Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sterile Immunity to Malaria after DNA Prime/Adenovirus Boost Immunization Is Associated with Effector Memory CD8+T Cells Targeting AMA1 Class I Epitopes

Background Fifteen volunteers were immunized with three doses of plasmid DNA encoding P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and boosted with human adenovirus-5 (Ad) expressing the same antigens (DNA/Ad). Four volunteers (27%) demonstrated sterile immunity to controlled human malaria infection and, overall, protection was statistically significantly associated with ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ activities to AMA1 but not CSP. DNA priming was required for protection, as 18 additional subjects immunized with Ad alone (AdCA) did not develop sterile protection. Methodology/Principal Findings We sought to identify correlates of protection, recognizing that DNA-priming may induce different responses than AdCA alone. Among protected volunteers, two and three had higher ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to CSP and AMA1, respectively, than non-protected volunteers. Unexpectedly, non-protected volunteers in the AdCA trial showed ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to AMA1 equal to or higher than the protected volunteers. T cell functionality assessed by intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 likewise did not distinguish protected from non-protected volunteers across both trials. However, three of the four protected volunteers showed higher effector to central memory CD8+ T cell ratios to AMA1, and one of these to CSP, than non-protected volunteers for both antigens. These responses were focused on discrete regions of CSP and AMA1. Class I epitopes restricted by A*03 or B*58 supertypes within these regions of AMA1 strongly recalled responses in three of four protected volunteers. We hypothesize that vaccine-induced effector memory CD8+ T cells recognizing a single class I epitope can confer sterile immunity to P. falciparum in humans. Conclusions/Significance We suggest that better understanding of which epitopes within malaria antigens can confer sterile immunity and design of vaccine approaches that elicit responses to these epitopes will increase the potency of next generation gene-based vaccines.
Specialized Innovative ROBOT : Capable of Functioning in Extremely Challenging Terrain

To develop a fully autonomous vehicle that can operate in any terrain without any hindrance and perform various tasks in different environment such as in mines or post natural disaster, detection of hazardous elements with the help of different sensors is the basic aim of this paper. The main objective for this vehicle is to reach and perform multifarious operations where humans cannot reach and are out of the range of even a military commander. This is done using ATMEGA 128 microcontroller and interfacing varied devices with the same we obtain the final result. These devices work simultaneously providing accurate and exact data to the robot and are fixed in a layered manner. It also includes onboard communication if the commander wants the robot to perform particular task then through wireless communication device the task can be assigned to the robot while it’s on a mission. Keywordsgps, gsm, imu, jumping mechanism, temperature sensor, ultrasonic sensor, water sensor, webcam, wireless module
Dopamine Signaling in reward-related behaviors

Dopamine (DA) regulates emotional and motivational behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Changes in DA mesolimbic neurotransmission have been found to modify behavioral responses to various environmental stimuli associated with reward behaviors. Psychostimulants, drugs of abuse, and natural reward such as food can cause substantial synaptic modifications to the mesolimbic DA system. Recent studies using optogenetics and DREADDs, together with neuron-specific or circuit-specific genetic manipulations have improved our understanding of DA signaling in the reward circuit, and provided a means to identify the neural substrates of complex behaviors such as drug addiction and eating disorders. This review focuses on the role of the DA system in drug addiction and food motivation, with an overview of the role of D1 and D2 receptors in the control of reward-associated behaviors.
A deterministic density algorithm for pairwise interaction coverage

Pairwise coverage of factors affecting software has been proposed to screen for potential errors. Techniques to generate test suites for pairwise coverage are evaluated according to many criteria. A small number of tests is a main criterion, as this dictates the time for test execution. Randomness has been exploited to search for small test suites, but variation occurs in the test suite produced. A worst-case guarantee on test suite size is desired; repeatable generation is often necessary. The time to construct the test suite is also important. Finally, testers must be able to include certain tests, and to exclude others. The main approaches to generating test suites for pairwise coverage are examined; these are exemplified by AETG, IPO, TCG, TConfig, simulated annealing, and combinatorial design techniques. A greedy variant of AETG and TCG is developed. It is deterministic, guaranteeing reproducibility. It generates only one candidate test at a time, providing faster test suite development. It is shown to provide a logarithmic worst-case guarantee on the test suite size. It permits users to “seed” the test suite with specified tests. Finally, comparisons with other greedy approaches demonstrate that it often yields the smallest test suite.
Provisioning differentiated services using programming interfaces for networks

