Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aberrations of EZH2 in Cancer

Control of gene expression is exerted at a number of different levels, one of which is the accessibility of genes and their controlling elements to the transcriptional machinery. Accessibility is dictated broadly by the degree of chromatin compaction, which is influenced in part by polycomb group proteins. EZH2, together with SUZ12 and EED, forms the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). PRC2 may recruit other polycomb complexes, DNA methyltransferases, and histone deacetylases, resulting in additional transcriptional repressive marks and chromatin compaction at key developmental loci. Overexpression of EZH2 is a marker of advanced and metastatic disease in many solid tumors, including prostate and breast cancer. Mutation of EZH2 Y641 is described in lymphoma and results in enhanced activity, whereas inactivating mutations are seen in poor prognosis myeloid neoplasms. No histone demethylating agents are currently available for treatment of patients, but 3-deazaneplanocin (DZNep) reduces EZH2 levels and H3K27 trimethylation, resulting in reduced cell proliferation in breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, synergistic effects are seen for combined treatment with DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylation inhibitors, opening up the possibility of refined epigenetic treatments in the future. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2613–8. ©2011 AACR.
Energy-efficient visual monitoring based on the sensing relevancies of source nodes for wireless image sensor networks

Image transmissions over wireless sensor networks will typically demand more energy resources than transmission of scalar data, potentially impacting the expected network lifetime. In wireless image sensor networks, some monitoring quality loss may be tolerated since visual information retrieved from source nodes may have different relevance for the application, according to the desired monitoring tasks and the current sensors' poses and fields of view. Based on such sensing relevancies, we propose an energy-efficient visual monitoring mechanism where the frequency of image snapshots transmitted by each source node will be a function of the monitoring relevance of the node for the application. Doing so, we achieve energy saving over the active paths as lower relevant source nodes will transmit fewer images in a period of time, but with low impact to the monitoring functions of the application since sufficient information is still received from the most relevant source nodes. We simulated different communication scenarios to show the expected energy saving when the proposed solution is employed.
Development of the Corticothalamic Projections

In this review we discuss recent advances in the understanding of corticothalamic axon guidance; patterning of the early telencephalon, the sequence and choreography of the development of projections from subplate, layers 5 and 6. These cortical subpopulations display different axonal outgrowth kinetics and innervate distinct thalamic nuclei in a temporal pattern determined by cortical layer identity and subclass specificity. Guidance by molecular cues, structural cues, and activity-dependent mechanisms contribute to this development. There is a substantial rearrangement of the corticofugal connectivity outside the thalamus at the border of and within the reticular thalamic nucleus, a region that shares some of the characteristics of the cortical subplate during development. The early transient circuits are not well understood, nor the extent to which this developmental pattern may be driven by peripheral sensory activity. We hypothesize that transient circuits during embryonic and early postnatal development are critical in the matching of the cortical and thalamic representations and forming the cortical circuits in the mature brain.
Antitumor effect of c-myc antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides on human melanoma cells in vitro and and in mice.

BACKGROUND Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides ([S]ODNs) contain a modified internucleoside phosphate backbone. Antisense [S]ODNs targeted to specific oncogenes have been used with some therapeutic success in animal models human leukemia; however, the potential for antisense [S]ODN treatment of solid tumors has only recently been explored. PURPOSE We evaluated the effects of antisense [S]ODNs targeted to the c-myc oncogene on the proliferation of human melanoma cells in vitro and on the growth of human melanoma xenografts in CD-1 nude (nu/nu) mice, METHODS The effects of 15-mer [S]ODNs containing c-myc sense, c-myc antisense, and two different scrambled sequences on the proliferation and viability of cultures of three established human melanoma cell lines (M14, JR8, and PLF2) were determined by measuring cell numbers and use of the trypan blue exclusion test. The induction of apoptosis in these cells following treatment with [S]ODNs was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. FACS analysis was also used to determine the effects of [S]ODN treatment on the proliferation of primary cultures of a human melanoma explant (NG cells). The expression of c-Myc protein in cultured NG cells after treatment with [S]ODNs was examined by western blot analysis. The antitumor activity and the toxic effects of several [S]ODN treatment regimens were monitored by measuring differences in tumor weight (percent tumor weight inhibition), tumor growth rate (tumor growth inhibition), animal lifespan (percent increase in lifespan), the number of toxic deaths and the median number of long metastases in treated and control mice bearing NG xenografts. c-Myc protein expression in NG tumor cells following [S]ODN treatment was evaluated by FACS analysis, and the extent of apoptosis in these cells was determined by FACS analysis and morphologic examination. RESULTS Treatment with antisense [S]ODNs, but not the others, inhibited the growth of all tested melanoma cultures in vitro; FACS analysis revealed that growth inhibition was associated with the induction of apoptosis. Antisense [S]ODN treatment also led to reduced celluLar levels of c-Myc protein. In vivo, [S]ODN antitumor activity and toxicity were dose and schedule dependent; however, only antisense [S]ODNs exhibited antitumor activity. Mice bearing NG xenografts treated with antisense [S]ODNs showed a marked inhibition of tumor growth, a reduction in the number of long metastases, and an increase in life span. Reduced levels of c-Myc protein and increased levels of apoptosis were also observed in NG tumor cells following antisense [S]ODN treatment. CONCLUSIONS treatment of human melanoma cells and solid tumors with antisense [S]ODNs targeted to c-Myc inhibits their growth and is associated with the induction of apoptosis.
Passive Microwave Device Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors

Preface Acknowledgements 1. Superconductivity at microwave frequencies 2. Superconducting transmission lines 3. Superconducting cavity resonators 4. Microwave measurements 5. Superconducting filters 6. Superconducting delay lines 7. Superconducting antennas 8. Signal processing systems Appendix 1: The surface impedance of HTS materials Appendix 2: Substrates for superconductors Appendix 3: Some useful relations Index.
GRAM domain proteins specialize functionally distinct ER-PM contact sites in human cells

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane contact sites (MCSs) are crucial regulatory hubs in cells, playing roles in signaling, organelle dynamics, and ion and lipid homeostasis. Previous work demonstrated that the highly conserved yeast Ltc/Lam sterol transporters localize and function at ER MCSs. Our analysis of the human family members, GRAMD1a and GRAMD2a, demonstrates that they are ER-PM MCS proteins, which mark separate regions of the plasma membrane (PM) and perform distinct functions in vivo. GRAMD2a, but not GRAMD1a, co-localizes with the E-Syt2/3 tethers at ER-PM contacts in a PIP lipid-dependent manner and pre-marks the subset of PI(4,5)P2-enriched ER-PM MCSs utilized for STIM1 recruitment. Data from an analysis of cells lacking GRAMD2a suggest that it is an organizer of ER-PM MCSs with pleiotropic functions including calcium homeostasis. Thus, our data demonstrate the existence of multiple ER-PM domains in human cells that are functionally specialized by GRAM-domain containing proteins.
Analysis and Optimization of Current-Driven Passive Mixers in Narrowband Direct-Conversion Receivers

Properties of the current-driven passive mixer are explored to maximize its performance in a zero-IF receiver. Since there is no reverse isolation between the RF and baseband sides of the mixer, the mixer reflects the baseband impedance to the RF and vice versa through simple frequency shifting. It is also shown that in an IQ down-conversion system the lack of reverse isolation causes a mutual interaction between the two quadrature mixers, which results in different high- and low-side conversion gains, and unexpected IIP2 and IIP3 values. With a thorough and accurate mathematical analysis it is shown how to design this mixer and its current buffer, and how to size components to get the best linearity, conversion gain and noise figure while alleviating the IQ cross-talk problem.
Recent Developments of New Components for Dental Adhesives and Composites

The currently used commercial self-etching enamel-dentin adhesives and restoratives composites are mainly based on a mixture of various monofunctional and cross-linking dimethacrylates. New developments of enamel-dentin adhesives concern the improvement of technique insensitivity and storage stability. Improvements of restorative composites are focused on the reduction of the polymerisation shrinkage, as well as the improvement of wear resistance, biocompatibility, and processing properties. In the past five years, many research efforts have been carried out to develop new monomers and tailor-made components for filling materials, such as fillers or initiators. New phosphonic acid ether acrylates and cross-linking bis(acrylamide)s enable the preparation of self-etching enamel-dentin adhesives with improved storage stability. With free-radically polymerisable cyclic monomers, such as bicyclic cyclopropyl acrylates or cyclic allyl sulfides, low-shrinkage storage-stable restorative composites could be prepared. In case of the cationic polymerisable cyclic monomers, like siloxane-based cycloaliphatic epoxides, the lower curing rate, stronger exothermic effect and lower curing depth compared to dimethacrylate-based composites presently prevent their dental application. Designed methacrylates with tailor-made properties and sol-gel polycon-densates can also contribute to the improvement of the currently used restorative composites. Radical polymerisable dental materials are initiated by light curing and by redox initiator systems. Under acidic conditions amine containing initiator systems are deactivated by acid-base reaction. Non amine-based initiators have to be developed for acidic monomer containing dental materials. The use of discrete nano-filler particles mainly concerns the reinforcement and, in some cases, the increase of X-ray opacity of composite filling materials.
A Hybrid Authentication Protocol with ID-Based Signcryption for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In order to resolve the message safety problem in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) and improve traffic efficiency, a privacy-preserving and scalable scheme was proposed for VANET messages authentication, in which identity (ID)-based signcryption was used to help vehicles to secretly receive a secret member key from an RSU, and then the vehicles can anonymously send messages on behalf of the group. The efficiency of the proposal is at least 33% higher better than other existed scheme.
Layered Image Model using Binary PCA Transparency Masks

