Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of early biphasic activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in response to ultraviolet B radiation

The damage to DNA caused by ultraviolet B radiation (280-320 nm) contributes significantly to development of sunlight-induced skin cancers. The susceptibility of mice to ultraviolet B-induced skin carcinogenesis is increased by an inhibitor of the DNA damage-activated nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP), hence PARP activation is likely to be associated with cellular responses that suppress carcinogenesis. To understand the role of activated PARP in these cellular functions, we need to first clearly identify the cause of PARP activation in ultraviolet B-irradiated cells. Ultraviolet B, like ultraviolet C, causes direct DNA damage of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer and 6, 4-photoproduct types, which are subjected to the nucleotide excision repair. Moreover, ultraviolet B also causes oxidative DNA damage, which is subjected to base excision repair. To identify which of these two types of DNA damage activates PARP, we examined mechanism of early PARP activation in mouse fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet B and C radiations. The ultraviolet B-irradiated cells rapidly activated PARP in two distinct phases, initially within the first 5 minutes and later between 60-120 minutes, whereas ultraviolet C-irradiated cells showed only the immediate PARP activation. Using antioxidants, local irradiation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and in vitro PARP assays, we identified that ultraviolet radiation-induced direct DNA damage, such as thymine dimers, cause the initial PARP activation, whereas ultraviolet B-induced oxidative damage cause the second PARP activation. Our results suggest that cells can selectively activate PARP for participation in different cellular responses associated with different DNA lesions.
Smoking Media Literacy and Smoking Behavior among Adolescents in Indonesia: a Research Proposal

SMOKING MEDIA LITERACY AND SMOKING BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN INDONESIA: A RESEARCH PROPOSAL by RANTI KEMALA NASTASIA April 14, 2016 Smoking is one of the biggest risk factors and public health concerns in both developed and developing countries. The chemicals from cigarette smoke are harmful to almost all organs of the body of both adults and youth. According to the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2014 data, 20.3% of all students aged 13-15 (36.2% of boys and 4.3% of girls) currently use tobacco in all forms. Studies demonstrate that higher media literacy has been associated with lower smoking among youth, but there is currently no research around that topic in Indonesia. The research will aim to determine whether smoking media literacy is associated with current smoking and susceptibility to smoking in the sample of youth in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This proposed research will ask a sample of secondary school students in DKI Jakarta to complete a survey that includes 16-item SML scale, items assessing current smoking and susceptibility to future smoking. A total of 86,354 participants is expected in this study. The researchers will use logistic regression to determine associations between smoking media literacy and the two outcome measures. The product of this capstone project will be in a form of a research proposal, which will be submitted to funding agencies in order to serve as a pioneer for researches on similar topic in Indonesia.
Integration in the Labour Market : Employment and Earnings among Descendants of Immigrants in Norway

Norway has been an immigrant country since the late 1960s and minority integration has since been a recurrent source of newspaper headlines and political debate. Now nearly 50 years later Norway is hosting a substantial immigrant population, and face the critical challenge of integrating their children. The economic sustainability of the welfare state could in part depend on the effective integration of descendants of immigrants to the point that they can participate in the labour force on par with native majority persons. At the start of 2013, this group consisted of over 117,000 persons, a majority of which still under the age of 20 years. Thus, in the next few years, a high number of Norwegian-born children of immigrants will seek to gain access to the labour market. To assess the labour market integration of this group, I ask two questions. One, what is their employment probability the year after graduation, and second; what are their earnings after gaining employment? Their labour market outcomes are contrasted with the results of the native majority population. In the analyses, I investigate whether there are different outcomes within specific educational fields. Due to low observation numbers within the specific fields, I choose to group descendants of immigrants into two categories; OECD and non-OECD, based on the country their
Bioenergetics and Neuromuscular Determinants of the Time to Exhaustion at Velocity Corresponding to V[Combining Dot Above]O2max in Recreational Long-Distance Runners

