Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of 14 Neural Network Architectures Used for Predicting Heat Transfer Characteristics of Engine Oils

This paper reports the results of a comprehensive study that aimed at identifying best neural network architecture and parameters to predict subcooled boiling characteristics of engine oils. A total of 57 different neural networks (NNs) that were derived from 14 different NN architectures were evaluated for four different prediction cases. The NNs were trained on experimental datasets performed on five engine oils of different chemical compositions. The performance of each NN was evaluated using a rigorous statistical analysis as well as careful examination of smoothness of predicted boiling curves. One NN, out of the 57 evaluated, correctly predicted the boiling curves for all cases considered either for individual oils or for all oils taken together. It was found that the pattern selection and weight update techniques strongly affect the performance of the NNs. It was also revealed that the use of descriptive statistical analysis such as R2, mean error, standard deviation, and T and slope tests, is a necessary but not sufficient condition for evaluating NN performance. The performance criteria should also include inspection of the smoothness of the predicted curves either visually or by plotting the slopes of these curves.
Tables for the Mean Square Error Test for Exact Linear Restrictions in Regression

Abstract A table is presented containing critical points for the non-central F with non-centrality of one-half for type one error . 05, . 10, . 25 and . 50 and numerator and denominator d.f. including 1–30, 40, 60, 120, 200, 400, 1000. The critical points may be used to test the hypothesis that a set of exact linear restrictions imposed on the parameters of a linear model yield estimators that are better in generalized MSE than the unrestricted, o.l. s. , estimators. Tabulation is discussed and some examples are presented on how the tables may be used.
Rapid mass segregation in young star clusters without substructure?

Abstract The young star clusters we observe today are the building blocks of a new generation of stars and planets in our Galaxy and beyond. Despite their fundamental role we still lack knowledge about the initial conditions under which star clusters form and the impact of these often harsh environments on the formation and evolution of their stellar and substellar members. We present recent results showing that mass segregation in realistic models of young star clusters occurs very quickly for subvirial spherical systems without substructure. This finding is a critical step to resolve the controversial debate on mass segregation in young star clusters and provides strong constraints on their initial conditions. The rapid concentration of massive stars is usually associated with strong gravitational interactions early on during cluster evolution and the subsequent formation of multiple systems and ejection of stars.
An Investigation of the Item Parameter Recovery Characteristics of a Gibbs Sampling Procedure

The item parameter recovery characteristics of a Gibb's sampling method (Albert, 1992) for IRT item parameter estimation were investigated using a simulation study. The item parameters were estimated, under a normal ogive item response function model, using Gibbs sampling and BILOG (Mislevy & Bock, 1989). The item parameter estimates were then equated to the metric of the underlying item parameters for tests with 10, 20, 30, and 50 items, and samples of 30, 60, 120, and 500 examinees. Summary statistics of the equating coefficients showed that Gibbs sampling and BILOG both produced trait scale metrics with units of measurement that were too small, but yielding a proper midpoint of the metric. When expressed in a common metric, the biases of the BILOG estimates of the item discriminations were uniformly smaller and less variable than those from Gibbs sampling. The biases of the item difficulty estimates yielded by the two estimation procedures were small and similar to each other. In addition, the item parameter recovery characteristics were comparable for the largest dataset of 50 items and 500 examinees. However, for short tests and sample sizes the item parameter recovery characteristics of BILOG were superior to those of the Gibbs sampling approach.
A Bifactor Model of General and Specific PTSD Symptom Change During Treatment

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) consists of four main components in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5): intrusions (INT), avoidance (AV), negative alterations in cognition and mood (NACM), and arousal and reactivity (AAR); however, studies do not always support this four-factor model. A sample of 348 treatment-seeking adults was assessed for PTSD symptoms at baseline (Time 1) and then 12 weeks later (Time 2). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the model fit of the DSM-5 four-factor model of PTSD with and without a general factor at both time points, and structural equation modeling allowed for examination of these associations between time points. The four-factor model did not meet the criteria for excellent model fit, and the bifactor model provided improved model fit. The NACM specific factor did not meet the criteria for unique variance above and beyond the general factor. The bifactor model of PTSD symptoms was reliable over time, and both the general factor and the AAR factor significantly predicted subsequent symptom severity.
A novel quantitative method to evaluate the contribution of platelet products to white thrombus formation in reconstituted blood under flow conditions

