Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parameter-invariant detection of unknown inputs in networked systems

This work considers the problem of detecting unknown inputs in networked systems whose dynamics are governed by time-varying unknown parameters. We propose a strategy in opposition to the commonly employed approach of first estimating the unknown parameters and then using the estimates as the true parameter values for detection, e.g. maximum-likelihood approaches. The suggested detection scheme employs test statistics that are invariant to the unknown parameters and do not rely on parameter estimation. We specifically consider the case of severe lack of prior knowledge, i.e., the problem of detecting unknown inputs when nothing is known of the system but some primitive structural properties, namely that the system is a linear network, subject to Gaussian noise, and that a certain input signal is either present or not. The aim is thus to analyze the structure and performances of invariant tests in a limiting case, specifically where the amount of prior information is minimal. The developed test is proven to be maximally invariant to the unknown parameters and Uniformly Most Powerful Invariant (UMPI). Simulation results indicate that for arbitrary networked systems the parameter-invariant detector achieves a specified probability of false alarm while ensuring that the probability of detection is maximized.
Search for Resonant Pair Production of long-lived particles decaying to b anti-b in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV

We report on a first search for production of Higgs bosons decaying into neutral long-lived particles (NLLP) which each decay to a b{bar b} pair, using 3.6 fb{sup -1} of data recorded with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We search for pairs of displaced vertices in the tracking detector at radii in the range 1.6-20 cm from the beam axis. No significant excess is observed above background, and upper limits are set on the production rate in a hidden-valley benchmark model for a range of Higgs boson masses and NLLP masses and lifetimes.
Encoding CSPs with Zero-Suppressed Decision Diagrams

A well established technology in the knowledge compilation community is the encoding of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) by binary decision diagrams (BDDs). A technology that among other things has found its use interactive configuration and other kinds of decision support. The main contribution of this paper is the observation that zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZBDDs)that originally was intended for set-manipulation are very well suited to represent CSPs efficiently. As ZBDDs are already efficiently supported by the popular decision diagram package Cudd [17], no extra implementation is needed in order to use ZBDDs instead of BDDs. Using the real-world CSP instances from CLib [5], we empirically demonstrate that using ZBDDs instead of BDDs often result in significantly smaller representations. We also show that this trend holds as well during the compilation of the decision diagrams, which can make the difference between whether or not a CSP can be compiled, given the amount of RAM available.
Contribution of β-Lactamases and Porin Proteins OmpK35 and OmpK36 to Carbapenem Resistance in Clinical Isolates of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

ABSTRACT Fifty-seven carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates belonging to ST11 (50 isolates), ST423 (5 isolates), and two other sequence types were studied. All were positive for blaKPC-2, blaTEM-1, and blaCTX-M-14. SDS-PAGE analysis of six representative isolates demonstrated varied porin expression. Nevertheless, when blaKPC-2 was deleted, carbapenem resistance was markedly reduced. Additionally, SHV-12, DHA-1, and/or VIM-1 appeared to contribute to accessory carbapenemase activity. In contrast, OmpK35 and/or OmpK36 deficiency seemed to serve only as a minor cooperative factor.
Differences Between Men and Women in Social Relations, Resource Deficits, and Depressive Symptomatology During Later Life in Four Nations

This article examines gender differences in social relations and resource deficits in France (N= 553), Germany (N= 516), Japan (N= 491), and the United States (N= 514). These data, from regionally representative samples, indicate few gender differences in quantity or quality of social relations, but that women are more likely than men to experience widowhood, illness, and financial strain. In all countries, more deficits and more negative social interactions are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Interestingly, among women in France and Japan but not among men in any country, quality of social relations offsets the negative consequences of resource deficits. Findings suggest that quality of social relations may have important implications for helping people, particularly women, cope with resource deficits common in late life.
Nuclear pore complexes form immobile networks and have a very low turnover in live mammalian cells

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) and its relationship to the nuclear envelope (NE) was characterized in living cells using POM121–green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GFP-Nup153, and GFP–lamin B1. No independent movement of single pore complexes was found within the plane of the NE in interphase. Only large arrays of NPCs moved slowly and synchronously during global changes in nuclear shape, strongly suggesting mechanical connections which form an NPC network. The nuclear lamina exhibited identical movements. NPC turnover measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of POM121 was less than once per cell cycle. Nup153 association with NPCs was dynamic and turnover of this nucleoporin was three orders of magnitude faster. Overexpression of both nucleoporins induced the formation of annulate lamellae (AL) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Turnover of AL pore complexes was much higher than in the NE (once every 2.5 min). During mitosis, POM121 and Nup153 were completely dispersed and mobile in the ER (POM121) or cytosol (Nup153) in metaphase, and rapidly redistributed to an immobilized pool around chromatin in late anaphase. Assembly and immobilization of both nucleoporins occurred before detectable recruitment of lamin B1, which is thus unlikely to mediate initiation of NPC assembly at the end of mitosis.
Electrostatic dipole polarizability and plasmon resonances of multilayer nanoshells

