Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accessible map visualization prototype

In the use of the Web, one of the main problems for people with visual disability is the use of geographic maps which are visual by nature. This paper presents an accessible map visualization prototype that is designed with WCAG 2.0. For the development of the prototype, we have designed an architecture that helps to mitigate the visual barriers of the online geographical maps. As case study, the prototype displays some maps of the Ecuador. In addition, the prototype has been tested in different browsers and has been evaluated by accessibility tools, thereby, the degree of accessibility of the prototype has been determined in a real environment.
Solanum dulcamara's response to eggs of an insect herbivore comprises ovicidal hydrogen peroxide production.

Plants can respond to insect oviposition, but little is known about which responses directly target the insect eggs and how. Here, we reveal a mechanism by which the bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara kills the eggs of a generalist noctuid herbivore. The plant responded at the site of oviposition by Spodoptera exigua with formation of neoplasms and chlorotic tissue, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and induction of defence genes and proteins. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these responses were reflected in the transcriptional reprogramming of the egg-laden leaf. The plant-mediated egg mortality on S. dulcamara was not present on a genotype lacking chlorotic leaf tissue at the oviposition sites on which the eggs are exposed to less hydrogen peroxide. As exposure to hydrogen peroxide increased egg mortality, while catalase supplementation prevented the plants from killing the eggs, our results suggest that reactive oxygen species formation directly acts as an ovicidal plant response of S. dulcamara.
An evaluation of shock therapy.

In view of these findings, it becomes imperative that shock studies concentrate on investigating the readmission and deteriorating aspects of shock therapy. The findings tend to indicate that shock therapy increases the frequency of readmission and thus raises the question of whether the time saved in the hospital at the first admission is not lost by the early readmission following shock treatment. This is particularly significant since it seems likely that shock therapy does produce deterioration and personality changes which may explain this increased readmission frequency. It is hoped that this paper may stimulate some research in this direction and that more extensive studies will be made.
Induction of incomplete autophagic response by hepatitis C virus via the unfolded protein response

Autophagy is important for cellular homeostasis and can serve as innate immunity to remove intracellular pathogens. Here, we demonstrate by a battery of morphological and biochemical assays that hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces the accumulation of autophagosomes in cells without enhancing autophagic protein degradation. This induction of autophagosomes depended on the unfolded protein response (UPR), as the suppression of UPR signaling pathways suppressed HCV‐induced lipidation of the microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) protein, a necessary step for the formation of autophagosomes. The suppression of UPR or the suppression of expression of LC3 or Atg7, a protein that mediates LC3 lipidation, suppressed HCV replication, indicating a positive role of UPR and the incomplete autophagic response in HCV replication. Conclusion: Our studies delineate the molecular pathway by which HCV induces autophagic vacuoles and also demonstrate the perturbation of the autophagic response by HCV. These unexpected effects of HCV on the host cell likely play an important role in HCV pathogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Modeling the time-varying microstructure of sleep EEG spindles using time-frequency analysis methods

