Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-step-ahead prediction of IP packet delay variation based on a GARCH model

We propose JitSeer, a long horizon prediction method for the delay variation of IP packets; i.e., jitter. In designing JitSeer, we directed our attention to similarities between delay variation, which is the variation of one-way delay, and volatility in finance, which is the variation of financial asset return. From a time series view, the similarities are that both vary over time, and during some periods they swing quickly while in other periods they stay calm. Based on these similarities, the delay variation is modelled with a GARCH model, which is a time series model originally developed in econometrics to capture the dynamics of volatility. Then the model predicts the future multi-step-ahead delay variation. Experimental results obtained from operational mobile networks show that the prediction accuracy of JitSeer is better than that of conventional methods; its prediction accuracy for the next 10 seconds is 74% over 3G and 88% over LTE.
CIRCULARLY POLARIZED KOCH FRACTAL TRIBAND ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

A novel monopole asymmetric fractal micro strip antenna is designed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed Koch fractal monopole antenna is resonating at triband with circular polarization operation. Five diff structures - without slot (basic model), single slot (Iteration 1), double slotted (Iteration 2), triple slotted (Iteration 3), and optimized fractal slot (Iteration 4) are studied for circular polarization radiation. Perturbations in the structure for triband CP radiation are introduced by employing optimization in the asymmetrical Koch fractal curves as boundaries of a square patch and embedded triangular slots. The generated 3-dB axial ratios are analyzed with the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna design is suitable for wireless communication applications.
The Representation of Context in Computer Software

Computers do not have the equivalent of a human cognitive system and therefore store data simply as the numbers and words that are entered into the computer. For a computer to interpret data it requires an information structure that provides at least some level of context. This can be accomplished utilizing an ontology of objects with characteristics, semantic behavior, and a rich set of relationships to create a virtual version of real world situations and provide the context within which intelligent logic (e.g., agents) can automatically operate. This paper discusses the process of developing ontologies that serve to provide context for agents to interpret and reason about data changes in decision-support software tools, services and systems.
Angiotensinogen Modulates Renal Vasculature Growth

We have shown previously that angiotensinogen, like other members of the serine protease inhibitor family, has antiangiogenic properties in vitro on cultured endothelial cells and in ovo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. The aim of this study was to show the effects of angiotensinogen on vascular wall remodeling in vivo. We measured the vessel wall thickness (tunica media) stained with an antibody to α-actin. In the kidney, arterioles were 21.5% thinner in male transgenic mice overexpressing human angiotensinogen than in male control animals. In other vascular beds, the arterial wall thickness was not affected. By using in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis, human angiotensinogen expression was detected at a high level in the male kidney and at a much lower level in other organs. There is a relationship between the effect of angiotensinogen on arterial wall thickness and the local expression level of angiotensinogen in this model of transgenic mice. Because human angiotensinogen is not cleaved to a significant extent by mouse renin, the reduction in kidney arterial wall thickness is because of angiotensinogen itself and not angiotensin II, and we show that the reduction was not because of hypoplasia or hypotropia. In contrast, a marked difference in the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β was observed in the kidney arterioles at day 5 when compared with controls. Altogether, these observations provide the first quantitative evidence that a high level of angiotensinogen expression can inhibit the growth of kidney artery walls in vivo.
miR-511-3 p Modulates Genetic Programs of Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Mario Leonardo Squadrito,1,3 Ferdinando Pucci,1,3 Laura Magri,2,3 Davide Moi,1 Gregor D. Gilfillan,4 Anna Ranghetti,1 Andrea Casazza,5 Massimiliano Mazzone,5 Robert Lyle,4 Luigi Naldini,1,3 and Michele De Palma1,6,* 1Angiogenesis and Tumor Targeting Unit, and HSR-TIGET, Division of Regenerative Medicine 2Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine San Raffaele Institute, 20132-Milan, Italy 3Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132-Milan, Italy 4Department of Medical Genetics and Norwegian High-Throughput Sequencing Centre (NSC), Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0407-Oslo, Norway 5Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB and K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium 6Present address: The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland *Correspondence: michele.depalma@epfl.ch DOI 10.1016/j.celrep. 2011.12. 005
Model-driven development of large-scale Web applications

This paper describes our approach to support the development of large-scale Web applications. Large development efforts have to be divided into a number of smaller tasks of different kinds that can be performed by multiple developers. Once this process has taken place, it is important to manage the consistency among the artifacts in an efficient and systematic manner. Our model-driven approach makes this possible. In this paper, we discuss how a metamodel is used to describe part of the specification as a central contract among the developers. We also describe a tool that we implemented on the basis of the metamodel. The tool provides a variety of code generators and a mechanism for checking whether view artifacts, such as JavaServer PagesTM, are compliant with the model. This feature helps developers manage the consistency between a view artifact and the related business logic--HyperText Transfer Protocol request handlers.
DINAMO: interactive protein alignment and model building

