Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic bile acids, genomic instability, Darwinian selection, and colon carcinogenesis

Sporadic colon cancer is caused predominantly by dietary factors. We have selected bile acids as a focus of this review since high levels of hydrophobic bile acids accompany a Western-style diet, and play a key role in colon carcinogenesis. We describe how bile acid-induced stresses cause cell death in susceptible cells, contribute to genomic instability in surviving cells, impose Darwinian selection on survivors and enhance initiation and progression to colon cancer. The most likely major mechanisms by which hydrophobic bile acids induce stresses on cells (DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage) are described. Persistent exposure of colon epithelial cells to hydrophobic bile acids can result in the activation of pro-survival stress-response pathways, and the modulation of numerous genes/proteins associated with chromosome maintenance and mitosis. The multiple mechanisms by which hydrophobic bile acids contribute to genomic instability are discussed, and include oxidative DNA damage, p53 and other mutations, micronuclei formation and aneuploidy. Since bile acids and oxidative stress decrease DNA repair proteins, an increase in DNA damage and increased genomic instability through this mechanism is also described. This review provides a mechanistic explanation for the important link between a Western-style diet and associated increased levels of colon cancer.
Automated Similarity Modeling for Real-World Applications

Many Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) applications rely on experts opinions and input to design the knowledge base. Even though these experts are an integral part of the modeling process, they are human and cannot always provide the amounts of information that is needed. To that effect, the idea behind this thesis research is to utilize the data’s struc-ture to extract relationships between knowledge entities in cases where expert knowledge is not enough. The goal is to automatically model the similarity measure between cases and their attributes using methods such as information retrieval (IR), natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, graph theory, and social network analysis (SNA), with an emphasis on SNA, to extract contextual knowledge from a dataset.
Facilitating community information seeking using the Internet: Findings from three public library-community network systems

We report findings from a recent study of how public libraries are using on-line community networks to facilitate the public's information seeking and use in everyday situations. These networks have been lauded for their potential to strengthen physical communities through increasing information flow about local services and events, and through facilitating civic interaction. However, little is known about how the public uses such digital services and what barriers they encounter. This article presents findings from a 2-year study that comprised a national survey with public library staff, followed by extensive case studies in three states. At each site, data were collected using on-line surveys, field observation, in-depth interviews, and focus groups with Internet users, human service providers, and library staff. The on-line surveys and the follow-up interviews with respondents were based on sense-making theory. In our article we discuss: (1) how the public is using networked community information systems and the Internet for daily problem solving, (2) the types of barriers users encounter, and (3) the benefits for individuals and physical communities from public library-community networking initiatives and the emergence of "information communities. "
OCRP in Dynamic Resource Allocation Using Virtual Machines for Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud Computing is an emerging concept combining many fields of computing. It provides services, software and processing capacity over the internet. Deploying Virtual Machines in bulk is a very tedious and cumbersome job. Deploying a Virtual Machines on a Data Center involves various tasks such as installing the operating prepping the machine for a system ,adding a system to the domain and giving proper access to user. Cloud computing consists of two provisioning plan for allocating resources in cloud. They are Reservation plan and On-demand plan. Reservation plan is long term plan and Ondemand plan is a short term plan. In On-demand plan the consumers can access resources at the time when they need. In Reservation plan the resources could be reserved earlier. Hence the cloud providers could charge the resources before consumers could use it. For on-demand pricing is done as payper-use basis but in reservation plan pricing is charged by onetime fee. With Reservation plan consumers could utilize the computing resources in a much cheaper amount than ondemand plan. The proposed scheme has two important features. (i) Virtual Machine Deployment Algorithm based on the Hungarian Algorithm to support a concurrent Deployment with multiple Virtual Machine instance and monitoring the Resources (ii) Implementation of Optimal Cloud Resources Provisioning to make an optimal decision of Resource Provisioning in the Cloud Environment. Experimental results show the significant improvement in load balancing and reduce the reservation cost and expending cost.
Aromatase inhibition reduces gonadotrophin dose required for controlled ovarian stimulation in women with unexplained infertility.

