Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethics into Economics: Are We Homo Economicus or Homo Religious?

This paper argues that the premise of modern economic policies, based purely on neo-classical models, has led to a social disequilibrium and environmental degradation. Neo-classical economic thinkers assume that complex human behaviors can be understood economically and analyzed rationally. Yet, people in the real world behave irrationally and not necessarily economically motivated. The ultimate human utility then lies not only within the economic domain to maximize self-interest in the material world but rather to achieve a satisfying and meaningful livelihood within the spiritual realm. Thus, we are essentially spiritual beings or homo religious having a homo economicus or material experience in search of purpose. The ultimate self-interest does indeed go beyond mere economic means and ends. The premise of economics and ethical and moral considerations should, therefore, be integrated to better understand the so-called economic behavior for a broader welfare of the society for sustainable development.
An Efficient Approach for Improving Website Design

Day by day competition is increasing, organizations do not want to annotate and loose user due to poor website structure. The objective of organization is that user must get required information in one or two clicks away in their website. At present two approaches are available to improve the website structure i.e. Web personalization and Web Transformation. In web personalization web pages are rearranged in a website and in Web Transformation links on web pages increased without changing the original structure. These approaches make the navigation effective for the user but how can it be find that rearranging or re-linking of website is required. The objective of the paper is to help website developers whenever website design needs enhancement in website. This paper proposed an efficient approach for improving website design which is based on the threshold value. It finds average number of clicks required to reach the destination if average number of clicks is greater than the threshold value that means rearranging or re-linking of web pages is required. The proposed efficient approach is coded in a mathematical programming language known as AMPL with CPLEX and MINOS 5.5 solver to find the average number of clicks required to reach the destination. The proposed efficient approach has been illustrated two different times by changing the accessibility of web pages on a website having 8 pages. The result shows first time website meets the user requirement so no need to change the structure of website but in second time click ratio passes the threshold value so it needs restructuring.
Treatment in a specialised out-patient mood disorder clinic v. standard out-patient treatment in the early course of bipolar disorder: randomised clinical trial

Background Little is known about whether treatment in a specialised out-patient mood disorder clinic improves long-term prognosis for patients discharged from initial psychiatric hospital admissions for bipolar disorder. Aims To assess the effect of treatment in a specialised out-patient mood disorder clinic v. standard decentralised psychiatric treatment among patients discharged from one of their first three psychiatric hospital admissions for bipolar disorder. Method Patients discharged from their first, second or third hospital admission with a single manic episode or bipolar disorder were randomised to treatment in a specialised out-patient mood disorder clinic or standard care (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00253071). The primary outcome measure was readmission to hospital, which was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Results A total of 158 patients with mania/bipolar disorder were included. The rate of readmission to hospital was significantly decreased for patients treated in the mood disorder clinic compared with standard treatment (unadjusted hazard ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.97, P=0.034). Patients treated in the mood disorder clinic more often used a mood stabiliser or an antipsychotic and satisfaction with treatment was more prevalent than among patients who received standard care. Conclusions Treatment in a specialised mood disorder clinic early in the course of bipolar disorder substantially reduces readmission to a psychiatric hospital and increases satisfaction with care.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma screening by combinations of ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein among Alaska Native people, 1983–2012

Background The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) recommends semi-annual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening using ultrasound (US) in persons with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection at high risk for HCC such as Asian males aged ≥40 years and Asian females aged ≥50 years. Objective To analyse the cost-effectiveness of 2 HCC screening methods in the Alaska Native (AN) health system: US-alone, or screening by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) initially and switching to US for subsequent screenings if AFP >10 ng/mL (AFP→US). Design A spreadsheet-based model was developed for accounting the costs of 2 hypothetical HCC screening methods. We used epidemiologic data from a cohort of 839 AN persons with CHB who were offered HCC screening by AFP/US semi-annually during 1983–2012. We assumed that compared with AFP→US, US-alone identifies 33% more tumours at an early stage (defined as a single tumour ≤5 cm or ≤3 tumours ≤3 cm in diameter). Years of life gained (YLG) attributed to screening was estimated by comparing additional years of survival among persons with early- compared with late-stage tumours. Screening costs were calculated using Medicare reimbursement rates in 2012. Future screening costs and YLG were projected over a 30-year time horizon using a 3% discount rate. Results The total cost of screening for the cohort by AFP→US would have been approximately $357,000 ($36,000/early-stage tumour detected) compared to $814,000 ($59,000/early-stage tumour detected) by US-alone. The AFP→US method would have yielded an additional 27.8 YLG ($13,000/YLG) compared with 38.9 YLG ($21,000/YLG) for US-alone. Screening by US-alone would incur an additional $114,000 per extra early-tumour detected compared with AFP→US and $41,000 per extra YLG. Conclusions Although US-alone HCC screening might have yielded more YLG than AFP→US, the reduced costs of the AFP→US method could expand access to HCC screening in resource constrained settings.
A Multimodal Approach to Incremental User Profile Building

