Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory induction of verbal slips: A new method for psycholinguistic research

A new method has been developed for testing hypotheses of speech production, especially those which seek to determine the causes of phonological encoding breakdowns, and thus to determine the nature of normal phonological processing. Specifically, a description is provided for a procedure by which experimental subjects may be induced to accidentally commit the type of verbal slip known as a “spoonerism. ” The procedure provides the experimenter with control over the subject's speech output, sufficient to insure that the average subject's articulation on up to 30% of designated word pairs will be in the form of an accidental spoonerism error planned by the experimenter. Encoding hypotheses testable through laboratory induction of verbal slips are discussed briefly.
Work-Related Continuing Education and Training: Participation and Effectiveness.

Purpose – Within the context of policies on developing the workforce of the government health sector in England, this paper aims to investigate participation in work‐related continuing education and training (WRCET), its pedagogy and effectiveness. Individual and organizational characteristics associated with effective WRCET are examined.Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a cross‐sectional study, using data from annual large‐scale National Staff Surveys of 2006 and 2009. Based on detailed occupational groups, the authors classify respondents to high‐ and low‐skilled staff and develop four dependent variables that combine specific types of training with respondent assessments of the effectiveness of their training for their professional development. Probit regressions models are estimated for both groups of workers, controlling for individual and organizational characteristics.Findings – Participation in WRCET increased between 2006 and 2009 for both groups with differential patterns of partic.
Non-Parametric Identification of Static Nonlinearities in a General Interconnected System

We are concerned with the identification of static nonlinear maps in a structured interconnected system. Structural information is often neglected in nonlinear system identification methods. In this paper, we exploit a priori structural information and use parametric identification methods. We focus on the case where the linear part of the interconnection is known and only the static nonlinear components require identification. We propose an identification algorithm and investigate its convergence properties.
From Environment to Mating Competition and Super-K in a Predominantly Urban Sample of Young Adults

Recent research suggests human life history strategy (LHS) may be subsumed by multiple dimensions, including mating competition and Super-K, rather than one. In this study, we test whether a two-dimensional structure best fit data from a predominantly urban sample of young adults ages 18–24. We also test whether latent life history dimensions are associated with environmental harshness and unpredictability as predicted by life history theory. Results provide evidence that a two-dimensional model best fit the data. Furthermore, a moderate inverse residual correlation between mating competition and Super-K was found, consistent with a life history trade-off. Our findings suggest that parental socioeconomic status may enhance investment in mating competition, that harshness might persist into young adulthood as an important correlate of LHS, and that unpredictability may not have significant effects in young adulthood. These findings further support the contention that human LHS is multidimensional and environmental effects on LHS are more complex than previously suggested. The model presented provides a parsimonious explanation of an array of human behaviors and traits and can be used to inform public health initiatives, particularly with respect to the potential impact of environmental interventions.
On recovery of block sparse signals from multiple measurements

We consider the problem of recovering block sparse signals which share the same sparsity pattern given multiple measurements. We consider two different noisy measurement models. In the first model, the sensing matrix remains the same for all the measurements. In the second model, we employ different sensing matrices for different measurements. For both these models, we present greedy algorithms for block sparse signal recovery and theoretically establish the recovery guarantees of the proposed algorithms. Using numerical simulations, we study the performance of the proposed algorithms and some existing algorithms. Our results present insights on how the correlation between block sparse signals plays a role on the recovery performance.
Resolving a Conflict between APA Learning Goals and APA Ethical Principles

Although American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Standards make it clear that instructors cannot require students to disclose personal information in class-related activities, an APA learning goal for undergraduate psychology students is that they reflect on their experiences to develop insight into their behavior and mental processes. Thus, there is a conflict between APA learning goals and APA ethical principles. To increase awareness of this conflict and generate a discussion of ways to resolve it, I present one method of resolving it by having students convert papers that involve self-reflection into anonymous, unreadable papers before submitting them.
ComVis: A Coordinated Multiple Views System for Prototyping New Visualization Technology

