Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desafíos conceptuales para la Política de Protección Social frente a la pobreza en Colombia

Ten years after the "war against poverty," the persistence of poverty and vulnerability in the face of financial and environmental crises, as well as the growing inequality of income and resource access, represent the challenges inherited from the 2000-2010 decade in terms of social protection. These challenges are even more significant when one considers that the concept of 'social risk management,' around which the model of social protection on a global scale was articulated over the past decade, was initiated alongside the promise of transforming risk into a socio-political issue, or, in other words, a topic of planning, prevention, and management and no longer a factor related to uncertainty characteristic of an uncertain and interconnected world. The continuing social effects of similar crises at the end of the 1990s represent a call to reexamine the risk management focus of social protection. This article discusses the legacy of Holzmann and Jorgensen's seminal paper from 1999 on 'social riskmanagement' in the face of newer ideas on social protection emphasizing the centrality of assets and rights. It presents three conceptual challenges: considering how to transform the structure and causes of poverty and exclusion; the failure of conditional cash transfer approaches to sustainably reduce poverty; and the lack of a national policy to guarantee families secure and protected lives. The paper necessarily addresses the concepts of capabilities and of extending the freedom related to "freedom for" (achieve freedom/be free). It also explores the need to develop the concept of "freedom from" (critical events) that implies a deepening of insecurity.
How Producer Biases Can Favor the Evolution of Communication: An Analysis of Evolutionary Dynamics

Like any other biological trait, communication can be studied from at least four perspectives: mechanistic, ontogenetic, functional, and phylogenetic. In this article, we focus on the following phylogenetic question: how can communication emerge, given that both signal-producing and signal-responding abilities seem to be adaptively neutral until the complementary ability is present in the population? We explore the problem of co-evolution of speakers and hearers with artificial life simulations: a population of artificial neural networks evolving a food call system. The core of the article is devoted to a careful analysis of the complex evolutionary dynamics demonstrated by our simple simulation. Our analyses reveal an important factor, which might solve the phylogenetic problem: the spontaneous production of good (meaningful) signals by speakers because of the need for organisms to categorize their experience in adaptively relevant ways. We discuss our results with respect both to previous simulative work and to the biological literature on the evolution of communication.
Changes in the carboxyl-terminal repeat region affect extracellular activity and glucan products of Streptococcus gordonii glucosyltransferase

Glucans produced by the glucosyltransferase (GTF) of Streptococcus gordonii confer a hard, cohesive phenotype (Spp+) on colonies grown on sucrose agar plates. S. gordonii strains with specific mutations in the region of gtfG that encodes the GTF carboxyl terminus were characterized. In the parental strain Challis CH1, this region included a series of six direct repeats thought to function in glucan binding. The spontaneous mutant strain CH107 had a 585-bp deletion resulting in the loss of three internal direct repeats. Insertional mutagenesis was used to construct strain CH2RPE, which had the parental repeat region but was missing 14 carboxyl-terminal amino acids. The similarly constructed strain CH4RPE had an in-frame addition of 390 nucleotides encoding two additional direct repeats. Although strains CH1, CH2RPE, and CH4RPE all had similar levels of extracellular GTF activity, strain CH107 had less than 15% of the parental activity; however, Western blots (immunoblots) indicated that the amounts of extracellular GTF protein in all four strains were similar. 13C NMR analyses indicated that partially purified GTFs from the Spp+ strains CH1, CH2RPE, and CH4RPE all produced glucans with similar ratios of alpha1,6 and alpha1,3 glucosidic linkages, whereas the Spp- strain CH107 GTF produced primarily alpha1,6-linked glucans. Transformation of strain CH107 with pAMS57, which carries the gtfG positive regulatory determinant, rgg, increased the amount of GTF activity and GTF antibody-reactive protein ca. fivefold but did not confer a hard colony phenotype on sucrose agar plates, suggesting that the type of glucan product affects the sucrose-promoted colony phenotype.
p62 and NDP52 Proteins Target Intracytosolic Shigella and Listeria to Different Autophagy Pathways

