Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GABABR1 receptor protein expression in human mesial temporal cortex: Changes in temporal lobe epilepsy

Immunocytochemistry was used to examine γ‐aminobutyric acid beta (GABA)BR1a‐b protein expression in the human hippocampal formation (including dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, subicular complex, and entorhinal cortex) and perirhinal cortex. Overall, GABABR1a‐b immunostaining was intense and widespread but showed differential areal and laminar distributions of labeled cells. GABABR1a‐b–immunoreactive (‐ir) neurons were found in the three main layers of the dentate gyrus, the most intense labeling being present in the polymorphic layer, whereas the granule cells were moderately immunoreactive. Except for slight variations, similar distribution patterns of GABABR1a‐b immunostaining were found along the different subfields of the Ammon's horn (CA1‐CA4). The highest density of GABABR1a‐b‐ir neurons was localized in the stratum pyramidale, where virtually every pyramidal cell was intensely immunoreactive, including the proximal part of the apical dendrites. Within the subicular complex, a more intense GABABR1a‐b immunostaining was found in the subiculum than in the presubiculum or parasubiculum, especially in the pyramidal and polymorphic cell layers. In the entorhinal cortex, distribution of GABABR1a‐b immunoreactivity was localized mainly in both pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells of layers II, III, and VI and in the superficial part of layer V, with layers I, IV, and deep layer V being less intensely stained. In the perirhinal cortex, the most intense GABABR1a‐b immunoreactivity was located in the deep part of layer III and in layer V and was mainly confined to medium‐sized and large pyramidal cells. Thus, the differential expression, but widespread distribution, of GABABR1a‐b protein found in the present study suggests the involvement of GABAB receptors in many circuits of the human hippocampal formation and adjacent cortical structures. Interestingly, the hippocampal formation of epileptic patients (n = 8) with hippocampal sclerosis showed similar intensity of GABABR1a‐b immunostaining in the surviving neurons located within or adjacent to those regions presenting neuronal loss than in the controls. However, surviving neurons in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus displayed a significant reduction in immunostaining in 7 of 8 patients. Therefore, alterations in inhibitory synaptic transmission through GABAB receptors appears to affect differentially certain hippocampal circuits in a population of epileptic patients. This reduction in GABABR1a‐b expression could contribute to the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:166–179, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N-acetylcysteine Protects Mice from Lethal Endotoxemia by Regulating the Redox State of Immune Cells

The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with inflammation leads to oxidative stress, which is involved with the high mortality from several diseases such as endotoxic shock and can be controlled to a certain degree by antioxidants. The immune cells use ROS in order to support their functions and, therefore, need adequate levels of antioxidant defenses in order to avoid the harmful effect of an excessive ROS production. In the present work, the effect of the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the redox state of peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes from mice with lethal endotoxic shock (100 mg/kg i.p. of lipopolysaccharide, LPS), was studied. In both types of immune cells at 0, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after LPS injection, an increase of ROS, of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), the lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde levels, MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and the oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, as well as a decrease of enzymatic antioxidant defenses, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, was observed. The injection of NAC (150 mg/kg i.p. at 30 min after LPS injection) decreased the ROS, the TNFα the MDA levels, iNOS expression and the GSSG/GSH ratio, and increased the antioxidant defenses in both macrophages and lymphocytes. Moreover, the NAC treatment prevented the activation of nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which regulates ROS, inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant levels. Our present results provide evidence that both cell types have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock, and that NAC, by improving the redox state of these immune cells, could increase mouse survival. Thus, antioxidants could offer an alternative treatment of human endotoxic shock.
Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks Across Time and Across Sectors

Recent empirical research by Olivei and Tenreyro (2007) demonstrates that the effect of monetary policy shocks on output and prices depends on the shock's timing: In the United States, a monetary policy shock that takes place in the first half of the year has a larger effect on output than on prices, while the opposite is true in the second half of the year. Olivei and Tenreyro argue that this finding reflects the fact that a greater fraction of wage rates are re-contracted in the second half of the year, implying that wages (and prices) are less flexible in the first half. In this paper, I assess this explanation in light of several additional empirical results. Most importantly, I demonstrate that within-year differences in the responses of output and prices following a monetary policy shock are not more pronounced in the service-producing sector, where labor costs represent a larger fraction of total production costs. I also find that movements in prices following a mo netary shock tend to lead wage changes. These and other empirical results suggest that something other than uneven wage adjustment might be responsible for the differential within-year effect of monetary policy shocks that Olivei and Tenreyro document.
On selection of state variables for delay test of identical functional units

