Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the spin evolution of neutron stars in pre-low-mass X-ray binaries

We present a simple model for the evolutionary states of neutron stars in pre-low-mass X-ray binaries during the main sequence stage of donor stars. It is shown that for typical parameters some of the neutron stars in these systems can not accrete matter from winds of their companions in a stable way. Accretors are found if neutron stars have magnetic fields about 10 13 G and higher and/or in close systems with orbital periods about a
Flow and slip process of Santotrac 50‐based lubricant under high shear by molecular dynamic simulation

We investigate flow and slip behaviour of Santotrac 50 molecules under high shear in Couette cell by means of Molecular Dynamic simulation to understand reduced friction force. Molecular chain stretches and oriented to shear direction, and move. Slip starts on metal surface at 2 × 108 s−1, and increases with shear rate. Slip length keeps scale at nanometre. Molecular conformation and occurrence of slip both indicate a reduced shear stress. Furthermore, when changing wettability, slip length increases in power law and thus decreases shear stress greatly. Occurrence of low‐density region near surface can explain slip. And thus, we extended apparent slip model, which divided lubricant into liquid layers with different viscosities, to elucidate the relationship between molecule distribution inner layer and slip on surface influenced by shear velocity and wettability. Above all, our research sheds light on flow and slip behaviour of complex fluid and can be applied in improving lubrication property.
Controller synthesis for switched systems using approximate dynamic programming

Zhang, Wei. Ph.D., Purdue University, December, 2009. Controller Synthesis for Switched Systems Using Approximate Dynamic Programming. Major Professor: Jianghai Hu. This thesis develops an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) framework for solving optimal control and stabilization problems for a general discrete-time switched nonlinear system. Some important properties of the relaxed value iterations are derived. It is shown that under some mild conditions, the solution generated by the ADP algorithm is exponentially stabilizing and suboptimal. Furthermore, an important connection between the optimal control problem and the exponential stabilization problem is established. It is proved that a switched nonlinear system is exponentially stabilizable if and only if certain finite-horizon approximate value function of a related optimal control problem is an exponentially stabilizing controlLaypunov function (ECLF). This converse ECLF theorem makes the ADP a universal tool for solving the exponential stabilization problem of a general switched nonlinear system. In addition to the general ADP results, the optimal quadratic regulation problem for switched linear systems (DSLQR problem) is studied in details. A new concept, called the relaxed switched Riccati mapping, is introduced to characterize the relaxed value iteration of the DSLQR problem and an efficient algorithm is proposed to compute the iteration and the corresponding suboptimal policy. Furthermore, a stronger converse ECLF theorem is obtained for switched linear systems. It is shown that a switched linear system is exponentially stabilizable if and only if certain finite-horizon approximate value function of a related DSLQR problem is an ECLF. By the DSLQR results, we also know that this ECLF is piecewise quadratic. This result justifies many of the earlier controller synthesis methods that have adopted xiii piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions for convenience or heuristic reasons. An efficient algorithm based on certain suboptimal solution of the DSLQR problem is also proposed, which is guaranteed to yield an exponentially stabilizing policy, whenever the system is exponentially stabilizable.
Analytical solvability and exact simulation in models with affine stochastic volatility and Lévy jumps

We investigate analytical solvability of models with affine stochastic volatility (SV) and Lévy jumps by deriving a unified formula for the conditional moment generating function of the log‐asset price and providing the condition under which this new formula is explicit. The results lay a foundation for a range of valuation, calibration, and econometric problems. We then combine our theoretical results, the Hilbert transform method, various interpolation techniques, with the dimension reduction technique to propose unified simulation schemes for solvable models with affine SV and Lévy jumps. In contrast to traditional exact simulation methods, our approach is applicable to a broad class of models, maintains good accuracy, and enables efficient pricing of discretely monitored path‐dependent derivatives. We analyze various sources of errors arising from the simulation approach and present error bounds. Finally, extensive numerical results demonstrate that our method is highly accurate, efficient, simple to implement, and widely applicable.
Theory of Superconductivity in the Cuprates

The quantum critical fluctuations of the time-reversal breaking order parameter which is observed in the pseudogap regime of the Cuprates are shown to couple to the lattice equivalent of the local angular momentum of the fermions. Such a coupling favors scattering of fermions through angles close to $\pm \pi/2$ which is unambiguously shown to promote d-wave pairing. The right order of magnitude of both $T_c$ and the normalized zero temperature gap $\Delta/T_c$ are calculated using the same fluctuations which give the temperature, frequency and momentum dependence of the the anomalous normal state properties for dopings near the quantum-critical value and with two parameters extracted from fit to such experiments.
Clustering phenomena and high-energy reactions

