Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Türkçede İşitsel Deneylerde Kullanılan Çapraz Birleştirmeli Uyaran Yönteminin Sınanması

Dil sisteminin beyinde zamansal acidan nasil islemlendiginin aciklanabilmesi icin beyin arastirmalarinin ve dilbilimin verilerinin birlikte yorumlanmasi gerekmektedir. Isitsel teknik kullanilarak elde edilen isitsel uyaranlarin bu baglamda incelenmesiyle, dilin beyindeki sesbilimsel islemlenisi daha acik bicimde ortaya konulabilmektedir. Bu arastirmada, Bekâr (2016)'da EEG teknigi araciligiyla incelenen isitsel uyaranlarin akustik onislemleme sureci uzerinde durulmaktadir. Bu onislemleme sureci arastirmada, Capraz Birlestirmeli Uyaran (Stimulus Cross-Splicing) yontemi olarak tanimlanmaktadir. PRAAT 5.2 Ses Cozumleme Programinda uygulanan bu yontem araciligiyla olusturulan isitsel uyaranlar, ayni arastirma sorulariyla kurulan ancak akustik onislemleme surecinden gecirilmemis olan bir baska EEG deneyinin isitsel uyaranlariyla, temel siklik (F0) ve sesletim sureleri cercevesinde karsilastirilmali yorumlanmaktadir. Temel siklik (F0) ve sesletim sureleri kullanilarak, ses caprazlama isleminin gerceklestirilecegi isitsel uyaranlarin sifir gecis noktalari (0-) belirlenmekte ve ses kayitlari dogalligini kaybetmemektedir. Turkce acisindan ozgun olan bu yontem, Turkcenin parcali ve parcalarustu sesbilimsel bileseninin incelendigi beyin arastirmalarinda uygulanan isitsel uyaranlarin daha guvenilir bulgular sunabilmesini saglamaktadir. Isitsel uyaranlarin istatistiksel yontemlerle karsilastirildigi bu arastirmanin bulgulari, akustik onislemleme surecinin Turkcede onemini ortaya koymaktadir. Buna gore, akustik onislemleme kullanilarak, ayni dilbilimsel sorunu inceleyen iki ayri beyin goruntuleme calismasinda bu yontemin deney sonuclarina nasil etki ettigi ve ileri arastirmalardaki gerekliligi vurgulanmaktadir.
Model selection in electromagnetic source analysis with an application to VEFs

In electromagnetic source analysis, it is necessary to determine how many sources are required to describe the electroencephalogram or magnetoencephalogram adequately. Model selection procedures (MSPs) or goodness of fit procedures give an estimate of the required number of sources. Existing and new MSPs are evaluated in different source and noise settings: two sources which are close or distant and noise which is uncorrelated or correlated. The commonly used MSP residual variance is seen to be ineffective, that is it often selects too many sources. Alternatives like the adjusted Hotelling's test, Bayes information criterion and the Wald test on source amplitudes are seen to be effective. The adjusted Hotelling's test is recommended if a conservative approach is taken and MSPs such as Bayes information criterion or the Wald test on source amplitudes are recommended if a more liberal approach is desirable. The MSPs are applied to empirical data (visual evoked fields).
Copenhagen City Heart Study: longitudinal analysis of ventilatory capacity in diabetic and nondiabetic adults

The natural history of lung function in diabetes is unknown due to the lack of longitudinal observations. The decline of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) was studied over 15 yrs in the 17,506 adult participants of The Copenhagen City Heart Study, which included 266 individuals with diabetes. Multiple linear regression and a mixed-effects model were used, taking into account correlation between repeated measurements and adjusting for relevant confounders. In both sexes, FEV1 and FVC were consistently lower in diabetic individuals, compared with healthy individuals, with an average reduction of ∼8% of the predicted value. Longitudinal analyses showed that the decline of FEV1 and FVC in diabetic individuals was similar to that observed in nondiabetic subjects. It was concluded that although diabetic subjects have, on average, a lower forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity than individuals without diabetes, this deficit seems not to be progressive in the long term. These observations may be of importance with regard to diabetes treatment with inhaled pulmonary insulin, which is likely to become available within a few years.
Dynamic language modeling for a daily broadcast news transcription system