There is a large number of interactive visualization tools, however no universal tool exists that covers all relevant aspects for all possible application domains. We have developed a tool, ComVis, which was intended to be used as are search prototype for new visualization techniques. We have identified some interesting aspects from developers' and users' points of view during tool development. In this paper we describe lessons learned during the process, and share our findings with visualization research community. In the end, some examples prove the usefulness of the developed tool. One particular example, the concept of families of function graphs and application to analysis of fuel injection concludes the paper.
Liver disease symptoms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Abstract Introduction. It seems that there is a relationship between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SIBO among NAFLD patients. Methods. In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 98 eligible NAFLD patients were evaluated for SIBO using hydrogen breath test (HBT). They were divided into SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative groups. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained. Results. Based on the HBT, 38 patients (39%) had bacteria overgrowth. There were no significant differences between SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative regarding demographic data and BMI classification (P > 0.05). Biochemical variables, the results of abdominal ultrasound, and liver elastography did not show any significant difference between SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative patients (P > 0.05). Patients with SIBO were found to have higher rates of bloating, while abdominal pain was more prevalent in SIBO-negative patients (P < 0.001). Conclusions. SIBO is prevalent in NAFLD and associated with bloating in these patients. Further studies are necessary to elucidate if therapeutic manipulation of gut microbiota reduces the risk of NAFLD, fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis.
High-Fidelity Simulation in Pediatric Emergency Medicine: A National Survey of Facilitator Comfort and Practice

Objectives High-fidelity simulation (HFS) is widely used in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) training and a competent facilitator is vital for effective learning. This survey describes the characteristics, comfort, practices, and need of PEM physicians as HFS facilitators. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was electronically distributed to Pediatric Emergency Research Canada physician members, representing 14 academic pediatric emergency departments nationally. Results The response rate was 66.6% (92/138); 63% (56/89) of PEM physicians taught HFS. Junior attending physicians (P = 0.011) and those with an education focus (P = 0.005) were more comfortable in using HFS. Sixty-eight percent (38/56) described their facilitator training as formal. Generally, facilitators felt comfortable in running simulations (weighted mean scale, 1.53 [<2 = comfortable] on a 5-point rating scale). Facilitators with formal training used verbal confidentiality agreements more frequently (P = 0.008), spent less time running the scenario (P < 0.05) and spent more time in debriefing (P < 0.05) than those without formal training. Sixty-three percent (n = 56) of facilitators identified debriefing as the most stressful aspect of HFS. Their main barrier to HFS teaching was lack of protected teaching time (mean scale, 2.02 [>2 = barrier]). Seventy-six percent (35/46) of respondents desired online and printable facilitator information. Seventy percent (35/51) thought the ideal time for formal facilitator training was during fellowship. Conclusions High-fidelity simulation is a widely used educational modality, and more attention must be paid to the needs of the facilitator in order to optimize the educational experience. Standardized facilitator training, focused particularly on effective debriefing techniques, would help improve facilitator comfort with HFS.
Factors Affecting Reaction and Movement Times in Hemiparetic Patients and in Healthy Subjects

The effects of body side, joint location (proximal and distal) and movement type (uni lateral and bilateral) on reaction and movement times (RT, MT) were studied in three groups of subjects: aged and young healthy subjects and hemiparetic elderly patients. Reaction time was measured relative to an auditory signal. Movement time was mea sured for 20° of elbow flexion and for a linear movement of 3 mm performed by the thumb. Each movement was repeated five times unilaterally on each side and five times bilaterally. The findings pointed to longer RTs and MTs in the aged subjects than in the young subjects and in the proximal joints than in the distal joints. Both RT and MT were lengthened on the paretic extremity in the patients, while no right-left differences were encountered in the healthy subjects. Bilateral movements caused slowing of RT in the hemiparetic patients and significant slowing of MT in all three groups. The sep arate as well as interactive effects of these variables on movement speed, as reflected in RT and MT, warrant consideration during planning of rehabilitation treatment pro grams for hemiparetic patients.
Causal Returns to Education: A Survey on Empirical Evidence for Germany

This paper surveys the empirical evidence on causal effects of education on earnings for Germany and compares alternative studies in the light of their underlying identifying assumptions. We work out the different assumptions taken by various studies, which lead to rather different interpretations of the estimated causal effect. In particular, we are interested in the question to what extend causal return estimates are informative regarding educational policy advice. Despite the substantial methodological differences, we have to conclude that the empirical findings for Germany are quite robust and do not deviate substantially from each other. This also holds for the few studies which rely on ignorability conditions, regardless of whether they use educational attainment as a continuous treatment variable or as a discrete treatment indicator. Own estimates based on the matching approach indicate that the selection into upper secondary schooling is suboptimal
Current status and recommendations for biomarkers and biobanking in neurofibromatosis

