Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capsazepine Protects against Neuronal Injury Caused by Oxygen Glucose Deprivation by Inhibiting Ih

Cell death mechanisms frequently involve the influx of extracellular calcium through voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, e.g., the NMDA receptor (Greene, 1999). The vanilloid receptor (VR1) is present in regions of the brain (Mezey et al., 2000) that are highly susceptible to neurodegenerative insults, suggesting that this ion channel might contribute to the cellular processes involved in neuronal death. We tested the effects of VR1 ligands in the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model of cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. The VR1 agonist capsaicin at concentrations that are selective for VR1 did not affect cell viability per se or the extent of neurodegeneration induced by the OGD insult. In contrast, the VR1 antagonist capsazepine (0.1-10 μm) significantly reduced the amount of OGD-induced cell death. However, capsazepine was still neuroprotective in slices prepared from VR1 knock-out mice, which exhibited the same degree of neurodegeneration to that observed in slices prepared from wild-type mice, excluding the possibility that it afforded neuroprotection through inhibition of VR1. Instead, capsazepine inhibited the hyperpolarization-activated nonspecific cation channel generated current Ih in a concentration range similar to that which was neuroprotective. Furthermore, the specific Ih blocker ZD-7288 was also neuroprotective, mirroring the effects of capsazepine, in that it was effective at preventing cell death when applied either during or after the OGD insult. These results demonstrate that capsazepine affords neuroprotection through inhibition of Ih rather than inhibition of VR1.
A Fuzzy Logic Approach for Adjusting The Contention Window Size in IEEE 802 . 11 e Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Quality of Service (QoS) of IEEE 802.11e is currently under research for the upcoming multimedia applications over broadband wireless networks. IEEE 802.11e is a contention based channel access function that uses the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) techniques. EDCA statically resets the Contention Window (CW) after each successful transmission. This article discusses a fuzzy logic approach to adapt the CW. The suggested approach is based on the vague information of the channel. The performance of the proposed fuzzy adaptation technique is compared to the original IEEE 802.11e differentiation scheme. Conducted simulations revealed remarkable adaptation ability reflected in better QoS for streaming applications.
Integrated displacement tracking and sound localization

An algorithm is proposed for the robust localization of a vehicle using both displacement tracking and sound localization. The displacement tracking is performed by optical encoders that enable the turn angle and the movement distance of the vehicle to be estimated. The sound localization utilizes a speaker mounted on the vehicle and an array of 24 microphones deployed in the environment. The two modalities are integrated by modeling the displacement tracking uncertainty by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and combining it with the probability distribution obtained from the sound localization system. It is shown that the proposed integrated system results in an average localization error (at best 11 cm) that is better than either modality alone.
Fast-Transient PCCM Switching Converter With Freewheel Switching Control

This brief presents a new switching converter operating in pseudo-continuous-conduction mode (PCCM) with freewheel switching control. Compared with conventional discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) converters, this converter demonstrates much improved current handling capability with reduced current and voltage ripples. The control-to-output transfer function exhibits a single-pole behavior, making the load transient response much faster than its CCM counterparts. Simulation and experimental results show that, with a 6-V, 6-W load and a 10-V unregulated supply, the PCCM converter has a current ripple of only 1.1 A and a ripple voltage of only 58 mV, while a DCM converter has a current ripple of 2.2 A and a ripple voltage of 220 mV. In addition, the PCCM converter takes only 25 mus to respond to a 500-mA load current change while a CCM one requires 1.4 ms.
Harmonic measures of the half-plane and balls for the hyperbolic Brownian motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusions

The purpose of the paper is to provide integral representations of the Poisson kernel for a half-space and balls for hyperbolic Brownian motion and for the classical Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The method of proof is based on Girsanov's theorem and yields more complete results as those based on Feynmann-Kac technique.
Mutation incidence and coincidence in non small-cell lung cancer: meta-analyses by ethnicity and histology (mutMap)

