Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing Cognitive Aspects of Human Judgment

The problem of creating aggregated rankings using multiple inputs has been well-studied and applied to problems ranging from sports rankings to information retrieval, and more recently to data consisting primarily of human judgment. However, we find that standard models for rank aggregation largely fail to capture important features of noisy human-generated input on three different datasets. In contrast, we show that a recent, generalized model [2] based on random utility theory provides a better fit and is able to reveal distinctive patterns in human judgment. Our work provides new techniques for evaluating ranking algorithms and motivates new, cognitively inspired models for rank aggregation in settings in which people provide the input.
An Acute Myocardial Infarction Case that Survived An Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Which Prominent Ischemic J Waves Were Documented

We describe a case of a myocardial infarction, in which prominent ischemic J waves were documented during recurrent ventricular fibrillation attacks. The patient was referred to our hospital to treat an out‐of hospital cardiac arrest. Although the 12‐lead electrocardiogram obtained just after the first cardioversion did not show any apparent J waves, a J wave‐like steep downsloping type ST‐segment elevation associated with q waves in the inferior leads was documented during multiple episodes of ventricular fibrillation. Our report revealed the appearance of J waves as an important marker for lethal arrhythmias in acute ischemia. (PACE 2012; 35:e27–e30)
Monetary Policy after the Crisis

Lars Svensson has written a compact, well-reasoned assessment of monetary policy in light of the credit turmoil. His conclusions are well-organized and clear. I take advantage of Lars’s craftsmanship to comment on the conclusions as he outlines them. To sharpen my commentary on Lars’s views, I find it useful to distinguish “monetary policy narrowly defined” from “credit policy” and “interest on reserves policy. ” In the last part of my discussion, I illustrate briefly how the extra precision afforded by my classification is useful for assessing the different means by which a central bank makes its initiatives effective, and for setting the boundaries of independent central bank responsibilities. Given the limited space, I write in terms of the Federal Reserve, though it should be understood that the analysis is applicable more generally.
Determining the Cause of Vulvovaginal Symptoms

Both patients and clinicians may incorrectly diagnose vulvovaginitis symptoms. Patients often self-treat with over-the-counter antifungals or home remedies, although they are unable to distinguish among the possible causes of their symptoms. Telephone triage practices and time constraints on office visits may also hamper effective diagnosis. This review is a guide to distinguish potential causes of vulvovaginal symptoms. The first section describes both common and uncommon conditions associated with vulvovaginitis, including infectious vulvovaginitis, allergic contact dermatitis, systemic dermatoses, rare autoimmune diseases, and neuropathic vulvar pain syndromes. The focus is on the clinical presentation, specifically 1) the absence or presence and characteristics of vaginal discharge; 2) the nature of sensory symptoms (itch and/or pain, localized or generalized, provoked, intermittent, or chronic); and 3) the absence or presence of mucocutaneous changes, including the types of lesions observed and the affected tissue. Additionally, this review describes how such features of the clinical presentation can help identify various causes of vulvovaginitis. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to distinguish potential causes of vulvovaginitis symptoms including conditions associated with vulvovaginitis and clinical presentations.
Further Studies of Tuberculin Hemagglutination in Tuberculous Infection, Benign and Virulent 1

Additional data on the tuberculin hemagglutination test in various types of tuberculous infection have been presented. The reproducibility of the test has been examined by running duplicates at different times. BCG vaccination in the neo‐natal period evokes a agglutinin response only after a relatively long period of time, whether or not the child has additional exposure to tuberculosis. Infants having such exposure develop higher titers, without having clinical evidence of any superinfection. Re vaccination with BCG evokes an anamnestic type of antibody response. The anamnestic response is not activated sufficiently or promptly enough by tuberculin testing to affect hemagglutinin studies within 2 weeks after the first tuberculin test. – 163
Laboratory modelling of cross-polarized radar return at severe wind conditions

Laboratory experiments directed to investigation of co-polarized and de-polarized X-band microwave radar return from the water surface at strong and hurricane wind were carried out in the high-speed wind-wave flume. Microwave measurements were accompanied by the measurements of air-flow and wave field parameters. Experiments showed that alternatively to the co-polarized return, the dependency of the de-polarized return on the wind speed do not saturate, although the growth rate decreases at wind speed exceeding 30 m/s. Comparison of the of the experimental data with the composite-surface Bragg scattering model for the measured parameters of the wind and waves showed, that the model is in agreement with measurements of microwave co-polarized return, but fails to describe the de-polarized radar return. The obtained dependency of de-polarized radar return was compared with the empirical geophysical model function based on collocated airborne and satellite data.
Causal Attribution and Economic Voting in American Congressional Elections

