Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infusing known operators in convolutional neural networks for lateral strain imaging in ultrasound elastography

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been employed for displacement estimation in ultrasound elastography (USE). High-quality axial strains (derivative of the axial displacement in the axial direction) can be estimated by the proposed networks. In contrast to axial strain, lateral strain, which is highly required in Poisson’s ratio imaging and elasticity reconstruction, has a poor quality. The main causes include low sampling frequency, limited motion, and lack of phase information in the lateral direction. Recently, physically inspired constraint in unsupervised regularized elastography (PIC-TURE) has been proposed. This method took into account the range of the feasible lateral strain deﬁned by the rules of physics of motion and employed a regularization strategy to improve the lateral strains. Despite the substantial improvement, the regularization was only applied during the training; hence it did not guarantee during the test that the lateral strain is within the feasible range. Furthermore, only the feasible range was employed, other constraints such as incompress-ibility were not investigated. In this paper, we address these two issues and propose kPICTURE in which two iterative algorithms were infused into the network architecture in the form of known operators to ensure the lateral strain is within the feasible range and impose incompressibility during the test phase.
Paleomagnetism of Jurassic carbonate rocks from Sardinia: No indication of post‐Jurassic internal block rotations

[1] Several paleomagnetic studies on Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary and volcanic rocks from Sardinia and Corsica have recently demonstrated (1) the tectonic coherence between southern Corsica and northern Sardinia and (2) significant rotations between individual crustal blocks within Sardinia itself. The geodynamic significance of these rotations, however, is not clearly understood mainly because of uncertainties in defining their timing and causes. In order to contribute to these issues, a pioneering paleomagnetic study on Jurassic carbonates from the Baronie-Supramonte region of eastern-central Sardinia has been extended regionally and stratigraphically. A total of 280 oriented drill cores were taken from 44 sites of Middle and Late Jurassic age in the Nurra, Baronie-Supramonte, Barbagia-Sarcidano, and Sulcis regions. Despite generally weak remanent magnetization intensities, on the order of less than 1 mA/m, thermal and alternating field demagnetizations were successfully applied to define a characteristic remanent magnetization component in about 60% of the samples. Site mean directions show rather good agreement after correction for bedding tilt and yield Middle and Late Jurassic overall mean directions of D = 269.7° and I = 45.0° (α95 = 8.0°, k = 14, and n = 25 sites) and D = 275.5° and I = 50.7° (α95 = 7.2°, k = 45.3, and n = 10 sites). Positive regional and local fold and reversal tests demonstrate the primary character of the natural magnetic remanence, which is carried by magnetite. These results indicate only insignificant amounts (±10°) of post-Jurassic rotations within the island of Sardinia. The resulting Middle and Late Jurassic paleopoles (latitude (Lat) = 16.5°, longitude (Long) = 299.1°, dp = 6.4°, and dm = 10.1° and Lat = 23.4°, Long = 301.2°, dp = 6.5°, and dm = 9.7°), corrected for the opening of (1) the Liguro-Provencal Basin and (2) the Bay of Biscay using rotation parameters from the literature, fall near the coeval segment of the European apparent polar wander path. These results constrain the timing of large differential block rotations found in Late Carboniferous-Permian rocks to a pre–Middle Jurassic age and lead us to exclude tectonics related to the Alpine orogeny for such rotations.
Modular Recoverable Mutual Exclusion Under System-Wide Failures

