Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migraines in childhood as a cause of headache in adulthood – how to prevent it? A literature review

Introduction and Objective. Migraine is the most common acute and recurrent headache in children. The pain is the result of stimulation of meningeal nociceptors. There may be a genetic predisposition to generalized neuronal hyperexcitability. Aura is caused by the cortical spreading depression (CSD). Migraines hamper daily functioning and cause adverse effects in future adult life. This review aims to introduce the most common forms and present their diagnosis and treatment methods. Review Methods. The following electronic databases were searched: Pubmed, Google Scholar using the keywords ‘childhood migraine disorder’, ‘paediatric migraine’, ‘migraine in children’. Articles in English were included. Brief description of the state of knowledge. The review shows both the diagnostic modalities of migraines and the latest methods of treating and preventing migraines from developing. Summary. In the diagnosis of migraine in paediatric patients, particular importance is attached to a thorough clinical history. Paediatric patients suffering from migraine have a reduced density of grey matter in the frontal cortex. In the therapeutic process a multi-media approach, including lifestyle changes, psychoeducation and psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, are important. Conclusions. There is a good response to OCT analgesics in children and adolescents. There are reports in the literature that migraine occurring in children becomes a risk factor for migraines in adults. Migraines in children represent a difficult disease entity, both diagnostically and therapeutically. To-date, no significant changes have been demonstrated on imaging studies in children and the symptoms themselves may be uncharacteristic. Further research is needed to consider and implement the use of new drugs.
Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption Method for Protecting the Privacy of Banking Data in the Cloud

The time and cost saving for banks when implementing cloud computing strategies are staggering. However, it is important to consider the security and protection of data when it comes to the widespread adoption of cloud. Fully homomorphic encryption is currently still undergoing experimentations. One of its limitation is the time required to encrypt and decrypt the sensitive data, as the traditional encryption systems showed a level of resistance and considerable maturity that can be rehabilitated or hybridized for application in the field of sensitive data protection hosted in the Cloud. In this paper we will propose hybrid homomorphic system that will be applied to the banking data to perform operations on encrypted data without decrypting, based on the encrypting, the decryption and the operation treatment time on the ciphertext which were obtained by simulating an addition and multiplication homomorphic cryptosystem and comparing it with DGHV that is somewhat homomorphic; then we will choose our model which is most suitable for banking application.
Digital maps of Mars

A cartographic digital model (DM) of Mars containing controlled image mosaics and topographic measurements has been prepared for distribution on CD-ROM optical disks. This database is the product of an exhaustive Mars cartography project based on data from the Viking Orbiter missions. It includes a radiometrically and geometrically controlled, photometrically modeled global image mosaic at a resolution of 1/256°/pixel (231 m), a digital topographic model of the entire planet at a resolution of 1/64° (about 1 km), a series of multispectral image mosaics, and selected high-resolution (≥7 m/pixel) image mosaics. This collection of 21 disks is expected to provide support not only for primary scientific investigations of Mars but also for the scientific and engineering operations of future expeditions to that planet.
Get It in Writing: Formal Contracts Mitigate Social Dilemmas in Multi-Agent RL

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a powerful tool for training automated systems acting independently in a common environment. However, it can lead to sub-optimal behavior when individual incentives and group incentives di-verge. Humans are remarkably capable at solving these social dilemmas. It is an open problem in MARL to replicate such cooperative behaviors in selﬁsh agents. In this work, we draw upon the idea of formal contracting from economics to overcome diverging incentives between agents in MARL. We pro- pose an augmentation to a Markov game where agents volun-tarily agree to binding state-dependent transfers of reward, under pre-speciﬁed conditions. Our contributions are theoretical and empirical. First, we show that this augmentation makes all subgame-perfect equilibria of all fully observed Markov games exhibit socially optimal behavior, given a suf- ﬁciently rich space of contracts. Next, we complement our game-theoretic analysis by showing that state-of-the-art RL algorithms learn socially optimal policies given our augmentation. Our experiments include classic static dilemmas like Stag Hunt, Prisoner’s Dilemma and a public goods game, as well as dynamic interactions that simulate trafﬁc, pollution management and common pool resource management.
Distinct impacts of two types of La Niña events on Australian summer rainfall