Currently, the quality of platelet (PLT) products is evaluated using a series of in vitro tests, which only analyse PLTs as an inspection material. However, it would be ideal to assess the physiological functions of PLTs under conditions similar to the sequential blood haemostatic process. In this study, we attempted to establish an in vitro system where the thrombogenicity of PLT products was evaluated in the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma using a microchamber under constant shear stress (600/s).
Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Quadratic Koch Island Fractal Heat Exchanger

Heat exchangers are widely used in the air conditioning and refrigeration industries, and any increase in their efficiency will have a positive effect on the industry as well. A new design of heat exchanger is proposed that will increase the heat transfer area significantly. The heat transfer area was increased by the use of fractals. Three techniques were used to investigate the heat transfer increase; analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The results showed that the fractal heat exchanger has a higher heat transfer to overall volume ratio than a conventional tube-in-tube heat exchanger.
Development of an External Control Arm Using Electronic Health Record‐Based Real‐World Data to Evaluate the Efficacy of COVID‐19 Treatment

To protect people from severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, tremendous research efforts have been made toward coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) treatment development. Externally controlled trials (ECTs) may help reduce their development time. To evaluate whether ECT using real‐world data (RWD) of patients with COVID‐19 is feasible enough to be used for regulatory decision making, we built an external control arm (ECA) based on RWD as a control arm of a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT), and compared it to the control arm of the RCT. The electronic health record (EHR)‐based COVID‐19 cohort dataset was used as RWD, and three Adaptive COVID‐19 Treatment Trial (ACTT) datasets were used as RCTs. Among the RWD datasets, eligible patients were evaluated as a pool of external control subjects of the ACTT‐1, ACTT‐2, and ACTT‐3 trials, respectively. The ECAs were built using propensity score matching, and the balance of age, sex, and baseline clinical status ordinal scale as covariates between the treatment arms of Asian patients in each ACTT and the pools of external control subjects was assessed before and after 1:1 matching. There was no statistically significant difference in time to recovery between ECAs and the control arms of each ACTT. Among the covariates, the baseline status ordinal score had the greatest influence on the building of ECA. This study demonstrates that ECA based on EHR data of COVID‐19 patients could sufficiently replace the control arm of an RCT, and it is expected to help develop new treatments faster in emergency situations, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Bovine trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoans of the genus Trypanosoma. The disease cause economic losses in livestock production. In order to determine the status of research on this disease in Côte d’Ivoire, we used the systematic review method and meta-analysis. Three electronics databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed and CrossRef were used to search for publications on trypanosomiasis prevalence that met our inclusion criteria. Twenty five articles were identified, 11 of which met the inclusion criteria. Bovine trypanosomiasis prevalence of 2.99% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.96% – 3.01%) to 25.28% (95% CI: 25.17% – 25.38%) were recorded between 1960 and 2021. The analyses showed that the most infected regions were the Bagoue 11.26% (95% CI: 11.25% – 11.27%), Bounkani 14.94% (95% CI: 14.93% – 14.95%), Gbeke 10.34% (95% CI: 10.33% – 10.35%), Marahoue 13.79% (95% CI: 13.78% – 13.80%), Poro 8.50% (95% CI: 8.49% – 8.51%), and Tchologo 11.83% (95% CI: 11.82% – 11.84%). The most sensitive diagnostic method used was the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The species of trypanosomes diagnosed were Typanosoma vivax 4.99% (95% CI: 4.97% – 5.01%), T. congolense 1.51% (95% CI: 1.49% – 1.52%), and T. brucei 0.61% (95% CI: 0.59% – 0.62%). Despite some variation, the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire caused mainly by T. vivax has increased in the years between 1977 and 2017. Efforts to control tsetse and other mechanical vectors should also be put in place to minimize its transmission. Contribution The authors studied the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis using the systematic review method and MA in order to determine the status of research on this disease in Côte d’Ivoire.
Machine learning for the identification of respiratory viral attachment machinery from sequences data

