Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
α-Actinin-dependent cytoskeletal anchorage is important for ICAM-5-mediated neuritic outgrowth

Intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM-5, telencephalin) is a dendrite-expressed membrane glycoprotein of telencephalic neurons in the mammalian brain. By deletion of the cytoplasmic and membrane-spanning domains of ICAM-5, we observed that the membrane distribution of ICAM-5 was determined by the cytoplasmic portion. Therefore we have characterized the intracellular associations of ICAM-5 by using a bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein encompassing the cytoplasmic part of ICAM-5. One of the main proteins in the neuronal cell line Paju that bound to the ICAM-5 cytodomain was α-actinin. ICAM-5 expressed in transfected Paju cells was found in α-actinin immunoprecipitates, and ICAM-5 colocalized with α-actinin both in Paju cells and in dendritic filopodia and spines of primary hippocampal neurons. We were also able to coprecipitate α-actinin from rat brain homogenate. Binding to α-actinin appeared to be mediated mainly through the N-terminal region of the ICAM-5 cytodomain, as the ICAM-5857-861 cytoplasmic peptide (KKGEY) mediated efficient binding to α-actinin. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that the turnover of the interaction was rapid. In a mutant cell line, Paju-ICAM-5-KK/AA, the distribution was altered, which implies the importance of the lysines in the interaction. Furthermore, we found that the ICAM-5/α-actinin interaction is involved in neuritic outgrowth and the ICAM-5857-861 cytoplasmic peptide induced morphological changes in Paju-ICAM-5 cells. In summary, these results show that the interaction between ICAM-5 and α-actinin is mediated through binding of positively charged amino acids near the transmembrane domain of ICAM-5, and this interaction may play an important role in neuronal differentiation.
Childhood Adversity Accelerates Intended Reproductive Timing in Adolescent Girls without Increasing Interest in Infants

Women experiencing greater childhood adversity exhibit faster reproductive trajectories. One possible psychological mechanism underlying this phenomenon is an increased interest in infants. Interest in infants is thought to be an adaptation important for successful rearing as it motivates the acquisition of caretaking skills. We investigated the relationships between childhood adversity, intended reproductive timing and interest in infants in a sample of English adolescent girls. Specifically we sought to investigate the relationship between 1) childhood adversity and intended reproductive timing; 2) childhood adversity and interest in infants; and 3) intended reproductive timing and interest in infants. Additionally we explored different methods of measuring interest in infants using self-reported fondness for babies, a forced choice adult versus infant paper-based preference task and a novel computer based attention task using adult and infant stimuli. In total 357 girls aged nine to 14 years participated in the study, which took place in schools. Participants completed the two interest in infants tasks before moving on to a childhood adversity questionnaire. Girls with more childhood adversity reported earlier ideal ages at parenthood. We found some evidence that, contrary to our predictions, girls with less childhood adversity were more interested in infants. There was no relationship between intended reproductive timing and interest in infants. The different measurements for interest in infants were only weakly related, if at all, highlighting the complexity of measuring this construct. Our findings suggest that rather than interest in infants being a mechanism for the effect of childhood adversity on early reproductive timing it might instead be an indicator of future reproductive strategies.
The SAGE handbook of qualitative research

QH304.K59 2005. Lindsay, D. (2011). Scientific writing = thinking in words. Victoria Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. The Sage handbook of qualitative research. Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. , Eds. (2013-2017). THE SAGE HANDBOOK OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH, 5th Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. (2005) Poetics for a planet: discourse on some problems of being-in-place. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (eds) The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.
COX-1 and COX-2 in health and disease

Abstract Nearly 30 years ago, cyclooxygenase (COX) was identified as an enzyme that initiates the biotransformation of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. It is now known that COX exists as two distinct but similar isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2. Prostaglandins (PGs) formed by the enzymatic activity of COX-1 are primarily involved in the regulation of homeostatic functions throughout the body, whereas PGs formed by COX-2 primarily mediate pain and inflammation. Based on structural differences in the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2, a new class of drugs has been developed that specifically inhibits COX-2 but not COX-1 activity. By preserving the synthesis of homeostatic PGs, these specific inhibitors of COX-2 provide the clinical benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and minimize the consequences of nonspecific inhibition of PG synthesis.
The role of suppressor cells in avian allogeneic tolerance: implications for the pathogenesis of Marek's disease.

