Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fast-Lock All-Digital Clock Generator for Energy Efficient Chiplet-Based Systems

An all-digital clock frequency multiplier that achieves excellent locking time for an energy-efficient chiplet-based system-on-chip (SoC) design is presented. The proposed architecture is based on an all-digital multiplying delay-locked loop (MDLL) to provide fast locking time and multiplied output clock frequency. The proposed MDLL has two operation modes: TDC tracking and sequential tracking. At the beginning of the operation, the MDLL utilizes a cyclic Vernier time-to-digital converter (TDC) to detect the initial phase error between the reference clock and the output clock. Then the TDC generates a digital code word (DCW) for controlling the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) to achieve a fast lock time. The gains of TDC and DCO are designed to match well with each other, enabling phase and frequency locking in only two searches in the TDC tracking mode. After locking, the TDC is turned off, and the MDLL performs the sequential tracking mode and minimizes jitter by using the delta-sigma modulator (DSM)-based dithering jitter reduction scheme. The prototype all-digital MDLL is fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process and achieves a fast lock time of less than six reference clock cycles at 1.6 GHz from a 100 MHz reference clock. Even when the 100 MHz reference clock has a relatively high RMS jitter of 2.19 ps (peak-to-peak jitter = 15.74 ps), the measured RMS and peak-to-peak jitter values of the 1.6 GHz MDLL output clock are only 2.75 ps and 23.01 ps, respectively. The proposed all-digital MDLL occupies an active area of only 0.024 mm2 and dissipates 3.56 mW at 1.6 GHz.
Efficient direction estimation of uncorrelated sources using polynomial rooting

This paper presents a novel technique for estimating directions of arrival of uncorrelated narrowband sources. It is also shown that, if a uniform linear array is assumed, the estimation can be performed by a computationally attractive rooting technique. It is further shown that the asymptotic covariance of the estimation error attains the proper Cramer-Rao lower bound. The theoretical results presented are compared to computer simulations.
On the deformation and drag of a type-A multiple drop at low Reynolds number

The dynamics of a perfectly symmetric type-A multiple drop is studied. Up to first order in Reynolds number a force balance predicts the size ratios of the two constituents of such a drop to be unique for each system. Inertial effects are shown (a) to be destabilizing and (b) to exclude the possibility of obtaining perfectly concentric type-A droplets in a diffusion column. This latter conclusion is strengthened further by the sedimentation results.
Double beam bent Laue monochromator for coronary angiography

High photon fluxes are crucial in dichromatic digital subtraction angiography with line scan systems to allow for adequate image quality. To obtain images wide enough and with sufficient vertical resolution, each of the two beams used has to be at least 100 mm wide but not more than 0.5 mm high at the patient’s heart with the beam energies bracketing the iodine‐K edge at 33.17 keV. A new monochromator in Laue transmission geometry has been developed, successfully tested at beamline ID11 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and is now in use at the angiography wiggler beamline W2 at HASYLAB. The monochromator consists of two almost identical goniometer heads which are independently controlled. Within each head a bent silicon single crystal extracts a quasimonochromatic beam and focuses it vertically to the patient thus also increasing intensity compared to an unbent crystal. With a storage ring current of 50 mA the new monochromator provides 0.8×1011 photons/mm2/s in front of the patient w.
Training a Singing Transcription Model Using Connectionist Temporal Classification Loss and Cross-Entropy Loss

In this paper, we propose a method that uses a combination of the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss and the cross-entropy loss to train a note-level singing transcription model. By considering the task as predicting a note sequence of the input audio, we can compute the CTC loss between the prediction and the groundtruth note sequence, and further use it with the traditional cross-entropy loss to optimize the transcription model. By comparing the proposed method with a baseline that only utilizes the cross-entropy loss, the results show improved model performance on all the evaluation metrics. Furthermore, using the CTC loss allows the transcription model to learn from weakly labeled data, which is easier to annotate than traditional strongly labeled data. Moreover, we point out the issue of the intrinsic global time shift on the onset labels between datasets. By automatically estimating and calibrating the global time shift of the training dataset, the performance of the singing transcription model is then not affected by the global time shift in the cross-dataset evaluation scenario.
A Brain-Inspired ADC-Free SRAM-Based In-Memory Computing Macro With High-Precision MAC for AI Application

