Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Review on Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children and Long-Term Strategy

Background: One of the most prevalent dietary disorders in the world is iron deficiency anemia (IDA) which impacts people of all ages, genders, and physiological categories. In the current situation, iron fortification in food is seen as a long-term, cost-effective, and sustainable technique.Scope and approach: The ideal mix of iron form and food carrier, as wellas the food circumstances in which it is consumed, are critical. Combining iron with a bioavailability booster and avoiding interactions with iron inhibitors are suggested. As a result, this paper provides a thorough examination of the high prevalence of IDA, its various causes, absorption of haem and non-haem iron, and bioavailability,in addition to iron fortification strategies.Results: Ascorbic acid and meat components in animal tissue are the most prominent enhancers of iron absorption in diets. Polyphenols, phytates, and calcium are the utmost potentinhibitors of iron absorption. Additional approaches to minimize iron uptake from diets may include changes in diet that lower iron consumption and reduce iron bioavailability.Conclusion: Food fortification is a viable technique for lowering anemia prevalence. The combination of iron fortificants and food vehicles should be harmless, agreeable, and ingested by the target population for an effective fortification program.It should also have no negative impact on the ultimate product’s acceptance and stability. Novel food fortification techniques may lead to the development of new approaches to treating iron deficiency and anemia.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 07 No. 02 April’23 Page: 106-116
Entanglement generation through Markovian feed-back in open two-qubit systems

We discuss the generation and the long-time persistence of entanglement in open two-qubit systems whose reduced dissipative dynamics is not a priori engineered but is instead subjected to filtering and Markovian feedback. In particular, we analytically study (1) whether the latter operations may enhance the environment capability of generating entanglement at short times and (2) whether the generated entanglement survives in the long-time regime. We show that, in the case of particularly symmetric Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad it is possible to fully control the convex set of stationary states of the two-qubit reduced dynamics, therefore the asymptotic behaviour of any initial two-qubit state. We then study the impact of a suitable class of feed-back operations on the considered dynamics.
Passive millimeter-wave imaging using photonic processing technology

A passive millimeter-wave scanning imaging method using electro-optic modulation and photonic processing is presented.In this imaging method,the millimeter-wave signal in the radiometer is transformed to optical frequency by electro-optic modulation,and processed by photonic filter and photodetector.The principle of this millimeter-wave signal photonic processing method is described,and the relationship between component parameters and signal conversion is analyzed.The noise characteristics of this processing method are discussed.A passive millimeter-wave scanning imaging system using this photonic processing method was designed,and passive millimeter-wave images acquired using this method were first presented in China.The results show that the proposed passive millimeter-wave imaging method is effective and can obtain comparable imaging quality as that of traditional millimeter-wave radiometer imaging.This passive millimeter-wave imaging method has advantages such as large bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interferences.
Genome Sequence and Phenotypic Analysis of a Protein Lysis-Negative, Attenuated Anthrax Vaccine Strain

Simple Summary The whole-genome sequencing of a putative No. II vaccine strain PNO2 with specific phenotypes was completed. The PNO2 strain is more like a Tsiankovskii strain than a Pasteur II strain. The inactivation of nprR gene resulted in the nonproteolytic phenotype of PNO2 and attenuated sporulation. The nprR was then found to be required for Bacillus anthracis sporulation. Further, inactivation or low expression of abs genes may be an important cause of vaccine strain virulence attenuation. Abstract Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease anthrax. Here, we studied the characteristic phenotype and virulence attenuation of the putative No. II vaccine strain, PNO2, which was reportedly introduced from the Pasteur Institute in 1934. Characterization of the strain showed that, compared with the control strain, A16Q1, the attenuated PNO2 (PNO2D1) was phospholipase-positive, with impaired protein hydrolysis and significantly reduced sporulation. Additionally, PNO2D1 significantly extended the survival times of anthrax-challenged mice. An evolutionary tree analysis revealed that PNO2D1 was not a Pasteur strain but was more closely related to a Tsiankovskii strain. A database comparison revealed a seven-base insertion mutation in the nprR gene. Although it did not block nprR transcription, the insertion mutation resulted in the premature termination of protein translation. nprR deletion of A16Q1 resulted in a nonproteolytic phenotype that could not sporulate. The database comparison revealed that the abs gene is also prone to mutation, and the abs promoter activity was much lower in PNO2D1 than in A16Q1. Low abs expression may be an important reason for the decreased virulence of PNO2D1.
Ellagic acid from whole pomegranate fruit reduces liver injury in a rat model of hepatic cholestasis