Chicken embryos injected with pooled spleen cells from outbred embryos are tolerant to histocompatability antigens of the donor population. Tolerance can be shown by the failure of peripheral blood cells (PBC) from tolerant birds to produce graft versus host lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane of outbred chicken embryos. It is shown that PBC from tolerant chickens can reduce by up to 85% the GVH reactivity of PBC from normal chickens. These results are interpreted to indicate that the PBC of birds tolerant to allogeneic cells contain active suppressor cells that can reduce the activity of normal cells in their response to allogeneic stimulation. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of Marek's disease—a common herpes virus-induced lymphoid neoplasm of chickens. It is suggested that resistance to neoplasia in this disease occurs because of the establishment of a population of active suppressor cells that prevents a neoplastic lymphoid proliferation.
Handwritten Text Segmentation Using Elastic Shape Analysis

Segmentation of handwritten text into individual characters is an important step in many handwriting recognition tasks. In this paper, we present two segmentation algorithms based on elastic shape analysis of parameterized, planar curves. The shape analysis methodology provides matching, comparison and averaging of handwritten curves in a unified framework, which are very useful tools for designing segmentation algorithms. The first type of segmentation can be performed by splitting a full word into individual characters using a matching function. Another type of segmentation can be obtained by matching parts of the handwritten words to a given individual character. We validate the two proposed algorithms on real handwritten signatures and words coming from the SVC 2004 and the UNIPEN ICROW 2003 datasets. We show that the proposed methods are able to successfully segment text coming from highly variable handwriting styles.
Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos

CONSIDERANDO que e l desconoc imien to y el m e n o s p r e c i o de los d e rechos humanos han originado actos de barbar ie ul t rajantes p a r a la conciencia de la humanidad; y que se ha proc lamado , como la asp i rac ión más e l e vada del hombre , el advenimiento de un mundo en que los s e r e s humanos , l ibe rados del t e m o r y de la m i s e r i a , d isf ruten de la l ibe r tad de pa l ab ra y de la l iber tad de c r e e n c i a s ;
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of criminal behavior among adult male offspring in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort.

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with greater risk for criminal behavior of the offspring in adulthood. METHOD An unselected, general population cohort composed of 11,017 subjects (5,636 men, 5,381 women) was followed up prospectively from the sixth month of pregnancy to age 28 years. Interviews with the mother during the pregnancy, health records, and an assessment of the offspring at age 1 year provided information on risk factors. The Ministry of Justice provided information on criminal offenses for all subjects. RESULTS Because of the low rate of criminal offenses among women, the present analyses are restricted to men (N = 5,636). Compared to the sons of mothers who did not smoke, the sons of mothers who smoked during pregnancy had more than a twofold risk of having committed a violent crime or having repeatedly committed crimes, even when other biopsychosocial risk factors were controlled. While maternal smoking during pregnancy alone explained 4% of the variance associated with violent offenses among male offspring, it was not significantly associated with nonviolent offenses among male offspring. When maternal smoking during pregnancy was combined with a maternal age of less than 20 years, a single-parent family, an unwanted pregnancy, and a developmental lag in walking or talking, the odds ratios for violent offenses increased up to ninefold and for persistent offenses up to 14-fold. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with violent offenses and persistent offenses, but not with nonviolent offenses, among male offspring in adulthood.
ANALISIS REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER BIVARIAT UNTUK MENGETAHUI KEBERHASILAN TERAPI ABA PADA KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI VERBAL DAN HUBUNGAN DENGAN ORANG LAIN ANAK AUTISME