In this brief, an ADC-free SRAM-based IMC macro is proposed, which enables energy-efficient and high-precision MAC operation by brain-inspired computing. We identify two key features that support IMC macro to achieve high energy efficiency and high precision MAC calculation. First, the temporal-coding spiking neuron circuit is used to replace the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to achieve high-efficiency data conversion. Second, the digital adder tree logic eliminates the cost of moving partial sums between PEs and increases the parallelism of the calculations. The mixed-signal SRAM-based IMC macro is designed for processing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms with reconfigurable precisions based on bit-wise input and weight. In an experiment, the proposed SRAM-based IMC macro with an area of 3.41 mm2 was designed in 0.18 $\mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ CMOS technology. Post-layout simulation results indicate that the 16Kb IMC macro achieves 10.8-13.5 TOPS/W with 4-b inputs, 4-b weights, and 14-b MAC-value outputs.
Diagrammatic density matrix theory of transient four-wave mixing and the measurement of transient phenomena

A diagrammatic density matrix perturbation technique is applied to describe transient third-order nonlinear optical processes and their applications to the measurement of transient phenomena. Using this approach, pump probe, parametric scattering, and three-pulse scattering are analyzed in a computationally simple and unified manner. The density matrix allows the description of a wide variety of dynamical processes including population and dephasing relaxation as well as orientational randomization and spatial diffusion. In addition, the diagrams provide a physical interpretation for the density matrix terms that they represent, and the effect of varying experimental parameters for the measurement of transient behavior can often be determined directly from the diagrams. Finally, topological similarities between diagrams provide a unified description of several different transient four-wave mixing measurement techniques.
The centralizer of Komuro-expansive flows and expansive R^d-actions

In this paper we study the centralizer of flows and $\mathbb R^d$-actions on compact Riemannian manifolds. We prove that the centralizer of every $C^\infty$ Komuro-expansive flow with non-ressonant singularities is trivial, meaning it is the smallest possible, and deduce there exists an open and dense subset of geometric Lorenz attractors with trivial centralizer. We show that $\mathbb R^d$-actions obtained as suspension of $\mathbb Z^d$-actions are expansive if and only if the same holds for the $\mathbb Z^d$-actions. We also show that homogeneous expansive $\mathbb R^d$-actions have quasi-trivial centralizers, meaning that it consists of orbit invariant, continuous linear reparametrizations of the $\mathbb R^d$-action. In particular, homogeneous Anosov $\mathbb R^d$-actions have quasi-trivial centralizer.
Design of a High-Order 2 × 2 SIW Cavity-Backed Patch Subarray and Its Application in Millimeter-Wave CP Filtenna Array

A novel millimeter-wave 2 × 2 substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed patch subarray with a simplified feeding structure is presented. Two higher order SIW cavity modes (quasi-TE410 and quasi-TE330 modes) are designed using eigenmode analysis to support 2 × 2 patches with in-phase radiation. The proposed 2 × 2 patch subarray has multiple resonant modes and a simplified feeding network. Moreover, this subarray can create a radiation null at the upper band edge, which helps to synthesize the filtering response. To verify the potential application in large-scale array, four 2 × 2 subarrays are combined into a 4 × 4 circularly polarized filtenna array with a filtering sequentially rotated feeding network. The measurements of the fabricated filtenna array show an operating bandwidth of 8.9% from 26.6 to 29.1 GHz (|S11| < −10 dB and AR < 3 dB), a peak gain of 15.9 dBic, and stable boresight radiation patterns. Excellent bandpass filtering response with high out-of-band rejection levels of 32 and 48 dB in the lower and upper stopbands, respectively, is observed.
Swarming in domains with boundaries: Approximation and regularization by nonlinear diffusion

