Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Celecoxib treatment does not alter recruitment and activation of osteoclasts in the initial phase of experimental tooth movement

In a previous study, we reported that the short-term treatment with celecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) attenuates the activation of brain structures related to nociception and does not interfere with orthodontic incisor separation in rats. The conclusion was that celecoxib could possibly be prescribed for pain in orthodontic patients. However, we did not analyze the effects of this drug in periodontium. The aim of this follow-up study was to analyze effects of celecoxib treatment on recruitment and activation of osteoclasts and alveolar bone resorption after inserting an activated orthodontic appliance between the incisors in our rat model. Twenty rats (400–420 g) were pretreated through oral gavage with celecoxib (50 mg/kg) or vehicle (carboxymethyl-cellulose 0.4%). After 30 min, they received an activated (30 g) orthodontic appliance, set not to cause any palate disjunction. In sham animals, the appliance was immediately removed after introduction. All animals received ground food and, every 12 h, celecoxib or vehicle. After 48 h, they were anesthetized and transcardiacally perfused through the aorta with 4% formaldehyde. Subsequently, maxillae were removed, post-fixed and processed for histomorphometry or immunohistochemical analyses. As expected, incisor distalization induced an inflammatory response with certain histological changes, including an increase in the number of active osteoclasts at the compression side in group treated with vehicle (appliance:32.2±2.49 vs sham: 4.8±1.79, P<0.05) and celecoxib (appliance: 31.0±1.45 vs sham: 4.6±1.82, P<0.05). The treatment with celecoxib did not modify substantially the histological alterations and the number of active osteoclasts after activation of orthodontic appliance. Moreover, we did not see any difference between the groups with respect to percentage of bone resorption area. Taken together with our previous results we conclude that short-term treatment with celecoxib can indeed be a therapeutic alternative for pain relieve during orthodontic procedures.
Defining the Roles of IFN-γ and IL-17A in Inflammation and Protection against Helicobacter pylori Infection

CD4+ T cells have been shown to be essential for vaccine-induced protection against Helicobacter pylori infection. However, the effector mechanisms leading to reductions in the gastric bacterial loads of vaccinated mice remain unclear. We have investigated the function of IFN-γ and IL-17A for vaccine-induced protection and inflammation (gastritis) using IFN-γ-gene-knockout (IFN-γ-/-) mice, after sublingual or intragastric immunization with H. pylori lysate antigens and cholera toxin. Bacteria were enumerated in the stomachs of mice and related to the gastritis score and cellular immune responses. We report that sublingually and intragastrically immunized IFN-γ-/- mice had significantly reduced bacterial loads similar to immunized wild-type mice compared to respective unimmunized infection controls. The reduction in bacterial loads in sublingually and intragastrically immunized IFN-γ-/- mice was associated with significantly higher levels of IL-17A in stomach extracts and lower gastritis scores compared with immunized wild-type mice. To study the role of IL-17A for vaccine-induced protection in sublingually immunized IFN-γ-/- mice, IL-17A was neutralized in vivo at the time of infection. Remarkably, the neutralization of IL-17A in sublingually immunized IFN-γ-/- mice completely abolished protection against H. pylori infection and the mild gastritis. In summary, our results suggest that IFN-γ responses in the stomach of sublingually immunized mice promote vaccine-induced gastritis, after infection with H. pylori but that IL-17A primarily functions to reduce the bacterial load.
Context, prediction, and individual differences: Roles in shaping memory

Throughout our lives, we experience a constant stream of events. The emotions we feel as a result of each event is a product of multiple factors, including the context in which the event occurs, our predictions of the event, and individual differences, such as personality and time perspective biases. The relationships between these factors are numerous and multi­directional. For example, while context, prediction, and personality influence how we remember events, our memories of events in turn shape our personalities and future predictions. This cyclical relationship could indicate a role of memory in mood disorders, such as depression. For example, people high in the personality trait neuroticism may be predisposed to remember even neutral stimuli as being negatively valenced if the stimuli are situated in certain emotional contexts. They may also be more likely to make negative predictions and to have a past­negative time perspective, meaning they are biased to focus on the past in a negative manner. This could cause this population of people to be more susceptible to mood disorders since they are be stuck in a pessimistic feedback loop. Therefore, the interactions between context, prediction, and individual differences in the processing of emotional and neutral stimuli are an important area of investigation.
Robust secrecy rate optimisations for multiuser multiple-input-single-output channel with device-to-device communications

