Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEDOT-based composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors

Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (denoted PEDOT) already has a brief history of being used as an active material in supercapacitors. It has many advantages such as low-cost, flexibility, and good electrical conductivity and pseudocapacitance. However, the major drawback is low stability, which means an obvious capacitance drop after a certain number of charge–discharge cycles. Another disadvantage is its limited capacitance and this becomes an issue for industrial applications. To solve these problems, there are several approaches including the addition of conducting nanofillers to increase conductivity, and mixing or depositing metal oxide to enhance capacitance. Furthermore, expanding the surface area of PEDOT is one of the main methods to improve its performance in energy storage applications through special processes; for example using a three-dimensional substrate or preparing PEDOT aerogel through freeze drying. This paper reviews recent techniques and outcomes of PEDOT based composites for supercapacitors, as well as detailed calculations about capacitances. Finally, this paper outlines the new direction and recent challenges of PEDOT based composites for supercapacitor applications.
Full Genome Sequences of Two Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses Contaminating Commercial Vaccines

Abstract Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) fragments are a common contaminant in some commercial vaccines such as fowl poxvirus (FPV) and Marek's disease virus. However, only those strains integrating or containing a near-intact REV provirus are more likely to cause problems in the field. We confirm here, by PCR assays and animal experiments, that vaccines against FPV and herpes virus of turkeys were contaminated with full genome sequences of REV. Further, we determined the complete proviral sequence of two REV isolates from contaminated vaccines. Two REV isolates (REV-99 and REV-06) present in the vaccines were both replication competent, and their proviral genome was 8286 nucleotides in length with two identical long terminal repeats (LTR). The complete genome in these two REV isolates shared 99.8% identity to APC-566 and fowl poxvirus REV proviral inserts (FPV-REV). REV-99 and REV-06 LTR showed over 99% identity to chicken syncytial virus (CSV), but an identity of only 75.8 % and 78.0%, respectively, to SNV. Alignments with other available REV gag, pol, and env sequences revealed high similarity at the nucleotide level. The results further indicated that the prototype CSV may be the most-important REV contaminant in the commercial vaccines, and distinct genotypes of REVs may cocirculate in chicken flocks of China at the present time.
Clinical impact of NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 mutations, FLASH deletion, and TCR status in pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.

PURPOSE Pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas (T-LBL) are commonly treated on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) -derived protocols. Therapeutic stratification based on response to the prephase treatment and on minimal residual disease assessment is well established in T-ALL but is not easy to extrapolate to T-LBL. The identification of molecular prognostic markers at diagnosis in T-LBL could provide an alternative for early therapeutic stratification. Our study determines the frequency and prognostic value of NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations (N/F(mut)), FLASH deletion at chromosome 6q, and TCR rearrangements in a prospective cohort of pediatric T-LBL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pathologic samples were obtained at diagnosis for 54 patients treated according to the EuroLB02 protocol in France. N/F(mut) were identified by direct sequencing and allelic dosage was used to detect FLASH and TCRγ deletions, which were interpreted in conjunction with TCRγ, TCRβ, and TCRδ rearrangements. RESULTS N/F(mut) were found in 55% of T-LBL patients, in whom they were associated with improved event-free survival (P < .01) and overall survival (P < .01). FLASH monoallelic deletions were observed in 18% of patients; they were predominantly N/F wild-type (six of nine) and tended to be of inferior prognosis (P = .09). Absence of biallelic TCRγ deletion (ABD) was seen in 7%, all of which were N/F(mut) and identified a poor prognosis group (P = .02). On multivariate analysis of N/F(mut), TCRγ ABD, and FLASH deletion, only N/F(mut) was an independent factor for good prognosis. CONCLUSION Mutational status of NOTCH1/FBXW7 represents a promising marker for early therapeutic stratification in pediatric T-LBL.
Physical Layer Secret Key Exchange Using Phase Randomization in MIMO-OFDM

In wireless communication systems, secret key is used to protect confidential transmission. The process of securely exchanging these key bits is critical. Most existing methods require cumbersome calculations which may not be appropriate for limited power devices. In this paper, we propose a physical layer key exchange method which transmits the key bits by encoding them within some phase randomization sequences that are selected according to a certain channel criterion. The phase randomization sequences only randomize the data phases and thus no efficiency reduction will be incurred. The proposed is demonstrated within the context of multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO- OFDM) system. The results reveal that, relative to existing techniques, this method offers superior performance and lower computational complexity.
On the Importance of Subject Matter in Mathematics Education: A Conversation with Erich Christian Wittmann.

