Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EARLY ELECTROSTATIC PROBE RESULTS FROM EXPLORER 22

The electrostatic probe experiment on Explorer 22, launched in October 1964, has permitted the concentration and temperature of the electrons at 1000 km to be observed on a global scale. The major features of the ionosphere at this altitude are a maximum concentration at the magnetic equator in the daytime and at night a pair of maximums at 35° north and south. The electron temperature exhibits large variation from day to night at latitudes below 45° but remains high all night at higher latitudes. This behavior is consistent with the heating of the protonosphere by escaping photoelectrons in the daytime, and cooling by electron thermal conduction to the lower atmosphere both day and night.
Barrovian regional metamorphism: where’s the heat?

Abstract Coupled thermal-mechanical models of convergent orogens offer a novel way to investigate the interactions between heat and tectonics that lead to regional metamorphism. In this study, the effects of different distributions of heat-producing material in the crust and upper mantle on crustal thermal histories and deformation fields are investigated. The models involve subduction-driven collision with moderate convergence and erosion rates. For models involving standard continental crust, where heat production is initially concentrated in the upper crust, P-T-t paths do not intersect the field of typical Barrovian P-T conditions. However, heat-producing material can be tectonically redistributed, for example, by subduction of crustal rocks to upper mantle depths, or by formation of thick accretionary wedges or continental margin sequences during convergence. Models that include a wedge of heat-producing material in the upper mantle generate high temperatures in the lower crust and upper mantle that lead to a change in orogenic style; radioactive heating of partially subducted crustal material on time scales of 10–30 Ma yields temperatures high enough for partial melting. However, crustal P-T-t paths are unlikely to intersect the Barrovian field unless erosion or convergence rates change. Models that include a crustal-scale region with moderate, uniform heat production, simulating a large accretionary wedge or tectonically thickened continental margin sequence, generate P-T-t paths that intersect the Barrovian field. However, as convergence proceeds, the heat-producing region is deformed, eroded, and reduced in volume, so that the model orogen begins to cool down after about 20 Ma. The model results provide an explanation for many first-order tectonic and metamorphic features of small orogens, including metamorphic styles ranging from blueschists to the Barrovian series to granulites, late-orogenic granitoid magmatism, and the crustal-scale tectonic features associated with regional metamorphic belts. We conclude that the thermal state of an orogen is controlled by the evolving competition between cooling by subduction and radioactive heating within the deforming orogen.
Towards a learning path specification

Janssen, J., Berlanga, A. , Vogten, H. and Koper, R. (2007). Towards a learning path specification. Proceedings of the ePortfolio 2007 Conference. October, 17-19, 2007, Maastricht, The Netherlands. [See also http://hdl.handle. net/1820/1680 ]
Hormonal Contraceptives are Shaping the Human Plasma Proteome in a Large Population Cohort

Large-scale plasma proteomics in population studies offer new avenues to explore non-genetic associations, such as biomarkers for lifestyle and environmental exposure. Moreover, through longitudinal monitoring, they help in characterizing the onset and progression of diseases. Utilizing the SWATH DIA-MS-based proteomic approach with 5-minute chromatographic gradients, we examined the neat plasma proteome of 3,632 participants from the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study. We present precise protein quantities for 148 highly abundant plasma protein groups. Many of these proteins are challenging to quantify using affinity-based reagents. This set of highly abundant plasma proteins includes immunoglobulins, coagulation factors, metabolic proteins, and components of the innate immune system, such as the complement system. Our findings indicate that, beyond age and sex, the most significant biological variable affecting the plasma proteome was the use of hormonal contraceptives. The signature from this drug class was more pronounced compared to other common medications, which influenced only a subset of the measured proteins and exhibited smaller effect sizes. Notably, Angiotensinogen (AGT) levels were strongly influenced by contraceptive use, suggesting that AGT levels might serve as a potential biomarker for contraceptive usage. Due to its high prevalence, and apparently strong influence, this type of medication should be accounted for in any epidemiological or clinical study of the plasma proteome to avoid spurious findings.
Responses of foraminiferal isotopic variations at ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea to orbital forcing

The foraminiferal δ 18O and δ 13C records for the past 5 Ma at ODP Site 1143 reveal the linear responses of the Plio-Pleistocene climatic changes in the southern South China Sea to orbital forcing at the obliquity and precession bands. The phase of the δ 18O variations with the orbital forcing is opposite to that of the δ 13C, which may be caused by the frequent El Niño events from the equatorial Pacific. The amplification of the Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheet at ñ3. 3 Ma probably affected the development of the 100-ka climatic cycles. Its further spreading may spur the 100-ka climatic cycle to become the dominant cycle in the late Pleistocene. The “Mid- Pleistocene Transition” event has localized influence on the isotopic variations in the southern South China Sea. The foraminiferal δ 13C records for the past 5 Ma at Site 1143 are highly coherent with the orbital forcing at the long eccentricity band, and lead the δ 18O records at the shorter eccentricity band, highlighting the importance of the carbon cycle in the global climate change.
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

