Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Localization of P‐Glycoprotein and Expression of the Multidrug Resistance‐1 Gene in Human Pancreatic Cancer: Relevance to Indicator of Better Prognosis

We investigated immunohistochemical localization of P‐glycoprotein (F‐gp) on paraffin‐embedded sections from 103 cases of previously untreated pancreatic tumors and also analyzed multidrug resistance‐1 (MDR1) gene expression by polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription in 35 cases. High positive staining for P‐gp was observed in 72.8% of pancreatic tumors and in 73.2% of ductal adenocarcinoma. In ductal adenocarcinoma, immunoreactivity of P‐gp was inversely correlated with biological aggressiveness of tumors determined by histologic grading (P<0.01), tumor size (P<0.01), retroperitoneal invasion (P<0.01) and portal invasion (P<0.05). Expression of the MDR1 gene was detected in all the pancreatic tumors examined and was significantly higher than that in normal pancreas (P<0.05). The levels of MDR1 mRNA showed a moderate correlation with those of P‐gp (r=0.62, P<0.0001). Higher expression levels of MDR1/P‐gp significantly correlated with better prognosis of patients with ductal carcinoma (P<0.05). Among patients with ductal carcinoma, the high staining group for P‐gp revealed a 3.5‐fold better prognosis compared with the low staining group (HR=3.47, 95% CI=1.62, 7.45; P=0.0016). In conclusion, MDR1 gene/P‐gp expression in pancreatic cancer without chemotherapy inversely correlates with biological aggressiveness and is an independent indicator of favorable prognosis.
A Deeper Dig

Business school education transformed dramatically over the past few decades. Curricula became more responsive to shifting exigencies. Professional preparation experiences were integrated. Real-world exposure was introduced to practicums, pro bono consulting, and field projects. The business community partnered, sponsored, and mentored. Degrees were redesigned, staff reassigned, outreach aligned, and placement defined for current career paths. Business schools responded to intensely organized pressure from external forces: those that funded (i.e., students and parents) and those that hired (i.e., organizations). These constituents claimed that the value proposition was uncertain, accountability undetermined, and educational quality undemonstrated. To their credit, business schools answered with meaningful reforms that enhanced educating the next generation of professionals. However, doctoral programs have largely escaped such renovations. How has that happened? It is complex, but for present purposes it is because they simply are not subject to the HIGHLY ENGAGED external forces of other degree programs. The paradoxical consequence is that the education of those responsible for shepherding progressive new business programs has not changed at all.
Enhanced Sonodynamic Antitumor Effect of Ultrasound in the Presence of Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs

The antitumor effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, tenoxicam and piroxicam, against sarcoma 180 cells cultured in 7‐week‐old male mice were examined in vitro under ultrasonic irradiation. The survival rate of tumor cells when tenoxicam or piroxicam was added to sarcoma 180 suspension under ultrasonic irradiation was significantly lower than that when ultrasound alone was applied. Furthermore, when L‐histidine, a scavenger of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical, or D‐mannitol, a scavenger of hydroxyl radical, was used concurrently, the survival rate of tumor cells was significantly higher with L‐histidine. From the above findings, it is surmised that tenoxicam and piroxicam increase the antitumor effects of ultrasound by increasing the production of singlet oxygen and other active oxygen species.
Mutational Analysis of CDKN2 (CDK4I/MTS1) Gene in Tissues and Cell Lines of Human Prostate Cancer

To study mutation of the CDKN2 gene in prostate cancer, samples from 51 Japanese patients and four human prostate cancer cell lines were examined by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. Only one out of 51 (2%) patients revealed a mutation, which was a 24 bp deletion from the 5′‐untranslated region to codon 3, resulting in loss of the initiation site. One of the four cell lines revealed a missense mutation, a GAC→TAC (Asp→Tyr) at codon 84. These results indicate that mutation of the CDKN2 gene is rare in prostate cancer and thus does not contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cell lines may acquire more frequent abnormality of the CDKN2 gene than tumor tissues.
ANTI-OBESITY ACTIVITY OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA : A POTENT PANCREATIC LIPASE INHIBITOR

