Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic histone H1 in pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in patients with IPAH

The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is poorly understood. This paper utilized histology-based Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI MS) to identify as-yet unknown proteins that may be associated with the structural changes in the pulmonary arterial walls of patients with IPAH. The technology identified significant increases in two fragments of histone H1 in the IPAH cases compared to controls. This finding was further examined using immunofluorescence techniques applied to sections from IPAH and control pulmonary arteries. In addition, cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were utilized for Western analysis of histone H1 and importin β and importin 7, immunoprecipitation and assessment of nucleosomal repeat length (NRL). Immunofluorescence techniques revealed that nuclear expression of histone H1 was decreased and the chromatin was less compact in the IPAH cases than in the controls; furthermore, some cases showed a marked increase in cytoplasmic histone H1 expression. Using nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of cultured PASMCs, we confirmed the reduction in histone H1 in the nucleus and an increase in the cytoplasm in IPAH cells compared to controls. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated a decreased association of histone H1 with importin β while importin 7 was unchanged in the IPAH cells compared to controls. The assessment of NRL revealed that the distance between nucleosomes was increased by ∼20 bp in IPAH compared to controls. We conclude that at least two factors contribute to the reduction in nuclear histone H1—fragmentation of the protein and decreased import of histone H1 into the nucleus by importins. We further suggest that the decreased nuclear H1 contributes the less compact nucleosomal pattern in IPAH and this, in turn, contributes to the increase in NRL.
Hunting the Red Fox Online: Understanding and Detection of Mass Redirect-Script Injections

Compromised websites that redirect web traffic to malicious hosts play a critical role in organized web crimes, serving as doorways to all kinds of malicious web activities (e.g., drive-by downloads, phishing etc.). They are also among the most elusive components of a malicious web infrastructure and extremely difficult to hunt down, due to the simplicity of redirect operations, which also happen on legitimate sites, and extensive use of cloaking techniques. Making the detection even more challenging is the recent trend of injecting redirect scripts into JavaScript (JS) files, as those files are not indexed by search engines and their infections are therefore more difficult to catch. In our research, we look at the problem from a unique angle: the adversary's strategy and constraints for deploying redirect scripts quickly and stealthily. Specifically, we found that such scripts are often blindly injected into both JS and HTML files for a rapid deployment, changes to the infected JS files are often made minimum to evade detection and also many JS files are actually JS libraries (JS-libs) whose uninfected versions are publicly available. Based upon those observations, we developed JsRED, a new technique for the automatic detection of unknown redirect-script injections. Our approach analyzes the difference between a suspicious JS-lib file and its clean counterpart to identify malicious redirect scripts and further searches for similar scripts in other JS and HTML files. This simple, lightweight approach is found to work effectively against redirect injection campaigns: our evaluation shows that JsRED captured most of compromised websites with almost no false positives, significantly outperforming a commercial detection service in terms of finding unknown JS infections. Based upon the compromised websites reported by JsRED, we further conducted a measurement study that reveals interesting features of redirect payloads and a new Peer-to-Peer network the adversary constructed to evade detection.
Enumerative geometry for real varieties

We discuss the problem of whether a given problem in enumerative geometry can have all of its solutions be real. In particular, we describe an approach to problems of this type, and show how this can be used to show some enumerative problems involving the Schubert calculus on Grassmannians may have all of their solutions be real. We conclude by describing the work of Fulton and Ronga-Tognoli-Vust, who (independently) showed that there are 5 real plane conics such that each of the 3264 conics tangent to all five are real.
Through-Silicon-Via resistive-open defect analysis

Three-dimensional (3D) integration is a fast emerging technology that offers integration of high density, fast performance and heterogeneous circuits in a small footprint. Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) enable 3D integration by providing fast performance and short interconnects among tiers. However, they are also susceptible to defects that occur during manufacturing steps and cause crucial reliability issues. In this paper, we perform an analysis of resistive-open defects (ROD) on TSVs considering coupling effects (i.e. inductive and capacitive) and a wide frequency spectrum. Our experiments show that both substrate coupling and switching frequency can have a significant impact on weak open TSV behavior.
Know thy user: Designing human-robot interaction paradigms for multi-robot manipulation

This paper tackles the problem of designing an effective user interface for a multi-robot delivery system, composed of robots with wheeled bases and two 3 DOF arms. There are several proven paradigms for increasing the efficacy of human-robot interaction: 1) multimodal interfaces in which the user controls the robots using voice and gesture; 2) configurable interfaces which allow the user to create new commands by demonstrating them; 3) adaptive interfaces which reduce the operator's workload as necessary through increasing robot autonomy. Here we study the relative benefits of configurable vs. adaptive interfaces for multi-robot manipulation. User expertise was measured along three axes (navigation, manipulation, and coordination), and users who performed above threshold on two out of three dimensions on a calibration task were rated as expert. Our experiments reveal that the relative expertise of the user was the key determinant of the best performing interface paradigm for that user, indicating that good user modeling is essential for designing a human-robot interaction system meant to be used for an extended period of time.
SREBPs: SREBP function in glia–neuron interactions