Recoverable mutual exclusion (RME) is a fault-tolerant variation of Dijkstra’s classic mutual exclusion (ME) problem that allows processes to fail by crashing as long as they recover eventually. A growing body of literature on this topic, starting with the problem formulation by Golab and Ramaraju (PODC’16), examines the cost of solving the RME problem, which is quantified by counting the expensive shared memory operations called remote memory references (RMRs), under a variety of conditions. Published results show that the RMR complexity of RME algorithms, among other factors, depends crucially on the failure model used: individual process versus system-wide. Recent work by Golab and Hendler (PODC’18) also suggests that explicit failure detection can be helpful in attaining constant RMR solutions to the RME problem in the system-wide failure model. Follow-up work by Jayanti, Jayanti, and Joshi (SPAA’23) shows that such a solution exists even without employing a failure detector, albeit this solution uses a more complex algorithmic approach. In this work, we dive deeper into the study of RMR-optimal RME algorithms for the system-wide failure model, and present contributions along multiple directions. First, we introduce the notion of withdrawing from a lock acquisition rather than resetting the lock. We use this notion to design a withdrawable RME algorithm with optimal O (1) RMR complexity for both cache-coherent (CC) and distributed shared memory (DSM) models in a modular way without using an explicit failure detector. In some sense, our technique marries the simplicity of Golab and Hendler’s algorithm with Jayanti, Jayanti and Joshi’s weaker system model. Second, we present a variation of our algorithm that supports fully dynamic process participation ( i.e. , both joining and leaving) in the CC model, while maintaining its constant RMR complexity. We show experimentally that our algorithm is substantially faster than Jayanti, Jayanti
Identification and filtering of rainfall and ground radar echoes using textural features

This study deals with the identification of precipitation and ground echoes in radar images using their textural features. The images were collected by meteorological radars in the regions of Setif (Algeria) and Bordeaux (France). Two kinds of texture-based techniques have been considered, consisting in calculating either the histograms of grey levels or the histograms of their sum and difference. Hence, the first-order probability distributions were found to be sufficient to account for the textural features of radar images. Energy is found to be the textural parameter that clearly distinguishes between precipitation and ground echoes. With both methods, fixed ground echoes and anaprops are efficiently rejected, whereas precipitation echoes are kept almost unchanged. These methods have the advantages of effectiveness and simplicity. The threshold of discrimination is independent of the geographical and climatic conditions in the regions under study. Because the computation time needed by these techniques is small, the radar images can be processed in real-time.
A Hybrid Authenticated Group Key Agreement Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

a new hybrid authenticated group key agreement protocol is designed for resource-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in this paper. The hybrid protocol reduces the high cost public-key operations at the sensor side and replaces them with efficient symmetric-key based operations. In addition the protocol provides strong security services. To ensure the protocol is feasible in resource-constrained WSNs, it is implemented and evaluated in MICAz and TelosB sensor nodes.
A High-Resolution Global Sea Surface Temperature Climatology for the 1961–90 Base Period

Abstract In an earlier study (Reynolds and Smith), a monthly 1° SST climatology was produced for the 1950–79 base period. This climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: a 2° SST climatology developed from in situ data for the period 1950–79, and a 1° SST climatology for the period 1982–93 derived from an optimum interpolation SST analysis that uses in situ and satellite data. Since then a new 2° spatial resolution near-global SST analysis has been developed, which can produce a similar high-resolution climatology for any base period within the analysis period (1950–92). In this note the procedure is utilized to change the base period to 1961–90, which is the climatological base period suggested by the World Meteorological Organization. The method is nearly identical to that used in the earlier study except for the formation of the 2° climatology from new analyses. The results show that the change in the climatology is generally small with absolute differences usually less than 0.2°C.
Certified Round Complexity of Self-Stabilizing Algorithms

A proof assistant is an appropriate tool to write sound proofs. The need of such tools in distributed computing grows over the years due to the scientific progress that leads algorithmic designers to consider always more difficult problems. In that spirit, the PADEC Coq library has been developed to certify self-stabilizing algorithms. Efficiency of self-stabilizing algorithms is mainly evaluated by comparing their stabilization times in rounds , the time unit that is primarily used in the self-stabilizing area. In this paper, we introduce the notion of rounds in the PADEC library together with several formal tools to help the certification of the complexity analysis of self-stabilizing algorithms. We validate our approach by certifying the stabilization time in rounds of the classical Dolev et al ’s self-stabilizing Breadth-first Search spanning tree construction.
Global characterization of cirrus clouds using CALIPSO data

