Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of recent progress on stress tolerance in tardigrades

Tardigrades are tiny semi-terrestrial animals with an extremely strong tolerance to stress. They are famous for their ability to enter the state of cryptobiosis, in which metabolism stops reversibly, providing tardigrades with the potential to survive conditions under extreme stress. Research into the mechanisms of stress tolerance and cryptobiosis in tardigrades has aroused wide attention, as the discoveries can bring enlightenments to different fields, such as the development of aerospace biotechnology. Due to its great importance, the review below aims to provide an insight into the new studies in stress tolerance in tardigrades, as this field still lacks an overview of the recent progress in these years. The essay begins with an introduction to cryptobiosis in tardigrades. It then describes progress in four parts on tardigrades stress tolerance, specifically the drought, radiation, ice, and hunger attacks. The final part summarizes and presents a vision for the future in tardigrades stress tolerance study. Besides having insights into the tardigrades’ strong tolerance to extreme conditions, this paper also provides a better understanding in the future application of the potential mechanism of stress tolerance in tardigrades.
Evaluation of adaptive algorithms for detection and classification of fluorescent aerosols in the atmosphere

Photon counting technologies are developed and could be used in the future to measure the return from laser induced fluorescence. Currently, the spectral detection of light emitted by fluorescing aerosols is performed with ICCD, Intensified Charge Coupled Device. The signal to noise ratio of ICCD devices is smaller by a factor of √2compared to photon counting devices having the same sensitivity. We studied the impact of this difference of signal to noise ratio on the capability of multivariate detection and classification algorithms to operate on various conditions. Signal simulations have been performed to obtain ROC (Receiver Operation Characteristics) Curves and Confusion Matrix to obtain the detection performance and the ability of algorithms to discriminate a potential source from another. Two detection algorithms are used, the Integrated Laser Induced Fluorescence(ILIF) and the Matched Filter. For the classification, three algorithms are used, the Adaptive Matched Filter (AMF), the Adaptive Coherent Estimator (ACE) and the Adaptive Least Squares (ALS). The best algorithm for detection is the AMF using the signature of the material present in a cloud, the ILIF detector performs very well. For the classification, the three algorithms are surprisingly giving the same results for the same data. The classification performs better if the distance between the signatures recorded in a database is important. The performance of the detector and of the classificator improves with an increase of the signal to noise ratio and is consistently and significantly better for the photon counting compared to ICCD.
Disappearance of allowed bands in light scattering from a binary photonic crystal beyond the second critical angle

We consider light scattering from a binary (two-layered) photonic crystal. When the index of refraction of the incident medium exceeds that of either layer, total internal reflection may occur, which is a type of phase transition. At band edges (similar to the case where the index of refraction of the incident medium is less than those of the layers), the two Bloch waves describing propagation become degenerate and a hybrid Floquet mode is required to understand the response. For angles of incidence exceeding the second critical angle (when total internal reflection occurs in both layers), the allowed bands disappear entirely.
Imaging Diagnosis of Various Hepatocellular Carcinoma Subtypes and Its Hypervascular Mimics: Differential Diagnosis Based on Conventional Interpretation and Artificial Intelligence