Background: Cholestasis is a health problem, both in humans and animals, which in the disease's course involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. EA has been proven to have beneficial effects on various diseases. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of EA in protecting liver damage because of cholestasis. In addition, to understand the underlying mechanism of liver damage in rats as a model animal by bile duct ligation (BDL) technique. Methods: In this study, male adult rats were used and randomly divided into three treatment groups. S is the sham-operated group, BDL is the group that is treated with BDL and the BDL-EA group is treated with BDL and given EA by gavage at a dose of 60 mg/kg bw/day, starting on the second day after BDL and given for 21 days. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were evaluated using spectrophotometer; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) were evaluated using sandwich ELISA and histopathological examination using HE and Massion's Trichrome staining. Results: In this study, BDL significantly increased serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and hepatic GGT. In addition, BDL also increased levels of TNF-α, and TGF-β1 compared to sham-operated controls. Histological studies in the BDL group also showed that the BDL increased the degree of necro-inflammation and collagen deposition area in the liver compared to the sham-operated group. Administration of EA has been shown to significantly improve liver morpho-function of the liver. I attenuated these changes in the BDL-EA group, where all observed study variables appeared to have improved. Conclusion: EA has been shown to reduce cholestasis that causes liver injury and improves liver enzyme profiles, and is suspected to have occurred because of its activities as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic.
JavaScript Dead Code Identification, Elimination, and Empirical Assessment

Web apps are built by using a combination of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. While building modern web apps, it is common practice to make use of third-party libraries and frameworks, as to improve developers’ productivity and code quality. Alongside these benefits, the adoption of such libraries results in the introduction of JavaScript dead code, i.e., code implementing unused functionalities. The costs for downloading and parsing dead code can negatively contribute to the loading time and resource usage of web apps. The goal of our study is two-fold. First, we present Lacuna, an approach for automatically detecting and eliminating JavaScript dead code from web apps. The proposed approach supports both static and dynamic analyses, it is extensible and can be applied to any JavaScript code base, without imposing constraints on the coding style or on the use of specific JavaScript constructs. Second, by leveraging Lacuna we conduct an experiment to empirically evaluate the run-time overhead of JavaScript dead code in terms of energy consumption, performance, network usage, and resource usage in the context of mobile web apps. We applied Lacuna four times on 30 mobile web apps independently developed by third-party developers, each time eliminating dead code according to a different optimization level provided by Lacuna. Afterward, each different version of the web app is executed on an Android device, while collecting measures to assess the potential run-time overhead caused by dead code. Experimental results, among others, highlight that the removal of JavaScript dead code has a positive impact on the loading time of mobile web apps, while significantly reducing the number of bytes transferred over the network.
Digestibility of Conventional and Novel Dietary Lipids in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Simple Summary The digestibility of ingredients in fish diets must be known to use the least-cost feed formulation. However, there is very little published information on lipid (fat) digestibility in fish. With this information, commercial feed producers can choose lipids based on high utilization by the fish, as well as cost. We conducted a feeding trial with catfish fed diets with different lipids: soybean oil, soybean oil with conjugated linoleic acids, catfish offal oil, flaxseed oil, menhaden fish oil and poultry fat. After feeding, fish feces were collected for nutrient analysis and compared to the lipid content of the diets. Lipid and fatty acid digestibility were high overall for all of the lipids tested. However, the digestibility of certain fatty acids was different from overall lipid digestibility. This information can be used to choose the best lipids to meet catfish needs, enhance healthy fats in the fish for human consumers, and produce a cost-effective feed. Abstract Lipid and fatty acid digestibility is presumably high in Channel Catfish, but data is lacking. We determined the lipid and fatty acid digestibility of traditional and alternative dietary lipids in Channel Catfish to inform lipid choice for commercial diets. Six diets contained 4% of different lipids: soybean oil (SBO), soybean oil containing conjugated linoleic acids (CLA-SBO), catfish offal oil (COO), flaxseed oil (FXO), menhaden fish oil (MFO) and poultry fat (PF). Diets were fed to Channel Catfish (150–200 g) maintained at 26.5 °C in each of six 110 L aquaria. Six hours post-prandial, feces were collected for analysis. Total lipid, crude protein and fatty acids of lyophilized feces were analyzed, and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were calculated. ADCs of lipid, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and protein digestibility were similar among diets. CLA isomers (cis-9, trans-11 (84.1%) and trans-10, cis-12 (90%)) in the CLA-SBO diet were highly digestible. Oleic acid digestibility was highest in the PF diet. ADC was high for α-linolenic acid in the FXO diet, and for arachidonic acid and n-3 LC-PUFA in the MFO diet. Overall, total lipid digestibility was high, but ADCs of individual fatty acids differed by source.
Night-time vehicle detection using D-S evidence theory

