Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Occurrence of Glycoalkaloids in Potato and Potato Products

There has been increasing consumption of potato products such as French fries and crisps in most countries as a result of lifestyle change in both developed and developing countries. Due to their generally pleasurable taste and texture, they are appreciated by a high number of consumers across the world, with the younger members of the population mostly those in the urban areas having a higher preference. The hard economic situations have also driven many people to their consumption as they are affordable. Moreover, these products are convenient for the younger generation who do not prepare their own food. However, there have been food safety concerns that have been linked in the past to glycoalkaloids in the raw potatoes that are used for processing. Potatoes are known to accumulate glycoalkaloids (GAs) during growth and postharvest storage. Some potato varieties have been shown to have high glycoalkaloids. These toxicants have been found to bioaccumulate in the body especially if daily consumption of foods containing the glycoalkaloids are consumed. Glycoalkaloids lead to intestinal discomfort, vomiting, fever, diarrhea and neurological problems and can lead to human or animal deaths in cases of acute toxicity. Transportation, handling, poor storage and exposure to sunlight during marketing of potatoes exposes consumers to potential risk of glycoalkaloids due to injury and greening which lead to increased levels of glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloids are quite stable and therefore, freeze-drying, boiling, dehydration or microwaving have got limited effect and thus persist through the processing conditions into the final products with the levels being proportional to the concentrations in the raw materials used. This current review focuses on the occurrence of glycoalkakloids in potato and potato products that are commonly consumed.
INTERACTIONAL MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCK-SUBSTRATE-ROOT SYSTEM

Substrate-root system complex (SRSC) is the main functional part of the eco-engineering for rock slope protection. It is important content for eco-engineering mechanism exploration to evaluate the interactional characteristics of SRSC quantification ally by mechanics. This paper discusses the interactional mechanics characteristics of SRSC from experiment. The shear and tensile strength of SRSC and the shear strength between complex and rock are both studied;the relationship of shear and tensile strength and factors of root amount and water content are also researched;the effects of time scale is discussed in the end. The results show that the shear resistance between SRSC and rock consists of friction and biotic force. The shear strength decreases with water content increasing while reduces with root amount increasing. They represent logarithm functional relationship. Water content influences on both friction and biotic force,but the latter is the main influenced aspect. The complex has tensile strength due to root system. The tensile strength increases with root amount enhancing while decreases with water content increasing. They represent relatively notable functional relationship. The reinforced effect and friction enhance with root amount increasing,whereas reduce with water content increasing. The relationship between shear strength(τ) and vertical pressure(σ) accords to Coulomb law. Besides general physical significance of shear strength indexes,? and c include the effect of root system. In the case of the same water content and vertical pressure,shear strength and root amount represent exponential functional relationship. The values of ? and c increase with the total amount of root system enhancing. So the shear strength of complex will be elevated markedly. In the case of the same root amount and vertical pressure,shear strength and water content represent power functional relationship. The values of ? and c decrease with water content enhancing. So the shear strength of complex will decline. The interactional mechanical characteristics of the rock-substrate-root system exhibit a significant time scale effect with plant developing,and it gets stable after 5 months of seeding when Cynodon dactylon is concerned. It is an essential support to renew the theory of the eco-engineering for rock slope protection and to apply it.
Bayesian Analysis of Evolutionary Divergence with Genomic Data Under Diverse Demographic Models

We present a new Bayesian method for estimating demographic and phylogenetic history using population genomic data. Several key innovations are introduced that allow the study of diverse models within an Isolation with Migration framework. For the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) phase of the analysis, we use a reduced state space, consisting of simple coalescent trees without migration paths, and a simple importance sampling distribution without demography. Migration paths are analytically integrated using a Markov chain as a representation of genealogy. The new method is scalable to a large number of loci with excellent MCMC mixing properties. Once obtained, a single sample of trees is used to calculate the joint posterior density for model parameters under multiple diverse demographic models, without having to repeat MCMC runs. As implemented in the computer program MIST, we demonstrate the accuracy, scalability and other advantages of the new method using simulated data and DNA sequences of two common chimpanzee subspecies: Pan troglodytes troglodytes (P. t.) and P. t. verus.
The home food environment of overweight gatekeepers in the Netherlands

