Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Interpretable Anomaly Detection Using Causal Algorithmic Recourse

As many deep anomaly detection models have been deployed in the real-world, interpretable anomaly detection becomes an emerging task. Recent studies focus on identifying features of samples leading to abnormal outcomes but cannot recommend a set of actions to ﬂip the abnormal outcomes. In this work, we focus on interpretations via algorithmic recourse that shows how to act to revert abnormal predictions by suggesting actions on features. The key challenge is that algorithmic recourse involves interventions in the physical world, which is fundamentally a causal problem. To tackle this challenge, we propose an interpretable Anomaly Detection framework using Causal Algorithmic Recourse (ADCAR), which recommends recourse actions and infers counterfactual of abnormal samples guided by the causal mechanism. Experiments on three datasets show that ADCAR can ﬂip the abnormal labels with minimal interventions.
Flat-topped mounds in western Ross Sea: Carbonate mounds or subglacial volcanic features?

Detailed multibeam bathymetry data in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, delineate a field of unusual flat-topped seafloor mounds located ∼50 km west of Franklin Island and an arcuate zone of pockmarks to the northwest and west of Franklin Island. Sixteen mounds occur in an area about 30 km square at a depth of ∼500 m, within the Terror Rift, the active extensional part of the Victoria Land Basin. The mounds tend to be circular in the east and linear in the west, with their steepest slope to the southeast, and shallowest slope to the northwest, consistent with erosion by northwest ice-sheet movement. The largest mound is ∼4 km across and 100 m high. Five similar features were delineated to the south and east of Franklin Island at depths of 400–650 m. Seismic, gravity, and magnetic data indicate that the mounds are largely low-density, nonmagnetic bodies overlying a largely nondisrupted sedimentary section, but some mounds have an associated small (∼50 nT), short-wavelength, normal or reversed magnetic anomaly, indicating a magnetic core to the mounds. Their proximity to inferred subsurface gas hydrates suggests they may be carbonate banks, but they also occur close to volcanic centers including Franklin Island. Our preferred interpretation is that they are of volcanic origin, erupted during a geomagnetic reversal and under a grounded ice sheet forming hyaloclastite edifices, previously unknown under the Ross Sea. The pockmarks range from 200 m to 500 m in diameter.
TE141K: Artistic Text Benchmark for Text Effects Transfer

—Text effects are combinations of visual elements such as outlines, colors and textures of text, which can dramatically improve its artistry. Although text effects are extensively utilized in the design industry, they are usually created by human experts due to their extreme complexity, which is laborious and not practical for normal users. In recent years, some efforts have been made for automatic text effects transfer, however, the lack of data limits the capability of transfer models. To address this problem, we introduce a new text effects dataset, TE141K, with 141,081 text effects/glyph pairs in total. Our dataset consists of 152 professionally designed text effects, rendered on glyphs including English letters, Chinese characters, Arabic numerals, etc. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest dataset for text effects transfer as far. Based on this dataset, we propose a baseline approach named Text Effects Transfer GAN (TET-GAN), which supports the transfer of all 152 styles in one model and can efﬁciently extend to new styles. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive comparison where 14 style transfer models are benchmarked. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of TET-GAN both qualitatively and quantitatively, and indicate that our dataset is effective and challenging.
Glacitectonites in till stratigraphy

By analogy with hard rock myloniles it is suggested that the base of a glacial, litho-structural, stratigraphical unit should he taken at the lower limit of penetrative structures in (soft) bedrock. Reference is made to mylonites in the NW Basal Gneiss Complex of South Norway and to the Marly Drift of Norfolk, England.
Ensemble of transfer component analysis for domain adaptation in hyperspectral remote sensing image classification

In this work, we address the problem of unsupervised domain transfer learning via an ensemble strategy in the context of classification between multiple hyperspectral images. The objective of domain adaption is to assign the label to an image of interest (the target image) using the labeled samples in the source image. The proposed method is based on the rotation-based ensemble and transfer component analysis (TCA). In this method, the feature space in both source and target image is divided into several disjoint feature subsets. Then, the features induced by the TCA technique in the source domain are used as the input space to a random forest (RF) classifier. Finally, the results achieved by each step are fused by a majority vote. We compare the proposed method, ensemble of TCA (E-TCA), with a regular RF and an RF with the reduced features by the TCA. Experiments on the real hyperspectral image acquired over a Japanese mixed forest show remarkable cross-image classification performances.
Crustal deformation across and beyond the Los Angeles basin from geodetic measurements

