Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-concepts of institutionalized adolescents: a framework for conceptualizing labeling effects.

The current study investigated labeling effects in groups of institutionalized adolescents. Self-concepts of 111 delinquents, 33 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, and 119 high school students were assessed in relation to three relevant social labels (popular teenager, juvenile delinquent, and emotionally disturbed teenager). A semantic differential technique and discriminant analyses were used to compare profiles of self-ratings to profiles of role ratings. Two separate analyses were performed. One analysis compared self-ratings with the control group's stereotypes and the other compared self-ratings with a subject's own group's stereotypes. Results revealed modest support for labeling effects only when selfratings were matched with a subject's own group's stereotypes. The findings suggested that an adolescent might choose one of several responses to a socially assigned label. Possible responses included accepting or rejecting the label as well as misperceiving the content of the role. Implications for self-concept meassurement and for labeling theories of psychopathology are discussed.
On the applicability of Architecture Description Languages to future internet networking environments

Architecture Description Languages enable the formalization of the architecture of systems and the execution of preliminary analysis on them, aiming at the identification and resolution of design problems in the early stages of development. Such problems can be incompatibilities and mismatches in the connections between system components and in the format and type of information exchanged between them. Architecture Description Languages were initially developed to validate the correctness of software architectures; however, their applicability has been extended to cover many diverse areas during the past few years. In this paper, we aim to show how Architecture Description Languages can be applied to and be a useful tool towards validating the correctness of architectures and configurations of future internet networking environments. We do so by using a recently proposed architectural approach and a recently proposed deployment approach, implemented by means of network virtualization, as case studies.
An Approach to Enhance Security of Cloud Computing Services using Software Engineering Model

Cloud computing has great prospective of benefitting rigorous computational supremacy to the civilization society at reduced price. It facilitates consumers amid restricted computational assets to subcontract their bulky computational work assignments to the cloud, and cost-effectively have the benefit of the immense computational supremacy, bandwidth, storage, and even suitable software that can be pooled in a pay-per-use manner. Regardless of the tremendous acceptance, security and privacy is the primary and major hindrance that stops the broad acceptance of this endowed computing sculpt, particularly for consumers whilst their private data or information are possessed and produced during the computation. Delighting the cloud since an inherently timid insecure computing stage from the perspective of the cloud consumers, in this work we devise cloud computing life cycle model to facilitate not only to defend confidential information by permitting computations with encrypted records, but also shield consumers from malevolent performances by permitting the validation of the computational outcome. Such a scheme of broad-spectrum of protected computational subcontracting lately shown to be viable in hypothesis, but to devise method to facilitate practically efficient also remains as an extremely challenging task. Focusing on engineering and computing approach for minimization tasks, this paper proposes widely applicable method through proper design of the secure model for implementing the security measures in the cloud life cycle model using the software engineering approach.
Evaluation of an ultra-high speed non-uniformly working ADC with parallel structure in the software radar system

In the ultra high-speed sampled ADC system with time-interleaved structure of the software radar, the input signal is sampled non-uniformly because of the sampling-time offset and gain difference of ADC, which product the distortion of the signals, digital spectrum. In this paper, the digital spectrum of the signal sampled non-uniformly is synthetically researched by this ADC with sampling-time offset and gain difference, and derived its digital spectrum representation. A detailed spectrum analysis of the non-uniformly sampled sinusoid is presented to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio. The results of computer simulation that verify the correction of the theory are given. The result provides the useful reference to select the indexes of the software radar system using the ADC with Parallel Structure.
Orbital parameters of infalling dark matter substructures

We present distributions of the orbital parameters of dark matter substructures at the time of merging into their host halo. Accurate knowledge of the orbits of dark matter substructures is a crucial input to studies which aim to assess the effects of the cluster environment on galaxies, the heating of galaxy discs and many other topics. Orbits are measured for satellites in a large number of N-body simulations. We focus on the distribution of radial and tangential velocities, but consider also distributions of orbital eccentricity and semimajor axis. We show that the distribution of radial and tangential velocities has a simple form and provide a fitting formula for this distribution. We also search for possible correlations between the infall directions of pairs of satellites, finding evidence for positive correlation at small angular separations as expected if some infall occurs along filaments. We also find (weak) evidence for correlations between the direction of the infall and infall velocity and the spin of the host halo.
Networked , autonomous field-deployable fire sensors

