Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Muslim women in need of Islamic feminism? In consideration of a re-imagined Islamic educational discourse

In its remonstrations against male patriarchy, common understandings of Islamic feminism have, on the one hand, claimed attachment to other forms of feminism. On the other hand, because of its location within the structures of Qur’anic exegesis and prophetic traditions, it has claimed a detachment from what has been understood as the largely secular base of other forms of feminism. Inasmuch, however, as there continues to be disagreement about feminism in its conceptions of the identity of women, gender recognition and inclusion, Islamic feminism has remained unproblematised. In this article, I wish to address two questions. Firstly, to what extent is Islamic feminism based on a bifurcationist or divergent understanding of Islamic education? And secondly, to what extent should Islamic feminism be reconsidered as a discourse of Islamic education? In addressing these questions, I argue that there are two possible solutions to the prevalence of social inequality experienced by Muslim women. One is a reformation of Islamic education. And secondly, that Muslim women need to engage and deliberate with the discourse of the Qur’an, so that they can begin to bring into contestation the privilege of male interpretation.
Developing and evaluating an emergency scenario dialogue corpus

The present paper describes the development and evaluation of the Polish emergency dialogue corpus recorded for studying alignment phenomena in stress scenarios. The challenge is that emergency dialogues are more complex on many levels than standard information negotiation dialogues, different resources are needed for differential investigation, and resources for this kind of corpus are rare. Currently there is no comparable corpus for Polish. In the present context, alignment is meant as adaptation on the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of communication between the two interlocutors, including choice of similar lexical items and speaking style. Four different dialogue scenarios were arranged and prompt speech material was created. Two maps for the map-tasks and one emergency diapix were design to prompt semi-spontaneous dialogues simulating stress and natural communicative situations. The dialogue corpus was recorded taking into account the public character of conversations in the emergency setting. The linguistic study of alignment in this kind of dialogue made it possible to design and implement a prototype of a Polish adaptive dialogue system to support stress scenario communication (not described in this paper).
Los Caminos

This article draws from data collected as part of a 3-year ethnographic study that followed two groups of Latino/a students through their final years of high school, the college application process, and for some, the inception of their postsecondary studies. Using Latino/a critical theory as an analytical framework, this article provides insights into the distinct pathways—or caminos—taken by students in their pursuit of college, highlighting the support structures that Latino/a youth identify as necessary for increasing Latino/a participation in higher education.
Córtex pré-frontal, funções executivas e comportamento criminal

Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia - Area de Especialidade Psicobiologia. %%%%Os comportamentos anti-sociais tem sido associados ao funcionamento pre-frontal, cuja disfuncao pode levar a perturbacoes emocionais e/ou alteracao das Funcoes Executivas relacionadas com a organizacao temporal do comportamento, planeamento, conceptualizacao e flexibilidade cognitiva. As disfuncoes executivas caracterizam-se, fundamentalmente, por impulsividade elevada, diminuicao do controlo inibitorio, perseveracao, e perturbacao da capacidade de planeamento, o que resulta num estilo de vida ocupacional e social disfuncional. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido atraves de tres estudos que assentaram exclusivamente em tecnicas psicometricas de exame neuropsicologico. O tema central do primeiro estudo, e objectivo principal deste trabalho, foi estudar as Funcoes Executivas numa amostra de reclusos atraves da analise das principais funcoes cognitivas frontais, relacionando-as com outras variaveis ligadas a este tipo de conduta, e que tambem podem resultar de disfuncao pre-frontal, como os niveis de agressividade e as caracteristicas de personalidade. Os estudos subsequentes foram desenvolvidos para abranger outros aspectos da relacao das FE com a criminalidade, nomeadamente, a reincidencia criminal e o tipo de crime cometido. Os resultados obtidos no primeiro estudo mostram que existem alteracoes do funcionamento executivo ao nivel da flexibilidade mental e da planificacao no grupo de reclusos, e que a perturbacao da flexibilidade mental esta relacionada com niveis elevados de expressao da ira e agressividade, assim como tambem apresenta uma relacao com tracos de personalidade impulsivos, caracterizados por accoes irracionais e rigidez comportamental. Isto indica que uma fraca capacidade para alternar entre diferentes opcoes comportamentais, assim como a dificuldade em manter e executar um plano de accao de modo calmo e eficaz, podem promover manifestacoes de comportamentos agressivos e socialmente desajustados. A mesma tendencia tambem se verificou no segundo estudo, onde se observou uma perturbacao da flexibilidade mental associada a reincidencia criminal. Isto remete para o facto de alteracao da capacidade para alternar entre conceitos ou comportamentos, e respectivo aumento da perseveracao em certos padroes comportamentais e respostas sociais, poderem estar na base da repeticao de comportamentos criminais com consequencias penais. Ja em relacao ao tipo de crime verificou-se um padrao diferente, visto que o grupo de crimes contra a propriedade apresenta alteracao da memoria de trabalho e da flexibilidade mental, enquanto que o grupo de crimes contra as pessoas tem um rendimento executivo dentro dos parâmetros normais excepto nas medidas da planificacao. Deste modo, a avaliacao neuropsicologica realizada permite concluir que existe alteracao do funcionamento executivo associada ao comportamento criminal e indica que as manifestacoes anti-sociais e criminais verificadas podem ser uma consequencia de disfuncao pre-frontal. %%%%Antisocial behaviour…
Night Rendering