Particularly in the second half of the 20th century, historical approaches became Erich Christian Wittmann is one of the primary founders of mathematics education research as an autonomous field of work and research in Germany. The interview reflects on his role in promoting mathematics education as a design science and its consequences as well as his view on current developments within the discipline and his activities.
The Proprotein Convertase (PC) PCSK9 Is Inactivated by Furin and/or PC5/6A

PCSK9 is the ninth member of the proprotein convertase (PC) family. Some of its natural mutations have been genetically associated with the development of a dominant form of familial hyper- or hypocholesterolemia. The exact mechanism of action of PCSK9 is not clear, although it is known to enhance the intracellular degradation of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in acidic compartments, likely the endosomes/lysosomes. We analyzed the post-translational modifications of PCSK9 and show that it is sulfated within its prosegment at Tyr38. We also examined the susceptibility of PCSK9 to proteolytic cleavage by the other members of the PC family. The data show that the natural gain-of-function mutations R218S, F216L, and D374Y associated with hypercholesterolemia result in total or partial loss of furin/PC5/6A processing at the motif RFHR218↓. In contrast, the loss-of-function mutations A443T and C679X lead either to the lack of trans-Golgi network/recycling endosome localization and an enhanced susceptibility to furin cleavage (A443T) or to the inability of PCSK9 to exit the endoplasmic reticulum (C679X). Furthermore, we report the presence of both native and furin-like cleaved forms of PCSK9 in circulating human plasma. Thus, we propose that PCSK9 levels are finely regulated by the basic amino acid convertases furin and PC5/6A. The latter may reduce the lifetime of this proteinase and its ability to degrade the cell-surface LDL receptor, thereby regulating the levels of circulating LDL cholesterol.
Importance sampled circuit learning ensembles for robust analog IC design

This paper presents ISCLEs, a novel and robust analog design method that promises to scale with Moorepsilas Law, by doing boosting-style importance sampling on digital-sized circuits to achieve the target analog behavior. ISCLEs consists of: (1) a boosting algorithm developed specifically for circuit assembly; (2) an ISCLEs-specific library of possible digital-sized circuit blocks; and (3) a recently-developed multi-topology sizing technique to automatically determine each blockpsilas topology and device sizes. ISCLEs is demonstrated on design of a sinusoidal function generator and a flash A/D converter, showing promise to robustly scale with shrinking process geometries.
Good segregation, bad segregation

Much of the literature on segregation is underlain by an implicit model which argues that groups start highly segregated in inner city locations and disperse over time. Parallel and related to this spatial pattern is the social process of assimilation. Groups start highly segregated and unassimilated and become dispersed and assimilated over time. The paper argues that there is a critical distinction between the black American ghetto and other forms of segregation. The ghetto is not part of a continuum of spatial distributions which begins in the inner city and ends in the suburbs three generations later; it is an end in itself. The black ghetto is different in kind from other forms of segregation. Nearly all of its members are black and nearly all the black population in American cities is in such locations. African American segregation has been almost continuously high during the twentieth century and has not diminished with socio-economic improvement. Ethnic enclaves of the Irish, Poles or other ethnic.
Reducing artifacts in one‐dimensional Fourier velocity encoding for fast and pulsatile flow

When evaluating the severity of valvular stenosis, the peak velocity of the blood flow is routinely used to estimate the transvalvular pressure gradient. One‐dimensional Fourier velocity encoding effectively detects the peak velocity with an ungated time series of spatially resolved velocity spectra in real time. However, measurement accuracy can be degraded by the pulsatile and turbulent nature of stenotic flow and the existence of spatially varying off‐resonance. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of improving the peak velocity detection capability of one‐dimensional Fourier velocity encoding for stenotic flow using a novel echo‐shifted interleaved readout combined with a variable‐density circular k‐space trajectory. The shorter echo and readout times of the echo‐shifted interleaved acquisitions are designed to reduce sensitivity to off‐resonance. Preliminary results from limited phantom and in vivo results also indicate that some artifacts from pulsatile flow appear to be suppressed when using this trajectory compared to conventional single‐shot readouts, suggesting that peak velocity detection may be improved. The efficiency of the new trajectory improves the temporal and spatial resolutions. To realize the proposed readout, a novel multipoint‐traversing algorithm is introduced for flexible and automated gradient‐waveform design. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear Control of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Distributed Generation System