An autonomous fire detector (AFD) is an electronic system consisting of fire detection sensors, a power source, a communication radio and a global positioning system receiver (GPS). AFDs will be stationed as sentries in and around a fire site to monitor the location and movement of the fire. The package could be dropped by spotter planes at a fire site or positioned by firefighters already on the ground. Using current radio technology, an AFD could be made to operate for a many days with a simple dry battery pack, and could be made to have a transmitting range of several kilometers. AFDs could communicate unit-to-unit as well as unit-to-base, which would provide extended range and flexibility. A transceiver/display unit carried by a fire team could be made equally light, inexpensive and portable. These devices could markedly increase safety and efficacy of the fire fighting team. AFDs can now be made with commercial-off-theshelf components. The widespread availability of powerful microprocessors, sensitive detectors for particulate smoke, carbon monoxide and other fire-evolved gases and GPS receiver modules mean that small, inexpensive, field-deployable packages can be produced inexpensively to remotely sense fire phenomena. We have developed system models and built a prototype AFD using inexpensive, readily available components.
Structural Brain Alterations in Individuals at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies and Future Directions

Individuals at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis have become a major focus for research designed to explore markers for early detection of and clinical intervention in schizophrenia. In particular, structural magnetic resonance imaging studies in UHR individuals have provided important insight into the neurobiological basis of psychosis and have shown the brain changes associated with clinical risk factors. In this review, we describe the structural brain abnormalities in magnetic resonance images in UHR individuals. The current accumulated data demonstrate that abnormalities in the prefrontal and temporal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex occur before illness onset. These regions are compatible with the regions of structural deficits found in schizophrenia and first-episode patients. In addition, the burgeoning evidence suggests that such structural abnormalities are potential markers for the transition to psychosis. However, most findings to date are limited because they are from cross-sectional rather than longitudinal studies. Recently, researchers have emphasized neurodevelopmental considerations with respect to brain structural alterations in UHR individuals. Future studies should be conducted to characterize the differences in the brain developmental trajectory between UHR individuals and healthy controls using a longitudinal design. These new studies should contribute to early detection and management as well as provide more predictive markers of later psychosis.
Different Types of Fiber Reinforced All Dentures Bases Evaluated by En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography and Numerical Simulation

Increasing the biomechanical comportment of the all dentures bases implies fiber reinforcing. The different fibers reinforcing products made very difficult the evaluation of their performances and biomechanical properties analysis. For these structural investigations of reinforcing fibers on the all dentures bases the optical coherence tomography was used as a noninvasive method. The incident beams used for this experiment were 670 nm and 1300 nm. The 1300 nm system has a confocal microscope that allow to evaluate in a real time comparative way the firsts slices. The obtained results point out the structural defects between the fibers and the acrylic material in the all dentures bases. As a conclusion of this study, the optical coherence tomography could be considered as a noninvasive structural defects investigation method.
Research and Implementation on Text-to-Visual Speech Synthesis System (TTVS)

Combining facial information with audio speech, Text-To-Visual Speech Synthesis System(TTVS) builds multi-modal human-computer interface and has greatly improved the way the user interacts with computer. In this paper, after study the motion of visual organ of the speaker, a basic lip shape set is set up, which consists of eleven basic lip shapes. Then a lip shape set of rhyme is constructed linearly according to the basic lip shape set. In the end, based on our TTS (Text-To-Speech) system, we realized a TTVS system.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews the Neurobiological Basis of Binge-eating Disorder

