Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bionic Piezoelectric Robotic Jellyfish With a Large Deformation Flexure Hinge

Jellyfish are one of the underwater creatures that have been imitated by underwater bionic robots, but a current challenge to create a bionic jellyfish is with the use of piezoelectric ceramic sheets as the driving element, due to their small output displacement. Here, a bionic robotic jellyfish with three tentacles is presented that is driven by three piezoelectric beams, and to transmit power, a large deformation composite flexure hinge is created which employs fishing line embedded in a 3-D-printed structure. In addition, the structure design and fabrication of the drive system are described. A dynamic model of the drive system is established to solve for the working mode, forced displacement responses, and swimming lift. A series of experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical analysis and validate the design of the robotic jellyfish. The proposed robotic jellyfish has a total mass of 29.4 g, tentacle spread of about 150 mm, and an overall height of 100 mm. The robotic jellyfish can exhibit swimming performance with drive frequencies of 0.7–1.1 Hz, and the best achieved swimming speed was 10 mm/s. These design, modeling, and fabrication methods may be beneficial and inspiring for the future development of the micro soft robot.
Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Imaging Using a Combination of Finite Difference Time Domain and Boundary Integral Equation Methods

A numerical method based on the combination of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) and boundary integral equation (BIE) methods is proposed and applied to the simulation of acoustic imaging. The sound field is divided into two domains; one is the small domain, which is solved by the FDTD method to include wave properties such as diffraction, and the other is the large domain, which is analyzed by the boundary integral equation method to obtain a response at the required point to avoid numerical dispersion error. The reflected waves from the targets are calculated by the Kirchhoff boundary integral equation method. Some numerical demonstrations are carried out for a two-dimensional sound fields in water. It is confirmed that the combination method causes very little numerical dispersion error and is suitable for the simulation of large scale acoustic imaging.
COMPANIONS OF CEPHEIDS

Oosterhoff has reported that the amplitude ratios A (B—V ) /A V and A(C7—B) / A F are abnormally small for the cepheids AW Persei and V Lacertae. He suggested that these abnormalities might be due to the presence of an early type companion. This suggestion has been verified spectroscopically in the case of AW Persei ; the K line, which characteristically has a very low central intensity in cepheids, is filled in, presumably by a hot companion. Recently Miañes has developed six-color criteria by which companions of cepheids may be detected. According to these criteria AW Persei should have a blue companion while V Lacertae should not. In addition Miañes found strong photometric evidence for duplicity in the case of RW Camelopardalis. Thus the U,B,V and six-color criteria are in only partial agreement and more information is desirable.
Diffusion via splitting and remeshing via merging in vortex methods

The technique of splitting a fat vortex element (with a core width larger than some threshold) into some thin ones in order to fix the convergence problem of the core‐spreading vortex methods is convenient and efficient. In particular, it keeps the method purely Lagrangian. In the present investigation, the splitting process is further viewed as part of the physical diffusion process. A new splitting method in which several weaker child vortices surround a thinned but still strong parent vortex is proposed. It is found that because of the survival of the parent vortex, the error arising from the splitting events can be largely reduced. The computational amount on the other hand is kept reasonably large by merging similar and close‐by vortices. The merging scheme designed herein not only involves fewer restrictions but also allows merging vortices of opposite rotations through the viewpoint of remeshing. The validity and accuracy of these techniques, proposed particularly for simulations undergoing lots of splitting and merging events, are verified by successfully simulating the interactions between two Burgers vortices under an external straining field. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PSSO: Political Squirrel Search Optimizer driven Deep learning for severity level detection and classification of Lung cancer

Lung cancer accounts for about 7.6 million deaths annually worldwide. Early identification of lung cancer is essential for reducing preventable deaths. In this paper, we developed a Political Squirrel Search Optimization (PSSO)-based deep learning scheme for efficacious lung cancer recognition and classification. We used Spine General Adversarial Network (Spine GAN) to segment lung lobe regions where a Deep Neuro Fuzzy Network (DNFN) classifier forecasts cancerous areas. A Deep Residual Network (DRN) is also used to determine the various cancer severity levels. The Political Optimizer (PO) and Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA) were combined to create the newly announced PSSO method. Experimental outcomes are assessed using the dataset of images from the Lung Image Database Consortium.
Generalized least squares F test in regression analysis with two-stage cluster samples

