Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Soft Magnetic Materials for Magnetic Recording Heads and Integrated Inductors

High performance magnetic heads, inductors and transformers, indispensable to information technology encompassing from information storage, portable power delivery, to wireless communication, require soft magnetic films with low coercivities, high permeability, and large ferromagnetic resonance frequencies. The Fe-Co-N-based films have a ferromagnetic resonance frequency of >1 GHz at zerobias field, showing great promise for applications in write heads and integrated inductors in a frequency range of >1 GHz. Magnetization dynamics measurements at sub-nanosecond scale have been performed on Fe-Co-N high saturation soft magnetic films with Permalloy nanolayer seeds having a saturation magnetization of 24 kG. The high frequency behavior appears to be affected by magnetic anisotropy dispersion. One of the biggest challenges facing integration of magnetic material onto silicon is the compatibility of magnetics with standard silicon processing techniques. Integrated inductors were realized using ground planes of Co-Ta-Zr (ρ=100µΩ -cm). The magnetic properties of CoTa-Zr showed no change even after undergoing high temperature processing. Inductors with 1µm Co-Ta-Zr produced inductance values up to 60% higher than the air core inductors at frequencies up to 1.4 GHz.
Contribution of genetics to the study of animal personalities: a review of case studies

Summary The need for evolutionary studies on quantitative traits that integrate genetics is increasing. Studies on consistent individual differences in behavioural traits provide a good opportunity to do controlled experiments on the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation and covariation in complex behavioural traits. In this review we will highlight the contribution of genetic studies in animal personality research. We will start with reviewing the evidence that shows how much variation in animal personality traits is genetic, and connect this to knowledge from human personality studies. We will continue by considering the nature of that variation, its generation and maintenance. Finally we will point to further possibilities for studying the genetics of animal personalities. We will underline the importance of integrating both proximate and ultimate approaches when studying the evolution of animal personalities.
Reactions to Articles Commissioned by the National Commission for the Advancement of Education Leadership Preparation

I have been asked to comment on the timeliness and cogency of these recently commissioned articles. I will address questions such as, What do the articles offer that might help preparatory programs become more relevant? Do the articles adequately address the national crisis that exists concerning the quality as well as the quantity of administrators in or moving through the leadership pipeline? What should be the response of higher education and the article-sponsoring National Commission to these issues? There is no question that the articles and the work of the commission are most timely. Recent front-page stories in newspapers throughout the country indicate that the educational leadership issue has escalated dramatically as a priority public concern. Political and business leaders involved in education reform efforts as well as educators themselves are increasingly cognizant of what many deem to be a national crisis. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly apparent that John Gardner’s “antileadership vaccine” has “infected” schools as districts everywhere confront a disappearing pipeline of prospective administrators at the building and district levels. Although the turnover of big-city superintendents has attracted widespread media attention in populous metropolitan areas throughout the country, there are growing numbers of reports bemoaning the dearth of candidates for administrative positions in all types of school systems. Indeed, the issue recently has become almost frenetic in nature with a host of diverse groups in both the public and private sectors suddenly recognizing its saliency. Strategies to address the crisis and discussions about educational leadership, however, are complicated by multidimensional factors and
Judicious use of antenatal glucocorticoids: putting the risks into the balance

The administration of a course of antenatal glucocorticoids (AG) to improve neonatal outcome after preterm birth is a prime example of evidence-based medicine, but the current clinical application of AG is too broad. AG override the glucocorticoid enzymatic placental barrier in order to elicit fetal lung maturation at a pre-physiological gestational age. Yet the maturation benefit is accompanied by a number of undesirable phenomena, most of which are transient (lasting for at least 24-48 h after the last injection). These include metabolic effects in both mother and fetus and signs of reduced fetal wellbeing. In addition, the fetal growth rate slows down depending on the number of AG courses. Multiple courses may increase the risk of cerebral palsy, as neonatal dexamethasone treatment does. There are no randomised trials on the benefit-risk balance of AG in pregnancies complicated by diabetes or intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Animal studies indicate that AG are associated with an inadequate response to acute hypoxaemia and different brain development. Judicious use of AG includes avoidance of multiple courses, and a case-based approach in pregnancies with (pre)gestational diabetes, IUGR or equivocal fetal condition, until more data become available. In addition, better prediction models of preterm birth are needed.
Challenges, obligations, and pending career interruptions: securing meanings at the exit stage of sport mega-event work