MOTIVATION To facilitate the process of structure prediction by both comparative modeling and fold recognition, we describe DINAMO, an interactive protein alignment building and model evaluation tool that dynamically couples a multiple sequence alignment editor to a molecular graphics display. DINAMO allows the user to optimize the alignment and model to satisfy the known heuristics of protein structure by means of a set of analysis tools. The analysis tools return information to both the alignment editor and graphics model in the form of visual cues (color, shape), allowing for rapid evaluation. Several analysis tools may be employed, including residue conservation, residue properties (charge, hydrophobicity, volume), residue environmental preference, and secondary structure propensity. RESULTS We demonstrate DINAMO by building a model for submission in the 3rd annual Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP3) contest. AVAILABILITY DINAMO is freely available as a local application or Web-based Java applet at http://tito.ucsc. edu/dinamo
Robotics methods for task-level and behavioral animation

One of the most important categories of figures in Computer Animation is the articulatedfigure. There are three ways of animating these linked figures:1. by recreating the tools used by traditional animators2. by simulating the physical laws which govern motion in the real world3. by simulating the behavioral laws which govern the interaction between the objects. The first approach corresponds to methods heavily relied upon by the animator:rotoscopy, shape transformation, parametric keyframe animation (see Chapter 8). Thesecond way guarantees a realistic motion by using kinematics and dynamics. The problemwith this type of animation is controlling the motion produced. The third type of animationis called behavioral animation and takes into account the relationship between each objectand the other objects. Moreover the control of animation may be performed at a task- level. In summary, at a time t, the methodology of calculating the 3D scene is as follows:1. for a keyframe system: by interpolating the values of parameters at given key times2. in a dynamic-based system: by calculating the positions from the motion equationsobtained with forces and torques3. for a behavioral animation system: by automatic planning of the motion of anobject based on information about the environment (decor and other objects). Although the problems to solve are not exactly the same, there is a lot to learn inhuman animation from robot motion. In this chapter, we try to summarize roboticstechniques which are used or could be used for the task-level animation of articulated bodies.Simulation of behavior is also briefly discussed.
Oracle Turing machines faced with the verification problem

The main current issue about hypercomputation concern the following thesis: it is physically possible to build a hypercomputation model. To prove this thesis, one possible strategy could be to physically build an oracle Turing machine. More precisely, it is about finding a physical theory where a hypercomputation model will be able to use some external information from nature. Such an information could be regarded as an oracle that provide an additional element in order to go beyond Turing machines limits. However, there is a recurring epistemological problem about the physical construction of an oracle Turing machine. This problem called “verification problem” may be worded as follows: if we assume we have such a hypercomputation model physically built, it would be impossible to verify that this model is able to compute a non Turing-computable function. In this paper I will propose an analysis of the verification problem in order to show that it does not explicitly dispute the strategy about a physical construction of an oracle Turing machine.
The Impact of Capacity Costs on Product Differentiation in Delivery Time, Delivery Reliability, and Price

We develop an analytical framework for studying the role capacity costs play in shaping the optimal differentiation strategy in terms of prices, delivery times, and delivery reliabilities of a profit‐maximizing firm selling two variants (express and regular) of a product in a capacitated environment. We first investigate three special cases. The first is an existing model of price and delivery time differentiation with exogenous reliabilities, which we only review. The second focuses on time‐based (i.e., length and reliability) differentiation with exogenous prices. The third deals with deciding on all features for an express variant when a regular product already exists in the marketplace. We subsequently address the integrative framework of time‐and‐price‐based differentiation for both products in a numerical study. Our results shed light on the role that customer preferences towards delivery times, reliabilities and prices, and the capacity costs (absolute and relative) have on the firm's optimal product positioning policy.
A Fast-Locked Bang-Bang All-Digital Phased-Locked Loop Using Successive-Approximation Frequency-Search Algorithm

Digital system such as system-on-chip microprocessor generally requires Phased-Locked Loop (PLL) for clock generation. However, traditional analog PLL typically contains several important components not included in a standard cell library, such as resistor and low leakage capacitor, which makes it difficult to integrate into a digital system. In addition, its performance is limited by process, voltage, and temperature variation.
A conundrum of modern times that's still unresolved

