Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative contributions of neutral and non-neutral genetic differentiation to inform conservation of steelhead trout across highly variable landscapes

Mounting evidence of climatic effects on riverine environments and adaptive responses of fishes have elicited growing conservation concerns. Measures to rectify population declines include assessment of local extinction risk, population ecology, viability, and genetic differentiation. While conservation planning has been largely informed by neutral genetic structure, there has been a dearth of critical information regarding the role of non‐neutral or functional genetic variation. We evaluated genetic variation among steelhead trout of the Columbia River Basin, which supports diverse populations distributed among dynamic landscapes. We categorized 188 SNP loci as either putatively neutral or candidates for divergent selection (non‐neutral) using a multitest association approach. Neutral variation distinguished lineages and defined broad‐scale population structure consistent with previous studies, but fine‐scale resolution was also detected at levels not previously observed. Within distinct coastal and inland lineages, we identified nine and 22 candidate loci commonly associated with precipitation or temperature variables and putatively under divergent selection. Observed patterns of non‐neutral variation suggest overall climate is likely to shape local adaptation (e.g., potential rapid evolution) of steelhead trout in the Columbia River region. Broad geographic patterns of neutral and non‐neutral variation demonstrated here can be used to accommodate priorities for regional management and inform long‐term conservation of this species.
A Multilayer Framework to Assess Influenza Intervention Policies

The authors describe an innovative simulation framework that combines daily commuting network data with a commonly used population-based transmission model to assess the impacts of various interventions on epidemic dynamics in Taiwan. Called the Multilayer Epidemic Dynamics Simulator (MEDSim), our proposed framework has four contact structures: within age group, between age groups, daily commute, and nationwide interaction. Our results indicate that lower transmission rates and earlier intervention activation times did not reduce total numbers of infected cases, but did delay peak times. When transmission rate was decreased by a minimum of 70%, significant epidemic peak delays were observed when interventions were activated before new case number 50; no significant effects were noted when the transmission rate was decreased by less than 30%. Observed peaks occurred more quickly when initial outbreaks took place in urban rather than rural areas. According to our results, MEDSim provides insights that reflect the dynamic processes of epidemics under different intervention scenarios, thus clarifying the effects of complex contact structures on disease transmission dynamics.
SVM Learning for Interdependent and Structured Output Spaces

Supervised learning, one of the most important areas of machine learning, is the general problem of learning a function that predicts the best value for a response variable y for an observation x by making use of a sample of input-output pairs. Traditionally, in classification, the values that y can take are simple, in the sense that they can be characterized by an arbitrary identifier. However, in many real-world applications the outputs are often complex, in that either there are dependencies between classes (eg. taxonomies used for example in document classification), or the classes are objects that have some internal structure such that they describe a configuration over interdependent components (eg. sequences, parse trees). For such problems, which are commonly called structured output prediction problems, standard multiclass approaches render ineffective, since the size of the output space is very large (eg. the set of label sequences scale exponentially with the length of the input sequence). More importantly, it is crucial to capture the common properties that are shared by the set of classes in order to generalize across classes as well as to generalize across input patterns. In this paper, we approach the structured output prediction problems by generalizing a multiclass Support Vector Machine formulation by Crammer and Singer (2001) to the broad problem of learning for interdependent and structured outputs.
Curvilinear displacement-based locally constrained deformation for digital images

This paper presents an extension of locally constrained deformation for digital images. The new method consists in fixing curvilinear displacement constraint on a point in the image and ensuring their satisfaction through the deformation. It permits the users to interactively adjust the deformation with direct manipulation. Experimental examples show that the new method is flexible, simple and fast, and that a subtle warping effect can be achieved.
Interoperability between Medical Devices Using near Field Communication

u-Health care requires interoperability between medical devices. IEEE 11073 is an internationally harmonized family of standards, produced by a grouping of manufacturers, institutions and IEEE Institute. It ensures interoperability between medical devices in u-Health environment. The Bluetooth is used for communication. We focus on new and innovative NFC based Bluetooth pairing in u-Health environment. It can enhance the user experience of applications that use the Bluetooth technology. The enhancements can be select a Bluetooth device, securely connect to a Bluetooth device, start an application on a Bluetooth device.
SHEPARD: Scheduling on Heterogeneous Platforms Using Application Resource Demands

