Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An effective tumor detection in MR brain images based on deep CNN approach: i-YOLOV5

ABSTRACT With the advent of computer technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) aids radiologists to diagnosis the Brain Tumor (BT). Early detection of diseases can be increased in health care leads to further treatments, wherein the typical application of AI systems performs a vital role in terms of time and money savings. Magnetic Resonance (MR) images are enhanced with image enhancement techniques to improve contrast and color accuracy. Besides, traditional methods uncompensated for problems with the several types of MR imaging for BT. Deep learning techniques can be extended to help overcome the common problems encountered in conventional tumor detection methods. Therefore, in this work, an improvised YOLOV5 technique have been proposed for BT detection based on MR images. Eventually, the idea of Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) is applied using Hybrid Grid Search Optimizer Algorithm (HGSOA) to enhance the performance of the tumor detection viz tuning of hyper parameters in proposed deep neural network. To evaluate the effectiveness of proposed model, McCulloch’s algorithm is used to localize images for tumor region segmentation, and the segmentation result is also checked with truth annotated images. Various experiments were conducted to measure the accuracy of proposed fine-tuned model using MW brain test images. Finally, classification metrics including, MSE, PSNR, SSIM, FSIM, and CPU time are compared with existing state-of-the-art techniques to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model. In the taxonomy of MRI-BT, greater precision was achieved by CNN.
Three-dimensional curvelets for coherent vortex analysis of turbulence

This letter presents a multiscale geometric method based on three-dimensional (3D) second-generation curvelet transform to extract coherent vortices out of 3D turbulent flows. Since the platelike elements of 3D curvelets satisfy the 3D parabolic scaling, and since they form a sparse basis, they optimally represent singular surfaces in three dimensions. This method preserves the edges and structures of extracted vortex tubes better than the conventional wavelets. The effectiveness of the present method is demonstrated in the case of simulation data of 3D homogeneous isotropic turbulence.
Femtosecond pulse shaping as analytic tool in mass spectrometry of complex polyatomic systems

An additional dimension to mass spectrometric studies on building blocks of proteins is discussed in this paper. The present approach is based on tailored femtosecond laser pulses, using the concept of strong-field pulse shaping in an adaptive feedback loop. We show that control strategies making use of coherent properties of the electromagnetic wave allow one to break pre-selected backbone bonds in amino acid complexes that may be regarded as peptide model systems. Studies on different chromophores, such as phenylalanine and alanine, while keeping the backbone structure unchanged elucidates the effect of the excitation dynamics on the relaxation pathways. The observation of protonated species in the corresponding mass spectra indicates that optimal control of ultrafast laser pulses may even be useful to study intramolecular reactions such as hydrogen- or proton-transfer in particular cases. This opens new perspectives for biophysical and biochemical research, since these photochemical reactions are suggested to explain, e.g. photostability of DNA.
Effect of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray intake on in vivo methane (CH4) emission and milk production in dual-purpose cows in the Colombian Amazonian piedmont

Abstract The inclusion of Tithonia diversifolia in pasture-based diets is a promising alternative to increase bovine productivity, due to its chemical composition and wide adaptation, but there are few in vivo studies to determine its effect on methane yield and animal production in grazing systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the T. diversifolia inclusion in a basal diet of Brachiaria humidicola on methane (CH4) emissions by enteric fermentation, and on milk yield and quality in dual-purpose cows. The polytunnel technique was used for the determination of methane yield and two diets were evaluated (Diet 1: Brachiaria humidicola 100%; Diet 2: T. diversifolia 15% + B. humidicola 85% dry matter basis) in the moderate rainy and rainy seasons using a cross-over experimental design; milk production was measured by daily milk weighing, and milk quality was determined using a LACTOSCAN analyzer. The inclusion of T. diversifolia did not increase the dry matter intake (P = 0.369), but increased the intake of crude protein and minerals, and reduced fiber intake, resulting in the increased yield of milk and its components in the moderate rainy season (P = 0.012). The inclusion of T. diversifolia reduced the absolute CH4 emissions (P = 0.016), Ym and emission intensity (per unit of fat, protein and kilogram fat and protein corrected milk yields) both in the moderate rainy and rainy seasons (P < 0.05). We conclude that the inclusion of T. diversifolia in the forage feed base in the humid tropics such as the Amazon piedmont can be used as a tool to both mitigate enteric CH4 emissions and to increase animal productivity and hence reduce emissions intensity, and thus reduce pressure on the agricultural frontier in critical areas such as the Amazon.
Systematic robustness analysis of least squares mobile robot velocity estimation using a regular polygonal optical mouse array