Autophagy is an important mechanism of innate immune defense. We have recently shown that autophagy components are recruited with septins, a new and increasingly characterized cytoskeleton component, to intracytosolic Shigella that have started to polymerize actin. On the other hand, intracytosolic Listeria avoids autophagy recognition by expressing ActA, a bacterial effector required for actin polymerization. Here, we exploit Shigella and Listeria as intracytosolic tools to characterize different pathways of selective autophagy. We show that the ubiquitin-binding adaptor proteins p62 and NDP52 target Shigella to an autophagy pathway dependent upon septin and actin. In contrast, p62 or NDP52 targets the Listeria ActA mutant to an autophagy pathway independent of septin or actin. TNF-α, a host cytokine produced upon bacterial infection, stimulates p62-mediated autophagic activity and restricts the survival of Shigella and the Listeria ActA mutant. These data provide a new molecular framework to understand the emerging complexity of autophagy and its ability to achieve specific clearance of intracytosolic bacteria.
Reflections on Intergenerational Policy in Europe: The Past Twenty Years and Looking into the Future

This article will start from a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-sponsored meeting on intergenerational programs in Dortmund, Germany, in 1999, as this was an awareness-raising moment for intergenerational programs in Europe. The connection between lifelong learning and intergenerational learning as one reason for the increased interest for intergenerational programs in the creation of European policy are discussed and connected to demography, health, aging, and well-being in policy. Therefore recent actions and reports from a European perspective are analyzed in order to reflect over the social and cultural factors that can have an impact and influence the intergenerational field in Europe in the future.
Total Colorings of Planar Graphs with Small Maximum Degree

Let G be a planar graph of maximum degree ∆ and girth g, and there is an integer t(> g) such that G has no cycles of length from g+1 to t. Then the total chromatic number of G is ∆+1 if (∆,g, t) ∈ {(5,4,6),(4,4,17)}; or ∆ = 3 and (g, t) ∈ {(5,13),(6,11),(7,11), (8,10),(9,10)}, where each vertex is incident with at most one g-cycle. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C15
Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy, ed 10.

The latest edition of this well-known textbook of anatomy upholds the high standards of previous editions in fulfilling the stated objective as a "book of reference. " The completely revised format is commendable. New blocks were made of all old illustrations and 217 new figures were added. The reproduction of the illustrations does justice to their excellence. International Anatomical Nomenclature (Paris, 1955 and New York, 1960) has replaced the Birmingham Terminology used in the ninth edition. A selected bibliography is included. The chapter on the cellular elements, gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and radiographic anatomy of the central nervous system was revised by G. Romanes (130 pages). The anatomy of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system, and all sensory organs were described by A. Durward (150 pages). The new illustrations include photomontages of stained horizontal and coronal sections, against the background of the gross brain. The chapters on the
Designing Fast and Accurate Fuzzy Approximators with Kohonen Networks and Genetic Algorithms

This paper presents the design of an accurate fuzzy dependency approximator that uses fuzzy inputs, fuzzy targets and fuzzy weights. The proposed design can cope with arbitrarily discrete membership functions. It is a combination between a Kohonen network used for clustering the fuzzy data and a set of low degree rational fuzzy approximators. The self-organizing system works in fuzzy arithmetic and uses a specific training strategy that combines fuzzy and defuzzified data streams. A genetic algorithm trains the rational fuzzy approximators by using the local fuzzy data cluster. The performance of the piecewise rational fuzzy approximator is experimentally evaluated and compared with other types of techniques for approximating fuzzy dependencies with regard to the achieved accuracy and the required computing time.
Expression of high-affinity glucose transport protein Hxt2p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is both repressed and induced by glucose and appears to be regulated posttranslationally