The mammalian nervous system is relatively autonomous in lipid metabolism. In particular, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the central nervous system, are highly active in lipid synthesis. Previously, enzymatic lipid synthesis in the liver has been demonstrated to be under the control of the sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors. Here, we put forward the view that SREBP transcription factors in glia cells control the synthesis of lipids involved in various glia–neuron interactions, thereby affecting a range of neuronal functions. This minireview compiles current knowledge on the involvement of Schwann cell SREBPs in myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system, and proposes a role for astrocyte SREBPs in neuronal functioning in the central nervous system.
Localization in the Cell and Extraction of Alkaline Phosphatase from Bacillus subtilis

Study of protoplasts, lysed protoplasts, and cells treated with lysozyme in the absence of osmotic stabilizer suggested that the alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.) of Bacillus subtilis is located in the protoplasmic membrane. Cytochemical evidence in support of this view is presented. The enzyme protein was strongly bound to the membrane structure and could not be solubilized by a number of treatments known to release enzymes from membranes and other lipoprotein structures. Alkaline phosphatase was, however, solubilized by treatment of intact B. subtilis cells or isolated protoplasmic membranes with strong salt solutions at pH 7.2, suggesting that electrostatic forces are responsible for the association between membrane and enzyme protein. Dialysis of alkaline phosphatase solutions against buffer of low ionic strength resulted in precipitation of the enzyme.
Adapting packet fair queueing algorithms to wireless networks

Parames~varan Ramana.tllan Pratbinla t\graIval Dept. of Elect. & Comp. Engr. I[)ter]~et. ArcIl. Research Lab University of Wisconsin Bellcore, hIorristotvn Nladison, WI 53706 Ne\v . Jersey 07960. parmesll! @ece. \visc.edu pagra~val(~bellcore. com Bit errors are fairly common during transmission in a wireless network. As a result, a straight-forwarcl application of existing packet fair queueing (PFQ) algorithms from wireIine to wireless networks results in an ine~cient use of ~he Kmited wireless bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a simple approach for adapting the existing PFQ algorithms for the wire]ine networks to provide the same kind of long-term fairness guarantees while making efficient use of the wireless bandwidth. In the proposed approach, long-term fairness guarantees are provided by supplementing the bandwidth given to sessions which have not received satisfactory service in the short -term due to poor quahty of their wireless channel. To efficiently keep track of the amount of supplemental bandwidth for each session, the paper introduces the concept of a long-term fairness server. This concept. also allows one to easily integrate the proposed approach with any of the existing PFQ algorithms.
The Need for Practical Regulation of Developing Commercial Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology began as a theoretical concept in 1959 in a talk by Nobel physicist Richard Feynman. By the 1980s the theory of nanotechnology became more of a fact when new microscopes were developed allowing scientists to see nanometers, down to one-billionth of a meter (Brown, 2008). Commercial development of nanotechnology has expanded significantly as can be seen by the fact that between March 2006 and August 2008 the total number of consumer nanotechnology based products manufactured in the US rose from 125 to 426. In Asia the increase has been from less than 40 products to 227 in the same time period (Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 2009). A trip through Google with the search term “nanotechnology development” reveals approximately 5,320,000 different web sites (Google.com, 2009). It is submitted that nanotechnology is a rapidly growing phenomena that has had and will have profound impact on man and the environment. Some of the impact will be good, especially in the new consumer products becoming available in all kinds of areas from new roofing insulation materials to new, incredible medical devices (McConachie, 2008). It is anticipated and predicted that this same nanotechnology development without regulation to protect the environment, health and safety (EHS) will result in profound and disturbing harm to man and the environment (Renn & Roco, 2006). The purpose of this chapter is to identify nanotechnology regulation that exists, present the rationale for maintaining status quo ante as well as for the promulgation of regulation promulgation of further regulation and, with an understanding of what the risks are likely to be, suggest that because there is now no binding regulation of nanotechnology mankind needs to take appropriate action before the EHS goes through its 9/11 event.
Record keeping in two types of relationships.

