Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Movement and demography of larval coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in streams with culverts in the Oregon Coast Range

approved: ____________________________________________________________________ Deanna H. Olson Richard A. Schmitz Barriers to the movement of aquatic organisms can increase the genetic and spatial isolation of populations and may decrease the viability of these regional populations. Focus on culvert passage issues has increased as federal agencies attempt to inventory and replace road-crossing stream culverts that are barriers to the movement of anadromous fish. However, the effect of road-crossing culverts on the movement of other aquatic organisms is not known. The coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) is an important component of headwater stream communities and their movement may be affected by culverts in the larval aquatic stage. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of road-crossing culverts on the movement and survival of larval coastal giant salamanders in the Oregon Coast Range. We conducted a mark-recapture study on larval D. tenebrosus in 3rd and 4th order streams to: i) determine culvert use and passage by design type (pipe and arch types) relative to reference stream reaches without culverts; and ii) model larval survival by season, age and culvert presence. We assessed the movement of over 2,000 larval D. tenebrosus in 14 streams and found that larvae were highly sedentary. Mean movement distances did not differ with culvert presence. However, a small portion of larvae (20%) moved sufficient distances to assess culvert passage. Larvae moved less frequently through stream reaches with culverts than stream reaches without culverts, suggesting a barrier effect. There was less upstream movement through pipe culverts than arch culverts. Also, there were lower larval densities in pipe culverts, indicating arch culverts provided more larval habitat. Larval density both inside culverts and in the adjacent stream reaches was associated with the presence of large substrates, which may be important in facilitating larval D. tenebrosus movement through culverts. Stream reaches with culverts were associated with higher levels of fine sediments, however, which may reduce the suitability of near-culvert habitats. Survival estimates indicated high selection pressure early in the larval period. Apparent survival was lower in summer, and for first-year in comparison to second/third-year larvae. Larval survival for both age groups was lower in reaches of stream with culverts although this effect was weak. Culvert effects on movement of coastal giant salamander aquatic larvae indicate they can operate as barriers but their effect on survival remains unclear. Culvert replacements that simulate both the natural stream bed and hydraulic conditions would help provide both habitat and passage opportunities for larval D. tenebrosus. Copyright by Jina P. Sagar July 22, 2004 All rights reserved Movement and Demography of Larval Coastal Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in Streams with Culverts in the Oregon Coast Range
Soils and the greenhouse effect : the present status and future trends concerning the effect of soils and their cover on the fluxes of greenhouse gasses, the surface energy balance, and the water balance

Part 1 Background: global distribution of the major soils and land cover types exchange of greenhouse gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere estimating the effect of changing land use on transpiration and evaporation the effect of changing land cover on the surface energy balance remote sensing techniques for monitoring of vegetation, and for estimating evapotranspiration and phytomass production. Part 2 Soils: soil processes and properties involved in the production of greenhouse gases, with special relevance to soil taxonomic systems, N.Van Breemen and T.C. J.Feijtel geographic quantification of soils and changes in their properties, W.G. Sombrock. Part 3 Sources and sinks of greenhouse gases: modelling global terrestrial sources and sinks of CO2 with special reference to soil organic matter, G.Esser biotic sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the context of the global budget of nitruous oxide, M.M. Umarov soil and land use related sources and sinks of methane (CH4) in the context of the global methane budget, H.Schutz et al. Part 4 Methods: gas flux measurement techniques with special reference to techniques suitable for measurements over large ecologically uniform areas, A.R. Mosier analysis of vegetation changes using satellite data, F.Blasco and F.Achard global data bases for evaluating trace gas sources and sinks, E.Matthews. Part 5 Partitioning of solar energy: the effect of land use change on net radiation and its partitioning into heat fluxes, H.J.Bolle quantification of regional dry and wet canopy evaporation, A.Henderson-Sellers and A.J.Pitman. Part 6 Extended abstracts: soils greenhouse gas fluxes, carbon dioxide greenhouse gas fluxes, methane greenhouse gas fluxes, nitrous oxide partitioning of solar energy soil moisture.
Distributed Generation with Heat Recovery and Storage

