Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interferometry of class I methanol masers, statistics and the distance scale

Abstract The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) participated in a number of survey programs to search for and image common class I methanol masers (at 36 and 44 GHz) with high angular resolution. In this paper, we discuss spatial and velocity distributions revealed by these surveys. In particular, the number of maser regions is found to fall off exponentially with the linear distance from the associated young stellar object traced by the 6.7-GHz maser, and the scale of this distribution is 263±15 milliparsec. Although this relationship still needs to be understood in the context of the broader field, it can be utilised to estimate the distance using methanol masers only. This new technique has been analysed to understand its limitations and future potential. It turned out, it can be very successful to resolve the ambiguity in kinematic distances, but, in the current form, is much less accurate (than the kinematic method) if used on its own.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Abacavir Sulphate Loaded Niosomes and Proniosomes in Rats

The plasma pharmacokinetic study of abacavir sulphate was investigated after oral administration of free abacavir sulphate solution, freshly prepared niosomal and proniosomal abacavir sulphate dispersions. The abacavir sulphate loaded niosome vesicles were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and proniosomes were prepared by the slurry method using tween 60 as surfactant cholesterol as a membrane stabilizer and dicetyl phosphate as a negative charge inducer. Maltodextrin was used as a carrier in the proniosome formulations. The formulations were evaluated for various evaluation parameters such as drug-polymer interaction, phase identification analysis and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. The comparative pharmacokinetics of free, niosome encapsulated and proniosome encapsulated abacavir sulphate was evaluated in rats at a dose of 8.57 mg/kg of abacavir sulphate. The results of niosome and proniosome encapsulated abacavir sulphate showed a significant increase in bioavailability and prolonged release characteristics. Increased half-life of 3.40 h in the case of niosomes and 4.88 h in the case of proniosomes were observed. Based on the results, it can be concluded that niosomal and proniosomal formulation could be a promising delivery system for abacavir sulphate with improved oral bioavailability and prolonged drug release profiles.
The Detection of Variable Radio Emission from the Fast Rotating Magnetic Hot B-Star HR 7355 and Evidence for Its X-Ray Aurorae

In this paper we investigate the multiwavelengths properties of the magnetic early B-type star HR7355. We present its radio light curves at several frequencies, taken with the Jansky Very Large Array, and X-ray spectra, taken with the XMM X-ray telescope. Modeling of the radio light curves for the Stokes I and V provides a quantitative analysis of the HR7355 magnetosphere. A comparison between HR7355 and a similar analysis for the Ap star CUVir, allows us to study how the different physical parameters of the two stars affect the structure of the respective magnetospheres where the non-thermal electrons originate. Our model includes a cold thermal plasma component that accumulates at high magnetic latitudes that influences the radio regime, but does not give rise to X-ray emission. Instead, the thermal X-ray emission arises from shocks generated by wind stream collisions close to the magnetic equatorial plane. The analysis of the X-ray spectrum of HR7355 also suggests the presence of a non-thermal radiation. Comparison between the spectral index of the power-law X-ray energy distribution with the non-thermal electron energy distribution indicates that the non-thermal X-ray component could be the auroral signature of the non-thermal electrons that impact the stellar surface, the same non-thermal electrons that are responsible for the observed radio emission. On the basis of our analysis, we suggest a novel model that simultaneously explains the X-ray and the radio features of HR7355 and is likely relevant for magnetospheres of other magnetic early type stars.
Distortion of Magnetic Fields in a Starless Core: Near-infrared Polarimetry of FeSt 1–457

Magnetic fields are believed to play an important role in controlling the stability and contraction of the dense condensations of gas and dust that lead to the formation of stars and planetary systems. In the present study, the magnetic field of FeSt 1–457, a cold starless molecular cloud core, was mapped on the basis of the polarized near-infrared light from 185 background stars after being dichroically absorbed by dust aligned with the magnetic field in the core. A distinct “hourglass-shaped” magnetic field was identified in the region of the core, and was interpreted as the first evidence of a magnetic field structure distorted by mass condensation in a starless core. The steep curvature of the magnetic field lines obtained in the present study indicates that the distortion was mainly created during the formation phase of the dense core. The derived mass-to-magnetic flux ratio indicates that the core is in a magnetically supercritical state. However, the stability of the core can be considered to be in a nearly critical state if the additional contributions from the thermal and turbulent support are included. Further diffusion of the magnetic field and/or turbulent dissipation would cause the onset of the dynamical collapse of the core. The geometrical relationship between the direction of the magnetic field lines and the elongation of the core was found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions for the formation of Sun-like stars under the influence of a magnetic field.
EFFECT GROWTH REGULATORS AND STATE OF MEDIUM ON MICROPROPAGATION OF ADHATODA VASICA (NEES.)

