Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Low-Level Blast Exposure on the Nervous System: Is There Really a Controversy?

High-pressure blast waves can cause extensive CNS injury in human beings. However, in combat settings, such as Iraq and Afghanistan, lower level exposures associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or subclinical exposure have been much more common. Yet controversy exists concerning what traits can be attributed to low-level blast, in large part due to the difficulty of distinguishing blast-related mTBI from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We describe how TBI is defined in human beings and the problems posed in using current definitions to recognize blast-related mTBI. We next consider the problem of applying definitions of human mTBI to animal models, in particular that TBI severity in human beings is defined in relation to alteration of consciousness at the time of injury, which typically cannot be assessed in animals. However, based on outcome assessments, a condition of “low-level” blast exposure can be defined in animals that likely approximates human mTBI or subclinical exposure. We review blast injury modeling in animals noting that inconsistencies in experimental approach have contributed to uncertainty over the effects of low-level blast. Yet, animal studies show that low-level blast pressure waves are transmitted to the brain. In brain, low-level blast exposures cause behavioral, biochemical, pathological, and physiological effects on the nervous system including the induction of PTSD-related behavioral traits in the absence of a psychological stressor. We review the relationship of blast exposure to chronic neurodegenerative diseases noting the paradoxical lowering of Abeta by blast, which along with other observations suggest that blast-related TBI is pathophysiologically distinct from non-blast TBI. Human neuroimaging studies show that blast-related mTBI is associated with a variety of chronic effects that are unlikely to be explained by co-morbid PTSD. We conclude that abundant evidence supports low-level blast as having long-term effects on the nervous system.
Poststructuralism, Politics and Education

Series Foreword Preface Introduction: The Critique of Reason Poststructuralism and the Philosophy of the Subject: "The Games of the Will to Power Against the Labour of the Dialectic" Poststructuralism, Intellectuals and Postmodern Culture Against Alain Finkielkraut's The Undoing of Thought: Culture, Education and Postmodernism Foucault, Discourse and Education: NeoLiberal Governmentality Architecture of Resistance: Education and the "Politics of Space" "After Auschwitz": Ethics and Education Policy Science and Education in the "Information Society" Vattimo, Postmodernity and the Transparent Society Cybernetics, Cyberspace and the University: Herman Hesse's The Glass Bead Game and the Dream of a Universal Language Monoculturalism, Multiculturalism and Democracy: The Politics of Difference or Recognition? Bibliography Index
Laparoscopic pancreatectomy for malignancy

Utilization of laparoscopic techniques for resection of the pancreas has slowly gained acceptance in specific situations and is now being applied to more challenging endeavors, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer. This review provides a summary of laparoscopic applications for pancreatic malignancy, with specific attention to the most common methods of pancreatic resection and their respective oncologic outcomes, including margin status, lymph node retrieval, and survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:39–50. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semantic aware Bayesian network model for actionable knowledge discovery in linked data

The majority of the convential mining algorithms treat the mining process as an isolated data-driven procedure and overlook the semantic of the targeted data. As a result, the generated patterns are abundant and end users cannot act upon them seamlessly. Furthermore, interdisciplinary knowledge could no be obtained from domain-specifi silo of data. The emergence of Linked Data (LD) as a new model for knowledge representation, which intertwines data with its semantics, has introduced new opportunities for data miners. Accordingly, this paper proposes a Semantic-Aware Bayesian network (BN) model, which exploits the semantic aspectes of the LD structure.It integrates five semantic relations in the mining process. In contrast to the exisiting mining algorithms, the proposed model do not transform the original format of the LD set. So, it not only accomodates the semantic aspects in LD,but also caters to the need of connecting different data-sets from different domains.
Mitochondrial Analysis of Gene Flow between New Zealand Mallards (Anas Platyrhynchos) and Grey Ducks (A. Superciliosa)