Abstract Bertuzzi, R, Bueno, S, Pasqua, LA, Acquesta, FM, Batista, MB, Roschel, H, Kiss, MAPDM, Serrão, JC, Tricoli, V, and Ugrinowitsch, C. Bioenergetics and neuromuscular determinants of the time to exhaustion at velocity corresponding to V[Combining Dot Above]O2max in recreational long-distance runners. J Strength Cond Res 26(8): 2096–2102, 2012—The purpose of this study was to investigate the main bioenergetics and neuromuscular determinants of the time to exhaustion (Tlim) at the velocity corresponding to maximal oxygen uptake in recreational long-distance runners. Twenty runners performed the following tests on 5 different days: (a) maximal incremental treadmill test, (b) 2 submaximal tests to determine running economy and vertical stiffness, (c) exhaustive test to measured the Tlim, (d) maximum dynamic strength test, and (e) muscle power production test. Aerobic and anaerobic energy contributions during the Tlim test were also estimated. The stepwise multiple regression method selected 3 independent variables to explain Tlim variance. Total energy production explained 84.1% of the shared variance (p = 0.001), whereas peak oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak) measured during Tlim and lower limb muscle power ability accounted for the additional 10% of the shared variance (p = 0.014). These data suggest that the total energy production, V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak, and lower limb muscle power ability are the main physiological and neuromuscular determinants of Tlim in recreational long-distance runners.
Neuronal heparan sulfates promote amyloid pathology by modulating brain amyloid-β clearance and aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease

Deleting neuronal heparan sulfates in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease results in faster Aβ clearance, reduced Aβ aggregation, and less amyloid pathology. Neuronal HSPGs lay a trap for amyloid The accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are abundant cell surface receptors that colocalize with amyloid plaques. Here, Liu and colleagues show that genetically engineered mice lacking heparan sulfates in forebrain neurons were protected from amyloid deposition because of a faster clearance of Aβ and reduction in Aβ aggregation. Also, the authors found that several HSPG species were increased in human AD postmortem brain tissue. These findings suggest that targeting Aβ-HSPG interactions might be an effective strategy for AD prevention and treatment. Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the brain is the first critical step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies in humans suggest that Aβ clearance from the brain is frequently impaired in late-onset AD. Aβ accumulation leads to the formation of Aβ aggregates, which injure synapses and contribute to eventual neurodegeneration. Cell surface heparan sulfates (HSs), expressed on all cell types including neurons, have been implicated in several features in the pathogenesis of AD including its colocalization with amyloid plaques and modulatory role in Aβ aggregation. We show that removal of neuronal HS by conditional deletion of the Ext1 gene, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in postnatal neurons of amyloid model APP/PS1 mice led to a reduction in both Aβ oligomerization and the deposition of amyloid plaques. In vivo microdialysis experiments also detected an accelerated rate of Aβ clearance in the brain interstitial fluid, suggesting that neuronal HS either inhibited or represented an inefficient pathway for Aβ clearance. We found that the amounts of various HS proteoglycans (HSPGs) were increased in postmortem human brain tissues from AD patients, suggesting that this pathway may contribute directly to amyloid pathogenesis. Our findings have implications for AD pathogenesis and provide insight into therapeutic interventions targeting Aβ-HSPG interactions.
A Bayesian Method for Joint Clustering of Vectorial Data and Network Data

We present a new model-based integrative method for clustering objects given both vectorial data, which describes the feature of each object, and network data, which indicates the similarity of connected objects. The proposed general model is able to cluster the two types of data simultaneously within one integrative probabilistic model, while traditional methods can only handle one data type or depend on transforming one data type to another. Bayesian inference of the clustering is conducted based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. A special case of the general model combining the Gaussian mixture model and the stochastic block model is extensively studied. We used both synthetic data and real data to evaluate this new method and compare it with alternative methods. The results show that our simultaneous clustering method performs much better. This improvement is due to the power of the model-based probabilistic approach for efficiently integrating information.
Optimal market making

