Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Mathematics of Complexity and Its Biomedical Applications

We show that the unreduced, mathematically rigorous solution of the many-body problem with arbitrary interaction, avoiding any perturbative approximations and “exact” models, reveals qualitatively new mathematical properties of thus emerging real-world structures (interaction products), including dynamic multivaluedness (universal non-uniqueness of ordinary solution) giving rise to intrinsic randomness and irreversible time flow, fractally structured dynamic entanglement of interaction components expressing physical quality, and dynamic discreteness providing the physically real space origin. This unreduced interaction problem solution leads to the universal definition of dynamic complexity describing structure and properties of all real objects. The united world structure of dynamically probabilistic fractal is governed by the universal law of the symmetry (conservation and transformation) of complexity giving rise to extended versions of all particular (correct) laws and principles. We describe then the unique efficiency of this universal concept and new mathematics of complexity in application to critical problems in life sciences and related development problems, showing the urgency of complexity revolution.
Neuropilin-1 mediates PDGF stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration and signalling via p130Cas

NRP1 (neuropilin-1) is a co-receptor for members of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family in endothelial cells, but is increasingly implicated in signalling induced by other growth factors. NRP1 is expressed in VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells), but its function and the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the role of NRP1 in the migratory response of HCASMCs (human coronary artery smooth muscle cells) to PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor), and to identify the signalling mechanisms involved. NRP1 is highly expressed in HAoSMCs (human aortic smooth muscle cells) and HCASMCs, and modified in VSMCs by CS (chondroitin sulfate)-rich O-linked glycosylation at Ser612. HCASMC migration induced by PDGF-BB and PDGF-AA was inhibited by NRP1 siRNA (small interfering RNA), and by adenoviral overexpression of an NRP1 mutant lacking the intracellular domain (Ad.NRP1ΔC). NRP1 co-immunoprecipitated with PDGFRα (PDGF receptor α), and immunofluorescent staining indicated that NRP1 and PDGFRα co-localized in VSMCs. NRP1 siRNA also inhibited PDGF-induced PDGFRα activation. NRP1-specific siRNA, Ad. NRP1ΔC and removal of CS glycans using chondroitinase all inhibited PDGF-BB and -AA stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of the adapter protein, p130Cas (Cas is Crk-associated substrate), with little effect on other major signalling pathways, and p130Cas knockdown inhibited HCASMC migration. Chemotaxis and p130Cas phosphorylation induced by PDGF were inhibited by chondroitinase, and, additionally, adenoviral expression of a non-glycosylatable NRP1S612A mutant inhibited chemotaxis, but not p130Cas phosphorylation. These results indicate a role for NRP1 and NRP1 glycosylation in mediating PDGF-induced VSMC migration, possibly by acting as a co-receptor for PDGFRα and via selective mobilization of a novel p130Cas tyrosine phosphorylation pathway.
Dichromatic spectral measurement circuit in vanilla CMOS

The circuit described in this paper uses a "verta-color" stacked two-diode structure to measure relative long and short wavelength spectral content. The p-type source-drain to nwell forms the top diode and the nwell-psubstrate diode forms the bottom diode. The circuit output is a digital PWM signal whose frequency encodes absolute intensity and whose duty cycle encodes the relative photodiode current. This signal is formed by a self-timed circuit that alternately discharges the top and bottom photodiodes. This circuit was fabricated in a standard 3M 2P 0.5 mum CMOS process. Monochromatic stimulation shows that the duty cycle varies between 50% and 7% as the photon wavelength is varied between 400 nm to 750 nm. The output frequency is 150 Hz at incident irradiance of 1.7 W/m2. Chip-to-chip variation of PWM duty cycle and frequency is about 1% measured over 5 chips. Power consumption is 20 muW. A modified version of this circuit could form the basis for simple color vision sensors built in widely-available vanilla CMOS.
Human Insulinoma Hybrids Produce Proinsulin-like Material

We have established somatic cell hybrids by fusing cells from two human insulinomas with an established murine cell line LMTK− CUD. After selection of the hybrids, the media were analyzed and found to contain insulin and human C-peptide immunoreactive material. The newly synthesized material was further characterized by pulse labeling and immunoprecipitation, and shown in five hybrid lines on Sephadex G-50 chroma-tography to have a size similar to proinsulin. The hybrids produced the apparent proinsulin-like material for up to 7 mo. Chromosome composition of the hybrids was determined by isozyme analysis and banding techniques. Chromosome 11, which previously has been assigned the insulin gene using cDNA probes, was identified in the hybrids producing proinsulin-like material. However, the retention of this chromosome did not always assure the production of hormone. This independent technique has confirmed the localization of the insulin gene to chromosome 11 and offers the opportunity of studying insulin processing and developing continuous insulin-producing cell lines.
A model of individual differences in learning air traffic control

