Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Mapping of Text Collections through a Fast High Precision Projection Technique

This paper introduces least square projection (LSP), a fast technique for projection of multi-dimensional data onto lower dimensions developed and tested successfully in the context of creation of text maps based on their content. Current solutions are either based on computationally expensive dimension reduction with no proper guarantee of the outcome or on faster techniques that need some sort of post-processing for recovering information lost during the process. LSP is based on least square approximation, a technique originally employed for surface modeling and reconstruction. Least square approximations are capable of computing the coordinates of a set of projected points based on a reduced number of control points with defined geometry. We extend the concept for general data sets. In order to perform the projection, a small number of distance calculations is necessary and no repositioning of the final points is required to obtain a satisfactory precision of the final solution. Textual information is a typically difficult data type to handle, due to its intrinsic dimensionality. We employ document corpora as a benchmark to demonstrate the capabilities of the LSP to group and separate documents by their content with high precision
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis : a two-case report *

Received June 4, 2008. Accepted after revision February 9, 2009. ing expansile lesions, with recidivation after surgical exeresis. Both patients reported repeated convulsive crises, and a significant cognitive deficit was observed in both of them during a purpose-driven assessment. Ectoscopy demonstrated multiple painless periarticular, expansile lesions (Figure 1) most noticeable in the knees, ankles, elbows, hands fingers and feet toes. Both sisters presented the same abnormalities. The main finding at computed tomography (CT) was cerebellar atrophy and hypodensity in the area of the dentate nucleus (Figure 2). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1-weighted sequence demonstrated low signal intensity in the dentate nuclei (Figure 3A). The same finding was also observed on T2-weighted, FLAIR and gradient-echo sequences, the two first of them with the hypointensity surrounded by a hypersignal halo. Additionally, the FLAIR sequence demonstrated hypersignal in the periventricular region and in the semioval center (Figure 3B). MRI of the knee demonstrated peduncular tendon xanthomas with hyposignal on T1-weighted sequences and hypersignal on SPIR sequences (Figure 4). Torres PPTS, Vilela TT, Costa FHAA, Carneiro RD, Rocha LG, Teixeira KISS. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: a two-case report. Radiol Bras. 2010;43(2):133–135.
Processing the prosody of oral presentations

Standard advice to people preparing to speak in public is to use a “lively” voice. A lively voice is described as one that varies in intonation, rhythm and loudness: qualities that can be analyzed using speech analysis software. This paper reports on a study analyzing pitch variation as a measure of speaker liveliness. A potential application of this approach for analysis would be for rehearsing or assessing the prosody of oral presentations. While public speaking can be intimidating even to native speakers, second language users are especially challenged, particularly when it comes to using their voices in a prosodically engaging manner. The material is a database of audio recordings of twenty 10-minute student oral presentations, where all speakers were college-age Swedes studying Technical English. The speech has been processed using the analysis software WaveSurfer for pitch extraction. Speaker liveliness has been measured as the standard deviation from the mean fundamental frequency over 10-second periods of speech. The standard deviations have been normalized (by division with the mean frequency) to obtain a value termed the pitch dynamism quotient (PDQ). Mean values (for ten minutes of speech) of PDQ per speaker range from a low of 0.11 to a high of 0.235. Individual values for 10-second segments range from lows of 0.06 to highs of 0.36.
Neurological Complications of Solid Organ Transplantation

Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the preferred treatment for an expanding range of conditions whose successful therapy has produced a growing population of chronically immunosuppressed patients with potential neurological problems. While the spectrum of neurological complications varies with the type of organ transplanted, the indication for the procedure, and the intensity of long-term required immunosuppression, major neurological complications occur with all SOT types. The second part of this 2-part article on transplantation neurology reviews central and peripheral nervous system problems associated with SOT with clinical and neuroimaging examples from the authors’ institutional experience. Particular emphasis is given to conditions acquired from the donated organ or tissue, problems specific to types of organs transplanted and drug therapy-related complications likely to be encountered by hospitalists. Neurologically important syndromes such as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), and posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) are readdressed in the context of SOT.
Efficient Public Trace and Revoke from Standard Assumptions: Extended Abstract

We provide efficient constructions for trace-and-revoke systems with public traceability in the black-box confirmation model. Our constructions achieve adaptive security, are based on standard assumptions and achieve significant efficiency gains compared to previous constructions. Our constructions rely on a generic transformation from inner product functional encryption (IPFE) schemes to trace-and-revoke systems. Our transformation requires the underlying IPFE scheme to only satisfy a very weak notion of security -- the attacker may only request a bounded number of random keys -- in contrast to the standard notion of security where she may request an unbounded number of arbitrarily chosen keys. We exploit the much weaker security model to provide a new construction for bounded collusion and random key IPFE from the learning with errors assumption (LWE), which enjoys improved efficiency compared to the scheme of Agrawal et al. [CRYPTO'16]. Together with IPFE schemes from Agrawal et al., we obtain trace and revoke from LWE, Decision Diffie Hellman and Decision Composite Residuosity.
Stationary BPS solutions to dilaton-axion gravity.

