Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extratropical Transition Of Tropical Cyclones InThe North Atlantic

Apart from a few early case studies that documented tropical cyclones (TCs) that tracked into the extratropics, it was generally accepted through the 1970s that TCs would decay as they moved out of the tropics. This preconception was challenged in the 1980s. Over the past two decades, a flurry of research on these extratropically transitioning TCs has revealed much about their behavior. Here, we discuss extratropically transitioning TCs, beginning from their tropical formation, the conditions under which they evolve, and their spatial and temporal distributions. Case studies are presented and potential indicators of transition, of use to the forecast community, are introduced. Case studies demonstrate the need for research into the interactions between the evolving TC and an approaching higher latitude trough. Constructive interactions between these systems, when accompanied by a supportive remnant tropical environment, will lead to transition and possibly reintensification of the storm as an extratropical system. Key results include a late season maximum in the percentage of storms that undergo transition. This late season peak is related to the need for synoptic support for tropical development to intensify cyclones prior to transition, followed almost immediately by a strong baroclinic synoptic energy source as transition occurs. Recognition of key structural changes as the storm transitions has led to the development of a number of indicators of transition currently being tested by the forecast community.
Does Halal Tourism Matter? A Study About Implementation of Sharia-based Hotel in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Background. Halal tourism is a significant concern in Indonesia, where most people are Muslim. One of the halal tourism industry sectors that has emerged in society is the existence of Sharia-based hotels. Sharia hotels are hotels whose management is in accordance with Sharia principles. However, only a few hotels in Bandung use Sharia principles because there are no standard regulations for halal tourism. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to understand the juridical regulations regarding the sharia-principle hotel industry and to understand the level of public awareness and compliance in utilizing services in the Sharia hotel industry in the city of Bandung. The research methodology used is normative juridical, using empirical juridical research of a qualitative nature, using empirical normative legal research methods. The Sharia hotel industry is still implementing the Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy Regulation No. 2 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Sharia Hotel Business; there is a legal vacuum here because juridically, the rules and regulations regarding Sharia hotels have not been made or do not yet exist. Conclusions is the hotel with a Sharia concept is a good intention from the stakeholders of the Sharia economy. In Bandung, there are several Sharia hotels that have not been certified but have implemented Sharia principles in their management, so these hotels have carried out independent assessments, so they are permissible as long as they do not conflict with Islamic values as empirical evidence of the theory of legal personality
Geographic Adaptive Fidelity and Geographic Energy Aware Routing in Ad Hoc Routing

Location based routing protocols are the kinds of routing protocols, which use of nodes' location information, instead of links' information for routing. They are also known as position based routing. In position based routing protocols, it is supposed that the packet source node has position information of itself and its neighbors and packet destination node. In recent years, many location based routing protocols have been developed for ad hoc and sensor networks. In this paper we shall present the concept of location-based routing protocol, its advantages and disadvantages. We shall also look into two popular location-based protocols: Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) and Geographic and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR).
A Random-Effects Pattern-Mixture Model with Application to Comorbidity

This study aims to better understand the contribution of potential non-ignorable nonresponse associated with attrition and wave-nonresponse in race/ethnicity disparities in health trajectories. The empirical work of this study is based on the 1992-2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Both growth curve models (direct likelihood maximization and pattern mixture) have very similar results, but the standard errors tended to be slightly underestimated in the former. Results from the growth curve models suggest that with age, racial/ethnic disparities in health decrease for low educated individuals, persist for those with at least a high school education and for Hispanic elderly with a highs school or GED education, and increase among the lower educated. The study concludes that any possible non-ignorable differences between models are not large enough to affect inferences drawn from the data analysis.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE An Examination of the AGCM Simulated Surface Wind Stress and Low-Level Winds over the Tropical Pacific Ocean

The monthly mean surface wind stress and winds in the lower troposphere for 1986-92 simulated by the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced with ob- served sea surface temperature (SST) is compared with observations. It is found that the AGCM surface stress has weak equatorial easterlies during boreal spring and weak El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals over the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, the AGCM winds at 850 mb are found to be in much better agreement with the observations. An empirical scheme is developed to reconstruct the AGCM surface wind stress, based on the AGCM winds from 850 mb. The reconstructed wind stress is more consistent with observations for both annual and interannual variability. A series of numerical experiments are conducted using the observed, AGCM, and reconstructed surface stress to force an ocean general circulation model. The results demonstrate that the low-frequency ENSO signals are significantly improved in the OGCM when the reconstructed dataset replaces the original AGCM stress. Improvements are evident in more realistic SST anomalies and variability of the thermocline depth.
How to start strategic renewal and entrepreneurial initiatives in SME: A case study on management routines

