Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computation with doubling constituents

In the biolinguistics program, syntax has access to only limited and minimal operations such as Merge (and Move) plus local (to Phase) probe-goal, Chomsky (2000, 2001). Under this blueprint, the challenge for implementation is twofold: (1) to show that such a system operating locally can systematically derive complex facts, and (2) that computation, i.e. the selection of the appropriate operation is locally (and perhaps globally) efficient. To this end, available mechanisms may be prioritized to create an unambiguous instruction stream, e.g. Merge over Move. In this paper, we develop a computationally verified implementation of classic Binding Theory facts, including pronoun and anaphor asymmetries for mono- and multi-clausal sentences, possessive DPs, and picture DPs. We take as our starting point Chomsky’s probe-goal system plus Kayne’s (2002) doubling constituent proposal for pronoun-antecedent coreference relations. Within this framework, maintaining Phase locality between probe and goal forces independent licensing of an r-expression from its pronominal component via an operation of Last Resort theta Merge. We maintain that this Last Resort variant of Merge maintains the computational efficiency of the probe-goal system in that it operates precisely at the limit of probe-goal search domain and it does not introduce any additional choice points into the instruction stream.
WHoG: A weighted HoG-based scheme for the detection of birds and identification of their poses in natural environments

We describe a technique for object detection that uses a combination of global shape descriptors and local point descriptors. Our system is able to represent pose using a global shape descriptor, rather than the commonly used part based representation. This approach considerably reduces computational complexity and achieves a significant performance improvement on an extensive dataset: CUB-200-2011 [31]. Our methodology is valuable for the detection of textured objects that are viewed against background clutter and possess a high degree of articulation and variation of pose, as for example in birds. We demonstrate how high and low frequency gradients can be separated to better deal with the presence of interfering textures or stripes within the body, which is a major problem in the detection of bird-like objects. Furthermore, detection accuracy is improved by integrating appropriately designed scale invariant color features into the algorithm.
Efficient Top-K Problem Solvings for More Users in Tree-Oriented Data Structures

This paper focuses on efficient searching the best K objects in more attributes according to user preferences. User preferences are modelled locally with fuzzy functions and globally with an aggregation function. Because of local preferences, we have used B+-tree for sorting objects according to a fuzzy function. We deal with the usage of TA-algorithm, which uses B+-trees, and MD-algorithm, which is based on multidimensional B-tree. In this paper we develop a new algorithm, MXT-algorithm, which id based on integration of MD-algorithm with more instances of TA-algorithm. We also develop a new tree-oriented data structure based on B+-trees, multidimensional B-tree with lists, in which MXT-algorithm can effectively find the best K objects according to user preferences. Finally, we show that according to the type of object attribute domains, it is possible to choose the best data structure for objects storage and also top-K algorithm for efficient top-K problem solving.
Partons and Jets at Strong Coupling from AdS/CFT(Gauge/Gravity Duality,New Frontiers in QCD 2008-Fundamental Problems in Hot and/or Dense Matter-)

Calculations using the AdS/CFT correspondence can be used to unveil the short-distance structure of a strongly coupled plasma, as it would be seen by a `hard probe'. The results of these calculations admit a natural physical interpretation in terms of parton evolution in the plasma: via successive branchings, essentially all partons cascade down to very small values of the longitudinal momentum fraction x and to transverse momenta smaller than the saturation momentum Q_s\sim T/x. This scale Q_s controls the energy loss and the transverse momentum broadening of an energetic jet propagating through the plasma. This picture has some striking consequences, like the absence of jets in electron-proton annihilation at strong coupling, of the absence of particle production at forward and backward rapidities in hadron-hadron collisions, which look very different from the corresponding predictions of perturbative QCD and also from the known experimental situation.
A behavioral study of Sybil attack on vehicular network

