Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumer‐driven nutrient dynamics in freshwater ecosystems: from individuals to ecosystems

The role of animals in modulating nutrient cycling [hereafter, consumer‐driven nutrient dynamics (CND)] has been accepted as an important influence on both community structure and ecosystem function in aquatic systems. Yet there is great variability in the influence of CND across species and ecosystems, and the causes of this variation are not well understood. Here, we review and synthesize the mechanisms behind CND in fresh waters. We reviewed 131 articles on CND published between 1973 and 1 June 2015. The rate of new publications in CND has increased from 1.4 papers per year during 1973–2002 to 7.3 per year during 2003–2015. The majority of investigations are in North America with many concentrating on fish. More recent studies have focused on animal‐mediated nutrient excretion rates relative to nutrient demand and indirect impacts (e.g. decomposition). We identified several mechanisms that influence CND across levels of biological organization. Factors affecting the stoichiometric plasticity of consumers, including body size, feeding history and ontogeny, play an important role in determining the impact of individual consumers on nutrient dynamics and underlie the stoichiometry of CND across time and space. The abiotic characteristics of an ecosystem affect the net impact of consumers on ecosystem processes by influencing consumer metabolic processes (e.g. consumption and excretion/egestion rates), non‐CND supply of nutrients and ecosystem nutrient demand. Furthermore, the transformation and transport of elements by populations and communities of consumers also influences the flow of energy and nutrients across ecosystem boundaries. This review highlights that shifts in community composition or biomass of consumers and eco‐evolutionary underpinnings can have strong effects on the functional role of consumers in ecosystem processes, yet these are relatively unexplored aspects of CND. Future research should evaluate the value of using species traits and abiotic conditions to predict and understand the effects of consumers on ecosystem‐level nutrient dynamics across temporal and spatial scales. Moreover, new work in CND should strive to integrate knowledge from disparate fields of ecology and environmental science, such as physiology and ecosystem ecology, to develop a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the functional role of consumers. Comparative and experimental studies that develop testable hypotheses to challenge the current assumptions of CND, including consumer stoichiometric homeostasis, are needed to assess the significance of CND among species and across freshwater ecosystems.
WARNER AND LECHENE Isosmotic Volume Reabsorption in Rat Proximal Tubule

A theoretical model incorporating both active and passive forces has been developed for fluid reabsorption from split oil droplets in rat intermediate and late proximal tubule. Of necessity, simplifying assumptions have been introduced; we have assumed that the epithelium can be treated as a single membrane and that the membrane "effective" HCO. ~ permeability is near zero. Based on this model with its underlying assumptions, the following conclusions are drawn. Regardless of the presence or absence of active NaCI transport, fluid reabsorption from the split oil droplet is isosmotic. The reabsorbate osmolarity can be affected by changes in tubular permeability parameters and applied forces but is not readily altered from an osmolarity essentially equal to that of plasma. In a split droplet, isosmotic flow need not be a special consequence of active Na transport, is not the result of a particular set of permeability properties, and is not merely a trivial consequence of a very high hydraulic conductivity; isosmotic flow can be obtained with hydraulic conductivity nearly an order of magnitude lower than that previously measured in the rat proximal convoluted tubule. Isosmotic reabsorption is, in part, the result of the interdependence of salt and water flows, their changing in parallel, and thus their ratio, the reabsorbate concentration being relatively invariant. Active NaCl transport can cause osmotic water flow by reducing the luminal fluid osmolarity. In the presence of passive forces the luminal fluid can be hypertonic to plasma, and active NaC1 transport can still exert its osmotic effect on volume flow. There are two passive forces for volume flow: the Ci gradient and the difference in effective osmotic pressure; they have an approximately equivalent effect on volume flow. Experimentally, we have measured volume changes in a droplet made hyperosmotic by the addition of 50 mM NaCI; the experimental results are predicted reasonably well by our theoretical model.
An Analysis on Preservation of Privacy in Data Mining

