Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATM network design and optimization: a multirate loss network framework

ATM network design and optimization at the call-level may be formulated in the framework of multirate, circuit-switched, loss networks with effective bandwidth encapsulating cell-level behavior. Each service supported on the ATM network is characterized by a rate or bandwidth requirement. Future networks will be characterized by links with very large capacities in circuits and by many rates. Various asymptotic results are given to reduce the attendant complexity of the numerical calculations. A central element is a uniform asymptotic approximation (UAA) for link analyses. Moreover, a unified hybrid approach is given which allows asymptotic and nonasymptotic (exact) methods of calculations to be used cooperatively. Network loss probabilities are obtained by solving fixed point equations. A canonical problem of route and logical network design is considered. An optimization procedure is proposed, which is guided by gradients obtained by solving a system of equations for implied costs. Finally, we report numerical results obtained by the software package TALISMAN, which incorporates the theoretical results. The network considered has 8 nodes, 20 links, 6 services and as many as 160 routes.
MuON : Epidemic based mutual anonymity in unstructuredP 2 P networks q

A mutual anonymity system enables communication between a client and a service provider without revealing their identities. In general, the anonymity guarantees made by the protocol are enhanced when a large number of participants are recruited into the anonymity system. Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are able to attract a large number of nodes and hence are highly suitable for anonymity systems. However, the churn (changes in system membership) within P2P networks, poses a significant challenge for low-bandwidth reliable anonymous communication in these networks. This paper presents MuON, a protocol to achieve mutual anonymity in unstructured P2P networks. MuON leverages epidemic-style data dissemination to deal with churn. Simulation results and security analysis indicate that MuON provides mutual anonymity in networks with high churn, while maintaining predictable latencies, high reliability, and low communication overhead. 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Some exact solutions for the rotational flow of a generalized second-grade fluid between two circular cylinders

The velocity field and the associated tangential stress corresponding to the flow of a generalized second-grade fluid between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders, are determined by means of the Laplace and Hankel transforms. At time t = 0, the fluid is at rest and at t = 0 + the cylinders suddenly begin to rotate about their common axis with a constant angular acceleration. The solutions that have been obtained satisfy the governing differential equations and all the imposed initial and boundary conditions. The similar solutions for a second-grade fluid and Newtonian fluid are recovered from our general solutions. The influence of the fractional coefficient on the velocity of the fluid is also analyzed by graphical illustrations.
An Energy-Efficient Forwarding Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy-efficient forwarding becomes important if resources and battery lifetime are limited such as in Wireless Sensor Networks. Although widely used, simple hop-based forwarding along a path from one node towards a sink can be very inefficient in terms of delivery rate as well as energy efficiency, especially in lossy environments. We will show that just minimizing the expected number of transmissions within the network is not always the most efficient forwarding strategy. Using a realistic link loss model, we derive two new forwarding schemes named Single-Link and Multi-Link Energy-Efficient Forwarding that trade off delivery rate and energy costs best by maximizing energy efficiency. Multi-Link Forwarding further benefits from addressing multiple receivers during packet forwarding, instead of a single one. By mathematical analyses, extensive simulations, and experimental experiments we contrast the performance of our approaches against a comprehensive framework of different forwarding strategies.
Traffic-Based Virtual Channel Activation for Low-Power NoC

A large amount of leakage power could be saved by increasing the number of idle virtual channels (VCs) in a network-on-chip (NoC). Low-leakage power switch is proposed to allow saving in power dissipation of the NoC. The proposed NoC switch employs power supply gating to reduce the power dissipation. Two power reduction techniques are exploited to design the proposed switch. Adaptive virtual channel technique is proposed as an efficient technique to reduce the active area using hierarchical multiplexing tree. Moreover, power gating (PG) reduces the average leakage power consumption of proposed switch. The proposed techniques save up to 97% of the switch leakage power. In addition, the dynamic power is reduced by 40%. The traffic-based virtual channel activation (TVA) algorithm is used to determine the traffic status and send adaptation signals to PG units to activate/deactivate the VCs. The TVA algorithm optimally utilizes VCs by deactivating idle VCs to guarantee high-leakage power saving with high throughput. TVA is an efficient and flexible algorithm that defines a set of parameters to be used to achieve minimum degradation in NoC throughput with maximum reduction in leakage power. The whole network average leakage power has been reduced by up to 80% for 2-D-mesh NoC with throughput degradation within only 1%. For 2-D-torus NoC, a saving in power of up to 84% is achieved with <;2% degradation in throughput. The implementation overhead of TVA is negligible.
The honeymoon phase: intersection of metabolism and immunology