Multiple copies of the same functional units are common in today's design. It allows us to reduce golden reference storage by performing comparison of output response of the identical circuits when identical input sequence is applied to them. We present output response comparison scheme for identical sequential circuits for delay test using static transition probability. This allows us to make selection independent of the input sequence.
An Assessment of Emotional-Force and Cultural Sensitivity The Usage of English Swearwords by L1 German Speakers

An Assessment of Emotional-Force and Cultural Sensitivity The Usage of English Swearwords by L1 German Speakers Sarah Dawn Cooper This study examines the usage of English swearwords by L1 German speakers and poses the following three questions: (1) Which English swearwords do native-speakers of German use? (2) In which situations do German speakers use English swearwords? Why do they use English swearwords instead of their German counterparts? (3) What emotional weight do they apply to swearwords in English (i.e. How taboo are they)? In an effort to understand Germans’ use of swearwords today, potential attributing factors were assessed and evaluated in a 15-question survey comprised of both qualitative and quantitative components that was taken by 403 participants from Germany and Austria. The potential contributing factors to English swearword usage that were assessed were: proficiency level, number of years spent studying English, instructional setting type, English instructor’s origin and native-language, frequency of swearing in German, and media interaction. These variables were applied to other questions that sought information about (1) the German swearwords Germans use most frequently and their personal perception about swearing in English; (2) qualitative and quantitative information regarding the social settings in which English swearwords are encountered; and (3) emotional-force responses by Germans to nine English swearwords. The findings of this study show that the more media German speakers interacts with, the more likely they are to use English swearwords. The study also shows that German speakers interact with a multitude of English-language media that go beyond mainstream social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram. The majority of respondents indicated that film and music were the most influential English-language media sources. Furthermore, the study found that German speakers are more likely to use English swearwords in spoken language than in written language, use English swearwords more often with other German speakers than with English speakers, and find English swearwords useful when referencing pop-culture. The study then hypothesizes why German speakers perceived English swearwords differently than U.S.-American speakers. In sum, implications for the ESL classroom are discussed, urging instructors to reevaluate the way in which taboo language is handled in the ESL classroom in the globalizing world.
A Multistatic Circular Synthethic Aperture Radar for small Object Detection

This paper introduces a ground-based Multistatic Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar (MuCSAR) used to detect small objects on the ground. The received signals have been modelled and the system prototype has been developed. The proposed signal processing is also described. An experimental investigation for Foreign Object Detection application has been analysed.
Therapy‐related peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma patients

This review discusses the most common issues concerning multiple myeloma (MM)‐related peripheral neuropathy (PN). This is an important MM complication, observed in up to 54% of newly diagnosed patients, caused by the disease itself or its treatment. Although its aetiology is largely unknown, a number of mechanisms are suspected. It is important to know the neurological status of a patient, as many new antimyeloma medicines can trigger or exacerbate any pre‐existing neuropathy. Examples include thalidomide‐induced and bortezomib‐induced PN (TiPN and BiTN, respectively), which are key MM treatment options. TiPN is usually sensory and sensorimotor, whereas BiPN is typically sensory. The mechanisms of chemotherapy‐induced neurotoxicity in MM are well known; thalidomide seems to induce PN through its antiangiogenic properties, whereas bortezomib neurotoxicity is connected with disrupted calcium homeostasis. TiPN incidence ranges from 25% to 75%, and its prevalence and severity appears to be dose‐dependent. BiPN incidence is almost 40% and is dose‐related as well. Poor (25%) reversibility of TiPN prompted the recommendations for dose and exposure reduction, whereas BiPN cases are mostly reversible (64%). Peripheral sensory neuropathy is very rare in patients receiving bendamustine monotherapy. Because of this favourable toxicity profile, bendamustine may be considered a promising option for combination therapies in pre‐existing PN in myeloma patients. Considering the lack of curative therapy for treatment‐emergent PN, prevention is a key management strategy in MM patients. All patients should be evaluated for PN before the administration of a neurotoxic drug, and those under treatment should be closely monitored by a neurologist. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antigenomic RNA of human hepatitis delta virus can undergo self-cleavage