[1] A global and seasonal distribution of cirrus clouds is presented herein on the basis of measurements made by the lidar aboard the Earth-orbiting Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite launched in April 2006. The latitude-longitude and vertical distributions of occurrence frequency of cirrus clouds measured by CALIPSO from June 2006 to June 2007 are presented. The investigation of top-layer cirrus clouds shows maximum-occurrence frequency of up to 70% near the tropics over the 100°–180°E longitude band. The results show large latitudinal movement of cirrus cloud cover with the changing seasons. The examination of the vertical distribution of cirrus clouds shows the maximum of cirrus top-altitude occurrence frequency of approximately 11% at 16 km in the tropics. There are no significant differences in vertical distributions of occurrence frequency of cirrus clouds in the Northern and Southern hemispheric midlatitudes. At latitudes 20°N to 60°N, the maximum frequency of the cirrus top and base altitudes is about 5.1% at 11 and 8 km, respectively.
FocalUNETR: A Focal Transformer for Boundary-aware Segmentation of CT Images

Computed Tomography (CT) based precise prostate segmentation for treatment planning is challenging due to (1) the unclear boundary of prostate derived from CT’s poor soft tissue contrast, and (2) the limitation of convolutional neural network based models in capturing long-range global context. Here we propose a focal transformer based image segmentation architecture to eﬀectively and eﬃciently extract lo-cal visual features and global context from CT images. Furthermore, we design a main segmentation task and an auxiliary boundary-induced label regression task as regularization to simultaneously optimize segmentation results and mitigate the unclear boundary eﬀect, particularly in unseen data set. Extensive experiments on a large data set of 400 prostate CT scans demonstrate the superior performance of our focal transformer to the competing methods on the prostate segmentation task.
KI-Zeitschrift-Auszug als Leseprobe

The recent success of social networks such as Friendster or Facebook with their millions of users led to the question on whether recommender systems can benefit from this data. The central idea of the approach described in the thesis consists in exploiting information from social trust networks in order to to enhance document recommendations and document rankings. For example, documents authored by untrustworthy sources can be filtered efficiently. In addition, rankings of search engine results can be personalized by considering trust relationship information in structure-based visibility measures. The thesis introduces therefore a multi-layer architecture consisting of social networks, especially trust networks and document reference networks and develops a set of measures on these multi-layer networks.
Efectos de la radiación ultravioleta (UV) en la inducción de mutaciones de p53 en tumores de piel

Skin cancer is presently the most frequent type of human cancer, showing in addition an increasing incidence in the last years. The excessive exposure to the sunlight ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with non-melanoma skin cancers, while such an association is not so apparent in melanoma. The hallmark of UV radiation in non-melanoma skin tumors is the high frequency of transition mutations at dipyrimidine sequences of relevant genes as p53. The accumulation of UV-induced p53 mutations seems to be critical in the development of skin cancer.
Simultaneous skeletonization and graph description of airway trees in 3D CT images

Résumé – L’objectif de ce travail est de générer une description symbolique d’arbres bronchiques à partir d’images scanner 3D acquises dans des conditions de ventilation différentes, aﬁn de pouvoir comparer ces arbres entre eux. La méthode s’applique au résultat binaire d’un algorithme de segmentation. Son originalité réside dans une utilisation exhaustive de l’algorithme de Dijkstra et notamment dans une technique originale de détection de points terminaux qui permet d’extraire le squelette et de détecter les bifurcations en une seule passe pendant le parcours inverse du graphe à partir de ces points. Les résultats préliminaires montrent que la méthode proposée est très bien adaptée à l’application visée. Abstract – The goal of this work is to generate a symbolic description of the airway trees from 3D CT images acquired at different ventilation conditions, in order to compare these trees to each other. The method applies to the binary result of a segmentation algorithm. Its originality resides in a comprehensive use of the Dijkstra’s algorithm, namely in a novel technique used to detect the end-points. This technique enables us to extract the skeleton and to detect the bifurcations in a single pass during backtracking from these points. Preliminary results show that the method proposed is well-suited for the intended application.
Linkages Between Mineral Element Composition of Soils and Sediments With Hyporheic Zone Dissolved Organic Matter Chemistry Across the Contiguous United States

