Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Closed Form Solutions for Connectivity of Fixed Radius Random Graphs in One-Dimensional Space

We consider the connectivity of a class of random graph models called graphs defined by the fixed radius model . The model has a clear relationship with state-of-the-art wireless communication networks, often called ad-hoc networks. In this model, each random graph is defined by nodes placed in a Euclidean plane randomly according to some distribution; each pair of nodes is connected by an edge if and only if the distance between the nodes is within the common radius . Hence the model can be naturally interpreted as a mathematical model of wireless communication networks in which every mobile node can communicate with other nodes within the distance In this paper, we present some analytical results concerning the probability that such random graphs are connected (i.e., there is a path between every pair of nodes), assuming that the fixed number of nodes are distributed in one-dimensional space according to the uniform distribution. Related results have been obtained in our previous paper only implicitly in the form of recursive equations. On the other hand, the results of this paper are significant in that they are closed form solutions of the recursive equations thus present the probability explicitly.
Introduction, overview, and status of the Microwave Autonomous Copter System (MACS)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) capabilities are evolving rapidly, from technical, regulatory and operational standpoints. It is likely that these platforms will begin to offer new alternatives for agricultural and other applications needing high spatial resolution data and delivered in near real-time. This paper presents an overview of the Microwave Autonomous Copter System (MACS) currently under development at the Center for Hydrology, Soil Climatology and Remote Sensing (HSCaRS), Alabama A & M University. An L-band (1.4-GHz), horizontal polarization, radiometer is one of the sensors that has been proposed for MACS. The UAV helicopter system will be used for monitoring the temporal changes of soil moisture as a function of depth, even in the presence of vegetative covers. These measurements could greatly improve our understanding of soil moisture under vegetation covers that are necessary for completing algorithms of global energy and water balance products for examining variations in weather and climate. The paper describes the UAV helicopter, the microwave system and current status of the development
On detection and estimation of breath parameters using ultrawideband radar

We develop and describe some algorithms dedicated to people characteristic movement type detection using ultra wide band radar. Derived methods are implemented in real time system where breath detection and its basic parameters e.g. frequency and depth are estimated. We present also some crucial details of software implementation where we deal with radar signal acquisition and processing in real time. Presented method has many interesting applications in healthcare: noninvasive respiration or heartbeat monitoring and even though the wall measurement. Unlike camera radar respects anonymity. All development was made as Radcare project.
On the mechanics of natural compliance in frictional contacts and its effect on grasp stiffness and stability

This paper considers the effect of natural material compliance on the stiffness and stability of frictional multi-contact grasps and fixtures. The contact preload profile is a key parameter in the nonlinear compliance laws governing such contacts. The paper introduces the Hertz–Walton contact compliance model which is valid for linear contact loading profiles. The model is specified in a lumped parameter form suitable for on-line grasping applications, and is entirely determined by the contact friction and by the material and geometric properties of the contacting bodies. The model predicts an asymmetric stiffening of the tangential reaction force as the normal load at the contact increases. As a result, the composite stiffness matrix of multi-contact grasps governed by natural compliance effects is asymmetric, indicating that these contact arrangements are not governed by any potential energy function. Based on the compliant grasp dynamics, the paper derives rules indicating which contact point locations and what preload profiles guarantee grasp and fixture stability. The paper also describes preliminary experiments supporting the contact model predictions.
Dose comparison of ultrasonic transdermal insulin delivery to subcutaneous insulin injection

