Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communication by Children and Adults: Social Cognitive and Strategic Processes. Sage Series in Interpersonal Communication, Volume 5.

Understanding Interpersonal Communication - James L Applegate and Howard E Sypher Integrating Research Trends PART ONE: DEVELOPMENTS IN CHILDHOOD: PROSOCIAL PROCESSES The Development of Children's Prosocial Cognitions - Nancy Eisenberg and Rainer Silbereisen Research, Theory, and New Perspectives Perspective-Taking and Empathy in the Child's Prosocial Behavior - Mark A Barnett Comforting Communication - Brant R Burleson PART TWO: DEVELOPMENTS IN CHILDHOOD: INFLUENCE PROCESSES Verbal Social Reasoning and Observed Persuasion Strategies - David Forbes and David Lubin Children's Conversations Within a Conflict-of-Interest Situation - Sherri Oden, Valerie A Wheeler and Sharon D Herzberger Communicative Skills and Sociability - Kenneth H Rubin and Diane Borwick PART THREE: SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND STRATEGIC PROCESSES IN ADULTS: THE ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNICATION Individual Differences in Communication - C Douglas McCann and E Tory Higgins Social Cognitive Determinants and Consequences Analyzing Conversations - Thomas J Housel Context, Content, Inference, and Structure Some Functions of Feedback in Conversation - Robert Kraut and Steven H Lewis PART FOUR: SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND STRATEGIC PROCESSES IN ADULTS: THE NEGOTIATION OF RELATIONSHIPS The Evolution of Impressions in Small Working Groups - Barbara J O'Keefe Effects of Construct Differentiation Relationship Growth and Decline - Steve Duck, Dorothy E Miell and David K Miell Afterword Recent Developments in Social Cognition and Interpersonal Behavior - Jesse G Delia A Consolidation and Extension
Can you see me now?

We present a study of a mobile mixed reality game called Can You See Me Now? in which online players are chased through a virtual model of a city by ‘runners’ (professional performers equipped with GPS and WiFi technologies) who have to run through the actual city streets in order to catch the players. We present an ethnographic study of the game as it toured through two different cities and draws upon video recordings of online players, runners, technical support crew, and also on system logs of text communication. Our study reveals the diverse ways in which online players experienced the uncertainties inherent in GPS and WiFi, including being mostly unaware of them, but sometimes seeing them as problems, or treating the as a designed feature of the game, and even occasionally exploiting them within gameplay. In contrast, the runners and technical crew were fully aware of these uncertainties and continually battled against them through an ongoing and distributed process of orchestration. As a result, we encourage designers to deal with such uncertainties as a fundamental characteristic of location-based experiences rather than treating them as exceptions or bugs that might be ironed out in the future. We argue that designers should explicitly consider four potential states of being of a mobile participant: connected and tracked, connected but not tracked, tracked but not connected, and neither connected nor tracked. We then introduce five strategies that might be used to deal with uncertainty in these different states for different kinds of participant: remove it, hide it, manage it, reveal it, and exploit it. Finally, we present proposals for new orchestration interfaces that reveal the ‘seams’ in the underlying technical infrastructure by visualizing the recent performance of GPS and WiFi and predicting the likely future performance of GPS.
A Novel Algorithm for Image Copy-move Forgery Detection and Localization based on SVD and Projection Data

With the widespread use of powerful image editing tools, the demand for identifying the authenticity of an image is much increased. Copy-move forgery is one of the most common and immediate tampering attacks, and is one type of image forgery where one region of an image is copied to another region in an attempt to cover some potentially important features. In this paper a Novel approach is presented for image copy-move forgery detection and localization based on SVD and Projection Data. Experiment results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can effectively detect multiple copy-move forgery and precisely locate the duplicated regions, even when an image was distorted by Gaussian blurring,JPEG compression and their mixed operations.
Up-regulated FHL1 Expression Maybe Involved in the Prognosis of Hirschsprung's Disease

