Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forecast of Short-term Solar Irradiation in Brazil Using Numerical Models and Statistical Post-processing

This work aims at establishing a methodology to get reliable solar irradiation forecasts for the Brazilian Northeastern region by using WRF model together with statistical methods for post-processing data. The key issue is concerning how to deal with the diversity of typical climate features occurring in the region presenting the largest solar energy resource in Brazil. The solar irradiance forecasts for 24h in advance were obtained using the WRF model. In order to reduce uncertainties, cluster analysis technique was employed to find out areas presenting similar climate features. Comparison analysis between WRF model outputs and observational data were performed to evaluate the model skill in forecasting the surface solar irradiation. After all, post-processing of WRF outputs were performed using artificial neural networks and multiple regression methods in order to refine short-term solar irradiation forecasts.
Beneficiation Study on Rare Earth Ore in Mianning of Sichuan

Sichuan rare earth deposit is prolific in China.The bench scale test of beneficiation was studied with bastnaesite from Mianning,Sichuan as research object.Aiming to occurrence features of the rare earth ore,using water glass as depressant,modified hydroxamic acid as collector,at pH value within 7.5～8,a rare earth concentrate with REO content of 62.10% and REO recovery of 86.98% was gained.
Progress and Perspectives on Ecological Water Requirement of Vegetation

In recent years, ecological water requirement has been a new and “hot” field in ecology, hydrology and water resources. Of this field, research on vegetation’s ecological requirement is not only one of the main issues but also plays an important role in guiding regional vegetation ecological restoration and ecological construction. In this paper, based on review of relevant literatures, the concept, connotation and calculation method of vegetation ecological water requirement were summarized. Vegetation’s ecological water requirement can be defined as the essential water consumption used to maintain and improve vegetation ecosystem health and to ensure its normal ecological services. In general, the calculation of vegetation’s ecological water requirement in some region can be divided into three steps: the first one is to determine vegetation’s type and coverage areas; the second one is to determine the ecological water quota of different vegetation types; the last step is to estimate total water requirement based on the above. There are two calculation methods: one is so-called direct calculation method and the other is so-called indirect method. The former, more general applied at present, is the product of vegetation coverage and water requirement quota. Quota determination, which can be expressed by the evapotranspiration of vegetation in growing season, is the base and key step in calculation of vegetation’s ecological water requirement, and determined according to the principle of agrometeorology. To research on vegetation’s ecological water requirement, the following two aspects should be stressed: one is further to research about physiological and ecological mechanism of vegetation’s water consumption so as to perfect the calculation, and the other is further to study the water consumption laws of different types of vegetation so as to provide the foundation of calculating the ecological demand of different vegetation types.
Transgenic mouse lines expressing fl uorescent proteins in developing kidney

Development of the kidney involves interactions between several cell lineages and complex morphogenetic processes, such as branching of the ureteric bud (UB) to form the collecting duct system and condensation and differentiation of the mesenchymal progenitors to form the nephron epithelia. One of the advantages of the mouse kidney as an experimental system is that it can develop in culture, from the stage of initial branching of the UB (E11.5) for up to a week (although it achieves the size and degree of development of only an E13.5–E14.5 kidney in vivo). The availability of fluorescent proteins (FPs) has provided powerful tools for visualizing the morphogenesis of specific renal structures in organ cultures. Two categories of genetically modified mice that express FPs are useful for visualizing different cell lineages and developmental processes in these organ cultures: (1) transgenic mice that express a fluorescent reporter in the pattern of a specific gene; and (2) Cre reporter mice, which turn on an FP in cells with Cre recombinase activity (and their daughter cells), used in conjunction with cell type-specific Cre transgenic mice. Here, we describe some of the currently available Cre and FP transgenic lines that are useful for the study of kidney development.
Near-surface circulation and kinetic energy in the tropical Indian Ocean derived from lagrangian drifters

