Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Southward Displacement of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre Circulation System During North Atlantic Cold Spells

During times of deglacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) perturbations, the tropical Atlantic experienced considerable warming at subsurface levels. Coupled ocean‐atmosphere simulations corroborate the tight teleconnection between the tropical Atlantic and climate change at high northern latitudes but still underestimate the relevance of the subsurface North Atlantic subtropical gyre (STG) for heat and salt storage and its sensitivity to rapid climatic change. We here reconstruct vertical and lateral temperature and salinity gradients in the tropical west Atlantic and the Caribbean over the last 30 kyr, based on planktic deep and shallow dwelling foraminiferal Mg/Ca and δ18O records. The rapid and large‐amplitude subsurface changes illustrate a dynamic STG associated with abrupt shifts of North Atlantic hydrographic and atmospheric regimes. During full glacial conditions, the STG has been shifted southward while intensified Ekman downwelling associated to strengthened trade winds fostered the formation of warm and saline salinity maximum water (SMW). The southward propagation of SMW was facilitated by the glacially eastward deflected North Brazil Current. During periods of significant AMOC perturbations (Heinrich Stadials 1 and the Younger Dryas), extreme subsurface warming by ~6 °C led to diminished lateral subsurface temperature gradients. Coevally, a deep thermocline suggests that SMW fully occupied the subsurface tropical west Atlantic and that the STG reached its southernmost position. During the Holocene, modern‐like conditions gradually developed with the northward retreat of SMW and the development of a strong thermocline ridge between the Subtropical Gyre and the tropical west Atlantic.
Packet-Based Modeling of Reed–Solomon Block-Coded Correlated Fading Channels Via a Markov Finite Queue Model

We consider the transmission of a Reed-Solomon (RS) code over a binary modulated time-correlated flat Rician fading channel with hard-decision demodulation. We define a binary packet (symbol) error sequence that indicates whether an RS symbol is successfully transmitted across the discrete (fading) channel whose input enters the modulator and whose output exits the demodulator. We then approximate the packet error sequence of the discrete channel (DC) using the recently developed queue-based channel (QBC), which is a simple finite-state Markov channel model with Mth-order Markovian additive noise. In other words, we use the QBC to model the binary DC at the packet level. We propose a general framework for determining the probability of codeword error (PCE) for QBC models. We evaluate the modeling accuracy by comparing the simulated PCE for the DC with the numerically evaluated PCE for the QBC. Modeling results identify accurate low-order QBC models for a wide range of fading conditions and reveal that modeling the DC at the packet level is an efficient tool for nonbinary coding performance evaluation over binary channels with memory.
An Off-axis Pole Focusing Method for Robust DOA Estimation in Multi-source Environments

An off-axis pole focusing method for robust direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is presented in this paper. The roots (poles) of the root-MUSIC polynomial are generally evaluat ed over the unit circle in the z-domain. The DOAs can be computed from these poles using a simple geometric relation. Rather t han computing the root-MUSIC polynomial over the unit circle, it can be estimated inside the unit circle at different radii. Such an off-axis estimation method along with averaging shows hi gher robustness in reverberant environments where the roots (po les) are displaced due to the effects of multipath. This robustne ss is result of the estimated poles migrating toward unit circle due to off-axis search. Experiments on source localization are co nducted to evaluate the proposed method. The robustness of the propo sed method under reverberation is illustrated using DOA confidence interval (CI) plots. Experiments on distant speech recogni t on are conducted under reverberant conditions on the subset of spatialized version of TIMIT (S-TIMIT) and MONC databases. The experimental results obtained for both source localiza tion and distant speech recognition indicate a reasonable impro vement over conventional sub-space and correlation based methods .
CONTEXTUAL CUES : AIDING WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA COLLABORATIVE LEARNING

Psychological theories state that an increase in contextual overlap between the original learning situation and review should result in an easier recall methodology. We propose a system which uses the contextual cues of relative timing of the presentation of key points detected during a traditional learning class by mobile phones that learners hold. Cut-down versions of learning material are stored on mobile devices present at the location of the lecture; a choice made from observations of increasing consumer demand for shorter and shorter ‘chunks’ of information. The proposed system is implicitly linked with an online community system, accessible from the mobile devices, where learners can use the cues to more easily search for, revise, collaborate on and recall difficult learning material using the multimedia capabilities of their phones.
Trust Violation and Recovery Dynamics in the Context of Differential Supervisor-Subordinate Relationships: A Study of Public Service Employees