The structure and replication of the single-stranded circular RNA genome of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) are unique relative to those of known animal viruses, and yet there are real similarities between HDV and certain infectious RNAs of plants. Therefore, since some of the latter RNAs have been shown to undergo in vitro site-specific cleavage and even ligation, we tested the hypothesis that similar events might also occur for HDV RNA. In partial confirmation of this hypothesis, we found that in vitro the RNA complementary to the HDV genome, the antigenomic RNA, could undergo a self-cleavage that was not only more than 90% efficient but also occurred only at a single location. This cleavage was found to produce junction fragments consistent with a 5'-hydroxyl and a cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate. Since the observed cleavage was both site-specific and occurred only once per genome length, we propose that the site may be relevant to the normal intracellular replication of the HDV genome. Because the site is located almost adjacent to the 3' end of the delta antigen-coding region, the only known functional open reading frame of HDV, we suggest that the cleavage may have a role not only in genome replication but also in RNA processing, helping to produce a functional mRNA for the translation of delta antigen.
A platform for validation of FACTS models

The paper presents a platform system for the incorporation of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices. The platform permits detailed electromagnetic transients simulation as it is of manageable size. It manifests some of the common problems for which FACTS devices are used such as congestion management, stability improvement, and voltage support. The platform can be valuable for the validation of reduced order models such as small signal or transient stability models. The paper presents details on the development and validation of a small signal based model with the inclusion of a Unified Power Flow Controller. The validated model is then used successfully for the design of a feedback controller for improved damping.
High-Efficiency Switch-Linear-Hybrid Envelope-Tracking Power Supply With Step-Wave Approach

Featuring high bandwidth and high efficiency, the switch-linear hybrid envelope tracking (SLH-ET) power supply has been gaining considerable attentions. This paper proposes a new configuration for SLH-ET power supply, which consists of a switching-mode converter with a step-wave approach and a linear amplifier connected in parallel. The switches in the switching-mode converter are operated only one time in every tracking period, leading to reduced switching loss and, thus, a higher efficiency. The number of the voltage levels and the voltage difference between the adjacent steps are analyzed in terms of the voltage synthesis accuracy and voltage total harmonic distortion. A full feedforward of the output voltage scheme is adopted to make the switching-mode converter provide the most load power and the linear amplifier only provide the ripple current that resulted by the switching-mode converter. Thus, the overall efficiency is improved. A prototype is built aiming for 300-kHz sine-wave tracking, with a 10-26-V output voltage and a 50-W peak output power. The experimental results show that the proposed configuration can obtain higher efficiency as well as high tracking bandwidth.
Comparison of ventrodorsal and dorsoventral radiographic projections for hip dysplasia diagnosis

F. Farnir, DVM, Department of Genetics, M. Balligand, DVM, DScV, Department of Small Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, SartTilman-B41, 4000 Liege, Belgium Diego, Academic Press. pp 331-385 DONATO, R. (1991) Perspectives in S-100 protein biology. Cell Calcium 12, 713-726 GREEN, A. J. E. , KEIR, G. &THOMPSON, E. J. (1997) A specific and sensitive ELISA for measuring S100b in cerebrospinal fluid. Journal ofImmunological Methods 205,35-41 HIDAKA, H. , ENDO, T. , KAWAMOTO, S. , YAMADA, E. , UMEKAWA, H. , TANABE, K. &HARA, K. (1983) Purification and characterisation ofadipose tissue S-1OOb protein. Journal ofBiological Chemistry 258,2705-2709 JIMI, T. , WAKAYAMA, Y. , SHIBUYA, S. , NAKATA, H. , TOMARU, T. , TAKAHASHI, Y. , KOSAKA, K. , ASANO, T. & KATO, K. (1992) High levels of ner-
The Risk of Ever-Growing Disaster Relief Expectations

This paper analyzes the risk of the vicious cycle created by expectations of individuals that the federal government will always come to their rescue in the aftermath of a disaster, and more so, that they can always expect at least as much relief as was given to victims of previous catastrophes. As a result, elected officials might feel that they have no alternative than to provide even more relief the next time if they want to benefit politically from their actions… This cycle is happening in the United States. While previous work has been done on the disincentive that relief creates for individuals to purchase proper insurance coverage (Buchanan, 1975; Coate, 1995), here we propose a more systematic political economic analysis of this escalating need for ever more relief and its impact on government revenues. We show that a government will benefit in the long run from simply capping relief payouts. However, this policy will prove more challenging to implement the longer one waits and eventually, it might be impossible politically for any new administration to do it. We show that the dominating strategy to limit government liability is to actually use two policy tools simultaneously: a publicly-known cap on relief payouts combined with the right level of public insurance subsidies.
Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke.

