Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indirect Measurements of Coherent Thermal Emission from a Truncated Photonic Crystal Structure

Recently, coherent thermal emission characteristics have been demonstrated for both polarizations from a multilayer structure consisting of a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) coated on a silver layer, i.e., PC-on-Ag structure. The key to enabling coherent emission is to excite a surface wave at the PC-Ag interface in the stop band of the PC. A detailed experimental investigation is conducted to demonstrate coherent thermal emission in the near-infrared region from the fabricated PC-on-Ag structure. A Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, together with a specular reflectance accessory and a polarizer, is used to measure the reflectance at incidence angles of 30° and 45°. In addition, an angle-resolved scatterometer is used to measure the reflectance at the wavelength of 891 nm. Measured reflectance shows very good temporal and spatial coherence. Furthermore, the magnitude of the evanescent waves at the PC-Ag interface is plotted in terms of the wavelength and the incidence angle. It is found that dip locations of the measured reflectance precisely match with the condition when the field intensity is largely enhanced.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
User Perception of Wysa as a Mental Well-being Support Tool during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily lives globally, causing social isolation that impacted the mental health and well-being of the population, particularly the students. With the shortage of accessible healthcare facilities and resources, the community is turning to technology-based mental healthcare interventions such as telemental health systems, online support groups, self-service web and mobile applications, and chatbots. In this study, we assessed the extent in which the daily interaction with the chatbot Wysa can influence the well-being of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students evaluated the usability and effectiveness of Wysa’s clinical interventions which include the talk therapy, gratitude journal, self-care practices and mindfulness exercise throughout the duration of the week-long experiment. They provided their perception on the quality of the chatbot’s response, affect and human-likeness, and shared attributes that would motivate self-disclosure and openness to communicate with the chatbot. Our findings can shed insights on the effectiveness of mental health apps as a coping mechanism in a time of social isolation and provide suggestions on how such technologies can be improved in order to maximize well-being benefits as well as user satisfaction.
Experimental Design in Teaching Crisis and Emergency Management in Social Sciences: The Case of the RCR Lab at Mid Sweden University

This short paper is a case study of the RCR Lab located at the campus of Mid Sweden University in Northern Sweden. We argue that experimental design thinking in research and higher education in the fields of crisis and emergency management in social studies can ameliorate the post hoc methodological problem and shed light in the decision processes and information flow among first responders as well as public officials of various levels. The RCR Lab may be used as an enhanced, realistic space for the enrichment of role-playing and simulations, to activate students, as well as a sophisticated tool for the collection not only of quantitative, but also of qualitative data. The audience for this paper may be institutions of higher education that have a lab on campus and are looking for new ways of utilizing it, as well as educators in general who are looking for new ways to integrate experimental thinking in their classes.
Childcare Centers and Disaster Preparedness: Lessons from New Zealand

This exploratory study examines disaster preparedness in childcare centers. It was conducted in Aotearoa New Zealand—a small nation at risk to many types of hazards—to understand, ultimately, how best to keep very young children safe in disasters. To add to the discussion of disaster preparedness for childcare centers and children's vulnerability in disasters, the study utilized interviews with childcare center directors and teachers, government employees, and researchers, and carried out observations at childcare centers and at government-sponsored trainings. The themes that were identified in the data are five elements that are key in the process of implementing preparedness measures, namely regulation clarity, communication, leadership, training, and community networks. Factors that hinder or assist childcare center preparedness are discussed.
Citizens’ Emotional and Cognitive Responses to Focusing Events – An Experimental Study

Focusing events, i.e. crises and catastrophes, provide an opportunity for political change, learning and evaluation of governmental performance. Likewise, it is essential that citizens trust that their society can provide credence towards managing these situations. This study tests, in a controlled laboratory experiment, in what manner the origin (man-made versus natural disasters) and strength of focusing events affect the emotional and cognitive reactions of citizens. We used a 2-x-2 basic factorial design with post-test-only between-groups comparisons testing self-reported emotions, psychophysiological and cognitive reactions among the test subjects (N = 30) to four different focusing events. Our findings show that an event with a stronger degree of focus brings about more emotional and cognitive reactions than an event with a weaker degree of focus, although only among events originating from man. Also, events originating from man caused stronger reactions than those originating from nature, albeit only among events with a strong degree of focus.
Is it Time to Move Away? How Hurricanes Affect Future Plans