Reliable message transmission through multi-hoping in wireless network is emerging area of research. It is very difficult if nodes move with high speed. A wireless Network category in three ways Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), Static Ad-hoc Network (SANET) and Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) in this VANET required sufficient research. VANET is having a positive approach to get better management and safety in road traffic that gives various ranges of valuable services. The safety and security of messages is the precious requirements for vehicular network. Security and privacy of the messages are the two concerns motivating strong vehicular network designs. This paper presents routing protocols, and the network threats that can be exploited the working performance of VANET. This paper also describes comparative performance of routing protocol in presence of Sybil.
An Optimized Feature Selection Technique For Email Classification

In machine learning, feature selection is a problem of global combinatorial optimization resulting in poor predictions and high computational overhead due to irrelevant and redundant features in the dataset. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a classifier suitable to deal with feature problems but cannot efficiently handle large e-mail dataset. In this research work, the feature selection in SVM was optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results obtained from this study showed that the optimized SVM technique gave a classification accuracy of 80.44% in 2.06 seconds while SVM gave an accuracy of 68.34% in 6.33 seconds for email dataset of 1000. Using the 3000 e-mail dataset, the classification accuracy and computational time of the optimized SVM technique and SVM were 90.56%, 0.56 second and 46.71%, 60.16 seconds respectively. Similarly, 93.19%, 0.19 second and 18.02%, 91.47 seconds were obtained for optimized SVM technique and SVM respectively using 6000 e-mail dataset. In conclusion, the results obtained demonstrate that the optimized SVM technique had better classification accuracy with less computational time than SVM. The optimized SVM technique exhibited better performance with large e-mail dataset thereby eliminating the drawbacks of SVM.
Functional organization of segmentally homologous neurons in hindbrain

・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・3–4 General Introduction・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・5–8 Chapter 1: Morphological identification of the segmental homologous reticulospinal neurons in the adult goldfish hindbrain・・・・・・・9–24 Chapter 2: Functional connectivity between the Mauthner cell and homologous reticulospinal neurons repeated in r4 to r6 in the goldfish hindbrain・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・25–45 General Discussion・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・46–53 References・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・54–66 Acknowledgements・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・67
The impact of characteristics of cigarette smoking on urinary tract cancer risk

Although narrative reviews have concluded that there is strong support for an association between cigarette smoking and urinary tract cancer, the association has never been quantified systematically in reviews. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize and quantify the impact of different smoking characteristics (status, amount, duration, cessation, and age at first exposure) both unadjusted and adjusted for age and gender.
Interaction of lithotripter shockwaves with single inertial cavitation bubbles

The dynamic interaction of a shockwave (modelled as a pressure pulse) with an initially spherically oscillating bubble is investigated. Upon the shockwave impact, the bubble deforms non-spherically and the flow field surrounding the bubble is determined with potential flow theory using the boundary-element method (BEM). The primary advantage of this method is its computational efficiency. The simulation process is repeated until the two opposite sides of the bubble surface collide with each other (i.e. the formation of a jet along the shockwave propagation direction). The collapse time of the bubble, its shape and the velocity of the jet are calculated. Moreover, the impact pressure is estimated based on water-hammer pressure theory. The Kelvin impulse, kinetic energy and bubble displacement (all at the moment of jet impact) are also determined. Overall, the simulated results compare favourably with experimental observations of lithotripter shockwave interaction with single bubbles (using laser-induced bubbles at various oscillation stages). The simulations confirm the experimental observation that the most intense collapse, with the highest jet velocity and impact pressure, occurs for bubbles with intermediate size during the contraction phase when the collapse time of the bubble is approximately equal to the compressive pulse duration of the shock wave. Under this condition, the maximum amount of energy of the incident shockwave is transferred to the collapsing bubble. Further, the effect of the bubble contents (ideal gas with different initial pressures) and the initial conditions of the bubble (initially oscillating vs. non-oscillating) on the dynamics of the shockwave-bubble interaction are discussed.
A test of the master gene hypothesis for interspersed repetitive DNA sequences.

