Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural and Spectroscopic Effects of Li+ Substitution for Na+ in LixNa1−xCaLa0.5Er0.05Yb0.45(MoO4)3 Upconversion Scheelite-Type Phosphors

New triple molybdates LixNa1−xCaLa0.5(MoO4)3:Er3+0.05/Yb3+0.45 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were manufactured successfully using the microwave-assisted sol-gel-based technique (MAS). Their room-temperature crystal structures were determined in space group I41/a by Rietveld analysis. The compounds were found to have a scheelite-type structure. In Li-substituted samples, the sites of big cations were occupied by a mixture of (Li, Na, La, Er, Yb) ions, which provided a linear cell volume decrease with the Li content increase. The increased upconversion (UC) efficiency and Raman spectroscopic properties of the phosphors were discussed in detail. The mechanism of optimization of upconversion luminescence upon Li content variation was shown to be due to the control of excitation/energy transfer channel, while the control of luminescence channels played a minor role. The UC luminescence maximized at lithium content x = 0.05. The mechanism of UC optimization was shown to be due to the control of excitation/energy transfer channel, while the control of luminescence channels played a minor role. Over the whole spectral range, the Raman spectra of LixNa1−xCaLa0.5(MoO4)3 doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions were totally superimposed with the luminescence signal of Er3+ ions, and increasing the Li+ content resulted in the difference of Er3+ multiple intensity. The density functional theory calculations with the account for the structural disorder in the system of Li, Na, Ca, La, Er and Yb ions revealed the bandgap variation from 3.99 to 4.137 eV due to the changing of Li content. It was found that the direct electronic transition energy was close to the indirect one for all compounds. The determined chromaticity points (ICP) of the LiNaCaLa(MoO4)3:Er3+,Yb3+ phosphors were in good relation to the equal-energy point in the standard CIE (Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage) coordinates.
Eigenstrain reconstruction method in linear friction welded aluminium alloy and MMC plates

In the present paper, we put forward a combined experimental and modelling approach based on the inverse eigenstrain methodology. The approach allows approximate reconstruction of the complete strain/stress state in the entire component. The resulting description is qualitatively different from the raw input data, since it is continuous, complete and consistent (the latter in terms of satisfying equilibrium, compatibility and boundary conditions). This is a significant improvement compared with the experimentally obtained limited knowledge of stress components at a selected number of measurement points, or from simple interpolation between these points. In the current study, the methodology is applied to the interpretation of diffraction strain measurements obtained by neutron and synchrotron X‐ray scattering in linear friction welds between aluminium‐based materials. We introduce a novel approach and present the mathematical framework that allows the eigenstrain reconstruction method (ERM) to be extended so as to provide a rational resolution of the important issue of unstrained lattice parameter (d0) determination. Different implementations of the general inverse eigenstrain principle are considered and compared. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electability salience can bias voting decisions

“Electability” received considerable attention during the 2020 Democratic primary campaign, with some critics claiming that the term was code for sexism. From a rational choice perspective, “electability” could affect voting in multiple ways, including via expected utility; previous scholarship suggests that many voters consider it as such. Yet this scholarship ignores the role that salience plays in decision making, and is silent on which sorts of candidate might benefit from the effects of priming electability. To address these issues, we conducted a survey experiment during the 2020 primary season, measuring Democratic primary voters’ preferences for candidates, electability estimates, and candidate rankings. Our experiment manipulated salience by randomizing the order in which preferences and electability were elicited. We show that electability salience caused a substantial increase in the probability that a respondent made decisions based only on electability.
Modified Stationarity Tests With Data-Dependent Model-Selection Rules