Expression of putative high-affinity glucose transport protein Hxt2p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was repressed 15- to 20-fold in high concentrations of glucose or fructose. S. cerevisiae with either the ssn6-delta 9 or the hxk2-delta 1::URA3 mutation, each of which relieves glucose repression, exhibited high Hxt2p expression in both 2.0% glucose (normally repressing) and 0.05% glucose (normally derepressing) while S. cerevisiae with the snf1-delta 10 mutation, which causes constitutive repression, did not detectably express Hxt2p in either glucose concentration. In addition to repressing at high concentrations, glucose or fructose is required for induction of Hxt2p expression. Hxt2p was not expressed by wild-type S. cerevisiae in media containing only ethanol or galactose as carbon and energy source but was expressed if glucose was added. An hxk2-delta 1::URA3 mutant did not detectably express Hxt2p in ethanol or galactose, but an ssn6-delta9 mutant did highly express Hxt2p in both carbon sources. Thus, simple relief of glucose repression as occurs with hxk2 null mutants is insufficient for high-level Hxt2p expression. Mutation of ssn6, a general transcriptional repressor, does lead to Hxt2p expression in the absence of glucose induction, suggesting relief of an additional negative regulatory system. High expression of Hxt2p does not always result in HXT2-dependent high-affinity transport, implying that Hxt2p activity is regulated posttranslationally. In the high glucose condition for the ssn6 mutant, high-affinity glucose transport is derepressed. Deletion of the HXT2 locus does not diminish this level of transport. However, high-affinity glucose transport is diminished in the ssn6-delta9 hxt2 delta1 double mutant compared with ssn6-delta9 alone in low glucose. Thus, while constitutively expressed in ssn6 mutants, Hxt2p only appears to be active as a transporter under low-glucose conditions. Similarly, Hxt2p was found to be expressed under low-glucose conditions in an snf3 mutant which does not display high-affinity uptake. This finding suggests that SNF3 may be involved in the posttranslational regulation of Hxt2p.
The Effects of Probe Similarity on Retrieval and Comparison Processes in Associative Recognition

In this study, we investigated the information processing stages underlying associative recognition. We recorded EEG data while participants performed a task that involved deciding whether a probe word triple matched any previously studied triple. We varied the similarity between probes and studied triples. According to a model of associative recognition developed in the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational cognitive architecture, probe similarity affects the duration of the retrieval stage: Retrieval is fastest when the probe is similar to a studied triple. This effect may be obscured, however, by the duration of the comparison stage, which is fastest when the probe is not similar to the retrieved triple. Owing to the opposing effects of probe similarity on retrieval and comparison, overall RTs provide little information about each stage's duration. As such, we evaluated the model using a novel approach that decomposes the EEG signal into a sequence of latent states and provides information about the durations of the underlying information processing stages. The approach uses a hidden semi-Markov model to identify brief sinusoidal peaks (called bumps) that mark the onsets of distinct cognitive stages. The analysis confirmed that probe type has opposite effects on retrieval and comparison stages.
A sub-VT 2T gain-cell memory for biomedical applications

Biomedical systems often require several kb of embedded memory and are typically operated in the subthreshold (sub-VT) domain for good energy-efficiency. Embedded memories and their leakage current can easily dominate the overall silicon area and the total power consumption, respectively. Gain-cell based embedded DRAM arrays provide a high-density, low-leakage alternative to SRAM for such systems; however, they are typically designed for operation at nominal or only slightly scaled supply voltages. For the first time, this paper presents a gain-cell array which is fully functional in the sub-VT regime and achieves a data retention time that is more than 104 times higher than the access time. Monte Carlos simulations show that the 2 kb gain-cell array, implemented in a mature 0. 18μm CMOS node and supplied with a sub-VT voltage of 400mV, exhibits robust write and read operations at 500 kHz under parametric variations and has over 99% availibilty for read and write access.
Ventilator-associated events surveillance: a patient safety opportunity