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to gain insight into (i) processed snack-food availability, (ii) processed snack-food salience and (iii) the size of dinnerware among households with overweight gatekeepers. Moreover, associations between gatekeepers’ characteristics and in-home observations were determined. Design A cross-sectional observation of home food environments was conducted as part of a baseline measurement of a larger study. Setting Home food environments of overweight and obese gatekeepers in the Netherlands. Subjects Household gatekeepers (n 278). Mean household size of the gatekeepers was 3·0 (sd 1·3) persons. Mean age of the gatekeepers was 45·7 (sd 9·2) years, 34·9 % were overweight and 65·1 % were obese. Of the gatekeepers, 20·9 % had a low level of education and 42·7 % had a high level of education. Results In 70 % of the households, eight or more packages of processed snack foods were present. In 54 % of the households, processed snack foods were stored close to non-processed food items and in 78 % of households close to non-food items. In 33 % of the households, processed snack foods were visible in the kitchen and in 15 % of the households processed snack foods were visible in the living room. Of the dinnerware items, 14 % (plates), 57 % (glasses), 78 % (dessert bowls), 67 % (soup bowls) and 58 % (mugs) were larger than the reference norms of the Netherlands Nutrition Centre Foundation. Older gatekeepers used significantly smaller dinnerware than younger gatekeepers. Conclusions Environmental factors endorsing overconsumption are commonly present in the home environments of overweight people and could lead to unplanned eating or passive overconsumption.
Triarchic Model Personality Traits and Their Impact on Mock Juror Perceptions of a White-Collar Criminal Defendant

ABSTRACT The triarchic model of psychopathy proposes that this personality disorder is composed of 3 relatively distinct constructs: meanness, disinhibition, and boldness. Although the first 2 components are widely accepted, boldness has generated considerable theoretical debate concerning its relevance—largely due to its association with various ostensibly adaptive characteristics and socially desirable behaviors (e.g., self-reported heroism). But is being bold actually perceived by others as an intrinsically adaptive, socially desirable personality trait? We investigated this question using a novel approach—a jury simulation study that manipulated the level of triarchic traits exhibited by a white-collar criminal. More specifically, 330 community members read a vignette in which the defendant's degree of boldness and disinhibition was manipulated and then provided sentence recommendations and other evaluative ratings. As hypothesized, manipulating boldness and disinhibition resulted in more negative views of the defendant, with the boldness manipulation more consistently predicting higher global psychopathy, “meanness,” and “evil” ratings. Surprisingly, neither manipulation predicted sentence recommendations, although higher global psychopathy ratings did correlate with more punitive sentence recommendations. The presence of personality traits construed in some contexts as advantageous or socially desirable can be perceived as more dysfunctional and undesirable in other contexts—particularly when they cooccur with criminal behavior.
Feasibility of information-centric networking integration into LTE mobile networks

With the current growth of mobile devices usage, mobile networks struggle to deliver content with an acceptable Quality of Experience. In this paper, we propose the integration of Information Centric Networking into 3GPP Long Term Evolution mobile networks, allowing its inherent caching feature to be explored in close proximity to the end users by deploying components inside the evolved Node B. Apart from the advantages brought by Information-Centric Networking's content requesting paradigm, its inherent caching features enable lower latencies to access content and reduce traffic at the core network. Results show that the impact on the evolved Node B performance is low and advantages coming from Information-Centric Networking are considerable. Thus, mobile network operators reduce operational costs and users end up with a higher perceived network quality even in peak utilization periods.
VISCOELASTIC DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF ASPHALT BASED ON CREEP TEST

The creep tests of asphalt beam were carried out at different temperatures by using Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). The creep compliance curves were obtained. By shifting, the shift factors are deduced by Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation and the creep compliance master curve clusters are obtained at different temperatures. A viscoelastic damage model is established by coupling the continuum damage factor into the Burgers viscoelastic model. The distribution of the asphalt inner flaw is described by Weibull function. The theoretical model shows good agreement with the experiment results, which indicates that it is necessary to consider the influence of damage effect during the evaluations of asphalt viscoelastic characteristics.
Automatic region-of-interest detection and prioritisation for visually optimised coding of low bit rate videos

The increasing popularity of video consumption from mobile devices requires an effective video coding strategy. To overcome diverse communication networks, video services often need to maintain sustainable quality when the available bandwidth is limited. One of the strategy for a visually-optimised video adaptation is by implementing a region-of-interest (ROI) based scalability, whereby important regions can be encoded at a higher quality while maintaining sufficient quality for the rest of the frame. The result is an improved perceived quality at the same bit rate as normal encoding, which is particularly obvious at the range of lower bit rate. However, because of the difficulties of predicting region-of-interest (ROI) accurately, there is a limited research and development of ROI-based video coding for general videos. In this paper, the phase spectrum quaternion of Fourier Transform (PQFT) method is adopted to determine the ROI. To improve the results of ROI detection, the saliency map from the PQFT is augmented with maps created from high level knowledge of factors that are known to attract human attention. Hence, maps that locate faces and emphasise the centre of the screen are used in combination with the saliency map to determine the ROI. The contribution of this paper lies on the automatic ROI detection technique for coding a low bit rate videos which include the ROI prioritisation technique to give different level of encoding qualities for multiple ROIs, and the evaluation of the proposed automatic ROI detection that is shown to have a close performance to human ROI, based on the eye fixation data.
Comparative in vitro and in vivo effects of chlorpyrifos oxon in the outbred CD‐1 mouse (Mus musculus) and great plains toad (Anaxyrus cognatus)

