Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Spiked Population Models for Spectrum Sensing

In order to improve sensing performance when the noise variance is not known, this paper considers a so-called blind spectrum sensing technique that is based on eigenvalue models. In this paper, we employed the spiked population models in order to identify the miss detection probability. At first, we try to estimate the unknown noise variance based on the blind measurements at a secondary location. We then investigate the performance of detection, in terms of both theoretical and empirical aspects, after applying this estimated noise variance result. In addition, we study the effects of the number of SUs and the number of samples on the spectrum sensing performance.
Numerical modelling of electromagnetic turbulent transport of energetic ions in burning plasmas

We investigate the redistribution of the neutral beam driven current in the presence of small scale turbulence in the ITER steady-state scenario. Gyrokinetic simulations show that anomalous transport of beam ions can be larger than collisional estimates. The impact on the beam driven current in ITER is studied with a single particle following code. The results indicate that the current driven by the 1 MeV neutral beam injection is not significantly redistributed by the microturbulent fields. The numerical investigation shows that a larger impact is expected for lower energy neutral beams.
Electron - whistler interaction at the Earth's bow shock: 1. Whistler instability

The interaction of whistler waves with the electrons in the Earth's quasi-perpendicular bow shock of November 7, 1977, is considered. A Monte Carlo simulation which includes the effect of electrostatic noise is used to obtain the electron distribution function fnof;e across the shock layer. The simulated fnof;e is rather anisotropic and in the shock foot has a marked loss cone structure which is evident in the data, too; therefore we study the instability of fnof;fe with respect to the emission of whistler modes. Strong whistler emission from the electrons is found, with frequency and spatial dependencies of the growth rate in good agreement with the observed magnetic noise. Most of the whistlers are generated in the shock foot, where the loss cone in the electron distribution function is found. This indicates that in quasi-perpendicular collisionless shock, besides the reflected ion beam and the field-aligned electron beam, an important source of whistler mode waves is the electron loss cone due to reflection from the magnetic ramp.
TURBULENT GAS-SOLID FLOWS, PART II: EXPLICIT ALGEBRAIC MODELS

Algebraic closures are derived for the Reynolds stresses and the fluxes of the void fraction in the Reynolds-averaged transport equations of gas-solid turbulent flows with low volume fraction and high density ratio. These closures are obtained from the hierarchy of secondorder moment closures and are favored over conventional models based on the Boussinesq-type (linear gradient diffusion) approximations. With a liberal use of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, "explicit" solutions of the algebraic equations are obtained for the Reynolds stresses of both the carrier and the dispersed phases, and the turbulent fluxes of the void fraction. The predictions of the model for the Reynolds stresses are shown to compare well with direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of particle-laden homogeneous turbulent shear flows.
A non randomized mentalization intervention for parents of children with autism

Parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report higher levels of stress and other negative affective states than parents of typically developing children. One important resource in managing these heightened levels of negative affect is emotion regulation, which in turn depends upon the ability to recognize and understand one's own and others' mental states (referred to as mentalization or reflective functioning). In this study, parents of children with ASD either participated in a mentalization‐based group intervention (N = 36) or a delayed treatment (N = 28). Compared to delayed treatment participants, parents in the mentalization‐based group had increases in reflective functioning and in the belief that emotions can change. Moreover, they reported decreased behavioral and emotional symptoms in their children, and greater parental self‐efficacy. These preliminary findings support previous studies, which have shown that mentalization‐based interventions for parents lead to positive outcomes, and suggest that these findings may apply to a diverse population of parents such as those of children with broader autism phenotype or children with different neurological disorders. Further studies to evaluate the effects of the intervention are recommended. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1077–1086. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In-situ determination of dispersion and resolving power in simultaneous multiple-angle XUV spectroscopy

We report on the simultaneous determination of non-linear dispersion functions and resolving power of three flat-field XUV grating spectrometers. A moderate-intense short-pulse infrared laser is focused onto technical aluminum which is commonly present as part of the experimental setup. In the XUV wavelength range of 10? 19 nm, the spectrometers are calibrated using Al-Mg plasma emission lines. This cross-calibration is performed in-situ in the very same setup as the actual main experiment. The results are in excellent agreement with ray-tracing simulations. We show that our method allows for precise relative and absolute calibration of three different XUV spectrometers.
Radiative Heat Transfer Using Isotropic Scaling Approximation: Application to Fibrous Medium