The translation-invariant shell model is used to describe quasielastic knockout reactions induced by highenergy hadrons. Fractional parentage coefficients are calculated in great detail. Specific reactions are considered with targets of /sup 12/C, /sup 16/C, /sup 14/N, and /sup 6/Li. (AIP)
Localization of reinforced random walks

We describe and analyze how reinforced random walks can eventually localize, i.e. only visit finitely many sites. After introducing vertex and edge selfinteracting walks on a discrete graph in a general setting, and stating the main results and conjectures so far on the topic, we present martingale techniques that provide an alternative proof of the a.s. localization of vertex-reinforced random walks (VRRWs) on the integers on finitely many sites and, with positive probability, on five consecutive sites, initially proved by Pemantle and Volkov (1999,[11]). Next we introduce the continuous time-lines representation (sometimes called Rubin construction) and its martingale counterpart, and explain how it has been used to prove localization of some reinforced walks on one attracting edge. Then we show how a modified version of this construction enables one to propose a new short proof of the a.s. localization of VRRWs on five sites on Z.
S OLUTION : B YZANTINE C LUSTER -S ENDING IN E XPECTED C ONSTANT C OST AND C ONSTANT T IME

Traditional resilient systems operate on fully-replicated fault-tolerant clusters, which limits their scalability and performance. One way to make the step towards resilient high-performance systems that can deal with huge workloads is by enabling independent fault-tolerant clusters to efficiently communicate and cooperate with each other, as this also enables the usage of high-performance techniques such as sharding. Recently, such inter-cluster communication was formalized as the Byzantine cluster-sending problem . Unfortunately, existing worst-case optimal protocols for cluster-sending all have linear complexity in the size of the clusters involved. In this paper, we propose probabilistic cluster-sending techniques as a solution for the cluster-sending problem with only an expected constant message complexity , this independent of the size of the clusters involved and this even in the presence of highly unreliable communication. Depending on the robustness of the clusters involved, our techniques require only two-to-four message round-trips (without communication failures). Furthermore, our protocols can support worst-case linear communication between clusters. Finally, we have put our techniques to the test in an in-depth experimental evaluation that further underlines the exceptional low expected costs of our techniques in comparison with other protocols. As such, our work provides a strong foundation for the further development of resilient high-performance systems.
The spectral energy distribution of galaxies at z > 2.5: Implications from the Herschel/SPIRE color–color diagram

We use the Herschel SPIRE color-color diagram to study the spectral energy distribution ( SED) and the redshift estimation of high-z galaxies. We compiled a sample of 57 galaxies with spectroscopically confirmed redshifts and SPIRE detections in all three bands at z = 2.5-6.4, and compared their average SPIRE colors with SED templates from local and high-z libraries. We find that local SEDs are inconsistent with high-z observations. The local calibrations of the parameters need to be adjusted to describe the average colors of high-z galaxies. For high-z libraries, the templates with an evolution from z = 0 to 3 can well describe the average colors of the observations at high redshift. Using these templates, we defined color cuts to divide the SPIRE color-color diagram into different regions with different mean redshifts. We tested this method and two other color cut methods using a large sample of 783 Herschel-selected galaxies, and find that although these methods can separate the sample into populations with different mean redshifts, the dispersion of redshifts in each population is considerably large. Additional information is needed for better sampling.
Naturalistic Entheogenics: Précis of Philosophy of Psychedelics (Preprint – 8 th 2021)

In this précis I summarise the main ideas of my book Philosophy of Psychedelics (Letheby 2021). The book discusses philosophical issues arising from the therapeutic use of “classic” (serotonergic) psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and LSD. The book is organised around what I call the Comforting Delusion Objection to psychedelic therapy: the concern that this novel and promising treatment relies essentially on the induction of non-naturalistic metaphysical beliefs, rendering it epistemically (and perhaps, therefore, ethically) objectionable. In the book I develop a response to the Objection which involves naturalizing the Entheogenic Conception of psychedelics: showing that a traditional conception of psychedelics as agents of insight and spirituality is both consistent with a naturalistic worldview and plausible in light of current scientific knowledge.
Competing mechanisms for step meandering in unstable growth