The Anti-obesity activity of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam bark powder (ZMBP) on High Fat Diet (HFD) induced obesity in rats was studied. Obesity was induced in Wistar rats by feeding High Fat Diet (HFD) for 70 days. The rats were distributed in 5 groups (n=5) viz Normal Control, Obese Control, Obese rats with 250 mg/kg ZMBP , Obese rats with 500 mg/kg ZMBP, Obese rats with Sibutramine, 0.90 mg/kg treatment. The rats were dosed orally by gavage daily for a period of 90 days. At the end of 90 days treatment with ZMBP the obese rats showed 16.33 % reduction in body weight gain at 250 mg/kg dose, 17.38 % (p<0.05) reduction at 500 mg/kg dose and Sibutramine showed 5.52% reduction in body weight gain respectively when compared with the obese control group. The DEXA analysis at the end of 90 days of treatment showed 68.99 % (p<0.01) decrease in the Fat mass at 250 mg/kg dose and 72.84 % (p<0.001) decrease in the Fat mass at 500 mg/kg dose when compared with the obese control group. The pancreatic lipase activity in 250mg/kg and in 500 mg/kg reduced significantly (p<0.001) when compared with the obese control group.
Alzheimer disease and mortality: a 15-year epidemiological study.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is considered a leading cause of death, but few studies have examined the contribution of AD to mortality based on follow-up of representative US cohorts. OBJECTIVE To examine mortality rates, duration of survival, causes of death, and the contribution of AD to the risk of mortality in an aging community-based cohort, controlling for other predictors. DESIGN Fifteen-year prospective epidemiological study. Mortality rates per 1000 person-years and the population-attributable risk of mortality were determined. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risk of mortality due to AD, adjusting for relevant covariates. Death certificates were abstracted for listed causes of death. SETTING A largely blue-collar rural community in southwestern Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS A community-based cohort of 1670 adults 65 years and older at study enrollment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Mortality. RESULTS In the overall cohort, AD was a significant predictor of mortality, with a hazard ratio of 1.4 after adjusting for covariates. The population-attributable risk of mortality from AD was 4.9% based on the same model. Examining the sexes separately, AD increased mortality risk only among women. Death certificates of AD subjects were more likely to list dementia/AD, other brain disorders, pneumonia, and dehydration, and less likely to include cancer. CONCLUSIONS Alzheimer disease was responsible for 4.9% of the deaths in this elderly cohort. Alzheimer disease increased the risk of mortality 40% in the cohort as a whole and separately in women but not in men. The mean (SD) duration of survival with AD was 5.9 (3.7) years, and longer with earlier age at onset.
Long-Term Test of a Fast and Compact Quantum Random Number Generator

Random numbers are an essential resource to many applications, including cryptography and Monte Carlo simulations. Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) represent the ultimate source of randomness, as the numbers are obtained by sampling a physical quantum process that is intrinsically probabilistic. However, they are yet to be widely employed to replace deterministic pseudo random number generators (PRNG) for practical applications. QRNGs are regarded as interesting devices. However, they are slower than PRNGs for simulations and are typically seen as clumsy laboratory prototypes, prone to failures, and unreliable for cryptographic applications. Here, we overcome these limitations and demonstrate a compact and self-contained QRNG capable of generating random numbers at a pace of 8 Gbit/s uninterruptedly for 71 days. During this period, the physical parameters of the quantum process were monitored in real time by self-checking functions implemented in the generator itself. At the same time, the output random numbers were analyzed with the most stringent suites of statistical tests. The analysis shows that the QRNG under test sustained the continuous operation without physical instabilities or hardware failures. At the same time, the output random numbers were analyzed with the most stringent suites of statistical tests, which were passed during the whole operation time. This extensive trial demonstrates the reliability of a robustly designed QRNG and paves the way to its use in practical applications based on randomness.
Using Tweets as "Ice-Breaking" Sentences in a Social Dialog System

Many goal-oriented spoken dialog systems lack a social component like small talk which often features in human-human communication. In this work we aim to alleviate part of this problem by generating sentences which have the goal to appeal to the user and increase the probability of a response. Such sentences are suitable to break the ice in the beginning of a conversation and are therefore referred to as "ice-breaking" throughout this paper. Furthermore, we use data from the Twitter account of the user in order to infer the users interests. By generating sentences about these interests we utilize the existence of homophily in social networks. A user study shows that the described sys-tem outperforms one which chooses interests at random. Furthermore, we note that 70% of the study participants would answer the system and continue talking on the same topic which was introduced by the generated sentence.
DIGESTIBLE AMINO ACIDS: DETERMINATION AND USE

For a dietary amino acid to be retained in tissue protein in an animal, the amino acid needs to be ingested by the animal and absorbed from the intestinal tract. While the absorption of amino acids is a concept that can easily be defined, it is difficult to measure. Instead, the digestibility of amino acids is measured. Digestibility is defined as the difference between the amount of a certain amino acid ingested by the animal and the amount that is excreted in the feces or ileal fluids of the animal divided by the amount that is ingested (Sauer and Ozimek, 1986). By multiplying the fraction calculated this way by 100, the digestibility coefficient is calculated. Thus, digestibility coefficients are calculated by measuring the undigested quantity of dietary amino acids rather than the portion that was digested. It is assumed that the digestible amount of dietary amino acids equals the amount that was absorbed.
Preliminary description of the feasibility of using peer leaders to encourage hypertension self-management.

