Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LINGJIATAN SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IN THE YUXI VALLEY, CHINA: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

The Lingjiatan site with a plethora of exquisite jades and public works in the Yuxi River valley of Anhui, China has been suggested as a ritual and ceremonial center of the middle Neolithic (c. 7000-5000 BP) Chaohu region. Based on an extremely fine-grained regional-scale complete-coverage survey covering an area of 400 km2 revolving around the Lingjiatan site, this dissertation documents patterns of social organization in this region from the middle Neolithic to historical Zhou (c. 5700-2500 BP). More specifically, this research reconstructs the trajectory of social changes and the nature and population of communities at local and supra-local scales, and examines the social differentiation in the Lingjiatan households and communities. Building on these analyses, this dissertation research also compares Lingjiatan with Hongshan society, another visible example of “jade culture” in middle Neolithic China, to explore the factors leading to variations or similarities of the trajectories and activities in the formation of larger-scale and more complex societies. Comparative analysis focuses on different dimensions of social complexity, including ceremonial architecture complexes, developmental trajectories, demographic scale, and nature and organization of activities in local and supra-local communities. Results of this analysis indicate that rather than focusing on larger-scale political integration, economic power and wealth differentiation, elites of both societies accomplished their domination through ritual authority. The Lingjiatan society in the Yuxi region and Hongshan society in the Upper Daling region showed a very similar pathway to develop larger-scale complex societies. Both regions were characterized by ceremonial structures and elaborate burials with symbolic jade artifacts. Both regions emerged in a context of substantial population growth and were on the same track toward demographic growth and formation of supra-local communities. Both regions were characterized by numerous, relatively autonomous supra-local communities and lacked political integration at the larger regional scale. Both regions organized their community activities around strong ritual differentiation and modest prestige differentiation.
Simultaneous stabilization of global temperature and precipitation through cocktail geoengineering

Solar geoengineering has been proposed as a backup plan to offset some aspects of anthropogenic climate change if timely CO2 emission reductions fail to materialize. Modeling studies have shown that there are trade‐offs between changes in temperature and hydrological cycle in response to solar geoengineering. Here we investigate the possibility of stabilizing both global mean temperature and precipitation simultaneously by combining two geoengineering approaches: stratospheric sulfate aerosol increase (SAI) that deflects sunlight to space and cirrus cloud thinning (CCT) that enables more longwave radiation to escape to space. Using the slab ocean configuration of National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model, we simulate SAI by uniformly adding sulfate aerosol in the upper stratosphere and CCT by uniformly increasing cirrus cloud ice particle falling speed. Under an idealized warming scenario of abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric CO2, we show that by combining appropriate amounts of SAI and CCT geoengineering, global mean (or land mean) temperature and precipitation can be restored simultaneously to preindustrial levels. However, compared to SAI, cocktail geoengineering by mixing SAI and CCT does not markedly improve the overall similarity between geoengineered climate and preindustrial climate on regional scales. Some optimal spatially nonuniform mixture of SAI with CCT might have the potential to better mitigate climate change at both the global and regional scales.
Design of Enhancement Mode β-Ga₂O₃ Vertical Current Aperture MOSFETs With a Trench Gate

In this article, enhancement-mode (E-mode) operation is achieved by employing a trench gate on the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 current aperture vertical MOSFETs via Sentaurus TCAD simulation. The performance of the trench gate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 MOSFETs was investigated with different structure parameters, such as trench gate depth, channel doping concentration, and drift layer doping concentration and thickness. The transistor with a trench gate recess (Gr) of 130 nm obtained a high on/off current ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, an on-current density of 65 A/cm2, a low specific on-resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\mathrm {on,sp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 42.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2, and a breakdown voltage (BV) of 488 V for an E-mode operation. With the thickness of the drift layer increasing to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9.2 \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, BV is improved to 721 V, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\mathrm {on,sp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> keeps a low value of 43.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2 due to the trench gate structure, and the transfer characteristic maintains the same. The thermal characteristics of the proposed MOSFET were studied and the device stability with high temperature was analyzed. The transistor with Gr = 130 nm can keep working in E-mode operation at T = 500 K. The performance of the transistor exhibits its great potential as a high-voltage switch device for power electronic applications.
Exercise leukocytosis with and without beta-adrenergic blockade.

