Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probability inequalities for sums of independent random variables with values in a Banach space

where x > 0, y > O,A EIXI < ,t > 2andK 1 + e-t(t + 1)t+2. This paper is devoted to improving this result and to extending it to the case of non-identically distributed independent random variables for which the existence of finite moments ofsome particular order is not assumed. In Section 1, certain inequalities are derived whose right-hand sides consist of two components the sum of the probabilities of the tails and a component containing truncated moments. In Section 2, the proofs of these inequalities are given. A bilateral inequality is stated in Section 3. Special cases are considered in Section 4. Section 5 deals with examples involving the computation of the probabilities and Section 6 contains applications to the strong law of large numbers. Let X, . , X, be non-identically distributed independent random variables (i.r.v.) with respective distribution functions F(u),. , F,(u). Set
L’opération traduisante entre raison et émotion

Jusqu’a present, la reflexion traductologique s’est inscrite dans le paradigme d’une theorie formaliste. De fait, les theories linguistiques de la traduction, dans le prolongement du structuralisme, pretendent a une grande objectivite. Face a cet hyperpositivisme, les theories interpretatives s’ouvrent largement au constructivisme. Toutefois, si l’operation traduisante peut etre definie comme une succession de prises de decisions, celles-ci ne sont pas le resultat d’un raisonnement purement rationnel fonde sur des regles d’inference rigoureuses, mais sont l’aboutissement d’un mecanisme caracterise par la rationalite limitee. Le processus de prise de decision est pilote par l’attention selective et regi par les emotions, positionnant ainsi l’operation traduisante entre raison et emotion.
Luminosity functions for post-turnoff stars in globular clusters. I: NGC 288

New BV CCD photometry for the bright stars in the core region of NGC 288, independently calibrated with Landolt [AJ, 88, 439 (1983)] and Graham [PASP, 94, 244 (1982)] standard stars, is presented. In contrast with the color-magnitude diagram of Buonanno et al. [ApJ, 277, 220 (1984)] there are no obvious gaps along the giant branch, but two distinct gaps are evident in the distribution of stars along the horizontal branch (HB), one near V=15.7 and one near V=16.5. The faint blue HB stars defined by the gap at V=16.5 are more centrally concentrated than the other HB stars; 80% of them are found within one core radius (1.6') of the cluster center
Capsule dynamics and rheology in shear flow: Particle pressure and normal stress

In this paper, we examine the dynamics of an isolated capsule using a hybrid lattice-Boltzmann/finite-element method, with a focus on how the capsule dynamics affects the rheology of capsule suspensions. We study initially spherical capsules undergoing a “tank-treading” behavior in which the particle assumes an ellipsoidal shape at a steady orientation while the capsule’s membrane rotates. Of particular interest is the calculation of the particle pressure and a full characterization of the normal stresses. To date, results on capsule rheology only consider normal stress differences, which are insufficient to explain particle migration using the suspension balance model [P. R. Nott and J. F. Brady, “Pressure-driven suspension flow: Simulation and theory,” J. Fluid Mech. 275, 157 (1994)]. We also extend the results of R. Roscoe [“On the rheology of a suspension of viscoelastic spheres in a viscous liquid,” J. Fluid Mech. 28, 273 (1967)] using the solution for ellipsoidal particles of G. B. Jeffery [“The mot.
Classification of hyper-scale multimodal imaging datasets

Algorithms that can classify hyper-scale multi-modal datasets, comprising of millions of images, into constituent modality types can help researchers quickly retrieve and classify diagnostic imaging data, accelerating clinical outcomes. This research aims to demonstrate that a deep neural network that is trained on a hyper-scale dataset (4.5 million images) composed of heterogeneous multi-modal data, can be used to obtain significant modality classification accuracy (96%). By combining 102 medical imaging datasets, a dataset of 4.5 million images was created. A ResNet-50, ResNet-18 and VGG16 were trained to classify these images by the imaging modality used to capture them (Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and X-ray) across many body locations. The classification accuracy of the models was then tested on unseen data. The best performing model achieved classification accuracy of 96% on unseen data. The model achieved a balanced accuracy of 86%. This research shows it is possible to train Deep Learning (DL) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with hyper-scale multimodal data-sets, composed of millions of images. The trained model can be used to classify images by modality, with the best performing model achieving a classification accuracy of 96%. Such models can find use in real-world applications with volumes of image data in the hyper-scale range, such as medical imaging repositories, or national healthcare institutions. Further research can expand this classification capability to include 3D-scans.
The effect of using group-averaged or individualized brain parcellations when investigating connectome dysfunction: A case study in psychosis

