Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fly-ear inspired acoustic sensors for gunshot localization

The supersensitive ears of the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea have inspired researchers to develop bio-inspired directional microphone for sound localization. Although the fly ear is optimized for localizing the narrow-band calling song of crickets at 5 kHz, experiments and simulation have shown that it can amplify directional cues for a wide frequency range. In this article, a theoretical investigation is presented to study the use of fly-ear inspired directional microphones for gunshot localization. Using an equivalent 2-DOF model of the fly ear, the time responses of the fly ear structure to a typical shock wave are obtained and the associated time delay is estimated by using cross-correlation. Both near-field and far-field scenarios are considered. The simulation shows that the fly ear can greatly amplify the time delay by ~20 times, which indicates that with an interaural distance of only 1.2 mm the fly ear is able to generate a time delay comparable to that obtained by a conventional microphone pair with a separation as large as 24 mm. Since the parameters of the fly ear structure can also be tuned for muzzle blast and other impulse stimulus, fly-ear inspired acoustic sensors offers great potential for developing portable gunshot localization systems.
Human Head Modeling for Handset Antenna Design at 5 GHz Band

This paper discusses the human head modeling for the design of handset antennas at 5GHz band. The effect of the human head heterogeneity and shape on the antenna characteristics is investigated thoroughly. In addition, an attempt is also made to realize a compact structure for the human head model. For this purpose, the radiation characteristics of a dipole antenna in the presence of several head models are compared. The numerical investigations reveal that the effect of the heterogeneity and shape of the human head model on the antenna characteristics at 5GHz band is marginal. Particularly, reasonable result can be obtained even for a model of rectangular parallelepiped with the dimensions (24 mm thickness × 120 mm × 120 mm). This volume is 96% smaller than the original realistic model.
ELECTROLUMINESCENCE OF POLYMER/J-AGGREGATE COMPOSITES

Efficient electroluminescence was revealed in single-layer light-emitting diodes based on electron-hole conducting polymers containing the nanocrystalline phase of cyanine dyes (J-aggregates). These species exhibit a very narrow emission band with a maximum in the red to infrared spectrum range. The J-aggregates play an active role in the charge carrier transport of the composites.
Solving the Inverse Fractal Problem from Wavelet Analysis

We report on a wavelet-based technique for solving the inverse fractal problem. We show that one can uncover a dynamical system which leaves invariant a given fractal object from the space scale arrangement of its wavelet transform modulus maxima. Our purpose is illustrated on Bernoulli invariant measures of linear as well as non-linear "cookie-cutters". Application to period-doubling dynamical systems at the onset of chaos is reported.
Maximum conversion efficiency for the utilization of multiply scattered solar radiation

The effective temperature of diffuse solar radiation decreases by increasing the number of scatterings. In the case of flat-plate collectors the maximal efficiency of singly or multiply scattered diffuse solar radiation is 0.053. The maximal efficiency can be improved by concentration. Singly scattered radiation has a maximum efficiency of 0.573. The Petela-Landsberg and Jeter formulae give good upper bounds for the maximal efficiency of solar collectors.
Plank Problems , Hadamard Matrices and Lipschitz Maps by Oscar

Chapter 1 proves an optimal version of the plank theorem in real Hilbert spaces. Plank problems are questions concerning coverings of convex sets by planks (regions between two parallel hyperplanes). The problem treated here is related to coverings of unit balls of real Hilbert spaces by collections of planks that are symmetric about the origin. Chapter 2 discusses a connection between two combinatorial designs: 1-factorizations and Hadamard matrices. We consider 1-factorizations of complete graphs that match a given Hadamard matrix. The existence of these factorizations is established for two well-known families of Hadamard matrices: Walsh matrices and certain Paley matrices. Chapter 3 studies Markov type properties for Lp spaces for p ∈ (1, 2). The notion of Markov type was introduced by Ball and it describes the evolution of time-reversible Markov chains with a finite number of states on a given Metric space. Ball showed that there is striking connection between this property and the extension of Lipschitz maps. Exploiting this connection, we obtain some results concerning the extension of Lipschitz maps defined on Lp spaces with p ∈ [1, 2].
Single-Sourcing vs Multisourcing: An Empirical Analysis of Large IT Outsourcing Arrangements

