Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total Network Base Station Energy Cost vs. Deployment

Energy efficient radio networks, i.e. radio base stations and transport network mainly, are something that becomes more and more important with the increase of installed base stations globally. This study evaluates the total base station energy consumption per area ($W/km^2$) for different cell sizes (deployments). This is done by theoretical calculations assuming a certain minimum received power at the cell edge regardless of cell size and channel model. This study shows that with just a minimal fixed power consumption overhead factor for each cell (e.g. 0.1 W per cell), it is never optimal to build a cellular network as dense as possible from an energy consumption per area point of view. Only when there is no fixed overhead at all, the optimal cell size from an energy per area perspective, is as small as possible. With a rather low fixed overhead (1-5 W), the optimal inter-site-distance is around 300-700 m. With the current (high) fixed power consumption overhead, as large inter-site-distances as possible are the most energy efficient.
Why Reading Comprehension Fails: Insights From Developmental Disorders

Developmental difficulties with reading comprehension are not uncommon. This article examines the nature of reading comprehension deficits in three groups of children: children identified as having relatively specific impairments in reading comprehension, children with autism spectrum disorder, and children with specific language impairment. Our review emphasizes that in all three groups, poor reading comprehension is often associated with weaknesses in oral language. We conclude that a useful framework for understanding the complex relationship between language and reading in children with developmental disorders is provided by a model that sees variations in phonological and nonphonological language skills relating to different patterns of reading behavior. This framework also provides a useful basis for identifying children with poor reading comprehension, and for planning appropriately targeted interventions.
Acting Globally While Thinking Locally: Is the Global Environment Protected by Transport Emission Control Programs?

Locally motivated air quality programs in Santiago and Mexico City have only minor collateral benefits for the global climate. If agencies with global and local agendas did business together, then individuals and firms and even cities would act globally when thinking locally, and one would see greater synergy. Eskeland and Xie find that locally motivated air quality programs for urban transport have limited collateral benefits in terms of protecting the global climate. This could puzzle some, since these two public goods one global, one local seem to be jointly produced. However, air quality in Mexico City, Santiago, and elsewhere is predominantly pursued by technical improvements (making cars and fuels cleaner), and not by reducing demand for polluting goods and services (though in Europe high fuel taxes help reduce demand). Control programs developed under joint stimulus to protect the global and local environment have not yet been seen, and they may surprise us when they come. However, they will likely rely more on reducing demand, using instruments such as corrective (Pigovian) taxes on fuels. The authors show how, if locally and globally charged agencies can do business together, consumers, producers, and cities will act globally when thinking locally. Only then will we know the extent to which local and global benefits are produced jointly.
Attack trajectory extraction based on focus player detection in broadcast sports videos

In this paper, a novel approach of attack trajectory extraction for tactics analysis is proposed. Compared with other methods which use the trajectory of the ball and all the players for analysis, the proposed approach extracts the attack trajectory integrated of the position of the Focus Players (FP) s who just possessing the ball or is going to possess the ball. The extracted attack trajectory integrates the positions of all the involved FPs, which is more efficient for tactics analysis such as attack routes, attack region recognition by avoiding the influences caused by non-FPs. For the key of the attack trajectory extraction, the FP is detected by an original method referred to as Temporal-Spatial Distance, which can accurately detect FP by simultaneously considering the temporal succession and spatial closeness of player's motion. Experimental results on the data of FIFA World Cup 2006 are satisfying, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Embryonic development of glial cells and their junctions in the locust central nervous system

The embryonic development of the specialized glial cells that form the perineurial blood-brain barrier in the locust CNS has been studied by freeze-fracture and tracer uptake. These cells migrate to form bracelet cell arrangements around the nervous tissues between day 4 to day 10 of embryonic differentiation which lasts 14 days in toto. A number of different kinds of intercellular junction form between the bracelet cells from day 8 to day 13 of development. These include gap junctions with features characteristic of arthropods, which seem to assemble by lateral migration of 13-nm E face intramembranous particles (IMPs), which ultimately cluster to form a large number of mature plaques of varying diameters. Less numerous are tight junctions which serve to restrict entry of exogenous molecules, including lanthanum and cationic ferritin, thereby forming the blood-brain barrier; these appear to assemble by migration of individual 8- to 10-nm P face IMPs into ridges which are found between the overlapping fingers of the perineurial bracelet cell processes. Septate junctions also mature at this stage in embryonic development by apparent assembly of IMPs into characteristic aligned rows; these may serve to slow down the entry of positively charged molecules as well as being adhesive, although anionic ferritin may leak into the CNS even after septate and tight junction formation. The observed changes in cellular associations and the formation of the blood-brain barrier coincide with the onset of mature neuronal electrical properties and spontaneous synaptic input.
Cardiovascular diseases related to ionizing radiation: The risk of low-dose exposure (Review)