We combine 6 years of Global Positioning System (GPS) data with 20 years of trilateration data and a century of triangulation, taped distance, and astronomic azimuth measurements to derive 66 interseismic station velocities in the greater Los Angeles region. We interpolate the velocities to construct a regional strain rate map beyond the Los Angeles basin. Our results generally agree with the model proposed by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities in 1995. Important regional findings of this study are as follows: (1) There is a significant N-S convergence and E-W extension, about 0.22 and 0.17 : 0.05 #strain/yr, respectively, for the two components, along the southern frontal fault system of the San Gabriel Mountains. (2) The crustal deformation around the Big Bend of the San Andreas fault (SAF) cannot be explained solely by wrench-style motion across the SAF. Remaining motion could be part of a NW-SE extension which is the response to NFSW compression in the central Transverse Ranges region. Alternatively, it could be caused by left-lateral faulting on an oblique blind thrust beneath the San Gabriel Mountains. (3) Low strain rates axe found along the Elsinore fault and Newport-Inglewood (4) North-south compression decreases from the Raymond Hill fault westward to the Santa Monica fault. There is little east-west extension along this fault system.
Influences of relative humidity and Indian monsoon precipitation on leaf water stable isotopes from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

This project report results of the first leaf water δ18O and δD time series of the woody plant Quercus aquifolioides undertaken on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (STP). The data show that δD of leaf water underwent less enrichment than δ18O relative to precipitation and soil water, and could “inherit” the δD value characteristics of precipitation far better than δ18O. The leaf water δD values were strongly modified by evaporative enrichment in response to lower and more drastically changing relative humidity observed outside of the rainy season. In comparison, leaf water δD values more closely tracked those observed in the monsoon precipitation (acted as source water) in the rainy season. Our findings suggest that leaf water δD values from the STP were sensitive to the Indian monsoon activities, and the effects of relative humidity and the Indian monsoon precipitation should be considered for stable isotopes in tree ring cellulose or other biomarkers studies on the STP.
Vlerick Leuven Gent Working Paper Series 2004/05 the Joint Effects of Customer Profitability Reports and Sales Support Diversity in Effective Customer Pricing the Joint Effects of Customer Profitability Reports and Sales Support Diversity in Effective Customer Pricing*

*The authors acknowledge the helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. We further appreciate all comments to earlier drafts from workshop participants at the management accounting section's midyear conference ABSTRACT This paper experimentally investigates the value-enhancing effects of more accurate customer profitability analysis (CuPA) reports on customer pricing decisions and firm profitability when customers place different demands on the firm's support functions. Activity-based driven CuPA reports are contrasted against less accurate reports, either based on traditional volume-based costing or on aggregated feedback. Cost complexity of the environment was further varied by either low or high diversity in resource usage across customers depending on whether or not the most costly type of customer always consumed more resources in each of the various support functions of the firm. Results suggest that the diversity in resource requirements serves as an important 'contextual factor' for CuPA to have incremental value over the less accurate report types. Only when usage of sales support becomes more diverse, CuPA provides strong opportunities for learning resulting in more effective customer pricing and profit improvement. Results further show some profit benefits of volume-based costing reports. Even though cost allocations are more distorted, they still perform better than aggregated reports that do not allocate marketing overhead, but only in a more complex cost settings.
Sensitivity testing the effect of breach representation for two contrasting coastal floodplains

Coastal floodplains in the south of England are at high risk of tidal flooding due to extreme water levels. The breaching of coastal defences is the most dominant source of floodwater and is a spatially and temporally uncertain process. However, there is an increasing requirement for predictive breach modelling for the simulation of coastal flood inundation. The main aim of this project is to investigate how the LISFLOOD-FP models predictions of flood inundation are affected by the variation of simplified breach representations. The research focuses on how the time varying representation of inflow discharge (represented by the QVAR boundary condition type in the model) can be utilised in a range of different breach scenarios, and how in turn this affects the flood inundation characteristics for a rural floodplain at Lymington/Pennington and an urban floodplain at Old Portsmouth. An inflow model based on an offline weir discharge equation was derived and validated in a simulation of the December 1989 storm surge event at Lymington/Pennington. The different breach scenarios then utilised this proposed inflow model and systematically varied the two breach parameters of breach growth and breach initiation timing for a 1 in 200 year extreme water level condition at both study sites. Analysis of the results indicate that the rate of breach development and the timing of breach initiation has a considerable effect on the overall flood extents and the rate and pattern of inundation at both the rural and urban study sites. Furthermore, comparison of the two study sites using individual benchmark floodplain compartments and simulations with a combined rural/urban DEM showed that the presence of elevated urban features on the floodplain has a significant influence on the flood inundation characteristics. Further research is required to assess the limitations and the validity of the proposed QVAR inflow model for modelling breaching events. Also, the evaluation of the two breach parameters in a probabilistic setting is recommended to assist in managing future coastal flood risk on both rural and urban floodplains.
Early Neolithic woodland composition and exploitation in the Southern Levant: a comparison between archaeobotanical remains from WF16 and present-day woodland at Hammam Adethni