As the IT services landscape matures, clients are increasingly adopting multisourcing arrangements that involve multiple vendors. While a large body of IS literature addresses issues of whether or not to outsource (to a single vendor), what types of contracts to use, and how to achieve optimal relational governance, little is known about the antecedents and consequents of the single vs multisourcing decision. Moreover, while conceptual and analytical models of single-sourcing vs multisourcing have been developed, there is no empirical IS research using a large-scale dataset with rigorous econometric analysis that examines the antecedents and consequents of multisourcing in the IT context. This paper fills this void, using the transaction cost economic (TCE) lens and a dataset of 49,057 large IT outsourcing arrangements that spans multiple industries and dates back 25 years. We find that there is a curvilinear relationship between number of IT services in an IT outsourcing arrangement and the likelihood of multisourcing. This relationship increases as the number of IT services increases to up to five services, and then decreases. For managers who plan to multisource IT outsourcing arrangements, this research provides guidance to minimize exchange hazards through a better understanding of the relationship between sourcing choice, client IT outsourcing capabilities, the competitiveness of the vendor landscape, and the number of IT services in an IT outsourcing arrangement. We provide empirical evidence that the choice between single sourcing and multisourcing is material to the performance of outsourcing contracts as an incorrect sourcing choice is likely to result in negative contract outcomes.
INVESTIGATION INTO THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF ZEBRAFISH A Thesis by SAVANNA SHERIDAN

iv Acknowledgments . v Dedication . vi List of Tables . vii List of Figures . ix Introduction . 1 Materials and Methods . 41 Results . 47 Discussion . 59 Work Cited . 67 Vita . 79
Time‐Domain Analyses of Dam‐Reservoir System. II: Substructure Method

Nonlinear analyses of (flexible) dam‐ (infinite) reservoir interactions require time‐domain formulations. In this paper, an exact consideration of radiation condition in the far field of the infinite reservoir and a time‐domain substructure method are presented. The proposed method can explicitly express the physical phenomena of the dam‐reservoir system. Results obtained compared very well with available exact solutions for simple geometries. Additional results with arbitrary geometrical shapes are also presented to illustrate the applicability of the method.
Analyzing Twitter for Community-Level Public Health Messaging

Funded in 2021 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Communities RISE Together (RISE) aims to increase the reach and effectiveness of messages to address vaccine hesitancy to further health equity. Twitter is a predominant social media source used by communities to share messaging and factual local information with constituents. We looked at the Twitter accounts of the organizations in 10 regional communities to examine social media communication patterns to guide how to increase messaging engagement. Specifically, we focused on Twitter post content, likes, and retweets. Our findings identified certain words—such as “food,” “older adults,” “equity,” and “covid”—that were most associated with increased likes and retweets on the platform. However, the strongest predictor of receiving likes and retweets is the number of followers. Sentiment was a significant, but not meaningful, predictor of tweet engagement.
Community Health Improvement Plans and Physical Activity Implementation Strategies: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Survey of US Local Health Departments