Stationary four-dimensional BPS solutions to gravity-coupled bosonic theories admitting a three-dimensional $\ensuremath{\sigma}$-model representation on coset spaces are interpreted as null geodesics of the target manifold equipped with a certain number of harmonic maps. For asymptotically flat (or Taub-NUT) space-times such geodesics can be directly parametrized in terms of charges saturating the Bogomol'nyi-Gibbons-Hull bound, and classified according to the structure of related coset matrices. We investigate in detail the "dilaton-axion gravity" with one vector field, and show that in the space of BPS solutions an SO(1,2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SO(2) classical symmetry is acting. Within the present formalism the most general multicenter (IWP or Taub-NUT dyon) solutions are derived in a simple way. We also discover a large new class of asymptotically flat solutions for which the dilaton and axion charges are constrained only by the BPS bound. The string metrics for these solutions are generically regular. Both the IWP class and the new class contain massless solutions.
FDA Approval of Gefitinib for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic EGFR Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

On July 13, 2015, the FDA approved gefitinib (Iressa; AstraZeneca UK Limited) for the treatment of patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test. Concurrently, a labeling expansion of the therascreen EGFR RGQ PCR Kit (Qiagen) as a companion diagnostic test was approved. The approval was based on the results of a multicenter, single-arm, open-label clinical study of 106 treatment-naïve patients with metastatic EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC who received gefitinib, 250 mg daily, until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The major efficacy outcome was RECIST v1.1 objective response rate (ORR). The blinded independent central review (BICR) ORR was 50% [95% confidence interval (CI), 41–59] with a median duration of response (DoR) of 6.0 months. Efficacy results were supported by a retrospective exploratory analysis of a subset of a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial on 1,217 patients with metastatic NSCLC. Of the patients randomized, 186 (15%) were retrospectively determined to be EGFR positive and evaluable for a BICR assessment. The HR for progression-free survival (PFS) was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.38–0.79), favoring gefitinib over platinum-doublet chemotherapy. The most common (≥20%) adverse reactions were skin reactions, increased aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, proteinuria, and diarrhea. Approximately 5% of patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse reaction. Given the safety profile and clinically meaningful ORR, DoR, and PFS, the benefit–risk analysis was deemed favorable for FDA approval. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1307–12. ©2016 AACR.
Mechanisms and limits of induced postnatal lung growth.

Introduction Postnatal Lung Development Normal Development Abnormal Development Models of Induce Postnatal Lung Growth Increased Metabolic Oxygen Demand Increased Mechanical Lung Strain Reduced Size (Lobar) Lung Transplant Chronic Hypoxia or High-altitude Exposure Extracellular Matrix and Elastic Fibers Signals and Mediators of Induced Lung Growth Mechanical Signals Nonmechanical Signals and Mediators Role of Pluripotent Stem Cells Functional Correlates and Limits of Induced Lung Growth Compensatory Versus Reparative Growth Nonstructural Sources of Adaptation: Recruitment of Reserves Limits Imposed by Dysanaptic Lung Growth Limits Imposed by Heart–Lung–Thorax Interaction Growth Induction and Carcinogenesis Future Directions
Students’ perceptions of the practice firms network learning environment in Brazil:a phenomenographic approach

This research deals with how students of a particular learning environment in management education, which I call here the Practice Firms Network Learning Environment (PFN), describe their relationship with this learning environment. In the PFN model students conceptualise, design and sell ‘virtual’ products and services to other people within the model, constituting a market that only exists by the pedagogical intentions of those involved with the model. The research was carried out to explore the relationship between students and the PFN model, and to describe the variation in perception of how students experienced this relationship, from their perspective. The research sample was composed of twenty-nine students from two educational institutions in Brazil, using a phenomenographic approach. The students were interviewed and their narratives were analysed and categorised. The analysis showed that the variation in students’ descriptions of their relationships with the PFN model could be synthesised in seven different categories. The students experienced their relationship with the PFN as a: 1) Pointless experience; 2) Discipline experience; 3) Group Work experience; 4) Competitive experience; 5) Simulated experience; 6) Way of Learning experience; 7) Realistic experience. The conclusions extracted from the data were that a) Students experienced the PFN in qualitatively different ways; b) The range of variation could be arranged to show that students categorised their experiences in the PFN from a completely pointless experience on one hand to a realistic engagement in the PFN on the other hand; c) From within a meaning dimension, students devalued the PFN model when they perceived it as a ‘pointless’ experience and valued it when they perceived it as adding meaning to their experience; d) From within a structural dimension, students perceived the PFN model as structured forms of experience to deal with tasks or situations. Whether or not they learned from these structures was situational. In summary, the study concludes that students engage in learning activities in search of meaning. Nevertheless, the structures of educational activities influence if and how students will achieve their meaning purposes.
Treatment and Controversies in Paraesophageal Hernia Repair

