Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Book Reviews: Half Real: Video Games between Real Rules and Fictional Worlds

As was highlighted in the release of Sage’s new videogames journal Games and Culture, there remains a binary split in approaches to videogame thought. European – and especially Scandinavian scholars – favour ludology, a term first used by Csikszentmihalyi and popularised by Gonzalo Frasca. Eventually this resulted in the radical ludology of Espen Aarseth who argues that videogaming should exist as a discipline separate from the ‘colonisation’ (Raessens, 2006: 55) of the US approach to games that views them as a subdivision of cinema and literature, known as narratology. The fact that Juul declares Aarseth to be a bridge-builder between theoretically diametric schools of thought demonstrates how callow communication is amongst an object of study that prides itself on immersion in a High-Definition, always connected, world. In one sense, Juul’s Half Real may provide the answer, for this is not only a book that patiently attempts to construct an inclusive theoretical methodology but also represents the best applied use yet of Aarseth’s seminal Cybertext ie a text that is as much about input from the reader as about output from the author. Dotted with interactive examples, puzzles and an accompanying website, it floats somewhere between the game and narrative; at once a gamebook, reminiscent of the Choose Your Own Adventure series, and then an easily accessible text, targeting a wider demographic than academia and game designers. After decades of videogames existing as the black border around entertainment, Juul is forthright in his endeavour to transfer serious discussions about play to the masses. The concept of transmedia is not only key to the form but also to the function of Half-Real. Juul’s thesis is that all games are elastic. Firstly, the very best games can be can be transferred from one medium to the next, chess is an excellent illustration: it can be played on computer, by post, on paper or even in the mind (Juul, 2005: 49). Secondly, a game must have rules in order to provide structure, ‘a specific sort of immaterial support . the determination of what moves and actions are permissible and what they will lead to’ (Juul, 2005: 48), the open-endedness of a game is not necessarily dependent on complexity. Pong is a game played with a bat and a ball on one screen that famously instructs players to ‘avoid missing ball to score’ and Juul correctly identifies that it contains a ‘large possibility space’ (Juul, 2005: 69) inasmuch as each game is unique, whereas The Hobbit ‘contains a wider range of possible actions . but the solution fits on a piece of paper. ’ This leads to Juul providing a delineation between games of emergence, which are akin to a linear narrative, for example Amazon Adventure; and games of progression, which avail themselves to the player as time passes, for example Tetris.There are also hybrids which include games such as Half-Life and EverQuest. Thirdly, in competition but conjunction with rules for players attention is fiction. Juul contends that ‘Though rules can function independent of fiction, fiction Book reviews
Fear and the focus of attention

Philosophers have not been very preoccupied by the link between emotions and attention. The few that did (de Sousa, 1987) never really specified the relation between the two phenomena. Using empirical data from the study of the emotion of fear, we provide a description (and an explanation) of the links between emotion and attention. We also discuss the nature (empirical or conceptual) of these links.
Visual Experience Analysis for Polygon Mesh on Different Display Devices

Polygon mesh has been widely used in various areas by virtue of its high verisimilitude and convenient interactivity. However, the prosperity of various display devices for mesh model may lead to a diversity and ambiguity of visual experience, which will considerably disturb the development of mesh. In this paper, the difference of visual experience for mesh model on VR device and monitor are analyzed through a questionnaire, where the question items are designed from three perspectives, namely, display property, observation manner and user perception. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test is employed to compare the visual experience on two devices, and then the possible reason for the discrepancy of observation experiences is analyzed. The analysis results may provide a reasonable suggestion for improve the mesh quality or the display performance of devices.
Characterization analysis and polymorphism detection of the porcine Myd88 gene

The myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88) is an essential adaptor protein, which mediates in all Toll-like receptor (TLR) members signal transduction, except for TLR3. In this study, the 4464 bp genomic sequence of porcine Myd88 was first isolated, whereupon tissue distribution, chromosome mapping and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were analyzed. Our results revealed that porcine Myd88 gene, which was located at chromosome 13 linked with marker S0288 (distance = 40 cR; LOD = 8.66), was widely expressed in all the examined tissues. There were 16 potential SNPs in the isolated genome fragment. SNP 797T/C in the first intron was studied, with no significant association being found between the genotype and immune traits in pigs (p > 0.05). The porcine Myd88 protein contained both the death domain (DD) and the Toll/IL-1 receptor domain (TIR). Leu residues, essential for its structure, were the most abundant encountered in the DD. The TIR contained two conserved motifs which may play important roles in the Myd88 function.
A CONFIABILIDADE E A VALIDAÇÃO NA INVESTIGAÇÃO EPISTEMOLÓGICA DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE QUÍMICA: UM DESENHO METODOLÓGICO.