Objective: Community Health Improvement Plans (CHIPs) are a foundational public health practice conducted by every accredited health department in the United States. Community Health Improvement Plans may impact community-wide physical activity (PA) by implementing large-scale interventions. However, no studies have evaluated whether, or how, CHIP goals focusing on increasing PA are implemented. This study aims to understand CHIP PA goals, implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes of CHIP nationally. Design: This study was a cross-sectional online survey of CHIP implementation. Setting: A random sample of accredited local health departments nationally. Participants: Local health departments (N = 44) were invited to participate in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Constructs from Proctor's Model of Implementation Research and implementation strategies were the main outcomes assessed. Results: Most CHIPs included PA goals (72.7%). Goals most commonly focused on changing built environment and infrastructure (25.9%), increasing education and awareness (22.2%), increasing PA programming (18.5%), and partnering with health care (18.5%). Common implementation strategies used were designing and evaluating their CHIPs (72.7%) and developing relationships with stakeholders (72.7%). Respondents reported that CHIPS were able to be adopted, acceptable for the community, and feasible. Community Health Improvement Plans were also reported to be safe, yet respondents reported effectiveness lower than other constructs. Participants reported that individual-level PA was unlikely to change due to their CHIP (mean = 3.39, SD = 1.12). Conclusions: Overall, it seems that communities are choosing easily adopted, appropriate, feasible, and safe interventions that may be less effective over those that may produce large-scale improvement in PA behavior. Future research needs to be conducted on the process of CHIP implementation and the potential long-term outcomes. Community Health Improvement Plans may serve as a powerful tool to improve population health if implemented effectively.
Group selection in high-dimensional partially linear additive models

We consider the problem of simultaneous variable selection and estimation in partially linear additive models with a large number of grouped variables in the linear part and a large number of nonparametric components. In our problem, the number of grouped variables may be larger than the sample size, but the number of important groups is “small” relative to the sample size. We apply the adaptive group Lasso to select the important groups, using spline bases to approximate the nonparametric components and the group Lasso to obtain an initial consistent estimator. Under appropriate conditions, it is shown that, the group Lasso selects the number of groups which is com-parable with the underlying important groups and is estimation consistent, the adaptive group Lasso selects the correct important groups with probability converging to one as the sample size increases and is selection consistent. The results of simulation studies show that the adaptive group Lasso procedure works well with samples of moderate size. A real example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed penalized method. 1 covariate vector representing the k th group, β k is the d k × 1 vector of corresponding regression coefﬁcients, g j ’s are unknown functions of T ij , and ε i is an unobserved random variable with mean zero and ﬁnite variance σ 2 . In this model, the response variable Y is linearly related to covariates X , while its relation with covariates T is not speciﬁed up to any ﬁnite number of parameters.
Nonlinear local piezoelectric deformation in ferroelectric thin films studied by scanning force microscopy

Local piezoelectric deformation is investigated in (Pb,La)TiO3 (PLT) and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films via scanning force microscopy (SFM) as a function of the ac voltage Vac applied between the conducting tip and the bottom electrode. Thus obtained voltage dependence of the effective piezoelectric coefficient (local piezoelectric nonlinearity) is compared with the corresponding macroscopic piezoelectric behavior determined by laser interferometry. As expected, the local piezoresponse of PLT films measured inside uniformly polarized areas (ferroelectric domains) remains almost linear with increasing Vac until the driving voltage becomes comparable with the coercive one. The corresponding macroscopic response is substantially nonlinear, suggesting significant contribution from the motion of 90° domain walls. On the contrary, in PZT films the local piezoelectric behavior is strongly nonlinear, whereas the macroscopic piezoelectric coefficient is almost field independent. Moreover, depending on the polarity o.
A variational approach to the Dirichlet boundary condition: application to confined H−, He and Li

The Rayleigh–Ritz variational approach is widely used to study confined systems with a Dirichlet boundary condition. To exploit this approach, we first derive a general and a simple expression for the energy functional which takes into account the confinement boundary condition that the wavefunction vanishes on a defined surface. This simple functional allows a straightforward variational optimization of any trial function including a cut-off factor fulfilling the Dirichlet boundary conditions. To illustrate the method, we propose a three-parameter correlated wavefunction for confined two- and three-electron systems located at the centre of an impenetrable spherical cavity. In addition, we also carry out a study on the effect of dimensionality of the confinement by considering a helium atom located on the axis of a cylinder which is confined along the transverse direction but free along the axis of the cylinder resulting in a two-dimensional confinement. An exponential cut-off function is used that ensures the satisfaction of the Dirichlet boundary condition and the cusp conditions related to the regular singularities of the Coulomb field. This function is different from the frequently employed linear and quadratic forms and is suitable for both small and large values of the cavity radius rc. We employ this correlated wavefunction to perform variational calculations of ground-state energies of H− ion, He, and Li atoms. We find that the electron–electron and electron–nucleus interactions are accurately described by a Handy–Jastrow factor. The results show that the electron–electron interaction is almost independent of the radius of confinement rc, whereas the electron–nucleus interaction is strongly dependent on the confinement.
Characterization of Finite Frequency Properties for n-Dimensional Behaviors Using Quadratic Differential Forms

