Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
μ-Opioid Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Region Mediate the Effects of Amphetamine on Inhibitory Control But Not Impulsive Choice

Acute challenges with psychostimulants such as amphetamine affect impulsive behavior in both animals and humans. With regard to amphetamine, it is important to unravel how this drug affects impulsivity since it is not only a widely abused recreational drug but also regularly prescribed to ameliorate maladaptive impulsivity. Therefore, we studied the effects of amphetamine in two rat models of impulsivity, the five-choice serial reaction time task and the delayed-reward task, providing measures of inhibitory control and impulsive choice, respectively. We focused on the role of opioid receptor activation in amphetamine-induced impulsivity as there is ample evidence indicating an important role for endogenous opioids in several behavioral and neurochemical effects of amphetamine. Results showed that amphetamine-induced inhibitory control deficits were dose-dependently attenuated by the preferential μ-opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, but not by the selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole or κ-opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI (nor-binaltorphimine dihydrochloride). In contrast, naloxone did not affect amphetamine-induced improvements in impulsive decision making. Naloxone also completely prevented inhibitory control deficits induced by GBR 12909 [1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy] ethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride], a selective dopamine transporter inhibitor. Intracranial infusions of naloxone, the selective μ-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP (H-d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2), morphine, and the selective μ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO ([d-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin acetate salt) revealed that μ-opioid receptor activation in the shell rather than the core subregion of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) modulates inhibitory control and subserves the effect of amphetamine thereon. Together, these results indicate an important role for NAc shell μ-opioid receptors in the regulation of inhibitory control, probably via an interaction between these receptors and the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Cyberbullying in Portuguese Schools: Prevalence and Characteristics

ABSTRACT This study examined the extent and nature of cyberbullying in 23 Portuguese schools. A sample of 3,525 sixth-, eighth-, and eleventh-grade students completed a self-response questionnaire assessing their perceptions and experiences of cyberbullying. The findings showed that 7.6% of students have been victimized, and 3.9% have bullied others at least once over the last year. The incidences of victimization were higher for females and for the older students. In contrast, more boys reported having bullied others in the eleventh grade. The most frequent medium of cyberbullying was via websites, whilst sending offensive messages was the most widely reported type of behavior. Telling someone about cyberbullying is among the most frequent coping strategies used by cybervictims, who usually chose to tell their friends rather than adults. Implications of these findings for students, schools, and parents are discussed.
A Biarticulated Robotic Leg for Jumping Movements: Theory and Experiments

This paper investigates the extent to which biarticular actuation mechanisms―spring― driven redundant actuation schemes that extend over two joints, similar in function to biarticular muscles found in legged animals―improve the performance of jumping and other fast explosive robot movements. Robust numerical optimization algorithms that take into account the complex dynamics of both the redundantly actuated system and frictional contact forces are developed. We then quantitatively evaluate the gains in vertical jumping vis-a-vis monoarticular and biarticular joint actuation schemes and examine the effects of spring stiffness and activation angle on overall jump performance. Both numerical simulations and experiments with a hardware prototype of a biarticular legged robot are reported.
Content oriented relations between text units—a structural model for hypertexts

A common feature of various recently developed information systems is the decomposition of linear document structures which are enforced by conventional print media. Instead, a network organization of information units of different forms (textual, graphical, pictorial and even auditive presentation modes may be combined) is provided. Documents organized this way are called “hypertexts”. However, two questions arise immediately when an effort is made to build information systems on the basis of this conception:What are the “units” constituting a hypertext? What sort of links between the units will be provided? Most approaches to hypertext systems impose the task of deciding these questions on the authors of hypertexts, thus the systems are hypertext management devices (e.g. CHRISTODOULAKlS ET AL. 86, WOELK ET AL. 86). The approach taken in this paper leaves a more active role to the software by applying knowledge based techniques. The starting point is the automatic content analysis of machine-readable full-text documents which may be downloaded from a full-text data base. The analysis process results in a partitioning of the document into thematically coherent text passages, which are one kind of node of the hypertextual version of this document. Other nodes contain graphics, tables and summarizations. The content analysis is accomplished by a semantic parser, which has access to an explicit model of the discourse domain. The TOPIC-System (HAHN/REIMER 86) comprises prototypical implementations of these components. Due to the semantic modeling relations between the nodes may be formally defined in order to provide content oriented browsing facilities. The graphical retrieval system TOPOGRAPHIC (THIEL/HAMMWÖHNER 87) employs an already implemented subset of them to guide users to relevant text parts. In this paper we outline a structure model for hypertexts based on partial representations of the meaning of text parts. Formal definitions of content oriented relations between such text units are given in terms of a logic specification language.
Enhancement of job allocation in private Cloud by distributed processing