Purpose of reviewThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently released new surveillance definitions for ventilator-associated events. The new definitions broaden the focus of surveillance from ventilator-associated pneumonia alone to all significant complications of mechanical ventilation. This review will consider the rationale for the new definitions, the studies supporting their development, and their potential benefits for hospital safety programs. Recent findingsObjective, automatable surveillance definitions for ventilator-associated events predicated upon sustained deteriorations in ventilator settings after a period of stable or improving settings consistently predict prolonged mechanical ventilation and higher hospital mortality risk. Qualitative analyses suggest that most events are attributable to pneumonia, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. One retrospective analysis suggests that improved care can decrease event rates. SummaryVentilator-associated event surveillance is a promising strategy to improve care for ventilated patients by providing hospitals with a broader picture of their true burden of morbid complications and an objective metric to measure the impact of care improvement initiatives. Prospective studies are now needed to define the best strategies to prevent ventilator-associated events and to quantify the extent to which they are preventable.
Demographic consequences of greater clonal than sexual reproduction in Dicentra canadensis

Abstract Clonality is a widespread life history trait in flowering plants that may be essential for population persistence, especially in environments where sexual reproduction is unpredictable. Frequent clonal reproduction, however, could hinder sexual reproduction by spatially aggregating ramets that compete with seedlings and reduce inter‐genet pollination. Nevertheless, the role of clonality in relation to variable sexual reproduction in population dynamics is often overlooked. We combined population matrix models and pollination experiments to compare the demographic contributions of clonal and sexual reproduction in three Dicentra canadensis populations, one in a well‐forested landscape and two in isolated forest remnants. We constructed stage‐based transition matrices from 3 years of census data to evaluate annual population growth rates, λ. We used loop analysis to evaluate the relative contribution of different reproductive pathways to λ. Despite strong temporal and spatial variation in seed set, populations generally showed stable growth rates. Although we detected some pollen limitation of seed set, manipulative pollination treatments did not affect population growth rates. Clonal reproduction contributed significantly more than sexual reproduction to population growth in the forest remnants. Only at the well‐forested site did sexual reproduction contribute as much as clonal reproduction to population growth. Flowering plants were more likely to transition to a smaller size class with reduced reproductive potential in the following year than similarly sized nonflowering plants, suggesting energy trade‐offs between sexual and clonal reproduction at the individual level. Seed production had negligible effects on growth and tuber production of individual plants. Our results demonstrate that clonal reproduction is vital for population persistence in a system where sexual reproduction is unpredictable. The bias toward clonality may be driven by low fitness returns for resource investment in sexual reproduction at the individual level. However, chronic failure in sexual reproduction may exacerbate the imbalance between sexual and clonal reproduction and eventually lead to irreversible loss of sex in the population.
Incidences, Predictors, and Clinical Outcomes of Acute and Late Stent Malapposition Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

Background—We investigated the incidences, predictors, and clinical outcomes of acute and late stent malapposition detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after drug-eluting stent implantation. Methods and Results—We analyzed the OCT images from 351 patients with 356 lesions who received poststent and follow-up OCT examinations. Acute stent malapposition was observed in 62% of lesions. Approximately half of the acute stent malappositions were located within the edges of the stents. Severe diameter stenosis, calcified lesions, and long stents were independent predictors of acute stent malapposition. Follow-up OCT examinations were performed 175±60 days after drug-eluting stent implantation. Thirty-one percent of lesions with acute stent malapposition remained malapposed (late-persistent stent malapposition) and were typically (72%) located within the edges of the stent. The location within the stent edges and the volume of acute stent malapposition were independent predictors of late-persistent stent malapposition. Acute stent malapposition with a volume >2.56 mm3 differentiated late-persistent stent malapposition from resolved acute stent malapposition. Late-acquired stent malapposition was detected in 15% of all lesions and was usually (61%) located within the stent body. Late-acquired stent malapposition was more frequently associated with plaque/thrombus prolapse on poststent OCT images (70% versus 42%; P<0.001). Clinical events, including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis, did not occur in patients with late stent malapposition during the follow-up period of 28.6±10.3 months after drug-eluting stent implantation. Conclusions—Acute, late-persistent, and late-acquired stent malapposition had relatively high incidences but different predictors. The clinical outcome of stent malapposition was favorable.
WORK‐FAMILY ROLE SYNTHESIS: INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL DETERMINANTS

