Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRECVID 2004 - An Overview

TRECVID 2004 was the fourth running of a TRECstyle video retrieval evaluation, the goal of which remains to promote progress in content-based retrieval from digital video via open, metrics-based evaluation. Over time this effort should yield a better understanding of how systems can effectively accomplish such retrieval and how one can reliably benchmark their performance. TRECVID is funded by the Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The evaluation used as test data about 70 hours of US broadcast news video in MPEG-1 format that had been collected for TDT-2 by the Linguistic Data Consortium in 1998. 33 teams from various research organizations — 7 from Asia/Australia, 17 from Europe, and 9 from the Americas — participated in one or more of four tasks: shot boundary determination, story segmentation, feature extraction, and search (manual or interactive). Results were scored by NIST using manually created truth data for shot boundary determination and story segmentation. Feature extraction and search submissions were evaluated based on partial manual judgments of the pooled submissions. This paper is an introduction to, and an overview of, the evaluation framework (the tasks, data, and measures), the results, and the approaches taken by the participating groups. For detailed information about the approaches and results, the reader should see the online proceedings on the TRECVID website (www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/trecvid).
Dynamic programming algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows and EC social legislation

In practice, apart from the problem of vehicle routing, schedulers also face the problem of finding feasible driver schedules complying with complex restrictions on drivers' driving and working hours. To address this complex interdependent problem of vehicle routing and break scheduling, we propose a dynamic programming approach for the vehicle routing problem with time windows including the EC social legislation on drivers' driving and working hours. Our algorithm includes all optional rules in these legislations, which are generally ignored in the literature. To include the legislation in the dynamic programming algorithm we propose a break scheduling method that does not increase the time-complexity of the algorithm. This is a remarkable effect that generally does not hold for local search methods, which have proved to be very successful in solving less restricted vehicle routing problems. Computational results show that our method finds solutions to benchmark instances with 18% less vehicles and 5% less travel distance than state of the art approaches. Furthermore, they show that including all optional rules of the legislation leads to an additional reduction of 4% in the number of vehicles and of 1.5% regarding the travel distance. Therefore, the optional rules should be exploited in practice.
Perinatal and Postnatal Expression of Cav1.3 α1D Ca2+ Channel in the Rat Heart

The novel Cav1.3 (α1D) L-type Ca2+ channel plays a significant role in sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes function and in atrial fibrillation. However, the characterization of α1D Ca2+ channel during heart development is very limited. We used real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and indirect immunostaining to characterize the developmental expression and localization of α1D Ca2+ channel in rat hearts. Both protein and mRNA levels of α1D Ca2+ channel decreased postnatally. Two forms of α1D Ca2+ channel protein (250 and 190 kD) were observed, with the full-length (250 kD) channel protein being predominant in the prenatal stages. Both Western blots and confocal imaging demonstrated that α1D Ca2+ channel protein was expressed in both atria and ventricles at fetal and neonatal stages but was absent in the adult ventricles. Interestingly, α1D Ca2+ channel was also found at the nucleus/perinucleus of immature but not adult atrial cells. Furthermore, the nuclear staining was reproduced in adult atrial cell line, HL-1 cells, which possess immature properties. The data are first to show that α1D Ca2+ channel has unique age-dependent expression profile and subcellular localization in the heart, suggesting a developmental stage-dependent specific function.
Fission Yeast dim1 + Encodes a Functionally Conserved Polypeptide Essential for Mitosis

