Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 blocks MDA MB 231 human breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation.

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been shown to act as an antiproliferative agent for a number of different cell types. We show that BMP-2 dose-dependently inhibits growth of MDA MB 231 human breast cancer cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates DNA synthesis and entry of these cells into the S-phase. BMP-2 inhibits EGF-induced DNA synthesis by arresting them in G1 phase of the cell cycle. BMP-2 increases the level of cyclin kinase inhibitor p21. Furthermore, we show that exposure of MDA MB 231 cells to BMP-2 stimulates association of p21 with cyclin D1 and with cyclin E resulting in the inhibition of their associated kinase activities. Finally, BMP-2 treatment is found to cause hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), a key regulator of cell cycle progression. Our data provide a mechanism for the antiproliferative effect of BMP-2 in the breast cancer cells.
Volatility in Financial Time Series

This paper deals with some technical fundamentals necessary to understand, at least heuristically, stochastic volatility processes and associated measures. I present the stylised facts of a financial dataset in order to explore its fundamental statistical properties, which are then used to formulate a model directly inspired by the empirical regularities encountered in the data. I verify whether this model satisfactorily reproduces the empirical characteristics and represent the model in a simple state-space form and apply a Kalman filter. The ultimate goal is not only a good descriptive model but also the ability to produce reasonable predictions of future movements and risks with the natural purpose of integrating the model into practical applications, such as risk management tools or option pricing algorithms.
SAW and pseudo-SAW properties using matrix methods

Pseudo-surface-waves (PSAW's), or leaky SAW's, were first recognized over 25 years ago and the phase velocity (v/sub p/) and attenuation per wavelength (/spl alpha//spl lambda/) of PSAW modes for nonpiezoelectrics were calculated soon after. Since the seventies progress has been made in exploiting the higher velocities and electromechanical coupling constants (K/sup 2/=2/spl Delta/v/v) achievable with PSAW's for piezoelectric device applications; this has stimulated new interest in the search for piezoelectric materials with orientations which have low /spl alpha//spl lambda/, high K/sup 2/, high v/sub p/. Procedures for calculating the PSAW properties (v/sub p/, /spl alpha//spl lambda/, and K/sup 2/) are not very explicitly given. In light of the preceding we present in this paper a review of the basic features of SAW and Pseudo-SAW's using the matrix method. In this paper: the mechanically free open-circuited and short-circuited surface wave boundary value problems for piezoelectrics are formulated using the matrix method; two types of modes (SAW and PSAW) are described; and a number of computationally simple, frequency independent analytical functions are derived, from which /spl alpha//spl lambda/, v/sub p/, and K/sup 2/ are calculated for any direction on any material plane using commercially available PC software. The relationship of these functions to the effective permittivity concept, favoured by many researchers, is demonstrated and illustrative numerical examples for the PSAW's reveals that low-loss orientations are quite sensitive to material constant values. <<ETX>>
The role of C1 esterase inhibitor in the activation of C1r, a subcomponent of the first component of complement from human plasma.

Clr was isolated from human serum by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography in the presence of EDTA. The isolated Clr did not hydrolyze N(alpha)-acetyl-L-arginine methyl ester, unless activated by brief treatment with trypsin [EC 3.4. 21.4]. On thecolumn, the C1 esterase inhibitor activity was found to coincide with Clr but not C1s (another subcomponent of the first component) C1r was isolated from the euglobulin fraction of human serum by DEAE-cellulose column chromatograph. On Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, Clr was eluted in the void volume, whereas Clr was eluted in a position corresponding to a molecular weight of 140,000-160,000. The results indicated that, on activation, Clr was converted to an enzyme of lower molecular weight.
The Drug Market in Iran

This article reviews the history of the opium and heroin market in Iran, presents recent figures on the economics of drug trafficking, summarizes factors that influence supply and demand, and quantitatively analyzes the market. It analyzes economic causes and motives of supply and demand, plus risk of seizure, and the socioeconomic characteristics of consumers and retailers. All these factors support conclusions about price trends, their causes and results, the function of the market and the individual motives of its people of the different socioeconomic groups, particularly the youth.
Partitioning Models for Scaling Parallel Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication

We investigate outer-product--parallel, inner-product--parallel, and row-by-row-product--parallel formulations of sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) on distributed memory architectures. For each of these three formulations, we propose a hypergraph model and a bipartite graph model for distributing SpGEMM computations based on one-dimensional (1D) partitioning of input matrices. We also propose a communication hypergraph model for each formulation for distributing communication operations. The computational graph and hypergraph models adopted in the first phase aim at minimizing the total message volume and balancing the computational loads of processors, whereas the communication hypergraph models adopted in the second phase aim at minimizing the total message count and balancing the message volume loads of processors. That is, the computational partitioning models reduce the bandwidth cost and the communication hypergraph models reduce the latency cost. Our extensive parallel experiments on up to 2048 processors for a wide range of realistic SpGEMM instances show that although the outer-product--parallel formulation scales better, the row-by-row-product--parallel formulation is more viable due to its significantly lower partitioning overhead and competitive scalability. For computational partitioning models, our experimental findings indicate that the proposed bipartite graph models are attractive alternatives to their hypergraph counterparts because of their lower partitioning overhead. Finally, we show that by reducing the latency cost besides the bandwidth cost through using the communication hypergraph models, the parallel SpGEMM time can be further improved up to 32%.
Bose-Einstein condensation of a coupled two-component Bose gas.

In experiments on excitons and spin-polarized atomic hydrogen, one deals with a gas involving two Bose branches (for example, paraexcitons and orthoexcitons). Based on a simple model for the coupling between these two components, we discuss how interconversion processes affect Bose condensation in such a system. Our analysis is based on an exact transformation to renormalized Bose particles which are uncoupled. We give results for the condensate fraction as a function of the temperature in the case when the two original Bose particles ([ital a] and [ital b]) are not in chemical equilibrium (i.e., the chemical potentials [mu][sub [ital a]] and [mu][sub [ital b]] are not equal) as well as in the case of chemical equilibrium ([mu][sub [ital a]]=[mu][sub [ital b]]). Our results are of interest in connection with current attempts to observe Bose condensation in atomiclike gases.
Terminal Railroad Revisited: Foreclosure of an Essential Facility or Simple Horizontal Monopoly?

rOLLOWING the Supreme Court's 1986 decision in Aspen Ski,' there has been a renewed interest in the "essential facilities doctrine. " The doctrine, as we understand it, is inconsistent with economic theory. Broadly stated, the doctrine says that, if assets cannot be economically reproduced by another firm but are economically essential to all producers of some good, then all producers of that good should have equal access to the assets. The doctrine presumes that the firm controlling such assets will not provide access equally to all firms. This problem is thought to be particularly acute in cases where the firm owning the asset is one among a group of competitors needing that asset to produce some other good. The case that has been cited as "establishing" the doctrine and the "classic essential facilities case"2 is United States v. Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis.3 Several recent articles4 on this case detail three important propositions:
Response profiles of murine spiral ganglion neurons on multi-electrode arrays

Objective. Cochlear implants (CIs) have become the gold standard treatment for deafness. These neuroprosthetic devices feature a linear electrode array, surgically inserted into the cochlea, and function by directly stimulating the auditory neurons located within the spiral ganglion, bypassing lost or not-functioning hair cells. Despite their success, some limitations still remain, including poor frequency resolution and high-energy consumption. In both cases, the anatomical gap between the electrode array and the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) is believed to be an important limiting factor. The final goal of the study is to characterize response profiles of SGNs growing in intimate contact with an electrode array, in view of designing novel CI devices and stimulation protocols, featuring a gapless interface with auditory neurons. Approach. We have characterized SGN responses to extracellular stimulation using multi-electrode arrays (MEAs). This setup allows, in our view, to optimize in vitro many of the limiting interface aspects between CIs and SGNs. Main results. Early postnatal mouse SGN explants were analyzed after 6–18 days in culture. Different stimulation protocols were compared with the aim to lower the stimulation threshold and the energy needed to elicit a response. In the best case, a four-fold reduction of the energy was obtained by lengthening the biphasic stimulus from 40 μs to 160 μs. Similarly, quasi monophasic pulses were more effective than biphasic pulses and the insertion of an interphase gap moderately improved efficiency. Finally, the stimulation with an external electrode mounted on a micromanipulator showed that the energy needed to elicit a response could be reduced by a factor of five with decreasing its distance from 40 μm to 0 μm from the auditory neurons. Significance. This study is the first to show electrical activity of SGNs on MEAs. Our findings may help to improve stimulation by and to reduce energy consumption of CIs and thereby contribute to the development of fully implantable devices with better auditory resolution in the future.
Post-Merger Appraisal of Stress Level among Bank Employees: A Case Study