The issues of realistically rendering naturally illuminated scenes at night are examined. This requires accurate models for moonlight, night skylight, and starlight. In addition, several issues in tone reproduction are discussed: eliminatiing high frequency information invisible to scotopic (night vision) observers; representing the flare lines around stars; determining the dominant hue for the displayed image. The lighting and tone reproduction are shown on a variety of models. CR Categories: I.3. 7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism— [I.6. 3]: Simulation and Modeling— Applications
Sex and estrous cycle differences in cocaine‐induced approach‐avoidance conflict

Human and animal research indicates that females may have a higher biological propensity for cocaine abuse than do males. Furthermore, reproductive status modulates the subjective effects of cocaine in women and self‐administration rates in rats. Despite the attention that has been given to the modulation of appetitive responses by reproductive status and the well‐known mixed positive and negative subjective effects of cocaine, it is unknown if similar effects are observed on aversive responses to cocaine. The present study examines the impact of sex and estrous cycle on approach‐avoidance behavior for cocaine as measured in the runway self‐administration model. Male and freely cycling female Sprague Dawley rats were trained to traverse a straight alley for single daily injections of 1.0 mg/kg intravenous cocaine over 21 trials. Relative to males, females had significantly longer start latencies but significantly faster approach and shorter run times during the first week of training. Further, estrus females displayed significantly fewer approach‐avoidance retreats across all sessions relative to non‐estrus females. These results suggest that females initially exhibit greater motivation for cocaine (faster approach) than do males and that the drug's anxiogenic properties have a reduced impact on the motivation to seek cocaine (fewer retreats) in females during the estrus phase relative to other reproductive phases. These findings indicate that both sex and reproductive status contribute to the motivation for cocaine and that sex differences in addiction vulnerability may be attributable in part to differences in the motivational impact of both the appetitive and aversive properties of cocaine.
A Public Finance Model for Lobbying: Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and the Privatization of Democracy

Abstract This paper argues that there are deep continuities between lobbying and campaign finance, all of which stem from the fact that we have “privatized” an essentially public function. In the United States, two of the most important activities a democracy requires to function – funding campaigns and providing the information necessary to legislate – are largely carried out by private actors. The paper argues that the constitutional obstacles to regulation in both areas are similar precisely because both activities fall in roughly the same place on the public/private continuum. Once we understand lobbying and campaign finance regulations to be addressing the same kind of problem, we can apply the insights from one domain to the other. In keeping with this view, the paper proposes a “leveling-up” approach to lobbying, one that uses public funds to reduce legislators' susceptibility to the disproportionate influence of private monies. This “public finance” analog for lobbying satisfies existing constitut.
Coral classification with hybrid feature representations