Many of practical design specifications are provided by finite frequency properties described by inequalities over restricted finite frequency intervals. In this paper, we consider a characterization of the finite frequency domain inequalities (FFDIs) for n-dimensional systems from a view point of dissipation theory using quadratic differential forms (QDFs), which are useful algebraic tools for the dissipation theory based on the behavioral approach. The QDFs allow us to derive a clear characterization of the FFDIs using some inequality analogous to dissipation inequality with a compensating rate and an inequality of an integral of the supply rate with a matrix integral quadratic constraint as a main result. This characterization leads to a physical interpretation in terms of dissipativity for subbehavior with some rate constraints. We also show how we resolve a difficulty on the expression of a compensating rate peculiar to n-dimensional systems. The results of this paper can be regarded as a finite frequency version for the characterizations of frequency properties over the entire frequency domain due to Pillai and Willems (2002).
An Analytic Framework for the supercritical Lane Emden Equation and its Gradient Flow

The natural setting for the Lane-Emden equation −∆u = |u|u on a domain Ω ⊂ R, n ≥ 3, for supercritical exponents p > 2 = 2n/(n − 2) is identified as the space of functions u ∈ H 0 ∩L(Ω) with finite scale-invariant Morrey norms. We show that this Morrey regularity is propagated by the heat flow associated with this equation, and we study the blow-up profiles.
Two-photon cryomicroscope

We report on a new two-photon cryomicroscope which consist of a compact laser-scanning microscope combined with a motorized heating and freezing stage. Samples can be cooled down to -196 °C (77 K) and heated up to 600 °C (873 K) with adjustable heating/freezing rates between 0.01 K / min and 150 K / min. Two-photon imaging is realized by near infrared femtosecond-laser pulse excitation. The abilities of the two-photon cryomicroscope are illustrated in several measurements: imaging of fluorescent microspheres inside a piece of ice illustrates the feasibility of deep-microscopic imaging inside frozen sample. The temperature-dependent structural integrity of collagen is monitored by detection of second harmonic generation signals from porcine cornea. The measurements reveal also the dependence of the collagendenaturation temperature on hydration state of the cornea collagen. Furthermore, the potential of the two-photon cryomicroscope for optimization of freezing and thawing procedures as well as to evaluate the viability of frozen cells and tissue is discussed.
Density gradient stabilization of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability

Numerical and analytical results on the growth rate of the Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability in continuous density profiles are presented, and this paper relates them to the Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability by treating the shock as an instantaneous acceleration of incompressible fluids. Most of this work is in the linear regime, where it is found that density gradient stabilization is even more effective for the RM instability than for the RT instability. Recent experimental results are discussed and a numerical simulation of a shock‐tube experiment with a continuous density profile between two gases is presented.
Turbulent self‐diffusion

A method relating Lagrangian and Eulerian statistics for the diffusion of a particle in a homogeneous stationary velocity field, which was developed for plasma diffusion by Taylor and McNamara and further explained by Montgomery, is shown to be equivalent to a method proposed by Corrsin and used by Saffman. The results are compared with numerical simulations with good agreement for velocity fields which have properties similar to real turbulence.
TheFPm-Conjecture for a Class of Metabelian Groups

