Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Search for a Stable Money Demand Function

A method of filtering and a filter having a housing in which a filtering screen having a bag-shaped configuration is located. A removable floatable container is located within the filter housing, inside the filter screen. The container includes parts which are spacedly positioned from the screen so as to enable liquid flow through the filter to pass around the container and through portions of the screen.
Learning English and beyond: A Holistic Approach to Supporting English Learners in Afterschool.

reports suggest that the number of ELs will be increas­ ing. By the year 2030, it is projected that 40 percent of the school-aged population in the nation will be lan­ guage minorities (McNeir & Wambalaba, 2006). In California the story is similar. The state has seen a rapid rise in the number of afterschool programs due to Proposition 49, a voter-approved initiative that dra­ matically increased funding for afterschool programs from $50 million in 1999 to $550 million in 2007. The California initiative especially targeted funds to pro­ grams in the most economically disadvantaged commu­ nities. In California, 54 percent of children of immi­ grants live in poverty (Urban Institute, 2006). ELs constitute 25 percent of all public school students (Goldsmith, Jucovy, & Arbreton, 2008)—the highest
Optimization of Products Shelf Space Allocation Based on Product Price Using Multilevel Association Rules

Product allocation, product assortment, and product price have a significant influence on customer buying behavior. With limitation on shelf space, retailer must select, pricing, and allocate the products on shelf space optimally to maximize the profit for retailer. This study is focused on optimizing products shelf space allocation based on the relationship between product categories and product prices using data mining technique, that is, multilevel association rules. Takes advantage of data transactions, 9 associations between categories, 24 associations between subcategories, and 67 associations between products were obtained. Using zero-one integer programming, 61 products were selected along with their price, to be allocated in a minimarket outlet to maximize the retailer’s profit. The results of this study shows the product allocation configuration based on the relationship between product categories and product price that maximize retailer’s profit.
Group Versus Individual Administration Affects Baseline Neurocognitive Test Performance

Background: Computer-based tests are widely used for the purpose of documenting baseline neurocognitive function, and athletes are often tested in groups. At present, there is limited research on the effects of administering these tests in a group versus individual setting. Hypothesis: Athletes assessed with neurocognitive tests in groups would show decreased performance compared with those assessed individually. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: High school athletes completed preseason baseline neurocognitive tests either in groups in their school or individually in a private neuropsychological clinic (with no significant between-group differences in sex, history of concussion, and attention deficit disorder/learning disability). All athletes completed the ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) test battery on 1 occasion, which yielded scores in the area of verbal memory, visual memory, motor processing speed, reaction time, and symptom scores. Results: Athletes in the group setting scored significantly lower on verbal memory (mean 83.4 vs 86.5; P = .003), visual memory (mean 71.6 vs 76.7; P = .0001), motor processing speed (mean 35.6 vs 38.4; P = .0001), and reaction time (mean 0.61 vs 0.57; P = .001), but not symptom scores (mean 6.1 vs 4.4; P = .11), and exhibited a greater rate of invalid baselines. Similar results were obtained after excluding athletes with attention deficit disorder/learning disability and/or a history of concussion. Conclusion: Administering baseline neurocognitive testing to athletes in a group setting may introduce extraneous error, negatively affecting test performance.
Visual languages for event integration specification

We are exploring existing approaches and developing new techniques for visual event-based system integration. We are using domain-specific visual languages with different high-level visual metaphors (including Tool Abstraction, Event-Query-Filter-Action and Spreadsheet) to specify event-handling support and provide backend processing tool support for event integration specification and visualisation of event propagation. We aim to generalise from three exemplar visual event-driven system metaphors and develop a new, generic visual event handling metaphor. From this we will build a visual environment for specifying event-based system integration. The visual metaphor we are developing should adapt the event-based communication model to a wide range of application domains, and also should support complex and intelligent system design and implementation.
Ex vivo intestinal studies on calcium and phosphate transport in growing goats fed a reduced nitrogen diet