ASSESSMENT OF FETAL HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND REACTIVITY DURING LABOUR – A NOVEL APPROACH Sofia Blad 1 ENTROPY OF THE NEONATAL EEG Nils Löfgen 3 DETECTION OF BURSTS IN THE EEG OF POST ASPHYCTIC NEWBORNS Johan Löfhede 5 THE TRANSCEPHALIC ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE METHOD PRINCIPLES FOR BRAIN TISSUE STATE MONITORING Fernando Seoane 7 SPECTRAL FEATURES OF THE EEG ARE UNLIKELY TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN NORMAL AND EPILEPTIC CHILDREN Laurentiu Barna 9 DERIVING A REAL TIME DEPTH OF ANAESTHESIA INDEX FROM THE MIDDLE LATENCY AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIAL (MLAEP) Assam Taktak 11 A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO EEG ANALYSIS EVOLUTIONARY FEATURE SELECTION FOR SINGLE-TRIAL PATTERN CLASSIFICATION Malin Åberg 13 A METHOD FOR DETECTION OF TRANSIENT EVENTS IN EEG SIGNALS M. Righi 15 TO EXTRACT THE INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS OF THE EVOKED POTENTIALS IN THE EEG USING ICA Barrie Jervis 17 EEG SIGNAL PRE-PROCESSING FOR SEGMENTATION INTO SIGNIFICANT REGIONS, MAJOR ARTEFACTS REMOVAL, AND UNCERTAINTY REDUCTION IN EPILEPTIC SEIZURE CHARACTERIZATION Cristin Bigan 19 EEG FEATURE EXTRACTION AND SELECTION METHODS USING WAVELETS AND ARMA MODEL FOR CLASSIFYING MILD EPILEPTIC SIGNAL PATTERNS V. Sakkalis 21 USING GRAPH THEORETICAL METHODS TO EVALUATE EEG SIGNALS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA. Ellie Pachou 23 EEG DIPOLE SOURCE LOCALIZATION – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Tracy Cassar 25 PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON FEATURE EXTRACTION FOR FUSION OF ECG R-R INTERVALS AND EEG COMPLEXITY FOR EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DETECTION. Thomas Bermudez 27 DETERMINATION OF DOMINANT SIMULATED SPINDLE FREQUENCY WITH DIFFERENT METHODS E. Huupponen 29 MODELING THE TIME-VARYING MIROSTRUCTURE OF SLEEP EEG SPINDLES USING TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS METHODS P. Xanthopoulus 31
In a mouse model relevant for post-traumatic stress disorder, selective brain steroidogenic stimulants (SBSS) improve behavioral deficits by normalizing allopregnanolone biosynthesis

The pathophysiological role of the neurosteroid 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone) in neuropsychiatric disorders has been highlighted in several recent investigations. For instance, allopregnanolone levels are decreased in the CSF of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major unipolar depression. Neurosteroidogenic antidepressants, including fluoxetine and analogs, correct this decrease in a manner that correlates with improved depressive symptoms. PTSD-like behavioral dysfunctions, including heightened aggression, exaggerated fear, and anxiety-like behavior associated with a decrease in corticolimbic allopregnanolone content are modeled in mice by protracted social isolation stress. Allopregnanolone is not only synthesized by principal glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, but also locally, potently, positively, and allosterically modulates GABA action at postsynaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Hence, this paper will review preclinical studies, which show that in socially isolated mice, rather than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor mechanisms, allopregnanolone biosynthesis in glutamatergic corticolimbic neurons offers a nontraditional target for fluoxetine to decrease signs of aggression, normalize fear responses, and decrease anxiety-like behavior. At low selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-inactive doses, fluoxetine and related congeners potently increase allopregnanolone levels by acting as potent selective brain steroidogenic stimulants (SBSS), thereby facilitating GABAA receptor neurotransmission and improving behavioral dysfunctions. Although the precise molecular mechanisms that underlie the action of these drugs are not fully understood, findings from socially isolated mice may ultimately generate insights into novel drug targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and panic disorders, depression, and PTSD.
Distributed Power Control for Cognitive Radios with Primary Protection via Spectrum Sensing

Cognitive radios have been proposed as a solution to the spectrum underutilisation problem and have been proven to increase spectrum efficiency whilst providing opportunities for futuristic technologies. However, increased levels of interference are expected with the introduction of secondary spectrum access, therefore, proper interference management within the cognitive framework is imperative. The interference management problem is herein tackled from the transmitter power control perspective so that transmission by cognitive radio network does not violate the interference level thresholds at the primary receiver. We propose a fully distributed power control framework for cognitive radio network exploiting spectrum use and radio environment knowledge. The proposed algorithm called Distributed Power Control with Primary Protection via Spectrum Sensing has the ability to satisfy tight QoS constraints for cognitive radios as well as to meet interference constraints for primary users.
Potential Population Genetic Consequences of Habitat Fragmentation in Central European Forest Trees and Associated Understorey Species—An Introductory Survey