BACKGROUND Adding clomiphene citrate (CC) to FSH for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) decreases FSH dose required for optimum stimulation. However, because of its anti-estrogenic effects, CC may be associated with lower pregnancy rates offsetting the FSH-dose reduction benefit. Previously, we reported the success of aromatase inhibition in inducing ovulation without antiestrogenic effects. METHODS A prospective pilot study that included women with unexplained infertility undergoing COS and intrauterine insemination. Thirty-six women received the aromatase inhibitor letrozole + FSH, 18 women received CC + FSH and 56 women received FSH only. Each woman received one treatment regimen in one treatment cycle. All patients were given recombinant or highly purified FSH (50-150 IU/day) starting on day 3 to 7 until day of hCG. RESULTS The FSH dose needed was significantly lower in letrozole + FSH and CC + FSH groups compared with FSH-only without a difference in number of follicles >1.8 cm. Pregnancy rate was 19.1% in the letrozole + FSH group, 10.5% in the CC + FSH group and 18.7% in the FSH-only group. Both pregnancy rate and endometrial thickness were significantly lower in CC + FSH group compared with the other two groups. Estradiol (E2) levels were significantly lower in the letrozole + FSH group compared with the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Similar to CC, aromatase inhibition with letrozole reduces FSH dose required for COS without the undesirable antiestrogenic effects sometimes seen with CC.
Prediction and Identification of Potential Immunodominant Epitopes in Glycoproteins B, C, E, G, and I of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

Twenty B candidate epitopes of glycoproteins B (gB2), C (gC2), E (gE2), G (gG2), and I (gI2) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were predicted using DNAstar, Biosun, and Antheprot methods combined with the polynomial method. Subsequently, the biological functions of the peptides were tested via experiments in vitro. Among the 20 epitope peptides, 17 could react with the antisera to the corresponding parent proteins in the EIA tests. In particular, five peptides, namely, gB2466–473 (EQDRKPRN), gC2216–223 (GRTDRPSA), gE2483–491 (DPPERPDSP), gG2572–579 (EPPDDDDS), and gI2286-295 (CRRRYRRPRG) had strong reaction with the antisera. All conjugates of the five peptides with the carrier protein BSA could stimulate mice into producing antibodies. The antisera to these peptides reacted strongly with the corresponding parent glycoproteins during the Western Blot tests, and the peptides reacted strongly with the antibodies against the parent glycoproteins during the EIA tests. The antisera against the five peptides could neutralize HSV-2 infection in vitro, which has not been reported until now. These results suggest that the immunodominant epitopes screened using software algorithms may be used for virus diagnosis and vaccine design against HSV-2.
Automatic Extraction of Main Road Centerlines from High Resolution Satellite Imagery Using Hierarchical Grouping

Automatic road centerline extraction from high-resolution satellite imagery has gained considerable interest recently due to the increasing availability of commercial high-resolution satellite images. In this paper, a hierarchical grouping strategy is proposed to automatically extract main road centerlines from high-resolution satellite imagery. Here hierarchical grouping means that, instead of grouping all segments at once, the selective segments are grouped gradually, and multiple clues are closely integrated into the procedure. By this means, the computational cost can be reduced significantly. Through the stepwise grouping, the detected fragmented line segments eventually form the long main road lines. The proposed method has been tested and validated using several Ikonos and QuickBird images both in open areas and build-up urban environments. The results demonstrate its robustness and viability on extracting salient main road centerlines.
Joint channel-aware and queue-aware data scheduling in multiple shared wireless channels

This paper investigates multiuser downlink data scheduling with quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning over multiple shared fading channels, which, for a network point of view, provides line flexibility and granularity for resource allocation. A user-centric metric-a utility function with respect to mean waiting time-which is able to maintain fairness among users while providing delay QoS to individual users is used. This paper proposes scheduling algorithms that are aware of both channel and queue state information to achieve the maximum aggregate utility in the network. Simulation results confirm the significant performance and stability improvement provided by the utility-based scheduling scheme balancing multiuser diversity and queueing delay.
A Route Server Architecture for Inter Domain Routing

Internet transmission and switching facilities are partitioned into di erent administrative domains To ef fect routing between domains domain border routers establish pairwise peering sessions and exchange routing information at exchange points When a large number of border routers attach at an exchange point signi cant operational coordination is necessary to maintain routing consistency An alternative arrangement in which each border router at an exchange point peers only with a Route Server reduces the necessary coordination and provides other signi cant bene ts From a set theoretic characterization of border router behavior we derive a set theoretic expression that completely and succinctly characterizes Route Server functionality Performance measurements from our Route Server implementation reveal that the storage requirements of Route Servers can be much larger than that of a typical border router We discuss a variety of techniques that can in some instances reduce Route Server storage requirements by a factor of ve or more
Flexible Dynamic Linking for . NET

A . NET application is a set of assemblies developed or reused by programmers, and tested together for correctness and performance. Each assembly’s references to other assemblies are type-checked at compile-time and embedded into the executable image, from where they guide the dynamic linking process. We propose that an application can potentially consist of multiple sets of assemblies, all known to the application’s programmers. Each set implements the application’s functionality in some special way, e.g. using only patent-free algorithms or being optimised for 64-bit processors. Depending on the assemblies available on a user’s machine, the dynamic linking process will select a suitable set and load assemblies from it. We describe how, in our scheme, an application is written to use a defaultset of assemblies but carries nominal and structural specifications about permissible sets of alternativeassemblies. We implement the scheme on Rotor, a . NET virtual machine, by modifying its linking infrastructure to efficiently find assemblies on the user’s machine that satisfy the application’s specifications. Specifications can be applied to individual classes and methods, so that only code wishing to use alternative assemblies has to undergo the modified linking process.
Higher Order Matching for Consistent Multiple Target Tracking