We describe some simple methods for improving the performance of stationarity tests (i.e., tests that have a stationary null and a unit-root alternative). Specifically, we increase the rate of convergence of the test under the unit-root alternative from O p(T) to O p (T 2), then suggest an optimal method of selecting the order of the autoregressive component in the fitted autoregressive integrated moving average model on which the test is based. Simulation evidence suggests that these modifications work well. We apply the modified procedure to U.S. monthly macroeconomic data and uncover new evidence of a unit root in unemployment.
Simulation and real-time replacement of missing plasma signals for disruption prediction: an implementation with APODIS

So far, the best results for real-time disruption prediction on the Joint European Torus (JET) have been achieved with the Advanced Predictor of Disruptions (APODIS). APODIS is a data-driven system whose latest version has been implemented in JET's real time-data network. It has been designed for the real-time analysis of features (mean and frequency values) corresponding to seven plasma signals in order to foresee upcoming disruptions. In this article, non-linear regression techniques are applied to create (off-line) signal models. The models are able to generate (in real-time) ‘synthetic’ signals. Therefore, these ‘synthetic’ signals can be used to replace the original ones in cases where they are in error or missing. APODIS has been tested under these conditions, emulating real-time operation. The simulation results demonstrate that once a signal in error is replaced by the generated ‘synthetic’ one, APODIS performance is considerably improved. The development of the regression models and the implications of the results are detailed and discussed in this paper.
Calcitermin-Loaded Smart Gels Activity against Candida albicans: A Preliminary In Vitro Study

Calcitermin is an antimicrobial peptide of 15 amino acids found in human nasal fluid characterized by antifungal and antibacterial properties. Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen affecting many tissues, such as vaginal mucosa. In this study a formulation suitable for calcitermin administration on vaginal mucosa was developed for the treatment of fungal infections. To favor topical application, mucosal adhesion, and permanence, gels based on poloxamer 407 and xanthan gum were designed and compared with regard to their rheological behavior, erosion, and leakage. The selected gel was loaded with calcitermin, whose release kinetic was evaluated in vitro by Franz cells. An antifungal activity assay was conducted to assess the calcitermin anticandidal potential and the effect of its inclusion in the selected gel. The rheological study revealed the elastic and viscous moduli behavior as a function of poloxamer 407 and xanthan gum concentration. Xanthan gum presence decreased the transition temperature of the gel, while prolonging its erosion and leakage. Particularly, poloxamer 407, 18% and xanthan gum 0.4% were chosen. The calcitermin loading in the selected gel resulted in a transparent and homogeneous formulation and in a 4-fold decrease of the release rate with respect to the calcitermin solution, as evidenced by Franz cell study. The anticandidal activity tests demonstrated that calcitermin-loaded gel was more active against Candida albicans with respect to the peptide solution.
Influence of radial electric fields on the heating efficiency of neutral beam injection in the W7-AS stellarator

A version of the FAFNER neutral beam injection code that takes a radial electric field into account is applied to the W7-AS stellarator. The influence of the strength and radial profile of an assumed electric field is studied with respect to heating profiles and global efficiency. The resulting profiles decisively depend on the electric field profile in contrast to the global efficiency. With increasing electric potential (from -5 kV to +5 kV) the heating efficiency decreases for co-injection and increases for counter-injection. This is different to the corresponding ODIN results obtained for the W7-A stellarator, where the confinement of fast ions was strongly enhanced by negative as well as positive electric potentials. These differences are mainly caused by the different beam injection geometries in these devices: perpendicular in W7-A and tangential in W7-AS.
Double and triple differential cross sections for K-shell ionisation by relativistic electron impact

Expressions for the double and triple differential cross sections for K-shell ionisation by relativistic electrons are derived with the plane wave impulse approximation (PWIA). Assuming the bound atomic electrons to be on-shell, the double differential cross section factorises in essence into the Moller cross section and the Compton profile. The triple differential off-shell cross section is given for Moller and Bhabba scattering. The results are compared with experimental data.
Comparison of alive and dead benthic foraminiferal fauna off the Changjiang Estuary: Understanding water-mass properties and taphonomic processes

