Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent acceleration of the sea surface fCO2 growth rate in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (1993–2008) revealed by winter observations

Recent studies based on ocean and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) observations, suggesting that the ocean carbon uptake has been reduced, may help explain the increase in the fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions that remain in the atmosphere. Is it a response to climate change or a signal of ocean natural variability or both? Regional process analyses are needed to follow the ocean carbon uptake and to enable better attributions of the observed changes. Here, we describe the evolution of the surface ocean CO2 fugacity (fCO2oc) over the period 1993–2008 in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASPG). This analysis is based primarily on observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) conducted at different seasons in the NASPG between Iceland and Canada. The fCO2oc trends based on DIC and TA data are also compared with direct fCO2 measurements obtained between 2003 and 2007 in the same region. During winters 1993–2003, the fCO2oc growth rate was 3.7 (±0.6) μatm yr−1, higher than in the atmosphere, 1.8 (±0.1) μatm yr−1. This translates to a reduction of the ocean carbon uptake primarily explained by sea surface warming, up to 0.24 (±0.04) °C yr−1. This warming is a consequence of advection of warm water northward from the North Atlantic into the Irminger basin, which occurred as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index moved into a negative phase in winter 1995/1996. In winter 2001–2008, the fCO2oc rise was particularly fast, between 5.8 (±1.1) and 7.2 (±1.3) μatm yr−1 depending on the region, more than twice the atmospheric growth rate of 2.1 (±0.2) μatm yr−1, and in the winter of 2007–2008 the area was supersaturated with CO2. As opposed to the 1990s, this appears to be almost entirely due to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, the combination of increasing DIC and decreasing of TA. The rapid fCO2oc increase was not only driven by regional uptake of anthropogenic CO2 but was also likely controlled by a recent increase in convective processes‐vertical mixing in the NASPG and cannot be directly associated with NAO variability. The fCO2oc increase observed in 2001–2008 leads to a significant drop in pH of −0.069 (±0.007) decade−1.
Synergistic and Long-Lasting Wound Dressings Promote Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus-Infected Wound Healing

Background Multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus infected wounds can lead to nonhealing, systemic infections, and even death. Although advanced dressings are effective in protecting, disinfecting, and maintaining moist microenvironments, they often have limitations such as single functionality, inadequate drug release, poor biosafety, or high rates of drug resistance. Methods Here, a novel wound dressing comprising glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and tryptophan-sorbitol carbon quantum dots (WS-CQDs) was developed, which exhibit synergistic and long-lasting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the characterization, mechanical properties, synergistic antibacterial effects, sustained-release properties, and cytotoxicity of GA/WS-CQDs hydrogels in vitro. Additionally, we performed transcriptome sequence analysis to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism. Furthermore, we evaluated the biosafety, anti-inflammatory effects, and wound healing ability of GA/WS-CQDs dressings using an in vivo mouse model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected wounds. Results The prepared GA/WS-CQDs hydrogels demonstrated superior anti-MRSA effects compared to common antibiotics in vitro. Furthermore, the sustained release of WS-CQDs from GA/WS-CQDs hydrogels lasted for up to 60 h, with a cumulative release of exceeding 90%. The sustained-released WS-CQDs exhibited excellent anti-MRSA effects, with low drug resistance attributed to DNA damage and inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation. Notably, in vivo experiments showed that GA/WS-CQDs dressings reduced the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and significantly promoted the healing of MRSA-infected wounds with almost no systemic toxicity. Importantly, the dressings did not require replacement during the treatment process. Conclusion These findings emphasize the high suitability of GA/WS-CQDs dressings for MRSA-infected wound healing and their potential for clinical translation.
Psychological, physiological, and biochemical correlations after negative emotional videos in college students with and without premenstrual syndrome

Introduction Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) suffer heavily from emotional problems, the pathogenesis of which is believed to be related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, autonomic nervous system (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS). We took into account all 3 aspects to observed the psychological, physiological and biochemical correlations under anger and sadness in college students with and without PMS. Methods 33 students with PMS and 24 healthy students participated in the emotion induction experiment, and were required to fill out self-report scales. Their salivary cortisol (SCort), skin conductivity level (SCL), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected at the resting stage and 10-15 minutes after each video. Results Compared to healthy controls, students with PMS showed lower SCort level and higher VLF at rest, and no statistic difference in activities of ANS and HPA axis after emotional videos, but different results in EEG in all conditions. The decreases in SBP during angry video, SCort after angry and neutral videos, and increases in θ band power during sad video were moderately correlated with increases in PMS score. No intergroup differences were found in self-report emotions. Discussion Students with PMS had lower activity of HPA axis and possibly higher activity of PNS at rest, and different response patterns in CNS in all conditions. Several EEG frequencies, especially θ band, in specific encephalic regions during emotional videos, as well as declined HPA activities in dealing with angry and neutral stressors, in which γ activity in frontal lobe may play a role, showed moderate correlations with more severe PMS.
Blue cod (Parapercis colias) population structure & connectivity in the New Zealand fjords

