Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Culture in Leaders Leading

Leadership today and in the foreseeable future consists of multiple relationships, a variety of partnering with each having its distinct characteristics: unique demands, values, and tensions. In many organizations, such informal partnerships based on converging ideas would have been considered disruptive of the basic power structure, illegitimate given the chain of command and initiatives made a commitment to the strategic objectives or culture of the organization. National culture influencing choice of leadership style. Leadership in organizations has a specific focus on managerial leadership in organizations and must be an attempt at bridging the gulf between culture and management. Leading by culture are making work, productions and projects which show different ways of thinking, feeling and experiencing the world - bringing dynamism to the economy and wider society. In this paper, we have tried to describe leadership and culture. And explain the leading in content of culture. For this purpose, we have expressed leadership component and culture components and the role of culture in leaders leading.
Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization: effectiveness of absolute ethanol infusion with balloon catheter in a pig model

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of portal vein embolization (PVE) with absolute ethanol using multidetector‐row computed tomography (CT) angiography in a pig model. Material and Methods: Percutaneous transhepatic PVE with 10 ml absolute ethanol was performed in liver segments (n = 5) or subsegments (n = 5) in 10 pigs. CT images and volumetric data were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed to determine future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy and to correlate with histopathologic changes 2–6 weeks after PVE. Effectiveness evaluation was based on changes in absolute FLR size and ratio of FLR to total estimated liver volume (TELV). Results: Occlusion of the embolized vessel was achieved immediately after injecting absolute ethanol within a range of 0.25–0.33 ml/kg. The TELV prior to PVE was 660.49±103.66 cm3 (range 527.22 to 833.70 cm3) and after PVE 769.51±29.36 cm3 (range 685.95 to 887.34 cm3). The mean FLR/TELV ratio increase after PVE was 14.2%. No statistically significant difference was found in the increase of TELV between segmental or subsegmental PVE. On microscopic observation, atrophy of the embolized liver was noted in all animals and was seen distinctly at 3 weeks after PVE in 2 animals. Conclusion: Both regenerative response and histopathologic changes of the liver were seen after PVE with absolute ethanol with a mean FLR/TELV ratio of 14.2%.
A Randomized Comparison of Infraclavicular and Supraclavicular Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Postoperative Analgesia

Background: Although the efficacy of single-injection supraclavicular nerve blocks is well established, no controlled study of continuous supraclavicular blocks is available, and their relative risks and benefits remain unknown. In contrast, the analgesia provided by continuous infraclavicular nerve blocks has been validated in randomized controlled trials. We therefore compared supraclavicular with infraclavicular perineural local anesthetic infusion following distal upper-extremity surgery. Methods: Preoperatively, subjects were randomly assigned to receive a brachial plexus perineural catheter in either the infraclavicular or supraclavicular location using an ultrasound-guided nonstimulating catheter technique. Postoperatively, subjects were discharged home with a portable pump (400-mL reservoir) infusing 0.2% ropivacaine (basal rate of 8 mL/hr; 4-mL bolus dose; 30-min lockout interval). Subjects were followed up by telephone on an outpatient basis. The primary outcome was the average pain score on the day after surgery. Results: Sixty subjects were enrolled, with 31 and 29 randomized to receive an infraclavicular and supraclavicular catheter, respectively. All perineural catheters were successfully placed per protocol. Because of protocol violations and missing data, an intention-to-treat analysis was not used; rather, only subjects with catheters in situ and whom we were able to contact were included in the analyses. The day after surgery, subjects in the infraclavicular group reported average pain as median of 2.0 (10th-90th percentiles, 0.5-6.0) compared with 4.0 (10th-90th percentiles, 0.6-7.7) in the supraclavicular group (P = 0.025). Similarly, least pain scores (numeric rating scale) on postoperative day 1 were lower in the infraclavicular group compared with the supraclavicular group (0.5 [10th-90th percentiles, 0.0-3.5] vs 2.0 [10th-90th percentiles, 0.0-4.7], respectively; P = 0.040). Subjects in the infraclavicular group required less rescue oral analgesic (oxycodone, in milligrams) for breakthrough pain in the 18 to 24 hrs after surgery compared with the supraclavicular group (0.0 [10th-90th percentiles, 0.0-5.0] vs 5.0 [10th-90th percentiles, 0.0-15.0], respectively; P = 0.048). There were no statistically significant differences in other secondary outcomes. Conclusions: A local anesthetic infusion via an infraclavicular perineural catheter provides superior analgesia compared with a supraclavicular perineural catheter.
Beyond Gait Speed: A Case Report of a Multidimensional Approach to Locomotor Rehabilitation Outcomes in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Background: The efficacy of locomotor rehabilitation studies has largely been based on clinical measures of gait speed and walking performance. Although critical, gait speed does not fully capture the multidimensional benefits associated with walking recovery. The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) model of rehabilitation emphasizes the role of personal and environmental factors in affecting quality of life and personal health status and advocates a broad approach in the assessment and treatment of people with disabling conditions. Objective: The purpose of this case report is to describe a multidimensional approach to outcome measurement reflecting the ICF model. Subject: The participant was a 59-year-old man with C7 American Spinal Injury Association impairment D tetraplegia, 16 months after injury. Intervention: The participant completed a 45-session, five days per week locomotor training program. Comprehensive evaluations were completed pre- and post-training targeting all elements of the ICF model. Outcomes: The participant achieved negligible increases in gait speed, but increased self-elected walking activity from 26 steps per day to 1273 steps per day. His assistive device changed from a platform to a rolling walker, representing a Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI) increase from 8/20 to 13/20. Qualitative interviews illustrated an attitudinal shift, leading to improved motivation, confidence, self-esteem, problem-solving, and increased activities/participation in the community. Ultimately, the participant was able to transition from nursing home placement to living independently. Conclusions: This case report emphasizes the need to move beyond traditional models for evaluation at the impairment and clinical level to examine the effects of interventions on independence, community integration, and quality of life.
Social Media and Development: Understanding NGO practices and perceptions

