Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extending Seventh-Order Dissipative Compact Scheme Satisfying Geometric Conservation Law to Large Eddy Simulation on Curvilinear Grids

Seventh-order hybrid cell-edge and cell-node dissipative compact scheme (HDCS-E8T7) is extended to a new implicit large eddy simulation named HILES on stretched and curvilinear meshes. Although the conception of HILES is similar to that of monotone integrated LES (MILES), i.e., truncation error of the discretization scheme itself is employed to model the effects of unresolved scales, HDCS-E8T7 is a new high-order finite difference scheme, which can eliminate the surface conservation law (SCL) errors and has inherent dissipation. The capability of HILES is tested by solving several benchmark cases. In the case of flow past a circular cylinder, the solutions of HILES fulfilling the SCL have good agreement with the corresponding experiment data, however, the flowfield is gradually contaminated when the SCL error is enlarged. With the help of fulling the SCL, ability of HILES for handling complex geometry has been enhanced. The numerical solutions of flow over delta wing demonstrate the potential of HILES in simulating turbulent flow on complex configuration.
Structural Consequences of Antigenic Variants of Human A/H3N2 Influenza Viruses

The genetic basis of antigenic drift of human A/H3N2 influenza virus is crucial to understanding the constraints of influenza evolution and determinants of vaccine escape. Amino acid changes at only seven positions near the receptor binding site of the surface hemagglutinin protein have been shown to be responsible for the major antigenic changes for over forty years. Experimental structures of HA are now available for the majority of the observed antigenic clusters of A/H3N2. An analysis of the HA structures of these viruses reveals the likely consequences of these mutations on the structure of HA and thus, provides a structural basis for the antigenic changes seen in human influenza viruses.
Dynamic Dual Boundary Element Analysis For 3-D Fracture Mechanics

In this paper the dual boundary integral equations for three dimensional dynamic problems by Laplace transform method and dual reciprocity method are presented. The applications of Laplace transforms to the time-dependent equations of elasticity and dual reciprocity method reduce the problem to a static one in Laplace space. The transformed mixed-mode stress intensity factors are calculated from the transformed displacement discontinuity near the crack tip. The dynamic stress intensity factors are determined by the crack opening displacement (COD) either in the transformed domain or in the time domain. The dynamic stress intensity factors in the time domain by Laplace transform method are obtained by the use of Durbin's inversion method. The accuracy of the two methods is assessed by solving the problem of an elliptical crack in a rectangular bar and a slant square crack in a rectangular bar.
Collusion governance strategies under the construction supervision system in China

Abstract The construction supervision system plays an essential role in promoting the development of Chinese construction industry. However, as the core of the supervision system, the supervisor may deviate from duty and collude with the contractor to seek more profits. This paper investigates optimal collusion governance strategies under the prevailing supervision system. This paper develops a game-theoretic framework including an owner, a supervisor and a contractor, wherein all players interact and pursue to maximize their self-profits. The collusion equilibrium and the collusion-proof equilibrium are explored. Since the game contains multiple rounds of strategic interactions, backward induction is applied to ensure subgame perfection. The results show that collusion makes the supervision system not always in the owner’s interests. For projects recommended to implement the supervision system, the boundary condition for the owner applying the supervision system is derived. For projects required mandatory supervision, the owner prefers to let the contractor and supervisor collude under certain conditions and guard against collusive behaviours otherwise. This study contributes to the theory by exploring the effects of covert collusion and optimal governance strategies. In addition, this study can assist the owner in better understanding and managing agent collusion to safeguard the project quality.
Diagnostic Performance of Different Laboratory Methods for the Detection of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Accurate and appropriate extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) diagnosis remains challenging due to its paucibacillary nature, requirement of invasive collection procedures, and lack of sensitive tests. This study investigated the diagnostic performance of different methods for the diagnosis of EPTB. A total of 1340 EPTB specimens were collected from presumptive EPTB patients from four different hospitals between November 2015 and March 2017. The collected specimens were tested with AFB microscopy, culture, Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert), and MTBDRplus assay. Among the 1340 EPTB specimens, 49 (3.66%), 141 (10.52%), 166 (12.39%), and 154 (11.49%) were positive in AFB microscopy, culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, and MTBDRplus assay, respectively. A total of 194 (14.9%) cases were found positive in at least one of these methods. Using culture as a reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of AFB microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF, and MTBDRplus assay were: 27.0%/99.1%, 83.7%/96.0%, and 79.4%/96.5%, respectively. Compared to the composite reference standard, the sensitivity of culture, AFB microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF, and MTBDRplus assay was 72.7%, 25.3%, 85.6%, and 79.4%, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for all the methods. The Xpert MTB/RIF assay showed the highest sensitivity compared to other methods. Considering the short turnaround time and promising findings, Xpert MTB/RIF assay should be integrated into national TB guidelines as a routine diagnostic test.
Transforming Trauma through an Arts Festival: A Psychosocial Case Study