Many families of interspersed repetitive DNA elements, including human Alu and LINE (Long Interspersed Element) elements, have been proposed to have accumulated through repeated copying from a single source locus: the "master gene. " The extent to which a master gene model is applicable has implications for the origin, evolution, and function of such sequences. One repetitive element family for which a convincing case for a master gene has been made is the rodent ID (identifier) elements. Here we devise a new test of the master gene model and use it to show that mouse ID element sequences are not compatible with a strict master gene model. We suggest that a single master gene is rarely, if ever, likely to be responsible for the accumulation of any repeat family.
The Incidence of Carcinoma in Solitary “Cold” Thyroid Nodules

Two hundred and three patients with single thyroid nodules were referred for radioactive scan of the thyroid. Solitary “cold” nodules were identified in 130 patients and 68 of these patients came to surgery. Of this group, 12 patients were found to have carcinoma. There was no obvious selection process which distinguished the 68 patients who underwent surgery from the 62 who did not. There is a significant risk of thyroid neoplasms occurring in patients with solitary “cold” nodules, and this is particularly true in patients under forty.
Ran Involved in the Development and Reproduction Is a Potential Target for RNA-Interference-Based Pest Management in Nilaparvata lugens

Ran (RanGTPase) in insects participates in the 20-hydroxyecdysone signal transduction pathway in which downstream genes, FTZ-F1, Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) and vitellogenin, are involved. A putative Ran gene (NlRan) was cloned from Nilaparvata lugens, a destructive phloem-feeding pest of rice. NlRan has the typical Ran primary structure features that are conserved in insects. NlRan showed higher mRNA abundance immediately after molting and peaked in newly emerged female adults. Among the examined tissues ovary had the highest transcript level, followed by fat body, midgut and integument, and legs. Three days after dsNlRan injection the NlRan mRNA abundance in the third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar nymphs was decreased by 94.3%, 98.4% and 97.0%, respectively. NlFTZ-F1 expression levels in treated third- and fourth-instar nymphs were reduced by 89.3% and 23.8%, respectively. In contrast, NlKr-h1 mRNA levels were up-regulated by 67.5 and 1.5 folds, respectively. NlRan knockdown significantly decreased the body weights, delayed development, and killed >85% of the nymphs at day seven. Two apparent phenotypic defects were observed: (1) Extended body form, and failed to molt; (2) The cuticle at the notum was split open but cannot completely shed off. The newly emerged female adults from dsNlRan injected fifth-instar nymphs showed lower levels of NlRan and vitellogenin, lower weight gain and honeydew excretion comparing with the blank control, and no offspring. Those results suggest that NlRan encodes a functional protein that was involved in development and reproduction. The study established proof of concept that NlRan could serve as a target for dsRNA-based pesticides for N. lugens control.
Early access to lexical-level phonological representations of Mandarin word-forms: evidence from auditory N1 habituation

ABSTRACT An auditory habituation design was used to investigate whether lexical-level phonological representations in the brain can be rapidly accessed after the onset of a spoken word. We studied the N1 component of the auditory event-related electrical potential, and measured the amplitude decrements of N1 associated with the repetition of a monosyllabic tone word and an acoustically similar pseudo-word in Mandarin Chinese. Effects related to the contrastive onset consonants were controlled for by introducing two control words. We show that repeated pseudo-words consistently elicit greater amplitude decrements in N1 than real words. Furthermore, this lexicality effect is free from sensory fatigue or rapid learning of the pseudo-word. These results suggest that a lexical-level phonological representation of a spoken word can be accessed as early as 110 ms after the onset of the word-form.
Relationship of Pretreatment Rorschach Factors to Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Real-Life Functioning in a 3-Year Follow-Up of Traumatized Refugee Patients