Trajectories of 412 satellite-tracked drifting buoys deployed in the tropical Indian Ocean have been analyzed to document the surface circulation and kinetic energy e eld. Only drifters drogued at 15 m depth and having drag area ratio greater than 35 are used to estimate current velocities. Unlike in earlier studies, the widening of the Equatorial Jet in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and the westward e owat the equator during July‐ August are apparent in the present data set.The comparison of drifter data with the seasonal mean dynamic topography (0/1000 db) shows that the surface circulation pattern inferred from dynamic topography does not always represent the surface currents in the Indian Ocean. Both compare well for the South Equatorial Current, the Equatorial Counter Current, and the southwestward current along the Indonesian Islands; they differ in the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon, but are similar during the northeast monsoon. Maps of mean and eddy kinetic energy show maxima in the regions of western boundary currents and equatorial currents and minima in the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and south of 20° S. Surface circulation in the Indian Ocean is unique because of its response to the annually reversing monsoon winds because of which the major currents in the Indian Ocean also undergo variations on semiannual and annual time scales. The seasonality is more prominent in the north than in the south.The major surface currents in the Indian Ocean are summarized in the schematic in Figure 1. During the northern winter (i.e., during the northeast monsoon), the surface current systems resemble the general circulation patterns in the Pacie c and Atlantic oceans; the South Equatorial Current (SEC), the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC), the North Equatorial Current (Northeast Monsoon Current (NMC) hereafter), and the associated boundary currents are seen during this season. During the northern summer (i.e., during the southwest monsoon), the surface currents do not resemble the patterns seen in the other two oceans; the eastward Southwest Monsoon Current (SMC) replaces the westward NMC and a northward e ow, the Somali Current (SC), replaces the southward e ow along the coast of Somalia. At the equator, the scenario is further complicated with the appearance of an eastward Equatorial Jet (EJ) during the transition periods,April‐ May and November‐ December (Wyrtki, 1973).
Web Services Policy 1.5 - Framework

The Web Services Policy 1.5 - Framework provides a general purpose model and corresponding syntax to describe the policies of entities in a Web services-based system. Web Services Policy Framework defines a base set of constructs that can be used and extended by other Web services specifications to describe a broad range of service requirements and capabilities.
A Framework for Qualitative and Quantitative Formal Model-Based Safety Analysis

In model-based safety analysis both qualitative aspects i.e. what must go wrong for a system failure) and quantitative aspects (i.e. how probable is a system failure) are very important. For both aspects methods and tools are available. However, until now for each aspect new and independent models must be built for analysis. This paper proposes the SAML framework as a formal foundation for both qualitative and quantitative formal model-based safety analysis. The main advantage of SAML is the combination of qualitative and quantitative formal semantics which allows different analyses on the same model. This increases the confidence in the analysis results, simplifies modeling and is less error-prone. The SAML framework is tool-independent. As proof-of-concept, we present sound transformation of the formalism into two state of the art model-checking notations. Prototypical tool support for the sound transformation of SAML into PRISM and MRMC for probabilistic analysis as well as different variants of the SMV model checker for qualitative analysis is currently being developed.
TIDES IN HOOGHLY RIVER

Summary The Hooghly is a tidal river and Calcutta one of the most important ports of India is situated on it. The tidal effect stretches to over 175 miles length up to Nabadwip where two nonperennial rivers Bhagirathi and Jalangi, both taking off at different sites from the Gangesmeet and discharge their rain water (freshets) into the Hoogly all through the summer months. Other rivers join it also downstream. Annual tide tables are published for three places on the river viz Sagar, Diamond Harbour and Garden Reach. In this paper lunitidal intervals, durations of rise and fall, mean high water, mean low water, mean tide level and mean sea level planes and mean ranges have been shown to go through periodic seasonal changes. It has been shown that different tidal planes have changed differently in the intrior of the river indicating changes in tidal regimes and in the river bed. Whereas variations in yearly sea levels since 1882 have not been appreciable at Sagar, these at Garden Reach have changed considera.
Does the Market Value Value-Added ? Evidence from Housing Prices After a Public Release of School and Teacher Value-Added

Value-added data have become an increasingly common evaluation tool for schools and teachers. Many school districts have begun to adopt these methods and have released results publicly. In this paper, we use the unique public release of value-added data in Los Angeles to identify how this measure of school quality is capitalized into housing prices. Via difference-in-differences, we find no evidence of a response to either school or teacher value-added rank, even though school-zone boundary fixed-effects estimates indicate that test score levels are capitalized into home prices. Given ample evidence that this information was new to residents, widely dispersed, and easily available, our results suggest that people did not significantly value it on the margin. This has implications for the effectiveness of providing value-added information as a tool to help parents choose schools. ∗We would like to thank seminar participants at the AEA Annual Meetings, the APPAM Fall Meetings, Case Western Reserve University, the CES-Ifo Economics of Education Meetings, Duke University, Georgetown University, the George Washington University, the NBER Economics of Education Meetings, the Society of Labor Economists Annual meeting, Texas A&M University, the University of Houston, the University of Illinois at Chicago, the University of Michigan, and the UM-MSU-UWO Labor Day Conference, along with John Bound, Julie Cullen, Steven Haider, Matt Hall, Susanna Loeb, Stephen Machin, Steven Rivkin, Guido Schwerdt, Gary Solon, and Kevin Stange for helpful comments and suggestions. We would also like to thank the Los Angeles County Tax Assessor’s Office, the Los Angeles Times, the Los Angeles Unified School District, and Richard Buddin for providing us the data and for their assistance with the data. Finally, we would like to thank Margaret O’Rourke, Michael Naretta and Leigh Wedenoja for excellent research assistance on this project. c ⃝2015 by Scott Imberman and Michael Lovenheim. All errors and omissions are our own.
BOBCATS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE: UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HABITAT SUITABILITY, CONNECTIVITY AND ABUNDANCE IN A CHANGING LANDSCAPE