The meander instability of a vicinal surface growing under step flow conditions is studied within a solid-on-solid model. In the absence of edge diffusion the selected meander wavelength agrees quantitatively with the continuum linear stability analysis of Bales and Zangwill [Phys. Rev. B $41,$ 4400 (1990)]. In the presence of edge diffusion a local instability mechanism related to kink rounding barriers dominates, and the meander wavelength is set by one-dimensional nucleation. The long-time behavior of the meander amplitude differs in the two cases, and disagrees with the predictions of a nonlinear step evolution equation [O. Pierre-Louis et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. $80,$ 4221 (1998)]. The variation of the meander wavelength with the deposition flux and with the activation barriers for step adatom detachment and step crossing (the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier) is studied in detail. The interpretation of recent experiments on surfaces vicinal to Cu(100) [T. Maroutian et al., Phys. Rev. B $64,$ 165401 (2001)] in the light of our results yields an estimate for the kink rounding barrier at the close-packed steps.
On the shape of invading population in oriented environments

We analyze the properties of population spreading in environments with spatial anisotropy within the frames of a lattice model of asymmetric (biased) random walkers. The expressions for the universal shape characteristics of the instantaneous configuration of population, such as asphericity $A$ and prolateness $S$ are found analytically and proved to be dependent only on the asymmetric transition probabilities in different directions. The model under consideration is shown to capture, in particular, the peculiarities of invasion in presence of an array of oriented tubes (fibers) in the environment.
Result Generalizability and Detection of Discrepant Data Points: Illustrating the Jackknife Method.

The jackknife, as refined by J. Tukey (1958), is a valuable tool for the internal replication of a study. The jackknife statistic is particularly useful with small sample sizes. Large samples are labor intensive, and other methods better address this situation. The jackknife procedure involves the use of a single sample drawn from a normally distributed population. The jackknife procedure is a general method for reducing the bias in an estimator while providing a measure of the variance of the resulting estimator by sample reuse. The essence of the jackknife approach is to partition out the impact of a particular subset of the data on an estimate derived from the total sample. The method attempts to determine if any one case or group of cases exerts an inappropriate influence on the overall statistic of interest. To illustrate the value of the jackknife, an example is presented that uses actual educational research data. The study (B. White and L. Daniel, 1999) concerned career motivations of persons planning to teach. (Contains 4 tables and 13 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Illustrating the Jackknife Method Result Generalizability and Detection of Discrepant Data Points U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) IE1This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Energy function analysis for power system stability

1 Power System Stability in Single Machine System. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Statement of the Stability Problem. - 1.3 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem. - 1.4 Modeling Issues. - 1.5 Motivation Through Single Machine Infinite Bus System. - 1.6 Chapter Outline. - 2 Energy Functions for Classical Models. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Internal Node Representation. - 2.3 Energy Functions for Internal Node Models. - 2.4 Individual Machine and other Energy Functions. - 2.5 Structure Preserving Energy Functions. - 2.6 Alternative Form of the Structure Preserving Energy Function. - 2.7 Positive Definiteness of the Energy Integral. - 2.8 Tsolas-Araposthasis-Varaiya Model. - 3 Reduced Order Energy Functions. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Individual Machine and Group Energy Function. - 3.3 Simplified Form of the Individual Machine Energy Function. - 3.4 Cutset Energy Function. - 3.5 Example of Cutset Energy Function. - 3.6 Extended Equal Area Criterion (EEAC). - 3.7 The Quasi Unstable Equilibrium Point (QUEP) Method. - 3.8 Decomposition-Aggregation Method. - 3.9 Time Scale Energies. - 4 Energy Functions with Detailed Models of Synchronous Machines and Its Control. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Single Machine System With Flux Decay Model. - 4.3 Multi-Machine Systems With Flux Decay Model (Method of Parameter Variations). - 4.4 Lyapunov Functions for Multi-Machine Systems With Flux Decay Model. - 4.5 Multi-Machine Systems With Flux Decay Models and AVR. - 4.6 Energy Functions With Detailed Models. - 4.7 Lyapunov Function for Multi-Machine Systems With Flux Decay and Nonlinear Voltage Dependent Loads. - 5 Region of Stability in Power Systems. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Characterization of the Stability Boundary. - 5.3 Region of Stability. - 5.4 Method of Hyperplanes and Hypersurfaces. - 5.5 Potential Energy Boundary Surface (PEBS) Method. - 5.6 Hybrid Method Using the Gradient System. - 6 Practical Applications of the Energy Function Method. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 The Controlling u.e. p. Method. - 6.3 Modifications to the Controlling u.e. p. Method. - 6.4 Potential Energy Boundary Surface (PEBS) Method. - 6.5 Mode of Instability (MOI) Method. - 6.6 Dynamic Security Assessment. - 7 Future Research Issues. - Appendix A 10 Machine 39 Bus System Data. - References.
Phase space analysis of a FRW cosmology in the Maxwell–Cattaneo approach

