correlation between institutional quality and tax morale.
SNPs and Other Features as They Predispose to Complex Disease: Genome-Wide Predictive Analysis of a Quantitative Phenotype for Hypertension

Though recently they have fallen into some disrepute, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been formulated and applied to understanding essential hypertension. The principal goal here is to use data gathered in a GWAS to gauge the extent to which SNPs and their interactions with other features can be combined to predict mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in 3138 pre-menopausal and naturally post-menopausal white women. More precisely, we quantify the extent to which data as described permit prediction of MAP beyond what is possible from traditional risk factors such as blood cholesterol levels and glucose levels. Of course, these traditional risk factors are genetic, though typically not explicitly so. In all, there were 44 such risk factors/clinical variables measured and 377,790 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped. Data for women we studied are from first visit measurements taken as part of the Atherosclerotic Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We begin by assessing non-SNP features in their abilities to predict MAP, employing a novel regression technique with two stages, first the discovery of main effects and next discovery of their interactions. The long list of SNPs genotyped is reduced to a manageable list for combining with non-SNP features in prediction. We adapted Efron's local false discovery rate to produce this reduced list. Selected non-SNP and SNP features and their interactions are used to predict MAP using adaptive linear regression. We quantify quality of prediction by an estimated coefficient of determination (R 2). We compare the accuracy of prediction with and without information from SNPs.
Asymmetries in Early Word Recognition: The Case of Stops and Fricatives

Toddlers' discrimination of native phonemic contrasts is generally unproblematic. Yet using those native contrasts in word learning and word recognition can be more challenging. In this article, we investigate perceptual versus phonological explanations for asymmetrical patterns found in early word recognition. We systematically investigated the use of two types of phonological contrasts in toddlers' word recognition: manner and place of articulation. Ninety-six Dutch 18- and 25-month-olds were tested in a mispronunciation detection task. We show that 18-month-olds are sensitive to changes from fricative to stop, but not from stop to fricative, while 25-month-olds are able to detect changes in both directions. Confirming earlier findings on perceptual asymmetries, we find a similar asymmetrical pattern for mispronunciations involving labials and coronals at 18 months of age. We argue that the observed asymmetries reflect the nature of phonological representations used for word recognition at different stages of development.
Pharmacological Regulation of the Late Steps of Exocytosis

Abstract: We used amperometry to analyze the role of several second messengers and drugs in the exocytotic kinetics of bovine chromaffin cells. Activation of PKG produces a slowing down of exocytosis, which is not generally accompanied by changes in the net granule content of catecholamines. These effects are also observed after mild PKA activation. However, strong PKA stimulation also causes an increase in the apparent granule content of catecholamines, suggesting the presence of composed fusion. Conversely, PKC activation promotes acceleration of the exocytotic process. We also analyzed the contribution of different Ca2+ channel subtypes to the exocytotic kinetics at the single event level. Although N‐subtype channels do not contribute to total catecholamine release, their blockade produces a slowing down of exocytosis without changes in granule content. However, L or P/Q blockade causes, in addition, a reduction in the apparent granule content. The L‐type agonist BAY‐K‐8644 produces giant secretory amperometric spikes, indicating that Ca2+ favors composed fusion prior to exocytosis. Our data suggest that second messengers continuously regulate exocytotic kinetics and granule content. In addition, several well‐known antihypertensive agents, such as sodium nitroprusside, organic nitrates, hydralazine, or Ca2+ antagonists, could be acting through these novel mechanisms on sympathetic synapses by changing the synaptic performance, thereby producing additional vasodilatory effects.
Development of a Multidimensional Approach to Understanding Youthful Offenders: The Influence of Psychosocial and Personality Risk Factors