In the present study, the authors investigate robust secrecy rate optimisation problems for a multiple-inputsingle-output secrecy channel with multiple device-to-device (D2D) communications. The D2D communication nodes access this secrecy channel by sharing the same spectrum, and help to improve the secrecy communications by confusing the eavesdroppers. In return, the legitimate transmitter ensures that the D2D communication nodes achieve their required rates. In addition, it is assumed that the legitimate transmitter has imperfect channel state information of different nodes. For this secrecy network, the authors solve two robust secrecy rate optimisation problems: (a) robust power minimisation problem, subject to the probability based secrecy rate and the D2D transmission rate constraints; (b) robust secrecy rate maximisation problem with the transmit power, the probabilistic based secrecy rate and the D2D transmission rate constraints. Owing to the non-convexity of robust beamforming design based on two statistical channel uncertainty models, the authors present two conservative approximation approaches based on 'Bernsteintype' inequality and 'S-Procedure' to solve these robust optimisation problems. Simulation results are provided to validate the performance of these two conservative approximation methods, where it is shown that 'Bernstein-type' inequality based approach outperforms the 'S-Procedure' approach in terms of achievable secrecy rates.
The Effects of the Activation of Differentiated Concepts of God on Social Behavior

God is a pervasive part of our everyday lives; even in secular societies people are often exposed to God-related stimuli in the form of popular media, art and allusions in everyday language. While the influences of religiosity on human behavior have been studied, the influence of representations of Godhave been rarely researched. The limited pool of research shows that reminders of God can lead to both an increase in resisting temptationsand reduced pursuit of goals, suggesting a divergent effect of God on behavior. The goal of this paper is to add to the limited pool of findings regarding the influence of exposures to God on behavior. In two studies previous research is expanded on;for the first time specific concepts of God (all-seeing, all-powerful and benevolent) are manipulatedand their influence on helping intentions and cheating are examined. Results show some differentiation in behavior based on the priming of specific concepts of God. The pattern though, of this differentiation, interestingly, was not that which was expected. Notably, an all-powerful God led to higher helping intentions among believers in Study 1, while a benevolent God led to more cheating in Study 2. Explanations for the unexpected findings are discussed and future directions for research are presented.
Marker-basiertes Tracking 1 . 1 Tracking allgemein Tracking in Augmented Reality beinhaltet die