Individual differences in skill acquisition are influenced by several architectural factors. According to Ackerman's theory, general intelligence, speed of proceduralization and psychomotor speed influence different stages of skill acquisition. Ackerman tested this theory by correlating performance on an Air Traffic Controller (ATC) task with tests on specific abilities. The present study discusses an ACT-R model of the ATC task in which the relevant abilities can be manipulated directly, providing additional support for the theory.
Impact of coexisting multivessel coronary artery disease on short-term outcomes and long-term survival of patients treated with carotid stenting

Introduction Systemic atherosclerosis can result in both coronary artery disease (CAD) and carotid artery disease. Recently it has been shown that patients with CAD have a higher incidence of microembolization during carotid artery stenting (CAS), and it has been hypothesized that they could be at higher risk in this intervention. Material and methods We retrospectively evaluated an institutional registry with 437 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography and CAS to evaluate their short-term outcomes and long-term survival with regard to the presence of coexisting multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD). Results We performed 220 CAS procedures in MVD patients and 318 CAS procedures in non-MVD patients. The incidence of in-hospital CAS-related adverse events was 2.7% and 2.5% in the MVD and non-MVD groups, respectively (p = 0.88). At 30 days, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the number of patients with adverse events (hierarchically death/stroke/myocardial infarction; 8.8% vs. 5.5%; p = 0.18). The median duration of follow-up was 4.23 years. Survival free of all-cause mortality at 1, 3 and 5 years was 90% (95% CI: 86–94%), 79% (95% CI: 73–85%) and 70% (95% CI: 64–77%), and 92% (95% CI: 89–95%), 85% (95% CI: 80–90%) and 76% (95% CI: 70–82%) for the MVD and non-MVD groups (p = 0.02), respectively. Conclusions These results suggest that patients with MVD combined with carotid artery disease are probably not at higher risk of early post-CAS adverse clinical events, but they have significantly worse long-term survival rates.
Simplified micrometric surface characterization of different implant surfaces available on the Brazilian market

Aim: This study characterized the implant surfaces available on the Brazilian market in terms of topography, chemical composition, and roughness. Methods: The following brands were selected according to their surfaces: Kopp (Ko), Signo Vinces (Sv), Neodent (Ne), Osseotite (Os) NanoTite (Nt), SIN (Si), Titanium Fix (Tf), conventional Straumann (Str), Active SLA (SLA). The morphological analysis and the alloy impurities and implant surface contaminants were analyzed by SEM-EDS. Surface roughness parameters and 3-D reconstructions were obtained by laser microscopy (20x). Two distinct areas were evaluated: i) the cervical portion (no surface treatment), and ii) the middle third (treated surface). Results: The characterization of the implant surfaces by SEM showed morphological differences between the thread geometries and surface morphology at 800x and 2000x magnification. The EDS elemental analysis showed a predominance of titanium (Ti) for all implants. The SLA surface showed only peaks of Ti while other implants brands showed traces of impurities and contaminants including Al, C, PR, F, Mg, Na, Ni, O, P, and SR. The implant surface roughness in the cervical portion did not exceed Ra 0.5–1.0 μm, constituting a minimally rough surface and obtaining acceptable standards for this region. Only Nt, Str, and SLA presented Ra above 2 μm in the middle third area showing a rough surface favorable for osseointegration. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is no established standard for morphology, chemical composition and implant surface roughness that allows a safe comparison between the available dental implant surfaces. National implant brands generally contain more impurities and surface contaminants than their international counterparts and were consequently more sensitive to the surface treatment techniques.
Improved Stereo Matching in Scattering Media by Incorporating a Backscatter Cue

In scattering media, as in underwater or haze and fog in atmosphere, image contrast deteriorates significantly due to backscatter. This adversely affects the performance of many computer vision techniques developed for clear open-air conditions, including stereo matching, when applied to images acquired in these environments. Since the strength of the scattering depends on the distance to the scene points, the scattering field embodies range information that can be exploited for 3-D reconstruction. In this paper, we present an integrated solution for 3-D structure from stereovision that incorporates the visual cues from both disparity and scattering. The method applies to images of scenes illuminated by artificial sources and natural lighting, and performance improves with discrepancy between the backscatter fields in the two views. Neither source calibration nor knowledge of medium optical properties is required. Instead, backscatter fields at infinity, i.e., stereo images taken with no target in the field of view, are directly employed in the estimation process. Results from experiments with synthetic and real data demonstrate the key advantages of our method.
CYP1A2*1E [corrected] contains the -163C>A substitution and is highly inducible.

