Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A simplified method for calculating the tower grounding impedance by means of pspice

This paper presents a simplified method for calculating the tower-footing grounding impedance of a transmission line. The grounding is comprised by four counterpoises and the proposed method considers the mutual effects between electrodes. The simulations are carried out in PSPICE program and implementing naturally becomes a simple task. The electrode length and soil resistivity vary for different values. The simulation results are obtained in the frequency domain and in the time domain showing important features of the grounding response when subject to an impulsive current.
EFFECT OF ANTIREFLUX MEDICATION ON SALIVARY DROOLING IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Salivary drooling is a common and debilitating problem in cerebral palsy (CP). We hypothesised that gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) may exacerbate drooling by stimulation of the oesophago‐salivary reflex. The aim of our study was to assess the role of GOR in children with CP and severe drooling. Twenty‐four children with CP and severe drooling underwent oesophageal pH monitoring (N=23) or oesophagoscopy (N=I). Nine had pathological GOR and were enrolled in a double blinded, placebo controlled cross‐over trial of medical antireflux therapy (ranitidine plus cisapride) versus placebo. Drooling was measured by semi‐quantitative observation (drooling quotient) and a questionnaire‐based scoring system (rated by the child's caregivers). Mean drooling quotients and scores for drooling severity and frequency were not significantly different between active medication and placebo. In our study, treatment of pathological GOR did not improve salivary drooling in children with CP.
Distributed probabilistic fault diagnosis for multiprocessor systems

A class of n-unit multiprocessor systems with O(n log n) interconnecting links is constructed, and a distributed probabilistic fault diagnosis algorithm whose probability of correctness converges to 1 as n to infinity is proposed. For small probability of unit failure, a distributed diagnosis whose probability also converges to 1 as the size of the system grows is proposed for the hypercube. On the other hand, it is proved that if a class of systems has fewer than kn log n links for a small constant k, the probability of correctness of every fault diagnosis converges to 0 as n to infinity . By combining the probabilistic and the distributed approach the authors' model of fault diagnosis removes the major drawbacks of the PMC (Preparata-Metze-Chien) model: the assumption of tests with complete fault coverage and the assumption of a fault-free central monitoring unit capable of performing diagnosis. <<ETX>>
Penetration Characteristic of Cylindrical and Cubic Tungsten Penetrator due to Geometrical Shape Ratio

Received 21 February, 2013; received in revised form 24 July, 2013; accepted 2 August, 2013ABSTRACT In this study, the penetration characteristic from the cubic and cylindrical penetrator consistingof tungsten material with the velocity of 2,300 m/s is evaluated and the penetration possibilityinto the target is confirmed. The design of shape and size of penetrator is directly related tospace and weight of the warhead. AUTODYN-3D simulation is used to study the penetrationeffect of penetrator. The purpose of numerical analysis is to verify the penetration characteristicwith various L/D penetrator. The penetration performance of penetrator with identical weightdue to the shape is also confirmed. The cylindrical and cubic penetrator has enough penetrationenergy on constant target body. Because the possibility of 2'nd penetration is important factorafter 1'st penetration into target body, residual velocity of residual mass must be existed asmuch as possible. As geometrical shape ratio increases, penetration performance is confirmed toimprove.Key Words: Penetration, L/D
Schizophrenia: a common disease caused by multiple rare alleles

Summary Schizophrenia is widely held to stem from the combined effects of multiple common polymorphisms, each with a small impact on disease risk. We suggest an alternative view: that schizophrenia is highly heterogeneous genetically and that many predisposing mutations are highly penetrant and individually rare, even specific to single cases or families. This ‘common disease – rare alleles' hypothesis is supported by recent findings in human genomics and by allelic and locus heterogeneity for other complex traits. We review the implications of this model for gene discovery research in schizophrenia.
An electric ray inspired Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

The development of a novel Biologically-inspired (or Biomimetic) Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (BAUV) inspired by the Pacific electric ray is addressed. The design and hardware implementation of experimental prototypes of the “RayBot” BAUV are described. Extensive observations of live electric rays provided key biological inspirations in the development of the BAUV. As part of the effort, a six degree-of-freedom impulse-based multi-body approach for modeling and simulation of BAUVs was also developed and validated through comparison with experimental data.
Investigating factors related to the effects of time-out on stuttering in adults.

