Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition by squalene of the tumor‐promoting activity of 12‐O‐Tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate in mouse‐skin carcinogenesis

Squalene inhibited the effect of tumor promoter 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), such as increased 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids of HeLa cell membrane, induction of Epstein‐Barr‐virus early antigen in Raji cell and induction of ornithine decarboxylase in mouse skin. Squalene also markedly suppressed the promoting activity of TPA on skin carcinogenesis in 7, 12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene‐initiated mice. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aggregate productivity effects of technology shocks in a model of heterogeneous firms : the importance of equilibrium adjustments

This paper studies how productivity shifts at the level of the firm are transmitted to aggregate industry productivity in a model of heterogeneous firms. We analyse both uniform productivity shifts, and catching up by reducing the productivity differentials between firms. The two kinds of shifts affect aggregate productivity in different ways and through different mechanisms. Endogenous equilibrium adjustments play a crucial role for the influence on aggregate productivity. Moreover, when firms sell their output to several markets, and their market power differs between markets, aggregate productivity may be inversely related to productivity at the firm level. A by-product of the analysis is to demonstrate that productivity heterogeneity can be incorporated in the standard model of monopolistic competition at a low cost in terms of analytical tractability.
Retinal model with adaptive contrast sensitivity and resolution.

A computer-simulated retina (called IRIS) is described which has useful features for computer vision. : IRIS discriminates small differences in reflected light when these differences occur in a restricted domain of space and time, and maintains sensitivity to these differences for a wide range of lighting environments. As prevailing light levels decrease and photon noise becomes significant, IRIS reduces its spatiotemporal resolution to provide greater redundancy. Electrically, IRIS could be implemented by 2-D lattice of photosensors attached to a passively conducting grid. Inthe present study, the model is implemented in FORTRAN. Similarities to the human retina are noted; the photosensor design is based on a photoreceptor model, and each conducting grid may be realized by tight-junction coupling of receptors and by horizontal-cell interconnections (effectively forming a syncytium).
Low-Power Low-Voltage Current Readout Circuit for Inductively Powered Implant System

Low voltage and low power are two key requirements for on-chip realization of wireless power and data telemetry for applications in biomedical sensor instrumentation. Batteryless operation and wireless telemetry facilitate robust, reliable, and longer lifetime of the implant unit. As an ongoing research work, this paper demonstrates a low-power low-voltage sensor readout circuit which could be easily powered up with an inductive link. This paper presents two versions of readout circuits that have been designed and fabricated in bulk complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Either version can detect a sensor current in the range of 0.2 μA to 2 μA and generate square-wave data signal whose frequency is proportional to the sensor current. The first version of the circuit is fabricated in a 0.35-μ m CMOS process and it can generate an amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) signal while consuming 400 μ W of power with a 1.5-V power supply. Measurement results indicate that the ASK chip generates 76 Hz to 500 Hz frequency of a square-wave data signal for the specified sensor current range. The second version of the readout circuit is fabricated in a 0.5-μ m CMOS process and produces a frequency-shift-keying (FSK) signal while consuming 1.675 mW of power with a 2.5-V power supply. The generated data frequency from the FSK chip is 1 kHz and 9 kHz for the lowest and the highest sensor currents, respectively. Measurement results confirm the functionalities of both prototype schemes. The prototype circuit has potential applications in the monitoring of blood glucose level, lactate in the bloodstream, and pH or oxygen in a physiological system/environment.
A survey on operation of wind turbine generators in stand-alone microgrid

This paper reviews the various operation techniques of wind turbines within the stand-alone microgrid. First, the paper focuses on the feature and operation of the stand-alone microgrid when it includes wind turbines. Then, various methods to operate and control wind turbines within the stand-alone microgrid are introduced. In addition, main considerations are explained for the operation of a wind turbine generator (WTG) in a stand-alone microgrid. Finally, the technical challenges for this issue are discussed.
The value of electronmicroscopy and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas: a study of 200 cases