In ruminant feeding, the reduction of dietary protein is an effective approach for decreasing the excretion of N. In non-ruminant species, the intestinal absorption of Ca was affected when dietary protein was reduced. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to characterise the intestinal absorption of Ca and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in goats fed different N and Ca diets. Intestinal flux rates of Ca and Pi were determined in goats fed a reduced N and Ca diet by Ussing chamber experiments. For a more mechanistic approach, the uptake of Ca and Pi in intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV), the expression levels of the epithelial Ca channel transient receptor potential vanilloid channel type 6 (TRPV6), the sodium-dependent Pi transporter (NaPi) IIb and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) were measured. In goats fed a reduced N and Ca diet, the intestinal flux rates of Ca and Pi were elevated. However, the reduced N and Ca diet had no effect on the uptake of Ca and Pi in intestinal BBMV, while the expression of TRPV6 and NaPi IIb protein in the corresponding intestinal segments was even decreased. The mRNA expression of NaPi IIb and VDR was not affected. Therefore, a post-transcriptional regulation of TRPV6 and NaPi IIb protein was suggested in goats fed a reduced N and Ca diet. From these data, it can be concluded that the intestinal absorption of Ca and Pi in growing goats was affected by changes in dietary N and Ca intake like those in single-stomached animals but differently modulated.
Shadow volume reconstruction from depth maps

Current graphics hardware can be used to generate shadows using either the shadow volume or shadow map techniques. However, the shadow volume technique requires access to a representation of the scence as a polygonal model, and handling the near plane clip correctly and efficiently is difficult; conversely, accurate shadow maps require high-precision texture map data representations, but these are not widely supported. We present a hybird of the shadow map and shadow volume approaches which does not have these difficulties and leverages high-performance polygon rendering. The scene is rendered from the point of view of the light source and a sampled depth map is recovered. Edge detection and a template-based reconstruction technique are used to generate a global shadow volume boundary surface, after which the pixels in shadow can be marked using only a one-bit stencil buffer and a single-pass rendering of the shadow volume boundary polygons. The simple form of our template-based reconstruction scheme simplifies capping the shadow volume after the near plane clip.
A Century of Player Movement in Major League Baseball

The present paper examines aggregate player movement in Major League Baseball over the majority of the 20th century. Major League Baseball has been subject to numerous exogenous shocks across the period. For example, it has been subject to competition during the mid-1910s with the introduction of the Federal League. It has also changed its own rules such as racial integration, free agency, and revenue sharing. In order to examine the impact that these shocks have on player movement we examine movement over three dimensions: total players, total at-bats, and total innings. In the end we find that free agency, racial integration, and revenue sharing increased player movement.
Using an Auditory Display to Assist in Multiple Visual Tasks

This research investigates the use of auditory displays in complex tasks with multiple visual displays. Participants were trained extensively in a dual task that requires timepressured, manual responses to stimuli on two displays. Continuous responses were required on the first display. Complex decisions were intermittently required on the second display. The number of decisions required within a short time varied from one to eight. A 2x2 factorial design was used. In two conditions the participants could not see the other display in their periphery. In two conditions auditory cues were presented for visual events on the second display. Each participant completed sessions across three consecutive days. It was found that auditory displays allow for considerable strategy optimization, but only when peripheral information was not available and only after considerable practice. Additionally, the lack of peripheral information negatively affected performance more when fewer decisions were required. Design implications are discussed. Author
Selected instructional strategies, learner outcome, and attitudes of adult learners in a mandatory education setting