In order to effectively detect vehicles moving at night,this paper presented a new vehicle detection method for night-time vehicle using D-S evidence theory.Firstly,to collect all kind of contours of bright region in image,it segmented the road scene image by using threshold value in YCrCb color space and extracted the contour of each bright region,in which false targets such as non-rear light were excluded by using contour four-neighborhood red level method.Secondly,it paired the rear lamps using taillights clustering algorithm to get vehicles candidate hypothesis.At last,it used the structured feature information of taillights such as the area ratio,cross-image correlation and length-width ratio of the rear light combo box to construct the basic belief distribution function,and then constructed the general trust value by fusing these feature information and using D-S evidence theory,ultimately a belief threshold value was set to verify the vehicle hypothesis.The proposed method could decrease the number of subjective threshold,and reduced efficiently the risk of inappropriate threshold definition because of lacking experience,and thus could improve the recognition rate.The experimental results show that the method can improve the detection accuracy and reduce the misjudgment.It also improves the robustness of the system.
The widespread increase in inter-individual variability of gene expression in the human brain with age

Aging is broadly defined as a time-dependent progressive decline in the functional and physiological integrity of organisms. Previous studies and evolutionary theories of aging suggest that aging is not a programmed process but reflects dynamic stochastic events. In this study, we test whether transcriptional noise shows an increase with age, which would be expected from stochastic theories. Using human brain transcriptome dataset, we analyzed the heterogeneity in the transcriptome for individual genes and functional pathways, employing different analysis methods and pre-processing steps. We show that unlike expression level changes, changes in heterogeneity are highly dependent on the methodology and the underlying assumptions. Although the particular set of genes that can be characterized as differentially variable is highly dependent on the methods, we observe a consistent increase in heterogeneity at every level, independent of the method. In particular, we demonstrate a weak but reproducible transcriptome‐wide shift towards an increase in heterogeneity, with twice as many genes significantly increasing as opposed to decreasing their heterogeneity. Furthermore, this pattern of increasing heterogeneity is not specific but is associated with a wide range of pathways.
Diagnostics of linear and incremental approximations in 4D‐Var

The validity of the tangent linear approximation and of the incremental 4D‐Var formulation is evaluated in the operational context. In ECMWF's operational system, the linear and adjoint models are run at a lower resolution than the nonlinear model. Furthermore, the physics are simpler in the tangent linear and adjoint than in the nonlinear model. Comparisons are made between the output of the linear model and the finite difference obtained by running the nonlinear model twice, with and without adding the analysis increment. The accuracy of the linear model is assessed with respect to resolution, linearized physics and the length of the assimilation window.
KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF ANKLE EVERSION SPRAIN IN SPORTS ONE CASE DURINGTHE 2010 FIFA WORLD CUP

The purpose of this study was to present the 3-dimensional ankle joint kinematics of an eversion ankle sprain case with MBIM motion analysis technique. The results showed that the maximum eversion angle occurred 0.20 seconds after trampled. At that time, the ankle joint was 25° everted, 42° externally rotated, and 15° plantarflexed. The Maximum eversion velocity was 210deg/s. The results from the MBIM technique could contribute to the understanding of the injury mechanism of ankle sprain injury.
Study of Image Harris detector Based on Regular Grid

Corner detection is a kind of important method for image feature extraction.This paper analyzes the Harris corner detection algorithm, due to the phenomenon that original algorithm of corner response functions are gathered is existed in the high resolution image detection, this article solves the distribution is not balanced through the establishment of regular grid. At the same time, good basic units for the subsequent image matching are provided . The experimental results prove that the improved algorithm greatly improves the image corner detection and matching accuracy.
Understanding the chemistry of 2D rhodium trihalide solid solutions: tuning of optical properties and nanocrystal deposition

In the search for novel 2D materials with potentially valuable properties, such as a tunable band gap for optoelectronic or catalytic applications, solid solutions hold the potential to significantly expand the inventory of available 2D nanomaterials. In this study, we present for the first time the synthesis of such 2D rhodium trihalide solid solutions: RhBr x Cl3−x and RhBr x I3−x . We use thermodynamic simulations and simultaneous thermal analysis to predict conditions for their rational synthesis and to investigate suitable chemical vapor transport (CVT) parameters for these solid solutions. The evolution of the lattice parameters was investigated by powder x-ray diffraction, showing an isostructural relationship of the synthesized compounds and only minor deviation from Vegard’s law. The optical band gap of these materials can be tuned in an energy range from 1.5 eV (RhCl3) to 1.2 eV (RhI3) by choosing the composition of the solid solution, while the samples also exhibit photoluminescence in similar energy ranges. Ultimately, the successful deposition of bulk as well as ultrathin 2D nanocrystals of RhBr x Cl3−x by CVT from 925 °C to 850 °C is shown, where the composition of the deposited crystals is precisely controlled by the choice of the starting composition and the initial amount of material. The high quality of the obtained nanocrystals is confirmed by atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. For RhBr x I3−x , the CVT from 900 °C to 825 °C is more difficult and has only been practically demonstrated for an exemplary case. According to the observed properties, these novel solid solutions and nanocrystals show a great potential for an application in optoelectronic devices.
Exergy, energy, and economic analyses of pyramid solar still integrated with solar water heater

