Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Celiac sprue.

ELIAC sprue, also known as celiac disease and gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is characterized by malabsorption resulting from inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat gluten or related rye and barley proteins. There is clinical and histologic improvement on a strict gluten-free diet, and relapse when dietary gluten is reintroduced. 1 Accounts of celiac sprue date back to the first century A . D . 2 It was not until the 1940s, however, that the link to gluten ingestion was established; Dicke, a Dutch pediatrician, observed that the condition of children with celiac sprue improved during the food shortages of World War II, only to relapse after cereal supplies were restored. 3 Until fairly recently, celiac sprue was considered uncommon in the United States, with an estimated prevalence of 1 per 3000 population. 4 However, greater awareness of its presentations and the availability of new, accurate serologic tests have led to the realization that celiac sprue is relatively common, affecting 1 of every 120 to 300 persons in both Europe 5-7 and North America. 8
Management of Retained Intravitreal Lens Fragments after Phacoemulsification Surgery

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features of eyes with retained intravitreal lens fragments after phacoemulsification surgery and to assess the guidelines of management and the visual outcome after vitrectomy. Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients referred to our institute for retained intravitreal lens fragments after phacoemulsification cataract surgery were evaluated retrospectively over a 7-year period. Results: The clinical features of retained lens fragments included deceased visual acuity of 6/60 or worse (68%), uveitis (60%), glaucoma (48%), corneal edema (44%) and retinal detachment in 2 patients (8%). There were 24 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy; 1 patient was managed with medical therapy. After vitrectomy, 17 eyes (71%) showed visual improvement, and final visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 13 eyes (54%). The causes of poor final visual outcome of 6/60 or worse included retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema. The time interval between vitrectomy and phacoemulsification was within 4 weeks in 17 patients (71%), ranging from on the same day to 97 days. There was only a trend of better visual outcome in early vitrectomy patients (within 1 week). There was no statistical difference between the initial intraocular lens status and final visual acuity. Conclusion: Vitectomy with removal of retained intravitreal lens fragments is beneficial for patients with persistent uveitis and glaucoma after phacoemulsification. In the majority of patients, visual improvement was achieved after vitrectomy. However, poor visual outcome may occur secondary to retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema.
Health Care-Seeking Behavior for Childhood Diarrhea in Mirzapur, Rural Bangladesh

We evaluated patterns of health care use for diarrhea among children 0–59 months of age residing in Mirzapur, Bangladesh, using a baseline survey conducted during May–June 2007 to inform the design of a planned diarrheal etiology case/control study. Caretakers of 7.4% of 1,128 children reported a diarrheal illness in the preceding 14 days; among 95 children with diarrhea, 24.2% had blood in the stool, 12.2% received oral rehydration solution, 27.6% received homemade fluids, and none received zinc at home. Caretakers of 87.9% sought care outside the home; 49.9% from a pharmacy, and 22.1% from a hospital or health center. The primary reasons for not seeking care were maternal perception that the illness was not serious enough (74.0%) and the high cost of treatment (21.9%). To improve management of childhood diarrhea in Mirzapur, Bangladesh, it will be important to address knowledge gaps in caretakers' assessment of illness severity, appropriate home management, and when to seek care in the formal sector. In addition, consideration should be given to inclusion of the diverse care-giving settings in clinical training activities for diarrheal disease management.
Intrusion detection technique by using fuzzy ART on computer network security

The problem of computer network security is the very hard of detecting new attacks which do not have known signatures of intrusion. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is a program of monitoring the events in a computer network and analyzing them for signature of intrusions. This paper proposed the clustering technique by using hybrid method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (FART) for identifying various attacks. The PCA is applied to random selects the best attribution and reduction the feature space. FART is implementing used to classifying difference group of data, Normal and Anomalous. The results show that the proposed technique can improve the high performance of the detection rate and to minimize the false alarm rate. The evaluated our approach on the benchmark data from KDDCup'99 data set.
Long‐term observations on calcium accumulation in postischemic gerbil brain

We studied delayed postischemic calcium accumulation and neuronal damage in the gerbil brain, using 45Ca autoradiography as a marker for detection of injured tissue and light microscopy. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced for 15 min. Sham‐operated gerbils showed no abnormal calcium accumulation and neuronal damage throughout the brain. At 2 and 7 days following 15 min of ischemia, marked calcium accumulation and mild to severe neuronal damage were found in the selectively vulnerable areas such as neocortex, striatum, hippocampus and thalamus, and brainstem such as medial geniculate body, substantia nigra and inferior colliculus. After 1–2 months of recirculation, the calcium accumulation was not recognized in the brainstem. But, the accumulation was still detectable in the striatum, the hippocampus and the thalamus. Morphological study showed that marked proliferation of glia cells was rapid in the inferior colliculus and was relatively slow in the striatum and the hippocampus, although these structures were severely damaged after ischemia. The result suggests that the speed of restoration of injured tissue and the mechanisms for the damage after cerebral ischemia may be different between the selectively vulnerable areas and the brainstem. Furthermore, they suggest that 45Ca autoradiographic technique may provide a useful approach for diagnosis of the restoration of injured tissue at chronic stage following cerebral ischemia.
Epigenetic control of the expression of a primate-specific microRNA cluster in human cancer cells