Background: In a subset of patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), gastrointestinal motor dysfunction persisted long after surgical correction. Gastrointestinal motility is achieved through the coordinated activity of the enteric nervous system, interstitial cells of Cajal, and smooth muscle (SMC) cells. Inhibition of four-and-a-half LIM protein-1 (Fhl1) expression by siRNA significantly decreases pulmonary artery SMCs migration and proliferation. Furthermore when up-expressing FHL1 in atrial myocytes, K (+) current density markedly increases, therefore changing myocytes' response to an electrical stimulus. However whether FHL1 in colon SMCs (the final effector organ) influences intestinal motility in HSCR patients has not been clarified. Methods: FHL1 mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed in 32 HSCR colons and 4 normal colons. Results: Smooth muscle layers were thicken and disorganized in HSCR. FHL1 was expressed in the ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus, submucosa, as well as in the longitudinal and circular muscle layer of the ganglionic colon. FHL1 mRNA relative expression level in aganglionic colons was 1.06±0.49 (ganglionic colon relative expression level was 1) (P=0.44). FHL1 protein gray level relative to GAPDH in normal colons was 0.83±0.09. FHL1 expression level in ganglionic colon (1.66±0.30) or aganglionic colon (1.81±0.35) was significantly higher than that in normal colons (P=0.045 and P=0.041, respectively). Meanwhile, we found FHL1 expression in aganglionic colon was slightly stronger than that in ganglionic colon (P=0.036). Conclusion: These data suggested that up-regulated FHL1 in smooth muscle in HSCR might be associated with intestinal wall remodeling in HSCR and might be one of the risk factors for gastrointestinal motor dysfunction.
Surgeon Dependent Variation in Adenotonsillectomy Costs in Children

Objectives To (1) identify the major expenses for same-day adenotonsillectomy (T&A) and the costs for postoperative complication encounters in a children’s hospital and (2) compare differences for variations in costs by surgeon. Study Design Observational cohort study. Setting Tertiary children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods A standardized activity-based hospital accounting system was used to determine total hospital costs per encounter (not including professional fees for surgeons or anesthetists) for T&A cases at a tertiary children’s hospital from 2007 to 2012. Hospital costs were subdivided into categories, including operating room (OR), OR supplies, postanesthesia care unit (PACU), same-day services (SDS), anesthesia, pharmacy, and other. Costs for postoperative complication encounters were included to identify a mean total cost per case per surgeon. Results The study cohort included 4824 T&As performed by 14 different surgeons. The mean cost per T&A was $1506 (95% confidence interval, $1492-$1519, with a range of $1156-$1828 for the lowest and highest cost per case per surgeon; P < .01). Including the cost for postoperative complications, the mean cost increased to $1599 ($1570-$1629). The largest cost categories included OR (31.9%), SDS (28.1%), and OR supplies (15.6%). Conclusion A large portion of T&A expenses are due to OR and supply costs. Significant differences in costs between surgeons for outpatient T&A were identified. Studies to understand the reasons for this variation and the impact on outcomes are needed. If this variation does not affect patient outcomes, then reducing this variation may improve health care value by limiting waste.
Structural changes of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease as revealed by MR imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The possibility of using MR imaging as a sensitive marker of the structural changes in Parkinson's disease has been a long-sought goal. We describe a new method for imaging and quantifying the morphologic changes of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease and compare radiologic findings with clinical evaluation. METHODS Using a combination of two MR imaging inversion-recovery pulse sequences, the substantia nigra was imaged in six patients with Parkinson's disease and six age-related control participants. A radiologic index was defined and used to quantify the signal changes that were observed in the patients. The radiologic index was compared with clinical scores obtained from the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. RESULTS The images showed loss of signal in a lateral-to-medial gradient in cases of Parkinson's disease, corresponding to the known neuropathologic pattern of degeneration. The radiologic index was highly correlated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score, and there was no overlap in radiologic indices between the patient and the control groups (P < .00005). CONCLUSION This study suggests that MR imaging is sensitive to structural changes in even the earliest cases of Parkinson's disease, thereby indicating the potential for detecting presymptomatic disease. Furthermore, a radiologic measure has been defined that correlates with the conventional clinical measure of disease severity. Therefore, MR imaging could prove to be a sensitive biological marker for objective staging of the disease.
Parallel Image Matrix Compression for Face Recognition