Unified definitions and nomenclature systems for genetic variants are crucial for avoidance of confusion and misinterpretation in the research literature. In 1999, the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele (CYP-allele) Nomenclature Committee was initiated, with the overall goal of a nomenclature system that would unify and simplify research on genetic variability of CYP enzymes. Definitions and guidelines were created and agreed upon, which provided the basis for the publicly available CYP-allele database containing all designated CYP alleles (http://www.cypalleles.ki.se). This system is currently used as a nomenclature standard in the field of human cytochrome P450 polymorphism, and novel polymorphisms are peer reviewed before allele name designation and publication on the CYP-allele website.
On multimedia networks: self-similar traffic and network performance

The main objective in telecommunications network engineering is to have as many happy users as possible. In other words, the network engineer has to resolve the trade-off between capacity and QoS requirements. Accurate modeling of the offered traffic load is the first step in optimizing resource allocation algorithms such that provision of services complies with the QoS constraints while maintaining maximum capacity. As broadband multimedia services became popular, they necessitated new traffic models with self-similar characteristics. We present a survey of the self-similarity phenomenon observed in multimedia traffic and its implications on network performance. Our current research aims to fill the gap between this new traffic model and network engineering. An immediate consequence of this study is the demonstration of the limitations or validity of conventional resource allocation methods in the presence of self-similar traffic.
Prescription drug abuse: what is being done to address this new drug epidemic? Testimony before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources.

This comprehensive health policy review of the prescription drug abuse epidemic is based on the written and oral testimony of witnesses at a July 26, 2006 Congressional Hearing, including that of Laxmaiah Manchikanti, MD, the chief executive officer of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians and additions from review of the literature. Honorable Mark E. Souder, chairman of the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, introduced the issue as follows: "Prescription drug abuse today is second only to marijuana abuse. In the most recent household survey, initiates to drug abuse started with prescription drugs (especially pain medications) more often than with marijuana. The abuse of prescription drugs is facilitated by easy access (via physicians, the Internet, and the medicine cabinet) and a perception of safety (since the drugs are FDA approved). In addition to the personal toll of drug abuse using prescription drugs, indirect costs associated with prescription drug abuse and diversion include product theft, commission of other crimes to support addiction, law enforcement costs, and encouraging the practice of defensive medicine. " The Administration witnesses, Bertha Madras, Nora D. Volkow, MD, Sandra Kweder, MD, and Joe Rannazzisi reviewed the problem of drug abuse and discussed what is being done at the present time as well as future strategies to combat drug abuse, including prescription drug monitoring programs, reducing malprescriptions, public education, eliminating Internet drug pharmacies, and the development of future drugs which are not only tamper-resistant but also non-addictive. The second panel, consisting of consumers and advocates, included Misty Fetco, Linda Surks, and Barbara van Rooyan, all of whom lost their children to drugs, presented their stories and strategies to prevent drug abuse, focusing on education at all levels, development of resistant drugs, and non-opioid treatment of chronic pain. Mathea Falco, JD, and Stephen E. Johnson presented issues related to drug abuse and measures to curb drug abuse by various means. Stephen J. Pasierb presented startling statistics on teen drug abuse and various educational programs to deter abuse. Laxmaiah Manchikanti, MD presented an overview of prescription drug abuse, strategies to prevent drug abuse, including immediate funding and rapid implementation of NASPER, education at all levels and improving relations with the DEA and the provider community.
Uterine MHC Class I Molecules and β2-Microglobulin Are Regulated by Progesterone and Conceptus Interferons during Pig Pregnancy1

MHC class I molecules and β2-microglobulin (β2m) are membrane glycoproteins that present peptide Ags to TCRs, and bind to inhibitory and activating receptors on NK cells and other leukocytes. They are involved in the discrimination of self from non-self. Modification of these molecules in the placenta benefits pregnancy, but little is known about their genes in the uterus. We examined the classical class I swine leukocyte Ags (SLA) genes SLA-1, SLA-2, and SLA-3, the nonclassical SLA-6, SLA-7, and SLA-8 genes, and the β2m gene in pig uterus during pregnancy. Uterine SLA and β2m increased in luminal epithelium between days 5 and 9, then decreased between days 15 and 20. By day 15 of pregnancy, SLA and β2m increased in stroma and remained detectable through day 40. To determine effects of estrogens, which are secreted by conceptuses to prevent corpus luteum regression, nonpregnant pigs were treated with estradiol benzoate, which did not affect the SLA or β2m genes. In contrast, progesterone, which is secreted by corpora lutea, increased SLA and β2m in luminal epithelium, whereas a progesterone receptor antagonist (ZK137,316) ablated this up-regulation. To determine effects of conceptus secretory proteins (CSP) containing IFN-δ and IFN-γ, nonpregnant pigs were implanted with mini-osmotic pumps that delivered CSP to uterine horns. CSP increased SLA and β2m in stroma. Cell-type specific regulation of SLA and β2m genes by progesterone and IFNs suggests that placental secretions control expression of immune regulatory molecules on uterine cells to provide an immunologically favorable environment for survival of the fetal-placental semiallograft.
Genetic Analysis of the Hox Hydrogenase in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Reveals Subunit Roles in Association, Assembly, Maturation, and Function*

