Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Microtubule-Based Transport at Presynaptic Nerve Terminals

Targeted intracellular movement of presynaptic proteins plays important roles during synapse formation and, later, in the homeostatic maintenance of mature synapses. Movement of these proteins, often as vesicular packages, is mediated by motor complexes travelling along intracellular cytoskeletal networks. Presynaptic protein transport by kinesin motors in particular plays important roles during synaptogenesis to bring newly synthesized proteins to establish nascent synaptic sites. Conversely, movement of proteins away from presynaptic sites by Dynein motors enables synapse-nuclear signaling and allows for synaptic renewal through degradation of unwanted or damaged proteins. Remarkably, recent data has indicated that synaptic and protein trafficking machineries can modulate each other’s functions. Here, we survey the mechanisms involved in moving presynaptic components to and away from synapses and how this process supports presynaptic function.
On the relation between MAP and BP GEXIT functions of low density parity check codes

We consider communication over binary input memoryless symmetric channels with low density parity check codes. The relationship between maximum a posteriori and belief propagation GEXIT functions is investigated using a set of correlation inequalities of statistical mechanics for Gaussian spin glasses. We use these to prove bounds that are believed to be tight and point out their close connection with the ones obtained by the interpolation method invented in the context of spin glasses.
Detecting seasonal variations in seismic velocities within Los Angeles basin from correlations of ambient seismic noise

SUMMARY We analyse 3 yr of continuous seismic records from broad-band stations of the Caltech Regional Seismic Network (CI) in vicinity of the Los Angeles basin. Using correlations of ambient seismic noise, relative velocity variations in the order of 0.1 per cent can be measured between all interstation pairs. It is the first time that such an extensive study between 861 interstation pairs over such a large area has been carried out. We perform these measurements using the ‘stretching’ technique, assuming that one of the two waveforms is merely a stretched version of the other. Obviously this assumption is always violated and the two waveforms are generally decorrelated due to temporal changes in the Earth crust, due to different sources or simply because the cross-correlations are not fully converged. We investigate the stability of these measurements by repeating each measurement over various time-windows of equal length. On average between all interstation pairs in the Los Angeles basin a seasonal signal in the relative velocity variation is observed, with peaks and troughs during winter and summer time, respectively. Generally the observed signal decreases with increasing interstation distance and relative traveltime perturbations can only be measured up to an interstation distance of 60 km. Furthermore, the traveltime perturbations do not depend on azimuth of station pairs, suggesting that they are not related to seasonal variations of the noise sources. Performing a simple regionalization by laterally averaging measurements over a subset of stations we found the sedimentary basin showing the most consistent signal and conclude that the observed seasonality might be induced either by changes in the ground-water aquifer or thermo-elastic strain variations that persist down to a depth of 15–22 km.
Editorial boards of accounting journals: gender diversity and internationalisation

Purpose - Editorial boards of academic journals represent a key institutional mechanism in the governance and functioning of the academic community. Board members play an important role in knowledge production and development of the discipline. The purpose of this paper is to enquire into the diversity characteristics of boards of accounting journals. Design/methodology/approach - Drawing on a diversity framework that distinguishes between societal diversity and value of diversity, the paper examines two board characteristics: gender diversity and internationalisation. Moreover, it examines the influence of three journal and two editor characteristics on board diversity and analyses trends over time. Findings - On gender, overall board trends are consistent with societal diversity and value of diversity: boards reflect the gender profile of senior academics. Further, female representation on boards is broadly consistent across the different journal nationalities; has improved over time; has experienced a convergence in “gender sensitive” sub-disciplines; and is influenced by female editorship. However, inequities appear to be present at the highest level: women appear to be less well represented than men as editors and women also have a lower representation on boards of higher ranked journals than on those of lower ranked journals. On internationalisation, once again, overall trends broadly reflect societal diversity and value at diversity. However, international scholars are less well represented on 4* boards than on 2* and 3* boards and on US boards than on Australian and UK boards. Further, there are signs of weakening US dominance in non-US journals. Originality/value - Drawing on the diversity framework, this is the first study to comprehensively examine gender diversity and internationalisation of accounting boards.
The effect of western rock lobster fishing on the deepwater ecosystems of the west coast of Western Australia