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unique among malignancies, and its characteristics on contrast imaging modalities allow for a highly accurate diagnosis. The radiological differentiation of focal liver lesions is playing an increasingly important role, and the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System adopts a combination of major features including arterial phase hyper-enhancement (APHE) and the washout pattern. Summary: Specific HCCs such as well or poorly differentiated type, subtypes including fibrolamellar or sarcomatoid and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma do not often demonstrate APHE and washout appearance. Meanwhile, hypervascular liver metastases and hypervascular intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma can demonstrate APHE and washout. There are still other hypervascular malignant liver tumors (i.e., angiosarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma) and hypervascular benign liver lesions (i.e., adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, angiomyolipoma, flash filling hemangioma, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, inflammatory lesion, arterioportal shunt), which need to be distinguished from HCC. When a patient has chronic liver disease, differential diagnosis of hypervascular liver lesions can be even more complicated. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has been widely explored, and recent advancement in the field of deep learning has provided promising performance for the analysis of medical images, especially radiological imaging data contain diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information which AI can extract. The AI research studies have demonstrated high accuracy (over 90% accuracy) for classifying lesions with typical imaging features from some hepatic lesions. The AI system has a potential to be implemented in clinical routine as decision support tools. However, for the differential diagnosis of many types of hypervascular liver lesions, further large-scale clinical validation is still required. Key Messages: Clinicians should be aware of the histopathological features, imaging characteristics, and differential diagnoses of hypervascular liver lesions to a precise diagnosis and more valuable treatment plan. We need to be familiar with such atypical cases to prevent a diagnostic delay, but AI-based tools also need to learn a large number of typical and atypical cases.
Utilizing the structure of a redundant dictionary comprised of wavelets and curvelets with compressed sensing

Abstract The discrete curvelet transform decomposes an image into a set of fundamental components that are distinguished by direction and size and a low-frequency representation. The curvelet representation of a natural image is approximately sparse; thus, it is useful for compressed sensing. However, with natural images, the low-frequency portion is seldom sparse. This manuscript presents a method to modify the redundant sparsifying transformation comprised of the wavelet and curvelet transforms to take advantage of this fact for compressed sensing image reconstruction. Instead of relying on sparsity for this low-frequency estimate, the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem specifies a rectangular region centered on the 0 frequency to be collected, which is used to generate a blurry estimate. A basis pursuit denoising problem is solved to determine the details with a modified sparsifying transformation. Improvements in quality are shown on magnetic resonance and optical images.
A simple charge‐based DLTS technique

A charge-based DLTS technique is proposed for characterizing the interface states and, with some restrictions, the bulk traps in MIS, p–n, and Schottky-barrier diodes. The technique uses very simple devices — a mechanical chopper and a standard electrometer, but inspite of this a high sensitivity of the order of 108 eV−1 cm−2 can be reached when interface density is measured. The charge-based technique is more suitable than the capacitive one, when MIS capacitors made on high resistivity semiconductor material or such with a very thin insulating layer are studied. Es wird eine Ladungs-DLTS-Technik zur Charakterisierung der Grenzflachenzustandsdichte und mit einigen Einschrankungen auch der Volumenterme in MIS-, p–n- und Schottky-Dioden beschrieben. Die Technik benutzt sehr einfache Gerate — einen Zerhacker und ein Standardelektrometer. Trotzdem besitzt sie jedoch eine hohe Empfindlichkeit (108 eV−1 cm−2) fur die Grenzflachenzustandsdichte. Die Ladungs-DLTS-Technik hat gewisse Vorteile vor der kapazitiven DLTS Technik, wenn MIS-Strukturen mit hochohmigen Halbleitersubstraten oder mit sehr dunnen Isolatorschichten untersucht werden.
AN EXPERIENCE TO ENCOURAGE STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH MULTIMODALITY 

Creative writing provides new options for students to motivate English language learning allowing them to use it meaningfully to interact with the world. Thus, this research experience attempts to integrate multimodality principles into creative writing as an opportunity to encourage eighth graders’ EFL learning at a public institution in Tunja. This research project follows action research features where a pedagogical intervention is conducted: four workshops were designed conveying creative writing activities using simultaneously image, video, text, sound, speech. Afterwards, they were uploaded to EDMODO learning space. Instruments used were surveys, students’ artifacts and focus groups. A process of planning, testing, observing and reflective cycle was followed. Data collected was analyzed following the grounded theory approach. Results indicate that by integrating creative writing along multimodality and E-learning environments, English learning becomes meaningful for them as a means of real self-expression and communication during the Covid-19 pandemic; their motivation is enacted when English permeates digital spaces in order to share thoughts and ideas in a creative way by using songs, pictures, drawings, and their own voice along their texts. Therefore, multimodal creative writing activities in virtual spaces demonstrate to be joyful strategies to foster motivation to learn and use English language, and they can be applied in the upcoming future in online and hybrid EFL classrooms.
Application of a pupil tracking method based on Yolov5-Deeplabv3+ fusion network on a new BPPV nystagmus recorder