Benthic foraminifera (BF) are utilized in palaeo-environmental reconstruction based on our understanding of how living individuals respond to environmental variations. However, there is still a lack of empirical insight into how non-environmental factors, such as taphonomic processes, influence the preservations of fossil BF in strata. In this study, we compare the spatial distribution and composition of alive and dead BF fauna in surface sediments to elucidate how well fossil foraminiferal fauna mirror quasi-contemporary alive BF groups indicative of different water masses off a mega-river (Changjiang) estuary, which is characterized by intense and complex river-sea interactions. On-site measurements of bottom water salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were conducted in the summer to determine water mass properties. A same-site comparison of alive (Rose Bengal stained) and dead foraminiferal fauna in surface sediment samples over 73 stations was then carried out. Q-mode Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to differentiate foraminiferal assemblages based on the relative abundance of common species. Three distinct regions with different water-mass properties were identified. The distribution pattern of dead foraminiferal fauna is mainly inherited from alive fauna, while the density and diversity of the dead fauna were found to be higher than those of the alive one. Both alive and dead fauna were clustered into four assemblages. A few common alive species (small-agglutinated and thin-calcareous) were rarely found in dead fauna, and a few common dead species (preferring low temperature and indicating allochthonous sources) were rarely present in alive fauna. The alive foraminiferal abundance and diversity were mainly determined by food resources and environmental properties of salinity and temperature. Alive foraminiferal assemblages were separated by different water masses determined by river-sea interactions off the Changjiang Estuary. The “time-averaging” effect was found to be responsible for the higher density and diversity of the dead fauna. Disintegration of agglutinated tests, dissolution of calcareous tests and selective transportation were observed to contribute to the different species compositions between the alive and dead fauna. Nevertheless, indicative species-environment relations in alive and taphocoenose fauna were found to be almost homologous among most common species. This suggests that distinct benthic foraminiferal assemblages can be used to effectively differentiate between different water masses in the study coastal seas.
Survival of Visual Function in Patients with Advanced Glaucoma after Standard Guarded Trabeculectomy with MMC

Surgical intervention in patients with severe glaucoma remains controversial, especially in unilateral cases with a minimally affected fellow eye. Many question the benefit of trabeculectomy in such cases due to high complication rates and prolonged recovery. In this retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series we aimed to determine the effect of trabeculectomy or combined phaco-trabeculectomy on the visual function of advanced glaucoma patients. Consecutive cases with perimetric mean deviation loss worse than −20 dB were included. Survival of visual function according to five predetermined visual acuity and perimetric criteria was set as the primary outcome. Qualified surgical success utilizing two different sets of criteria commonly used in the literature constituted secondary outcomes. Forty eyes with average baseline visual field mean deviation −26.3 ± 4.1 dB were identified. The average pre-operative intraocular pressure was 26.5 ± 11.4 mmHg and decreased to 11.4 ± 4.0 mmHg (p < 0.001) after an average follow-up of 23.3 ± 15.5 months. Visual function was preserved at two years in 77% or 66% of eyes respectively according to two different sets of visual acuity and perimetric criteria. Qualified surgical success was 89%, 72% at 1 and 3 years respectively. Trabeculectomy and/or phaco-trabeculectomy is associated with meaningful visual outcomes in patients with uncontrolled advanced glaucoma.
PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES WITH PENTA HELIX MODEL FOR UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK AND LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A LESSON FROM INDONESIA

Batur is the first area in Indonesia that is considered worthy of being a geopark by UNESCO. This determination is an acceleration of the progress of the nature and culture-based tourism industry that helps the welfare of the surrounding community with the principle of sustainability. This study aims to examine the role of several parties in enhancing UNESCO global geopark in Batur Bali of Indonesia as well as promoting local economic welfare. The study adopted a qualitative study with case study approach to gain a comprehensive result of the phenomenon. The qualitative content analysis and narrative analysis was used to process various information. This study focuses in UNESCO Global Geopark Batur Bali in Indonesia as the first and most successful in creating a better economic welfare primarily during and post the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings indicate that the Penta helix model can be used to develop Geopark Batur Bali and Indonesia in general in which each party plays their role in this development tourism and local economic development.
Stability of a Relaxation‐Type Viscoelastic Fluid with Slight Elasticity