We consider an aggregation model with nonlinear diffusion in domains with boundaries and investigate the zero diffusion limit of its solutions. We establish the convergence of weak solutions for fixed times, as well as the convergence of energy minimizers in this limit. Numerical simulations that support the analytical results are presented. A second key scope of the numerical studies is to demonstrate that adding small nonlinear diffusion rectifies a flaw of the plain aggregation model in domains with boundaries, which is to evolve into unstable equilibria (non-minimizers of the energy).
Astaxanthin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis by Inhibiting the Expression of Signal Molecule NF-kB and Inflammatory Genes in Mice

Background: This study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of astaxanthin, on atopic dermatitis.Methods: Changes in mouse body weight, lymph node weight, and the degree of improvement in symptoms were measured to determine the inflammatory response. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests were performed to determine the degree of expression of inflammation-related cytokines (IL-31 and IL-33 and chemokines such as CCL17 and CCL22), and western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of inflammation-related factors (iNOS, COX-2, and NF-kB signaling molecules p-IkBα, p50, p-65 and pSTAT3). Results: The degree of symptoms significantly improved in the PA+AX group. Lymph node weight in the PA+AX group was lower than the PA group. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-31, IL-33, and inflammatory chemokines such as CCL17 and CCL22) were significantly reduced in the PA+AX group compared with the PA group. The expression of inflammatory genes (iNOS, COX-2, NF-kB and signaling molecules (p-IkBα, p50, p65, and p-STAT 3) was lower in the PA+AX group compared with the PA group.Conclusion: Astaxanthin may modulate the inflammatory response in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
A novel low-rank matrix completion approach to estimate missing entries in Euclidean distance matrices

A Euclidean Distance Matrix (EDM) is a table of distance-square between points on a k- dimensional Euclidean space, with applications in many fields (e.g. engineering, geodesy, economics, genetics, biochemistry, psychology). A problem that often arises is the absence (or uncertainty) of some EDM elements. In many situations, only a subset of all pairwise distances is available and it is desired to have some procedure to estimate the missing distances. In this paper, we address the problem of missing data in EDM through low-rank matrix completion techniques. We exploit the fact that the rank of a EDM is at most k+2 and does not depend on the number of points, which is, in general, much bigger then k. We use a Singular Value Decomposition approach that considers the rank of the matrix to be completed and computes, in each iteration, a parameter that controls the convergence of the method. After performing a number of computational experiments, we could observe that our proposal was able to recover, with high precision, random EDMs with more than one thousand points and up to 98 percent of missing data in few minutes. Additionally, our method required a smaller number of iterations when compared to other competitive state-of-art technique.
Health economic perspective on a community-based intervention for older people at risk of care dependency – results of a prospective quasi-experimental study

This prospective, quasi-experimental study aims to compare healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs of a multi-component care approach for older people in a community setting (intervention group (IG)) with usual care in a matched control group (CG) during a 21-month observation period. The reablement-oriented intervention included a geriatric assessment, a case and network management and digital supporting tools. Regression models were applied to determine intervention effects regarding hospitalization, total hospital length of stay (LOS), number of physician consultations, and healthcare costs using claims data. 872 subjects were included in the IG and 1,768 in the CG. The analyses showed that the intervention did not affect hospitalization (OR = 1.153; 95% CI: 0.971–1.369, p = .105). However, participating in the IG lead to a small but significant increase of physician contacts by a factor of 1.078 (Exp(ß) = 1.078; 95% CI: 1.011–1.149; p = . 022). A non-significant mean difference in costs of €1,183 (95% CI: €−261.6 to €2,627.6, p = .108) per participant was identified. Further research is needed to generate robust evidence on the optimal design of care approaches for older people and the health economic implications of such interventions to improve care and resource allocation decision-making. Trial registration: The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00027866).
Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Devices and Wet-Chem Analyses for Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) Quality Assessment: An Environmental Performance Comparison