On the basis of a distinction between communal and exchange relationships (Clark & Mills, 1979; Mills & Clark, 1982), the following predictions were made: (a) Members of exchange relationships would keep track of individual inputs into joint tasks and (b) members of communal relationships would not. These hypotheses were tested in three studies. In each study, subjects worked on a task with a partner with whom they (a) desired or had a communal relationship or (b) desired or had an exchange relationship. The task involved locating and circling number sequences in a large matrix. Whether subjects used a pen of the same or of a different color from that used by their partner served as the dependent measure. If partners worked with pens of the same color individual inputs wee obscured. If they worked with different color pens, individual inputs were clear. Given this, if the proportion of subjects in a condition choosing different color pens was greater than 50% (chance), it was taken as evidence that subjects in that condition were trying to keep track of individual inputs. If this proportion was less than 50%, it was taken as evidence that subjects were trying to avoid keeping track of individual inputs. As predicted, in all three studies the proportion of subjects in the exchange conditions who chose a different color pen was significantly greater than 50% and was significantly greater than the proportion of subjects in the communal conditions who chose a different color pen. Also as expected, in no study was this percentage greater than 50% in he communal conditions. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High resolution immunoelectron microscopic localization of functional domains of laminin, nidogen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan in epithelial basement membrane of mouse cornea reveals different topological orientations

Thin and ultrathin cryosections of mouse cornea were labeled with affinity-purified antibodies directed against either laminin, its central segments (domain 1), the end of its long arm (domain 3), the end of one of its short arms (domain 4), nidogen, or low density heparan sulfate proteoglycan. All basement membrane proteins are detected by indirect immunofluorescence exclusively in the epithelial basement membrane, in Descemet's membrane, and in small amorphous plaques located in the stroma. Immunoelectron microscopy using the protein A-gold technique demonstrated laminin domain 1 and nidogen in a narrow segment of the lamina densa at the junction to the lamina lucida within the epithelial basement membrane. Domain 3 shows three preferred locations at both the cellular and stromal boundaries of the epithelial basement membrane and in its center. Domain 4 is located predominantly in the lamina lucida and the adjacent half of the lamina densa. The low density heparan sulfate proteoglycan is found all across the basement membrane showing a similar uniform distribution as with antibodies against the whole laminin molecule. In Descemet's membrane an even distribution was found with all these antibodies. It is concluded that within the epithelial basement membrane the center of the laminin molecule is located near the lamina densa/lamina lucida junction and that its long arm favors three major orientations. One is close to the cell surface indicating binding to a cell receptor, while the other two are directed to internal matrix structures. The apparent codistribution of laminin domain 1 and nidogen agrees with biochemical evidence that nidogen binds to this domain.
Chest pain and reappearance of esophageal peristalsis in treated achalasia.

BACKGROUND We wanted to evaluate the clinical significance of the esophageal peristalsis that appears in some achalasia patients after treatment. METHODS We prospectively investigated the reappearance of esophageal peristalsis in 106 achalasic patients treated with forceful dilatation under endoscopic control (86 metallic dilatations and 20 pneumatic dilatations) and followed up clinically and manometrically for 1 year. Patients were divided in two groups in accordance with the presence (n = 26) or persistent absence (n = 80) of postdilatation esophageal peristalsis. RESULTS Before treatment, clinical data and manometric findings were comparable in both groups except for esophageal wave amplitude, which was higher in patients with postdilatation peristalsis (36 +/- 5 mmHg versus 24 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). One year after dilatation manometric findings were similar in the two groups, but esophageal wave amplitude remained higher in the group with postdilatation peristalsis (46 +/- 4 mmHg versus 21 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with persistent dysphagia was similar in the two groups (15% versus 12.5%). However, 10 patients with postdilatation peristalsis (38%) complained of chest pain as opposed to only 5 patients (6%) in the group with aperistalsis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The appearance of esophageal peristalsis after forceful dilatation in achalasic patients is frequently associated with persistent or new chest pain.
Fecal calprotectin in diagnosis and clinical assessment of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract The fecal neutrophil-derived biomarker calprotectin has several features of an ideal noninvasive test for detecting intestinal inflammation: it is simple, reliable, and low in cost. Its utility in differentiating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) from functional conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome is well documented. Fecal calprotectin (FC) correlates closely with endoscopic activity of IBD. Emerging evidence suggest its usefulness in serial monitoring of disease activity and of therapy success in IBD. A low FC concentration predicts persistence of clinical remission especially in non-symptomatic ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s colitis. Here, an overview is given to the current role of FC in diagnosis and clinical assessment of IBD.
Climate Friendly Tourist Behavior