Heterogeneous computing technologies, such as multi-core CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs can provide significant performance improvements. However, developing applications for these technologies often results in coupling applications to specific devices, typically through the use of proprietary tools. This paper presents SHEPARD, a compile time and run-time framework that decouples application development from the target platform and enables run-time allocation of tasks to heterogeneous computing devices. Through the use of special annotated functions, called managed tasks, SHEPARD approximates a task's performance on available devices, and coupled with the approximation of current device demand, decides which device can satisfy the task with the lowest overall execution time. Experiments using a task parallel application, based on an in-memory database, demonstrate the opportunity for automatic run-time task allocation to achieve speed-up over a static allocation to a single specific device.
Increased lexical activation and reduced competition in second-language listening

This study investigates how inaccurate phoneme processing affects recognition of partially onset-overlapping pairs like DAFFOdil-DEFIcit and of minimal pairs like flash-flesh in second-language listening. Two cross-modal priming experiments examined differences between native (L1) and second-language (L2) listeners at two stages of lexical processing: first, the activation of intended and mismatching lexical representations and second, the competition between those lexical representations. Experiment 1 shows that truncated primes like daffo- and defi- activated lexical representations of mismatching words (either deficit or daffodil) more for L2 listeners than for L1 listeners. Experiment 2 shows that for minimal pairs, matching primes (prime: flash, target: FLASH) facilitated recognition of visual targets for L1 and L2 listeners alike, whereas mismatching primes (flesh, FLASH) inhibited recognition consistently for L1 listeners but only in a minority of cases for L2 listeners; in most cases, for them, primes facilitated recognition of both words equally strongly. Thus, L1 and L2 listeners' results differed both at the stages of lexical activation and competition. First, perceptually difficult phonemes activated mismatching words more for L2 listeners than for L1 listeners, and second, lexical competition led to efficient inhibition of mismatching competitors for L1 listeners but in most cases not for L2 listeners.
Feasibility of an Intensive Trial of Modern Dance for Adults with Parkinson Disease

Although preliminary evidence supports the psychophysical benefits of dance for adults with Parkinson disease, guidelines for community-based dance programs await further scrutiny for safety and efficacy. This pilot study was designed to assess the feasibility of an intensive trial of group-delivered modern dance for 11 adults with early-to-middle stage Parkinson’s. The Timed ‘‘Up and Go’’ test and the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale were administered to assess balance safety and re-administered at closure along with a self-reported feedback questionnaire. Video recordings were analyzed for qualitative behavioral change. Pre/posttest comparisons from the Timed ‘‘Up and Go’’ test were not significant, while those from the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale were significant at the . 05 level for the group as a whole (p = .01) with an average score change of +3.1 points. Although qualitative results generally concurred with the social benefits associated with an enjoyable form of expressive exercise, important indicators surfaced bearing on future research and community program designs. These include need for more rigorous stratification of participants and adapting dance class structure to address specific group needs to promote motor learning for sustained functional gains.
Disambiguation of visual stimuli correlates with activity in bilateral medial temporal lobe structures

We are organisms adapted to recognize patterns around us in order to avoid ambiguity and indecision and there are inter-individual differences at this level. Ambiguity can be studied in the context of the decision making process, problem solving, perception of images or text comprehension. The purpose of our study is to investigate with fMRI the neural correlates of inter-individual differences related with healthy people’s performance of ambiguous images perception using a modified form of Snowy Pictures Task. We found a significant positive correlation between performance in disambiguating the pictures and bilateral activation of entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex and hippocampus (Pearson chi square = 3,86, df = 1, p < 0.05, N = 22). It is documented that tasks having a higher level of ambiguity seem to take place gradually on the ventral visual circuit axis, from occipital and occipito-temporal cortices to perirhinal cortex and finally hippocampus. Other studies revealed that hippocampus is also a key structure in modulating anxiety so our results raise the hypothesis that anxiety, at least in some situations, could be triggered by an inability of hippocampus to manage ambiguous situations.
Language and Aging

Language in old age has been an active research area since early experimental investigations in cognitive aging (e.g., Craik & Masani, 1967; Riegel & Riegel, 1964). This is undoubtedly because of the profound importance of language throughout the lifespan not only in cognition, but in social interactions as well. Declines in language processing, such as increased difficulty in understanding spoken language or in producing a word while speaking, undermine older adults’ ability and desire to communicate, and can erode evaluation of their language competence by themselves and by others (e.g., Hummert, Garstka, Ryan, & Bonnesen, 2004; Ryan, See, Meneer, & Trovato, 1994). Negative self-appraisal promotes withdrawal from social interaction, and negative appraisal by others promotes their use of oversimplified speech to older adults (Hummert et al., 2004; Kemper, Finter-Urczyk, Ferrell, Harden, & Billington, 1998). This downward cycle highlights the practical significance of identifying patterns of change in language during adulthood and old age, especially since there is good news about aging in this research. The aging pattern is characterized by stability and improvement during adulthood in some language functions, unlike other cognitive abilities such as episodic or working memory which are characterized by quite uniform age-related decrements. Research on language processing has also played an important role in the development of theory in cognitive aging (e.g., Baltes, Staudinger, & Lindenberger, 1999; Burke, Mackay, & James, 2000; DeDe, Caplan, Kemptes, & Waters, 2004; Hasher, Lustig, & Zacks, in press; Kemper, 2006;
Towards Quantitative Metrics for Evaluation of VoIP Security Systems