At the outset of an emergent viral respiratory pandemic, sequence data is among the first molecular information available. As viral attachment machinery is a key target for therapeutic and prophylactic interventions, rapid identification of viral “spike” proteins from sequence can significantly accelerate the development of medical countermeasures. For six families of respiratory viruses, covering the vast majority of airborne and droplet-transmitted diseases, host cell entry is mediated by the binding of viral surface glycoproteins that interact with a host cell receptor. In this report it is shown that sequence data for an unknown virus belonging to one of the six families above provides sufficient information to identify the protein(s) responsible for viral attachment. Random forest models that take as input a set of respiratory viral sequences can classify the protein as “spike” vs. non-spike based on predicted secondary structure elements alone (with 97.3% correctly classified) or in combination with N-glycosylation related features (with 97.0% correctly classified). Models were validated through 10-fold cross-validation, bootstrapping on a class-balanced set, and an out-of-sample extra-familial validation set. Surprisingly, we showed that secondary structural elements and N-glycosylation features were sufficient for model generation. The ability to rapidly identify viral attachment machinery directly from sequence data holds the potential to accelerate the design of medical countermeasures for future pandemics. Furthermore, this approach may be extendable for the identification of other potential viral targets and for viral sequence annotation in general in the future.
Growth and characterisation of lead zirconate titanate (30/70) thin films using TiO2 seeding for oxide ferroelectric-liquid crystal display application

Abstract The growth and characterisation of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) (30/70) thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass, synthesised using a sol-gel/spin coating processing route, have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Perovskite crystallised in a random orientation, and all unseeded films showed characteristically large (∼5–10 μm diameter) rosette formations. Studies involving the use of a thin seeding layer of titanium (IV) oxide on the ITO surface, have shown promising results in increasing the seeding density of the perovskite without sacrificing the film's electrical properties. Incorporation of a TiO2 seeded PZT film into a small hybrid liquid crystal display has been done, and bulk alignment of the liquid crystal adjacent to poled regions of the PZT layer has been demonstrated which remained after the poling voltages were removed.
Multisystem proteinopathies (MSPs) and MSP‐like disorders: Clinical‐pathological‐molecular spectrum

Mutations in VCP, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPA1, and SQSTM1, encoding RNA‐binding proteins or proteins in quality‐control pathways, cause multisystem proteinopathies (MSP). They share pathological findings of protein aggregation and clinical combinations of inclusion body myopathy (IBM), neurodegeneration [motor neuron disorder (MND)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD)], and Paget disease of bone (PDB). Subsequently, additional genes were linked to similar but not full clinical‐pathological spectrum (MSP‐like disorders). We aimed to define the phenotypic‐genotypic spectrum of MSP and MSP‐like disorders at our institution, including long‐term follow‐up features.
Spectral line variability amplitudes in active galactic nuclei

We present the results of a long-term variability campaign of very broad-line AGNs with line widths broader than FWHM > 5000 km s -1 . The main goal of our investigation was to study whether the widths of the optical broad emission lines are correlated with the optical intensity variations on timescales of years. Our AGN sample consisted of 10 objects. We detected a significant correlation between optical continuum variability amplitudes and H β emission line widths ( FWHM ) and, to a lesser degree, between H β line intensity variations and H β equivalent widths. We add the spectroscopic data of variable AGNs from the literature to supplement our sample. The AGNs from other optical variability campaigns with different line-widths helped to improve the statistical significance of our very broad-line AGN sample. After including the data on 35 additional galaxies, the correlation between optical continuum variability amplitudes and H β emission line widths becomes even more significant and the probability that this is a random correlation drops to 0.7 percent.
The Influence of E-cigarette Warning Labels on Youths’ Use Intentions – A Mediation Analysis of Role of Perceived Harm

Abstract Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were introduced to the United States marketplace in 2007 and had dominated all other tobacco products used by youth by 2014. In May 2016, the Food and Drug Administration extended the final rule to include e-cigarettes in implementing text-based health warnings on cigarette packs and advertising, as required by the 2009 Tobacco Control Act. This study tested the hypothesis that youth’s perceived harm of using e-cigarettes mediates the impact of seeing warning labels on their use intentions. Methods: We used a cross-sectional quantitative research design to analyze the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey data from 12,563 students in middle schools (grades 6 – 8) and high schools (grades 9 – 12) in the U.S. We conducted the 4-step Baron and Kenny Mediation Analysis using IBM SPSS® Hayes’ PROCESS macro analysis. Results: Our study revealed a mediational process’s presence, confirming the mediational role of youth’s perceived harm of e-cigarettes on the relationship between seeing a warning label and their use intentions. Conclusion: This study provided insights into the relationship between seeing warning labels and the intention to use e-cigarettes among youth. Through the Tobacco Control Act, influential warning labels potentially increase youth’s perception of harm in e-cigarettes, lowering their intention to use.
Effects of involuntary and voluntary attention on critical spacing of visual crowding