i Preface . v List of Tables . xii List of Figures.xiv List of Appendices . xvi Chapter 1. General introduction . 1 1.1 Marine ecology in the 21 century . 3 1.1.1 Diminishing resources, increasing demand . 3 1.1.2 Marine management & metapopulations . 4 1.1.3 Source–sink dynamics . 5 1.2 Fiordland . 6 1.2. 1 Natural history & ecology.6 1.2. 2 The Fiordland Marine Management Act (2005). 8 1.3 Blue cod . 10 1.3. 1 Fisheries & management . 10 1.3. 2 Stock structure & movement . 10 1.4 General aims & objectives . 12 1.5 Thesis structure . 12 1.6 Statistical inference.14 Chapter 2. Spatio-temporal variability in the abundance & structure of blue cod populations in Fiordland . 15 2.
Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the context of climate change among newly recruited contract teachers in Morocco

Teaching has been identified as one of a highly stressful jobs. As known, this job is linked to development of neuropsychiatric. However, there is a little background about the assessment of these problems among Moroccan teachers. This study aims to measure the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among 150 newly recruited contractual primary teachers in KHEMISSET city using three international scales. The perceived stress scale (PSS) for stress, the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for anxiety and depression. The results show that 95.9% of the teachers are stressed. In contrast, among these teachers newly recruited 94.9% and 72.4% do not suffer from depression and anxiety, respectively. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the stress, anxiety and depression scores between male and female teachers (p > 0.05). The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among newly recruited contract teachers in Morocco, specifically in the context of climate change, can be influenced by various factors. In conclusion, this study suggest that teachers are more susceptible to stress, depression and anxiety and suitable steps should be taken to enhance the mental health of these teachers, thus guaranteeing good quality education.
Evaluation of CHIRPS in dry and wet spell assessment utilizing copula-based severity–duration–frequency curves

ABSTRACT In situ rainfall data play a significant role in drought assessment studies. However, they are not available with reliable spatiotemporal coverage. With the advancements in satellite rainfall estimates (SREs), monitoring hydrological events in ungauged basins is possible. Additionally, the evaluation of newly released SREs such as CHIRPS, with a long-term record and comparably high resolution (0.05°), in the assessment of extreme hydrological events (dry/wet spells) has scarcely been carried out, which is the most novel motivation of this study. Moreover, evaluation of CHIRPS in developing copula-based multivariate severity–duration–frequency curves based on the severity and duration of the occurred events in 1988–2019 over the Zayandehroud basin (a critical central basin of Iran), is innovatively appraised. An evaluation of CHIRPS in drought assessment shows its acceptable performance, with slight underestimation, in assessing the severity and duration of dry spells. In contrast, an overestimation is identified for wet spells.
Beauty in The Context of Ugliness – The Similarities and Differences of Their Semantic Differentials

This study focuses on the characteristics of the term of Beauty in the context of its opposite – Ugliness. In a natural language these two terms are considered to be counterparts, although several areas of research into aesthetics have suggested that they might actually overlap and may co-exist. The identification of the possible differences and similarities of the terms Beauty and Ugliness may contribute to a better understanding of Beauty. In order to define these terms, the study utilises the method of semantic differential and aims to establish which adjectives best describe the concepts of Beauty and Ugliness, based on an assessment through twenty-one bipolar adjectives grouped into the dimensions: activity, evaluation and potency. The main objective is to discover which adjectives differ in the evaluations of the terms of Beauty and Ugliness, and to what extent they differ. The research involved 1,991 subjects (53.1% of whom were female) in the age range 18 – 89 (M = 41.53 years; SD = 16.48). The term Beauty was most closely linked to adjectives such as pleasant, inviting and inspiring; Ugliness to unpleasant, repulsive and bad. In the analysis of the similarities and differences between the terms Beauty and Ugliness, a paired T-Test identified statistically significant differences in all the bipolar adjective pairs, with the exception of impulsive/judicious. The most significant differences were found in the adjective pairs of pleasant/unpleasant (t = 90.538), inviting/repulsive (t = 62.7640) and good/bad (t = 61.244) from the evaluation dimension. The method of semantic differential as well as the adjective pairs used provided a good degree of discrimination, meaning they have the potential to describe the meaning of the concepts through connotations within future studies that examine the similarities and differences between various expressions, or for the replication of this study in other linguistic or cultural regions.
Research progress of 3D printed poly (ether ether ketone) in the reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects

The clinical challenge of bone defects in the craniomaxillofacial region, which can lead to significant physiological dysfunction and psychological distress, persists due to the complex and unique anatomy of craniomaxillofacial bones. These critical-sized defects require the use of bone grafts or substitutes for effective reconstruction. However, current biomaterials and methods have specific limitations in meeting the clinical demands for structural reinforcement, mechanical support, exceptional biological performance, and aesthetically pleasing reconstruction of the facial structure. These drawbacks have led to a growing need for novel materials and technologies. The growing development of 3D printing can offer significant advantages to address these issues, as demonstrated by the fabrication of patient-specific bioactive constructs with controlled structural design for complex bone defects in medical applications using this technology. Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), among a number of materials used, is gaining recognition as a feasible substitute for a customized structure that closely resembles natural bone. It has proven to be an excellent, conformable, and 3D-printable material with the potential to replace traditional autografts and titanium implants. However, its biological inertness poses certain limitations. Therefore, this review summarizes the distinctive features of craniomaxillofacial bones and current methods for bone reconstruction, and then focuses on the increasingly applied 3D printed PEEK constructs in this field and an update on the advanced modifications for improved mechanical properties, biological performance, and antibacterial capacity. Exploring the potential of 3D printed PEEK is expected to lead to more cost-effective, biocompatible, and personalized treatment of craniomaxillofacial bone defects in clinical applications.
Night Time Detection of Vehicles

ABSTRACT This paper presents results of a study carried out to count and classify vehicles in video sequences of traffic scenes captured from a fixed digital camera under night conditions. The vehicle identification has been carried out using the headlights, which may be the only key feature available to identify vehicles under low light conditions through visible light. Due to lack of features, the vehicle classification was limited to two classes as heavy and light. The development process incorporated a number of pre-processing steps; background subtraction, which was used to extract moving headlights from the static background, followed by grayscalling, thresholding and noise filtering, which were carried out to help with the accurate identification of headlights. The system was build with the assumption that all vehicles switch on their headlights at night-time and all headlights are working properly. The current accuracy of the system for counting vehicles is 89% and that of vehicle classification is 88% for heavy vehicles and 90% for light vehicles. Present accuracy has the potential to improve with further studies.
Inclusion and Social Integration of Students with Educational Challenges: Perspectives of In-Service and Pre-Service Teachers and College Students

The increasing trend to mainstream students with educational challenges (SEC) has obligated mainstream teachers to develop different approaches to deal with heterogeneous classes. Previous research on in-service and pre-service teachers has shown that successful inclusion is correlated with positive attitudes towards inclusion, a high sense of self-efficacy, and minimal stigmatization of SEC. However, it remains unclear whether training programs for in-service and pre-service teachers can impact initial attitudes towards inclusive education. This study examined the different components of attitudes towards inclusion in three groups: in-service teachers, pre-service teachers, and college students enrolled in non-education majors. An online questionnaire was administered by a survey company to 489 participants: in-service teachers who had at least one SEC in their classes (n=196), pre-service teachers (n=143), and college students (n=150). The results showed that pre-service teachers had the most positive attitude towards inclusion of SEC, whereas in-service teachers had the most negative attitude. Attitudes towards inclusion were predicted by stigmatizing attitudes and self-efficacy. Stigmatizing attitudes were predicted by gender, religion, education, and self-efficacy. Thus, the main route to more inclusive and less prejudiced teachers may lie in strengthening teachers' self-efficacy. These results have implications for training programs, which should focus on eliminating myths, strengthening the concept of inclusion throughout the entire program, and enhancing the expertise of in-service teachers.
Sparse Blind Deconvolution of Ground Penetrating Radar Data

We propose an effective method for sparse blind deconvolution (SBD) of ground penetrating radar data. The SBD algorithm has no constraints on the phase of the wavelet, but the initial wavelet must be carefully captured from the data. The data are considered a convolution product of an unknown source wavelet and unknown sparse reflectivity series. The algorithm developed here is an alternating minimization technique that updates the reflectivity series and the wavelet iteratively. The reflectivity update is solved as an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{2}-\ell _{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> problem with the alternating split Bregman iteration technique. The wavelet update is solved as an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{2}-\ell _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> problem with Wiener deconvolution. The algorithm converges to a local minimum. In order to increase the likelihood so that convergence coincides with the desired local minimum, special steps are taken to provide a proper initial wavelet. Synthetic and real data examples show that both subsurface reflectivity series and wavelet (amplitude and phase) can be estimated efficiently. The SBD method presented appears robust and compares favorably to previous studies in its resistance to noise.
Development of One Window Services Model in Accessing Immunotherapies by Cancer Patients in a Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: A Mixed Methods Study