Prior studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of noninvasive transdermal insulin delivery using a cymbal transducer array. In this study the physiologic response to ultrasound mediated transdermal insulin delivery is compared to that of subcutaneously administered insulin. Anesthetized rats (350–550 g) were divided into four groups of four animals; one group representing ultrasound mediated insulin delivery and three representing subcutaneously administered insulin (0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 U/kg). The cymbal array was operated for 60 minutes at 20 kHz with 100 mW/cm2 spatial-peak temporal-peak intensity and a 20% duty cycle. The blood glucose level was determined at the beginning of the experiment and, following insulin administration, every 15 minutes for 90 minutes for both the ultrasound and injection groups. The change in blood glucose from baseline was compared between groups. When administered by subcutaneous injection at insulin doses of 0.15 and 0.20 U/kg, there was little change in the blood glucose levels over the 90 minute experiment. Following subcutaneous administration of insulin at a dose of 0.25 U/kg, blood glucose decreased by 190 ± 96 mg/dl (mean ± SD) at 90 minutes. The change in blood glucose following ultrasound mediated insulin delivery was −262 ± 40 mg/dl at 90 minutes. As expected, the magnitude of change in blood glucose between the three injection groups was dependant on the dose of insulin administered. The change in blood glucose in the ultrasound group was greater than that observed in the injection groups suggesting that a higher effective dose of insulin was delivered.
Delayed Fracture of Sintered Alumina

The strength of sintered alumina, when tested in the normal atmosphere, is shown to depend on the time for which the stress is applied. When stressed in bending under constant load, the average time to fracture increases from 1 sec to 106 sec when the stress is reduced by about 22%. This delayed fracture can be largely eliminated by heat treating and testing in a vacuum. The vacuum heat treatment does not change the strength of the material permanently since the delayed fracture effect reappears when the material is again exposed to the atmosphere. It is concluded that the effect is due to attack of the stressed material by constituents of the atmosphere.
Decompensated diabetes. New features of an old problem.

The patient, a 48-year-old black man, was first admitted to the hospital in late February 1993 because of fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia. To lose weight, he had been on a liquid diet and vitamins since November 1992 and had lost about 4.5 kg. He had remained active, working as an automobile mechanic. For several weeks before admission, he had been tired and weak and had noticed polyuria. On the day of admission he collapsed. The patient had not had a recent infectious illness. A brother and an aunt have diabetes mellitus; both take insulin. On admission to the emergency department, the patient had a heart rate of 140 beats per minute, and his blood pressure was 81/53 mm Hg. Physical examination showed the patient to be obese (weight, 106 kg; height, 173 cm; body mass index, 35.5 kg/m2). Ears, nose, and throat were clear. There was a grade 2 midsystolic murmur along the left sternal border. The lungs were clear to auscultation. The abdomen was soft, with positive bowel sounds. The liver edge was palpable at the right costal margin. Liver span by percussion was 9 cm. There was no lesion of the extremities. The serum Na+ was 140 mmol/L, K' was 6.0 mmol/L, creatinine was 460 ,umol/L, urea nitrogen was 30 mmol/L, glucose was 102.1 mmol/L, and osmolality was 432 mmol/kg. Anti-islet cell antibodies were negative. Analysis of arterial blood gases revealed a pH of 7.11, HCO3 of 11 mmol/L, Paco2 of 34 mm Hg, and base excess of -17 mmol/L. A test for ketones was positive in a 1/64 dilution of serum. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids and infusion of insulin; his hyperglycemia promptly improved and the ketoacidosis resolved. At discharge in early March, he was advised to maintain a 2000-kcal/d diet for patients with diabetes and to take neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin twice daily. Four days later, on the first follow-up visit, the patient reported numbness and tingling in the left leg and complained of shortness of breath. He said he had
ON THE STATISTICAL MEANING OF TRUNCATED SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION

Empirical data collected in practice usually are not exact. For various reasons it is often suggested in many applications to replace the original data matrix by some lower dimensional representation obtained via subspace approximation or truncation. The truncated singular value decomposition, for example, is one of the most commonly used representations. This note attempts to shed some light on the statistical meaning of this lower dimensional representation.
An approach for time series similarity search based on Lucene

