Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wet-Etched Three-Level Silicon Interposer for 3-D Embedding and Connecting of Optoelectronic Dies and CMOS ICs

Ultracompact optical submodules for parallel optical interconnects are demonstrated based on a three-level silicon interposer, which is fabricated through a low-cost wet etching process. Using three steps of wet etching of silicon, a multilevel cavity is formed for embedding and flip-chipping optical and electrical dies, and opening optical through-silicon vias. In order to reduce thermal coupling between CMOS and GaAs dies, a 50-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> thermal isolation air gap is formed between dies as a part of the assembly concept, and thermal simulations and experiments are carried to validate its effectiveness. Based on this 3-D packaging concept, compact 4 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, 10-Gb/s 12-channel transmitter and receiver submodules are fully assembled and tested. Clear and uniform eye patterns for both modules are captured at 10 and 15 Gb/s for every channel. Bit error rate (BER) testing is also performed. Both transmitter and receiver submodules show uniform BER curves, with receiver sensitivity spreading less than 1 dB at a BER lower than 10<sup>−12</sup>. Also, crosstalk for both modules is tested, yielding only a 0.1- and 0.8-dB additional penalty for transmitter and receiver, respectively.
Characterization of LIN-61 methyl mark binding and its function in C. elegans vulva development.

In eukaryotic cells the genome is packaged into chromatin, which is composed of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4), non-histone proteins and DNA. Packaging of DNA into distinct chromatin states plays a pivotal role not only in the maintenance of intact chromosomes but it is also an important mechanism in cellular processes that require access to DNA, such as transcription, replication and DNA repair. In such processes the chromatin structure is regulated to adopt distinct chromatin states ranging from a compact and inaccessible conformation (heterochromatin) to a low condensed accessible chromatin state (euchromatin). While condensed chromatin is mainly transcriptionally silent, transcription machinery and other DNA interacting factors can access DNA that is packaged into a decondensed chromatin conformation. Covalent posttranslational histone modifications (PTMs) and chromatin effector proteins are important factors for regulation and maintenance of the distinct chromatin states by either influencing the chromatin compaction state directly (e.g. by remodeling activities) or in trans by recruitment of further chromatin effector proteins. One of the hallmarks of heterochromatin is trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), and H3K9me3 methyl mark binding proteins are implicated in chromatin compaction and gene silencing. In the present study, H3K9me3 methyl mark binding proteins are investigated in C. elegans. LIN-61 and MBTR-1, the only two homologues of the malignant brain tumor (MBT) protein family in C. elegans were identified to interact with this repressive chromatin mark. While MBT proteins of other organisms were reported to interact selectively with mono- and di-methylated lysine marks but with low sequence specificity, the present study shows that the C. elegans MBT protein LIN-61 has sequence specificity and methyl state selectivity for interaction with H3K9me2/me3 peptides. By structure function analysis using H3K9me3 peptide pull-down approaches, the present study provides first insights into the similarities and differences of the peptide binding mechanism of LIN-61 in comparison to other MBT proteins. Phenotypic investigation of the biological functions of LIN-61 revealed that this MBT protein plays a role in negative regulation of ectopic vulval cell fate expression. In addition, an impact on repression of the gene lin-3 was detected. The interaction of LIN-61 with LIN-13, another factor that possess functions in vulval cell fate regulation, was identified. Approaches to define the relevance of H3K9me3 binding for the function of LIN-61 in negative regulation of ectopic vulval cell fate expression showed that the interaction of LIN-61 with the repressive H3K9 methyl mark is essential for LIN-61 function. In addition it was shown that besides its unique activities, LIN-61 functions redundantly with the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) homologue HPL-2, and the H3K9 specific histone methyl transferase MET-2.
The intake of high-fat diets induces an obesogenic-like gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which is reverted by dieting