This paper presents the robust velocity estimation of an omnidirectional mobile robot using a regular polygonal array of optical mice that are installed at the bottom of a mobile robot. First, the velocity kinematics from a mobile robot to an array of optical mice is derived, from which the least squares estimation of the mobile robot velocity is obtained as the simple average of the optical mouse velocity readings. Second, it is shown that a redundant number of optical mice contributes to the robustness of the least squares mobile robot velocity estimation against both measurement noises and partial malfunction of optical mice. Third, the sensitivity analysis of the least squares mobile robot velocity estimation to imprecise installation of optical mice is made, from which a practical method of optical mouse position calibration is devised. Finally, some experimental results using commercial optical mice are given to demonstrate the validity and performance of the proposed mobile robot velocity estimation.
Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor for the Direct Dehydrogenation of Propane: Proof of Concept

In this work, the fluidized bed membrane reactor (FBMR) technology for the direct dehydrogenation of propane (PDH) was demonstrated at a laboratory scale. Double-skinned PdAg membranes were used to selectively remove H2 during dehydrogenation tests over PtSnK/Al2O3 catalyst under fluidization. The performance of the fluidized bed membrane reactor was experimentally investigated and compared with the conventional fluidized bed reactor (FBR) by varying the superficial gas velocity over the minimum fluidization velocity under fixed operating conditions (i.e., 500 °C, 2 bar and feed composition of 30vol% C3H8-70vol% N2). The results obtained in this work confirmed the potential for improving the PDH performance using the FBMR system. An increase in the initial propane conversion of c.a. 20% was observed, going from 19.5% in the FBR to almost 25% in the FBMR. The hydrogen recovery factor displayed a decrease from 70% to values below 50%, due to the membrane coking under alkene exposure. Despites this, the hydrogen extraction from the reaction environment shifted the thermodynamic equilibrium of the dehydrogenation reaction and achieved an average increase of 43% in propylene yields.
Fluctuation strength on real sound: Motorbike exhaust and marimba tremolo

Psychoacoustics research has been contributed on evaluating the timbre of acoustic signals. The Fluctuation Strength (FS) has been respected as the important index which describes the sensory fluctuation of the acoustic signal based on its amplitude, frequency and the combination of them as well. Although FS has been calculated by tremor components on acoustic signals, here points out not only the inappropriateness of the calculation when simply based on literatures but also a method which focuses on the shape of the waveform in order to extract parameters from it, so that the FS is newly calculated by our original method with estimation results of the subjective scores of sensory fluctuation. Signals dealt with are motorbike exhaust sounds and tremolo played by marimba. The developed method is then applied to the design of an electric vehicle approaching sound for pedestrians in order to let pedestrians notice the approaching car without rising up the sensory loudness, on which designed sounds have a flu.
Recent Progress of Supercontinuum Generation in Nanophotonic Waveguides

Supercontinuum (SC) has opened up possibilities for numerous applications in optical communications, signal processing, metrology, and spectroscopy. Supercontinuum generation (SCG) in the integrated nonlinear platforms has attracted much interest recently, due to its fundamental advantages in terms of complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatibility, low power consumption, compact size, and cost‐effectiveness. In this paper, the latest progress on various types of nanophotonic waveguides for SCG is reviewed. The material properties of silicon, germanium, silicon–germanium alloy, silicon nitride, silica, chalcogenide, III–V materials, lithium niobate, and other materials, which are used as nonlinear media for SCG are discussed. The wavelength‐dependent nonlinear Kerr index, material, and nonlinear loss of the waveguides are taken into account. This review mainly focuses on the SCG resulting from the cubic χ(3) nonlinearity processes pumped by the femtosecond pulse. The recent representative SCG works based on the integrated optical waveguides are summarized, and further classified according to the dispersion characteristics. Furthermore, different types of spectra broadening mechanisms in details according to the classifications are analyzed. Perspectives on the SC spectral coverage, the realization of various dispersion curves, and the novel materials, which are the key aspects of the SCG in nanophotonic waveguides are provided.
A graph theoretic approach to the investigation of system‐environment relationships†

For any empirical structure consisting of a system S and its environment E, there is an associated digraph D whose points and arcs (directed lines) correspond to the elements and relationships of the structure. The arcs of D are thus of four types: (1) internal arcs, which join two points of S; (b) external arcs, which join two points of E; (c) out‐liaisons of S, which join a point of S to one of E; and (d) in‐liaisons of S, which join a point of E to one of S. The boundary of S is defined as the subgraph of D induced by the liaisons of S and corresponds to those elements and relationships of the structure directly involved in transactions between the system and its environment. The basic structural properties of boundaries are then identified, and it is shown how the points of S and E can be stratified according to their distances to (or from) the boundary of S. Next, several results are derived concerning system‐environment relationships in structures whose digraphs are symmetric, transitive, or signed.
Functional nanomaterial based membrane in membrane distillation for water reclamation