We compared biochemical, functional, and behavioral responses to the organophosphorus anticholinesterase chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) in mice (Mus musculus, CD‐1) and toads (Anaxyrus cognatus, Great Plains toad). Toads were substantially less sensitive to acute lethality of CPO based on the maximum tolerated (nonlethal) dose (toads, 77 mg/kg; mice, 5.9 mg/kg). Sublethal exposures led to classical signs of toxicity (increased involuntary movements, autonomic secretions) in mice but hypoactivity in toads. Motor performance in an inclined plane test was not affected by CPO in mice but was altered at the highest dosage in toads. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase, monoacylglycerol lipase, and fatty acid amide hydrolase activities in brain were inhibited in mice but not in toads, and fatty acid amide hydrolase activity in the liver was inhibited in both species. Toad brain AChE was less sensitive to in vitro inhibition by CPO (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50; 20 min, 37 °C], 101 vs 7.8 nM; IC50 [20 min, 26 °C], 149 vs 6.2 nM), and studies of inhibitor kinetics indicated substantially lower anticholinesterase potency of CPO against the toad brain enzyme. Using an in vitro indirect inhibition assay, preincubation of CPO with toad brain homogenate was more effective than an equivalent mouse brain homogenate at reducing CPO potency. These data suggest that the relatively low sensitivity of toads to cholinergic toxicity is based on the low sensitivity of brain AChE, which in turn may be attributable to more effective target‐site detoxification. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1898–1906. © 2018 SETAC
From clinical observations and molecular dissection to novel therapeutic strategies for primary immunodeficiency disorders

The field of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) is rapidly expanding with more than 300 genetically defined disorders that have been clinically described and molecularly analyzed. The molecular dissection of these entities has led to the discovery of new immunologic pathways and to novel and effective disease‐specific therapies. This review provides a summary of these primary immune defects categorized by clinical phenotype and molecular similarity as defined by the International Union of Immunologic Societies (IUIS) Expert Committee for PID. In this synopsis, we discuss the molecular basis of various categories of PIDs including, but not limited to, severe combined immunodeficiencies, primary antibody deficiencies, immune dysregulation syndromes, as well as defects of the innate immune system such as phagocytic abnormalities, autoinflammatory fever syndromes, and complement deficiencies. We have attempted to focus on current strategies to prevent complications, ameliorate symptoms, or cure these disorders by promptly using antimicrobial therapies, immunoglobulin replacement, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, we will explore novel therapies such as molecularly targeted immunosuppression with monoclonal antibodies and specific immunomodulatory agents. Finally, we address experimental therapies targeting specific molecular defects, including gene therapy and gene editing.
Corner detection based real-time workpiece recognition for robot manipulation

Workpiece recognition is vital and essential for robot manipulation which is one of the most important skills for robot. In this paper, we present a corner detection based strategy to recognize the type of workpiece so as to offer important visual cues for robot manipulation. Our framework works by three steps. Firstly, the bounding-box of workpiece is detected using a multi-scale convolutional neural network according to the closed regions (enclosed by edges). Secondly, three types of corners (Y-type, A-type and L-type) are detected by employing a simple neural network and the results are further refined according to both the detection probability and geometric relationship between corners. Finally, the type of workpiece is recognized on the basis of the relative position of corners. Due to that the workpiece detection step greatly reduces the searching space for the corner detection, a real-time process is achieved. Another important characteristic of our method lies in that the detected corners can be further used as basic modelling element in reconstructing the 3D structure of the workpiece, which is beneficial for the robot to decide the grasping position and pose. With the PKU-HR6.0 platform, a manipulation controller is established based on the proposed approach. Experimental results show that our approach is comparable with some state-of-the-art work in precision of recognition, and our PKU-HR6.0 robot is able to precisely recognize and locate the Tetris-shaped building blocks so that to well accomplish the manipulation tasks.
Centennial perspective on human adaptability.