Coral reefs exhibit significant within-class variations, complex between-class boundaries and inconsistent image clarity. This makes coral classification a challenging task. In this paper, we report the application of generic CNN representations combined with hand-crafted features for coral reef classification to take advantage of the complementary strengths of these representation types. We extract CNN based features from patches centred at labelled pixels at multiple scales. We use texture and color based hand-crafted features extracted from the same patches to complement the CNN features. Our proposed method achieves a classification accuracy that is higher than the state-of-art methods on the MLC benchmark dataset for corals.
The essential handbook of memory disorders for clinicians

Edited by Alan D Baddeley, Michael D Kopelman, Barbara A Wilson. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2004, pp 392, £26.99 (paperback) ISBN 0-470-09141-X. Any reader who is familiar with the editors’ comprehensive and authoritative “ Handbook of Memory Disorders ” will experience a powerful sense of deja vu on opening this volume, and may be forgiven for wondering what exactly the point of it is. The Readers’ Digest edition? Neuropsychology lite? With its 392 …
Clinicopathological correlates in frontotemporal dementia

The term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a range of clinical syndromes that are believed not to map reliably onto the spectrum of recognized pathologies. This study reexamines the relationships between clinical and pathological subtypes of FTD in a large series from two centers (n = 61). Clinical subtypes defined were behavioral variant FTD (n = 26), language variants (semantic dementia, n = 9; and progressive nonfluent aphasia, n = 8), and motor variants (corticobasal degeneration, n = 9; and motor neuron disease, n = 9), although most cases presented with a combination of behavioral and language problems. Unexpectedly, some behavioral cases (n = 5) had marked amnesia at presentation. The pathological subtypes were those with tau‐immunopositive inclusions (with Pick bodies, n = 20; or without, n = 11), those with ubiquitin immunopositive inclusions (n = 16), and those lacking distinctive histology (n = 14). Behavioral symptoms and semantic dementia were associated with a range of pathologies. In contrast, other clinical phenotypes had relatively uniform underlying pathologies: motor neuron disease predicted ubiquitinated inclusions, parkinsonism and apraxia predicted corticobasal pathology, and nonfluent aphasia predicted Pick bodies. Therefore, the pathological substrate can be predicted in a significant proportion of FTD patients, which has important implications for studies targeting mechanistic treatments. Ann Neurol 2004
Labor Unrest, Immigration, and Ethnic Conflict in Urban America, 1880-1914

Did strikes effect the extent of ethnic and racial conflicts in late 19th-and early 20th-century America? If so, How? Data on the occurrence of conflicts and of violence against various ethnic or racial groups in the 81 largest cities, 1880-1914, show that the growth of the union movement and the rising supply of low-wage labor increased levels of ethnic competition in urban labor markets, thus raising rates of ethnic comflict. The findings support the argument that ethnic conflict and labor unrest are parallel forms of collective action and that each depends on the number and foundings of national labor unions. The effect of labor union organization is strongest for all attacks on blacks. In addition, sharp increases in immigration, a downturn in economic fortunes, and contagion processes all raise rates of ethnic conflict.
Hemibody irradiation. An effective second‐line therapy in drug‐resistant multiple myeloma

The authors report the results of treatment of 41 patients with melphalan‐resistant multiple myeloma using single half‐body irradiation (HBI) or double half‐body irradiation (DHBI). Patients were grouped using the prognostic classification reported by the Medical Research Council. Patients in groups I and II showed the best response to therapy with reduction in serum or urinary paraprotein and improvement in symptoms, most notably a marked reduction in bone pain. In these groups five patients have survived over 2 years after therapy. The therapeutic response appeared better in those patients who received DHBI as opposed to those whom treated with single HBI. Patients in group III did not achieve prolonged survival but effective relief of bone pain was a consistent finding in these patients also. Thus HBI represents an alternative to combination chemotherapy as second‐line treatment of patients with melphalan‐resistant multiple myeloma. A comparative study of HBI versus combination chemotherapy is now indicated to establish which therapeutic approach is most effective.
A Review of Antecedents of International Strategic Alliance Performance: Synthesized Evidence and New Directions for Core Constructs