A slitting machine of the type having a pair of spaced, parallel arbors and at least one pair of mating rotary knives, each arbor carrying one mate of each pair of rotary knives, each rotary knife being positioned in a desired axial relationship with its mate on the other arbor, this desired relationship being maintained by manual or automatic control of the relative positions of the arbors by rotatably mounting at least one end of at least one arbor in a slideable sleeve which may be cam driven in both axial directions. Axial backlash is reduced by maintaining the arbors in compression with a spring loaded tailstock.
Liquid mediated growth and the bimodal microstructure of YBa_2Cu_3O_7−δ films made by the ex situ conversion of physical vapor deposited BaF_2 precursors

YBa_2Cu_3O_y (YBCO) films produced by the ex situ conversion of BaF_2-based precursors deposited by physical vapor deposition on ion-beam assisted deposited (IBAD) yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) templates are characterized by a bi-axially aligned, laminar grain structure that results from the anisotropic growth characteristics of the YBCO phase and its precipitation from a transient liquid phase during the conversion process. A bimodal microstructure characterizes these films and is defined by large, well-formed YBCO grains with Y_2O_3 precipitates in the bottom region of the film and small YBCO grains with a high density of stacking faults in the upper half. Ba_2Cu_3O_y or Ba-O-F/CuO second phase layers were often found between large YBCO grains in the bottom half of the films. YBCO grain sizes exceeded 50 µm within the plane of the film in some cases. Conversely, discrete secondary phases of Y_2Cu_2O_5, Y_2O_3, and Ba_2Cu_3O_y/Ba-O-F could be found among the much smaller YBCO grains in the top portion of the bimodal structure. The dividing line of the bimodal structure was generally at one half of the film thickness, although exceptions to this trend were found. The highest critical current densities ( J _c) and best film alignments for a given film thickness were found in samples where the layers of Ba_2Cu_3O_y or Ba-O-F were minimized or eliminated from the films. Samples quenched after partial conversion show the segregation of CuO to the top region of the film and the lateral growth of large YBCO grains from a precursor mix of Y_2Cu_2O_5 and Ba-O-F. The data demonstrate that transient liquid phases are part of the conversion process of BaF_2-based YBCO films. The control of both CuO segregation and the amount of liquid phases generated during the initial stages of phase formation is needed for optimizing the ex situ conversion process for high- J _c coated conductors.
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in forest fragments of Belém metropolitan area, Pará State, Brazil, with considerations on vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis agents

In order to identify vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) agents in urban forest fragments of Belem metropolitan area, Para State, Brazil, an entomological study was conducted between 2009 and 2011 in seven ecologically isolated areas using CDC light traps. A total of 1,119 phlebotomine sand flies were collected and out of 22 species identified, six presented epidemiological importance due to their proven and/or putative implications in the transmission of ACL agents in the Brazilian Amazon. These results reveal the need of entomological surveillance in such areas.
The application of soy isoflavones for subjective symptoms and objective signs of vaginal atrophy in menopause: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Vaginal atrophy is a common complaint among many women in their menopause, presenting with a cluster of symptoms including dryness, itching, burning/soreness, discharge, irritation and painful intercourse. We searched for existing pertinent data in three chief registries. Specified time brackets included 1996–2013 for Medline, 1990–2013 for Scopus and 2013 for Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (issue 1). Of 110 potentially relevant publications, 17 and 9 trials (7 on maturation value and 2 on vaginal dryness) were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. In general, soy isoflavones seem to improve vaginal symptoms as opposed to control arms. Soy isoflavones were also shown to be more efficacious in quantitative analysis, though this was statistically non-significant. Standardised difference in means of maturation value change was 0.072 (95% confidence interval [CI]: − 0.42 to 0.57), p = 0.777; heterogeneity P = 0.00; I2 = 85.15%. Difference in means of vaginal dryness was − 0.204 (95% CI: − 0.28 to − 0.126), p < 0.001; heterogeneity P = 0.423; I2 = 0.00. Soy isoflavones may relieve vaginal symptoms during menopause; nevertheless beneficial effects still remain uncertain due to possible publication bias or vast heterogeneity of the selected studies. Further studies with consistency in design as well as statistics are warranted.
Novel three-dimensional embedded SU-8 microchannels fabricated using a low temperature full wafer adhesive bonding