This study investigates impacts of two types of La Niña events, eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña and central Pacific (CP) La Niña, on Australian summer rainfall during 1951–2009. Results show that Australian summer rainfall is sensitive to the change in the location of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in equatorial Pacific. During CP La Niña, maximum cold SST anomaly is located in the equatorial CP west of 150°W, and significant northeasterly wind anomalies tend to prevail over northeastern Australia during austral summer. This brings more moist and warm flow from the tropics to Australia and leads to significant positive rainfall anomalies over northern and eastern Australia. In contrast, during EP La Niña, maximum cold SST anomaly is confined to equatorial EP east of 150°W and atmospheric circulation anomalies tend to be weak. As a result, rainfall anomalies are generally weak over Australia in EP La Niña. The differences in the Australian summer rainfall anomalies between CP La Niña and EP La Niña are attributed to the differences in atmospheric circulation anomalies. Specifically, the atmospheric circulation anomalies over tropical Pacific tend to be stronger and located more westward in CP La Niña. Higher climatological SST in the equatorial CP than equatorial EP, larger magnitude and westward shift of cold SST anomaly centre in CP La Niña than EP Niña may explain stronger and westward shift of the atmospheric anomalies in CP La Niña. Atmospheric model numerical experiments confirm the contribution of stronger circulation response in CP La Niña to the positive rainfall anomalies in Australia. Results in this study suggest that it is important to classify the La Niña events into different types when predicting Australian summer rainfall.
ANALISIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA PADA KURIKULUM MERDEKA

Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan keleluasaan kepada pendidik untukmenciptakan pembelajaran yang berkualitas yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan danlingkungan belajar peserta didik. Pendidik diberi keleluasaan untuk memilihberbagai perangkat ajar sehingga pembelajaran dapat disesuaikan dengankebutuhan belajar dan minat peserta didik. Salah satu model pembelajaran yangdirekomendasikan adalah Project Based Learning (PjBL) merupakan kegiatanpembelajaran berupa pembuatan produk terkait materi fisika yang digunakansebagai wahana penguasaan kompetensi. Tujuan penelitian bagaimana deskripsipengetahuan guru SMP Plus Aisyah Samawa tentang Project Based Learning? Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian teridiri dari 50guru. Adapun instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain kuesioner,survey, dan interviev dengan pengolahan data analisis data deskriptif-kualitatif.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2023. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan masih banyak guru yang belum memahami secara tepat sehinggadiperlukan workshop agar pemahaman dan kemauan untuk menerapkan ProjectBased Learning (PjBL), yang berbeda dengan Model pembelajaran ProblemBased Learning yang telah diterapkan oleh guru SMP Plus Aisyah Samawa.
Recognition of intraglomerular histological features with deep learning in protocol transplant biopsies and their association with kidney function and prognosis