xi CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION . 1 Objectives . 5 CHAPTER 2 – MODELING BOBCAT HABITAT SUITABILITY ACROSS NEW HAMPSHIRE: A HIERARCHICAL APPROACH . 6 Methods.10 Study Areas . 10 Factors Affecting Statewide Distribution . 11 Habitat Features that Influence Selection within Home Range . 14 Modeling Habitat Selection . 15 Environmental Variables . 15 Habitat Suitability Modeling.16 Model Extrapolation and Validation . 18 Results . 20 Factors Affecting Statewide Distribution . 20 Habitat Features that Influence Selection within Home Range . 23 Habitat Suitability Maps . 25 Discussion . 28 Incidental Sightings to Explore Distribution . 28 Fine-Scale Habitat Selection . 31 Implications of Multi-Scale Habitat Selection . 33 CHAPTER 3 – MODELING CONNECTIVITY FOR CARNIVORES IN A DEVELOPED LANDSCAPE: WHAT IS THE BEST APPROACH? 36 Modeling Connectivity . 37 Evaluating Connectivity Models.39 Focal Species in Connectivity Models . 41 Objectives . 42 Methods.42
Starting well or losing their way? The position of youth in the labour market in OECD countries

Despite the fact that today’s young cohorts are smaller in number and better educated than their older counterparts, high youth unemployment remains a serious problem in many OECD countries. This reflects a variety of factors, including the relatively high proportion of young people leaving school without a basic educational qualification, the fact that skills acquired in initial education are not always well adapted to labour market requirements, as well as general labour market conditions and problems in the functioning of labour markets. The paper highlights the trends in youth labour market performance over the past decade using a wide range of indicators. It also presents new evidence on i) the length of transitions from school to work; ii) the wages, working conditions and stability of jobs performed by youth; and iii) the degree of so-called “over-education”, i.e. the gap between the skills of young people and the jobs they get. Meme si les cohortes des jeunes d’aujourd’hui sont moins nombreuses et mieux eduquees que leurs aines, le taux de chomage eleve des jeunes demeure un serieux probleme dans beaucoup de pays de l'OCDE. Ceci tient a un ensemble de facteurs, comme la proportion relativement elevee de jeunes sortant de l'ecole sans qualification elementaire, le fait que les qualifications acquises dans l'education initiale ne sont pas toujours bien adaptees aux exigences du marche du travail, tout comme les conditions generales et les problemes de fonctionnement des marches du travail. Ce papier met en lumiere les tendances de la performance du marche du travail des jeunes au cours de la derniere decennie en utilisant une large variete d’indicateurs. Il presente aussi de nouveaux elements sur i) la duree des transitions de l'ecole a l'emploi ; ii) les salaires, les conditions de travail et la stabilite des emplois des jeunes; et iii) le degre de « surqualification », c. -a-d. la difference entre les qualifications des jeunes et les emplois qu’ils occupent.
Ground roll attenuation using the S and x‐f‐k transforms

Ground roll, which is characterized by low frequency and high amplitude, is an old seismic data processing problem in land‐based seismic acquisition. Common techniques for ground roll attenuation are frequency filtering, f‐k or velocity filtering and a type of f‐k filtering based on the time‐offset windowed Fourier transform. These techniques assume that the seismic signal is stationary. In this study we utilized the S, x‐f‐k and t‐f‐k transforms as alternative methods to the Fourier transform. The S transform is a type of time‐frequency transform that provides frequency‐dependent resolution while maintaining a direct relationship with the Fourier spectrum. Application of a filter based on the S transform to land seismic shot records attenuates ground roll in a time‐frequency domain. The t‐f‐k and x‐f‐k transforms are approaches to localize the apparent velocity panel of a seismic record in time and offset domains, respectively. These transforms provide a convenient way to define offset or time‐varying reject zones on the separate f‐k panel at different offsets or times.
Reactive Planning Under Uncertainty Among Moving Obstacles

This paper addresses the problem of navigation of complex systems in dynamic environments under uncertainty. Such environments impose a hard real time constraint. However, computing a complete motion to the goal within a limited time is impossible to achieve in most real situations. The Partial Motion Planning (PMP) approach is used to address the planning problem. However, for real applications, it is important to take into account uncertainty. In this paper, we present an extension to the PMP that accounts for uncertainty in order to plan trajectories robust to the robot's errors. We show that PMP framework is highly suitable to account for these constraints and present original simulation results of robust trajectories for a car-like robot evolving among moving obstacles.
Chapter 14 Palaeobiogeography of Ordovician echinoderms