Habitat fragmentation threatens the maintenance of genetic diversity of affected populations. Assessment of the risks associated with habitat fragmentation is a big challenge as the change in population genetic diversity is a dynamic process, often acting over long time periods and depending on various characteristics pertaining to both species (life history traits) and their populations (extrinsic characteristics). With this survey, we provide an introductory overview for persons who have to make or are interested in making predictions about the fate of forest-dwelling plant populations which have recently become fragmented and isolated from their main occurrences. We provide a concise introduction to the field of population genetics focusing on terms, processes and phenomena relevant to the maintenance of genetic diversity and vitality of plant populations. In particular the antagonistic effects of gene flow and random genetic drift are covered. A special chapter is devoted to Central European tree species (including the Carpathians) which we treat in detail with reference to an extensive literature survey on population genetic studies assembled from the whole of Europe. We further provide an overview of the population biology of associated understorey species. We conclude with recommended steps to be taken for the evaluation of potential perils of habitat fragmentation or population thinning for the genetics of tree populations. The complexity of effects exerted by life history traits and extrinsic characteristics of populations suggest population genetic development is strongly situation dependent. Therefore, we recommend following a case-by-case approach ideally supported by computer simulations to predict future population genetic development of both trees and associated understorey species.
Abnormal event detection in crowd scenes using quaternion discrete cosine transformation signature

In this paper, an abnormal event detection system inspired by the saliency attention mechanism of human visual system is presented. Conventionally, training-based methods assume that anomalies are events with rare appearance, which suffer from visual scale, complexity of normal events and insufficiency of training data. Instead, we make the assumption that anomalies are events that attract human attentions. Temporal and spatial anomaly saliency are considered consistently by representing the value of each pixel in each frame as a quaternion composed of intensity, contour, motion-speed and motion-direction feature. For each quaternion frame, Quaternion Discrete Cosine Transformation (QDCT) and signature operation are applied. The spatio-temporal anomaly saliency map is developed by inverse QDCT and Gaussian smoothing. Abnormal events appear at those areas with high saliency values. Experiments on typical datasets show that our method can achieve high accuracy results.
Product Lines, Features, and MDD1

One of the most important factors of success in the development of a software product line is the elicitation, management, and representation of the variability. In this context, this article explores the advantages of adopting the Model Driven Development (MDD) paradigm in the variability management, including the transformation of feature graphs into UML models. The global picture involves a sequence of models from requirements to features and from both to the architecture (a UML model). The conclusion is positive as the introduction of MDD ideas raises the abstraction level in the instantiation process of the product line. More effort is needed to further evaluate some of the ideas related to MDD transformations: in particular, traceability register is essential if we want to exploit their benefits.
Histological and Histomorphometric Studies of the Effects of Hyaluronic Acid on Osseointegration of Titanium Implant in Rabbits

Background: One of the unique prosthesis for tooth or teeth replacement is the dental implant. Our attempt is using a biomaterial system that is easily obtained and applicable and has the ability to provoke osteoinductive growth factor to enhance bone formation at the site of application. One of these natural polymers is hyaluronic acid. Material and methods: Sixty machined surface implants from commercially pure titanium rod inserted in thirty NewZealand rabbits. Two implants placed in both tibia of each rabbit. The animals scarified at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after implantation (10 rabbits for each interval). For all of animals the right tibia’s implant was control (uncoated) and the left one was experimental (coated with 0.1ml Hyaluronic acid gel). All sections have been stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin then they were histologically examined and assessed for histomorphometric analysis for counting of bone cells (osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast), cortical bone thickness, trabecular width, thread width and marrow space star volume (V*). Results: Histological findings for hyaluronic acid- coated titanium implant revealed an earlier bone formation, mineralization and maturation than that in control groups. Histomorphometric analysis for all bone parameters that examined in this study, showed highly significant difference between control and experimental groups in all healing intervals. Conclusion: Commercially pure titanium endosseous implants coated with hyaluronic acid may be osteocoductive thus accelerating healing process and enhancing osseointegration.
A novel energy-efficient stimuli generator for very-high impedance intracortical microstimulation

