Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory dose-response relationship of isoflurane in Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) during spontaneous ventilation

Anesthesia is an inevitably important component of diagnosis and treatments examining the health condition of wild animals. Not only does anesthesia become an essential tool in minimizing stress of the patients and providing an opportunity to deliver accurate and safe procedures, but it also ensures the safety of the medical crew members. This study was conducted to investigate the dose-response cardiorespiratory effects of isoflurane during spontaneous ventilation in ten cinereous vultures. Each bird was administered isoflurane at initial concentration of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 and then an end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (ETiso) of 1.0% for an equilibration period of 15 min in the given order. At the end of the equilibration period, the direct blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and end tidal CO2 partial pressure (PETCO2) were recorded, and blood gas analysis was performed. Increasing isoflurane concentrations during spontaneous ventilation led to dose-dependent increases in HR and PETCO2, with minimal changes in RR, decreased arterial BP and respiratory acidosis. Overall, isoflurane for anesthesia of spontaneously breathing cinereous vultures is a suitable choice for diagnostic or surgical procedures.
Ecological Determinants of Divorce: A Structural Approach to the Explanation of Japanese Divorce

This paper examines the ecological determinants of contemporary Japanese divorce rates on the prefectural level. LISREL and computer-generated graphics are the analytic methods used. The aggregate level of analysis demands the use of the ecological model which posits that demographic changes, economic activities, migration patterns, and the level of urbanization are significant predictors of divorce rate. Our analysis demonstrates that sex ratio, female labor force participation, female in-migration patterns, population increase, and net household income all play a significant role in affecting the divorce rate. Our findings also confirm the well-supported hypothesis that both population density and modernization positively influence modern Japan's divorce rates. The residual analysis also points out that in order to account for the large proportion of the unexplained variance of Japanese divorce, behavioral-related variables and island- or prefecture-specific dimensions need to be included in the ecological model of divorce.
Rural RHIOs: Common Issues in the Development of Two State-wide Health Information Networks

UNLABELLED Over one hundred Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs) are under development in the United States. Many of these will fail but many will become a vital part of the Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). METHODS Documentation was reviewed and summarized and a core group of Vermont Information Technology Leaders (VITL, Inc.) were interviewed to ascertained lessons learned in the development of Vermont's RHIO. RESULTS Issues were grouped into five major categories: early planning, organization, education and marketing, technology, and financial sustainability. CONCLUSION There are a number of commonalities about all RHIOs but also a number of differences predicated on location. RHIOs must remain dynamic and learn from others in order to survive.
Hypertensive cardiac remodeling in males and females: from the bench to the bedside.

Cardiovascular diseases affect women and men differently: there are sex-dependent differences in the age at which they become manifest, in the pathophysiologic consequences of various insults, in the relative importance of risk factors, and in the responses to several treatments (as reviewed recently). 1,2 Although many of these differences may relate to modifications of the lipid profile, as well as differences in the functions of endothelial and/or vascular smooth muscle cells, it is becoming clear that direct actions within the heart itself must also be considered. The current review will, therefore, focus on sex-specific differences in the remodeling responses of cardiac ventricles to various challenges. At baseline, male and female hearts display several differences: (1) coronary artery size is smaller in women3; (2) there are differences in the electrophysiological properties of the hearts, as females have faster resting heart rates and longer rate-corrected QT intervals4,5; (3) male and female hearts differ in terms of the pattern of expression of certain genes6; and (4) there are differences in the contractile properties of male and female hearts.7,8 More importantly, there are significant differences in the way male and female hearts respond to various challenges. In rodents, aortic banding-induced pressure overload increases left ventricular mass to the same extent in males and females, but function is better preserved in females, and males show an early transition to heart failure.9,10 In rats, volume overload induces eccentric dilated hypertrophy in male Sprague–Dawley rats but not in females.11 Differences in the remodeling responses can also be seen after myocardial infarction (MI), because female rats develop less thickening of noninfarcted regions and less pronounced diastolic dysfunction than their male counterparts,12 and post-MI rupture of the left ventricle is less frequent in female than in male mice.13,14 …
Places: Widening the Scope of an Ecological Approach to Perception–Action With an Emphasis on Child Development

