Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracing salmon nutrients in riparian food webs : isotopic evidence in a ground-foraging passerine

The predictable annual spawning of anadromous salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861) provides an important marine resource subsidy to terrestrial species throughout the North Pacific. Using isotopic ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C), we examine pathways of salmon nutrient uptake by a ground-foraging passerine, the winter wren (Troglodytes troglodytes (L., 1758)), captured above and below waterfall barriers to salmon migration from two rivers on the central coast of British Columbia. Wren feathers exhibited substantial variation in δ15N (range = 18.6‰) and δ13C (range =7.9‰), approximating the isotopic range of invertebrates sampled at our study sites. Mean δ15N values of feathers and feces representing the fall diet of winter wrens were enriched by 4.8‰ and 8.0‰, respectively, below versus above the waterfall barriers. We observed positive relationships between δ15N and δ13C in fall-grown feathers and fecal samples below the falls but not above the falls, and large positive shifts (as high as.
NORM INEQUALITIES FOR OPERATORS WITH POSITIVE REAL PART

Let T = A + iB with A positive semidefinite and B Hermitian. We derive a majorisation relation involving the singular values of T,A, and B. As a corollary, we show that ||T|| 2 p ≤||A|| 2 p +2 1−2/p ||B|| 2 p , for all p≥2; and that this inequality is sharp. When 1≤p≤2 this inequality is reversed. For p = 1, we prove the sharper inequality ||T|| 2 1 ≥ ||A|| 2 1 +||B|| 2 1 . Such inequalities are useful in studying the geometry of Schatten spaces, and our results include and improve upon earlier results proved in this context. Some related inequalities are also proved in the paper.
One-dimensional Bose gas driven by a slow time-dependent harmonic trap

We consider the unitary time evolution of a one-dimensional cloud of hard-core bosons loaded on a harmonic trap potential which is slowly released in time with a general ramp g(t). After the identification of a typical length scale ℓ(t), related to the time ramp, we focus our attention on the dynamics of the density profile within a first order time-dependent perturbation scheme. In the special case of a linear ramp, we compare the first order predictions to the exact solution obtained through Ermakov–Lewis dynamical invariants. We also obtain an exact analytical solution for a cloud released from a harmonic trap with an amplitude that varies as the inverse of time. In such situations, the typical size of the cloud grows with a power law governed by an exponent that depends continuously on the initial trap frequency. At a high enough initial trap amplitude, the exponent acquires an imaginary part that leads to the emergence of a log-periodic modulation of the cloud expansion.
Polyethylene glycol conjugation of recombinant methioninase for cancer therapy.

Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) is a homotetrameric pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzyme of 172-kda molecular mass derived from Pseudomonas putida and cloned in Escherichia coli. rMETase has been found previously to be an effective, anti-tumor agent in vitro and in vivo. The enzyme targets the elevated minimal methionine requirement seen in all tumor types. In order to prevent immunological reactions which might be produced by multiple dosing of rMETase and to prolong the serum half-life of rMETase, the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester of methoxypolyethylene glycol propionic acid (M-SPA-PEG 5000) has been coupled to rMETase. Molar ratios of M-SPA-PEG-5000 (PEG) to rMETase from 10 to 40 were used for PEGylation of rMETase. PEGylation reactions were run at 20 degrees C for 30 to 60 min in reaction buffer (20 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 8.3). The PEGylated molecules (PEG-rMETase) were purified from unreacted PEG with Amicon 30 K centriprep concentrators or by Sephacryl S-300 HR gel-filtration chromatography. Unreacted rMETase was removed by DEAE Sepharose FF anion-exchange chromatography. The resulting PEG-rMETase subunit, from a PEG/rMETase ratio of 30/1 in the synthetic reaction, had a molecular mass of approximately 53 kda determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, indicating the conjugation of two PEG molecules per subunit of rMETase and eight per tetramer. PEG-rMETase molecules obtained from reacting ratios of PEG /rMETase of 30/1 had enzyme activities of 70% of unmodified rMETase. PEGylation of rMETase increased the serum half-life of the enzyme in rats to approximately 160 min compared to 80 min for unmodified rMETase. PEG-rMETase could deplete serum methionine levels to less than 0.1 microM for approximately 8 h compared to 2 h for rMETase in rats. Efficacy studies of PEG-rMETase on human lung cancer and kidney cancer cells in vitro demonstrated a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.04 and 0.06 units/ml, respectively. These IC50 values were almost identical to unmodified rMETase, thus indicating maintenance of antitumor efficacy in the PEGylated enzyme. PEG-rMETase had an IC50 for normal lung and kidney cells of 0.8 and 1.5 units/ml, respectively, similar to rMETase. The efficacy data indicated that PEG-rMETase maintained the high level tumor selectivity of rMETase. PEG-rMETase injected intravenously in mice demonstrated a tumor/blood retention ratio of approximately 1/6 compared to 1/10 of unmodified enzyme, indicating that PEG-rMETase distributes to the tumor at least as effectively as rMETase.
A multidimensional platform for the purification of non-coding RNA species