BACKGROUND Despite consensus that effective treatment of hypertension reduces morbidity and mortality, control rates remain relatively low. This report describes key features of a peer support program designed to motivate individuals to improve self-management of hypertension. METHODS We recruited Veterans of Foreign Wars posts in southeastern Wisconsin and trained members of these posts to be peer health leaders over a period of 18 months. The curriculum covered information important to blood pressure control, as well as peer educator skills. During this time, the peer leaders presented educational materials and encouraged self-monitoring of blood pressure at post meetings. Surveys and focus groups were conducted to evaluate the adoption of the program at the posts. RESULTS After a series of informational mailings and visits to veteran posts, 15 posts and 27 peer leaders volunteered to participate. Fourteen posts (93%) continued active participation throughout the study period, as did 24 peer leaders. Peer leaders reported that they gained health knowledge, skills, and confidence to perform as informational resources at their posts, resulting in greater levels of health support among post members. CONCLUSION The partnership of health care professional, medical school, and veteran service organization successfully organized and maintained a community-based, peer-led program to promote healthy behaviors among Wisconsin's armed services veterans. Community physicians should be familiar with programs of this type as chronic disease self-management grows in appeal in our communities and increasing numbers of veterans return from armed service duty.
Telomere Elongation Frequently Observed during Tumor Metastasis

Changes in the number of telomere repeat arrays have been examined during metastasis of two mouse tumor cell lines. Telomeres were detected as bands and a smear by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis and gel‐hybridization using (TTAGGG)4 as a probe. Very long size variants of telomeres were frequently observed in metastatic nodules. This suggests that at least some of the tumor cells have an ability to elongate telomeres. This elongation may compensate for the continuous loss of telomere repeats due to cell divisions, which would eventually lead to cell death.
Impact of Insurance Coverage on Outcomes in Primary Breast Sarcoma

Private insurance is associated with better outcomes in multiple common cancers. We hypothesized that insurance status would significantly impact outcomes in primary breast sarcoma (PBS) due to the additional challenges of diagnosing and coordinating specialized care for a rare cancer. Using the National Cancer Database, we identified adult females diagnosed with PBS between 2004 and 2013. The influence of insurance status on overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. Among a cohort of 607 patients, 67 (11.0%) had Medicaid, 217 (35.7%) had Medicare, and 323 (53.2%) had private insurance. Compared to privately insured patients, Medicaid patients were more likely to present with larger tumors and have their first surgical procedure further after diagnosis. Treatment was similar between patients with comparable disease stage. In multivariate analysis, Medicaid (hazard ratio (HR), 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62–3.77; p < 0.001) and Medicare (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.10–2.57; p=0.017) were independently associated with worse OS. Medicaid insurance coverage negatively impacted survival compared to private insurance more in breast sarcoma than in breast carcinoma (interaction p < 0.001). In conclusion, patients with Medicaid insurance present with later stage disease and have worse overall survival than privately insured patients with PBS. Worse outcomes for Medicaid patients are exacerbated in this rare cancer.
Collapse and revival of a Dicke-type coherent narrowing in a sub-micron thick vapor cell transmission spectroscopy

In a thin cell of dilute vapour, the absorption spectrum exhibits sub-Doppler features due to the relative enhancement of the slow atom contribution, with respect to the transient nature of the interaction with moving atoms. For a two-level system in the linear regime, the narrowest response is predicted to be found for a λ/2 thickness, as an effect of the coherent character of the dipole response as early described by Romer and Dicke (Phys. Rev., 99 (1955) 532) in the microwave regime. We report here on the direct observation of this effect in the optical regime in an ultra-thin vapour cell. This effect is shown to vanish for a thickness equal to λ, and a revival is observed at 3λ/2, as expected from the predicted λ-periodicity. The experiment is performed on the D1 resonance line of Cs vapour (λ = 894 nm), in a specially designed cell, whose thickness varies locally.
Frequency Response Features of Axial Displacement Winding Faults in Autotransformers With Split Windings

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is an effective approach for detecting mechanical damage in the windings of a transformer. However, the application of FRA to estimate the winding condition of autotransformers (ATs) employed in the China High-Speed Railway is problematic. Because the split windings of the ATs are connected inside the tank, it is impossible to measure the FRA curves for each split winding outside the tank directly. Therefore, it is difficult to identify fault winding and effectively diagnose the overall condition of the windings. This paper explores the features of FRA curves under different fault conditions to help distinguish the fault winding. An equivalent circuit model is built for the AT with split windings, and the electrical parameters of the windings are determined using the finite-element method. The model is then employed to simulate typical axial displacement faults. The results show that the first antiresonance and resonance of the frequency response for connections involving series windings or series and common windings may be visible features for diagnosing winding faults and the fault level. Specifically, the first and second resonances of the frequency response for the common winding connection may be regarded as the primary feature for identifying fault windings.
The Distribution of Cutin in the Outer Epidermal Wall of Clivia Nobilis