Many of the known microRNAs (miRNAs) are encoded by polycistronic transcripts and are thought to be co-expressed. In this study, we discovered that the expression of a large miRNA cluster (C19MC) on human chromosome 19 is upregulated by the demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC), in AGS gastric cancer cells. We found that C19MC was rarely expressed in most cells, but its expression was restored through DNA demethylation. We confirmed that this miRNA cluster was mainly expressed in the placenta, as previously reported. Furthermore, its expression pattern was highly correlated with the methylation state of a distal CpG-rich region located about 17.6 kb upstream of the miRNA cluster. Using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and bisulfite-sequencing techniques, we determined that this CpG-rich region is hypermethylated in the AGS and HeLa cells, but hypomethylated in the placenta tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the expression pattern of the C19MC was activated in human cancer cells through demethylation of a CpG-rich region.
Self-Timed Architecture for Masked Successive Approximation Analog-to-Digital Conversion

In this paper, a novel architecture for self-timed analog-to-digital conversion is presented and designed using the NULL Convention Logic (NCL) paradigm. This analog-to-digital converter (ADC) employs successive approximation and a one-hot encoded masking technique to digitize analog signals. The architecture scales readily to any given resolution by utilizing the one-hot encoded scheme to permit identical logical components for each bit of resolution. The four-bit configuration of the proposed design has been implemented and assessed via simulation in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Furthermore, the ADC may be interfaced with either synchronous or four-phase asynchronous digital systems.
Identification of a hidden strain switch provides clues to an ancient structural mechanism in protein kinases

The protein kinase catalytic domain contains several conserved residues of unknown functions. Here, using a combination of computational and experimental approaches, we show that the function of some of these residues is to maintain the backbone geometry of the active site in a strained conformation. Specifically, we find that the backbone geometry of the catalytically important HRD motif deviates from ideality in high-resolution structures and the strained geometry results in favorable hydrogen bonds with conserved noncatalytic residues in the active site. In particular, a conserved aspartate in the F-helix hydrogen bonds to the strained HRD backbone in diverse eukaryotic and eukaryotic-like protein kinase crystal structures. Mutations that alter this hydrogen-bonding interaction impair catalytic activity in Aurora kinase. Although the backbone strain is present in most active conformations, several inactive conformations lack the strain because of a peptide flip in the HRD backbone. The peptide flip is correlated with loss of hydrogen bonds with the F-helix aspartate as well as with other interactions associated with kinase regulation. Within protein kinases that are regulated by activation loop phosphorylation, the strained residue is an arginine, which coordinates with the activation loop phosphate. Based on analysis of strain across the protein kinase superfamily, we propose a model in which backbone strain co-evolved with conserved residues for allosteric control of catalytic activity. Our studies provide new clues for the design of allosteric protein kinase inhibitors.
Accountability for Quality in Higher Education

The pre-college education system in the United States seems to be ineffective in the areas of mathematics, sciences, and verbal ability. According to comparative tests applied in different nations, American students generally qualify below several other countries. This trend is also noticed at the college level, considering the number of remedial classes being offered in any given semester. In order to improve the quality of learning among college graduates, local, state, and national assessment and accreditation efforts have been implemented. Many of these efforts derive from quality improvement models in manufacturing. However, it seems that such efforts in higher education are not producing quality in proportion to proponents’ claims or to their cost. Similar efforts have been applied in health care with equally disappointing results. This study focuses on how much administrators may be relying on easily captured but flawed data for “knowledge” of what is actually happening in higher education.
A Randomized Trial of Wraparound Facilitation Versus Usual Child Protection Services

Objective: To evaluate whether the addition of a wraparound facilitator to regular child protection services improved child and family functioning over 20 months. Method: A single blind randomized controlled trial with concealment and stratification across three sites (N = 135 eligible families with substantiated maltreatment). Results: Based on 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance and intention to treat, both groups improved in child impairments, d = −. 60 [−. 81, −. 39], caregiver psychological distress, d = −. 33 [−. 52, −. 13], and family resources, d = . 44 [. 27, . 62]. No measurable benefit was associated with the intervention (e.g., child impairments, d = .14 [−.12, .52]). However, treatment fidelity analysis revealed that many components of wraparound were either missing or present in both groups. Conclusions: The presence of a facilitator alone did not appear to improve child or family functioning if the various components of wraparound were not adequately implemented.
Cellular targets for activation by the E2F1 transcription factor include DNA synthesis- and G1/S-regulatory genes