Traditionally, non-cancer diseases are not considered as health risks following exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Indeed, non-cancer diseases are classified as deterministic tissue reactions, which are characterized by a threshold dose. It is judged that below an absorbed dose of 100 mGy, no clinically relevant tissue damage occurs, forming the basis for the current radiation protection system concerning non-cancer effects. Recent epidemiological findings point, however, to an excess risk of non-cancer diseases following exposure to lower doses of ionizing radiation than was previously thought. The evidence is the most sound for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cataract. Due to limited statistical power, the dose-risk relationship is undetermined below 0.5 Gy; however, if this relationship proves to be without a threshold, it may have considerable impact on current low-dose health risk estimates. In this review, we describe the CVD risk related to low doses of ionizing radiation, the clinical manifestation and the pathology of radiation-induced CVD, as well as the importance of the endothelium models in CVD research as a way forward to complement the epidemiological data with the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms.
Knowledge management practices in Indian information technology companies

The present paper lays the foundations for the best practices in knowledge management and investigates the degree of awareness and implementation of KM principles and practices in Indian information technology (IT) companies. A purposive sample of 10 IT companies in North India was chosen for study and a survey was conducted with the objective of investigating the degree of awareness and implementation strategies of knowledge management. The present research work is based on secondary data obtained from 10 IT companies. The various phases of knowledge management (knowledge generation, knowledge codification, and knowledge transfer and knowledge application) were taken into account and data were interpreted on the basis of weighted scores for each parameter at each phase. Final conclusions were drawn on the basis of the Knowledge Management Index. The interpretation of data revealed that the Knowledge Management Index (KMI) for awareness and commitment is very high as per the pre-defined rating scale but the involvement of top management in allocating the necessary resource flow to initiate and sustain knowledge management practice is needed. It was very clear that though people are aware of the importance of documentation and it is being prepared to some extent, a lot needs to be done in this field. Only very critical information is documented and maintained in archives, whereas general information (which forms 30%–40% of daily work input) is not documented. The common perception was that there should be a mechanism through which the ideas of engineers/programmers can be implemented since the company can gain only if ideas are translated into tangible benefits. The Knowledge Management Index for awareness of intellectual property in IT companies was found to be too low, which is an area of concern, but the same was high for information technology. It was also revealed that HR professionals have to realise that true competitive advantage lies in the people and the best HR practices should be aligned to strengthen knowledge management.
Action of 2,3‐butanedione monoxime on calcium signals in frog cut twitch fibres containing antipyrylazo III.

1. The effects of 2,3‐butanedione monoxime (BDM) on the optical retardation and myoplasmic Ca2+ signal were studied in twitch fibres of Rana temporaria. The myoplasmic Ca2+ transient in response to action potential stimulation was monitored in cut fibres containing Antipyrylazo III under current clamp in a double Vaseline‐gap chamber. 2. In fibres not stretched adequately to suppress all the contraction, BDM blocked the movement‐related intrinsic optical signal at 810 nm very effectively. 3. In fibres stretched to sarcomere lengths greater than or equal to 4 microns to reduce the contraction to below detectable levels, the effect of BDM on the Ca(2+)‐Antipyrylazo III signal was studied after correcting for the instrinsic signal unrelated to movement. With increasing concentrations of BDM, the peak of the Ca(2+)‐Antipyrylazo III signal was suppressed progressively. Concomitantly, the half‐width was prolonged somewhat. On average, 5, 10 and 20 mM‐BDM reduced the peak amplitude to 88, 78 and 54% of control, respectively. 4. BDM had no effect on the rising phase or the peak amplitude of the retardation signal measured at 720 nm, but suppressed the undershoot in the decay phase of the signal in a dose‐dependent manner. BDM also had no effect on the late pedestal level of the signal. 5. During repetitive stimulation by a train of ten action potentials, 10 mM‐BDM suppressed the second to the tenth peaks of the Ca2+ signal and of the retardation signal more effectively than the first peak. Twenty millimolar BDM almost completely suppressed the later peaks of both signals such that the signals decayed with a time course similar to that elicited by a single action potential. 6. The effect of BDM on the Ca(2+)‐Antipyrylazo III signal was also studied in fibres under voltage clamp; 10 mM‐BDM lowered the threshold for the Ca(2+)‐Antipyrylazo III transient by a few millivolts and reduced the steepness of the peak amplitude versus voltage plot near threshold. 7. Based on a model used by Baylor, Chandler & Marshall (1983) to estimate the net Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, 10 and 20 mM‐BDM were found to reduce the peak release to 75 and 52%, to prolong the half‐width of the release waveform to 118 and 147%, and to reduce the peak uptake to 76 and 54% of control values, respectively. 8. It is concluded that BDM affects the optical retardation and myoplasmic Ca2+ signal monitored with Antipyrylazo III in a dose‐dependent manner. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The role of indirect connections in gene networks in predicting function