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to investigate functional coupling (FC) disturbances in a range of clinical disorders. Most analyses performed to date have used group-based parcellations for defining regions of interest (ROIs), in which a single parcellation is applied to each brain. This approach neglects individual differences in brain functional organization and may inaccurately delineate the true borders of functional regions. These inaccuracies could inflate or under-estimate group differences in case-control analyses. We investigated how individual differences in brain organization influence group comparisons of FC using psychosis as a case-study, drawing on fMRI data in 121 early psychosis patients and 57 controls. We defined FC networks using either a group-based parcellation or an individually-tailored variant of the same parcellation. Individualized parcellations yielded more functionally homogeneous ROIs than group-based parcellations. At individual connections level, case-control FC differences were widespread, but the group-based parcellation identified approximately 9% more connections as dysfunctional than the individualized parcellation. When considering differences at the level of functional networks, the results from both parcellations converged. Our results suggest that a substantial fraction of dysconnectivity previously observed in psychosis can be attributed to erroneous ROI delineation, rather than a pathophysiological process related to psychosis.
Parallelization Methodology and Performance Study for Level-Set-Method-Based Simulation of a 3-D Transient Two-Phase Flow

A parallelization methodology which incurs minimum modifications in a serial code for two-phase flows is presented here. The domain is mapped over a distributed-memory parallel architecture using unidirectional domain decomposition, with overlapping boundary control volumes that communicate using MPI. Five different 3-D transient test cases are taken for code validation and to study the parallel performance on 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 processors. Parallel efficiencies ranging up to 99% are obtained. The property ratio of the fluids, their relative distribution over the domain, and phase-change solver module are found to influence parallel performance. Further, this study highlights the other bottlenecks encountered in parallel performance.
The Relationship between Age, Metallicity, and Abundances for Disk Stars in a Simulated Milky Way

Observations of the Milky Way’s low-α disk show that several element abundances correlate with age at fixed metallicity, with unique slopes and small scatters around the age–[X/Fe] relations. In this study, we turn to simulations to explore the age–[X/Fe] relations for the elements C, N, O, Mg, Si, S, and Ca that are traced in a FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way–like galaxy, m12i, and understand what physical conditions give rise to the observed age–[X/Fe] trends. We first explore the distributions of mono-age populations in their birth and current locations, [Fe/H], and [X/Fe], and find evidence for inside-out radial growth for stars with ages <7 Gyr. We then examine the age–[X/Fe] relations across m12i’s disk and find that the direction of the trends agrees with observations, apart from C, O, and Ca, with remarkably small intrinsic scatters, σ int (0.01 − 0.04 dex). This σ int measured in the simulations is also metallicity dependent, with σ int ≈ 0.025 dex at [Fe/H] = −0.25 dex versus σ int ≈ 0.015 dex at [Fe/H] = 0 dex, and a similar metallicity dependence is seen in the GALAH survey for the elements in common. Additionally, we find that σ int is higher in the inner galaxy, where stars are older and formed in less chemically homogeneous environments. The age–[X/Fe] relations and the small scatter around them indicate that simulations capture similar chemical enrichment variance as observed in the Milky Way, arising from stars sharing similar element abundances at a given birth place and time.
Estimating functions in indirect inference

Summary. There are models for which the evaluation of the likelihood is infeasible in practice. For these models the Metropolis–Hastings acceptance probability cannot be easily computed. This is the case, for instance, when only departure times from a G/G/1 queue are observed and inference on the arrival and service distributions are required. Indirect inference is a method to estimate a parameter θ in models whose likelihood function does not have an analytical closed form, but from which random samples can be drawn for fixed values of θ. First an auxiliary model is chosen whose parameter β can be directly estimated. Next, the parameters in the auxiliary model are estimated for the original data, leading to an estimate . The parameter β is also estimated by using several sampled data sets, simulated from the original model for different values of the original parameter θ. Finally, the parameter θ which leads to the best match to is chosen as the indirect inference estimate. We analyse which properties an auxiliary model should have to give satisfactory indirect inference. We look at the situation where the data are summarized in a vector statistic T, and the auxiliary model is chosen so that inference on β is drawn from T only. Under appropriate assumptions the asymptotic covariance matrix of the indirect estimators is proportional to the asymptotic covariance matrix of T and componentwise inversely proportional to the square of the derivative, with respect to θ, of the expected value of T. We discuss how these results can be used in selecting good estimating functions. We apply our findings to the queuing problem.
Incorporating Ice Crystal Scattering Databases in the Simulation of Millimeter-Wavelength Radar Reflectivity

Abstract The Canadian CloudSat/Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Validation Project (C3VP) was designed to acquire aircraft, surface, and satellite observations of particle size distributions during cold season precipitation events for the purposes of validating and improving upon satellite-based retrievals of precipitation and the representation of cloud and precipitation processes within numerical weather prediction schemes. During an intensive observation period on 22 January 2007, an instrumented aircraft measured ice crystal size distributions, ice and liquid water contents, and atmospheric state parameters within a broad shield of precipitation generated by a passing midlatitude cyclone. The 94-GHz CloudSat radar acquired vertical profiles of radar reflectivity within light to moderate snowfall, coincident with C3VP surface and aircraft instrumentation. Satellite-based retrievals of cold season precipitation require relationships between remotely sensed qua.
Tail probabilities for non-standard risk and queueing processes with subexponential jumps