Abstract Work for sport mega-events is shaped by the unique characteristics of the event organizing committee as it is temporary, often bureaucratic, grows rapidly, and provides rich symbolism. This study provides a follow-up to Xing and Chalip's study examining the experience of work at the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (BOCOG), which took place 2 years prior to the Games. Participant observation and interviews with the original study participants were conducted immediately prior to the Games. The themes obtained 2 years earlier had evolved. Three new themes emerged capturing the evolution of the work experience from the event's planning to implementation: the workers faced more challenges; they felt impelled to do a good job throughout; and they were disturbed by the post-Games job uncertainty. Meanwhile, the immediate work environment continued to provide supports. The significance of the work was seen in the values of the Games to the country and a better understanding of Chinese society. Pending job termination caused anxiety. It is suggested that organizational support for post-event career preparation and job search may mitigate the anxiety. Focusing the workers on the materialization of their efforts at the delivery of the event may help them to secure meanings from work and continue to concentrate on their work during the event.
Camless Engine Control for a Robust Unthrottled Operation

Substantial improvements in engine fuel e ciency torque and reduction of emissions are available with cam less actuation capable of continuous control of engine valve lift duration and timing A phenomenological model has been developed for an unthrottled operation that is key to e ciency gain An adaptive nonlinear controller has been designed to coordinate intake valve lift and duration by using high sampling rate intake manifold pressure and ow sensors The driver torque demand is satis ed while pumping losses are minimized Simulation results for a cylinder L engine demonstrate event to event tracking and cylinder to cylinder balancing The controller corrects for variations in e ective ow areas e g valve deposits induction ram e ects and temperature
Now You See It, Now You Don't! A Study of Content Modification Behavior in Facebook

Social media, as a major platform to disseminate information, has changed the way users and communities contribute content. In this paper, we aim to study content modifications on public Facebook pages operated by news media, community groups, and bloggers. We also study the possible reasons behind them, and their effects on user interaction. We conducted a detailed study of Content Censorship (CC) and Content Edit (CE) in Facebook using a detailed longitudinal dataset consisting of 57 public Facebook pages over 3 weeks covering 145,955 posts and 9,379,200 comments. We detected many CC and CE activities between 28% and 56% of these pages (in both Facebook Posts and Comments). Manual judgements on these post/comment removals and edits show that majority of the content censorship is related to negative reports on events and personal grouses, and content edit is mainly performed to improve content quality and correctness. Furthermore, recency effect is also observed as part of Facebook content modification behavior.
A general Purpose Image-Based Electors Smart Card Using an Enhanced Least Significant Bit Steganographic Method for Information Hiding: A case study of the Kenyan Electoral Process.

To legally participate in any political elections in Kenya, one must of necessity be in possession of at least two documents i.e. the electors card and the national identity card. Both of these documents make use of the bea rers face photograph and some textual identification information. The unprecedented growth in digital imaging and processing technologies have meant that, with little or no knowledge of the technology involved one is conveniently able to tamper with photographs and identity information on such documents resulting in cases of fraud e.g double registration and voting which have consistently marred our electoral process. In this paper we propose the use of a general purpose smart card based identification doc ument during elections. The textual identification information of the card bearer and his or her biometric data are embedded in his or her face photograph using an enhanced, randomized least significant bitsteganographic method. An experimental designwassetup to determine the effectiveness of the method by comparing the original and the reconstructed imagesstatistical characteristics to ensure that no notable differences exist. The experimental results show improved security of the biometric data an d personal identification details.
Effects of Curricular Differences on Achievement Test Data at Item and Objective Levels.

The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of different curricula on standardized achievement test scores at item and objective levels and to determine if different curricula generate different patterns of item factor loadings. School buildings from a middle-sized district were rated regarding the degree to which their curricula matched the content of the standardized test, and the actual textbook series used within each building (classroom) was determined. Covariate analyses of objective scores and plots and correlations of item p values indicated very small, nonsignificant differential effects across ratings and textbook series. Factor patterns indicated no curricular effects on large first factors. These findings parallel the results of a previous study conducted at the subtest level. We conclude that educators need not be unduly concerned about the impact of specific and generally small differences in curricular offerings within a district on standardized test scores or inferences to a br.
Drug discrimination in human postaddicts: agonist-antagonist opioids.