The IETF Differentiated Service (DiffServ) effort aims to create a scaleable framework for realizing traffic differentiation in IP networks. At present, the framework has laid the ground for ar-chitecting routers that provide basic functionalities to support traffic differentiation. How these DiffServ-enabled routers can be put together to form a service network is not mandated by the framework. The open signaling approach, originally proposed for ATM networks defines programming interfaces for switches and routers. End to end services can be created by programming the routers via the standard interfaces using simple signaling mechanisms. This leads to flexible service creation and co-operative behavior of multiple routers in a network. In this paper, we present a behavioral abstraction called virtual link for IP packet forwarding engines. The virtual link abstraction and open signaling are used for provisioning Differentiated Services. The work described herein has been submitted in part, as a contribution to the IEEE P1520.3 working group for standardizing programming interfaces for networks. Implementation experience of the proposed interfaces is presented.
Family caregiving for patients with stroke. Review and analysis.

BACKGROUND The literature on family caregiving for stroke patients is reviewed with the goals of (1) evaluating the effects of stroke caregiving on caregivers' well-being, (2) outlining deficiencies and methodological limitations of current research, and (3) outlining policy and practice implications of current studies. SUMMARY OF REVIEW A total of 20 published stroke caregiving research articles were included in this review. Across studies, the effects of stroke caregiving on caregivers' well-being and the significant predictors of caregivers' depression were analyzed. Current evidence suggests that stroke caregivers have elevated levels of depression at both the acute stroke phase and the chronic stroke phase. However, major gaps are apparent in this literature, with few studies addressing such areas as caregiver physical health, ethnicity, and caregiver interventions. CONCLUSIONS Given the increasing prevalence of stroke as well as the increasing pressures on families to provide care, more research is needed to guide policy and practice in this understudied topic.
Cell selection algorithm performance for Tetra trunk

In this paper, we present a cell selection algorithm for Tetra trunk based professional mobile radio systems. The users are attached the base stations by considering the C1 path loss parameter and the cell load indicator broadcasted by each base station. The simulation results are obtained for various scenarios. It is observed that proposed cell selection algorithm gives better performances than distance based cell selection algorithm in terms of fair distribution of users among base stations and the signal to interference plus noise ratio belonging to attached users.
Fuzzy neural network control of truck backer-upper using hybrid genetic algorithms

In this paper, a kind of fuzzy neural network based on hybrid genetic algorithms is proposed. Hybrid genetic algorithm is presented to train the fuzzy neural network. The hybrid genetic algorithm improved normal genetic algorithm. The BP algorithm is added to genetic algorithm. In particularly, the global convergent characteristic of the genetic algorithm is used to find the possible universal optimum, and the great feature of the BP algorithm, that is, error descend in the direction of grads, is used to fast search about the optimum. Thus, the fast learning capability and an accurate approximation ability are obtained. The fuzzy neural network is used to the control problem of truck backer-upper. The simulation results show that it achieves better control effect.
Control of Avian Coccidiosis: Future and Present Natural Alternatives

Numerous efforts to date have been implemented in the control of avian coccidiosis caused by the Eimeria parasite. Since the appearance of anticoccidial chemical compounds, the search for new alternatives continues. Today, no product is available to cope with the disease; however, the number of products commercially available is constantly increasing. In this review, we focus on natural products and their anticoccidial activity. This group comprises fatty acids, antioxidants, fungal and herbal extracts, and immune response modulators with proven anticoccidial activity, many of which exist as dietary supplements. Additionally, we offer an overview of the poultry industry and the economic cost of coccidiosis as well as the classical strategies used to control the disease.
Privacy Information Security Classification Study in Internet of Things

A lot of privacy protection technologies have been proposed, but most of them are independent and aim at protecting some specific privacy. Besides, there is hardly enough deep study into the attributes of privacy. Hence, this paper focuses on the attributes of the privacy information and proposes a method to classify the security level of the privacy information. Privacies are classified into three security levels and each level has its security goal respectively. The Baidu search engine is taken as the research platform of collecting related data. Based on the big data from the search engine, we can classify the security levels of 52 privacy items.
For Sociology in Teacher Education

Education interacts closely with society and changes according to its needs. It differs from society to society and within a society over time (see Durkheim 1956 : 68). One significant fact about education is that it has come to occupy a central place in most contemporary societies during the last century. The purpose of this essay is to trace the consequences of this interaction upon the role of the teacher, to indicate the relevance of the sociology of education to an understanding of the complexities of the educational process and to assess the contribution that the socio logy of education can make toward making a teacher more responsive to the new demands that educational process in today's changing context makes upon him. I shall argue that sociology of education must leave its value-free pretensions if it has to make any contribution to the understanding of education under situations of change, especially when the goals which education fulfills cannot be realized without recourse to some ideological framework.
Does Education Affect Time Preference?

