Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modifications in plasma membrane lipid composition and morphological features of AH-130 hepatoma cells by polyenylphosphatidylcholine in vivo treatment.

The plasma membrane lipid composition in AH-130 hepatoma cells was found to change remarkably after polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) treatment. Plasma membranes from cells grown in rats treated for 7 days i.v. with 20 mg/kg/day PPC, when compared to those of control cells, did not show significantly different amounts of cholesterol or phospholipids relative to protein content, but, surprisingly, the individual phospholipid distribution inside the two membrane leaflets changed dramatically. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), the major phospholipid in the external membrane leaflet, increased ~47% (p<0.001). By contrast, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), the most important component of the inner leaflet, decreased nearly 37% (p<0.001), while sphingomyelin (SM) also decreased ~17%, (p=0.1). Tumor cells collected from control rats at the same time interval and observed by scanning electron microscopy, exhibited a spherical shape with numerous and randomly distributed long microvilli, the same morphological and ultrastructural features displayed by the implanted cells. Conversely, tumor cells from PPC-treated rats no longer showed the roundish cell profile, and microvilli appeared shortened and enlarged, with the formation of surface blebs. Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the morphological and ultrastructural cell changes, mainly seen as loss of microvilli and intense cytoplasmic vacuolization. Taken together, these results indicate that the new phospholipid class distribution in the plasma membrane leaflets, modifying tumor cell viable structures, produced heavy cell damage and in many cases brought about complete cellular disintegration.
Buprenorphine – an attractive opioid with underutilized potential in treatment of chronic pain

Despite proven clinical utility, buprenorphine has not been used widely for the treatment of chronic pain. Questions about “ceiling effect” or bell-shaped curve observed for analgesia in preclinical studies and potential withdrawal issues on combining with marketed μ-agonists continue to hinder progress in expanding full potential of buprenorphine in the treatment of cancer and noncancer pain. Mounting evidence from clinical studies and conclusions drawn by a panel of experts strongly support superior safety and efficacy profile of buprenorphine vs marketed opioids. No ceiling on analgesic effect has been reported in clinical studies. The receptor pharmacology and pharmacokinetics profile of buprenorphine is complex but unique and contributes to its distinct safety and efficacy. The buprenorphine pharmacology also allows it to be combined with other μ-receptor opioids for additivity in efficacy. Transdermal delivery products of buprenorphine have been preferred choices for the management of pain but new delivery options are under investigation for the treatment of both opioid dependence and chronic pain.
The Search for Co-Integratıon Between Money , Prıces and Income : Low Frequency Evıdence From the Turkısh Economy

In this paper, we aim to test the empirical validity of the QTM relationship for the Turkish economy. Using some contemporaneous time series estimation techniques, our estimation results reveal that stationarity characteristics of the velocities of currency in circulation and the broad money aggregate in the economy cannot be rejected through a quantity theoretical co-integrating long-term variable space. We find that there exists an about one-to-one proportionality between money and prices and money and real income, and that exogeneity of money cannot be rejected for the currency in circulation in the economy. But, the exception here comes from the broad monetary aggregate used in the QTM equation such that money seems to be endogenous as for the long-term variable space.
Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles—an antimicrobial study

Abstract In this study, we investigate the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles with various particle sizes. ZnO was prepared by the base hydrolysis of zinc acetate in a 2-propanol medium and also by a precipitation method using Zn(NO3)2 and NaOH. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Bacteriological tests such as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion were performed in Luria-Bertani and nutrient agar media on solid agar plates and in liquid broth systems using different concentrations of ZnO by a standard microbial method for the first time. Our bacteriological study showed the enhanced biocidal activity of ZnO nanoparticles compared with bulk ZnO in repeated experiments. This demonstrated that the bactericidal efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles increases with decreasing particle size. It is proposed that both the abrasiveness and the surface oxygen species of ZnO nanoparticles promote the biocidal properties of ZnO nanoparticles.
Fasciola hepatica miracidia: Lectin binding and stimulation of in vitro miracidium-to-sporocyst transformation