This article examines the ways in which political sophistication conditions economic voting in U.S. congressional elections. At the congressional level, evidence of economic voting has been generally mixed and sometimes contradictory. In our view, much of the inconsistency in existing studies may result from a tendency to overlook significant heterogeneity in voter decisionmaking. Specifically, we argue that an individual’s ability to attribute responsibility for economic outcomes to congressional actors is a function of political sophistication. According to our theory, less sophisticated voters tend to focus their attributions of responsibility on the President (the most obvious national political figure), ignoring the influence of Congress on the national economy. More sophisticated individuals, by contrast, are capable of more diffuse attributions. Thus, to the extent that conventional economic voting occurs in congressional elections, it should be confined to the more sophisticated portion of the electorate.
CTLA-4 blockade enhances polyfunctional NY-ESO-1 specific T cell responses in metastatic melanoma patients with clinical benefit

Blockade of inhibitory signals mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has been shown to enhance T cell responses and induce durable clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. The functional impact of anti-CTLA-4 therapy on human immune responses is still unclear. To explore this, we analyzed immune-related adverse events and immune responses in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab, a fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody. Fifteen patients were selected on the basis of availability of suitable specimens for immunologic monitoring, and eight of these showed evidence of clinical benefit. Five of the eight patients with evidence of clinical benefit had NY-ESO-1 antibody, whereas none of seven clinical non-responders was seropositive for NY-ESO-1. All five NY-ESO-1 seropositive patients had clearly detectable CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against NY-ESO-1 following treatment with ipilimumab. One NY-ESO-1 seronegative clinical responder also had a NY-ESO-1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response, possibly related to prior vaccination with NY-ESO-1. Among five clinical non-responders analyzed, only one had a NY-ESO-1 CD4+ T cell response and this patient did not have detectable anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody. Overall, NY-ESO-1-specific T cell responses increased in frequency and functionality during anti-CTLA-4 treatment, revealing a polyfunctional response pattern of IFN-γ, MIP-1β and TNF-α. We therefore suggest that CTLA-4 blockade enhanced NY-ESO-1 antigen-specific B cell and T cell immune responses in patients with durable objective clinical responses and stable disease. These data provide an immunologic rationale for the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy and call for immunotherapeutic designs that combine NY-ESO-1 vaccination with CTLA-4 blockade.
Growth Accounting for Hotel and Restaurant Industries

The availability of new data files from an EU research project has made it possible to analyze the sources of long-term supply growth in the hotel and restaurant industries of eight selected countries. This study is the first to use the growth accounting model to analyze growth determinants in the hotel and restaurant sector in an international context. The model allows isolating the impact of capital services of information and communication technology and non—information and communication technology, the impact of quantitative labor inputs measured by working hours and labor composition, and the influence of multifactor productivity on value-added growth in the hotel and restaurant industry. It provides a conceptual framework, which is of fundamental importance for policy evaluation. An analysis of the results shows that in most cases the greatest contribution to growth is derived from the quantitative labor input, followed by capital services of non— information and communication technology.
Ultrastructural correlates of electrical‐chemical synaptic transmission in goldfish cranial motor nuclei

The output connections of the cranial relay neurons, part of the Mauthner cell network, were examined in goldfish with light and electron microscopic techniques. Either lueifer yellow or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into cranial relay neuron axons to demonstrate that they diverge to several motor nuclei and to many motoneurons within one nucleus. Retrograde transport of the enzyme from injections of mandibular muscles was used to label the trigeminal motoneurons.
Caravan parks as a provider in the affordable housing market

Caravan parks in Australian capital cities have provided a source of housing at the lower end of the market for many years. This includes opportunities for both private rental and home ownership. However, emerging trends in the property market have threatened the viability of caravan parks. In order to maintain or increase income levels, some caravan parks have focused on more profitable short‐term tourist opportunities rather than traditional long‐term housing. While the closure and conversion of caravan parks raise crucial questions for Australian social and housing policy, there are also implications for the broader property market. This paper examines the changing role of the operation of caravan parks, with the emphasis placed on their economic feasibility. The research is based on a survey of 30 caravan park operators in Queensland, Australia. The factors influencing caravan parks are identified, and suggestions to address the changing role of caravan parks as a provider in the affordable housing market are canvassed.
Further Improvements in the Understanding of Isotropic Loop Quantum Cosmology