The primary purpose o f the study was an inve s tiga tio n o f the teaching-learning transaction by determining the e ffe c t o f selected in s tru c tio n a l s tra teg ies on learning outcome o f adults enrolled in a le g is la t iv e ly mandated pestic ide re c e r t if ic a t io n program. A ttitudes and selected personal descrip tors which might a ffe c t learning outcome were also examined. The population fo r the study was 654 p riva te pes tic ide applicators applying fo r re licens ing . Ranging in age from 16 to 83, the pestic ide app lica to rs represented D is t r ic t V o f the Montana Pestic ide R e c e r t if i­ cation Program, encompassing 11 counties. The re c e r t if ic a t io n program was comprised o f a s ix-hour block o f in s tru c tio n which included seven c r i te r ia deemed necessary in order to be licensed to purchase and apply res tric ted -use compounds. The f i f t h c r i te r ia , Pesticide Safety, served as the subject matter content fo r the development o f the in s tru c tio n a l s tra teg ies id e n t if ie d as lec tu re , representing a pedagogical methodology, and small group discussion, re p re se n tin g an andragogical methodology. Upon conclusion o f the sa fe ty in s tru c tio n , pa rtic ipa n ts were asked to complete three data c o lle c tio n instruments, which included a measure o f learn ing outcome, an a tt itu d in a l scale, and a general inform ation questionnaire ascer­ ta in in g personal descrip to rs . Sixty-seven percent o f the pa rtic ipa n ts would have pa rtic ipa ted v o lu n ta r i ly had the program not been le g is la t iv e ly mandated; 45% indicated th e ir agreement in favor o f a le g is la t iv e ly mandated program. N inety-four percent o f the pa rtic ipa n ts were favorable to the strategy they rece ived w h ile 80% indicated th e ir p r io r experience did not e lim inate the need fo r the safety in form ation. S ig n ific a n t differences were found to e x is t fo r the independent variab le o f in s tru c tio n a l stra tegy, w ith mean scores on learn ing outcome higher fo r the group re c e iv in g the le c tu re s tra te g y . The group having completed an education level o f 13 to 16 years demonstrated a s ig n if ic a n t ly higher score on learning outcome. In add ition , learning outcome was s ig n i f i ­ c a n tly re la te d to the two a t t i tu d e v a r ia b le s . A ttitu d e toward in s tru c tio n a l stra tegy received accounted fo r 58% o f the variance in learning outcome. Service providers o f one-time, mandated educational a c t iv it ie s need to consider the learning environment, a ttitude s o f the learner, and personal descrip to rs , especia lly age and level o f education, when se lecting in s tru c tio n a l s tra teg ies . Experience o f the learner should also be considered as an important va riab le .
Multi-stage Human-computer Interaction for Command Refining on an Intelligent Personal Assistant !

Abstract This project proposes and investigates a new approach to deliver a better result and user experience of intelligent personal assistant. This project is highly relevant to the design and development of applications and services for next generation mobile devices and wearable devices. Currently, most intelligent personal assistant implementations such as Apple Siri, Google Voice, and Samsung S Voice adopt a one-stage human-computer interaction approach. The approach made by these technologies analyzes users’ commands and directly presents the results. This project investigates whether a multistage human-computer interaction approach would improve the quality and utility of the results. The study has shown that these improvements yield a better user experience and user satisfaction.
Automatic array alignment in data-parallel programs

Data-parallel languages like Fortran 90 express parallelism in the form of operations on data aggregates such as arrays. Misalignment of the operands of an array operation can reduce program performance on a distributed-memory parallel machine by requiring nonlocal data accesses. Determining array alignments that reduce communication is therefore a key issue in compiling such languages. We present a framework for the automatic determination of array alignments in data-parallel languages such as Fortran 90. Our language model handles array sectioning, reductions, spreads, transpositions, and masked operations. We decompose alignment functions into three constituents: axis, stride, and offset. For each of these subproblems, we show how to solve the alignment problem for a basic block of code, possibly containing common subexpressions. Alignments are generated for all array objects in the code, both named program variables and intermediate results. The alignments obtained by our algorithms are more general than those provided by the “owner-computes” rule. Finally, we present some ideas for dealing with control flow, replication, and dynamic alignments that depend on loop induction variables.
EIT reconstruction algorithms: pitfalls, challenges and recent developments