The canonical face recognition algorithm Eigenface and Fisherface are both based on one dimensional vector representation. However, with the high feature dimensions and the small training data, face recognition often suffers from the curse of dimension and the small sample problem. Recent research [4] shows that face recognition based on direct 2D matrix representation, i.e. 2DPCA, obtains better performance than that based on traditional vector representation. However, there are three questions left unresolved in the 2DPCA algorithm: I ) what is the meaning of the eigenvalue and eigenvector of the covariance matrix in 2DPCA; 2) why 2DPCA can outperform Eigenface; and 3) how to reduce the dimension after 2DPCA directly. In this paper, we analyze 2DPCA in a different view and proof that is 2DPCA actually a "localized" PCA with each row vector of an image as object. With this explanation, we discover the intrinsic reason that 2DPCA can outperform Eigenface is because fewer feature dimensions and more samples are used in 2DPCA when compared with Eigenface. To further reduce the dimension after 2DPCA, a two-stage strategy, namely parallel image matrix compression (PIMC), is proposed to compress the image matrix redundancy, which exists among row vectors and column vectors. The exhaustive experiment results demonstrate that PIMC is superior to 2DPCA and Eigenface, and PIMC+LDA outperforms 2DPC+LDA and Fisherface.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal syndromes

Abstract A syndrome is a pattern of multiple anomalies arising due to a single known causative factor. Ultrasonography has enabled us to recognize many fetal anomalies and dysmorphic features. Recognition of the anomaly pattern leads to the diagnosis of a particular syndrome. This enables us to counsel prospective parents and aids in management. We present a selection of fetal syndromes in the form of a pictorial essay.
Comments on Point:Counterpoint: Sympathetic activity does/does not influence cerebral blood flow.

TO THE EDITOR: The debate whether sympathetic nerves influence cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been raging for over a century as summarized 30 years ago (1, 3). By then it was clear that there are prominent species differences in the response of the cerebral circulation to vasomotor nerves; sympathetic activity plays a greater role in regulating CBF in primates than rodents or cats. For humans, our early work showed that orthostatic stress (which reduces cardiac output and increases sympathetic activity) causes cerebral vasoconstriction, but only when the orthostatic stress is strong, and much less than the systemic circulation (2). Importantly, the autonomic contribution to CBF regulation depends critically on the rate of change of blood pressure. That is, autonomic effects are most prominent for dynamic autoregulation when blood pressure and CBF change over 10 –30 s and less so for steady-state autoregulation, which may be dominated by vasomotor escape (8). Thus, after ganglionic blockade, dynamic autoregulation was lost (6, 8). Finally, as noted by both camps of this Point:Counterpoint (4, 5), we were surprised that ganglionic blockade did not prevent the reduction in CBF during orthostasis (7). However we would suggest that this result be interpreted cautiously. Although autonomic neural responses are not obligatory for the regulation of CBF during orthostasis (which may be quite different than mechanisms of metabolic CBF regulation), there likely is sufficient redundancy in circulatory control that more than one pathway or mechanism is operative. Certainly recent failed attempts to define a single mediator of exercise hyperemia have taught this lesson clearly.
An information theoretic analysis on indoor PLC channel characterizations