Abstract Excavations at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of WF16 in the Southern Levant produced an archaeobotanical assemblage constituted by plant macro-fossils and wood charcoal. As with all such assemblages, its species composition will most likely provide a biased reflection of those within the Neolithic woodland that had been exploited owing to cultural selection and differential preservation. As a means of facilitating its interpretation, a survey was undertaken of a relatively undisturbed patch of gallery woodland associated with a permanent water course at Hammam Adethni, approximately four kilometres south-east of WF16. The substantial overlap of the species within this woodland and those in the archaeobotanical assemblage suggests that this present-day woodland provides an analogue for that of the Neolithic and may therefore indicate what other plant resources the inhabitants of WF16 may have exploited, but which have left no archaeological trace. The interpretation of the results is supported by a comparative study of wood charcoal from present-day Bedouin hearths in Wadi Faynan.
Time functions appropriate for deep earthquakes

The seismic signatures of isolated body phases from many deep-focus earthquakes were analyzed in the time domain. Most shocks were found to be multiple events when examined in detail. The time history derived from P waves for single events predict synthetic S-wave shapes that match the observations, indicating compatibility with shear dislocation theory. Several other features of source functions in the time domain have been brought to light.
Algorithm 920: SFSDP: A Sparse Version of Full Semidefinite Programming Relaxation for Sensor Network Localization Problems

SFSDP is a Matlab package for solving sensor network localization (SNL) problems. These types of problems arise in monitoring and controlling applications using wireless sensor networks. SFSDP implements the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation proposed in Kim et al. [2009] for sensor network localization problems, as a sparse version of the full semidefinite programming relaxation (FSDP) by Biswas and Ye [2004]. To improve the efficiency of FSDP, SFSDP exploits the aggregated and correlative sparsity of a sensor network localization problem. As a result, SFSDP can handle much larger problems than other software as well as three-dimensional anchor-free problems. SFSDP analyzes the input data of a sensor network localization problem, solves the problem, and displays the computed locations of sensors. SFSDP also includes the features of generating test problems for numerical experiments.
Cooperative Flight Control Using Visual-Attention - Air-Guardian

—The cooperation of a human pilot with an autonomous agent during ﬂight control realizes parallel autonomy. A parallel-autonomous system acts as a guardian that signiﬁ-cantly enhances the robustness and safety of ﬂight operations in challenging circumstances. Here, we propose an air-guardian concept that facilitates cooperation between an artiﬁcial pilot agent and a parallel end-to-end neural control system. Our vision-based air-guardian system combines a causal continuous-depth neural network model with a cooperation layer to enable parallel autonomy between a pilot agent and a control system based on perceived differences in their attention proﬁle. The attention proﬁles are obtained by computing the networks’ saliency maps (feature importance) through the VisualBack-Prop algorithm. The guardian agent is trained via reinforcement learning in a ﬁxed-wing aircraft simulated environment. When the attention proﬁle of the pilot and guardian agents align, the pilot makes control decisions. If the attention map of the pilot and the guardian do not align, the air-guardian makes interventions and takes over the control of the aircraft. We show that our attention-based air-guardian system can balance the trade-off between its level of involvement in the ﬂight and the pilot’s expertise and attention. We demonstrate the effectivness of our methods in simulated ﬂight scenarios with a ﬁxed-wing aircraft and on a real drone platform.
Joint Sensing and Communication Rates Control for Energy Efficient Mobile Crowd Sensing

Driven by the fast development of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, tremendous data need to be collected by sensors and passed to the servers for further process. As a promising solution, the mobile crowd sensing (MCS) enables controllable sensing and transmission processes for multiple types of data in a single device. To achieve the energy efﬁcient MCS, the data sensing and transmission over a long-term time duration should be designed accounting for the differentiated requirements of IoT tasks including data size and delay tolerance. The said design is achieved by jointly optimizing the sensing and transmission rates, which leads to a complex optimization problem due to the restraining relationship between the controlling variables as well as the existence of busy time interval during which no data can be sensed. To deal with such problem, a vital concept namely height is introduced, based on which the classical string-pulling algorithms can be applied for obtaining the corresponding optimal sensing and transmission rates. Therefore, the original rates optimization problem can be converted to a searching problem for the optimal height. Based on the property of the objective function, the upper and lower bounds of the area where the optimal height lies in are derived. The whole searching area is further divided into a series of sub-areas due to the format change of the objective function with the varying heights. Finally, the optimal height in each sub-area is obtained based on the convexity of the objective function and the global optimal height is further determined by comparing the local optimums. The above solving approach is further extended for the case with limited data buffer capacity of the server. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed design.
Evapotranspiration of Grasslands and Pastures in North-Eastern Part of Poland

