Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors in the prioritization of information needs among Hong Kong Chinese breast cancer patients

Objective: The study aims to examine the prioritization of information needs in breast cancer patients, using the Information Needs Questionnaire (INQ); and to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with that prioritization. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted, by means of consecutive sampling. The INQ was used to examine participants′ preferences on information needs. Their demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by means of a structured questionnaire and review of medical records. Backward multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between prioritization of patients′ information needs and their demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 275 breast cancer patients took part in the analysis. Of the nine INQ items, most participants ranked as their top four needs information about the likelihood of a cure (79%), extent of the disease (76%), treatment options (55%), and family risk of developing breast cancer (51%). Certain demographic and clinical characteristics-religious belief, whether living alone or not, household income, educational level, and time since cancer diagnosis-influenced patients′ prioritization of information needs. Conclusion: Understanding and meeting the information needs of breast cancer patients are crucial to improving their quality of care. Different patients are likely to have different priorities in information needs according to their demographic and clinical characteristics. An awareness of these associated factors will allow better tailor-made educational interventions to be provided to meet patients′ individual needs in a more adequate way.
Aphasia, Alexia and Agraphia

This monograph on the aphasic disorders is succinct yet remarkably comprehensive. The first section covers the neuropathologic basis of aphasia, problems of localization, and methods of testing. The second section describes the major aphasic syndromes and allied disorders. A detailed discussion of the neuroanatomical correlates of specific language performances composes the third section. The final section deals with associated clinical problems such as mutism, dementia, apraxia, and agnosia. This is a well-written exposition in which facts and theories are clearly presented. Though all students of aphasia will find it informative, it should prove to be particularly useful to residents in neurology and psychiatry as they cope with the formidable clinical and theoretical problems posed by the aphasic disorders. Dr Benson is to be congratulated on his achievement.
Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Antifungal Panel with a Modified NCCLS M38-A Method To Determine the Activity of Voriconazole against Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus spp

ABSTRACT The susceptibilities of 63 isolates of Aspergillus spp. to voriconazole were evaluated by a modified NCCLS M38-A method and the Sensititre YeastOne method. The overall agreement was 82.5%, ranging from 100% for Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus to 62.5% for Aspergillus flavus. Discrepancies between the methods were due to higher Sensititre MICs. The Sensititre YeastOne method could have potential value for susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp. to voriconazole.
Measuring the diffusion of eParticipation: A survey on Italian local government

The use of ICT to enable citizen participation (eParticipation) is expanding, especially at the local level of government. But to what extent is this actually occurring, how can we reliably measure it and what are the variables that affect eParticipation adoption at the local level? This paper tackles these three questions by looking at the case of Italian local government. A data collection tool, validated by a group of experts, was proposed and used to conduct a survey on the official websites of 113 Italian local authorities. Findings from primary data show that, within a context of a low level, overall, of adoption of advanced participatory features, institutional background factors such as scale, socio-economic status and centre-left political orientation are positively associated with greater information and consultation features.
Roll and Pitch Motion Analysis of a Biologically Inspired Quadruped Water Runner Robot

In this paper, the roll and pitch dynamics of a biologically inspired quadruped water runner robot are analyzed, and a stable robot design is proposed and tested. The robot’s foot—water interaction force is derived using drag equations. Roll direction instability is attributed to a small roll moment of inertia and large instantaneous roll moments generated by the foot—water interaction forces. Roll dynamics are modeled by approximating the water as a linear spring. Using this model, estimates on the roll moment of inertia that can endure moments generated by water interactions are derived. Instability in the pitch direction is caused by the thrust force the four feet exert on the water. To correct this, a circular tail which can negate the pitch moment around the center of mass is proposed. Both passive and active tail designs which can cope with disturbances are introduced. Based on these analyses, a stable water runner is designed, and built. Experimental high-speed video footage demonstrates the stable roll and pitch motion of the robot. Simulations are used to estimate robustness against disturbances, waves, and leg running frequency variations. It is found that roll motion is more sensitive to disturbances when compared with the pitch direction.
Mycoplasma genitalium as a sexually transmitted infection: implications for screening, testing, and treatment