We propose a generalized formula for calculating the dipole polarizability of spherical multilayer nanoshells (MNSs) within the long-wavelength approximation (LWA). Given a MNS with a finite number of concentric layers, radii, and dielectric properties, embedded in a dielectric medium, in the presence of a uniform electric field, we show that its frequency-dependent and complex dipole polarizability can be expressed in terms of the dipole polarizability of the preceding MNS. This approach is different from previous more involved methods where the LWA polarizability of a MNS is usually derived from scattering coefficients. Using both finite-element method- and Mie theory-based simulations, we show that our proposed formula reproduces the usual LWA results, when it is used to predict absorption spectra, by comparing the results to simulated spectra obtained from MNSs with $n$ number of layers up to $n = 6$ layers. An iterative algorithm for calculating the dipole polarizability of a MNS based on the generalized formula is presented. A Fr\"{o}hlich function whose zeroes correspond to the dipolar localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) supported by the MNS is proposed. We identify a pairing behaviour by some LSPRs in the Fr\"{o}hlich function that might also be useful for mode characterization.
Extragradient Sliding for Composite Non-Monotone Variational Inequalities

Variational inequalities offer a versatile and straightforward approach to analyzing a broad range of equilibrium problems in both theoretical and practical fields. In this paper, we consider a composite generally non-monotone variational inequality represented as a sum of $L_q$-Lipschitz monotone and $L_p$-Lipschitz generally non-monotone operators. We applied a special sliding version of the classical Extragradient method to this problem and obtain better convergence results. In particular, to achieve $\varepsilon$-accuracy of the solution, the oracle complexity of the non-monotone operator $Q$ for our algorithm is $O\left(L_p^2/\varepsilon^2\right)$ in contrast to the basic Extragradient algorithm with $O\left((L_p+L_q)^2/\varepsilon^2\right)$. The results of numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings and show the superiority of the proposed method.
Joint Planning of Charging Stations and Power Systems for Heavy-Duty Drayage Trucks

As global concerns about climate change intensify, the transition towards zero-emission freight is becoming increasingly vital. Drayage is an important segment of the freight system, typically involving the transport of goods from seaports or intermodal terminals to nearby warehouses. This sector significantly contributes to not only greenhouse gas emissions, but also pollution in densely populated areas. This study presents a holistic optimization model designed for an efficient transition to zero-emission drayage, offering cost-effective strategies for the coordinated investment planning for power systems, charging infrastructure, and electric drayage trucks. The model is validated in the Greater Los Angeles area, where regulatory goals are among the most ambitious. Furthermore, the model's design allows for easy adaptation to other regions. By focusing on drayage trucks, this study also paves the way for future research into other freight categories, establishing a foundation for a more extensive exploration in this field.
Review Of Internet Health Information Quality Initiatives

Background The massive growth of health information on the Internet; the global nature of the Internet; the seismic shift taking place in the relationships of various actors in this arena, and the absence of real protection from harm for citizens who use the Internet for health purposes are seen to be real problems. One response to many of these problems has been the burgeoning output of codes of conduct by numerous organizations trying to address quality of health information. Objectives Review the major self-regulatory initiatives in the English-speaking world to develop quality and ethical standards for health information on the Internet. Compare and analyze the approaches taken by the different initiatives. Clarify the issues around the development and enforcement of standards. Methods Quality initiatives selected meet one or more of the following criteria: Self-regulatory. A reasonable constituency. Diversity (eg, of philosophy, approach and process)-to achieve balance and wide representation, and to illustrate and compare different approaches. Historic value. A wider reach than a national audience, except when its reach is a significant sector of the Internet health information industry. The initiatives were compared in 3 ways: (1) Analysis and comparison of: key concepts, mechanism, or approach. Analysis of: the obligations that a provider has to meet to comply with the given initiative, the intended beneficiaries of that initiative, and the burdens imposed on different actors. These burdens are described in terms of their effect on the long-term sustainability and maintenance of the initiative by its developers. Analysis of the enforcement mechanisms. (2) Analysis and comparison by type of sponsoring organization, the reach of the initiative, and the sources of funding of the initiative or the sponsoring organization. (3) How the various initiatives fall under 1 of 3 key mechanisms and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of these key mechanisms. Results The issues that affect the initiatives and future work on the quality of health information on the Internet are identified and analyzed. These issues are: (a) Three key mechanisms used in the quality initiatives (b) Sustainability issues that affect the initiatives: Burdens placed on health information providers, citizens and others. Currency and maintenance issues of the initiatives. Funding. Cost. Acceptance. Market conditions. User indifference or ambivalence. (c) Enforcement issues surrounding the initiatives (d) Adequacy of approach, scope, reach, and enforcement provisions of the various quality initiatives (e) Gaps that need to be addressed to achieve good quality of health information on the internet Conclusions Ten conclusions are presented. A framework of action to be undertaken by the World Health Organization in the field of quality of health information on the Internet is recommended.
Hypnotizability, Laterality of Eye-Movements and Functional Brain Asymmetry