The problem of plant water requirements and supply is of great importance to agricultural water management. It is crucial to determine and provide the water amount required in a certain region to support the plants assimilation function. The quantity of water required on a specific farm can be determined by analyzing the water balance, where precipitation and evapotranspiration are basic elements. Evapotranspiration data is also indispensable when mathematically modelling the water balance. The values of evapotranspiration can be obtained from lysimeter measurements. However, this measurement is labour intensive and also requires special equipment; thus, it is not widely applied. To address this problem, a number of methods of evapotranspiration estimation based on physical and empirical equations are available, where the quantity of evapotranspiration depends on other measured factors. Penman (1948) developed a method for determination of the potential evapotranspiration as a product of the crop coefficient for a certain crop in a certain development stage and the reference evapotranspiration (Łabedzki et al., 1996). Open water surface evaporation is the reference evapotranspiration used in this method. Currently, the method most widely applied in Poland for evapotranspiration estimation is a method called the “French Modified Penman method”, which is a version of FAO Modified Penman method (Doorenbos & Pruitt, 1977), with the net radiation flux calculated by Podogrodzki (Roguski et al., 1988). Name of “Modified Penman method” is using in further part of this text. On the other hand, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommends the Penman-Monteith method for evapotranspiration estimation (Allen et al., 1998). The aforementioned methods require relevant crop coefficients to estimate the potential evapotranspiration. Although crop coefficients for grasslands and pastures applicable to the modified Penman are available for Polish conditions (Roguski et al., 1988; Brandyk et al., 1996; Szuniewicz & Chrzanowski, 1996), the problem occurs when the potential evapotranspiration has to be calculated according to the FAO standards which require the Penman-Monteith method to be used. Both the methods (Modified Penman and PenmanMonteith) require meteorological data including: air temperature, humidity, cloudiness or sunshine and wind speed. If one or more of the required inputs are not available, then applying any of the two methods is difficult, perhaps even impossible. In such cases, the Thornthwaite method, developed in 1931, can be a viable alternative (Byczkowski, 1979; Skaags, 1980; Newman, 1981; Pereira & Pruitt, 2004). The Thornthwaite method is commonly used in the USA. This method requires only two basic climatic inputs that
Learning part-based spatial models for laser-vision-based room categorization

Room categorization, that is, recognizing the functionality of a never before seen room, is a crucial capability for a household mobile robot. We present a new approach for room categorization that is based on two-dimensional laser range data. The method is based on a novel spatial model consisting of mid-level parts that are built on top of a low-level part-based representation. The approach is then fused with a vision-based method for room categorization, which is also based on a spatial model consisting of mid-level visual parts. In addition, we propose a new discriminative dictionary learning technique that is applied for part-dictionary selection in both laser-based and vision-based modalities. Finally, we present a comparative analysis between laser-based, vision-based, and laser-vision-fusion-based approaches in a uniform part-based framework, which is evaluated on a large dataset with several categories of rooms from domestic environments.
Status of Automatic Calibration for Hydrologic Models: Comparison with Multilevel Expert Calibration

The usefulness of a hydrologic model depends on how well the model is calibrated. Therefore, the calibration procedure must be conducted carefully to maximize the reliability of the model. In general, manual procedures for calibration can be extremely time-consuming and frustrating, and this has been a major factor inhibiting the widespread use of the more sophisticated and complex hydrologic models. A global optimization algorithm entitled shuffled complex evolution recently was developed that has proved to be consistent, effective, and efficient in locating the globally optimal model parameters of a hydrologic model. In this paper, the capability of the shuffled complex evolution automatic procedure is compared with the interactive multilevel calibration multistage semiautomated method developed for calibration of the Sacramento soil moisture accounting streamflow forecasting model of the U.S. National Weather Service. The results suggest that the state of the art in automatic calibration now can be exp.
Scheduling and Simulation: How to Upgrade Distributed Systems

Upgrading the software of long-lived distributed systems is difficult. It is not possible to upgrade all the nodes in a system at once, since some nodes may be down and halting the system for an upgrade is unacceptable. This means that different nodes may be running different software versions and yet need to communicate, even though those versions may not be fully compatible. We present a methodology and infrastructure that addresses these challenges and makes it possible to upgrade distributed systems automatically while limiting service disruption.