ABSTRACT Background The Banff Classification may not adequately address protocol transplant biopsies categorized as normal in patients experiencing unexplained graft function deterioration. This study seeks to employ convolutional neural networks to automate the segmentation of glomerular cells and capillaries and assess their correlation with transplant function. Methods A total of 215 patients were categorized into three groups. In the Training cohort, glomerular cells and capillaries from 37 patients were manually annotated to train the networks. The Test cohort (24 patients) compared manual annotations vs automated predictions, while the Application cohort (154 protocol transplant biopsies) examined predicted factors in relation to kidney function and prognosis. Results In the Test cohort, the networks recognized histological structures with Precision, Recall, F-score and Intersection Over Union exceeding 0.92, 0.85, 0.89 and 0.74, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed associations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at biopsy and relative endothelial area (r = 0.19, P = .027), endothelial cell density (r = 0.20, P = .017), mean parietal epithelial cell area (r = –0.38, P < .001), parietal epithelial cell density (r = 0.29, P < .001) and mesangial cell density (r = 0.22, P = .010). Multivariate analysis retained only endothelial cell density as associated with eGFR (Beta = 0.13, P = .040). Endothelial cell density (r = –0.22, P = .010) and mean podocyte area (r = 0.21, P = .016) were linked to proteinuria at biopsy. Over 44 ± 29 months, 25 patients (16%) reached the primary composite endpoint (dialysis initiation, or 30% eGFR sustained decline), with relative endothelial area, mean endothelial cell area and parietal epithelial cell density below medians linked to this endpoint [hazard ratios, respectively, of 2.63 (P = .048), 2.60 (P = .039) and 3.23 (P = .019)]. Conclusion This study automated the measurement of intraglomerular cells and capillaries. Our results suggest that the precise segmentation of endothelial and epithelial cells may serve as a potential future marker for the risk of graft loss.
COLLECTION: DATA MANAGEMENT PLANNING ACROSS DISCIPLINES AND INFRASTRUCTURES

Most research funders require Data Management Plans (DMPs). The review process can be time consuming, since reviewers read text documents submitted by researchers and provide their feedback. Moreover, it requires specific expert knowledge in data stewardship, which is scarce. Machine-actionable Data Management Plans (maDMPs) and semantic technologies increase the potential for automatic assessment of information contained in DMPs. However, the level of automation and new possibilities are still not well-explored and leveraged. This paper discusses methods for the automation of DMP assessment. It goes beyond generating human-readable reports. It explores how the information contained in maDMPs can be used to provide automated pre-assessment or to fetch further information, allowing reviewers to better judge the content. We map the identified methods to various reviewer goals
COASTAL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE IRANIAN COAST OF MAKRAN, OMAN SEA (CHABAHAR BAY TO GAWATER BAY) AS AN INDICATOR OF TSUNAMIS

Extreme coastal inundation associated with the 2004 Indian Ocean and 1945 Makran tsunamigenic-earthquakes highlight the risk of tsunamis to coastlines of the northern Oman Sea. Foraminifera have been used as indicators of paleotsunamis in the past where allochthonous tests, found in low-energy environments such as in coastal lagoons, ponds, and marshes, indicate marine overwash. In this study, we constrain the modern distributions of foraminifera from coastal Iran so that they may be used to identify and interpret (e.g. assess provenance) paleotsunami deposits in the geologic record. We collected surface sediment samples from sixteen sites within the study area from Chabahar to Gawater Bays on the Makran coast of Iran, selecting locations impacted by the 1945 Makran tsunami. Foraminifera obtained from these locations are dominated by intertidal, subtidal, and supratidal species, with minor abundances of planktic taxa. Samples collected from study locations are characterized by abundances of iron-stained and heavily corroded (e.g. edge rounded and pitted) individuals. Cluster analysis was used to determine three foraminiferal assemblages within the Makran coastal zone: subtidal, intertidal and supratidal. Characterizing modern distributions of foraminifera along the Makran coast of Iran will aid in identifying the provenance of older overwash deposits previously identified in this region
Squall‐line initiation over the northern coast of Brazil in March: Observational features