Objective: Clinically validated biomarkers for neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN) have not been identified to date. The biomarker working group's goals are to (1) define biomarker needs in NF1, NF2, and SWN; (2) summarize existing data on biomarkers in NF1, NF2, and SWN; (3) outline recommendations for sample collection and biomarker development; and (4) standardize sample collection and methodology protocols where possible to promote comparison between studies by publishing standard operating procedures (SOPs). Methods: The biomarker group reviewed published data on biomarkers in NF1, NF2, and SWN and on biobanking efforts outside these diseases via literature search, defined the need for biomarkers in NF, and developed recommendations in a series of consensus meetings. Results: We describe existing biomarkers in NF and report consensus recommendations for SOP and a minimal clinical dataset to accompany samples derived from patients with NF1, NF2, and SWN in decentralized biobanks. Conclusions: These recommendations are intended to provide clinicians and researchers with a common set of guidelines to collect and store biospecimens and for establishment of biobanks for NF1, NF2, and SWN.
WiSlow: A Wi-Fi network performance troubleshooting tool for end users

Slow Internet connectivity is often caused by poor Wi-Fi performance. The main reasons of such performance degradation include channel contention and non-Wi-Fi interference. Although these problem sources can be easily removed in many cases once they are discovered, it is difficult for end users to identify the sources of such interference. We investigated the characteristics of different sources that can degrade Wi-Fi performance, and developed WiSlow, a software tool that diagnoses the root causes of poor Wi-Fi performance using user-level network probes, and leveraging peer collaboration to identify the physical location of these causes. WiSlow uses two main methods: packet loss analysis and 802.11 ACK number analysis. The accuracy of WiSlow exceeds 90% when the sources are close to Wi-Fi devices. Also, our experiment proves that the collaborative approach is feasible for determining the relative location of an interfering device.
Detecting intra-enterprise scanning worms based on address resolution

Signature-based schemes for detecting Internet worms often fail on zero-day worms, and their ability to rapidly react to new threats is typically limited by the requirement of some form of human involvement to formulate updated attack signatures. We propose an anomaly-based detection technique detailing a method to detect propagation of scanning worms within individual network cells, thus protecting internal networks from infection by internal clients. Our software implementation indicates that this technique is both accurate and rapid enough to enable automatic containment and suppression of worm propagation within a network cell. Our approach relies on an aggregate anomaly score, derived from the correlation of address resolution protocol (ARP) activity from individual network attached devices. Our preliminary analysis and prototype indicate that this technique can be used to rapidly detect zero-day worms within a very small number of scans
Evaluation of alkaline phosphatase‐ and digoxigenin‐labelled probes for detection of the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

The biochemical identification and enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as described in the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual is expensive and labour‐intensive. To reduce the time and effort necessary to verify the identity of V. parahaemolyticus, the use of a thermolabile haemolysin (tlh) gene probe is proposed. An alkaline phosphatase (AP)‐labelled probe was evaluated for specificity against 26 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 88 strains of other Vibrio species and 10 strains of non‐vibrio species. Of the 124 isolates tested, the probe hybridized only with the 26 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, indicating species specificity. Two hundred and six suspect V. parahaemolyticus isolates from oysters were tested by this probe and API‐20E diagnostic strips; there was 97% agreement between results. A digoxigenin (DIG)‐labelled probe for detection of the tlh gene fragment was prepared by PCR and compared with the AP‐labelled probe. When tested on 584 suspect V. parahaemolyticus isolates, results obtained with the AP‐ and DIG‐labelled probes were in 98% agreement. These results suggest that the probes are equivalent for detection of the V. parahaemolyticus tlh gene.
Psychosocial Treatment of Youth Suicide: A Systematic Review of the Research

This article systematically reviews evidence for treatment of adolescent suicidality. In all, 10 empirical studies intended to reduce suicidal behaviors (e.g., suicide attempts) or suicidal ideation were reviewed. Each study's intervention was described and evaluated using two sets of independent criteria to assess the degree to which it was successful in reducing suicidality and the level of its empirical support (well established or probably efficacious). Most of the interventions were successful in reducing suicidality. However, no treatment met the criteria of well established and only two were probably efficacious. Most studies had important methodological limitations. Features of the promising interventions were summarized and methodological limitations highlighted. The number of interventions has increased in the past 10 years, but the research evidence remains weak. Recommendations are offered to strengthen the research, and the role of social workers in using these findings and advancing the research is discussed.
A constructive differential game approach to collision avoidance in multi-agent systems