Disclaimer The authors do not warrant that the information in this document is free from errors or omissions. The authors do not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortious, or otherwise, for the contents of this document or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this document may not relate, or be relevant, to a readers particular circumstances. Opinions expressed by the authors are the individual opinions expressed by those persons and are not necessarily those of the publisher, research provider or the FRDC. This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Information may not be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. The Fisheries Research and Development Corporation plans, invests in and manages fisheries research and development throughout Australia. It is a statutory authority within the portfolio of the federal Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, jointly funded by the Australian Government and the fishing industry. Objectives 1. To identify gradients in the density/size distribution of western rock lobster to enable selection of representative areas. 2. To assess the catchability of western rock lobster and its relationship with population abundance and size structure. 3. To identify the relationship between the deep-water habitat and the density/size distribution of western rock lobster to enable a preliminary evaluation of the impact of lobster biomass removal in the deep-water. Non Technical Summary Outcomes achieved to date This study has resulted in the collection of biological, population and habitat data that improves our understanding of the role of western rock lobster in the deepwater ecosystem. The relationship between western rock lobster size and abundance and habitat established in this study is important for the effective management of the fishery in an ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) framework. For fisheries managers this information has application in two main areas. Firstly, it enables the examination of the spatial distribution of lobster abundance and size by habitat type and in combination with fine resolution fishing effort data may allow the assessment of standing biomass and harvest rate. Secondly, it provides invaluable information for the design and implementation of marine protected areas as a tool for research and species conservation. For researchers this …
The naive Bayes model , generalisations and applications ∗

The naive Bayes classification model is a very simple classification technique in which pattern features are assumed to be class-conditional independent. This is the so-called naive Bayes or independence assumption. In spite of being a strong, unrealistic assumption, the naive Bayes model often provides good results at low cost in terms of model complexity. The Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology group from the Universitat Politècnica de València maintains an active research line on this model, its generalisations (mainly discrete mixture models) and applications (text classification, word disambiguation and confidence measures for speech recognition, etc.).
Protecting multiple cores in a single FPGA design

As ﬁeld programmable gate arrays become larger and more complex, system developers look to purchase oﬀ-the-shelf cores from specialized core vendors to save on development costs. The FPGA “cores industry” is rapidly growing but is hampered by the inability of cores owners to enforce licensing, which leads to a less than ideal blanket licensing arrangements which are based on personal trust and paper agreements. This works well for large reputable companies that can front the money in advance and have a lot to lose from breach of contract, though less well for new companies, hobbyists and academics. In this paper we describe a new cryptographic method that allows system developers to integrate externally-developed cores into their own designs while still letting cores vendors enforce licensing terms. Our scheme only requires modest additions to the FPGA’s conﬁguration logic and software tools while only using established primitives. By partitioning the design ahead of time and using currently available design methods, the system developer allocated portions of the FPGA oﬀ-the-shelf cores. Bitstream portions corresponding to these partitions are encrypted by the cores vendors, assembled by the system developer into a single bitstream and are decrypted in the FPGA using symmetric and asymmetric cryptography methods.
Effective Generation and Update of a Building Map Database Through Automatic Building Change Detection from LiDAR Point Cloud Data

Periodic building change detection is important for many applications, including disaster management. Building map databases need to be updated based on detected changes so as to ensure their currency and usefulness. This paper first presents a graphical user interface (GUI) developed to support the creation of a building database from building footprints automatically extracted from LiDAR (light detection and ranging) point cloud data. An automatic building change detection technique by which buildings are automatically extracted from newly-available LiDAR point cloud data and compared to those within an existing building database is then presented. Buildings identified as totally new or demolished are directly added to the change detection output. However, for part-building demolition or extension, a connected component analysis algorithm is applied, and for each connected building component, the area, width and height are estimated in order to ascertain if it can be considered as a demolished or new building-part. Using the developed GUI, a user can quickly examine each suggested change and indicate his/her decision to update the database, with a minimum number of mouse clicks. In experimental tests, the proposed change detection technique was found to produce almost no omission errors, and when compared to the number of reference building corners, it reduced the human interaction to 14% for initial building map generation and to 3% for map updating. Thus, the proposed approach can be exploited for enhanced automated building information updating within a topographic database.
Real-time measurements of ammonia, acidic trace gases and water-soluble inorganic aerosol species at a rural site in the Amazon Basin