The hyporheic zone is a hotspot for biogeochemical cycling where interactions with mineral metals preserve the release and biodegradation of organic matter (OM). A small fraction of OM can still be exchanged between localized sediments and the overlying water column, and recent evidence suggests there exists a longitudinal structuring in sediment dissolved OM (DOM) chemistry across the continental United States (CONUS). In this study, we tested a hypothesis that water extractable sediment DOM chemistry could be explained by sediment metal contents and integrative watershed scale features at the CONUS scale. Crowdsourced samples were characterized for high resolution mass spectrometry and coupled with sediment metals determined via x‐ray fluorescence as well as with land cover and soil elemental information obtained from national databases. Our results highlight weak relationships between DOM chemistry and elemental composition at the CONUS scale indicating limited transferability of organo‐metal linkages into multi‐scale hydrobiogeochemical models.
Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion (Collected Works)

This book presents the recent theoretical advances and applications of the Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) of plausible and paradoxical reasoning for information fusion. DSmT proposes a new mathematical framework to deal with the combination of uncertain, imprecise and highly conflicting sources of information expressed in terms of generalized basic belief functions. DSmT works beyond the limits of the Dempster-Shafer Theory and proposes a new general rule of combination which does not require a normalization step and works with any models (free DSm, hybrid DSm and Shafer's model) whatever the degree of conflict between sources is. The DSmT is well adapted for static and dynamic fusion problematics and allows to work on any finite frames (discrete, continuous and/or hybrid). Therefore it can combine belief functions even if the refinement of the frame of discernment is inaccessible because of the vague, relative, and imprecise intrinsic nature of its elements. Part 1 of this book presents in details the last investigations on DSmT but also some related theoretical works with other approaches for information fusion. Part 2 of the book presents interesting applications of DSmT for solving both academic fusion problems and real-world fusion problems. Collected works are by S. Corgne, F. Dambreville, M. Daniel, D. De Brucq, J. Dezert, M. Farooq, L. Hubert-Moy, A. -L. Jousselme, S. Kadambe, M. Khoshnevisan, P. D. Konstantinova, P. Maupin, G. Mercier, T. A. Semerdjiev, F. Smarandache, H. Sun, A. P. Tchamova. The book has been launched in June at the Fusion 2004 Conference in Stockholm, Sweden. A second volume about new applications and developments of DSmT (Dezert-Smarandache Theory of plausible, uncertain, and paradoxist information) will be published next year. Anybody is invited to contribute papers or chapters for this second collective book. Deadline: Fall 2005. Contributed papers should be sent to Dr. Jean Dezert (jean.dezert@onera.fr, jdezert@yahoo.com, ONERA - French National Establishment for Aerospace Research, BP 72 F-92322, Chatillon Cedex, France) and Prof. Florentin Smarandache (smarand@unm.edu, University of New Mexico, 200 College Road, Gallup, NM 87301, USA).
Near‐infrared spectrum of an aurora

The spectrum of an aurora has been obtained at moderately high resolution by using a wide-field interferometer-spectrometer. The free spectral range was from 0.83 to 1.67 µm at a midrange resolving power of about 1800. The principal auroral features observed during an IBC III+ breakup on the night of April 19, 1974, at Chatanika, Alaska, were the N2+ Meinel bands, the N2 first positive bands, and certain atomic O and N emission lines. Comparisons of the auroral spectra are made with both high-latitude airglow and laboratory spectra taken by the same instrument.
Tetrapod and invertebrate trace fossils from aeolian deposits of the lower Permian of central-western Argentina