This study employed a multivariate, multidimensional approach to understanding psychosocial and personality variables associated with institutional maladjustment and recidivism among youthful offenders. Participants included nine hundred serious and chronic male youthful offenders incarcerated in the Texas Youth Commission (TYC); sample sizes varied by analysis. Empirically-validated psychosocial factors (e.g., intelligence, home approval status), past criminal history variables, and two self-report personality measures of empathy and hostility were entered into hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses to predict institutional behavior and recidivism at one- and three-year intervals after release from the TYC. Confirmatory factor analysis of the personality measures revealed one underlying factor indicative of their theoretical constructs of empathy and hostility. Some differences were noted between youth in the specialized treatment programs; however, effect sizes were small to moderate. Overall, regression and SEM results indicated the variables accounted for a meaningful proportion of the variance in the outcomes. Specifically, although length of stay in the TYC was associated with institutional behavior, younger age of onset, higher hostility, and greater home disapproval also contributed significantly. Past criminal behavior was predictive of future reoffending, but lower empathy, greater home disapproval, and younger age of onset accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in recidivism. Institutional maladjustment served as a mediator between the psychosocial and personality variables and the recidivism outcomes. Treatment implications are provided, including a discussion of the tenuous association between length of sentence and recidivism and an emphasis on the importance of evaluating dynamic personality and psychosocial variables beyond static measures of past behavior.
Use of the Children's Communication Checklist-2 for classification of language impairment risk in young school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

PURPOSE Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk for language impairment (LI). This study examined the feasibility of using the Children's Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2; Bishop, 2006) to classify risk for LI in young children, ages 5-8 years, with ADHD. METHOD Parents of 32 children with ADHD and 12 typically developing peers completed the CCC-2. The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition (Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2003) and the Test of Narrative Language (Gillam & Pearson, 2004) were administered to diagnose LI. Language samples were collected to examine clinical markers of LI. RESULTS CCC-2 General Communication Composite scores ≤ 85 correctly classified 10 participants with ADHD diagnosed with LI as defined by composite scores ≤ 85 on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition, or on the Test of Narrative Language. Five of these participants demonstrated 1 or more clinical markers of LI in language samples. Three additional participants, who received a General Communication Composite score ≤ 85 yet scored above 85 on the language tests, demonstrated CCC-2 profiles suggestive of pragmatic impairment. Sensitivity and specificity rates were 100% and 85.29%, respectively. CCC-2 scores and most measures were significantly correlated. CONCLUSION The results support the feasibility of using the CCC-2 as a screener to identify children with ADHD who are at elevated risk for LI and need referral for comprehensive assessment.
Chain-Based DFA Deflation for Fast and Scalable Regular Expression Matching Using TCAM

Regular expression matching is the core engine of many network functions such as intrusion detection, protocol analysis and so on. In spite of intensive research, we are still in need of a method for fast and scalable regular expression matching, where it takes one simple memory lookup to match each input character (like DFA) and storage space growing linearly with regular expression pattern set size (like NFA). Most recently, TCAM-based DFA implementation has been proposed as a promising approach, for TCAM's unique parallel and wildcard matching capabilities. However, the number of TCAM entries needed is still above exponentially growing DFA size and hence not scalable. In this paper, we propose a chain-based {DFA deflation} method for fast and scalable regular expression matching using TCAM, which takes one simple TCAM lookup to match each input character and effectively deflates DFA size. Experiments based on real life pattern sets demonstrate that, the number of TCAM entries used by our DFA deflation method is up to two orders of magnitude lower than the DFA size, and comes quite close to the linearly growing NFA size. This not only means superior scalability, but also allows us to implement regular expression matching at extremely fast matching speed, up to two orders of magnitude faster than the existing TCAM-based DFA implementation method.
Visualization by High Resolution Immunoelectron Microscopy of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 at Inhibitory Synapses of the Mouse Dentate Gyrus