We study the effect of education on time preference, focusing on Indonesia. Using IndonesiaFamily Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4 and 5, we document the causal effects of education on patience. We apply household fixed effect (FE), sibling FE, individual FE and instrument variable specifications. We use INPRES primary school construction program between 1973/4 and 1978 as an IV for the years of schooling. We find that one more year of schooling makes people more patient by 13.5 percentage point for female in the IV estimation. Our results are robust to the other FE specifications. We also provide the suggestive mechanisms through which education affects patience. Cognition measured by Raven’s test, total income and risk averseness are the plausible mechanisms. Education makes people more cognitively active, richer and risk averse, leading to more patience.
Exploring situational interest sources in the French physical education context

Based on the framework of interest, studies have shown that situational interest possesses strong motivation potential for students in physical education. Understanding how teachers can use situational interest in a classroom context is critical to motivate students. However, such investigations have been exclusively conducted in the United States and little is known about situational interest in other contexts. Grounded specifically in the French physical education curriculum, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the five situational interest sources (instant enjoyment, exploration intention, attention demand, challenge and novelty) and total interest, to demonstrate which sources could be related to total interest and to determine possible mediators’ effects among sources. Students (n = 601; M age = 14.37; range 11–18 years; SD = 1.96; 51.4% boys) from 25 classes in six secondary schools participated in the study. They responded to the French situational interest scale after practising learning tasks in regular physical education lessons. On the basis of multiple-regression and mediation analyses, a structural equation model was formed to map out the meaningfulness of the relationships among situational interest sources and the total interest. Our results showed that instant enjoyment and exploration intention have direct and positive effects on total interest. In addition, these sources mediated the effects from attention demand and challenge toward the total interest. These results indicated that an effective way to motivate students in physical education is to build motivational components into the course content, especially those which enhance situational interest.
Predicting Billboard Top 100 Songs

The Million Song Dataset contains both metadata and audio data for each song. In fact, one of our main challenges was deciding which features to use, since each song had more data than we could reasonably train on if we included all the audio data. The features included genre labels, metadata, and 12 x n arrays for the pitches, timbres, and loudness at each ”segment”, which typically represents the beginning of a new note [4].
Reinventing the Supplier Negotiation Process at Motorola

As the world market for telecommunications underwent a massive downturn in the early 2000s, Motorola, Inc. needed to cut costs and increase productivity throughout its operations. It had to identify a method of reducing the time and effort required to prepare for and conduct negotiations with its suppliers, simplify their coordination, and optimize contract awards across sectors, to save costs. Motorola's global procurement function selected Emptoris's end-to-end Internet negotiations platform. Combining innovative bidding, online supplier negotiations, and scenario-based optimization analysis, it identifies the best procurement strategy while enhancing supplier relationships. Sourcing over $16 billion and saving more than $600 million, including $200 million specifically driven by the platform's advanced capabilities, Motorola changed its supplier negotiation paradigm and moved to a truly global process.
Way to go - A framework for multi-level planning in games