We review developments, issues and challenges in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for the 4th Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography, held at Manchester in 2003. We focus on the necessity for three-dimensional data collection and reconstruction, efficient solution of the forward problem, and both present and future reconstruction algorithms. We also suggest common pitfalls or ‘inverse crimes’ to avoid.
Chapter 8: Distinct intersection points

Claim 1.1. Let L be a set of n lines in R. Then there exists a nontrivial polynomial f ∈ R[x1, x2, x3] of degree smaller than 3 √ n that vanishes on all the lines of L. Proof. Let P be a set of at most 4n points, that is obtained by arbitrarily choosing 4 √ n points from every line of L. Since ( 3 √ n+3 3 ) > 4n, by Lemma 2.1 of Chapter 5 there exists a nontrivial polynomial f ∈ R[x1, x2, x3] of degree at most 3 √ n that vanishes on P . Consider a line l ∈ L. Since f vanishes on at least 4 √ n points of l, Bézout’s theorem implies that l is contained in Z(f).
Structure of the Ring Cleavage Product of 1-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoate, an Intermediate of the Phenanthrene-Degradative Pathway ofNocardioides sp. Strain KP7

ABSTRACT 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate (compound I) is a metabolite of the phenanthrene-degradative pathway in Nocardioides sp. strain KP7. This singly hydroxylated aromatic compound is cleaved by 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate dioxygenase. In this study, the structure of the ring cleavage product generated by the action of homogeneous 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate dioxygenase was determined upon separation by high-performance liquid chromatography at pH 2.5 by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopic techniques. The ring cleavage product at this pH existed in equilibrium between two forms, 2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-1-isobenzofuranyl)propanoate (compound III) and 2,2-dihydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-1-isobenzofuranyl)propanoate (compound IV). After the pH of the solution was raised to 7.5, the structure of the major species became (E)-4-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate (compound II; common name, trans-2′-carboxybenzalpyruvate), which was in equilibrium with compound III. Direct monitoring of the enzymatic formation of the ring cleavage product by 1H-NMR in a deuterated potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) detected only compound II as a product, and the proton on carbon 3 of compound II was not exchanged with deuterium. Thus, compound II is likely to be the first stable product of dioxygenation of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.
About To Have ECT? Fine, but Don't Watch It in the Movies: The Sorry Portrayal of ECT in Film

Hollywood has had a long-standing love affair with psychiatry and its portrayals of electroconvulsive therapy reflect and influence public attitudes toward the treatment. One-third of medical students decreased their support for the treatment after being shown ECT scenes from movies, and the proportion of students who would dissuade a family member or friend from having ECT rose from less than 10% prior to viewing to almost 25% afterward. So what is the legacy of portrayals that have been so abhorrent, and are there any exceptions to the rule?
Elastin metabolism and chemistry: potential roles in lung development and structure.

Elastic fibers are important for elasticity and extensibility of lung tissue. In the developing lung, elastic fibers appear in greatest numbers during the process or period of alveolarization . A variety of mesenchymal cells in lung appear responsible for elastin synthesis. Elastin is a novel protein both from the standpoint of its processing into elastic fibers and chemical properties. For example, elastin undergoes posttranslational modification before its assembly into fibers. These steps include limited proteolysis, hydroxylation of prolyl residues and the oxidative deamination of lysyl residues prior to their incorporation into the crosslinks that covalently bond together polypeptide chains of elastin. The crosslinking amino acids include lysinonorleucine , merodesmosine and desmosine isomers. A key enzyme that controls this process is lysyl oxidase. Lysyl oxidase is a copper metalloprotein whose activity is responsive to and modulated by environmental insults, nutrition deficiencies and the administration of various pharmacological agents. Regarding chemical properties, elastin is one of the most apolar proteins secreted by mammalian cells. Moreover, elastin is one of the most long-lived proteins secreted into the extracellular matrix. In relationship to its processing into elastic fibers and chemical properties, details related to major aspects of elastin metabolism as well as speculation on its potential as a factor in lung development and disease are discussed. ImagesFIGURE 1.
ELA TP K COMPLETION OF PARTIAL MATRICES WITH ONE UNSPECIFIED ENTRY