Privacy has become a key issue for progress in data mining. Maintaining the privacy of data mining has become increasingly popular because it allows sharing of privacy-sensitive data for analysis. So people are still reluctant to share information, which often leads to people who either refuse to share information or give false information. In turn, such problems in data collection can affect the success of data mining based on sufficient amounts of accurate data to provide meaningful results. In recent years the widespread availability of personal data has made the problem of privacy preservation of data mining, an important one. Several methods have recently been proposed privacy preservation of data mining for multidimensional data records. The paper aims to repeat a number of privacy preservation of data mining technology clearly and then study the advantages and disadvantages of this technique. Keywords-privacy preserving; data mining
Genetic Parameter Estimates of Carcass Traits under National Scale Breeding Scheme for Beef Cattle

Carcass and price traits of 72,969 Hanwoo cows, bulls and steers aged 16 to 80 months at slaughter collected from 2002 to 2013 at 75 beef packing plants in Korea were analyzed to determine heritability, correlation and breeding value using the Multi-Trait restricted maximum likelihood (REML) animal model procedure. The traits included carcass measurements, scores and grades at 24 h postmortem and bid prices at auction. Relatively high heritability was found for maturity (0.41±0.031), while moderate heritability estimates were obtained for backfat thickness (0.20±0.018), longissimus muscle (LM) area (0.23±0.020), carcass weight (0.28±0.019), yield index (0.20±0.018), yield grade (0.16±0.017), marbling (0.28±0.021), texture (0.14±0.016), quality grade (0.26±0.016) and price/kg (0.24±0.025). Relatively low heritability estimates were observed for meat color (0.06±0.013) and fat color (0.06±0.012). Heritability estimates for most traits were lower than those in the literature. Genetic correlations of carcass measurements with characteristic scores or quality grade of carcass ranged from −0.27 to +0.21. Genetic correlations of yield grade with backfat thickness, LM area and carcass weight were 0.91, −0.43, and −0.09, respectively. Genetic correlations of quality grade with scores of marbling, meat color, fat color and texture were −0.99, 0.48, 0.47, and 0.98, respectively. Genetic correlations of price/kg with LM area, carcass weight, marbling, meat color, texture and maturity were 0.57, 0.64, 0.76, −0.41, −0.79, and −0.42, respectively. Genetic correlations of carcass price with LM area, carcass weight, marbling and texture were 0.61, 0.57, 0.64, and −0.73, respectively, with standard errors ranging from ±0.047 to ±0.058. The mean carcass weight breeding values increased by more than 8 kg, whereas the mean marbling scores decreased by approximately 0.2 from 2000 through 2009. Overall, the results suggest that genetic improvement of productivity and carcass quality could be obtained under the national scale breeding scheme of Korea for Hanwoo and that continuous efforts to improve the breeding scheme should be made to increase genetic progress.
Role for telemedicine in acute stroke. Feasibility and reliability of remote administration of the NIH stroke scale.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Immediate access to physicians experienced in acute stroke treatment may improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute stroke. Interactive telemedicine can make stroke specialists available to assist in the evaluation of patients at multiple urban or remote rural facilities. We tested whether interrater agreement for the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), a critical component of acute stroke assessment, would persist if performed over a telemedicine link. METHODS One bedside and 1 remote NIHSS score were independently obtained on each of 20 patients with ischemic stroke. The bedside examination was performed by a stroke neurologist at the patient's bedside. The remote examination was performed by a second stroke neurologist through an interactive high-speed audio-video link, assisted by a nurse at the patient's bedside. Kappa coefficients were calculated for concordance between bedside and remote scores. RESULTS Remote assessments took slightly longer than bedside assessments (mean 9.70 versus 6.55 minutes, P<0. 001). NIHSS scores ranged from 1 through 24. Based on weighted kappa coefficients, 4 items (orientation, motor arm, motor leg, and neglect) displayed excellent agreement, 6 items (language, dysarthria, sensation, visual fields, facial palsy, and gaze) displayed good agreement, and 2 items (commands and ataxia) displayed poor agreement. Total NIHSS scores obtained by bedside and remote methods were strongly correlated (r=0.97, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The NIH Stroke Scale remains a swift and reliable clinical instrument when used over interactive video. Application of this technology can bring stroke expertise to the bedside, regardless of patient location.
Soft Decoding of LT-Codes for Wireless Broadcast