ABSTP,CT. --One of the more well-known examples of hybridization in birds is the frequently documented occurrence between sexually dimorphic Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and several closely related nondimorphic species in the mallard complex. In New Zealand, the Grey Duck (Anas superciliosa superciliosa) is the indigenous, nondimorphic Mallardlike species, and extensive hybridization with introduced Mallards has been implicated in the population decline of Grey Ducks. Individuals from throughout the country were classified phenotypically as parentals or hybrids based on variation in plumage, bill color, and leg color. We confirmed species-specific mitochondrial DNA haplotypes by comparing restrictionenzyme fragment patterns in Grey Ducks and New Zealand Mallards to those of Pacific Black Ducks (A. superciliosa rogersi) from Australia and Mallards from North America, respectively. Our data indicate that hybridization has led not only to introgression of Grey Duck mtDNA into Mallard populations (the predicted direction of gene flow), but also to significant introgression of Mallard mtDNA into Grey Duck populations. Thus, the contention that hybridization between Mallards and nondimorphic species involves primarily Mallard males with females of the other species is not upheld for this example from New Zealand. The speciation process appears to be undergoing reversal. Received I April 1993, accepted 2 July 1993. THE INCIDENCE OF interspecific and intergeneric hybridization in the order Anseriformes is higher than in any other order of birds, reaching 30 to 40% by some estimates (Grant and Grant 1992). In addition, a substantial proportion of interspecific hybrids (20%) in this order have been reported to be fertile (Scherer and Hilsberg 1982), so there is potential for extensive gene flow and introgression between some species. Among the more well-known examples is the frequently documented incidence of hybridization between sexually dimorphic Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and several closely related, nondimorphic species. For instance, in North America, hybridization with Mallards has been implicated as one factor in the population decline of American Black Ducks (A. rubripes; Johnsgard 1967, Heusmann 1974, Ankney et al. 1987), Hawaiian Ducks (A. wyvilliana; Griffin et al. 1989), and Mexican Ducks (A. platyrhynchos diazi; Hubbard 1977). Increasing numbers of
DISTRIBUTION OF ANNEXIN I DURING NON‐PATHOGEN OR PATHOGEN PHAGOCYTOSIS BY CONFOCAL IMAGING AND IMMUNOGOLD ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Annexin I is an abundant protein in U937 cells differentiated towards a macrophagic phenotype. These cells become able to killEscherichia coli, however, the intracellular pathogenBrucella suis, known to interfere with phagosome maturation, multiply in these differentiated cells. We have analysed by confocal and electron microscopy the cellular localization of annexin I during phagocytosis of yeast, non‐pathogenicE. coliand the intracellular pathogenB. suis. Using immunocytochemical detections annexin I was found mainly as patches in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells. Upon phagocytosis of yeast orE. coliorganisms, annexin I rapidly translocated and concentrated around phagosomes. On the other hand, annexin I was never detected around liveB. suis‐containing phagosomes. However, when dead brucellae were used, annexin I did translocate to the periphagosomal region. Our results suggest that annexin I could play a role in the molecular mechanism of phagosome maturation, which is impaired by some intracellular pathogens.
Interference and SIR in Integrated Voice/Data Wireless DS-CDMA Networks - A Simulation Study

The objective of this study is to characterize the multiple-access interference in a DS-CDMA integrated voice/data wireless network. The system model is designed to accommodate bursty packet-based data services in addition to stream-based services on a shared spectrum basis. A common packet data channel (CPDC) is employed to transport bursty data services, Consequently, this study incorporates features associated with packet-based services, such as higher transmitter power, short inter-arrival times, and short service time durations, as well as features associated with stream-based services, in order to provide a complete interference characterization. The results of a detailed and precise simulation study are presented in which the influence of traffic burstiness, voice activity, spatial distribution of mobiles, and transmitter powers on the fluctuation of the interference and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is assessed. The results obtained also quantify the impact of interference caused by CPDC services on stream-based services. The interference and SIR statistics are evaluated in terms of cumulative distribution functions. Since a DS-CDMA network is interference limited, studies of this type are essential for system design, capacity evaluation, and bandwidth management.
Wolf‐Hirschhorn (4p‐) Syndrome