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) is one of the most accepted inorganic strategic tool in the hands of decision makers. Though, it is a major decision as it requires huge investments but it propels the wings of growth instantaneously and such investment decisions are largely based on financial aspects of business. It brings growth as well as unavoidable challenges for Transferor and transferee Company. Such challenges may include work culture related factors and psychological factors, which directly affect the work force of the transformer company as it is observed in case of ICICI Bank and the Bank of Rajasthan Ltd. BoR amalgamation when all the bank employees of BoR agitated. Therefore, the aim of this research paper is to identify the most prominent factors (merger stressors) which affect the stress level of bank employees during post merger. The factors are divided into two heads i.e. work culture related factors and psychological factors which covers total 13 and 11 factors respectively. For this purpose, a large sample of 60 BoR bank employees has been drawn from Udaipur city and the factor analysis has been performed. We found that cultural fit and HR policy framework are two prominent factors for high level of stress and dissatisfaction among bank employees. This study is a small contribution for the betterment of the bank employees and provides guidelines for bank policy makers, strategists, scholars and researchers.
Women Micro-Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: Socio-Economic Aspects and Factors Affecting Their Development

This paper is dealing with women’s entrepreneurial activities according to socio-economic aspects and the factors affecting their developments. Here, micro-entrepreneurship is focused mainly. Women micro-entrepreneurs are now holding a large number of enterprises creating employment, fastening the speed of economic growth and making social empowerment. In-spite of the significant role-played, their position in many areas of Bangladesh leaves much to be desired. This study aims to provide a micro-level perspective of different challenges faced by women micro-entrepreneurs in the Bangladeshi socioeconomic context and their future prospects. The study adopted a selfadministered questionnaires and interviews with women micro-entrepreneurs engaged in diverse sectors. The findings show that Bangladeshi women microentrepreneurs face an unfavorable business environment that is characterized by various challenges ranging from low technical, administrative and government support, lack of scope of professional development and bad interpersonal relationship. The findings also highlight the socio-economic characteristics such as age, marital status, educational status and starting age of business. We have found that married and above 25 years women are more likely to be micro-entrepreneurs. They do not get proper training but the government is being more positive in this regard, as they can get the loan easily. Hence, with family as well as government support they are becoming empowered day by day DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbt.v9i1. 22778 Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.9(1) 2014; 53-70
A New Era of Collaborative Government-Nonprofit Relations in the U.S.?

The growth of the nonprofit sector in the last decades and its greater salience in the delivery of public goods and services has been accompanied by the development of new institutions and processes for managing the relations between nonprofits and governments. This article documents a number of recent initiatives to strengthen government-nonprofit relations in the U.S. and analyzes the policy agendas that are driving them.
System modeling and analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer design

Physical layer structure usually is first considered to design a standard SoC in wireless sensor networks, while few practical works can be referenced. This paper presents detailed functional system modeling which obeys IEEE 802.15. 4 protocol and performance analysis of three physical layer bands. Emphatically, the system includes a novel algorithm of de-spreading with minimum hamming distance and an implementation of half-sine pulse shaping filters. According to the simulation results, error control coding like BCH is recommended to use to enhance the data accuracy, and the low complexity filters can effectively improve the system performance. The contribution of this paper is providing valuable reference for the further design on wireless sensor network baseband chips.
Performance bound of multiple hypotheses classification in compressed sensing

Compressed sensing (CS) has been widely researched in the past decade due to its important contributions in sparse signal processing. In this paper, we study the problem of multiple hypotheses classification with sparse signals in compressed sensing. The performance of classifying sparse signals reconstructed with the underdetermined linear measurements under Gaussian random noise is considered. With the prior knowledge of the support set of a sparse signal, the theoretical classification bound with the recovered signal based on the oracle estimator and the restricted isometry property (RIP) of the sampling matrix is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical bound is demonstrated by the simulations results obtained by four representative reconstruction algorithms in CS.
Plasma volume by Evans blue: effects of eating and comparison with other methods at altitude.