Background Historically all paraesophageal hernias were repaired surgically, today intervention is reserved for symptomatic paraesophageal hernias. In this review, we describe the indications for repair and explore the controversies in paraesophageal hernia repair, which include a comparison of open to laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair, the necessity of complete sac excision, the routine performance of fundoplication, and the use of mesh for hernia repair. Methods We searched Pubmed for papers published between 1980 and 2015 using the following keywords: hiatal hernias, paraesophageal hernias, regurgitation, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, aspiration, GERD, endoscopy, manometry, pH monitoring, proton pump inhibitors, anemia, iron-deficiency anemia, Nissen fundoplication, sac excision, mesh, and mesh repair. Results Indications for paraesophageal hernia repair have changed, and currently symptomatic paraesophageal hernias are recommended for repair. In addition, it is important not to overlook iron-deficiency anemia and pulmonary complaints, which tend to improve with repair. Current practice favors a laparoscopic approach, complete sac excision, primary crural repair with or without use of mesh, and a routine fundoplication.
Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin.

BACKGROUND & AIMS : Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor, was recently identified in the rat stomach. We examined the effects of the gastric peptide ghrelin on energy balance in association with leptin and vagal nerve activity. METHODS : Food intake, oxygen consumption, gastric emptying, and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) messenger RNA expression were measured after intra-third cerebroventricular or intraperitoneal injections of ghrelin in mice. The gastric vagal nerve activity was recorded after intravenous administration in rats. Gastric ghrelin gene expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis. Repeated coadministration of ghrelin and interleukin (IL)-1 beta was continued for 5 days. RESULTS : Ghrelin exhibited gastroprokinetic activity with structural resemblance to motilin and potent orexigenic activity through action on the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Y(1) receptor, which was lost after vagotomy. Ghrelin decreased gastric vagal afferent discharge in contrast to other anorexigenic peptides that increased the activity. Ghrelin gene expression in the stomach was increased by fasting and in ob/ob mice, and was decreased by administration of leptin and IL-1 beta. Peripherally administered ghrelin blocked IL-1 beta-induced anorexia and produced positive energy balance by promoting food intake and decreasing energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS : Ghrelin, which is negatively regulated by leptin and IL-1 beta, is secreted by the stomach and increases arcuate NPY expression, which in turn acts through Y(1) receptors to increase food intake and decrease energy expenditure. Gastric peptide ghrelin may thus function as part of the orexigenic pathway downstream from leptin and is a potential therapeutic target not only for obesity but also for anorexia and cachexia.
Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses Expressing Wild-Type or Mutant M Proteins Activate Apoptosis through Distinct Pathways

ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induces apoptosis by at least two mechanisms. The viral matrix (M) protein induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway due to the inhibition of host gene expression. However, in some cell types, the inhibition of host gene expression by VSV expressing wild-type (wt) M protein delays VSV-induced apoptosis, indicating that another mechanism is involved. In support of this, the recombinant M51R-M (rM51R-M) virus, expressing a mutant M protein that is defective in its ability to inhibit host gene expression, induces apoptosis much more rapidly in L929 cells than do viruses expressing wt M protein. Here, we determine the caspase pathways by which the rM51R-M virus induces apoptosis. An analysis of caspase activity, using fluorometric caspase assays and Western blots, indicated that each of the main initiator caspases, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-12, were activated during infection with the rM51R-M virus. The overexpression of Bcl-2, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial pathway, or MAGE-3, an inhibitor of caspase-12 activation, did not delay apoptosis induction in rM51R-M virus-infected L929 cells. However, an inhibitor of caspase-8 activity significantly delayed apoptosis induction. Furthermore, the inhibition of caspase-8 activity prevented the activation of caspase-9, suggesting that caspase-9 is activated by cross talk with caspase-8. These data indicate that VSV expressing the mutant M protein induces apoptosis via the death receptor apoptotic pathway, a mechanism distinct from that induced by VSV expressing the wt M protein.
Taking performance seriously

