Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microtubules of the kinetochore fiber turn over in metaphase but not in anaphase

In previous work we injected mitotic cells with fluorescent tubulin and photobleached them to mark domains on the spindle microtubules. We concluded that chromosomes move poleward along kinetochore fiber microtubules that remain stationary with respect to the pole while depolymerizing at the kinetochore. In those experiments, bleached zones in anaphase spindles showed some recovery of fluorescence with time. We wished to determine the nature of this recovery. Was it due to turnover of kinetochore fiber microtubules or of nonkinetochore microtubules or both? We also wished to investigate the question of turnover of kinetochore microtubules in metaphase. We microinjected cells with x- rhodamine tubulin (x-rh tubulin) and photobleached spindles in anaphase and metaphase. At various times after photobleaching, cells were detergent lysed in a cold buffer containing 80 microM calcium, conditions that led to the disassembly of almost all nonkinetochore microtubules. Quantitative analysis with a charge coupled device image sensor revealed that the bleached zones in anaphase cells showed no fluorescence recovery, suggesting that these kinetochore fiber microtubules do not turn over. Thus, the partial fluorescence recovery seen in our earlier anaphase experiments was likely due to turnover of nonkinetochore microtubules. In contrast fluorescence in metaphase cells recovered to approximately 70% the control level within 7 min suggesting that many, but perhaps not all, kinetochore fiber microtubules of metaphase cells do turn over. Analysis of the movements of metaphase bleached zones suggested that a slow poleward translocation of kinetochore microtubules occurred. However, within the variation of the data (0.12 +/- 0.24 micron/min), it could not be determined whether the apparent movement was real or artifactual.
Three problems in computer science

We describe three problems that each have a history of research that goes back to the early days of computer science. These past efforts, which we do not review here, have succeeded in uncovering some the essence of these otherwise elusive challenges, and make it possible to focus on these questions more clearly now. Difficult as they may appear to be, they are well-posed scientific questions, we believe, and therefore will be solved eventually. While their solutions can be expected to have mathematical content, the problems as we state them are not purely mathematical. In each case, a part of the solution would be the emergence of some consensus on the nature of the right mathematical formulation.
Similarity Reasoning over Semantic Context-Graphs

Similarity is a central cognitive mechanism for humans which enables a broad range of perceptual and abstraction processes, including recognizing and categorizing objects, drawing parallelism, and predicting outcomes. It has been studied computationally through models designed to replicate human judgment. The work presented in this dissertation leverages general purpose semantic networks to derive similarity measures in a problem-independent manner. We model both general and relational similarity using connectivity between concepts within semantic networks. Our first contribution is to model general similarity using concept connectivity, which we use to partition vocabularies into topics without the need of document corpora. We apply this model to derive topics from unstructured dialog, specifically enabling an early literacy primer application to support parents in having better conversations with their young children, as they are using the primer together. Second, we model relational similarity in proportional analogies. To do so, we derive relational parallelism by searching in semantic networks for similar path pairs that connect either side of this analogy statement. We then derive human readable explanations from the resulting similar path pair. We show that our model can answer broad-vocabulary analogy questions designed for human test takers with high confidence. The third contribution is to enable symbolic plan repair in robot planning through object substitution. When a failure occurs due to unforeseen changes in the environment, such as missing objects, we enable the planning domain to be extended with a number of alternative objects such that the plan can be repaired and execution to continue. To evaluate this type of similarity, we use both general and relational similarity. We demonstrate that the task context is essential in establishing which objects are interchangeable.
Intracellular Correlates of Stimulus-Specific Adaptation

Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) is the reduction in response to a common stimulus that does not generalize, or only partially generalizes, to rare stimuli. SSA is strong and widespread in primary auditory cortex (A1) of rats, but is weak or absent in the main input station to A1, the ventral division of the medial geniculate body. To study SSA in A1, we recorded neural activity in A1 intracellularly using sharp electrodes. We studied the responses to tone pips of the same frequency in different contexts: as Standard and Deviants in Oddball sequences; in equiprobable sequences; in sequences consisting of rare tone presentations; and in sequences composed of many different frequencies, each of which was rare. SSA was found both in subthreshold membrane potential fluctuations and in spiking responses of A1 neurons. SSA for changes in frequency was large at a frequency difference of 44% between Standard and Deviant, and clearly present with tones separated by as little as 4%, near the behavioral frequency difference limen in rats. When using equivalent measures, SSA in spiking responses was generally larger than the SSA at the level of the membrane potential. This effect can be traced to the nonlinearity of the transformation between membrane potential to spikes. Using the responses to the same tone in different contexts made it possible to demonstrate that cortical SSA could not be fully explained by adaptation in narrow frequency channels, even at the level of the membrane potential. We conclude that local processing significantly contributes to the generation of cortical SSA.
Stabilization of nonnecessarily inversely stable first-order adaptive systems under saturated input