Abstract When data are obtained by two-stage cluster sampling, serious problems can arise if conventional methods that ignore the intracluster correlations are used. Wu, Holt, and Holmes showed that the standard F statistic in regression analysis leads to inflated type I error rate (or size) due to correlated errors in the regression model appropriate for clustered data. They proposed a simple correction to the standard F statistic that takes into account common intracluster correlation, p, and showed, through simulation, that the corrected F test performs much better than the standard F test in controlling the size for a scalar hypothesis. It also performed almost as well as an iterative generalized least squares (IGLS) F statistic for large values of ρ and better than the IGLS for small ρ in controlling the size. This article considers a two-step generalized least squares (GLS) F statistic by first estimating ρ, using the well-known method of fitting constants due to Henderson, and then substituting the.
Another evolutionary correction to the luminosity of giant galaxies

Isolated giant galaxies may accrete their dwarf companions, and those in clusters their neighbors, by the process of dynamical friction. The computed effect is of the opposite sign and similar magnitude to the luminosity change caused by normal stellar evolution. The process, which would cause an increase in $delta$M$sub 12$ (the magnitude difference between first and second brightest cluster galaxies) with time, may be visible in the tabulated data of Sandage and Hardy (1973). Cosmological investigations could compensate for the postulated effect, if fainter galaxies were used as well as first brightest cluster galaxies in the magnitude-redshift test. (AIP)
Simultaneous mRNA, protein, and immune-repertoire profiling of thousands of single cells

High-throughput single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has transformed our understanding of heterogenous immune populations. Advances in scRNA-seq, such as oligo-conjugated antibody technologies that enable protein expression profiling alongside mRNA, are expanding the range of molecules that can be profiled at the single cell level. Although sequencing the T-cell and B-cell immune repertoire can provide crucial insights into the complexities of the adaptive immune system, thus advancing discoveries in immunology and immune-oncology, the ability to extract this information from single cells requires new technology to profile regions of the mRNA missed by conventional 3′ scRNA-seq. Here we demonstrate a novel approach using the BD Rhapsody™ system to extract immune-repertoire information in addition to gene-expression information from the same cells. In a single workflow, we profiled a panel of 400 mRNA targets and 40 protein markers as well as the CDR3 region of T- and B-cell receptors in thousands of human PBMCs. After using the mRNA and protein information to robustly annotate different lymphocyte populations, we examined the T- and B-cell repertoires for differences in their clonal diversity. We were able to identify clonally expanded T cells and B cells and examine how their gene-expression profiles differ from that of non-expanded cells. This study demonstrates the power of combining mRNA, protein, and immune repertoire analysis at the single cell level to answer complex and important biological and clinical questions. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. BD, the BD Logo, and Rhapsody are trademarks of Becton, Dickinson and Company. © 2019 BD and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
Effects of Exercise and Omega-3-Supplemented, High-Protein Diet on Inflammatory Markers in Serum, on Gene Expression Levels in PBMC, and after Ex Vivo Whole-Blood LPS Stimulation in Old Adults

Inflammaging is related to cell senescence and reflects an erratic immune system, which promotes age-associated diseases. Exercise and nutrition, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, are able to affect inflammation. Therefore, we examined the effects of an 8-week exercise and dietary intervention on the inflammatory response in community-dwelling old adults. All participants received weekly vibration and home-based resistance exercise. Furthermore, participants were randomized to either a control, high-protein (1.2–1.5 g/kg), or high-protein, omega-3-enriched (2.2 g/day) diet. Before and after treatment, inflammatory markers in fasting serum and after whole-blood ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were assessed. Gene expression levels of inflammatory markers were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Sixty-one participants (age: 70.6 ± 4.7 years; 47% men) completed the study. According to generalized linear mixed models, a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet decreased circulating anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL-) 10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Sex-stratified analyses showed also significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers in men with a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet. Gene expression of IL-1RA was significantly reduced after both protein-enriched diets compared with controls. In comparison to a high-protein diet, exercise alone showed lower LPS-induced release of c-c motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2), which tended to be more pronounced in men compared with women. Eight weeks of a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet combined with exercise decreased circulating anti-inflammatory markers, and pro-inflammatory markers in men. A high-protein diet attenuated anti-inflammatory markers on gene expression level in PBMC. Exercise alone resulted in a lower pro-inflammatory response to LPS-exposure in whole-blood cultures.
Near-Field Beam Training in THz Communications: The Merits of Uniform Circular Array