Background and Aims. The composition of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) at harvest is a key factor that determines the future quality of wine. The work aimed to evaluate and compare the environmental impact of the most evaluated technological parameters using three approaches: the wet-chem method, the optical method using benchtop devices, and the optical method using a prototype smart and cost-effective device (Technology Readiness Level: 5). Methods and Results. The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used to identify the most environmentally sustainable solution in a “from-cradle-to-grave” approach. The functional unit was identified by the execution of the analyses necessary to measure the three technological parameters: TSS, pH, and TA. The findings show that the optical analysis carried out with the prototype is the most suitable and green solution (i.e., with the lowest environmental impact in all the impact categories analysed); in fact, the same technology has proved to be 3.2 times more sustainable than the wet-chem method for the best average environmental performance. Conclusions. The research demonstrated the environmental impact advantages of the optical analyses for assessment of grape composition. Significance of the Study. Innovations in agriculture and the development of smart solutions represent advantages for managing and monitoring the composition of agri-food products that are a green solution for the industry.
Perspectives on stopping behavior : process analyses of stop-signal inhibition

t Thiss study examines the effect of respons e readines on the stopping of motor responses . Thirteenn subject s performed a primary task requiring a speede d choice reaction on go trialss and respons e inhibition on nogo trials. An occasiona l cue informed subject s that a nogoo trial was imminent but left them uncertai n about the number of go trials separating thee cue and the upcoming nogo trial. This setup was meant to creat e test episodes of reducedd respons e readines (i.e., trial sequence s initiated by the cue and terminated by the nogoo signal ) and control episodes , in which subject s were ready to execut e a speede d choicee reaction (i.e., trial sequence s consisting only of go trials). During both episodes , a visuall stop signal could occasionall y and unpredictabl y follow go signal onset , instructing subject ss to withhold their respons e to the go signal . Choice reactions on go trials were delayedd during test episodes relative to control episodes . Most importantly, stop reactions weree delayed, not facilitated, during test episodes compared to control episodes . These findingss were taken to sugges t that reduced readines gives rise to more forceful responsess that are then more difficult to inhibit.
Opers and the twisted Bogomolny equations

In this paper, we study the dimensionally reduced twisted Kapustin-Witten equations on the product of a compact Riemann surface $\Sigma$ with $\mathbb{R}^+$. The main result is a Kobayashi-Hitchin type correspondence between the space of tilted Nahm pole solutions and the moduli space of Beilinson-Drinfeld opers. This corroborates a prediction of Gaiotto and Witten \cite[p.971]{gaiotto2012knot}.
Xeno-Free Integrated Platform for Robust Production of Cardiomyocyte Sheets from hiPSCs

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be efficiently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs), which can be used for cardiac disease modeling, for drug screening, and to regenerate damaged myocardium. Implementation of xeno-free culture systems is essential to fully explore the potential of these cells. However, differentiation using xeno-free adhesion matrices often results in low CM yields and lack of functional CM sheets, capable of enduring additional maturation stages. Here, we established a xeno-free CM differentiation platform using TeSR/Synthemax, including a replating step and integrated with two versatile purification/enrichment metabolic approaches. Results showed that the replating step was essential to reestablish a fully integrated, closely-knit CM sheet. In addition, replating contributed to increase the cTnT expression from 65% to 75% and the output from 2.2 to 3.1 CM per hiPSC, comparable with the efficiency observed when using TeSR/Matrigel. In addition, supplementation with PluriSin1 and Glu−Lac+ medium allowed increasing the CM content over 80% without compromising CM sheet integrity or functionality. Thus, this xeno-free differentiation platform is a reliable and robust method to produce hiPSC-derived CMs, increasing the possibility of using these cells safely for a wide range of applications.
Diazotrophy modulates cyanobacteria stoichiometry through functional traits that determine bloom magnitude and toxin production