Electricity produced by distributed energy resources (DER) located close to end-use loads has the potential to meet consumer requirements more efficiently than the existing centralized grid. Installation of DER allows consumers to circumvent the costs associated with transmission congestion and other nonenergy costs of electricity delivery and potentially to take advantage of market opportunities to purchase energy when attractive. On-site, single-cycle thermal power generation is typically less efficient than central station generation, but by avoiding nonfuel costs of grid power and by utilizing combined heat and power applications, i.e., recovering heat from small-scale on-site thermal generation to displace fuel purchases, DER can become attractive to a strictly cost-minimizing consumer. In previous efforts, the decisions facing typical commercial consumers have been addressed using a mixed-integer linear program, the DER customer adoption model (DER-CAM). Given the site’s energy loads, utility tariff.
Use and Misuse of Material Transfer Agreements: Lessons in Proportionality from Research, Repositories, and Litigation

Material transfer agreements exist to facilitate the exchange of materials and associated data between researchers as well as to protect the interests of the researchers and their institutions. But this dual mandate can be a source of frustration for researchers, creating administrative burdens and slowing down collaborations. We argue here that in most cases in pre-competitive research, a simple agreement would suffice; the more complex agreements and mechanisms for their negotiation should be reserved for cases where the risks posed to the institution and the potential commercial value of the research reagents is high.
Non-agricultural land use and land reform: theory and evidence from Brazil

This paper examines the effect of nonagricultural land use on agrarian organization and land reform, providing a simple model to determine its policy implications and some evidence on its importance. It is argued that, if land-rental market is imperfect, there is a role for redistributive land policies and the following implications hold: (i) land reform is more probable to enhance efficiency in a low-wage economy; (ii) such policies should aim small farmers instead of landless people, obtaining land from large landholders. Empirical evidence suggests this is a relevant issue in Brazil, specially during periods of high macroeconomic instability.
Climate variability in Tasmania based on dendroclimatic studies of Lagarostrobos Franklinii

Four new Huon pine ring-width chronologies complete a seven-chronology network from western Tasmania, and span an elevationial range from 200 to 950 metres above sea level. The new chronologies are from relict stands in the Frenchmans Cap area of western Tasmania, and range from 451 to 1925 years in length. Two are from rare subalpine sites above 800 metres, and two are from 550 and 700 metres, respectively. The sample depth in the earliest portion of the 950 metre-high chronology from Mt. Read, from which a 2792 year reconstruction of warm season temperature was previously derived, is substantially improved through the inclusion of several subfossil logs. The crossdating of ring sequences, and the climatic responses of the three earlier chronologies is confirmed. The chronology network enables a more complete analysis of Huon pine's climatic response throughout much of its latitudinal and elevational range. An improved temperature time-series (a composite of 9 coastal or near-coastal records surrounding Tasmania) is used for the calibration and verification of the climate response. Response function analyses clearly define the seasonal influence of temperature and preciptiation on Huon pine growth. An elevation dependence of the temperature response is revealed, reflecting the stratification of the climate in mountainous western Tasmania. This vertical structure is due to the effects of orographic uplift of westerly and southwesterly airflow, combined with a persistent subsidence-inversion layer above 700 metres. Apparent changes in the mean height of a persistent cloud zone (from 820 - 930 metres) are coincident with recent warming in the region. These changes appear to be associated with a poleward migration of the mean latitude of the Subtropical High Pressure Belt, and slackened zonal circulation. New reconstructions of temperature help define the regional extent of the climate signal from this region. Several unique qualities make Huon pine a valuable resource for palaeoenvironmental research, in particular the tremendous preservation properties of its wood which can survive for many thousands of years. The abundance of subfossil logs at most sites allows for great sample depth through time. Very long ring sequences allow for the preservation of low-frequency signals in the chronology indices, normally not afforded by dendroclimatological reconstructions. Such low-frequency signals are critical for the detection of natural climate variability on timescales of centuries to millennia, and allow for a more accurate assessment of recent trends in regional climate.
Comparative studies of different system models for iterative CT image reconstruction

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Hengyong Yu, who first introduced me to the wonderful world of CT image reconstruction. He devoted a great deal of time to instruct me throughout the years. His inspiration, constant support and valuable advice encouraged me to conquer the hardship both in research and life. I would also like to thank my co-advisor, Dr. Ge Wang, whose valuable advices gave me many inspirations. I learned a lot from his great vision and innovative thinking. I would also like to thank all the lab members, such as Dr. Baodong Liu. Your helpful discussions have been greatly appreciated. Finally, I would like to thank my parents, sisters and brothers-in-law for their continued support. You are my eternal source of driving force.
Multi-scale Evapotranspiration in Arid Land