In this work, we focus on improving the forest automata based shape analysis implemented in the Forester tool. This approach represents shapes of the heap using forest automata. Forest automata are based on tree automata and Forester currently has only a simple implementation of tree automata. Our first contribution is replacing this implementation by the general purpose tree automata library VATA, which contains the highly optimized implementations of automata operations. The version of Forester using the VATA library participated in the competition SV-COMP 2015. We further extended the forest automata based verification method with two new techniques—a counterexample analysis and predicate abstraction. The first one allows us to determine whether a found error is a real or spurious one. The results of the counterexample analysis is also used for creating new predicates which are used for the refinement of predicate abstraction. We show that both of these techniques contribute to an improvement over the early approach. Klíčová slova lesní automaty, formální verifikace, statická analýza, složité datové struktury, stromové automaty, zpětný běh, predikátová abstrakce.
Metal contamination and post-remediation recovery in the Boulder River watershed, Jefferson County, Montana

ABSTRACT The legacy of acid mine drainage and toxic trace metals left in streams by historical mining is being addressed by many important yet costly remediation efforts. Monitoring of environmental conditions frequently is not performed but is essential to evaluate remediation effectiveness, determine whether clean-up goals have been met, and assess which remediation strategies are most effective. Extensive pre- and post-remediation data for water and sediment quality for the Boulder River watershed in southwestern Montana provide an unusual opportunity to demonstrate the importance of monitoring. The most extensive restoration in the watershed occurred at the Comet mine on High Ore Creek and resulted in the most dramatic improvement in aquatic habitat. Removal of contaminated sediment and tailings, and stream-channel reconstruction reduced Cd and Zn concentrations in water such that fish are now present, and reduced metal concentrations in streambed sediment by a factor of c. 10, the largest improvement in the district. Waste removals at the Buckeye/Enterprise and Bullion mine sites produced limited or no improvement in water and sediment quality, and acidic drainage from mine adits continues to degrade stream aquatic habitat. Recontouring of hillslopes that had funnelled runoff into the workings of the Crystal mine substantially reduced metal concentrations in Uncle Sam Gulch, but did not eliminate all of the acidic adit drainage. Lead isotopic evidence suggests that the Crystal mine rather than the Comet mine is now the largest source of metals in streambed sediment of the Boulder River. The completed removal actions prevent additional contaminants from entering the stream, but it may take many years for erosional processes to diminish the effects of contaminated sediment already in streams. Although significant strides have been made, additional efforts to seal draining adits or treat the adit effluent at the Bullion and Crystal mines would need to be completed to achieve the desired restoration. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Analytical data for all post-remediation samples is available at: http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18344.
Jukuri, open repository of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)

The weakness of the population matrix models is that they do not take into account the variation inside the class. In this study, we introduce an approach to add height variation of the trees to the diameter-structured matrix models. In this approach, a new sub-model that describes the height growth of the trees is included in the diameter-structured model. We used this heightand diameter-structured matrix model to maximize the net present value (NPV) for the remaining part of the ongoing rotation for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand and studied how the height variation affects to the results obtained through stand-level optimization. In the optimization, the height variation was taken into account by setting the lower saw-log price for the short trees. The results show that including the height variation into the optimization reduced the financial outcome by 16–18% and considerably changed the structure of optimal management (e.g., timings for thinnings, rotation period and intensity of thinnings). We introduced an approach that can be applied to include not only height variation but also variation of other tree properties (such as branchiness or the amount of heartwood and sapwood) into the matrix models.
Predicting Network Failures with AI Techniques

Network failure is the unintentional interruption of internet services, resulting in widespread client frustration. It is especially true for time-sensitive services in the healthcare industry, smart grid control, and mobility control, among others. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has compelled many businesses to operate remotely, making uninterrupted internet access essential. Moreover, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) lose millions of dollars annually due to network failure, which has a negative impact on their businesses. Currently, redundant network equipment is used as a restoration technique to resolve this issue of network failure. This technique requires a strategy for failure identification and prediction to run faultlessly and without delay. However, we lack a suitable generic network failure identification and prediction system due to the unavailability of publicly accessible failure data. This study simulates network traffic to gather failure data based on a general network failure guideline. Furthermore, various state-of-the-art Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods were applied to the generated data. Notably, our proposed Deep Learning model for failure identification provides accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores in the range of 97% to 99% for three different demonstration networks. Additionally, our proposed Long Short Term Memory model gives low root mean square error rates of 0.9751 for failure prediction.
Quantification of causal interactions in complex systems