Regresi Logistik Biner adalah analisis regresi logistik dengan variabel respon bersifat dikotomus atau terdiri dari dua ketegori (0 dan 1). Pengembangan model regresi logistik biner dengan satu variabel respon menjadi model dengan dua variabel respon didefinisikan sebagai model regresi logistik biner bivariat . Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik anak autisme yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan terapi ABA pada komunikasi verbal dan hubungan dengan orang lain dengan menggunakan model regresi logistik biner bivariat. Metode untuk menduga parameter pada model regresi logistik biner bivariat adalah Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Data diambil dari penelitian Warastuti (2012) terhadap 28 sampel anak autisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan tujuh variabel karakteristik anak autisme yang diduga mempunyai pengaruh terhadap keberhasilan terapi ABA. Variabel tersebut adalah jenis kelamin anak, usia awal terapi, penghasilan orang tua, faktor diet, faktor obat, faktor keteraturan terapi, faktor peran orang tua. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari ketujuh variabel karakteristik anak autisme, hanya terdapat satu variabel yang berpengaruh secara bersama terhadap keberhasilan terapi ABA pada komunikasi verbal dan hubungan dengan orang lain. Variabel tersebut adalah usia awal terapi. Kata Kunci: Model Regresi Logistik Biner Bivariat, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Terapi ABA, Autisme
Radiologic placement of subcutaneous infusion chest ports for long-term central venous access.

OBJECTIVE The technical success and complications associated with radiologic placement of subcutaneous implantable chest ports for long-term central venous access were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between May 1, 1996, and December 31, 1996, 80 chest ports were placed in 80 consecutive patients using the right internal jugular vein as the preferred access route. All procedures occurred in interventional radiology suites with patients receiving conscious sedation. Both sonography and fluoroscopy were used for venipuncture and to guide port insertion. Follow-up was obtained by the clinical service and by performing chart reviews electronically. RESULTS Technical success was 100%, and follow-up was obtained in all patients. One procedural complication occurred that was unrelated to actual catheter placement. Mean catheter use was 155 days (total, 12,168 days; range, 18-303 days). Confirmed catheter-related infection rate was 3%, or 0.016 per 100 access days; symptomatic catheter-related central venous thrombosis rate was 1%, or 0.008 per 100 access days; and 5% of catheters were removed prematurely. No instances of hematoma formation, catheter tip migration or malposition, symptomatic air embolism, spontaneous catheter fracture, or pneumothorax were found. CONCLUSION With the benefit of both sonographic and fluoroscopic guidance, subcutaneous implantable chest ports can be inserted by radiologists with equal or lower complication rates than those reported in surgical series. Image-guided insertion of chest ports should replace rather than supplement unguided placement.
Factors Associated with Arithmetic-and-Reading Disability and Specific Arithmetic Disability

Factors associated with arithmetic-and-reading disability and specific arithmetic disability were investigated in a large sample of representative New Zealand children. Evidence was sought for Rourke's hypothesis (Rourke & Finlayson, 1978; Rourke & Strang, 1978,1983) that these two types of arithmetic disability show reverse patterns of strengths and weaknesses with regard to verbal and nonverbal skills. This "crossover" effect was clearly evident for boys but noticeably absent for girls. When compared to a nondisabled control group, arithmetic-and-reading disabled boys showed deficits primarily, but not exclusively, on verbal tasks. Girls with arithmetic-and-reading disability were best characterized as showing a general (verbal and nonverbal) deficit. In specific arithmetic disabled boys there was evidence of predominantly nonverbal but also verbal deficits while girls with specific arithmetic disability did not differ from the control group on any of the measures included in this study.
Conflict on interprofessional primary health care teams – can it be resolved?