The direction of lateral eye-movements upon inward direction of attention or reflection is related to hypnotic susceptibility. A predominance of left eye-movements is associated with greater hypnotizability and also with humanistic interests, relatively poorer mathematical performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test, and clearer imagery. Results are discussed in terms of functional asymmetry of the brain.
An Inverse Equilibrium Maximum Entropy Algorithm Applied to Proteins

A computational method is developed to work on an inverse equilibrium problem with an interest towards applications with protein folding. In general, we are given a set of equilibrium confgiurations and want to derive the most probable potential function that results in these configurations. The method is applied to polymer simulations and a simple model of proteins using protein structures obtained from the Protein Data Bank this http URL The resulting energy function is tested on a few decoy sets with limited success.
Mutual Information of a class of Poisson-type Channels using Markov Renewal Theory

The mutual information (MI) of Poisson-type channels has been linked to a filtering problem since the 70s, but its evaluation for specific continuous-time, discrete-state systems remains a demanding task. As an advantage, Markov renewal processes (MrP) retain their renewal property under state space filtering. This offers a way to solve the filtering problem analytically for small systems. We consider a class of communication systems $X \to Y$ that can be derived from a MrP by a custom filtering procedure. For the subclasses, where (i) $Y$ is a renewal process or (ii) $(X,Y)$ belongs to a class of MrPs, we provide an evolution equation for finite transmission duration $T>0$ and limit theorems for $T \to \infty$ that facilitate simulation-free evaluation of the MI $\mathbb{I}(X_{[0,T]}; Y_{[0,T]})$ and its associated mutual information rate (MIR). In other cases, simulation cost is significantly reduced. We show that systems with an additional $X$-modulating level $C$, which statically chooses between different processes $X_{[0,T]}(c)$, can naturally be included in our framework thereby giving an expression for $\mathbb{I}(C; Y_{[0,T]})$. The theoretical framework is showcased in an application to bacterial gene expression, where filtering is analytically tractable.
MasonTigers at SemEval-2024 Task 1: An Ensemble Approach for Semantic Textual Relatedness

This paper presents the MasonTigers entry to the SemEval-2024 Task 1 - Semantic Textual Relatedness. The task encompasses supervised (Track A), unsupervised (Track B), and cross-lingual (Track C) approaches across 14 different languages. MasonTigers stands out as one of the two teams who participated in all languages across the three tracks. Our approaches achieved rankings ranging from 11th to 21st in Track A, from 1st to 8th in Track B, and from 5th to 12th in Track C. Adhering to the task-specific constraints, our best performing approaches utilize ensemble of statistical machine learning approaches combined with language-specific BERT based models and sentence transformers.
Spike-Triggered Covariance Analysis Reveals Phenomenological Diversity of Contrast Adaptation in the Retina

