Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive protocols for culturing and molecular biological analysis of IBD patient-derived colon epithelial organoids

There are many unanswered questions regarding responses to proinflammatory signals in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). For example, chemokines secreted by IECs upon external stimuli play multifunctional roles in both homeostasis and during inflammation. Several chemokines are upregulated during active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is associated with an increased influx of immune cells into the gut mucosa. Therefore, studies on how chemokines are regulated in the intestinal epithelium may identify putative treatment targets in IBD. More recently, patient-derived ex vivo models such as intestinal organoids have facilitated molecular analysis of epithelial alterations in IBD patients own cells. Here, we describe refined experimental protocols and methods for the generation and maintenance of IBD patient-derived colonic organoids (colonoids) culture. We also give detailed description of medium, and supplements needed for colonoid establishment, growth, and differentiation, including production of Wnt-3A and Rspondin1 enriched media. Further, we present protocols for RNA and protein isolation from human colonoids, and subsequent gene expression analysis and Western blotting for e.g., signal transduction studies. We also describe how to process colonoids for chemokine protein expression analysis such as immunostaining, confocal imaging, and detection of secreted chemokines by e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As proof of principle, we give examples of how the chemoattractant CCL20 can be regulated and expressed in colonoids derived from IBD-patients and healthy controls upon ligands-driven inflammation.
Refining large knowledge bases using co-occurring information in associated KBs

To clean and correct abnormal information in domain-oriented knowledge bases (KBs) such as DBpedia automatically is one of the focuses of large KB correction. It is of paramount importance to improve the accuracy of different application systems, such as Q&A systems, which are based on these KBs. In this paper, a triples correction assessment (TCA) framework is proposed to repair erroneous triples in original KBs by finding co-occurring similar triples in other target KBs. TCA uses two new strategies to search for negative candidates to clean KBs. One triple matching algorithm in TCA is proposed to correct erroneous information, and similar metrics are applied to validate the revised triples. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of TCA for knowledge correction with DBpedia and Wikidata datasets.
Performance analysis of EDM electrode manufactured by direct metal laser sintering during machining of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V)

Abstract Recently, additive manufacturing based rapid tooling (RT) is gaining popularity in manufacturing industries because tool fabrication time and cost can be substantially reduced. In this regard, an experimental investigation is made to explore the machining performance of AlSi10Mg tool electrode manufactured through direct metal laser sintering and compared with commonly used copper and graphite electrodes in electro-discharge machining (EDM) of titanium alloy work piece. The influence of EDM variables on performance measures like material removal rate, tool wear rate, arithmetic mean surface roughness, surface crack density, white layer thickness and microhardness has been analyzed. The machined surface generated with the usage of different electrodes is inspected by scanning electron microscopy to study the surface integrity. It is observed that superior surface integrity can be attained utilizing AlSi10Mg DMLS electrode at lower setting of machining parameters. Energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy analysis reveals that transfer of tool electrode elements onto the machined surface occurs along with increase in percentage of carbon and oxygen on the machined surface. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, it is found that metal carbides like titanium carbide and vanadium carbide are formed on the machined surface leading to increase in microhardness of the surface.
How Warburg-Associated Lactic Acidosis Rewires Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism to Resist Glucose Deprivation

Simple Summary Lactic acidosis is a prominent feature of the tumour microenvironment and a key player in cancer metabolism. This review is aimed at combining the mechanisms through which lactic acidosis alters the metabolism of cancer cells, and determining how this effect could bring valuable contribution to the current understanding of the metabolism of whole tumours. This work also highlights the therapeutic perspectives that advances in lactic acidosis understanding open up. Abstract Lactic acidosis, a hallmark of solid tumour microenvironment, originates from lactate hyperproduction and its co-secretion with protons by cancer cells displaying the Warburg effect. Long considered a side effect of cancer metabolism, lactic acidosis is now known to play a major role in tumour physiology, aggressiveness and treatment efficiency. Growing evidence shows that it promotes cancer cell resistance to glucose deprivation, a common feature of tumours. Here we review the current understanding of how extracellular lactate and acidosis, acting as a combination of enzymatic inhibitors, signal, and nutrient, switch cancer cell metabolism from the Warburg effect to an oxidative metabolic phenotype, which allows cancer cells to withstand glucose deprivation, and makes lactic acidosis a promising anticancer target. We also discuss how the evidence about lactic acidosis’ effect could be integrated in the understanding of the whole-tumour metabolism and what perspectives it opens up for future research.
Research on CNN-based hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion methods