This paper presents an indirect adaptive stabilization scheme for first-order continuous-time systems under saturated input which is described by a sigmoidal function. The singularities are avoided through a modification scheme for the estimated plant parameter vector so that its associated Sylvester matrix is guaranteed to be non-singular and then the estimated plant model is controllable. The modification mechanism involves the use of a hysteresis switching function. An alternative hybrid scheme, whose estimated parameters are updated at sampling instants is also given to solve a similar adaptive stabilization problem. Such a scheme also uses hysteresis switching for modification of the parameter estimates so as to ensure the controllability of the estimated plant model.
Narrow-band UVB radiation promotes dendrite formation by activating Rac1 in B16 melanoma cells

Melanocytes are found scattered throughout the basal layer of the epidermis. Following hormone or ultraviolet (UV) light stimulation, the melanin pigments contained in melanocytes are transferred through the dendrites to the surrounding keratinocytes to protect against UV light damage or carcinogenesis. This has been considered as a morphological indicator of melanocytes and melanoma cells. Small GTPases of the Rho family have been implicated in the regulation of actin reorganization underlying dendrite formation in melanocytes and melanoma cells. It has been proven that ultraviolet light plays a pivotal role in melanocyte dendrite formation; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. The effect of small GTPases, such as Rac1 and RhoA, on the morphology of B16 melanoma cells treated with narrow-band UVB radiation was investigated. The morphological changes were observed under a phase contrast microscope and the F-actin microfilament of the cytoskeleton was observed under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The pull-down assay was performed to detect the activity of the small GTPases Rac1 and RhoA. The morphological changes were evident, with globular cell bodies and increased numbers of tree branch-like dendrites. The cytoskeletal F-actin appeared disassembled following narrow-band UVB irradiation of B16 melanoma cells. Treatment of B16 melanoma cells with narrow-band UVB radiation resulted in the activation of Rac1 in a time-dependent manner. In conclusion, the present study may provide a novel method through which narrow-band UVB radiation may be used to promote dendrite formation by activating the Rac1 signaling pathway, resulting in F-actin rearrangement in B16 melanoma cells.
The Effect of Exposure to Symbols of Political Affiliation and Race on Perceptions of White Privilege and Anti-Black Discrimination

This thesis explored the effects of exposure to different political affiliations and races on participants’ perceptions of white privilege and anti-black discrimination. Current research has studied the effects of race, framing, and guilt on the acknowledgement of white privilege, but none have explored how political affiliation can affect these perceptions. If simple exposure to these symbols of political affiliation can alter the perceptions of those exposed, perhaps the results of this study could be used to bring about awareness and ease political tensions. Participants were placed in one of six groups consisting of either a white or black experimenter wearing a Black Lives Matter shirt, Make America Great Again shirt, or a plain black shirt. Participants completed a series of three surveys: a demographic survey, a belief in White Privilege Scale, and the Other Focused Belief in Discrimination Scale. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. There were no significant differences in scores on the White Privilege Scale based on race or shirt of the experimenter.
H-NS Nucleoid Protein Controls Virulence Features of Klebsiella pneumoniae by Regulating the Expression of Type 3 Pili and the Capsule Polysaccharide

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. Main virulence determinants of K. pneumoniae are pili, capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, and siderophores. The histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS) is a pleiotropic regulator found in several gram-negative pathogens. It has functions both as an architectural component of the nucleoid and as a global regulator of gene expression. We generated a Δhns mutant and evaluated the role of the H-NS nucleoid protein on the virulence features of K. pneumoniae. A Δhns mutant down-regulated the mrkA pilin gene and biofilm formation was affected. In contrast, capsule expression was derepressed in the absence of H-NS conferring a hypermucoviscous phenotype. Moreover, H-NS deficiency affected the K. pneumoniae adherence to epithelial cells such as A549 and HeLa cells. In infection experiments using RAW264.7 and THP-1 differentiated macrophages, the Δhns mutant was less phagocytized than the wild-type strain. This phenotype was likely due to the low adherence to these phagocytic cells. Taken together, our data indicate that H-NS nucleoid protein is a crucial regulator of both T3P and CPS of K. pneumoniae.
Founder backgrounds and the evolution of firm size

