Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Realizing high efficiency and luminance in green, yellow and blue organic light emitting diode by deoxyribonucleic acid

Although the effect of the electron blocking layer (EBL) material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), on the electroluminescence (EL) performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been studied, the process of DNA regulation of exciton recombination region within the device is still unclear. Herein, devices with and without EBL were fabricated using different DNA spin-coating speeds, and the photoelectric performance of device were measured. By using DNA compounded with cetyltrimethyl ammonium (CTMA) as the EBL and hole buffer layer, so-called BioLEDs. The DNA-based green Alq3 BioLEDs achieve higher luminance (39 000 cd m−2) and higher current efficiency (8.4 cd A−1), which are increased by 49% and 54%, respectively, compared to the reference OLEDs without the addition of DNA. Similarly, the maximum luminance and efficiency of yellow Rubrene BioLEDs is increased by 64% (from 12 120 to 19 820 cd m−2) and 74% (from 1.36 to 2.36 cd A−1), the luminance and efficiency of blue TCTA BioLEDs is increased by 101% and 245%. Specifically, we found that as the thickness of DNA-CTMA increases, the exciton recombination region moves towards the interface between the emitting layer (EML) and the hole transport layer (HTL). By better confining excitons within the EML, the current efficiency of the BioLEDs is effectively improved. Accordingly, we provide a possible idea for achieve high performance DNA-based BioLEDs by adding DNA-CTMA EBL and hole buffer layers. Meanwhile, as the DNA thickness increases, the exciton recombination region moves towards the EML/HTL interface, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the DNA-based BioLEDs.
COMPARISON OF PI3K

Background The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/ mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a significant role in both tumorigenesis and progression of disease in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 1 Increased activation of the pathway, whether in tumor or immune cells, results in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. 2 Therefore, we looked into how this pathway differs in three distinct NSCLC immune phenotypes.
The changing characteristics of a cohort of children and adolescents living with HIV at antiretroviral therapy initiation in Asia

Despite improvements in HIV testing and earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in children living with HIV through the years, a considerable proportion start treatment with advanced disease. We studied characteristics of children and adolescents living with HIV and their level of immunodeficiency at ART initiation using data from a multi-country Asian cohort. We included children and adolescents who were ART-naïve and <18 years of age at ART initiation from 2011 to 2020 at 17 HIV clinics in six countries. Incidence rates of opportunistic infections (OIs) in the first two years of triple-drug ART (≥3 antiretrovirals) was also reported. Competing risk regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with first occurrence of OI. In 2,027 children and adolescents (54% males), median age at ART initiation increased from 4.5 years in 2011–2013 to 6.7 in 2017–2020, median CD4 count doubled from 237 cells/μl to 466 cells/μl, and proportion of children who initiated ART as severely immunodeficient decreased from 70% to 45%. During follow-up, 275 (14%) children who received triple-drug ART as first treatment and had at least one clinic visit, developed at least one OI in the first two years of treatment (9.40 per 100 person-years). The incidence rate of any first OI declined from 12.52 to 7.58 per 100 person-years during 2011–2013 and 2017–2020. Lower hazard of OIs were found in those with age at first ART 2–14 years, current CD4 ≥200 cells/μl, and receiving ART between 2017 and 2020. The analysis demonstrated increasing number of children and adolescents starting ART with high CD4 count at ART start. The rate of first OI markedly decreased in children who started ART in more recent years. There remains a clear need for improvement in HIV control strategies in children, by promoting earlier diagnosis and timely treatment.
Microstructural white matter integrity in relation to vascular reactivity in Dutch-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by cerebrovascular amyloid-β accumulation leading to hallmark cortical MRI markers, such as vascular reactivity, but white matter is also affected. By studying the relationship in different disease stages of Dutch-type CAA (D-CAA), we tested the relation between vascular reactivity and microstructural white matter integrity loss. In a cross-sectional study in D-CAA, 3 T MRI was performed with Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) fMRI upon visual activation to assess vascular reactivity and diffusion tensor imaging to assess microstructural white matter integrity through Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity (PSMD). We assessed the relationship between BOLD parameters – amplitude, time-to-peak (TTP), and time-to-baseline (TTB) – and PSMD, with linear and quadratic regression modeling. In total, 25 participants were included (15/10 pre-symptomatic/symptomatic; mean age 36/59 y). A lowered BOLD amplitude (unstandardized β = 0.64, 95%CI [0.10, 1.18], p = 0.02, Adjusted R2 = 0.48), was quadratically associated with increased PSMD levels. A delayed BOLD response, with prolonged TTP (β = 8.34 × 10−6, 95%CI [1.84 × 10−6, 1.48 × 10−5], p = 0.02, Adj. R2 = 0.25) and TTB (β = 6.57 × 10−6, 95%CI [1.92 × 10−6, 1.12 × 10−5], p = 0.008, Adj. R2 = 0.29), was linearly associated with increased PSMD. In D-CAA subjects, predominantly in the symptomatic stage, impaired cerebrovascular reactivity is related to microstructural white matter integrity loss. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether this relation is causal.
A detoxification pathway initiated by a nuclear receptor TcHR96h in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)