The experiment was conducted at Plant Biotechnology Laboratory of Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh to study the effect of auxin and cytokinin on shoot induction and subsequent rooting from shoot tip of Adhatoda vasica. For shoot proliferation, MS medium was supplemented with BA and Kinetin, ranging from 0.1-2.0 mgL-1 and for root induction, both solid and liquid MS media fortified with NAA or IBA 0.1-2.0 mgL-1 were employed. Maximum number of usable shoots was found on the medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 BA (1.86±0.52) and 1.5 mgL-l Kinetin (1.18±0.34). Root induction on solid medium showed that only one concentration of NAA (0.1 mgL-1) and 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l of IBA responded in rooting, but the highest number of roots (6.22±1.79) with the highest average root length (0.88±0.25 cm) were observed on solid medium supplemented with IBA 1.0 mgL-1. All the concentrations of IBA and NAA responded in rooting on liquid medium with maximum number at the concentration of 1.5 mgL-1 NAA (16.79±5.3) and 1.0 mgL-1 IBA (13.1±3.78). The healthy roots were observed in liquid medium at the concentration of 0.1 mg/l NAA. In vitro regenerated plantlets were transferred to sterile soil containing 75% soil and 25% sand and then successfully established under natural condition.
Quantum quenches, sonic horizons, and the Hawking radiation in a class of exactly solvable models

Taking advantage of the known exact mapping of the one-dimensional Hard Core Bose (HCB) fluid onto a non-interacting spinless fermion gas, we examine in full detail a thought experiment on cold atoms confined in a quasi-one-dimensional trap, in order to investigate the emergence of the analogue Hawking radiation. The dynamics of a gas of interacting bosons impinging on an external potential is exactly tracked up to the reach of a stationary state. Under few strict conditions on the experimental parameters, the stationary state is shown to be described asymptotically by a thermal distribution, precisely at the expected (analogue) Hawking temperature. However, we find that in most experimental conditions the emerging `Hawking-like radiation' is not thermal. This analysis provides a novel many-body microscopic interpretation of the Hawking mechanism, together with useful limits and conditions for the design of future experiments in Bose-Einstein condensates.
AstroSat and Chandra View of the High Soft State of 4U 1630–47 (4U 1630–472): Evidence of the Disk Wind and a Rapidly Spinning Black Hole

We present the X-ray spectral and timing analysis of the transient black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630–47, observed with the AstroSat, Chandra, and MAXI space missions during its soft X-ray outburst in 2016. The outburst, from the rising phase until the peak, is detected neither in hard X-rays (15–50 keV) by the Swift/BAT nor in radio. Such nondetection, along with the source behavior in the hardness–intensity and color–color diagrams obtained using MAXI data, confirms that both Chandra and AstroSat observations were performed during the HS spectral state. The High Energy Grating (HEG) spectrum from the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer shows two strong, moderately blueshifted absorption lines at keV and keV, which are produced by Fe xxv and Fe xxvi in a low-velocity ionized disk wind. The corresponding outflow velocity is determined to be 366 ± 56 km s−1. Separate spectral fits of Chandra/HEG, AstroSat/SXT+LAXPC, and Chandra/HEG+AstroSat/SXT+LAXPC data show that the broadband continuum can be well described with a relativistic disk blackbody model, with a disk flux fraction of ∼0.97. Based on the best-fit continuum spectral modeling of Chandra, AstroSat, and Chandra+AstroSat joint spectra and using the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, we constrain the spectral hardening factor at and the dimensionless black hole spin parameter at 0.92 ± 0.04 within the 99.7% confidence interval. Our conclusion of a rapidly spinning black hole in 4U 1630–47 using the continuum spectrum method is in agreement with a previous finding applying the reflection spectral fitting method.
Electrical voltage manipulation of ferromagnetic microdomain structures in a ferromagnetic/ferroelectric hybrid structure

We report on electrical bias voltage manipulation of the magnetic domain structures of patterned ferromagnetic Fe dots on a ferroelectric BaTiO3 underlayer using a scanning probe microscope technique. Piezoresponse force microscopy is used to apply local electric field on the Fe dots/BaTiO3 hybrid structure and to map the ferroelectric domain structures simultaneously. Magnetic force microscope observation also demonstrates that the magnetic domain structures of the Fe dots significantly change with the application of voltage at room temperature through the coupling between piezoelectric and magnetostrictive effects, indicating that the Fe dots/BaTiO3 hybrid structure provides a promising basis for controlling micromagnetic domain structures using electric voltage.
Travel Intention during a Pandemic: Assessing the Role of Destination Trust, Destination Reputation, Social Media Activity and Willingness to Help

This study examines the effect of Destination Trust, Destination Reputation, and Social Media Activity on travel intention through a willingness to help. The sample in this study amounted to 200 people. The analytical method used in this study is a structured equation model with SMART PLS 3.3. 3. The results showed that destination reputation and social media activity have a positive and significant influence on travel intention and Willingness to Help mediated Destination Trust, Destination Reputation, and Social Media Activity on Travel Intention.
On the dynamical anomalies in numerical simulations of selfgravitating systems.