Thirty-five years ago, Noam Chomsky introduced the field of linguistics to new mathematical tools drawn largely from Recursive Function Theory. These were exciting tools that imparted mathematical precision, perhaps for the first time in the history of Linguistics, to the enterprise of grammar construction. The cornerstone of Chomsky’s new theoretical edifice, was the linguistic transformation, an analytic tool which led to new insights about a vast array of empirical phenomena left unanalyzed by previous linguistic traditions. As the theory of transformations developed, so did Chomsky’s conception of linguistic theory. Transformational grammar was accorded the status of a theory of idealized linguistic knowledge – linguistic competence, to be distinguished from the more general study of real language use (including matters of on-line language processing), termed linguistic performance. The relation between these two notions, as Chomsky (1965:10) has emphasized, is that “. investigation of performance will proceed only so far as understanding of underlying competence permits. ” For all their initial descriptive success, however, linguistic transformations have proven rather intransigent. Psychological models based on transformational grammar, e.g. the so-called ‘derivational theory of complexity’, were discarded as their predictions failed to square with the rapidly evolving developments of transformational theory (see Fodor, Bever and Garrett (1974) for an overview). And to this day no one, to my knowledge, has ever successfully formulated methods for computing with transformational grammars of the sort linguists have proposed, especially within the realm of parsing.1
Branes and supersymmetry breaking in three dimensional gauge theories

It is shown that supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in certain three-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories, by using the s-rule in their string theory realization as brane configurations. In particular, supersymmetry is broken in N = 3 supersymmetric Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory with gauge group SU(n) and CS coefficient k, as well as in its N = 2 and N = 1 deformations, when n > |k|. In addition, supersymmetry is broken in the N = 1 mass deformation of N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(n) and one matter multiplet when n > 1. In the latter case the breaking is induced by an instanton-generated repulsive potential.
Pediatric Reference Intervals for 34 Biochemical Analytes in Urban School Children and Adolescents

Abstract Concentrations of 34 biochemical constituents of sera were determined on 998 randomly selected urban school children and adolescents aged 8–18 years from Zagreb, Croatia. Reference intervals were obtained by using non-parametric methods to estimate 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of distribution as upper and lower normal reference intervals, according to the IFCC recommendations. These were compared to reference intervals in the healthy adult population, aged 20–30 years from the same geographical area. Serum glucose, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, total serum proteins and electrophoretic fractions, and amylase, did not show age or sex differences; total serum bilirubin, total calcium, phosphate, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total iron binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity, copper, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase had higher reference intervals than the adult population. Urea, creatinine, urate, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides had lower reference intervals than the adult population.
Real-Time Hand Pose Recognition Based on a Neural Network Using Microsoft Kinect

The Microsoft Kinect sensor is largely used to detect and recognize body gestures and layout with enough reliability, accuracy and precision in a quite simple way. However, the pretty low resolution of the optical sensors does not allow the device to detect gestures of body parts, such as the fingers of a hand, with the same straightforwardness. Given the clear application of this technology to the field of the user interaction within immersive multimedia environments, there is the actual need to have a reliable and effective method to detect the pose of some body parts. In this paper we propose a method based on a neural network to detect in real time the hand pose, to recognize whether it is closed or not. The neural network is used to process information of color, depth and skeleton coming from the Kinect device. This information is preprocessed to extract some significant feature. The output of the neural network is then filtered with a time average, to reduce the noise due to the fluctuation of the input data. We analyze and discuss three possible implementations of the proposed method, obtaining an accuracy of 90% under good conditions of lighting and background, and even reaching the 95% in best cases, in real time.
A SCUBA Galaxy in the Protocluster around 53W002 at z = 2.4

We analyze an 850 μm Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) map of the environment of the z = 2.39 radio galaxy 53W002, which has been shown to reside in an overdensity of Lyα-detected galaxies. We identify four luminous submillimeter sources within a 2. ′3 (1.2 Mpc at z = 2.39) diameter area around the radio galaxy (which itself is a weak submillimeter source). We employ a 1.4 GHz map to accurately locate the counterpart of one of these sources, SMM J17142+5016, and identify this source with a narrow-line active galactic nucleus with an extended Lyα halo at z = 2.390 that is a member of the structure around 53W002. Hence, SMM J17142+5016 is the first spectroscopically confirmed submillimeter-selected companion to a high-redshift radio galaxy. We discuss the OH-Airglow Suppression Spectrograph JHK spectrum of this galaxy and in addition present five new constraints on its spectral energy distribution longward of 1 μm, using these to estimate its bolometric luminosity as ~8 × 1012 L☉, or a star formation rate of ~103 M☉ yr-1 if young stars provide the bulk of the luminosity. This result provides direct support for the statistical detection of overdensities of SCUBA galaxies around high-redshift radio galaxies and confirms theoretical predictions that SCUBA galaxies, as the progenitors of massive elliptical galaxies, should be strongly clustered in the highest density regions of the distant universe.