Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Markov extensions and conditionally invariant measures for certain logistic maps with small holes

We study the family of quadratic maps fa(x) = 1 − ax2 on the interval [−1, 1] with 0 [nle ] a [nle ] 2. When small holes are introduced into the system, we prove the existence of an absolutely continuous conditionally invariant measure using the method of Markov extensions. The measure has a density which is bounded away from zero and is analogous to the density for the corresponding closed system. These results establish the exponential escape rate of Lebesgue measure from the system, despite the contraction in a neighborhood of the critical point of the map. We also prove convergence of the conditionally invariant measure to the SRB measure for fa as the size of the hole goes to zero.
Determining Atmospheric Conditions at the Terminator of the Hot Jupiter HD 209458b

We present a theoretical model fit to the HST STIS optical transit transmission spectrum of HD 209458b. In our fit, we use the sodium absorption line profile along with the Rayleigh scattering by H2 to help determine the average temperature-pressure profile at the planetary terminator and infer the abundances of atomic and molecular species. The observed sodium line profile spans an altitude range of ~3500 km, corresponding to pressures between ~0.001 and 50 mbar in our atmospheric models. We find that the sodium line profile requires either condensation into sodium sulfide or ionization, necessary to deplete atomic sodium only at high altitudes below pressures of ~3 mbar. The depletion of sodium is supported by an observed sudden abundance change, from 2 times solar abundance in the lower atmosphere to 0.2 solar or lower in the upper atmosphere. Our findings also indicate the presence of a hot atmosphere near stratospheric altitudes corresponding to pressures of 33 mbar, consistent with that of the observed dayside temperature inversion. In addition, we find that a separate higher altitude temperature rise is necessary within both the condensation and ionization models, corresponding to pressures below ~0.01 mbar. This hot higher altitude temperature indicates that absorption by atomic sodium can potentially probe the bottom of the thermosphere and is possibly sensitive to the temperature rise linked to atmospheric escape.
Functions of the subunits in the FlhD(2)C(2) transcriptional master regulator of bacterial flagellum biogenesis and swarming.

In enterobacteria like Salmonella, biogenesis of cell surface flagella needed for motility is dependent upon the master operon flhDC at the apex of the flagellar gene hierarchy. The operon products FlhD and FlhC act together in a FlhD(2)C(2 )heterotetramer to induce flagellar gene transcription, while FlhD also represses cell septation. The flhDC operon is pivotal to differentiation into elongated hyperflagellated swarm cells that undergo multicellular migration, most strikingly in Proteus. We set out to establish the mechanism of action of the FlhD(2)C(2) multimer. In Proteus swarm cell extracts, all the FlhC was assembled into the FlhD(2)C(2 )transcription activator, but FlhD additionally formed approximately equimolar amounts of a FlhD(2) homodimer. Both FlhD and FlhC subunits homodimerised in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that self-interactions stabilise the FlhD(2)C(2 )complex. The FlhC and FlhD subunit proteins were separately expressed and purified, and the FlhD(2)C(2)heterotetramer was reconstituted in vitro. Purified FlhC bound specifically and cooperatively to the promoter region of the flhDC-regulated flhB flagellar gene in the absence of FlhD. Purified FlhD was unable to bind this target DNA, but binding by the FlhD(2)C(2)complex was approximately tenfold greater than the FlhC subunit alone, suggesting that FlhD potentiated the FlhC/DNA interaction. In support of this possibility, pre-incubation of FlhC with FlhD reduced the apparent dissociation constant, K(D), for the FlhC/DNA complex from 100 nM to 13 nM. Furthermore, in competition assays, FlhD substantially increased the specificity of DNA recognition by FlhC, and also stabilised the resultant labile protein/DNA complex, prolonging its half-life from around two minutes to more than 40 minutes. FlhD(2)C(2)is therefore an atypical prokaryotic transcription activator in which interaction of the FlhC subunit with DNA target sequences is enhanced by the coexpressed helper subunit FlhD.
Temporally structured metapopulation dynamics and persistence of influenza A H3N2 virus in humans