Supported by the Spanish MICINN Project FIS2008-06078-C03-03 and the ConsoliderIngenio 2010 Program CPAN (CSD2007-00042). Financial aid by the I3P Program of CSIC and the European Social Fund under the grant I3PBPD2006. ﬁnancial support under CSIC the grant JAEPre_08_00791.
Physicians promoting physical activity using pedometers and community partnerships: a real world trial

Background Healthcare providers are a primary source of information on preventive health issues for patients. Further research related to physical activity (PA) promotion in the primary care setting is needed. Objective To explore the feasibility of a physician and community PA intervention using a pedometer for: increasing PA levels among inactive patients; enhancing relationships between physicians and community PA partners; and influencing the PA promotion habits of physicians. Methods A 6-week PA intervention was delivered to 152 inactive patients who were recruited in physician waiting rooms, counselled by their physicians, provided with a pedometer and referred to a community action site (CAS) at their local recreation centre for further support. PA was measured at baseline and follow-up using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Follow-up interviews were conducted with physicians and recreation representatives on the challenges and benefits associated with the intervention. Results Study patients significantly increased their PA (103% change in MET min/week). Physicians and recreation professionals were highly satisfied with the intervention and partnership. There were challenges to ongoing communication. Physicians reported increased awareness of the pedometer and community resources as supports for PA. Conclusion A pedometer-based PA intervention delivered by physicians in partnership with a community PA stakeholder is feasible and warrants further research. Long-term maintenance of this intervention would require resources for pedometers, and ongoing contact and communication between the physicians and CAS to ensure availability of community supports.
Some New Evidence on Competition in Payday Lending Markets

A critical question in the policy debate about payday lending is whether other financial institutions can plausibly provide attractive and lower‐priced substitutes for standard payday loans. I present several new pieces of evidence addressing the question, focusing on whether credit unions, which are often held as the strongest potential competitors to payday lenders, do (or might) viably compete in the payday loan market. National payday loan offerings by credit unions show that very few credit unions currently offer payday loans. Credit union industry reports suggest that those credit unions offering such loans seem unwilling or unable to undercut substantially the prevailing prices set by payday lenders. Those industry reports also reveal that lower‐priced credit union loans generally ration riskier borrowers out of the market by imposing greater restrictions on approval and repayment; risk‐adjusted prices for credit union payday loans may not be lower at all. Survey evidence suggests that most current payday borrowers prefer higher‐priced but less restrictive standard payday loans to lower‐priced but more restrictive alternatives offered by credit unions. The combined demand‐ and supply‐side evidence suggests that one should not expect credit unions (or by extension banks) to offer lower‐priced, higher‐quality alternatives for consumers who currently use payday loans.
The Zoo as Ecotourism Attraction – Visitor Reactions, Perceptions and Management Implications: The Case of Hamilton Zoo, New Zealand

This paper reports results from a survey of 359 visitors to Hamilton Zoo, New Zealand. The questionnaire comprised items relating to motives for visiting the zoo, and evaluations of attributes, thereby permitting an importance-evaluation approach. The construction of the questionnaire was prompted by zoo management wishing to learn more about what motivated visits, and whether there were perceived deficiencies in visitors' experiences of the zoo. Like other studies (e.g. Turley, 2001) it was concluded that zoos represent an opportunity for family-based trips. However, while some opportunities exist for learning, on the whole visitors were not generally interested in acquiring detailed information about wildlife. Indeed, more importance was attached to the viewing of animals than to the recognition that possibly animals might require 'private places'. These findings prompt a discussion about the extent to which zoos might be able to replace or supplement trips to natural habitats as a means of viewing animals, and concludes that for this to happen significant changes in zoo layout would be required. Additionally, possible implications for zoo management are discussed.
The Price/Quantity Sealed Bid/Offer Auction with Pro-rata Rationing: Experimental Evidence

This study examines a price/quantity sealed bid/offer auction with pro-rata rationing in risky and riskless settings. An asset with a known distribution of possible values is traded in the risky setting. Results include prices and quantities less consistent with the competitive equilibrium than with other Nash equilibria; frequent overrevelation of quantities; a 0.73 correlation between inferred and induced risk coefficients; lower forgone profits for the nonrationed side of the market; and relatively low efficiencies. The riskless setting, in which asset values are known, exhibits many of the same characteristics but to a lesser degree. Coauthors are Ann Martin, David Senkow, and Galen Sevcik. Copyright 1993 by Royal Economic Society.
Recessions, Growth and Banking Crises