BACKGROUND Response-contingent time-out has been shown to be an effective technique for enhancing fluency in people who stutter. However, the factors that determine individual responsiveness to time-out are not well understood. AIMS The study investigated the effectiveness of using response-contingent time-out to reduce stuttering frequency in adults who stutter. In addition, it investigated the predictive value of participants' stutter severity, age, previous treatment history, and type of stutter on the responsiveness to time-out conditioning. METHODS & PROCEDURES Sixty people who stutter participated in the study. Half were exposed to time-out following each moment of stuttering over a 40-min period, the remaining participants acted as controls. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Results showed that individuals who stutter are highly responsive to time-out, and that the participants with a more severe stutter responded better than those with a mild stutter. To a lesser degree, previous treatment and speech rate also influenced treatment success. Age and type of stutter did not, although the proportion of repetition types of stutters increased over the experiment conditions, with prolongations and blocks decreasing, for the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS This simple operant conditioning treatment method is effective in reducing stuttering. Individuals respond to time-out regardless of their age, type of stutter, stuttering severity or treatment history, thus it is a treatment methodology potentially suitable for all clients. This study investigated initial responsiveness to time-out; therefore, further research is necessary to determine the durability of fluency over time.
Reactive movements of non-humanoid robots cause intention attribution in humans

An artifact's behavior must be easily construed and interpreted as meaningful signals in a social or working context. In order to design such an artifact's behavior, we could exploit human psychological functions - theory of mind (ToM) - the ability to interpret other people's behavior in terms of intentional causal mental states such as beliefs, desires and intentions. In order to apply theory of mind to human-robot interaction, the mechanism that trigger intention attribution must be revealed. The present study examined the effect of reactive movements performed by a non-humanoid robot, including different shaped artifact: chair and cube, on the intention attribution. The result indicated that whether or not humans could construe behaviors of an artifact in terms of its goal depends on how human could attribute intention to the artifact and that reactive movements would be a cue for such mental state attribution.
ACC (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate) Deaminase Activity, a Widespread Trait in Burkholderia Species, and Its Growth-Promoting Effect on Tomato Plants

ABSTRACT The genus Burkholderia includes pathogens of plants and animals and some human opportunistic pathogens, such as the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), but most species are nonpathogenic, plant associated, and rhizospheric or endophytic. Since rhizobacteria expressing ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase may enhance plant growth by lowering plant ethylene levels, in this work we investigated the presence of ACC deaminase activity and the acdS gene in 45 strains, most of which are plant associated, representing 20 well-known Burkholderia species. The results demonstrated that ACC deaminase activity is a widespread feature in the genus Burkholderia, since 18 species exhibited ACC deaminase activities in the range from 2 to 15 μmol of α-ketobutyrate/h/mg protein, which suggests that these species may be able to modulate ethylene levels and enhance plant growth. In these 18 Burkholderia species the acdS gene sequences were highly conserved (76 to 99% identity). Phylogenetic analysis of acdS gene sequences in Burkholderia showed tight clustering of the Bcc species, which were clearly distinct from diazotrophic plant-associated Burkholderia species. In addition, an acdS knockout mutant of the N2-fixing bacterium Burkholderia unamae MTl-641T and a transcriptional acdSp-gusA fusion constructed in this strain showed that ACC deaminase could play an important role in promotion of the growth of tomato plants. The widespread ACC deaminase activity in Burkholderia species and the common association of these species with plants suggest that this genus could be a major contributor to plant growth under natural conditions.
Biogenic Amine Actions on Cholangiocyte Function

Biogenic amines, such as serotonin, histamine, dopamine, and the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, regulate a multitude of cellular responses. A great deal of effort has been invested into understanding the effects of these molecules and their corresponding receptor systems on cholangiocyte secretion, apoptosis, and growth. This review summarizes the results of these efforts and highlights the importance of these regulatory molecules on the physiology and pathophysiology of cholangiocytes.
Influence of controlled and uncontrolled interventions on Twitter in different target groups

In this paper the influence of interventions on Twitter users is studied. We define influence in a) number of participants, b) size of the audience, c) amount of activity, and d) reach. Influence is studied for four different target groups: a) politicians, b) journalists, c) employees and d) the general public. Furthermore, two types of interventions are studied: a) by all Twitter users (i.e., uncontrolled interventions), and b) those tweeted by an organization that benefits from any resulting influence (i.e., controlled interventions). As a case study, tweets about a large Dutch governmental organization are used. Results show a clear relation between the number of uncontrolled interventions and influence in all four target groups, for each of the defined types of influence. Controlled interventions show less influence: Significant influence was found for the general public, but influence for politicians and employees was only mildly significant, and no influence was found for journalists. The effect found for uncontrolled interventions however suggests that this influence is indeed reachable for some target groups, even when the number of interventions is small, and very well reachable for all target groups, provided the number of interventions is large enough. In addition to this we found that interventions influence groups to a different extent. Own employees were influenced strongest, differing significantly from the other groups.
Predictive timing error calibration technique for RF current-steering DACs

