Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Activity of Au/CNT Nanocomposite Fabricated by Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation Method on Colon and Cervical Cancer

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly being investigated for cancer management due to their physicochemical properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. This study used an eco-friendly technique (laser synthesis) to fabricate AuNP and Au/CNT nanocomposites. AuNPs, Au/CNTs, and CNTs were tested as potential cancer nanotherapeutics on colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, the non-cancer embryonic kidney cells HEK-293 were taken as a control in the study. The cell viability assay demonstrated a significant reduction in cancer cell population post 48 h treatments of AuNPs, and Au/CNTs. The average cell viabilities of AuNPs, Au/CNTs, and CNTs for HCT-116 cells were 50.62%, 65.88%, 93.55%, and for HeLa cells, the cell viabilities were 50.88%, 66.51%, 91.73%. The cell viabilities for HEK-293 were 50.44%, 65.80%, 93.20%. Both AuNPs and Au/CNTs showed higher cell toxicity and cell death compared with CNT nanomaterials. The treatment of AuNPs and Au/CNTs showed strong inhibitory action on HCT-116 and HeLa cells. However, the treatment of CNTs did not significantly decrease HCT-116 and HeLa cells, and there was only a minor decrease. The treatment of AuNPs, and Au/CNTs, on normal HEK-293 cells also showed a significant decrease in cell viability, but the treatment of CNTs did not produce a significant decrease in the HEK-293 cells. This study shows that a simplified synthesis technique like laser synthesis for the preparation of high-purity nanomaterials has good efficacy for possible future cancer therapy with minimal toxicity.
Asymmetrically Nanostructured 2D Janus Films Obtained from Pickering Emulsions Polymerized in a Langmuir–Blodgett Trough

Low-dimensional structures, such as two-dimensional (2D) Janus films, can be useful in studying fundamental interactions or in applications at the nanoscale. In this work, we report the fabrication of 2D polymer Janus films consisting of one smooth and another nanostructured facet on which silica nanoparticles (NPs) are self-assembled in a compact monolayer shield. The 2D films are made from Pickering emulsions of monomers in water, stabilized by NPs, which are spread over the surface of the water in a Langmuir–Blodgett trough. Following the spreading of the colloidosomes, oil droplets stabilized by NPs collapse, and the interfaces reorganize such that the NP monolayer is found exclusively at the oil/water interface. Upon compression followed by UV polymerization, a 2D solid film is formed, with one smooth and another nanostructured face. The film can be removed from the surface of the water and handled with tweezers. The 2D films exhibit different surface properties on the two sides, such as differences in water wettability. On the nanostructured side, water wettability can be tuned by tuning the surface energy of the nanoparticles, namely by changing their surface functional groups. Upon removal of NPs, the surface can be patterned with an array of circular traces.
Soil Organic Matter Composition and pH as Factors Affecting Retention of Carbaryl, Carbofuran and Metolachlor in Soil

The majority of studies concerning the environmental behavior of hydrophobic pollutants in soil consider soil organic matter (SOM) content as a main factor influencing chemical retention, whereas the composition of SOM and its individual fraction share are often neglected. In the present paper, carbaryl, carbofuran and metolachlor retention by loamy sand and loam topsoil materials is compared and referred to humic acids (CHA) and the residual carbon (CR) content of SOM. Additionally, the sorption-desorption behavior of agrochemicals in soils was tested at a pH of three to seven. Calculated isothermal parameters point to favorable, spontaneous and physical pesticide sorption. Groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) indexes confirmed the low leaching ability of metolachlor on soils and moderate of carbofuran. The high affinity of carbaryl to CR may explain its pronounced sorption in loam soil and the lowest percolation potential. Carbofuran retention in soils was associated with montmorillonite (Mt) and CR fractions. Meanwhile, metolachlor uptake was related to humic acid and Mt content of the soils. Lower pH enhanced retention of the agrochemicals, except for carbaryl sorption in sandy loam soil. Results of this study highlight that SOM composition and mutual share of individual organic carbon fractions alongside pH may play a crucial role in predicting non-ionic pesticide behavior in soil.
Protective effects of yeast extract against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats

Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-liver axis dysbiosis have been suggested as the primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Previous research established that yeast extract (YE) has antioxidant, immune-boosting or microbiota-regulating properties. However, there is currently lack of information regarding the efficacy of YE on alcoholic liver injury. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to address this research gap using a Wistar male rat experimental model. Histologic and biochemical analysis results showed that the groups treated with both low-dose yeast extract (YEL) and high-dose yeast extract (YEH) had lower degrees of alcohol-induced liver injury. The abundance of Peptococcus and Ruminococcus reduced in the low-dose yeast extract (YEL) group, while that of Peptococcus, Romboutsia, Parasutterella, and Faecalibaculum reduced in the high-dose (YEH) group. Furthermore, Spearman analysis showed that the gut microbes were significantly associated with several liver-related indicators. For the analysis of differential metabolites and enriched pathways in the YEL group, the abundance of lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) significantly increased, and then the levels of histamine, adenosine and 5′ -adenine nucleotide were remarkedly elevated in the YEH group. These findings suggest that both high and low doses of YE can have different protective effects on liver injury in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) rats, in addition to improving gut microbiota disorder. Besides, high-dose YE has been found to be more effective than low-dose YE in metabolic regulation, as well as in dealing with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the core extrusion schema-revised for high school students in China

Objective This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Core Extrusion Schema-Revised (CES-R) for assessing high school students and measures invariance across gender and grade parameters. Methods A sample of 1,334 high school students in Wuhan, China, participated in the study for item analysis, internal consistency tests, and measurement invariance tests of the CES-R. Additionally, 1745 high school students in Zhejiang Province, China. provided data for questionnaire validation. Results The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-dimensional model fit the data well [chi-squared discrepancy = 113.989; degrees of freedom = 26; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.949; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.963; standardized root mean square residual = 0.072]. The Chinese CES-R scores were positively correlated with both the Adolescent Avoidance and Integration Questionnaire scores (r = 0.63, p < 0.01) and the Adolescent Social Anxiety Questionnaire scores (r = 0.70, p < 0.01). The internal consistency coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.94, and the split-half reliability was 0.90. The factor structure invariance, factor loading invariance, and intercept invariance of the Chinese CES-R across gender and grade groups (ΔCFI <0.01, ΔTLI <0.01, ΔRMSEA <0.01) indicated equivalence across gender and grade groups. Conclusion The Chinese version of CES-R has good validity and reliability for evaluating high school students and acceptable measurement invariance across genders and grades.
Constraints on environs around SN 2011fe and SN 2014J from radio modeling and observations

Abstract The radio non-detection of two Type Ia supernovae (SNe) SN 2011fe and SN 2014J has been modeled considering synchrotron radiation from shock accelerated electrons in the SN shock fronts. With 10% each of the bulk kinetic energy in electric and magnetic fields, a very low density of the medium around both the SNe has been estimated from the null detection of radio emission, around 1 and 4 years after the explosion of SNe 2014J and 2011fe, respectively. Keeping the fraction of energy in electrons fixed at 10%, a medium with particle density ~ 1cm−3 is found when 1% of the post shock energy is in magnetic fields. In case of a wind medium, the former predicts the mass loss rate Ṁ to be <10−9 M ⊙ yr−1, and the latter gives an upper limit ~10−9 M ⊙ yr−1, for wind velocity of 100 kms−1, for both the SNe. The tenuous media obtained from this study favor the double degenerate as well as a spin up/down model for both SNe 2011fe and 2014J.
Low-Profile Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Transmitarray Antenna Based on Multilayer Frequency Selective Surfaces

In this work, a new dual-band dual-polarized transmitarray (TA) antenna element based on multilayer frequency selective surfaces is introduced. This novel configuration has been successfully tested for K/Ka satellite communication (SatCom) frequency bands and is composed of a single low-profile printed circuit board incorporating five metal layers without any vertical transitional elements. In contrast to existing solutions, this proposal eliminates the need for vertical interconnections, air gaps, or spacers between the metal layers, resulting in a cost-effective board with an overall thickness of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.24 \lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 30 GHz. The proposed unit cell operates at 20 and 30 GHz exploiting an interleaved lattice configuration. It affords independent control of the transmitted field phase within a range of 300°, at both frequency bands while maintaining a transmission loss not exceeding 3.5 dB. To substantiate the proposed design, an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$87\times87$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm2 TA has been prototyped and experimentally validated. The measured results indicate a peak gain of 20.6 and 22.8 dB at 20 and 30 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the −1 dB gain bandwidth has been found to be 5% in the first band and 4.5% in the second band.
On the numerical analysis of infinite multi-dimensional Markov chains