Purpose of reviewEven though the honeymoon phase in type 1 diabetes mellitus has been well known, its underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly described. The common explanation that it occurs due to ‘β-cell rest’ on initiation of insulin therapy seems inadequate based on recent observations and studies and its underlying immunological aspects overlooked. Recent findingsIn this article, we will review the metabolic and immunological aspects of the honeymoon phase and we will present our current model of the pathophysiology of this phase. Our view is that it is one of many phases of remission occurring basically due to development of adaptive immune tolerance along the course of type 1 diabetes. We will also review new findings of the interplay between metabolic factors (ambient glucose level) and immune function. SummaryThe honeymoon phase provides a unique model to understand the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Research to unravel its immune pathogenesis is needed. It may turn out that the optimum form of intervention in type 1 diabetes is one that combines enhancement of antigen-specific adaptive immune tolerance with optimized metabolic control in order to keep cytotoxic T cells anergic.
Refactoring Prediction Using Class Complexity Metrics

In the lifetime of a software product, development costs are only the tip of the iceberg. Nearly 90% of the cost is maintenance due to error correction, adoptation and mainly enhancements. As Belady and Lehman (Lehman and Belady, 1985) state that software will become increasingly unstructured as it is changed. One way to overcome this problem is refactoring. Refactoring is an approach which reduces the software complexity by incrementally improving internal software quality. Our motivation in this research is to detect the classes that need to be rafactored by analyzing the code complexity. We propose a machine learning based model to predict classes to be refactored. We use Weighted Naïve Bayes with InfoGain heuristic as the learner and we conducted experiments with metric data that we collected from the largest GSM operator in Turkey. Our results showed that we can predict 82% of the classes that need refactoring with 13% of manual inspection effort on the average.
eNOS Genetic Polymorphisms and Cancer Risk

AbstractThe association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms (intron 4a/b, -786T>C and 894G>T) and cancer risk remains elusive. In addition, no studies focused on their associations with the risk of breast cancer in Chinese Han population. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and cancer risk, and then a case–control study in Chinese Han population was performed to assess their associations with breast cancer susceptibility.Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. The pooled analysis indicated that eNOS intron 4a/b and -786T>C polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer. In subgroup analyses based on cancer type, the significant association was found between eNOS intron 4a/b polymorphism and prostate cancer risk, eNOS -786T>C polymorphism and risk of prostate, bladder and breast cancers, and eNOS 894G>T polymorphism and breast cancer risk. In subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, eNOS intron 4a/b and -786T>C polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of cancer in Caucasians. In consistent with our meta-analysis results, a case–control study in Chinese Han population showed significant associations of eNOS -786T>C and 894G>T polymorphisms with the increased risk of breast cancer. In addition, stratified analyses based on pathological type showed that eNOS 894G>T polymorphism was only associated with the risk of infiltrative ductal carcinoma. Stratified analyses by tumor stage showed that eNOS -786T>C polymorphism was only associated with the risk of tumor stage III and IV.In conclusion, our meta-analysis and case–control study suggest that eNOS -786T>C and 894G>T polymorphisms are associated with the increased risk of breast cancer.
X-ray shielding by a novel garment woven with melt-spun monofilament weft yarn containing lead and tin particles

Conventional lead aprons are rather heavy and uncomfortable for the wearer and also crack easily due to bending during both usage and storage. Coating of textiles with certain compounds provides protection against ionizing radiation. However, coated garments may have reduced flexibility and breathability. The principle aim of this study is development of a lightweight textile-based X-ray radiation shielding. The shielding fabric, while capable of significantly attenuating X-rays, relative to current conventional aprons is more intrinsically flexible, breathable, economical, easy to maintain, and crack resistant. Samples of fabrics were woven using melt-spun polypropylene monofilament yarns containing lead and tin particles. Shielding properties of the samples was measured using a high-purity germanium detector. Results showed that the samples composed of higher metal particles concentration and higher metal density and atomic number exhibited higher attenuation capability. Mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. Furthermore, insignificant changes in the attenuation capability of samples due to abrasion and laundering processes occurred.
Towards Interoperable Provenance Publication on the Linked Data Web