Two hundred soft tissue sarcomas, accrued consecutively over a 4‐year period, were examined by light and electronmicroscopy and by routine immunohistochemistry. The commonest tumour type was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Fibrosarcoma, composed only of oblasts, was diagnosed in only one case; three others, composed also of myofibroblasts, could be regarded as fibrosarcomas or myofibrosarcomas. Immunohistochemistry was of most value in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of Schwann cell type and epithelioid sarcoma. Electronmicroscopy was of most use for the diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of perineurial cell type and marker‐negative monophasic synovial sarcoma, and for confirming malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Fifteen of 19 marker‐negative spindle cell tumours (79%) were diagnosable by electronmicroscopy. A combination of techniques resulted in a specific diagnosis in 193 cases (96.5%). The routine use of electronmicroscopy in sarcoma diagnosis can improve accuracy of diagnosis, establish the true frequency of marker‐positivity for each ultrastructurally confirmed tumour type and minimise the number of unclassifiable cases.
The CB1Cannabinoid Receptor in the Brain

The CB1 cannabinoid receptor in brain is a G-protein-coupled receptor that exists as a protein possessing seven transmembrane helices that span the membrane. The intracellular surface is able to interact with f1p4oteins of the Gi/o family to regulate effector proteins, including adenylate cyclase, Ca2+ channels, and K+ channels, and to stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The CB1 cannabinoid receptor recognizes three classes of agonist ligands: cannabinoid, eicosanoid, and aminoalkylindole. These agonist subtypes may interact with the CB1 cannabinoid receptor by some common points of association, yet may have subtle differences in the way that they interact with the receptor protein. This may be evident in the allosteric regulation by monovalent cations and individual agonists. The juxtamembrane region of the C-terminal is able to activate G-proteins. It is proposed that conformational changes in the receptor induced by agonist ligands may alter the conformation or exposure of the juxtamembrane C-terminal region extending from helix VII.
Indolent B-Cell Malignancies: Immune Recognition and Antiself

B-cell malignancies appear to be ideal candidates for treatment with immunotherapeutic approaches. Monoclonal antibodies that target cell-surface determinants have been used as single agents in B-cell malignancies, in combination with chemotherapy, and coupled to other agents to create radioimmunoconjugates and immunotoxins. Another approach is to take advantage of the graft-vs.-lymphoma effect seen following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. To exploit this effect without inducing the complication of graft-vs.-host disease, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms whereby lymphoma cells escape T-cell-mediated responses. CD40 activation may offer a means of increasing the immunogenicity of lymphoma cells and of stimulating allogeneic T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Vaccination using tumor-specific antigens shows promise as a therapeutic strategy. Pre-clinical studies with immunoglobulin idiotype peptides have shown that humoral and cellular immune responses can be stimulated by antibodies to these peptides, but better tumor antigens need to be identified that can reliably generate cytotoxic T-cell responses. Candidate antigens include heteroclitic peptides from the immunoglobulin V region and newly identified antigens including the cytochrome P450 1B1. Clinical trials are ongoing in all these fields.
Moving Block Bootstrap for Analyzing Longitudinal Data

