Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new role for calmodulin in ion channel biology.

See related articles, pages 1048–1054 and 1055–1063 A time-dependent repolarizing current carried by outward movement of potassium ions was first identified by Hodgkin and Huxley, and has been recognized in heart since the 1960s.1,2 Experiments in the 1980s found that the amplitude of the current, then termed I K, increased when intracellular calcium was increased.3 The key advance to further understanding of the physiology of this important repolarizing current was the recognition in 1990 that it includes at least two distinct components, now termed I Kr and I Ks.4 These two currents have very different voltage-dependent gating behaviors and sensitivities to drugs and to activation of second messenger pathways. The amplitude and gating of I Ks is quite labile in experimental preparations and increases dramatically in response to activation of PKA.5–7 Such I Ks variability has been invoked as a mechanism underlying variability in the extent to which I Kr blockers prolong QT interval, a common problem in clinical medicine and drug development.7–10 At its simplest level, patients with robust I Ks display minimal QT prolongation with I Kr block, whereas those with I Ks reduction may display little QT prolongation at baseline but striking QT prolongation when I Kr, the major mechanism supporting normal repolarization in this setting, is blocked by drugs. Molecular genetic studies in the mid 1990s led to identification of the genes whose expression underlies these currents: I Kr is generated by expression of KCNH2 (initially termed HERG ), and I Ks is generated by the coexpression of a pore forming subunit, KCNQ1 (formerly termed KvLQT1 ), with important function modifying ancillary subunit KCNE1 (or minK). 11 Mutations in KCNQ1 are the most common cause of type 1 long QT syndrome (LQT1). When mutations in KCNQ1 , KCNE1 , …
Negative Growth Regulation of Oncogene‐transformed Human Breast Epithelial Cells by Phytochemicals: Role of Apoptosis

Evidence from epidemiological investigations and from experiments on animal models supports the concept that natural phytochemicals present in fresh fruits, vegetables, and grain products may offer protection against human organ-site carcinogenesis.1–5 Such phytochemicals as phytoalexins, terpenoids, flavanoids, and retinoids, either as single agents or as adjuvants, may represent valuable lead compounds for preventive/therapeutic intervention. Clinically relevant mechanistic evidence for the efficacy of phytochemicals, at present, is largely dependent on extrapolation and is therefore equivocal. Human tissue–derived in vitro models and mechanistic end point biomarkers provide an innovative approach for reducing a need for extrapolation of basic research data for their clinical relevance. Our earlier studies have sought to develop reliable models from explant and cell cultures of noncancerous breast tissue, wherein induction and modulation of chemical carcinogenor oncogene-induced preneoplastic transformation is quantified at molecular, biochemical, and cellular levels using a spectrum of mechanistic biomarker assays.6–11 In the multistep process of human breast carcinogenesis, transformation of target epithelial tissue from the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) to simple hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, and ductal carcinoma in situ exhibits progressively increased risk for developing aggressive breast cancer.12 Furthermore, the comedo type of ductal carcinoma in situ that lacks estrogen receptor (ER) frequently overexpresses HER-2/neu, mutant p53, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These lesions are at higher risk for developing drug-resistant, invasive breast cancer.13–15 A cell culture model exhibiting these characteristics represents a valuable experimental system for clinically relevant translational research. To this end, efforts are focused to establish epithelial cell cultures from reduction mammoplasty-derived normal breast tissue, and proliferative disease without atypia, atypical
Failure analysis of brittle fracture in nonceramic insulators

Time dependent transverse cracking of the glass reinforced polymer (GRP) core rod in nonceramic insulators (NCI) under low mechanical loads, commonly referred to as brittle fracture, has been investigated. Tension tests were performed on GRP core rods with E glass, ECR glass as well as epoxy and polyester matrices using nitric and oxalic acid environments in order to obtain the relationship between applied stress and the time to rupture. While both E glass and ECR glass remain prone to brittle fracture, ECR has a substantially superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking than E glass. Scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces has produced a quantitative relationship between the stress history and the fracture mirror size on the fibers. Results of an epoxy cone insulator end fitting are presented, and the mechanism of brittle fracture is discussed.
RAGS-real-analysis ALAP-guided synthesis