Exercise leukocytosis during standardized work has been demonstrated in eight male healthy test subjects. Mostly the leukocytosis was due to an increase in segmented neutrophils, to a minor degree an increase in lymphocytes. After propranolol (Inderalr) administration exercise results in practically no increase in neutrophil leukocytes or in lymphocytes. Exercise leukocytosis is concluded—at least partly—to be mediated by a beta-receptor mechanism.
Enhanced Protein Fold Prediction Method Through a Novel Feature Extraction Technique

Information of protein 3-dimensional (3D) structures plays an essential role in molecular biology, cell biology, biomedicine, and drug design. Protein fold prediction is considered as an immediate step for deciphering the protein 3D structures. Therefore, protein fold prediction is one of fundamental problems in structural bioinformatics. Recently, numerous taxonomic methods have been developed for protein fold prediction. Unfortunately, the overall prediction accuracies achieved by existing taxonomic methods are not satisfactory although much progress has been made. To address this problem, we propose a novel taxonomic method, called PFPA, which is featured by combining a novel feature set through an ensemble classifier. Particularly, the sequential evolution information from the profiles of PSI-BLAST and the local and global secondary structure information from the profiles of PSI-PRED are combined to construct a comprehensive feature set. Experimental results demonstrate that PFPA outperforms the state-of-the-art predictors. To be specific, when tested on the independent testing set of a benchmark dataset, PFPA achieves an overall accuracy of 73.6%, which is the leading accuracy ever reported. Moreover, PFPA performs well without significant performance degradation on three updated large-scale datasets, indicating the robustness and generalization of PFPA. Currently, a webserver that implements PFPA is freely available on http://121.192. 180.204:8080/PFPA/Index.html.
An interference alignment scheme for sum rate enhancement in multi-cell communication systems

In this paper, maximum rate interference alignment (MR-IA) algorithm is proposed for multi-cell downlink interference systems. Based on the researches on distributed interference alignment (IA) algorithms, the proposed algorithm can further enhance the sum rate. In this scheme, the precoding matrices are optimized by searching precoding alone the gradient ascent direction of throughput. In this process, the step length is decreased with multiplying a parameter smaller than 1, which leads to the degradation to rank constrained rank minimization interference alignment (RCRM-IA) algorithm. Thus, the algorithm can attain interference alignment as well as the throughput improvement eventually. Simulation examples are provided showing that the proposed algorithm can enhance the sum rate obviously compared with the conventional algorithms.
Uses of Microorganisms in The Recovery of Oil and Gas

Microscopic organisms are the only single-celled organisms proposed for the advancement of techniques for Estimation of Oil Recovery (EOR) because they have numerous desirable properties, including a simple structure and an unsustainable growth rate when supplied with vital nutrients, resulting in the release of metabolic chemicals like Aerosols, acids, minimum lubricants, surfactants, and polymers. Clostridium acetobutylicum was isolated from intensive rice cultivation soil and has the ability to use polysaccharides such as starch and carboxylmethyl cellulose to produce biobutanol, while Desulfovibrio hydrocarbonoclasticus was isolated from marine sediment in Iraq and grows in anaerobic synthetic seawater medium with the addition of a trace element solution. These bacteria can also withstand difficult conditions High salinity, high pressure, and high temperature play roles and contribute to underground geological formations. An aqueous mixture of nutrients, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Desulfovibrio hydrocarbonoclasticus, and molasses with nutrient and bacterial spore injection into a reservoir. As a result, these microorganisms are capable of considerable catalytic reactions. production of a diverse spectrum of products (biosolvents, bioacids, biogases, and biosurfactants) from relatively simple nutritional compounds, multiply vigorously under favourable conditions, and have resulted in increased oil release from reservoir rock. The well began producing 70 days after the medication was started. 80 to 90 days after the injection began, relatively brief polyunsaturated fats, Carbon dioxide, and residues of ethanol, 1-butanol, and acetone were detected. Because of their highly resistant endospores, Clostridium are the most ideal of the several microbes used in MEOR (Microbial enhanced oil recovery). Desulfovibrio strains capable of producing biosurfactants in situ, which are beneficial to the MEOR process, are also valuable. Nutrients are often supplied as fermentable carbs to promote microbial metabolism.
Contribution of the glycolytic flux and hypoxia adaptation to efficient biofilm formation by Candida albicans