Abstract As a rapid increase in electricity demand is observed globally, distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources is becoming important. This paper addresses with the problem of modeling and the nonlinear control of photovoltaic/fuel cell hybrid distributed generation system (PV/FC HDGS). The power circuit topology consists of two dc–dc boost-type converters and one inverter. The outputs of the two dc–dc converters are connected to a common dc bus. The control objective is threefold: (i) global asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop control system; (ii) achievement of MPPT of the PV array; (iii) ensuring a tight regulation of the dc-bus voltage. These objectives must be met despite changes of the climatic variables (temperature and radiation) and the power demand of the load. It is clearly shown, using formal analysis and simulations that the designed controller meets all the objectives.
Real-time 3D shape measurement system based on single structure light pattern

The objective of this paper is to propose a robust one shot structured light pattern for real time 3D shape inspection system. To reduce the influence of inspected part reflectance property and ambient light, the pattern is constructed by using monochromatic light. The corner of the chessboard is utilized as the primitive of the pattern since it can provide highly accurate position. Additionally, the orientation of the corner is used to encode the primitive of the pattern. Compared with ordinary two dimensional patterns, the pattern is developed in one dimension, along the epipolar line so that the search of the corresponding pixels between the projector and the camera is speeded up. Last, experiments were conducted to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the inspection system using the proposed pattern. The results demonstrate that the system has high accuracy performance.
A cross-linguistic model of the acquisition of inflectional morphology in English and modern Greek

We present a connectionist model of a general system for producing inflected words. The Multiple Inflection Generator (MIG) combines elements of several previous models (e.g., association between phonological representations of stem and inflection form: Rumelhart & McClelland, 1986; multiple inflections for a grammatical class: Hoeffner & McClelland, 1993; lexical-semantic input: Joanisse & Seidenberg, 1999; multiple grammatical classes: Plunkett & Juola, 1999). MIG assumes that the goal of the morphological component of the language system is to output a phonological form appropriate to the grammatical context in which the word appears. Our aim was to demonstrate that the model is able to capture developmental patterns in the acquisition of morphology in two different languages: one with a simple morphological system (English), and one characterized by rich morphology and absence of default forms (Modern Greek).
Effects of Preferential and Meritorious Selection on Performance: An Examination of Intuitive and Self-Handicapping Perspectives

Research has documented pervasive adverse consequences of preferential selection for women's self-evaluations of ability and performance. However, virtually no research has examined the effects of selection processes on actual performance. It was theorized that the effects of preferential and meritorious selection on performance are moderated by task conceptualization. Females were told that they were assigned to a position because of either merit (they purportedly passed a qualifying test) or preference (they were female) and that task performance required either effort or inherent capability. Preferentially selected women performed better when they believed the task required capability rather than effort; meritoriously selected individuals displayed the opposite pattern. In addition, preferentially selected subjects evaluated specific components of their performance effectiveness more poorly than meritoriously selected subjects. Self-evaluations of overall performance were unaffected by the manipulations. Results are interpreted using research on self-handicapping and recipient reactions to aid.
Discovering playing patterns: Time series clustering of free-to-play game data

The classification of time series data is a challenge common to all data-driven fields. However, there is no agreement about which are the most efficient techniques to group unlabeled time-ordered data. This is because a successful classification of time series patterns depends on the goal and the domain of interest, i.e. it is application-dependent. In this article, we study free-to-play game data. In this domain, clustering similar time series information is increasingly important due to the large amount of data collected by current mobile and web applications. We evaluate which methods cluster accurately time series of mobile games, focusing on player behavior data. We identify and validate several aspects of the clustering: the similarity measures and the representation techniques to reduce the high dimensionality of time series. As a robustness test, we compare various temporal datasets of player activity from two free-to-play video-games. With these techniques we extract temporal patterns of player behavior relevant for the evaluation of game events and game-business diagnosis. Our experiments provide intuitive visualizations to validate the results of the clustering and to determine the optimal number of clusters. Additionally, we assess the common characteristics of the players belonging to the same group. This study allows us to improve the understanding of player dynamics and churn behavior.
Job/Work Environment Factors Influencing Training Transfer within a Human Service Agency: Some Indicative Support for Baldwin and Ford's Transfer Climate Construct

Despite significant progress in the field of training transfer research over the past two decades very little empirical research in the area has been conducted within human service organisations. As a result, our knowledge of the extent to which those factors posited within the training literature to influence the transfer of training are necessarily those found in these particular work settings very much remains in its infancy. This article presents findings from qualitative research that was undertaken as part of a wider training evaluation strategy to investigate (1) those factors which influenced the transfer of training within a UK social services department; and (2) how these factors compared or differed from those suggested within the literature as influencing training transfer. The findings suggest a range of specific factors as they pertain to both the nature of the jobs and the workplace within such work settings as mediating training transfer. However, a number of these were closely associated with the dimensions of social support and opportunity to use as posited within Baldwin and Ford's (1988) transfer of training model, suggesting that the model is potentially generalisable to human service agencies.
Tec Kinases Itk and Rlk Are Required for CD8+ T Cell Responses to Virus Infection Independent of Their Role in CD4+ T Cell Help1