Power-Line is recently considered as a future medium for the high rate transmissions. But the development of Power Line Communications (PLC) highly depends on the knowledge of the channel characterizations. For this reason, a large number of attentions have been payed on the PLC channel analysis using the measurements. This paper highlights an information theoretic analysis for indoor PLC channel environment investigation, wherein, the estimated channel entropy and the power delay spectrum are expected to give us much useful information to describe the indoor PLC channels. Moreover, the study on the PLC channel degree of freedom distribution and the discussion of choosing whether wide-band or multi-band are included in this paper
E cient Parallel Algorithms for Two Graph Layout Problems

We present e cient parallel algorithms for solving two graph layout problems: Find a F ary Embedding on a grid and construct a rectangular dual for planar graphs. The algorithm for the rst problem takes O(logn log n) time with O(n) processors on a PRAM. The algorithm for the second problem takes O(log 2 n) time with O(n) processors.
The use of technology in Suicide Prevention

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally, and is notably a significant cause of death amongst young people. A suicide outcome is a complex combination of personal, social, and health factors, and therefore suicide prevention is a challenge, requiring a systems approach incorporating public health strategies, screening at-risk individuals, targeted interventions, and follow-up for suicide survivors and those bereaved by suicide. Engineering practice has been implicated in the hindrance of the adoption of suicide prevention strategies, such as installing safety barriers at the Golden Gate Bridge, however technological developments offer new opportunities in suicide prevention, and the potential to reduce the number of deaths by suicide. We present an overview of current technological developments which are facilitating research in the field of suicide prevention, including multiple modes of screening such as network analysis of mobile-phone collected connectivity data, automatic detection of suicidality from social media content, and crisis detection from acoustic variability in speech patterns. The current field of mhealth apps for suicide prevention is assessed, and an innovative app for an Indigenous population is presented. From this overview, future challenges - technical and ethical - are discussed.
Synthesis Of Compositional Microprogram Control Units With Sharing Codes And Address Decoder

The method of synthesis of compositional microprogram control units with sharing codes and address decoder is proposed. In comparison with traditional way of synthesis of control units with sharing codes, there is additional block (address decoder) implemented. Thanks to it proposed method permits to use the principle of sharing codes under any characteristics of operational linear chains of initial flow-chart
The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding

At a time when lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals—often referred to under the umbrella acronym LGBT—are becoming more visible in society and more socially acknowledged, clinicians and researchers are faced with incomplete information about their health status. While LGBT populations often are combined as a single entity for research and advocacy purposes, each is a distinct population group with its own specific health needs. Furthermore, the experiences of LGBT individuals are not uniform and are shaped by factors of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, geographical location, and age, any of which can have an effect on health-related concerns and needs. While some research about the health of LGBT populations has been conducted, researchers still have a great deal to learn. To help assess the state of the science, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to assess current knowledge of the health status of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations; to identify research gaps and opportunities; and to outline a research agenda to help NIH focus its research in this area. A committee of experts was convened by the IOM to consider this task, and its findings are presented in its report, The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding.
Frequency-response characteristics of vascular resistance vessels.

ROSENBAUM, ‘MAURICE, AND DAVID RACE. Frequency-response characteristics of nascdar resistance vessek Am. J. Physiol. 215(6) : 1397-1402. 1968. -The dynamic response of the hindlimb resistance vessels to sympathetic stimulation was studied in 16 dogs, using step and sinusoidally modulated stimuli. The system is nonlinear and the form of the rise in resistance differs from that of the fall. A step input is followed by a delay of approximately 0.5 set before any detectable change occurs, and then by an approximately exponential rise in resistance with an average time constant of 9 sec. Cessation of stimulation is followed by a period of approximately 2.5 set during which the resistance does not change, then by a fall in resistance, which is slightly slower than the rise, and variable overshoot depending on the stimulus duration. The overshoot suggests a resonant frequency of approximately 0.034 cycle/set. Sinusoidally modulated stimulation indicates a limited frequency response corresponding with the slow response of the system, and resonance around the average corner frequency of 0.017 cycle/ set is suggested in some experiments. The significance of these findings in local and general circulatory control is discussed.
Choix financiers des entreprises et comportement bancaire : une application à un échantillon d'entreprises françaises