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans forms therapeutically challenging biofilms on biomedical implants. Using a transcript profiling approach genes whose expression is favoured upon biofilm growth compared with planktonic growth have been previously identified. Knock‐out mutants for 38 of these genes were constructed, six of which showed a specific defect in biofilm formation. Among these genes, TYE7 that encodes a transcriptional activator of glycolytic genes in planktonic and biofilm growth conditions was identified as being required for the cohesiveness of biofilms. Biofilms formed by the tye7Δ knock‐out mutant showed a hyperfilamentous morphology, and growth of this mutant on solid medium under hypoxia was also associated with the production of hyphae. Similar to TYE7 inactivation, inhibition of glycolysis or ATP synthesis using oxalate or an uncoupler, respectively, triggered morphogenesis when a wild‐type strain was grown under hypoxia. These treatments also induced the formation of weakly cohesive, hyper‐filamentous biofilms by a wild‐type strain. Our data indicate that a hypoxic environment is generated within C. albicans biofilms and that continued biofilm development requires a Tye7p‐dependent upregulation of glycolytic genes necessary to adapt to hypoxia and prevent uncontrolled hyphal formation. Thus, adaptation to hypoxia is an integral component of biofilm formation in C. albicans.
Complementary genes controlling immune response to theta-AKR antigen in mice.

The primary response of mice to ϑ-AKR antigen was measured by means of plaque assay detecting cells producing antibodies lytic for AKR thymocytes (PFC). It was found that 3 of 12 different F1 hybrids produced significantly more PFC than either parental strain. In segregating populations of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, H-2 homozygotes responded like parental mice, whereas most but not all H-2 heterozygotes responded like F1 hybrids. In the F2 population 7% and in the backcross population to C57BL/6J parent 20% of H-2 heterozygotes responded like parental mice. On the basis of experimental data, a hypothesis was advanced that thre eloci in the IXth linkage group are involved in genetic control of the response to ϑ-AKR antigen. Each locus has at least two alleles, one dominant and one recessive. Dominant alleles complement each other which explains why the response to certain F1 hybrids is higher than the response of their parents. Two of three hypothetical loci are closely linked to each other as well as to the H-2 complex and might be considered components of the Ir-1 system.
Classifying Seizures and Epilepsy: A Synopsis

Seizures can have a number of clinical presentations. Epilepsy, the condition of recurrent unprovoked seizure, can also be categorized in a variety of ways and is associated with several conditions. Seizures and the epilepsies are classified most commonly by a system devised by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) that employs clinical, electroencephalographic, and imaging data. The system has two broad divisions: focal and generalized for seizures and localization related and generalized for the epilepsies. This article surveys all seizure and epilepsy types according to the ILAE scheme. Limitations of the current categorization are discussed, and a recent new proposal for classifying seizures and epilepsy is demonstrated.
Stability of Fecal Microbiota during Degradation in Ex Situ Cheetahs in the US

Objective: Gut health and its relationship to gut microbiota is an important consideration in the care and well-being of managed endangered species, such as the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Non-invasive fecal sampling as a proxy for gut microbiota is preferred and collecting fresh fecals is the current gold standard. Unfortunately, even in managed facilities, collecting fresh samples from difficult to observe or dangerous animals is challenging. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the terminal collection timepoint for fecal microbial studies in the cheetah. Methods: We longitudinally sampled eight freshly deposited fecals every 24 hours for five days and assessed bacterial relative abundance, diversity, and composition changes over time. Results: Our data indicated that fecal samples up to 24 hours post-defecation provided accurate representations of the fresh fecal microbiome. After 24 hours, major changes in community composition began to occur. By 72 hours, individual cheetah fecal microbiota signatures were lost. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cheetah fecal samples should be collected within 24 hours of defecation in humid environments, especially if precipitation occurs, in order to provide a more biologically accurate representation of the gut microbiome, and we provide visual characteristics that can aid researchers in approximating time since defecation. Significance: These data provide guidelines for researchers investigating cheetah and other large felids and carnivores where the ability to collect fresh fecal deposits is limited.
Associations between PM2.5 and Heart Rate Variability Are Modified by Particle Composition and Beta-Blocker Use in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Background It has been hypothesized that ambient particulate air pollution is able to modify the autonomic nervous control of the heart, measured as heart rate variability (HRV). Previously we reported heterogeneous associations between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and HRV across three study centers. Objectives We evaluated whether exposure misclassification, effect modification by medication, or differences in particle composition could explain the inconsistencies. Methods Subjects with coronary heart disease visited clinics biweekly in Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Erfurt, Germany; and Helsinki, Finland for 6–8 months. The standard deviation (SD) of NN intervals on an electrocardiogram (ECG; SDNN) and high frequency (HF) power of HRV was measured with ambulatory ECG during paced breathing. Outdoor levels of PM2.5 were measured at a central site. In Amsterdam and Helsinki, indoor and personal PM2.5 were measured during the 24 hr preceding the clinic visit. PM2.5 was apportioned between sources using principal component analyses. We analyzed associations of indoor/personal PM2.5, elements of PM2.5, and source-specific PM2.5 with HRV using linear regression. Results Indoor and personal PM2.5 were not associated with HRV. Increased outdoor PM2.5 was associated with decreased SDNN and HF at lags of 2 and 3 days only among persons not using beta-blocker medication. Traffic-related PM2.5 was associated with decreased SDNN, and long-range transported PM2.5 with decreased SDNN and HF, most strongly among persons not using beta blockers. Indicators for PM2.5 from traffic and long-range transport were also associated with decreased HRV. Conclusions Our results suggest that differences in the composition of particles, beta-blocker use, and obesity of study subjects may explain some inconsistencies among previous studies on HRV.
The effect of stimulation of the atrial receptors on plasma renin activity in the dog.