To the Editor: Within our Service, we are currentiy providing therapy for a child who has Wolf-Hirschhorn (4p-) Syndrome. This child is now almost three years of age. Because of the infrequent incidence of the syndrome, not a great deal of information pertaining to this condition seems to be available, particularly information that would be helpful to parents. In this particular instance, the parents would like to make contact with parents of other children with this condition in order to provide mutual support and to share information. If any readers know of a family who would be happy to have this contact, we would be grateful to hear from them. In addition, if any person has treated or provided therapy for a child with this syndrome, and would be willing to share their experience with the family, this information would be most welcome as well.
The correlation between television news credibility and the level of fear of crime

I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Naila Hamdy whose patience and support saw me through tough times. For this, I am truly grateful. To my readers, Dr. Mervat Abu Ouf and Dr. Amani Ismail, I owe a debt of gratitude for your responsiveness and detailed comments. I want to thank Professor Sara Elkhalili for her critical and straightforward comments that enabled me to question my assumptions and stay on track. Very big thanks to Dr. Manal El-Hamalawy, an outstanding educator who inspired me to take things a step further and apply to graduate school I will always remember Dr. Sawsan Shalaby’s constant support and responsiveness. My editor, Mona Hamdy, deserves a word of thanks for assisting with the writing process and agreeing to rush the work in order to meet deadlines. Last but not least, my best friend and colleague, Manal Agrama, for her support through all the challenges. Without all of you, I would not have been able to see this project to completion.
On the effects of resolution in dissipationless cosmological simulations

We present a study of numerical effects in dissipationless cosmological simulations. The numerical effects are evaluated and studied by comparing the results of a series of 643-particle simulations of varying force resolution and number of time-steps, performed using three of the N-body techniques currently used for cosmological simulations: the Particle–Mesh (PM), the Adaptive Particle–Particle–Particle–Mesh (AP3M) and the newer Adaptive Refinement Tree (ART) codes. This study can therefore be interesting both as an analysis of numerical effects and as a systematic comparison of different codes. We find that the AP3M and the ART codes produce similar results given that convergence is reached within the code type. We also find that numerical effects may affect the high-resolution simulations in ways that have not been discussed before. In particular, our study revealed the presence of two-body scattering, the effects of which can be greatly amplified by inaccuracies in time integration. This process appears to affect the correlation function of matter, the mass function, the inner density of dark matter haloes and other statistics at scales much larger than the force resolution, although different statistics may be affected in a different fashion. We discuss the conditions for which strong two-body scattering is possible and discuss the choice of the force resolution and integration time-step. Furthermore, we discuss recent claims that simulations with force softening smaller than the mean interparticle separation are not trustworthy and argue that this claim is incorrect in general, and applies only to the phase-sensitive statistics. Our conclusion is that, depending on the choice of mass and force resolution and the integration time-step, a force resolution as small as 0.01 of the mean interparticle separation can be justified.