A renewed interest in non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has led to the discovery of novel RNA species and post-transcriptional ribonucleoside modifications, and an emerging appreciation for the role of ncRNA in RNA epigenetics. Although much can be learned by amplification-based analysis of ncRNA sequence and quantity, there is a significant need for direct analysis of RNA, which has led to numerous methods for purification of specific ncRNA molecules. However, no single method allows purification of the full range of cellular ncRNA species. To this end, we developed a multidimensional chromatographic platform to resolve, isolate and quantify all canonical ncRNAs in a single sample of cells or tissue, as well as novel ncRNA species. The applicability of the platform is demonstrated in analyses of ncRNA from bacteria, human cells and plasmodium-infected reticulocytes, as well as a viral RNA genome. Among the many potential applications of this platform are a system-level analysis of the dozens of modified ribonucleosides in ncRNA, characterization of novel long ncRNA species, enhanced detection of rare transcript variants and analysis of viral genomes.
JACoW : Optical Beam Loss Monitor for RF Cavity Characterisation

Beam Loss Monitors (BLMs) based on optical fibres have been under development for many years as an alternative solution to commonly used methods, such as ionisation chambers. Optical BLMs (oBLMs) maintain standard BLM functionality but can also be used for machine and personal protection. They can be implemented over the entire beam line providing excellent position and time resolution, while being insensitive to radiation induced damage. This contribution describes how oBLMs can also assist in the characterisation of RF cavities during commissioning and operation. It first presents the design principle of highly compact monitors and the underpinning theory for particle loss detection, before discussing data obtained in experimental tests at the electron accelerator CLARA. It then shows how a 4-channel oBLM can be applied for efficient cavity monitoring. Finally, the results are put into a broader context underlying the application potential in accelerators and light sources.
How Does Globalization Affect the Synchronization of Business Cycles?

This paper examines the impact of rising trade and financial integration on international business cycle comovement among a large group of industrial and developing countries. The results provide at best limited support for the conventional wisdom that globalization has increased the degree of synchronization of business cycles. The evidence that trade and financial integration enhance global spillovers of macroeconomic fluctuations is mostly limited to industrial countries. One striking result is that, on average, cross-country consumption correlations have not increased in the 1990s, precisely when financial integration would have been expected to result in better risk-sharing opportunities, especially for developing countries.
Do depression and low self-esteem follow abortion among adolescents? Evidence from a national study.

CONTEXT A 2008 report by the American Psychological Association found no evidence that an induced abortion causes mental health problems in adult women. No conclusions were drawn with respect to adolescents because of a scarcity of evidence. METHODS Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to examine whether abortion in adolescence was associated with subsequent depression and low self-esteem. In all, 289 female respondents reported at least one pregnancy between Wave 1 (1994-1995) and Wave 2 (1996) of the survey. Of these, 69 reported an induced abortion. Population-averaged lagged logistic regression models were used to assess associations between abortion and depression and low self-esteem within a year of the pregnancy and approximately five years later, at Wave 3 (2001-2002). RESULTS Abortion was not associated with depression or low self-esteem at either time point. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics did not substantially modify the relationships between abortion and the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who have an abortion do not appear to be at elevated risk for depression or low self-esteem in the short term or up to five years after the abortion.
Asynchronous Byzantine Systems: From Multivalued to Binary Consensus with t < n/3, O(n 2 ) Messages, O(1) Time, and no Signature

This paper presents a new algorithm that reduces multivalued consensus to binary consensus in an asynchronous message-passing system made up of n processes where up to t may commit Byzantine failures. This algorithm has the following noteworthy properties: it assumes t < n/3 (and is consequently optimal from a resilience point of view), uses O(n 2) messages, has a constant time complexity, and does not use signatures. The design of this reduction algorithm relies on two new all-to-all communication abstractions. The first one allows the non-faulty processes to reduce the number of proposed values to c, where c is a small constant. The second communication abstraction allows each non-faulty process to compute a set of (proposed) values such that, if the set of a non-faulty process contains a single value, then this value belongs to the set of any non-faulty process. Both communication abstractions have an O(n 2) message complexity and a constant time complexity. The reduction of multivalued Byzantine consensus to binary Byzantine consensus is then a simple sequential use of these communication abstractions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first asynchronous message-passing algorithm that reduces multivalued consensus to binary consensus with O(n 2) messages and constant time complexity (measured with the longest causal chain of messages) in the presence of up to t < n/3 Byzantine processes, and without using cryptography techniques. Moreover, this reduction algorithm tolerates message re-ordering by Byzantine processes. Une reduction du consensus multivalue au consensus binaire en presence d'asynchronisme, de t < n/3 processus byzantins, avec un temps constant, O(n 2) messages, et pas de signatures Resume : Cet article presente un algorithme reparti qui, dans un systeme asynchrone de n processus qui communiquent par passage de messages, et qui comprend jusqu'a t processus byzantins, ramene le probleme du consensus multivalue au probleme du consensus binaire. Cette reduction est optimale par rapport a t (t < n/3), requiert un temps constant et O(n 2) messages, et n'utilise aucun element cryptographique (i.e., pas de signatures). Elle considere donc un adversaire donc la la puissance de calcul peut etre illimitee.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in (Un)aided Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Adults