In order to improve the spatial resolution of hyperspectral images, this paper improves the network structure of SSRNET algorithm and analyzes the functions of various parts of the network model. A comparative experimental analysis was carried out on the urban dataset. Experimental results show that the improved method in this paper has improved to a certain extent in both subjective and objective evaluation.
Design of compact two‐port dual‐band dual‐polarized MIMO antenna for CBRS and WLAN sub‐6‐GHz applications

This communication presents a compact field de‐correlation lines integrated dual band with dual‐polarized (LP & CP) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna for the fifth generation (5G) sub‐6‐GHz wireless communication systems. Dual working bandwidths, smaller interelement gaps, and superior isolation within the MIMO components are the distinguishing characteristics that give the proposed MIMO system an aspect of novelty. The modeled MIMO antenna has compact configurations of 20 × 21 × 0.8 mm3. The unit cell consists of a microstrip feed line with optimized rectangular slots branches etched from the radiated patch. The MIMO module is generated by the antiparallel replication of a single unit cell. To enhance the isolation, two rectangular slots are incorporated on the patch between the unit elements, which act as field de‐correlation lines. The MIMO identity is supported by diversity performance calculations in terms of ECC, DG, and TARC. Simulated and measured counterparts are found in the agreement.
Regimes of two-dimensionality of decaying shallow axisymmetric swirl flows with background rotation

Abstract Both background rotation and small depths are said to enforce the two-dimensionality of flows. In the current paper, we describe a systematic study of the two-dimensionality of a shallow monopolar vortex subjected to background rotation. Using a perturbation analysis of the Navier–Stokes equations for small aspect ratio $\delta = H/ L$ (with $H$ the fluid depth and $L$ a typical radial length scale of the vortex), we found nine different regimes in the parameter space where the flow is governed to lowest order by different sets of equations. From the properties of these sets of equations, it was determined that the flow can be considered as quasi-two-dimensional in only five of the nine regimes. The scaling of the velocity components as given by these sets of equations was compared with results from numerical simulations to find the actual boundaries of the different regimes in the parameter space (${h}_{\mathit{Ek}} , {h}_{\mathit{Re}} $), where ${h}_{\mathit{Ek}} $ is the Ekman boundary layer thickness and ${h}_{\mathit{Re}} $ is the equivalent boundary layer thickness for a monopolar vortex without background rotation. Even though background rotation and small depths do promote the two-dimensionality of flows independently, the combination of these two characteristics does not necessarily have that same effect.
Peristaltic motion of Phan‐Thien‐Tanner fluid in a planar channel

An analysis describing the peristalsis of non‐Newtonian fluids in a symmetric channel is carried out. Two explicit forms of Phan‐Thien‐Tanner model are used in the flow description. Mathematical analysis is presented at small Reynolds number and large wavelength assumptions. The influence of emerging parameters is highlighted upon the pressure rise, frictional force, and shear stress. In addition, pumping phenomena is described. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 737–748, 2012
Body Adiposity Partially Mediates the Association between FTO rs9939609 and Lower Adiponectin Levels in Chilean Children

Children carrying the minor allele ‘A’ at the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) gene have higher obesity prevalence. We examined the link between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and plasma adiponectin and the mediating role of body adiposity, in a cross-sectional study comprising 323 children aged 6–11 years. Adiponectin and FTO genotypes were assessed using a commercial kit and a real-time polymerase chain reaction with high-resolution melting analysis, respectively. Body adiposity included body mass index z-score, body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio. To investigate adiponectin (outcome) associations with FTO and adiposity, linear regressions were implemented in additive models and across genotype categories, adjusting for sex, age and Tanner’s stage. Using mediation analysis, we determined the proportion of the association adiponectin-FTO mediated by body adiposity. Lower adiponectin concentrations were associated with one additional risk allele (βadditive = −0.075 log-μg/mL [−0.124; −0.025]), a homozygous risk genotype (βAA/TT = −0.150 [−0.253; −0.048]) and a higher body mass index z-score (β = −0.130 [−0.176; −0.085]). Similar results were obtained for body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio. Body adiposity may mediate up to 29.8% of the FTO-adiponectin association. In conclusion, FTO rs9939609-related differences in body adiposity may partially explain lower adiponectin concentrations. Further studies need to disentangle the biological pathways independent from body adiposity.
Model Predictive Control—A Stand Out among Competitors for Fed-Batch Fermentation Improvement