This paper provides a systematic review of 165 empirical studies on the antecedents of performance in international strategic alliances. It provides the most detailed display of definitions, rationales, measures and findings currently available. Hence, this state‐of‐the art literature review creates an accessible pool of knowledge that is highly relevant for future research on international strategic alliances. Further, it draws on this knowledge pool to build a model which highlights the quite different rationales advanced by researchers to explain associations between the antecedents and performance. The model makes the different rationales explicit and will aid researchers in identifying tests that can be performed to examine the links between antecedents and performance as well as the mechanisms through which such associations operate. Finally, the synthesized evidence is used to suggest that researchers should give increased attention to achieving congruence between measures of antecedents and performance.
Endocrine mechanisms governing transition into adulthood: a marked decrease in inhibitory feedback action of estradiol on tonic secretion of luteinizing hormone in the lamb during puberty.

The hypothesis was tested that a decrease in response to the inhibitory feedback action of estradiol on tonic LH secretion occurs in the female lamb during puberty. Ovaries were removed from 10 female lambs at 19 weeks of age, which was approximately 11 weeks before the expected first ovulation. At ovariectomy, Silastic implants containing crystalline estradiol were inserted sc in 6 lambs to maintain chronic low levels of circulating estradiol. In estradiol-treated ovariectomized lambs, serum LH was suppressed to undetectable concentrations until the age when first ovulations were initiated in untreated intact lambs. At this time, circulating LH increased dramatically to castrate levels in 5 of 6 estradiol-treated ovariectomized females despite maintenance of constant levels of serum estradiol. The ”escape“ from estradiol negative feedback on tonic LH secretion in ovariectomized lambs and the first ovulation in intact lambs occurred over a wide range of body weights. In the slowest growing estradiol-treat.
Tobacco Rattle Virus Vector: A Rapid and Transient Means of Silencing Manduca sexta Genes by Plant Mediated RNA Interference

Background RNAi can be achieved in insect herbivores by feeding them host plants stably transformed to express double stranded RNA (dsRNA) of selected midgut-expressed genes. However, the development of stably transformed plants is a slow and laborious process and here we developed a rapid, reliable and transient method. We used viral vectors to produce dsRNA in the host plant Nicotiana attenuata to transiently silence midgut genes of the plant's lepidopteran specialist herbivore, Manduca sexta. To compare the efficacy of longer, undiced dsRNA for insect gene silencing, we silenced N. attenuata's dicer genes (NaDCL1- 4) in all combinations in a plant stably transformed to express dsRNA targeting an insect gene. Methodology/Principal Findings Stable transgenic N. attenuata plants harboring a 312 bp fragment of MsCYP6B46 in an inverted repeat orientation (ir-CYP6B46) were generated to produce CYP6B46 dsRNA. After consuming these plants, transcripts of CYP6B46 were significantly reduced in M. sexta larval midguts. The same 312 bp cDNA was cloned in an antisense orientation into a TRV vector and Agro-infiltrated into N. attenuata plants. When larvae ingested these plants, similar reductions in CYP6B46 transcripts were observed without reducing transcripts of the most closely related MsCYP6B45. We used this transient method to rapidly silence the expression of two additional midgut-expressed MsCYPs. CYP6B46 transcripts were further reduced in midguts, when the larvae fed on ir-CYP6B46 plants transiently silenced for two combinations of NaDCLs (DCL1/3/4 and DCL2/3/4) and contained higher concentrations of longer, undiced CYP6B46 dsRNA. Conclusions Both stable and transient expression of CYP6B46 dsRNA in host plants provides a specific and robust means of silencing this gene in M. sexta larvae, but the transient system is better suited for high throughput analyses. Transiently silencing NaDCLs in ir-CYP6B46 plants increased the silencing of MsCYP6B46, suggested that insect's RNAi machinery is more efficient with longer lengths of ingested dsRNA.
Sampling and Reconstruction for Biomedical Image Registration