Although a number of transfection experiments have suggested potential targets for the action of the E2F1 transcription factor, as is the case for many transcriptional regulatory proteins, the actual targets in their normal chromosomal environment have not been demonstrated. We have made use of a recombinant adenovirus containing the E2F1 cDNA to infect quiescent cells and then measure the activation of endogenous cellular genes as a consequence of E2F1 production. We find that many of the genes encoding S-phase-acting proteins previously suspected to be E2F targets, including DNA polymerase alpha, thymidylate synthase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and ribonucleotide reductase, are indeed induced by E2F1. Several other candidates, including the dihydrofolate reductase and thymidine kinase genes, were only minimally induced by E2F1. In addition to the S-phase genes, we also find that several genes believed to play regulatory roles in cell cycle progression, such as the cdc2, cyclin A, and B-myb genes, are also induced by E2F1. Moreover, the cyclin E gene is strongly induced by E2F1, thus defining an autoregulatory circuit since cyclin E-dependent kinase activity can stimulate E2F1 transcription, likely through the phosphorylation and inactivation of Rb and Rb family members. Finally, we also demonstrate that a G1 arrest brought about by gamma irradiation is overcome by the overexpression of E2F1 and that this coincides with the enhanced activation of key target genes, including the cyclin A and cyclin E genes.
Integrating IFML models and owl ontologies to derive UIs web-Apps

In recent years, many works using ontologies for generating graphical interfaces have emerged. In other hand, various UI description Models have been proposed, the most detailed and which describes well the graphical interfaces is the new OMG abstract model of user interfaces: Interaction Flow Modeling Language (IFML). In this paper, we propose a new model-driven development approach based on MDE that merges the logical description UIs components and their interactions captured with IFML in order to enhance the presentation of user interface web applications. The approach is illustrated with an example of a simple real user interface; the process starts with abstract models, in order to produce an html5 model as a target model.
Resisting small temptations in everyday transactions

Abstract The effect of age and sex on criminal and deviant behavior is well documented. The present study was an attempt to study the influence of these variables within the setting of a field experiment in Israel. Bus drivers gave passengers extra change, and an observer watched their behavior. A higher level of temptation increased the deviance among females but reduced it among males. As inflation increased during later observation periods, it was found that passengers paid less attention to the amount of change and that those who did pay attention returned it more often.
Increase in Cellular Cyclic AMP Concentrations Reverses the Profibrogenic Phenotype of Cardiac Myofibroblasts: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Cardiac Fibrosis

Tissue fibrosis is characterized by excessive production, deposition, and contraction of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The second messenger cAMP has antifibrotic effects in fibroblasts from several tissues, including cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Increased cellular cAMP levels can prevent the transformation of CFs into profibrogenic myofibroblasts, a critical step that precedes increased ECM deposition and tissue fibrosis. Here we tested two hypotheses: 1) myofibroblasts have a decreased ability to accumulate cAMP in response to G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, and 2) increasing cAMP will not only prevent, but also reverse, the myofibroblast phenotype. We found that myofibroblasts produce less cAMP in response to GPCR agonists or forskolin and have decreased expression of several adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms and increased expression of multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Furthermore, we found that forskolin-promoted increases in cAMP or N6-phenyladenosine-cAMP, a protein kinase A–selective analog, reverse the myofibroblast phenotype, as assessed by the expression of collagen Iα1, α–smooth muscle actin, plasminogen activator inhibitor–1, and cellular contractile abilities, all hallmarks of a fibrogenic state. These results indicate that: 1) altered expression of AC and PDE isoforms yield a decrease in cAMP concentrations of cardiac myofibroblasts (relative to CFs) that likely contributes to their profibrotic state, and 2) approaches to increase cAMP concentrations not only prevent fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation but also can reverse the profibrotic myofibroblastic phenotype. We conclude that therapeutic strategies designed to enhance cellular cAMP concentrations in CFs may provide a means to reverse excessive scar formation following injury and to treat cardiac fibrosis.
Norwegian og and å – a Cognitive View

Written Norwegian has two words, the co-ordinating conjunction og and the infinitive marker å, both of which are pronounced [o] in Spoken Norwegian. In this paper, an attempt is made to show that [o] in Spoken Norwegian constitutes a single polysemous word. Furthermore, it is argued that Spoken Norwegian [o], in all its usages and meanings, is a descendant of Old Norse ok “and”, while the Old Norse infinitive marker at has not survived in Spoken Norwegian.
Development of the human placenta in the first three months of gestation.