Abstract Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are increasingly used for nutrigenomic studies. In this study, we aimed to identify whether these cells could reflect the development of an obesogenic profile associated with the intake of high-fat (HF) diets. We analysed, by real-time RT-PCR, the dietary response of key genes related to lipid metabolism, obesity and inflammation in PBMC of control rats, rats fed a cafeteria or a commercial HF diet and rats fed a control diet after the intake of a cafeteria diet (post-cafeteria model). Cafeteria diet intake, which resulted in important overweight and related complications, altered the expressions of most of the studied genes in PBMC, evidencing the development of an obesogenic profile. Commercial HF diet, which produced metabolic alterations but in the absence of noticeably increased body weight, also altered PBMC gene expression, inducing a similar regulatory pattern as that observed for the cafeteria diet. Regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (Cpt1a) mRNA expression was of special interest; its expression reflected metabolic alterations related to the intake of both obesogenic diets (independently of increased body weight) even at an early stage as well as metabolic recovery in post-cafeteria animals. Thus, PBMC constitute an important source of biomarkers that reflect the increased adiposity and metabolic deregulation associated with the intake of HF diets. In particular, we propose an analysis of Cpt1a expression as a good biomarker to detect the early metabolic alterations caused by the consumption of hyperlipidic diets, and also as a marker of metabolic recovery associated to weight loss.
Origins and implications of neglect of G6PD deficiency and primaquine toxicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria

Abstract Most of the tens of millions of clinical attacks caused by Plasmodium vivax each year likely originate from dormant liver forms called hypnozoites. We do not systematically attack that reservoir because the only drug available, primaquine, is poorly suited to doing so. Primaquine was licenced for anti-relapse therapy in 1952 and became available despite threatening patients having an inborn deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) with acute haemolytic anaemia. The standard method for screening G6PD deficiency, the fluorescent spot test, has proved impractical where most malaria patients live. The blind administration of daily primaquine is dangerous, but so too are the relapses invited by withholding treatment. Absent G6PD screening, providers must choose between risking harm by the parasite or its treatment. How did this dilemma escape redress in science, clinical medicine and public health? This review offers critical historic reflection on the neglect of this serious problem in the chemotherapy of P. vivax.
Online Regression with Partial Information: Generalization and Linear Projection

We investigate an online regression problem in which the learner makes predictions sequentially while only the limited information on features is observable. In this paper, we propose a general setting for the limitation of the available information, where the observed information is determined by a function chosen from a given set of observation functions. Our problem setting is a generalization of the online sparse linear regression problem, which has been actively studied. For our general problem, we present an algorithm by combining multi-armed bandit algorithms and online learning methods. This algorithm admits a sublinear regret bound when the number of observation functions is constant. We also show that the dependency on the number of observation functions is inevitable unless additional assumptions are adopted. To mitigate this inefficiency, we focus on a special case of practical importance, in which the observed information is expressed through linear combinations of the original features. We propose efficient algorithms for this special case. Finally, we also demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms by simulation studies using both artificial and real data. Proceedings of the 21 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2018, Lanzarote, Spain. PMLR: Volume 84. Copyright 2018 by the author(s).
Contractual contingencies and renegotiation

In a dynamic model of asymmetric information between the owner of a firm and a manager, we investigate the optimal set of contingencies on which an incentive contract should depend when renegotiation is possible. In particular, we characterize the circumstances in which the contracting parties find it desirable to deliberately restrict what the owner can monitor, thereby limiting the contractible contingencies. Our findings thus provide an endogenous explanation for contract simplicity, in contrast to those based on transactions costs or bounded rationality.
Positive affect predicts cerebral glucose metabolism in late middle-aged adults

Abstract Positive affect is associated with a number of health benefits; however, few studies have examined the relationship between positive affect and cerebral glucose metabolism, a key energy source for neuronal function and a possible index of brain health. We sought to determine if positive affect was associated with cerebral glucose metabolism in late middle-aged adults (n = 133). Participants completed the positive affect subscale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale at two time points over a two-year period and underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scanning. After controlling for age, sex, perceived health status, depressive symptoms, anti-depressant use, family history of Alzheimer’s disease, APOE ε4 status and interval between visits, positive affect was associated with greater cerebral glucose metabolism across para-/limbic, frontal, temporal and parietal regions. Our findings provide evidence that positive affect in late midlife is associated with greater brain health in regions involved in affective processing and also known to be susceptible to early neuropathological processes. The current findings may have implications for interventions aimed at increasing positive affect to attenuate early neuropathological changes in at-risk individuals.
Emergence of nail lacquers as potential transungual delivery system in the management of onchomycosis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Onchomycosis is the most common nail fungal disease afflicting toes and fingers with a high recurrence rate. The disease is caused by various types of fungi ranging from dermatophyte to non-dermatophyte, making it difficult to eradicate. Areas covered: The present article focuses on the emergence of nail lacquers as prospective transungual delivery systems for the treatment of mild-to-moderate onchomycosis. Updates regarding emerging nail lacquers, research progress in terms of clinical studies and patents for better understanding of the disease are provided. Finally, the characterization techniques for the assessment of drug concentration in different layers of nail are reviewed. Expert opinion: The conventional topical delivery systems have failed to improve nail adhesion and drug absorption due to the highly keratinized hydrophilic structure of nail which obstructs the passage of drugs. The surgical therapy systems are painful and invasive while systemic therapy produces serious side effects and a high degree of relapse. These issues have led to the advent of nail lacquers. Nail lacquers have an immense potential to improve nail adhesion as well as bioavailability. However, the nail barrier is still a challenge in imparting complete cure. Several novel approaches are being developed in order to offer better therapeutic action.
The endocannabinoid system and cancer: therapeutic implication