Abstract. We measured the mixing ratios of ammonia (NH3), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid (HONO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfur dioxide (SO2 and the corresponding water-soluble inorganic aerosol species, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), chloride (Cl- and sulfate (SO42-), and their diel and seasonal variations at a pasture site in the Amazon Basin (Rondonia, Brazil). This study was conducted within the framework of LBA-SMOCC (Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia - Smoke Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall and Climate: Aerosols from Biomass Burning Perturb Global and Regional Climate). Sampling was performed from 12 September to 14 November 2002, extending from the dry season (extensive biomass burning activity), through the transition period to the wet season (background conditions). Measurements were made continuously using a wet-annular denuder (WAD) in combination with a Steam-Jet Aerosol Collector (SJAC) followed by suitable on-line analysis. A detailed description and verification of the inlet system for simultaneous sampling of soluble gases and aerosol compounds is presented. Overall measurement uncertainties of the ambient mixing ratios usually remained below 15%. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined for each single data point measured during the field experiment. Median LOD values (3σ-definition) were ≤0.015ppb for acidic trace gases and aerosol anions and ≤0.118ppb for NH3 and aerosol NH4+. Mixing ratios of acidic trace gases remained below 1ppb throughout the measurement period, while NH3 levels were an order of magnitude higher. Accordingly, mixing ratios of NH4+ exceeded those of other inorganic aerosol contributors by a factor of 4 to 10. During the wet season, mixing ratios decreased by nearly a factor of 3 for all compounds compared to those observed when intensive biomass burning took place. Additionally, N-containing gas and aerosol species featured pronounced diel variations. This is attributed to strong relative humidity and temperature variations between day and night as well as to changing photochemistry and stability conditions of the planetary boundary layer. HONO exhibited a characteristic diel cycle with high mixing ratios at nighttime and was not completely depleted by photolysis during daylight hours.
An empirical robotic framework for interacting with multiple humans

Currently work in robotics is expanding from industrial robots to robots that are employed in the living environment. For robots to be accepted into the real world, they must be capable to behave in such a way that humans do with other humans. This paper focuses on designing a robotic framework to interact with multiple humans in a natural and social ways. To evaluate the robotic framework, we conducted an experiment to perform an important social function in any conversation such as initiating interaction with the target human in multiparty setting. Results show that the proposed robotic system is functioning to initiate an interaction process in four viewing situations.
Optimal design of distributed concatenated Alamouti codes for relay networks using uniquely-factorable QAM constellations

In this paper, a novel distributed concatenated Alamouti code is devised for a one-way relaying network consisting of two end nodes with each having a single antenna and one relay node equipped with two antennas. With the aid of the newly developed uniquely-factorable constellation pair (UFCP) generated from square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation and by jointly processing the noisy signals received at the relay node, such a design allows the terminal nodes and the relay node to transmit their own information concurrently at the symbol level, and turns the equivalent channel between the two end nodes into a product of two Alam-outi channels, thus, called UFCP concatenated Alamouti space-time block code (STBC) while maintaining the equivalent noise is still white Gaussian, thereby, leading to a symbol-by-symbol decodable optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver. In addition, an asymptotic symbol error probability (SEP) formula is derived with the ML detector, showing that the maximum diversity gain function is achieved, which is proportional to ln SNR/SNR2. Furthermore, an optimal power loading scheme minimizing the asymptotic SEP is proposed.
Perceptions of health care social workers in Ontario: challenges and facilitators to reflective practice