To what extent are firm size differences influenced by entrepreneurs' pre-founding experience, and do these differences persist over time? We analyze these questions using a novel data set assembled for Australian and New Zealand wine producers on their heritage and sizes at various ages. Our findings indicate that on average firms founded by individuals with prior wine industry experience are larger initially and remain larger for at least the next 20 years. Using additional data on professional backgrounds, export scope, and the size of the firms at which experienced founders previously worked, we explore alternative mechanisms that could have generated these persistent size differences. Copyright 2011 The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
Constrained convex minimization via model-based excessive gap

We introduce a model-based excessive gap technique to analyze first-order primal-dual methods for constrained convex minimization. As a result, we construct first-order primal-dual methods with optimal convergence rates on the primal objective residual and the primal feasibility gap of their iterates separately. Through a dual smoothing and prox-center selection strategy, our framework subsumes the augmented Lagrangian, alternating direction, and dual fast-gradient methods as special cases, where our rates apply.
Study of cylindrical multilayered ceramic resonators with rectangular air cavity for low-phase noise K/Ka-band oscillators

This paper first presents cylindrical low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) resonator configurations as a means of achieving high-Q values at millimetric frequencies in a reduced-size structure. The resonator contains a rectangular air cavity that only partially fills its volume. Simple analytical expressions are derived, which relate the via waveguide (VWG) heterogeneous structures to their conventional cylindrical resonator counterparts through the use of effective radius and dielectric constant (a/sub eff/ and /spl epsiv//sub eff/). A parametric analysis is then carried out showing the effects of the available design parameters on resonant frequency and Q. Excellent agreement between measured and analytical results is obtained. Finally, a low-cost miniaturized low phase-noise free-running oscillator is proposed by employing the novel high-Q VWG resonator in the same LTCC package that houses the monolithic oscillator active circuit. A 24-GHz low phase-noise oscillator is then carried out with an output power of 13.3 dBm and a phase noise of -106 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset, which is among the best results ever published for a free-running K/Ka-band oscillator.
HUBUNGANORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICEKEBIJAKAN PHK DANEMOTIONAL LABOURPEKERJA PT. YURO MUSTIKA

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi adanya kebijakan PHK yang diberlakukan oleh PT. Yuro Mustika perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produksi boneka dan wig, adanya kebijakan PHK sebagai salah satu upaya untuk menangani krisis ekonomi yang terjadi. Adanya PHK membuat pekerja harus mengatur emosi yang keluar agar sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi atau disebut dengan emotional labour. Terjadinya emotional labour tidak terlepas dari lingkungan organisasi, kebijakan PHK yang diberlakukan menyebabkan persepsi pekerja apakah mereka diperlakukan secara adil dengan membandingkan proses yang dilakukan dengan hasil yang diberikan perusahaan desebut dengan organizational justice. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menguji hubungan organizational justice kebijakan PHKdan emotional labour. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pekerja PT. Yuro Mustika bagian produksi dengan jumlah 320 pekerja dengan masa kerja minimal 5 tahun. Jumlah sampel yang di gunakan dalam penelitian sejumlah 108 pekerja bagian produksi. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling insidental. Data penelitian dihimpun menggunakan skala organizational justice yang disusun berdasarkan distributive justice, procedural justice dan interactional justicedan skala emotional labour yang disusun berdasarkan surface acting dan deep acting. Skala emotional labourterdiri dari 22 item (α = 0,647) dan skala organizational justice terdiri dari 31 item (α = 0,748). Teknik analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian ini dengan korelasi product moment menunjukan hasil koefisien korelasi (rxy) sebesar 0,076 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,434 (α > 0,01). Berdasarkan nilai koefisien tersebut hipotesis “ada hubungan organizational justice kebijakan PHK dan emotional labour pekerja” ditolak. Maka tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara organizational justice kebijakan PHK dengan emotional labour.Emotional labour pekerja PT. Yuro Mustika berada pada kategori tinggi dengan dimensi deep acting deep acting yang paling berpengaruh. Organizational justice kebijakan PHK PT. Yuro Mustika berada pada kategori tinggi dengan komponen procedural justice yang paling berpengaruh.Kedua variabel ini bila disatukan salah satu variabel akan menjadi variabel moderator dalam penelitian dan memprediksi sikap maupun perilaku pekerja terhadap organisasi.
Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited

Abstract. Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L, Hass E, Overbeck S, Thomsen J, Charles P, Eriksen EF (University Hospital of Aarhus, and Primary Health Care Centre, City Vest, Aarhus, Denmark). Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 260–268.
Intelligent Speaker Verification based Biometric System for Electronic Commerce Applications

Electronic commerce is growing rapidly with on-line sales already heading for hundreds of billion dollars per year. Due to the huge amount of money transferred everyday, an increased security level is required. In this work we present the architecture of an intelligent speaker verification system, which is able to accurately verify the registered users of an e-commerce service using only their voices as an input. According to the proposed architecture, a transaction-based e-commerce application should be complemented by a biometric server where customer’s unique set of speech models (voiceprint) is stored. The verification procedure requests from the user to pronounce a personalized sequence of digits and after capturing speech and extracting voice features at the client side are sent back to the biometric server. The biometric server uses pattern recognition to decide whether the received features match the stored voiceprint of the customer who claims to be, and accordingly grants verification. The proposed architecture can provide e-commerce applications with a higher degree of certainty regarding the identity of a customer, and prevent impostors to execute fraudulent transactions. Keywords—Speaker Recognition, Biometrics, E-commerce security.
Security Policy Languages and Enforcement ∗

As organizations grow larger and more complex, and as cybersecurity becomes an increasingly important concern, there are growing needs for languages that can express complex security policies of organizations and for efficient mechanisms to enforce the policies. An essential function of security policies is to control authorization, that is, to determine whether a request to access a resource should be permitted or denied. This paper considers two key aspects of security policy languages—support for decentralized policy administration through “trust management”, and support for scalable policy management through roles—and techniques for the efficient implementation of these languages. The implementation techniques provide a basis for enforcing security policies expressed in these languages. Traditional ways of expressing authorization policies, such as access control lists, were developed to support authorization in centralized systems with a single administrator in control of all aspects of security policy for the entire system. They are generally adequate and widely used in that context, but they have serious deficiencies for enterprise-wide applications [2], which may have many administrative domains and varying trust relationships. Trust management systems are designed to support authorization in distributed systems [2]. The defining characteristic of trust management systems is support for decentralized security policy administration through delegation: an entity can authorize another entity to control specified aspects of security policy. For example, a company’s chief executive officer (CEO) might allow each manager to control his subordinates’ access to technical data, while the CEO retains complete control over everyone’s access to the company’s strategic plan. Role-based policy languages support scalable specification and management of policies in large systems [11, 4]. A role is an abstraction that represents a set of permissions, typically the permissions needed to perform the tasks associated with a position in an organization. Role-based authorization policies specify the roles that each user may adopt, and the permissions associated with each role.
Engagement of CD4 and CD8 expressed on immature thymocytes induces activation of intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation pathways

Accumulating data suggest that the target cells for selection events leading to establishment of the mature T cell repertoire are the functionally immature double-positive (CD4+/CD8+) thymocytes, and that the CD4 and CD8 antigens expressed on these cells play important roles in these processes. In an attempt to define the biochemical pathways implicated in these events, we have studied the effects of engagement of accessory molecules on tyrosine protein phosphorylation. The results of our experiments demonstrate that engagement of CD4 and CD8 expressed on double-positive thymocytes is coupled with a rapid tyrosine protein phosphorylation signal. Further analyses have revealed that these two surface molecules are physically associated with the internal membrane tyrosine protein kinase p56lck in immature thymocytes, and that the catalytic function of lck expressed in double-positive thymocytes is significantly enhanced upon engagement of CD4. These data provide evidence that tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation pathways coupled to the CD4 and CD8 T cell surface antigens are functional in immature thymocytes, and therefore, formally prove that signaling functions of CD4 and CD8 molecules are operative in immature thymocytes.
Topic Matching Based Change Impact Analysis from Feature on User Interface of Mobile Apps

The complexity of mobile applications often lies in the user interface (UI). To update function provided by UI or just fix bugs related to UI, software maintainers primarily need to obtain the location of source code implementation and detect change set. Since UI related feature is tightly related to the class containing the declaration of the UI component, this paper proposes a topic matching based change impact analysis method from feature on user interface of mobile apps. Our approach combines LDA model with program dependency to realize the change impact analysis. Considering app′s small scale and few comments, a novel preprocessing method combining tf-idf with term weight based on structural information is applied to LDA model. Experiments on 16 update records of 4 open source apps show the effectiveness of our proposed method.