We describe in this paper an energy-efficient waveform generator which is dedicated to build a low-power intra-cortical implantable microstimulator. It features novel flexible current-mode stimuli such as half-sine and rising exponential pulses. The output stage of the proposed device consists of an electrode-tissue driver that generates high-voltage supplies on-chip in order to increase the voltage swing and maintain the stimulation in high-impedance interfaces which are due to small electrode areas. The current pulse duration may vary between 10 µs and 7 ms, while its amplitude varies from 2 to 200 µA. A current-mode digital to analog converter used to setup the current magnitude presents a DNL of 1.912×10−4 LSB and an INL of 1.781×10−4 LSB. The dynamic range of generated exponential current pulses reaches 40.66 dB with a linearity error < ±0.5 dB. An output voltage swing of 14.5 V is reached allowing electrical stimulation through 150 kΩ microelectrode-tissue interfaces.
Cochannel speaker separation by harmonic enhancement and suppression

This paper presents a system for separating the cochannel speech of two talkers. The proposed harmonic enhancement and suppression (HES) system is based on a frame-by-frame speaker separation algorithm that exploits the pitch estimate of the stronger talker derived from the cochannel signal. The idea behind this approach is to recover the stronger talker's speech by enhancing their harmonic frequencies and formants given a multiresolution pitch estimate. The weaker talker's speech is obtained from the residual signal created when the harmonics and formants of the stronger talker are suppressed. An automatic speaker assignment algorithm is used to place recovered frames from the target and interfering talkers in separate channels. Automatic speaker assignment performs reasonably well in most cochannel environments, including voiced-on-voiced, voiced-on-unvoiced, unvoiced-on-unvoiced, assignment after processing silence intervals, and single talker speech (no cochannel interference). The HES system has been tested at target-to-interferer ratios (TIRs) from -18 to 18 dB with widely available data bases. It has demonstrated improved performance in keyword spotting tests for TIR values of 6, 12, and 18 dB, and in human listening tests for TIR values of -6 and -18 dB.
Sensitivity Analysis Of An LCL-Filter-Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier Via A "Virtual Circuit" Approach

Three-phase active rectifiers based on the voltage source converter topology can successfully replace traditional thyristor-based rectifiers or diode bridge plus chopper in interfacing dc-systems to the grid. However, if the application in which they are employed has a high safety issue or if there are other loads connected to the same Point of Common Coupling (PCC), and sensitive to the harmonics produced by the switching of the converter, an LCL-filter has to be used. This kind of solution has been studied in theory but its sensitivity to the value of the LCL-filter passive elements employed, to the grid side stiffness and to the parameters of the controller has never been considered in detail. In this paper the experimental results of an LCL-filter-based three-phase active rectifier are analyzed with the circuit theory approach. A "virtual circuit" is synthesized in role of the digital controller and of the feedback filters to have an homogenous model that allows a sensitivity analysis which is rigorous and straightforward for the industry.
A Probabilistic Word Class Tagging Module Based On Surface Pattern Matching

This paper' treats automatic, probabilistic tagging. First, residual, untagged, output from the lexical analyser SWETWOL^ is described and discussed. A method of tagging residual output is proposed and implemented: the left-stripping method. This algorithm, employed by the module ENDTAG, recursively strips a word of its leftmost letter, and looks up the remaining 'ending' in a dictionary. If the ending is found, ENDTAG tags it according to the information found in the dictionary. If the ending is not found in the dictionary, a match is searched in ending lexica containing statistical information about word classes associated with the ending and the relative frequency of each word class. If a match is found in the ending lexica, the word is given graded tagging according to the statistical information in the ending lexica. If no match is found, the ending is stripped of what is now its left-most letter and is recursively searched in dictionary and ending lexica (in that order). The ending lexica containing the statistical informaiton employed in this paper are obtained from a reversed version of Nusvensk Frekvensordbok (Allén 1970), and contain endings of one to seven letters. Success rates for ENDTAG as a stand-alone module are presented.
Muscle paralysis in poliomyelitis