The daily cycle of atmospheric conditions related to squall‐line (SL) initiation over the northern coast of Brazil (NCB) was obtained for a specific month (March) over the course of a decade (2004–2013). March falls during the NCB's rainy season. A comparison of atmospheric conditions between two categories, the most intense SL events (SLC+) and the weakest coastal convection events (CC–), was carried out. For both categories, the daily cycle of convective cluster properties (i.e. number and area) over the NCB showed that the transition from shallow to deep convection occurred from 1200 to 1500 UTC, and the development of multicell storms occurred from 1500 to 1800 UTC. From 1800 to 2100 UTC for the SLC+ events, the number of clusters decreased sharply, and the area slightly expanded, which indicated upscaling via merging; for the CC– events, merging was a secondary mechanism, and the clusters did not experience upscaling. Atmospheric conditions were computed from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. By focusing on the significant differences between the categories, it was found that SL initiation was related to a higher moisture content at approximately 700 hPa for all analysis times (0600, 1200, 1800 and 0000 UTC) and to a stronger low‐level moisture convergence from 0600 to 1800 UTC, mid‐level upward motion from 1200 to 0000 UTC, low‐level convergence at 1200 UTC, and upper‐level divergence from 1800 to 0000 UTC.
Influence of scar age, laser type and laser treatment intervals on paediatric burn scars: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Laser therapy has emerged to play a valuable role in the treatment of paediatric burn scars; however, there is heterogeneity in the literature, particularly concerning optimal timing for initiation of laser therapy. This study aims to investigate the effect of factors such as scar age, type of laser and laser treatment interval on burn scar outcomes in children by meta-analysis of previous studies. Methods A literature search was conducted across seven databases in May 2022 to understand the effects of laser therapy on burn scar outcomes in paediatric patients by metanalysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) between pre- and post-laser intervention. Meta-analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 4.0. Fixed models were selected when there was no significant heterogeneity, and the random effects model was selected for analysis when significant heterogeneity was identified. For all analyses, a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 467 patients. Laser therapy significantly improved Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS)/Total Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (Total POSAS), vascularity, pliability, pigmentation and scar height of burn scars. Significant heterogeneity was found between the studies and thus subgroup analyses were performed. Early laser therapy (<12 months post-injury) significantly improved VSS/POSAS scores compared to latent therapy (>12 months post-injury) {SMD −1.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −3.08; −0.87], p < 0.001 vs −0.59 [95%CI = −1.10; −0.07], p = 0.03} as well as vascularity {SMD −3.95 [95%CI = −4.38; −3.53], p < 0.001 vs −0.48 [95%CI = −0.66; −0.30], p < 0.001}. Non-ablative laser was most effective, significantly reducing VSS/POSAS, vascularity, pliability and scar height outcomes compared to ablative, pulse dye laser and a combination of ablative and pulse dye laser. Shorter treatment intervals of <4 weeks significantly reduced VSS/POSAS and scar height outcomes compared to intervals of 4 to 6 weeks. Conclusions Efficacy of laser therapy in the paediatric population is influenced by scar age, type of laser and interval between laser therapy application. The result of this study particularly challenges the currently accepted initiation time for laser treatment. Significant heterogeneity was observed within the studies, which suggests the need to explore other confounding factors influencing burn scar outcomes after laser therapy.
The respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein vaccine attenuates the severity of respiratory syncytial virus‐associated disease in breakthrough infections in adults ≥60 years of age

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a contagious pathogen causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Symptoms range from mild upper respiratory tract infections to potentially life‐threatening lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). In adults ≥60 years old, vaccine efficacy of a candidate vaccine for older adults (RSVPreF3 OA) was 71.7% against RSV‐ARI and 82.6% against RSV‐LRTD (AReSVi‐006/NCT04886596). We present the patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) from the same trial at the end of the first RSV season in the northern hemisphere (April 2022). Methods In this phase 3 trial, adults aged ≥60 years were randomized (1:1) to receive one dose of RSVPreF3 OA vaccine or placebo. PROs were assessed using InFLUenza Patient‐Reported Outcome (FLU‐PRO), Short Form‐12 (SF‐12), and EuroQol‐5 Dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaires. Peak FLU‐PRO Chest/Respiratory scores during the first 7 days from ARI episode onset were compared using a Wilcoxon test. Least squares mean (LSMean) of SF‐12 physical functioning (PF) and EQ‐5D health utility scores were estimated using mixed effects models. Results In the RSVPreF3 OA group (N = 12,466), 27 first RSV‐ARI episodes were observed versus 95 in the Placebo group (N = 12,494). Median peak FLU‐PRO Chest/Respiratory scores were lower in RSVPreF3 OA (1.07) versus Placebo group (1.86); p = 0.0258. LSMean group differences for the PF and EQ‐5D health utility score were 7.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −9.86, 23.85; p = 0.4125) and 0.0786 (95% CI: −0.0340, 0.1913; p = 0.1695). Conclusions The RSVPreF3 OA vaccine, in addition to preventing infection, attenuated the severity of RSV‐associated symptoms in breakthrough infections, with trends of reduced impact on PF and health utility.
Sport-Specific AMCaMP: New Modular Tools for Measuring Adolescent Self-Confidence In Sport-Specific Movement