Abstract Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are influenced by the characteristics of the stimulus, including level and hearing aid gain. Previous studies have measured CAEPs aided and unaided in individuals with normal hearing. There is a significant difference between providing amplification to a person with normal hearing and a person with hearing loss. This study investigated this difference and the effects of stimulus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and audibility on the CAEP amplitude in a population with hearing loss. Twelve normal-hearing participants and 12 participants with a hearing loss participated in this study. Three speech sounds—/m/, /g/, and /t/—were presented in the free field. Unaided stimuli were presented at 55, 65, and 75 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and aided stimuli at 55 dB SPL with three different gains in steps of 10 dB. CAEPs were recorded and their amplitudes analyzed. Stimulus SNRs and audibility were determined. No significant effect of stimulus level or hearing aid gain was found in normal hearers. Conversely, a significant effect was found in hearing-impaired individuals. Audibility of the signal, which in some cases is determined by the signal level relative to threshold and in other cases by the SNR, is the dominant factor explaining changes in CAEP amplitude. CAEPs can potentially be used to assess the effects of hearing aid gain in hearing-impaired users.
Investigation on the Dealloying Process of Mn75-xNi25Alx (x=0, 5, 10, 15, 20 at. %) Alloy Ribbons

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of alloy composition and different dealloying condition on the microstructure of the nanoporous Ni. In this paper, Mn75-xNi25Alx (x=0, 5, 10, 15, 20 at. %) alloy ribbons were prepared by single roller rotary quenching system and then further investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Corrosion resistance was evaluated by means of Tafel polarization. The nanoporous nickel was synthesized by selective dissolution of Mn and Al, which is known as dealloying. The corrosion parameters of dealloying process have been studied in detail. The alloy ribbon developed into amorphous when the Al content reached 15 at. %. According to the Icorr, the corrosion resistance of Mn-Ni-Al alloy ribbons increases with the addition of Al. The addition of Al element, especially when Al content is over 15 at. %, will hinder the dealloying process resulting in the destruction of the nanoporous structure. The dealloying time is also critical to the microstructure of nanoporous nickel obtained. It was found in this work that, during dealloying process, 90 min is insufficient for complete selective dissolution of the active component (Mn and Al). However, the overextended dealloying time of 1440 min time will cause the coarsening destruction of inner porous due to the diffusion of noble element (Ni).
Swedish youth labour market policies revisited

The paper studies the relative effectiveness of various Swedish labour market policies for young workers. Using age discontinuities which define the policy regime each individual is covered by, we present quasi-experimental evidence on the relative efficiency of different policy regimes currently in use. Results suggest that youth policies are more effective than the policies covering other unemployed. The effects mainly appear early in the unemployment spell; we find no evidence of positive long run effects. To uncover which part of the policies that accounts for the positive effect, we use matching techniques to study the relative effectiveness of youth programmes and general adult programmes which are available also for the young. The results indicate that youth programmes are significantly less effective than programmes for adults. Overall, the evidence suggest that youth policies speed up the transition from unemployment to jobs either due to pre-programme deterrence effects or because of more intense job search support from the public employment services before the programmes. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Effektivitat der Arbeitsmarktpolitik fur junge Erwachsene in Schweden. Durch Nutzung von Altersunterschieden beim Eintritt in die verschiedenen Programme lasst sich die relative Wirksamkeit der Masnahmen als quasinaturliches Experiment bestimmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Masnahmen fur junge Erwachsene effektiver sind als Masnahmen fur andere Arbeitslose. Dieser Effekt tritt vor allem bei kurzer Arbeitslosigkeit ein. Um die Wirksamkeit der einzelnen Masnahmen zu testen, verwenden wir Matching-Verfahren. Dabei werden auch die allgemeinen Arbeitsmarktprogramme einbezogen, die ebenfalls von jungen Erwachsenen wahrgenommen werden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Programme selbst fur junge Erwachsene weniger effektiv sind als die fur andere Erwachsene. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass Programme fur junge Erwachsene den Ubergang aus der Arbeitslosigkeit in die Beschaftigung beschleunigen, entweder weil sie die Teilnehmer abschrecken oder weil die Jobsuche im Vorfeld der Programme besser gefordert wird.
Blood biomarkers in ischemic stroke: potential role and challenges in clinical practice and research

