Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Channel Statistics-Based RF Pre-Processing with Antenna Selection

We introduce two novel joint radio-frequency (RF)-baseband designs for receivers in a MIMO system with Nt transmit antennas, N r receive antennas, but only L < Nr RF chains at the receiver. The joint design introduces an RF pre-processing matrix that processes the signals from the different antennas, and is followed by selection (if necessary), down-conversion, and further processing in the baseband. The schemes are similar to conventional antenna selection in that they use fewer RF chains than antenna elements, but achieve superior performance by exploiting the spatial correlation of the received signals. The first of our proposed designs uses an L times N r RF pre-processing matrix that outputs only L streams followed by baseband signal processing, and, thus, eliminates the need for a selection switch. The second one uses an Nr times N r RF pre-processing matrix that outputs Nr streams and is followed by a switch that selects L streams for baseband signal processing. Both spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing systems are considered and the optimum pre-processing matrices are derived for all cases. To accommodate practical RF design constraints, which prefer a variable phase-shifter-based implementation, a sub-optimal phase approximation is also introduced. Performance better than conventional antenna selection and close to the full complexity receiver is observed in both single cluster and multi-cluster wireless channels. A beam-pattern-based geometric intuition is also developed to illustrate the effectiveness of the optimal solutions
The Historical Development of Computer Chess and its Impact on Artificial Intelligence

In this paper we review the historical development of computer chess and discuss its impact on the concept of intelligence. With the advent of electronic computers after the Second World War, interest in computer chess was stimulated by the seminal papers of Shannon (1950) and Turing (1953). The influential paper of Shannon introduced the classification of chess playing programs into either type A (brute force) or type B (selective). Turing's paper (1953) highlighted the importance of only evaluating 'dead positions' which have no outstanding captures. The brute force search method is the most popular approach to solving the chess problem today. Search enhancements and pruning techniques developed since that era have ensured the continuing popularity of the type A method. Alpha-beta pruning remains a standard technique. Other important developments are surveyed. A popular benchmark test for determining intelligence is the Turing test. In the case of a computer program playing chess the moves are generated algorithmically using rules that have been programmed into the software by a human mind. A key question in the artificial intelligence debate is to what extent computer bytes aided by an arithmetic processing unit can be claimed to 'think'.
To Design a Cascode LNA by Using Channel-Length-Split Device with Constant-gm in a 0.35 μm Silicon CMOS Technology

Abstract: In the paper, the folded-cascode low-noise operational amplifier (LNA) with constant-gm is proposed and analyzed. The channel-length split technique adopted to expand ratio of W/L of the differential pair transistor to improve the performance of LNA for the gain bandwidth product, noise and offset voltage. The channel-length split method is separated differential input transistor into 2 transistors in series. The area of the transistor (W, L) can be properly increased to effectively decrease the flick noise. The double indirect-frequency compensation technique and the clamping circuit are adopted in amplifier to increase the bandwidth. The proposed two sets input differential pair can be provided a constant-gm value and rail-to-rail swing during the operating region. The floating-point structure is used to reach rail-to-rail swing at output stage. Simulation results show that the gain, constant-gm in input stag, noise, offset-voltage, PSRR, CMRR and ICMR of amplifier are improved. The characteristics of LNA are successfully verified by the TSMC 0.35um 2P4M CMOS technology. There have a great potential in the VLSI implementation used in the portable electronic and bio-medicine product applications.
Mobility control: How injected surfactants and biostimulants may be forced into low-permeability units

Recovering dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) remains one of the most difficult problems facing the remediation industry. Still, the most common method of recovering DNAPL is to physically remove the contaminants using common technologies such as total fluids recovery pumps, vacuum systems, and “pump-and-treat. ” Increased DNAPL removal can be attained using surfactants to mobilize and/or solubilize the pollutants. However, very little is understood of the methods developed by petroleum engineers beginning in the 1960s to overcome by-passed, low-permeability zones in heterogeneous oil reservoirs. By injecting or causing the formation of viscous fluids in the subsurface, petroleum engineers caused increased in-situ pressures that forced fluid flow into low permeability units as well as the higher permeability thief zones. Polymer flooding involves injecting a viscous aqueous polymer solution into the contaminated aquifer. Foam flooding involves injecting surfactant to decontaminate the high-permeability zones and then periodic pulses of air to cause a temporary viscous foam to form in the high-permeable zones after all DNAPL is removed. Later surfactant pulses are directed by the foam into unswept low-permeable units. These methods have been applied to DNAPL removal using surfactants but they can also be applied to the injection of bio-amendments into low-permeability zones still requiring continued remediation. Here we discuss the principles of mobility control as practiced in an alluvial aquifer contaminated with chlorinated solvent and coal tar DNAPLs as well as some field results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An enhanced predictive location tracking scheme with deficient signal sources for wireless networks