Abstract We prove that ifA→G→Qis a short exact sequence of groups whereGis finitely generated,AandQare abelian,Ais a2-torsion Krull dimension one3Q-module via conjugation then theFPm-Conjecture holds. In general ifGis of typeFPmand either the extension is split orAis4-torsion we show thatAism-tame as5Q-module.
Perturbations of KdV with Exotic Spatial Asymptotics

Given a suitable solution V (t, x) to the Korteweg–de Vries equation on the real line, we prove global well-posedness for initial data u(0, x) ∈ V (0, x) + H−1(R). Our conditions on V do include regularity but do not impose any assumptions on spatial asymptotics.We show that periodic profiles V (0, x) ∈ H5(R/Z) satisfy our hypotheses. In particular, we can treat localized perturbations of the much-studied periodic traveling wave solutions (cnoidal waves) of KdV. In the companion paper Laurens (Nonlinearity. 35(1):343–387, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ac37f5) we show that smooth step-like initial data also satisfy our hypotheses. We employ the method of commuting flows introduced in Killip and Vişan (Ann. Math. (2) 190(1):249–305, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4007/annals.2019. 190.1. 4) where V ≡ 0. In that setting, it is known that H−1(R) is sharp in the class of Hs(R) spaces.
Electrical characteristics and efficiency of single-layer organic light-emitting diodes

We have measured the electrical characteristics and the efficiencies of single-layer organic light-emitting diodes based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV), with Au anodes and Ca, Al, and Au cathodes. We show that proper accounting of the built-in potential leads to a consistent description of the current-voltage data. For the case of Au and Al cathodes, the current under forward bias is dominated by holes injected from the anode and is space-charge limited with a field-dependent hole mobility. The Ca cathode is capable of injecting a space-charge-limited electron current. © 1998 The American Physical Society.
Two‐photon stereolithography for realizing ultraprecise three‐dimensional nano/microdevices

Two‐photon stereolithography (TPS) provides many advantages for achieving two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) micrometer‐scale polymeric, ceramic and metallic structures applicable to complicated optical and neo‐electronic microdevices. In the fabrication of high‐resolution 3D microstructures, TPS has significant advantages over conventional microelectromechanical system (MEMS) processing, which involves time‐consuming multistep indirect fabrication processes. Many studies have recently been made to develop and improve the TPS process, focusing on creating greater efficiency, higher resolution, and greater productivity, which are essential requirements of a practical TPS process. For the first time, an artistic microstructure has recently been successfully produced with an ultraprecise spatial resolution, sub‐30 nm nanofibers, 3D multilayer imprint stamps for mass production, and ceramic 3D microstructures. In this review, we report the progress of two‐photon polymerization based on 3D microfabrication, including the results obtained from the original research. This report is presented in three sections: improvement of resolution, precise design schemes, and applications of 3D microstructures.
Bulk microphysics parametrization of ice fraction for application in climate models

Using in situ aircraft measurements of cloud microphysical properties collected in extratropical stratiform clouds during several field programs, a parametrization of the ice‐particle spectrum that includes small ice particles has been developed. This parametrization has been tested using a single prognostic equation developed by Tremblay et al. (1996) for application in a regional model. The addition of small ice‐particles significantly increases the vapour deposition‐rate when the natural atmosphere is assumed to be water saturated, and thus enhances the glaciation of simulated mixed‐phase cloud via the Bergeron–Findeisen process without significantly affecting the other cloud microphysical processes such as riming and particle‐sedimentation rates. After the water vapour pressure in mixed‐phase cloud was modified, based on the scheme of Lord et al. (1984), by weighting the saturation water vapour pressure with ice fraction, it was possible to simulate a more stable mixed‐phase cloud. It was also noted that the ice‐particle concentration (maximum dimension L > 100 µm ) in mixed‐phase cloud is lower on average by a factor of three, and, consequently, the parametrization should be corrected for this effect. After accounting for this effect, the parametrized ice‐fraction agreed well with observation. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society