HYPOTHESIS Measurements of plasma volume (PV) and its changes (delta%PV) by Evans blue (EB) dye are presumed to be valid only in fasting subjects. In addition, delta%PVEB with acute altitude exposure has not been compared with other methods employing the concentration or dilution of naturally occurring blood (hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb)) and plasma (density, proteins) components, but should be similar if capillary permeability and the sampled vein/whole body Hct ratio remain unchanged. METHODS PVEB was determined in six subjects while fasting or eating on different days, with injection and sampling in the same arm, 4-h extrapolation to time zero and correcting readings with the 620-740 A method. For 93 experiments at altitude, delta%PVEB was obtained similarly from a 3-h extrapolation near the end of a 12-h chamber exposure to 426 mm Hg (-4,880 m =16,000 ft) and at the same time on the preceding control day. RESULTS Mean PVEB with and without eating was not significantly different (SE of absolute difference = +/- 2.8%). The EB decay curves had significantly more scatter with eating than fasting. The fasting vs. non-fasting values for the single 20-min post-injection point also gave a close comparison (r = +0.97). At altitude the loss in PV measured with EB was significantly greater (delta%PVEB = -6.3%) than losses estimated from Hct-Hb (-2.9%), plasma protein (-3.7%), and plasma density (-3.9%). The expected larger PV loss in subjects tolerant to altitude sickness compared with intolerant ones was most clearly shown by delta%PVEB (8.8%). CONCLUSIONS Obtaining more samples can offset reproducibility lost by eating. The delta%PVEB were largest and nearest to values previously reported at altitude, perhaps because the single baseline and altitude samples utilized by the other methods are more sensitive to subtle, transient fluctuations in body water and vasomotor tone associated with apprehension, vomiting, fluid intake, and regional vasodilation and constriction.
Taxing the Establishment Clause: The Revolutionary Decision of the Arizona Supreme Court in Kotterman v. Killian

This article explores the nature and implications of a 1999 decision of the Arizona Supreme Court, upholding the constitutionality of a state tax credit statute. The statute offers a $500 tax credit to taxpayers who donate money to non-profit organizations which, in turn, donate the money in grants to students in order to help defray the costs of attending private and parochial schools. The author concludes that the Arizona decision elevates cleverness in devising a statutory scheme above the substance of long-established constitutional doctrine. This article is one of four on the Arizona Tax Credit Law:
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Brief History of the Approach and Current Focus on Epigenetic Mechanisms

"Barker's hypothesis" emerged almost 25 years ago from epidemiological studies of birth and death records that revealed a high geographic correlation between rates of infant mortality and certain classes of later adult deaths as well as an association between birthweight and rates of adult death from ischemic heart disease. These observations led to a theory that undernutrition during gestation was an important early origin of adult cardiac and metabolic disorders due to fetal programming that permanently shaped the body's structure, function, and metabolism and contributed to adult disease. This theory stimulated interest in the fetal origins of adult disorders, which expanded and coalesced approximately 5 years ago with the formation of an international society for developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Here we review a few examples of the many emergent themes of the DOHaD approach, including theoretical advances related to predictive adaptive responses of the fetus to a broad range of environmental cues, empirical observations of effects of overnutrition and stress during pregnancy on outcomes in childhood and adulthood, and potential epigenetic mechanisms that may underlie these observations and theory. Next, we discuss the relevance of the DOHaD approach to reproductive medicine. Finally, we consider the next steps that might be taken to apply, evaluate, and extend the DOHaD approach.
Cholinergic dilation of cerebral blood vessels is abolished in M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice

The M5 muscarinic receptor is the most recent member of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family (M1-M5) to be cloned. At present, the physiological relevance of this receptor subtype remains unknown, primarily because of its low expression levels and the lack of M5 receptor-selective ligands. To circumvent these difficulties, we used gene targeting technology to generate M5 receptor-deficient mice (M5R−/− mice). M5R−/− mice did not differ from their wild-type littermates in various behavioral and pharmacologic tests. However, in vitro neurotransmitter release experiments showed that M5 receptors play a role in facilitating muscarinic agonist-induced dopamine release in the striatum. Because M5 receptor mRNA has been detected in several blood vessels, we also investigated whether the lack of M5 receptors led to changes in vascular tone by using several in vivo and in vitro vascular preparations. Strikingly, acetylcholine, a powerful dilator of most vascular beds, virtually lost the ability to dilate cerebral arteries and arterioles in M5R−/− mice. This effect was specific for cerebral blood vessels, because acetylcholine-mediated dilation of extra-cerebral arteries remained fully intact in M5R−/− mice. Our findings provide direct evidence that M5 muscarinic receptors are physiologically relevant. Because it has been suggested that impaired cholinergic dilation of cerebral blood vessels may play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and focal cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular M5 receptors may represent an attractive therapeutic target.