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are an increasing threat to water quality. The interactions between two ecophysiological functional traits of cyanobacteria, diazotrophy (nitrogen [N]‐fixation) and N‐rich cyanotoxin synthesis, have never been examined in a stoichiometric explicit manner. We explored how a gradient of resource N : phosphorus (P) affects the biomass, N, P stoichiometry, light‐harvesting pigments, and cylindrospermopsin production in a N‐fixing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon. Low N : P Aphanizomenon cultures produced the same biomass as populations grown in high N : P cultures. The biomass accumulation determined by carbon, indicated low N : P Aphanizomenon cultures did not have a N‐fixation growth trade‐off, in contrast to some other diazotrophs that maintain stoichiometric N homeostasis at the expense of growth. However, N‐fixing Aphanizomenon populations produced less particulate cylindrospermopsin and had undetectable dissolved cylindrospermopsin compared to non‐N‐fixing populations. The pattern of low to high cyanotoxin cell quotas across an N : P gradient in the diazotrophic cylindrospermopsin producer is similar to the cyanotoxin cell quota response in nondiazotrophic cyanobacteria. We suggest that diazotrophic cyanobacteria may be characterized into two broad functional groups, the N‐storage‐strategists and the growth‐strategists, which use N‐fixation differently and may determine patterns of bloom magnitude and toxin production in nature.
Upper Bounds for Ordered Ramsey Numbers of Small 1-Orderings

A $k$-ordering of a graph $G$ assigns distinct order-labels from the set $\{1,\ldots,|G|\}$ to $k$ vertices in $G$. Given a $k$-ordering $H$, the ordered Ramsey number $R_<(H)$ is the minimum $n$ such that every edge-2-coloring of the complete graph on the vertex set $\{1, \ldots, n\}$ contains a copy of $H$, the $i$th smallest vertex of which either has order-label $i$ in $H$ or no order-label in $H$. This paper conducts the first systematic study of ordered Ramsey numbers for $1$-orderings of small graphs. We provide upper bounds for $R_<(H)$ for each connected $1$-ordering $H$ on $4$ vertices. Additionally, for every $1$-ordering $H$ of the $n$-vertex path $P_n$, we prove that $R_<(H) \in O(n)$. Finally, we provide an upper bound for the generalized ordered Ramsey number $R_<(K_n, H)$ which can be applied to any $k$-ordering $H$ containing some vertex with order-label $1$.
Spectral Statistics of Sparse Random Graphs with a General Degree Distribution

We consider the adjacency matrices of sparse random graphs from the Chung-Lu model, where edges are added independently between the $N$ vertices with varying probabilities $p_{ij}$. The rank of the matrix $(p_{ij})$ is some fixed positive integer. We prove that the distribution of eigenvalues is given by the solution of a functional self-consistent equation. We prove a local law down to the optimal scale and prove bulk universality. The results are parallel to \cite{Erdos2013b} and \cite{Landon2015}.
Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions for Competitive Models with Free Boundaries

In this paper, we study a competitive model involving two species. When the competition is strong enough, the two species are separated by a free boundary. If the initial data has a positive bound at infinity. We prove that the solution will converge, as $t\rightarrow \infty$, to the traveling wave solution and the free boundary will move to infinity with a constant speed.
A group theoretical approach to structural transitions of icosahedral quasicrystals and point arrays

In this paper we describe a group theoretical approach to the study of structural transitions of icosahedral quasicrystals and point arrays. We apply the concept of Schur rotations, originally proposed by Kramer, to the case of aperiodic structures with icosahedral symmetry; these rotations induce a rotation of the physical and orthogonal spaces invariant under the icosahedral group, and hence, via the cut-and-project method, a continuous transformation of the corresponding model sets. We prove that this approach allows for a characterisation of such transitions in a purely group theoretical framework, and provide explicit computations and specific examples. Moreover, we prove that this approach can be used in the case of finite point sets with icosahedral symmetry, which have a wide range of applications in carbon chemistry (fullerenes) and biology (viral capsids).
Quasi-Hamiltonian Model Spaces

Let $K$ be a simple and simply connected compact Lie group. We call a quasi-Hamiltonian $K$-manifold $M$ a quasi-Hamiltonian model space if it is multiplicity free and its moment map is surjective. We classify all quasi-Hamiltonian model spaces by identifying a certain lattice that uniquely determines the space.