Strategic renewal and the development of new types of innovation pose special challenges to established small and medium-sized companies. The paper at hand aims at answering the questions what the underlying mechanism of these challenges are and which approaches might help to properly counteracting them. This case study investigates the strategic renewal process and its corresponding interventions in a high-tech SME company during a four-year period. We analyse the findings in relation to existing frameworks for dynamic capabilities and strategic learning and provide new recommendations for practice and future research.
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among HIV-positive adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Purpose: Although long-term viral suppression and antiretroviral therapy (ART) success depend on sustained adherence, adolescents’ adherence rates are suboptimal. Optimal adherence is influenced by various factors. Since Sub-Saharan Africa is home to over 80% of adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and considering their unique characteristics and susceptibility to poor adherence, it is crucial to provide updated knowledge on adherence rates and their determinants among this population. This review aims to present up-to-date data on adherence rates and associated factors among HIV-positive adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed and Scopus databases were used to identify documents corresponding to the study's objectives. Eleven studies were included in this review after being selected from among all studies that were found online from 2017 to 2023. Results: The reported adherence rates ranged from 55% to 86%. In total, 32 factors were found to be related to adherence among HIV-positive adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. These included 12 adherence-facilitating factors and 20 adherence-inhibiting factors. The most often mentioned factors affecting adherence were advanced World Health Organization clinical stage (i.e., stage IV), ART dose and regimens, a lack of support, and violence victimization. Conclusion: Our findings can help healthcare providers collaborate with HIV-positive adolescents to improve ART adherence and ensure the best possible health outcomes.
VIST5: An Adaptive, Retrieval-Augmented Language Model for Visualization-oriented Dialog

The advent of large language models has brought about new ways of interacting with data intuitively via natural language. In recent years, a variety of visualization systems have explored the use of natural language to create and modify visualizations through visualization-oriented dialog. However, the majority of these systems rely on tailored dialog agents to analyze domain-specific data and operate domain-specific visualization tools and libraries. This is a major challenge when trying to transfer functionalities between dialog interfaces of different visualization applications. To address this issue, we propose VIST5, a visualization-oriented dialog system that focuses on easy adaptability to an application domain as well as easy transferability of language-controllable visualization library functions be-tween applications. Its architecture is based on a retrieval-augmented T5 language model that leverages few-shot learning capabilities to enable a rapid adaptation of the system.
Sensitivity analysis of agrochemical energy inputs and their environmental impacts in rapeseed production

Agrochemicals, especially fertilizers, are the key energetic inputs in rapeseed production in Iran. In this study the relationship between agrochemicals energy inputs and rapeseed yield was investigated and the sensitivity of energy inputs on output level was analyzed using the Marginal Physical Productivity (MPP) method and partial regression coefficients of the Cobb-Douglas production function. Also, the environmental impacts of usage agrochemical energy inputs had investigated. Data were collected from 130 randomly selected rapeseed farms in Golestan province of Iran. The results of regression model estimation showed that nitrogen, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides energy inputs had the significant impacts on yield; while the impacts of phosphate, potassium and sulfur were not significant. Moreover, the herbicides, insecticides and potassium energy inputs were negatively contributed to yield; indicating that rapeseed producers have applied an excess use of these inputs, resulting in an inverse effect on yield as well as imposing risks to natural resources and environmental health. The study showed that, optimal fertilizer and chemical energy use by growing leguminous pastures or dray-land crops in rotation with rapeseed and employing integrated pest management can maximize yield and help to reduce the environmental footprints of food production.
A Web Service based Architecture for Ubiquitous Computing Applications

UBIQUITOUS Computing – the third paradigm of computing introduces the age of calm technology. It provides an attractive vision for the future of computing. Ubiquitous computing applications must deliver functionality in our everydayworld. But, they should be different from normal applications, as, service composition, description and discovery, inter-operability, adaptability, security impose greater challenge on ubiquitous computing applications. Conventional middleware systems like CORBA, DCOM,MOMand RMI have been used to address the challenges imposed by pervasive computing environments. All these systems have given rise to a wide variety of architectures. But, all the efforts have been independent and the architectures are not scalable and inter-operable. Web services have been used in the past for B2B integration and inter or intra enterprise communication. In this thesis, we have presented a new Web Service based architecture for ubiquitous computing applications. We have extended the concept of Web Service to create another layer of abstraction over the different existing architectures and expose their functionalities as services. The architecture easily solves the interoperability and adaptability problem between different ubiquitous computing architectures and provides standard protocols for communication and service composition, description and discovery purpose. The complexity of designing and implementing ubiquitous computing applications can be made easy with the proposed Web Service based architecture. Also existing conventional middleware based ubiquitous computing applications can be adopted to use this architecture. In terms of interoperability, scalability, robustness and security the Web service based architecture seems to be perfect for ubiquitous computing applications.
The pursuit of happiness: the power and influence of AI teammate emotion in human-AI teamwork

