Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study of Sexual Communication and Negotiation among Young African American Women: Implications for HIV Prevention

Recent epidemiological studies indicate that African American female adolescents are at a markedly higher riskfor diagnoses with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) than their White female counterparts. Although epidemiologic data are informatve with respect to monitoring the course of the epidemic and quantifying the differential riskfor AIDSIHIV infection among young Afican American women in relation to other populations, they provide less insight into the influence of the diverse cultural, gender, andpsychosocial determinants ofHIV-associated risk behaviors. Afactor ofparticular importance is communication between sexual partners about condom use. Focus groups were conducted with African American women aged 18 to 25, to explore the process ofsexual communication and barriers toward sexual negotiation of condom use. HlVprevention programs tailored to African American women should emphasize training in sexual negotiation, conflict resolution, and refusal skills.
ADAPTIVE GAMETE-RECOGNITION DIVERGENCE IN A HYBRIDIZING Mytilus POPULATION

Abstract Gamete-recognition proteins often evolve rapidly, but it is not known if their divergence occurs within species and corresponds with the evolution of reproductive isolation, or if divergence typically accumulates between already isolated lineages. We examined the evolution of a candidate gamete-recognition protein in several sympatric and allopatric populations of Mytilus blue mussels, species that hybridize in nature. Within a single species, Mytilus galloprovincialis, we found adaptive divergence of Lysin-M7, a sperm acrosomal protein that dissolves the egg vitelline envelope during fertilization. Mytilus galloprovincialis Lysin-M7 alleles group into two distinct clades (termed G and GD), and individual alleles in these clades are separated from each other by at least three and up to eleven amino-acid substitutions. Maximum-likelihood estimates of selective pressure (dN/dS = ω) implicate selection in the divergence between M. galloprovincialis Lysin-M7 clades, and within the GD clade. Exact tests of population differentiation indicate that the relative frequency of G and GD Lysin-M7 alleles differs significantly among M. galloprovincialis populations. Compared with allopatric Mediterranean samples, Lysin-M7 alleles in the GD clade are found at elevated frequency in samples from the East Atlantic and California, areas of secondary contact and hybridization between Mytilus species, and Australia, an area of unknown species composition. Adaptive divergence between the alleles most common in allopatry and those found at elevated frequency in samples from sympatry suggests that selection pressures acting in hybridizing populations, likely following Pleistocene secondary contact with M. edulis in the East Atlantic, drove the divergence of Lysin-M7 in M. galloprovincialis.
The Relationship Between Schizophrenia and Cavum Septum Pellucidum: A Case Study

The relationship between schizophrenia and cavum septum pellucidum: a case study Septum pellucidum that forming the medial wall of the lateral ventricles, a thin layer is formed by two laminae. Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), a space between the two leaflets of the septi pellucidi, is thought to be a neurodevelopmental anomaly associated with schizophrenia. In normal fetal development, the formation of septum pellucidum occurs at the same time with the development of the neighboring limbic system structures such as hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, septal nucleus. Therefore, the anatomical differences that are detected in the septum pellucidum may reflect the embryonal development disorders of the adjacent anatomical structures. Several magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported a higher prevalence of enlarged CSP in patients with schizophrenia than in normal subjects. In the literature of psychiatric disorders, CSP is most associated with schizophrenia. Wide CSP may support the neurodevelopmental etiology of schizophrenia. In this report we present a schizophrenia case. And we tried to discuss the patient’s clinical appearance and neurocognitive disability.
Research on the Defense Equilibrium Prices' Calculation of Compatibility about Network Products

Compatibility is very important to the production and marketing of the network products . The thesis creates a general model of duopoly compatibility ,and calculates the defense equilibrium prices, the profits of manufacturers, the utility of consumers and the social welfare. Through compatibility of three special models which are complete incompatibility model's calculations and conclusions , complete compatibility model's calculations and conclusions and one-way compatibility model's calculations, we conclude that compatibility is how to affect the defense equilibrium prices, the profits of manufacturers, the utility of consumers and the social welfare. Our conclusion is as follows : (1) from the production of manufacturers, producing compatible machines get larger profits than incompatible machines. (2)From the consumers, producing incompatible machines get more utilities than compatible machines. (3) From the social welfare, producing compatible machines get larger welfares than incompatible machines.
On the (in)Effectiveness of Probabilistic Marking for IP Traceback Under DDoS Attacks

Distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS) pose an immense threat to the Internet. The most studied solution is to let routers probabilistically mark packets with partial path information during packet forwarding, which is referred as Probabilistic Packet Marking (PPM). In this paper, we study the effect of simple attacker strategies to spoof the markings to impede victim's capacity to traceback. We show that random marking is sufficient to impede the victim from tracing the attackers. A simple enhancement based on IP path length distribution makes it harder for the victim. We hope that this analysis would help researchers to adapt the current PPM techniques accordingly to thwart the DDoS attacks.
Spatial Normalization of Human Back Images for Dermatological Studies

A large number of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs) are a strong predictor of malignant melanoma. Many dermatologists advocate total body photography for high-risk patients because detecting new-appearing, disappearing, and changing PSL is important for early detection of the disease. However, manual inspection and matching of PSL is a subjective, tedious, and error-prone task. A computer program for tracking the corresponding PSL will greatly improve the matching process. In this paper, we describe the construction of the first human back template (atlas), which is used to facilitate spatial normalization of the PSL during the matching process. Four pairs of anatomically meaningful landmarks (neck, shoulder, armpit, and hip points) are used as reference points on the back image. Using the landmarks, a grid with longitudes and latitudes is constructed and overlaid on each subject-specific back image. To perform spatial normalization, the grid is registered into the back template, a unit-square rectilinear grid. To demonstrate the benefits of using the back template, we apply several state-of-the-art point-matching algorithms on 56 pairs of real dermatological images and show that utilizing spatially normalized coordinates improves the PSL matching accuracies.
Multiple One-Class Classifier Combination for Multi-class Classification

The One-Class Classifier (OCC) has been widely used for solving the one-class and multi-class classification problems. Its main advantage for multi-class is offering an open system and therefore allows easily extending new classes without retraining OCCs. However, extending the OCC to the multi-class classification achieves less accuracy comparatively to other multi-class classifiers. Hence, in order to improve the accuracy and keep the offered advantage we propose in this paper a Multiple Classifier System (MCS), which is composed of different types of OCC. Usually, the combination is performed using fixed or trained rules. Generally, the static weighted average is considered as straightforward combination rule. In this paper we propose a dynamic weighted average rule that calculates the appropriate weights for each test sample. Experimental results conducted on several real-world datasets proves the effective use of the proposed multiple classifier system where the dynamic weighted average rule achieves the best results for most datasets versus the mean, max, product and the static weighted average rules.
Rochdale: The Ultimate Freedom

It's not easy to get a grip on Rochdale College. I hope this isn't taken entirely as a plea for sympathy for the writer, which partly it is. But Rochdale doesn't lend itself to polite discourse or even, really, to print. Rochdale is an experimental, residential free university, run by students and housed in a $5.8million, student-owned, eighteen-story building in downtown Toronto. Of the more than three hundred free universities on this continent, Rochdale is perhaps the most ambitious. It opened last year with good press, high ideals and its building unfinished. It now houses about one thousand persons fewer than one-third of them original residents of unusual diversity, especially in dress, background and education. Little formal learning is taking place there. The reality of Rochdale the graffiti, the open use of drugs, the sounds, smells, conversational styles and way of life shatters most conventional yardsticks by which colleges are measured: degrees offered, faculty renown, quality of student clientele, facilities, course descriptions. It will, if it survives, be measured in part by the attainments of its alumni, a criterion also applied to conventional universities. Otherwise it is the antithesis of their image. Unconventional dress is the norm; bizarre behavior is tolerated; until recently chaos was honored over any substantial rule. (How else explain that one "head of security" for the Rochdale building was a "biker" [a motorcycle gang member] addicted to pink shirts and tough talk? ) Some writers have rummaged deep into a Kandy Kolored incense-filled urn of psychedelic modifiers in an attempt to zap their readers with Rochdale. I was asked to write "a tough, concise portrait of Rochdale and its student-faculty cli ntele. " After a year's acquaintance with Rochdale, I still haven't one of those. Rochdale rej cts labels as a faulty vending machine rejects coins. Rochdale does not comprise a "hard" story. The place offers no degrees, cannot be said to be recognized academically (although two students were given credit for their Rochdale work at a department of Simon Fraser University), has no faculty and few courses which last very long. Programs for screening applicants come and go. One scheme was to have one person, by more or less common consent, do all the interviewing and use his judgment. The day I talked with him about his criteria, in an offcampus attic with eighteenth-century atmoBarrie Zwicker formerly covered education for the Toronto Daily Star. He is now on the staff of the Province of Ontario Council for the Arts.
Social Capital for College

This study examines the relationship between networks that provide high school students with “social capital for college” (SCFC) and their access to selective institutions. It also explores the link between racial disparities in access to selective colleges and the composition of students’ SCFC networks. Findings indicate that while composition of students’ SCFC networks did not vary by race, it was associated with significant differences in the selectivity of their first choice colleges. They also indicate that students in our sample who relied heavily on their peers for information related to college-going are less likely to pursue access to the most selective colleges.
Asian wellness in decline: a cost of rising prosperity