Abstract Fast and accurate diagnosis of stroke is crucial for the immediate application of the right therapy to patients. However, rapid diagnosis is still a challenge since an ischemic stroke cannot be identified based only on clinical assessment. CT or MRI imaging is required to rule out hemorrhagic stroke since thrombolytic therapy can lead to increased intracranial bleeding and further aggravation of hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, clinical situations that imitate the signs and symptoms of stroke may also impede the rapid diagnosis and treatment of stroke victims. It is therefore of value to discover non-invasive tests that aim to quickly distinguish stroke from stroke mimics and distinguish ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke. Identifying blood biomarkers of stroke is an active area of research since their potential use is not limited to diagnosis and differentiation, but can be applied to prognosis and patient monitoring – monitoring the effectiveness of applied therapy and/or diagnose possible complications. However, their use has been limited so far not only for reasons related to patients and the disease (heterogeneity of stroke etiology, the complexity of the ischemic cascade, the impact of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) on diffusion of blood biomarkers, and difficulties in obtaining consent from stroke patients) but also for reasons that related to laboratory measurement of these biomarkers (pre-analytical and analytical issues as well as interpretation of laboratory measurements). Until today, many biomarkers have been identified, however none so far have shown sufficient sensitivity and specificity in order to be used in the clinical setting. In this review, we will focus on ischemic stroke and we aim to highlight these problems and also investigate if these are due to stroke complexity or due to our limited knowledge of pre-analytical requirements for many of these molecules and the questionable quality of the assays used.
Optimal Scheduling for Interference Mitigation by Range Information

The multiple access scheduling decides how the channel is shared among the nodes in the network. Typically scheduling algorithms aims at increasing the channel utilization and thereby throughput of the network. This paper describes several algorithms for generating an optimal schedule in terms of channel utilization for multiple access by utilizing range information in a fully connected network. We also provide detailed analysis for the proposed algorithms performance in terms of their complexity, convergence, and effect of non-idealities in the network. The performance of the proposed schemes are compared with non-aided methods to quantify the benefits of using the range information in the communication. The proposed methods have several favorable properties for the scalable systems. We show that the proposed techniques yields better channel utilization and throughput as the number of nodes in the network increases. We provide simulation results in support of this claim. The proposed methods indicate that the throughput can be increased on average by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {3\text{-}10}$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="yajnanarayana-ieq1-2688417.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> times for typical network configurations.
Rapid Newcastle Disease Virus Detection Based on Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Optomagnetic Readout

Rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods based on isothermal amplification are ideal substitutes for PCR in out-of-lab settings. However, there are bottlenecks in terms of establishing low-cost and user-friendly readout methods for isothermal amplification schemes. Combining the high amplification efficiency of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with an optomagnetic nanoparticle-based readout system, we demonstrate ultrasensitive and rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA. Biotinylated amplicons of LAMP and reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) bind to streptavidin-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) resulting in a dramatical increase in the hydrodynamic size of the MNPs. This increase was measured by an optomagnetic readout system and provided quantitative information on the amount of LAMP target sequence. Our assay resulted in a limit of detection of 10 aM of target sequence with a total assay time of 30 min. The assay has also been tested on clinical samples (vaccine and tissue specime.
Evaluation of IEEE 802.11ad for mmWave V2V communications

Autonomous vehicles can construct a more accurate perception of their surrounding environment by exchanging rich sensor data with nearby vehicles. Such exchange can require larger bandwidths than currently provided by ITS-G5/DSRC and Cellular V2X. Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications can provide higher bandwidth and could complement current V2X standards. Recent studies have started investigating the potential of IEEE 802.11ad to support high bandwidth vehicular communications. This paper introduces the first performance evaluation of the IEEE 802.11ad MAC (Medium Access Control) and beamforming mechanism for mmWave V2V communications. The study highlights existing opportunities and shortcomings that should guide the development of mmWave communications for V2V communications.
Chapter 1 . 2 Resources for Systems Genetics

A key characteristic of systems genetics is its reliance on populations that vary to a greater or lesser degree in genetic complexity—from highly admixed populations such as the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outcross to relatively simple crosses such as sets of consomic strains and reduced complexity crosses. This protocol is intended to help investigators make more informed decisions about choices of resources given different types of questions. We consider factors such as costs, availability, and ease of breeding for common scenarios. In general, we recommend using complementary resources and minimizing depth of resampling of any given genome or strain.