Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusing functional magnetic resonance image and electrophysiological data during face processing using joint independent component analysis

The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research on face processing have found that the significant activation by face stimuli mainly locailized at the occipital temporal lobe especilly the fusiform gyrus. However, fMRI cannot reflect the face processing as time changes. Event-related potential (ERP) can record electrophysiological changes induced by neuronal activation in time, but spatial information is not well localized. Fusing fMRI and ERP data can perform that how the fMRI activation changes as time move at each ERP time point. Although most of fuse methods perform to analysis by constraint ERP or fMRI data, joint independent component analysis (jICA) method can equally use the ERP and fMRI data and simultaneously examine electrophysiologic and hemodynamic response. In this paper, we use jICA method to analysis two modalities in common data space in order to examine the dynamics of face stimuli response. The results showed that the ERP component N170 response associated with middle occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and parahippocampa gyrus for face. Likewise, for non-face, the N170 component was mainly related to parahippocampa gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus. Further studying on the correlation of the localized ERP response and corresponding average ERP, it was also concluded that the spatial activations related to N170 response induced by face stimulus located in fusiform gyrus, and that induced by non-face stimulus located in parahippocampa gyrus. From the result, fusing fMRI and ERP data by jICA not only provides the time information on fMRI and the spatial source of ERP component, but also reflects spatiotemporal change during face processing.
Controlled circular magnetization of electrical steel in Rotational Single Sheet Testers

A new waveform control algorithm for Rotational Single Sheet Testers (RSST) is presented. The new algorithm achieves circular magnetization for high induction levels even in samples of grain-oriented silicon steel sheets. The algorithm is based on the circuit model of the system and takes the coupling between the two phases of the RSST into account. Identification of the parameters of the measurement setup with the Least Squares (LS) method avoids preliminary measurements on the sample and the setup. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated by measurements on a grain-oriented sample. The algorithm is universally applicable and allows fully automated measurements.
Health related quality of life among people with mental illness: The role of socio-clinical characteristics and level of functional disability

Background People with mental illness (PWMI) have declining health related quality of life (HRQoL), which is frequently equivalent to or greater than that of medical disorders. Although, HRQoL is rapidly being recognized as an essential treatment outcome indicator in modern psychiatry, research on the identification and significance of factors impacting QoL in PWMI is still in its early stages. Objective The aim of this study was to identify predictors of HRQoL among people with mental illness who underwent outpatient follow-up in Sidama region, southern Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study from April-1, to May-30, 2022. A total of 412 participants took part in the study, using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The HRQoL was measured using the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey-Version 2 (SF-12v2) scale. To describe different variables, descriptive statistics were employed. To find independent HRQoL predictors, we used multivariable linear regression analysis. P-value of <0.05 were declared statistically significant at 95% confidence interval (CI). Result Out of 412 participants, nearly two-third 261 (63.3%) were male and nearly half 203 (49.3%) were diagnosed as schizophrenia. HRQoL was positively associated with social support (β = 0.321) and being single (β = 2.680). Conversely, functional disability (β = −0.545), being a student (β = −4.645) and jobless (β = −3.279) by occupation, and being diagnosed with depression (β = −2.839) were negatively impacted HRQoL among PWMI. Conclusion HRQoL of people with mental disorders in this study was significantly associated to social support, marital status, occupation, diagnosis and level of functional disability. Therefore, the mental health care system should develop HRQoL promoting measures that enhance PWMI functioning, social support and employment.
Investigation on buckling of Timoshenko nanobeams resting on Winkler-Pasternak foundations in a non-uniform thermal environment via stress-driven nonlocal elasticity and nonlocal heat conduction

Abstract This study investigates the size-dependent buckling behavior of Timoshenko nanobeams resting on Winkler-Pasternak foundations in a non-uniform thermal environment. A non-uniform temperature distribution is established through nonlocal heat conduction. Subsequently, the equivalent thermal load due to the obtained temperature distribution and boundary constraints is derived using the governing equations of the axial thermal deformation of the beams based on the stress-driven nonlocal elastic model. To obtain the critical buckling load of the nanobeams, the quadrature element method is used to numerically resolve the eigenvalue problem. In the numerical simulation section, we have presented a series of examples to analyze the effects of length-to-height ratios, nonlocal scale parameters, and Winkler-Pasternak foundation parameters on the buckling loads of the nanobeams under various boundary conditions. Moreover, we examine the effect of comprehensively considering both the elastic and thermal nonlocality on the thermal loads and finally mechanical buckling loads.
Correlation between duration of untreated psychosis and long-term prognosis in chronic schizophrenia