Plant scale transpiration is the most fundamental part of ET process. Transpiration in plants is a critical eco-hydrological process linking plant-atmosphere interactions, which is more important in the arid environment because the surface runoff is of no practical importance in the hydrological budget. However, investigations on transpiration in arid land species under natural conditions have not been comprehensive. I present here the long-term sap flow monitoring of a dominant desert species, Haloxylon ammodendron, growing in the southern edge of Gurbantunggut Desert in northwest China, at both tree and branch scales, during the growing seasons from 2009 to 2011. Firstly, sap flows at tree scale and branch scale are compared. Daily sap flow at whole tree scale showed a good relationship with atmospheric evaporation demand (P < 0.001), while daily sap flow at branch scale showed good relationships with the VTR (variable of transpiration rate, P < 0.01). Hysteresis in hourly sap flow at both scales were observed as a function of micro-meteorological variables, in which the hysteresis between sap flow and VPD was clockwise rotation, suggesting the water use of H. ammodendron was not just related to the stomatal behavior, but also use of stored plant water. The hysteresis between sap flow and PPFD was counter-clockwise after precipitation, but turned to be clockwise under dry conditions, which was ever clearer at whole tree scale. Different responses of sap flows at branch and whole tree scale to climate factors were identified, which strongly indicated that H. ammodendron has some mechanisms to reduce whole tree water use at high transpiration demand, while maintaining part of canopy under relatively high water use, which resulted in canopy scale patchiness. Then, the transpiration of Haloxylon ammodendron is also estimated from up-scaled tree scale sap flow monitoring by Thermal Dissipation Probe method. The stem sap flux density averaged at 1.86 m 3 m -2 d -1 during the measurement period for three years, while the transpiration per day based on ground area (EC) ranged from 0.05 to 0.27 mm d -1 , and averaged at 0.14 mm d -1 , relatively lower than other species,
European inland fisheries advisory commission methodologies for assessing socio-economic benefits of European Inland Recreational Fisheries.

The EIFAC Methodologies for assessing socio-economic benefits of European inland recreational fisheries were prepared in 2009 by the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) Ad Hoc Working Party on Socio-Economic Aspects of Inland Fisheries. EIFAC considered that the implementation of fisheries policy and management would benefit from a more compatible, comparable and scientifically rigorous application of benefit evaluation methods. To reach this goal, the Working Party prepared guidelines to conduct surveys focusing on social and economic benefits of inland recreational fishing in EIFAC member countries. Due to institutional aspects and management traditions, these guidelines are confined to Europe. By means of this Occasional Paper, the Working Party tries to highlight both the methodological and practical viewpoints when assessing the monetary value of social net benefits or other societal benefits from recreational fishing. The purpose is to make societal and economic valuation more accessible and to give insight to best current practices and black spots related to these tools.
Data Density Correlation Degree Clustering Method for Data Aggregation in WSN

One data aggregation method in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is sending local representative data to the sink node based on the spatial-correlation of sampled data. In this paper, we highlight the problem that the recent spatial correlation models of sensor nodes' data are not appropriate for measuring the correlation in a complex environment. In addition, the representative data are inaccurate when compared with real data. Thus, we propose the data density correlation degree, which is necessary to resolve this problem. The proposed correlation degree is a spatial correlation measurement that measures the correlation between a sensor node's data and its neighboring sensor nodes' data. Based on this correlation degree, a data density correlation degree (DDCD) clustering method is presented in detail so that the representative data have a low distortion on their correlated data in a WSN. In addition, simulation experiments with two real data sets are presented to evaluate the performance of the DDCD clustering method. The experimental results show that the resulting representative data achieved using the proposed method have a lower data distortion than those achieved using the Pearson correlation coefficient based clustering method or the α-local spatial clustering method. Moreover, the shape of clusters obtained by DDCD clustering method can be adapted to the environment.
Ocean weather forecasting : an integrated view of oceanography