ON THE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF INFINITE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL MARKOV CHAINS Muhsin Can Orhan Ph.D. in Computer Engineering Advisor: Tuğrul Dayar July 2017 A system with multiple interacting subsystems that exhibits the Markov property can be represented as a multi-dimensional Markov chain (MC). Usually the reachable state space of this MC is a proper subset of its product state space, that is, Cartesian product of its subsystem state spaces. Compact storage of the infinitesimal generator matrix underlying such a MC and efficient implementation of analysis methods using Kronecker operations require the set of reachable states to be represented as a union of Cartesian products of subsets of subsystem state spaces. We first show that the problem of partitioning the reachable state space of a three or higher dimensional system with a minimum number of partitions into Cartesian products of subsets of subsystem state spaces is NP-complete. Two algorithms, one merge based the other refinement based, that yield possibly nonoptimal partitionings are presented. Results of experiments on a set of problems from the literature and those that are randomly generated indicate that, although it may be more time and memory consuming, the refinement based algorithm almost always computes partitionings with a smaller number of partitions than the merge based algorithm. When the infinitesimal generator matrix underlying the MC is represented compactly using Kronecker products, analysis methods based on vector– Kronecker product multiplication need to be employed. When the factors in the Kronecker product terms are relatively dense, vector–Kronecker product multiplication can be performed efficiently by the shuffle algorithm. When the factors are relatively sparse, it may be more efficient to obtain nonzero elements of the generator matrix in Kronecker form on-the-fly and multiply them with corresponding elements of the vector. We propose a modification to the shuffle algorithm that multiplies relevant elements of the vector with submatrices of factors in which zero rows and columns are omitted. This approach avoids unnecessary floating-point
What drives soil degradation after gravel mulching for 6 years in northwest China?

Gravel mulch is an agricultural water conservation practice that has been widely used in the semi-arid region of northwest China, but its effectiveness is now lessening due to soil degradation caused by long-term gravel mulching. In this study, we report on a 6-year-long gravel mulch experiment conducted in the northwestern Loess Plateau to evaluate the impact of gravel mulch on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities, with the objective of clarifying the causes of long-term gravel mulching-induced land degradation. After 6 years mulching, we found that gravel mulched soil contained significantly higher concentrations of total carbon and total organic carbon than non-mulched soil (control). Long-term gravel mulching significantly changed the soil microbial diversity and abundance distribution of bacterial and fungal communities. Notably, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was significantly higher under gravel mulching than the control (no mulching), being significantly greater in the AG treatment (small-sized gravel, 2–5 mm) than all other treatments. Conversely, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly lower under gravel mulching than the control, being the lowest in the BG treatment (large-sized gravel, 40–60 mm). At the same time, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in AG yet higher in BG vis-à-vis the other treatments. Of the various factors examined, on a 6-year scale, the capture of dust by gravel mulch and altered carbon and nitrogen components in soil play major contributing roles in the compositional change of soil microorganisms. These results suggest that modified soil material input from gravel mulching may be the key factor leading to soil degradation. More long-term experimental studies at different sites are now needed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for soil degradation under gravel mulching.
New census: Old problem: Continuation of negative demographic trends in Serbia

Given the initial results of the 2022 Population, Household, and Housing Census, the question is not whether the demographic situation in Serbia is bad, but how bad it is. Serbia has been struggling with depopulation and other demographic problems for decades, which, while not surprising, worries us. At first glance, there are no positive indicators, but some isolated areas can be identified that are characterized by somewhat more favorable demographic trends, but this should be taken with a grain of salt. The objective of this paper is to look at and analyze the municipalities that have been most affected by the decline in total population between the last two censuses. This is done by analyzing the most threatened municipalities by examining the relationship between depopulation and the eleven parameters presented. Since the municipalities are very diverse in terms of population size, a percentage rather than an absolute decrease has been considered. Since depopulation occupies a significant place at the top of Serbia's demographic problems, the method of correlation and multiple regression is used to create a model that can be used to predict, to some extent, the future state of the most threatened parts of Serbia.
Limiting Cases of the Black‑Scholes Type Asymptotics of Call Option Pricing in the Generalised CRR Model

The article concerns the generalised Cox‑Ross‑Rubinstein (CRR) op­tion pricing model with new formulas for changes in upper and lower stock prices. The formula for option pricing in this model, which is the Black‑Scholes type formula, and its asymptotics are presented. The aim of the paper is to analyse limiting cases of the obtained as­ymptotics using probability theory and later data from the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Empirical analyses of option pricing in the gener­alised CRR model confirm the calculated limits.
Strong convergence of Halpern iteration for products of finitely many resolvents of maximal monotone operators in Banach spaces