The framework of adaptation and natural selection has been central to the discipline of biological (physical) anthropology since its inception. Yet, for much of the early part of the twentieth century, research in the field (and on the pages of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology) focused heavily on anatomical/morphological descriptions, often from a racial or taxonomic perspective (Goldstein, 1940:208). Indeed, it is not until the l950s and 1960s that we see the clear development of the subfield of human adaptability, focused on understanding how contemporary human populations adapt/respond to variation in ecological/environmental circumstances. Prior to this, most of the work on human adaptation to environmental stressors was conducted by environmental physiologists (see Adolph, 1947; Monge, 1948) and nutritional scientists (Crile & Quiring 1939; Heinbecker 1928, 1931). During the 1960s, the establishment of the International Biological Programme (IBP; 1964–1974; Worthington, 1975) helped to create the framework for the development of “human adaptability” as a distinctive research domain. The goal of the IBP was to initiate and coordinate large-scale studies of the structure and function of diverse ecosystems around the world. Within the IBP, research on human biological variation was carried out as part of the Human Adaptability Program (HAP), one of seven program areas created in 1965. The IBP-HAP fostered some of the first long-term studies of adaptive strategies among indigenous human populations living in a range of extreme environments, including the arctic (Milan, 1980a), and high altitude regions (Baker & Little, 1976; Baker, 1978). Moreover, as I discuss below, it helped to shape the arc of human adaptability research in biological anthropology over the last 501 years, and where the field stands today. In this centennial perspective, I will first explore the early trends in research on contemporary human biology in the AJPA through the 1950s, and then discuss the development of the human adaptability paradigm as part of the IBP-HAP during the 1960s and 1970s. Next, I examine how the domain of human adaptability has grown and changed over the last half century by highlighting the trajectory of research in several areas that now dominate the field, including: (1) adaptation to climatic stressors (climate body morphology, adaptation to cold stress, and adaptation to high altitude), (2) biocultural perspectives on human biology, and (3) life history perspectives (reproductive ecology, ecology of immune function, and developmental origins). Finally, I assess the major advances in the field and offer suggestions on directions for future work.
Forecasting method of aero-material consumption rate based on seasonal ARIMA model

It is indispensable to scientifically predict the consumption of aero-material and to make scientific decisions on aviation equipment maintenance resources and make full use of existing resources to improve maintenance capability. In the process of aviation equipment maintenance and support, the consumption of aero-material tends to show a seasonal change. This paper proposes a seasonal ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model to solve the problem of aero-material consumption rate forecasting. Then the mathematical model and calculation method of the seasonal ARIMA are introduced in detail. And the application of seasonal ARIMA model in forecasting the aero-material consumption rate is analyzed by examples. The results demonstrate that the approach of this article has high precision and reliability which could provide data support for the reliability maintenance and replacement of aero-material.
Rating cooperative driving: A scheme for behavior assessment

The potential of cooperative automated driving to increase traffic flow efficiency and safety has awakened broad interest. Although research in this field is increasing and algorithms are varied, existing literature lacks an accepted taxonomy of cooperative automated driving and cooperative driving systems remain unrated. This paper introduces a novel structure to make cooperative automated driving rateable and further classifies existing works on cooperative behavior. The novel structure and the benefits of different cooperation modes are illustrated by several use cases.
Real time multimodal system based on electrooculography and image processing

The present paper focuses on a multimodal system based on electrooculography, image processing, and speech recognition for simple and real-time controlling of robotic systems such as manipulators. Electrooculogram was based on voluntary eye movements and processed by thresholds; the average accuracy obtained was about 75%. Two real-time and simple algorithms are presented for image processing and speech recognition. Color segmentation successfully recognizes red, green, and blue objects. The algorithm used for speech processing represents the correlation of frequency domain for the desired word with the source words. The average accuracy of this algorithm is 90%. It is used for achieving higher degrees of freedom and commanding to the system in order for confirmation and next step recognition. Four different multimodal architectures were designed as combinations of electrooculography, image processing, and speech processing algorithms. Simulation of the architectures combines human vision (EOG) and robot vision (image processing) in one system to improve accuracy, operation speed, degrees of freedom, orientation efficiency, target recognition, and the accuracy of robot's gripper distance adjustment. At last one of the architectures is implemented on a two degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator to evaluate system operation speed and capability. The results indicated that the architectures control the system in a highly efficient manner. It can be thus concluded that a multimodal system based on EOG and image processing improves the accuracy and reliability of rehabilitation and industrial systems with high operation speed.