Epidermal cell walls are commonly considered by botanists as cellulose membranes upon which more or less cutin has been deposited. On the evidence of earlier microchemical work three general regions or zones in epidermal walls are recognized: a thin outer layer of cutin (the cuticle), an inner zone of cellulose and an intermediate zone containing both cutin and cellulose. The inadequacy of this conception has been demonstrated in brilliant fashion by Frey-Wyssling (2). By studying the effect of the wall upon polarized light Frey-Wyssling has revealed a complexity of structure in certain epidermal walls that was entirely unsuspected. The outer epidermal walls of petioles of Acuba japonica were shown to possess curiously isolated plates of cutinized cellulose over each cell. The outer epidermal wall of leaves of Clivia nobilis were shown to possess marked differences in double refraction at different levels and a definite zone of isotropic material near the center of the wall, (Fig. 1A). These researches of Frey led to a further examination of the detailed structure of these epidermal walls from a microchemical point of view. In the case of Clivia, the writer (1) was able to detect the presence of three membrane constituents in the wall—cellulose, cutin and pectic materials. The structural relationships between these three membrane constituents is outlined in Fig. IB. The decrease of double refraction in the cellulose layer Z was related to an increase in amount of colloidal pectic material. The isotropic zone P was caused by the dominance of colloidal pectic material which reached its maximum in this zone. The rapid increase in double refraction as the outer portions of the wall were approached was explained by the decrease in abundance of pectic material in the wall. The maximum double refraction was reached at about the center of the zone of cutinized cellulose and at this point the pectic material reached a minimum. The decrease in double refraction as the cuticle was approached resulted from the steady decrease in the amount of cellulose present until finally when the cuticle C was reached cellulose was no longer present and the wall
Effector mechanisms of immunity in atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the medium and large sized arterial vessels, characterized by cholesterol deposition, inflammation and fibrosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles carrying cholesterol are trapped within the arterial wall. LDL has been shown to be a candidate antigen for immune responses associated with atherosclerosis and elicits both innate as well as adaptive immune responses. These studies have used different mouse models to unravel immune mechanisms involved in the progression and protection of disease, and can lead to new therapeutic opportunities. To explore the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in atherogenesis, in the context of an atherosclerosis-related antigen, we injected hypercholesterolemic Apoe -/mice with malondialdehyde (MDA)-LDL pulsed DCs. This cell transfer induced immune responses specific for components of LDL that augmented local inflammation in the vessel wall and accelerated growth of atherosclerotic lesions. This study shows that DCs presenting the autoantigen LDL can augment atherogenesis. DCs can be conditioned into a tolerogenic state by immunomodulatory mediators. HuB100 tg xLdlr -/mice were injected with DCs that had been made tolerogenic by treatment with IL-10 and loaded with the protein moiety of LDL, apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100). One single injection led to a significant reduction of atherosclerotic plaque burden in the aorta with decreased lesional as well as systemic inflammation. This DC therapy diminished the autoreactive T cell response to ApoB100, showing that tolerogenic DC presenting the protein part of LDL can attenuate atherosclerosis. Animals that are immunized with LDL together with adjuvant are protected against atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Rag2 -//Apoe -/mice, lacking functional T as well as B cells, and B cell-deficient μMT/Apoe -/mice were immunized with homologous oxLDL. Adaptive immunity was shown to be obligatory for immunization-induced atheroprotection while humoral immunity was
Ras and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Are Essential and Sufficient Downstream Components of Janus Kinases in Cell Proliferation

Cytokines exert their activities in cell growth and differentiation by binding specific cell membrane receptors. Janus kinases (JAKs) are cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases that physically interact with intracellular domains of the cytokine receptors and they play crucial roles in transducing signals triggered by the cytokine‐receptor interaction. We have previously shown that conditional activation of JAK through membrane‐proximal dimerization confers cytokine‐independence on interleukin‐3 (IL‐3)‐dependent Ba/F3 lymphoid cells and that the cytokine‐independent proliferation is completely inhibited by dominant negative Ras. In this work, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of a dominant negative form of Stat5, a major signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) expressed in Ba/F3 cells, also inhibits JAK‐triggered mitogenesis. In contrast, overexpression of constitutively active Ras or conditional activation of Stat5 by chemical dimerization fails to confer cytokine‐independence. However, concomitant activation of ectopic Ras and Stat5 molecules in Ba/F3 cells suffices for cell proliferation in the absence of IL‐3. Our results indicate that Ras and STAT are essential and sufficient components of JAK‐triggered mitogenesis. Our findings further indicate that the cytokine signal bifurcates into Ras and STAT pathways following JAK activation.