Cloud computing is a distributed computation, which delivers hosted services over the internet to provide easy access to multiple services. The main focus area of the Cloud computing is related to the next generation data centers and enables application. The service providers to lease data center capabilities for deploying applications depending on user quality of service requirements. Cloud applications have different composition, configuration, and deployment requirements. Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This paper focus on the efficiently jobs handling by Markovian M/M/n and M/M/c/N queuing model by means of distributed computing and resource handling by non preemptive task scheduling. This paper presents the various simulation results with respect to private cloud by the distributed jobs processing for the large and complex network architecture.
LEO Download Capacity Analysis for a Network of Adaptive Array Ground Stations

To lower costs and reduce latency, a network of adaptive array ground stations, distributed across the United States, is considered for the downlink of a polar-orbiting low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite. Assuming the X-band 105 Mbps transmitter of NASA s Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) satellite with a simple line-of-sight propagation model, the average daily download capacity in bits for a network of adaptive array ground stations is compared to that of a single 11 m dish in Poker Flats, Alaska. Each adaptive array ground station is assumed to have multiple steerable antennas, either mechanically steered dishes or phased arrays that are mechanically steered in azimuth and electronically steered in elevation. Phased array technologies that are being developed for this application are the space-fed lens (SFL) and the reflectarray. Optimization of the different boresight directions of the phased arrays within a ground station is shown to significantly increase capacity; for example, this optimization quadruples the capacity for a ground station with eight SFLs. Several networks comprising only two to three ground stations are shown to meet or exceed the capacity of the big dish, Cutting the data rate by half, which saves modem costs and increases the coverage area of each ground station, is shown to increase the average daily capacity of the network for some configurations.
Assessment of a web-based Guided Self-Determination intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes in general practice: a study protocol

Introduction Self-management is deemed the cornerstone in overall diabetes management. Web-based self-management interventions have potential to support adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in managing their disease. Owing to somewhat ambiguous results of such interventions, interventions should be theory-based and incorporate well-defined counselling methods and techniques for behavioural change. This study is designed to assess the effectiveness of a theory-driven web-based Guided Self-Determination (GSD) intervention among adults with T2DM in general practice to improve diabetes self-management behaviours and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods and analysis A complex intervention design based on the framework of the UK Medical Research Council is employed as a guide for developing the intervention, assessing its feasibility and evaluating its effectiveness. The study consists of three phases: (1) the modelling phase adapting the original GSD programme for adults with T2DM, using a qualitative design, (2) feasibility assessment of the adapted intervention on the web, employing qualitative and quantitative methods and (3) evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention on diabetes self-management behaviours and HbA1c, using a quasi-experimental design. The first phase, which is completed, and the second phase, which is underway, will provide important information about the development of the intervention and its acceptability, whereas the third phase will assess the effectiveness of this systematically developed intervention. Ethics and dissemination The Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REK west number 2015/60) has approved the study design. Patients recruited in the different phases will fill out an informed consent form prior to inclusion and will be guaranteed anonymity and the right to withdraw from the study at any time. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals, electronically and in print, and presented at research conferences. Trial registration number: NCT02575599.
Arabic news: topic and novelty detection

Large number of Internet users in the Arab World uses the Internet as their main source of information. There are many news publishers and agencies that compete to gain the largest percentage of Arab visitors to their Web sites. Also these agencies received a continuous stream of news articles each day, and therefore there is a need for an automated system to identify new news items to inform the employee in these agencies about it, while this system has to neglect old news articles. This study demonstrates a novelty detection system, which used to identify the topic of each Arabic news item, besides identifying the novelty of each Arabic news item.
Use of Nucleotide Composition Analysis To Infer Hosts for Three Novel Picorna-Like Viruses