ABSTRACT Market makers provide liquidity to other market participants: they propose prices at which they stand ready to buy and sell a wide variety of assets. They face a complex optimization problem with both static and dynamic components. They need indeed to propose bid and offer/ask prices in an optimal way for making money out of the difference between these two prices (their bid–ask spread). Since they seldom buy and sell simultaneously, and therefore hold long and/or short inventories, they also need to mitigate the risk associated with price changes and subsequently skew their quotes dynamically. In this paper, (i) we propose a general modelling framework which generalizes (and reconciles) the various modelling approaches proposed in the literature since the publication of the seminal paper ‘High-frequency trading in a limit order book’ by Avellaneda and Stoikov, (ii) we prove new general results on the existence and the characterization of optimal market making strategies, (iii) we obtain new closed-form approximations for the optimal quotes, (iv) we extend the modelling framework to the case of multi-asset market making and we obtain general closed-form approximations for the optimal quotes of a multi-asset market maker, and (v) we show how the model can be used in practice in the specific (and original) case of two credit indices.
Radiologic imaging in cystic fibrosis: cumulative effective dose and changing trends over 2 decades.

OBJECTIVE With the increasing life expectancy for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and a known predisposition to certain cancers, cumulative radiation exposure from radiologic imaging is of increasing significance. This study explores the estimated cumulative effective radiation dose over a 17-year period from radiologic procedures and changing trends of imaging modalities over this period. METHODS Estimated cumulative effective dose (CED) from all thoracic and extrathoracic imaging modalities and interventional radiology procedures for both adult and pediatric patients with CF, exclusively attending a nationally designated CF center between 1992-2009 for > 1 year, was determined. The study period was divided into three equal tertiles, and estimated CED attributable to all radiologic procedures was estimated for each tertile. RESULTS Two hundred thirty patients met inclusion criteria (2,240 person-years of follow-up; 5,596 radiologic procedures). CED was > 75 mSv for one patient (0.43%), 36 patients (15.6%) had a CED between 20 and 75 mSv, 56 patients (24.3%) had a CED between 5 and 20 mSv, and in 138 patients (60%) the CED was estimated to be between 0 and 5 mSv over the study period. The mean annual CED per patient increased consecutively from 0.39 mSv/y to 0.47 mSv/y to 1.67 mSv/y over the tertiles one to three of the study period, respectively (P < .001). Thoracic imaging accounted for 46.9% of the total CED and abdominopelvic imaging accounted for 42.9% of the CED, respectively. There was an associated 5.9-fold increase in the use of all CT scanning per patient (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the increasing exposure to ionizing radiation to patients with CF as a result of diagnostic imaging, primarily attributable to CT scanning. Increased awareness of CED and strategies to reduce this exposure are needed.
The (Agri)Cultural Contradictions of Obesity

Sometimes even complicated social problems turn out to be simpler than they look. Take America's ''obesity epidemic,'' arguably the most serious public-health problem facing the country. Three of every five Americans are now overweight, and some researchers predict that today's children will be the first generation of Americans whose life expectancy will actually be shorter than that of their parents. The culprit, they say, is the health problems associated with obesity.
Changes in hospitalisation and surgical procedures among the oldest-old: a follow-up study of the entire Danish 1895 and 1905 cohorts from ages 85 to 99 years.