ABSTRACT Response to mental health treatment varies highly among refugee patients. Research has not established which factors relate to differences in outcome. This study is a follow-up of Opaas and Hartmann's (2013) Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM; Exner, 2003) pretreatment study of traumatized refugees, where 2 RIM principal components, Trauma Response and Reality Testing, were found descriptive of participants’ trauma-related personality functioning. This study's aims were to examine relationships of the RIM components with measures of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, quality of life (QOL), employment, and exile language skills throughout 3 years. We found that impaired Reality Testing was related to more mental health symptoms and poorer QOL; furthermore, individuals with adequate Reality Testing improved in posttraumatic stress symptoms the first year and retained their improvement. Individuals with impaired Reality Testing deteriorated the first year and improved only slightly the next 2 years. The results of this study imply that traumatized refugee patients with impaired Reality Testing might need specific treatment approaches. Research follow-up periods should be long enough to detect changes. The reality testing impairment revealed by the RIM, mainly perceptual in quality, might not be easily detected by diagnostic interviews and self-report.
Atrial Tachycardias Arising from the Atrial Appendages and Aortic Sinus of Valsalva

Focal atrial tachycardias arising from the atrial appendages and the aortic sinuses of Valsalva are less frequently encountered in clinical practice. This review article describes the clinical presentation, surface P wave morphology, electrophysiologic characteristics and treatment of these arrhythmias. Catheter ablation of these focal tachycardias has a high success rate. It is however important to be aware of specific anatomic considerations in these locations for optimal treatment outcomes with low complication rates.
Improvement of Interprocessor Communication in A Parallel Genetic Algorithm Retaining Sequential Behaviours

This paper proposes an improvement of interprocessor communication in a parallel genetic algorithm maintaining the execution behaviours of sequential genetic algorithms. The global population is evenly partitioned into several subpopulations each of which is assigned to the processor. An interprocessor communication at each generation in order to exchange the information on all individuals is improved by two steps: First only information on tness value is exchanged between processors. According to these tness values, the individuals for crossover can be selected. Then the chromosomes of these selected individuals are exchanged between processors, if necessary. Some experiments on AP1000 show the e ciency of this improvement.
Cramér-Rao Bound Conditioned by the Energy Detector

A wide variety of processing incorporates a binary detection test that restricts the set of observations available for parameter estimation and requires to take this statistical conditioning into account to compute the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Therefore, we propose a derivation of the CRB for the deterministic signal model conditioned by the energy detector widely used in signal processing applications. This derivation has lead us to introduce novel identities on some conditional expectations of complex circular Gaussian random vectors that may be useful for other derivations.
Exploring the dark side of cooperative buyer-seller relationships

Purpose This paper aims to study the dark side of cooperative buyer-seller relationships to improve our knowledge of this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach A selective definition of dark side has been adopted, linking it to relationships of a cooperative nature within which one of the two partners assumes an opportunistic behavior. Taking into account this definition, the first part of the paper critically reviews those studies which have analyzed cooperative relations along the supply chain, drawing attention to the formation of a dark side. The second part of the paper re-examines the association between cooperation and opportunism, taking the point of view of the disadvantaged partner and adopting the networking perspective developed by the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Group. Findings The literature review enables one to identify two types of dark side. In the first case, the partner at a disadvantage is aware of what is going on, but remains trapped in the relationship because of a power imbalance and a strong dependence. In the second case, the relationship is spoilt by one partner keeping a secret from the other, exploiting an information asymmetry. The main constructs of the IMP approach have made possible to shed light on the two different types of dark side – trap and secret – that were examined from the perspective of the disadvantaged partner. Practical implications The analysis of the disadvantaged partner has made it possible to understand what strategies he can use to prevent or mitigate such a disadvantaged position. Originality/value The paper develops an original view of the phenomenon of dark side in cooperative relationships.
Balancing Curricular and Pedagogical Needs in Computational Construction Kits: Lessons from the DeltaTick Project.