Using surveys and interviews in the aftermath of Hurricanes Matthew and Irma, we investigated people's reasons for living on the coast of Georgia, their expectations for the future, and their intentions to stay in place or migrate away from the coast. We found that age, income, and ethnicity all play small but significant roles in determining intention to migrate, but that more intangible elements such as changes in quality of life or lifestyle may be more important. Many residents indicated a preference for remaining close if they were to permanently leave their homes, and residents were more likely to indicate a preference for staying in place after Irma than after Matthew. Residents may have many reasons for becoming more reluctant to move – complacency borne out of repeated “near misses”, increased awareness of the likely costs and inconvenience of re-location, or the realization that specific impacts are highly variable—making responses by coastal planners and managers more challenging.
A comparison of LBGs, DRGs, and BzK galaxies: their contribution to the stellar mass density in the GOODS-MUSIC sample

Context. The classification scheme for high redshift galaxies is complex at the present time, with simple colour-selection criteria (i.e. EROs, IEROs, LBGs, DRGs, BzKs), resulting in ill-defined properties for the stellar mass and star formation rate of these distant galaxies. Aims. The goal of this work is to investigate the properties of different classes of high- z galaxies, focusing in particular on the stellar masses of LBGs, DRGs, and BzKs, in order to derive their contribution to the total mass budget of the distant Universe. Methods. We used the GOODS-MUSIC catalog, containing ~3000 K s-selected (~10 000 z -selected) galaxies with multi-wavelength coverage extending from the U band to the Spitzer $8~\mu$m band, with spectroscopic or accurate photometric redshifts. We selected samples of BM/BX/LBGs, DRGs, and BzK galaxies to discuss the overlap and the limitations of these criteria, which can be overridden by a selection criterion based on physical parameters. We then measured the stellar masses of these galaxies and computed the stellar mass density (SMD) for the different samples up to redshift $\simeq$4. Results. We show that the BzK-PE criterion is not optimal for selecting early type galaxies at the faint end. On the other hand, BzK-SF is highly contaminated by passively evolving galaxies at red $z-K$s colours. We find that LBGs and DRGs contribute almost equally to the global SMD at $z\ge 2$ and, in general, that star-forming galaxies form a substantial fraction of the universal SMD. Passively evolving galaxies show a strong negative density evolution from redshift 2 to 3, indicating that we are witnessing the epoch of mass assembly of such objects. Finally we have indications that by pushing the selection to deeper magnitudes, the contribution of less massive DRGs could overtake that of LBGs. Deeper surveys, like the HUDF, are required to confirm this suggestion.
Full-band Monte Carlo simulations of high-field electron transport in GaAs and ZnS

We study the high-field transport in GaAs and ZnS based on ab initio band structures determined within density-functional theory using an exact exchange formalism with a local-density approximation for correlations. The transport properties are gained from ensemble Monte Carlo simulations where all relevant scattering mechanisms are considered including a realistic impact ionization rate. Important results are shown for the drift velocity, the mean kinetic energy, and the valley occupation.
Demographics and the Dynamics of Recovery: A Latent Class Analysis of Disaster Recovery Priorities after the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma Tornado

Many factors influence decisions made by households impacted by major disasters, including decisions related to rebuilding their homes in situ or relocating to a new home. Our understanding of how recovery priorities play into these decisions, however, is limited, as is our understanding of how these processes vary according to demographic characteristics. This study explored drivers of household residential decision-making after the 2013 Moore, OK, tornado. Using Latent Class Analysis, we examined the dynamic relationship between demographic characteristics, hazard exposure, and recovery priorities, with an emphasis on factors that influenced households to rebuild and remain in their original community. Our results indicate that demographics and hazard exposure dynamically influence the relative importance of several factors households considered in making residential decisions. Implications related to disaster recovery priorities and residential decision-making are discussed, including the potential development of generalizable models for use by emergency managers in predicting housing recovery priorities and prioritizing recovery actions.
Molecular‐beam‐epitaxy growth of CdTe on InSb (110) monitored in situ by Raman spectroscopy

CdTe epitaxial layers were deposited on clean cleaved InSb(110) substrates by molecular‐beam epitaxy at room temperature and elevated temperatures. The formation of interface and layer was investigated using Raman spectroscopy as a growth monitor, i.e., Raman spectra were taken on line without interruption of the deposition process. Fabry–Perot interference of the incident as well as the scattered light within the heterostructure leads to a characteristic modulation of the substrate phonon scattering intensity. The modulation is calculated and serves as a measure for the layer thickness. For the deposition at elevated temperatures the true surface temperature is determined from the InSb TO phonon frequency shift. While at a substrate temperature of 150 °C the crystalline quality of the CdTe layer was improved compared to room‐temperature growth, the deposition of CdTe at 300 °C resulted in the formation of a layer consisting of In2Te3 and liberated Sb. The effect of the laser radiation on the growth proce.
A Qualitative Study on Patients’ Use of Emotion Regulation Strategies During Therapeutic Relationships