A well-known result on the distribution tail of the maximum of a random walk with heavy-tailed increments is extended to more general stochastic processes. Results are given in different settings, involving, for example, stationary increments and regeneration. Several examples and counterexamples illustrate that the conditions of the theorems can easily be verified in practice and are in part necessary. The examples include superimposed renewal processes, Markovian arrival processes, semi-Markov input and Cox processes with piecewise constant intensities.
JPEG2000-standardin hyödyntäminen virtuaalimikroskopiassa

Virtual microscopy (i.e., the viewing of entire microscope specimens on a computer display) is becoming widely applied in microscopy teaching and clinical laboratory medicine. Despite rapidly increasing use, virtual microscopy currently lacks of a universally accepted image format. A promising candidate is JPEG2000, which has potential advantages for handling gigabyte-sized virtual slides. To date, no JPEG2000-based software has been specifically suited for virtual microscopy. To study the utility of JPEG2000 in virtual microscopy, we first optimized JPEG2000 code-stream parameters for virtual slide viewing (i.e., fast navigation, zooming, and use of an overview window). Compression using ratios 25:1–30:1 with the irreversible wavelet filter were found to provide the best compromise between file size and image quality. Optimal code-stream parameters also consisted of 10 wavelet decomposition levels, progression order Resolution-Position-Component-Layer (RPCL), a precinct size of 128×128, and code-block size of 64×64. Tiling and the use of multiple quality layers were deemed unnecessary. A compression application (JVScomp) was developed for creating optimally parameterized JPEG2000 virtual slides. A viewing application (JVSview) was developed specifically for virtual microscopy, offering all of the basic viewing functions. JVSview also supports viewing of focus stacks, embedding of textual descriptions, and defining regions of interest as metadata. Combined with our server application (JVSserv), virtual slides can be viewed over networks by employing the JPEG2000 Interactive Protocol (JPIP). The software can be tested using virtual slide examples located on our public JPIP server ( http://jvsmicroscope.uta.fi/ ). The software package is freely
Effect of substrate temperature on the texture of MgO films grown by ion beam assisted deposition

In this paper, the role of substrate temperature in the crystalline texture of MgO films grown by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) is investigated. This study reveals that the best in-plane alignment for MgO films grown on Y2O3/Si is obtained at ∼25 °C. At this temperature, MgO films with an in-plane orientation distribution as low as 3.7° full width at half maximum (FWHM) have been attained. MgO films deposited at temperatures higher than 100 °C have broad in-plane alignment. Although the deposition at the lowest temperature (−150 °C) did not improve the in-plane texture, the acceptable deviation from the optimum ion to molecule ratio for achieving biaxially textured films was the largest. As a trend, the acceptable ion to molecule deviation decreases with increasing substrate temperature. This study is especially important for continuous IBAD MgO depositions where less restrictive conditions are desired.
Radial diffusion of low-energy plasma ions in Saturn's magnetosphere

Analytic solutions to the steady state radial diffusion equation allowing for a distributed source and sink of ions are presented The diffusion space has absorption boundaries at the ends and is divided into two regions separated by an interior boundary where a discontinuity in diffusion and loss parameters is allowed to exist. The most general solution consist of a collection of point sources with adjustable weights to approximate an arbitrary continuous distribution of ion sources. The theory is applied to the study of thermal ion diffusion in Saturn's magnetosphere. It is concluded that a relatively large transport rate is required to conform with low-energy Voyager plasma measurements and a radial diffusion coefficient expressible as D{sub LL} = 4 {times} 10 {sup {minus}7} s{sup {minus}1} (L/6){sup 3{sup {minus}4}} is indicated. In such a fast diffusion regime cool O{sup +} ion densities at L = 2.8, 6, and 15 may be obtained from a single source in the form of the Dione-Tethys neutral H{sub 2}O cloud. Hot ion densities in the outer magnetosphere are obtained from ionization of Titan's neutral atomic clouds of hydrogen and nitrogen and ion pickup by the magnetospheric flow. The O{sup +} thermal ion model is compatible withmore » a bimodal distribution of neutral hydrogen in the magnetosphere with a Titan cloud (H) {approx equal} 20 cm{sup {minus}3} (L/20) in the outer magnetosphere and a low-density (H) = 6 cm{sup {minus}3} (6/L){sup 2} hydrogen corona of either Saturnian origin or ring origin in the inner magnetosphere. « less
Circulating Tumor DNA correlates with Lactate Dehydrogenase, CYFRA 21-1, and CRP levels in patients with advanced NSCLC