In a screen for second site mutations capable of reducing the restrictive temperature of the fission yeast mutant cdc2-D217N, we have isolated a novel temperature-sensitive mutant, dim1-35. When shifted to restrictive temperature, dim1-35 mutant cells arrest before entry into mitosis or proceed through mitosis in the absence of nuclear division, demonstrating an uncoupling of proper DNA segregation from other cell cycle events. Deletion of dim1 from the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome produces a lethal G2 arrest phenotype. Lethality is rescued by overexpression of the mouse dim1 homolog, mdim1. Likewise, deletion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae dim1 homolog, CDH1, is lethal. Both mdim1 and dim1 + are capable of rescuing lethality in the cdh1::HIS3 mutant. Although dim1-35 displays no striking genetic interactions with various other G2/M or mitotic mutants, dim1-35 cells incubated at restrictive temperature arrest with low histone H1 kinase activity. Morevoer, dim1-35 displays sensitivity to the microtubule destabilizing drug, thiabendazole (TBZ). We conclude that Dim1p plays a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved role as a protein essential for entry into mitosis as well as for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Based on TBZ sensitivity and failed chromosome segregation in dim1-35, we further speculate that Dim1p may play a role in mitotic spindle formation and/or function.
Growth and Development of Feijoa with Different Plant Shape and in Greenhouses Environment

In order to explore the relation between tree crown shape and growth development and age of tree, flowering plants, fruiting plants, bearing plants, bearing branch and floweret, length of bearing branch were studied in greenhouse environments after tree corm shape were divided into three groups by live crown ratio of crown width to height and angle from the central leader to first scaffold branch. The result showed that the plants of upright crown shape were 83% at age one year among all plants, 45% at age two years and tree crown shapes, open tree increased to 25% at age of three years. The flowering trees increased from 5% at age of one year to 55% in age of three years and fruit set increased from 0 to 44% following increase of age tree. Open trees had more flowers with 10.6 in 2-year-old tree, 38.6 in 3-year-old tree. Open trees had more percentage of bearing plants with around 47%. The average length of bearing branches was 11.5 cm at open trees, which was more than other crown shapes at age of three years. Open trees had most fruit number per bearing tree (6.5, 8.5 apart). Therefore, creating open tree crown shape may increase flowering, fruiting and yield in greenhouse production of feijoa.
A Method for Removing Imaging Artifact from Continuous EEG Recorded during Functional MRI

Combined EEG/fMRI recording has been used to localize the generators of EEG events and to identify subject state in cognitive studies and is of increasing interest. However, the large EEG artifacts induced during fMRI have precluded simultaneous EEG and fMRI recording, restricting study design. Removing this artifact is difficult, as it normally exceeds EEG significantly and contains components in the EEG frequency range. We have developed a recording system and an artifact reduction method that reduce this artifact effectively. The recording system has large dynamic range to capture both low-amplitude EEG and large imaging artifact without distortion (resolution 2 microV, range 33.3 mV), 5-kHz sampling, and low-pass filtering prior to the main gain stage. Imaging artifact is reduced by subtracting an averaged artifact waveform, followed by adaptive noise cancellation to reduce any residual artifact. This method was validated in recordings from five subjects using periodic and continuous fMRI sequences. Spectral analysis revealed differences of only 10 to 18% between EEG recorded in the scanner without fMRI and the corrected EEG. Ninety-nine percent of spike waves (median 74 microV) added to the recordings were identified in the corrected EEG compared to 12% in the uncorrected EEG. The median noise after artifact reduction was 8 microV. All these measures indicate that most of the artifact was removed, with minimal EEG distortion. Using this recording system and artifact reduction method, we have demonstrated that simultaneous EEG/fMRI studies are for the first time possible, extending the scope of EEG/fMRI studies considerably.
Acylated ghrelin increases after controlled short‐time exercise in school‐aged children

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone, which plays an important role in appetite regulation. The effects of exercise on ghrelin plasma concentrations are still not clear, especially in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of acylated and total ghrelin concentrations to controlled exercise in school‐aged children. Thirty‐six healthy school‐aged children (mean age 12.61 years, SD ± 0.39) underwent a controlled bicycle exercise test. Before and immediately after exercise, blood samples were taken in order to measure plasma ghrelin concentrations. The control group consisted of 24 healthy school‐aged children. After controlled short‐time exercise, total ghrelin concentrations showed no significant difference, whereas acylated ghrelin concentrations increased significantly (P<0.001) in the study population compared with the control group. Moreover, we found a correlation between the proportional increase of acylated ghrelin and the duration of exercise (P<0.01), and between the proportional increase of acylated ghrelin and maximal performance (P<0.01). Increased levels of acylated ghrelin after exercise could be a physiological response to ensure a sufficient caloric intake after energy consumption in children and adolescents.
Signal processing issues in indoor positioning by ultra wide band radio aided inertial navigation