Relatively little is known about the neuropathophysiology of binge-eating disorder (BED). Here, the evidence from neuroimaging, neurocognitive, genetics, and animal studies are reviewed to synthesize our current understanding of the pathophysiology of BED. Binge-eating disorder may be conceptualized as an impulsive/compulsive disorder, with altered reward sensitivity and food-related attentional biases. Neu-roimaging studies suggest there are corticostriatal circuitry alterations in BED similar to those observed in substance abuse, including altered function of prefrontal, insular, and orbitofrontal cortices and the striatum. Human genetics and animal studies suggest that there are changes in neurotransmitter networks , including dopaminergic and opioidergic systems, associated with binge-eating behaviors. Overall, the current evidence suggests that BED may be related to maladaptation of the corticostriatal circuitry regulating motivation and impulse control similar to that found in other impulsive/compulsive disorders. Further studies are needed to understand the genetics of BED and how neurotransmitter activity and neurocircuitry function are altered in BED and how pharmacotherapies may influence these systems to reduce BED symptoms. Binge-eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder (Hudson et al., 2007; Kessler et al., 2013) and is now included in the main section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Despite its high prevalence, the etiology of BED remains understudied, and the underlying neurobiological features of the disorder are poorly understood (Schienle et al., 2009). This article reviews human neuroimaging, neurocognitive and genetic BED data (Table 1) and considers complementary animal data relating to binge eating. Data suggest that compared with individuals without BED (hereafter referred to as non-BED), individuals with BED have greater cognitive attentional biases towards food, decreased reward sensitivities, and altered brain activation in regions associated with impulsivity and compulsivity. It is worth noting at the outset of this review that the concept " food addiction " is an ongoing area of research, with several recent reviews addressing this topic in relation to obesity and eating disorders in great detail (Hebebrand et al. However, as these models are not the main focus of this review, they are only briefly discussed. 2. Impulsivity-related constructs and other cognitive functions 2.1. Impulsivity and compulsivity Impulsivity reflects decision-making occurring with limited forethought and represents a multidimensional construct involving tendencies to act rashly, to have increased reward-related drives, and to have disadvantageous decision-making (Dawe and Loxton, 2004). In contrast, compulsivity is characterized by the performance of repetitive and …
Scénarisation Pédagogique et Ingénierie Dirigé par les Modèles Cadre d'étude pour la définition de langages et environnements-outils de scénarisation pédagogique spécifiques à des domaines

Ces dernieres annees, l'interet pour l'Ingenierie Dirigee par les Modeles en tant que cadre theorique et pratique lie a divers domaines de l'ingenierie des EIAH ou a des domaines connexes s'est accru. Dans cet article, nous montrerons qu'appliquer ce cadre dans un contexte de scenarisation est interessant et permet de mieux guider cette activite. Apres avoir evoque les ecueils et differences lies a ce nouveau contexte, nous proposerons une categorisation des scenarios en trois types, selon une separation de preoccupations orientee metier . Nous aborderons egalement la modelisation orientee domaine en tant que piste pour aider a l'emergence de langages et environnement-outils associes supportant la modelisation de scenarios et adaptes a des communautes d'enseignants-concepteurs specifiques.
Avastin and Lucentis: what do patients know? A prospective questionnaire survey

Objectives To assess patients’ knowledge of their drug therapy for neovascular macular degeneration and to identify which aspects of the drug they considered most important if given the option of switching to an alternative drug. Design Prospective questionnaire survey. Setting Wolverhampton, England. Participants A total of 126 patients attending our hospital service for intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for neovascular macular degeneration. Main outcome measures Using a questionnaire, patients were asked questions pertaining to aspects of drug therapy in neovascular macular degeneration. Fields covered included drug names, knowledge of alternative drugs, cost of drugs and their views on switching to another drug. Results Eighty (63.5%) had heard of Lucentis (ranibizumab) and 31 (24.6%) were aware of Avastin (bevacizumab). Of the latter 31 patients, 20 did not have a preference between Avastin and Lucentis. These patients felt that the factors they would consider important for them to consider switching were effectiveness (10, 50%), specialist recommendation (8, 40%), safety (2, 10%) and cost (0). Conclusions Introducing a cheaper, off-label alternative in the therapy of macular degeneration in the presence of a licensed option has been extensively debated. Many patients have no knowledge of this controversial issue but it is likely that efficacy and recommendation by clinicians are more important than cost to patients who may consider switching to the off-label Avastin.
Community Change Detection in Dynamic Networks in Noisy Environment

Detection of anomalous changes in social networks has been studied in various applications such as change detection of social interests and virus infections. Among several kinds of network changes, we concentrate on the structural changes of relatively small stationary communities. Such a change is important because it implies that some crucial changes have happened in a special group, such as dismiss of a board of directors. One difficulty is that we have to do this in a noisy environment. This paper, therefore, proposes an algorithm that finds stationary communities in a noisy environment. Experiments on two real networks showed the advantages of our proposed algorithm.
Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The clinical hallmark of schizophrenia is psychosis. The objective of this overview is to link the neurobiology (brain), the phenomenological experience (mind), and pharmacological aspects of psychosis-in-schizophrenia into a unitary framework. METHOD Current ideas regarding the neurobiology and phenomenology of psychosis and schizophrenia, the role of dopamine, and the mechanism of action of antipsychotic medication were integrated to develop this framework. RESULTS A central role of dopamine is to mediate the "salience" of environmental events and internal representations. It is proposed that a dysregulated, hyperdopaminergic state, at a "brain" level of description and analysis, leads to an aberrant assignment of salience to the elements of one's experience, at a "mind" level. Delusions are a cognitive effort by the patient to make sense of these aberrantly salient experiences, whereas hallucinations reflect a direct experience of the aberrant salience of internal representations. Antipsychotics "dampen the salience" of these abnormal experiences and by doing so permit the resolution of symptoms. The antipsychotics do not erase the symptoms but provide the platform for a process of psychological resolution. However, if antipsychotic treatment is stopped, the dysregulated neurochemistry returns, the dormant ideas and experiences become reinvested with aberrant salience, and a relapse occurs. CONCLUSIONS The article provides a heuristic framework for linking the psychological and biological in psychosis. Predictions of this hypothesis, particularly regarding the possibility of synergy between psychological and pharmacological therapies, are presented. The author describes how the hypothesis is complementary to other ideas about psychosis and also discusses its limitations.
“Unfortunately I’m a Massively Heavy Sleeper”: An Analysis of Fathers’ Constructions of Parenting