Abundant tetrapod footprints are described from the Early Permian Yacimiento Los Reyunos Formation including both collected and in situ specimens. The slabs come from several quarries at the Sierra Pintada and Sierra de las Peñas area, south-west of Mendoza, Argentina. The trace fossil assemblage, which constitutes one of the oldest known from Gondwana, comprises excellent-preserved tetrapod tracks (Chelichnusduncani, Chelichnusgigas and ‘pear-like’ footprints) and invertebrate simple sub-horizontal (Palaeophycustubularis) and vertical (Skolithos isp.) burrows formed in a aeolian dune field. The analysis of the tetrapod track producers indicates the presence of at least three different taxa of sprawling to semi-erect therapsids, thus suggesting the presence of members of this clade, or closest relatives, in the Early Permian of southern Gondwana. Moreover, a series of measurements and simple indexes were developed to estimate body proportions and locomotion styles of the putative trackmakers. The new assemblage, analysed in the context of other known Permian assemblages from Pangea, is one the few known in Gondwana to be present in an aeolian environment. The evaluation of the assemblage, in the light of aeolian ichnofacies (Chelichnus, Octopodichnus and Entradichnus), shows that it has common elements with the Chelichnus and Entradichnus ichnofacies.
Long‐term trend of precipitation and runoff in Korean river basins

The spatial and temporal variations of precipitation and runoff for 139 basins in South Korea were investigated for 34 years (1968–2001). The Precipitation‐Runoff Modelling System (PRMS) was selected for the assessment of basin hydrologic response to varying climates and physiology. A non‐parametric Mann–Kendall's test and regression analysis are used to detect trends in annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and runoff, while Moran's I is adapted to determine the degree of spatial dependence in runoff trend among the basins. The results indicated that the long‐term trends in annual precipitation and runoff were increased in northern regions and decreased in south‐western regions of the study area during the study period. The non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test showed that spring streamflow was decreasing, while summer streamflow was increasing. April precipitation decreased between 15% and 74% for basins located in south‐western part of the Korean peninsula. June precipitation increased between 18% and 180% for the majority of the basins. Trends in seasonal and monthly streamflow show similar patterns compared to trends in precipitation. Decreases in spring runoff are associated with decreases in spring precipitation which, accompanied by rising temperatures, are responsible for reducing soil moisture. The regional patterns of precipitation and runoff changes show a strong to moderate positive spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that there is a high potential for severe spring drought and summer flooding in some parts of Korea if these trends continue in the future. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The accuracy of seismic estimates of dynamic strains: An evaluation using strainmeter and seismometer data from Piñon Flat observatory, California

Abstract The dynamic strains associated with seismic waves may play a significant role in earthquake triggering, hydrological and magmatic changes, earthquake damage, and ground failure. We determine how accurately dynamic strains may be estimated from seismometer data and elastic-wave theory by comparing such estimated strains with strains measured on a three-component long-base strainmeter system at Pinon Flat, California. We quantify the uncertainties and errors through cross-spectral analysis of data from three regional earthquakes (the M 0 = 4 × 10 17 N-m St. George, Utah; M 0 = 4 × 10 17 N-m Little Skull Mountain, Nevada; and M 0 = 1 × 10 19 N-m Northridge, California, events at distances of 470, 345, and 206 km, respectively). Our analysis indicates that in most cases the phase of the estimated strain matches that of the observed strain quite well (to within the uncertainties, which are about ±0.1 to ±0.2 cycles). However, the amplitudes are often systematically off, at levels exceeding the uncertainties (about 20%); in one case, the predicted strain amplitudes are nearly twice those observed. We also observe significant ɛ φφ strains ( φ = tangential direction), which should be zero theoretically; in the worst case, the rms ɛ φφ strain exceeds the other nonzero components. These nonzero ɛ φφ strains cannot be caused by deviations of the surface-wave propagation paths from the expected azimuth or by departures from the plane-wave approximation. We believe that distortion of the strain field by topography or material heterogeneities give rise to these complexities.