Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More methods can result in more knowledge: Why psychology needs to use multi-method approaches

There is an overabundance of mono-method approaches and research designs used in psychology. Mono-method approaches (use of a single method of measurement) are problematic because, surprisingly, different methods for measuring the same thing often do not yield comparable scores. Multi-method assessment, however, often leads to more complete and precise findings. To better understand people, multi-method approaches in research and clinical practice need to become common practice in psychology. Intervening at an early stage of education might be the most fruitful tactic for initiating this change. Doing so by addressing current insufficiencies in psychological assessment training might be an advantageous route for facilitating successful transition.
A study of attentional effects of intensity transforms for mammograms

This paper presents a study of the attentional effects of two types of intensity distribution variations upon observer behaviour when viewing mammograms: equalisation (to a uniform image intensity histogram) and normalisation (to match an industry best practice image intensity histogram). For untrained observers, some consistent attraction of attention towards the strongest intensity regions of the images for the more highly contrasting equalised images as compared with the unprocessed images was detected. For the normalised images, this effect was even more marked. For a trained observer, no substantial disruption of attentional patterns during viewing was detected for equalised images, but was for normalised images. The nature and extent of the changes in the attentional behaviour for both untrained and trained observers indicates potential value in further studies and emphasizes the need to conduct clinically related studies with trained observers.
Robust incident-angle field estimation: a one-way wave propagator approach

The incident angle is a very important piece of information in many processing steps for seismic data, but it cannot be easily and directly estimated in many typical and familiar migration processes, such as shot-profile wave equation migration and reverse time migration. In this paper, we first revisit and analyse some popular schemes of estimating the incident-angle field. Then we present a robust method to estimate the incident-angle field in a 2D/3D heterogeneous isotropic media based on a one-way wave propagator. Unlike the band-limited wavefield, the incident-angle field is estimated by the division of two impulse responses of the monochromatic wavefield in order to reduce computation. The impulse responses are the derivative of the angle-weighted image extracted by multiplying an extra imaging weight in the conventional migration process and conventional image. The tilted coordinate system is adopted in our method to avoid the steep-angle limitation of one-way wave propagators. By comparison with other methods, our method can estimate the incident-angle field more accurately with higher efficiency and less memory cost. Computed incident-angle fields of a 2D layered model and 3D field data example demonstrate the generality and flexibility of the method.
A new potential field method for mobile robot path planning in the dynamic environments

A new potential field method for mobile robot path planning is proposed in this paper. At present, most potential field methods are designed to be applied in the stationary environment, and several improved potential functions have brought in the velocity factors in the dynamic circumstances. Based on the consideration that the moving trend of the robot in the dynamic environments is also necessary to produce more reasonable path, this paper defines new attractive potential function with respect to the relative position, velocity, and acceleration between the robot and the goal, as well as the repulsive potential function with respect to the relative positions, velocities, and accelerations between the robot and the obstacles. The virtual forces are calculated to make the robot plan its motion, not only with right positions, but also with suitable velocities. Furthermore, the robot will keep a similar moving trend with the goal and contrary trends with the obstacles. Finally, some methodic simulations are carried out to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the new potential field method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Optimization Design Of A RC Slab Under ImpactLoad Using DPSO-based Multiple OptimalSolutions

This study presents an application of optimization algorithm to design of reinforced concrete (RC) slab under impact load. Firstly, a novel stochastic search algorithm termed discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) and its improvement is explained to obtain multiple optimal solutions. Then, the newly developed algorithm is applied to optimization design of RC slab under impact load. In this procedure, FE analysis is employed to evaluate the dynamic behavior of RC slab. As a result, possibility and reliability of optimization design of RC slab under impact load was demonstrated.
MERRF Mutation A8344G in a Four-Generation Family without Central Nervous System Involvement: Clinical and Molecular Characterization

A 53-year-old man approached our Neuromuscular Unit following an incidental finding of hyperckemia. Similar to his mother who had died at the age of 77 years, he was diabetic and had a few lipomas. The patient’s two sisters, aged 60 and 50 years, did not have any neurological symptoms. Proband’s skeletal muscle biopsy showed several COX-negative fibers, many of which were “ragged red”. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of the A8344G mtDNA mutation, which is most commonly associated with a maternally inherited multisystem mitochondrial disorder known as MERRF (myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers). The two sisters also carry the mutation. Family members on the maternal side were reported healthy. Although atypical phenotypes have been reported in association with the A8344G mutation, central nervous system (CSN) manifestations other than myoclonic epilepsy are always reported in the family tree. If present, our four-generation family manifestations are late-onset and do not affect CNS. This could be explained by the fact that the mutational load remains low and therefore prevents tissues/organs from reaching the pathologic threshold. The fact that this occurs throughout generations and that CNS, which has the highest energetic demand, is clinically spared, suggests that regulatory genes and/or pathways affect mitochondrial segregation and replication, and protect organs from progressive dysfunction.
Magnetic Anisotropy and Magnetostriction of Ordered and Disordered Cobalt-Iron Alloys

The magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction of single crystals of alloys between 25 weight % and 59 weight % cobalt in iron have been determined in the disordered and ordered states. The magnetostriction is large and positive for all alloys in both states of order (up to 150×10−6 for λ100 and 40×10−6 for λ111). The magnetic anisotropy becomes zero near 41% Co for the disordered state. Ordering shifts the zero-anisotropy composition to about 50% Co.
Modeling quantum dot lasers with optical feedback: sensitivity of bifurcation scenarios

We present a systematic study of the complex dynamics of a quantum dot (QD) laser subjected to optical feedback from a short external cavity. Our model consists of a Lang–Kobayashi like model for the electric field combined with a microscopically based rate equation system. We separately treat electron and hole dynamics in the QDs and the surrounding wetting layer (WL). By tuning the phase–amplitude coupling and the optical confinement factor we are able to discuss various scenarios of the dynamics on the route towards conventional quantum well (QW) lasers. Due to the optical feedback, multistability occurs in our model in form of external cavity modes (ECMs) or delay‐induced intensity pulsations. In dependence of the feedback strength we analyze complex bifurcation scenarios for the intensity of the emitted laser light as well as time series, power spectra, and phase portraits of all dynamic variables in order to elucidate the internal dynamics of the laser.
‘Approach and Sensibility’: A personal reflection on analysis and writing using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

This article offers an experiential account of an exploratory first journey through the use of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to investigate the psychological impact of retirement on men. Concentrating on the analysis and writing up stages involved in the method, and using data from an in-depth case study, it describes the affective and cognitive impact on the researcher, and the result of following suggested steps as laid out in Smith, Flowers and Larkin’s (2009) new book on IPA. These steps comprise: first impressions, initial notes, descriptive, linguistic, conceptual/psychological comments and emergent themes. Deeply existential concepts which emerged through the analysis, many of them related to the work of Heidegger, are described. Some recommendations are offered: encouragement to those embarking on an IPA study for the first time to employ this very thorough method at least once, because it lays bare the skeleton, the underpinnings, and the means by which the ‘emergences’ can be drawn forth; a call to undertake the not inconsiderable work involved in getting to grips with IPA’s epistemological underpinnings as an enrichment of the understanding of the methodology; and a reminder to first-timers neither to fear ‘mundanity’ nor conformity. Finally, adventurous interpretation is encouraged since genuinely inductive interpretation, facilitated by the disciplined use of consecutive stages, is the pathway to Smith’s (2003) ‘double hermeneutic’ or ‘two-stage interpretation process’, involving both participant and researcher.
A General Vapor‐Induced Coating Approach for Layer‐controlled Organic Single Crystals

2D organic semiconductor crystals (2D OSCs) are vital for high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices owing to their unique material merits. However, it is still challenging to fabricate high‐quality and large‐scale ultrathin 2D OSCs with controllable molecular layers due to the disordered molecular deposition and uncontrollable mass transport in solution‐processing fabrication. Here, a vapor‐induced meniscus modulating strategy for preparing unidirectional and stable Marangoni flow to guide contactless meniscus evolution is reported, which ensures uniform mass transport and ordered molecular deposition to achieve high‐quality ultrathin 2D OSCs. Both the surface tension difference and the substrate wettability are critical to meniscus formation, which results in various meniscus deformation states and film morphologies. Based on the optimized vapor‐solvent system, ultrathin 2D OSCs of C8‐BTBT with precise layer definition are prepared controllably. The discrepancies in liquid film height and solute concentration are decisive in controlling the molecular scale thickness ranging from mono to a few layers. Moreover, the layer‐dependent electronic and optoelectronic properties of the ultrathin films are systematically investigated. Notably, high‐performance polarization‐sensitive solar‐blind photodetectors are achieved with a dichroic ratio of photocurrent up to 2.26, and the corresponding polarimetric image sensor exhibits superior solar‐blind polarization imaging capability thanks to the high crystalline quality.
Relaxation kinetics in quantum cascade lasers