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Methodology and Tools for Pervasive Application Development

Understanding the user's demands and intentions is essential when developing pervasive applications. It ensures proactive decisions and improves usability. However, due to a lack of conceptual development methodology and supporting tools, it is difficult to orient the designs towards user's needs. To make the developer's task feasible, we present a development environment, called PerDE, which supports a novel design method. Our approach combines the notion of the situation with an application model and provides a domain-specific design language and a set of graphical toolkits covering the development life cycle of a pervasive application. We validate our approach on developing a realistic situation and describe the results from a user study that illustrates the expressiveness and usability of PerDE.
Cognitive outcome in adults after bacterial meningitis

Objective: To evaluate cognitive outcome in adult survivors of bacterial meningitis. Methods: Data from three prospective multicentre studies were pooled and reanalysed, involving 155 adults surviving bacterial meningitis (79 after pneumococcal and 76 after meningococcal meningitis) and 72 healthy controls. Results: Cognitive impairment was found in 32% of patients and this proportion was similar for survivors of pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis. Survivors of pneumococcal meningitis performed worse on memory tasks (p<0.001) and tended to be cognitively slower than survivors of meningococcal meningitis (p = 0.08). We found a diffuse pattern of cognitive impairment in which cognitive speed played the most important role. Cognitive performance was not related to time since meningitis; however, there was a positive association between time since meningitis and self-reported physical impairment (p<0.01). The frequency of cognitive impairment and the numbers of abnormal test results for patients with and without adjunctive dexamethasone were similar. Conclusions: Adult survivors of bacterial meningitis are at risk of cognitive impairment, which consists mainly of cognitive slowness. The loss of cognitive speed is stable over time after bacterial meningitis; however, there is a significant improvement in subjective physical impairment in the years after bacterial meningitis. The use of dexamethasone was not associated with cognitive impairment.
Inward rectifier channel, ROMK, is localized to the apical tips of glial‐like cells in mouse taste buds

Cells in taste buds are closely packed, with little extracellular space. Tight junctions and other barriers further limit permeability and may result in buildup of extracellular K+ following action potentials. In many tissues, inwardly rectifying K channels such as the renal outer medullary K (ROMK) channel (also called Kir1.1 and derived from the Kcnj1 gene) help to redistribute K+. Using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), we defined ROMK splice variants in mouse kidney and report here the expression of a single one of these, ROMK2, in a subset of mouse taste cells. With quantitative (q)RT‐PCR, we show the abundance of ROMK mRNA in taste buds is vallate > foliate > > palate > > fungiform. ROMK protein follows the same pattern of prevalence as mRNA, and is essentially undetectable by immunohistochemistry in fungiform taste buds. ROMK protein is localized to the apical tips of a subset of taste cells. Using tissues from PLCβ2‐GFP and GAD1‐GFP transgenic mice, we show that ROMK is not found in PLCβ2‐expressing type II/receptor cells or in GAD1‐expressing type III/presynaptic cells. Instead, ROMK is found, by single‐cell RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence, in most cells that are positive for the taste glial cell marker, Ectonucleotidase2. ROMK is precisely localized to the apical tips of these cells, at and above apical tight junctions. We propose that in taste buds, ROMK in type I/glial‐like cells may serve a homeostatic function, excreting excess K+ through the apical pore, and allowing excitable taste cells to maintain a hyperpolarized resting membrane potential. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:1–14, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.