Understanding the mechanism of detoxification initiation in arthropods after pesticide exposure is crucial. Although the identity of transcription factors that induce and regulate the expression of detoxification genes in response to pesticides is beginning to emerge, whether transcription factors directly interact with xenobiotics is unclear. The findings of this study revealed that a nuclear hormone receptor, Tetranychus cinnabarinus hormone receptor (HR) TcHR96h, regulates the overexpression of the detoxification gene TcGSTm02, which is involved in cyflumetofen resistance. The nuclear translocation of TcHR96h increased after cyflumetofen exposure, suggesting direct binding with cyflumetofen. The direct binding of TcHR96h and cyflumetofen was supported by several independent proteomic assays that quantify interactions with small molecules. Together, this study proposes a model for the initiation of xenobiotic detoxification in a polyphagous agricultural pest. These insights not only provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of xenobiotic detoxification and metabolism in arthropods, but also are crucial in understanding adaptation in polyphagous herbivores.
A Highly Integrated Lab-on-a-CMOS Platform for Real-Time Monitoring of E. Coli Growth Kinetics

Existing miniaturized and cost-effective solutions for bacterial growth monitoring usually require offline incubators with constant temperature to culture the bio-samples prior to measurement. Such a separated sample preparation and detection scheme requires extensive human intervention, risks contamination, and suffers from poor temporal resolution. To achieve integrated sample preparation and real-time bacterial growth monitoring, this article presents a lab-on-a-CMOS platform incorporates an optical sensor array, temperature sensor array, micro-heaters, and readout circuits. Escherichia coli's (E. coli) optimum growth temperature of 37 $^{\circ }$C is achieved through a heat regulation system consisting of two micro-heaters and an on-chip temperature sensor array. A photodiode array with an in-pixel capacitive trans-impedance amplifier to reduce inter-pixel cross-coupling is designed to extract the optical information during bacterial growth. To balance the footprint, power consumption, and quantization speed, a 10 b column successive-approximation register (SAR)/single-slope (SS) dual-mode analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is designed to digitize the temperature and optical signals. Fabricated in a standard 0.18 um CMOS process, the proposed platform can regulate the sample temperature to 37 +/− 0.2/0.3 $^{\circ }$C within 32 mins. Enabled by an on-chip heat regulation system and photodetectors, the prototype demonstrates a real-time monitoring of bacterial growth kinetics and antibiotic responses. Minute-level temporal resolution is achieved as this proposed platform is free of extensive and time-consuming human intervention. The proposed platform can be viably used in contamination sensitive applications such as antibiotic tests, stem cell cultures, and organ-on-chips.
Magnetic relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles under the influence of shear flow

We investigate the magnetic relaxation behavior of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) under the influence of shear flow. To this end, we employed magnetorelaxometry (MRX), which is a very sensitive technique to measure the magnetization decay (magnetic relaxation) of MNP after polarizing their magnetic moments in a magnetic field. For the measurements, we developed a fluidic setup to measure the magnetic relaxation of MNP dispersions passing at specific flow rates through a capillary tube inside the magnetizing coil of the MRX device. We observed a decrease of the two characteristic MRX parameters, the relaxation time (up to 60%) and relaxation amplitude (up to 45%), with increasing flow rate (up to 16 ml min−1) compared to the corresponding values measured at zero shear rate. Further, two different regimes of magnetic relaxation behavior under shear flow could be distinguished: for low MNP concentrations the relaxation time was concentration independent, while for higher MNP concentrations an additional increase of relaxation values by about 13% was observed. This is attributed to MNP interparticle interactions. Since dipole–dipole interactions could be ruled out, we concluded that hydrodynamic interactions are the cause for the shear flow MRX behavior in the high MNP concentration regime.
A Distribution-Free Theory of Nonparametric Regression (Springer Series in Statistics)

In undergoing this life, many people always try to do and get the best. New knowledge, experience, lesson, and everything that can improve the life will be done. However, many people sometimes feel confused to get those things. Feeling the limited of experience and sources to be better is one of the lacks to own. However, there is a very simple thing that can be done. This is what your teacher always manoeuvres you to do this one. Yeah, reading is the answer. Reading a book as this a distribution free theory of nonparametric regression springer series in statistics and other references can enrich your life quality. How can it be?
Incorporation of background in dose-response models.