The goal of this study is to identify the perspectives that development NGOs attribute to organisational social media, and furthermore elaborate on an appropriate categorisation of these perspectives for social media use by development NGOs. How social media is used in the area of development, where the use goes far beyond the private sector purpose of publicity and converting a sale, is a key issue for NGOs. Fourteen development NGOs from the Netherlands that are actively using social media were selected for this study. Interviews were conducted to collect data from the decision makers and practitioners in these organisations. The grounded theory method combined with a multiple case study was applied for data analysis. The resulting preliminary framework presents us with four emerging perspectives, namely Technological, Individual, Collective and Contextual perspectives attributed to organisational social media use. We theorise that there are relationships between these four perspectives. This paper suggests that the understanding of (organisational) social media use among development NGOs can be better understood by identifying these perspectives and their inter-relationships. The implications of these findings for the literature on affordances and organisational social media use in the context of development and NGOs are discussed.
Virtual topology partitioning towards an efficient failure recovery of software defined networks

Software Defined Networking is a new networking paradigm that has emerged recently as a promising solution for tackling the inflexibility of the classical IP networks. The centralized approach of SDN yields a broad area for intelligence to optimise the network at various levels. Fault tolerance is considered one of the most current research challenges that facing the SDN, hence, in this paper we introduce a new method that computes an alternative paths re-actively for centrally controlled networks like SDN. The proposed method aims to reduce the update operation cost that the SDN network controller would spend in order to recover from a single link failure. Through utilising the principle of community detection, we define a new network model for the sake of improving the network's fault tolerance capability. An experimental study is reported showing the performance of the proposed method. Based on the results, some further directions are suggested in the context of machine learning towards achieving further advances in this research area.
Requirements of NaCl

A widely recognized complication following the administration of large amounts of saline solution rectally or parenterally is the occurrence of oedema of the lungs or the extremities. Coller, Dick, and Maddock (1936) showed that this oedema is the result of the administration not so much of large quantities of water as of excessive amounts of sodium chloride, for the oedema will disappear if glucose solutions are substituted for salt solutions. Jones and Eaton (1933) pointed out that a reduction of the protein intake such as occurs in certain gastrointestinal disorders, profuse surgical drainage, the general effects of sepsis, and the loss of serum protein by massive haemorrhage, all lead to a reduction in the serum proteins of the blood. There is thus a diminution in the osmotic pressure exerted by the blood colloids, and this diminution probably accounts for the tendency to oedema which arises when the tissue reserves of chloride are raised. We have observed that following repeated injections of sodium chloride solution oedema may occur before chloride appears in the urine in more than negligible proportions. Recently Maddock and Coller (1937) have established criteria as to the correct amounts of fluid required by patients at rest, after operation, and in conditions of dehydration. We think it advisable to add criteria which we have obtained as to the amounts of sodium chloride required by the body in health and in hypochloraemia.
Evolution and Functional Trajectory of Sir1 in Gene Silencing