In this paper, using Bregman functions, we introduce a new Halpern-type iterative algorithm for finding common zeros of finitely many maximal monotone operators and obtain a strongly convergent iterative sequence to the common zeros of these operators in a reflexive Banach space. Furthermore, we study Halpern-type iterative schemes for finding common solutions of a finite system of equilibrium problems and null spaces of a -inverse strongly monotone mapping in a 2-uniformly convex Banach space. Some applications of our results to the solution of equations of Hammerstein-type are presented. Our scheme has an advantage that we do not use any projection of a point on the intersection of closed and convex sets which creates some difficulties in a practical calculation of the iterative sequence. So the simple construction of Halpern iteration provides more flexibility in defining the algorithm parameters which is important from the numerical implementation perspective. Presented results improve and generalize many known results in the current literature.
Value Iteration-Based H∞ Controller Design for Continuous-Time Nonlinear Systems Subject to Input Constraints

In this paper, a novel integral reinforcement learning method is proposed based on value iteration (VI) to design the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> controller for continuous-time nonlinear systems subject to input constraints. To confront the control constraints, a nonquadratic function is introduced to reconstruct the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L_{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-gain condition for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> control problem. Then, the VI method is proposed to solve the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equation initialized with an arbitrary positive semi-definite value function. Compared with most existing works developed based on policy iteration, the initial admissible control policy is no longer required which results in a more free initial condition. The iterative process of the proposed VI method is analyzed and the convergence to the saddle point solution is proved in a general way. For the implementation of the proposed method, only one neural network is introduced to approximate the iterative value function, which results in a simpler architecture with less computational load compared with utilizing three neural networks. To verify the effectiveness of the VI-based method, two nonlinear cases are presented, respectively.
Multi-objective optimization based on machine learning and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for surface roughness and tool wear in Ti6Al4V turning

Abstract Titanium alloys are notoriously difficult to machine. They are used in the manufacture of various types of lightweight components. It is therefore important to improve their machinability and thus achieve sustainability in machining such alloys, by selecting appropriate influential factors: cutting parameters, tool material, geometric form, coolant types, and hybrid machining methods, to deliver efficient output. Nowadays, meta-heuristic algorithms effectively solve multi-objective optimization in machining problems instead of single-objective one. Along with that, the mathematical predictive models used for single-objective optimization are gradually being replaced by machine learning algorithms, which are highly robust and efficient in terms of prediction performance. Therefore, this work addresses the prediction and optimization of average surface roughness (Ra) and tool wear (VB) in Ti6Al4V alloy turning, using a WC tool coated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD), with dry machining. We apply a two-pronged approach combining machine learning (ML) and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), to model and optimize Ra and VB. The four ML models – Linear Regression (LIN), Support Vector Machine Regression (SVR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) – are used to predict Ra and VB. The input variables of the turning process – feed rate, depth of cut, cutting speed, cutting time, and tool materials – are the major factors affecting surface quality and tool wear. By the error metrics such as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2), ANN is found to offer the best predictive performance. An ML and NSGA-II-based approach is then employed for multi-objective optimization of cutting parameters in Ti6Al4V turning. Fifty Pareto solutions are identified in the range of Ra and VB between (1.332 and 1.441 µm) and (0.100 and 0.125 mm), respectively. In this work, the Pareto solutions are selected based on their ranked performances. This aligns with the decision criterion employed to select the most robust cutting parameters. The definitive optimal Ra and VB are obtained by formulating a robust decisive multi-criterion function which integrates performance, preferred decision criterion, and trustworthiness. Finally, this produces the optimal solution for Ra and VB − 1.439 µm and 0.100 mm, respectively. Experimental validation confirms that the final optimum solution is within the acceptable range.
Determinants of Working Motivation and Loyalty of Workers: A Case Study of Enterprises in Dong Nai Province

Purpose: The article aims to determine factors affecting employees' work motivation and loyalty in enterprises in Dong Nai province. Theoretical framework: Research theory on work motivation and employee loyalty. Work motivation is the motivation of people to work enthusiastically, helping them promote their inner potential and overcome challenges and difficulties to complete the work in the best way. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method of this study is a combination of qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research: group discussions were conducted with 30 business experts with extensive experience in human resource management and longtime business directors in Dong Nai. Quantitative analysis was carried out with an expected sample size of 1000 enterprises in enterprises, selected by convenient sampling method. Findings: The study contributes to a new survey of the factors affecting the work motivation and loyalty of employees in enterprises in Dong Nai province as a reference for academic studies and other in the field of human resource management. Research, practical & social implications: The research results of the research paper serve as a scientific basis for business leaders in Dong Nai province to propose reasonable policies to improve employees' work motivation and loyalty at enterprises in Dong Nai province. Originality/Value: The paper's originality and value help managers contribute to the study to add a suitable work motivation and loyalty model for today's Vietnamese business leaders.