The World Wide Web is the largest distributed information source which is accessed by billions of people all across the world. A unique content so urce on the web can be accessed byvarious users for different purposes. Hence it becomes mandatory tocapture specific information requirements of each user. This paper proposes a multimodal approach to build profile of users in a n incremental manner. The approach proposed in this paper achieves the goal of building user profiles using a hybrid approach. The profile building process is further enriched with the incorporation of web page segmentation technique involving page trees and densitometry. The proposed model extracts the requirement context of the user by utilizing both local and global sources during the profile building process.The experiments conducted on the proposed model confirm the effectiveness of the approach and highlights the channels wh ich carries an edge over others in capturing the user interest.
POST-WIMP INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS: MODELING VISUAL AND HAPTIC INTERACTION

Post Wimp Interactive Systems are end-user oriented systems characterized by new modalities of interaction. The new interaction modalities, based for example on gesture or speech for input and output, make available a stream of multimodal events to the user and to the system. Users and system must recognize patterns of interest in the stream of events and interpret them to achieve the goals of the interactive task. The goal of a successful design is to bring the system semantics to reflect the user’s one, so that each event occurring during the interaction is properly understood by the user and adequately managed by the computer. This report describes some initial steps toward this goal.
Measuring Trachomatous Inflammation-Intense (TI) When Prevalence Is Low Provides Data on Infection With Chlamydia trachomatis

Purpose Clinical trachoma is the current measure of effectiveness of antibiotic and environmental improvements in trachoma endemic communities. Impact assessments measure only trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF). Trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) is not used for decisions on stopping mass drug administration (MDA) or achieving intervention goals. We tested the supposition that TI was not associated with Chlamydia trachomatis when disease prevalence is low. Methods In 35 communities undergoing MDA as part of a larger project, 110 children ages 1 to 9 years were randomly selected in each community for surveys at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Both eyelids were graded for TF and TI, and a swab for detection of C. trachomatis infection was taken. Results Overall TF prevalence was 5% at baseline. Cases of TI alone constituted 15% of trachoma; 37% of TI cases had infection. At 6 and 12 months, the proportion of trachoma cases that had TI only was 13% and 20%; infection rates were similar to the rates in cases with TF alone. Conclusions Despite low prevalence of trachoma, infection rates for TF alone and TI alone were similar at each time point. The exclusion of cases of TI alone when reporting trachoma prevalence discards additional information on infection. Trachomatous inflammation-intense could be considered as part of impact surveys.
Design and Implementation of a Multidimensional Zoomable Electronic Catalog

Consumers select products based on a combination of decision criteria and preferences, such as price, quality, appearance, origin, and popularity. However, current interfaces for electronic catalogs do not adequately support the multi-criteria searching, browsing, and comparison tasks typical of consumer "bargain hunting" behavior. This paper presents the design and implementation of a visual interface for a large electronic catalog that represents products as a collection of images in a compact, zoomable, multidimensional grid. At the overview level, the spatial dimensions represent the price and quality tradeoffs that typically guide buying behavior. As a user zooms into regions of interest, the spatial dimensions are overloaded to represent additional decision criteria, such as product category and ratings. An empirical evaluation found that users preferred this new visual interface to a traditional tabular interface on measures of confidence, usability, and satisfaction, especially for multi-criteria comparison tasks.
Preserving electronic publications

Scientific journals are more and more published electronically. Gradually the amount of e-books increases and on Internet a vast amount of digital information is being published. Electronic publishing offers major opportunities for dissemination and for access but at the same time imposes new challenges on national libraries and other deposit institutes in charge of preserving countries' cultural heritage. The challenges that have to be addressed are preservation of the electronic publications.In the past years national libraries have taken the lead in developing practical solutions for digital preservation. Together with IBM both the Koninklijke Bibliotheek - national library of the Netherlands - and the British Library - national library of England - are developing an OAIS compliant deposit system. The system of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek will be operational at the end of 2002 and will be the core of the Electronic Deposit of the Netherlands.As a deposit system could not be bought of the shelf, the approach chosen was to team up with a major ICT partner and jointly develop the deposit system. Parallel with the development of the deposit system, the aspects of long-term access were investigated. A proof of concept was done by IBM with 'data preservation' using a Universal Virtual Computer (UVC). The Koninklijke Bibliotheek and IBM jointly will soon publish a series of reports on the long-term preservation aspects of a deposit system.
Using linked open data to bootstrap corporate knowledge management in the OrganiK project