ABSTRACT An animal's habitat is filled with places that support activities in daily life. There are places, for example, that afford sleeping, eating, hiding, and gathering with others. Most places reflect the environment's nested structure. Even as perception–action is coupled to structure at the level of affordances, it is also coupled especially in human societies to dynamic structures at the level of places within which affordances are nested. These places have a distinctive complexity arising from the collective actions of individuals. For this reason, place-specific activities in human habitats are nearly always embedded in collective social practices. If children are to function adaptively as social beings in the community where they develop and live from day to day, they must learn not only where such places are located but also and critically how to participate in them. Owing to shared intersubjective intentions that give rise to places as behavior settings, individuals' actions in community settings are normatively constrained in the course of their participating in those settings. Consideration of the place within which perception–action is nested is indispensable if we hope to attain an adequate understanding of human perception–action in community settings as well as in some of the settings where research is conducted.
EDITOR'S CHOICE: Small‐scale restoration in intensive agricultural landscapes supports more specialized and less mobile pollinator species

© 2015 British Ecological Society. Agriculture now constitutes 40-50% of terrestrial land use globally. By enhancing habitat suitability and connectivity, restoration within agricultural landscapes could have a major influence on biodiversity conservation. However, habitat management within intensive agricultural landscapes may primarily boost abundances of common, highly mobile generalists, rather than vulnerable or endangered species. We studied pollinator community response to small-scale habitat restoration in the intensively farmed Central Valley of California to determine whether restoration could also promote more specialized, less common and/or less mobile species. Composition of pollinator communities was assessed in five experimental and 10 control (unrestored) sites before and after restoration of native plant hedgerows over an 8-year period, using a before-after control-impact design. We characterized bee and fly species based on functional response traits [floral specialization, habitat specialization, abundance, body size and sociality (bees only)] known to influence the response to habitat change. We modelled how species occurrences changed with habitat restoration over time as modulated by their response traits. We found that hedgerows not only significantly enhanced occurrences of native bee and syrphid fly species, but that as hedgerows matured, they had a greater positive effect on species that were more specialized in floral and nesting resources and smaller (less mobile). Synthesis and applications. Unlike previous studies that suggest habitat restoration in agricultural landscapes only benefits mobile, generalist species, our results suggest that small-scale habitat restoration can promote species whose traits likely render them particularly vulnerable to habitat degradation. Thus, even within highly intensive agricultural landscapes, small-scale habitat restoration can be a conservation management tool. However, tailoring habitat enhancements to promote certain species or guilds may be critical for their success as a conservation intervention in agricultural landscapes. Unlike previous studies that suggest habitat restoration in agricultural landscapes only benefits mobile, generalist species, our results suggest that small-scale habitat restoration can promote species whose traits likely render them particularly vulnerable to habitat degradation. Thus, even within highly intensive agricultural landscapes, small-scale habitat restoration can be a conservation management tool. However, tailoring habitat enhancements to promote certain species or guilds may be critical for their success as a conservation intervention in agricultural landscapes.
Assessing anger regulation in middle childhood: development and validation of a behavioral observation measure

An observational measure of anger regulation in middle childhood was developed that facilitated the in situ assessment of five maladaptive regulation strategies in response to an anger-eliciting task. 599 children aged 6–10 years (M = 8.12, SD = 0.92) participated in the study. Construct validity of the measure was examined through correlations with parent- and self-reports of anger regulation and anger reactivity. Criterion validity was established through links with teacher-rated aggression and social rejection measured by parent-, teacher-, and self-reports. The observational measure correlated significantly with parent- and self-reports of anger reactivity, whereas it was unrelated to parent- and self-reports of anger regulation. It also made a unique contribution to predicting aggression and social rejection.
A 60-GHz Power Amplifier With AM–PM Distortion Cancellation in 40-nm CMOS

This paper presents a complementary push-pull 60-GHz power amplifier (PA) in 40-nm CMOS. The proposed technique is used to mitigate the amplitude to phase modulation (AM-PM) distortion caused by the nonlinear input capacitance of an MOS transistor. By operating in deep class-AB mode, the back-off efficiency of the PA is improved without compromising gain. The proposed interstage transformer with two secondary windings enables right impedance transformation concurrently for the two separate transistors with independent biasing ability. The two-stage PA achieves a gain of 22.4 dB, power added efficiency (PAE) PAEMAX of 23%, and saturated output power (PSAT) of 16.4 dBm with 8% PAE at 6 dB back-off. With <;0.8° AM-PM distortion, the linearity is demonstrated by amplifying a 250-MHz 3-Gb/s 64-QAM signal with 7 dBm of average output power and achieve an error vector magnitude (EVM) of -25.2 dB and >35 dB of adjacent channel power ratio. Also a comparison with a common-source PA is presented, which shows its limitation in dealing with AM-PM distortion.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Improving the Distinguishing of Emotional States in Children with High Functioning Autism Disorder