The lectin binding properties of Fasciola hepatica miracidia were studied by a panel of fluorescein- and gold-conjugated lectins (ConA, LCA, WGA, LEA, SBA, HPA and UEA-I). The presence of mannose and/or glucose residues was demonstrated with ConA and LCA as weak diffuse fluorescence of the miracidial surface, which was more intense at the anterior part of the larva. The N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectins WGA and LEA reacted intensely with the whole miracidial surface. No labelling with N-acetylgalactosamine and/or galactose-specific (SBA and HPA) and fucose-specific UEA-I lectins was observed. The possibility that the specific recognition of the miracidial surface carbohydrates by lectins may initiate the process of transformation of the miracidia into sporocysts was examined in vitro in physiological saline for Galba truncatula. Incubation in the presence of ConA and WGA resulted in facilitation of the transformation process. Facilitation was absent in the presence of inhibitor sugars. Incubation in the presence of SBA or UEA-I had no effect. The results suggested a possible impact of carbohydrate-lectin interactions in transformation of miracidia of F. hepatica to sporocysts in vivo.
Updates to Multi-Dimensional Flux Reconstruction for Hypersonic Simulations on Tetrahedral Grids

The quality of simulated hypersonic stagnation region heating with tetrahedral meshes is investigated by using an updated three-dimensional, upwind reconstruction algorithm for the inviscid flux vector. An earlier implementation of this algorithm provided improved symmetry characteristics on tetrahedral grids compared to conventional reconstruction methods. The original formulation however displayed quantitative differences in heating and shear that were as large as 25% compared to a benchmark, structured- grid solution. The primary cause of this discrepancy is found to be an inherent inconsistency in the formulation of the flux limiter. The inconsistency is removed by employing a GreenGauss formulation of primitive gradients at nodes to replace the previous Gram-Schmidt algorithm. Current results are now in good agreement with benchmark solutions for two challenge problems: (1) hypersonic flow over a three-dimensional cylindrical section with special attention to the uniformity of the solution in the spanwise direction and (2) hypersonic flow over a three-dimensional sphere. The tetrahedral cells used in the simulation are derived from a structured grid where cell faces are bisected across the diagonal resulting in a consistent pattern of diagonals running in a biased direction across the otherwise symmetric domain. This grid is known to accentuate problems in both shock capturing and stagnation region heating encountered with conventional, quasi-one-dimensional inviscid flux reconstruction algorithms. Therefore the test problems provide a sensitive indicator for algorithmic effects on heating. Additional simulations on a sharp, double cone and the shuttle orbiter are then presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the new algorithm on more geometrically complex flows with tetrahedral grids. These results provide the first indication that pure tetrahedral elements utilizing the updated, three-dimensional, upwind reconstruction algorithm may be used for the simulation of heating and shear in hypersonic flows in upwind, finite volume formulations.
MicroRNA Therapeutics for Cardiac Disease

Copyright: © 2013 Tang Y, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Cardiac disease is a major health concern among the elderly and obese populations. Being the number one cause of death in America, it is rapidly becoming a popular topic for researchers nowadays. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that range from 19 to 25 nucleotides in length and regulate gene expression mainly via binding to mRNAs and causing the repression of their expression [1,2]. They serve as intracellular mediators that are necessary for the heart to function properly. It has been shown that the causes of some cardiovascular diseases can be linked to aberrant expression of MiRs [3]. Therefore, these tiny molecules are of immense importance and have become a target for drug therapy in heart disease.
A New Topology for 81-Level Hybrid Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Number of Power Electronic Components and Voltage Boosting Capability

In this paper, a new topology is implemented to get high number of levels at the output with reduced number of switches, gate driver circuits. The size, complexity and power consumption in the gate driver circuits is also reduced. In this, the Hybrid Bridge is used to get 81-level output voltage with the use of amplitude modulation. Multilevel inverters can operate not only with PWM techniques but also with amplitude modulation will improves significantly the quality of the output voltage waveform. With the use of amplitude modulation, low frequency voltage harmonics are perfectly eliminated. This paper presents a single-phase 81-level Hybrid multilevel inverter for a grid-connected system which is used for reactive power compensation. The proposed topology has the feature like boost output voltage capability along with capacitor voltage balancing. Simulation results obtained from Matlab/Simulink to simulate 81-levels of voltage with only four power supplies and sixteen transistors.
Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, α-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses

Abstract Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differences in total SFA and MUFA concentrations between organic and conventional milk. However, concentrations of total PUFA and n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in organic milk, by an estimated 7 (95 % CI −1, 15) % and 56 (95 % CI 38, 74) %, respectively. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid (ALA), very long-chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DPA+DHA) and conjugated linoleic acid were also significantly higher in organic milk, by an 69 (95 % CI 53, 84) %, 57 (95 % CI 27, 87) % and 41 (95 % CI 14, 68) %, respectively. As there were no significant differences in total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations, the n-6:n-3 and LA:ALA ratios were lower in organic milk, by an estimated 71 (95 % CI −122, −20) % and 93 (95 % CI −116, −70) %. It is concluded that organic bovine milk has a more desirable fatty acid composition than conventional milk. Meta-analyses also showed that organic milk has significantly higher α-tocopherol and Fe, but lower I and Se concentrations. Redundancy analysis of data from a large cross-European milk quality survey indicates that the higher grazing/conserved forage intakes in organic systems were the main reason for milk composition differences.
Epidemiological Burden of Tuberculosis in Developing Countries

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by different species of the genus Mycobacte‐ ria. Together with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV)/Acquired Immunodefi‐ ciency Syndrome (AIDS) and malaria, tuberculosis is one of the biggest killers in the Word (Rodriguez-Morales AJ et al 2008, Murcia-Aranguren MI et al 2001). Human disease is usu‐ ally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, also know as the Koch’s bacilli (Figure 1), which can affect any organ or tissue in the body, and in some cases due to M. bovis (CastanedaHernandez DM & Rodriguez-Morales AJ 2012a). Although this, pulmonary disease, with their particular hallmarks such as occurrence of cough with expectoration lasting more than 15 days, is the main corporal area affected by this mainly tropical pathogen (Rodriguez-Mo‐ rales AJ et al 2008; Castaneda-Hernandez DM & Rodriguez-Morales AJ 2012). In such cases, previous to a microbiological diagnosis, individuals in such state are so-called respiratory symptomatic.
A Compressed Sensing Feature Extraction Approach for Diagnostics and Prognostics in Electromagnetic Solenoids

One major realm of Condition Based Maintenance is finding features that reflect the current health state of the asset or component under observation. Most of the existing approaches are accompanied with high computational costs during the different feature processing phases making them infeasible in a real-world scenario. In this paper a feature generation method is evaluated compensating for two problems: (1) storing and handling large amounts of data and (2) computational complexity. Both aforementioned problems are existent e.g. when electromagnetic solenoids are artificially aged and health indicators have to be extracted or when multiple identical solenoids have to be monitored. To overcome those problems, Compressed Sensing (CS), a new research field that keeps constantly emerging into new applications, is employed. CS is a data compression technique allowing original signal reconstruction with far fewer samples than Shannon- Nyquist dictates, when some criteria are met. By applying this method to measured solenoid coil current, raw data vectors can be reduced to a way smaller set of samples that yet contain enough information for proper reconstruction. The obtained CS vector is also assumed to contain enough relevant information about solenoid degradation and faults, allowing CS samples to be used as input to fault detection or remaining useful life estimation routines. The paper givessome results demonstrating compression and reconstruction of coil current measurements and outlines the application of CS samples as condition monitoring data by determining deterioration and fault related features. Nevertheless, some unresolved issues regarding information loss during the compression stage, the design of the compression method itself and its influence on diagnostic/prognostic methods exist.
THE EFFECT OF EXTRA FOOD ON SMALL RODENT POPULATIONS: II. VOLES (MICROTUS TOWNSENDII)

SUMMARY (1) Voles on three areas were provided with different levels of extra food in the form of laboratory chow and oats for approximately one year. (2) On areas with intermediate and high extra food, population density increased to twice the control density. (3) Extra food increased immigration and reproduction, and shortened the winter non-breeding season. (4) Males and females had smaller home ranges on areas with extra food. This may have facilitated immigration to these populations. (5) Voles were removed from three other areas and re-colonization was measured. Immigration was related to the density of extra food; three times as many voles colonized a high food area compared with a control. (6) These results, combined with those of previous research which has shown that a viable surplus of voles exists in natural populations, suggest that the vole's population size is limited by both behaviour and food.
Effect of sintering on mechanical properties of cold sprayed thermal barrier coatings