We have recently shown that the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel in the peripheral and central nervous system, is localized at postsynaptic sites of the excitatory perforant path synapses in the hippocampal dentate molecular layer (ML). In the present work, we have studied the distribution of TRPV1 at inhibitory synapses in the ML. With this aim, a preembedding immunogold method for high resolution electron microscopy was applied to mouse hippocampus. About 30% of the inhibitory synapses in the ML are TRPV1 immunopositive, which is mostly localized perisynaptically (∼60% of total immunoparticles) at postsynaptic dendritic membranes receiving symmetric synapses in the inner 1/3 of the layer. This TRPV1 pattern distribution is not observed in the ML of TRPV1 knock-out mice. These findings extend the knowledge of the subcellular localization of TRPV1 to inhibitory synapses of the dentate molecular layer where the channel, in addition to excitatory synapses, is present.
MSC/sup +/: From requirement to prototyped systems

Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) have gained wide acceptance for scenario-based specification of component behaviors. MSCs are very useful during requirements capture phase of the software development process and reveal errors in requirement specifications when used in early stages. As MSCs have found widespread usage, there have been several extensions to overcome its' shortcomings for a spectrum of applications keeping the rationale of MSCs invariant. In this paper, we propose (a) An extension of hierarchical MSCs (hMSC for short), called MSC/sup +/, keeping in view the need of complex reactive system specifications; it has new additional features such as watching (preemptive) construct, generalized coregions, and includes features for the specifications of live and forbidden scenarios. (b) A formal translation of MSC/sup +/, to the synchronous language ESTEREL is also provided, This feature enables validating requirement specifications and also to obtain a prototype for synchronous MSC/sup +/ specifications. Apart from obtaining a prototype, the translation of MSC/sup +/ to ESTEREL (that has clean and mathematical semantics) provides a clear semantic definition for the synchronous MSC/sup +/ specifications, In the paper, we describe, the design and implementation of MSC/sup +/ followed by the translation of MSC/sup +/, to ESTEREL leading to prototyping of systems. Examples are used to highlight characteristic features of the language, system and applications.
Fluorescence Detection and Discrimination of ss- and ds-DNA with a Water Soluble Oligopyrene Derivative

A novel water-soluble cationic conjugated oligopyrene derivative, oligo(N1,N1,N1,N4,N4,N4-hexamethyl-2-(4-(pyren-1-yl) butane-1,4-diaminium bromide) (OHPBDB), was synthesized by a combination of chemical and electrochemical synthesis techniques. Each oligomer chain has five pyrene derivative repeating units and brings 10 positive charges. OHPBDB showed high and rapid fluorescence quenching in aqueous media upon addition of trace amounts of single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA. The Stern-Volmer constants for ss- and ds-DNA were measured to be as high as 1.3 × 108 mol−1·L and 1.2 × 108 mol−1·L, respectively. On the other hand, distinct fluorescence enhancement of OHPBDB upon addition of large amount of ss-DNA or ds-DNA was observed. Furthermore, ss-DNA showed much stronger fluorescence enhancement than that of ds-DNA, thus yielding a clear and simple signal useful for the discrimination between ss- and ds-DNA in aqueous media.
Enhancing Recommender System for Matrimonial Sites using Collaborative Filtering Method

Recommender Systems helps users to find items of interest from a large number of available items. Collaborative Filtering is the commonly used technology for recommender systems. The role of recommender system in matrimonial sites is profile matching based on the preferences given by the users. The users of matrimonial sites have a problem of overloaded choices of partners. This is because the currently used collaborative-filtering-based recommender systems focus only on the information about the way the users interact with the system and the original interests of the user is not identified. In this paper we provide a collaborative-filtering-based recommender system that identifies the user’s latent interest and provides top-n recommendations to the active user based on preferences and interests of the user. The top-n recommendations are identified by ranking recommended profiles in terms of weightage. This helps the users of matrimonial sites to easily identify a perfect match. Moreover opinion mining can be used to identify profiles which are of interest to maximum users. This explores the minds of current generation as to what kind of profiles the users are mostly interested in. Keywords-Recommender System, Collaborative Filtering, Opinion Mining.