Abstract The palaeobiogeographical distribution of the six major clades of Ordovician echinoderms (asterozoans, blastozoans, crinoids, echinozoans, edrioasteroids and stylophorans) is analysed based on a comprehensive and up-to-date database compiling 3701 occurrences (1938 species recorded from 331 localities) of both complete specimens and isolated ossicles. Although historically biased towards a limited number of regions (Europe, North America, Russia), the resulting dataset makes it possible to identify six main palaeobiogeographical provinces for Ordovician echinoderms: Laurentia, Baltica, West Gondwana, East Gondwana, Avalonia and Siberia. At a global scale, the high endemicity of echinoderms during the Early to Middle Ordovician coincides with the time of maximum dispersal of continental masses. Late Ordovician faunas tend to become more cosmopolitan, possibly as a consequence of changing palaeogeography and/or relatively higher sea-levels in the Sandbian–Katian interval. Regional biodiversity patterns of Ordovician echinoderms confirm that their major diversification during the Ordovician is not a single, universal evolutionary event, but rather results from the complex addition of contrasted local evolutionary trends.
Estimating disparity with confidence from energy neurons

The peak location in a population of phase-tuned neurons has been shown to be a more reliable estimator for disparity than the peak location in a population of position-tuned neurons. Unfortunately, the disparity range covered by a phase-tuned population is limited by phase wraparound. Thus, a single population cannot cover the large range of disparities encountered in natural scenes unless the scale of the receptive fields is chosen to be very large, which results in very low resolution depth estimates. Here we describe a biologically plausible measure of the confidence that the stimulus disparity is inside the range covered by a population of phase-tuned neurons. Based upon this confidence measure, we propose an algorithm for disparity estimation that uses many populations of high-resolution phase-tuned neurons that are biased to different disparity ranges via position shifts between the left and right eye receptive fields. The population with the highest confidence is used to estimate the stimulus disparity. We show that this algorithm outperforms a previously proposed coarse-to-fine algorithm for disparity estimation, which uses disparity estimates from coarse scales to select the populations used at finer scales and can effectively detect occlusions.
Assessing the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: the National Status and Trends Program response; a summary report of coastal contamination

NOAA’s National Status and Trends Program (NS&T) collected oyster tissue and sediments for quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and petroleum associated metals before and after the landfall of oil from the Deepwater Horizon incident of 2010. These new pre- and post- landfall measurements were put into a historical context by comparing them to data collected in the region over three decades during Mussel Watch monitoring. Overall, the levels of PAHs in both sediment and oysters both pre- and post-landfall were within the range of historically observed values for the Gulf of Mexico. Some specific sites did have elevated PAH levels. While those locations generally correspond to areas in which oil reached coastal areas, it cannot be conclusively stated that the contamination is due to oiling from the Deepwater Horizon incident at these sites due to the survey nature of these sampling efforts. Instead, our data indicate locations along the coast where intensive investigation of hydrocarbon contamination should be undertaken. Post-spill concentrations of oil-related trace metals (V, Hg, Ni) were generally within historically observed ranges for a given site, however, nickel and vanadium were elevated at some sites including areas in Mississippi Sound and Galveston, Terrebonne, Mobile, Pensacola, and Apalachicola Bays. No oyster tissue metal body burden exceeded any of the United States Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) shellfish permissible action levels for human consumption.
Occupational skill level: The divide between rural and urban Canada

It is generally understood that the occupational structure of rural and urban regions is different. For instance, in 2001, about 19 percent of urban employment was in professional occupations, as opposed to 9 percent in rural regions. In contrast, about 12 percent of urban jobs were classified as unskilled occupations, as opposed to 15 percent in rural regions (see Appendix B, Table 4). To some extent, this variation is explained by the different composition of the economy in each regional type. As an example, the business services sector typically employs a higher share of professional workers than the manufacturing sector. Since business services are largely concentrated in urban regions, professional occupations also are more commonly found in urban regions. Whether Highlights • In 2001, managerial and professional occupations were more concentrated in predominantly urban regions than in rural regions, while the intensity of unskilled occupations was sizably higher in predominantly rural regions. This polarization was observed even after controlling for regional differences in industrial structure. • There is a noticeable divide in occupational skill level between the south and west of Canada compared to the north and east of Canada.
Function and protection study of the wetland nature reserve along Yangtze River in Anqing

Wetlands of the nature reserve along Yangtze River in Anqing City, which are one component part of wetlands in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main functions of the wetlands of the nature reserve along Yangtze River in Anqing are as follow: ①adjusting and restoring flood, regulating local climate;②purifing the waterbody, protecting the eco-environment of wetlands;③providing the habitat for precious and rare waterfowls. Moreover, in accordance with the existed problem in this area, This paper finally brings forward protection countermeasures on the exploitation and protection of wetland resource, the management of wetland nature reserve, the propaganda and dissemination of knowledge on wetlands.