Membrane technologies have been expanded to treat seawater, brine water, wastewater, and polluted water to provide clean water. In membrane distillation (MD) application, a membrane with low surface free energy is preferable to prevent membrane wetting. Thus, the pristine mem- brane was often modified with functional material to enhance the membrane performance during operation. In this paper, the mechanism of MD is briefly described according to different mem- brane configurations. Additionally, case studies for pilot plant MD were discussed. This is followed by the membrane fabrication techniques, functional material used for membrane modification and application of functional membrane in MD system. Finally, a future outlook and conclusion were made based on the review.
Development of Newly Designed Polarizer for High-Power Laser

A multilayer thin-film polarizer with high damage resistance has been developed by adopting a new coating design that minimizes the induced electric field intensity within the multilayer coating. The damage threshold was ≥11 J/cm2 for the p-polarized incident beam from the coating side and ≥17 J/cm2 for the s-polarized backward-reflected beam from the substrate side for a 1.053 µm laser with a pulse width of 1 ns.
Tracking possible differences between female- and male staff in promoting physical activity towards girls and boys in the outdoor playground of the kindergarten

ABSTRACT Research demonstrates that physical activity is essential for a child’s well-being, learning and motor development. The purpose of this article is to qualitatively explore how female and male kindergarten staff promote physical activity towards boys and girls in the outdoor playground of a Norwegian kindergarten consisting of fifty children (twenty-eight girls and twenty-two boys) and ten adults (two males and eight females). Observations were used as method. The findings demonstrate that male staff were more spontaneous and physical with the children and promoting more Rough and Tumble play, the latter often attracting more boys. Female staff tended to promote more games with rules and practice play, in addition to bringing the indoor activity out to the playground, the latter often more appealing to girls. However, female staff working in the same unit as male staff seemed to be more physically active compared to the unit constituting only female staff.
Impact of Preoperative Handgrip Strength on Postoperative Outcome after Radical Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer Patients

In this study, we investigated whether preoperative low-handgrip strength (HGS) defined by the Asian working group for sarcopenia could be a predictor of postoperative outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. A total of 327 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for c-stage I–III primary gastric cancer with pre-operative HGS records were included. The cut-off values of HGS were defined as 28 kg for males and 18 kg for females, with values below and above the cut-off defined as low-HGS and high-HGS, respectively. The primary outcome was infectious complications. We compared the postoperative outcomes of the groups after adjusting for the background using propensity score matching. Of the 327 patients, 246 (75.2%) and 81 (24.8%) were in the high and low-HGS groups, respectively. After adjusting for background, there were 57 patients in both groups. After matching, the low-HGS group had significantly more infectious complications (17.5% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis of infectious complications in the low-HGS group demonstrated chronic kidney disease and diabetes as independent risk factors (odds ratio 4.390, 95% confidence interval 1.120–17.20, p = 0.034). Preoperative low-HGS according to the Asian criteria was associated with infectious complications after gastrectomy. Chronic kidney disease and diabetes were independent risk factors for infectious complications among patients with low-HGS.
X-ray line emission from supernova remnants. I - Models for adiabatic remnants

“NASA’s Beyond Einstein Program: An Architecture for Implementation,” Kennel, C. , Rothenberg, J., Adelberger, E. , Adkins, W. , Applequist, T. , Barrowman, J., Bearden, D. , Devlin, M. , Fuller, J., Gebhardt, K. , Gibson, W. , Harrison, F. , Lankford, A. , McCarthy, D. , Meyer, S. , Primack, J., Randall, L. , Sarazin, C. , Ulvestad, J., Will, C. , Witherell, M. , & Wright, N. , (Washington: National Academy of Sciences), i–xi,1–174 (2007), ISBN: 978-0-309-11162-1
Implementation of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) to Support Employee Performance: A Case Study of the Yogyakarta Regional Personnel Agency

The purpose of this study was to analyze and elaborate on the role of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) in supporting the performance of employees at the Regional Personnel Agency (BKD), Special Region of Yogyakarta. POS is an employee's perception of how the organization contributes and cares about their well-being. In this study, researchers identified a number of factors thought to play a role in employee perceptions of the organization, namely organizational justice (four model justice), supervisor support, organizational rewards, and job conditions. This research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques carried out by conducting structured and in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that employees perceive the organization to treat them fairly (in terms of procedural, interpersonal, informational, and distributive). Employees also perceive getting good support from supervisors, the organization has implemented a good reward system (intrinsic and extrinsic) and conducive working conditions. In line with that, the results of this study indicate that BKD employees perceive the organization as contributing to and caring about their well-being
Policy Recommendation: In Developing the Potential of Bandur Picak Village, Koto Kampar Hulu, Kampar Regency