In this paper, the quantitative metrics for evaluating the systems using the DADMV method which were ommited in ur previous study, will be addressed. Infact, researchers have difficulties in identifying the exact place of a document or report related to system analysis and design (SAD) to extract information. This paper addresses this issue too. The benefits of this study are as follows: firstly, the VoIP designers can validate their security system using the proposed metrics mechanism before presenting it in front of the clients; secondly, researchers can do an indepth comparative study of VoIP architectures before conducting further enhancement of the most suitable one. The metrics model will also determine the level of transnsparency of research articles published by VoIP Security researchers and SAD report for industry/clients purpose. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: the methodology is discussed in Section II; we present the enhanced evaluation criteria with metrics in Section III; Section IV introduces the Metrics model and computation;we conclude in section V with some future work.
Modula-3 network objects over ANSA: heterogeneous object-based RPC in a modern systems programming language

Modula-3 provides language-level features such as threads, objects and exceptions which are useful in distributed systems. The ANSA testbench provides a complete infrastructure for object-based distributed systems, but currently requires the use of C as the main programming language. We describe a successful attempt to marry the two, which provides a practical example of how a modern systems programming language can make the construction of object-based distributed systems more congenial for the application programmer.
Privatization processes as ideological moments: The block sales of large-scale state enterprises in Turkey in the 2000s

Abstract In the process of neoliberal transformation in Turkey, what differentiated the 2000s from the previous two decades were the block sale privatizations of large-scale state enterprises such as PETKİM, Türk Telekom, TÜPRAŞ, and ERDEMİR. These block sales, the conditions of which were shaped by political struggles at different levels, were also constitutive political and ideological moments per se, helping to reproduce a particular perception of social reality at the expense of others. This paper will overview and critically problematize the privatization processes of these four enterprises, all completed under the successive AKP governments in power since 2002. By focusing on the apparently technical and economic aspects of the block-sale processes, such as valuation, efficiency enhancement and marketing, the paper calls into question the increased concerns over their transparency, and wonders whether such concerns can be understood as attempts to mask the substantially corrupt nature of capitalist relations of production, which inescapably makes itself felt during these processes.
Explaining Cross-Country Export Performance: International Linkages and Internal Geography.

This paper investigates the determinants of countries' export performance looking in particular at the role of international product market linkages. We begin with a novel decomposition of the growth in countries' exports into the contribution from increases in external demand and from improved internal supply-side conditions. Building on the results of this decomposition, we move on to an econometric analysis of the determinants of export performance. Results include the finding that poor external geography, poor internal geography, and poor institutional quality contribute in approximately equal measure to explaining Sub-Saharan Africa's poor export performance.
Remarks on rapid vs. slow star formation

We discuss problems with some observational estimates indicating long protostellar core lifetimes and large stellar age spreads in molecular clouds. We also point out some additional observational constraints which suggest that protostellar cores do not have long lifetimes before collapsing. For external galaxies, we argue that the widths of spiral arms do not imply a long star-formation process, since the formation of massive stars will disrupt molecular clouds, move material around, compress it in other regions which produce new star-forming clouds. Thus, it seems unavoidable that this cyclical process will result in an extended period of enhanced star formation, which does not represent the survival time of any individual molecular cloud. We argue that the rapid star formation indicated observationally is also easier to understand theoretically than the traditional scenario of slow quasi-static contraction with ambipolar diusion.
Have a Seat on the ErasureBench: Easy Evaluation of Erasure Coding Libraries for Distributed Storage Systems