Time series similarity search is an important aspect of knowledge discovery in time series, and the index of data is the key to efficiency of similarity search in time series. In order to improve the efficiency of data query, a new similarity search method is proposed for hydrological time series using Lucene function mechanism. In the initial stage, build index for data with Lucene, and then carry out wavelet transform and symbolic on data, based on the candidate set with similar symbol selected from the sequence, and utilize range search function provided by Lucene rapidly search the sub sequence from candidate set, and use DTW (dynamic time warping) algorithm to calculate the matched sequence closest to search sequence. Finally, the validity and rationality of the method are verified by using the data of a hydrological station.
Generic Optimization of Linear Precoding in Multibeam Satellite Systems

Multibeam satellite systems have been employed to provide interactive broadband services to geographical areas under-served by terrestrial infrastructure. In this context, this paper studies joint multiuser linear precoding design in the forward link of fixed multibeam satellite systems. We provide a generic optimization framework for linear precoding design to handle any objective functions of data rate with general linear and nonlinear power constraints. To achieve this, an iterative algorithm which optimizes the precoding vectors and power allocation alternatingly is proposed and most importantly, the proposed algorithm is proved to always converge. The proposed optimization algorithm is also applicable to nonlinear dirty paper coding. As a special case, a more efficient algorithm is devised to find the optimal solution to the problem of maximizing the proportional fairness among served users. In addition, the aforementioned problems and algorithms are extended to the case that each terminal has multiple co-polarization or dual-polarization antennas. Simulation results demonstrate substantial performance improvement of the proposed schemes over conventional multibeam satellite systems, zero-forcing and regularized zero-forcing precoding schemes in terms of meeting the traffic demand, e.g., using real beam patterns, over twice higher throughput can be achieved compared with the conventional scheme. The performance of the proposed linear precoding scheme is also shown to be very close to the dirty paper coding.
Analysis of a Metropolitan-Area Wireless Network

We analyze a seven-week trace of the Metricom metropolitan-area packet radio wireless network to find how users take advantage of a mobile environment. Such understanding is critical for planning future large-scale mobile network infrastructures. Amongst other results, we find that users typically use the radios during the day and evening. Of the users who move around during the trace (over half), we find that the more locations a user visits on a daily basis, the closer together, on average, those locations are. While these results are only known to be valid for this particular network, we hope future analysis of other networks will add to a growing understanding of mobile network behavior.
Two inward currents and the transformation of low‐frequency oscillations of rat and cat thalamocortical cells.

1. The contribution of a slow, mixed Na(+)‐K+, inward rectifying current (Ih) and the T‐type Ca2+ current (IT) (that underlies low‐threshold Ca2+ potentials) to the low‐frequency oscillations observed in rat and cat thalamocortical (TC) cells in vitro was studied using current clamp and single‐electrode voltage clamp recordings. 2. From a holding potential of ‐50 mV, voltage steps negative to ‐60 mV showed the presence of a slow, non‐inactivating inward current, Ih. This current was unaffected by Ba2+ (1‐4 mM), tetrodotoxin (0.5‐1 microM) and TEA (20 mM, n = 6), reversibly blocked by Cs+ (1‐3 mM), and its reversal potential (‐33.0 +/‐ 1.2 mV) followed changes in the extracellular Na+ and K+, but not Cl‐, concentration. 3. Application of Cs+ (1‐3 mM) abolished the pacemaker oscillations (n = 9), while in six cells that did not show any oscillatory activity Cs+ first evoked the spindle‐like oscillations that, in the continuous presence of these ions, were then transformed into the pacemaker oscillations before all activities were finally blocked: all these effects were accompanied by a hyperpolarization and a progressive decrease and final blockade of Ih. Cs+ had no effect on the ‘N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate’ (NMDA) oscillations (n = 5) and Ba2+ (2 mM, n = 8) did not block the pacemaker, the spindle‐like and the ‘NMDA’ oscillations. 4. In ten cells that showed the pacemaker oscillations selective activation of beta‐adrenoceptors by 10‐50 microM‐noradrenaline (in the presence of alpha‐noradrenergic antagonists) or by 20 microM‐isoprenaline first transformed the pacemaker oscillations into the spindle‐like oscillations that, in the continuous activation of beta‐receptors, were finally abolished: all these effects were accompanied by a depolarization and a progressive increase of Ih. 5. In TC cells that showed the pacemaker oscillations application of 1‐octanol (50‐100 microM), an antagonist of T‐type Ca2+ currents, reversibly blocked this activity but concomitantly decreased (50%) the cell input resistance (n = 5). Application of Ni2+ (0.2‐0.5 mM, n = 13), another antagonist of IT reversibly blocked the pacemaker, the spindle‐like and the ‘NMDA’ oscillations. 7. In cells showing the pacemaker oscillations it was found that the current developing from the most hyperpolarized potential of an oscillation cycle was an inward relaxation whose time course differed from that of Ih evoked at the same potential. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
GSMem: Data Exfiltration from Air-Gapped Computers over GSM Frequencies