When transcribing Broadcast News data in highly inflected languages, the vocabulary growth leads to high out-of-vocabulary rates. To address this problem, we propose a daily and unsupervised adaptation approach which dynamically adapts the active vocabulary and LM to the topic of the current news segment during a multi-pass speech recognition process. Based on texts daily available on the Web, a story-based vocabulary is selected using a morpho-syntatic technique. Using an Information Retrieval engine, relevant documents are extracted from a large corpus to generate a story-based LM. Experiments were carried out for a European Portuguese BN transcription system. Preliminary results yield a relative reduction of 65.2% in OOV and 6.6% in WER.
Two-Level Electron Excitations and Distinctive Physical Properties of Al-Cu-Fe Quasicrystals

This article is not a review in the conventional sense. Rather, it is a monographic study of the implications of detection in Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals of the electronic heat capacity contributions associated with the two-level electron excitations. Our aim was to reveal correlations between these contributions, on the one hand, and specific features of electron transport, magnetic susceptibility, Hall-effect, tunnelling and optical spectra, on the other hand. It is shown that the full range of these features can be understood in the framework of the unified conceptual scheme based on two-level electron excitations.
The Nature of Competition in Electronic Markets: An Empirical Investigation of Online Travel Agent Offerings

Several authors have argued that because modern computing and communications technologies reduce buyer search costs and other market inefficiencies, there should be intense price competition between sellers in electronic markets. This paper examines this prediction using data on the airline ticket offerings of online travel agents (OTA). We find that different OTAs offer tickets with substantially different prices and characteristics when given the same customer request. Some of this variation appears to be due to product differentiation -different OTAs specialize by systematically offering different tradeoffs between ticket price and ticket quality (minimizing connections, depart or return when requested). However, even after accounting for differences in ticket quality, ticket prices vary by as much as 18% across OTAs. In addition, OTAs return tickets that are strictly inferior to the ticket offered by another OTA for the same request between 2.2% and 28% of the time suggesting that this price dispersion is not a modeling artifact. We conclude that this market is not characterized by perfect competition, but find that OTAs engage in both horizontal product differentiation and price discrimination in addition to simply having some degree of random inefficiency. Our results further suggest that product differentiation is an important component of strategy for electronic markets, even in goods with relatively simple and unambiguous product descriptions.
Standard Additive Model in Data Mining

The habitual purpose of data mining is prediction, one of the most direct real-world applications. There are many technologies available to data mining in literature and they achieved some results with reasonable accuracies. This paper designs and implements an advanced model based on fuzzy inference system, namely Standard Additive Model (SAM) for forecasting the output of any record given the input variables only from the database, the age of abalone in particular. SAM offers an optimum solution for the prediction and can be definitely an alternative approach for conventional models such as neural networks. The experimental result comparison to multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) is provided in same context.
L-band on-chip matching Si-MMIC low noise amplifier fabricated in SOI CMOS process

In this paper, on-chip matching Si-MMIC low noise amplifier (LNA) was fabricated in a 0.35 /spl mu/m SOI CMOS process. This LNA offers 8.7 dB gain, 4.2 dB NF, -2 dBm IIP3 at 2.1 GHz with 3 V, 3 mA DC power. The reduction of the dielectric loss of the spiral inductor is also discussed by referring to the extraction result of the equivalent circuit parameter.
0 51 00 77 v 2 1 8 O ct 2 00 6 Gravitomagnetism and the Aberration of Gravity in the Gravitational Light-Ray Deflection Experiments