Through a psychosocial lens, informed by relational psychoanalysis, this article discusses the design, delivery, and impact of The Big Anxiety’s 2022 festival in Warwick, Queensland—an arts-based program that engages with lived experiences of trauma, distress, and suicide, and in this case with the devastating impact of youth suicide, disproportionately affecting First Nations communities. It describes the festival’s methods of creative engagement, examining how these create conditions for the transformation of trauma and for experiences of growth.
Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer

Background: Various factors can affect the survival of patients with laryngeal cancer (LC). In this retrospective study, we assessed clinicopathological features, their prognostic value, and treatment modalities for patients with confirmed squamous cell LC. Methods: We collected patient data on demographics, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional control (LRC). We assessed survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model analyses of potential prognostic parameters. Results: After a median follow-up of 76 months, 28 (33.3%) patients had a recurrence. The median OS was 78 months, with an event recorded in 50% of patients. The DSS median was not reached (NR) with a survival rate of 72.6%, the DFS survival rate was 66.7% with median NR, and the LRC survival rate was 72.6% with median NR. After conducting a multivariate analysis of significant variables, we found that only recurrence and lymphatic invasion had an independent effect on OS and recurrence in DSS, while subsite impacted DFS and LRC. Conclusions: Survival trends were consistent with other studies, except for OS. Recurrence, lymphatic invasion, and subsite location were significant factors that impacted patient survival.
Low-Light Enhancement Method Based on a Retinex Model for Structure Preservation

Enhancing low-light image visibility is a critical task in computer vision since it helps to improve input for high-level algorithms. High-quality images typically have clear structural information. In previous studies, due to the lack of proper structural guidance, restored images had some problems, such as unclear structural areas and overexposed or underexposed local areas. To address the above problems, in this paper, we introduce a coefficient of variation (COV) with excellent performance in maintaining structural information, and then we propose a low-light image enhancement method that utilizes the COV to extract structural information from images. First, we apply a traditional retinex model to estimate both reflectance and illumination. Second, we use the COV to indicate the degree of dispersion of the input sample, which enables us to obtain a robust structure-distinguishing weight map for low-light images. The weight map is adaptively divided to obtain a structural weight map, which is then used to enhance the gradient image. This process is applied before the reflectance layer of the retinex model. Finally, the result is obtained by using the block coordinate descent method. According to extensive experiments, outstanding results can be achieved by our proposed method in terms of both subjective and objective evaluation metrics in comparison with other state-of-the-art methods. The source code is available at our website.
Erratum: Numerical estimation of the relative entropy of entanglement [Phys. Rev. A 82 , 052336 (2010)]

It has come to the attention of the authors that the MATLAB code1 provided in the original paper does not work as stated. Although the code presented in the original paper was only intended to act as a guide that other researchers might follow for writing their own codes, for the sake of completeness, the present Erratum presents a fully functional code for correctly estimating the relative entropy of entanglement (REE). The original code relies on SEDUMI [1] as its internal solver for semidefinite programming. Although the code was intended to be used with SEDUMI version 1.1R3, this version is no longer available on the SEDUMI web site. Unfortunately, newer versions of SEDUMI (after version 1.1R3) that are available do not correctly handle Hermitian matrices and complex variables. As a result of this bug, the code in the original paper only works properly for input matrices whose entries are real valued. To correct these shortcomings, the code for numerical estimation of the REE has been revised to implement the algorithm using CVX [2] (a MATLAB-based modeling system for convex optimization) instead of SEDUMI. The new MATLAB code may be found in Ref. [3]. Other modifications have been made to the code that make it easier to understand. In particular, CVX allows one to more easily define the positive partial transpose (PPT) constraint when setting up a semidefinite program. The requirement X 0 may be given directly as a constraint, rather than manually defining the semidefinite cone to include only matrices that are positive under partial transpose as is performed in the original paper. The PartialTranspose routine [4] from QETLAB [5] is necessary for the code presented here. It must be shown that the present code does, in fact, correctly compute the REE of input density matrices. One way to check the validity of the numerical estimates is to compare the computed value of the REE to the negativity, another well-known entanglement monotone. This is defined as N (ρ) = Tr |ρ | − 1 2 .
Revisiting the cycle-rotation connection for late-type stars