This study aims to look at policy recommendations for developing village potential in Bandur Picak Village, Koto Kampar Hulu District, Kampar Regency, and to find out alternative policies that have been implemented, especially in the management of the Larangan River. Many models are available in the policy recommendations. One of them is a simple model, an analytical model used only to choose to remain in the old condition/action (status quo) or choose a new series of activities/actions as an alternative policy. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative, with data sources in the form of primary data and secondary data. Preliminary data were sourced from the village head, sub-district head, the Kampar Regency Village Empowerment Service, and the community. Informants will be selected through a purposive sampling technique. At the same time, secondary data is obtained from written sources such as village profile books, BPS data, and so on. Data collection techniques used in this study were intensive observation, in-depth interviews, documentation techniques, and a literature study. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for policy recommendations in developing village potential using the same model
The geometry of the space of null geodesics

The topology and geometry of the space of null geodesics N of a space‐time M are used to study the causal structure of the space‐time itself. In particular, the question of whether the topology of N is Hausdorff or admits a compatible manifold structure carries information on the global structure of M, and the transversality properties of the intersections of skies of points tell whether the points are conjugate points on a null geodesic.
Hyponormal powers of composition operators

Let T. , i = 1,2, be measurable transformations which define bounded composition operators CT, on L2 of a o-finite measure space. Denote their respective Radon-Nikodym derivatives by hi, i = 1, 2. The main result of this paper is that if hi ? Ti < hj, i, j = 1, 2, then for each of the positive integers m, n, p the operator [Cm1 Cn2 JP is hyponormal. As a consequence, we see that the sufficient condition established by Harrington and Whitley for hyponormality of a composition operator is actually sufficient for all powers to be hyponormal. I. Preliminaries. Let (X, E, m) be a a-finite measure space, and let T be a measurable transformation from X into itself. Set L2 = L2 (X, E, m). The equation
C ONVERGENCE IS N OT E NOUGH : A VERAGE -C ASE P ER - FORMANCE OF N O -R EGRET L EARNING D YNAMICS

Learning in games involves two main challenges, even in settings in which agents seek to coordinate: convergence to equilibria and selection of good equilibria. Unfortunately, solving the issue of convergence, which is the focus of state-of-the-art models, conveys little information about the quality of the equilibria that are eventually reached, often none at all. In this paper, we study a class of arbitrary-sized games in which q-replicator (QRD), a widely-studied class of no-regret learning dynamics that include gradient descent (GD), standard replicator dynamics (RD), and log-barrier dynamics as special cases, can be shown to converge pointwise to Nash equilibria. Turning to our main task, we provide both theoretical and experimental results on the average case performance of different learning dynamics in games. For example, in the case of GD, we show a tight average Price of Anarchy bound of 2, for a class of symmetric 2×2 potential games with unbounded Price of Anarchy (PoA). Furthermore, in the same class, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions so that GD outperforms RD in an average case analysis giving novel insights about two of the most widely applied dynamics in game theory. Finally, our experiments suggest that unbounded gaps between average case performance and PoA analysis are common, indicating a fertile area for future work.
DYNAMIC DEPLOYMENT SIMULATION FOR PANTOGRAPHIC DEPLOYABLE MASTS*

ABSTRACT The basic characteristics of mechanism kinematics are investigated to explain the background for the dynamic simulation procedure developed herein, which is especially suitable for pantographic deployable masts (PDM). Natural Cartesian coordinates are used due to their simplicity. The kinetic energy of the uniform rod can thus be expressed in terms of the Cartesian coordinates of the joints. First, dynamic differential equations are formulated with respect to a series of dependent coordinates. The constraint equations of the rigid body, scissor-like-element (SLE), and slider, etc., are formulated in succession. Then, based on the first and second differentials of the constraint equations and the null-space base of the constraint Jacobian matrix, we introduce the constraints into the differential dynamic equations, which are so reduced with respect to the independent generalized coordinates. Furthermore, a Runge–Kutta 4th-order (RK-4) algorithm, together with numerical stabilization techniques, is used to get the time history solutions of the dynamic equations. Finally, three numerical tests are presented, and dynamic deployment simulations are carried out for four particular PDM. The results show that the algorithm is efficient for dynamic simulations of a foldable truss. *Communicated by E. Zahariev.
Extremal Loop Weight Modules for U q ( ˆ sl ∞ )

We construct by fusion product new families of irreducible representations of the quantum affinization U q ( ˆ sl ∞ ) . The action is defined via the Drinfeld coproduct and is related to the crystal structure of semi-standard tableaux of type A ∞ . We call these representations extremal loop weight modules. The main motivations are applications to quantum toroidal algebras U q (sl torn + 1 ) : we prove the conjectural link between U q ( ˆ sl ∞ ) and U q (sl torn + 1 ) stated in Hernandez (J. Algebra 329 , 147–162, 2011) for these families of representations. We recover in this way the extremal loop weight modules obtained in Mansuy (arXiv:1305.3481).