In a longitudinal study subjects are followed over time. I focus on a case where the number of replications over time is large relative to the number of subjects in the study. I investigate the use of moving block bootstrap methods for analyzing such data. Asymptotic properties of the bootstrap methods in this setting are derived. The effectiveness of these resampling methods is also demonstrated through a simulation study.
Comparison of premortem clinical diagnoses in critically iII patients and subsequent autopsy findings.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether our practice of requesting an autopsy for patients who die in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) continues to be a valid approach to obtain clinically and educationally relevant findings. METHODS In this retrospective study conducted in an adult MICU population of a university hospital, the clinical diagnoses and postmortem major diagnoses of 100 patients who died in 1996 (autopsy rate of 93%) were compared. RESULTS Eighty-one percent of the clinical diagnoses were confirmed at autopsy. In 16%, autopsy findings revealed a major diagnosis that, if known before death, might have led to a change in therapy and prolonged survival (class I missed major diagnoses). The most frequent class I missed major diagnoses were fungal infection, cardiac tamponade, abdominal hemorrhage, and myocardial infarction. Another 10% of autopsies revealed a diagnosis that, if known before death, would probably not have led to a change in therapy (class II error). CONCLUSIONS Autopsy remains an important tool for education and quality control. In contrast with historical series of 1 to 2 decades ago, there is a clear shift in the type of class I missed major diagnoses toward opportunistic infections. Bedside-applicable techniques such as electrocardiography with supplemental posterior leads, echocardiography, and meticulous abdominal ultrasonography might improve the outcome in selected MICU patients.
Analysis of price transmission and volatility between the international markets of oil and soybean.

The growing importance of biofuels in the world energy matrix has introduced a new issue of theoretical and empirical relevance, namely the increasingly close relation between prices of a growing number of commodities involved in energy production, a subject of high relevance for both agribusiness and energy organizations. This paper analyzed the relation both in terms of volatility and of price transmission among international prices for two commodities, crude oil and soybean grain, for the period between january -1980 and october 2010. It was carried out time series econometrics procedures like ADF testing, Granger causality, Johansen Cointegration, Exogeneity, Vector Error Correction (VEC) model, Forecast Error Variance Decomposition, and Impulse Response Function. It also was evaluated the variance analysis of the series using Multivariate GARCH model. The results indicate absence of relation among these variables in the short term, whereas in the long term, the variations in international oil prices are transferred less than proportionally to soybean prices. Volatilities are affected by shocks lagged of one month. Palavras-chave: Biocombustiveis. Alimentos. Transmissao de precos. Negocios internacionais. Econometria.
Medicine at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games: the New Zealand health team

A medical team of 14 accompanied the New Zealand team to the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. The team comprised four doctors, seven physiotherapists, a sports psychologist, a chiropractor, and a massage therapist. In addition, two teams (cycling and women's hockey) had dedicated physiotherapists, and sailing brought their own massage therapist. The month long stay at the Games could be roughly divided into four one week periods. The first week involved the arrival of the medical team over the first weekend that the Games village was open. The sailing team arrived at a similar time and a few other athletes arrived during the week. This week was largely taken up with setting up the medical room in a bare basement area, reconnaissance of the village and Olympic site, attendance at training as required, and providing a service to those already in the …
Improved Structural Competitiveness or Deep Recession? On the recent macroeconomic rebalances in the EMU

One of the main problems facing the European Monetary Union is the macroeconomic imbalances between ‘core’ and ‘peripheral’ member states. Though they predated the union’s creation, these problems were highlighted between 1999 and the advent of the international financial crisis. One significant indicator of these imbalances is the often divergent trade and current account disequilibria of these two groups of countries. With the events of 2007-08 and the subsequent ‘flight to quality’ of financial capital, the current account deficits of ‘peripheral’ member states became unbearable. By the end of 2014, all ‘peripheral’ countries had eliminated or drastically reduced their deficits. We show that this result is more dependent on the contraction of their GDP and relative reduction in their average real wages than on a productivity increase in their economy. To reach this conclusion, the paper empirically describes the determinants of the structural evolution in trade and current account imbalances and then offers econometric evidence of the impact of different components of unit labor cost on net exports. Based on this evidence, the paper points out the fragility of the European adjustments and suggests some policy implications.
HORMONAL PROFILES IN LACTATING AND NON‐LACTATING WOMEN IMMEDIATELY AFTER DELIVERY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO BREAST ENGORGEMENT