Air-gapped networks are isolated, separated both logically and physically from public networks. Although the feasibility of invading such systems has been demonstrated in recent years, exfiltration of data from air-gapped networks is still a challenging task. In this paper we present GSMem, a malware that can exfiltrate data through an air-gap over cellular frequencies. Rogue software on an infected target computer modulates and transmits electromagnetic signals at cellular frequencies by invoking specific memory-related instructions and utilizing the multichannel memory architecture to amplify the transmission. Furthermore, we show that the transmitted signals can be received and demodulated by a rootkit placed in the baseband firmware of a nearby cellular phone. We present crucial design issues such as signal generation and reception, data modulation, and transmission detection. We implement a prototype of GSMem consisting of a transmitter and a receiver and evaluate its performance and limitations. Our current results demonstrate its efficacy and feasibility, achieving an effective transmission distance of 1 - 5.5 meters with a standard mobile phone. When using a dedicated, yet affordable hardware receiver, the effective distance reached over 30 meters.
Molecular basis for the resistance of an insect chymotrypsin to a potato type II proteinase inhibitor

Plants produce a variety of proteinase inhibitors (PIs) that have amajor function in defense against insect herbivores. In turn, insects have developed strategies to minimize the effect of dietary PIs on digestion. We have discovered that Helicoverpa larvae that survive consumption of a multidomain serine PI from Nicotiana alata (NaPI) contain high levels of a chymotrypsin that is not inhibited by NaPI. Here we describe the isolation of this NaPI-resistant chymotrypsin and an NaPI-susceptible chymotrypsin from Helicoverpa larvae, together with their corresponding cDNAs. We investigated the mechanism of resistance by mutating selected positions of the NaPIsusceptible chymotrypsin using the corresponding amino acids of theNaPI-resistant chymotrypsin. Four critical residues that conferred resistance to NaPI were identified. Molecular modeling revealed that a Phe→Leu substitution at position 37 in the chymotrypsin results in the loss of important binding contacts with NaPI. Identification of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to PI resistance in insect digestive proteases will enable us to develop better inhibitors for the control of lepidopteran species that are major agricultural pests worldwide.
Emulating Rasterization and Von Neumann Machines with Retina

In recent years, much research has been devoted to the deployment of cache coherence; however, few have developed the construction of e-business [26], [26]. After years of confusing research into DHTs, we validate the synthesis of multicast solutions, which embodies the appropriate principles of compact complexity theory. We propose new concurrent epistemologies, which we call Retina. Although it at first glance seems unexpected, it is buffetted by related work in the field.
Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH)