Tagging has become a wide-spread tool for organising content, from photos and music, to research paper and data-visualisations. Organising tags in a taxonomy adds hierarchical structure and relationships, this can be helpful, both for finding and applying tags to new content, as well as for enabling query expansion when searching. However, taxonomies can be very time-consuming to create and maintain. If a hierarchical taxonomy could be automatically built and adapted to a particular domain, the entry cost for using taxonomies for structuring information would go down. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) do not currently have sufficient resources to invest in Enterprise 2.0 technologies like taxonomies, wikis or blogging as the entry cost it too high. The OrganiK project aims to make Enterprise 2.0 features available with low entry- and maintenance costs. In this paper, an algorithm and methodology to automatically create and maintain taxonomies is presented. It analyses enterprise document corpora and uses background information from domain-specific data sources or from the Linked Open Data cloud to improve and contextualise the created SKOS taxonomy. Content created in a Drupal-based Enterprise 2.0 content management system is automatically categorised, and the automatically created taxonomy is extended when needed. The system has been tested with corpora of medical abstracts, computer science papers, and the Enron email collection, and is in productive use.
Distributed resonant clock grid synthesis (ROCKS)

Clock distribution networks can consume 35–70% of total chip power in high-performance designs [13]. Resonant clocks can potentially reduce this power by recycling the energy using on-chip inductors. We propose the first automated Resonant clOCK Synthesis (ROCKS) algorithm. Experimental results show that with 10% inductor area, clock power can be reduced by 34%. With more inductor area, up to 90% power savings is shown feasible.
Generating realistic images from hydrothermal plume data

Most data used in the study of seafloor hydrothermal plumes consists of sonar (acoustic) scans and sensor readings. Visual data captures only a portion of the sonar data range due to the prohibitive cost and physical infeasibility of taking sufficient lighting and video equipment to such extreme depths. However, visual images are available from research dives and from the recent IMAX movie, volcanoes of the deep sea. In this application paper, we apply existing lighting models with forward scattering and light attenuation to the 3D sonar data in order to mimic the visual images available. These generated images are compared to existing visual images. This can help the geoscientists understand the relationship between these different data modalities and elucidate some of the mechanisms used to capture the data.
MANY-PROCESSORS & KLEENE ’ S MODEL

Conform [1], [2] numim multi-processors sistemele cu mai mult de un processor, în timp ce termenul de many-processors este folosit pentru sistemele cu un număr foarte mare de procesoare. Fundamentarea teoretică pentru cele două tipuri de maşini este diferită şi semnificativă pentru înţelegerea evoluţiei ştiinţei calculului în era paralelismului emergent. În timp ce multi-processor-ul este o construcţie fundamentată pe modelul lui Turing, many-processor-ul cere un context conceptual diferit. Propunem drept cadru conceptual pentru many-processor modelul lui Kleene. Exemplificăm abordarea de tip many-processor prin arhitectura cipului BA1024 un SoC complet programabil.
A stochastic Monte Carlo approach to model real star cluster evolution - II. Self-consistent models and primordial binaries

ABSTRA C T The new approach outlined in Paper I to follow the individual formation and evolution of binaries in an evolving, equal point-mass star cluster is extended for the self-consistent treatment of relaxation and close three- and four-body encounters for many binaries (typically a few per cent of the initial number of stars in the cluster mass). The distribution of single stars is treated as a conducting gas sphere with a standard anisotropic gaseous model. A Monte Carlo technique is used to model the motion of binaries, their formation and subsequent hardening by close encounters, and their relaxation (dynamical friction) with single stars and other binaries. The results are a further approach towards a realistic model of globular clusters with primordial binaries without using special hardware. We present, as our main result, the self-consistent evolution of a cluster consisting of 300 000 equal point-mass stars, plus 30 000 equal-mass binaries over several hundred half-mass relaxation times, well into the phase where most of the binaries have been dissolved and evacuated from the core. The cluster evolution is about three times slower than found by Gao et al. Other features are rather comparable. At every moment we are able to show the individual distribution of binaries in the cluster.
The Leviathan Field Triggering a Maritime Border Dispute Cyprus, Israel, and Lebanon†