The notion of causality has been tackled by philosophers for many centuries but only recently, several attempts have appeared to formally define causality in physical systems. In this master thesis we will take a look at the WienerGranger method for statistical analysis of causal interactions. We provide a theoretical introduction to this method defining its basic concepts and properties. Afterwards we first use this method to analyze artificially generated time series, and later we apply this method to measure emergent behavior in an artificial system of bird flocking. keywords: Granger causality, time series, statistical analysis, autonomy, emergence
Social Learning and Monetary Policy Rules ∗

We analyze the effects of social learning in a widely-studied monetary policy context. Social learning might be viewed as more descriptive of actual learning behavior in complex market economies. Ideas about how best to forecast the economy’s state vector are initially heterogeneous. Agents can copy better forecasting techniques and discard those techniques which are less successful. We seek to understand whether the economy will converge to a rational expectations equilibrium under this more realistic learning dynamic. A key result from the literature in the version of the model we study is that the Taylor Principle governs both the uniqueness and the expectational stability of the rational expectations equilibrium when all agents learn homogeneously using recursive algorithms. We find that the Taylor Principle is not necessary for convergence in a social learning context. We also contribute to the use of genetic algorithm learning in stochastic environments. Finally, we study whether social learning can coordinate on sunspot equilibria which exist in the region of the parameter space where our model is not expectationally stable and where the Taylor principle does not hold. We find that our agents cannot coordinate on a sunspot equilibrium either in its general form specification or common factor specification.
a genetic variant in large tumor suppressor kinase 2 of hippo signaling pathway contributes to prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

: The Hippo pathway plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed at exploring the genetic variants of Hippo pathway-related genes and their association with HCC prognosis. A total of 331 HCC patients who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were recruited in this study. None of the patients had prior surgical treatment. Twelve potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7317471 and rs9509492 in LATS2 ; rs4810446, rs2267853, rs8000, and rs6073627 in MST1 ; rs10955176 in MST2 ; and rs16861979, rs2043550, rs16861985, rs1055153, and rs7630434 in TAZ ) in the Hippo pathway were genotyped from patients’ peripheral leukocytes using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Cox proportional hazard models and log-rank test were used for the survival analyses. LATS2 rs7317471 C . T polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risk of death in HCC using the dominant model (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46–0.87, P = 0.004). Furthermore, using stratified analysis, LATS2 rs7317471 CT/TT genotypes were found to be significantly associated with decreased risk of death in patients who were below 53 years of age (adjusted HR = 0.50), females (adjusted HR = 0.60), smokers (adjusted HR = 0.56), drinkers (adjusted HR = 0.58), have Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage B (adjusted HR = 0.62), and received no prior chemotherapy or transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (adjusted HR = 0.48). Our results suggested that LATS2 rs7317471 could be used as a potential biomarker for the prediction of HCC prognosis.
Amplitude variations of 1470‐year climate oscillations during the last 100,000 years linked to fluctuations of continental ice mass

We describe amplitude variations of a 1470‐year (y) signal in the oxygen‐isotope record from the GISP2 ice‐core as a function of continental ice mass as recorded in sea‐level variations. The 1470‐y signal is closely tied to Dansgaard‐Oeschger interstadial events, which perturbed the climate system on a global scale. Large‐amplitude 1470‐y oscillations occur only if continental ice mass exceeds a threshold level, equivalent to sea level at approximately −45 m and are tied to times of change in ice mass. Minima of the 1470‐y signal in the Greenland ice are associated with short time intervals of relatively stable phases of sea level and with reduced climate variability in the entire periodicity range between approximately 550–5000 y.
Mechanical Strength Indicators of Polyurethane Adhesive in Lightweight Floor Systems

Abstract The article describes the basic features of the lightweight floor system with heat-dissipating lamellas (LFS-L) that do not require screeds and are used in the design of radiant heating. It was assumed that reactive polyurethane adhesive constitute the connection layer between the ceramic tile floor and the thermal insulation substrate, which is covered with aluminium foil. This type of construction has not been fully tested for mechanical strength. To define it, for example, using the finite element method, strength indicators of the tested adhesives which were not used in any of the previous studies discussed in this paper should be determined, such as Young’s modulus E, Poisson’s ratio ν and linear thermal expansion coefficient α. This article presents research methods by which these data were determined. Module E and the ν ratio were determined in the compression strength test of cylindrical samples of polyurethane adhesive. Coefficient α was determined by using digital image correlation in the Aramis system, placing the prepared adhesive samples in a thermal chamber.
Rich annotation of DNA sequencing variants by leveraging the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor with plugins