This paper addresses the data assignment problem in multi frame multi object tracking in video sequences. Traditional methods employing maximum weight bipartite matching offer limited temporal modeling. It has recently been shown [6, 8, 24] that incorporating higher order temporal constraints improves the assignment solution. Finding maximum weight matching with higher order constraints is however NP-hard and the solutions proposed until now have either been greedy [8] or rely on greedy rounding of the solution obtained from spectral techniques [15]. We propose a novel algorithm to find the approximate solution to data assignment problem with higher order temporal constraints using the method of dual decomposition and the MPLP message passing algorithm [21]. We compare the proposed algorithm with an implementation of [8] and [15] and show that proposed technique provides better solution with a bound on approximation factor for each inferred solution.
Genomic Characterization of LIGHT Reveals Linkage to an Immune Response Locus on Chromosome 19p13.3 and Distinct Isoforms Generated by Alternate Splicing or Proteolysis1 2

LIGHT is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily that signals through the lymphotoxin (LT)β receptor and the herpesvirus entry mediator. LIGHT may function as a costimulatory factor for the activation of lymphoid cells and as a deterrent to infection by herpesvirus, which may provide significant selective pressure shaping the evolution of LIGHT. Here, we define the molecular genetics of the human LIGHT locus, revealing its close linkage to the TNF superfamily members CD27 ligand and 4-1BB ligand, and the third complement protein (C3), which positions LIGHT within the MHC paralog on chromosome 19p13.3. An alternately spliced isoform of LIGHT mRNA that encodes a transmembrane-deleted form is detected in activated T cells and gives rise to a nonglycosylated protein that resides in the cytosol. Furthermore, membrane LIGHT is shed from the cell surface of human 293 T cells. These studies reveal new mechanisms involved in regulating the physical forms and cellular compartmentalization of LIGHT that may contribute to the regulation and biological function of this cytokine.
A narrative-based alternative to tagging

The enormous dissemination of multimedia information over the past few years has led to mechanisms to support its organization, cataloging and search through descriptions or keywords. A popular way of associating such descriptions to content is tagging as can be found in popular sites such as Flickr (for images) or Delicious (bookmarks). This method allows users to associate tags to media, richly describing its content and may help in its retrieval at a later time. However, the process is mostly unstructured, leading to several problems. Nothing guarantees that the tags used are the most appropriate or the same tags are used in similar situations, making retrieval difficult. Our approach relies on narrative-based interfaces which use stories as an organizing principle for tagging media. Given that humans have used stories to communicate since the dawn of time, narrative is a natural form of interaction. By inter-relating bits of information into a coherent whole, stories convey data in a rich, structured way. A study carried out with 40 users over a period of three months shows that users convey almost six times more information when using narratives to describe their media than what is typical of traditional methods. Furthermore, our pilot study saw narratives increasing tag reuse to 94%. Finally, other problems found in tagging such as synonyms and polysemy were notably absent from story-generated tags
Stochastic Complexity of Reinforcement Learning

Using the asymptotic equipartition property which holds on empirical sequences we elucidate the explicit performance of exploration, and the fact that the return maximization is characterized by two factors, the stochastic complexity and a quantity depending on the parameters of environment. We also examine the sensitivity of stochastic complexity, which is useful in appropriately tuning the parameters of the action selection strategy, and show the lower bound of the convergence speed of the divergence between the empirical sequence and the best empirical sequence which produces a maximal return. Nomenclature reinforcement learning, Markov decision process, typical sequence, asymptotic equipartition property, stochastic complexity
Multilocus Sequence Typing of Pathogenic Candida Species

Typing strains within a microbial species on the basis of DNA sequences at multiple loci has greatly advanced study of the epidemiology and evolutionary phylogenetics of many bacterial ([9][1], [40][2], [60][3], [72][4]) and fungal ([26][5], [68][6]) pathogens. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)
ANALYSING TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS FOR THE LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS: IMPLICATIONS OF USING SOFTWARE IN TEACHERS EDUCATION