The difficulties and possibilities connected to indoor positioning suggest using several sources of navigational information. Apart from the signal processing of the individual sources this gives rise to the need for information fusion. This article aims at presenting and describing the signal processing methods and issues faced when constructing a navigation system based on a local ultra wide band (UWB) ranging system and an inertial navigation system (INS). The signal processing methods within the individual systems are described together with techniques for fusing the information from them. Finally, filtering results of experimental data is presented with expected convergence properties and positioning accuracy of below ±4 cm.
PARENTAL CONTROL OF POSITION-EFFECT VARIEGATION: I. PARENTAL HETEROCHROMATIN AND EXPRESSION OF THE WHITE LOCUS IN COMPOUND-X DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

8, 309 (1959)). The tritium is on the 4 (thymidine) or 4 and 5 (cytidine) carbon atoms of the pyrimidine nucleus. 20 Mitchell, H. K. , personal communication. 21 The transformation of the soft, segmented larval cuticle into the hard, unsegmented cuticle of the prepupa, called the puparium, takes only a few minutes at 250C. The time at which the transformation occurred was known to the nearest half hour.
Model Formulation: Bridging the Guideline Implementation Gap: A Systematic, Document-Centered Approach to Guideline Implementation

OBJECTIVE A gap exists between the information contained in published clinical practice guidelines and the knowledge and information that are necessary to implement them. This work describes a process to systematize and make explicit the translation of document-based knowledge into workflow-integrated clinical decision support systems. DESIGN This approach uses the Guideline Elements Model (GEM) to represent the guideline knowledge. Implementation requires a number of steps to translate the knowledge contained in guideline text into a computable format and to integrate the information into clinical workflow. The steps include: (1) selection of a guideline and specific recommendations for implementation, (2) markup of the guideline text, (3) atomization, (4) deabstraction and (5) disambiguation of recommendation concepts, (6) verification of rule set completeness, (7) addition of explanations, (8) building executable statements, (9) specification of origins of decision variables and insertions of recommended actions, (10) definition of action types and selection of associated beneficial services, (11) choice of interface components, and (12) creation of requirement specification. RESULTS The authors illustrate these component processes using examples drawn from recent experience translating recommendations from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's guideline on management of chronic asthma into a workflow-integrated decision support system that operates within the Logician electronic health record system. CONCLUSION Using the guideline document as a knowledge source promotes authentic translation of domain knowledge and reduces the overall complexity of the implementation task. From this framework, we believe that a better understanding of activities involved in guideline implementation will emerge.
The Time Series Behavior of Consumption in the Buffer Stock Model 1 Theory Consider a consumer solving the maximization problem

where the variable Xt+1 indicates the level of the consumer’s ‘cash-on-hand,’ the sum of current income and current wealth Wt+1, which equals the proceeds from investment at gross interest rate R = (1 + r) of the unconsumed resources (‘savings’ St) at the end of the previous period. The income process is subject to i.i. d. transitory shocks (ǫt+1) and permanent shocks (Nt+1) both of which have mean values of one, Et[ǫ̃t+1] = Et[Ñt+1] = 1. 1 As usual, the recursive nature of the problem allows us to rewrite the problem as:
Diagnostic Accuracy, Effectiveness and Cost for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Screening of Three Short Cognitive Tests Applicable to Illiterates