In recent decades, there has been an abundance of publications about wheezing illnesses and asthma, although none have had the capability to sufficiently define this object of curiosity and concern. Confidence has been lost in traditional approaches, such as locking up key people until one ultimate and final decision has been reached, indicated by white fumes emanating from grave chimneys. Moreover, trust in accepting and following such truths has also been lost. Yet, many will argue that these semantic discussions are purely intellectual and aimed at satisfying the scientific flock, but that a clinician, thanks to his or her intuitive skills, will easily recognise the condition. After all, humanity has successfully dealt with other comparable problems: myriads of poets, literates, psychologists and neurobiologists failed to identify love, yet everybody knows what love is 1. However, love is probably as faceted and complex as living systems are and its presence is not always recognised. The full­embracing approach towards this mysterious phenomenon is through the arts, bundling all sensual, intuitive and intellectual forces at everyone's disposition. Clinical work is an art too, even in these modern days of computer algorithms, globalised treatment guidelines and ever­increasing scientific knowledge. As with every artist, some talent is needed, but more importantly, constant practice and improvements in digesting and incorporating novel aspects identified in clinical, basic and epidemiological research are required. The paper by Yeatts et al. …
From myth to methodology: cross-layer design for energy-efficient wireless communication

During the last decade, wireless communication has seen a trend towards application diversification leading to a significant growth in users. With the availability of - however energy-limited - nomadic devices and real-time multimedia applications, user demand is shifting from simply asking for higher data rates to more complex requirements in terms of quality of service (QoS) and energy-efficiency. In this new context energy management is becoming a key success factor. Optimized energy-efficiency requires an energy management that continuously trades off QoS and energy adapting to varying user expectations and environment dynamics. But, QoS can only be evaluated on top of the whole protocol stack while energy consumption largely appears at the lower layers. To minimize overhead during the transitions between layers, we need to address the problem from a cross-layer perspective. We present a methodology that, based on systematic exploration, effective problem partitioning and minimal cross-layer interface, allows energy management in a cross-layer way, while maintaining efficient layered semantics. Different case studies in the context of wireless LAN (WLAN) for multimedia and data traffic transport are discussed, to show how cross-layer energy management can easily be included in systems running state-of-the-art protocols.
Myelin Gene Regulatory Factor Is Required for Maintenance of Myelin and Mature Oligodendrocyte Identity in the Adult CNS

Although the transcription factors required for the generation of oligodendrocytes and CNS myelination during development have been relatively well established, it is not known whether continued expression of the same factors is required for the maintenance of myelin in the adult. Here, we use an inducible conditional knock-out strategy to investigate whether continued oligodendrocyte expression of the recently identified transcription factor myelin gene regulatory factor (MRF) is required to maintain the integrity of myelin in the adult CNS. Genetic ablation of MRF in mature oligodendrocytes within the adult CNS resulted in a delayed but severe CNS demyelination, with clinical symptoms beginning at 5 weeks and peaking at 8 weeks after ablation of MRF. This demyelination was accompanied by microglial/macrophage infiltration and axonal damage. Transcripts for myelin genes, such as proteolipid protein, MAG, MBP, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, were rapidly downregulated after ablation of MRF, indicating an ongoing requirement for MRF in the expression of these genes. Subsequently, a proportion of the recombined oligodendrocytes undergo apoptosis over a period of weeks. Surviving oligodendrocytes gradually lose the expression of mature markers such as CC1 antigen and their association with myelin, without reexpressing oligodendrocyte progenitor markers or reentering the cell cycle. These results demonstrate that ongoing expression of MRF within the adult CNS is critical to maintain mature oligodendrocyte identity and the integrity of CNS myelin.
Impediments of E-Commerce Adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania: A Review

1 Abstract: One of the great challenge facing SMEs performance in Tanzania is how to adopt and use ICT related technologies and particularly e-commerce technology. This study examined the impediments of e-commerce adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania. Variables including poor telecommunication infrastructure, poor e-commerce security systems, lack of information technology (IT) education and training, weak government policy, high taxes imposed on e-commerce services, poor e-readiness and socio-cultural beliefs, lack of capital, lack of IT experts, abrupt technological changes and lack of clear communication standards were identified and measured using quantitative approach. An intensive literature review involving twelve (12) recent (2010-2014) related literatures was conducted to find out the impediments of e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Tanzania. Frequencies and percentages of ten (10) studied variables were computed and presented in a table and bar graph. The findings show that poor telecommunication infrastructure, poor e-commerce security systems, lack of IT education and training, poor e-readiness and socio-cultural beliefs and lack of IT experts are significant impediments of e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Tanzania. The study recommends that policy makers should view these impediments as interrelated obstacles of e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Tanzania which need integrated effort and strategies when addressing them.
ON A VOLUME FLEXIBLE INVENTORY MODEL