The evidence that Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen is virtually incontrovertible based on both the concordance rates among partners and on DNA typing showing the same sequence type among partners in contrast to unrelated M genitalium positive patients. The implications that this has for the screening, testing, and treatment of patients is less certain however. Which tests are the most sensitive and specific, what samples are most appropriate, who should be tested, what treatment is best and how should partners be managed?
The effect of saccadic response time on the reference frame of inhibition of return

We have previously shown that oculomotor inhibition of return is predominantly retinotopic (gaze-centred) immediately following a saccadic eye movement, and predominantly spatiotopic (world-centred) at longer post-saccadic delays (Mathôt & Theeuwes, 2010a). This claim has been contested by Hilchey et al. (2012), who re-analysed our data after removing very fast saccades (<100ms) and observed that removing these saccades attenuated the effect of interest. Here we report an elaborate re-analysis of that same dataset. We show that recent conflicting reports on the reference frame of inhibition of return can likely be reconciled by a previously unrecognised effect of saccadic response time. Oculomotor inhibition of return is predominantly retinotopic at short post-saccadic delays, particularly for fast saccades. In contrast, oculomotor inhibition of return is predominantly spatiotopic at longer post-saccadic delays, particularly for slow saccades. With respect to previous studies, differences in paradigm and trial exclusion criteria may have resulted in different distributions of saccadic response times, thus leading to different conclusions regarding the reference frame of inhibition of return. Finally, we argue that the effects reported here are not specific to inhibition of return, but reflect general mechanisms that are observed across a wide range of attentional, visuomotor, and visuotactile phenomena.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway stimulates the mitochondrial respiratory chain and can correct deficiencies in patients' cells lacking its components.

CONTEXT The mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disorders are the largest group of inborn errors of metabolism and still remain without treatment in most cases. OBJECTIVE We tested whether bezafibrate, a drug acting as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, could stimulate RC capacities. DESIGN Fibroblasts or myoblasts from controls or patients deficient in complex I (CI), complex III (CIII), or complex IV (CIV) were cultured with or without bezafibrate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Enzyme activities, mRNA and protein expression, and respiration rates were measured. RESULTS In control cells, bezafibrate increased the CI, CIII, and CIV enzyme activities (+42 to +52%), as well as RC mRNAs (+40 to +120%) and RC protein levels (+50 to +150%). Nine of 14 patient cell lines tested exhibited a significant increase in the activity of the deficient RC complex after bezafibrate treatment (+46 to +133%), and full pharmacological correction could be achieved in seven cell lines. Similar effects were obtained using a PPARdelta agonist. These changes were related to a drug-induced increase in the mutated mRNAs and RC protein levels. Finally, the molecular mechanisms by which the PPAR pathway could induce the expression of genes encoding structural subunits or ancillary proteins of the RC apparatus, leading to stimulate the activity and protein levels of RC complex, likely involved the PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a rationale for a possible correction of moderate RC disorders due to mutations in nuclear genes, using existing drugs, and brings new insights into the role of PPAR in the regulation of the mitochondrial RC in human cells.
Learning Discriminative Hierarchical Features for Object Recognition

Hierarchical feature learning methods have demonstrated substantial improvements over the conventional hand-designed local features. However, recent approaches mainly perform feature learning in an unsupervised manner, where subtle differences between different classes can hardly be captured. In this letter, we propose a discriminative hierarchical feature learning method, which learns a non-linear transformation to encode discriminative information in the feature space. We apply our features on two general image classification benchmarks: Caltech 101, STL-10, and a new fine-grained image classification dataset: NTU Tree-51. The results show that by employing discriminative constraint, our method consistently improves the performance with 3% to 7% in classification accuracy.
Enhancing the Security Level of SHA-1 by Replacing the MD Paradigm

Cryptographic hash functions are important cryptographic techniques and are used widely in many cryptographic applications and protocols. All the MD4 design based hash functions such as MD5, SHA-0, SHA-1 and RIPEMD-160 are built on Merkle-Damgard iterative method. Recent differential and generic attacks against these popular hash functions have shown weaknesses of both specific hash functions and their underlying Merkle-Damgard construction. In this paper we propose a hash function which follows design principle of SHA-1 and is based on dither construction. Its compression function takes three inputs and generates a single output of 160-bit length. An extra input to a compression function is generated through a fast pseudo-random function. Dither construction shows strong resistance against major generic and other cryptanalytic attacks. The security of proposed hash function against generic attacks, differential attack, birthday attack and statistical attack was analyzed in detail. It is exhaustedly compared with SHA-1 because hash functions from SHA-2 and SHA-3 are of higher bit length and known to be more secure than SHA-1. It is shown that the proposed hash function has high sensitivity to an input message and is secure against different cryptanalytic attacks.
Between Fixity and Motion: Accumulation, Territorial Organization and the Historical Geography of Spatial Scales