Objective To explore the relationship between the Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) and long-term clinical outcome, cognitive and social function in patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods A total of 248 subjects with chronic SCZ were enrolled in this study, including 156 in the short DUP group and 92 in the long DUP group. The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were used to assess all of the subjects. Results The negative symptom scores (the PANSS and BNSS) of subjects with long DUP were significantly higher than that in subjects with short DUP. The scores of visual span and speech function in the short DUP group were significantly higher, indicative of decreasing cognitive function with time. In terms of social function, the short DUP group scored higher, with a statistically significant difference. Meanwhile, we found that the length of DUP was positively correlated with the negative symptom score of the PANSS, negatively correlated with visual span scores, and GAF scores. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the DUP remained a significant association with negative symptom and cognition in long period of chronic SCZ.
Scattering by parallel conducting circular cylinders

The multiple scattering by two parallel conducting circular cylinders is considered. The total scattered field is divided into two components, namely a noninteraction term and a term due to all interactions between the cylinders. The noninteraction term is expressed exactly, whereas the interaction field is evaluated using the method of moments. It is found that this technique leads to an efficient solution for both the monostatic and bistatic scattering by cylinders of large radii. The computational advantages of this technique over classical boundary value and numerical solutions are presented.
Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Divergence and Clouds along California in June 1996

The authors have performed a numerical experiment using Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) with a horizontal resolution of 9 km to simulate hourly atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics along the U.S. California coast for all of June 1996. The MM5 results were evaluated using more than 18 000 data points from wind profilers, radiosondes, buoys, and land stations; the results support the use of modeled dynamics for reliable monthly statistics and calculation of diurnal variations. Month-long mesoscale simulations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and satellite observations have been used to investigate the diurnal variation of near-shore and farther offshore clouds along the U.S. California coast. The authors extended the usual model evaluation with respect to time series and power spectrum analysis to investigate a link between the evaluated dynamics and satellite-derived cloudiness. Two distinct types of cloudiness variation were revealed. One is in the near-shore zone, extending approximately 100 km in the offshore direction, where the diurnal variation of cloudiness develops in response to the formation of MABL wind divergence and convergence fields. Each of the five major capes between southern Oregon and southern California has a satellite-derived, low-cloud maximum albedo on the leeward side and a minimum on the windward side that closely corresponds to ‘‘expansion fans’’ and ‘‘compression bulges. ’’ The expansion fan is associated with a divergence field of fast horizontal winds, shallow MABL, and high Froude number. The compression bulge is associated mainly with relatively weak winds (convergent or slightly divergent), a deeper MABL, and smaller Froude number. Simulated divergence in the expansion fan areas shows a significant diurnal trend with the maximum during the late morning through early afternoon. In the compression bulge, either the divergence is an order of magnitude less, or the flow becomes convergent. Going westward, the MABL divergence becomes an order of magnitude less at distances of 30‐40 km from the coastline. Since the expansion fan is characteristic of the MABL, the effect of the divergence field decays rapidly in the vertical and, due to mass continuity, reverses into a convergent flow above the MABL. Farther offshore, the cloudiness variation is at a minimum around midday as well, but that is mainly a consequence of radiative heat transfer effects within the cloud. Marine atmospheric boundary layer divergence does not have a significant diurnal trend in that area. Daytime offshore cloud clearing begins first in the northern domain, where the marine layer and clouds are shallower. The clearing propagates southward until the marine layer and clouds are too deep; generally the clouds persist throughout the entire day. The study shows the importance of dynamics on the evolution of observed cloudiness and constitutes an approach to indirectly evaluate modeled dynamics using satellite-derived cloudiness.
A time-frequency algorithm for the simulation of the initial transient response of oscillators

The paper presented here deals with a novel algorithm for calculating the initial transient response of an oscillator circuit. The method is based on reformulating the original system ordinary differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) by a system similar to partial differential equations (PDEs). The time-scales of the solution of the PDEs are unlike the original DAEs not widely separated. The PDE approach is therefore much better suited for CAD. Unlike existing methods the novel algorithm has a sound mathematical basis.
Enhanced Preprocessing Approach Using Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms for Detecting Liver Disease