Populations of seasonal influenza virus experience strong annual bottlenecks that pose a considerable extinction risk. It has been suggested that an influenza source population located in tropical Southeast or East Asia seeds annual temperate epidemics. Here we investigate the seasonal dynamics and migration patterns of influenza A H3N2 virus by analysis of virus samples obtained from 2003 to 2006 from Australia, Europe, Japan, New York, New Zealand, Southeast Asia, and newly sequenced viruses from Hong Kong. In contrast to annual temperate epidemics, relatively low levels of relative genetic diversity and no seasonal fluctuations characterized virus populations in tropical Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis using discrete temporal and spatial characters reveal high rates of viral migration between urban centers tested. Although the virus population that migrated between Southeast Asia and Hong Kong persisted through time, this was dependent on virus input from temperate regions and these tropical regions did not maintain a source for annual H3N2 influenza epidemics. We further show that multiple lineages may seed annual influenza epidemics, and that each region may function as a potential source population. We therefore propose that the global persistence of H3N2 influenza A virus is the result of a migrating metapopulation in which multiple different localities may seed seasonal epidemics in temperate regions in a given year. Such complex global migration dynamics may confound control efforts and contribute to the emergence and spread of antigenic variants and drug-resistant viruses.
Beyond topicality: Finding opinionated Chinese documents

The availability of Web 2.0 technologies has made it easy for information users to express their own opinions and access other people's opinions on the Web. We are interested in understanding how opinions expressed in one way by one group compare to opinions expressed in another way by another group, especially in a different language. We have done reasonably well at finding opinionated English mailing lists and blogs, so we started to work on Chinese opinion classification. This paper reports on experiments with a recently released opinion classification test collection for Chinese sentences. Term-scale evidence from a large lexicon and from character-based estimation of semantic orientation for unknown words was used to construct classifiers for subjectivity and polarity that are somewhat more accurate than the best previously reported results. Subjectivity density and the relative predominance of terms with positive and negative semantic orientation were found to be useful features, and appropriate handling of negation was found to be important. With bilingual opinion classification techniques, we can help users find and compare opinions about a topic in two languages.
Application of the DYPSA algorithm to segmented time scale modification of speech

This paper presents a method for speech time scale modification. Voiced speech is pseudo-periodic, allowing time scale modification by the repetition or removal of cycles as necessary. However, in the case of unvoiced speech and at the boundaries of voiced speech, no such periodicity exists so the speech should not be modified. To address this issue, the proposed approach is novel in its use of the DYPSA algorithm to derive speech periodicity from glottal closure instants (GCIs), followed by a Gaussian Mixture model-based voiced/unvoiced/silence (VUS) classifier. A listening test based on ITU-T P800 has been conducted and has shown that, by employing VUS detection, the average mean opinion score of the perceptual quality of processed speech exceeds that of a method without VUS detection by 0.61 over a range of modification factors. Results are presented as a function of modification factor for normal and fast original talking rate. Reliable time scale modification of high audio quality enables many applications, such as time scale compression for fast scanning of recorded voicemail messages, slowing talking rate for improved intelligibility in forensics and lip synchronization in motion video.
A Geometric Approach to Joint 2D Region-Based Segmentation and 3D Pose Estimation Using a 3D Shape Prior

In this work, we present an approach to jointly segment a rigid object in a two-dimensional (2D) image and estimate its three-dimensional (3D) pose, using the knowledge of a 3D model. We naturally couple the two processes together into a shape optimization problem and minimize a unique energy functional through a variational approach. Our methodology differs from the standard monocular 3D pose estimation algorithms since it does not rely on local image features. Instead, we use global image statistics to drive the pose estimation process. This confers a satisfying level of robustness to noise and initialization for our algorithm and bypasses the need to establish correspondences between image and object features. Moreover, our methodology possesses the typical qualities of region-based active contour techniques with shape priors, such as robustness to occlusions or missing information, without the need to evolve an infinite dimensional curve. Another novelty of the proposed contribution is to use a unique 3D model surface of the object, instead of learning a large collection of 2D shapes to accommodate the diverse aspects that a 3D object can take when imaged by a camera. Experimental results on both synthetic and real images are provided, which highlight the robust performance of the technique in challenging tracking and segmentation applications.
International Journal of Hospitality Management Crm and the Bottom Line: Do All Crm Dimensions Affect Firm Performance?

Successful firms often endeavour to assure competitive advantages through the relationships with their customers. Consequently, customer relationship management (CRM) has become of pivotal importance to many firms. This study investigates the effect of each CRM dimension on the performance of hotels. We found that in general hotels should aim to improve CRM capabilities because it has a positive effect on firm performance. Contrary to some previous assumptions, CRM investments did not result in positive performance. These findings are important as hotels strive to allocate resources to improve relationships with customers.
Title : Evolutionary assembly patterns of prokaryotic genomes 1 2

16. CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not. Abstract: 1 Evolutionary innovation must occur in the context of some genomic background, which limits 2 available evolutionary paths. For example, protein evolution by sequence substitution is 3 constrained by epistasis between residues. In prokaryotes, evolutionary innovation frequently 4 happens by macrogenomic events such as horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Previous work has 5 suggested that HGT can be influenced by ancestral genomic content, yet the extent of such gene-6 level constraints has not yet been systematically characterized. Here, we evaluated the 7 evolutionary impact of such constraints in prokaryotes, using probabilistic ancestral 8 reconstructions from 634 extant prokaryotic genomes and a novel framework for detecting 9 evolutionary constraints on HGT events. We identified 8,228 directional dependencies between 10 genes, and demonstrated that many such dependencies reflect known functional relationships, 11 including, for example, evolutionary dependencies of the photosynthetic enzyme RuBisCO. 12 Modeling all dependencies as a network, we adapted an approach from graph theory to establish 13 chronological precedence in the acquisition of different genomic functions. Specifically, we 14 demonstrated that specific functions tend to be gained sequentially, suggesting that evolution in 15 prokaryotes is governed by functional assembly patterns. Finally, we showed that these 16 dependencies are universal rather than clade-specific and are often sufficient for predicting 17 whether or not a given ancestral genome will acquire specific genes. Combined, our results 18 indicate that evolutionary innovation via HGT is profoundly constrained by epistasis and 19 historical contingency, similar to the evolution of proteins and phenotypic characters, and 20 suggest that the emergence of specific metabolic and pathological phenotypes in prokaryotes can 21 be predictable from current genomes. 22 23. CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not .
The Actin-Severing Protein Gelsolin Modulates Calcium Channel and NMDA Receptor Activities and Vulnerability to Excitotoxicity in Hippocampal Neurons

Calcium influx through NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) mediates an array of physiological processes in neurons and may also contribute to neuronal degeneration and death in neurodegenerative conditions such as stroke and severe epileptic seizures. Gelsolin is a Ca2+-activated actin-severing protein that is expressed in neurons, wherein it may mediate motility responses to Ca2+ influx. Primary hippocampal neurons cultured from mice lacking gelsolin exhibited decreased actin filament depolymerization and enhanced Ca2+ influx after exposure to glutamate. Whole-cell patch-clamp analyses showed that currents through NMDA receptors and VDCC were enhanced in hippocampal neurons lacking gelsolin, as a result of decreased current rundown; kainate-induced currents were similar in neurons containing and lacking gelsolin. Vulnerability of cultured hippocampal neurons to glutamate toxicity was greater in cells lacking gelsolin. Seizure-induced damage to hippocampal pyramidal neurons was exacerbated in adult gelsolin-deficient mice. These findings identify novel roles for gelsolin in controlling actin-mediated feedback regulation of Ca2+ influx and in neuronal injury responses. The data further suggest roles for gelsolin and the actin cytoskeleton in both physiological and pathophysiological events that involve activation of NMDA receptors and VDCC.
Our reality as emergent phenomenon

In this article, I propose new paradigm of physics. The paradigm leads to simple and unified picture of world. Such simplification and unification has cost of several key concepts of philosophy, including Being. I propose very radical hypothesis of emergent space-time-matter, in which space-time-matter are emergent properties of more fundamental entity. The hypothesis of emergent reality (ER- hypothesis later) shows how it is possible to find space-time-matter from a more fundamental, static field and space without time and matter. In the article, I show how it is possible to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity in one conceptual model, how to unify all existing forces. Changes in equations of general relativity are proposed in the article, same as changes to overall conceptual model of gravitation. New model of Big Bang is described and new cosmological model is proposed. New law for recession velocity was proposed, the hypothesis predicts what Hubble law is not applicable at large distance. ER-hypothesis predicts what Theory of Everything is non-gauge theory and cannot be based on space of states. The ER-hypothesis also describes possible parallel universes, propose way of theoretical finding of parallel universes, and way to calculate interactions between parallel universes. Theory of time is described in the article.
Foundations of Object Oriented Database Concepts