Background: The primary cause of mortality, cancer, is predicted to rise 1.7 times in 2040 compared to 2018. Immunotherapies have transformed cancer treatment for advanced malignancies. Due to inadequate information, there are well-documented hurdles to getting cancer immunotherapies, increasing the disease's burden. This study aims to develop a One-Window Services Model (OWSM) for gaining access to cancer immunotherapies. Methods: This was a sequential explanatory mixed-method study. The quantitative part used interviewer-administered questionnaires including data on knowledge and attitude in conveniently selected 20 cancer patients, and data were analyzed through SPSS. The qualitative part used an open-ended questionnaire for In-depth interviews (IDIs) along with the results of the quantitative part in purposively selected seven tumor panel physicians (TPP) and analyzed by grounded theory. The study was conducted in a specialized tertiary care bone marrow hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Results: The findings of the quantitative part presented that 80% of cancer patients had poor knowledge about processes, and 90% had a positive attitude towards their cancer immunotherapies. The findings of the qualitative part presented additional evidence that explained some unclear issues and expanded the results of quantitative data, which were presented as a broader theme “tools for OWSM” through IDI and followed by development of ten steps of OWSM. Conclusion: The sequential explanatory mixed method was considered appropriate for developing the ten steps of OWSM since it involved knowledge and attitude as integral parts of behavior change of patients based on Andersen’s theoretical framework of health service use and the advice of experts. Moreover, the model will be tested in an experimental effectiveness trial planned in next phase .
Domestic (Local) Consumption in Young Pakistani Consumers – A Shift from Affective Mechanism to Cognitive Mechanism

The research aimed at highlighting the shift in young consumers’ decision making style from affective mechanism to cognitive mechanism and its effects on their domestic consumption. The first goal was to empirically show that a shift in young consumers’ purchase decision making has started to occur in emerging markets, second goal was to link moral foundation theory (MFT) and model of goal directed behavior (MGB) with consumers’ affective and cognitive mechanisms of decision making and third goal was the operationalization of definition of domestic consumption in marketing literature. Research sample size was of 450 respondents. Validated scales were used for data collection. Hypothesized model was tested using Consistent Partial Least Square (PLSc) using Smart PLS and structural equation modeling using AMOS. Consumer ethnocentrism showed a negative significant effect on domestic consumption while consumer xenophobia showed no significant effect on domestic consumer. Moreover, relative product quality came out as the most significant construct influencing domestic consumption in young consumers.
Adaptive Eulerian-Lagrangian method for transport problems in soils

A Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme is used to reformulate the equations of transport with groundwater in saturated soil and moisture transport in unsaturated zones. The governing equation is decomposed into advection along characteristic path lines and propagation of the residue at a fixed frame of reference. This formal decomposition enables the handling of physical phenomena that incorporate discontinuities and/or steep gradient of the state variable without the need for artificial numerical smoothing. Tests against analytical and practical simulations of one- and two-dimensional transport in saturated zones and spatially distributed velocities suggest that the method can handle the entire range of Peclet numbers from 0 to °°, with Courant numbers well in excess of 1. Methode adaptable Eulerienne-Lagrancienne pour les problemes de transfert dans les sols RESUME Un schema Eulerien-Lagrangien est utilise pour reprendre la formulation des equations d'ecoulement de l'eau souterraine dans le sol sature et du transfert de l'humidite dans la zone non saturee. L'equation qui est a la base de tout le phenomene est decomposee entre 1'advection le long de cheminements caracteristiques et la propagation du residu vers une structure fixee de refer­ ence. Cette decomposition formelle permet de traiter des phenomenes physiques qui comportent des discontinuites et/ou des gradients eleves de la variable d'etat sans qu' il soit necessaire de recourir a un lissage numerique artificiel. Des tests pratiques sur les simulations analytiques et pratiques de l'ecoulement dans une ou deux dimensions dans les zones saturees et avec des vitesses distribuees dans l'espace suggerent que la methode peut traiter toute la gamme des nombres de Peclet de 0 a °° avec des chiffres depassant couramment 1.