During the last decade, discussions of geographical scale and its social production have proliferated. Building upon this literature, in particular the writings of Lefebvre and Harvey, I investigate the implications of the contradiction between fixity and motion in the circulation of capital—between capital's necessary dependence on territory or place and its space-annihilating tendencies—for the production of spatial scale under capitalism. I elaborate the notion of a ‘scalar fix’ to theorize the multiscalar configurations of territorial organization within, upon, and through which each round of capital circulation is successively territorialized, deterritorialized, and reterritorialized. These multiscalar configurations of territorial organization position geographical scales within determinate, hierarchical patterns of interdependence and thereby constitute a relatively fixed and immobile geographical infrastructure for each round of capital circulation. Drawing upon Lefebvre's neglected work De l'État, I argue that the scalar structures both of cities and of territorial states have been molded ever more directly by the contradiction between fixity and motion in the circulation of capital since the late 19th century, when a ‘second nature’ of socially produced sociospatial configurations was consolidated on a world scale. On this basis a schematic historical geography of scalar fixes since the late 19th century is elaborated that highlights the key role of the territorial state at once as a form of territorialization for capital and as an institutional mediator of uneven geographical development on differential, overlapping spatial scales. From this perspective, the current round of globalization can be interpreted as a multidimensional process of re-scaling in which both cities and states are being reterritorialized in the conflictual search for ‘glocal’ scalar fixes.
The Text Matters: Eye Movements Reflect the Cognitive Processing of Interrogation Rights

Summary Suspects' decisions to waive or invoke interrogation rights have considerable impact on whether subsequent interrogations ensue, self-incriminating information is offered, and in the case of innocent suspects, wrongful convictions occur. Although interrogation warnings differ in their text characteristics, empirically examining the influence of these text differences on suspects' ability to process and comprehend their rights has largely been neglected, which is especially problematic for vulnerable populations. Using a novel approach, we monitored the eye movements of 60 juveniles as they silently read different versions of Miranda warnings in order to investigate the relationship among text characteristics, processing difficulty, and comprehension problems. Results indicated that text characteristics were associated with processing difficulties and these processing difficulties were strongly correlated with comprehension of the warnings. Along with advancing basic and applied research programs, this approach can inform policy decisions and benefit vulnerable populations whose comprehension of interrogation rights is encumbered by legalese.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive Semantic Featuring for Text Classification

In text classification, dictionaries can be used to define human-comprehensible features. We propose an improvement to dictionary features called smoothed dictionary features. These features recognize document contexts instead of n-grams. We describe a principled methodology to solicit dictionary features from a teacher, and present results showing that models built using these human-comprehensible features are competitive with models trained with Bag of Words features.
The Principal's Role in Creating Inclusive Schools for Diverse Students: A Review of Normative, Empirical, and Critical Literature on the Practice of Educational Administration

Public schools in the United States are serving a more heterogeneous student population now than ever before. Drawing on normative, empirical, and critical literatures, this review explores the role of school administrators in responding to the needs of diverse students. Three administrative tasks are highlighted: fostering new meanings about diversity, promoting inclusive school cultures and instructional programs, and building relationships between schools and communities. Administrative work that accomplishes these tasks can be thought of as a form of practice, with moral, epistemological, constitutive, and discursive dimensions. Inclusive administrative practice is rooted in values of equity and social justice; it requires administrators to bring their full subjectivities to bear on their practice, and it implicates language as a key mechanism for both oppression and transformation.
A 7 Mb duplication at 22q13 in a girl with bipolar disorder and hippocampal malformation