: Dose-response models are generally classified as either threshold-tolerance or mechanism models. These models are briefly reviewed and their impact upon low-dose estimation is discussed. The concept of independent versus additive backgrounds is explored. The mathematical implications are considered with the conclusion that additive background implies linearity and that the assumption of total independence of background is required to justify nonlinearity at low doses. This finding has important implications to low-dose extrapolations for the purpose of risk estimation.
Leptin produced by joint white adipose tissue induces cartilage degradation via upregulation and activation of matrix metalloproteinases

Objectives To investigate the effect of leptin on cartilage destruction. Methods Collagen release was assessed in bovine cartilage explant cultures, while collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activities in culture supernatants were determined by bioassay and gelatin zymography. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was analysed by real-time RT–PCR. Signalling pathway activation was studied by immunoblotting. Leptin levels in cultured osteoarthritic joint infrapatellar fat pad or peri-enthesal deposit supernatants were measured by immunoassay. Results Leptin, either alone or in synergy with IL-1, significantly induced collagen release from bovine cartilage by upregulating collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity. In chondrocytes, leptin induced MMP1 and MMP13 expression with a concomitant activation of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, MAPK (JNK, Erk, p38), Akt and NF-κB signalling pathways. Selective inhibitor blockade of PI3K, p38, Erk and Akt pathways significantly reduced MMP1 and MMP13 expression in chondrocytes, and reduced cartilage collagen release induced by leptin or leptin plus IL-1. JNK inhibition had no effect on leptin-induced MMP13 expression or leptin plus IL-1-induced cartilage collagen release. Conditioned media from cultured white adipose tissue (WAT) from osteoarthritis knee joint fat pads contained leptin, induced cartilage collagen release and increased MMP1 and MMP13 expression in chondrocytes; the latter being partly blocked with an anti-leptin antibody. Conclusions Leptin acts as a pro-inflammatory adipokine with a catabolic role on cartilage metabolism via the upregulation of proteolytic enzymes and acts synergistically with other pro-inflammatory stimuli. This suggests that the infrapatellar fat pad and other WAT in arthritic joints are local producers of leptin, which may contribute to the inflammatory and degenerative processes in cartilage catabolism, providing a mechanistic link between obesity and osteoarthritis.
Beyond rhythm – a framework for understanding the frequency spectrum of neural activity

Cognitive and behavioral processes are often accompanied by changes within well-defined frequency bands of the local field potential (LFP i.e., the voltage induced by neuronal activity). These changes are detectable in the frequency domain using the Fourier transform and are often interpreted as neuronal oscillations. However, aside some well-known exceptions, the processes underlying such changes are difficult to track in time, making their oscillatory nature hard to verify. In addition, many non-periodic neural processes can also have spectra that emphasize specific frequencies. Thus, the notion that spectral changes reflect oscillations is likely too restrictive. In this study, we use a simple yet versatile framework to understand the frequency spectra of neural recordings. Using simulations, we derive the Fourier spectra of periodic, quasi-periodic and non-periodic neural processes having diverse waveforms, illustrating how these attributes shape their spectral signatures. We then show how neural processes sum their energy in the local field potential in simulated and real-world recording scenarios. We find that the spectral power of neural processes is essentially determined by two aspects: (1) the distribution of neural events in time and (2) the waveform of the voltage induced by single neural events. Taken together, this work guides the interpretation of the Fourier spectrum of neural recordings and indicates that power increases in specific frequency bands do not necessarily reflect periodic neural activity.
AI4Food-NutritionDB: Food Image Database, Nutrition Taxonomy, and Recognition Benchmark

—Leading a healthy lifestyle has become one of the most challenging goals in today’s society due to our sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits. As a result, national and international organisms have made numerous efforts to promote healthier food diets and physical activity habits. However, these recommendations are sometimes difﬁcult to follow in our daily life and they are also based on a general population. As a consequence, a new area of research, personalised nutrition, has been conceived focusing on individual solutions through smart devices and Artiﬁcial Intelligence (AI) methods. This study presents the AI4Food-NutritionDB database, the ﬁrst nutrition database that considers food images and a nutrition taxonomy based on recommendations by national and international organisms. In addition, four different categorisation levels are considered following nutrition experts: 6 nutritional levels, 19 main categories (e.g., “Meat”), 73 subcategories (e.g., “White Meat”), and 893 ﬁnal food products (e.g., “Chicken”). The AI4Food-NutritionDB opens the doors to new food computing approaches in terms of food intake frequency, quality, and categorisation. Also, in addition to the database, we propose a standard experimental protocol and benchmark including three tasks based on the nutrition taxonomy (i.e., category, subcategory, and ﬁnal product) to be used for the research community. Finally, we also release our Deep Learning models trained with the AI4Food-NutritionDB, which can be used as pre-trained models, achieving accurate recognition results with challenging food image databases. All these resources are available in GitHub 1 .
Inverting a Permutation is as Hard as Unordered Search