In this work we present a study on the epistemological nature of this vision of science in textbooks for chemistry. We performed a study which was designed to investigate the vision of science explicitly and implicitly present in textbooks for chemistry and the treatment given to the history of science and the relationship between science, technology and society. We present a methodological design built to identify textual evidence (textual marks) in chapter's semantic fragments of textbook analysis, based on the search for categories reliability and validity developed by the intercoders agreement. We also present the epistemological profile analysis of a textbook discussing their educational consequences.
PSO-LA: A NEW MODEL FOR OPTIMIZATION

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population based statistical optimization technique which inspired by social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling. PSO starts with a random population of particles. Each particle of the population tries to move toward the points of search space in which the best experience of the particle itself and also the best experience of the population occurred. The main weakness of PSO especially in multi modal problems is trapping in local optimums. In this paper a new PSO model called PSO-LA is proposed in which a learning automaton takes the role of configuring the behavior of particles and also creating a balance between the process of global and local search. The results of experiments conducted on some standard problems show that the proposed algorithm produces better results than the standard PSO.
Risk perception and psychological morbidity in men at elevated risk for prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE As prostate-specific antigen (psa) makes prostate cancer (pca) screening more accessible, more men are being identified with conditions that indicate high risk for developing pca, such as elevated psa and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (hgpin). In the present study, we assessed psychological well-being and risk perception in individuals with those high-risk conditions. METHODS A questionnaire consisting of a psychological symptom survey, a trait risk-aversion survey, and a cancer-specific risk perception survey was administered to 168 patients with early-stage localized pca and 69 patients at high risk for pca (n = 16 hgpin, n = 53 psa > 4 ng/mL). Analysis of variance was used to examine differences in psychological well-being and appraisal of risk between the groups. RESULTS Compared with the pca group, the high-risk group perceived their risk of dying from something other than pca to be significantly lower (p = 0.007). However, pca patients reported significantly more clinically important psychological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The identification of prostate conditions that predict progression to cancer might not result in the psychological symptoms commonly experienced by pca patients, but does appear to be related to a distorted perception of the disease's mortal risk. Patients with pca experience reduced psychological well-being, but better understand the risks of pca recurrence and death. Education on the risks and outcomes of pca can help at-risk men to view health assessments with reduced worry.
Squibs: Automatic Selection of HPSG-Parsed Sentences for Treebank Construction

This article presents an ensemble parse approach to detecting and selecting high-quality linguistic analyses output by a hand-crafted HPSG grammar of Spanish implemented in the LKB system. The approach uses full agreement (i.e., exact syntactic match) along with a MaxEnt parse selection model and a statistical dependency parser trained on the same data. The ultimate goal is to develop a hybrid corpus annotation methodology that combines fully automatic annotation and manual parse selection, in order to make the annotation task more efficient while maintaining high accuracy and the high degree of consistency necessary for any foreseen uses of a treebank.
Membrane Lipid Domains Distinct from Cholesterol/Sphingomyelin-Rich Rafts Are Involved in the ABCA1-mediated Lipid Secretory Pathway*

Efflux of excess cellular cholesterol mediated by lipid-poor apolipoproteins occurs by an active mechanism distinct from passive diffusion and is controlled by the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1. Here we examined whether ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux involves the selective removal of lipids associated with membrane rafts, plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin. ABCA1 was not associated with cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich membrane raft domains based on detergent solubility and lack of colocalization with marker proteins associated with raft domains. Lipid efflux to apoA-I was accounted for by decreases in cellular lipids not associated with cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich membranes. Treating cells with filipin, to disrupt raft structure, or with sphingomyelinase, to digest plasma membrane sphingomyelin, did not impair apoA-I-mediated cholesterol or phosphatidylcholine efflux. In contrast, efflux of cholesterol to high density lipoproteins (HDL) or plasma was partially accounted for by depletion of cholesterol from membrane rafts. Additionally, HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was partially inhibited by filipin and sphingomyelinase treatment. Apo-A-I-mediated cholesterol efflux was absent from fibroblasts with nonfunctional ABCA1 (Tangier disease cells), despite near normal amounts of cholesterol associated with raft domains and normal abilities of plasma and HDL to deplete cholesterol from these domains. Thus, the involvement of membrane rafts in cholesterol efflux applies to lipidated HDL particles but not to lipid-free apoA-I. We conclude that cholesterol and sphingomyelin-rich membrane rafts do not provide lipid for efflux promoted by apolipoproteins through the ABCA1-mediated lipid secretory pathway and that ABCA1 is not associated with these domains.
Anonymous and Adaptively Secure Revocable IBE with Constant Size Public Parameters

In Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) systems, key revocation is non-trivial. This is because a user's identity is itself a public key. Moreover, the private key corresponding to the identity needs to be obtained from a trusted key authority through an authenticated and secrecy protected channel. So far, there exist only a very small number of revocable IBE (RIBE) schemes that support non-interactive key revocation, in the sense that the user is not required to interact with the key authority or some kind of trusted hardware to renew her private key without changing her public key (or identity). These schemes are either proven to be only selectively secure or have public parameters which grow linearly in a given security parameter. In this paper, we present two constructions of non-interactive RIBE that satisfy all the following three attractive properties: (i) proven to be adaptively secure under the Symmetric External Diffie-Hellman (SXDH) and the Decisional Linear (DLIN) assumptions; (ii) have constant-size public parameters; and (iii) preserve the anonymity of ciphertexts---a property that has not yet been achieved in all the current schemes.
A mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age

Background: Oligosaccharides may alter postnatal immune development by influencing the constitution of gastrointestinal bacterial flora. Aims: To investigate the effect of a prebiotic mixture of galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides on the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) during the first six months of life in formula fed infants at high risk of atopy. Methods: Prospective, double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial; 259 infants at risk for atopy were enrolled. A total of 102 infants in the prebiotic group and 104 infants in the placebo group completed the study. If bottle feeding was started, the infant was randomly assigned to one of two hydrolysed protein formula groups (0.8 g/100 ml prebiotics or maltodextrine as placebo). All infants were examined for clinical evidence of atopic dermatitis. In a subgroup of 98 infants, faecal flora was analysed. Results: Ten infants (9.8%; 95 CI 5.4–17.1%) in the intervention group and 24 infants (23.1%; 95 CI 16.0–32.1%) in the control group developed AD. The severity of the dermatitis was not affected by diet. Prebiotic supplements were associated with a significantly higher number of faecal bifidobacteria compared with controls but there was no significant difference in lactobacilli counts. Conclusion: Results show for the first time a beneficial effect of prebiotics on the development of atopic dermatitis in a high risk population of infants. Although the mechanism of this effect requires further investigation, it appears likely that oligosaccharides modulate postnatal immune development by altering bowel flora and have a potential role in primary allergy prevention during infancy.
Adaptive MIMO Switching for Mobile WiMAX OFDMA Systems: Performance Trade Off

The future mobile communication system will be distinguished by high integration of services, flexibility and higher throughput. Thus, the rapid growth in traffic volume and increase in new services has begun to change the configuration and structure of wireless networks. In the past, WiMAX has gained lot of interest for providing broadband communication. The present demand in the field of wireless communication is not only to provide data communication when the user is mobile, but also to provide high data rate by consuming less bandwidth. To meet these requirements, WiMAX provides specification for FEC (forward error correction), and optional schemes like advanced antenna systems (AAS), space time code (STC) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Also it includes two MIMO profiles, which can be used for different purposes including diversity, spatial multiplexing and interference reduction. MIMO in conjunction with OFDMA promises to provide massive amelioration in system throughput. The objective of the paper is to propound a unified guideline for choosing optimal schemes for different scenario in WiMAX OFDMA systems. In this paper, a simple technique to switch between diversity and multiplexing has been proposed. It is discerned through simulations that the proposed scheme achieves significant performance improvement than that can be obtained with either multiplexing or diversity alone.
Heterogeneity of Kir4.1 channel expression in glia revealed by mouse transgenesis