We analyse the relation between the activity cycle length and the Rossby number and collected a sample of 44 main sequence stars with well-known activity cycle periods and rotation periods. We find a linear behaviour in the double-logarithmic relation between the Rossby number and cycle period. The bifurcation into a long and a short period branch is clearly real but it depends, empirically, on the colour index B-V, indicating a physical dependence on effective temperature and position on the main sequence. Furthermore, there is also a correlation between cycle length and convective turnover time with the relative depth of the convection zone. Based on this, we derive empirical relations between cycle period and Rossby number, and for the short period cycle branch relations, we estimate a scatter of the relative deviation between 14% and 28% on the long-period cycle branch. With these relations, we obtain a good match with the 10.3 yr period for the well known 11-year solar Schwabe cycle and a long-period branch value of 104 yr for the Gleissberg cycle of the Sun. Finally, we suggest that the cycles on the short-period branch appear to be generated in the deeper layers of the convective zone, while long-period branch cycles seem to be related to fewer deep layers in that zone. We show that for a broader B-V range, the Rossby number is a more suitable parameter for universal relation with cycle-rotation than just the rotation period alone. As proof, we demonstrate that our empirical stellar relations are consistent with the 11-year solar Schwabe cycle, in contrast to earlier studies using just the rotation period in their relations. Previous studies have tried to explain the cycle position of the Sun in the cycle-rotation presentation via other kinds of dynamo, however, in our study, no evidence is found that would suggest another type of dynamo for the Sun and other stars.
High-Gain Dual-Band Aperture-Shared CP Patch Antenna With Wide AR Beamwidth for Satellite Navigation System

This letter presents a compact dual-band, high-gain, light-weight, circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna with wide axial ratio (AR) beamwidth for multiple satellite communication, and positioning and navigation systems. The antenna consists of a main dual-frequency coplanar metal frame radiator, a circular metal capacity-loaded radiator, and some coaxial feeding probes. Due to the use of air dielectric, the maximum right-hand circularly polarized gain of the antenna is up to 6.2 dBic in the lower bands and 6.3 dBic in the upper bands. By utilization of dual-frequency coplanar patch and metal capacity-loaded technology, the dimensions of the aperture-shared CP antenna are only 0. 38λ × 0. 38λ × 0. 04λ. To increase the 3 dB AR beamwidth, a novel vertically grounded shorting sheet is introduced. The 3 dB AR beamwidth ranges from −120° to 100° at 1.227 GHz and from −90° to 95° at 1.575 GHz. As a result, the proposed antenna is an excellent candidate for high gain, wide AR beamwidth, and compact air dielectric antenna.
Length-dependent thermal conductivity of single extended polymer chains

The low thermal conductivity of polymers will be one of the major roadblocks for the polymerbased microelectronics and macroelectronics due to the limited heat spreading capability. Despite that the thermal conductivity of bulk polymers is usually low, a single extended polymer chain could have very high thermal conductivity. In this paper, we present atomistic simulation studies on the phonon transport in single extended polymer chains of various polymers as a function of polymer chain length. The thermal conductivity of single extended polymer chains can be 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than their bulk counterparts. The thermal conductivity of single extended polymer chains is a strong function of monomer type. For example, the thermal conductivity of the extended polymer chains with aromatic backbone can be up to 5 times as that of a polyethylene chain, while the thermal conductivity of the extended polymer chains with bond-strength or mass disorder can be only 1/25 as that of a polyethylene chain. We analyze the phonon transport mechanisms in single extended polymer chains of various polymers and find that the competition between ballistic phonon transport and diffusive phonon transport in a polymer chain leads to a diverging length-dependent thermal conductivity. PACS number(s): 63.22. -m, 65.40. -b, 66.70. Hk, 63.20. -e ♣ Email: Ronggui.Yang@Colorado.Edu 2
Testing for structural breaks in discrete choice models