ABSTRACT The discovery of the Leviathan field on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean has triggered a maritime dispute between Lebanon, Israel, and Cyprus. The aim of this paper is to construct the maritime borders based on the Law of the Seas Convention and previous rules by the International Court of Justice. Equidistant lines and the concept of equity will be applied to the method of drawing the maritime borders. In addition, theories of conflict resolution will be utilized in order to manage the natural resources between the three states.
A greedy approximation algorithm for the uniform metric labeling problem analyzed by a primal-dual technique

We consider the uniform metric labeling problem. This NP-hard problem considers how to assign objects to labels respecting assignment and separation costs. The known approximation algorithms are based on solutions of large linear programs and are impractical for moderate- and large-size instances. We present an 8log n-approximation algorithm that can be applied to large-size instances. The algorithm is greedy and is analyzed by a primal-dual technique. We implemented the presented algorithm and two known approximation algorithms and compared them at randomized instances. The gain of time was considerable with small error ratios. We also show that the analysis is tight, up to a constant factor.
Legal Expert Systems as Simulation Tools

In the paper the utilisation of legal expert systems for simulation is presented. Law in a general form prescribes the frame of possible behaviour of players in the domain regulated by it. A law can be considered as a set of rules forming a knowledge base and problems arising in the domain of its application should be answered based on it. In the last six years we developed a method to transform rules of law as it is published in statute--books into working expert systems. On the other hand simulation is the use of models to predict behaviour of existing or planned real system. If we consider the law as a model of the reality it is regulating, the corresponding expert system could be considered as the implemented version of this model on computers. Now by the use of these expert systems we can perform simulation. This simulation means the examination of the possible behaviour of the players which in some cases can be quantified by the use of statistical data. The method presented is particularly useful when one is framing new laws and wants to see the possible effects of the different proposed versions. Our method is mainly applicable for tax law, social security law, Finances Act or similar laws.
Effects of Simulated Interventions to Improve School Entry Academic Skills on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Educational Achievement

Randomized controlled trial evidence shows that interventions before age 5 can improve skills necessary for educational success; the effect of these interventions on socioeconomic inequalities is unknown. Using trial effect estimates, and marginal structural models with data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 11,764, imputed), simulated effects of plausible interventions to improve school entry academic skills on socioeconomic inequality in educational achievement at age 16 were examined. Progressive universal interventions (i.e., more intense intervention for those with greater need) to improve school entry academic skills could raise population levels of educational achievement by 5% and reduce absolute socioeconomic inequality in poor educational achievement by 15%.
Glycoprotein D-Independent Spread of Pseudorabies Virus Infection in Cultured Peripheral Nervous System Neurons in a Compartmented System

ABSTRACT The molecular mechanisms underlying the directional neuron-to-epithelial cell transport of herpesvirus particles during infection are poorly understood. To study the role of the viral glycoprotein D (gD) in the directional spread of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection, a culture system consisting of sympathetic neurons or epithelial cells in different compartments was employed. We discovered that PRV infection could spread efficiently from neurons to cells and back to neurons in the absence of gD, the viral ligand required for entry of extracellular particles. Unexpectedly, PRV infection can also spread transneuronally via axo-axonal contacts. We show that this form of interaxonal spread between neurons is gD independent and is not mediated by extracellular virions. We also found that unlike PRV gD, HSV-1 gD is required for neuron-to-cell spread of infection. Neither of the host cell gD receptors (HVEM and nectin-1) is required in target primary fibroblasts for neuron-to-cell spread of HSV-1 or PRV infection.
Unpacking Security Policy Compliance: The Motivators and Barriers of Employees' Security Behaviors

The body of research that focuses on employees’ information Security Policy compliance is problematic as it treats compliance as a single behavior. This study explored the underlying behavioral context of information security in the workplace, exploring how individual and organizational factors influence the interplay of the motivations and barriers of security behaviors. Investigating factors that had previously been explored in security research, 20 employees from two organizations were interviewed and the data was analyzed using framework analysis. The analysis indicated that there were seven themes pertinent to information security: Response Evaluation, Threat Evaluation, Knowledge, Experience, Security Responsibility, Personal and Work Boundaries, and Security Behavior. The findings suggest that these differ by security behavior and by the nature of the behavior (e.g. on- and offline). Conclusions are discussed highlighting barriers to security actions and implications for future research and workplace practice.
A Case for a Global Information Network

This paper argues for the adoption of a information centric system model instead of the current service-oriented one. We present an architecture for a global information storage and dissemination network which provides for efficient interaction and coordination among autonomous actors through a shared information space. We believe that the resulting, loosely coupled systems, while probabilistic in nature, will lead to robust outcomes at large scales.