Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Species traits help explain butterfly habitat use in a tropical forest

When species can access all parts of the landscape, species‐sorting metacommunity theory predicts that community composition depends on habitat choice and interactions with other species and the environment. These filtering processes can also depend on species' traits. The authors investigated how traits mediate a species‐sorting process in determining butterfly community composition in a naturally patchy landscape in the tropical Western Ghats, India. The authors asked, do traits mediate access to certain habitats and does seasonality affect these patterns? The authors surveyed 56 habitat patches in three habitat types: laterite plateau grasslands, ridge grassland, and moist‐deciduous forest, in a 65‐km2 landscape. Non‐palatable butterflies showed similar occurrences across seasons and habitats, but palatable butterflies were less commonly encountered in open habitats in the dry season. Polyphagous butterflies occurred infrequently in the dry season in laterite habitats, potentially indicating emigration or diapause patterns are linked to diet breadth. All species were present in all habitats, implying dispersal does not limit access to different habitat patches, consistent with the species‐sorting metacommunity concept. Nevertheless, butterfly occurrence was strongly influenced by the interaction of mobility and habitat type with sedentary species occurring less often in low‐resource open laterite patches than mobile species. Species sorting is typically regarded as occurring directly through environmental filters, but here the authors suggest that the environmental filter acts through movement limitations. Studies integrating landscape heterogeneity and species characteristics will help us better understand metacommunities and species distributions in nature.
Selection of Enzymatic Treatments for Upcycling Lentil Hulls into Ingredients Rich in Oligosaccharides and Free Phenolics

In this study, the comprehensive chemical characterization of red lentil hulls obtained from the industrial production of football and split lentils was described. The lentil hulls were rich in dietary fiber (78.43 g/100 g dry weight with an insoluble to soluble fiber ratio of 4:1) and polyphenols (49.3 mg GAE/g dry weight, of which 55% was bound phenolics), which revealed the suitability of this lentil by-product as a source of bioactive compounds with recognized antioxidant and prebiotic properties. The release of oligosaccharides and phenolic compounds was accomplished by enzymatic hydrolysis, microwave treatment and a combination of both technologies. The key role played by the selection of a suitable enzymatic preparation was highlighted to maximize the yield of bioactive compounds and the functional properties of the lentil hull hydrolysates. Out of seven commercial preparations, the one with the most potential for use in a commercial context was Pectinex® Ultra Tropical, which produced the highest yields of oligosaccharides (14 g/100 g lentil hull weight) and free phenolics (45.5 mg GAE/100 g lentil hull weight) and delivered a four-fold increase in terms of the original antioxidant activity. Finally, this enzyme was selected to analyze the effect of a microwave-assisted extraction pretreatment on the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis and the content of free phenolic compounds and oligosaccharides. The integrated microwave and enzymatic hydrolysis method, although it increased the solubilization yield of the lentil hulls (from 25% to 34%), it slightly decreased the content of oligosaccharides and proanthocyanidins and reduced the antioxidant activity. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysis treatment alone was more suitable for producing a lentil hull hydrolysate enriched in potential prebiotics and antioxidant compounds.
Electromagnetic scattering model of the Kelvin wake and turbulent wake by a moving ship

Taking the attenuation character of the Kelvin wake and the limitation of the traditional two-scale method into account, the practical electromagnetic (EM) scattering model of the Kelvin wake is obtained by using a facet-based model; and for a turbulent ship wake, it is produced by dealing with the wave energy loss rate due to turbulence with the width of turbulent wake closely following a moving ship. The volume scattering theory of foam or bubbles, by using the vector radiation transfer equation, is introduced to modify the traditional two-scale method, a special method for the EM scattering of a turbulent wake, which brings the scattering of ship wakes into better agreement with the real situation.
Point-based polygonal models for random graphs