Introduction Emotion regulation may be an important tool that therapists and patients use to build and maintain therapeutic relationships. This exploratory study investigates how patients use intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies during interactions with occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Methods A two-staged qualitative study was conducted. In the first stage 11 patients were interviewed regarding their use of emotion regulation during their therapeutic relationships. In the second stage, 14 patient/therapist dyads were observed during the course of the therapeutic relationship and then interviewed individually at the end of the relationship. Results Patients utilise the full range of intrapersonal emotion regulation strategies that can be categorised in Gross’s (1998) process model of emotion regulation including situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive reappraisal and response modulation. They used interpersonal emotion regulation strategies to a lesser extent, only reporting using strategies that fit into one of the four interpersonal emotion regulation strategies identified Williams’ (2007), altering the situation. Conclusions This study makes an important contribution to research on patients’ contribution to therapeutic relationship development/maintenance. It is the first study to explore patients use of intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation in response to negative and positive emotions arising from interactions with therapists.
portfolio: A command for conducting portfolio analysis in Stata

Portfolio analysis is widely used in empirical asset pricing to explore the cross-sectional relation between two or more variables. In this article, we introduce the methodology of portfolio analysis and describe a new command, portfolio, that provides a one-step solution for portfolio analysis. portfolio calculates the equal- or value-weighted returns with a t statistic for the portfolio and tests the significance of a long-short strategy in portfolios. portfolio also provides the Newey–West standard-error adjustment option for alleviating the impact of potential autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity in financial time series.
Sensitivity of Orographic Moist Convection to Landscape Variability: A Study of the Buffalo Creek, Colorado, Flash Flood Case of 1996

Abstract A number of numerical experiments with a high-resolution mesoscale model were conducted to study the convective rainfall event that caused the 1996 Buffalo Creek, Colorado, flash flood. Different surface conditions and treatments of land surface physics were utilized to assess the sensitivity of this orographic moist convection to local and regional landscape forcing. Given accurate large-scale synoptic conditions at the lateral boundaries, the mesoscale model with a convection-resolving grid shows reasonably good skill in simulating this convective event with a lead time of up to 12 h. Sensitivity experiments show that a primary reason for this success is the use of an advanced land surface model that provides time-varying soil-moisture fields. This land surface model plays an important role in capturing the complex interactions among the land surface, the PBL, cloud-modulated radiation, and precipitation. For the case simulated, such interactions contribute to the temporal and spatial distribut.
Dependent video coding using a tree representation of pixel dependencies

Motion-compensated prediction induces a chain of coding dependencies between pixels in video. In principle, an optimal selection of encoding parameters (motion vectors, quantization parameters, coding modes) should take into account the whole temporal horizon of a GOP. However, in practical coding schemes, these choices are made on a frame-by-frame basis, thus with a possible loss of performance. In this paper we describe a tree-based model for pixelwise coding dependencies: each pixel in a frame is the child of a pixel in a previous reference frame. We show that some tree structures are more favorable than others from a rate-distortion perspective, e.g., because they entail a large descendance of pixels which are well predicted from a common ancestor. In those cases, a higher quality has to be assigned to pixels at the top of such trees. We promote the creation of these structures by adding a special discount term to the conventional Lagrangian cost adopted at the encoder. The proposed model can be implemented through a double-pass encoding procedure. Specifically, we devise heuristic cost functions to drive the selection of quantization parameters and of motion vectors, which can be readily implemented into a state-of-the-art H.264/AVC encoder. Our experiments demonstrate that coding efficiency is improved for video sequences with low motion, while there are no apparent gains for more complex motion. We argue that this is due to both the presence of complex encoder features not captured by the model, and to the complexity of the source to be encoded.
The production of nanostructures by mechanical forming

The field of nanometre scale mechanical forming has seen rapid development with the arrival of high resolution, massive parallel techniques such as nanoimprint. Despite a growing number of devices and surface architectures demonstrated, a more fundamental understanding of the mechanics and physics underlying the forming operations is only beginning to emerge. In this review, recent developments in understanding the production of nanostructures through mechanical means at surfaces are surveyed. The main focus is on the replica moulding of viscoelastic liquids and the forging of amorphous solids, with fidelity to design specification judged in terms of shape. The effects of sub-continuum structure on the local specification of geometry will also be briefly considered.
Magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-In-Co Heusler-type glass-coated microwires

We report on fabrication and magnetic properties of Heusler-type NiMnInCo glass-coated microwires with metallic nucleus diameters, d, from 13 up to 23 μm and total diameters, D, from 47 to 55 μm by the Taylor-Ulitovsky technique. Considerable dependence of magnetization on magnetic field below and in vicinity of Curie temperature can be related with two-phase structure or with the Hopkinson effect.
An Extension of Hertz’s Theory in Contact Mechanics