Part I: Introduction 1: N. Smith, Perspectives from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment Part II: Modeling 2: S. Griffies, Some ocean models fundamentals 3: A.M. Treguier, Models of ocean: Which ocean? 4: R. Bleck, On the use of hybrid vertical coordinates in ocean circulation modeling 5: E. Blayo and L. Debreu, Nesting ocean models Part III: Oceanographic observations and atmospheric forcing 6: I. Robinson, Satellite measurements for operational ocean models 7: U. Send, In-situ observations: Platforms and techniques 8: S. Pouliquen, In-situ observations: Operational systems and data management 9: W. Large, Surface fluxes for practitioners of global ocean data assimilation Part IV: Data assimilation 10: P. Brasseur, Ocean data assimilation using sequential methods base on the Kalman filter 11: I. Fukumori, What is data assimilation really solving, and how is the calculation actually done? 12: F. Rabier, Importance of data: A meteorological perspective 13: D. Anderson, M. Balmaseda, and A. Vidard, The ECMWF perspective Part V: Systems 14: P. Bahurel, MERCATOR OCEAN global to regional ocean monitoring and forecasting 15: M. Bell, R. Barciela, A. Hines, M. Martin, A. Sellar, and D. Storkey, The Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) system 16: E. Chassignet, H. Hurlburt, O.M. Smedstad, G. Halliwell, P. Hogan, A. Wallcraft, and R. Bleck, Ocean prediction with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) 17: A. Schiller and N. Smith, BLUElink: Large-to-coastal scale operational oceanography in the Southern Hemisphere 18: J.F. Minster, Operational oceanography: A European perspective 19: Y. Desaubies, MERSEA: Development of a European ocean monitoring and forecasting system20: L. Crosnier and C. Le Provost, Internal metrics definition for operational forecast systems inter-comparison: Example in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea 21: J. Harding and J. Rigney,Operational oceanography in the U.S. Navy: A GODAE perspective 22: M. Altalo, Applications of ocean forecast information for economic advancement in developed and developing societies 23: B. Hackett, Forecasting the drift of objects and substances in the ocean 24: A. Oschlies, On the use of data assimilation in biogeochemical modelling 25: J. Wilkin and L. Lanerolle, Ocean forecast and analysis models for coastal observatories Appendix Index
Biodiversity and cultural property in the management of limestone resources - lessons from East Asia

This study focuses on the quarrying of limestone, as a subsidiary element of infrastructure projects, whose impact is not adequately assessed; even environmental assessments do not take full account of the potential of its biological, cultural, geological, and scenic features; thus, the awareness of these features forms the core of this study. The main use of limestone, a non-renewable resource, is examined, for, it is an essential raw material for cement manufacture, paramount for the construction industry. Furthermore, limestone is of major developmental importance, since the production of cement is often used as a barometer of growth and progress. However, the emphasis of the study is on the bio-diversity aspects, and cultural properties of limestone surroundings, not often taken into account. The bio-diversity of limestone ecosystems comprises species, who survive due to the abundance of calcium carbonate, enduring dry soil conditions, or species uniquely confined to limestone caves. Extinctions of limestone-restricted species have been recorded, and the status of other species, with significant economic value, is perilous. Culturally and historically, limestone areas are highly significant, as they may harbor evidences of early human culture in East Asia, providing, insights on prehistoric data through paleontological remains, and, invaluable information on environmental conditions and climate. The study discusses impact mitigation measures, limestone management options, and provides the rational, and sustainable means to exploit these resources.
Corn yield estimation in Serbia using MODIS 13Q1 product

The aim of our study was to verify the accuracy and the usability of Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) 13Q1 product for corn yield estimation on a local level for 2014 year. Product 13Q1 consists of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) 16-day composites with 250 m spatial resolution. The estimation is based on ground truth data (sowing structures for 8 years) which was provided by local agricultural organization in Vojvodina, Serbia. The indices were used in linear regression, where the average yield for corn was the dependent variable, NDVI and EVI were independent variables. Average corn yield was estimated approximately 15 days before the beginning of the harvest and compared with official results. Depending on the used linear method, relative errors ranged from 0.6 % to 7.4 %. Overall, coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 0.66 to 0.75 and were significant at 0.05. The smallest difference between official results for corn yield and our estimate when using NDVI was 0.59 t/ha, when using EVI the smallest difference was 0.07 t/ha. Paper showed that NDVI and EVI from MODIS follow linear relationship with average corn yield and can be used in estimation of crop yields in Serbia and also that EVI produces better prediction results than NDVI. The crop yield estimation can be used for similar cultivated plants in Serbia and for longer period dataset.
Comparison of cumulative incidence functions of current status competing risks data with discrete observation times

Abstract Competing risks data with current status censoring arise frequently from transversal studies in demography, epidemiology and reliability theory; where the only information about lifetime is whether the event of interest has occurred or not before a monitoring time. In practice, the monitoring times are discrete, but most of the studies consider them as continuous in nature. In the present paper, we propose a non parametric test for comparing cumulative incidence functions of current status competing risks data while the observation (monitoring) times are discrete. Asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is also derived. A simulation study is conducted to assess the finite sample behavior of the test statistic. The practical utility of the procedure is well demonstrated using a real-life data set on menopausal history of 2423 women given in Jewell, van der Laan, and Henneman (2003).