Location estimation and tracking for the mobile devices have attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years. The location estimators associated with the Kalman filtering techniques are exploited to both acquire location estimation and trajectory tracking for the mobile devices. However, most of the existing schemes become inapplicable for location tracking due to the deficiency of signal sources. In this paper, the enhanced predictive location tracking (EPLT) are proposed to alleviate this problem. The EPLT scheme utilizes the predictive information obtained from the Kalman filter in order to provide the additional signal inputs for the location estimator. Furthermore, the EPLT scheme incorporates the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) information into the algorithm design. Persistent accuracy for location tracking can be achieved by adopting the proposed EPLT scheme, especially with inadequate signal sources. Numerical results demonstrate that the EPLT algorithm can achieve better precision in comparison with other location tracking schemes.
Differences in Aneurysm and Patient Characteristics Between Cohorts of Finnish and Dutch Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Time Trends Between 1986 and 2005

Background and Purpose— The high incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in Finland may be related to genetic or environmental factors, which may also influence patient and aneurysm characteristics. We compared these characteristics in 2 cohorts in Finland (Kuopio) and the Netherlands (Utrecht). Methods— For aSAH patients in Kuopio (n=1786) and Utrecht (n=1788), we compared sex, age at onset, and the sites and number of aneurysms from 1986 to 2005. Five-year time trends were assessed with &khgr;2 tests (sex distribution and the sites and number of aneurysms) and with 1-way ANOVA (age). Results— The proportion of men in Kuopio (46.1%; 95% CI, 43.8% to 48.4%) was higher than in Utrecht (33.6%, 95% CI, 31.4% to 35.8%) and declined in Kuopio from 50.9% (95% CI, 46.3% to 55.5%) in 1986–1990 to 42.8% (95% CI, 38.0% to 47.6%) in 2001–2005. Mean±SD age at onset was 52.4±13.3 years in Kuopio and 53.3±14.3 years in Utrecht. Both increased similarly over time. The most common aneurysm site in the Kuopio cohort was the middle cerebral artery (33.1%; 95% CI, 30.9% to 35.3%) and in the Utrecht cohort was the anterior communicating artery (38.0%; 95% CI, 35.5% to 40.5%). Multiple aneurysms were more frequent in Kuopio (27.8%; 95% CI, 25.1% to 29.2%) than in Utrecht (14.8%; 95% CI, 13.0% to 16.6%). Sites and proportions of multiple aneurysms did not change during 1986–2005. Conclusions— The cohorts of aSAH patients differed with respect to age at onset and the number and sites of aneurysms. The decline in the proportion of men in Kuopio coincided with increased smoking and alcohol use in women and decreased smoking in men. The differences in aneurysm characteristics remained stable, which suggests that these factors are less influenced by environmental factors.
Multidimensional mining of big social data for supporting advanced big data analytics

Big social data are now everywhere. They constitute a rich source of knowledge that is prone to be explored and mined in order to support advanced big data analytics. Multidimensional mining identifies a promising collection of tools to this end. Following this recent trend, in this paper, we provide an overview on two state-of-the-art proposals that show how big data analytics over big social data work in practice.
Histomorphology of chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Objective: To study the histomorphological changes of oral mucosa by observing the sections of lip buccal mucosae from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods: Oral mucosae from 15 patients aged 61-80 years old who died of gastrointestinal cancer were sampled. Group A (n=10) had received high-dose chemoradiotherapy. Group B (n=10) were divided two subgroups. Group B1 (n=5) had gastrointestinal cancer (before chemoradiotherapy), and Group B2 (n=5) consisted of healthy adult subjects. Oral mucosa (1 cm × 3 cm) was collected, prepared into 5-7 μm-thick paraffin sections, stained with haematoxylin-eosin, and observed under a light microscope. Meanwhile, indirect immunoperoxidase reaction was performed. Results: No. 5 sample in Group A showed the atrophy rate of mucosal epithelial cells was 100%. No. 6 sample showed that the autologous mucosal layer was attenuated, and the hypodermal mucosa was loosened and arranged in deposited fibers. Besides, 75% of No. 3 and 9 samples showed moderate focal or diffusive inflammatory infiltrations of lymphocytes-macrophages in the basal layer of oral mucosa. The nerve fibers and muscles in 20% of No. 2 sample underwent dystrophy. Conclusion: The oral mucosae of patients receiving chemoradiotherapy suffered from atrophy of epithelial cells and infiltration of numerous cells. In deeper layers, there was relaxation of the hypodermal mucosa as well as dystrophy of nerve fibers and muscles. The deep submucosa exhibited atrophic muscle fibers. In the meantime, the neuromodulation system was injured, especially in nonhyperplastic and hyperplastic muscle fiber bundles.
Production of human lymphoblastoid interferon by Namalva cells