We examine the relationship of banking crises with economic growth and recessions. Our data cover 21 economies from around the world, most from 1870 to 2009 with the rest starting in 1901 or earlier. The data include capital investment and human capital formation. We have two major findings. First, there is very large heterogeneity in growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and capital investment after banking crises. Most strikingly, twenty-five percent of counties experience no decrease in real GDP per capita in the year of the crisis or the following two years. Some countries see an increase in long run growth after a crisis while others see a fall, with no clear overall pattern. Second, we find clear evidence consistent with Zarnowitz's Law. If there is a contraction in economic activity after a banking crisis, larger decreases in real GDP per capita are followed by faster subsequent growth.
The Impact of Teacher Qualifications on Student Achievement: An Examination of Schools in New Orleans Pre- and Post-Hurricane Katrina

One important outcome of the restructuring of the New Orleans school system post-Hurricane Katrina, and the subsequent performance of students, was an awareness that some fundamental premises in No Child Left Behind (NCLB) should be revisited. An examination of student performance in the restructured school system, for example, raised questions about the effect of teacher qualifications on students' performance. Implicit in the NCLB legislation was an assumption that teacher qualifications had a positive effect on student performance as measured by standardized tests. Using data from school records and scores on standardized tests, this assumption was examined and analyzed; allowing the researcher to address three research questions.This quantitative descriptive study of nine New Orleans public schools under the Recovery School District control that existed both before and after Hurricane Katrina, provided evidence that as the number of highly qualified teachers decreased, student performance increased. The results of this study indicate that although NCLB legislation made the issue of teacher qualification a priority in improving student performance, the evidence of this study indicates that the NCLB definition of a highly qualified teacher did not have a strong effect on student performance. %%%%Degree awarded: Ph.D. School of Education, Teaching and Health. American University
Corporate social responsibility and governance in sport: “Oh, the things you can find, if you don’t stay behind!”

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide practical and future research implications for the field of governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in sports to strengthen the depth of knowledge in this area. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews parts of the existing international literature and draws on literature from general business, management and governance to widen the scope and open spaces of opportunities for interested researchers. Findings – The authors find six themes that are of particular relevance and cluster them along context, content and process to map out critical and promising aspects that we believe will progress our understanding of and contribution to CSR and governance in sport: features and idiosyncrasies of sport in relation to governance and CSR; the relevance and impact of regional and cultural context; reflections on “content” of CSR in sport in difference to CSR through sport; the quest for the business case for CSR in sport and consumer reactions; .
What Does Consistent Participation in 401(k) Plans Generate? Changes in 401(k) Account Balances, 2007-2013

This paper analyzes changes in 401(k) account balances of consistent participants in the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database over the five-year period from year-end 2007 to year-end 2012. About 34 percent, or 7.5 million, of the 401(k) participants with accounts at the end of 2007 in the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database are in the consistent sample. Analysis of a consistent group of 401(k) participants highlights the impact of ongoing participation in 401(k) plans. The analysis also looks at changes in asset allocation between year-end 2007 and year-end 2012. Overall, the average account balance of consistent 401(k) participants increased at a compound annual average growth rate of 6.8 percent from 2007 to 2012, to $107,053 at year-end 2012. The median 401(k) account balance increased at a compound annual average growth rate of 11.9 percent over the period, to $49,814 at year-end 2012. At year-end 2012, the average account balance among consistent participants was 67 percent higher than the average account balance among all participants in the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database. The consistent group’s median balance was almost three times the median balance across all participants at year-end 2012. Younger participants or those with smaller initial balances experienced higher percent growth in account balances compared with older participants or those with larger initial balances. Three primary factors impact account balances: contributions, investment returns, and withdrawal/loan activity. The percent change in average account balance of participants in their 20s was heavily influenced by the relative size of their contributions to their account balances and increased at a compound average growth rate of 41.8 percent per year between year-end 2007 and year-end 2012. 401(k) participants tend to concentrate their accounts in equity securities. The asset allocation of the 7.5 million 401(k) plan participants in the consistent group was broadly similar to the asset allocation of the 24.0 million participants in the entire year-end 2012 EBRI/ICI 401(k) database. On average, about three-fifths of 401(k) participants’ assets were invested in equities, either through equity funds, the equity portion of target-date funds, the equity portion of non-target-date balanced funds, or company stock. Younger 401(k) participants tend to have higher concentrations in equities than older 401(k) participants. More consistent 401(k) plan participants held target-date funds at year-end 2012 than at year-end 2007, on net; a third of those with target-date funds held all of their 401(k) account in target-date funds.