Tracking ist wohl eines der grössten Probleme in Augmented Reality aktuell. Es wurden viele verschiedene Möglichkeiten dafür vorgeschlagen, aber ich werde mich hier hauptsächlich auf Marker-basiertes Tracking beschränken und da zuerst ein bisschen wie es funktioniert, danach was ein guter Marker haben soll und schliesslich ein Ausblick auf die Möglichkeiten von AR an einem Beispiel das auf Markerbasierten Tracking beruht. 1. Marker-basiertes Tracking 1.1 Tracking allgemein Tracking in Augmented Reality beinhaltet die Bestimmung der Position eines Objektes und auch dessen Ausrichtung. Dies sowohl für diejenigen Objekte die man mit virtuellen Objekten erweitern will, als auch für die Position und die Blickrichtung der Person welche das System verwendet. Tracking wurde schon mit vielen verschiedenen Möglichkeiten vorgeschlagen. Ich möchte hier nun auf einige kurz eingehen und auch deren Vorund Nachteile ein bisschen aufzeigen. Zum einen wurden akustische Systeme mit Ultraschall für Tracking vorgeschlagen, dies kann aber vor allem in einer grösseren Umgebung mit vielen verschiedenen zusätzlichen Geräuschquellen zu einigen Störungen führen, was das Tracking dann verunmöglicht. Eine weitere Möglichkeit sind magnetische Tracking-Varianten die aber in den meisten Anwendungen scheitern, wenn es zu viele metallische Gegenstände im Raum hat, welche das Magnetfeld der jeweiligen Orientierungspunkte verfälschen können. Ein relativ grosses Feld sind die optischen Trackingverfahren. Zu diesem gehören auch die markerbasierten Ansätze, bei welchen das Tracking über speziell angebrachte Marker erfolgt. Auch dieses Verfahren hat verschiedene Nachteile, da zum einen die Marker verdeckt sein können und zum anderen muss auch immer eine gewisse Helligkeit vorhanden sein, da sonst sowohl das Auffinden als auch das Unterscheiden der Marker zu neuen Schwierigkeiten führen kann. 1.2 Augmented Reality System von Kato/Billinghurst [1] 1.2. 1 System Überblick Das von Kato und Billinghurst entwickelte AR System soll zur Unterstützung der Zusammenarbeit mehrerer Benutzer verwendet werden. Die Grundidee dabei ist, dass ein Aussendienstmitarbeiter von einem Experten am Desktop-PC unterstützt werden kann. Der Benutzter mit dem AR-Interface trägt eine HMD-Brille (Head-MountedDisplay, see-through) und kann über eine gemeinsame Oberfläche (shared white Figure 1: System Aufbau
Assessing Postural Control for Affect Recognition Using Video and Force Plates

Postural control is a dynamical process that has been extensively studied in motor control research. Recent experimental work shows a direct impact of affects on human balance. However, few studies on the automatic recognition of affects in full body expressions consider balance variables such as center of gravity displacements. Force plates enable the capture of balance variables with high precision. Automatic video extraction of the center of gravity is a basic alternative, which can be easily accessible for a wide range of public applications. This paper presents a comparison of balance variables extracted from the force plate and video processing. These variables are used to capture the bodily expressions of participants in a public speaking task designed to elicit stress. Results show that the variability of the center of gravity displacements from the force plate and video are related to negative emotions and situation appraisals. The power spectrum density broadness of the center of pressure from the force plate is related to Difficulty Describing Feelings, an important factor from a dispositional trait of Alexithymia. Implications of the use of such methods are discussed.
Hear the Whole Story: Towards the Diversity of Opinion in Crowdsourcing Markets

The recent surge in popularity of crowdsourcing has brought with it a new opportunity for engaging human intelligence in the process of data analysis. Crowdsourcing provides a fundamental mechanism for enabling online workers to participate in tasks that are either too difficult to be solved solely by a computer or too expensive to employ experts to perform. In the field of social science, four elements are required to form a wise crowd - Diversity of Opinion, Independence, Decentralization and Aggregation. However, while the other three elements are already studied and implemented in current crowdsourcing platforms, the 'Diversity of Opinion' has not been functionally enabled. In this paper, we address the algorithmic optimizations towards the diversity of opinion of crowdsourcing marketplaces. From a computational perspective, in order to build a wise crowd, we need to quantitatively modeling the diversity, and take it into consideration for constructing the crowd. In a crowdsourcing marketplace, we usually encounter two basic paradigms for worker selection: building a crowd to wait for tasks to come and selecting workers for a given task. Therefore, we propose our Similarity-driven Model (S-Model) and Task-driven Model (T-Model) for both of the paradigms. Under both of the models, we propose efficient and effective algorithms to enlist a budgeted number of workers, which have the optimal diversity. We have verified our solutions with extensive experiments on both synthetic datasets and real data sets.
An evaluation of rapid D‐dimer assays for the exclusion of deep vein thrombosis