MOTIVATION Gene networks have been used widely in gene function prediction algorithms, many based on complex extensions of the 'guilt by association' principle. We sought to provide a unified explanation for the performance of gene function prediction algorithms in exploiting network structure and thereby simplify future analysis. RESULTS We use co-expression networks to show that most exploited network structure simply reconstructs the original correlation matrices from which the co-expression network was obtained. We show the same principle works in predicting gene function in protein interaction networks and that these methods perform comparably to much more sophisticated gene function prediction algorithms. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Data and algorithm implementation are fully described and available at http://www.chibi.ubc.ca/extended. Programs are provided in Matlab m-code. CONTACT paul@chibi.ubc.ca
Impression Management and the Hospitality Service Encounter

Abstract Managers, marketers, and employees in the hotel and restaurant industry that are aware of the needs of people from different cultures will be able to better direct their efforts at product development, provide better guest services, and thereby offer a means of developing competitive advantage. This study determined cross-cultural differences in customer perceptions of employee behavior, intentions to return, and tipping between Americans and Asians living in the United States. The study was based on several impression management dimensions (ingratiation, intimidation, self-promotion, exemplification, supplication, and non-verbal behaviors). The results suggest that behaviors associated with ingratiation and exemplification techniques were perceived as being more satisfying for American than Asian respondents. Behaviors demonstrative of intimidation and supplication techniques were perceived as very dissatisfying for Americans.
An holistic view of a child with unintelligible speech: Insights from the ICF and ICF-CY

This paper provides an holistic and systematic view of a 7 year old boy, Jarrod, as a unique individual with unintelligible speech. Jarrod was considered using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth (ICF-CY) beta draft. Consideration was made of Body Function, Body Structure, Activity and Participation, Environmental Factors and Personal Factors that impacted on his life and were affected by his speech impairment. Intervention was recommended to be directed in two ways. The first towards amelioration of Jarrod's speech impairment using an evidence-based approach and monitored by a data-based decision making model. The second approach was directed towards others in Jarrod's immediate environment such as his peers and teachers as well as towards policy makers and others in society who have an effect on the provision of a facilitative environment and appropriate services for children with speech impairment. This paper is a preliminary attempt to determine salient dimensions and codes of the ICF-CY (beta draft) for use by speech-language pathologists working with children with unintelligible speech.
Mammary Tumor Formation in p 53-and BRCA 1-deficient Mice 1

The inheritance of a mutant copy of the BRCA1 gene greatly increases a woman’s lifetime risk for ovarian and breast cancer. While a homologous gene has been identified in mouse, mice carrying mutations in this gene do not display a detectable increase in tumor formation. To determine whether mutations in p53 might increase the incidence of tumors associated with the loss of BRCA1 function in mice, we have generated mice carrying mutations at both of these loci. We report here that the presence of a mutant Brca1 allele does not alter survival of either p53 or p53 mice. Although the tumor spectrum was not dramatically altered, an increased incidence of mammary tumors was observed in the Brca1p53 mice. Four mammary tumors were seen in the Brca1p53 group whereas only one such tumor was seen among the p53 control group. In addition, although the presence of a mutant Brca1 allele did not alter the survival rate or the incidence of most tumor types in the p53 mice, 5 of the 23 tumors isolated from the Brca1p53 mice treated with ionizing radiation were of mammary epithelial origin, and 3 of these had lost expression of the wild-type Brca1 gene. In contrast, no such tumors were observed in the irradiated p53 controls. Although the number of mammary tumors observed in these animals is small, these results are suggestive of a role for BRCA1 in mammary tumor formation after exposure to specific DNA damaging agents.
The Influence of Serotonin Deficiency on Choice Deferral and the Compromise Effect

Psychological and physiological states such as mood, hunger, stress, and sleep deprivation are known to affect decision-making processes and therefore crucially influence consumer behavior. A possible biological mechanism underlying the observed variability of consumer behavior is the context-sensitive variation in the levels of neuromodulators in the brain. In a series of four experimental studies, the authors pharmaceutically reduce the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain to diminish the availability of subjects’ cognitive resources. In doing so, they study how serotonin brain levels influence (1) subjects’ tendency to avoid buying and (2) consumers' preference for product options positioned as a compromise in a given choice set rather than for more extreme alternatives (i.e., the compromise effect). Using realistic product choice scenarios in a binding decision framework, they find that a reduction of brain serotonin levels leads to choice deferral and decreases the compromise effect, both as a within-subjects and as a between-subjects choice phenomenon. As such, this study provides neurobiological evidence for the assumption that the compromise effect is the result of deliberate and demanding thought processes rather than intuitive decision making.
The Circadian Clock Regulates Auxin Signaling and Responses in Arabidopsis