In this study, thermal barrier coatings were deposited on nickel-based super-alloy with CoNiCrAlY bond and yttria partially stabilised zirconia top coats, using cold gas dynamic spraying and atmospheric plasma spraying techniques, respectively. High temperature oxidation behaviour and sintering effect on the mechanical properties of the coatings were studied. The main objective of this work is to explain the alteration in coating structure depending on temperature, and the mechanisms that lead to alterations in mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and hardness. Structural examination after oxidation revealed a decrease in porosity content and crack healing on ceramic top coatings resulting from sintering effect.
A single g factor is not necessary to simulate positive correlations between cognitive tests

In the area of abilities testing, one issue of continued dissent is whether abilities are best conceptualized as manifestations of a single underlying general factor or as reflecting the combination of multiple traits that may be dissociable. The fact that diverse cognitive tests tend to be positively correlated has been taken as evidence for a single general ability or “g” factor. In the present study, simulations of test performance were run to evaluate the hypothesis that multiple independent abilities that affect test performance in a consistent manner will produce a positive manifold. Correlation matrices were simulated from models using either one or eight independent factors. The extent to which these factors operated in a consistent manner across tests (i.e., that a factor that facilitates performance on one test tends to facilitate performance on other tests) was manipulated by varying the mean value of the randomly selected weights. The tendency of both a single factor and eight independent factors to produce positive correlations increased as the randomly selected weights operated in a more consistent fashion. Thus the presence of a positive manifold in the correlations between diverse cognitive tests does not provide differential support for either single factor or multiple factor models of general abilities.
Space, atmospheric, and terrestrial radiation environments

The progress on developing models of the radiation environment since the 1960s is reviewed with emphasis on models that can be applied to predicting the performance of microelectronics used in spacecraft and instruments. Space, atmospheric, and ground environments are included. It is shown that models must be adapted continually to account for increased understanding of the dynamics of the radiation environment and the changes in microelectronics technology. The IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference is a vital forum to report model progress to the radiation effects research community.
Health Monitoring of an Auxiliary Power Unit Using a Classification Tree

The objective of this work is to present a method to monitor the health of Auxiliary Power Units (APU) using a Dynamic Computational Model, Gas Path Analysis and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). The main data used to train the CART consists of measurements of the exhaust gas temperature, the bleed pressure and the fuel flow. The proposed method was tested using actual APU data collected from a prototype aircraft. The method succeeded in classifying several relevant fault conditions. The few misclassification errors were found to be due to the insufficiency of the information content of the measurement data. *
Experimental Data Collection and Modeling for Nominal and Fault Conditions on Electro-Mechanical Actuators

Being relatively new to the field, electromechanical actuators in aerospace applications lack the knowledge base compared to ones accumulated for the other actuator types, especially when it comes to fault detection and characterization. Lack of health monitoring data from fielded systems and prohibitive costs of carrying out real flight tests push for the need of building system models and designing affordable but realistic experimental setups. This paper presents our approach to accomplish a comprehensive test environment equipped with fault injection and data collection capabilities. Efforts also include development of multiple models for EMA operations, both in nominal and fault conditions that can be used along with measurement data to generate effective diagnostic and prognostic estimates. A detailed description has been provided about how various failure modes are inserted in the test environment and corresponding data is collected to verify the physics based models under these failure modes that have been developed in parallel. A design of experiment study has been included to outline the details of experimental data collection. Furthermore, some ideas about how experimental results can be extended to real flight environments through actual flight tests and using real flight data have been presented. Finally, the roadmap leading from this effort towards developing successful prognostic algorithms for electromechanical actuators is discussed. *
On the unattainability of absolute zero temperature and the Nernst heat theorem

It is sometimes argued that the unattainability of zero temperature is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. Historically, the independence of the unattainability of zero temperature from the second law was proven more than 80 years ago, yet this assertion was repeated in the literature. This assertion naturally leads to a doubt that the unattainability of zero temperature is not equivalent to the Nernst heat theorem. The apparent contradiction between the Nernst heat theorem and residual entropy further complicates the problems of the third law. Totally, the validity of the third law seems to lose, giving an impression of somewhat ambiguous hypothesis to it. The author has recently settled the apparent contradiction between residual entropy and the Nernst heat theorem by refining the statement of the third law. Based on this refinement, two controversial problems, the independence of the unattainability of zero temperature from the second law and the equivalence of the unattainability with the Nernst heat theorem, have been solved.