Objective: The present study evaluates the effects of cognitive rehabilitation on remediation of recognition of emotional states in children with high-functioning autism disorder. Method: In this single-subject design study, 4 children with highfunctioning autism participated with an intact sampling method, and receive 14 sessions of cognitive rehabilitation. Benton Face Recognition Test was administered in 6 series of time (2 week and immediately before intervention, after 4 th , 10 th and 14 th session and 2 week after intervention as follow up). Data analysis was performed by visual analysis, and effect size was computed subsequently. Results: The results showed that the subjects' performance improved significantly. As well, the effect of the training program was effective in distinguishing emotional states. Conclusion: This study showed that short-term intensive training could be helpful in remediation emotional states distinguishing ability in children with autism. This study supports the efficacy of “Persia Program” in improving the emotional states distinguishing skills in these children.
Cell and Tissue Transplant Strategies for Joint Lesions

Articular cartilage lesions that do not disrupt the integrity of subchondral bone are not capable of spontaneous repair. The asymptomatic nature of these lesions leads to articular cartilage degeneration and development of the os- teoarthritic process. To avoid joint replacement surgery, several cellular therapies have been developed. These therapies focus on the regeneration of a new tissue, whose structure, biochemistry composition and function should be the same as those of endogenous articular cartilage. Current approaches for interrupting the osteoarthritic process produce a fibrocartilaginous tissue, not articular cartilage. The implantation of autologous chondrocytes and autologous mosaicplasty induces a better quality of articular cartilage; however, both techniques damage the existing cartilage because of the need to harvest large numbers of chondrocytes or to extract an osteochondral cylinder for implantation. While stem cells are a promising tool for repairing articular carti- lage, their use is in an early experimental stage at this time. Although studies of cell therapy have shown clinical and func- tional improvement in joints, the ability to regenerate articular cartilage that resists the degeneration process remains elu- sive.
Molecular Evidence for the Early Specification of Presumptive Functional Domains in the Embryonic Primate Cerebral Cortex

To identify molecules that may play a role in the initiation of cerebral cortical area formation, we examined the expression of the Eph receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, during primate corticogenesis. We selected the macaque monkey neocortex because of its clear areal subdivisions, large surface area, protracted development (gestation = 165 d), and similarity to the human brain.In situ hybridizations, performed at early [embryonic day 65 (E65)], middle (E80), and late (E95) stages of cortical development, revealed that EphA system family members are expressed in distinct gradients and laminar and areal domains in the embryonic neocortex. Indeed, several regionally restricted molecular patterns are already apparent within the cortical plate at E65, before the formation of thalamocortical connections, suggesting that the initial expression of some EphA system members is regulated by programs intrinsic to cortical cells. For example, EphA3, EphA6, and EphA7 are all selectively expressed within the presumptive visual cortex. However, although EphA6 and EphA7 are present throughout this region, EphA3 is only expressed in the prospective extrastriate cortex, suggesting that cortical cells harbor functional biases that may influence the formation of appropriate synaptic connections. Although several patterns of early gene expression are stable (e.g., EphA3, EphA4, and EphA6), others change as development proceeds (e.g., EphA5, EphA7, ephrin-A2, ephrin-A3, and ephrin-A5), perhaps responding to extrinsic cues. Thus, at E95, after connections between the cortical plate and thalamus have formed, receptor subtypes EphA3, EphA5, EphA6, and EphA7 and the ligand ephrin-A5 are expressed in posterior regions, whereas EphA4 and ephrin-A2 and ephrin-A3 are either uniformly distributed or anteriorly biased. Taken together, our results demonstrate molecular distinctions among cells of the embryonic primate neocortex, revealing hitherto unrecognized compartmentalization early in corticogenesis.
Iterative Protein Alignment Algorithm ( IPA )

A new algorithm is proposed for protein alignment based on their 3D structures. Initial protein matching uses comparison of their secondary structure elements. Each element of secondary structure is described by a vector representing its principal axis of inertia. All possible pairs of vectors from both proteins are chosen to compute similarity function values. A number of matched vector pairs with the best values of similarity function are considered as initial matches. Then, for all initial matches Fractional Iterative Closest Point algorithm is applied to improve correspondence between proteins.
Neuropsychology of Motivated Forgetting