The problem of steering a team of agents from their initial positions to a predefined end-configuration while avoiding collisions is formulated as a differential game. A method for approximating the solution of the differential game is then presented, providing ε-Nash strategies. It is shown that approximate solutions are sufficient to guarantee that the task of reaching the final configuration while avoiding collisions is achieved. The theory is illustrated by simulations.
"Persist. persist.": A qualitative study of women's decisions to disclose and their perceptions of the impact of routine screening for intimate partner violence

School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaObjective: To understand the conditions under which a group of women recruited fromantenatal, mental health, and substance abuse services disclose abuse in response toroutine screening for intimate partner violence and their constructions of the impact ofroutine screening. Method: In-depth interviews with 20 women followed up 6 monthsafter disclosing abuse in response to screening. Results: Women were in diversesituations relating to trajectories of abuse that included continued abuse despite inter-ventions and abuse cessation within relationship. Women disclosed their abuse aftermaking active judgments about safety on three dimensions: from the abuser, fromshame and from relinquishing control. Most women described valued impacts fromscreening, though this was less common for those who had previous contact withstatutory agencies. The process of asking shaped constructions of abuse, giving nameto it. Health workers responses to disclosures often helped to create a sense ofconnection. Conclusions: These effects align with Hermans work identifying namingand reconnection as important steps in recovery from trauma. The diversity of womenssituations may explain dif culties in achieving signi cant ndings by RCTs on screen-ing impacts. Screening can bring about important changes for some women and is notsimply a strategy for identi cation and referral.Keywords:
TAOS: Testing with Analysis and Oracle Support

Few would question that software testing is a necessary activity for assuring software quality, yet the typical testing process is a human intensive activity and as such, it is unproductive, error-prone, and often inadequately done. Moreover, testing is seldom given a prominent place in software development or maintenance processes, nor is it an integral part of them. Major productivity and quality enhancements can be achieved by automating the testing process through tool development and use and effectively incorporating it with development and maintenance processes. The TAOS toolkit, Testing with Analysis and Oracle Support, provides support for the testing process. It includes tools that automate many tasks in the testing process, including management and persistence of test artifacts and the relationships between those artifacts, test development, test execution, and test measurement. A unique aspect of TAOS is its support for test oracles and their use to verify behavioral correctness of test executions. TAOS also supports structural/dependence coverage, by measuring the adequacy of test criteria coverage, and regression testing, by identifying tests associated or dependent upon modified software artifacts. This is accomplished by integrating the ProDAG toolset, Program Dependence Analysis Graph, with TAOS, which supports the use of program dependence analysis in testing, debugging, and maintenance. This paper describes the TAOS toolkit and its capabilities as well as testing, debugging and maintenance processes based on program dependence analysis. We also describe our experience with the toolkit and discuss our future plans.
Who leads?: Councillor‐officer relations in local government overview and scrutiny committees in England and Wales

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of recent local government reform for political leadership in local authorities. In particular, it investigates the role played by local government officers in shaping and directing the work of politicians serving on overview and scrutiny committees. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on data from five case studies of local councils in England and Wales, the paper suggests that recent reform has done little to clarify decision making and leadership in local government. Findings – The paper suggests that local councillors need to define their roles under the new system in order to reflect the changing requirements of their work. Originality/value – The paper investigates the impact of the introduction of overview and scrutiny on the relations between councillors and local government officers. Research on leadership in local government is well established, but this literature needs updating in the light of recent reforms. The paper suggests a complex pattern of leadership in local democratic processes, and suggests that more work needs to be done to ensure that local councillors adapt to their new roles.
Actionable Persistent Identifier Collections

Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) have lately received a lot of attention from scientific infrastructure projects and communities that aim to employ them for management of massive amounts of research data and metadata objects. Such usage scenarios, however, require additional facilities to enable automated data management with PIDs. In this article, we present a conceptual framework that is based on the idea of using common abstract data types (ADTs) in combination with PIDs. This provides a well-defined interface layer that abstracts from both underlying PID systems and higher-level applications. Our practical implementation is based on the Handle System, yet the fundamental concept of PID-based ADTs is transferable to other infrastructures, and it is well suited to achieve interoperability between them.