Sustainable tourism has been defined as a type of tourism that incorporates the principles of sustainable development, i.e. considering not only the economic but also the social and environmental bottom line. Recently, the idea of the triple bottom line has been expanded to a quadruple bottom line including climatic considerations. Climate change is a global phenomenon that will shape the future of tourism in largely unknown ways. As a contributor to climate change, tourism can actively lower the extent of climate change through mitigation. Next to supply-side mitigation measures to design less energy-intensive and more energy-efficient tourism offers, demand-side perspectives play a critical role as tourists directly and indirectly contribute to the extent of mitigation through their consumption and behavioral practices. The paper is part of a PhD project contributing to the discussion on demand focused climate change mitigation in the vacation context. It explores whether there are tourists that behave more climate friendly or whether climate friendly behavior has to be encouraged explicitly in the vacation context. The former case raises the question how climate friendly tourists can be identified and targeted. In the latter case, tourism providers like to know how to encourage climate friendly behavior of tourists. The discussion focuses primarily on the first part of these questions. The author refers to the literature on the topic and to findings of a scoping study undertaken with tourists to the Slovenian coast. The aim of this paper is to stimulate discussion and further research in order to improve strategies for sustainable tourism.
Wpływ Mistrzostw Europy w Piłce Nożnej EURO 2012 na rynek turystyczny Trójmiasta w opinii mieszkańców aglomeracji

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia wplywu wielkiej imprezy sportowej na destynacje, bedącą jej organizatorem. Zawarty problem badawczy dotyczyl opinii mieszkancow Trojmiasta nt. wplywu Mistrzostw Europy w Pilce Noznej EURO 2012 na rynek turystyczny aglomeracji. Wykazano, ze w zdecydowanej wiekszości przypadkow mieszkancy pozytywnie oceniają wplyw tej imprezy, a do najwazniejszych korzyści z jej organizacji zaliczają: rozwoj infrastruktury (sportowej, noclegowej, komunikacyjnej) oraz odpowiednią promocje i poprawe wizerunku aglomeracji. Respondenci uwazają, ze analizowane wydarzenie przyczyni sie do zwiekszonego ruchu turystycznego w kolejnych latach. Podjeta w artykule analiza poprzedzona zostala teoretycznymi rozwazaniami nt. związkow turystyki ze sportem, a w szczegolności charakterystyką wplywu wydarzen sportowych na rynek turystyczny destynacji-organizatora.
Relationship between MIC and Minimum Sterol 14α-Demethylation-Inhibitory Concentration as a Factor in Evaluating Activities of Azoles against Various Fungal Species

ABSTRACT The minimum growth-inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of azole antifungals were compared to their minimum sterol 14α-demethylation-inhibitory concentrations (MDICs) for clinical fungal isolates. The ascomycetous Candida yeasts tested were clearly divided into two groups: group I, consisting of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. lusitaniae, had MICs that were much higher than the MDICs, whereas group II, comprising C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei, had MICs that were approximately equal to the MDICs. In the ascomycetous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Sporothrix schenckii, the MICs were indistinguishable from the MDICs. In the basidiomycetous fungi Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans, C. curvatus, and Trichosporon asahii, the MICs and the MDICs were practically identical. These results support the notion that there are two distinct classes of fungi differing in their degree of tolerance to sterol 14α-demethylation deficiency. These findings have significant implications for both fungal physiology and antifungal chemotherapy.
Multimodal HCI for Robot Control: Towards an Intelligent Robotic Assistant for People with Disabilities

The Multimodal User Supervised Interface and Intelligent Control (MUSIIC) project is working towards the development of an assistive robotic system which integrates human-computer interaction with reactive planning techniques borrowed from artificial intelligence. The MUSIIC system is intended to operate in an unstructured environment, rather than in a structured workcell, allowing users with physical disabilities considerable freedom and flexibility in terms of control and operating ease. This paper reports on the current status of the MUSIIC project.
Bilateral teleoperation of force/motion for a robotic manipulator with random delays

In this paper, bilateral teleoperation control is proposed for holonomic constrained robotic manipulators with stochastic time-varying delays in communication channels. A unified control model is introduced for representing well-known holonomic systems with an environmental constraint. By integrating Markov jump systems, the motion/force tracking control strategy is developed. Furthermore, a feasible solution for the derived linear matrix inequality guarantees the attenuation of unsymmetrical stochastic delay in an propobalty sense. Finally, the proposed control are validated by extensive simulation and experimental studies.
An Overview of Role of Matrix Components

The glomerular filtration barrier consists of complex matrix constituents interposed between the glomerular endothelial and epithelial cells, which constitute the lining of the glomerular capillaries. The matrix components include collagen and noncollagenous molecules such as laminin and proteoglycans. This review describes herein the metabolic consequences of diabetes mellitus to which increased permeability of the filtration barrier may be attributed by altering matrix molecules.