This work investigates reliable wireless broadcast with asynchronous data access. A wireless broadcast system based on LT-codes, a realization of the recently introduced Fountain codes, is introduced. We review the traditional problem formalization for Fountain codes operating on erasure channels and generalize the framework to arbitrary types of channels coining the terminology and the concept of information collecting. The sum-product algorithm in order to exploit soft-information available at the wireless receiver for decoding of LT codes is applied. Simulation results on the AWGN, as well as the fading channel, show remarkable performance gains compared to traditional erasure decoding.
A new variable gain controller for a class of uncertain linear systems via piecewise Lyapunov functions — Less conservative LMI conditions —

In this paper, we present a new variable gain controller for a class of uncertain linear systems via piecewise Lyapunov functions. The proposed variable gain controller is designed so as to reduce the effect of uncertainties and achieves good transient performance which is close to desired trajectory. In this paper, on the basis of the concept of piecewise Lyapunov functions, we show new LMI conditions for the existence of the proposed variable gain controller for uncertain linear systems. The proposed LMI conditions are useful, because the LMI conditions are less conservative comparing with the existing results. Finally, numerical examples are presented.
Comparative effectiveness of instructional design features in simulation-based education: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Although technology-enhanced simulation is increasingly used in health professions education, features of effective simulation-based instructional design remain uncertain. Aims: Evaluate the effectiveness of instructional design features through a systematic review of studies comparing different simulation-based interventions. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, key journals, and previous review bibliographies through May 2011. We included original research studies that compared one simulation intervention with another and involved health professions learners. Working in duplicate, we evaluated study quality and abstracted information on learners, outcomes, and instructional design features. We pooled results using random effects meta-analysis. Results: From a pool of 10 903 articles we identified 289 eligible studies enrolling 18 971 trainees, including 208 randomized trials. Inconsistency was usually large (I 2 > 50%). For skills outcomes, pooled effect sizes (positive numbers favoring the instructional design feature) were 0.68 for range of difficulty (20 studies; p < 0.001), 0.68 for repetitive practice (7 studies; p = 0.06), 0.66 for distributed practice (6 studies; p = 0.03), 0.65 for interactivity (89 studies; p < 0.001), 0.62 for multiple learning strategies (70 studies; p < 0.001), 0.52 for individualized learning (59 studies; p < 0.001), 0.45 for mastery learning (3 studies; p = 0.57), 0.44 for feedback (80 studies; p < 0.001), 0.34 for longer time (23 studies; p = 0.005), 0.20 for clinical variation (16 studies; p = 0.24), and −0.22 for group training (8 studies; p = 0.09). Conclusions: These results confirm quantitatively the effectiveness of several instructional design features in simulation-based education.
Multilabel Associative Classification Categorization of MEDLINE Articles into MeSH Keywords An Intelligent Data Mining Technique to More Accurately Classify Large Volumes of Documents

The constantly increasing numbers of scientific documents and the extensive manual work associated with their description and classification requires intelligent classification capabilities for users to find required information. The article discusses an automated method for classification of medical articles into the structure of document repositories, which would support currently performed extensive manual work. Understanding the Problem Exponential growth of the number of scientific documents results in increased difficulty in their categorization. This motivates our research in providing intelligent categorization methods. MEDLINE is the National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) database consisting of approximately 13 million article references to biomedical journal articles dating back to 1966. NLM employees add approximately 1,500 to 3,500 new article references every day to this database. This includes manual assignment of each article to the corresponding entries in the medical subject headings (MeSH). MeSH is NLM’s controlled vocabulary thesaurus consisting of medical terms at various levels of specificity. The rapidly growing number of incoming documents together with error-prone manual work may make this task difficult.
Fitness Noise and Localization Errors of the Optimum in General Quadratic Fitness Models