Background: Hox hydrogenase (HoxEFUYH) is present in some bacteria and cyanobacteria. Results: In Synechocystis, HoxYH and HoxEFU form subcomplexes that can be disrupted in Hox subunit mutants. Conclusion: Hox assembly is modular and most reliant on the presence of HoxF and -U, consistent with effects on Hox protein abundance and activity. Significance: Subcomplexes of Hox hydrogenase may represent steps in complex assembly and maturation. Hydrogenases are metalloenzymes that catalyze 2H+ + 2e− ↔ H2. A multisubunit, bidirectional [NiFe]-hydrogenase has been identified and characterized in a number of bacteria, including cyanobacteria, where it is hypothesized to function as an electron valve, balancing reductant in the cell. In cyanobacteria, this Hox hydrogenase consists of five proteins in two functional moieties: a hydrogenase moiety (HoxYH) with homology to heterodimeric [NiFe]-hydrogenases and a diaphorase moiety (HoxEFU) with homology to NuoEFG of respiratory Complex I, linking NAD(P)H ↔ NAD(P)+ as a source/sink for electrons. Here, we present an extensive study of Hox hydrogenase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We identify the presence of HoxEFUYH, HoxFUYH, HoxEFU, HoxFU, and HoxYH subcomplexes as well as association of the immature, unprocessed large subunit (HoxH) with other Hox subunits and unidentified factors, providing a basis for understanding Hox maturation and assembly. The analysis of mutants containing individual and combined hox gene deletions in a common parental strain reveals apparent alterations in subunit abundance and highlights an essential role for HoxF and HoxU in complex/subcomplex association. In addition, analysis of individual and combined hox mutant phenotypes in a single strain background provides a clear view of the function of each subunit in hydrogenase activity and presents evidence that its physiological function is more complicated than previously reported, with no outward defects apparent in growth or photosynthesis under various growth conditions.
A systematic review of effectiveness of complementary and adjunct therapies and interventions involving equines.

OBJECTIVE This systematic review examines the empirical literature in an emerging body of evidence for the effectiveness of biopsychosocial interventions involving equines across populations with chronic illness or health challenges. METHOD Selected quantitative studies published in peer-reviewed journals were reviewed for inclusion; the gray literature and white papers were also explored. Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) criteria and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) were applied to all studies. Fourteen full reports meeting a priori inclusion criteria were extracted from 103 studies accessed through 16 electronic databases and a hand search. Data were synthesized in relation to three research questions informing evidence-based practice. RESULTS No randomized clinical trials were located. Two studies provided a moderate level of evidence for effectiveness. Nine studies demonstrated statistically significant positive effects. Three studies did not find significant psychosocial effects for the target group, although one found significant positive effects for the comparison group. CONCLUSION In the aggregate, the evidence is promising in support of the effectiveness of complementary and adjunct interventions employing equines in the treatment of health challenges. Future studies are needed that utilize rigorous and creative designs, especially longitudinal studies and comparisons with established effective treatments.
Premature aging in persons with Down syndrome: MR findings.

PURPOSE To determine whether persons with Down syndrome have features of premature aging on routine MR imaging sequences. METHODS Sixty MR studies (in 30 persons with Down syndrome and 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects) were reviewed retrospectively by two blinded examiners. Sagittal T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted spin-echo images were evaluated for the presence and severity of three markers of brain aging: atrophy, white matter lesions, and T2 hypointensity of the basal ganglia, referenced to the examiner's internal standard of normal for that age and sex. RESULTS Persons with Down syndrome had higher prevalence and severity of the three markers studied than the control subjects. Atrophy and white matter lesions increased in prevalence with age; abnormal T2 hypointensity of the basal ganglia was more equally distributed with age. CONCLUSION Persons with Down syndrome have features of premature aging detectable at routine MR imaging.
A Fuzzy Classification Approach for Analog Fault Diagnosis Applying Immune Algorithm

A novel fault diagnosis approach is presented for analog circuits where the accessible test points are limited and insensitive enough to some fault components. The wavelet analysis as a tool to extract the fault samples makes good use of the fault information from the test points. Applying immune algorithm to obtain the clustering center of corresponding fault mode is satisfactory on convergence and accuracy. A fuzzy approach localizes the fault component according to the membership degrees of the test sample to the clustering centers of the standard fault modes. The results of the simulation experiment show that the proposed approach is effective and practicable.