Provenance provides vital information for evaluating quality and trustworthiness of information on the Web. To achieve this we must have access to semantically interchangeable provenance information and an agreement on where and how this information is to be located. The ongoing W3C Provenance Working Group provides a promise towards leveraging these problems. In this position paper, we provide an overview of how the upcoming standards and the existing vocabularies and publication approaches could t together so that we achieve an optimal interoperability now and in the near future. Because the standardization is an ongoing eort, any analysis results presented in this paper are positional and are aimed at communicating the latest development of the working group to the community.
Can a Shift in Fuel Energetics Explain the Beneficial Cardiorenal Outcomes in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Study? A Unifying Hypothesis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes excessive morbidity and premature cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Although tight glycemic control improves microvascular complications, its effects on macrovascular complications are unclear. The recent publication of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study documenting impressive benefits with empagliflozin (a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitor) on CV and all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure without any effects on classic atherothrombotic events is puzzling. More puzzling is that the curves for heart failure hospitalization, renal outcomes, and CV mortality begin to separate widely within 3 months and are maintained for >3 years. Modest improvements in glycemic, lipid, or blood pressure control unlikely contributed significantly to the beneficial cardiorenal outcomes within 3 months. Other known effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on visceral adiposity, vascular endothelium, natriuresis, and neurohormonal mechanisms are also unlikely major contributors to the CV/renal benefits. We postulate that the cardiorenal benefits of empagliflozin are due to a shift in myocardial and renal fuel metabolism away from fat and glucose oxidation, which are energy inefficient in the setting of the type 2 diabetic heart and kidney, toward an energy-efficient super fuel like ketone bodies, which improve myocardial/renal work efficiency and function. Even small beneficial changes in energetics minute to minute translate into large differences in efficiency, and improved cardiorenal outcomes over weeks to months continue to be sustained. Well-planned physiologic and imaging studies need to be done to characterize fuel energetics–based mechanisms for the CV/renal benefits.
Interactive rind modeling

In this paper, we describe a technique, with roots in topological graph theory, that we call rind modeling. It provides for the easy creation of surfaces resembling peeled and punctured rinds. We show how the method's two main steps of: 1) creation of a shell or crust like the rind of an orange, and 2) opening holes in the crust by punching or peeling can be encapsulated into a real time semi-automatic interactive algorithm. We include a number of worked examples, some by students in a first modeling course, that demonstrate the ease with which a large variety of intricate rind shapes can be created.
Forming Opinions via Trusted Friends: Time-Evolving Rating Prediction Using Fluid Dynamics

Trust-based recommendation systems study how people form opinions via trusted friends, so as to predict unknown ratings based on the ratings expressed by trusted friends. Most of the existing work only considers the ratings at the current time slot. In real life, a user's opinion evolves over time, since he receives the influence of different opinions sequentially. In addition, existing work usually targets a single user at a time; there is a need to predict multiple ratings for multiple connected users. To reach these ends, we propose a novel multiple-rating prediction scheme, FluidRating, which uses fluid dynamics theory to reveal the time-evolving formulation process of human opinions. In this scheme, each user corresponds to a container, and several containers are connected through single directional pipes, corresponding to influence relations. We identify three features of human personality in the opinion formulation and propagation process: “persistency” represents how much one insists on his opinion, “persuasiveness” represents the ability to impact others, and “forgetting” reflects the common truth that people have limited memory. The recommendation (or influence) is modeled as fluid with two dimensions: its temperature is taken as the “opinion/rating,” and its height is deemed as the persistency. When new opinions emerge, each person refines his opinion through a round of fluid exchange with neighbors. Opinions of multiple rounds are aggregated to gain a final prediction. Experimental evaluation in a real data set validates the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Distributed public key schemes secure against continual leakage

In this work we study distributed public key schemes secure against continual memory leakage. The secret key will be shared among two computing devices communicating over a public channel, and the decryption operation will be computed by a simple 2-party protocol between the devices. Similarly, the secret key shares will be periodically refreshed by a simple 2-party protocol executed in discrete time periods throughout the lifetime of the system. The leakage adversary can choose pairs, one per device, of polynomial time computable length shrinking (or entropy shrinking) functions, and receive the value of the respective function on the internal state of the respective device (namely, on its secret share, internal randomness, and results of intermediate computations). We present distributed public key encryption (DPKE) and distributed identity based encryption (DIBE) schemes that are secure against continual memory leakage, under the Bilinear Decisional Diffie-Hellman and $2$-linear assumptions. Our schemes have the following properties: 1. Our DPKE and DIBE schemes tolerate leakage at all times, including during refresh. During refresh the tolerated leakage is a (1/2-o (1),1)-fraction of the secret memory of P1, P2 respectively; and at all other times (post key generation) the tolerated leakage is a (1-o (1),1)-fraction of the secret memory of P1, P2 respectively. Our DIBE scheme tolerates leakage from both the master secret key and the identity based secret keys. Our DPKE scheme is CCA2-secure against continual memory leakage. Our DPKE scheme also implies a secure storage system on leaky devices, where a value s can be secretely stored on devices that continually leak information about their internal state to an external attacker. The devices go through a periodic refresh protocol. These properties improve on bounds and properties of known constructions designed to be secure against continual memory leakage in the single processor model.
Significant haemoglobinopathies: guidelines for screening and diagnosis