Optimum conditions for growth and interferon production by a human lymphoblastoid cell line, Namalva, have been studied. Adaptation to large-scale production is possible utilizing either Sendai virus or Newcastle disease virus. Priming of cultures before induction is unnecessary. The interferon produced has properties similar to human leukocyte interferon. The production of lymphoblastoid interferon per cell is increased two- to fourfold after dilution with serum-free medium of a saturation-density culture of Namalva induced with Newcastle disease virus. Maximum interferon yields were obtained 27 h after the addition of virus, using cultures diluted to 4 X 10(5) to 9 X 10(5) cells per ml. The presence of glutamine in the dilution medium was required for maximum interferon production. Newcastle disease virus appeared to inhibit the rates of RNA and protein synthesis more effectively in the diluted cultures.
[Leigh syndrome resulting from a de novo mitochondrial DNA mutation (T8993G)].

INTRODUCTION Several degenerative neurological diseases are caused by mutations in the mitochondrial gene coding for subunit 6 of the ATPase. Thus, NARP (neurogenic weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa) and Leigh syndromes are associated to a T8993G mutation when the percentage of mutant mitochondrial DNA is low (60 90%) or high (>90%), respectively. Leigh syndrome is also caused by a second mutation in the same position T8993C. CASE REPORT The patient, a boy that died at 6 months, had generalized hypotonia, psychomotor delay, hepatomegaly, choreic movements and hyporreflexia. MRI showed hypodensities in the basal ganglia and brain stem as well as hyperlactacidemia. Molecular genetic analysis of the mitochondrial DNA showed that the patient had the T8993G mutation in a percentage higher than 95%. No mutated DNA was detected in blood of the proband s mother, maternal aunt and grandmother. CONCLUSIONS The point mutation T8993G may occur de novo, at high levels, causing neurodegenerative diseases.
Hemispheric asymmetries in water vapor and inferences about transport in the lower stratosphere

Both satellite water vapor measurements and in situ aircraft measurements indicate that the southern hemisphere lower stratosphere is drier than that of the northern hemisphere in an annual average sense. This is the result of a combination of factors. At latitudes poleward of ∼50°S, dehydration in the Antarctic polar vortex lowers water vapor mixing ratios relative to those in the north during late winter and spring. Equatorward of ∼50°S, water vapor in the lower stratosphere is largely controlled by the tropical seasonal cycle in water vapor coupled with the seasonal cycle in extratropical descent. During the tropical moist period (June, July, and August), air ascending in the Indian monsoon region influences the northern hemisphere more than the southern hemisphere, resulting in a moister northern hemisphere lower stratosphere. This tropical influence is confined to levels beneath 60 mbar at low latitudes, and beneath 90 mbar at high latitudes. During the tropical dry period (December, January, and February), dry air spreads initially into both hemispheres. However, the stronger northern hemisphere wintertime descent that exists relative to that of southern hemisphere summer transports the dry air out of the northern hemisphere lower stratosphere more quickly than in the south. This same hemispheric asymmetry in winter descent (greater descent rates during northern hemisphere winter than during southern hemisphere winter) brings down a greater quantity of “older” higher water vapor content air in the north, which also acts to moisten the northern hemisphere lower stratosphere relative to the southern hemisphere. These factors all act together to produce a drier southern hemisphere lower stratosphere as compared to that in the north. The overall picture that comes from this study in regards to transport characteristics is that the stratosphere can be divided into three regions. These are (1) the “overworld” where mass transport is controlled by nonlocal dynamical processes, (2) the “tropically controlled transition region” made up of relatively young air that has passed through (and been dehydrated by) the cold tropical tropopause, and (3) the stratospheric part of the “middleworld” or “lowermost stratosphere”, where troposphere-stratosphere exchange can occur adiabatically. Satellite water vapor measurements indicate that the base of the “overworld” is near 60 mbar in the tropics, or near the 450 K isentropic surface.
Web video topic discovery and tracking via bipartite graph reinforcement model

Automatic topic discovery and tracking on web-shared videos can greatly benefit both web service providers and end users. Most of current solutions of topic detection and tracking were done on news and cannot be directly applied on web videos, because the semantic information of web videos is much less than that of news videos. In this paper, we propose a bipartite graph model to address this issue. The bipartite graph represents the correlation between web videos and their keywords, and automatic topic discovery is achieved through two steps - coarse topic filtering and fine topic re-ranking. First, a weight-updating co-clustering algorithm is employed to filter out topic candidates at a coarse level. Then the videos on each topic are re-ranked by analyzing the link structures of the corresponding bipartite graph. After the topics are discovered, the interesting ones can also be tracked over a period of time using the same bipartite graph model. The key is to propagate the relevant scores and keywords from the videos of interests to other relevant ones through the bipartite graph links. Experimental results on real web videos from YouKu, a YouTube counterpart in China, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. We report very promising results.
Modified Jelinski-Moranda Software Reliability Model with Imperfect Debugging Phenomenon