When confronted with an unwelcome reminder, people often inhibit the unwanted memory from awareness, a process that causes forgetting. This suppression-induced forgetting (SIF), also sometimes known as motivated forgetting, can be empirically measured by the Think/No-Think (TNT) task. Chapter 1 reviews the literature on memory inhibition. Imaging work indicates suppressing retrieval engages the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC), which in turn may inhibit the retrieval processes within the hippocampus. This thesis, using a range of methods, aims to better understand the neuropsychology of motivated forgetting. Chapter 2 investigates whether the ability to inhibit unwanted memories can be modulated through electrical stimulation. Stimulation methods do not appear to improve inhibition, at least in this cohort, one possible reason for this being the increased perceived thought control ability. Chapter 3 reports the first ever adaptation of the TNT task in patients with unilateral frontal lesions. Pilot testing in Chapter 4 reports the study in patients with unilateral frontal lesions. The results suggested that patients with left frontal lesions showed a robust SIF, compared to those with right-frontal lesions who showed none. Finally, Chapter 5 attempted to identify the structural connectivity underlying inhibitory control of motivated forgetting. The results indicate that the DLPFC is connected to the hippocampus by a subset of the two tracts, namely the anterior thalamic projection connecting the DLPFC to the caudate nucleus, and the fornix. Future directions to expand on the finding of this thesis are discussed in Chapter 6.
Micropatterned agarose gels for stamping arrays of proteins and gradients of proteins

We describe a method for repetitive and rapid formation of planar microarrays and gradients of proteins using patterned agarose stamps. It demonstrates: (i) micropatterning of agarose gels with feature sizes as small as 2 μm; (ii) inking of posts (diameter 50–1000 μm) on patterned agarose stamps with one or multiple (here, eight) proteins and repetitive stamping of patterns (>100 times in the case of one protein) and arrays (20 times in the case of eight proteins) without the need for intermediate re‐inking; (iii) transferring spots of proteins with good homogeneity in surface coverage to glass slides; (iv) applying this technique to surface‐based immunoassays; (v) stamping that requires only sub‐nanomolar amounts of protein (typically ∼3 μg in ∼0.6 μL of solution); (vi) stamping without the need for drying of the proteins, as opposed to stamping with stamps made of poly(dimethylsiloxane); and (vii) patterning gradients of proteins by allowing two proteins to diffuse toward each other in an agarose stamp, followed by printing the protein gradients onto a surface.
An Enterprise Architecture Management Pattern for Software Change Project Cost Analysis

Business environments today progress and change rapidly. Most business processes are supported by information systems and since the business processes change the information systems need to be changed as well. An essential issue with today’s software systems is that many of them are interconnected, thus a change to one system may cause a ripple effect among other systems. Also, numerous systems have been developed and modified during many years and to make further changes to them requires a lot of effort from the organization. This paper suggests enterprise architecture as an approach to model software systems and their environment. An enterprise architecture management pattern in the form of a metamodel for change project costs modeling and analysis is presented. IT decision makers can use this metamodel in order to make cost predictions and do risk analysis for their change projects. The employment of the model is illustrated with ten projects.
A physiologically based hypothesis for learning proprioception and in approximating inverse kinematics

A long‐standing problem in muscle control is the “curse of dimensionality”. In part, this problem relates to the fact that coordinated movement is only achieved through the simultaneous contraction and extension of multitude muscles to specific lengths. Couched in robotics terms, the problem includes the determination of forward and inverse kinematics. Of the many neurophysiological discoveries in cortex is the existence of position gradients. Geometrically, position gradients are described by planes in Euclidean space whereby neuronal activity increases as the hand approaches locations that lie in a plane. This work demonstrates that position gradients, when coupled with known physiology in the spinal cord, allows for a way to approximate proprioception (forward kinematics) and to specify muscle lengths for goal‐directed postures (inverse kinematics). Moreover, position gradients provide a means to learn and adjust kinematics as animals learn to move and grow. This hypothesis is demonstrated using computer simulation of a human arm. Finally, experimental predictions are described that might confirm or falsify the hypothesis.
Enhancing Conversational Moves for Portable Dialogue Systems

Spoken dialogue interfaces are nding usage in a number of important applications. Conversational moves are the atoms of the interaction between a user and the computer system. We are building a portable toolkit for constructing dialogue interfaces in diier-ent applications. Portability requires that we endow this toolkit with a wide range of conversational moves. The conversational moves conventionally studied apply well to the speciic applications for which they were designed. However, traditional move-sets are too limited for a number of important situations when more general applications are considered. In particular , they are not well-suited to mixed-initiative dialogue , nor to prolonged dialogue, and lack authoriza-tional, transactional, and presentational primitives to adapt to complex backend information systems. We have developed a fuller set of conversational moves based on the analysis of two diierent domains in database access and on the document retrieval application .