In light of the dramatic social transformations occurring in the nature of family and worker demands, nearly all employees today need to make decisions on how to manage work and family roles. Drawing on role theory, we provide a summary framework for understanding individual, family, and organizational influences on the self‐management of work and family roles. Work‐family role synthesis is defined as the strategies an individual uses to manage the enactment of work and caregiving roles. It involves decision‐making choices governing boundary management and role embracement of multiple roles. We present hypotheses and a research agenda for examining antecedents and consequences of employee strategies for managing work and family roles.
Family Stress and Adjustment as Perceived by Parents of Children with Autism or Down Syndrome: Implications for Intervention

This study examined stress and adjustment in parents of three groups of families: those with an autistic child, those with a Down syndrome child, and those with only developmentally normal children. A total of 54 families participated, with 18 representing each group. Parents of autistic children generally reported more family stress and adjustment problems than parents of children with Down Syndrome who, in turn, reported more stress and adjustment problems than parents of developmentally normal children. Although parents of disabled children reported more stress associated with caring for their child, they generally showed resilience in adjusting to the presence of a severely disabled family member. Implications for family intervention are discussed.
Distributed Overlay Anycast Tables Using Space Filling Curves

In this paper we present the Distributed Overlay Anycast Table, a structured overlay that implements application-layer anycast, allowing the discovery of the closest host that is a member of a given group. One application is in locality-aware peer-to-peer networks, where peers need to discover low-latency peers participating in the distribution of a particular file or stream. The DOAT makes use of network delay coordinates and a space filling curve to achieve locality-aware routing across the overlay, and Bloom filters to aggregate group identifiers. The solution is designed to optimise both accuracy and query time, which are essential for real-time applications. We simulated DOAT using both random and realistic node distributions. The results show that accuracy is high and query time is low.
Assignment1 of TACSTD1 (alias TROP1, M4S1) to human chromosome 2p21 and refinement of mapping of TACSTD2 (alias TROP2, M1S1) to human chromosome 1p32 by in situ hybridization

TACSTD1 (alias TROP1, M4S1; OMIM 600718) and TACSTD2 (alias TROP2, M1S1; OMIM 137290) encode cellsurface glycoproteins expressed in epithelial cells. Trops are calcium signal transducers (Ripani et al., 1998), are overexpressed by human carcinomas and play a role in the control of tumor cell growth (manuscript in preparation). TACSTD2 (originally called M1S1; Fornaro et al., 1995) is responsible for the gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (OMIM 204870) (Tsujikava et al., 1999). Although placed within a YAC/BAC/ cosmid contig on 1p (Tsujikava et al., 1999), its chromosome location still is undecided at 1p32→p31 or 1p13→q12 (Linnenbach et al., 1993; UniGene Hs.23582). By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) we assign TACSTD2 to 1p32. The growth-suppressing properties of TACSTD2 and the frequent deletion of 1p32 in human tumors (White et al., 1999) suggest that this gene is a candidate to be a novel oncosuppressor. TACSTD1 (formerly called M4S1) shares a 49%-similar cDNA sequence with TACSTD2. TACSTD1 was localized to 4q by human/rodent somatic cell hybrid analyses (Linnenbach et al., 1993) (UniGene Hs.692). We reassign TACSTD1 to human chromosome 2p21, a region which contains the MSH2 and MSH6 DNA mismatch repair genes (Papadopoulos et al., 1995). In agreement with the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, the M4S1 and M1S1 genes have been renamed TACSTD (tumor-associated calcium signal transducer) 1 and 2, respectively.