This paper describes a novel fabrication method for the manufacture of three-dimensional (3D) interconnected microchannels. The fabrication is based on a full wafer polymer bonding process, using SU-8 polymer epoxy photoresist as a structural material. The technology development includes an improvement of the SU-8 photolithography process in order to produce high uniformity films with good adhesive properties. Hence, 3D embedded microchannels are fabricated by a low temperature adhesive bonding of the SU-8 photopatterned thick films. The bonding occurs at temperatures (100–120 °C) lower than those usually applied in bonding technology. The bonding process parameters have been chosen in order to achieve a strong and void-free bond. High bond strengths, up to 8 MPa, have been obtained. Several examples using this new technology are shown, including bonding between different combinations of silicon and Pyrex wafers. This method also allows us to bond wafers with previously surface micromachined structures. Interconnected microchannels with vertical smooth walls and aspect ratios up to five have been obtained. Channels from 40 to 60 µm depth and from 10 to 250 µm width have been achieved. Liquid has been introduced at different levels into the microchannels, verifying good sealing of the 3D interconnected microchannels. The fabrication procedure described in this paper is fast, reproducible, CMOS compatible and easily implementable using standard photolithography and bonding equipment.
Reflection detection in image sequences

Reflections in image sequences consist of several layers superimposed over each other. This phenomenon causes many image processing techniques to fail as they assume the presence of only one layer at each examined site e.g. motion estimation and object recognition. This work presents an automated technique for detecting reflections in image sequences by analyzing motion trajectories of feature points. It models reflection as regions containing two different layers moving over each other. We present a strong detector based on combining a set of weak detectors. We use novel priors, generate sparse and dense detection maps and our results show high detection rate with rejection to pathological motion and occlusion.
Poblano A Distributed Trust Model for Peer-to-Peer Networks

On a decentralized network, like Peer-to-Peer (P2P), users can see from where the information arrives, as well communicate their opinions on both the information they have acquired, and the peers who are its source. These personal opinions can be collected, exchanged, and evaluated. Furthermore, these opinions, when evaluated, can be used as guidelines for searching for information, and recommending information sources, thus, creating decentralized, personalized "Webs of Trust. "
Is Machine Translation Ripe for Cross-Lingual Sentiment Classification?

Recent advances in Machine Translation (MT) have brought forth a new paradigm for building NLP applications in low-resource scenarios. To build a sentiment classifier for a language with no labeled resources, one can translate labeled data from another language, then train a classifier on the translated text. This can be viewed as a domain adaptation problem, where labeled translations and test data have some mismatch. Various prior work have achieved positive results using this approach. In this opinion piece, we take a step back and make some general statements about cross-lingual adaptation problems. First, we claim that domain mismatch is not caused by MT errors, and accuracy degradation will occur even in the case of perfect MT. Second, we argue that the cross-lingual adaptation problem is qualitatively different from other (monolingual) adaptation problems in NLP; thus new adaptation algorithms ought to be considered. This paper will describe a series of carefully-designed experiments that led us to these conclusions.
XPS and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study of Composite SiNx/DLC Prepared by Co-Deposition of RF Magnetron and Filtered Cathodic Arc

Composite SiNx/DLC films were deposited on silicon substrate by co-deposition system. The carbon plasma was generated by filtered cathodic arc source, simultaneously incorporated with silicon nitride from RF magnetron sputtering. The silicon nitride sputtering rate was maintained by fixed RF power at 100W while the arc current of FCA was varied from 20 to 80A.The SiNx/DLC film composition and optical properties were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry respectively. The results revealed that the atomic concentration of carbon increased while those of silicon and nitrogen decreased with increasing arc current. The oxidation was found on the film surface and related to the atomic concentration of silicon. The optical properties can be changed as a function of carbon concentration by setting different arc current. In this work, the volume percentage of carbon obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry using Bruggeman EMA model showed good numerical correlation with the atomic percentage of carbon from XPS analysis with the range spanning across 75-95 at. %.