We show how an algorithm for the problem of inverting a permutation may be used to design one for the problem of unordered search (with a unique solution). Since there is a straightforward reduction in the reverse direction, the problems are essentially equivalent. The reduction we present helps us bypass the hybrid argument due to Bennett, Bernstein, Brassard, and Vazirani (1997) and the quantum adversary method due to Ambainis (2002) that were earlier used to derive lower bounds on the quantum query complexity of the problem of inverting permutations. It directly implies that the quantum query complexity of the problem is asymptotically the same as that for unordered search, namely in Θ( √ n). ∗Research supported in part by NSERC Canada, CIFAR, an ERA (Ontario), QuantumWorks, MITACS, and ARO (USA). Research at Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics is supported in part by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through MRI. ACM Classification: F.2. 2, F.1. 3, F.1. 2 AMS Classification: 68Q12, 68Q17, 81P68, 68Q15, 68Q25
Effect of low molecular size humic substances on nitrate uptake and expression of genes involved in nitrate transport in maize ( Zea mays L . )

In this study, a detailed characterization of earthworm low molecular size humic substances (LMS) was performed and these substances were used to study their effect on the nitrate in ̄ux in roots, tissue nitrate content, and expression of maize genes putatively involved in nitrate uptake in maize (Zea mays L.). The results show that the humic fraction with low molecular size used in this study is endowed with the characteristic structural network described for most humic substances so far isolated and con®rm the presence of IAA in this fraction. The results also show that the LMS fraction of humic substances stimulates the uptake of nitrate by roots and the accumulation of the anion at the leaf level. Moreover, the analysis of the expression of genes encoding two putative maize nitrate transporters (ZmNrt2.1 and ZmNrt1.1) and of two maize H-ATPase isoforms (Mha1 and Mha2) show that these substances may exert direct effects on gene transcription in roots, as shown for the Mha2 gene, and long-distance effects in shoots, as observed for the ZmNrt2.1 gene.
The systematic development of a lifestyle intervention to improve older workers ' vitality and the design of a randomised controlled trial evaluating this intervention

Background: A major contributor of early exit from work is a decline in health with increasing age. As healthy lifestyle choices contribute to better health outcomes, an intervention aimed at an improved lifestyle is considered a potentially effective tool to keep older workers healthy and vital, and thereby to prolong labour participation. Methods: Using the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol, a lifestyle intervention was developed based on information obtained from 1) literature, 2) a short lifestyle questionnaire aimed at indentifying the lifestyle behaviours among the target group, and 3) focusgroup (FG) interviews among 36 older workers (aged 45+ years) aimed at identifying: a) key determinants of lifestyle behaviour, b) a definition of vitality, and c) ideas about how vitality can be improved by lifestyle. The main lifestyle problems identified were: insufficient levels of physical activity and insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables. Using information from both literature and FG interviews, vitality consists of a mental and a physical component. The interviewees suggested to improve the mental component of vitality by means of relaxation exercises (e.g. yoga); physical vitality could be improved by aerobic endurance exercise and strength training. The lifestyle intervention (6 months) consists of three visits to a Personal Vitality Coach (PVC) combined with a Vitality Exercise Programme (VEP). The VEP consists of: 1) once a week a guided yoga group session aimed at relaxation exercises, 2) once a week a guided aerobic workout group session aimed at improving aerobic fitness and increasing muscle strength, and 3) older workers will be asked to perform once a week for at least 45 minutes vigorous physical activity without face-to-face instructions (e.g. fitness). Moreover, free fruit will be offered at the group sessions of the VEP. The lifestyle intervention will be evaluated in a RCT among older workers of two major academic hospitals in the Netherlands. At baseline, after 6 and 12 months, measurements (primary: lifestyle and vitality, and secondary: workengagement and productivity) will take place. Discussion: The lifestyle programme is developed specifically tailored to the needs of the older workers and which is aimed at improving their vitality. Trial registration: NTR1240 Published: 10 November 2009 BMC Public Health 2009, 9:408 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-408 Received: 28 September 2009 Accepted: 10 November 2009 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2458/9/408 © 2009 Strijk et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.