This article explores the process of trust violation and repair in differential supervisor-subordinate relationships by using systematic grounded theory techniques. The study aims to discover and categorize the types of trust violations that occur in high-quality versus low-quality supervisor-subordinate relationships, and to develop a theory of how these different types of violations are processed in both groups. One type of trust violation identified (unquestioning loyalty to maintain in-group status) in high-quality relationships, and two types of trust violations in low-quality relationships: (1) a follower’s unmet legitimate expectations, and (2) abuse of power. Rebuilding trust in high-quality relationships involves a two-stage process whereby the supervisor acknowledges a trust deficit, and re-establishes trust by taking substantive steps to provide additional support and attention to address subordinates’ concerns. In low-quality relationships, subordinates permanently lower their trust levels or even indulge in behaviors that remove chances of ever recreating trust. The findings add to the existing literature, and emphasize the need to study the issue of supervisor integrity and follower reactions in a non-United States context
The role of organisational values in value creation: comparing social enterprises

Social enterprises (SEs) are businesses that aim to create positive change for individuals and society. They are part of a society-wide discussion over how to create ‘social’ value, where the focus is often on finding efficient and effective means of ‘doing good’, but without consistent recognition that ‘good’ is a subjective term. Critical scholarship directs us to pay more attention to this subjectivity. This study explored how beliefs about what is ‘good’ - i.e. values - influence the experiences SEs provide for the people they aim to benefit. The mixed methods exploratory study drew on data from an online survey of SE organisational values and case-situated interviews across 14 English SEs. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered on organisational values, decision-making and perceptions of value. The multi-faceted analysis approach reflected the influence of applied critical realism on the research design. The study found that certain ‘process’ values - i.e. beliefs about how SEs should operate - were surprisingly common across diverse cases. Coalescing around these values appeared to allow SE practitioners to downplay variation in ‘outcomes’ values - i.e. end-state preferences. While many SE practitioners described their preferences as common sense, clear differences in outcomes values belied claims of neutrality. These findings were used to posit a five point conceptual model of how values influence value creation. This academic contribution underpins two propositions with implications for policy and practice. Where values are instrumental in influencing the design and emphasis of activities carried out by SEs, the political implications of adopting different outcomes values should be more commonly recognised. Secondly, SEs should be aware that for the full translation of their intentions into perceptions of value creation, their activities must align with stakeholder expectations. Both participative and persuasive approaches to bringing about this alignment also carry with them politically significant choices.
An invariance property of the generalized coherence estimate

The distribution of the M-channel generalized coherence estimate is shown not to depend on the statistical behavior of the data on one channel, provided that the other M-1 channels contain only white Gaussian noise, and an channels are independent. This confirms a previously published conjecture and extends the utility of the GC estimate as a detection statistic to include active as well as passive scenarios.
The Role of Similarity in e-Commerce Interactions: The Case of Online Shopping Assistants

This research proposes that technological artifacts are perceived as social actors, and that users can make personality and behavioral attributions towards them. These formed perceptions interact with the user’s own characteristics in the form of an evaluation of similarity. Using an automated shopping assistant, the study investigates the effects of two types of perceived similarity on a number of dependent variables. The results show that both, perceived personality similarity, as well as perceived behavioral similarity, between the user and the decision aid positively affect users’ evaluations of the technological artifact. Furthermore, the study investigates the role of design characteristics in forming social perceptions about the shopping assistant. The results indicate that design characteristics, namely content, can be used to manifest desired personalities and behaviors, allowing us to compute measures of “actual” similarity, which were found to predict perceived similarity.
0.5 THz integrated antipodal curvilinearly tapered slot antenna with circular polarization

A novel 0.5THz integrated antipodal curvilinearly tapered slot antenna(ACTSA) with circular polarization is introduced in this paper. The proposed antenna is fed by traditional waveguide and circular polarization is achieved by antipodal curvilinearly tapered slot structure. The antenna structure is well suitable designed by Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The proposed antenna is simulated and optimized by Finite Element Method. The simulation results show the antenna has a good performance, including impedance bandwidth (-20dB) of >20%, gain of >11.5dBi, axial ratio bandwidth of 12%, HPBW of 52° and 44° at φ=0° and φ=90°, SLL of -22.1dB and -13.4dB at φ=0° and φ=90°. Cross-polarization level is less than -20.5dB and front-back-ratio is 26.5dB.
Geometric Construction of Time Optimal Trajectories for Differential Drive Robots