Interference with Murein Turnover Has No Effect on Growth but Reduces β-Lactamase Induction in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Physiological studies of a mutant of Escherichia colilacking the three lytic transglycosylases Slt70, MltA, and MltB revealed that interference with murein turnover can prevent AmpC β-lactamase induction. The triple mutant, although growing normally, shows a dramatically reduced rate of murein turnover. Despite the reduction in the formation of low-molecular-weight murein turnover products, neither the rate of murein synthesis nor the amount of murein per cell was increased. This might be explained by assuming that during growth in the absence of the major lytic transglycosylases native murein strands are excised by the action of endopeptidases and directly reused without further breakdown to muropeptides. The reduced rate of murein turnover could be correlated with lowered cefoxitin-induced expression of β-lactamase, present on a plasmid carrying theampC and ampR genes from Enterobacter cloacae. Overproduction of MltB stimulated β-lactamase induction, whereas specific inhibition of Slt70 by bulgecin repressedampC expression. Thus, specific inhibitors of lytic transglycosylases can increase the potency of penicillins and cephalosporins against bacteria inducing AmpC-like β-lactamases.
Are antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies a marker predictive of relapse in Wegener's granulomatosis? A prospective study.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the predictive value of testing for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in 55 patients with systemic Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) included in a randomized, prospective trial comparing corticosteroids and oral or pulse cyclophosphamide. METHODS All 55 patients received corticosteroids. A cyclophosphamide pulse of 0.7 g/m2 was given at the time of diagnosis. After the first pulse, the patients were assigned at random to receive either pulse or oral cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg/day), independently of ANCA results. ANCA were sought using an immunofluorescence assay and an attempt was made to correlate them with relapse of WG. ANCA were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS At the time of diagnosis, ANCA were detected in 48 (87%) patients, with a cytoplasmic labelling pattern in 44 and a perinuclear pattern in four. ANCA follow-up was available for 50 patients. ANCA disappeared in 34 patients and persisted in nine. For 79% of the patients, the clinical course improved with the disappearance of ANCA and deteriorated with their persistence or increased titre. Among the patients who were initially ANCA-positive, 23 relapses occurred. Relapses were more frequent when ANCA remained positive or reappeared [13/19 ANCA-positive patients vs 3/29 ANCA-negative patients (P<0.01)]. Nine relapses (39%) occurred in patients with persistent ANCA, and ANCA reappearance preceded relapse in eight (35%). The mean time between inclusion and relapse did not differ between the patients who became ANCA-negative and those who were persistently ANCA-positive (14.6+/-13.2 vs 14.4+/-8.2 months). The mean time to ANCA disappearance was similar for the patients who relapsed and those who did not. Corticosteroids and pulse or oral cyclophosphamide did not significantly modify the time to ANCA disappearance. Throughout the study, seven patients were ANCA-negative. CONCLUSION Although ANCA positivity was associated with relapse, discordance between cytoplasmic ANCA and disease activity was not unusual. In the absence of clinical manifestations, ANCA titres alone can serve as a warning signal but not indicate whether to adjust or initiate treatment.
Structural and histochemical aspects of perirenal adipose tissue in fetal pigs: Relationships between stromal‐vascular characteristics and fat cell concentration and enzyme activity