The applicability of the isotropic scaling approximation to heat transfer analysis in fibrous medium is discussed. The isotropic scaling model allows the transformation of an anisotropic scattering problem to an isotropic one. The scaled parameters are derived for general anisotropic scattering and for radiative properties dependent of the incidence radiation. Three different isotropic scaling approaches are considered: Directional isotropic scaling, mean isotropic scaling, and P1 isotropic scaling; corresponding to isotropic scaling parameters function of incident radiation, arithmetic mean over all incident direction of radiative properties, and mean on weighted radiative properties, respectively. The discrete ordinate method is used to solve the radiative transfer equation through fibrous medium. The fibers in the medium are randomly oriented either in space or parallel to the boundaries. Numerical results presented for a pure radiation problem show good accuracy on radiative heat flux between the exact solution and solution obtained with both P1 and directional isotropic scaling while using mean isotropic scaling is unsuitable. Using isotropic scaling approximation to model radiative heat transfer is faster than the exact solution and required few quadratures to converge.
Automatic simplification and merging algorithm of isobaths based on surface simplification

In view of the current situation that most of the current isobaths automatic simplification algorithms are aimed at a single depth contour and it is difficult to unify the automatic simplification and merging process, we propose an automatic simplification and merging algorithm of isobaths based on surface simplification. Firstly, the basic principles of surface simplification and rolling ball synthesis of seafloor topography are analyzed, and then high-precision digital depth model (DDM) is constructed using nautical chart data as the original three-dimensional data; Then, on this basis, the high-precision DDM is simplified by using the rolling ball transform; Finally, based on the simplified DDM, the isobaths are extracted reversely to realize the purpose of automatic simplification and merging. The experimental results show that: in typical regions, the proposed method can automatically identify and process the regions to be simplified and merged, and our method also improves the automatic synthesis quality of isobaths.
Novel Algorithm for Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an emerging technique with a wide spectrum of potential applications in data analysis. Mathematically, NMF can be formulated as a minimization problem with non-negative constraints. This problem attracts much attention from researchers for theoretical reasons and for potential applications. Currently, the most popular approach to solve NMF is the multiplicative update algorithm proposed by Lee and Seung. In this paper, we propose an additive update algorithm that has a faster computational speed than Lee and Seung's multiplicative update algorithm.
Improved modeling of relativistic collisions and collisional ionization in particle-in-cell codes

An improved Monte Carlo collisional scheme modeling both elastic and inelastic interactions has been implemented into the particle-in-cell code CALDER [E. Lefebvre et al., Nucl. Fusion 43, 629 (2003)]. Based on the technique proposed by Nanbu and Yonemura [J. Comput. Phys. 145, 639 (1998)] allowing to handle arbitrarily weighted macro-particles, this binary collision scheme uses a more compact and accurate relativistic formulation than the algorithm recently worked out by Sentoku and Kemp [J. Comput. Phys. 227, 6846 (2008)]. Our scheme is validated through several test cases, demonstrating, in particular, its capability of modeling the electrical resistivity and stopping power of a solid-density plasma over a broad parameter range. A relativistic collisional ionization scheme is developed within the same framework, and tested in several physical scenarios. Finally, our scheme is applied in a set of integrated particle-in-cell simulations of laser-driven fast electron transport.
Song Feature Specific Analysis of Isolate Song Reveals Interspecific Variation in Learned Components

Studies of avian vocal development without exposure to conspecific song have been conducted in many passerine species, and the resultant isolate song is often interpreted to represent an expression of the genetic code for conspecific song. There is wide recognition that vocal learning exists in oscine songbirds, but vocal learning has only been thoroughly investigated in a few model species, resulting in a narrow view of birdsong learning. By extracting acoustic signals from published spectrograms, we have reexamined the findings of isolate studies with a universally applicable semi‐automated quantitative analysis regimen. When song features were analyzed in light of three different production aspects (respiratory, syringeal, and central programming of sequence), all three show marked interspecific variability in how close isolate song features are to normal. This implies that song learning mechanisms are more variable than is commonly recognized. Our results suggest that the interspecific variation shows no readily observable pattern reflecting phylogeny, which has implications for understanding the mechanisms behind the evolution of avian vocal communication. We emphasize that song learning in passerines provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolution of a complex, plastic trait from a phylogenetic perspective.
How Mechanical and Physicochemical Material Characteristics Influence Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Fate

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells. Compared to bone marrow-derived stem cells, they can be harvested with minimal invasiveness. ASCs can be easily expanded and were shown to be able to differentiate into several clinically relevant cell types. Therefore, this cell type represents a promising component in various tissue engineering and medical approaches (e.g., cell therapy). In vivo cells are surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides a wide range of tissue-specific physical and chemical cues, such as stiffness, topography, and chemical composition. Cells can sense the characteristics of their ECM and respond to them in a specific cellular behavior (e.g., proliferation or differentiation). Thus, in vitro biomaterial properties represent an important tool to control ASCs behavior. In this review, we give an overview of the current research in the mechanosensing of ASCs and current studies investigating the impact of material stiffens, topography, and chemical modification on ASC behavior. Additionally, we outline the use of natural ECM as a biomaterial and its interaction with ASCs regarding cellular behavior.
Fault-Tolerant Control of Doubly Salient Electromagnetic Generator Based on Capacitor Split-Phase Bridge Converter Under Loss of Excitation