A new technique for single-bus heterogeneous system scheduling and hardware-software codesign is presented. This technique addresses challenging real-time problem domains (e.g., multirate periodic dependent tasks) for preemptive target systems including real-time operating system overheads and communication contention along with proper protocol handling. Such realistic system attributes are often times ignored in scheduling and codesign efforts, but are addressed here using a novel "real-analysis" approach. This technique foregoes the usual list- or cluster-oriented scheduling techniques for an as-late-as-possible (ALAP) guided iterative improvement procedure. A detailed system simulation is used at the scheduling level, which in turn is used as the core of the overall cosynthesis. Since an accurate simulation is the basis for the schedule feasibility check, separate verification steps become unnecessary. In addition to using real analysis as part of the scheduling, several other unique or unusual features are employed including the use of ALAP in heterogeneous scheduling, recursive search level at a time, allowing backtracking while maintaining polynomial execution time, as well as others. This framework appears to be unique in its ability to address the allocation/scheduling and codesign of heterogeneous systems, which, in particular, employ arbitrated buses for intertask communication.
Recent important trials of pharmacotherapy in Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects ~ 1% of individuals > 60 years. Of these PD patients ∼ 40% suffer dementia in later life. Levodopa is commonly used in the treatment of PD. Experimental evidence suggests that the dopamine synthesised from levodopa may contribute to the further degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The results of the clinical outcome part of the Earlier Versus Later Levodopa Therapy in PD study suggest that levodopa slows the progression of PD. In contrast, the single photon emission-computed tomography imaging substudy was not conclusive but suggested that levodopa hastened the progression of PD. Thus, further studies of the effects of levodopa on the progression of PD are needed before it can be proved that levodopa does not have a detrimental effect on dopaminergic neurons. In a clinical trial of the anticholinesterase rivastigmine, a small improvement was observed in some patients suffering from dementia associated with PD. This small benefit has to be balanced against cholinergic side effects and a possible loss of efficacy of antimuscarinic agents used for motor control in PD.
PLS Dimension Reduction for Classification with Microarray Data

Partial Least Squares (PLS) dimension reduction is known to give good prediction accuracy in the context of classification with high-dimensional microarray data. In this paper, the classification procedure consisting of PLS dimension reduction and linear discriminant analysis on the new components is compared with some of the best state-of-the-art classification methods. Moreover, a boosting algorithm is applied to this classification method. In addition, a simple procedure to choose the number of PLS components is suggested. The connection between PLS dimension reduction and gene selection is examined and a property of the first PLS component for binary classification is proved. In addition, we show how PLS can be used for data visualization using real data. The whole study is based on 9 real microarray cancer data sets.
Emotionally arousing stimuli compete for attention with left hemispace

Rapid interaction of the emotional and attentional networks is critical for adaptive behavior. Here, we examined the effects of emotional stimulation on hemifield attention allocation using event-related potential and behavioral measures. Participants performed a visual-discrimination task on nonemotional targets presented randomly in the left or right hemifield. A brief task-irrelevant emotional (pleasant or unpleasant; 150-ms duration) or neutral picture was presented centrally 350 ms before the next target (150-ms duration). Unpleasant stimuli interfered with the left visual field attention capacity, slowing behavioral responses to attended left field stimuli. In keeping with the behavioral data, event-related potential responses to nonemotional attended left field stimuli were reduced over the right parietal regions when preceded by an unpleasant event. The results provide electrophysiological and behavioral evidence that unpleasant, emotionally arousing stimuli interfere with the right hemisphere-dependent attention capacity.
Warfarin Use and the Risk for Stroke and Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Dialysis

Background— Current observational studies on warfarin use and the risk for stroke and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing dialysis found conflicting results. Methods and Results— We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years admitted to a hospital with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AF, in Quebec and Ontario, Canada from 1998 to 2007. The AF cohort was grouped into dialysis (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) and nondialysis patients and into warfarin and no-warfarin users according to the first prescription filled for warfarin within 30 days after AF hospital discharge. We determined the association between warfarin use and the risk for stroke and bleeding in dialysis and nondialysis patients. The cohort comprised 1626 dialysis patients and 204 210 nondialysis patients. Among dialysis patients, 46% (756/1626) patients were prescribed warfarin. Among dialysis patients, warfarin users had more congestive heart failure and diabetes mellitus, but fewer prior bleeding events in comparison with the no-warfarin users. Among dialysis patients, warfarin use, in comparison with no-warfarin use, was not associated with a lower risk for stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.67) but was associated with a 44% higher risk for bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.85) after adjusting for potential confounders. Propensity score–adjusted analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions— Our results suggest that warfarin use is not beneficial in reducing stroke risk, but it is associated with a higher bleeding risk in patients with AF undergoing dialysis.
Adaptive Block Rearrangement Under UNIX

An adaptive UNIX disk device driver is described. To reduce seek times, the driver copies frequently‐referenced blocks from their original locations to reserved space near the center of the disk. Block reference frequencies need not be known in advance. Instead, they are estimated by monitoring the stream of arriving requests. Measurements show that the adaptive driver reduces seek times and response times substantially. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical studies on the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria.