The endocannabinoid system is implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions (inflammation, immunomodulation, analgesia, cancer and others). The main active ingredient of cannabis, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), produces its effects through activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB1 receptors are expressed at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas CB2 receptors are concentrated predominantly, although not exclusively, in cells of the immune system. Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid‐signalling molecules that are generated in the cell membrane from phospholipid precursors. The two best characterized endocannabinoids identified to date are anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG). Here we review the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and anti‐tumour actions (inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, induction of apoptosis, reduction of tumour growth) of the cannabinoids in different types of cancer. This review will focus on examining how activation of the endocannabinoid system impacts breast, prostate and bone cancers in both in vitro and in vivo systems. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer, as identified in clinical trials, is also discussed. Identification of safe and effective treatments to manage and improve cancer therapy is critical to improve quality of life and reduce unnecessary suffering in cancer patients. In this regard, cannabis‐like compounds offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of breast, prostate and bone cancer in patients. Further basic research on anti‐cancer properties of cannabinoids as well as clinical trials of cannabinoid therapeutic efficacy in breast, prostate and bone cancer is therefore warranted.
Electromyographic Comparison of Traditional and Suspension Push-Ups

Abstract There is very limited scientific data concerning suspension training. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the electromyographic activity of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and triceps brachii between a suspension push-up and traditional push-up. Twenty-one apparently healthy men (n = 15, age = 25.93 ± 3.67 years) and women (n = 6, age = 23.5 ± 1.97 years) volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects performed four repetitions of a suspension push-up and a traditional push-up where the order of the exercises was randomized. The mean peak and normalized electromyography of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and triceps brachii were compared across the two exercises. Suspension push-ups elicited the following electromyographic values: pectoralis major (3.08 ± 1.13 mV, 69.54 ± 27.6 %MVC), anterior deltoid (5.08 ± 1.55 mV, 81.13 ± 17.77 %MVC), and triceps brachii (5.11 ± 1.97 mV, 105.83 ± 18.54 %MVC). The electromyographic activities during the traditional push-up were as follows: pectoralis major (2.66 ± 1.05 mV, 63.62 ± 16.4 %MVC), anterior deltoid (4.01 ± 1.27 mV, 58.91 ± 20.3 %MVC), and triceps brachii (3.91 ± 1.36 mV, 74.32 ± 16.9 %MVC). The mean peak and normalized electromyographic values were significantly higher for all 3 muscles during the suspension push-up compared to the traditional push-up (p < 0.05). This study suggests that the suspension push-up elicited a greater activation of pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and triceps brachii when compared to a traditional push-up. Therefore, suspension push-ups may be considered an advanced variation of a traditional push-up when a greater challenge is warranted.
Should women be screened for osteoporosis at midlife?

Abstract Osteoporosis and associated fractures are common in women after midlife and will increase as the population ages. Osteoporosis-related fractures cause a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Osteoporosis decreases the quality of life and productivity of many older women, with an increasing burden on health-care resources. Future risk of fracture can be managed by evidence-based interventions. It is thus appropriate to estimate the future risk of fracture in all women at the age of 50 years or at menopause, whichever occurs first. This can be achieved in a non-invasive fashion by targeted clinical history-taking. The future risk of fracture can be quantified using computerized models that integrate all risk factors, with or without dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Individuals found to be at increased risk of fracture need also to be assessed by DXA and, in the absence of lateral vertebral assessment, also by conventional X-ray imaging. All women should be screened by DXA at the age of 65 years, if not done before that time. At the age of 50, all women should be informed about a bone-friendly lifestyle.
A Survey on Applications of Data Mining using Clustering Techniques