Doubly salient electromagnetic machine (DSEM) has the advantages of simple construction, easy power generation control, and convenient fault deexcitation, making it a promising application in the aviation field. Aviation power generation system puts forward higher requirements for the reliability of generators. Despite the various studies on the fault-tolerant control of DSEM, there are few studies on fault-tolerant control of excitation fault in aviation power generation systems. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to achieve a fault-tolerant power generation (FTPG) system for doubly salient electromagnetic generator (DSEG) on the event of excitation fault and improve the fault tolerance ability of the system, which can improve output power and reduce the copper loss of DSEG under loss of excitation. This article analyzes the basic principle of normal power generation about DSEG, establishes its equivalent circuit after excitation loss, and dissects the control strategy for the FTPG with loss of excitation based on a bridge converter. Besides, this article also proposes a fault-tolerant control system and its control strategy based on a capacitor split-phase bridge (CSPB) converter for DSEG, with higher generated power as well as lower copper loss. Based on the above hypothesis, experiments are performed on a power generation system for 12-/8-pole DSEG to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Drawn into mathematics: Applying student ideas about learning

Abstract The value of learner-centered pedagogy is now widely recognized, with various learning theories proposed to explain and justify curricula and teaching approaches in these programs. In this paper we seek to contribute to this literature on applied or practical learning theory by incorporating recent research on embodied or grounded cognition. We illustrate the explanatory value of our account of applied learning through a case study of a pre-vocation year 10 mathematics class, and conclude by considering the implications for future design of this kind of program.
3D model retrieval based on interactive attention CNN and multiple features

3D (three-dimensional) models are widely applied in our daily life, such as mechanical manufacture, games, biochemistry, art, virtual reality, and etc. With the exponential growth of 3D models on web and in model library, there is an increasing need to retrieve the desired model accurately according to freehand sketch. Researchers are focusing on applying machine learning technology to 3D model retrieval. In this article, we combine semantic feature, shape distribution features and gist feature to retrieve 3D model based on interactive attention convolutional neural networks (CNN). The purpose is to improve the accuracy of 3D model retrieval. Firstly, 2D (two-dimensional) views are extracted from 3D model at six different angles and converted into line drawings. Secondly, interactive attention module is embedded into CNN to extract semantic features, which adds data interaction between two CNN layers. Interactive attention CNN extracts effective features from 2D views. Gist algorithm and 2D shape distribution (SD) algorithm are used to extract global features. Thirdly, Euclidean distance is adopted to calculate the similarity of semantic feature, the similarity of gist feature and the similarity of shape distribution feature between sketch and 2D view. Then, the weighted sum of three similarities is used to compute the similarity between sketch and 2D view for retrieving 3D model. It solves the problem that low accuracy of 3D model retrieval is caused by the poor extraction of semantic features. Nearest neighbor (NN), first tier (FT), second tier (ST), F-measure (E(F)), and discounted cumulated gain (DCG) are used to evaluate the performance of 3D model retrieval. Experiments are conducted on ModelNet40 and results show that the proposed method is better than others. The proposed method is feasible in 3D model retrieval.
The role of the jaw in consonant articulation.

Various linguistic roles have been hypothesized for the jaw. In Browman and Goldstein’s Articulatory Phonology, it is identified as the common articulator among gestures involving the lower lip, tongue tip, and tongue body, and Goldstein has suggested that this may underly the differentiation in Arabic phonology between oral consonants (labials, dentals, velars) and gutturals (uvulars, pharyngeals, glottals). Keating (1983) proposed that consonants are specified for relatively fixed jaw heights (sibilants higher than stops higher than glides), providing the phonetic basis for sonority sequencing constraints. Macchi (1985) proposed that jaw height during consonants reflects both a passive coarticulation with neighboring vowels, and an active suprasegmental specification (lower in stressed syllables). This paper re‐examines these hypotheses using a corpus contrasting different places of articulation. The hypotheses are supported more or less well, depending on place. For example, Macchi’s hypothesis was bor.
Information, measure shifts and distribution metrics