We consider a differential drive mobile robot: two unsteered coaxial wheels are independently actuated. Each wheel has bounded velocity, but no bound on torque or acceleration. Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle gives an elegant description of theextremaltrajectories, which are a superset of the time optimal trajectories. Further analysis gives an enumeration of the time optimal trajectories, and methods for identifying the time optimal trajectories between any two configurations. This paper recapitulates and refines the results of [1] and [2] and presents a simple graphical technique for constructing time optimal trajectories.
Design and implementation of a three-phase voltage-doubler soft-switching rectifier

A novel four main switches and four auxiliary switches power converter configuration of the three-phase voltage-doubler soft-switching rectifier is proposed in this paper. The reduction in the number of main switches can also increase the reliability because the control circuits and the auxiliary circuits are thereby reduced to two sets. All main switches in the proposed rectifier operate at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on. Also, the auxiliary switches operate at zero-current-switching (ZCS) turn-on and turn-off. Furthermore, the proposed rectifier achieves unity power factor, sinusoidal input currents, adjustable output voltage and bidirectional power flow capability. Some experimental results of the proposed soft-switching rectifier are presented for verification.
Use of Historical Data to Assess Regional Climate Change

Time series of historical annual average temperature, total precipitation, and extreme weather indices were constructed and analyzed for 103 (for temperature indices) and 115 (for precipitation indices) U.S. cities with climate records starting earlier than 1900. Mean rate of change and related 95% confidence bounds were calculated for each city using linear regression for the full periods of record. Box–Cox transformations of some time series of climate records were performed to address issues of non-normal distribution. Thirteen cities among the nine U.S. climate regions were selected and further evaluated with adequacy diagnoses and analyses for each month. The results show that many U.S. cities exhibit long-term historical increases in annual average temperature and precipitation, although there are spatial and temporal variations in the observed trends among the cities. Some cities in the Ohio Valley and Southeast regions exhibit decreasing or statistically nonsignificant increasing trends in temperatures. Many of the cities exhibiting statistically significant increases in precipitation are in the Northeast and Upper Midwest regions. The records for the cities are individually unique in both annual and monthly change, and cities within the same climate region sometimes exhibit substantially different changes. Within the full periods of record, discernible decade-long subtrends were observed for some cities; consequently, analysis of selected shorter periods can lead to inconclusive and biased results. These statistical analyses of constructed time series of city-specific long-term historical climate records provide detailed historical climate change information for cities across the United States.
How to systematically classify computer security intrusions

This paper presents a classification of intrusions with respect to the technique as well the result. The taxonomy is intended to be a step on the road to an established taxonomy of intrusions for use in incident reporting, statistics, warning bulletins, intrusion detection systems etc. Unlike previous schemes, it takes the viewpoint of the system owner and should therefore be suitable to a wider community than that of system developers and vendors only. It is based on data from a realistic intrusion experiment, a fact that supports the practical applicability of the scheme. The paper also discusses general aspects of classification, and introduces a concept called dimension. After having made a broad survey of previous work in the field, we decided to base our classification of intrusion techniques on a scheme proposed by Neumann and Parker (1989) and to further refine relevant parts of their scheme. Our classification of intrusion results is derived from the traditional three aspects of computer security: confidentiality, availability and integrity.
Process reassignment with reduced migration cost in grid load rebalancing

We study the load rebalancing problem in a heterogeneous grid environment that supports process migration. Given an initial assignment of tasks to machines, the problem consists of finding a process reassignment that achieves a desired better level of load balance with minimum reassignment (process migration) cost. Most previous algorithms for related problems aim mainly at improving the balance level (or makespan) with no explicit concern for the reassignment cost. We propose a heuristic which is based on local search and several optimizing techniques which include the guided local search strategy and the multi-level local search. The searching integrates both the change of workload and the migration cost introduced by a process movement into the movement selection, and enables a good tradeoff between low-cost movements and the improving balance level. Evaluations show that the proposed heuristic can find a solution with much lower migration cost for achieving the same balance level than previous greedy or local search algorithms for a range of problem cases.
Exploring the expanding Universe and dark energy using the statefinder diagnostic