Nystagmus information is an essential basis for diagnosing benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and nystagmus recorders are a crucial way to obtain nystagmus information. We designed a new wireless video nystagmus recorder, which uses the OV4689 sensor to collect the nystagmus video, encodes it on the RK3399 core control board, and sends it to the host computer through the 5GHz WiFi module. Compared with the current nystagmus recorder, it has the advantages of low price, convenient operation, and high frame rate. This paper uses a novel semantic segmentation network based on the Yolov5 target detection network and the improved Deplabv3+ segmentation module to perform real-time pupil segmentation on the collected video. Based on the segmentation results, we use ellipse fitting to extract the boundary and center of the pupil for drawing the pupil activity trajectory. Compared with the existing pupil tracking method, the method divides the pupil area faster and with higher precision, ensuring the pupil center positioning accuracy. The technique can effectively assist doctors in the diagnosis of BPPV.
An Arabidopsis Maternal Effect Embryo Arrest Protein is an Adenylyl Cyclase with Predicted Roles in Embryo Development and Response to Abiotic Stress

Second messengers have a key role in linking environmental stimuli to cellular responses. One such messenger, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generated by adenylyl cyclase (AC), has long been established as an essential signaling molecule in many physiological processes of higher plants, including growth, development and stress response. To date, very few ACs have been identified in plants, thus a need to search for more. To test the probable AC activity of an Arabidopsis MEE (AtMEE) protein and infer its function bioinformatically. A truncated version of the AtMEE protein (encoded by At2g34780 gene) harboring the annotated AC catalytic center (AtMEE-AC) was cloned and expressed in BL21 Star pLysS Escherichia coli cells followed by its purification using the nickel-nitriloacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity system. The purified protein was tested for its probable in vitro AC activity by enzyme immunoassay. The AtMEE-AC protein was also expressed in the SP850 mutant E. coli strain, followed by assessment (visually) of its ability to complement the AC-deficiency (cyaA mutation) in this mutant. Finally, the AtMEE protein was analyzed bioinformatically to infer its probable biological function(s). AtMEE is an AC molecule, whose in vitro activity is Mn2+-dependent and positively modulated by NaF. Moreover, AtMEE is capable of complementing the AC-deficiency (cyaA) mutation in the SP850 mutant strain. AtMEE is primarily involved in embryo development and also specifically expressed in response to abiotic stress via the MYB expression core motif signaled by cAMP. AtMEE is an AC protein, whose functions are associated with embryo development and response to abiotic stress.
A chain rule for multivariable resultants

We present a chain rule for the multivariable resultant, which is similar to the familiar chain rule for the Jacobian matrix. Specifically, given two homogeneous polynomial maps Kn _ K'n for a commutative ring K, such that their composition is a homogeneous polynomial map, the resultant of the composition is the product of appropriate powers of resultants of the individual maps. The chain rule for Jacobians is well known. There are some similarities between Jacobians and resultants. In [ 1 1], [ 12] and [ 1 3], the chain rule for resultants is proven for two polynomials in one variable as well as two homogeneous polynomials in two variables. (In [7], the chain rule is also proven for two homogeneous polynomials in two variables.) In this paper, a chain rule for the multivariable resultant is presented which generalizes the chain rule for resultants to n variables. The result is "universal" because the polynomials have indeterminate coefficients. The proof is more "conceptual" since it is based on the four axioms characterizing the multivariable resultant. In Section 1 the main result is stated and proved. In Section 2 consequences of the main result are derived; these include generalizations of the previous work on the chain rule of resultants. In Section 3 an axiomatic characterization of the multivariable resultant is included for the convenience of the reader.
Abell 2163: temperature, mass, and hydrostatic equilibrium