BACKGROUND Most ischaemic strokes are caused by blood clots blocking an artery in the brain. Clot prevention with anticoagulants might improve outcome if bleeding risks were low. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1995, and previously updated in 2004. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of anticoagulant therapy versus control in the early treatment (less than 14 days) of patients with acute ischaemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched 2 October 2007), and two Internet clinical trials registries for relevant ongoing studies (last searched October 2007). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing early anticoagulant therapy (started within two weeks of stroke onset) with control in patients with acute presumed or confirmed ischaemic stroke. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality, and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-four trials involving 23,748 participants were included. The quality of the trials varied considerably. The anticoagulants tested were standard unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, heparinoids, oral anticoagulants, and thrombin inhibitors. Based on 11 trials (22,776 participants) there was no evidence that anticoagulant therapy reduced the odds of death from all causes (odds ratio (OR) 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 1.12) at the end of follow up. Similarly, based on eight trials (22,125 participants), there was no evidence that anticoagulants reduced the odds of being dead or dependent at the end of follow up (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.04). Although anticoagulant therapy was associated with fewer recurrent ischaemic strokes (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.88), it was also associated with an increase in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhages (OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.95 to 3.33). Similarly, anticoagulants reduced the frequency of pulmonary emboli (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.81), but this benefit was offset by an increase in extracranial haemorrhages (OR 2.99; 95% CI 2.24 to 3.99). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Since the last version of the review, neither of the two new relevant studies have provided additional information to change the conclusions. In patients with acute ischaemic stroke, immediate anticoagulant therapy is not associated with net short or long-term benefit. Treatment with anticoagulants reduced recurrent stroke, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, but increased bleeding risk. The data do not support the routine use of any the currently available anticoagulants in acute ischaemic stroke.
Marketing strategies for competitive advantage: structural equation modelling approach on agricultural sector industry in South India

Marketing excellence is the need of the hour in today's competitive scenario. Numerous companies were striving to compete by continuous implementation of effective marketing strategies for sustainable growth. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between differentiation strategy, market penetration strategy and sales service support strategy on Coimbatore-based agricultural sector pump industry in South India. In this research structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was adopted using SPSS and AMOS tools, to analyse various attributes. The author has also examined the mediating effect on focus strategy and result shows, differentiation strategy and a market penetration strategy has significant and positive impact on organisational performance. It was suggested to provide adequate technical training for sales/service persons, constantly inspire for technical expertise and look for new design of service quality to monitor ontime service, would place pump industry for sustainable growth in competitive market.
High frequency broadband arbitrary coded excitation in ultrasound microscopy

We built a 200+ MHz ultrasound microscope that can employ broad band arbitrary coded signals. Our solution is based on quadrature modulation and T/R-switching. We show that the instrument works with linear and non-linear chirp signals (100 - 300 MHz). We imaged a 5 μm tall MEMS step structure with our device and with a commercial pulser, the results were comparable. Cross-talk from the local oscillator in the quadrature modulator affects the pulse compression. This limits the use of codes at the oscillator frequency.
High risk of HIV-related mortality is associated with selenium deficiency.

To determine the independent contribution of specific immunologic and nutritional factors on survival in HIV-1 disease, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral treatment, plasma levels of vitamins A, E, B6, and B12 and minerals selenium and zinc were considered in relation to relative risk for HIV-related mortality. Immune parameters and nutrients known to affect immune function were evaluated at 6-month intervals in 125 HIV-1-seropositive drug-using men and women in Miami, FL, over 3.5 years. A total of 21 of the HIV-1-infected participants died of HIV-related causes during the 3.5-year longitudinal study. Subclinical malnutrition (i.e., overly low levels of prealbumin, relative risk [RR] = 4.01, p < 0.007), deficiency of vitamin A (RR = 3.23, p < 0.03), vitamin B12 deficiency (RR = 8.33, p < 0.009), zinc deficiency (RR = 2.29.1, p < 0.04), and selenium deficiency (RR = 19.9, p < 0.0001) over time, but not zidovudine treatment, were shown to each be associated with HIV-1-related mortality independent of CD4 cell counts <200/mm3 at baseline, and CD4 counts over time. When all factors that could affect survival, including CD4 counts <200/mm3 at baseline, CD4 levels over time, and nutrient deficiencies were considered jointly, only CD4 counts over time (RR = 0.69, p < 0.04) and selenium deficiency (RR = 10.8, p < 0.002) were significantly associated with mortality. These results indicate that selenium deficiency is an independent predictor of survival for those with HIV-1 infection.