We evaluated the performance of eight d‐assays for the exclusion of deep vein thrombosis (DVT); Biopool AutoDimer, Biopool MiniQuant, bioMèrieux MDA d‐Dimer, VIDAS, Dade Behring d‐Dimer Plus, Trinity Biotech AMAX, NycoCard d‐dimer and IL Test d‐Dimer. The assays were evaluated both as stand‐alone tests, and in combination with pretest probability (PTP). d‐dimer assays and PTP assessment were performed on 410 patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected acute DVT. DVT was diagnosed in 76 of 410 patients (18·5%) by compression ultrasound or other imaging techniques, as required. Receiver operator characteristics analysis established optimum cut‐off values and these were compared with manufacturer's cut‐off values where provided. As stand‐alone tests, the assays varied immensely regarding cut‐off value, negative predictive value (NPV 93–100%) and specificity (0–67%). At least one patient with confirmed DVT had a low d‐dimer level by each method: to achieve 100% sensitivity it would be necessary to reduce cut‐off values to levels below clinical usefulness. When low d‐dimer was used in combination with PTP, six of eight methods achieved ≥98% NPV, with a diagnosis of DVT excluded in 16–44% of patients without the requirement for diagnostic imaging. The highly variable diagnostic performance of these d‐dimer assays means that some assays are unsuitable for certain diagnostic strategies. However, our data suggest that the combination of sensitive d‐dimer assays with an assessment of PTP may be used to exclude a diagnosis of DVT.
Cell Lineage Reconstruction of Early Zebrafish Embryos Using Label-Free Nonlinear Microscopy

Zebrafish Development in 3D Vertebrate development has classically been characterized qualitatively, but—by combining expertise in physics, mathematics, and biology—Olivier et al. (p. 967) used label-free conformal nonlinear time-lapse microscopy and image analysis to calculate the spatiotemporal cell lineage of zebrafish embryos throughout their first 10 division cycles. The work reconstructs complete lineage trees, annotated with cell-shape measurements, and allows for visualization with interactive tools. Time-lapse recording characterizes the rhythm and cleavage pattern of the embryo during early stages of development. Quantifying cell behaviors in animal early embryogenesis remains a challenging issue requiring in toto imaging and automated image analysis. We designed a framework for imaging and reconstructing unstained whole zebrafish embryos for their first 10 cell division cycles and report measurements along the cell lineage with micrometer spatial resolution and minute temporal accuracy. Point-scanning multiphoton excitation optimized to preferentially probe the innermost regions of the embryo provided intrinsic signals highlighting all mitotic spindles and cell boundaries. Automated image analysis revealed the phenomenology of cell proliferation. Blastomeres continuously drift out of synchrony. After the 32-cell stage, the cell cycle lengthens according to cell radial position, leading to apparent division waves. Progressive amplification of this process is the rule, contrasting with classical descriptions of abrupt changes in the system dynamics.
Race, Social Class, and Educational Reform in an Inner-city School

Drawing on an assessment of reform efforts in one school in an urban ghetto in a large district in the Northeast, this article describes processes and events that illustrate how social manifestations of racial and social class status can combine to vitiate efforts at school reform. I argue that three factors—sociocultural differences among participants in reform, an abusive school environment, and educator expectations of failed reform—occurring in a minority ghetto where the school population is racially and economically isolated constitute some of the powerful and devastating ways that concomitants of race and social class can intervene to determine what happens in inner-city schools, and in attempts to improve them.
Parameter Estimation Using Metaheuristics in Systems Biology: A Comprehensive Review

This paper gives a comprehensive review of the application of metaheuristics to optimization problems in systems biology, mainly focusing on the parameter estimation problem (also called the inverse problem or model calibration). It is intended for either the system biologist who wishes to learn more about the various optimization techniques available and/or the metaheuristic optimizer who is interested in applying such techniques to problems in systems biology. First, the parameter estimation problems emerging from different areas of systems biology are described from the point of view of machine learning. Brief descriptions of various metaheuristics developed for these problems follow, along with outlines of their advantages and disadvantages. Several important issues in applying metaheuristics to the systems biology modeling problem are addressed, including the reliability and identifiability of model parameters, optimal design of experiments, and so on. Finally, we highlight some possible future research directions in this field.
Spinal Kinematics and Facet Load Transmission After Total Disc Replacement