A viscoelastic fluid of a relaxation type having a single relaxation time is studied. The effect of slight elasticity on the hydrodynamic stability of a plane Poiseuille flow is investigated by the linearized method of small two‐dimensional disturbances since it is shown that Squires' theorem is valid for the fluid chosen. The resulting equation is a modified Orr‐Sommerfeld equation. The equations are solved numerically, and it is shown that the critical Reynolds number is lowered as the magnitude of the relaxation number is increased.
Constraining Kalman Filter and Smoothing Estimates to Satisfy Time-Varying Restrictions

It sometimes happens that the unobservable state vector of a linear dynamic model expressed in the state space is subject to known restrictions. Incorporation of this information into the Kalman filter procedure will increase the efficiency of estimation. It is shown that a simple augmentation of the measurement equation constrains the estimated state vector to obey the restrictions. The method applies whether the restrictions are time-invariant, time-varying, linear, or nonlinear. Copyright 1992 by MIT Press.
Proteomic Analysis of Ferrochelatase Interactome in Erythroid and Non-Erythroid Cells

Heme is an essential cofactor for multiple cellular processes in most organisms. In developing erythroid cells, the demand for heme synthesis is high, but is significantly lower in non-erythroid cells. While the biosynthesis of heme in metazoans is well understood, the tissue-specific regulation of the pathway is less explored. To better understand this, we analyzed the mitochondrial heme metabolon in erythroid and non-erythroid cell lines from the perspective of ferrochelatase (FECH), the terminal enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Affinity purification of FLAG-tagged-FECH, together with mass spectrometric analysis, was carried out to identify putative protein partners in human and murine cell lines. Proteins involved in the heme biosynthetic process and mitochondrial organization were identified as the core components of the FECH interactome. Interestingly, in non-erythroid cell lines, the FECH interactome is highly enriched with proteins associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Overall, our study shows that the mitochondrial heme metabolon in erythroid and non-erythroid cells has similarities and differences, and suggests new roles for the mitochondrial heme metabolon and heme in regulating metabolic flux and key cellular processes.
Mechanism by which merging at X lines causes discrete auroral arcs

A mechanism is presented by which X lines cause auroral arcs. The mechanism should apply to most existing steady state merging models if the fluid is an electron-ion plasma. Hall electric fields are produced in the plane perpendicular to the X line in order to equalize the flow of electrons and ions through the diffusion region despite their differences in inertia. It is suggested that these electric fields map along magnetic field lines to the auroral acceleration region at much lower altitudes. Since mapping along field lines occurs by oblique Alfven waves, stationary in the convective flow, there are accompanying Birkeland currents. The currents and fields provide the upper boundary condition for the auroral electron acceleration region believed to exist above discrete arcs. A solution of a flow problem, similar to the merging situation, by Sonnerup and Wang is used to show that the voltage is sufficient for auroral arcs and that momentum transfer between the diffusion and exterior regions is consistent with the production of “paired electrostatic shocks” for a rigorous solution. An integration along a path through the diffusion region for the general case shows that auroral-sized voltages are expected in both collisional and collisionless cases. Finally it is shown that the ion-inertial scale length is appropriate for the diffusion region in the collisionless case, and maps to the ionosphere as ∼10 km.
Fabrication and Assembly Techniques for Sub-mm Battery-Free Epicortical Implants