Path planning is one of the classical computational tasks in video games. Virtual characters need to autonomously ﬁnd a path from their current position to a designated goal position. This is usually solved by running the A* algorithm on a grid or a navigation mesh. However, in many modern games, strictly following the resulting path is not sufﬁcient. More levels of planning are necessary to efﬁciently simulate realistic and advanced behavior, and the underlying data structure should support those levels. In this paper, we discuss a ﬁve-level hierarchy of planning in games. Furthermore, we present a framework that provides solutions for the three center levels: global route planning, route following, and local planning. It uses an efﬁcient and ﬂexible navigation mesh based on the exact geometry of the environment. Our framework can be extended to solve advanced path planning problems in future games. When used as an interface for higher-level semantic planning systems, it provides a comprehensive set of techniques for game developers and path planning researchers.
The Zinc-Finger Protein Slug Causes Desmosome Dissociation, an Initial and Necessary Step for Growth Factor–induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential morphogenetic process during embryonic development. It can be induced in vitro by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), or by FGF-1 in our NBT-II cell model for EMT. We tested for a central role in EMT of a zinc-finger protein called Slug. Slug mRNA and protein levels were increased transiently in FGF-1–treated NBT-II cells. Transient or stable transfection of Slug cDNA in NBT-II cells resulted in a striking disappearance of the desmosomal markers desmoplakin and desmoglein from cell–cell contact areas, mimicking the initial steps of FGF-1 or HGF/SF- induced EMT. Stable transfectant cells expressed Slug protein and were less epithelial, with increased cell spreading and cell–cell separation in subconfluent cultures. Interestingly, NBT-II cells transfected with antisense Slug cDNA were able to resist EMT induction by FGF-1 or even HGF/SF. This antisense effect was suppressed by retransfection with Slug sense cDNA. Our results indicate that Slug induces the first phase of growth factor–induced EMT, including desmosome dissociation, cell spreading, and initiation of cell separation. Moreover, the antisense inhibition experiments suggest that Slug is also necessary for EMT.
Influence of a Yoga Program on Stress and Anxiety in Patients with Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is a major chronic lifestyle disease affecting one in three adults over 25 years or about one billion, thereby resulting in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal complications. In addition, it is an important contributor for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Reports suggest that hypertension is rapidly increasing in the developing countries like India. Although medical management is effective in treating hypertension, owing to the side effects, alternative therapy such as Yoga practice is recommended. However, evidences on the efficacy of yoga practice in patients with hypertension are insufficient and further research is required. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a Yoga program on Stress and Anxiety in patients with hypertension. Methods: Of 238 patients, 118 were randomly assigned to participate in yoga program (YP) group and 120 to the control group (CG) with no treatment. Parameters such as blood pressure (BP), anxiety, and perceived stress were measured before and after intervention. Results: The groups were initially homogeneous; however, after intervention, the groups significantly differed. The YP group exhibited reduced BP, anxiety, and perceived stress (5 < 0.001). Conclusion: The study suggests that yoga program may offer an effective intervention in reducing BP, anxiety and perceived stress in patients with hypertension. Practicing Yogaasanas at home are helpful to avoid increased BP­related complications.
Eulerian circuits with no monochromatic transitions

Let G be an eulerian digraph with a fixed edge coloring (not necessarily a proper edge coloring). A compatible circuit of G is an eulerian circuit such that every two consecutive edges in the circuit have different colors. We characterize the existence of compatible circuits for directed graphs avoiding certain vertices of outdegree three. Our result is analogous to a result of Kotzig for compatible circuits in edge-colored eulerian undirected graphs. From our characterization for digraphs we develop a polynomial time algorithm that determines the existence of a compatible circuit in an edge-colored eulerian digraph and produces a compatible circuit if one exists. Our results use the fact that rainbow spanning trees have been characterized in edge-colored undirected multigraphs. We provide another graph theoretical proof of this fact.
Rare and Common Regulatory Variation in Population-Scale Sequenced Human Genomes

Population-scale genome sequencing allows the characterization of functional effects of a broad spectrum of genetic variants underlying human phenotypic variation. Here, we investigate the influence of rare and common genetic variants on gene expression patterns, using variants identified from sequencing data from the 1000 genomes project in an African and European population sample and gene expression data from lymphoblastoid cell lines. We detect comparable numbers of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) when compared to genotypes obtained from HapMap 3, but as many as 80% of the top expression quantitative trait variants (eQTVs) discovered from 1000 genomes data are novel. The properties of the newly discovered variants suggest that mapping common causal regulatory variants is challenging even with full resequencing data; however, we observe significant enrichment of regulatory effects in splice-site and nonsense variants. Using RNA sequencing data, we show that 46.2% of nonsynonymous variants are differentially expressed in at least one individual in our sample, creating widespread potential for interactions between functional protein-coding and regulatory variants. We also use allele-specific expression to identify putative rare causal regulatory variants. Furthermore, we demonstrate that outlier expression values can be due to rare variant effects, and we approximate the number of such effects harboured in an individual by effect size. Our results demonstrate that integration of genomic and RNA sequencing analyses allows for the joint assessment of genome sequence and genome function.
Daydreaming to navigate the social world: What we know, what we don't know, and why it matters

A substantial portion of daily life is spent daydreaming—that is, engaged in thought independent of, and unrelated to, goals in the external environment. We argue that this naturally occurring, unconstrained cognition is a vital, but currently underappreciated, form of social cognition that enables navigation of the social world. First, we present the results of a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies which illustrate the shared neural basis of daydreaming and social cognition (including regions of the anterior temporal lobes and the posterior cingulate cortex). Second, we review evidence regarding the frequency, correlates, and adaptive outcomes of social daydreaming, cumulative findings that point to the adaptive value of imaging others during this offline state. We end by encouraging cross-fertilization between daydreaming research and domains of social psychology (goal pursuit, social interactions, and close relationships), which we hope will foster mutually beneficial directions for understanding the role that unconstrained thinking plays in social life.