To assess the stimulus properties of opioid mixed agonist-antagonist drugs in humans, postaddict volunteers were trained in a three-choice drug discrimination procedure to discriminate among the effects of i.m. given saline (4 ml), hydromorphone (3 mg/70 kg) and pentazocine (45 mg/70 kg). Subjects earned monetary reinforcement by correctly identifying the training drugs by letter code. Other subjective, behavioral and physiological measures were also collected. After training, subjects were tested for their ability to discriminate between the three drugs; generalization curves for the training drugs and three mixed agonist-antagonist test drugs (butorphanol, nalbuphine and buprenorphine) were then determined. In generalization testing both hydromorphone and pentazocine produced dose-related increases in drug-appropriate responses and in characteristic subjective effects measures. Butorphanol produced dose-related increases in identifications as pentazocine and in those subjective effect measures increased by pentazocine. Nalbuphine was not consistently identified as either pentazocine or hydromorphone and produced relatively flat dose-response functions on most of the subjective effect measures. At the three highest doses tested buprenorphine was identified in 50% of trials as hydromorphone and in 50% of trials as pentazocine in the discrimination measures and increased subjective effect scales which were characteristic of both hydromorphone and pentazocine. The results are most consistent with butorphanol having the stimulus properties of a kappa agonist and both nalbuphine and buprenorphine having the stimulus properties of partial mu agonists although the profiles of observed drug effects were complicated and not entirely consistent with a simple mu/kappa opioid receptor model.
Critical Elements of Classroom and Small–Group Instruction Promote Reading Success in All Children

The components of effective reading instruction are the same whether the focus is prevention or intervention: phonemic awareness and phonemic decoding skills, fluency in word recognition and text processing, construction of meaning, vocabulary, spelling, and writing. Findings from evidence–based research show dramatic reductions in the incidence of reading failure when explicit instruction in these components is provided by the classroom teacher. To address the needs of children most at risk of reading failure, the same instructional components are relevant but they need to be made more explicit and comprehensive, more intensive, and more supportive in small–group or one–on–one formats. The argument is made that by coordinating research evidence from effective classroom reading instruction with effective small–group and one–on–one reading instruction we can meet the literacy needs of all children.
An overview of automatic event detection in soccer matches

Sports video analysis has received special attention from researchers due to its high popularity and general interest on semantic analysis. Hence, soccer videos represent an interesting field for research allowing many types of applications: indexing, summarization, players' behavior recognition and so forth. Many approaches have been applied for field extraction and recognition, arc and goalmouth detection, ball and players tracking, and high level techniques such as team tactics detection and soccer models definition. In this paper, we provide an hierarchy and we classify approaches into this hierarchy based on their analysis level, i.e., low, middle, and high levels. An overview of soccer event identification is presented and we discuss general issues related to it in order to provide relevant information about what has been done on soccer video processing.
Developing and Evaluating Cultural Immersion Components In Teacher Education

Many sensitive, socially-minded preservice teachers who have grown up in an era of cultural pluralism vigorously seek professional training that will enable them to teach in ways more reflective of the heterogeneous values and aspirations of ethnic groups. An increasing number of schools of education thus are sponsoring options for multicultural teacher preparation, often in the form of student placements in diverse social and cultural settings. Annual evaluations~ of cultural immersion student teaching projects held during the past six years in Indiana and elsewhere indicate that they have proven beneficial to all involved. Outcomes seem to encourage replications, individually or by consortium, of comprehensive, cultural immersion type field projects.
WINNER Spectrum Sharing with Fixed Satellite Services

The IST 6 framework WINNER project defines spectrum sharing techniques for future wireless communication systems. This paper addresses spectrum sharing capabilities between different radio technologies. More particularly, spectrum sharing between WINNER system and the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) community is at stake. The goal is to efficiently share the spectrum without causing harmful interference towards the primary system (i.e., FSS). A power assignment mechanism for the coexistence is proposed where different power levels are assigned in the cellular network in the areas surrounding the FSS system. Simulation results for the coexistence between both systems is carried out where the spectrum used by the WINNER system is punctured for the transmission of the primary FSS system. Finally, the results show that spectrum utilization is significantly improved.
Theta oscillations in somata and dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal cells in vivo: Activity‐dependent phase‐precession of action potentials