A structural break refers to a shift in the parameters of the model of interest. When the conditional relationship between the dependent and explanatory variables contains a structural break, estimates of model coefficients will be inaccurate across different regimes. As such, estimations that do not account for structural breaks will be biased and inconsistent. Ever since the seminal work of Chow [1960], there have been numerous other tests proposed for detecting various forms of structural breaks in different contexts. Chow [1960] proposed an F-statistic to detect a single structural break with known location in the context of a linear model. One of the most commonly used tests is the Andrews [1993], which generalised Chow [1960] to the Sup Wald, LR, and LM tests for linear models when the position of the breakpoint is unknown. Other important contributions to the literature include Bai and Perron [1998] and Bai [1999], both of which constructed tests that detect multiple structural breaks in linear models. Studying the properties of such tests is particularly important because the theoretical distribution of most of the test statistics have only been identified asymptotically, but the same critical values are also used for smaller sample sizes in practice. Furthermore, the theoretical properties of the test statistics are usually established only under certain restrictions such asi:i:d: assumptions that may not hold in practice for various reasons. While present literature does include studies of structural break tests where the changepoint is unknown, such as Diebold and Chen [1996], and Bai and Perron [2004], these have mostly been restricted to linear regression models. To our knowledge, no study has been carried out thus far to evaluate the properties of any structural break test in the context of binary choice models, such as probit models, which will be the main contribution of this paper. This paper considers the size and power of the three Andrews [1993] Sup-type tests when applied to probit models with different levels of autocorrelation and varying sample sizes using a simulation-based approach similar to Diebold and Chen [1996], which tested the sizes of the tests in the linear regression model . We carry out the same procedure with a different data generating process, but also further the study by comparing the results in the linear model with that of a probit model. In addition, we also consider the power of the tests in both models, as well as a few different levels of data trimming. The main findings of this paper are that the shortcomings of the Andrews [1993] Sup-type tests in linear models are magnified in probit models. In particular, the tests exhibit greater size distortion, lower power, and become more imprecise in identifying the position of the structural break when the samples are small or when the errors are autocorrelated.
Small-Signal Analysis and Design of Constant On-Time Controlled Buck Converters With Duty-Cycle-Independent Quality Factors

This article presents a frequency-domain analysis that models the behavior of Constant-on-Time (COT)-controlled buck converters in wide-input–output-range scenarios. Based on this analysis, a design strategy is proposed to enable robust control with a duty-cycle-independent quality factor, also known as a constant <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula>-value. A constant <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula>-value circuit based on the proposed strategy is then constructed and incorporated with a baseline ultrafast transient COT control scheme to experimentally verify the system stability and optimal load transient response under wide input–output range scenarios. In addition, the design strategy is extended to other COT buck control schemes with simulation and calculation verifications.
Good vs bad returns spillover in regional energy markets

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the presence of spillover among the regional energy markets in Asia, Europe, North America, Pacific region, and South America from January 2, 1995 to May 27, 2021. We report heterogeneous results for spillover between the regional energy markets. Our work separately highlights the presence of negative and positive returns spillover across sampled energy markets. We also report a significant increase in spillover during different crisis periods, supporting the contagion phenomena. Finally, we also report the asymmetry in short- and long-run spillover and negative and positive returns during normal and crisis periods. Our results carry implications for investments in the regional energy markets under different market conditions and investment periods.
Adaptively varying-coeff icient spatiotemporal models

Summary. We propose an adaptive varying-coefficient spatiotemporal model for data that are observed irregularly over space and regularly in time. The model is capable of catching possible non-linearity (both in space and in time) and non-stationarity (in space) by allowing the autoregressive coefficients to vary with both spatial location and an unknown index variable. We suggest a two-step procedure to estimate both the coefficient functions and the index variable, which is readily implemented and can be computed even for large spatiotemporal data sets. Our theoretical results indicate that, in the presence of the so-called nugget effect, the errors in the estimation may be reduced via the spatial smoothing - the second step in the estimation procedure proposed. The simulation results reinforce this finding. As an illustration, we apply the methodology to a data set of sea level pressure in the North Sea.
Asymptotics of improved generalized moment estimators for spatial autoregressive error models

Abstract This article considers linear models with a spatial autoregressive error structure. Extending Arnold and Wied (2010), who develop an improved generalized method of moment (GMM) estimator for the parameters of the disturbance process to reduce the bias of existing estimation approaches, we establish the asymptotic normality of a new weighted version of this improved estimator and derive the efficient weighting matrix. We also show that this efficiently weighted GMM estimator is feasible as long as the regression matrix of the underlying linear model is non stochastic and illustrate the performance of the new estimator by a Monte Carlo simulation and an application to real data.