Timing errors become more dominant in dynamic performance in high-resolution Radio Frequency DACs. It consumes a lot of power and area to reduce timing errors below picoseconds. To relax the requirements on circuit design and layout complexity, a predictive timing error calibration technique based on on-chip timing error measurement is demonstrated in this work. Matlab behavior level simulation shows that this on-chip calibration technique can improve the SFDR significantly in a 2GS/s DAC. Simulation results of a phase detector, the key circuit in this calibration technique, are given. The circuit is designed in a CMOS 90nm process.
Racial Differences in Association of Elevated Interleukin-18 LevelsWith Type 2 Diabetes The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdIn a nested case-cohort design representing a 9-year follow-up of 9,740 middle-aged, initially healthy, nondiabetic white and African American participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, we selected and measured analytes on race-stratified (50% white, 50% African American) random samples of both cases of incident diabetes (n = 548) and eligible members of the full cohort (n = 536).
Efficient Squares and Turing Universality at Temperature 1 with a Unique Negative Glue

Is Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) "powerful? " Well, if certain tiles are required to "cooperate" in order to be able to bind to a growing tile assembly (a.k.a., temperature 2 self-assembly), then Turing universal computation and the efficient self-assembly of $N \times N$ squares is achievable in the aTAM (Rotemund and Winfree, STOC 2000). So yes, in a computational sense, the aTAM is quite powerful! However, if one completely removes this cooperativity condition (a.k.a., temperature 1 self-assembly), then the computational "power" of the aTAM (i.e., its ability to support Turing universal computation and the efficient self-assembly of $N \times N$ squares) becomes unknown. On the plus side, the aTAM, at temperature 1, isn't only Turing universal but also supports the efficient self-assembly $N \times N$ squares if self-assembly is allowed to utilize three spatial dimensions (Fu, Schweller and Cook, SODA 2011). We investigate the theoretical "power" of a seemingly simple, restrictive class of tile assembly systems (TASs) in which (1) the absolute value of every glue strength is 1, (2) there's a single negative strength glue type and (3) unequal glues can't interact. We call these the \emph{restricted glue} TASs (rgTAS). We first show the tile complexity of producing an $N \times N$ square with an rgTAS is $O(\frac{\log n}{\log \log n})$. We also prove that rgTASs are Turing universal with a construction that simulates an arbitrary Turing machine. Next, we provide results for a variation of the rgTAS class, partially restricted glue TASs, which is similar except that the magnitude of the negative glue's strength can only assumed to be $\ge 1$. These results consist of a construction with $O(\log n)$ tile complexity for building $N \times N$ squares, and one which simulates a Turing machine but with a greater scaling factor than for the rgTAS construction.
The Nature and Function of Digital Information Compression Mechanisms in the Brain and in Digital Television Technology

Both of these systems perform similar functions. In both, light rays carrying information are reflected off objects and are picked up by a camera-like device and transmitted to a complex mechanism that performs computations on them. In television these computations construct a representation of the objects in the form of the pictures on the TV screen. This representation needs to be optimized for the viewer (i.e., the viewer should be pleased with the resolution and frame rate and ideally should perceive the same as when viewing natural objects). In vision the computations construct the phenomenal objects that experienced in a person’s visual field in consciousness— as Crick (1994, p. 159) described it “We have for example a vivid internal picture of the external world. ” The brain actually has multiple “TV screens,” i.e., multiple visual maps, which “look” at each other. So, here again, there is sort of TV screen, which should be optimized for the viewer. At the end reciprocal communications give rise to consciousness. Recently a key information compression mechanism has been discovered in the brain that operates in a manner very similar to the same mechanism used in digital television (Nortmann et al., 2013): for details of this see below. So a comparative study of both systems may have three useful consequences.
On identifying user complaints of iOS apps

In the past few years, the number of smartphone apps has grown at a tremendous rate. To compete in this market, both independent developers and large companies seek to improve the ratings of their apps. Therefore, understanding the user's perspective of mobile apps is extremely important. In this paper, we study the user's perspective of iOS apps by qualitatively analyzing app reviews. In total, we manually tag 6,390 reviews for 20 iOS apps. We find that there are 12 types of user complaints. Functional errors, requests for additional features, and app crashes are examples of the most common complaints. In addition, we find that almost 11% of the studied complaints were reported after a recent update. This highlights the importance of regression testing before updating apps. This study contributes a listing of the most frequent complaints about iOS apps to aid developers and researchers in better understanding the user's perspective of apps.
Visualisation of spatial distribution of moisture content and basic density using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging method in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)