As the world evolves, human-AI teams (HAT) have become increasingly more capable in their ability to complete task objectives. Due to this rising importance, it has become essential to understand the interpersonal dynamism between humans and AI to further optimise their performance potential. Given the demonstrated utility of emotional communication within human-human team structures, this research investigates the nature of AI-sourced positive emotions on human teammates. Through 47 interviews, our ﬁ ndings show that for these AI teammates to be accepted, human teammates have preferences on understanding the emotional utility prior to its presentation, as well as which emotions are situationally acceptable. Also, ﬁ ndings show that integrating emotions within AI teammates has a positive in ﬂ uence on human perceptions and behaviour in a task. In further detail, emotions act as status updates that allow human teammates to not only better understand their teammates ’ mental states but also understand how their AI teammates perceive the situation around them. Together, this gives insight into how AI emotional expressions in ﬂ uence the perception of social support on the wider Human-AI team. Mainly how emotions can be used to increase acceptance of AI teammates and improve the overall experience human teammates have within the task.
Acoustoelasticity of solid/fluid composite systems

SUMMARY A heterogeneous medium composed of inviscid fluid and solid constituents is pre-stressed, resulting in relative slip of material particles at the interfaces between the solid and the fluid. The standard theory of acoustoelasticity, which is concerned with small deformation superimposed upon large initial strain, is generalized here to include the effects of the interfacial slip. Difficulties arise from the possibility that the traction, viewed as a function of either the undeformed material (Lagrangian) coordinates or of the intermediate coordinates, is not necessarily continuous across the interface. It is shown that the problem is most easily considered in the intermediate coordinates, leading to a divergence formulation of the equations of small motion from which the interface conditions arise naturally. The theory is demonstrated for the problem of a fluid-filled borehole with a pressurized fluid and pre-strained solid. An explicit expression is found for the change in the speed of the tube wave, which is the quasi-static limit of the Stoneley wave mode.
Determination of the crustal structure in southern Tibet by dispersion and amplitude analysis of Rayleigh waves

Summary Surface waves recorded by the nine broad-band stations of the INDEPTH II experiment are analysed to study the crustal structure of southern Tibet. Their frequency range is between approximately 0.015 and 0.050 Hz (i.e. between 20 and 60 s period). Phase velocity dispersion curves are calculated for the regions north and south of the Tsangpo suture, using Wiener filtering of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves incident upon the array with different backazimuths. The two dispersion curves are inverted to obtain the S-wave crustal models north and south of the suture. They show that a low-velocity layer is present in the lower crust north but not south of the Tsangpo suture. To confirm these findings, variations in the amplitudes of the Rayleigh waves across the suture are interpreted by numerical simulation. The strong amplitude variations at a 30 s period are reproduced using a model with a low-velocity layer in the lower crust north of the suture, a normal high-velocity layer to the south, and a sharp transition between these layers.
Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling

Fire is an important pathway for carbon (C) loss from boreal forest ecosystems and has a strong effect on ecosystem C balance. Fires can range widely in severity, defined as the amount of vegetation and forest floor consumed by fire, depending on local fuel and climatic conditions. Here we explore a novel method for estimating fire severity and loss of C from fire using the atmosphere to integrate ecosystem heterogeneity at the watershed scale. We measured the δ13C and Δ14C isotopic values of CO2 emitted from an experimental forest fire at the Caribou‐Poker Creek Research Watershed (CPCRW), near Fairbanks, Alaska. We used inverse modeling combined with dual isotope measurements of C contained in aboveground black spruce biomass and soil organic horizons to estimate the amount of C released by this fire. The experimental burn was a medium to severe intensity fire that released, on average, about 2.5 kg Cm−2, more than half of the C contained in vegetation and soil organic horizon pools. For vegetation, the model predicted that approximately 70–75% of pools such as needles, fine branches, and bark were consumed by fire, whereas only 20–30% of pools such as coarse branches and cones were consumed. The fire was predicted to have almost completely consumed surface soil organic horizons and burned about half of the deepest humic horizon. The ability to estimate the amount of biomass combusted and C emission from fires at the watershed scale provides an extensive approach that can complement more limited intensive ground‐based measurements.
An astronomically calibrated age model for Pliocene site 1085