1. To determine whether stimulation of atrial receptors reflexly results in a consistent change in plasma renin activity experiments were performed in dogs anaesthetized with alpha‐chloralose. Either a large balloon in the lumen of the left atrium or small balloons positioned at the upper and middle pulmonary vein‐atrial junctions and atrial appendage were distended. Plasma samples obtained from these dogs during control periods and during periods of stimulation were assayed for plasma renin activity. 2. In the first series of experiments, stimulation of left atrial receptors by either large or small balloon distension was shown to result in an increase in urine flow and a decrease in plasma renin activity. 3. In a second series of experiments, cooling of the cervical vagosympathetic nerve trunks abolished the response of an increase to balloon distension in urine flow and decrease in plasma renin activity. 4. It was shown that a decrease in plasma renin activity resulted in response to stimulation of atrial receptors, and that this decrease is reflex in nature and is likely to involve only atrial receptors discharging into myelinated vagal fibres.
Kinodynamic motion planning with Space-Time Exploration Guided Heuristic Search for car-like robots in dynamic environments

The Space Exploration Guided Heuristic Search (SEHS) method solves the motion planning problem, especially for car-like robots, in two steps: a circle-based space exploration in the workspace followed by a circle-guided heuristic search in the configuration space. This paper extends this approach for kinodynamic planning in dynamic environments by performing the exploration in both space and time domains. Thus, a time-dependent heuristic is constructed to guide the search algorithm applying a kinodynamic vehicle model. Furthermore, the search step-size and state resolution are adapted incrementally to guarantee resolution completeness with a trade-off for efficiency. The performance of Space-Time Exploration Guided Heuristic Search (STEHS) approach is verified in two scenarios and compared with several search-based and sampling-based methods.
Efficient self-shadowed radiosity normal mapping

In Valve's Source graphics engine, bump mapping is combined with precomputed radiosity lighting to provide realistic surface illumination. When bump map data is derived from geometric descriptions of surface detail (such as height maps), only the lighting effects caused by the surface orientation are preserved. The significant lighting cues due to lighting occlusion by surface details are lost. While it is common to use another texture channel to hold an "ambient occlusion" field, this only provides a darkening effect which is independent of the direction from which the surface is being lit and requires an auxiliary channel of data. In this chapter, we present a modification to the Radiosity Normal Mapping system that we have described in this course in the past. This modification provides a directional occlusion function to the bump maps, which requires no additional texture memory and is faster than our previous non-shadowing solution.
RNA polymerase motor on DNA track: effects of interactions, external force and torque

RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a mobile molecular workshop that polymerizes a RNA molecule by adding monomeric subunits one by one, while moving step by step on the DNA template itself. Here we develop a theoretical model by incorporating the steric interactions of the RNAPs and their mechanochemical cycles which explicitly captures the cyclical shape changes of each motor. Using this model, we explain not only the dependence of the average velocity of a RNAP on the externally applied load force, but also predict a {\it nonmotonic} variation of the average velocity on external torque. We also show the effect of steric interactions of the motors on the total rate of RNA synthesis. In principle, our predictions can be tested by carrying out {\it in-vitro} experiments which we suggest here.
On the Degrees of Freedom of K-User SISO Interference and X Channels With Delayed CSIT

The K-user single-input single-output (SISO) additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) interference channel and 2×K SISO AWGN X channel are considered, where the transmitters have delayed channel state information (CSI) through noiseless feedback links. Multiphase transmission schemes are proposed for both channels which possess novel ingredients, namely, multiphase partial interference nulling, distributed interference management via user scheduling, and distributed higher order symbol generation. The achieved degree-of-freedom (DoF) values are greater than the best previously known DoFs for both channels with delayed CSI at the transmitters.