We present ErasureBench, an open-source framework to test and benchmark erasure coding implementations for distributed storage systems under realistic conditions. ErasureBench automatically instantiates and scales a cluster of storage nodes, and can seamlessly leverage existing failure traces. As a first example, we use ErasureBench to compare three coding implementations: a (10,4) Reed-Solomon (RS) code, a (10,6,5) locally repairable code (LRC), and a partition of the data source in ten pieces without error-correction. Our experiments show that LRC and RS codes require the same repair throughput when used with small storage nodes, since cluster and network management traffic dominate at this regime. With large storage nodes, read and write traffic increases and our experiments confirm the theoretical and practical tradeoffs between the storage overhead and repair bandwidth of RS and LRC codes.
Priority-Oriented Spectrum Allocation for Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we develop a spectrum allocation algorithm for hierarchical cognitive ad hoc networks based on the secondary user (SU) priority. The algorithm assures that the SUs with higher priority can get more spectrum bandwidths, and thus the revenue of the whole spectrum band can be maximized. The proposed algorithm is a two-stage spectrum allocation scheme, in which the licensed spectrum allocation between the primary users (PUs) and SUs acting as CH (CH-SU) is implemented in the first stage, and in the second stage, the spectrum purchased from spectrum owner is traded between the CH-SUs and cluster member (CM)-SUs. Performance analysis shows that the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm can be improved by adjusting the value of learning factors. Meanwhile, it allocates different size of spectrum bandwidth for SUs according to the different priority levels, which reflect the rationality and difference in spectrum allocation. Also, the simulation results reveals if the number of priority level of CM-SUs is less than 4, our algorithm has the lower time overhead than other spectrum allocation algorithm without taking the SU’s priority level into consideration.
Mnemonic Strategies: What Are They? How Can I Use Them? And How Effective Are They?

Many students with learning disabilities experience difficulties when required to learn school-related information. The demands of learning and remembering vast amounts of new content in domains such as science, social studies, and vocabulary increase greatly as students advance in grade level. The importance associated with learning and remembering school information has also increased as school performance and graduation requirements have become linked to standards on statewide high-stakes tests. This has led to increased concern on the part of many students with learning disabilities; as expressed by one student, “How do they expect me to remember all this stuff? ” Many methods for enhancing memory have existed for years, some going
The Glicko system

Arguably one of the greatest fascinations of tournament chess players and competitors of other games is the measurement of playing strength. The Elo rating system, developed by Arpad Elo in the early 1960’s, was the first chess rating system that had probabilistic underpinnings, and was then adopted by many chess federations, and eventually by organizations for other games (e.g., Scrabble, table tennis, etc.). While Elo’s system is a great improvement over earlier systems, it too has its problems. In 1995, I created the Glicko rating system in response to a particular deficiency in the Elo system which I describe below. My system was derived by considering a statistical model for chess game outcomes, and then making mathematical approximations that would enable simple computation. The Elo system, coincidentally, turns out to be a special case of my system. The mathematical details of the derivation can be found in a technical paper called “Parameter estimation in large dynamic paired comparison experiments” which is published in the refereed statistics journal Applied Statistics (48, pp. 377–394), but can also be downloaded from http://www.glicko. net/research.html. The Glicko system is currently implemented on the free internet chess server (FICS), and variations of the Glicko system have been adapted for several commercial internet gaming organizations such as ChronX, Case’s Ladder, and the Gothic Chess Association.
An Exploration of Goal Setting in Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Facilitating goal setting with individuals following acquired brain injury (ABI) is challenging to rehabilitation professionals due, in part, to the presence of impairments in cognition and communication. As a result, these individuals have been largely excluded from research on goal setting and their participation in clinical goal setting may be limited. Given that client participation is an integral part of client-centred goal setting in occupational therapy, understanding how to enable participation by individuals with ABI is imperative. Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to develop an understanding of how occupational therapists facilitate goal setting with individuals with ABI with the aim of improving therapists’ ability to enable client participation. Methods: Two studies were undertaken. First, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out to understand what occupational therapists say that facilitates or hinders problem identification during initial goal setting interviews. The second study used grounded theory design and sought to understand how clinical occupational therapists set goals with individuals with ABI. Results: Types of communications that facilitate and hinder goal setting were identified along with two distinct means of goal setting, embracing client-determined goals and conceding to organization-determined goals. These means, each stemmed
Bereavement and health: The psychological and physical consequences of partner loss.

Preface 1. Introduction 2. The symptomatology of grief 3. Is grief universal? cultural variations in the emotional reactions to loss 4. Depression models of grief 5. Stress models of grief 6. Mediators between stress and illness 7. The loss effect: health consequences of marital bereavement 8. Risk factors in bereavement outcome 9. Reducing the risk of poor bereavement outcome References Author index Subject index.
An axiomatic characterization of generalized entropies under analyticity condition

We present axiomatic characterizations of the Nath, Renyi and Havrda-Charvat-Tsallis entropies under the assumption that they are analytic functions with respect to the distributio n dimension, unlike the previous characterizations, which suppose that they are expandable and maximized for uniform distribution.