This study quantified the spatial distribution of moisture content and basic density within Cryptomeria japonica branches using near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging and multivariate data analysis techniques. The hyperspectral data for wood disk samples were acquired using a Compovision NIR Composition Imaging System (Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Yokohama, Japan) with a spectral range of 913–2519 nm. The calibration models for prediction of moisture content and basic density were developed using partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis. The PLS model for moisture content and basic density showed good predictive performance with coefficients of determination 0·82 (RMSEP = 12·4%) and 0·84 (RMSEP = 28·0 kg m−3) respectively. The spatial distribution of predicted moisture content clearly detected the low moisture white zone surrounding the heartwood. The high density compression wood could be also visualised with the NIR hyperspectral imaging technique. The results presented here provide useful information for development of a novel log sorting method.
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry Dovepress Hard and Soft Tissue Correlations in Facial Profiles: a Canonical Correlation Study

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between facial hard and soft tissues in normal Saudi individuals by studying the canonical correlation between specific hard tissue landmarks and their corresponding soft tissue landmarks. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was designed, with a sample size of 60 Saudi adults (30 males and 30 females) who had a class I skeletal and dental relationship and normal occlusion. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of the study sample were investigated using a series of 29 linear and angular measurements of hard and soft tissue features. The measurements were calculated electronically using Dolphin ® software, and the data were analyzed using canonical correlation. Results: Eighty-four percent of the variation in the soft tissue was explained by the variation in hard tissue. Conclusion: The position of the upper and lower incisors and inclination of the lower inci-sors influence upper lip length and lower lip position. The inclination of the upper incisors is associated with lower lip length.
A Fuzzy-based Approach to Mesh Simplification

In this paper, a novel method, called the fuzzy-based approach, for mesh simplification is presented. We first propose the fuzzy position uncertainty function and the fuzzy curvature uncertainty function for, respectively, measuring the variation of the surface position and the variation of the surface curvature while meshes are simplified. We then utilize the TSK fuzzy inference model, which integrates and balances the fuzzy position uncertainty and the fuzzy curvature uncertainty, to determine the cost as a criterion for removing a portion of a mesh in the simplification process. Experimental results show that our approach can produce good approximations that preserve the features of a model.
Smartphone Data in Rheumatoid Arthritis - What Do Rheumatologists Want?

OBJECTIVE To create a relevant and clinically informative visualization of passively collected patient mobility data from smartphones of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients for rheumatologists. METHODS (1) Pilot analysis of smartphone mobility data in RA; (2) Assessment of rheumatologists' needs for patient data through semi-structured interviews; and (3) Evaluation of the visual format of the RA data using scenario-based usability methods. RESULTS We created a color-scale mobility index superimposed on a calendar to summarize the passive mobility measures from the smartphone that the rheumatologists confirmed would be clinically relevant. CONCLUSION This assessment of clinician data needs and preferences demonstrates the potential value of passively collected smartphone data to resolve an important data question in RA. Efforts such as these are necessary to ensure that any smartphone data that patients share with their doctors will not exacerbate clinician information overload, but actually facilitate clinical decisions.
A CMOS Phase-Shift oscillator Based on the conduction of Heat

A CMOS phase-shift oscillator that uses a phase shift in the conduction of heat is proposed. The oscillator consists of an inverting amplifier and a feedback thermal filter that are integrated on a silicon chip. The thermal filter consists of a polysilicon heater and a MOSFET thermosensor separated from each other by a SiO2 heat-conducting layer.1 An input signal for the filter travels from the heater to the thermosensor through the SiO2 layer in the form of heat. The filter accepts the output of the inverting amplifier, produces a phase shift due to the heat conduction, and returns a 180°-shifted feedback signal to the amplifier. The oscillator produces oscillation at a specific frequency determined by the dimensions of the filter and the thermal conductivity and specific heat of Si and SiO2.
The sharpest tools in the box? Quantitative analysis of conodont element functional morphology

Conodonts have been considered the earliest skeletonizing vertebrates and their mineralized feeding apparatus interpreted as having performed a tooth function. However, the absence of jaws in conodonts and the small size of their oropharyngeal musculature limits the force available for fracturing food items, presenting a challenge to this interpretation. We address this issue quantitatively using engineering approaches previously applied to mammalian dentitions. We show that the morphology of conodont food-processing elements was adapted to overcome size limitations through developing dental tools of unparalleled sharpness that maximize applied pressure. Combined with observations of wear, we also show how this morphology was employed, demonstrating how Wurmiella excavata used rotational kinematics similar to other conodonts, suggesting that this occlusal style is typical for the clade. Our work places conodont elements within a broader dental framework, providing a phylogenetically independent system for examining convergence and scaling in dental tools.