Abstract Visual spatial attention can be allocated in two distinct ways: one that is voluntarily directed to behaviorally relevant locations in the world, and one that is involuntarily captured by salient external stimuli. Precueing spatial attention has been shown to improve perceptual performance on a number of visual tasks. However, the effects of spatial attention on visual crowding, defined as the reduction in the ability to identify target objects in clutter, are far less clear. In this study, we used an anticueing paradigm to separately measure the effects of involuntary and voluntary spatial attention on a crowding task. Each trial began with a brief peripheral cue that predicted that the crowded target would appear on the opposite side of the screen 80% of the time and on the same side of the screen 20% of the time. Subjects performed an orientation discrimination task on a target Gabor patch that was flanked by other similar Gabor patches with independent random orientations. For trials with a short stimulus onset asynchrony between cue and target, involuntary capture of attention led to faster response times and smaller critical spacing when the target appeared on the cue side. For trials with a long stimulus onset asynchrony, voluntary allocation of attention led to faster reaction times but no significant effect on critical spacing when the target appeared on the opposite side to the cue. We additionally found that the magnitudes of these cueing effects of involuntary and voluntary attention were not strongly correlated across subjects for either reaction time or critical spacing.
How enterprise interactions in innovation networks affect technological innovation performance: The role of technological innovation capacity and absorptive capacity

Current research on the impact of innovation networks focuses on the web and inter-organizational layers, with less consideration of individual behavior at the firm level. Interaction is an active action strategy that firms take when dealing with the external environment. Therefore, this study explores the mechanism of enterprise interaction on innovation development from the perspective of an innovation network. And measures enterprise interaction in three dimensions: affective interaction, resource interaction, and management interaction. The empirical results indicate that the three dimensions of enterprise interaction contribute significantly to technological innovation performance, and the realization of this role requires technological innovation capabilities (technological research and development capabilities, technological commercialization capabilities) to play a partially mediating role. The moderating effect of absorptive capacity between resource interaction, management interaction, and technological innovation capability is significant; however, the moderating effect between affective interaction and technological innovation capability is statistically insignificant. This study promotes the development of interaction theory to a certain extent, which helps enterprises build appropriate industrial chains in innovation networks and achieve rapid development.
The ion channel CALHM6 controls bacterial infection‐induced cellular cross‐talk at the immunological synapse

Membrane ion channels of the calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM) family promote cell–cell crosstalk at neuronal synapses via ATP release, where ATP acts as a neurotransmitter. CALHM6, the only CALHM highly expressed in immune cells, has been linked to the induction of natural killer (NK) cell anti‐tumour activity. However, its mechanism of action and broader functions in the immune system remain unclear. Here, we generated Calhm6−/− mice and report that CALHM6 is important for the regulation of the early innate control of Listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo. We find that CALHM6 is upregulated in macrophages by pathogen‐derived signals and that it relocates from the intracellular compartment to the macrophage‐NK cell synapse, facilitating ATP release and controlling the kinetics of NK cell activation. Anti‐inflammatory cytokines terminate CALHM6 expression. CALHM6 forms an ion channel when expressed in the plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes, where channel opening is controlled by a conserved acidic residue, E119. In mammalian cells, CALHM6 is localised to intracellular compartments. Our results contribute to the understanding of neurotransmitter‐like signal exchange between immune cells that fine‐tunes the timing of innate immune responses.
Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background Adhesive capsulitis (AC) affects approximately 1% of the general population. Current research lacks clear guidance on the dosage of manual therapy and exercise interventions. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of manual therapy and exercise in the management of AC, with a secondary aim of describing the available literature present on the dosage of interventions. Methods Eligible studies were randomized clinical/quasi-experimental trials with complete data analysis and no limits on date of publication, published in English, recruited participants >18 years of age with primary adhesive capsulitis, that had at least two groups with one group receiving manual therapy (MT) alone, exercise alone, or MT and exercise, that included at least one outcome measure of pain, disability, or external rotation range of motion, and that had dosage of visits clearly defined. An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Pedro, and clinicaltrials.gov. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2 Tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was used to provide an overall assessment of the quality of evidence. Meta-analyses were conducted when possible, and dosage was discussed in narrative form. Results Sixteen studies were included. All meta-analyses revealed non-significant effects of pain, disability, and external rotation range of motion at short- and long-term follow-up, with an overall level of evidence ranging from very low to low. Conclusion Non-significant findings with low-to-very-low-quality of evidence were found across meta-analyses, preventing seamless transition of research evidence to clinical practice. Lack of consistency in study designs, manual therapy techniques, dosing parameters, and duration of care impedes the ability to make strong recommendations regarding optimal dosage of physical therapy for individuals with AC.