There has been a sharp increase in liver disease globally, and many people are dying without even knowing that they have it. As a result of its limited symptoms, it is extremely difficult to detect liver disease until the very last stage. In the event of early detection, patients can begin treatment earlier, thereby saving their lives. It has become increasingly popular to use ensemble learning algorithms since they perform better than traditional machine learning algorithms. In this context, this paper proposes a novel architecture based on ensemble learning and enhanced preprocessing to predict liver disease using the Indian Liver Patient Dataset (ILPD). Six ensemble learning algorithms are applied to the ILPD, and their results are compared to those obtained with existing studies. The proposed model uses several data preprocessing methods, such as data balancing, feature scaling, and feature selection, to improve the accuracy with appropriate imputations. Multivariate imputation is applied to fill in missing values. On skewed columns, log1p transformation was applied, along with standardization, min–max scaling, maximum absolute scaling, and robust scaling techniques. The selection of features is carried out based on several methods including univariate selection, feature importance, and correlation matrix. These enhanced preprocessed data are trained on Gradient boosting, XGBoost, Bagging, Random Forest, Extra Tree, and Stacking ensemble learning algorithms. The results of the six models were compared with each other, as well as with the models used in other research works. The proposed model using extra tree classifier and random forest, outperformed the other methods with the highest testing accuracy of 91.82% and 86.06%, respectively, portraying our method as a real-world solution for detecting liver disease.
On Valuation with Stochastic Proportional Hazard Models in Finance

While the proportional hazard model is recognized to be statistically meaningful for analyzing and estimating financial event risks, the existing literature that analytically deals with the valuation problems is very limited. In this paper, adopting the proportional hazard model in continuous time setting, we provide an analytical treatment for the valuation problems. The derived formulas, which are based on the generalized Edgeworth expansion and give approximate solutions to the valuation problems, are widely useful for evaluating a variety of financial products such as corporate bonds, credit derivatives, mortgage-backed securities, saving accounts and time deposits. Furthermore, the formulas are applicable to the proportional hazard model having not only continuous processes (e.g., Gaussian, affine, and quadratic Gaussian processes) but also discontinuous processes (e.g., Levy and time-changed Levy processes) as stochastic covariates. Through numerical examples, it is demonstrated that very accurate values can be quickly obtained by the formulas such as a closed-form formula.
Broad-bandwidth parametric amplification in the visible: femtosecond experiments and simulations

A general geometric condition, involving group velocities, for large bandwidth parametric amplification with all types of phase-matching and in certain wavelength ranges is derived. This condition has been exploited to produce visible widely tunable sub-20-fs pulses from an optical parametric oscillator and an optical parametric amplifier based on /spl beta/-barium borate (BaB/sub 2/O/sub 4/) pumped in the blue. These results are interpreted in terms of a modified soliton model for the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and detailed numerical simulations for both devices.
Satellite Inversion of Cloud and Radiation Quantities Using ScaRaB Visible and Shortwave Measurements

Cloud and radiation both play important roles in governing the climate (Wielicki et al. 1995). A good knowledge of the two variables and their interactions can help model the climate. Although operational meteorological satellites have provided a wealth of observations, the inversion from observed radiances to physical quantities, such as the cloud optical properties and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave (SW) albedo, is still not fully resolved. While cloud properties can be inferred from narrowband measurements (e.g., Rossow and Schiffer 1991), SW TOA albedos are better derived with broadband measurement programs, like the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) or the Scanner for Radiation Budget (ScaRaB). These programs were, however, only experimental and of limited time. To fill gaps in the time record, narrowband data were also used to estimate the broadband quantities (Cess and Potter 1986).
Experimental investigation on reducing diesel particulate matter using centrifugal fluidised chamber