The weakly inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 is found in many glial cells including astrocytes. However, questions remain regarding the relative contribution of Kir4.1 to the resting K+ conductance of mature astrocytes in situ. We employed a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic approach in mice to visualize Kir4.1 expression in vivo. These mice (Kir4.1‐EGFP) express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of the Kir4.1 promoter. The brains of adult Kir4.1‐EGFP transgenic mice showed co‐expression of EGFP and Kir4.1 in astrocytes. In addition, weaker expression of EGFP was detected in NG2+ glial cells when compared with EGFP expression in GFAP+ glial cells. Whole‐cell voltage clamp recordings of EGFP+ glial cells in the CA1 area of the adult mouse hippocampus indicated astrocytes displaying properties consistent with both the “passive” and “complex” subpopulations. EGFP+ cells with bright fluorescence had the linear current–voltage (I–V) relationships and extensive gap junctional coupling characteristic of passive astrocytes. However, EGFP+ glia with weaker fluorescence displayed properties associated with complex astrocytes including nonlinear I–V relationships and lack of intercellular gap junctional coupling. Pharmacological blockade of inward currents implied that Kir4.1 channels constitute the dominant resting K+ conductance in both glial cell types and are more highly expressed in passive astrocytes. These results suggest differential expression of Kir4.1 in glia and that this channel likely underlies the resting K+ conductance in passive and complex astrocytes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical information technologies and inpatient outcomes: a multiple hospital study.

BACKGROUND Despite speculation that clinical information technologies will improve clinical and financial outcomes, few studies have examined this relationship in a large number of hospitals. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of urban hospitals in Texas using the Clinical Information Technology Assessment Tool, which measures a hospital's level of automation based on physician interactions with the information system. After adjustment for potential confounders, we examined whether greater automation of hospital information was associated with reduced rates of inpatient mortality, complications, costs, and length of stay for 167 233 patients older than 50 years admitted to responding hospitals between December 1, 2005, and May 30, 2006. RESULTS We received a sufficient number of responses from 41 of 72 hospitals (58%). For all medical conditions studied, a 10-point increase in the automation of notes and records was associated with a 15% decrease in the adjusted odds of fatal hospitalizations (0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.97). Higher scores in order entry were associated with 9% and 55% decreases in the adjusted odds of death for myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass graft procedures, respectively. For all causes of hospitalization, higher scores in decision support were associated with a 16% decrease in the adjusted odds of complications (0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.90). Higher scores on test results, order entry, and decision support were associated with lower costs for all hospital admissions (-$110, -$132, and -$538, respectively; P < .05). CONCLUSION Hospitals with automated notes and records, order entry, and clinical decision support had fewer complications, lower mortality rates, and lower costs.
Updated page rank of dynamically generated research authors' pages: A new idea

An efficient technique to find the rank of the research papers based on the author name of numerous research fields published in several conferences. This ranking process is based on the citation network. Research paper vital is caught well with through associate vote, which on this case is exploration paper being referred to in various research papers. Utilizing an adjusted adaptation of the Page Rank calculation, we rank the exploration papers, relegating everything about a definitive positioning. Utilizing the scores of the exploration papers figured by the utilization of aforementioned procedure, we plan scores for the creators and rank them as great. We have introduced a crawler based dynamic system in algorithm which receive into account access time, number of citations and author details in ranking the research papers. Considering the papers publication, in the addition to paper scores we compare the page rankings of the research links calculated for the authors.
A Model-Based Approach for Supporting Dialogue Inferencing in a Conversational Case-Based Reasoner

Conversational ease-based reasoning (CCBR) a form of interactive case-based reasoning where users input a partial problem description (in text). The CCBR system responds with ranked solution display, which lists the solutions of stored cases whose problem descriptions best match the user’s, and a ranked question display, which lists the unanswered questions in these cases. Users interact with these displays, either refining their problem description by answering selected questions, or selecting a solution to apply. CCBR systems should support dialogue inferencing; they should infer answers to questions that are implied by the problem description. Otherwise, questions will be listed that the user believes they have already answered. The standard approach to dialogue inferencing allows case library designers to insert rules that define implications between the problem description and unanswered questions. However, this approach imposes substantial knowledge ngineering requirements. We introduce an alternative approach whereby an intelligent assistant guides the designer in defining a model of their case library, from which implication rules are derived. We detail this approach, its benefits, and explain how it can be supported through an integration with Parka-DB, a fast relational database system. We will evaluate our approach in the context of our CCBR system, named NaCoDAE. Conversational Case-Based Reasoning We introduce an integrated reasoning approach in which a model-based reasoning component performs an important inferencing role in a conversational casebased reasoning (CCBR) system named NaCoDAE (Breslow & Aha, 1997) (Figure 1). CCBR is a of case-based reasoning where users enter text queries describing a problem and the system assists in eliciting refinements of it (Aha & Breslow, 1997). Cases have three components: 1. Summary: A brief, partial textual description of the
Two center light cone calculation of pair production induced by ultrarelativistic heavy ions

An exact solution of the two center time-dependent Dirac equation for pair production induced by ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is presented. Cross sections to specific final states approach those of perturbation theory. Multiplicity rates are reduced from perturbation theory. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}