mining is a process that explores and analyses large data sets in order to discover meaningful patterns. Clustering is a main task of exploratory data analysis and data mining applications. Clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar to each other than to those in other groups (clusters). Clustering has wide applications in the field of medicine, business and marketing, World Wide Web, computer science, social science, educational data mining, climatology and many more. This paper mainly presents an overview of types of clustering techniques and some of the applications of data mining where clustering techniques can be applied. The main goal of clustering is to produce a good and high quality clusters that depends mainly on the similarity measure which has the ability to discover some or all hidden patterns and also make the analysis of data easy Keywordsmining, Clustering, Clustering Techniques, Applications, K-Means Clustering
Optimize the energy efficiency of RPL based 6L0WPAN by FL clustering

Low power networks require an efficient routing protocol to tackle the challenging goal of energy optimization. 6LoWPANwithRPL is standardized for low power sensor nodes. RPL works based on Objective Function(OF) to build routes and optimizes the destined routing metric. We can design OF, from a single metric or combining more than one metric by using fuzzy logic. This paper have adopted the latter one and proposed a hierarchical routing approach, in which the clustering function is implemented on each layer and designed OF, by using metrics residual energy, latency, and Expected Transmission Count to calculate the best parent towards sink. In the first part, fuzzy logic based clustering in WSN network with LEACH protocol have been implemented usingNS2. In the second, above concept have been used in RPL based 6LoWPAN network by usingNS3 and both the results have been compared on account of energy efficiency.
RECOGNITION IN A MULTIPARTY CHAT SCENARIO

Users of online social networks often use multiple identities. This paper investigates the possibility of identifying a user from his or her chat behavior in such a setting. We have collected a large corpus of multiparty chat records in Turkish, obtained from a multiplayer game database. The most active 978 users are selected according to their participation in game chat sessions. This corpus is used in a biometric identification experiment where we seek each user among a gallery of users. Character matrices for each player are used as features, and re-centered local profiles and cosine similarity measure are preferred as identification methods. We systematically assess the effect of text normalization on identification. We report comparative results, the best of which reach around 75% rank-1 accuracy for a gallery size of 978.
Cannabis and Eicosanoids: A Review of Molecular Pharmacology

Many constituents of cannabis exhibit beneficial anti-in- flammatory properties, such as 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in mar- ijuana and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in hemp seed oil. The effects of these cannabis constituents on eicosanoid metabolism is reviewed. THC and GLA modulate the arachidonic acid cascade, inhibiting the production of series 2 prostaglandins and series 4 leukotrienes. Canna- binoid receptor- as well as non-receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways appear to be involved. It is proposed that THC acts as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. (Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: Website: 2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.)
A cursive script-recognition system based

The human reading process is undoubtedly extremely complex; however, much work has been carried out in determining possible mechanisms behind it. A computer recognition system that makes use of some of the proposed models of human reading has been developed at the University of Nottingham. With it, we attempt to solve the problem of recognising handwriting on-line. The system, called NuScript, is based on the blackboard paradigm of artificial intelligence (AI). It initially uses easily extracted features to reduce a large lexicon to a smaller list of candidate words. Later stages use increasingly sophisticated knowledge sources, based on a diverse set of AI paradigms and other pattern-recognition techniques, to determine and subsequently refine a confidence value for each candidate. A description of the elements of the human recognition models on which the system is based is followed by a general description of the computer recognition system as a whole.
Trends in Karyotype Evolution in Astyanax (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae): Insights From Molecular Data

The study of patterns and evolutionary processes in neotropical fish is not always an easy task due the wide distribution of major fish groups in large and extensive river basins. Thus, it is not always possible to detect or correlate possible effects of chromosome rearrangements in the evolution of biodiversity. In the Astyanax genus, chromosome data obtained since the 1970s have shown evidence of cryptic species, karyotypic plasticity, supernumerary chromosomes, triploidies, and minor chromosomal rearrangements. In the present work, we map and discuss the main chromosomal events compatible with the molecular evolution of the genus Astyanax (Characiformes, Characidae) using mitochondrial DNA sequence data, in the search for major chromosome evolutionary trends within this taxon.