Background Illiteracy, a universal problem, limits the utilization of the most widely used short cognitive tests. Our objective was to assess and compare the effectiveness and cost for cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia (DEM) screening of three short cognitive tests applicable to illiterates. Methods Phase III diagnostic test evaluation study was performed during one year in four Primary Care centers, prospectively including individuals with suspicion of CI or DEM. All underwent the Eurotest, Memory Alteration Test (M@T), and Phototest, applied in a balanced manner. Clinical, functional, and cognitive studies were independently performed in a blinded fashion in a Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, and the gold standard diagnosis was established by consensus of expert neurologists on the basis of these results. Effectiveness of tests was assessed as the proportion of correct diagnoses (diagnostic accuracy [DA]) and the kappa index of concordance (k) with respect to gold standard diagnoses. Costs were based on public prices at the time and hospital accounts. Results The study included 139 individuals: 47 with DEM, 36 with CI, and 56 without CI. No significant differences in effectiveness were found among the tests. For DEM screening: Eurotest (k = 0.71 [0.59–0.83], DA = 0.87 [0.80–0.92]), M@T (k = 0.72 [0.60–0.84], DA = 0.87 [0.80–0.92]), Phototest (k = 0.70 [0.57–0.82], DA = 0.86 [0.79–0.91]). For CI screening: Eurotest (k = 0.67 [0.55–0.79]; DA = 0.83 [0.76–0.89]), M@T (k = 0.52 [0.37–0.67]; DA = 0.80 [0.72–0.86]), Phototest (k = 0.59 [0.46–0.72]; DA = 0.79 [0.71–0.86]). There were no differences in the cost of DEM screening, but the cost of CI screening was significantly higher with M@T (330.7±177.1€, mean±sd) than with Eurotest (294.1±195.0€) or Phototest (296.0±196.5€). Application time was shorter with Phototest (2.8±0.8 min) than with Eurotest (7.1±1.8 min) or M@T (6.8±2.2 min). Conclusions Eurotest, M@T, and Phototest are equally effective. Eurotest and Phototest are both less expensive options but Phototest is the most efficient, requiring the shortest application time.
The Potential Role of Lycopene for the Prevention and Therapy of Prostate Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence

Lycopene is a phytochemical that belongs to a group of pigments known as carotenoids. It is red, lipophilic and naturally occurring in many fruits and vegetables, with tomatoes and tomato-based products containing the highest concentrations of bioavailable lycopene. Several epidemiological studies have linked increased lycopene consumption with decreased prostate cancer risk. These findings are supported by in vitro and in vivo experiments showing that lycopene not only enhances the antioxidant response of prostate cells, but that it is even able to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and decrease the metastatic capacity of prostate cancer cells. However, there is still no clearly proven clinical evidence supporting the use of lycopene in the prevention or treatment of prostate cancer, due to the only limited number of published randomized clinical trials and the varying quality of existing studies. The scope of this article is to discuss the potential impact of lycopene on prostate cancer by giving an overview about its molecular mechanisms and clinical effects.
Sleep, Periodic Breathing and Snoring in the Aged: Control of Ventilation in the Aging and Diseased Respiratory System *

ABSTRACT: The mechanical characteristics of the human lung have been well studied in relation to aging, under conditions of rest, exercise and various stresses, including the effect of drugs. The few studies that have been made on the control of ventilation with aging have not revealed any loss of response of the “respiratory centers” in normal elderly people. The ventilatory response to inhalation of high concentrations of CO2 is depressed under conditions believed to act centrally on the “respiratory centers,” e.g., during sleep. Normal aging may be associated with loss of CNS cells as well as sleep disturbances, but there is no proof that it is associated with abnormalities of ventilatory response. The ventilatory response to CO2 inhalation is influenced also by peripheral factors; even normal persons respond inadequately if the work of breathing is increased by introducing resistance into the respiratory circuit. This matter requires further study in the aged. The clinical impression is yet to be established that Cheyne‐Stokes breathing and snoring are more common in elderly normal subjects. In the person who snores, the sensitivity of the “respiratory centers” is reduced by sleep and the work of breathing is increased by upper‐airway obstruction; a study of blood gases might indicate insensitivity of the respiratory center to CO2. To date there is no firm evidence that normal old age under ordinary conditions of living is associated with impaired regulation of respiration.
Marked Insulin Resistance in Obese Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Adipocytes Is Ameliorated by in Vivo but Not in Vitro Treatment with Moxonidine