Experimental verification of the existence of gravitomagnetic fields generated by currents of matter is important for a complete understanding and formulation of gravitational physics. Although the rotational (intrinsic) gravitomagnetic field has been extensively studied and is now being measured by the Gravity Probe B, the extrinsic gravitomagnetic field generated by the translational current of matter is less well studied. The present paper uses the post-Newtonian parametrized Einstein and light geodesics equations to show that the extrinsic gravitomagnetic field generated by the translational current of matter can be measured by observing the relativistic time delay and/or light deflection caused by the moving mass. We prove that the extrinsic gravitomagnetic field is associated with the relativistic effect of the aberration of the gravity force caused by the Lorentz transformation of the metric tensor and the Levi-Civita connection. We show that the Lorentz transformation of the gravity field variables is equivalent to the technique of the retarded Lienard-Wiechert gravitational potentials predicting that a light particle is deflected by gravitational field of a moving body from its retarded position so that both general-relativistic phenomena – the aberration and the propagation of gravity – are tightly connected. We explain in this framework the 2002 deflection experiment of a quasar by Jupiter where the aberration of gravity from its orbital motion was measured with accuracy 20%. We describe a theory of VLBI experiments to measure the gravitational deflection of radio waves from a quasar by the Sun, as viewed in the geocentric frame, to improve the measurement accuracy of the aberration of gravity to a few percent. PACS numbers: 04.20. -q, 04.80. Cc
Interest in Participating in Integrated Wildlife/Livestock Land Uses in a Rural Area in South Africa

ABSTRACT Wildlife ranching is the fastest growing industry in South Africa, with most ranches having been converted from large-scale livestock farms. This article investigated perceptions and attitudes of rural communities located in wildlife-rich rural areas toward integrated wildlife/livestock land uses, and analyzed socio-demographic factors influencing household interest in these land uses. Data were collected from 130 households selected through stratified random sampling techniques from nine villages adjacent to the Kruger National Park. Results showed a general interest in pursuing wildlife land uses, but differences in attitudes toward wildlife between households with cattle and without. Multinomial regression results indicated that age, education level, monthly income, and cattle ownership significantly impacted the odds of a household being interested in participation or not. Addressing concerns about human–wildlife conflict and clarifying potential benefits to households and the community is necessary for increased interest in integrated land uses.
A Service Model for an Integrated Services Internet Status of Memo

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet-Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a \working draft" or \work in progress. " Abstract The Internet is currently being confronted with service demands from a new generation of applications. Supporting these applications eeectively and eeciently will require extending the current Internet \best-eeort" service model to one that ooers an integrated suite of services. The purpose of this memo (which is derived primarily from 34]) is to describe a proposed \core" service model for an integrated services Internet. In the Appendix we discuss the process by which such a service model could be standardized by the IETF.
Improving short utterance based i-vector speaker recognition using source and utterance-duration normalization techniques

A significant amount of speech is typically required for speaker verification system development and evaluation, especially in the presence of large intersession variability. This paper introduces a source and utterance duration normalized linear discriminant analysis (SUN-LDA) approaches to compensate session variability in short-utterance i-vector speaker verification systems. Two variations of SUN-LDA are proposed where normalization techniques are used to capture source variation from both short and full-length development i-vectors, one based upon pooling (SUN-LDA-pooled) and the other on concatenation (SUN-LDA-concat) across the duration and source-dependent session variation. Both the SUN-LDA-pooled and SUN-LDA-concat techniques are shown to provide improvement over traditional LDA on NIST 08 truncated 10sec-10sec evaluation conditions, with the highest improvement obtained with the SUN-LDA-concat technique achieving a relative improvement of 8% in EER for mis-matched conditions and over 3% for matched conditions over traditional LDA approaches.
Person Identification Based on Palm and Hand Geometry