Reflexive shifting of a given distribution, using its own distribution function, can reveal information. The shifts are changes in measure such that the separation of the resulting left and right unit shifted distributions reveals the binary entropy of position, called locational or partition entropy. This can be used for spread and asymmetry functions. Alternatively, summary metrics for distributional asymmetry and spread can be based on the relative strengths of left- and right-hand shifts. Such metrics are applicable even for long tail densities where distributional moments may not exist.
Simulation of effects of atmospheric aerosols on deep turbulent convective clouds using a spectral microphysics mixed-phase cumulus cloud model. Part II : Sensitivity study

Abstract Effects of different size distributions of cloud condensational nuclei (CCN) on the evolution of deep convective clouds under dry unstable continental thermodynamic conditions are investigated using the spectral microphysics Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM). In particular, high supercooled water content just below the level of homogeneous freezing, as well as an extremely high concentration of ice crystals above the level, observed recently by Rosenfeld and Woodley at the tops of growing clouds in Texas, were successfully reproduced. Numerical experiments indicate a significant decrease in accumulated precipitation in smoky air. The fraction of warm rain in the total precipitation amount increases with a decrease in the CCN concentration. The fraction is low in smoky continental air and is dominating in clean maritime air. As warm rain is a smaller fraction of total precipitation, the decrease in the accumulated rain amount in smoky air results mainly from the reduction of melted precipitatio.
Effects of Processing on Chemical Composition of Extracts from Sour Cherry Fruits, a Neglected Functional Food

Sour cherries fruits (Prunus cerasus L., syn P. cerasus var. austera) are locally known as “visciola di Sezze”, due to the name of the city where they are traditionally cultivated in Lazio Region, Italy. Fruit samples from three harvesting years (June 2019, 2020 and 2021), were submitted to a protocol of analyses to detect the bioactive content based on year of harvest, freezing, homogenization and thermic treatments. Polyphenolic components, particularly anthocyanin compounds, were extracted, purified and analyzed by HPLC-DAD and DI-ESI-MS. An anthocyanin content between 0.24 and 21 mg/g fresh weight and a flavonols content between 0.04 and 0.2 mg/g fresh weight were found, depending on the harvest year and the applied procedures. Anthocyanins, besides being the principal components, were mainly represented by cyanidin-3-glucosyl-rutinoside (about 80%), a not particularly widespread molecule, mostly accounting for polyphenolic content. Color analysis and anti-radical activity of the different obtained extracts were performed with the aim to correlate organoleptic characters and health potential to the detected anthocyanins and flavanols content. Results show that immediate post-harvest freezing is the best way to preserve the bioactive content, the correlated color expression and anti-radical activity.
Unsteady Structure and Development of a Row of Impingement Jets, Including Kelvin–Helmholtz Vortex Development

Considered is a cylinder channel with a single row of ten aligned impinging jets, with exit flow in the axial direction at one end of the channel. For the present predictions, an unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver is employed for predictions of flow characteristics within and nearby the ten impingement jets, where the jet Reynolds number is 15,000. Spectrum analysis of different flow quantities is also utilized to provide data on associated frequency content. Visualizations of three-dimensional, unsteady flow structural characteristics are also included, including instantaneous distributions of Y-component vorticity, three-dimensional streamlines, shear layer parameter ψ, and local static pressure. Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex development is then related to local, instantaneous variations of these quantities. Of particular importance are the cumulative influences of cross flows, which result in locally increased shear stress magnitudes, enhanced Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex generation instabilities, and increased magnitudes and frequencies of local flow unsteadiness, as subsequent jets are encountered with streamwise development.
Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of a Class of Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Schemes Potentially Applicable to Atmospheric Models

AbstractIn this paper, theoretical and numerical analyses of the properties of some complex semi-Lagrangian methods are performed to deal with the issues of the instability associated with the treatment of the nonlinear part of the forcing term. A class of semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit schemes is proposed using a modified TR-BDF2 method, which is the combination of the trapezoidal rule (TR) and the second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2). The process used for the nonlinear term includes two stages as predictor and corrector in the trapezoidal method and one stage for the BDF2 method. For the treatment of the linear term, the implicit trapezoidal method is employed in the first step, the explicit trapezoidal method in the second step, and the implicit BDF2 method in the third step. The combination of these techniques leads to a family of schemes that has a large region of absolute stability, performs well for the purely oscillatory cases, and has good qualities in terms of accuracy and converg.
Input-output System Identification In The Presence Of Multiplicative Noise

We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a linear system, when the observed output and the control input are corrupted by multiplicative noise. We show that the classical cross-correlation techniques may be used if the multiplicative noises have non-zero mean; in the zero-mean case, higher-order cross-moments and cumulants must be used. Parametric, non-parametric and adaptive estimators are developed.