An astronomically calibrated age model for the Pliocene section of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 175 Cape Basin Site 1085 based on magnetic susceptibility data was developed using shipboard biostratigraphic datums. The composite core magnetic susceptibility record was compiled using shipboard correlations between Holes 1085A and 1085B and then tuned to the record of orbital variations in eccentricity to generate an orbitally tuned age model. Magnetic susceptibility apparently records climate variations in the Cape Basin. Strong power spectra values at the 100and 400-k.y. frequency suggest an orbital control on the beat of Pliocene climate change in the Cape Basin. INTRODUCTION Shipboard studies suggest Pliocene sedimentation in the Cape Basin is approximately continuous at Site 1085 (Wefer, Berger, Richter, et al., 1998), so an orbitally tuned age model was developed to constrain the timing of the geochemical and lithologic changes in the Cape Basin using core and well log data. Geochemical and lithologic variations (Ellershaw et al., in press, this volume; Christensen et al., 1999; Kalbas et al., 1999; Wefer, Berger, and Richter, et al., 1998) suggest that the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation had a significant impact on the oceanography of the Cape Basin (Fig. F1). A high-resolution age model is necessary to identify the response of the Cape Basin to Northern Hemi5° S
Analysis of crowd movements and densities in built-up environments using image processing

Real-time monitoring of site usage in public areas subject to major crowd movements relies on human observers with limited attention span and varying reliability. It is essential to investigate techniques to acquire crowd data and features automatically first, as part of the data gathering process, to develop realistic models for planning and designing pedestrian facilities in urban areas and, secondly, as online systems to detect problems in crowd movement before or shortly after they occur, using existing CCTV systems wherever possible. Such studies could lead to improved site designs, management procedures, public safety and reduced operating costs. Image processing techniques applicable to the measurement of density and motion in crowded scenes have therefore been presented. These give results comparable to human observers with potential for real-time implementation. Detailed studies of site usage and real-time operation then become feasible. >
SOME ASPECTS OF THE ONSET OF THE SUMMER MONSOON OVER SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Abstract : The following aspects of the onset of the monsoon over Southeast Asia have been investigated: (1) definition of the onset of the summer monsoon and determination of calendar dates of onsets; (2) role of tropical cyclones during the onset of the summer monsoon; (3) seasonal changes in the upper air circulation over Asia during onsets, and possible differences between late and early onset years; and (4) influence of seasonal heating and changes in the thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere during onsets. The onset of the summer monsoon over Southeast Asia was defined by an abrupt fracture of the equatorial shearline at 10,000 feet, which allows equatorial (monsoon) westerlies to penetrate northward into southern China. The 29-year mean calendar date of this seasonal event was generally established at 17 May with a range of 33 days. Differential heating of land and ocean areas and tropical cyclogenesis in the Bay of Bengal are the principal starting mechanisms of the summer monsoon; however, certain extratropical circulation features are contributing factors. Tropical cyclones, through converting latent heat to sensible heat and potential energy, may at times modify the tropospheric environment producing favorable thermal and dynamic conditions for the establishment of the summer monsoon circulation over Southeast Asia.
Modelling of dispersive and non-dispersive effects on network-based positioning

The concept of network-based positioning has been extensively developed in order to better model the distance-dependent errors contained within the GPS carrier-phase measurements. These errors can be separated into a frequency-dependent or dispersive term (e.g. the ionospheric delay) and a non-dispersive term such as the tropospheric delay and orbit biases. Dispersive and non-dispersive errors have different dynamic effects on the linearity of the network correction. Dispersive errors change rapidly and have strong variations, therefore the network correction has to be generated as frequently as possible (typically epoch-by-epoch) to mitigate their effect. On the other hand, non-dispersive errors change smoothly over time, and a similar attempt to model these errors will have a tendency of increasing the residuals. For this reason it is suggested that the non-dispersive term should not be modelled on an epoch-by-epoch basis. In this study, a simple running average is proposed to provide a stable network correction for the non-dispersive term. It is found that the correction can be used to obtain better ionosphere-free measurements, and therefore helpful in resolving the integer ambiguity of the original GPS carrier-phase measurements. Once the integer ambiguities have been resolved, dispersive and non-dispersive corrections can be applied to the fixed carrier-phase measurements for the positioning process to improve the accuracy of the estimated coordinates.