OBJECTIVE to examine whether the Danish 1905 cohort members had more active hospital treatment than the 1895 cohort members from ages 85 to 99 years and whether it results in higher in-hospital and post-operative mortality. METHODS in the present register-based follow-up study the complete Danish birth cohorts born in 1895 (n = 12,326) and 1905 (n = 15,477) alive and residing in Denmark at the age of 85 were followed from ages 85 to 99 years with regard to hospitalisations and all-cause and cause-specific surgical procedures, as well as in-hospital and post-operative mortality. RESULTS the 1905 cohort members had more frequent hospital admissions and operations, but they had a shorter length of hospital stay than the 1895 cohort at all ages from 85 to 99 years. The increase in primary prosthetic replacements of hip joint was observed even within the 1895 cohort: no patients were operated at ages 85-89 years versus 2.2-3.6% at ages 95-99 years. Despite increased hospitalisation and operation rates, there was no increase in post-operative and in-hospital mortality rates in the 1905 cohort. These patterns were similar among men and women. CONCLUSIONS the observed patterns are compatible with more active treatment of the recent cohorts of old-aged persons and reduced age inequalities in the Danish healthcare system. No increase in post-operative mortality suggests that the selection of older patients eligible for a surgical treatment is likely to be based on the health status of old-aged persons and the safety of surgical procedures rather than chronological age.
A ARQUITETURA DA INFORMAÇÃO À LUZ DA TEORIA DE PIAGET: UMA POSSIBILIDADE EPISTEMOLÓGICA PARA A GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO

Ressalta a aplicacao da Teoria de Piaget na Arquitetura da Informacao com o intuito de contribuir para o entendimento do processo de aquisicao do conhecimento do usuario ao explorar um determinado ambiente de informacao, e consequentemente com a gestao do conhecimento (GC). Alem da possibilidade de contribuicao para a construcao epistemologica desta nova area do conhecimento - a Arquitetura da Informacao (AI), o texto objetiva, tambem, contribuir para o debate relacionado a pesquisa em GC e AI em que a abordagem da maneira de raciocinio e mudanca conceitual esta intimamente ligada a questao da construcao do conhecimento e da aprendizagem dos usuarios em um ambiente de informacao. Para alcance de tais objetivos, utilizou-se da metodologia bibliografica para compreender a necessidade de uma arquitetura informacional condizente com o processo de gestao do conhecimento. As reflexoes permitem concluir que a arquitetura da informacao, a luz da teoria Piagetiana, ajuda o usuario a aprender a buscar informacoes significativas na construcao do conhecimento, configurando-se como possibilidade de contribuicao para gestao do conhecimento, por meio da relacao com a tecnologia.
Super-Multipolar Permanent Magnet Reluctance Generator Designed for Small-Scale Wind-Turbine Generation

A permanent magnet reluctance generator (PMRG) has almost the same structure as a switched reluctance generator, but has permanent magnets in the stator yoke. Therefore, neither an exciting circuit nor a position sensor is required. This paper describes a super-multipolar PMRG for small-scale wind-turbine generation, which can be directly connected to the turbine without a gear box. The designed PMRG has two features for reducing torque ripple drastically; the first one is two-stacked structure that one rotor is shifted by 180° in electrical angle from the other rotor; the second one is that the rotor pole-tips are cut off. To find the optimum shape of the rotor pole-tip efficiently, the coupled analysis of finite element method and a general purpose optimization program is employed. In addition, load characteristics of the PMRG are indicated.
Disordered Eating: The Young Male Side

ABSTRACT Disordered eating (DE) is known to predominate among girls, and historically studies have focused primarily on them. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the characteristics of adolescent and young adult males at risk of DE. Participants (N = 2269; 15–24 years) in a study assessing their lifestyle were divided into two groups based on the SCOFF five-question screening tool: a SCOFF[+] group for participants at risk of disordered eating, and a SCOFF[-] group for everyone else. SCOFF[+] participants were more likely to be overweight and obese; have a lower socio-economic status and non-Swiss parents; experience weight issues; and report a chronic condition, poorer emotional well-being and a less positive attitude towards life. With 10% of males at risk of DE, clinicians should be aware of their specific characteristics, which should be considered red flags. DE is no longer a female-specific issue.
Molecular Basis of Cysteine Biosynthesis in Plants