In this paper, we have modified the Jelinski-Moranda (J-M) model of software reliability using imperfect debugging process in fault removal activity. The J-M model was developed assuming the debugging process to be perfect which implies that there is one-to-one correspondence between the number of failures observed and faults removed. But in reality, it is possible that the fault which is supposed to have been removed may cause a new failure. In the proposed modified J-M model, we consider that whenever a failure occurs, the detected fault is not perfectly removed and there is a chance of raising new fault/faults due to wrong diagnosis or incorrect modifications in the software. In this paper, we develop a modified J-M model which can describe the imperfect debugging process. The parameters of our modified J-M model are estimated by using maximum-likelihood estimation method. Applicability of the model has been shown on the failure data set of Musa.
Amazonia: Man and culture in a counterfeit paradise

Chapter 1 Preface to the Revised Edition Chapter 2 Preface to the Original Edition Chapter 3 Introduction Chapter 4 1. The Ecosystem Chapter 5 2. Aboriginal Adaptation to the Terra Firme Chapter 6 3. Adaptive Aspects of Terra Firme Culture Chapter 7 4. Aboriginal Adaptation to the Varzea Chapter 8 5. Amazonia in the Modern World Chapter 9 6. The Evolutionary Significance of Adaptation Chapter 10 Epilogue: Recent Developments Chapter 11 Selected References Chapter 12 Glossary Chapter 13 Index
Core-shell PLGA/collagen nanofibers loaded with recombinant FN/CDHs as bone tissue engineering scaffolds

Abstract Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds have been utilized in the tissue engineering field. It has been shown that both fibronectin (FN) and cadherin 11 (CDH) play important roles in the progress of osteogenesis and cell adhesion. The aim of this study was to fabricate recombinant FN/CDHs (rFN/CDHs)-loaded PLGA/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds and evaluate their effects on the adhesion and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). PLGA/collagen nanofibers were made by coaxial electrospinning. The morphology and mechanical properties of PLGA/collagen nanofibrous mats were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing, respectively. The performance of scaffolds was evaluated in terms of the viability, morphology, and osteogenic gene expression levels of hMSCs. rFN/CDHs was successfully incorporated into the PLGA/collagen nanofibers. The release of rFN/CDHs from PLGA nanofibers was investigated by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. rFN/CDHs improved the mechanical properties of the PLGA/collagen nanofibers. The controlled release of rFN/CDHs can enhance the proliferation of hMSCs and induce osteogenic gene expression (alkaline phosphatase, RUNX2, and osteocalcin). Our data imply that rFN/CDHs may induce hMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and PLGA/collagen nanofibers loaded with rFN/CDHs have potential in bone tissue engineering.
Erythropoietin Over-Expression Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice through Increased Fat Oxidation in Muscles

Erythropoietin can be over-expressed in skeletal muscles by gene electrotransfer, resulting in 100-fold increase in serum EPO and significant increases in haemoglobin levels. Earlier studies have suggested that EPO improves several metabolic parameters when administered to chronically ill kidney patients. Thus we applied the EPO over-expression model to investigate the metabolic effect of EPO in vivo. At 12 weeks, EPO expression resulted in a 23% weight reduction (P<0.01) in EPO transfected obese mice; thus the mice weighed 21.9±0.8 g (control, normal diet,) 21.9±1.4 g (EPO, normal diet), 35.3±3.3 g (control, high-fat diet) and 28.8±2.6 g (EPO, high-fat diet). Correspondingly, DXA scanning revealed that this was due to a 28% reduction in adipose tissue mass. The decrease in adipose tissue mass was accompanied by a complete normalisation of fasting insulin levels and glucose tolerance in the high-fat fed mice. EPO expression also induced a 14% increase in muscle volume and a 25% increase in vascularisation of the EPO transfected muscle. Muscle force and stamina were not affected by EPO expression. PCR array analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid metabolism, thermogenesis and inflammation were increased in muscles in response to EPO expression, while genes involved in glucose metabolism were down-regulated. In addition, muscular fat oxidation was increased 1.8-fold in both the EPO transfected and contralateral muscles. In conclusion, we have shown that EPO when expressed in supra-physiological levels has substantial metabolic effects including protection against diet-induced obesity and normalisation of glucose sensitivity associated with a shift to increased fat metabolism in the muscles.