High-throughput DNA sequencing has become a mainstay for the discovery of genomic variants that may cause disease or affect phenotype. A next-generation sequencing pipeline typically identifies thousands of variants in each sample. A particular challenge is the annotation of each variant in a way that is useful to downstream consumers of the data, such as clinical sequencing centers or researchers.These users may require that all data storage and analysis remain on secure local servers to protect patient confidentiality or intellectual property, may have unique and changing needs to draw on a variety of annotation data sets and may prefer not to rely on closed-source applications beyond their control. Here we describe scalable methods for using the plugin capability of the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor to enrich its basic set of variant annotations with additional data on genes, function, conservation, expression, diseases, pathways and protein structure, and describe an extensible framework for easily adding additional custom data sets.
Latest Cretaceous mollusc species ‘fabric’ of the US Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: a baseline for measuring biotic recovery

Abstract Studies of biosphere changes with time risk serious misinterpretation if they are based on a single section or closely spaced sections because lateral geographical changes in a fauna’s distribution can be interpreted erroneously as profound temporal change. This problem can be ameliorated if the variation in fauna geographical distribution is well documented because such information would provide a reference to which temporal changes may be compared. That is, if temporal changes are greater than documented lateral changes, extinction or origination may have occurred. If temporal changes are within the observed lateral changes, then no compelling need to suggest evolutionary change exists. Data for the Haustator bilira Assemblage Zone in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain are given in terms of nine areas distributed along a 2100 mile outcrop belt. The data result from examination of over 110 000 larger invertebrate fossil specimens, most of which are mollusc. Each mollusc species encountered was classified by feeding types, habitat and size. Because the Haustator bilira Assemblage Zone represents the youngest Cretaceous sediments of the Coastal Plain, the data assembled provide a reference plane just prior to the K/T boundary. It is hoped that these data will be used to evaluate the significance of biosphere changes in the vicinity of the K/T boundary.
Clinical and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Europe

It is difﬁcult to determine the impact of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Europe, because precise data are scarce. Mortality attributable to CAP varies widely between European countries and with the site of patient management. This review analysed the clinical and economic burden, aetiology and resistance patterns of CAP in European adults. All primary articles reporting studies in Europe published from January 1990 to December 2007 addressing the clinical and economic burden of CAP in adults were included. A total of 2606 records were used to identify primary studies. CAP incidence varied by country, age and gender, and was higher in individuals aged $ 65 years and in men. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common agent isolated. Mortality varied from < 1% to 48% and was associated with advanced age, co-morbid conditions and CAP severity. Antibiotic resistance was seen in all pathogens associated with CAP. There was an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains, but resistance was not related to mortality. CAP was associated with high rates of hospitalisation and length of hospital stay. The review showed that the clinical and economic burden of CAP in Europe is high. CAP has considerable long-term effects on quality of life, and long-term prognosis is worse in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia.
[clc] Kinetic and Stoichiometric Characterization of Organoautotrophic Growth of Ralstonia Eutropha on Formic Acid in Fed-batch and Continuous Cultures Publisher Accessed Terms of Use Kinetic and Stoichiometric Characterization of Organoautotrophic Growth of Ralstonia Eutropha on Formic Acid in Fed-

The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Summary Formic acid, acting as both carbon and energy source, is a safe alternative to a carbon dioxide, hydrogen and dioxygen mix for studying the conversion of carbon through the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle into value-added chemical compounds by non-photosynthetic microorganisms. In this work, organoautotrophic growth of Ralstonia eutropha on formic acid was studied using an approach combining stoichiometric modeling and controlled cultures in bioreactors. A strain deleted of its polyhy-droxyalkanoate production pathway was used in order to carry out a physiological characterization. The maximal growth yield was determined at 0.16 Cmole Cmole −1 in a formate-limited continuous culture. The measured yield corresponded to 76% to 85% of the theoretical yield (later confirmed in pH-controlled fed-batch cultures). The stoichiometric study highlighted the imbalance between carbon and energy provided by formic acid and explained the low growth yields measured. Fed-batch cultures were also used to determine the maximum specific growth rate (μ max = 0.18 h −1) and to study the impact of increasing formic acid concentrations on growth yields. High formic acid sensitivity was found in R eutropha since a linear decrease in the biomass yield with increasing residual formic acid concentrations was observed between 0 and 1.5 g l −1 .