Abstract Objective To determine the effect of exercise training on survival in patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Design Collaborative meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria Randomised parallel group controlled trials of exercise training for at least eight weeks with individual patient data on survival for at least three months. Studies reviewed Nine datasets, totalling 801 patients: 395 received exercise training and 406 were controls. Main outcome measure Death from all causes. Results During a mean (SD) follow up of 705 (729) days there were 88 (22%) deaths in the exercise arm and 105 (26%) in the control arm. Exercise training significantly reduced mortality (hazard ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.92; log rank χ2 = 5.9; P = 0.015). The secondary end point of death or admission to hospital was also reduced (0.72, 0.56 to 0.93; log rank χ2 = 6.4; P = 0.011). No statistically significant subgroup specific treatment effect was observed. Conclusion Meta-analysis of randomised trials to date gives no evidence that properly supervised medical training programmes for patients with heart failure might be dangerous, and indeed there is clear evidence of an overall reduction in mortality. Further research should focus on optimising exercise programmes and identifying appropriate patient groups to target.
Reconciliation Approaches to Determining HGT , Duplications , and Losses in Gene Trees 9

Dramatic gene loss and gain, corresponding to physiology and lifestyle shifts, has been documented for a number of bacterial lineages (Lefébure & Stanhope, 2007). Such changes are of interest to a variety of disciplines, including microbiology, molecular and cellular biology, medicine, and biotechnology. Changes in genomic content occur due to evolutionary processes such as gene duplication, loss, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). These events lead to differences between the histories of different genes, as well as discrepancies between the evolutionary history of individual genes and the genomes overall (Pamilo & Nei, 1988). Analyses of different gene family histories, or genealogies, can also be used to infer the kinds of events that have taken place in the evolutionary history of a genome, providing insight into the ways in which genomes have changed over time, including functional changes (Kamneva, Knight, Liberles, & Ward, 2012). Explaining inconsistencies between the evolutionary histories of genes and the species in which they evolve is called reconciliation. Reconciliation has a number of important practical applications. For instance, reconciliation is the most comprehensive way to describe the dynamics of gene family evolution in terms of gene copy number (David & Alm, 2011; Kamneva et al., 2012). It is also the most reliable way to identify truly orthologous genes between different genomes (Åkerborg, Sennblad, Arvestad, & Lagergren, 2009), which is important when using information about a gene in one organism to understand the function of related genes in other organisms, an important part of genome annotation and sequence analysis. Therefore, comparisons between the family histories of genes and the history of the species in which they evolve are becoming a common practice in microbiology research. The aims of these comparisons are to (1) predict the functions and
GUI testing techniques based on Event Interactive Graph tree model

Aimed at the GUI (graphical user interface) software testing the existence of the complexity and inefficiency issues, propose an Event Interactive Graph tree model. The structural events and system interactive events separate to establish component interactive graph tree and event interactive model, and gives a detailed GUI software modeling methods, and according to the model designed to test coverage criteria and test cases generation method. Finally applied to achieve good results in the actual system has greatly enhanced the quality and efficiency of GUI testing.
Combined Modeling and Side Channel Attacks on Strong PUFs

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have established themselves in the scientific literature, and are also gaining ground in commercial applications. Recently, however, several attacks on PUF core properties have been reported. They concern their physical and digital unclonability, as well as their assumed resilience against invasive or side channel attacks. In this paper, we join some of these techniques in order to further improve their effectiveness. The combination of machine-learning based modeling techniques with side channel information allows us to attack so-called XOR Arbiter PUFs and Lightweight PUFs up to a size and complexity that was previously out of reach. For Lightweight PUFs, for example, we report successful attacks for bitlengths of 64, 128 and 256, and for up to nine single Arbiter PUFs whose output is XORed. Previous work at CCS 2010 and IEEE TIFS 2013, which provides the currently most efficient modeling results, had only been able to attack this structure for up to five XORs and bitlength 64. Our attack employs the first power side channel (PSC) for Strong PUFs in the literature. This PSC tells the attacker the number of single Arbiter PUF within an XOR Arbiter PUF or Lightweight PUF architecture that are zero or one. This PSC is of little value if taken by itself, but strongly improves an attacker’s capacity if suitably combined with modeling techniques. At the end of the paper, we discuss efficient and simple countermeasures against this PSC, which could be used to secure future PUF generations.