Evolutionary algorithms are generally believed to perform well in the presence of noise. Thus, they are often used for optimization in noisy environments. It comes as a surprise that hardly more than a handful of studies has dealt with the question of just how well they are doing and what can be done to improve their performance. The present paper presents empirical results regarding the behavior of genetic algorithms and evolution strategies in the presence of fitness noise for a range of objective functions. Bounds for the mean residual location error and the stationary fitness error for optimization of general quadratic fitness models with evolution strategies are derived and compared with measurements.
A SURVEY OF TELUGU OCR SYSTEM

Optical character recognition is usually abbreviated as OCR. The object of OCR is automatic reading of optically sensed document text materials to translate human-readable characters into machine-readable codes. Today, reasonably efficient and inexpensive OCR packages are commercially available to recognize printed texts in widely used languages such as English, Chinese, and Japanese. These systems can process documents that are typewritten, or printed. They can recognize characters with different fonts and sizes as well as different formats including intermixed text and graphics. While a large amount of literature is available for the recognition of Roman, Chinese and Japanese language characters, relatively less work is reported for the recognition of Indian language scripts. The research on OCRs for Indian scripts is still a challenging task. Recently, work has been done for development of such packages for Indian languages. This is reported in Proceedings of International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 1999.
Melatonin improves bone mineral density at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized controlled trial

Melatonin is known for its regulation of circadian rhythm. Recently, studies have shown that melatonin may have a positive effect on the skeleton. By increasing age, the melatonin levels decrease, which may lead to a further imbalanced bone remodeling. We aimed to investigate whether treatment with melatonin could improve bone mass and integrity in humans. In a double‐blind RCT, we randomized 81 postmenopausal osteopenic women to 1‐yr nightly treatment with melatonin 1 mg (N = 20), 3 mg (N = 20), or placebo (N = 41). At baseline and after 1‐yr treatment, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X‐ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and high‐resolution peripheral QCT (HR‐pQCT) and determined calciotropic hormones and bone markers. Mean age of the study subjects was 63 (range 56–73) yr. Compared to placebo, femoral neck BMD increased by 1.4% in response to melatonin (P < 0.05) in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.01), as BMD increased by 0.5% in the 1 mg/day group (P = 0.55) and by 2.3% (P < 0.01) in the 3 mg/day group. In the melatonin group, trabecular thickness in tibia increased by 2.2% (P = 0.04), and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in the spine, by 3.6% (P = 0.04) in the 3 mg/day. Treatment did not significantly affect BMD at other sites or levels of bone turnover markers; however, 24‐hr urinary calcium was decreased in response to melatonin by 12.2% (P = 0.02). In conclusion, 1‐yr treatment with melatonin increased BMD at femoral neck in a dose‐dependent manner, while high‐dose melatonin increased vBMD in the spine. Further studies are needed to assess the mechanisms of action and whether the positive effect of nighttime melatonin will protect against fractures.
DevCAFE 1.0: A participatory platform for assessing development initiatives in the field