XII CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 BIOMETRICS . 2 1.1.1 Evaluation of Biometrics and Biometric System . 2 1.1.2 Biometric Technologies . 3 1.1.3 Applications of Biometric Systems . 10 1.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND OPERATIONS . 10 1.3 HAND GEOMETRY AND PALM PRINT ANATOMY . 11 1.4 LITERATURE SURVEY . 13 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THIS THESIS . 13 SUMMARY . 14 CHAPTER 2DATA ACQUISITION . 15 CHAPTER 3SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE . 18 3.1 IMAGE PRE-PROCESSING . 18 3.1.1 Image Cropping . 19 3.1.2 Grayscale conversion . 19 3.1.3 Binary Thresholding . 19 3.1.4 Noise removal . 19 3.1.5 Peg Removal . 20 3.1. 6 Edge Detection . 21 3.2 FEATURE EXTRACTION . 22 3.3 CLASSIFICATION . 23 CHAPTER 4FEATURE EXTRACTION APPROACHES . 24 4.1 HAND SHAPE RECOGNITION USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS . 24 4.1.1 Original Method of Eigenspace Projection . 24 4.1.2 Snapshot Method . 26 4.1.3 Experimental Results . 28 4.2 EXTRACTION OF HAND GEOMETRY FEATURES USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES . 30 4.2. 1 Image pre-processing . 30 4.2. 2 Feature Extraction . 30
Fusion of Infrared and Visible Images Based on Pulse Coupled Neural Network and Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform

This paper presents a new fusion algorithm which can effectively solve the problem that has unobvious infrared target and low contrast in infrared and visible image fusion. This paper's innovation point is its fusion rule. Other algo- rithms' fusion rules usually use pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) and region characteristics to select low frequency or bandpass subband coefficients. The proposed algorithm innovatively applies improved PCNN and region characteris- tics to the selection of both low frequency and bandpasssubband coefficients in nonsubsampled contourled transform (NSCT) domain. First, the subband coefficients of original image are obtained by NSCT. Then, the decomposed subband coefficients are processed by using PCNN, whose fire mapping images are obtained. The method of region standard de- viation isused to choose the fusion coefficients of fire mapping image, which satisfies to get more image information in low frequency part. For bandpass subband coefficients' fire mapping image, the method based on region energy is adopted for the fusion coefficients, which makes the bandpass part captures more energy. Finally, the fused image can be obtained by inverse transform of NSCT. Compared with typical wavelet-based, NSCT-based, NSCT-PCNN based fusion algorithms, experiment shows that the new proposed algorithm improves the fused image'sobjective evaluation index sig- nificantly, obtainsa prominent infrared target and better fusion image quality.
Moral hazard in IT project completion. A multiplestudy analysis case

Implementing management support information systems with the use of outsourcing is the prevalent method of completing this type of project in Poland. Agency theory is one of the significant categories of theories used in the analysis of IT outsourcing. Literature studies indicate a research gap concerning the phenomenon of moral hazard in IT projects consisting in the implementation of management support information systems. The scope of this article is to present research results on the phenomenon of moral hazard based on the case study method. The research results may be interesting for theoreticians of business informatics and for practitioners completing IT projects both in enterprises and government agencies.
Mosquitoes Put the Brake on Arbovirus Evolution: Experimental Evolution Reveals Slower Mutation Accumulation in Mosquito Than Vertebrate Cells

Like other arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) is maintained in an alternating cycle of replication in arthropod and vertebrate hosts. The trade-off hypothesis suggests that this alternation constrains DENV evolution because a fitness increase in one host usually diminishes fitness in the other. Moreover, the hypothesis predicts that releasing DENV from host alternation should facilitate adaptation. To test this prediction, DENV was serially passaged in either a single human cell line (Huh-7), a single mosquito cell line (C6/36), or in alternating passages between Huh-7 and C6/36 cells. After 10 passages, consensus mutations were identified and fitness was assayed by evaluating replication kinetics in both cell types as well as in a novel cell type (Vero) that was not utilized in any of the passage series. Viruses allowed to specialize in single host cell types exhibited fitness gains in the cell type in which they were passaged, but fitness losses in the bypassed cell type, and most alternating passages, exhibited fitness gains in both cell types. Interestingly, fitness gains were observed in the alternately passaged, cloned viruses, an observation that may be attributed to the acquisition of both host cell–specific and amphi-cell-specific adaptations or to recovery from the fitness losses due to the genetic bottleneck of biological cloning. Amino acid changes common to both passage series suggested convergent evolution to replication in cell culture via positive selection. However, intriguingly, mutations accumulated more rapidly in viruses passed in Huh-7 cells than in those passed in C6/36 cells or in alternation. These results support the hypothesis that releasing DENV from host alternation facilitates adaptation, but there is limited support for the hypothesis that such alternation necessitates a fitness trade-off. Moreover, these findings suggest that patterns of genetic evolution may differ between viruses replicating in mammalian and mosquito cells.
Capacity-achieving rate-compatible polar codes