Antenatal screening/testing of pregnant women should be carried out according to the guidelines of the NHS Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Screening programme. Newborn screening and, when necessary, follow up testing and referral, should be carried out according to the guidelines of the NHS Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Screening programme. All babies under 1 year of age arriving in the UK should be offered screening for sickle cell disease. Preoperative screening for sickle cell disease should be carried out in patients from ethnic groups in which there is a significant prevalence of the condition. Emergency screening with sickle solubility tests must always be followed by definitive analysis. Laboratories performing antenatal screening should utilize methods capable of detecting significant variants and be capable of quantitating haemoglobins A 2 and F at the cut-off points required by the national antenatal screening programme. The laboratory must ensure a provisional report is available within three working days from sample receipt.
Executive Function and Activities of Daily Living in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Correlational Meta-Analysis

Background: The assessment of executive function (EF) and activities of daily living (ADL) are important elements in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Following a comprehensive search in three databases, a random-effects meta-analysis was used to investigate the association between ADL ability and seventeen tests of EF, three tests of attention and working memory and the Mini-Mental State Examination. The association between EF and ADL ability was further investigated in relation to four different methods of assessing ADL, and one specific ADL, driving. Results: Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, and a total of 3,663 participants were included, the majority of whom were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Most of the individual tests, including commonly used tests of EF such as the Clock Drawing Test, Letter Fluency and the Trail Making Test Part B, showed a significant moderate association with ADL. Associations between EF and ADL ability were similar for all four methods of assessing ADL ability. Driving ability was also moderately associated with EF. Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests a consistent moderate association between ADL and EF, supporting the growing evidence for a link between ADL and executive dysfunction in early dementia.
A new norsesquiterpene from Hainan soft coral Sinularia sp.

A new norsesquiterpene, sinunorcaryophyllenol (1), together with four known related terpenoids (2–5) have been isolated from Hainan soft coral Sinularia sp. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data analysis and by comparison with related model compounds.
Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction: assessment of image noise and image quality in coronary CT angiography.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) on cardiac CT angiography (CTA) signal, noise, and image quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 62 consecutive patients at three sites who underwent clinically indicated cardiac CTA using an ASIR-capable 64-MDCT scanner and a low-dose cardiac CTA technique. Studies were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), ASIR-FBP composites using 20-80% ASIR, and 100% ASIR. The signal and noise were measured in the aortic root and each of the four coronary arteries. Two blinded readers graded image quality on a 5-point Likert scale and determined the proportion of interpretable segments. All segments were included for analysis regardless of size. RESULTS In comparison with FBP (0% ASIR), the use of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% ASIR resulted in reduced image noise between groups (-7%, -17%, -26%, -35%, and -43%, respectively; p < 0.001) without difference in signal (p = 0.60). There were significant differences between groups (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% ASIR) in the Likert scores (1.5, 2.1, 3.7, 3.8, 2.0, and 1.1, respectively; p < 0.001) and proportion of interpretable segments (88.7%, 89.3%, 90.5%, 90.4%, 88.0%, and 87.3%, respectively; p < 0.001). Reconstruction using 40% and 60% ASIR had the highest Likert scores and largest proportion of interpretable segments. In comparison with FBP, each was associated with higher Likert scores and increased interpretable segments (p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION ASIR resulted in noise reduction and significantly impacted image quality. When using a low tube current technique, cardiac CTA reconstruction using 40% or 60% ASIR significantly improved image quality and the proportion of interpretable segments compared with FBP reconstruction.
Interaktive Wissensextraktion und Wissenssuche

Die hochwertige Annotation von Entitaten und ihren Beziehungen ist ein Schlussel zur Erschliesung groser Textmengen, erfordert aber eine Kombination von effizienten maschinellen Verfahren und manueller Uberprufung. Daruber hinaus ist auch eine ausdrucksstarke Suche, die uber eine reine Schlusselwortsuche hinausgeht, von entscheidender Bedeutung. Dieser Artikel stellt die Knowledge Workbench vor, die automatische Techniken zur Entitatenerkennung und Informationsextraktion zur Verfugung stellt. Durch Interaktion mit dem Benutzer werden die Verfahren dabei inkrementell fur das jeweilige Anwendungsgebiet optimiert. Daruber hinaus erlaubt sie eine strukturierte Suche von Texten auf Basis extrahierter Informationen.