The increased urinary oxalate excretion which is characteristic of primary hyperoxaluria causes recurrent urinary calculi and nephrocalcinosis, with death at an early age (Hall, Scowen, and Watts, 1960; Hockaday, Clayton, Frederick, and Smith, 1964), and no effective treatment for the disease has been reported. Glyoxylate is the main immediate metabolic precursor of oxalate, and if the enzyme or enzymes which catalyse the oxidation
Visualisation for model comprehension

In recognising that performance modelling is increasingly of interest to professionals who do not have a background in mathematical analysis, it is important to provide additional mechanisms by which such communities may improve their confidence in the models they evaluate accurately reflect the systems they are studying. One such community is traditional software engineering, where visualisation techniques are well established aids to understanding complex software systems. In this paper we seek to apply some basic visualisation techniques from program comprehension to some example performance models expressed in the stochastic process algebra, PEPA. An interesting side line to this work is that it provides an additional mechanism for understanding complex software systems.
Recommender System Using Clustering Based On Collaborative Filtering Approach

Recommendation process plays an important role in many applications as W.W. W. Recommender systems uses the users, items, and ratings information to predict how other users will like a particular item. An important response to the information overload problem is provided by the recommender system, as it presents users more personalized and practical information services. In the recommender systems field Collaborative Filtering (CF) is one of the most successful technique. For users based on their neighbor’s preferences Collaborative filtering creates better suggestions. Current CF suffers from poor accuracy, scalability, data sparsity and big-error prediction. As the number of users and items in recent years are growing rapidly poses some key challenges for recommender systems. In this paper, we borrow ideas of object typicality from cognitive psychology and propose a novel Object typicality-based collaborative filtering recommendation method (OTCO), It outperforms many CF recommendation methods on recommendation accuracy (in terms of MAE) in MovieLens data set, In our propose method main approach is to cluster the all items into several item groups by applying k-means clustering algorithm. To help users to search items more easily and to improve the accuracy and quality of the recommendation. KeywordsRecommender System, Collaborative Filtering (CF), Object Typicality, user group and item group.
Effect of test set size and block coverage on the fault detection effectiveness

Size and code coverage are two important attributes that characterize a set of tests. When a program P is executed on elements of a test set T, we can observe the fault-detecting capacity of T for P. We can also observe the degree to which T induces code coverage on P according to some coverage criterion. We would like to know whether it is the size of T or the coverage of T on P which determines the fault detection effectiveness (FDE) of T for P. We found that there is little or no reduction in the FDE of a test set when its size is reduced while the all-uses coverage is kept constant. These data suggest, indirectly, that coverage is more correlated than the size with the FDE. To further investigate this suggestion, we report an empirical study to compare the statistical correlation between (1) FDE and coverage, and (2) FDE and the size. Results from our experiments indicate that the correlation between FDE and block coverage is higher than that between FDE and size. <<ETX>>
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: A comprehensive and updated review

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is characterized by prostatic carcinoma cells growing within ducts and/or acini. These tumors are usually associated with a high‐grade Gleason score, large tumor volume and advanced stage. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is also a well‐known adverse independent prognostic factor regardless of treatment. Recent studies have shown that intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a distinctive disease entity that is different from invasive prostate carcinoma, which is generally invasive. Although the Gleason score does not consider intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, some cribriform prostate carcinomas graded as pattern 4 could be considered as intraductal carcinomas. The definition of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is not unified, because it can occur with or without invasive prostate carcinoma. Furthermore, diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate without invasive prostate carcinoma by needle biopsy is crucial, but is a rare event. Differential diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate includes several pathologies. This is especially true for high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, although its distinction is not always straightforward. The present review discusses the concept of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, and also describes its morphological characteristics, molecular features and clinical outcome. Given the current state of knowledge, the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate should be evaluated and documented correctly in both radical prostatectomy and needle biopsy, and the clinical implications should be taken into consideration during treatment and follow up.
Multi-objective cultural algorithms