As the line-of-sight propagation component is dominant in Terahertz (THz) channels, beam training is regarded as an efficient beamforming strategy for THz communications. In the Fresnel region, the near-field effect boosts the codebook size for the beam training since each near-field beam merely concentrates the radiation in a small area, rather than along a direction regardless of distance. In this letter, we propose to use the uniform circular array (UCA) in THz near-field communications, benefiting from its geometric advantage in beam training. Specifically, an explicit model is proposed for characterizing the beam pattern of UCA. Based on this model, we propose a codebook design for the near-field beam training, where the predefined training beams aim at covering the user’s area. Compared to the conventional uniform linear array (ULA), the UCA theoretically shows the advantage of reducing the codebook size in near-field communications. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the beam-shape model and show the merits of our proposed near-field codebook of UCA.
Zero-knowledge data validation method based on the homomorphic hash function in the distributed decentralized storage platform

The design of the Distributed Decentralized Storage Plat-form (DDSP) requires to develop an eﬃcient data validation method taking into account the network scalability issue, possibility to check data without knowledge of content and privacy protection of users data. DDSP is aimed at ensuring the availability and integrity of data. The aim of this research is to develop a zero-knowledge data validation method for the decentralized storage system for minimizing data transferring to maintain the network scalability and minimizing computational cost on the side of a storage node to maintain a large number of parallel interactions, and on the side of a validating node. The integrity guarantee is achieved due to the proposed data validation method based on the homomorphic hash function which allows to verify the integrity of data on a storage node without transferring real data to a validating party over the network. The computational complexity of validations depends linearly on the size of validated data and is well suited for parallelization.
Development of a Four-Tier Test with a Metacognitive Perspective Approach on the Topic of Newton's Laws

This research aimed to develop a learning evaluation instrument on Newton's Law Materials using a four-tier test with a metacognitive perspective to identify students' thinking abilities from metacognition and students' misconceptions. The research employed the RD (Research and Development) design with a 4-D development model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The instrument was constructed by developing twelve questions. There were ten valid and reliable questions with good quality parameters (difficulty level and differentiating power). The researchers analyzed the four-tier test instrument with a metacognitive perspective approach using item difficulty level analysis, item discriminatory analysis, test reliability analysis, and expert validity testing. This research involved 30 participants in the small-scale test and 250 participants in the large-scale trial. The test results showed that the ten questions could identify students' thinking abilities from the perspective of metacognition and misconceptions on Newton's Law material. The findings of the large-scale test showed that students' thinking skills were mapped into high, medium, and low categories. Students' misconceptions were also mapped on each indicator of the questions compiled. Based on the mapping result, the highest students' misconceptions were found in the aspect of the metacognitive experience, with an average of 76 percent of students experiencing misconceptions.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Polarization of Cardiac ILCs through Elabela

Elabela is a component of the apelinergic system and may exert a cardioprotective role by regulating the innate immune responses. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have a significant role in initiating and progressing immune-inflammatory responses. While ILCs have been intensively investigated during the last decade, little is known about their relationship with the apelinergic system and their cardiac diversity in a gender-based paradigm. In this study, we investigated the polarization of cardiac ILCs by Elabela in males versus females in a mouse model. Using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analyses, we showed a potential interplay between Elabela and cardiac ILCs and whether such interactions depend on sexual dimorphism. Our findings showed, for the first time, that Elabela is expressed by cardiac ILCs, and its expression is higher in females’ ILC class 3 (ILC3s) compared to males. Females had higher frequencies of ILC1s, and Elabela was able to suppress T-cell activation and the expression of co-stimulatory CD28 in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay (MLR). In conclusion, our results suggest, for the first time, a protective role for Elabela through its interplay with ILCs and that it can be used as an immunotherapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders in a gender-based fashion.
Antimicrobial activity and phenolic composition of varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. with red and white calyces

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activities (ABAC) of white calyces varieties (WCV) of Hibiscus sabdariffa L has not been explored in depth. The aims of the study were to determine the ABAC of WCV and the relationship of phenolic composition with ABAC. Four experimental WCV (W1, W2, W3, and W4), and one with red calyces (RCV) were used. The ABAC of ethanol extracts were tested against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. WCV showed higher ABAC than RCV, and it was associated to flavonoid content which was 60% higher in WCV with respect to RCV. The free phenolic content of W1, W2, and W4 varieties was 50% higher than that observed in RCV and W3 varieties. The standardized abundance of N-feruloyltiramine and quercetin in the extracts of WCV was related with their highest ABAC. WCV are a promising source of phenolic compounds with high ABAC.
On the General Sum Distance Spectra of Digraphs