Purpose: To investigate potential association between selected tumor markers and laboratory parameters (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], neutrophils, hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen, and cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 [CYFRA 21-1]) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: The study encompassed 82 patients from a single center. All patients had (localy-) advanced adenocarcinomas. ctDNA was determined before starting therapy and at 6 weeks follow-up. Laboratory parameters were measured before each cycle of therapy and oncomarkers before starting the therapy as standard clinical practice. Mann-Whitney U test, Cox proportional hazards model, Fisher's exact test, and Kaplan-Meier survival estimation with Gehan-Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis of the corresponding variables. Results: We have confirmed predictive or prognostic significance for some of the selected laboratory markers and oncomarkers. Above all, we demonstrate a significant relationship between the levels of LDH and the oncomarker CYFRA 21-1 and the presence or absence of ctDNA at the time of diagnosis. We also demonstrate significantly lower CRP levels in patients within whom the ctDNA disappeared during treatment. A similar but statistically insignificant trend was observed for LDH. Conclusions: CYFRA 21-1, LDH and probably CRP correlate with ctDNA levels in NSCLC. Repeated measurement of these markers could thus help in early detection of disease progression in the same way as does ctDNA monitoring.
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS: SIMPLIFYING OPTIMAL DESIGN PROBLEMS THROUGH QUALITATIVE PARTITIONING†

Activity analysis is introduced as a means to strategically cut away subspaces of a design problem that can quickly be ruled out as suboptimal. This results in focused regions of the space in which additional symbolic or numerical analysis can take place. Activity analysis is derived from a qualitative abstraction of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions of optimality, used to partition an optimization problem into regions which are nonstationary and qualitatively stationary (qslationarv). Activity analysis draws from the fields of gradient-based optimization, conflict-based approaches of combinatorial satisfying search, and monotonicity analysis.
Stable/Unstable Stratification in Thermosolutal Convection in a Square Cavity

A numerical study is made of double-diffusive convection in a square cavity with a sliding top lid in the presence of combined vertical temperature and concentration gradients. The bottom lid and other two walls are kept fixed. The side walls are adiabatic and impermeable to solute while the top and bottom lids are kept at constant but distinct temperature and concentration. The governing unsteady Navier-Stokes equations combined with the heat and mass transport equations are solved numerically through a finite volume method on a staggered grid system using QUICK scheme for convective terms. The resulting equations are then solved by an implicit, time-marching, pressure correction-based algorithm. The flow configuration is classified into four cases depending on positive/negative values of thermal Grashof number and solutal Grashof number. A detailed comparison of the four flow configurations is made in this paper. In conclusion, these four flow configurations can be brought to either stably or unstably stratified field. Furthermore, the possibility of salt-fingering and double-diffusive instability in the absence of the top lid motion is explored and the effect of the lid motion is clearly exhibited. The dependence of the average rates of heat and mass transfer from the top and bottom lids on the flow parameters is also investigated in the presence of top lid motion.
Effects of Two Different School-Based Training on Serum miR15b Expression and Lipid Profile of Adolescents with Obesity

Background: Some circulating microRNAs, such as miR15b, are predictors of diseases associated with adulthood obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two selected school-based and high-intensity interval training (HIT) on miR15b expression and lipid profile of obese adolescents. Methods: Thirty-eight adolescent males (12 ± 1 years) with obesity (body mass: 74.7 ± 13.2 kg, body mass index (BMI): 26.0 ± 2.3 kg/m2, and body fat (BF): 27.2 ± 3.6%) were randomly assigned to the following based on the age-related body mass index: (i) HIT (n = 13), (ii) school-based exercises (SBE, n = 13), and (iii) control (n = 12) groups. Mir15b was extracted using the RT-PCR system, and lipid profile was studied using the enzymatic colorimetric method before and after 12 weeks. Three training sessions were held each week during the course. Results: Following the exercise interventions, in both training groups, miR15b (HIT: –63.8 vs. SBE: –56. 7%; P = 0.001), cholesterol (HIT: –8.8 vs. SBE: –9.2%; P = 0.025), and low-density lipoproteins levels (SBE: –13.1 vs. –20.8%; P = 0.48) decreased; however, the peak oxygen uptake of subjects increased (HIT: 4.0 vs. SBE: 4.0%; P = 0.003). However, there were no significant differences in triglyceride (HIT: –16.9 vs. SBE: –8.3%; P = 0.134), and high-density lipoprotein (HIT: 3.1 vs. SBE: 4.8%; P = 0.479) levels between both intervention and control groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that both types of exercises had almost similar effects on reducing miR15b expression and improving the lipid profile. Hence, based on the difficult nature of HIT for children with obesity, further use of school-based exercises is suggested.