We identified a duplication of 22q13.1‐q13.2 in a 10‐year‐old girl and demonstrated that this duplication was the recombinant product of a maternal intrachromosomal insertion. Phenotypic characteristics included prominent forehead, small low‐set ears, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, small palpebral fissures, short philtrum, and syndactyly. MRI of the brain revealed high signal abnormalities in the periventricular white matter, a hypoplastic corpus callosum, under‐rotated hippocampus on the left and atrophic hippocampus on the right. Since age 5, the child's behavior has shown cyclic maniacal episodes with severely disorganized mood and behavior. Psychiatric and cognitive assessment led to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, manic episodes, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and moderate mental retardation. Array‐CGH revealed an interstitial duplication of 6.9 Mb at chromosome 22q: dup(22)(q13.1q13.2). FISH using BAC clones confirmed the array‐CGH results and demonstrated that the duplication was inverted. G‐banding analysis in the proposita's mother revealed a banding pattern suggestive of an intrachromosomal insertion, as demonstrated by dual‐color FISH with BACs that were duplicated in the proposita and multicolor‐banding (MCB) based on microdissection derived region‐specific libraries for chromosome 22. Our findings suggest that in both seemingly de novo deletions and duplications, the parent transmitting the imbalance should be investigated for possible balanced rearrangements. This report reinforces previous evidence that chromosome imbalances, and thus gene dosage effects, may be at the basis of some psychiatric disorders. Stringent correlations between submicroscopic imbalances, specific behavioral phenotypes and brain imaging will possibly help in dissecting complex behavioral traits. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential suppression of mammary and prostate cancer metastasis by human chromosomes 17 and 11.

Metastasis suppressor activities have previously been mapped to human chromosomes 17 and 11. Decreased expression of the metastasis suppressor gene NM23, which is located on chromosome 17, has been correlated with increased metastatic potential in mammary cancers. A region on human chromosome 11, from 11p11.2-p13, has been shown to suppress metastasis in rat prostatic carcinoma cells. In both cases the metastasis suppressor activity had no effect on tumorigenicity or tumor growth rate, demonstrating that the encoded activities are distinct from effects of tumor suppression. To determine whether these human chromosomes encode general or tissue-specific metastasis suppressor activities, a truncated human chromosome 17 (i.e., pter-q23) and a full-length human chromosome 11 were separately transferred into highly metastatic rat mammary and prostate cancer cell lines and tested for their ability to suppress spontaneous metastasis in vivo. These studies demonstrated that when the pter-q23 region of human chromosome 17 is retained by the microcell hybrids, the metastatic ability of both mammary and prostatic cancer cells is suppressed. In contrast, when the pter-q14 region of human chromosome 11 is retained, only the metastatic ability of prostatic cancer cells is suppressed. Additional studies demonstrated that the metastasis suppressor activity encoded by the chromosome 17 pter-q23 region is p53-independent and not due to enhanced expression of NM23 protein.
The family of fundamental social categories includes kinship: Evidence from the memory confusion paradigm

Kinship is a fundamental component of human sociality influencing a range of behaviors including altruism, aggression, and mating. Though a central focus in psychology’s neighboring disciplines, kinship has been largely neglected within psychology. An illustrative example ‐ and the focus here ‐ is research on social categorization. Researchers investigating the categories into which our mind carves the social world have focused primarily on sex, age, and race. Here we present evidence that kinship belongs in the family of fundamental social categories. In a series of experiments using a memory confusion paradigm, we show that participants implicitly encode the kinship relations of social targets and do so to the same extent as sex and age, two previously established robust dimensions of social categorization. The functional framework applied here provides useful guide-rails for investigating how the human mind naturally parses the social world, and, more broadly, helps unite psychology with its neighboring disciplines in which kinship is treated as an important conceptual tool. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voice And Stream: Perceptual And Computational Modeling Of Voice Separation

LISTENERS ARE THOUGHT TO BE CAPABLE of perceiving multiple voices in music. This paper presents different views of what 9voice9 means and how the problem of voice separation can be systematically described, with a view to understanding the problem better and developing a systematic description of the cognitive task of segregating voices in music. Well-established perceptual principles of auditory streaming are examined and then tailored to the more specific problem of voice separation in timbrally undifferentiated music. Adopting a perceptual view of musical voice, a computational prototype is developed that splits a musical score (symbolic musical data) into different voices. A single 9voice9 may consist of one or more synchronous notes that are perceived as belonging to the same auditory stream. The proposed model is tested against a small dataset that acts as ground truth. The results support the theoretical viewpoint adopted in the paper.