Background Meta-analyses were conducted to characterize patterns of mutation incidence in non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Design Nine genes with the most complete published mutation coincidence data were evaluated. One meta-analysis generated a ‘mutMap’ to visually represent mutation coincidence by ethnicity (Western/Asian) and histology (adenocarcinoma [ADC] or squamous cell carcinoma). Another meta-analysis evaluated incidence of individual mutations. Extended analyses explored incidence of EGFR and KRAS mutations by ethnicity, histology, and smoking status. Results Genes evaluated were TP53, EGFR, KRAS, LKB1, EML4-ALK, PTEN, BRAF, PIK3CA, and ErbB2. The mutMap highlighted mutation coincidences occurring in ≥5% of patients, including TP53 with KRAS or EGFR mutations in patients with ADC, and TP53 with LKB1 mutation in Western patients. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene overall. Frequencies of TP53, EGFR, KRAS, LKB1, PTEN, and BRAF mutations were influenced by histology and/or ethnicity. Although EGFR mutations were most frequent in patients with ADC and never/light smokers from Asia, and KRAS mutations were most frequent in patients with ADC and ever/heavy smokers from Western countries, both were detected outside these subgroups. Conclusions Potential molecular pathology segments of NSCLC were identified. Further studies of mutations in NSCLC are warranted to facilitate more specific diagnoses and guide treatment.
Inhibitory effect of somatostatin analogue RC-160 on the growth of hepatic metastases of colon cancer in rats: a study with magnetic resonance imaging.

The effect of somatostatin analogue RC-160 on the growth of hepatic metastases of colon cancer was investigated in rats using magnetic resonance imaging. Experimental liver metastatic tumors were established in syngeneic BDIX rats after intrasplenic injection of DHD/K12 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Each rat with implanted liver tumors received s.c. injections of somatostatin analogue RC-160 (50 micrograms/kg) or the vehicle (control) twice a day for 4 weeks, starting 3 weeks after tumor inoculation. During the treatment with RC-160, the growth of liver tumors was studied quantitatively by measuring liver tumor volumes in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging at intervals of 7 days. Chronic administration of RC-160 inhibited the growth of hepatic metastases of colon cancer in rats. Significant inhibition of liver tumor growth in RC-160-treated rats was observed throughout the treatment. The final liver tumor volume in the treated rats was decreased by 56.1% as compared to the controls. The treatment with RC-160 reduced the percentage increase in liver tumor volume from 1575 +/- 674% (mean +/- SEM) for the control to 1034 +/- 727% in the treated group. The tumor volume doubling time in treated rats was 3.7 days longer than the controls. The liver tumor growth delay time was 15.1 days. At the end of the treatment, the incidence of ascites and the weights of tumorous livers were also decreased by RC-160 treatment. Administration of RC-160 prolonged the median survival time by 13 days in treated rats. In cell cultures, significant inhibitory effects of somatostatin-14 and RC-160 on the growth of DHD/K12 colon cancer cells were determined by MTT assay and [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay, indicating direct effects of these peptides on the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro. These data suggest that administration of RC-160 could inhibit the growth of colon cancer and their hepatic metastases in rats. Somatostatin analogue RC-160 might be considered as a potential new agent for the treatment of patients with hepatic metastases of colorectal cancers.
Safe and fast actuators for machines interacting with humans

This paper describes a new generation of actuators for robotic applications, and more generally for machines that are designed to interact with humans. Such actuators, called variable impedance actuators, are designed to achieve fast motion control while guaranteeing safety of human operators in worst-case impact situation. The fundamental innovation is to implement safety by purely mechanical, passive means, to guarantee intrinsic safety, while active control is used to recover performance. The design concept, which is the subject of a patent application, has led to the experimental implementation of a variable stiffness actuator. The effectiveness of the VSA has been recently validated theoretically and experimentally by authors.
National Patterns in Environmental Injustice and Inequality: Outdoor NO2 Air Pollution in the United States

We describe spatial patterns in environmental injustice and inequality for residential outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in the contiguous United States. Our approach employs Census demographic data and a recently published high-resolution dataset of outdoor NO2 concentrations. Nationally, population-weighted mean NO2 concentrations are 4.6 ppb (38%, p<0.01) higher for nonwhites than for whites. The environmental health implications of that concentration disparity are compelling. For example, we estimate that reducing nonwhites’ NO2 concentrations to levels experienced by whites would reduce Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) mortality by ∼7,000 deaths per year, which is equivalent to 16 million people increasing their physical activity level from inactive (0 hours/week of physical activity) to sufficiently active (>2.5 hours/week of physical activity). Inequality for NO2 concentration is greater than inequality for income (Atkinson Index: 0.11 versus 0.08). Low-income nonwhite young children and elderly people are disproportionately exposed to residential outdoor NO2. Our findings establish a national context for previous work that has documented air pollution environmental injustice and inequality within individual US metropolitan areas and regions. Results given here can aid policy-makers in identifying locations with high environmental injustice and inequality. For example, states with both high injustice and high inequality (top quintile) for outdoor residential NO2 include New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
Completely first order and tone free partitioned data weighted averaging technique used in a multibit delta sigma modulator