Hertz's theory, developed in 1881, remains the foundation for the analysis of most contact problems. In this paper, we consider the axisymmetric normal contact of two elastic bodies, and the body profiles are described by polynomial functions of integer and non-integer positive powers. It is an extension of Hertz's solution, which concerns the contact of two elastic spheres. A general procedure on how to solve this kind of problem is presented. As an example, we consider the contact between a cone and a sphere. The relations among the radius of the contact area, the depth of the indentation, the total load, and the contact pressure distribution are derived.
A review of forecast error covariance statistics in atmospheric variational data assimilation. II: Modelling the forecast error covariance statistics

This article reviews a range of leading methods to model the background error covariance matrix (the B‐matrix) in modern variational data assimilation systems. Owing partly to its very large rank, the B‐matrix is impossible to use in an explicit fashion in an operational setting and so methods have been sought to model its important properties in a practical way. Because the B‐matrix is such an important component of a data assimilation system, a large effort has been made in recent years to improve its formulation. Operational variational assimilation systems use a form of control variable transform to model B. This transform relates variables that exist in the assimilation's ‘control space’ to variables in the forecast model's physical space. The mathematical basis on which the control variable transform allows the B‐matrix to be modelled is reviewed from first principles, and examples of existing transforms are brought together from the literature. The method allows a large rank matrix to be represented by a relatively small number of parameters, and it is shown how information that is not provided explicitly is filled in. Methods use dynamical properties of the atmosphere (e.g. balance relationships) and make assumptions about the way that background errors are spatially correlated (e.g. homogeneity and isotropy in the horizontal). It is also common to assume that the B‐matrix is static. The way that these, and other, assumptions are built into systems is shown.
Laser ablation of solid substrates in a water-confined environment

Laser ablation of Si under a water surface has been investigated. The laser used is a KrF excimer laser, which has a wavelength of 248 nm and a pulse duration of 23 ns. It is found that the laser ablation rate of Si varies with the thickness of the water layer above the Si substrates. The laser ablation rate is the most highly enhanced with a water layer of 1.1 mm. It is assumed that the plasma generated in the water confinement regime with an optimal water layer thickness induces the strongest pressure. This high-pressure, high-temperature plasma results in the highest ablation rate. A wide-band microphone is used to detect the audible acoustic wave generated during the laser ablation. The amplitude of the acoustic wave is closely related to the ablation rate. It is found that the first peak-to-peak amplitude of the acoustic wave is the strongest when the water layer thickness is 1.1 mm above the substrate. Fast Fourier transform analysis of the wave forms shows that there are several frequency component.
DRAO deep polarization study at 1.4 GHz

Abstract The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory synthesis telescope (DRAO-ST) was used to produce a deep polarization mosaic at 1.4 GHz to a noise level of 45 microJy beam−1 for both Stokes Q and U at 1′ resolution. The DRAO deep field covers 8.6 sq. degrees in polarization centered on the ELAIS N1 field. We identified over 1700 total intensity (Stokes I) radio sources of which 197 are linearly polarized down to a flux density level of 203 microJy. The fractional polarization of faint polarized sources are flat down to a polarized flux density of about 4 mJy, at which point the numbers increase, until the counts drop for polarized flux densities below 1 mJy. These faint polarized radio sources are mostly AGNs with luminosities below the traditional FRI/FRII boundary. Follow-up observations with the VLA show that the origin of the polarization of the radio sources down to a polarized flux of 1 mJy comes from both the lobes and central region of these objects.
Linear systems with delayed controls: A reduction

Linear systems with delayed control action are transformed into systems without delays. Under an absolute continuity condition, the new system is an ordinary differential control equation. In the general case, the new system is a measure-differential control system. It is shown how the controllability, stabilization, and various optimization problems can be analyzed via the reduced systems.
Novel micro-dots design to resolve Hotspot appeared on ultra-slim LEDs backlight

The LGP (Light guide plate) plays a key role of the backlight in LCD module. It determines the efficiency and uniformity of the whole backlight unit (BLU). With decreasing thickness in panel system and reduced quantity of LEDs, the Hotspot issue becomes more and more serious. We proposed a virtual light field of LEDs embedded inside the LGP for non-sequential ray-tracing. Two semi-analytical formulations are conducted to optimize the micro-dots’ distribution when LGP is with mirrored or corrugated entrance plane. The ultra-slim LGPs fabricated by solid-state laser and diamond-ruling machine show excellent elimination of the Hotspot phenomenon.