It is claimed that object oriented databases (OODBs) overcome many of the limitations of the relational model. However, the formal foundation of OODB concepts is still an open problem. Even worse, for relational databases a commonly accepted datamodel existed very early on whereas for OODBs the uni,cation of concepts is outstanding. Our research in Hamburg and Rostock is directed towards a formally founded object oriented datamodel (OODM) and to contribute to the development of a uniform mathematical theory of OODBs. This report contains the results of our first investigations on the OODM. A clear distinction between objects and values turns out to be essential in the OODM. Types and Classes are used to structure values and objects repectively. Then the problem of unique object identi,cation occurs. We show that this problem can be be solved for classes with extents that are completely representable by values. Such classes are called valuerepresentable. The finiteness of a database and the existence of finitely representable rational tree types are sufficient to decide value-representability. Another advantage of the relational approach is the existence of structurally determined canonical update operations. We show that this property can be carried over to object-oriented datamodels i, classes are value-representable. Moreover, in this case database consistency with respect to implicitly specified referential and inclusion constraints will be automatically preserved. This result can be generalized with respect to distinguished classes of explicitly stated static constraints. We show that integrity enforcement is always possible. Given some arbitrary method S and some static or transition constraint I there exists a greatest consistent specialization (GCS) SI of S with respect to I. Such a GCS behaves nice in that it is compatible with the conjunction of constraints, inheritance and refinement. For the GCS construction of a user-defined operation, however, it is in general not suffcient to replace the involved primitive update operations by their GCSs. From an engineering point of view an algorithm is required to generate these consistent operations. We address this construction problem by the specification of generators for them. These generators will be based on the possibility to represent syntactic components of the language as values within the language itself, which is known to form the basis of linguistic reflection. Moreover, the generators involve a single generic proof of correctness hence relieve the user of the burden to write basic update operations and to assure their consistency.
AFDELING FOR VIRKSOMHEDSLEDELSE UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS C DENMARK

Internet banking has now become such a well-established fact in the most developed countries that it is possible to map its actual role in customer relations. Based on a recent empirical study in the banking industry in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden this paper traces important antecedents of Internet-banking adoption and analyses its impact on relationship-marketing performance. Based on structural equation modeling, the findings offer some support to the view that the more advanced Internet applications adopted and the more attractive the website the more the banks are able to keep profitable customers. However, the results question whether it pays to be a first-mover and organizational factors related to market orientation and customer relationship management seem to have a much stronger impact on customer-related performance.
A Combined Hardware-Software Architecture for Network Flow

It is increasingly difficult for network devices to keep pace with rapid developments in network data rate speeds. Many such devices are unable to match the OC192 link speed. This paper describes the use of a combined hardware-software system as an application-specific solution to this problem. Our approach maps the performancecritical tasks of packet classification and flow monitoring from software into hardware using a field programmable gate array (FPGA), such that operations can run in parallel where desirable. A feature of our architecture is its capability to process multiple flows in parallel. We explore the scalability of our system showing that it can support flows at multi-gigabit rate, which is faster than most software-based systems where acceptable data rates are typically no more than 100 Mbps.
Comparison and performance analysis of AntNet and distance vector routing protocol in telecommunication networks Case study : XYZ company

In this paper, we learn and adapt ant colony algorithm to know about the quality of services of routing protocol in broadband backbone infrastructure of XYZ Company. The objective of this research is XYZ Company need a basic research reference to realize broadband services such as Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) and digital television with the existing network infrastructure. In other words, company should not buy and build a new infrastructure to apply a new service. In that way the budget to buy new expensive devices could be allocated to another aspect. We perform our work by using simulation NS-2. In our method, we assume that all nodes are a router. We show through our deep experiments based on real network topology and also we compare AntNet routing protocol with distance vector routing protocol to learn their behavior and performance. The simulation result shows that AntNet routing protocol is better than distance vector in term of packet delivery ratio for larger packet size. However, in term of routing overhead and delay, AntNet produces higher header packet than distance vector routing protocol.
GIVE-N-TAKE—a balanced code placement framework

GIVE-N-TAKE is a code placement framework which uses a general producer-consumer concept. An advantage of GIVE-N-TAKE over existing partial redundancy elimination techniques is its concept of production regions, instead of single locations, which can be beneficial for general latency hiding. GIVE-N-TAKE guaranteed balanced production, that is, each production will be started and stopped once. The framework can also take advantage of production coming “for free,” as induced by side effects, without disturbing balance. GIVE-N-TAKE can place production either before or after consumption, and it also provides the option to hoist code out of potentially zero-trip loop (nest) constructs. GIVE-N-TAKE uses a fast elimination method based on Tarjan intervals, with a complexity linear in the program size in most cases. We have implemented GIVE-N-TAKE as part of a Fortran D compiler prototype, where it solves various communication generation problems associated with compiling data-parallel languages onto distributed-memory architectures.
Notice of RetractionA sub-health risk appraisal model based on decision tree and rough sets

There are some problems in people's sub-health risk appraisal using current technology, for example, incomplete data, bias in the diagnosis and can not effectively predict participant's the future health state. This paper presents a sub-health risk appraisal method based on data mining technique to resolve these issues. By introduction the rough sets preprocessing risk appraisal noise data, extraction of information entropy in the training set, combined with C4.5 decision tree algorithm, it established the sub-health risk appraisal prediction model. Experimental results confirm that this model than the normal method of decision tree model has higher prediction accuracy of sub-health state.