Using ASCA data, we have measured the electron temperature in A2163 out to 1.5h^{-1} Mpc (10a_x) from the center, in three radial bins. The temperatures are 12.2+1.9-1.2 keV, 11.5+2.7-2.9 keV and 3.8+1.1-0.9 keV (90%) in the 0-3 a_x (0-3.5'), 3-6 a_x and 6-13 a_x spherical shells, respectively. Applying the hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry assumptions and using these data together with the Ginga spectral and the Rosat imaging data, we were able to severely limit the possible binding mass distribution of the generic form rho=rho_0 (1+r^2/a_b^2)^{-n/2}. All the allowed binding mass profiles are steeper than the gas density profiles and mass profiles with the same slope as gas are excluded at a greater than 99% confidence. The total mass inside 0.5h^{-1} Mpc is 4.3+-0.5 10^14 h^{-1} Msun, of which 0.074 h^{-3/2} is gas while inside 1.5h^{-1} Mpc the mass is 1.07+-0.13 10^15 h^{-1} Msun. We note that in the cluster outer part, the timescale for electron-ion temperature equlibration is comparable to the merger timescale, so the measured electron temperature may give an underestimate of the gas pressure there. Otherwise, if our low temperature is indeed representative of the gas temperature in the outer shell, the cluster atmosphere should be convectionally unstable and gas turbulence should exist. Bulk motions of the gas are also expected during the merger. Their existense would increase the total gas pressure above that indicated by the observed temperature. Thus, failure of the "gas follows dark matter" model, favored by hydrodynamic simulations, may be due to the neglect of these phenomena, leading to an underestimate of the total density at large radii.
Confucianism and the altruistic behaviour in the succession of family firms: evidence from asset write-downs

ABSTRACT This paper explores how Confucianism influences the altruistic behaviour during family firm successions. Using a sample of Chinese listed family firms which have transferred the power to family successors during 2005-2018, we find that family firms deeply influenced by Confucianism intend to take a big bath via asset write-downs in the year before the succession. Confucianism has stronger influence on altruism when the successor have closer blood relationship with the founder, when the successor is less educated, when the family have weaker control over the firm or when the firm is in a lower market position. When the board of directors is more independent or the auditor has higher reputation, the influence of Confucianism is weaker. Family firms with more asset write-downs have better short-term performance after the succession, but lower business reform and R&D inputs. These findings enrich the research on Confucianism and corporate governance of family firms.
Considerations on staffing levels for a modern assisted reproductive laboratory

The duties recently performed in the embryology laboratory have deeply increased compared to those realized a couple of decades ago. Currently, procedures include conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ICSI techniques, or processing of surgically retrieved sperm, embryo culture and time-lapse monitoring, blastocyst culture, as well as trophectoderm biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing and cryopreservation. These techniques require not only time, but also high knowledge level and acutely concentration by the embryologist team. The existing data indicate that an IVF laboratory need to have adequate staffing levels to perform the required daily duties, and to work in optimal conditions that are critical to assure a high quality service, as well as avoiding incidents and to provide the best outcomes. As a result, IVF clinics have invested in human resources, but there is still a large discrepancy between IVF centres on the number of embryologists employed. Currently there is no golden standard on the human resource requirements for assisted reproductive technology procedures; therefore, in this review paper we aim to provide arguments to take into account to determine the embryology staffing requirements in an embryology laboratory to assure optimal safety and efficiency of operations.
The Role of Finite-Time Barotropic Instability during Transition to Blocking