Relaxation kinetics in a quantum cascade intersubband laser are investigated. Distribution functions and gain spectra of a three-subband double-quantum-well active region are obtained as a function of temperature and injection current. The potentially important role of the nonequilibrium phonons at lasing threshold is shown and discussed in details. It is shown that the threshold current is strongly dependent of the power dissipated in the active region in steady state. The numerical calculations for an 8.5 μm laser illustrate the general issues of relaxation kinetics in quantum cascade lasers. Temperature dependence of the threshold current is obtained in a good agreement with the experiments.
ON THE EMPLOYMENT OF EDGE BASIS FUNCTIONS TO IMPROVE THE ANALYSIS OF POLYGONAL PATCHES

A new set of entire domain basis functions has been recently proposed in the literature for analyzing microstrip antennas with convex polygonal patches through a Method of Moment (MoM) numerical procedure. These basis functions represent a complete set of orthogonal functions, but they do not take into account the singular behavior of the tangential component of the current density at the patch edges. This property indeed limits the efficiency and accuracy of the analysis and only some particular geometries can be well described. When more accurate analyses are needed, the singular behavior of the current should be considered and the introduction of new auxiliary basis functions to fix the current behavior at the patch edges is a mandatory task. The aim of this paper is to present a new set of edge basis functions, suitable for a MoM analysis of convex polygonal patch antennas, to be used in conjunction with the entire domain basis functions already presented by the authors, in order to improve the overall accuracy of the method. Some examples showing the capabilities of the new functions are proposed.
SOME PROPERTIES OF SUPPORTED SMALL $alpha$-Fe$sub 2$O$sub 3$ PARTICLES DETERMINED WITH THE MOESSBAUER EFFECT

M\"ossbauer spectra of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ have been measured as a function of particle size and temperature. Bulk $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ shows a change in the sign of the quadrupole interaction in going through the Morin transition temperature, 263\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Analyses of the spectra show that the magnetization vector is in the $c$ plane above the transition temperature and parallel to the $c$ axis below it. In contrast, finely divided $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ particles, supported on a high-area silica, do not undergo a Morin transition. The spectra show that the magnetization vector remains perpendicular to the $c$ axis at least down to 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. It is evident that the spins are pinned by the surface in small particles. When the particle size is less than 135 \AA{}, the room-temperature spectrum consists only of a quadrupole-split center line corresponding to superparamagnetic $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. As the particle size is gradually increased, a 6-line hyperfine spectrum of increasing intensity appears. This transition from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior, coupled with a measurement of the average particle size by x-ray line broadening, leads to a calculated value of the crystalline anisotropy constant in the $c$ plane of (4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ erg per ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. A sample with an average particle size just below that required for ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, when cooled, displays an increasing fraction of ferromagnetic material as the temperature is decreased. From these data the particle size distribution of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is determined. In addition, these data are used to calculate an independent value of the anisotropy constant of (4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ erg per ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. Careful measurements on the series of samples with varying particle sizes show that the quadrupole splitting increases from the bulk value of 0.42 mm ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to a value of 0.98 mm ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for particles with an undetermined average size of less than 100 \AA{}.
Emotional and behavioural difficulties: is this a useful category? The implications of clustering and co-morbidity – the relevance of a taxonomic approach

Previous research has demonstrated that there is significant co-morbidity in different disorders of behaviour and emotion. It is also a common perception that the category of Special Educational Needs (SEN) collectively called Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) refers to those children who exhibit externalizing problems. The present study has explored these assumptions by analysing the range and type of behaviours found in the EBD population, proposing that the identification of different groups within the EBD category has a necessary impact on issues of assessment and intervention. The hypotheses propose that the category of EBD contains distinct sub-groups of children with similar characteristics; that although the category of EBD often suggests Conduct Disorder (CD), other factors are involved and finally, that many children with EBD have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with co-morbid Conduct Disorder (CD). The Teacher Report Form (TRF) of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach, 1991) was completed by teachers of 254 boys attending schools for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties in one local education authority.Cluster analysis yielded five distinct groupings of children within the EBD population in this sample. These were conduct problems; emotional problems; attentional problems; co-morbid conduct, emotional and attentional difficulties and a group with no apparent problems. The usefulness of the EBD label is questioned as it is clear that this is not a homogeneous population. The implication is that greater identification of typology is required if appropriate intervention is to be recommended and applied in order to meet the diverse needs of this group of children. The stated hypotheses were all supported.
Behaviours in a dynamical model of traffic assignment with elastic demand

This paper investigates the dynamical behaviour of network traffic flow. Assume that trip rates may be influenced by the level of service on the network and travellers are willing to take a faster route. A discrete dynamical model for the day-to-day adjustment process of route choice is presented. The model is then applied to a simple network for analysing the day-to-day behaviours of network flow. It finds that equilibrium is arrived if network flow consists of travellers not very sensitive to the differences of travel cost. Oscillations and chaos of network traffic flow are also found when travellers are sensitive to the travel cost and travel demand in a simple network.
3D morphology of post mortem acrothoracican borings in Famennian heterocorals – a morphological diversification or a continuum ichnospecies?