ABSTRACT We used the budding yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii to examine the evolution of Sir-based silencing, focusing on Sir1, silencers, the molecular topography of silenced chromatin, and the roles of SIR and RNA interference (RNAi) genes in T. delbrueckii. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analysis of Sir proteins in T. delbrueckii revealed a different topography of chromatin at the HML and HMR loci than was observed in S. cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae Sir1, enriched at the silencers of HMLα and HMRa, was absent from telomeres and did not repress subtelomeric genes. In contrast to S. cerevisiae SIR1's partially dispensable role in silencing, the T. delbrueckii SIR1 paralog KOS3 was essential for silencing. KOS3 was also found at telomeres with T. delbrueckii Sir2 (Td-Sir2) and Td-Sir4 and repressed subtelomeric genes. Silencer mapping in T. delbrueckii revealed single silencers at HML and HMR, bound by Td-Kos3, Td-Sir2, and Td-Sir4. The KOS3 gene mapped near HMR, and its expression was regulated by Sir-based silencing, providing feedback regulation of a silencing protein by silencing. In contrast to the prominent role of Sir proteins in silencing, T. delbrueckii RNAi genes AGO1 and DCR1 did not function in heterochromatin formation. These results highlighted the shifting role of silencing genes and the diverse chromatin architectures underlying heterochromatin.
Effects of physiological increments in human alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide and human brain natriuretic peptide in normal male subjects.

1. Brain natriuretic peptide, closely related to atrial natriuretic peptide in structure, may be an important circulating hormone. Its physiological role is unclear. First, we studied the effects of incremental infusions of brain natriuretic peptide in six healthy men on plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels and the pharmacokinetics of brain natriuretic peptide. Synthetic human brain natriuretic peptide-32 was infused intravenously, at an initial rate of 0.4 pmol min-1 kg-1, doubling every 15 min until the dose rate reached 6.4 pmol min-1 kg-1, at which rate the infusion was maintained for 30 min. 2. The brain natriuretic peptide infusion raised the brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity from 1.4 +/- 0.5 pmol/l to 21.4 +/- 7.6 pmol/l. Brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity after the end of infusion was consistent with a bi-exponential decay, with half-lives of 2.1 min and 37 min. 3. Next, we studied the effects of low-dose infusion of brain natriuretic peptide to mimic physiological increments in the circulating levels in comparison with atrial natriuretic peptide. Six dehydrated male subjects received intravenous infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, separately and in combination, in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-part cross-over design. Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide were given at the rate of 0.75 and 0.4 pmol min-1 kg-1, respectively, for 3 h. The control infusion consisted of the vehicle. 4. Analysis of variance showed that atrial natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide plus brain natriuretic peptide, but not brain natriuretic peptide alone, increased urinary flow and decreased urinary osmolality significantly. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus carriage and pattern of antibiotic resistance, including methicillin resistance, among contact sport athletes in Italy

Background and purpose: Athletes participating in contact or collision sports have a great chance of acquiring Staphylococcus aureus infections. The risk factors for colonization and infections include frequent antibiotic use, close contact situations, skin trauma, sharing of sports equipment, and poor hygiene. Therefore, our specific goals were to determine (1) prevalence of S. aureus among different types of contact sport athletes which were barely studied in the European region, (2) antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolates, and (3) association of carriage with particular risk factors of spor t practices. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among contact or collision sport athletes in Italy. A questionnaire was used to gather information about sociodemographic characteristics, specific sport activities, and participants’ health conditions. Swabs were collected from the nares, oropharynx, and fingers and tested for S. aureus isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: S. aureus was carried by 42% of 238 enrolled athletes. Colonization was associated with number of weekly training days, sharing of sports equipment, not taking a shower immediately after training, and a previous history of pharyngitis or sinusitis and skin manifestations. Isolates were resistant to clindamycin (24.8%) and erythromycin (15.8%). Of all athletes, 1.3% carried methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA); MRSA were 3% of all S. aureus isolates. No strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Conclusion: Our results have shown a high prevalence of S. aureus carriage and a relevant resistance to antimicrobials used for the treatment of S. aureus infections. Prevention efforts aimed at reducing S. aureus colonization, and thus potentially reducing infections, should be improved.
The relationship between inbound open innovation patents and financial performance: evidence from global information technology companies