Abstract. Every partial TP2 (TP1) matrix with one unspecified entry has a TP2 (TP1) completion. For a given m-by-n pattern with one unspecified entry, the minimum set of conditions characterizing TP3 completability is given. These conditions are at most eight polynomial inequalities on the specified entries of the pattern. For k ≥ 3, patterns with one unspecified entry that are TPk completable are also characterized, and conditions are described for completability otherwise.
MONEY AND MORALE: What Growing Inequality Is Doing to Americans' Views of Themselves and Others

A review of leading indicators of subjective well-being reveals that the affluent feel better than the middle class and much better than the poor, that the income gaps on three indicators grew wider over time, that the income gap on one other probably increased as well, and that affluent and poor alike became significantly less trusting of their fellow citizens. The evidence indicates that the poor closed some of the gap on one key indicator – health – but that gain was made early on, before 1980. Furthermore, income has become more salient for two indicators of how people see their place in American society. These trends are linked to rising inequality because the affluent have better outcomes on all these things and the gap between the affluent and poor has widened on most of them. The affluent have benefited more from changes since inequality began to rise or become dissatisfied slower than the poor have over this time period. -------------------*This research is part of a national initiative to investigate the social consequences of rising economic inequality, organized and funded by the Russell Sage Foundation. Thanks to Claude S. Fischer, Neil Fligstein, Andrew Greeley, Christopher Jencks, Robert LeLonde, Judith Levine, Susan Mayer, Robert T. Michael, and Tom Smith for useful comments and to Aliya Saperstein for valuable research assistance. The opinions, interpretations, and errors are my own.
Privacy-preserving Bayesian network structure learning on distributed heterogeneous data

Privacy concerns often prevent different parties from sharing their data in order to carry out data mining applications on their joint data. Privacy-preserving data mining provides a solution by creating distributed data mining algorithm in which the underlying data is not revealed. In this paper, we address a particular data mining problem, learning the structure of Bayesian network on distributed heterogeneous data. In this setting, three or more parties owning confidential databases wish to learn the structure on the combination of their databases without revealing anything about their data to each other. We provide a private generalized scalar product share protocol for learning the empirical entropy. Then we give an effective and privacy-preserving version of the B&BMDL algorithm to construct the structure of a Bayesian network for the parties' joint data. In comparison to the previously known solution for this problem (Wright and Yang, 2004), which is based on K2 algorithm, our solution provides complete accuracy, full privacy, ideal universality, and better performance. In particular, our solution provides fully private, in that the only thing the parties learn about each other's inputs is the desired output and the number of stochastic variables' value, and more universal, in that the databases partitioned vertically are among three or more parties, and completely accurate, in that the structure computed are exactly what they would be if the data was centralized. In addition, our solution works for both binary and non-binary discrete data.
Evolving robot morphology

True evolvable hardware should evolve whole hardware structures. In robotics, it is not enough only to evolve the control circuit; the performance of the control circuit is dependent on other hardware parameters-the robot body plan, which might include body size, wheel radius, motor time constant, sensors, etc. Both the control circuit and the body plan co-evolve in true evolvable hardware. By including the robot body plan in the genotype as a kind of Hox gene, we co-evolve task-fulfilling behaviors and body plans, and we study the distribution of body parameters in the morphological space. Further, we have developed a new hardware module for the Khepera robot, namely ears with programmable amplifiers, synthesizers and mixers, that allow us to study true evolvable hardware by modelling the evolution of auditory sensor morphology.