Within a cultural context we constantly deal effectively with multiple objectives. A computational version of cultural systems, Cultural Algorithms, has been extended to deal with multi-objective optimization problems. These approaches while employing the basic framework have used only a subset of the available knowledge sources. In this paper we present an extension of Cultural Algorithms for Multi-Objective optimization, MOCAT, the fully utilizes all of the available categories of knowledge sources. The synergy of this ensemble is demonstrated through the application to an example problem and the results compared with that of other approaches in metric terms.
A New Cooperative MIMO Scheme Based on SM for Energy-Efficiency Improvement in Wireless Sensor Network

Improving the energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSN) has attracted considerable attention nowadays. The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique has been proved as a good candidate for improving the energy efficiency, but it may not be feasible in WSN which is due to the size limitation of the sensor node. As a solution, the cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (CMIMO) technique overcomes this constraint and shows a dramatically good performance. In this paper, a new CMIMO scheme based on the spatial modulation (SM) technique named CMIMO-SM is proposed for energy-efficiency improvement. We first establish the system model of CMIMO-SM. Based on this model, the transmission approach is introduced graphically. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, a detailed analysis in terms of energy consumption per bit of the proposed scheme compared with the conventional CMIMO is presented. Later, under the guide of this new scheme we extend our proposed CMIMO-SM to a multihop clustered WSN for further achieving energy efficiency by finding an optimal hop-length. Equidistant hop as the traditional scheme will be compared in this paper. Results from the simulations and numerical experiments indicate that by the use of the proposed scheme, significant savings in terms of total energy consumption can be achieved. Combining the proposed scheme with monitoring sensor node will provide a good performance in arbitrary deployed WSN such as forest fire detection system.
Filament interaction monitored by light scattering in skinned fibers

The intensity of light scattered by chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibers in relaxed, rigor, and activated states was monitored at 90 degrees to the incident beam. In the relaxed state, scattering varied in proportion to the volume of muscle in the beam. Scattering increased to 2.3 times the resting value when rigor was induced by withdrawal of MgATP or when the myofibrils were activated by the caffeine-induced release of Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The rigor-induced increase in scattering decreased monotonically when MgATP was reintroduced stepwise (0-100 microM). This decrease in scattering was accompanied by an increase in tension up to an optimum MgATP level of approximately 10 microM, and then tension decreased at higher concentrations (10-100 microM). The increase in scattering during both rigor and activation was dependent upon fiber length. At lengths when thick-thin filament overlap was near zero, the light signal due to rigor and activation fell to within 10% of the signal for the relaxed fiber at that length. The signal during rigor increased only minimally (approximately 10%) when stretch (approximately 1%) was applied. This increase in signal was small despite a measured 5- to 10-fold increase in tension and an estimated twofold increase in stiffness. Thus, the increased light scattering caused by rigor and activation depends on filament overlap and not tension, stiffness, or substrate binding.
A 32Gb/s 133mW PAM-4 transceiver with DFE based on adaptive clock phase and threshold voltage in 65nm CMOS

With the proliferation of the Internet of Things and mobile computing, network speed is accelerating to support data-rich services. This drives the explosion of bandwidth requirement on backplane interconnects while channel length and power efficiency remain intact. This paper presents a 32Gb/s PAM-4 transceiver fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process. It achieves a BER<10−12 through 23dB channel loss at 8GHz while consuming 133mW of power.
Statistical characterization of DFT-based waveform distortion evaluations in power systems

The paper deals with the statistical characterization of the so-called r.m.s. value of a harmonic subgroup defined in the Standard IEC 61000-4-7 regarding harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto. A complete statistical characterization is provided in terms of probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and statistical moments by exploiting the properties of noise propagation through the discrete Fourier transform.
Tapered slot antenna array with parallel plate waveguides

Tapered slot antennas (TSA) are adequately applicable to wideband phased array antennas due to their ultra wide bandwidths. However, a significant degradation of VSWR performance is observed when a smaller aperture is adopted to suppress grating lobes for the phased array. To overcome the difficulty, a new tapered slot antenna is proposed; tapered slot antenna with a parallel plate waveguide (PPTSA). The PPTSA is capable of providing the ultra-wide bandwidth characteristics even when the width of the aperture is less than a half wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. Major performances of a single PPTSA was presented through numerical simulations and experiments in the previous report. In this paper array performances of PPTSA is investigated. A new configuration to suppress ripples from the ground plane is proposed by introducing cut-off waveguides close to the PPTSA. Measured and calculated data for VSWR and radiation pattern are also presented.