ABSTRACT Nearly complete genome sequences of three novel RNA viruses were acquired from the stool of an Afghan child. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these viruses belong to the picorna-like virus superfamily. Because of their unique genomic organization and deep phylogenetic roots, we propose these viruses, provisionally named calhevirus, tetnovirus-1, and tetnovirus-2, as prototypes of new viral families. A newly developed nucleotide composition analysis (NCA) method was used to compare mononucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies for RNA viruses infecting mammals, plants, or insects. Using a large training data set of 284 representative picornavirus-like genomic sequences with defined host origins, NCA correctly identified the kingdom or phylum of the viral host for >95% of picorna-like viruses. NCA predicted an insect host origin for the 3 novel picorna-like viruses. Their presence in human stool therefore likely reflects ingestion of insect-contaminated food. As metagenomic analyses of different environments and organisms continue to yield highly divergent viral genomes NCA provides a rapid and robust method to identify their likely cellular hosts.
Dissecting an intermediate-mass protostar. Chemical differentiation in IC 1396 N

Aims: We aim to unveil the physical conditions and structure of the intermediate mass (IM) protostar IRAS 21391+5802 (IC 1396 N) on scales of 1000 AU. Methods: We carried out high angular resolution (1farcs4) observations in both the continuum at 3.1 mm and the N2H+ 1 → 0, CH3CN 5k → 4k and 13CS 2 → 1 lines using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). In addition, we merged the PdBI images with previous BIMA (continuum data at 1.2 mm and 3.1 mm) and single-dish (N2H+ 1 → 0) data to obtain a comprehensive description of the region. Results: The combination of our data with BIMA and 30 m data show that the associated bipolar outflow has completely eroded the initial molecular globule. The 1.2 mm and 3.1 mm continuum emissions are extended along the outflow axis tracing the warm walls of the biconical cavity. Most of the molecular gas is, however, located in an elongated feature in the direction perpendicular to the outflow. A strong chemical differentiation is detected across the molecular toroid, the N2H+ 1 → 0 emission being absent in the inner region. Conclusions: Our PdBI data show two different regions in IC 1396 N: (i) the young stellar objects (YSO) BIMA 3 and the protocluster BIMA 2, both were detected in dust continuum emission and one of the individual cores in BIMA 2, IRAM 2A, in the CH3CN 5k → 4k line; and (ii) the clumps and filaments that were only detected in the N2H+ 1 → 0 line. The clumps belonging to this second group are located in the molecular toroid perpendicular to the outflow, and mainly along the walls of the biconical cavity. This chemical differentiation can be understood in terms of the different gas kinetic temperature. The CH3CN abundance towards IRAM 2A is similar to that found in hot corinos and lower than that expected towards IM and high mass hot cores. This indicates that IRAM 2A is a low mass or a Herbig Ae star instead of the precursor of a massive Be star. Alternatively, the low CH3CN abundance could be the consequence of IRAM 2A being a class 0/I transition object that has already formed a small photodissociation region (PDR).
Simplified gate level noise injection models for behavioral noise coupling simulation

In CMOS digital logic, there are two major noise sources requiring consideration. These are a circuit's power supply current and its noise current injected into the substrate of the circuit. This paper proposes a method for modeling and estimating the noise current injected into the substrate by capacitive coupling in digital circuits. The simplicity of the model and the reduction of details in the technology libraries facilitates behavioral level noise coupling simulation. The model is exemplified and evaluated for a simple NOT gate test case, for which the accuracy and simplicity of the models show great promise for simulation at the behavioral level.
A Multiple Decomposed Approach for RelevantFunctions in Information

A model on indexing for information retrieval is presented in this paper. As a way to reduce the limitations over relevant functions, we propose an architecture which incorporates multilevel functional decomposition to ascribe the documents based on users' concept spaces. The higher level can obtain taxonomies for documents based on cata-loguers' Boolean indexing opinions. The lower level will provide the degrees for these taxonomies based on cataloguers' authorities. Based on diierent demands from users, two kinds of aggregating relevance approaches are possible in this model, which can avoid the disadvantages of using Dempster's rule in the Dempster-Shafer indexing models.
Experiences from Implementing a Mobile Multiplayer Real-Time Game for Wireless Networks with High Latency