Most existing studies on the global information technology (IT) sector examine the causal relationship between internally generated patents and corporate performance. However, global IT companies acquire patents not only from internal research and development (R&D), but also from inbound open innovation. Focusing on this, we examine the differential effects of patents from various sources, including (1) internal R&D, (2) university–industry collaboration, and (3) transaction on corporate sales, profits, and market value in 28 global IT companies. We find that patents by internal R&D boost sales, profits, and corporate value. Purchased patents have small, immediate positive effects on market value and profit, but do not increase sales. University–industry collaboration patents drive sales after more than two years, but negatively impact market value. Overall, internal R&D is consistently important for sustainable corporate growth, implying that the acquisition of ideas, technologies, and human resources for internal R&D is the most effective method of inbound open innovation. Purchased patents boost short-term growth, while university–industry collaboration is necessary for mid- and long-term growth. Our study provides the basis for an optimal balance between internal R&D and inbound open innovation, as well as the creation of a financial performance-oriented patent portfolio.
Banking desmaterialization using cloud computing

The technological challenges have led the bank sector to actively bet on technological innovation strategy including the provision of applications for mobile devices. However, the development of mobile tools has had a greater expression for customers than for commercial managers of banks. This paper aims to present an architecture that supports the desmaterialization of transactions at the counters of bank branches. The main goal is to foster the relationship between banks and their customers, giving flexibility to managers to conduct banking transactions from any mobile device, anywhere. This architecture is a results of a dissertation carried out under a master's degree in Information Systems.
Is mitochondrial oxidative metabolism the right therapy target in early Huntington disease?

Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive and fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extrapyramidal motor signs often preceded by cognitive and behavioral disturbances, with a prevalence of 5–10 cases per 100,000 people worldwide1; expanded CAG repeats within the coding sequence of the HTT gene on chromosome 4p2 are the cause. The gene encodes huntingtin (HTT), a ubiquitously expressed protein associated with most intracellular organelles. CAG repeats of 40 or more are associated with nearly full penetrance by age 65 years with a mean age at onset of 40 years and death 15–20 years later.3 Although the function of HTT remains incompletely understood, HD likely arises from gain of function caused by the abnormal conformation of the mutant protein.3
Management of adrenal insufficiency in different clinical settings

Adrenal insufficiency is a rare disease, but its prevalence is increasing. The most frequent cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in western countries is autoimmune adrenalitis, whereas secondary adrenal insufficiency is most often caused by pituitary tumours and their treatment (e.g., surgery). Chronic glucocorticoid replacement consists of hydrocortisone 15 – 25 mg/day in divided doses and dose monitoring is largely based on clinical judgement. Fludrocortisone 0.05 – 0.2 mg/day is given for substitution in mineralocorticoid deficiency aiming at normotension, normokalaemia and a plasma renin activity in the upper normal range. It has recently been shown that, despite adequate glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement well being in patients with adrenal insufficiency is still impaired. Several studies have demonstrated that dehydroepiandosterone 25 – 50 mg/day p.o. may improve mood, fatigue, well-being and, in women, also sexuality, suggesting that dehydroepiandosterone should become part of the standard treatment regime. However, large Phase III trials of dehydroepiandosterone for adrenal insufficiency are still lacking and it has not yet been approved for the treatment of this disease. Patients with adrenal insufficiency are at risk of adrenal crisis, usually precipitated by major stress, such as severe infection or surgery. Early dose adjustments are required to cover the increased glucocorticoid demand in stress. Careful and repeated education of patients and their partners is the best strategy to avoid this life-threatening emergency. Some recent studies suggest that during sepsis some patients with intact adrenal function may develop transient relative adrenal insufficiency and benefit from administration of hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone. However, the pathophysiology and diagnosis criteria of relative adrenal insufficiency and its treatment remain unsettled issues.
Some Results on Metric Trees

Using isometric embedding of metric trees into Banach spaces, this paper will investigate barycenters, type and cotype, and various measures of compactness of metric trees. A metric tree ($T$, $d$) is a metric space such that between any two of its points there is an unique arc that is isometric to an interval in $\mathbb{R}$. We begin our investigation by examining isometric embeddings of metric trees into Banach spaces. We then investigate the possible images $x_0=\pi ((x_1+\ldots+x_n)/n)$, where $\pi$ is a contractive retraction from the ambient Banach space $X$ onto $T$ (such a $\pi$ always exists) in order to understand the "metric" barycenter of a family of points $ x_1, \ldots,x_n$ in a tree $T$. Further, we consider the metric properties of trees such as their type and cotype. We identify various measures of compactness of metric trees (their covering numbers, $\epsilon$-entropy and Kolmogorov widths) and the connections between them. Additionally, we prove that the limit of the sequence of Kolmogorov widths of a metric tree is equal to its ball measure of non-compactness.