An Economic Production Lot Scheduling model is generalized analytically in which time-dependent demand in the market is adjusted by finite rate of production. The rate of production depends upon modern technology, capital investment and number of labors. Also, the generalized EPLS model is simplified especially for constant demand, linear trend in demand, quadratic demand and exponentially demand pattern. The relevant cost function of this model is minimized analytically.
NAHUAL: A cool spectrograph for planets of ultra-cool objects

We present the status of an ongoing study to built a a high resolution near infrared Echelle spectrograph (NAHUAL) for the 10.4-m-Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) which will be especially optimised for planet searches by means of high precision radial velocity measurements. We show that infrared radial velocity programs are particularly suitable to search for planets very low mass stars and brown dwarfs, as well as active stars. The goal of NAHUAL is to reach an accuracy of the radial velocity measurement of a few m/s, which would allow the detection of planets with a few earth-masses orbiting low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. It is planed that NAHUAL covers simultaneously the full wavelength range in the J, H, and K-band, and will also serve as a general purpose high resolution near infrared spectrograph of the GTC. The planed instrument will have a resolution of R=50,000 with a 0.175 arcsec slit, and an AO-system. An absorption cell will serve as a simultaneous wavelength reference.
An Introduction to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

This paper outlines basic principle of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Matched filter approaches for processing the received data and pulse compression technique are presented. Besides the SAR radar equation, the linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform and matched filter response are also discussed. Finally the system design consideration of various parameters and aspects are also highlighted.
Dynamic Inventory Control with Satisfaction-Dependent Demand

In this paper, we consider the discrete multiperiod newsvendor dynamic inventory control problem where customers follow a simple satisfaction-based demand process, where their probability of demand depends on whether their demand was satis ed the last time they demanded a product, and observe the differences between optimal policies and myopic policies which do not directly consider how inventory policies can affect future demand. We con rm the intuitive result that inventory managers should tend to order more than the myopic policy when satis ed customers are more likely to demand product, and less than the myopic policy when satis ed customers are less likely to demand. Moreover, we and that, when choosing a fixed order policy, even an empirically myopic solution with perfect demand distribution information will move away from the optimum towards a suboptimal solution.
Increase in the Pool Size of Releasable Synaptic Vesicles by the Activation of Protein Kinase C in Goldfish Retinal Bipolar Cells

Secretion from neurons and neuroendocrine cells is enhanced by the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in various preparations. We have already reported that transmitter (glutamate) release from Mb1 bipolar cells in the goldfish retina is potentiated by the activation of PKC. However, it is not yet settled whether the potentiation is ascribed to the increase in the pool size of releasable synaptic vesicles or in release probability. In the present study, Ca2+influx and exocytosis were simultaneously monitored by measuring the presynaptic Ca2+ current and membrane capacitance changes, respectively, in a terminal detached from the bipolar cell. The double pulse protocol was used to estimate separately the changes in the pool size and release probability. The activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) specifically increased the pool size but not the release probability. PKC was activated by PMA even after the Ca2+ influx was blocked by Co2+. In bipolar cells the releasable pool can be divided into two components: one is small and rapidly exhausted, and the other is large and slowly exocytosed. To identify which component is responsible for the increase in the pool size, the effects of PMA and a PKC-specific inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (BIS), on each component were examined. The slow component was selectively increased by PMA and reduced by BIS. Thus, we conclude that the activation of PKC in Mb1 bipolar cells potentiates glutamate release by increasing the pool size of the slow component.
Centripetal and centrifugal reorganizations of frequency map of auditory cortex in gerbils

As repetitive acoustic stimulation and auditory conditioning do, electric stimulation of the primary auditory cortex (AI) evokes reorganization of the frequency map of AI, as well as of the subcortical auditory nuclei. The reorganization is caused by shifts in best frequencies (BFs) of neurons either toward (centripetal) or away from (centrifugal) the BF of stimulated cortical neurons. In AI of the Mongolian gerbil, we found that focal electrical stimulation evoked a centripetal BF shift in an elliptical area centered at the stimulated neurons and a centrifugal BF shift in a zone surrounding it. The 1.9-mm long major and 1.1-mm long minor axes of the elliptical area were parallel and orthogonal to the frequency axis, respectively. The width of the surrounding zone was 0.2–0.3 mm. Such “center-surround” reorganization has not yet been found in any sensory cortex except AI of the gerbil. The ellipse is similar to the arborization pattern of pyramidal neurons, the major source of excitatory horizontal connections in AI, whereas the surrounding zone is compatible to the arborization range of small basket cells (inhibitory neurons) in AI.