This paper describes results and experiences from designing, implementing, and testing a multiplayer real-time game over mobile networks with high latency. The paper reports on network latency and bandwidth measurements from playing the game live over GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, and WLAN using the TCP and the UDP protocols. These measurements describe the practical constraints of various wireless networks and protocols when used for mobile multiplayer game purposes. Further, the paper reports on experiences from implementing various approaches to minimize issues related to high latency. Specifically, the paper focuses on a discussion about how much of the game should run locally on the client versus on the server to minimize the load on the mobile device and obtain sufficient consistency in the game. The game was designed to reveal all kinds of implementation issues of mobile network multiplayer games. The goal of the game is for a player to push other players around and into traps where they loose their lives. The game relies heavily on collision detection between the players and game objects. The paper presents experiences from experimenting with various approaches that can be used to handle such collisions, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches.
Identification of an inhibitory budding signal that blocks the release of HIV particles and exosome/microvesicle proteins

We identify and characterize an inhibitory budding signal that acts dominantly to block the budding of otherwise budding-competent proteins, both viral and nonviral, and impairs the budding of several classic, budding-deficient HIV mutants. These findings expand our understanding of EMV biogenesis and resolve a number of previously paradoxical observations regarding the budding of HIV.
PHASE-BASED SEGMENTATION OF CELLS FROM BRIGHTFIELD MICROSCOPY

Segmentation of transparent cells in brightfield microscopy images could facilitate the quantitative analysis of corresponding fluorescence images. However, this presents a challenge due to irregular morphology and weak intensity variation, particularly in ultra-thin regions. A boundary detection technique is applied to a series of variable focus images whereby a level set contour is initialised on a defocused image with improved intensity contrast, and subsequently evolved towards the correct boundary using images of improving focus. Local phase coherence is used to identify features within the images, driving contour evolution particularly in near-focus images which lack intensity contrast. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in segmenting the main cell body regions
The Effectiveness of Team-Based Learning on Academic Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

Team-based learning (TBL) is a pedagogical method developed as a response to the problems of large classes. Since its development, TBL has been widely used by educators in many fields, but there has not been a quantitative synthesis of the literature. We meta-analyzed the literature on TBL’s relation to academic outcomes and found 38 publications that met our inclusion criteria. Based on those publications, on average TBL courses produced better learning outcomes a little less than . 5 standard deviation higher than did the comparison pedagogical methods. There was a great deal of variability in the effect sizes across studies, however. Although some of this variability may be explained by differences between education levels or course content, it does not explain much of the variation. Thus, our findings suggest that more research is needed to determine the factors that make TBL most effective.
A pr 2 00 1 K-theory of Morse geodesics

We develop the K-theory of a C∗–algebra Oλ which represents the leaf space of measured foliations studied by Novikov, Masur, Thurston and Veech. The K-theory construction is based on the coding of geodesic lines due to Koebe and Morse. This method allows to calculate the range of Elliott group (K0, K + 0 , [1]) of Oλ, to establish a condition of strict ergodicity of the interval exchange transformations and to prove the Keane conjecture.
The Protective Role of Mitochondrial Ferritin on Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis

Ferroptosis, a newly identified form of regulated cell death, is characterized by overwhelming iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Preventing cellular iron overload by reducing iron uptake and increasing iron storage may contribute to inhibit ferroptosis. Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is an iron-storage protein that is located in the mitochondria, which has a significant role in modulating cellular iron metabolism. Recent studies showed that FtMt played inhibitory effects on oxidative stress-dependent neuronal cell damage. However, the potential role of FtMt in the progress of ferroptosis in neuronal cells has not been studied. To explore this, we established ferroptosis models of cell and drosophila by erastin treatment. We found that overexpression of FtMt in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells significantly inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis, which very likely was achieved by regulation of iron homeostasis. Upon erastin treatment, significant increases of cellular labile iron pool (LIP) and cytosolic ROS were observed in wild-type SH-SY5Y cells, but not in the FtMt-overexpressed cells. Consistent with that, the alterations of iron-related proteins in FtMt-overexpressed cells were different from that of the control cells. We further investigated the role of FtMt in erastin-induced ferroptosis in transgenic drosophila. We found that the wild-type drosophilas fed an erastin-containing diet didn't survive more than 3 weeks. In contrast, the FtMt overexpressing drosophilas fed the same diet were survival very well. These results indicated that FtMt played a protective role in erastin-induced ferroptosis.