In order to reduce mismatch error of a DAC used in a multibit delta-sigma some dynamic element matching (DEM) algorithms have been proposed before, from which Data-Weighted-Averaging (DWA) method is more hardware efficient and widely used. Unfortunately, DWA technique loses its functionalities for periodic signals which cannot be practically avoided. Many improvements have been suggested to minimize in band tone generated by DWA algorithm, but they cause limited performance compared with an ideal first order DEM. This paper presents a new modified DWA structure, which results in a completely first order mismatch noise shaping while solving in band tone problem. Simulations are presented for a 3rd-order lowpass delta sigma. However, its modified version can also be used in bandpass applications.
Network-based Intrusion Detection Model for Detecting TCP SYN flooding

This paper presents a method for detecting TCP SYN flooding attack using BENEF model. Our model relies on the significant parameters of anomalous network packets, the statistic of system behavior, and the decision with threshold and fuzzy rule-based technique. With fuzzy technique, rules or a set of rules corresponding with the appropriate membership value are designed for analysis and to find the final decision. Our first prototype employs BENEF model to implement the network-based intrusion detection system. Current implementation is experiment with TCP SYN flooding attacks.
A Framework for Software Engineering Experimental Replications

Experimental replications are very important to the advancement of empirical software engineering. Replications are one of the key mechanisms to confirm previous experimental findings. They are also used to transfer experimental knowledge, to train people, and to expand a base of experimental evidence. Unfortunately, experimental replications are difficult endeavors. It is not easy to transfer experimental know-how and experimental findings. Based on our experience, this paper discusses this problem and proposes a Framework for Improving the Replication of Experiments (FIRE). The FIRE addresses knowledge sharing issues both at the intra-group (internal replications) and inter-group (external replications) levels. It encourages coordination of replications in order to facilitate knowledge transfer for lower cost, higher quality replications and more generalizable results.
What is the Training Intensity Distribution of Recreational-Level Triathletes when Preparing for an Olympic Distance Triathlon?

Despite the continued growth of the sport, particularly among recreational athletes, very little is known about how triathletes prepare for an event. The aim of this study was to identify the training characteristics of recreational-level triathletes and assess how their preparation for a triathlon influences their health and fatigue. During the 6 weeks prior to an Olympic distance triathlon, and the 2 weeks after the event, ten (5 males, 5 females) recreational athletes completed a daily training log to provide information on every training session. In addition, participants answered the Daily Analysis of Life Demands Questionnaire (DALDA), the Training Distress Scale (TDS), and the Alberta Swim Health Questionnaire weekly. Training loads were calculated using session-based rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and training impulse (TRIMP). Every week of training was compared to week 1 to determine how athletes’ training and health changed throughout the study. In the 6 weeks leading up to the event, training loads, total minutes trained, and time spent in each training zone did not differ significantly. Significant reductions in training duration (Z=2.39, p=0.017, ES = 0.90), training strain (Z=2.59, p=0.009, 0.98), and number of sessions (Z=2.49, p=0.012, ES = 0.94) were seen on week 6. Training intensity distribution favored a threshold approach with athletes spending 56% of their training time at zone 1, 40% at zone 2, and 4% at zone 3. No significant changes were seen in the DALDA or TDS questionnaires. The results show that while the training intensity distribution of recreational-level triathletes does not follow a polarized model, these athletes were able to maintain their health while preparing for an Olympic distance triathlon.
TSM resilient audio watermarking using IMFs

With widespread of the Internet as well as the numerous applications that involve audio signals and systems, the issue of ownership proof become imperative. In this paper, we present an audio watermark scheme that is based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and Hilbert Huang Transform. The audio signal is decomposed into several mono-component signals or Intrinsic Mode Functions to serve as the addressee for watermark. The watermark is a pseudo random number which is added to the highest and lowest Intrinsic Mode Functions of the signal to generate what we call the modified IMFs which is in turn added to the remaining IMFs to produce the watermarked signal. Our experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against signal processing attacks such as MP3, time scale modification, resizing, and others. The obtained results meet the recommended imperceptibility signal to noise ratio.
Gender Differences in Somatic Symptoms and Current Suicidal Risk in Outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder

Objective Although somatic symptoms are common complaints of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), their associations with suicide are still unclear. Methods A total of 811 MDD outpatients of aged between 18 to 64 years were enrolled nationwide in Korea with the suicidality module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Depression and Somatic Symptom Scale (DSSS). Results On stepwise regression analysis, current suicidality scores were most strongly associated with chest pain in men, and neck or shoulder pain in women. Severe chest pain was associated with higher current suicidality scores in men than in women, whereas severe neck or shoulder pain showed no significant differences between the genders. In conclusion, MDD patients of both sexes with suicidal ideation showed significantly more frequent and severe somatic symptoms than those without. Current suicidal risk was associated with chest pain in men, and neck or shoulder pain in women. Conclusion We suggest that clinicians pay attention to patients' somatic symptoms in real world practice.
Optimizing Device-to-Device Communications in Cellular Networks

In this report, we consider how to dynamically select transmission bands and multi-hop routes for device-to-device (D2D) communications in co-existence with a cellular network overlay. Firstly, we consider different wireless routing algorithms, i.e. broadcasting-routing (BR) method, and shortest-path-routing (SPR) method. The results show that depending on the co-existence cellular users' outage constraint, different routing strategies have different merits. BR is acceptable at the low D2D user density but is terrible at high density. We also consider the channel band performance (Uplink band and Downlink band). The results show that the multi-hop D2D can achieve a low outage probability using the uplink band (approximately 5%), and D2D in the downlink band performs a little poorly (approximately 12%) outage with SPR.
A hybrid approach to item recommendation in folksonomies

In this paper we consider the problem of item recommendation in collaborative tagging communities, so called folksonomies, where users annotate interesting items with tags. Rather than following a collaborative filtering or annotation-based approach to recommendation, we extend the probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) approach and present a unified recommendation model which evolves from item user and item tag co-occurrences in parallel. The inclusion of tags reduces known collaborative filtering problems related to overfitting and allows for higher quality recommendations. Experimental results on a large snapshot of the delicious bookmarking service show the scalability of our approach and an improved recommendation quality compared to two-mode collaborative or annotation based methods.
A Trust Modeling Framework for Message Propagation and Evaluation in VANETs

In this paper, we present a trust-based message propagation and evaluation framework in vehicular ad-hoc networks where peers share information regarding road condition or safety and others provide opinions about whether the information can be trusted. More specifically, our trustbased message propagation model collects and propagates peers? opinions in an efficient, secure and scalable way by dynamically controlling information dissemination. The trust-based message evaluation model allows peers to evaluate the information in a distributed and collaborative fashion by taking into account others? opinions. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework promotes network scalability and system effectiveness in information evaluation under the pervasive presence of false information, which are the two essentially important factors for the popularization of vehicular networks.
Current health records practices in Afghanistan and possible future development

In this paper, we have reviewed different types of medical records like the Paper Based Medical Record, Electronic Medical Records, Electronic Health Records, and Personal Health Records. Also, we have examined a process of medical records in Afghanistan private and public hospitals. On that base we have discussed the opportunities for developing of electronic health records system in Afghanistan.
Service to the Nation: Prospective Participants’ Engagement With National Service in Ghana

The engagement of participants in mandatory national youth service programs is a potentially important, but often neglected factor in understanding why these programs do or do not achieve their intended outcomes. This study examines the engagement of prospective participants in national service by testing competing theoretical frameworks on motivations for volunteering. Specifically, we examine motivational, institutional, and group identity theories and apply them to a mandatory national service program in a non-Western context: Ghana’s National Service Scheme (NSS). We analyze data from an online survey among almost 3,000 university students who are prospective NSS participants. Results indicate that the motivational perspective is very useful to understand engagement in mandatory community service in developing countries. In addition, the institutional and group identity perspectives are found to be complementary to this motivational perspective.
Skin Color Segmentation in YCBCR Color Space with Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network (Anfis)

In this paper, an efficient and accurate method for human color skin recognition in color images with different light intensity will proposed . first we transform inputted color image from RGB color space to YCBCR color space and then accurate and appropriate decision on that if it is in human color skin or not will be adopted according to YCBCR color space using fuzzy, adaptive fuzzy neural network(anfis) methods for each pixel of that image. In our proposed system adaptive fuzzy neural network(anfis) has less error and system worked more accurate and appropriative than prior methods.
11. Topic Segmentation

This chapter discusses the task of topic segmentation: automatically dividing single long recordings or transcripts into shorter, topically coherent segments. First, we look at the task itself, the applications which require it, and some ways to evaluate accuracy. We then explain the most influential approaches – generative and discriminative, supervised and unsupervised – and discuss their application in particular domains.