We define a class of two-dimensional Markov random graphs with I, V, T and Y-shaped nodes (vertices). These are termed polygonal models. The construction extends our earlier work [1]– [5]. Most of the paper is concerned with consistent polygonal models which are both stationary and isotropic and which admit an alternative description in terms of the trajectories in space and time of a one-dimensional particle system with motion, birth, death and branching. Examples of computer simulations based on this description are given.
Climatological properties of summertime extra-tropical storm tracks in the Northern Hemisphere

This paper presents climatological properties of Northern Hemisphere summer extratropical storm tracks using data extracted from an existing, relative-vorticity-based storm database. This database was constructed using the NCEPNCAR ‘Reanalysis I’ data set from 1948 to 2002. Results contrasting summer and winter patterns for several storm parameters indicated general similarity at the largest scales, including the prominent track corridors of the middle latitude ocean regions and the mid-continental and east coast genesis zones. Variations between seasons generally consisted of differences in the strength and position of these major features. Several results underscored by this study are: summer storms have longer life-spans than their winter counterparts; the Atlantic track corridor in summer is more tightly confined over northern Europe, whereas in winter it is more diffuse; summertime Atlantic storms are found to be slightly weaker but more numerous than their Pacific counterparts; Pacific storm counts exhibit a large drop from winter to summer that is not observed in the Atlantic; and summer storms appear to be related to the summer NAM, PDO and NAO.
Breathers on a diatomic FPU chain

Existence of self-localized time-periodic vibrations (discrete breathers) is proved for alternating mass chains with anharmonic coupling and no external potential, provided the mass ratio is large enough. This result is significant because, except for special cases, previous proofs of existence of discrete breathers require the phonon spectrum to be a narrow band bounded away from zero (optic phonons), whereas this problem has also an acoustic band (frequencies arbitrarily close to zero). The method can be adapted to many other cases with both acoustic and optic phonons.
Persistent photoconductivity in Hf–In–Zn–O thin film transistors

Passivated Hf–In–Zn–O (HIZO) thin film transistors suffer from a negative threshold voltage shift under visible light stress due to persistent photoconductivity (PPC). Ionization of oxygen vacancy sites is identified as the origin of the PPC following observations of its temperature- and wavelength-dependence. This is further corroborated by the photoluminescence spectrum of the HIZO. We also show that the gate voltage can control the decay of PPC in the dark, giving rise to a memory action.
Entrainment and the structure of turbulent flow

Although the entrainment of non-turbulent fluid into a turbulent flow occurs across sharply defined boundaries, its rate is not determined solely by the turbulent motion adjacent to the interface but depends on overall properties of the flow, in particular, on those that control the energy balance. In the first place, attention is directed to the many observations which show that the motion in many turbulent shear flows has a structure closely resembling that produced by a rapid, finite, plane shearing of initially isotropic turbulence. The basic reasons for the similarity are the stability and permanence of turbulent eddies and the finite distortions undergone by fluid parcels in free turbulent flows. Next, the existence of eddy similarity and the condition of overall balance of energy are used to account for the variation of entrainment rates within groups of broadly similar flows, in particular mixing layers between streams of different velocities and wall jets on curved surfaces. For some flows which satisfy the ordinary conditions for self-preserving development, no entrainment rate is consistent with the energy balance and self-preserving development is not possible. Examples are the axisymmetric, small-deficit wake and the distorted wake. Finally, the implications of an entrainment rate controlled by the general motion are discussed. It is concluded that the relatively rapid entrainment in a plane wake depends on an active instability of the interface, not present in a constant-pressure boundary layer whose slow rate of entrainment is from ‘passive’ distortion of the bounding surface by eddies of the main turbulent motion. Available observations tend to support this conclusion.
Imaging depth expansion for optical coherence elastography with acoustic radiation force excitation