We present a method of constructing rate-compatible polar codes that are capacity-achieving with low-complexity sequential decoders. The proposed code construction allows for incremental retransmissions at different rates in order to adapt to channel conditions. The main idea of the construction exploits certain common characteristics of polar codes that are optimized for a sequence of degraded channels. The proposed approach allows for an optimized polar code to be used at every transmission thereby achieving capacity. Due to the length limitation of conventional polar codes, the proposed construction can only support a restricted set of rates that is characterized by the size of the kernel when conventional polar codes are used. We thus consider punctured polar codes which provide more flexibility on block length by controlling a puncturing fraction. We show the existence of capacity-achieving punctured polar codes for any given puncturing fraction. Using punctured polar codes as constituent codes, we show that the proposed rate-compatible polar code is capacity-achieving for an arbitrary sequence of rates and for any class of degraded channels.
A Wide-Field Hubble Space Telescope Survey of the Cluster Cl 0024+16 at z = 0.4. III. Spectroscopic Signatures of Environmental Evolution in Early-Type Galaxies

We report results from a panoramic spectroscopic survey of 955 objects in the field of the rich cluster Cl 0024+1654 (z ≃ 0.4), complementing the HST imaging presented in the first paper in this series. Combining with previous work, we compile a catalog of 1394 unique redshifts in the field of this cluster, including 486 cluster members spread across an area 10 Mpc in diameter. Our new spectroscopic sample includes over 200 high-quality spectra of cluster members. We examine the properties of a large sample of 104 cluster early-type galaxies as a function of cluster radius and local density, using them as sensitive tracers of the various physical processes that may be responsible for galaxy evolution. By constructing the fundamental plane of Cl 0024, we infer an evolution in the mean mass-to-light ratio of early-type galaxies with respect to z = 0 of Δ⟨log(M/LV)⟩ = -0.14 ± 0.02. In the cluster center, we detect a significantly increased scatter in the relationship compared to that seen in local clusters. Moreover, we observe a clear radial trend in the mass-to-light ratios of individual early-type galaxies, with the oldest galaxies located in the cluster core. Galaxies are apparently younger at larger radius, with E+S0 galaxies in the periphery having M/LV ratios that nearly match values seen in the field at a similar redshift. The strong radial trend is seen even when the sample is restricted to a narrow range in galaxy mass. Independent spectral indicators used in combination reveal an abrupt interaction with the cluster environment that occurs near the virial radius of Cl 0024, revealed by small bursts of star formation in a population of dim early-type galaxies, as well as by enhanced Balmer absorption for a set of larger E+S0 galaxies closer to the cluster core. We construct a simple infall model used to compare the timescales and strengths of the observed interactions in this cluster. We examine the possibility that bursts of star formation are triggered when galaxies suffer shocks as they encounter the intracluster medium, or by the onset of galaxy harassment.
A Structural Analysis of Price Discovery Measures

We analyze the structural determinants of two widely used measures of price discovery between multiple markets that trade closely related securities. Using a structural cointegration model, we show that both the information share (IS) and component share (CS) measures account for the relative avoidance of noise trading and liquidity shocks, but that only the IS can provide information on the relative informativeness of individual markets. In particular, the IS of one market is higher if it incorporates more new information and/or impounds less liquidity shocks. Use of the CS in conjunction with the IS can help sort out the confounding effects of the two types of shocks. Furthermore, we find that the IS only accounts for the immediate (one-period) responses of market prices to the news innovation, which implies that the IS estimates based on high sampling frequencies may be distorted by transitory frictions and may miss important price discovery dynamics.