The coming few years are likely to witness a dramatic increase in high-quality supernova data as current surveys add more high-redshift supernovae to their inventory and as newer and deeper supernova experiments become operational. Given the current variety in dark energy models and the expected improvement in observational data, an accurate and versatile diagnostic of dark energy is the need of the hour. This paper examines the statefinder diagnostic in the light of the proposed SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) satellite, which is expected to observe about 2000 supernovae per year. We show that the statefinder is versatile enough to differentiate between dark energy models as varied as the cosmological constant on one hand, and quintessence, the Chaplygin gas and braneworld models, on the other. Using SNAP data, the statefinder can distinguish a cosmological constant (w = -1) from quintessence models with w ≥ -0.9 and Chaplygin gas models with κ ≤ 15 at the 3a level if the value of Ω m is known exactly. The statefinder gives reasonable results even when the value of Ω m is known to only ∼20 per cent accuracy. In this case, marginalizing over Ω m and assuming a fiducial A-cold dark matter (LCDM) model allows us to rule out quintessence with w ≥ -0.85 and the Chaplygin gas with κ ≤ 7 (both at 3σ). These constraints can be made even tighter if we use the statefinders in conjunction with the deceleration parameter. The statefinder is very sensitive to the total pressure exerted by all forms of matter and radiation in the Universe. It can therefore differentiate between dark energy models at moderately high redshifts of z ≤ 10.
Substation remote infrared image registration based on multi-scale Harris corner and hierarchical guiding match strategy

The sequence remote infrared images acquired from the intelligent substation monitoring system existed position deviation. The deviated images need to be registered in order to ensure the system accurately locating and monitoring the interested equipment. This paper has proposed a substation remote infrared image registration method based on multi-scale Harris corner and hierarchical guiding match strategy. Firstly, multi-scale Harris corners are detected in each layer of the image pyramid, and using an interpolation location approach to improve the accuracy of the corner position. Further, the corners are refined to make them well-distributed in the image space. In the matching stage, adopting different registration method in different layers to fulfill a coarse to fine registration. And the initial registration result in upper layer is transferred to the lower layer to guide the new corner matching. This matching approach greatly improves the efficiency. The final experiment indicates that our method has acquired high registration accuracy and short time and good stability, all controlled within 6~7 seconds. The algorithm can be applied to the actual system.
Convergence of the largest singular value of a polynomial in independent Wigner matrices

For polynomials in independent Wigner matrices, we prove convergence of the largest singular value to the operator norm of the corresponding polynomial in free semicircular variables, under fourth moment hypotheses. We actually prove a more general result of the form "no eigenvalues outside the support of the limiting eigenvalue distribution. " We build on ideas of Haagerup-Schultz-Thorbj{\o}rnsen on the one hand and Bai-Silverstein on the other. We refine the linearization trick so as to preserve self-adjointness and we develop a secondary trick bearing on the calculation of correction terms. Instead of Poincar\'{e}-type inequalities, we use a variety of matrix identities and $L^p$ estimates. The Schwinger-Dyson equation controls much of the analysis.
An all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL)-based clock recovery circuit

A new algorithm for all-digital phase-locked loops (ADPLL) with fast acquisition and large pulling range is presented in this paper. Based on the proposed algorithm, portable cell-based implementations for clock recovery with functions of a frequency synthesizer and on-chip clock generator are completed by standard cell. These modules have been designed and verified on a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Test results are summarized as follows: 1) the proposed ADPLL can satisfy full locked bandwidth and fast acquisition within one data transition; 2) the on-chip clock generator can generate any target clock rate f/sub clock/; and 3) the function of nonreturn-to-zero clock recovery has a maximum f/sub clock//4 recovering capability with a locking range of (/spl tau//sub input//spl plusmn//spl tau//sub input//2)) where /spl tau//sub input/ is the input period.
Lewisy Promotes Migration of Oral Cancer Cells by Glycosylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Aberrant glycosylation changes normal cellular functions and represents a specific hallmark of cancer. Lewisy (Ley) carbohydrate upregulation has been reported in a variety of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A high level of Ley expression is related to poor prognosis in patients with oral cancer. However, it is unclear how Ley mediates oral cancer progression. In this study, the role of Ley in the malignancy of OSCC was explored. Our data showed that Ley was upregulated in HSC‐3 and OC‐2 OSCC cell lines, Particularly, glycosylated of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with Ley was found in OC‐2 cells, and this modification was absent upon inhibition of Ley synthesis. The absence of Ley glycosylation of EGFR weakened phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). Additionally, EGF‐triggered cell migration was reduced, but cell proliferation was not affected. Ley modification stabilized EGFR upon ligand activation. Conversely, absence of Ley glycosylation accelerated EGFR degradation. In summary, these results indicated that upregulation of Ley in OSCC cells promotes cell migration by modification of EGFR, which stabilizes EGFR expression and downstream signaling. This finding suggests that Ley plays a role in OSCC progression and should be investigated as a potential therapeutic target.