Optical coherence elastography (OCE) can quantify the tissue elasticity by measuring the velocities of elastic wave propagation in the tissue. Due to the high sensitivity and micron-level resolution, OCE is especially suitable for biomechanical property measurements of the ocular tissues. Usually, the external excited elastic wave is visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, the imaging depth of the OCE system is limited by the OCT system and the excitation depth of external force. In this study, we proposed a method extending the OCE imaging depth with an electrically tunable lens (ETL). The method was validated by detecting the propagation of elastic waves in the corneas and retinas of porcine eyes using an acoustic radiation force-based OCE system. Firstly, an acoustic simulation was taken for the ring ultrasound transducer. Secondly, a mathematical model of the ETL was established for dynamic control of the imaging depth. Thirdly, the optical simulation of the sample arm was performed to analyze the critical optical parameters and evaluating the imaging quality of the system. Also, the optimal working depth of the OCT system was discussed. Lastly, an OCE system with a ring ultrasound transducer and an ETL was built. The experimental results on ex vivo porcine eyes showed the imaging depth of the system was 22 mm. This method can extend the depth of elasticity detection and, thus, provides a powerful tool for non-invasive, high-resolution biomechanical analysis of the ocular tissues.
Developments in deep brain stimulation using time dependent magnetic fields

The effect of head model complexity upon the strength of field in different brain regions for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been investigated. Experimental measurements were used to verify the validity of magnetic field calculations and induced electric field calculations for three 3D human head models of varying complexity. Results show the inability for simplified head models to accurately determine the site of high fields that lead to neuronal stimulation and highlight the necessity for realistic head modeling for TMS applications.
Critical behaviour of the spherical model with enhanced surface exchange: two spherical fields

The local surface susceptibility chi 1,1(T) is calculated and analysed in detail for a ferromagnetic spherical model on a d-dimensional hypercubic half-space bounded by a free surface in which the exchange coupling, J(1+ Delta ) with Delta >0, is enhanced over the bulk value J. A separate spherical field for the free surfaces is introduced to ensure the proper behaviour of surface spins. In contrast with previous results and the results of the mean-field approximation, it is found that chi 1,1(T) is non-singular at all temperatures above the critical temperature when d<or=3.
Structural Basis of Cysteine Ligase MshC Inhibition by Cysteinyl-Sulfonamides

Mycothiol (MSH), the major cellular thiol in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), plays an essential role in the resistance of Mtb to various antibiotics and oxidative stresses. MshC catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-d-myo-inositol (GlcN-Ins) with l-cysteine (l-Cys) to form l-Cys-GlcN-Ins, the penultimate step in MSH biosynthesis. The inhibition of MshC is lethal to Mtb. In the present study, five new cysteinyl-sulfonamides were synthesized, and their binding affinity with MshC was evaluated using a thermal shift assay. Two of them bind the target with EC50 values of 219 and 231 µM. Crystal structures of full-length MshC in complex with these two compounds showed that they were bound in the catalytic site of MshC, inducing dramatic conformational changes of the catalytic site compared to the apo form. In particular, the observed closure of the KMSKS loop was not detected in the published cysteinyl-sulfamoyl adenosine-bound structure, the latter likely due to trypsin treatment. Despite the confirmed binding to MshC, the compounds did not suppress Mtb culture growth, which might be explained by the lack of adequate cellular uptake. Taken together, these novel cysteinyl-sulfonamide MshC inhibitors and newly reported full-length apo and ligand-bound MshC structures provide a promising starting point for the further development of novel anti-tubercular drugs targeting MshC.
A hierarchical weighted bandwidth guaranteed scheme for QoS management over EPON

As a promising solution for the next generation broadband access network, Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) are being designed to deliver multiple services and applications, such as voice communications, video conferencing, real-time transactions and new evolving bandwidth-consuming applications. To support these applications with their various requirements, Quality-of-Service (QoS) management over EPON is required. In this study, we present a novel scheduling scheme, hierarchical weighted bandwidth guaranteed (HWBG) scheme, which could effectively support QoS. Simulation results validate that the proposed scheme can achieve high efficiency and improve packet delay performance.
Problems and Solutions in 3-D Analysis of Phase Biological Objects by Optical Diffraction Tomography