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide a general review of the state of wellness in Asia's growing economies.Design/methodology/approach – The paper looks at wellness issue in a number of Asian countries.Findings – The rising prosperity of Asia's growing economies has drawn adverse consequences on employee wellness and the work‐life balance of many people. Intensified global competition and the expanding wealth gaps in Asia induce stress and create tension. A growing segment of Asia's working population reports being overworked and excessively strained, along with symptoms of fatigue, depression/anxiety, musculo‐skeletal pains, sleeping disorders and a rapid increase in chronic diseases. Long working hours, excessive workload, weekend duties, inadequate physical activity and an unhealthy lifestyle are often cited as the key sources of chronic fatigue and work stress. Mounting incidents of occupational illnesses/accidents, and the growing number of karoshi and suicides among prime‐aged working.
Structuring Commitments in Interrupted Careers: Career Breaks, Commitment and the Life Cycle in Teaching

Recent interest in work commitment has been within a unitary paradigm in both the sociological literature on women's commitment to work and in the human resource management literature on the need to generate commitment to work. The paper argues that the ‘commitment concept’ is a social construction with a multiplicity of meanings and that its usage is subjective, contradictory, temporal and frequently gendered. Debates focusing on the ‘masculine’ job model of commitment tend to provide only partial insights by an emphasis on the continuous, linear career and thereby neglect, or negate, the work commitment of women who take a career break. Drawing on a large study of professional teachers, the paper enables a comparison of commitment indicators between stages within a life history and between ‘returners’ and other respondents. The findings demonstrate how commitments change over time and indicate that the commitments of returners are the outcome of the interplay between ‘choices’ and the different structural conditions they encounter during their life cycle which may lead to ‘career curtailment’ or, in times of labour shortages, career opportunities.
[Renal protective effect and its mechanism of sodium ferulate in diabetic rats].

OBJECTIVE To study the renal protective effect of sodium ferulate (SF) and its mechanism in rats with diabetic mellitus (DM). METHODS DM rats induced by streptozotocin were treated with SF 110 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks. The ratio of kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW), serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), urinary protein/24 hrs, levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in renal cortex in rats were measured, the pathological change of kidney were observed and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and collagen IV (C-IV) in kidney were examined using immunohistochemical assay. The data obtained were compared with those obtained from untreated DM rats and normal rats respectively. RESULTS Compared with the normal rats, in DM rats, Ccr, urinary protein/24 hrs, ET-1, expressions of TGF-beta 1 and C-IV were significantly increased in DM model rats (all P < 0.01), and significantly abnormal pathological change in kidney was found. While in the SF treated DM rats, the above-mentioned abnormal changes were all significantly improved. CONCLUSION SF has effect in protecting kidney of DM rats, the mechanism might be related with its actions of reducing ET-1 production in kidney and inhibiting the expressions of TGF-beta 1 and C-IV.
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid mixtures and different edible oils in body composition and lipid regulation in mice.

INTRODUCTION Evidences suggest that commercial and natural conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) differentially affect nutritional status and lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE To investigate the differential effect of two types of CLA preparations supplemented to dietary fats containing different proportions of n-9, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) on body composition, triacylglycerol (TG) levels and lipid metabolism in mice. METHODS Growing mice were fed diets containing olive, maize and rapeseed oils supplemented with an equimolecular mixture of CLA (mix-CLA) or a rumenic acid (RA)-rich oil for 30 days. Body weight gain, carcass composition, tissue weights, plasma and tissue TG levels, and lipid regulation parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Independently of the dietary fats, mix-CLA decreased body weight gain and fat depots related to lower energy efficiency, hepatomegaly, increase of serum TG and decrease of muscle TG. Rapeseed oil prevented the hepatic steatosis observed with mix-CLA supplementation to olive and maize oils by increasing TG secretion. RA-rich oil supplementation decreased fat depots without hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. Olive oil, by an equilibrium between FA uptake/oxidation, prevented the increase of muscle TG induced by the RA-rich oil supplementation to maize and rapeseed oils. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The proportions of dietary unsaturated FA modulated the different mix-CLA and RA-rich oil response to lipid metabolism in mice. Finally, rapeseed oil prevented the hepatic steatosis induced by mix-CLA, and the most beneficial effects of RA-rich oil were observed when supplemented to olive oil, due to the reduced lipid accretion without changes in TG levels.
The Spectral Excess Theorem for Distance-Biregular Graphs