To successfully integrate simulation and computational methods into K–12 STEM education, learning environments should be designed to help educators maintain balance between (a) addressing curricular content and practices and (b) attending to student knowledge and interests. We describe DeltaTick, a graphical simulation construction interface for the NetLogo modeling environment designed to make computational model construction a more accessible and responsive part of science and mathematics curricular activities through domain-specific, customizable construction libraries. With DeltaTick, learners assemble and reassemble predefined sets of “behavior blocks” to build simulations that represent a particular domain of study. When needed, blocks can be added, adjusted, or replaced to better reflect student knowledge, interests, or questions. We present coding analyses and vignettes from DeltaTick enactments in middle and high school classrooms to illustrate ways these features allowed learners to explore core curricular ideas, while also accommodating emergent student or classroom needs. From these findings, we posit two principles, curricular example space and levels of responsivity, for the design of computational modeling environments intended for classrooms. We argue that this design approach can bring into better alignment the complex relationships between computational modeling Correspondence to: Michelle Wilkerson-Jerde; e-mail: Michelle.wilkerson@tufts.edu C © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 466 WILKERSON-JERDE ET AL. activities, student knowledge, curricula, and teacher supports in K–12 classrooms. C © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 99:465–499, 2015
Pointing movements visually controlled through a video display: a new device for air traffic control?

Motivation -- Development of new devices for the human-computer interaction allows more efficiency. The aim of this study is to determine in light of motor control theories, what condition of use of digitizing tablet technology is the most efficient for Air Traffic Control (ATC). Research approach -- 24 participants were instructed to perform aiming movements, as fast and accurate as possible in three distinct conditions. The pointing movements had been carried out either directly on the tablet, or through a video screen capable of displaying the feedback of the hand, or through a video screen without the feedback of the arm. Findings/Design -- The data reveal that pointing movements through a video display seems to be usable only if feedback of the location of the arm is displayed. With this feedback, the error rate is similar to pointing movements carried out directly on a tablet. However, the movement time is doubled. Originality/Value -- This experiment takes dimensions of motor behaviour into account in order to explain performance differences between devices. Take away message -- Informational constraints on planning and controlling aiming movements could be used to predict and understand the differences between pointing devices in human-computer interaction.
The Relationship Between Social Status Motivation and the Detection of Trustworthy and Affiliative Cues in Faces

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION . 1 Evolutionary and Social Benefits of High Status . 2 Status Goals and Neural Activation . 4 The Relationship between Status Goals and Behavior . 5 The Relationship between Status Goals and Social Perception . 7 Human Faces as Signals of Relative Trustworthiness and Affiliation Interest . 11 CHAPTER II – CURRENT STUDY . 14 Hypotheses . 14 Hypothesis 1. 14 Hypothesis 2. 14 Hypothesis 3. 15 CHAPTER III METHOD . 17 Ethics Statement. 17 Participants . 17 Materials . 18 Trust Identification Task . 19 vi Smile Discrimination Task . 19 Procedure . 21 CHAPTER IV – RESULTS . 22 Manipulation Checks . 22 Trust Discrimination Results . 23 Smile Discrimination Results . 23 Exploratory Criterion Analyses . 24 Moderation by Individual Differences in Status Striving for Trust . 25 Moderation by Individual Differences in Status Striving for Smiles . 26 Moderation by Individual Differences in Socioeconomic Status for Smiles . 26 CHAPTER V – DISCUSSION . 28 Limitations . 31 Future Directions . 32 Conclusion . 34 Endnote . 35 APPENDIX A – IRB Approval Letter . 36 APPENDIX B – Research Consent Form . 37 APPENDIX C – Social Status and Control Writing Primes . 39 APPENDIX D – Sample Trustworthy and Untrustworthy Faces . 40 APPENDIX E – Sample Duchenne and Non-Duchenne Smiles . 41 vii APPENDIX F – Dispositional Status Measure . 42 APPENDIX G – Socioeconomic Status Measure . 43 APPENDIX H – Demographic Information . 44 APPENDIX I – Debriefing Statement . 45 REFERENCES . 46