Optical Diffraction Tomography is a technique for retrieving a 3-dimensional refractive index distribution from phase objects without destroying the structure of the samples. In the article we discuss the selection and implementation of full and limited angle version of tomographic reconstruction processes together with the analysis of different methods for gathering projections. We present two efficient implementations of full and limited angle tomographic systems including total processing paths and providing the examplary results of 3-D refractive index determination measurements of biological samples.
The 5G Cellular Downlink V2X Implementation Using V2N With Spatial Modulation

Fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) technology provides cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication. The 5G NR will utilize the existing uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) to furnish vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication via the cellular network. The new technology provides the enhanced throughput, edgeless connectivity, high reliability and the reduced latency for 5G DL V2X. With significantly reduced latency of NR, this paper shows that C-V2X can be implemented via 5G V2N communication. Spatial modulation is a good candidate to support unicast and groupcast for V2X services. We also discuss keyless security of 5G NR using physical layer security. The security of 5G NR can be implemented employing spatial modulation (SM) for unicast and groupcast in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications with multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channels.
A Generalization for Fourier Transforms of a Theorem due to Marcinkiewicz

It is shown that the maximal operator of the Marcinkiewicz means of a tempered distribution is bounded from Hp(R2) to Lp(R2) for all p0 < p ≤ ∞ and, consequently, is of weak type (1, 1), where p0 < 1. As a consequence we obtain a generalization for Fourier transforms of a summability result due to Marcinkiewicz and Zhizhiashvili, more exactly, the Marcinkiewicz means of a function f ∈ L1(R2) converge a.e. to the function in question. Moreover, we prove that the Marcinkiewicz means are uniformly bounded on the spaces Hp(R2) and so they converge in the norm (p0 < p < ∞). Similar results for the Riesz transforms are also given.
On the Existence and Uniqueness in Linear Thermoviscoelasticity

Es wird ein Anfangs‐Randwertproblem aus der Theorie der linearen Thermoviskoelastizität betrachtet. Nach Formulierung des zugeordneten Variationsproblems werden Existenz und Eindeutigkeit seiner Lösung in einem geeigneten funktionalanalytischen Rahmen studiert.
Statistical Measurements and Club Effects of High-Quality Development in Chinese Manufacturing

Advanced manufacturing is the pillar for building a modern economic system. We measured the level of high-quality development of manufacturing (HQDM) in China, and found that it has gone through the three stages of expansion, cultivation, and promotion. Spatially, it is characterized as “high in the east, low in the west” and “fast in the west, slow in the east”, and presents non-equilibrium characteristics. To overcome the subjective bias introduced by artificially set clubs, we utilize a data-driven nonlinear time-varying factor model for clustering into four convergent clubs, where provinces with higher intensity of environmental regulation and environmental preference tend to move closer to the clubs with a higher level of HQDM. We reveal the convergence patterns and regional differences in HQDM, which provides a new perspective for determining the trends of high-quality manufacturing development, thus allowing for policy recommendations targeted at narrowing the manufacturing development gap.
Low-Profile Wideband Dual-Polarized Dipole Antenna With Parasitic Strips and Posts

A low profile ±45°-polarized dipole antenna having an extremely wide bandwidth is proposed. Two crossed dipoles consisting of detached radiation arms are utilized as radiators and they are excited by dual simple striplines. Then several trapezoidal strips and four pairs of rectangular strips are utilized to improve the impedance matching over an exceedingly wide frequency band. For further improving the impedance and stabilizing the radiation pattern, four metallic posts are employed and located around the radiators. Another trapezoidal metal is finally added to the feed stripline of −45° polarization to improve the input impedance for −45° polarization. Our antenna has an extremely broad bandwidth of 80.4% (1.68–3.94 GHz) with VSWR < 1.5, isolation > 27 dB, and steady 3 dB beamwidth [half-power beamwidth (HPBW)] of 66° ± 8° in the operating band. The antenna has compact size of 0.32 λL × 0.32λL × 0.15 λL, where λL represents the wavelength at the lowest frequency of the operating band.
Distributed adaptive platooning control for platoons under DoS attacks