Prolactin, human placental lactogen (HPL), oestrone, oestradiol and progesterone levels in plasma were measured before and during the first seven days after delivery in women who did not breast feed. The results confirmed the rapid clearance of placental steroids from the circulation after delivery. Plasma prolactin levels remained elevated during the early puerperium and the range of values were the same in non breast‐feeding women and a group of breast feeding women. Of the 25 women studied, six developed breast engorgement. No difference in hormonal profiles were found leading to the conclusion that there is no endocrine basis for breast engorgement in non‐breast feeding women.
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Loop 4 Dimeric Mimetics Activate ERK and AKT and Promote NGF-like Neurotrophic Effects*

Previous work indicating that nerve growth factor (NGF) protein loops 2 and 4 interact with TrkA receptors raise the possibility that small molecule mimetics corresponding to TrkA-interacting domains that have NGF agonist activity can be developed. We applied our previously developed strategy of dimeric peptidomimetics to address the hypothesis that loop 4 small molecule dimeric mimetics would activate TrkA-related signal transduction and mimic NGF neurotrophic effects in a structure-specific manner. A loop 4 cyclized peptide dimer demonstrated NGF-like neurotrophic activity, whereas peptides with scrambled sequence, added or substituted residues, or cyclized in monomeric form were inactive. Activity was blocked by the TrkA inhibitors K252a and AG879 but not by NGF p75 receptor blocking antibody. Dimeric, but not monomeric, peptides partially blocked NGF activity. This profile was consistent with that of a NGF partial agonist. ERK and AKT phosphorylation was stimulated only by biologically active peptides and was blocked by K252a. The ERK inhibitor U0126 blocked the neurite- but not the survival-promoting activity of both NGF and active peptide. These studies support the proof of concept that small molecule NGF loop 4 mimetics can activate NGF signaling pathways and can mimic death-preventing and neurite-promoting effects of NGF. This finding will guide the rational design of NGF single-domain mimetics and contribute to elucidating NGF signal transduction mechanisms.
Fitting the Log-Normal Distribution to Loss Data Subject to Multiple Deductibles

The application of deductibles to insurance claims yields a statistical sample of truncated loss amounts. The problem is compounded when a different deductible value may have been applied to each policy in the sample. This article develops a statistical procedure for fitting the Log-normal distribution to claims experience in which a different deductible amount may have been applied to each loss. Maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters and their asymptotic sampling distribution are derived. The method is illustrated by applying it to a sample of industrial fire insurance claims.
Recovery of cognitive function and mood after severe hypoglycemia in adults with insulin-treated diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Acute hypoglycemia in humans impairs cognitive functions and alters mood states. The time required for cognitive functions and moods to return to normal after an acute episode of severe hypoglycemia is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cognitive functions and moods were studied prospectively in 20 subjects with insulin-treated diabetes who had recently experienced a spontaneous episode of severe hypoglycemia ("hypo" subjects) and 20 matched control subjects with insulin-treated diabetes who had not experienced severe hypoglycemia during the preceding year. The hypo subjects had a history of a greater number of episodes of severe hypoglycemia (P = 0.000). Cognitive function tests and mood scales were administered at 1.5, 9, and 30 days after the severe hypoglycemia and at similar intervals for the control subjects. RESULTS For most of the cognitive tests, no evidence of a "hangover" effect of the acute hypoglycemia on cognitive function was observed (P > 0.05). A trend was noted for levels of hedonic tone (P = 0.082) and energetic arousal (P = 0.053) to improve with time in the hypo subjects but not in the control subjects. However, the hypo subjects had chronically elevated levels of depression (P = 0.011) and anxiety (P = 0.049) and persistently performed more poorly in several cognitive tests, such as the Digit Symbol Test (P = 0.009) and the Stroop Task (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in general, recovery from any acute cognitive decrement after severe hypoglycemia was complete by 1.5 days. The cognitive decrements and altered mood states noted in the hypo subjects may be persistent and may be a consequence of previous exposure to recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia.
The expression of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines by epithelial ovarian cancer decreases growth potential