Background Despite increasing interest in psychological factors that affect the impact of self-efficacy on readiness to return to play, few clinical tools are available to assess self-confidence in performing sports-specific movement patterns in the pediatric/adolescent population. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of sports-specific modules to supplement a general measure of movement self-efficacy, the Adolescent Measure of Confidence and Movement Performance (AMCaMP). Study Design Quasi-experimental cross-sectional validation. Methods After preliminary testing for readability and ease of administration, one of 12 sport-specific modules pertinent to the individual’s sport (baseball, softball, basketball, football, gymnastics, cheerleading, soccer, ballet, swimming, lacrosse, tennis, and cross country) were administered to 14,744 patients, 11-18 years of age, drawn from 12 pediatric sports physical therapy facilities in a single health care system. Respondents completed the assigned sport-specific self-report questionnaire at initial visit and conclusion of the episode of care. Results Based on sample sizes, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, and Kaiser-Myer-Olkin measures, nine modules (baseball, softball, basketball, football, gymnastics, cheerleading, soccer, ballet, and swimming) were deemed suitable for factor analysis. Each module sample was divided into test validation samples. Exploratory factor analysis revealed an underlying structure ranging from one to three factors depending upon the module. Subsequent confirmatory factor analyses fully supported the hypothesized factor structures for each module except swimming. Additional analyses to determine coefficient alpha (range=0.8-0.976), Standard Error of Measurement (range=1.12-2.33), and Minimum Detectable Change (range=3.1-6.47) confirmed the reliability of each of these modules. Conclusion AMCAMP sport-specific modules are reliable and valid self-report tools to capture self-confidence in performing sport-specific movements to supplement AMCAMP’s evaluation of self-efficacy in performing the general movements of everyday life. The results of this study support using these modules as part of the overall clinical evaluation of psychological readiness to return to sport. Level of Evidence Level 3b.
Invariant Submanifolds of Genus 5 and a Cantor Staircase in the Nonholonomic Model of a Snakeboard

In this paper, we address the free (uncontrolled) dynamics of a snakeboard consisting of two wheel pairs fastened to a platform. The snakeboard is one of the well-known sports vehicles on which the sportsman executes necessary body movements. From the theoretical point of view, this system is a direct generalization of the classical nonholonomic system of the Chaplygin sleigh. We carry out a topological and qualitative analysis of trajectories of this dynamical system. An important feature of the problem is that the common level set of first integrals is a compact two-dimensional surface of genus 5. We specify conditions under which the reaction forces infinitely increase during motion and the so-called phenomenon of nonholonomic jamming is observed. In this case, the nonholonomic model ceases to work and it is necessary to use more complex mechanical models incorporating sliding, elasticity, etc.
Seasonal changes in the arsenic distribution of newly drilled wells tapping different aquifers in the Bangladesh delta

1 1. OBJECTIVES AND DELIVERABLES 2 1.1. OBJECTIVES 2 1.2. DELIVERABLES 3 2. BANGLADESH – A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE GEOGENIC ARSENIC CONTAMINATION 4 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTIGATION AREA 13 3.1. STUDY AREA SELECTION CRITERIA AND SPECIFICS 13 3.2. VEGETATION AND LAND USE 14 3.3. CLIMATE 15 3.4. GEOLOGY 16 3.4. 1. GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY 16 3.4. 2. GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE BENGAL BASIN 18 3.4. 3. LITHOLOGICAL UNITS – STRATIGRAPHY 20 3.4. 4. HYDROGEOLOGY 22 3.5. HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY 24