: Barnacle borings were found in six heterocoral skeletons. They are present as small (up to 2.9 mm long), slender, pouch-shaped borings with tapering, slit-like openings. The investigated borings were made by acrothoracican cirripedes, which mostly do not have a shell and bore into hard substrates to protect their “naked” bodies. The first occurrence of borings in skeletons of the heterocoral Oligophylloides Różkowska, 1969 from the Upper Devonian Tafilalt Platform was reported recently by Weyer in 2016. Here, the authors present the results of a detailed study of heterocoral remains with numerous acrothoracican borings from Jebel Bou Ifarherioun (Famennian, Anti-Atlas, Morocco). The borings were found on the basal part but also on broken branches and stems of the heterocoral corallum and occurred post mortem . There is no indication of a syn vivo coral-barnacle interaction with borings in tissue-covered areas. The authors used micro-CT scans to visualize the 3D morphology of the pits, their orientation, and distribution. Additionally, the 3D morphology of an assemblage of 75 pits was used to carry out ordination and cluster analyses, which showed that previously proposed ichnospecies may be a continuum of morphological variability. In the basis of measurements by the present authors, the studied borings do not fit any known ichnotaxa. The absence of bourrelets excludes the possibility that the borings studied belong to the ichnogenus Rogerella Saint-Seine, 1951. Hence, the results seem to contradict a synonymization that was proposed by Bromley and D’Alessandro (1987) and subsequent authors and leave room for further research and discussion on this topic. Although the inferred boring organism is a filter feeder and, thus, depends on currents, the authors did not find a preferential orientation of the borings. The samples considered here are the best-preserved Devonian barnacle borings to date.
Effect of SST Variation on ITCZ in APE Simulations

The effect of meridional variation of sea surface temperature (SST) on tropical atmospheric circulation is analyzed using Aqua-planet Experiment (APE) simulations. The meridional SST gradient around the narrow SST peak in CONTROL simulation favours a strong and single equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ, defined by the maximum of zonally averaged total precipitation) in all APE models. In contrast, flat equatorial SST peak (FLAT simulation) favours split/double ITCZs flanking the SST maximum, in the majority of the APE models. Although there is reasonable agreement for SST sensitivity of ITCZ among the APE models in CONTROL, there exists disparity among them in FLAT case. Similarly, while the total and convective precipitation responses are consistent among the models, the large-scale precipitation response shows considerable inter-model variations in FLAT case. The APE intercomparison indicates that the occurrence and positioning of the ITCZ are primarily related to boundary layer moisture convergence as a response to the meridional variation of SST. Furthermore, the meridional gradient of tropospheric temperature is found to be an important factor that can influence the positioning of ITCZ. FLAT SST distribution is found to be similar to the observed distribution over the Indian region during summer season. Models that yield double ITCZs in this case simulate an easterly jet over the equatorial region (similar to 15 degrees equatorward of the ITCZ). This is analogous to the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ), which is a unique feature observed over the Indian region during summer monsoon season, with its core at 12 degrees N, equatorward of the seasonal convergence zone centered along 25 degrees N. In these models, positive meridional temperature gradient and the associated easterly shear in the atmosphere strengthened by moisture convergence penetrate up to the upper troposphere, with which TEJ is in thermal wind balance.
DNA Oligonucleotides as Antivirals and Vaccine Constituents against SARS Coronaviruses: A Prospective Tool for Immune System Tuning

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the need to create highly effective antivirals and vaccines against various RNA viruses, including SARS coronaviruses. This paper provides a short review of innovative strategies in the development of antivirals and vaccines against SARS coronaviruses, with a focus on antisense antivirals, oligonucleotide adjuvants in vaccines, and oligonucleotide vaccines. Well-developed viral genomic databases create new opportunities for the development of innovative vaccines and antivirals using a post-genomic platform. The most effective vaccines against SARS coronaviruses are those able to form highly effective memory cells for both humoral and cellular immunity. The most effective antivirals need to efficiently stop viral replication without side effects. Oligonucleotide antivirals and vaccines can resist the rapidly changing genomic sequences of SARS coronaviruses using conserved regions of their genomes to generate a long-term immune response. Oligonucleotides have been used as excellent adjuvants for decades, and increasing data show that oligonucleotides could serve as antisense antivirals and antigens in vaccine formulations, becoming a prospective tool for immune system tuning.