In this paper we analyse an intuitive approach to the study of the empirical law of large numbers by a pair of student teachers. The learning is based on the use of a random experiment simulation applet with feedback by a lecturer. The analysis is based on some theoretical tools taken from the onto-semiotic approach to mathematical cognition and instruction (Godino, 2002). In particular we assess the epistemic, cognitive and instructional suitability of the study process. We deduce some requirements of the simulation device characteristics and the lecturer’s role to increase the suitability of the teaching and learning process. CONTEXT AND RESEARCH PROBLEM This research follows previous teaching experiences carried out in the context of primary school student teachers preparation and were based on computer resources (“EdumatMaestros” Project, Godino et al. 2004). These experiences, all of them related to specific mathematical contents, were implemented with several groups of students in three complementary scenarios: E Scenario 1: traditional classroom (blackboard, textbook and computer display). E Scenario 2: computer lab; students working alone or in pairs with some applets, assisted by a lecturer. E Scenario 3: clinical monitoring of a pair of students interacting with computer programs supported by a lecturer. In this paper we will use the information collected in scenario 3, for the topic “empirical law of large numbers,” using the NCTM “box model” simulation software, available at: http://illuminations.nctm. org/imath/6-8/BoxModel/index.html. The research questions were the followings: a) What did the students who followed this study process learn? b) What factors did condition their learning? and c) How could the suitability of the study process be improved? Although this is a very specific experience, the facts observed and their interpretation, with the help of the onto-semiotic approach to mathematical knowledge (Godino, 2002; Godino, Batanero and Roa, 2005) will allow us to identify some general cognitive and instructional phenomena. This case study is also a methodological example of didactical analysis based on this theoretical framework. Starting from the transcription of the activity of one pair of students interacting under guidance from a lecture we will describe the study process as a stochastic process with different trajectories (Godino, Contreras and Font, 2004): epistemic (implemented institutional knowledge), educational (lecturer’s role and students’ tasks), mediational (use of technological resources) and cognitive (students’ knowledge). The analysis will be focused on identifying the competences achieved by students as well as their epistemic, cognitive and instructional conflicts. We will begin by making explicit the epistemic referential knowledge related to the law of large numbers and associated notions. As a result we will identify the crucial role of the lecturer in optimising the teaching and learning process and selecting appropriate technical resources.
Key Technologies in the Context of Future Networks: Operational and Management Requirements

The concept of Future Networks is based on the premise that current infrastructures require enhanced control, service customization, self-organization and self-management capabilities to meet the new needs in a connected society, especially of mobile users. In order to provide a high-performance mobile system, three main fields must be improved: radio, network, and operation and management. In particular, operation and management capabilities are intended to enable business agility and operational sustainability, where the addition of new services does not imply an excessive increase in capital or operational expenditures. In this context, a set of key-enabled technologies have emerged in order to aid in this field. Concepts such as Software Defined Network (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Self-Organized Networks (SON) are pushing traditional systems towards the next 5G network generation.This paper presents an overview of the current status of these promising technologies and ongoing works to fulfill the operational and management requirements of mobile infrastructures. This work also details the use cases and the challenges, taking into account not only SDN, NFV, cloud computing and SON but also other paradigms.
Discovery of a Classic FR II Broad Absorption Line Quasar from the FIRST Survey

We have discovered a remarkable quasar, FIRST J101614.3+520916, whose optical spectrum shows unambiguous broad absorption features, while its double-lobed radio morphology and luminosity clearly indicate a classic Fanaroff-Riley type II radio source. Its radio luminosity places it at the extreme of the recently established class of radio-loud broad absorption line quasars. Because of its hybrid nature we speculate that FIRST J101614.3+520916 is a typical FR II quasar that has been rejuvenated as a broad absorption line (BAL) quasar with a compact steep spectrum core. The direction of the jet axis of FIRST J101614.3+520916 can be estimated from its radio structure and optical brightness, indicating that we are viewing the system at a viewing angle of ≳40°. The position angles of the radio jet and optical polarization are not well aligned, differing by ~20°-30°. When combined with the evidence presented by Becker and coworkers for a sample of 29 BAL quasars showing that at least some BAL quasars are viewed along the jet axis, the implication is that no preferred viewing orientation is necessary to observe BAL systems in a quasar's spectrum. This, and the probable young nature of compact steep spectrum sources, leads naturally to the alternate hypothesis that BALs are an early stage in the lives of quasars.
Targeting Social Transfers to the Poor in Mexico

Mexico's main social support program, Oportunidades, combines two methods to target cash to poor households: an initial self-selection by households who acquire knowledge about the program and apply for benefits, followed by an administrative determination of eligibility based on a means test. Self-selection improves targeting by excluding high-income households, while administrative targeting does so mainly by excluding middle-income households. The two methods are complementary: expanding program knowledge across households substantially increases applications from non-poor households, thus reinforcing the importance of administrative targeting. The paper shows that targeting can be further improved through redesigning the means test and differentiating transfers according to demographic characteristics.