Let G be a strongly connected digraph, and dG(vi,vj) denote the distance from the vertex vi to vertex vj and be defined as the length of the shortest directed path from vi to vj in G. The sum distance between vertices vi and vj in G is defined as sdG(vi,vj)=dG(vi,vj)+dG(vj,vi). The sum distance matrix of G is the n×n matrix SD(G)=(sdG(vi,vj))vi,vj∈V(G). For vertex vi∈V(G), the sum transmission of vi in G, denoted by STG(vi) or STi, is the row sum of the sum distance matrix SD(G) corresponding to vertex vi. Let ST(G)=diag(ST1,ST2,…,STn) be the diagonal matrix with the vertex sum transmissions of G in the diagonal and zeroes elsewhere. For any real number 0≤α≤1, the general sum distance matrix of G is defined asSDα(G)=αST(G)+(1−α)SD(G). The eigenvalues of SDα(G) are called the general sum distance eigenvalues of G, the spectral radius of SDα(G), i.e., the largest eigenvalue of SDα(G), is called the general sum distance spectral radius of G, denoted by μα(G). In this paper, we first give some spectral properties of SDα(G). We also characterize the digraph minimizes the general sum distance spectral radius among all strongly connected r-partite digraphs. Moreover, for digraphs that are not sum transmission regular, we give a lower bound on the difference between the maximum vertex sum transmission and the general sum distance spectral radius.
Bogs, bones and bodies: the deposition of human remains in northern European mires (9000 BC–AD 1900)

Abstract Bog body studies have focused on rich individual biographies, largely neglecting broader spatial and temporal trends. Here, the authors present the first large-scale overview of well-dated human remains from northern European mires, based on a database of 266 sites and more than 1000 bog mummies, bog skeletons and disarticulated/partial skeletal remains. Analysis demonstrates fluctuating depositions of human remains between the Early Neolithic and early modern times, significant and shifting spatial clustering, and variation in site characteristics (e.g. preservation, use frequency, cause of death). The results emphasise previously unrecognised activity phases and highlight issues with categorising motives, especially around ritual violence.
MODELLING QUENCH SENSITIVITY OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

Quench sensitivity of heat-treatable aluminium alloys is closely related to the precipitation process taking place during quenching. Faster cooling results in less precipitation of coarse phases during cooling, leaving more solutes in the solution before ageing. An alloy in such state would be of greater hardening potential as larger amounts of hardening phases may precipitate out during ageing. Hence, to understand the quench sensitivity of an alloy, it is essential to understand its precipitation process. Precipitation is a diffusion-controlled process and the diffusion is made complicated by the so-called quenched-in vacancies. These vacancies form during solution treatment, become “excess” when temperature goes down, and annihilate during the following cooling and ageing treatments, making diffusion now a function of both temperature and time. This paper first investigates the formation and annihilation of quenched-in vacancies and their effect on diffusion. The diffusion affected by quenched-in vacancies is considered in the kinetic models to realise the calculation of TTT/CCT diagrams for aluminium alloys. The calculated CCT diagrams have been used to explain the observed quench sensitivity and age hardening behaviour of various commercial alloys. The transformation from GP zones to other hardening phases during ageing is also discussed.
Model selection with bootstrap validation

Model selection is one of the most central tasks in supervised learning. Validation set methods are the standard way to accomplish this task: models are trained on training data, and the model with the smallest loss on the validation data is selected. However, it is generally not obvious how much validation data is required to make a reliable selection, which is essential when labeled data are scarce or expensive. We propose a bootstrap‐based algorithm, bootstrap validation (BSV), that uses the bootstrap to adjust the validation set size and to find the best‐performing model within a tolerance parameter specified by the user. We find that BSV works well in practice and can be used as a drop‐in replacement for validation set methods or k‐fold cross‐validation. The main advantage of BSV is that less validation data is typically needed, so more data can be used to train the model, resulting in better approximations and efficient use of validation data.
Very low-energy total cross sections and the experimental scattering length for the positron–xenon system

We report total cross-section (TCS) results for low-energy positron scattering from the noble gas xenon. A comparison with previous measurements shows a good level of accord with the recent results of the ANU group (2011 New J. Phys. 13 125004). Very good qualitative agreement is also found with the convergent close-coupling (CCC) calculation of Fursa and Bray (2012 New J. Phys. 14 035002) over most of the common energies. By using the shape of the CCC results as a guide, we also extrapolate our measured cross sections to very low energy. With the aid of the CCC theory, we therefore derive the first experimental estimate for the positron–xenon scattering length of a = −99.2 ± 18.4 au. This value is found to be consistent with the CCC-based estimate and also with those of some other theories. This result supports the existence of a positron–xenon virtual state at a positron energy ε = (1.4 ± 0.6) × 10−3 eV.