The fed-batch cultivation is in many ways a benchmark for fermentation processes, and it has been an attractive choice for the biotechnological production of various products in the past decades. The majority of biopharmaceuticals that are presently undergoing clinical trials or are available on the market are manufactured through fed-batch fermentations. A crucial process parameter in fed-batch cultivations is the substrate feed rate, which directly influences the overall process productivity, product quality and process repeatability; henceforth, effective control of this parameter is imperative for a successful fed-batch fermentation process. Two distinct control strategies can be distinguished—open-loop and closed-loop (feedback) control. Each of these methods has its own set of benefits, limitations and suitability for specific bioprocesses. This article surveys and compares the most popular open- and closed-loop methods for substrate feed rate control in fed-batch fermentations. Emphasis is placed on model-predictive feed rate control (MPC)—a stand out among other methods that offers a promising application perspective. The authors also demonstrate a practical example of the implementation of a robust, flexible MPC solution that is suitable for various cultures and runs on standard computer hardware, thus overcoming one of the main reported MPC drawbacks—high computational requirements.
A STOCHASTIC ORDERING FOR RANDOM VARIABLES WITH APPLICATIONS

A new univariate stochastic ordering is introduced. Some characterization results for such an ordering are stated. It is proved that the ordering is an integral stochastic ordering, obtaining a maximal generator. By means of this generator, the main properties of the ordering are deduced. A method for introducing univariate stochastic orderings, suggested by the new ordering, is analysed. Relationships with other stochastic orderings are also developed. To conclude, an example of an application of the new ordering to the field of medicine is proposed.
Efficient Error Detection for Matrix Multiplication With Systolic Arrays on FPGAs

Matrix multiplication has always been a cornerstone in computer science. In fact, linear algebra tools permeate a wide variety of applications: from weather forecasting, to financial market prediction, radio signal processing, computer vision, and more. Since many of the aforementioned applications typically impose strict performance and/or fault tolerance constraints, the demand for fast and reliable matrix multiplication (MxM) is at an all-time high. Typically, increased reliability is achieved through redundancy. However, coarse-grain duplication incurs an often prohibitive overhead, higher than 100%. Thanks to the peculiar characteristics of the MxM algorithm, more efficient algorithm-based hardening solutions have been designed to detect (and even correct) some types of errors with lower overhead. We show that, despite being more efficient, current solutions are still sub-optimal in certain scenarios, particularly when considering persistent faults in Field-Programmable Gate-Arrays (FPGAs). Based on a thorough analysis of the fault model, we propose an error detection technique for MxM that decreases both algorithmic and architectural costs by over a polynomial degree, when compared to existing algorithm-based strategies. Furthermore, we report arithmetic overheads at the application level to be under 1% for three state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).
Two different strategies of Diversispora spurca-inoculated walnut seedlings to improve leaf P acquisition at low and moderate P levels

Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important nut tree species in the world, whereas walnut trees often face inadequate phosphorus (P) levels of soil, negatively limiting its growth and yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can colonize walnut roots, but whether and how AMF promotes walnut growth, physiological activities, and P acquisition is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Diversispora spurca on plant growth, chlorophyll component concentrations, leaf gas exchange, sugar and P concentrations, and expression of purple acid phosphatase (PAP) and phosphate transporter (PT) genes in leaves of J. regia var. Liaohe 1 seedling under moderate (100 μmol/L P) and low P (1 μmol/L P) levels conditions. Three months after inoculation, the root mycorrhizal colonization rate and soil hyphal length were 45.6−53.2% and 18.7−39.9 cm/g soil, respectively, and low P treatment significantly increased both root mycorrhizal colonization rate and soil hyphal length. Low P levels inhibited plant growth (height, stem diameter, and total biomass) and leaf gas exchange (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance), while AMF colonization significantly increased these variables at moderate and low P levels. Low P treatment limited the level of chlorophyll a, but AMF colonization did not significantly affect the level of chlorophyll components, independent on soil P levels. AMF colonization also increased leaf glucose at appropriate P levels and leaf fructose at low P levels than non-AMF treatment. AMF colonization significantly increased leaf P concentration by 21.0−26.2% than non-AMF colonization at low and moderate P levels. Low P treatment reduced the expression of leaf JrPAP10, JrPAP12, and JrPT3;2 in the inoculated plants, whereas AMF colonization up-regulated the expression of leaf JrPAP10, JrPAP12, and JrPT3;2 at moderate P levels, although AMF did not significantly alter the expression of JrPAPs and JrPTs at low P levels. It is concluded that AMF improved plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and P acquisition of walnut seedlings at different P levels, where mycorrhizal promotion of P acquisition was dominated by direct mycorrhizal involvement in P uptake at low P levels, while up-regulation of host PAPs and PTs expressions at moderate P levels.
Development and initial validation of the Partnership Scale-DanceSport Couples