In spite of an extensive literature, going back to the eighteenth century, our knowledge of the details of the structure of the human placenta is still most fragmentary. This is due partly to the fact that much of the work published on its histology has been concerned with late stages of its development and predominantly with placentae separated from the uterus. So far as the earlier stages are concerned, individual investigators have had access only to a very limited number of specimens. Thanks to the invaluable collaboration of a number of obstetricians and pathologists over a number of years, the authors now have in their possession an extensive collection of pregnant uteri at all stages of gestation from about the 11th day after fertilization to full term. Serial sections of a part or the whole of the implantation sites and placental areas of these specimens have been prepared. Consequently the authors have been able to make a full survey of the structure of the human placenta throughout the period ofgestation. The present contribution deals with the establishment of the placenta and with its development up to the 60 mm. C.R. length foetal stage. By the end of this period, the general structure of the placenta is essentially that which it will possess throughout its later development. Our aim is to provide a general survey of the early history of the human placenta as a background to more detailed consideration, in later communications, of particular aspects of the relationship between mother and foetus. In a classical review, published in 1927, Grosser summarized the then existing knowledge of implantation and development of the placenta in Man. The early stages of human development available for study at that time were unsatisfactory. Many of the specimens were incomplete or even fragmentary. For example, only five sections of the Miller ovum (Streeter, 1926) were available for study, and some classical descriptions were undoubtedly based on pathological material (e.g. T. B. 1, Bryce & Teacher, 1908). Since Grosser's review there have been outstanding contributions on the early stages of human implantation and placental development. Especially noteworthy are the investigations of Hertig and Rock since 1941 (summarized by Hertig, Rock & Adams, 1956). To a lesser extent, a number of other investigators have also added descriptions of specimens at these stages (see Hamilton & Boyd, 1950; Hamilton, Boyd & Mossman, 1952; and Mazanec, 1959, for summaries). Additions in the last thirty years to knowledge of stages of human
Uso y abuso de Internet en jóvenes universitarios.

El objetivo del trabajo es describir el uso y/o abuso de Internet con un cuestionario adaptado de Brenner, (1997); Suler, (1996) y Young, (1996), asi como, la relacion entre frecuencia de uso y determinadas variables psicosociales de jovenes universitarios. Metodo: Participaron 391 estudiantes, 26,1% son hombres y el 73,9% son mujeres de media de edad de 19.59 anos (DT=±2.83; Rango: 18-47 anos) Utilizamos un cuestionario de variables sociodemograficas, el Cuestionario de Expresion Social (Caballo, E.V., 1993, EMES-C y EMES-M),Cuestionario de personalidad (E.P.I. Eysenck y Eysenck, 1982), y un Cuestionario de Internet y de Uso y Abuso de Internet (adaptado de Bruner, 1997, Suler, 1996 y Young, 1996a, Garcia del Castillo y Terol, 2007). Resultados: Un 73,91% de la muestra se conecta semanalmente con un tiempo medio de 84.81 minutos (DT=± 42.05). Excepto en una de las subescalas del cuestionario de uso y abuso de Internet, todas muestran coeficientes de fiabilidad ≥. 70, y puntuaciones medias inferiores a la media del rango. El uso y abuso de Internet se relaciono con el componente cognitivo de las habilidades sociales (r=.14; p=.016) y el neuroticismo (r=.-13, p=.01)
IDEA Requirements for Children with Disabilities in Faith-Based Schools

Children with disabilities enrolled by their parents in private schools do have certain rights to services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The specific requirements of IDEA for students enrolled in private schools are summarized, with an emphasis on those students enrolled in faith-based schools. Although it is clear that the extent to which IDEA does apply to children in private schools is limited, there are implications for the amount of federal flow-through funds that are available for the provision of special education services to this group of students. Specific suggestions for cooperation between public schools and private school personnel are made, with the goal of maximizing the IDEA benefits for children with disabilities in private schools.
Decision support system for the management of electricity consumption contracts for Smart Grids environment using Differential Evolution and Artificial Neural Network

The objective of this paper is to present a support system to manage electricity consumption contracts for Smart Grid environment. The system modeling uses historical data consumption and energy trading rules to find the optimal contract structure. Focused Time Lagged Feed forward Network was used to model the historical data. The global search tool Differential Evolution was used to find the best contract structure. This paper presents the use of the tool with current Brazilian pricing rules. However, to change the rules for a dynamic scenario of Smart Grid can be easily implemented. The results are satisfactory and indicate the feasibility of the system for different cases.