The obese spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHROB) is a model of marked insulin resistance with normoglycemia. We sought to determine whether insulin resistance extends to adipocytes and the impact of an insulin-sensitizing imidazoline, moxonidine (4 mg/kg/days for 21 days). Gonadal adipocytes were isolated from SHROB and lean spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) littermates. In lean SHR adipocytes, Akt activation by 100 nM insulin peaked at 3 min at 25-fold, whereas SHROB adipocytes showed only 4-fold activation. In dose-response experiments, the maximal response (Emax) was markedly reduced 18.8 ± 2.3 versus 3.7 ± 0.8. Insulin sensitivity was also attenuated, with higher concentrations required for responses (EC50 = 3.5 ± 0.5 versus 29 ± 3.8 nM). Glucose uptake as determined with [3H]2-deoxyglucose was also less responsive to insulin in SHROB relative to lean SHR. Moxonidine had little or no effect when applied acutely in vitro, but adipocytes isolated from SHROB treated with moxonidine in vivo showed significantly improved responses to insulin, both in terms of Akt activation and facilitation of glucose uptake. Chronic but not acute moxonidine treatment partially restores insulin sensitivity in SHROB adipocytes, suggesting an indirect action of this agent.
Mobile Banking in India: Practices,Challenges and Security Issues

The increased prevalence of mobile phones provides exciting opportunities for the growth of mobile banking (m-banking). This paper reviews the emerging research literature on mbanking. It presents a classification framework for m-banking research based on 65 m-banking papers published between 2000 and mid-2010 in Information Systems (IS), technology innovation, management, and marketing journals, and major IS conferences. These papers are classified into five main categories: m-banking overview and conceptual issues, Features & Benefits of Mobile Banking, Current operating practices of commercial banks, Mobile banking/payment practices in Indian Commercial Banks and Challenges in India strategic, legal and ethical issues. It is expected that the comprehensive list of references and assessments presented in this paper will provide a useful anatomy of young m-banking literature to anyone who is interested in m-banking and help stimulate further interest.
TRAIL-R2 promotes skeletal metastasis in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model

Despite improvements in detection, surgical approaches and systemic therapies, breast cancer remains typically incurable once distant metastases occur. High expression of TRAIL-R2 was found to be associated with poor prognostic parameters in breast cancer patients, suggesting an oncogenic function of this receptor. In the present study, we aimed to determine the impact of TRAIL-R2 on breast cancer metastasis. Using an osteotropic variant of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we examine the effects of TRAIL-R2 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, in addition to the reduced levels of the proliferation-promoting factor HMGA2 and corresponding inhibition of cell proliferation, knockdown of TRAIL-R2 increased the levels of E-Cadherin and decreased migration. In vivo, these cells were strongly impaired in their ability to form bone metastases after intracardiac injection. Evaluating possible underlying mechanisms revealed a strong downregulation of CXCR4, the receptor for the chemokine SDF-1 important for homing of cancers cells to the bone. In accordance, cell migration towards SDF-1 was significantly impaired by TRAIL-R2 knockdown. Conversely, overexpression of TRAIL-R2 upregulated CXCR4 levels and enhanced SDF-1-directed migration. We therefore postulate that inhibition of TRAIL-R2 expression could represent a promising therapeutic strategy leading to an effective impairment of breast cancer cell capability to form skeletal metastases.
A software-defined radio receiver architecture robust to out-of-band interference

In a software-defined radio (SDR) receiver it is desirable to minimize RF band-filtering for flexibility, size and cost reasons, but this leads to increased out-of-band interference (OBI). Besides harmonic and intermodulation distortion (HD/IMD), OBI can also lead to blocking and harmonic mixing. A wideband LNA [1, 2] amplifies signal and interference with equal gain. Even a low gain of 6dB can clip 0dBm OBI to a 1.2V supply, blocking the receiver. Hard-switching mixers not only translate the wanted signal to baseband but also the interference around LO harmonics. Harmonic rejection (HR) mixers have been used [3, 1, 4], but are sensitive to phase and gain mismatch. Indeed the HR in [4] shows a large spread, whereas other work only shows results from one chip [3, 1]. This paper describes techniques to relax blocking and HD/IMD, and make HR robust to mismatch.