In this work, we present a phase space analysis of a spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) model in which the dark matter fluid is modeled as an imperfect fluid having bulk viscosity. The bulk viscosity is governed by the Maxwell–Cattaneo approach. The rest of the components of the model — radiation and dark energy — are treated as perfect fluids. Imposing a complete cosmological dynamics and taking into account a recent constraint on the dark matter equation-of-state (EOS), we obtain bound on the bulk viscosity. We show that is possible to describe transitions from radiation-dominated to matter-dominated period, which then evolves to a stable accelerated solution of late time. At early time, before the radiation-dominated epoch, the model suggests the presence of an unstable stiff matter solution which is not possible to associate with a viable configuration in the early universe.
Influence of asymmetry and nodal structures on high-harmonic generation in heteronuclear molecules

The relation between high-harmonic spectra and the geometry of the molecular orbital in position and momentum space is investigated. In particular we choose two isoelectronic pairs of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecules, such that the highest occupied molecular orbital of the former exhibits at least one nodal plane. The imprint of such planes is a strong suppression in the harmonic spectra, for particular alignment angles. We are able to identify two distinct types of nodal structures. If, for homonuclear molecules, the nodal planes are determined by the atomic wavefunctions only, the angle for which the yield is suppressed will remain the same for both types of molecules. In contrast, if they are determined by the linear combination of atomic orbitals at different centers of the molecule, there will be a shift in the angle at which the suppression occurs and a distortion in the nodal structure for the heteronuclear molecule, with respect to its homonuclear counterpart. This shows that, in principle, molecular imaging, in which a homonuclear molecule is used as a reference while observing the wavefunction distortions in its heteronuclear counterpart, is possible.
Self-energy and critical temperature of weakly interacting bosons

Using the exact renormalization group we calculate the momentum-dependent self-energy {sigma}(k) at zero frequency of weakly interacting bosons at the critical temperature T{sub c} of Bose-Einstein condensation in dimensions 3{ 3 and {sigma}(k){proportional_to}ln(k/k{sub c}) in D=3. Our approach yields the crossover scale k{sub c} on the same footing with a reasonable estimate for the critical exponent {eta} in D=3. From our {sigma}(k) we find for the interaction-induced shift of T{sub c} in three dimensions {delta}T{sub c}/T{sub c}{approx_equal}1.23an{sup 1/3}, where a is the s-wave scattering length and n is the density.
On the Computation of a Global Covariance Model.

Abstract : The report treats the problem of determining a global covariance function if the following data are given: the variances of the gravity anomalies, the variance of second-order gradients, the correlation length, and the lower degree variances. The proposed covariance model is a linear combination of the reciprocal distance covariance function and a covariance function of logarithmic type. It is found that the correlation length is already fixed, within rather narrow limits, by the remaining data. (Author)
Quantum limits to gravity estimation with optomechanics

We present a table-top quantum estimation protocol to measure the gravitational acceleration $g$ by using an optomechanical cavity. In particular, we exploit the non-linear quantum light-matter interaction between an optical field and a massive mirror acting as mechanical oscillator. The gravitational field influences the system dynamics affecting the phase of the cavity field during the interaction. Reading out such phase carried by the radiation leaking from the cavity, we provide an estimate of the gravitational acceleration through interference measurements. Contrary to previous studies, having adopted a fully quantum description, we are able to propose a quantum analysis proving the ultimate bound to the estimability of the gravitational acceleration and verifying optimality of homodyne detection. Noticeably, thanks to the light-matter decoupling at the measurement time, no initial cooling of the mechanical oscillator is in principle demanded.
Radio–infrared correlation for local dusty galaxies and dusty AGNs from the AKARI All-Sky Survey

We use the new release of the AKARI Far-Infrared all sky Survey matched with the NVSS radio database to investigate the local ($z<0.25$) far infrared-radio correlation (FIRC) of different types of extragalactic sources. To obtain the redshift information for the AKARI FIS sources we crossmatch the catalogue with the SDSS DR8. This also allows us to use emission line properties to divide sources into four categories: i) star-forming galaxies (SFGs), ii) composite galaxies (displaying both star-formation and active nucleus components), iii) Seyfert galaxies, and iv) low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxies. We find that the Seyfert galaxies have the lowest FIR/radio flux ratios and display excess radio emission when compared to the SFGs. We conclude that FIRC can be used to separate SFGs and AGNs only for the most radio-loud objects.