Increasingly, primary health care teams (PHCTs) depend on the contributions of multiple professionals. However, conflict is inevitable on teams. This article examines PHCTs members' experiences with conflict and responses to conflict. This phenomenological study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 121 participants from 16 PHCTs (10 urban and 6 rural) including a wide range of health care professionals. An iterative analysis process was used to examine the verbatim transcripts. The analysis revealed three main themes: sources of team conflict; barriers to conflict resolution; and strategies for conflict resolution. Sources of team conflict included: role boundary issues; scope of practice; and accountability. Barriers to conflict resolution were: lack of time and workload; people in less powerful positions; lack of recognition or motivation to address conflict; and avoiding confrontation for fear of causing emotional discomfort. Team strategies for conflict resolution included interventions by team leaders and the development of conflict management protocols. Individual strategies included: open and direct communication; a willingness to find solutions; showing respect; and humility. Conflict is inherent in teamwork. However, understanding the potential barriers to conflict resolution can assist PHCTs in developing strategies to resolve conflict in a timely fashion.
Coccolithogenesis In Scyphosphaera apsteinii (Prymnesiophyceae)

Coccolithophores are the most significant producers of marine biogenic calcite, although the intracellular calcification process is poorly understood. In the case of Scyphosphaera apsteinii Lohmann 1902, flat ovoid muroliths and bulky, vase‐shaped lopadoliths with a range of intermediate morphologies may be produced by a single cell. This polymorphic species is within the Zygodiscales, a group that remains understudied with respect to ultrastructure and coccolith ontogeny. We therefore undertook an analysis of cell ultrastructure, morphology, and coccolithogenesis. The cell ultrastructure showed many typical haptophyte features, with calcification following a similar pattern to that described for other heterococcolith bearing species including Emiliania huxleyi. Of particular significance was the reticular body role in governing fine‐scale morphology, specifically the central pore formation of the coccolith. Our observations also highlighted the essential role of the inter‐ and intracrystalline organic matrix in growth and arrangement of the coccolith calcite. S. apsteinii secreted mature coccoliths that attached to the plasma membrane via fibrillar material. Time‐lapse light microscopy demonstrated secretion of lopadoliths occurred base first before being actively repositioned at the cell surface. Significantly, growth irradiance influenced the coccosphere composition with fewer lopadoliths being formed relative to muroliths at higher light intensities. Overall, our observations support dynamic metabolic (i.e., in response to growth irradiance), sensory and cytoskeletal control over the morphology and secretion of polymorphic heterococcoliths. With a basic understanding of calcification established, S. apsteinii could be a valuable model to further study coccolithophore calcification and cell physiological responses to ocean acidification.
Long pattern estimation by conditional random field in data stream

Long sequential pattern mining is of great importance. Many different algorithms have been proposed to get accurate and time-costing result. Under the background of big data, we consider the trade-off between the accuracy demand and fast estimation priority of mining result. Thus in this paper we proposed a method combining Conditional Random Field technique with pattern mining in order to get less accurate but more fast result. CRF has natural property of handling sequence problem. We carefully researched the model of CRF in sequence application and construct our stream model. To reduce the burden of heavy cost of CRF computation, combing with the features of stream mining model, we proposed a pruning method based the item duration. Our study shows that the estimation method can be effectively and fast under big data stream framework.
Diffusion tensor fiber tracking shows distinct corticostriatal circuits in humans

A landmark of corticostriatal connectivity in nonhuman primates is that cortical connections are organized into a set of discrete circuits. Each circuit is assumed to perform distinct behavioral functions. In animals, most connectivity studies are performed using invasive tracing methods, which are nonapplicable in humans. To test the proposal that corticostriatal connections are organized as multiple circuits in humans, we used diffusion tensor imaging axonal tracking, a new magnetic resonance technique that allows demonstration of fiber tracts in a noninvasive manner. Diffusion tensor imaging–based fiber tracking showed that the posterior (sensorimotor), anterior (associative), and ventral (limbic) compartments of the human striatum have specific connections with the cortex, and particularly the frontal lobes. These results provide the first direct demonstration of distinct corticostriatal connections in humans.
Leukocyte-Derived Interleukin 10 Is Required for Protection Against Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice

Background—Atherosclerosis is an immunoinflammatory disease. Here we examined the role of leukocyte-derived interleukin 10 (IL-10) on advanced atherosclerosis development in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr−/−) mice. Methods and Results—Bone marrow cells harvested from C57BL/6 IL-10−/ − and IL-10+/+ mice were transplanted into irradiated male LDLr−/ − mice. Four weeks after transplantation, mice were fed a high-fat cholate-free diet for 14 weeks. Despite no differences in weights, serum total, and HDL-cholesterol levels between the 2 groups, IL-10 deficiency in leukocytes induced a >2-fold increase in lesion development in the thoracic aorta compared with controls. We also found a significant 35% increase in aortic root lesion area of IL-10−/ − mice compared with IL-10+/+ mice. Furthermore, IL-10 deficiency led to a marked increase in lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation associated with a significant reduction in collagen accumulation. Finally, transfer of IL-10−/ − splenocytes to LDLr−/ − mice resulted in a 3-fold increase in lesion size in the aortic sinus compared with mice transplanted with IL-10+/+ splenocytes. Conclusion—IL-10 expressed by leukocytes prevents exaggerated advanced atherosclerosis development and plays a critical role in modulation of cellular and collagen plaque composition, at least in part, through a modulation of the systemic immune response.
Web Based Injury Surveillance System (WBISS) for Road Traffic Injuries

Road traffic injuries are a major, but neglected public health problem in Sri Lanka. As their economic costs are high and emergency trauma care is lacking in the country, the prevention of the road traffic injuries is extremely important. To prevent road traffic injuries, accurate information are mandatory on modes, patterns and trends of crashes and injuries. However, existing surveillance systems in Sri Lanka carry enormous deficiencies in receiving, recording and disseminating information of road traffic crashes and injuries. Hence, we designed a Web based injury surveillance system (WBISS) to overcome these deficiencies and to improve the inter-sector coordination for road traffic injury prevention in Sri Lanka. We adopted to WHO injury surveillance guidelines and used standard injury scales in designing this system. The system utilizes available resources without causing extra burden to government of Sri Lanka. This WBISS collects data on road traffic injuries from hospitals and relevant police stations. Data will be entered online to a Web based data base. WBISS will provide accurate, complete, timely data on patterns and determinants of road traffic injuries and will help to implement timely interventions. This system will also aid the frequent updating of the knowledge on road traffic injuries in the country. WBISS can be used worldwide. Other developing countries can also share the same system.
Opportunities for Cross-Border Entrepreneurship Development in a Cluster Model Exemplified by the Polish-Czech Border Region

The subject of the paper is the analysis and evaluation of cross-border entrepreneurship development opportunities on the basis of cross-border cooperation, which has gradually evolved from consisting of bilateral partnerships to a networking model or even a cluster. The study conducted at the Polish–Czech border area indicates that, in terms of the development of cross-border cooperation, the economic sphere is lagging far behind social activities such as culture, education and tourism. At the same time, Polish and Czech enterprises are not sufficiently mobilized to develop cross-border entrepreneurship, although a number of support instruments in this regard have been proposed. Sustainable development of the border should take into account both social and economic aspects. An important research problem therefore becomes determining the possibility of boosting the development of cross-border entrepreneurship on the basis of the existing forms of cross-border cooperation, including cooperation in the social sphere. The aim of this paper is to define the conditions and opportunities for the development of cluster cooperation in the area of cross-border entrepreneurship. The author has attempted to resolve whether the intensity of cross-border cooperation can be a factor which mobilizes companies to develop their cross-border entrepreneurship and whether cross-border entrepreneurship can be further developed within the cluster model.
Bounded Queries to Arbitrary Sets

We prove that if P A k-T = P A (k +1)-T for some k and an arbitrary set A, then A is reducible to its complement under a relativized nondeterministic conjunctive reduction. By substituting A by different sets, we derive some known facts such as Kadin's theorem [13] and its extension to the class C=P [5, 8].