When visual contrast changes, retinal ganglion cells adapt by adjusting their sensitivity as well as their temporal filtering characteristics. The latter has classically been described by contrast-induced gain changes that depend on temporal frequency. Here, we explored a new perspective on contrast-induced changes in temporal filtering by using spike-triggered covariance analysis to extract multiple parallel temporal filters for individual ganglion cells. Based on multielectrode-array recordings from ganglion cells in the isolated salamander retina, we found that contrast adaptation of temporal filtering can largely be captured by contrast-invariant sets of filters with contrast-dependent weights. Moreover, differences among the ganglion cells in the filter sets and their contrast-dependent contributions allowed us to phenomenologically distinguish three types of filter changes. The first type is characterized by newly emerging features at higher contrast, which can be reproduced by computational models that contain response-triggered gain-control mechanisms. The second type follows from stronger adaptation in the Off pathway as compared to the On pathway in On-Off-type ganglion cells. Finally, we found that, in a subset of neurons, contrast-induced filter changes are governed by particularly strong spike-timing dynamics, in particular by pronounced stimulus-dependent latency shifts that can be observed in these cells. Together, our results show that the contrast dependence of temporal filtering in retinal ganglion cells has a multifaceted phenomenology and that a multi-filter analysis can provide a useful basis for capturing the underlying signal-processing dynamics.
Reducibility of commuting varieties of elements of simple Lie algebra

In this paper, we prove that the variety $C_m(L)$ of commuting $m$-tuples of elements of simple Lie algebra $L$ is often reducible. Explicitely, we prove it is reducible for all simple Lie algebra $L$ not isomorphic to $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ and $\mathfrak{sl})_3$, and all $m \geq 4$. We also prove it is reducible for $C_3(L)$ for $L$ of types $B_k,C_k,E_7,E_8,F_4,G_2$, $k \geq 2$, as well as for $D_l$ for $l \geq 10$. We do this by proving Theorem on Adding Diagonals, that says that if we can find a simple Lie subalgebra $L'$ whose Dynkin diagram is a subdiagram of the Dynkin diagram of $L$, then under mild conditions, from the fact that $C_m(L')$ is reducible, it follows that $C_m(L)$ is also reducible.
High-speed microscopic imaging of flagella motility and swimming in Giardia lamblia trophozoites

We report, in this paper, several findings about the swimming and attachment mechanisms of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. These data were collected using a combination of a high-contrast CytoViva imaging system and a particle image velocimetry camera, which can capture images at speeds greater than 800 frames/s. Using this system, we discovered that, during rapid swimming of Giardia trophozoites, undulations of the caudal region contributed to forward propulsion combined with the beating of the flagella pairs. It was also discovered, in contrast to previous studies with 10 times slower image sampling technique, that the anterior and posterolateral flagella beat with a clearly defined power stroke and not symmetrical undulations. During the transition from free swimming to attachment, trophozoites modified their swimming behavior from a rapid rotating motion to a more stable planar swimming. While using this planar swimming motion, the trophozoites used the flagella for propulsion and directional control. In addition to examination of the posterolateral and anterior flagella, a model to describe the motion of the ventral flagella was derived, indicating that the ventral flagella beat in an expanding sine wave. In addition, the structure of the ventrocaudal groove creates boundary conditions that determine the form of beating of the ventral flagella. The results from this study indicate that Giardia is able to simultaneously generate both ciliary beating and typical eukaryotic flagellar beating using different pairs of flagella.
A relationship between tolerance of blur and personality.

PURPOSE To determine whether tolerance of dioptric spherical defocus is related to measures of personality. Clinical observations suggest that there is individual variability in tolerance of blur. METHODS A computer-controlled Badal optometer was used to measure just-noticeable blur and just-objectionable blur responses to positive lens defocus. Blur tolerance was defined as the difference between these two responses. A personality battery was administered consisting of the NEO-FFI (Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness-Five Factor Inventory) and the California Adult Q-sort (general measures), as well as individual measures (hypothesis-driven scales) of perfectionism, neuroticism, highly sensitive person, ego resiliency, need for structure, and negative emotionality. Ninety-nine normally sighted subjects (median age, 21 years, median refractive error 0.6 DS) completed both parts of the study. RESULTS Within-subject blur tolerance measures with three different pupil sizes correlated highly (r(s) = 0.79-0.86), implying good repeatability. There was a wide range of individual blur tolerance (0.0-2.7 D). The personality questionnaires exhibited acceptable reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.67-0.91). Two perfectionism scales correlated significantly with blur tolerance (r = 0.25 and 0.27). The 15 questionnaire items that correlated most with blur tolerance were factor analyzed and yielded two conceptually meaningful factors (both α = 0.76). The "low self confidence" and "disorganization" factors correlated positively with blur tolerance (r = 0.38 and 0.36, respectively) and their composite correlated with blur tolerance (r = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence of a relationship between personality and tolerance of blur. Tolerance of blur may be related to perception of image quality. If so, personality may influence refractive error correction and development and other choices that are made when presented with degraded images.