Abstract According to self-similarity hypothesis, the thermodynamic limit could be deﬁned from the scaling laws for the system self-similarity by using the microcanonical ensemble. This analysis for selfgravitating systems yields the following thermodynamiclimit: N → ∞ keeping constant E/N 73 and LN 13 , in which is ensured the extensivity of the Boltzmann entropy S B =lnW (E,N). It is shown how the consideration of this thermodynamic limit allows us to explain the origin of dynamicalanomalies in numerical simulations of selfgravitating systems. PACS numbers: 05.20. -y; 05.70. -a I. INTRODUCTION In the last years there is a special interest to performa well-deﬁned thermodynamical description for selfgrav-itating systems and many interesting results have beenobtained [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. In ref. [11], de Vegaand Sanchez have pointed out that a kind of thermody-namical limit of a self-gravitating system can be deﬁnedif one considers what they call the diluted limit: send thenumber of particles, N, and the volume, V , to inﬁnity,keeping constant the ratio N/V
Sakharov’s Induced Gravity and the Poincaré Gauge Theory

We explore Sakharov's seminal idea that gravitational dynamics is induced by the quantum corrections from the matter sector. This was the starting point of the view that gravity has an emergent origin, which soon gained impetus due to the advent of black hole thermodynamics. In the generalized framework of Riemann--Cartan spacetime with both curvature and torsion, the induced gravitational action is obtained for free nonminimally coupled scalar and Dirac fields. For a realistic matter content, the induced Newton constant is obtained to be of the magnitude of the ultraviolet cutoff, which implies that the cutoff is of the order of the Planck mass. Finally, we conjecture that the action for any gauge theory of gravity at low energies can be induced by Sakharov's mechanism. This is explicitly shown by obtaining the Poincar\'e gauge theory of gravity.
Accelerated Chambolle Projection Algorithms for Image Restoration

In this paper, the accelerated Chambolle projection algorithms based on Frank–Wolfe have been proposed. For solving the image restoration under the additive Gaussian noise, the Chambolle projection method (CP) is widely used. However, the projection operator has a large computational cost and complex form. By means of the Frank–Wolfe method, this projection operation can be greatly simplified. We propose two new algorithms, called Chambolle projection based on Frank–Wolfe (CP–FW) and Chambolle projection based on accelerated Frank–Wolfe (CP–AFW). They have a fast convergence rate and low computation cost. Furthermore, we extend the new algorithms to deal with the Poisson noise. The convergence of the new algorithms is discussed, and results of the experiment show their effectiveness and efficiency.
The Formation Conditions of the Wide Binary Class 0 Protostars within BHR 71

We present a characterization of the binary protostar system that is forming within a dense core in the isolated dark cloud BHR71. The pair of protostars, IRS1 and IRS2, are both in the Class 0 phase, determined from observations that resolve the sources from 1 μm out to 250 μm and from 1.3 mm to 1.3 cm. The resolved observations enable the luminosities of IRS1 and IRS2 to be independently measured (14.7 and 1.7 L☉, respectively), in addition to the bolometric temperatures 68 K and 38 K, respectively. The surrounding core was mapped in NH3 (1, 1) with the Parkes radio telescope, and followed with higher-resolution observations from ATCA in NH3 (1, 1) and 1.3 cm continuum. The protostars were then further characterized with ALMA observations in the 1.3 mm continuum along with N2D+ ( ), 12CO, 13CO, and C18O ( ) molecular lines. The Parkes observations find evidence for a velocity gradient across the core surrounding the two protostars, while ATCA reveals more complex velocity structure toward the protostars within the large-scale gradient. The ALMA observations then reveal that the two protostars are at the same velocity in C18O, and N2D+ exhibits a similar velocity structure as NH3. However, the C18O kinematics reveal that the rotation on scales <1000 au around IRS1 and IRS2 are in opposite directions. Taken with the lack of a systematic velocity difference between the pair, it is unlikely that their formation resulted from rotational fragmentation. We instead conclude that the binary system most likely formed via turbulent fragmentation of the core.
Evolving optical polarisation of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070