Introduction DanceSport is described as a dance involving a male–female partner. It is important to comprehend the partnership between dance couples so that their competitive performance can be effectively supported. However, only a few studies have verified the influence of partnership between DanceSport couples on competitive performance and explored its psychological mechanism to provide means to deal with the partnership. The reason was that there was a lack of appropriate assessment tools. Aims This multi-study outlines the development, content, and construct validity of a novel, mixed-method tool to assess DanceSport partnership. Methods The development of the Partnership Scale-DanceSport Couples (PS-DSC) included four studies and data from four samples of Chinese elite dancers (N = 914 total). In stage 1, outlined in study 1, PS-DSC items were generated and then refined using the feedback provided by academics, sports coaches, and elite dancers. In stage 2, outlined in studies 2 and 3, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the structure of the PS-DSC items. In stage 3, outlined in study 4, composite reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity were assessed. The result of this process was a 13-item three-factor instrument. Based on these initial findings, the PS-DSC provided the first valid and reliable way of measuring partnerships between DanceSport couples. Conclusion This study has taken the promising first step in developing a tool to comprehensively measure partnerships between DanceSport couples.
Intranasal Polymeric and Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for CNS Drug Delivery

Nanomedicine is currently focused on the design and development of nanocarriers that enhance drug delivery to the brain to address unmet clinical needs for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Polymer and lipid-based drug carriers are advantageous for delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) due to their safety profiles, drug-loading capacity, and controlled-release properties. Polymer and lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) are reported to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and have been extensively assessed in in vitro and animal models of glioblastoma, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disease. Since approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of intranasal esketamine for treatment of major depressive disorder, intranasal administration has emerged as an attractive route to bypass the BBB for drug delivery to the CNS. NPs can be specifically designed for intranasal administration by tailoring their size and coating with mucoadhesive agents or other moieties that promote transport across the nasal mucosa. In this review, unique characteristics of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers desirable for drug delivery to the brain are explored in addition to their potential for drug repurposing for the treatment of CNS disorders. Progress in intranasal drug delivery using polymeric and lipid-based nanostructures for the development of treatments of various neurological diseases are also described.
Analysis of the curative effect and prognostic factors in patients with scapular fracture with surgical indications after conservative treatment: a case series and clinical outcomes

Background The choice of treatment for scapular fractures is a topic worth discussing. The type of scapular fracture is often complex, and more and more scholars prefer surgical treatment to obtain better shoulder joint function. In addition, because of the rich blood supply and muscles of the scapula, some scholars believe that simple suspension can also achieve satisfactory clinical effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the curative effect and prognostic factors of patients with scapular fracture with indications for surgery after receiving conservative treatment. Methods Patients with scapular fracture who did not receive surgical treatment from July 2016 to May 2021 were recruited from the orthopedic trauma database of Nanjing Gulou Hospital, and the data from patients with indications for surgery were screened out for a retrospective analysis. The data were obtained from the database of orthopaedic trauma patients in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. The relevant data were recorded during telephone and video follow-up visits. Linear regression was used to analyze the factors associated with disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score after receiving conservative treatment. Results A total of 21 patients were included in the final statistical analysis. All patients were followed up for 31.0±20.3 (range, 6–63) months, aged 52.9±12.7 (range, 27–71) years. All fractures had clinical healing with a 100% recovery satisfaction rate. Outcome measures of efficacy [both DASH scores and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores], were correlated with whether the fracture involved the superior border of the scapular, were not associated with the following variables: age (P=0.18), Injury Severity Score (ISS) score (P=0.10), the glenopolar angle (GPA) value (P=0.76), superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) injury (P=0.82), and glenoid fracture (P=0.84). The range of motion of the affected shoulder was significantly reduced compared to the healthy shoulder (P<0.01), but the range of forward flexion and elevation was not significantly different from that of the healthy shoulder (P>0.05). Patients with fractures not involving the superior border of the scapula had a much lower range of motion in the affected shoulder than in the healthy shoulder during abduction (P<0.05). Conclusions The range of surgical indications for scapular fractures with scapular fractures involving the lower margin of the scapular can be appropriately narrowed. Some patients with scapular fracture who have surgical indications can regain satisfactory shoulder function after receiving conservative treatment.