La transformation du paysage financier francais donne une nouvelle actualite aux interrogations sur l'existence d'une structure optimale de financement des entreprises et sur les determinants du choix d'une structure financiere. Nous montrons, dans une premiere partie, l'existence d'un ratio dettes/fonds propres optimal et l'existence d'une structure optimale de la dette. Au niveau micro-economique, les travaux recents ont mis l'accent sur l'existence d'asymetries d'information entre l'entreprise et ses apporteurs de fonds. Les theories de l'agence et du signal mettent en evidence qu'il existe, pour une entreprise donnee, une structure optimale de fonds propres et de dettes correspondant a ses caracteristiques specifiques ou a celles de son actionnariat. Ces approches theoriques permettent dans le premier chapitre de proposer differentes explications aux choix de financement des entreprises. Les couts d'agence semblent attenues par la nature des contrats se nouant entre les preteurs et les emprunteurs. Nous montrons dans un deuxieme chapitre que les relations banque-entreprise conditionnent le choix de la structure de la dette (nature et maturite). Le cout d'agence se trouve en effet minimise lorsqu'existe une relation de long terme entre un etablissement de credit et une entreprise. Dans une deuxieme partie, nous montrons l'applicabilite de ces modeles aux choix financiers des entreprises francaises. Nous montrons dans un troisieme chapitre que la dereglementation financiere a finalement contribue a augmenter les couts d'agence. Ces couts representent alors les contraintes liees a la mobilisation et a la diffusion de l'information. Nous etudions, dans un quatrieme chapitre, le comportement de financement d'un panel d'entreprises francaises. L'echantillon final comprend des postes du bilan et du compte de resultat de 1387 entreprises suivies sur la periode 1989-1993. Les resultats soulignent le role des approches qui mettent en evidence l'existence d'une hierarchie des financements. Nous avons egalement verifie l'interet des analyses identifiant d'eventuels conflits d'interet entre creanciers, dirigeants et actionnaires. Enfin, nos resultats montrent l'interet des analyses insistant sur le role des garanties et la maitrise de l'information dans les relations banque-entreprise.
Response to First-Line Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitors (PI/r)-Based Regimens in HIV Positive Patients Presenting to Care with Low CD4 Counts: Data from the Icona Foundation Cohort

Background There are no data comparing the response to PI/r-based regimens in people presenting for care with low CD4 counts or AIDS (LC). Aim To compare the response to LPV/r-, DRV/r- or ATV/r-based cART regimens in LC initiating cART from ART-naive. Methods We included people enrolled in Icona with either CD4 counts ≤350 cells/mm3 (low CD4-LC) or CD4 counts ≤200 cells/mm3 (very low CD4-VLC) and/or AIDS, starting their first PI/r-based regimen after 2008. Initial regimens were compared by intention-to-treat: i) time to viral failure (VF) (first of 2 consecutive VL>200 copies/mL after≥6 months); II) time to PI/r discontinuation/switching for any cause (TD) and for toxicity (TDT); III) treatment failure (TF) (VF or TD). Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses were used. Results 1,362 LC patients were included (DRV/r 607; ATV/r 552; LPV/r 203); 813 VLC. In a median of 18 months (IQR:7–35), the 1-year probability of VF and TF were 2.8% (1.9–3.8) and 21.1% (18.7–23.4). In the adjusted analysis, patients initiating ATV/r had a 53% lower chance, and those initiating DRV/r a 61% lower chance of TD, as compared to LPV/r; the risk of TF was more likely in people starting LPV/r. Results were similar among VLC; in this subgroup LPV/r including regimens demonstrated a lower chance of VF. Conclusions We confirmed in LC a low chance of virological failure by 1 year, with small differences according to PI/r. However, larger differences were observed when comparing longer-term endpoints such as treatment failure. These results are important for people presenting late for care.