ABSTRACT One of the top priorities in the development of solar stills is productivity enhancement. The present study experimentally investigates both passive and active pyramid solar stills. In active mode, the pyramid solar still is integrated with a solar water heater. The tests were carried out with conventional pyramid solar still (CPSS) and active pyramid solar still (APSS) at 1, 2, and 3 cm of water depth, respectively. The experimentation has been carried out in Nagpur (Longitude 21.124042, Latitude 79.002211) from April – May 2022. The finding shows that the pyramid solar still coupled with a solar water heater at a water depth of 1 cm produces the highest productivity of 7.99 L/m2.The hourly thermal efficiency is to be inversely related to the absorber area and the exergy efficiency is inversely related to the absorber area and directly proportional to the still output. Hence exergy and thermal efficiency of CPSS at 1 cm water depth is enhanced by (107.59%) and (49.36%) as compared to APSS, respectively. The cost per liter of fresh water obtained from conventional pyramid solar still and active pyramid solar still are 0.0139$/L and 0.00751$/L respectively. Based on the study, lower basin water depths and secondary heating enhance the solar still’s productivity.
Role of Doping Effect and Chemical Pressure Effect Introduced by Alkali Metal Substitution on 1144 Iron-Based Superconductors

CaAFe4As4 with A = K, Rb, and Cs are close to the doped 122 system, and the parent material can reach a superconducting transition temperature of 31–36 K without doping. To study the role of alkali metals, we investigated the induced hole doping and chemical pressure effects as a result of the introduction of alkali metals using density-functional-based methods. These two effects can affect the superconducting transition temperature by changing the number of electrons and the structure of the FeAs conductive layer, respectively. Our study shows that the dxz and dyz orbitals, which are degenerate in CaFe2As2, become nondegenerate in CaAFe4As4 due to two nonequivalent arsenic atoms (As1 and As2). The unusual oblate ellipsoid hole pocket at Γ point in CaAFe4As4 results from a divalent cation Ca2+ replaced by a monovalent cation A+. It shows one of the main differences in fermiology compared to a particular form of CaFe2As2 with reduced 1144 symmetry, due to the enhancement of As2-Fe hybridization. The unusual band appears in CaFe2As2 (1144) and gradually disappears in the change of K to Cs. Further analysis shows that this band is contributed by As1 and has strong dispersion perpendicular to the FeAs layer, suggesting that it is related to the peculiar van Hove singularity below the Fermi level. In addition, various aspects of CaFe2As2 (1144) and CaAFe4As4 in the ground state are discussed in terms of the influence of hole doping and chemical pressure.
A Low-Cost Low-Power LoRa Mesh Network for Large-Scale Environmental Sensing

Sustainability and climate monitoring efforts create a need for long-term in-situ sensing of large geographic areas. However, environmental monitoring in remote areas of developing countries remains impeded by a lack of low-cost, scalable Internet of Things (IoT) solutions. Whereas IoT systems for in-situ sensing abound, they mostly are either low-cost or suitable for large areas, but not both. In this article, we present a low-cost low-power network solution for in-situ sensing of areas up to hundreds of square kilometers. Taking advantage of LoRa technology, we develop a self-organizing mesh network that can be scaled to a hundred and more nodes. Scalability is achieved by developing methods that mitigate packet collisions during data collection. We present a protocol, called CottonCandy, with which nodes self-organize in a spanning-tree network topology in a distributed fashion. A power profile on a custom-built circuit board shows that CottonCandy nodes can run thousands of duty cycles on 2 AA batteries, sufficient to operate for years in many applications. Using off-the-shelf components, the cost of a CottonCandy node is less than U.S. $\$ $ 15. Evaluations by simulation show that CottonCandy networks with 100 nodes achieve a packet delivery ratio (PDR) of >90%. Measurements of an outdoor deployment with 15 nodes corroborate the high PDR in a real-life setting.