This paper deals with the distributed adaptive platooning control problem of autonomous vehicles connected via ad-hoc networks under Denial-of-Services (DoS) attacks. The vehicle platoon is composed of a leader vehicle and the following vehicles, each transmitting the information through the wireless channel. The wireless network is vulnerably attacked by DoS attacks, which will cause data packet loss and communication interrupt. This paper designed a distributed adaptive RBF sliding mode observer to solve this problem and proposed a fast recovery mechanism. Firstly, the detection method will detect whether the communication topology contains a spanning tree. If it contains, no action will be used. Otherwise, the link failure number will be counted. If the link failure number <k, the backup path will be activated, and the Randomized Routing Algorithm will be used to find an arc-disjoint spanning tree. Finally, if the link failure number ≥k, the system needs to use the onboard sensor to get the necessary information. Besides, numerical validations are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in maintaining platooning performance.
A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare Efficacy and Safety between Combination Therapy and Monotherapy in Elderly Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer (KCSG ST13-10)

Purpose This study evaluated whether combination therapy is more effective than monotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer (MRGC) as first-line chemotherapy. Materials and Methods Elderly (≥ 70 years) chemo-naïve patients with MRGC were allocated to receive either combination therapy (group A: 5-fluorouracil [5-FU]/oxaliplatin, capecitabine/oxaliplatin, capecitabine/cisplatin, or S-1/cisplatin) or monotherapy (group B: 5-FU, capecitabine, or S-1). In group A, starting doses were 80% of standard doses, and they could be escalated to 100% at the discretion of the investigator. Primary endpoint was to confirm superior overall survival (OS) of combination therapy vs. monotherapy. Results After 111 of the planned 238 patients were randomized, enrollment was terminated due to poor accrual. In the full-analysis population (group A [n=53] and group B [n=51]), median OS of combination therapy vs. monotherapy was 11.5 vs. 7.5 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 1.30; p=0.231). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.6 vs. 3.7 months (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.83; p=0.005). In subgroup analyses, patients aged 70–74 years tended to have superior OS with combination therapy (15.9 vs. 7.2 months, p=0.056). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred more frequently in group A vs. group B. However, among severe TRAEs (≥ grade 3), there were no TRAEs with a frequency difference of > 5%. Conclusion Combination therapy was associated with numerically improved OS, although statistically insignificant, and a significant PFS benefit compared with monotherapy. Although combination therapy showed more frequent TRAEs, there was no difference in the frequency of severe TRAEs.
Multi-Objective Load Balancing in Cloud Computing: A Meta-Heuristic Approach

Abstract Workload balancing in cloud computing continues to be a significant topic, notably within the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) paradigm. Site or web service being overcrowded or underloaded impairs the waiting times or culminates in a system malfunction, and it is indeed an issue that need not happen with cloud storage. To overcome such issues, a suitable access schedule should be devised, allowing the organization to spread work and overall resources available, a process known as load balancing. As a response, a unique multi-objective load balancing framework is presented in this research for optimum load balancing in the cloud. The suggested multi-objective load balancing paradigm considers power usage, bandwidth consumption, migration costs, memory usage, and load balancing parameters (Response time, Turnaround time, Server load). A novel hybrid optimization technique-Mouse Customized Golden Eagle Optimization (MCGEO) model is developed for optimal load balancing, which is conceptual combination of traditional Golden Eagle Optimizer (GEO) and Cat and Mouse-Based Optimizer (CMBO). Therefore, the newly developed hybrid optimization model improves convergence and addresses the optimization problems in load balancing. The proposed MCGEO achieved a throughput value of ∼281.6255, at 150 tasks for the cloud environment-2 this proves the superiority of the proposed approach.