Abstract Background: Reflective practice in health care social work ensures that social workers provide effective and efficient services to clients as well as maintaining their mental and physical health. In this study, we aim to determine how health care social workers engage in and describe reflective practice and challenges related to their reflective practice in their work in the health care system. Methods: We used the Reflective Dialogue Rating Scale (RDRS) developed by Marion Bogo et al. to structure qualitative face-to-face interviews with 23 health care social workers employed in a hospital in a large urban area in Ontario, Canada. Results: Findings illustrated that all participants regularly engaged in reflective practice in order to carry out everyday social work activities, promote ethical practice, and to enhance the provision of services to their clients. The social worker participants consistently agreed that as a profession they faced challenges maintaining their knowledge of current research due to few opportunities for professional development, workload competing with educational opportunities, and a work climate that is not conducive to gaining professional development, thereby challenging reflective practice. Supportive working environments include: peer supervision, safe and private spaces to talk to colleagues, a supportive supervisor, and an overall positive organizational culture. Discussion and conclusion: Reflective practice is a key component in health care social work. All 23 social workers stated that they used reflective techniques (such as peer supervision and debriefing) to deal with their own reactions and operated in a purposeful and intentional manner to form therapeutic relationships with clients. As such, participants stated that lifelong learning was paramount in providing quality care to clients.
The Colombian Economy In The Nineties: Capital Flows And Foreign Exchange Regimes

During several decades, Colombia was considered a very special case among Latin American countries due to its outstanding economic stability. Despite deep political problems and a long tradition of violence, economic growth was sustained. Colombia experienced moderate economic cycles and a steady GDP growth (Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 1995). Between 1931 and 1998, the rate of growth of GDP was always positive and inflation was kept under control, although the latter one remained at moderately high levels, between 20% and 30%, during almost three decades starting in the early seventies. Quoting Dornbusch and Fisher (1992), Colombia was, “par excellence, the country of moderate inflation”. Before the nineties, Colombian economic stability was well grounded in a relatively orthodox fiscal policy, a monetary policy that was complacent with inertial inflation but which had a high degree of aversion against inflation rates above 30%, and a foreign exchange policy that gave heavy weight to real exchange rate stability among other policy objectives.
Cortical Sensitivity to Guitar Note Patterns: EEG Entrainment to Repetition and Key

Music is ubiquitous throughout recent human culture, and many individual's have an innate ability to appreciate and understand music. Our appreciation of music likely emerges from the brain's ability to process a series of repeated complex acoustic patterns. In order to understand these processes further, cortical responses were measured to a series of guitar notes presented with a musical pattern or without a pattern. ERP responses to individual notes were measured using a 24 electrode Bluetooth mobile EEG system (Smarting mBrainTrain) while 13 healthy non-musicians listened to structured (i.e., within musical keys and with repetition) or random sequences of guitar notes for 10 min each. We demonstrate an increased amplitude to the ERP that appears ~200 ms to notes presented within the musical sequence. This amplitude difference between random notes and patterned notes likely reflects individual's cortical sensitivity to guitar note patterns. These amplitudes were compared to ERP responses to a rare note embedded within a stream of frequent notes to determine whether the sensitivity to complex musical structure overlaps with the sensitivity to simple irregularities reflected in traditional auditory oddball experiments. Response amplitudes to the negative peak at ~175 ms are statistically correlated with the mismatch negativity (MMN) response measured to a rare note presented among a series of frequent notes (i.e., in a traditional oddball sequence), but responses to the subsequent positive peak at ~200 do not show a statistical relationship with the P300 response. Thus, the sensitivity to musical structure identified to 4 Hz note patterns appears somewhat distinct from the sensitivity to statistical regularities reflected in the traditional “auditory oddball” sequence. Overall, we suggest that this is a promising approach to examine individual's sensitivity to complex acoustic patterns, which may overlap with higher level cognitive processes, including language.
Working Toward Peace: A Holistic Approach to Addressing Youth Violence by Pleasant Hill Baptist Church

The prevalence of unintentional injury and violent behavior among school aged youth in Boston compared to the rest of the country is quite similar. And in the past decade, in spite of attempts both locally and nationally to stymie these behaviors, there has been no change in prevalence. Moreover, such behaviors are the leading cause of death and disability among youth and adults in the United States. This paper will discuss the strategies that have been employed by Pleasant Hill Baptist Church, Boston, MA in response to this trend and will focus on high-risk youth, especially those involved with gangs.