Over the past three decades, we have seen significant advances in the field of wireless implantable medical devices (IMDs) that can interact with the nervous system. To further improve the stability, safety, and distribution of these interfaces, a new class of implantable devices is being developed: single-channel, sub-mm scale, and wireless microelectronic devices. In this research, we describe a new and simple technique for fabricating and assembling a sub-mm, wirelessly powered stimulating implant. The implant consists of an ASIC measuring 900 × 450 × 80 µm3, two PEDOT-coated microelectrodes, an SMD inductor, and a SU-8 coating. The microelectrodes and SMD are directly mounted onto the ASIC. The ultra-small device is powered using electromagnetic (EM) waves in the near-field using a two-coil inductive link and demonstrates a maximum achievable power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 0.17% in the air with a coil separation of 0.5 cm. In vivo experiments conducted on an anesthetized rat verified the efficiency of stimulation.
Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Observations of the Interstellar Velocity Structure and Chemical Composition toward the Carina Nebula

We have observed the O-type star CPD -59°2603 in the Carina Nebula with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph near-UV and far-UV high-resolution echelles, at a resolving power of ~110,000 (FWHM) and S/N ~ 30. This sight line has complex velocity and excitation structure in the interstellar absorption lines, corresponding to three distinct regions: very high velocity components formed within the nebula; a warm, expanding H II region; and cool, low-velocity gas near the Sun. The Mg I and Mg II profiles show many components, with velocities extending from -235 to +123 km s-1. We have derived physical conditions in the expanding H II region from the Si IV doublet and the excited fine-structure lines of C I. Heavy elements (O, Ni, Cu, Ga) are present in the low-velocity gas, and their abundances indicate depletions consistent with nearby, cool diffuse clouds.12CO is detected in just one low-velocity component, suggesting different amounts of processing among the clouds near the Sun.
Convergences in perfect BL-algebras

The aim of the paper is to investigate some concepts of convergence in the class of perfect BL-algebras. Similarity convergence was developed by G. Georgescu and A. Popescu in the case of the residuated lattices, while the convergence with a fixed regulator was studied by ˇ S. ˇ
Pyridine-Based Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes as Optical Sensors for Benzene and Gasoline Adulteration

Here we present simple fluorophores based on the pyridine core, obtained with straightforward synthetic methodologies. These compounds present in solution absorption maxima in the UV region and fluorescence emission of between 300 and 450 nm, depending on the solvent and chemical structure of the fluorophore. The nature of the solvent was shown to play a fundamental role in their excite-state deactivation, which allowed successful exploration of these compounds as optical sensors for benzene and fuel adulteration in gasoline. In ethanolic solution, upon the addition of benzene, in general the fluorophores presented fluorescence quenching, where a linear correlation between the emission intensity and the amount of benzene (quencher) was observed. In addition, the application of an optical sensor for the detection of fuel adulteration in commercial standard and premium gasoline was successfully presented and discussed. Theoretical calculations were also applied to better understand the solvent–fluorophore interactions.
Turbulence in clouds as a factor in precipitation

Visual and radar observations of the height of formation of precipitation in shower clouds in relation to temperature, and measurements of droplet population, show that when cumulus clouds produce showers it is often by coalescence, rather than by an ice-phase process. Langmuir's work gave the conditions necessary for collisions to take place between droplets. The droplets of young cumulus clouds are less than 20 microns in radius and calculation shows that they are too small and settle too slowly by gravity alone to grow at an appreciable rate by colliding with each other. The updraught in a cumulus cloud is highly turbulent so that the air containing the droplets is being perpetually accelerated in a random way. An analysis of random acceleration in one dimension shows that it would produce collisions if violent enough, and in conjunction with gravity would start droplets into growth. Once their radii reached about 20 microns they would continue to grow with or without turbulence. Such a mechanism is consistent with the observed changes in droplet size distribution. Provided that sufficient energy were available in a suitable frequency range, turbulence would initiate a shower in a cumulus cloud. Numerical confirmation of the mechanism awaits suitable measurements of small-scale turbulence in cloud, but meanwhile an alternative approach through macroscopic energy considerations might prove fruitful.