Theta frequency field oscillation reflects synchronized synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the ≈100–200 ms range. The cellular‐synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in urethane‐anesthetized rats. The recorded neurons were verified by intracellular injection of biocytin. Transition from non‐theta to theta state was characterized by a large decrease in the input resistance of the neuron (39% in the soma), tonic somatic hyperpolarization and dendritic depolarization. The probability of pyramidal cell discharge, as measured in single cells and from a population of extracellularly recorded units, was highest at or slightly after the negative peak of the field theta recorded from the pyramidal layer. In contrast, cyclic depolarizations in dendrites corresponded to the positive phase of the pyramidal layer field theta (i.e. the hyperpolarizing phase of somatic theta). Current‐induced depolarization of the dendrite triggered large amplitude slow spikes (putative Ca2+ spikes) which were phase‐locked to the positive phase of field theta. In the absence of background theta, strong dendritic depolarization by current injection led to large amplitude, self‐sustained oscillation in the theta frequency range. Depolarization of the neuron resulted in a voltage‐dependent phase precession of the action potentials. The voltage‐dependent phase‐precession was replicated by a two‐compartment conductance model. Using an active (bursting) dendritic compartment spike phase advancement of action potentials, relative to the somatic theta rhythm, occurred up to 360 degrees. These data indicate that distal dendritic depolarization of the pyramidal cell by the entorhinal input during theta overlaps in time with somatic hyperpolarization. As a result, most pyramidal cells are either silent or discharge with single spikes on the negative portion of local field theta (i.e., when the somatic region is least polarized). However, strong dendritic excitation may overcome perisomatic inhibition and the large depolarizing theta rhythm in the dendrites may induce spike bursts at an earlier phase of the extracellular theta cycle. The magnitude of dendritic depolarization is reflected by the timing of action potentials within the theta cycle. We hypothesize that the competition between the out‐of‐phase theta oscillation in the soma and dendrite is responsible for the advancement of spike discharges observed in the behaving animal. Hippocampus 1998;8:244–261. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pollution Abatement Costs and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to U.S. States

This paper estimates the effect of changing environmental standards on patterns of international investment. The analysis advances the existing literature in three ways. First, we avoid comparing different countries by examining foreign direct investment in the United States and differences in pollution abatement costs among U.S. states. Data on environmental costs in U.S. states are more comparable than those for different countries, and U.S. states are more similar in other difficult-to-measure dimensions. Second, we allow for differences in states' industrial compositions, an acknowledged problem for earlier studies. Third, we employ an 18-year panel of relative abatement costs, allowing us to control for unobserved state characteristics. We find robust evidence that abatement costs have had moderate deterrent effects on foreign investment.
Structure-Function Studies of the BTB / POZ Transcriptional Repression Domain from the Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Oncoprotein 1

The evolutionarily conserved BTB/POZ domain from the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) oncoprotein mediates transcriptional repression through the recruitment of corepressor proteins containing histone deacetylases in acute promyelocytic leukemia. We have determined the 2.0 Å crystal structure of the BTB/POZ domain from PLZF (PLZF-BTB/POZ), and have carried out biochemical analysis of PLZFBTB/POZ harboring site-directed mutations to probe structure-function relationships. The structure reveals a novela/b homodimeric fold in which dimer interactions occur along two surfaces of the protein subunits. The conservation of BTB/POZ domain residues at the core of the protomers and at the dimer interface implies an analogous fold and dimerization mode for BTB/POZ domains from otherwise functionally unrelated proteins. Unexpectedly, the BTB/POZ domain forms dimer-dimer interactions in the crystals, suggesting a mode for higher-order protein oligomerization for BTB/POZ-mediated transcriptional repression. Biochemical characterization of PLZF-BTB/POZ harboring mutations in conserved residues involved in protein dimerization reveals that the integrity of the dimer interface is exquisitely sensitive to mutation and that dimer formation is required for wild-type levels of transcriptional repression. Interestingly, similar mutational analysis of residues within a pronounced protein cleft along the dimer interface, which had been implicated previously for interaction with corepressors, has negligible effects on dimerization or transcriptional repression. Together, these studies form a structure-function framework for understanding BTB/POZ-mediated oligomerization and transcriptional repression properties.
Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting and Management for Wireless Sensor Networks

Radio Frequency (RF) Energy Harvesting holds a promising future for generating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronics devices. Reducing power consumption has become a major challenge in wireless sensor networks. As a vital factor affecting system cost and lifetime, energy consumption in wireless sensor networks is an emerging and active research area. This chapter presents a practical approach for RF Energy harvesting and management of the harvested and available energy for wireless sensor networks using the Improved Energy Efficient Ant Based Routing Algorithm (IEEABR) as our proposed algorithm. The chapter looks at measurement of the RF power density, calculation of the received power, storage of the harvested power, and management of the power in wireless sensor networks. The routing uses IEEABR technique for energy management. Practical and real-time implementations of the RF Energy using Powercast harvesters and simulations using the energy model of our Libelium Waspmote to verify the approach were performed. The chapter concludes with performance analysis of the harvested energy, comparison of IEEABR and other traditional energy management techniques, while also looking at open research areas of energy harvesting and management for wireless sensor networks.