Abstract Linear instability analysis is applied to study the role of barotropic dynamics in the evolution of blocking events during winter 1990/91. Finite-time interval instabilities (i.e., nonnormal-mode structures defined as the singular vectors of the tangent propagator) growing over periods of 4 days have been computed using adjoint methods. Correlation between large values of the singular vector amplification rate and the occurrence of blocking onset in the real atmosphere is studied. A correspondence is found between periods with the largest singular vector amplification rates and periods either leading to blocking formation or covering the mature phase of blocks. It is shown that at final time the singular vectors tend to have largest amplitude in the same regions of planetary wave ridging where blocks develop. On average, singular vectors developing on the Pacific have larger growth rates than those in the Euro–Atlantic region. The analysis of some case studies indicates a qualitative similarity b.
Performance comparison of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-only and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-on-silicon resonators

This paper provides a quantitative comparison and explores the design space of lead zirconium titanate (PZT)–only and PZT-on-silicon length-extensional mode resonators for incorporation into radio frequency microelectromechanical system filters and oscillators. We experimentally measured the correlation of motional impedance (RX) and quality factor (Q) with the resonators’ silicon layer thickness (tSi). For identical lateral dimensions and PZT-layer thicknesses (tPZT), the PZT-on-silicon resonator has higher resonant frequency (fC), higher Q (5100 versus 140), lower RX (51 Ω versus 205 Ω), and better linearity [third-order input intercept point (IIP3) of +43.7 dBm versus +23.3 dBm]. In contrast, the PZT-only resonator demonstrated much wider frequency tuning range (5.1% versus 0.2%).
PRECISION RADIAL VELOCITIES WITH AN IODINE ABSORPTION CELL

We have used gaseous iodine for generating reference absorption lines in stellar spectra taken at high resolution. A major advance involves the use of a fast echelle spectrograph and a 2048X2048 CCD which acquires the near ultraviolet, the entire visible, and the near infrared spectrum in a single exposure. The superimposed iodine lines provide both a highly precise wavelength scale (calibrated with a Fourier transform spectrum) and a specification of the spectrograph PSF in situ_ over the entire echelle format. Test observations of three solar-type stars exhibit a velocity scatter of less than 25 m s-1 over a one-year duration, and only 1/5 of the available spectrum has been employed in the analysis to date. Velocity precision of 50 m-1 can be achieved for magnitude V=12 in one hour exposures on a 3-m telescope. We discuss an on-going project to detect brown dwarf and planetary companions to F, G, K, and M-type main sequence stars, designed to complement other efforts. The current velocity precision permits detection of companions with masses as low as 3 MJup located up to 5 AU from the star. We also discuss the use of precision velocities in revising cepheid distances.
Analyzing the influence of imaging resolution on tissue polarimetry basis parameters

Mueller matrix imaging contains abundant microstructural information of the sample and provides quantitative characterization of anisotropic structures. In contrast to non-polarized microscopic imaging, Mueller matrix imaging can obtain basic structural information of the sample, such as fiber orientation and density, from polarization parameter images at low resolution. To analyze the combined effect of imaging resolution on Mueller matrix polarization properties, we first measured Mueller matrix images of unstained collagen fiber-rich rat dorsal skin sections using a range of objective magnification or numerical aperture (NA) values. Quantitative analysis of first-order moments and image texture parameters were then compared in conjunction with polarimetry basis parameters images. The results show that the polarimetry basis parameter images preserve most of the structural information of the sample and can provide fast imaging speed. This study provides a criterion to determine which structural information can be accurately and rapidly obtained by transmission Mueller matrix microscopy with low NA targets to aid in pathological diagnosis and other applications.
Asymmetric Pt/Au coated catalytic micromotors fabricated by dynamic shadowing growth

Asymmetric Pt/Au coated catalytic micromotors are fabricated by a dynamic shadowing growth method, and the exposed Au surface area A is changed systematically. The average moving speed u is found to follow the scaling relationship u∝A3/2, which agrees with the self-electrophoresis mechanism. Motion behaviors of micromotors with similar sizes and morphologies operating under a non-self-electrophoresis mechanism are compared with the Pt/Au micromotors, and in general, the self-electrophoresis mechanism gives higher activity for motors with similar sizes and morphologies.