Expectations for fathers have changed over the past few decades—research has shown that many men express more egalitarian views toward fatherhood and being more involved in parenting, particularly in the caretaking and emotional aspects of parenting. However, despite intentions expressed before parenthood, parenting will often play out along more traditional, gendered lines. In this research, we demonstrate how discourses used by fathers might work to maintain gendered divisions in relation to parenting and work. Data were collected through semistructured interviews that covered men’s experiences of work and parenting. Discourse analysis was employed to analyze the data. We identified that while participants expressed a desire to be involved fathers, often this did not transpire. Participants’ inability to, or decisions not to be, actively involved was accounted for in various ways, and suggested a tension between what fathers recognize they should be doing, and what they are doing, as parents.
Demonstrating the Operational Feasibility of New Technologies: The ARPI IFDs

In the ARPA-Rome planning initiative, technology moves from researchers to users, and feedback is given by users to researchers. Integrated Feasibility Demonstrations are a vital part of this user-centered approach to software engineering: they demonstrate to members of the operational community how maturing technologies can work together to address real problems. ARPI has developed three Integrated Feasibility Demonstrations (IFDs) and a precursor to the fourth. These systems have showcased realistic prototypes that could be integrated into a military command and control infrastructure, and have taught valuable lessons on ensuring success in technology insertion. (The IFDs were developed for and tested by various joint commands of the US Armed Forces. A joint command is responsible for a specific geographical region- called a theatre of operations during an operation-and has elements from each of the military services.) IFD-1, the Dynamic Analysis and Replanning Tool (DART), was developed just before and during Operation Desert Shield, thereby predating the start of the initiative and setting the baseline for the subsequent program. DART successfully supported transportation planning and analysis for the deployment portion of military planning. >
Feature Darwin and creationism reconciled When computers should surprise

Creativity is hard to measure, observe and interpret. Its study has been a challenge for many scientists and researchers, particularly for those from areas such as Cognitive Science and Psychology. In recent years, the subject has attracted a growing number of AI researchers who have been working towards abstract explanation theories and adequate computational models of creativity. This interest comes from the belief that computational creative systems are potentially effective in a wide range of artistic, technical and scientific domains where innovation is a key issue. Scientific discovery, theorem proving and technical design are just a few examples of application problems suitable for them. Moreover, the endeavour may contribute to the overall understanding of the mechanisms behind creativity. Process and product When studying creativity it is useful to consider two distinctive, complementary aspects: the creative process and the creative product. The creative process is central to creativity modelling, and several explanatory models have been proposed for the human creative process (see Brown (1989) for a survey). Models adopting an information processing approach (e.g. Wallas (1926)) are particularly useful for computational creativity. Roughly speaking, these models describe the process as a stepwise procedure of problem acquisition and knowledge assimilation; conscious or unconscious search for a solution; proposal of a solution; and verification of the proposed solution. But analysis of the creative product is also of prime importance, as creativity is most often recognised on the basis of its outcome: a symphony, an invention, or a theorem proof are commonly accepted as creative products on the basis of what they are, rather than the specific process that produced them. Although we may not agree with a view of creativity that focuses solely on the product, it is hard to imagine an assessment that does not consider the product as one of its main components. Two main properties are accepted as characterising a creative product. One is novelty: for a product to be recognised as creative by some evaluator, it must have a substantial degree of originality. However, novelty alone is not enough: closely related to creativity is also the notion of value. A random sequence of symbols may be quite novel but it will not be accepted as creative if it doesn't have meaning in some shared, accepted language. In her framework for interpreting creativity, Boden (1990) distinguished between two forms of creativity: exploratory and transformational (e-creativity and t-creativity, for short). Wiggins …