The spectral excess theorem for distance-regular graphs states that a regular (connected) graph is distance-regular if and only if its spectral-excess equals its average excess. A bipartite graph is distance-biregular when it is distance-regular around each vertex and the intersection array only depends on the stable set such a vertex belongs to. In this note we derive a new version of the spectral excess theorem for bipartite distance-biregular graphs.
Context-aware Library Management System using Augmented Reality

Mobile augmented reality has fuelled up the recent technological advances of smartphones technology. There are many areas in which mobile augmented reality is being used such as Navigation, Military, Medical, Gaming, Entertainment, library management etc. Augmented Reality is an emerging technology of Virtual Reality, involves knowledge about sensors, image recognition, computer vision, human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and many other areas. The key technologies include displaying, registration and tracking, interactive etc. The current world of augmented reality in Library management are lacking in context-awareness. Hence in this paper, we planned to focus on one of the major issue of automating Library application with the augmented reality software and we propose architecture for accessing the library books index data fetched from the unique visual code marker attached to each library book spine. Thus, simplifying the task of searching for a book and determine the proximity to the desired book. This implementation shows mobile augmented reality is a promising tool for library management.
Islands within an island: Repeated adaptive divergence in a single population

Physical barriers to gene flow were once viewed as prerequisites for adaptive evolutionary divergence. However, a growing body of theoretical and empirical work suggests that divergence can proceed within a single population. Here we document genetic structure and spatially replicated patterns of phenotypic divergence within a bird species endemic to 250 km2 Santa Cruz Island, California, USA. Island scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma insularis) in three separate stands of pine habitat had longer, shallower bills than jays in oak habitat, a pattern that mirrors adaptive differences between allopatric populations of the species’ mainland congener. Variation in both bill measurements was heritable, and island scrub‐jays mated nonrandomly with respect to bill morphology. The population was not panmictic; instead, we found a continuous pattern of isolation by distance across the east–west axis of the island, as well as a subtle genetic discontinuity across the boundary between the largest pine stand and adjacent oak habitat. The ecological factors that appear to have facilitated adaptive differentiation at such a fine scale—environmental heterogeneity and localized dispersal—are ubiquitous in nature. These findings support recent arguments that microgeographic patterns of adaptive divergence may be more common than currently appreciated, even in mobile taxonomic groups like birds.
Major proteins of the Escherichia coli outer cell envelope membrane as bacteriophage receptors

Three Escherichia coli phages, TuIa, TuIb, and TuII, were isolated from local sewage. We present evidence that they use the major outer membrane proteins Ia, Ib, and II, respectively, as receptors. In all cases the proteins, under the experimental conditions used, required lipopolysaccharide to exhibit their receptor activity. For proteins Ia and II, an approximately two- to eightfold molar excess of lipopolysaccharide (based on one diglucosamine unit) was necessary to reach maximal receptor activity. Lipopolysaccharide did not appear to possess phage-binding sites. It seemed that the lipopolysaccharide requirement reflected a protein-lipopolysaccharide interaction in vivo, and lipopolysaccharide may thus cause the specific localization of these proteins. Inactivation of phage TuII by a protein II-lipopolysaccharide complex was reversible as long as the complex was in solution. Precipitation of the complex with Mg2+ led to irreversible phage inactivation with an inactivation constant (37 degrees C)K = 7 X 10-2 ml/min per microgram. With phages TuIa and TuIb and their respective protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes, only irreversible inactivation was found at 37 degrees C. The activity of the three proteins as phage receptors shows that part of them must be located at the cells surface. In addition, the association of proteins Ia and Ib with the murein layer of the cell envelope makes this pair trans-membrane proteins.
Collaborative Educational Leadership: The Emergence of Human Interactional Sense-Making Process as a Complex System

The article aims at explicating the emergence of human interactional sense‐making process within educational leadership as a complex system. The kind of leadership is understood as a holistic entity called collaborative leadership. There, sense‐making emerges across interdependent domains, called attributes of collaborative leadership. The attributes give rise to the complex system. They are suggested to be the very agents, i.e. both the source and the outcome of the synergetic sense‐making process. Hence, the agents are not the single persons involved who, however, supply the collective attributes that are modified through human interaction in a holistic way. For studying the emergence process in reality, a long‐term development process within an educational executive team was exploited. The team aimed at co‐creating novel leadership thinking and working practices for its new unit after a merger of separated schools. The emergent sense‐making process was examined through such agent‐attributes that were identified as attractors within the complex system. Moreover, it is argued that illuminating the complex system of collaborative leadership, this can help other leadership teams to better understand their own sense‐making processes in the increasingly complex settings of today.