In plants, cysteine biosynthesis plays a central role in fixing inorganic sulfur from the environment and provides the only metabolic sulfide donor for the generation of methionine, glutathione, phytochelatins, iron-sulfur clusters, vitamin cofactors, and multiple secondary metabolites. O-Acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS) catalyzes the final step of cysteine biosynthesis, the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent conversion of O-acetylserine into cysteine. Here we describe the 2.2 Å resolution crystal structure of OASS from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtOASS) and the 2.7 Å resolution structure of the AtOASS K46A mutant with PLP and methionine covalently linked as an external aldimine in the active site. Although the plant and bacterial OASS share a conserved set of amino acids for PLP binding, the structure of AtOASS reveals a difference from the bacterial enzyme in the positioning of an active site loop formed by residues 74-78 when methionine is bound. Site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic analysis, and ligand binding titrations probed the functional roles of active site residues. These experiments indicate that Asn77 and Gln147 are key amino acids for O-acetylserine binding and that Thr74 and Ser75 are involved in sulfur incorporation into cysteine. In addition, examination of the AtOASS structure and nearly 300 plant and bacterial OASS sequences suggest that the highly conserved β8A-β9A surface loop may be important for interaction with serine acetyltransferase, the other enzyme in cysteine biosynthesis. Initial protein-protein interaction experiments using AtOASS mutants targeted to this loop support this hypothesis.
Hypertonic Treatment Inhibits Radiation-Induced Nuclear Translocation of the Ku Proteins G22p1 (Ku70) and Xrcc5 (Ku80) in Rat Fibroblasts

Abstract Endoh, D. , Okui, T. , Kon, Y. and Hayashi, M. Hypertonic Treatment Inhibits Radiation-Induced Nuclear Translocation of the Ku Proteins G22p1 (Ku70) and Xrcc5 (Ku80) in Rat Fibroblasts. The effects of X irradiation and hypertonic treatment with 0.5 M NaCl on the subcellular localization of the Ku proteins G22p1 (also known as Ku70) and Xrcc5 (also known as Ku80) in rat fibroblasts with normal radiosensitivity were examined using confocal laser microscopy and immunoblotting. Although these proteins were observed mainly in the nuclei of human fibroblasts, approximately 80% of the intensities of immunofluorescence from both G22p1 and Xrcc5 was observed in the cytoplasm of rat fibroblasts. When the rat cells were X-irradiated with 4 Gy, the intensities of the fluorescence derived from G22p1 and Xrcc5 in the nuclei increased from 20% to 50% of the total cellular fluorescence intensity at 20 min postirradiation. No significant differences were observed between the total intensities of the cellular fluorescence from the proteins in unirradiated and irradiated rat fibroblasts. The results showed that the proteins were translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the rat cells after X irradiation. The nuclear translocation of the proteins from the cytoplasm was inhibited by hypertonic treatment of the cells with 0.5 M NaCl for 20 min, which inhibits the fast repair process of potentially lethal damage (PLD). When the rat cells were treated with 0.5 M NaCl immediately after X irradiation, the repair of DNA DSBs was inhibited. The surviving fraction was approximately 60% of that of irradiated cells that were not treated with 0.5 M NaCl. The surviving fraction increased with incubation time in the growth medium before treatment with NaCl. The proportions of the intensities of fluorescence from G22p1 in the nuclei of X-irradiated cells also increased from 20% to 50% with increasing interval between X irradiation and treatment with NaCl. These results suggest that nuclear translocation of G22p1 and Xrcc5 is important for the fast repair process of PLD in rat cells.
A Study of the Negotiation Factors for Korean Tourists Visiting Japan Since the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Using Q-methodology

ABSTRACT When a huge-scale earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident had occurred consecutively in Fukushima, Japan, in March 2011, the number of foreign tourists including Korean tourists, the largest group of foreign tourists to Japan, decreased dramatically. This study analyzed and categorized the subjectivity of Korean tourists using Q-methodology based on their perception of the frightening radiation leakage. As a result, Korean tourists were categorized into four types: the non-constraint group, the non-negotiable group, the less-negotiable group, and the more-negotiable group. Of these four types, the target of intensified marketing activities is the more-negotiable group.