The circadian clock plays a pervasive role in the temporal regulation of plant physiology, environmental responsiveness, and development. In contrast, the phytohormone auxin plays a similarly far-reaching role in the spatial regulation of plant growth and development. Went and Thimann noted 70 years ago that plant sensitivity to auxin varied according to the time of day, an observation that they could not explain. Here we present work that explains this puzzle, demonstrating that the circadian clock regulates auxin signal transduction. Using genome-wide transcriptional profiling, we found many auxin-induced genes are under clock regulation. We verified that endogenous auxin signaling is clock regulated with a luciferase-based assay. Exogenous auxin has only modest effects on the plant clock, but the clock controls plant sensitivity to applied auxin. Notably, we found both transcriptional and growth responses to exogenous auxin are gated by the clock. Thus the circadian clock regulates some, and perhaps all, auxin responses. Consequently, many aspects of plant physiology not previously thought to be under circadian control may show time-of-day–specific sensitivity, with likely important consequences for plant growth and environmental responses.
Marie-Françoise Lanfant and her contribution to the sociology of tourism: a French Portrait

It is often too easy to overlook the ideas relating to an understanding of tourism by female scholars of the non-Anglophone community, if only because together they represent a twofold minority in a climate of gendered opinion where male might is still right. This is particularly the case as far as the sociology of tourism is concerned, although it probably also applies in a similar measure to other social scientific disciplines with which we are less au fait. For some readers of Anatolia, Marie-Francoise Lanfant is a highly respected name among the worldwide founders of tourism studies. For a smaller, even more appreciative and select, group of readers, this name may be more specifically associated with her particular contribution to the sociology of tourism in the international arena, thanks largely to her works translated into English which theorize tourism as a social fact, a total social phenomenon and as a special form of consumption. However, and as far as most readers of this essay are concerned, we wonder just how many English-speaking tourism students today have even heard of Marie-Francoise, let alone are aware of her key sociological works in the applied field of tourism. For this reason, and in the allied hope that it is not too late to remedy the situation, we invite them and their instructors to enjoy the challenging portrait of her that follows. This vignette has been assembled by two polyglot authors who are quite familiar with her writings and indeed have included her as one of the prime movers in their collaborative book detailing the European origins of the sociology of tourism (Dann & Liebman Parrinello, 2009). In referring to this pivotal source, there are almost certainly bound to be some overlaps, but we consider that to be a risk worth taking as we add some further material and reflections to her new profile. We also rely on her own personal history in the collection assembled by Dennison Nash. That edited volume was entitled The Study of Tourism: Anthropological and Sociological Beginnings and the chapter she wrote dealt with “Constructing a Research Project: From Past Definite to Future Perfect” (Lanfant, 2007). That entry, too, is supplemented with the insights we have gleaned from her in our meetings over the years both at international conferences and various symposia (such as those held in Jyväskylä in 1996 and Nice in 1992), as well as in personal visits to and from her. In relation to the latter, naturally we do not include topics that could lead to a breach of professional confidence and are therefore not for universal consumption, but rather we emphasize those ideas where debates with her have led to a deepening of her thinking and ours on such key theoretical concepts as ideology, identity, paradigms, sustainability,
Impact of Personality on Sales Manager Leadership Style

ABSTRACT Much research in sales management has examined the impact sales manager leadership styles have on salesperson work outcomes. What has not been investigated is what factors may lead an individual to adopt one leadership approach over an alternate. Theorists in organizational behavior posit that personality characteristics may be predictive of the leadership style an individual employs. This paper reports the results of a study that explored whether two key personality variables-extraversion and neuroticism-are related to three prominent leadership styles-laissez-faire, transaction-al, and charismatic. The findings support the overriding hypothesis that the two personality variables are strongly related to and account for a substantial portion of the variance in the three leadership styles. Implications for sales management practice and research are provided.
The Judges and the Intention of Parliament: Is Judicial Review Undemocratic?

tag=1 data=The judges and the intention of parliament: is judicial review undemocratic? by A.P. Le Sueur tag=2 data=Le Sueur, A.P. tag=3 data=Parliamentary Affairs, tag=4 data=44 tag=5 data=3 tag=6 data=July 1991 tag=7 data=283-297. tag=8 data=PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT%LAW tag=10 data=Many people oppose the adoption by the United Kingdom of a Bill of Rights because of an unease about the relationship between the judges and parliament. tag=11 data=1991/3/10 tag=12 data=91/0864 tag=13 data=CAB