The design and assessment of development initiatives is increasingly participatory, where decision makers consider feedback from affected populations. While digital data collection facilitates faster and more reliable analysis, existing data collection tools are not optimized for unstructured qualitative (textual) data and peer-to-peer participant collaboration. In this paper, we propose a system called the Development Collaborative Assessment and Feedback Engine version 1.0 (DevCAFE), a customizable participatory assessment platform that collects and integrates quantitative assessment, qualitative feedback and peer-to-peer collaborative filtering. DevCAFE incorporates a library of statistical analyses for researchers to quickly identify quantitative and qualitative trends while collecting field data. DevCAFE can run on any mobile device with a Web-browser and can work with or without Internet connectivity. We present results from two pilot projects: (1) 137 participants evaluating family planning education trainings at three Nutrition Education Centers in rural Uganda, and (2) 4,518 participants evaluating policy priorities for elected leaders in the June 2015 Mexico mid-term elections. DevCAFE collected over 19,000 peer-to-peer ratings of 336 submitted ideas. Feedback gathered through DevCAFE enabled targeted reforms to the family planning efforts in Uganda and the need for increased government attention to public safety in Mexico. Case studies and interactive demos are available at: http://opinion.berkeley. edu/devcafe/.
Subsectional Tapered Fed Printed LPDA Antenna With a Feeding Point Patch

In this letter, a log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna operating between 1.1 and 13.8 GHz with and an average peak realized gain of 5.2 dB is presented. It is suitable for GPS (L1-L5), PCS, IMT-2000, Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX, UWB, and X-band applications. The antenna is designed by introducing a subsectional tapered feedline instead of standard microstrip feeding, which leads to a remarkable lower-frequency performance. The upper-frequency performance of the antenna is improved by adding a feeding point patch. The group delay is also examined for the final design, and maximum 1.5 ns deviation is observed in UWB. By using ordinary and simple dipoles with this modified feedline approach, a superior antenna performance is obtained over a very wide frequency band, and it is validated by the comparison of three fabricated antennas. Additionally, the antenna size is also reduced without using complicated and/or top-loaded dipole structures.
Microblogging Sentiment Analysis Using Emotional Vector

This paper proposes a new approach to analyze public moods on certain events in micro-blogging. Combining with clinical psychology, we use emotional vector rather than traditional orientation to perform sentiment analysis. The emotional vector could constantly absorb new Internet emotional words with our algorithm and has hierarchical structure so as to do multi-level analysis. Experimental evaluations show that there is a strong correlation between bursty events and public moods, and sentiment analysis could implement effectively using the emotional vector proposed in this article.
CYP2B6 mediates the in vitro hydroxylation of bupropion: potential drug interactions with other antidepressants.

The in vitro biotransformation of bupropion to hydroxybupropion was studied in human liver microsomes and microsomes containing heterologously expressed human cytochromes P450 (CYP). The mean (+/-S.E.) K(m) in four human liver microsomes was 89 (+/-14) microM. In microsomes containing cDNA-expressed CYPs, hydroxybupropion formation was mediated only by CYP2B6 at 50 microM bupropion (K(m) 85 microM). A CYP2B6 inhibitory antibody produced more than 95% inhibition of bupropion hydroxylation in four human livers. Bupropion hydroxylation activity at 250 microM was highly correlated with S-mephenytoin N-demethylation activity (yielding nirvanol), another CYP2B6-mediated reaction, in a panel of 32 human livers (r = 0.94). The CYP2B6 content of 12 human livers highly correlated with bupropion hydroxylation activity (r = 0.96). Thus bupropion hydroxylation is mediated almost exclusively by CYP2B6 and can serve as an index reaction reflecting activity of this isoform. IC(50) values for inhibition of a CYP2D6 index reaction (dextromethorphan O-demethylation) by bupropion and hydroxybupropion were 58 and 74 microM, respectively. This suggests a low inhibitory potency versus CYP2D6, the clinical importance of which is not established. Since bupropion is frequently coadministered with other antidepressants, IC(50) values (microM) for inhibition of bupropion hydroxylation were determined as follows: paroxetine (1.6), fluvoxamine (6.1), sertraline (3.2), desmethylsertraline (19.9), fluoxetine (59.5), norfluoxetine (4.2), and nefazodone (25.4). Bupropion hydroxylation was only weakly inhibited by venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, citalopram, and desmethylcitalopram. The inhibition of bupropion hydroxylation in vitro by a number of newer antidepressants suggests the potential for clinical drug interactions.