We investigate the problem of sampling and reconstruction of signals in the context of biomedical image registration. Given a finite energy input signal, a band limited point spread function, and Nyquist sampling scheme, we characterize the basis functions that can be used in reconstructing the signals so that the shift (pure translation) between two such input signals can be recovered exactly. Computational results using reconstruction using B-spline function spaces show that perfect reconstruction nor interpolation are not necessary for exact recovery of shifts between two signals.
Heart Rate Response to Transient Chemoreceptor Stimulation in Term Infants Is Modified by Exposure to Maternal Smoking

Modulation of heart rate (HR) during transient hyperoxia, hypoxia, and hypercapnia was studied in 46 healthy term infants on 103 occasions (postnatal d 2 to 82). Twenty-three infants had smoking mothers (median, 11 cigarettes/d). Transient chemoreceptor stimuli (100% O2, 15% O2, or 3% CO2) were presented repeatedly during quiet sleep. Beat-by-beat HR and breath-by-breath ventilation were recorded continuously. The coherently averaged HR and ventilation responses to each stimulus were calculated for each infant at each age. Outcome variables (HR change from baseline to end of stimulation, maximum HR change, and time to half-maximum) were analyzed by ANOVA. Overall, HR declined during hyperoxia (median change, 4.2 beats/min) and rose during hypoxia (median change, 4.2 beats/min) and hypercapnia (median change, 4.6 beats/min). The percentage change in HR was positively correlated with the percentage change in ventilation (p < 0.001). Increasing number of cigarettes smoked by the mother was correlated with deeper HR declines and smaller HR rises (p = 0.02). For the population as a whole, the HR response lagged 3.8 s behind the ventilatory response during hyperoxia and hypoxia (p < 0.001), whereas during hypercapnia there was no significant lag. The lag in HR response in the smoke-exposed group was 2.5 s greater than that in the control group for all three stimuli (p = 0.001), and the difference increased with the number of cigarettes smoked by the mother (p < 0.01). Both pulmonary reflexes and the type of the chemoreceptor stimulus seemed to influence HR. Maternal smoking affected the magnitude and time-course of the HR response in a dose-dependent manner.
A Review of Cross-Cultural Training: Best Practices, Guidelines, and Research Needs

The purpose of this article is to present the best practices of cross-cultural training (CCT) in terms of what organizations are doing and what they should be doing. In presenting the best practices, the following questions will be investigated: (a) why is CCT an important research domain, (b) what is the general purpose of CCT, (c) how is CCT designed and delivered, (d) which CCT strategies are organizations currently implementing, (e) what guidelines can be offered to organizations offering CCT, and (f) what additional research is needed. This article contributes to existing CCT research by providing a condensed set of guidelines instructing organizations on the techniques necessary for maximizing the benefits of CCT.
Procedural Dyscalculia and Number Fact Dyscalculia: Double Dissociation in Developmental Dyscalculia

Abstract Traditional developmental models describe a series of sequenced stages and interpret developmental disorders in terms of arrested development. Two different cases of developmental dyscalculia are described which cannot both be explained against the same stage model of the development of arithmetical skill. In both cases accurate number processing skills have developed. SW has also acquired accurate number facts and tables but has selective difficulty with the procedures of calculation. HM shows the reverse pattern with normal mastery of calculation procedures but selective difficulty in the mastery of arithmetical tables. The arithmetical modules involved in tables and procedures develop in a semi-independent fashion, neither being an essential precursor of the other. This study demonstrates that there are individual differences in the developmental dyscalculias consistent with individual differences in the developmental pathways to the adult calculation system. It also-demonstrates that the deve.
Combined renin angiotensin blockade in childhood steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome

Background: Reduced proteinuria results in delayed deterioration of renal function and remission of proteinuria predicts a good long‐term prognosis in steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the combined angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker in reducing proteinuria in SRNS.