Study Design. In vitro human cadaveric biomechanical study. Objective. The objectives were to determine the effect of total disc replacement (TDR) on kinematics, especially range of motion (ROM), helical axis of motion (HAM), and facet joint contact force. Summary of Background Data. Ball-and-socket type artificial discs are designed to mimic normal motion, but the biomechanical effect on kinematics has not been thoroughly clarified. Methods. Fourteen human cadaveric L4–L5 units were tested before and after TDR. In 7 specimens, facet contact forces were directly measured with thin-film piezoresistive load transducers inserted in the facet joints. In the other 7 specimens, the facet joint capsules were kept intact. Moments (±7.5 Nm) were applied in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation motion, with and without an axial compressive preload of 400 N. Three-dimensional motion was recorded, and each angular ROM and HAM were calculated. Results. Without axial compressive preload, the TDR did not produce significant differences in ROMs in all cases. However, under compressive preload, the TDR produced significantly larger ROMs for flexion (4.0° and 8.7°) and lateral bending (2.4° and 5.6°) (intact state and TDR, respectively). The TDR did not alter the HAM significantly except the location in lateral bending without compressive preload and the orientation in flexion/extension against horizontal plane. The location of HAM was slightly shifted caudally by the compressive preload in intact and TDR states. Despite the increased ROMs, the facet contact forces were not significantly altered by the TDR either with or without compressive preload (26 N and 27 N in extension, 41 N and 41 N in lateral bending, 117 N and 126 N in axial rotation). Conclusion. TDR using a ball-and-socket type artificial disc significantly increased ROM under axial load and maintained the HAM with similar facet contact forces to the intact state.
The Origins and the Development of the ASM Method for High Level System Design and Analysis

The research belonging to the Abstract State Machines approach to system design and analysis is surveyed and documented in an annotated ASM bibliography. The survey covers the period from 1984, when the idea for the concept of ASMs (under the name dynamic or evolving algebras or structures) appears for the first time in a foundational context, to the year 2001 where a mathematically well-founded, practical system development method based upon the notion of ASMs is in place and ready to be industrially deployed. Some lessons for the future of ASMs are drawn. The ASM method for high-level design and analysis of computing systems natu- rally grew out ofthe foundational concern which led to the discovery ofthe notion of ASMs, although it took some time for the concept to sink in. Indeed as often happens with ideas which change the way we look at things, its "real"ization —through becoming the basis for an intellectual, machine supported instrument for practical system design and analysis—encountered significant resistance in the scientific community. In this paper we survey the already rich ASM literature and the salient steps ofthe development ofthe ASM method out ofits origins. This reflexion, upon where we came from and upon the way we went, helps to bring into focus some risks and challenges for the future of the ASM approach to industrial system development. We discuss these lessons for the future in the
Medical practice patterns and socio-economic factors may explain geographical variation of end-stage renal disease incidence.

BACKGROUND Incidence rates of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) vary geographically not only between but within countries. This study uses data from the French REIN registry to quantify the extent to which socio-economic environment, health care supply and medical practice patterns such as early dialysis initiation or greater propensity to accept frail or elderly patients for dialysis, may explain spatial patterns of ESRD incidence in 85 French districts. METHODS The association between age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of RRT in 2008-09 and 17 indicators was explored at the district level with geographically appropriate methods, before and after controlling for the effects of diabetes and the other significant indicators. Rate ratios (RR) and credible intervals (CI) were estimated for a 1-SD increase of each covariate. RESULTS Crude RRT incidence by district ranged from 85.8 to 225.5 per million inhabitants. The age- and sex-adjusted RRT incidence increased with the proportion of people unemployed (RR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09), the population density (RR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12) and the prevalence of diabetes (RR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.12). It also increased with the proportions of incident ESRD patients >85 years (RR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.06), of deaths within the first 3 months of RRT (RR: 1.03, 95% CI 1.0-1.06) and of nephrologists in private practice (RR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.08) and with the median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at dialysis initiation (RR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09). CONCLUSION This study confirms that socio-economic factors and diabetes explain substantial between-area variations in RRT incidence and highlights the variability of practice patterns, especially decisions about RRT and their potential impact on incidence.