Samples of perirenal adipose tissue were obtained from four fetuses from each of seven crossbred gilts at each of three stages of gestation: 70, 90, and 110 days. Samples were routinely prepared for histochemistry and histology. At each age, the largest fat cell clusters were consistently located near points where large blood vessels entered the loose connective tissue. Cell‐cluster size decreased with distance from the entry points of large blood vessels. Fat cells proximal to entry points of large arterioles and fat cells distal to entry points of large arterioles were the same size. Enzyme cytochemistry disclosed that reactions for glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenose (G6PDH), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and NADH‐TR enzymes were reduced in distal (relative to entry points of large arterioles) adipocytes compared with proximal adipocytes. Reactions for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in adipocytes were not influenced by location within the tissue. Small fat cell clusters with sparse capillary beds surround arterioles in distal areas of sections from fetuses at 70, 90, and 110 days of gestation. In the proximal areas of sections from 110‐day‐old fetuses, arterioles were surrounded by large fat cell clusters with dense capillary beds. These characteristics serve to distinguish perirenal depots from subcutaneous depots in the fetus.
The emotionally intelligent workplace : how to select for, measure, and improve emotional intelligence in individuals, groups, and organizations

Foreword by Warren Bennis. Preface. The Editors. The Contributors. PART ONE: DEFINING AND ASSESING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE. Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Effectiveness (C. Cherniss). Emotional Intelligence: Issues in Paradigm-Building (D. Goleman). An EI-Based Theory of Performance (D. Goleman). The Economic Value of Emotional Intelligence Competencies and EIC-Based HR Programs (L. Spencer). Measurement of Individual Emotional Competence (M. Gowing). Group Emotional Competence and Its Influence on Group Effectiveness (Vanessa Druskat and Steven Wolff). PART TWO: HUMAN RESOURCE APPLICATIONS AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE. Using Human Resource Functions to Enhance Emotional Intelligence (Ruth Jacobs). The Challenge of Hiring Senior Executives (Claudio Fernandez-Aroz). PART THREE: EFFECTIVE SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING IN ORGANIZATIONS. Training for Emotional Intelligence: A Model (Cary Cherniss and Daniel Goleman). How and Why Individuals Are Able to Develop Emotional Intelligence (Richard Boyatzis). Developing Emotional Competence through Relationships at Work (Kathy Kram and Cary Cherniss). Implementing Emotional Intelligence Programs in Organizations: The American Express Financial Advisors Case (C. Cherniss & R. Caplan). References.
Protein Folding Stability Can Determine the Efficiency of Escape from Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control*

A fraction of each secreted protein is retained and degraded by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control apparatus that restricts export to correctly folded proteins. The intrinsic biophysical attributes that determine efficiency of escape from this proofreading process have been examined by expressing mutants of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) in yeast. Secretion efficiency is strongly correlated with thermodynamic stability for a series of six point mutations of BPTI. No correlation of secretion efficiency with either oxidative folding or refolding rates in vitro is found; both the rapidly folded Y35L BPTI mutant and the slowly unfolded G36D BPTI mutant exhibit low secretion efficiency. Elimination of cysteines 14 and 38 by mutagenesis does not increase secretion efficiency, indicating that intramolecular thiol/disulfide rearrangements are not primarily responsible for retention and degradation of destabilized BPTI variants. Mutant yeast strains with diminished ER-associated degradation do not secrete BPTI more efficiently, indicating that retention and degradation are separable processes. These data support a model for ER quality control, wherein protein folding is functionally reversible and the relative rates of folding, unfolding, vesicular export, and retention determine secretion efficiency.
Supplemental Information for

Appendix 7a-d: Excel files containing list of small-round cell tumor-specific genes as determined by Knn analysis and permutation testing (at the 1% significance level), as described in appendix 1. The data is the output from the GeneCluster 2.0 program, and as such includes the values from the permuation analysis. Each file also contains the list of the equivalent Affymetrix probe names, and additionally contains the list of overlap genes between each small-round cell tumor and the tet-EF cell data, as described in appendix 1. Ewing’s sarcoma (7a), Burkitt’s lymphoma (7b), neuroblastoma (7c), rhabdomyosarcoma (7d).
Implications for Vaccine Design Virus Infection Point toward New Dengue Responses in a Novel Mouse Model of Insights into HLA-Restricted T Cell

The frequency of dengue virus (DENV) infection has increased dramatically in the last few decades, and the lack of a vaccine has led to signiﬁcant morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, a convenient murine system to study human T cell responses to DENV has not been available. Mice transgenic for HLA are widely used to model human immune responses, and it has been shown that mouse-passaged DENV is able to replicate to signiﬁcant levels in IFN- a / b R 2 / 2 mice. To cover a wide range of HLA phenotypes, we backcrossed IFN- a / b R 2 / 2 mice with HLA A*0201, A*0101, A*1101, B*0702, and DRB1*0101-transgenic mice. A DENV proteome-wide screen identiﬁed a total of 42 epitopes across all HLA-transgenic IFN- a / b R 2 / 2 strains tested. In contrast, only eight of these elicited responses in the corresponding IFN- a / b R +/+ mice. We were able to identify T cell epitopes from 9 out of the 10 DENV proteins. However, the majority of responses were derived from the highly conserved nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS5. The relevance of this model is further demonstrated by the fact that most of the epitopes identiﬁed in our murine system are also recognized by PBMC from DENV-exposed human donors, and a dominance of HLA B*0702-restricted responses has been detected in both systems. Our results provide new insights into HLA-restricted T cell responses against DENV, and we describe in this study a the epitopes the sequences of the respec-