ABSTRACT Centrifugal fluidisation with static geometry, which is a new way of fluidisation, is still not getting the attention of engine researchers for reducing the PM from diesel exhaust. In the present work, centrifugal fluidisation with static geometry is used as an after-treatment method to reduce the PM from diesel exhaust. The centrifugal fluidised chamber with SiC particles was tested on air and diesel exhaust. Experimental results show that an increase in bed stability with an increase in inlets was responsible for improving chamber efficiency for 3 and 4 inlet chambers. The number of inlets, inlet slot width and the mass of a bed particle affect the fluidisation inside the chamber. For single-cylinder diesel engines, 3 and 4 inlet chambers show the potential to remove PM with maximum chamber efficiency close to 60%. The accumulation of bed particles is the main reason for the dropping of the chamber efficiency with time.
COMBINED MODE SPLIT-ASSIGNMENT AND DISTRIBUTION-MODEL SPLIT-ASSIGNMENT MODELS WITH MULTIPLE GROUPS OF TRAVELERS

We show how to model combined mode-route choice and location-destination-mode-route choice problems with interdependent travel impedances. Our models realistically extend the well known route choice equilibrium conditions to include mode choice as well. These models extend earlier combined models to the case where flows by different modes affect each other’s impedances. Our combined models consider distinct classes of travelers. By formally stratifying travelers into different groups, a more accurate analysis of the time-cost tradeoff in mode choice is possible. An extension to the combined distribution-mode split-assignment problem is also given, using entropy terms to model dispersion among different origin-destination pairs. We examine the computational aspects of these models and suggest algorithms for solution.
Point sampling strategies for estimating coverage from benthic video transects

Point intercept techniques are commonly used to estimate the proportion of area covered by an organism or substrate. Although many different methods of choosing point co‐ordinates have been suggested, some more suitable than others, this article examines three common and one novel point allocation strategy in the context of estimating the proportion cover of an area which is much longer than it is wide. It was found that some commonly used methods are less efficient than the novel method and in some cases by a substantial margin. Guidelines are also presented for choosing a sampling strategy and estimating sample size requirements for sampling areas which are much longer than they are wide. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-resolution imaging of vacuum arc cathode spots

Imaging differential laser absorption spectroscopy was used to map the electron density distribution of vacuum arc cathode spots. The temporal resolution was determined by the sequence of laser pulses (pulses of 0.4-ns duration, with 3-ns separation). The spatial resolution was limited by diffraction (better than 5 /spl mu/m). Fragments of cathode spots have been detected, and the following parameters could be derived: current density on the order of 10/sup 12/ A/m/sup 2/, plasma density greater than 3-6/spl times/10/sup 26/ m/sup -3/, fragment size 5-10 /spl mu/m and smaller, current per fragment 20-40 A (for copper electrodes and are current 50-150 A), and the lifetime of dense plasma on the order of a few nanoseconds.
DC-biased ferroelectrets with large piezoelectric d33-coefficients

The application of external dc voltages significantly increases the piezoelectric d33-coefficients of ferroelectret films and also enhances their thermal stability. In this paper, interferometric measurements and model calculations with such dc-biased ferroelectret films are reported. It is shown experimentally and theoretically that the d33-coefficient of the inverse piezoelectric effect of these films actually consists of a part depending on internal electret charges and a part linearly depending on the external dc voltage. Very high d33-coefficients of up to 1200pC∕N at a frequency of 5kHz are determined interferometrically. These are explained quite well by the model calculations. The model departs from an existing theoretical description by assuming that the forces generated by the electric field act on the entire cellular structure and not only on the gas voids.
Environmental regulation, breakthrough technological innovation and total factor productivity of firms-- evidence from emission charges of China

ABSTRACT As an effective means of addressing environmental externalities, market-based environmental regulation inevitably has potential effects on the economy. Based on Porter’s theory, we investigate how emission charges affect firms’ total factor productivity and explore the moderating role of firms’ breakthrough technological innovation. Our findings reveal the moderating effect of breakthrough technological innovation on the total factor productivity enhancement of the emission fee by looking at Chinese A-share listed firms with heavy pollution from 2011 to 2020. Our mechanism tests suggest that emission fees and breakthrough technological innovation increase firms’ total factor productivity by enhancing firms’ green innovation. In addition, our heterogeneity analysis shows that emission charges and breakthrough technology innovation effectively increase total factor productivity only for state-owned firms, and the effect on total factor productivity of non-state-owned firms is insignificant. Our findings suggest that implementing market-based environmental regulations and incentives for firms to embark on breakthrough technological innovation effectively increases firms’ total factor productivity.