Itk and Rlk are members of the Tec kinase family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases that are expressed in T cells, NK cells, and mast cells. These proteins are involved in the regulation of signaling processes downstream of the TCR in CD4+ T cells, particularly in the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ1 after TCR activation; furthermore, both Itk and Rlk are important in CD4+ T cell development, differentiation, function, and homeostasis. However, few studies have addressed the roles of these kinases in CD8+ T cell signaling and function. Using Itk−/− and Itk−/−Rlk−/− mice, we examined the roles of these Tec family kinases in CD8+ T cells, both in vitro and in vivo. These studies demonstrate that the loss of Itk and Rlk impairs TCR-dependent signaling, causing defects in phospholipase C-γ1, p38, and ERK activation as well as defects in calcium flux and cytokine production in vitro and expansion and effector cytokine production by CD8+ T cells in response to viral infection. These defects cannot be rescued by providing virus-specific CD4+ T cell help, thereby substantiating the important role of Tec kinases in CD8+ T cell signaling.
On the Advantage over Random for Maximum Acyclic Subgraph

In this paper we present a new approximation algorithm for the Max Acyclic Subgraph problem. Given an instance where the maximum acyclic subgraph contains 1/2 + delta fraction of all edges, our algorithm finds an acyclic subgraph with 1/2 + Omega(delta/ log n) fraction of all edges.
What sample sizes are needed to get correct significance levels for log-linear models? - A Monte Carlo Study using the SPSS-procedure "Hiloglinear"

Pearson's 2 ! and the Likelihood-ratio statistic 2 G are the most common and widely used test statistics for log-linear models. They are both asymptotically distributed as chi-squared variables. The present article reports the results of a Monte-Carlo study which compares the two test statistics for two-, three- and four-dimensional contingency tables, employing conditions which may be judged reasonable for psychological research and using one of the most prominent computer programs (SPSS "Hiloglinear"). Our results are consistent with previous research in that, on the whole, Pearson's 2 ! behaves
Multiple Unemployment Equilibria: Do Transitory Shocks Have Permanent Effects?

We adapt the multiple equilibria approach to characterize the behaviour of Norwegian unemployment since 1972. This approach may be associated with unemployment hysteresis as a nonlinear phenomenon. In this nonlinear framework transitory shocks may cause a transition from one equilibrium to another and thus have permanent e®ects on economic activity. A Markov regime switching model and a LSTAR model are employed to take account of possible multiple equilibria and of an asymmetric response to positive and negative shocks. The empirical results are supportive of these contentions.
The Internal Structure of Sociology Departments: The Role of Graduate Students and Other Groups.

It is possible to understand the social dynamics of academic sociology departments only once the set of groupings within each department have been delineated and the relations between each analyzed. In this paper such a structural analysis is attempted, with the analytical approach stressing the competition among the groupings for control over resources and symbolic capital. The paper focuses on the particular complex role within which graduate students are placed and the constraints imposed by and the opportunities opened by this structural location.
Based on multiscale permutation entropy analysis dynamic characteristics of EEG recordings

In this study, a novel feature extraction called entropy is proposed for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of electroencephalogram(EEG). Meanwhile, the linear discriminant analysis(LDA) is used in the classification of EEG signals. The entropy values are calculated using the multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) method, in order to evaluate their performances in terms of classification accuracy, the experiment is implemented using different EEG signals. When all EEGs can be divided into three groups of healthy segments, epileptic seizure-free segments, and epileptic seizure segments, the classification accuracy is as high as 93%. The experiments show that the LDA-based multiscale permutation entropy approach achieves higher classification accuracy rates than the that of single-scale permutation entropy (PE) approach, and MPE can reveal the hidden characteristics of EEG signals.
Telemedicine, Telehealth and m-Health: New Frontiers in Medical Practice

Telemedicine is changing the practice of medicine. It is part of the ever-growing use of communications technology in health care being used in prevention, disease management, home health care, long-term (chronic) care, emergency medicine, remote medical imaging, and many other applications. The pace at which telemedicine is being adopted and integrated into the healthcare enterprise is exponential and, for many (even those in the field! ), it is often difficult to keep up with all of the changes occurring. Thus, it is useful periodically to stand back and summarize recent advances, to take stock, analyze where we have been, and project where we are headed. [. ].