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the main causes of cancer-associated mortality in females with gynecological malignancies. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) has previously been reported to be involved in tumor growth and the inhibition of tumor metastasis. However, the association between DARC and EOC remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of DARC in the SKOV3 human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line with the establishment of a subcutaneous model in nude mice. To investigate the effects of DARC on the tumorigenesis of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells, GV287-DARC-L.V lentiviral vectors containing a DARC overexpression construct were transfected into SKOV3 cells. The present study revealed that transfection with DARC reduced the viability of SKOV3 cells in vitro by performing an MTT assay. SKOV3-DARC and SKOV3-negative control (NC) cells cultured in vitro were injected into nude mice to establish a subcutaneous model. The ovarian tumor volumes and the tumor weights were observed. Immunohistochemistry to detect CD31 expression was used to determine the microvessel density (MVD) in SKOV3-DARC and SKOV3-NC tumors. The results of the present study revealed that DARC-induced inhibition of tumor growth was associated with MVD in xenograft tumors. This suggested that DARC was a negative regulator of tumor growth in EOC, primarily via the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
Performance of a very low power wireless protocol

The IEEE 802.11 standard falls short in meeting the low power requirements of many applications not directly associated with typical LAN (local area network) use. In 1998 the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory began research into a United States Navy program named reduced ships-crew by virtual presence (RSVP). This program calls for numerous battery-powered sensors to communicate wirelessly with a ship's wired backbone. These sensors must operate reliably for a period of 10 years without battery replacement. This paper compares the power performance of IEEE 802.11 against a Draper proprietary protocol in an environment characterized by low noise and slow-fast Rayleigh fading and shows that devices using the RSVP protocol can theoretically operate up to 100 times longer than those using the IEEE standard.
Behavioral response of Corophium volutator relative to experimental conditions, physical and chemical disturbances

The preference/avoidance behavioral response of a widely used amphipod in toxicity tests, Corophium volutator, was investigated in relation to the presence of anthropogenic physical or chemical materials in sediments. Exposure conditions, including the density of amphipods, the depth of sediments, amount of overlying water, and exposure time, were examined for their influence on amphipods' preference for field sediments and avoidance of coarse sand. It was shown that these variables did not affect the response; thus, conditions similar to published standard toxicity tests were chosen. A gradient of sediments spiked with potential habitat disturbances that can be found on a beach or in contaminated sediments, such as those in harbors, were tested. These substances included sand, seaweed, burned wood, coal, crankcase oil, and diesel oil. To enhance the interpretation of results and decrease the variability observed when tests were conducted at different times over the summer, exposures were performed over a gradient of spike material in reference sediments. We conclude that physical obstacles added to reference sediments lead to less correlation with the behavioral response than observed with chemical interferences. Amphipods' behavior ranked harbor sediments similarly to previous studies concerning the health of intertidal mussels collected in proximity to the sediments sites. For five sites, preference of reference sediments was observed until the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diluted harbor sediments reached the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment sediment quality guidelines.
Distinguishing β2‐glycoprotein I dependent (systemic lupus erythematosus type) and independent (syphilis type) anticardiolipin antibody with Tween 20

Summary We investigated whether or not the use of Tween 20 could help to distinguish β2‐glycoprotein I (GPI) independent anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) (syphilis‐type aCL) from GPI‐dependent aCL (SLE‐type aCL) in a GPI‐dependent/ independent aCL ELISA. aCL was positive in all 16 SLB patients arid all 15 syphilis patients, who were positive for aCL in the standard ELISA. in the GPI‐independent ELISA with Tween 20. GPI‐dependent aCL was detected in 12/16 SLE patients by the GPI‐dependent ELISA with Tween 20. aCL was not detected in any of the syphilis patients by GPI‐dependent ELISAs. On the basis of these results, we recommend that Tween 20 should be used in ELISAs to distinguish GPI‐dependent aCL from GPI‐independent aCL.