Aims. The optical emission of black hole transients increases by several magnitudes during the X-ray outbursts. Whether the extra light arises from the X-ray heated outer disc, from the inner hot accretion flow, or from the jet is currently debated. Optical polarisation measurements are able to distinguish the relative contributions of these components. Methods. We present the results of BVR polarisation measurements of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 during the period of March-April 2018. Results. We detect small, ∼0.7%, but statistically significant polarisation, part of which is of interstellar origin. Depending on the interstellar polarisation estimate, the intrinsic polarisation degree of the source is between ∼0.3% and 0.7%, and the polarisation position angle is between ∼10 ° −30°. We show that the polarisation increases after MJD 58222 (2018 April 14). The change is of the order of 0.1% and is most pronounced in the R band. The change of the source Stokes parameters occurs simultaneously with the drop of the observed V-band flux and a slow softening of the X-ray spectrum. The Stokes vectors of intrinsic polarisation before and after the drop are parallel, at least in the V and R filters. Conclusions. We suggest that the increased polarisation is due to the decreasing contribution of the non-polarized component, which we associate with the the hot flow or jet emission. The low polarisation can result from the tangled geometry of the magnetic field or from the Faraday rotation in the dense, ionised, and magnetised medium close to the black hole. The polarized optical emission is likely produced by the irradiated disc or by scattering of its radiation in the optically thin outflow.
Sensor-less adaptive optics for Brillouin micro-spectroscopy

Brillouin spectroscopy is a powerful optical technique for viscoelastic characterization of samples without contact. However, like all optical systems, Brillouin spectroscopy performances are degraded by optical aberrations, and have therefore been limited to homogenous transparent samples. To correct for aberrations, adaptive optics (AO) methods have been previously integrated into a variety of optical modalities ranging from ground-based telescopes to super-resolution microscopes. In this work, we developed an adaptive optics configuration designed for Brillouin scattering spectral analysis. Our configuration doesn't require direct wave-front sensing and the injection of a 'guide-star'; hence, it can be implemented without the need for sample pre-treatment. We used our AO-Brillouin spectrometer in aberrated phantoms and biological samples; consistent with previous AO systems, we demonstrate effective correction of optical aberrations yielding 2.5-fold enhancement in Brillouin signal strength and 1.4-fold improvement in axial resolution.
Research on strabismus iris segmentation model based on deep snake multitask learning

Abstract. Biometrics is widely used in various fields as a means of biological individual identification, and iris recognition is recognized as an efficient, stable, and secure biometric method. However, when the cooperation with users is reduced under complex scenes, the collected iris images are prone to squint or defocus, which causes serious difficulties for iris preprocessing, especially iris location, and segmentation. To solve this problem, we propose a multitask deep learning model based on deep snake. Using the closed-loop prior conditions of the inner and outer boundaries of the iris itself, the active contour method is used to achieve accurate iris location, and semantic segmentation is carried out in the effective region. First, the initial iris location and segmentation results are obtained using the target detection module based on mask regions with convolutional neural networks, then the initial contour is located by poles. The iris boundary is represented by a set of ordered point coordinates through equal spacing sampling. The initial contour is transferred as input to the active contour fitting network based on deep snake to obtain accurate iris location results. Finally, the segmentation results are obtained by the internal and external boundary constraint models. In the segmentation process, efficient channel attention mechanism is introduced to improve the segmentation accuracy and make the network focus on the effective iris region. The SoftPool layer is used to reduce the loss of image detail information caused by pooling, so that the whole network is differentiable. The performance improvements of 3.26%, 3.9%, and 3.45% are obtained on the three squint iris datasets, respectively, which proves the effectiveness of the model in solving the squint iris problem and improves the accuracy and robustness of iris recognition in complex scenes.
Distinct MJOs Under the Two Types of La Niña

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) strongly influences the interannual variations of Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO)—the dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability. Previous studies have revealed more about the impacts of the diversified El Niño on MJO, but less about those of the La Niña diversity. Using observations and global climate model experiments, this study demonstrates that MJO undergoes distinct variations and Pacific teleconnections when La Niña varies between eastern‐Pacific (EP) and central‐Pacific (CP) types. Compared to the CP La Niña, MJO under the EP La Niña is more energetic over the southern Maritime Continent–South Pacific Convergence Zone and can propagate faster and further with a broader zonal circulation scale over the Indo‐Pacific warm pool. The stronger and faster MJO under the EP La Niña is associated with more vigorous ascending motions, higher moisture content and stronger moistening in the lower‐level atmosphere ahead of the MJO deep convection. Although the meridional moisture advection exists as the fundamental mechanism of MJO eastward propagation, the distinct MJO under the two types of La Niña primarily results from the different lower‐tropospheric moistening due to the zonal moisture advection. Both the background mean and anomalous zonal winds and moisture gradients are stronger under the EP La Niña, thereby causing a remarkable invigoration effect of zonally advective moistening. Diverse extratropical circulation responses of distinct MJOs are also discussed. These results should improve our understanding of the whole ENSO diversity paradigm that influences MJO and teleconnections.