Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A ne-grained cell type deconvolution of bulk transcriptome from single-cell RNA-seq data reveals myeloid cells heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinomas

Background: Tumor infiltrating myeloid cells (TIM) constitute a vital element of the tumor microenvironment. The cell - type heterogeneity of TIM has yet to be fully investigated. Methods: We used a time saving approach to generate a single - cell reference matrix, allowing quantification of cell - type proportions and cell - type - specific gene abundances in bulk RNA - seq data. Results: Two distinct clusters, MSC1 and MSC2 (MSC subtype) were newly identified in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, both significantly associated with overall survival and immune blockade therapy responses. Twenty myeloid cell types were detected. Thirteen of these had distinct enrichment patterns between MSC1 and MSC2. LAMP3+ dendritic cells, being a mature and transportable subtype of dendritic cell which may migrate to lymph nodes, were noted as associated with non - responsiveness to immunotargeted therapy. High infiltration level of IFIT3+ neutrophils was strongly related to the response to immune targeted therapy and was seen to activate CD8+ T cells, partly through inflammasome activation. The infiltration levels of TIMP1+ macrophages and S100A8+ neutrophils were both significantly associated with poor prognosis. TIMP1+ macrophages were noted to recruit S100A8+ neutrophils via the CXCL5 - CXCR2 axes and promote LUAD progression. Conclusion: Altogether, we performed virtual micro - dissection of the bulk transcriptome at single - cell resolution and provided a promising TIM infiltration landscape that may shed new light on the development of immune therapy.
AI Fairness in Data Management and Analytics: A Review on Challenges, Methodologies and Applications

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the fairness issues in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, delving into its background, definition, and development process. The article explores the fairness problem in AI through practical applications and current advances and focuses on bias analysis and fairness training as key research directions. The paper explains in detail the concept, implementation, characteristics, and use cases of each method. The paper explores strategies to reduce bias and improve fairness in AI systems, reviews challenges and solutions to real-world AI fairness applications, and proposes future research directions. In addition, this study provides an in-depth comparative analysis of the various approaches, utilizing cutting-edge research information to elucidate their different characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. The results of the comparison provide guidance for future research. The paper concludes with an overview of existing challenges in practical applications and suggests priorities and solutions for future research. The conclusions provide insights for promoting fairness in AI systems. The information reviewed in this paper is drawn from reputable sources, including leading academic journals, prominent conference proceedings, and well-established online repositories dedicated to AI fairness. However, it is important to recognize that research nuances, sample sizes, and contextual factors may create limitations that affect the generalizability of the findings.
Title : All you need to know about sperm RNAs Running title : RNA in human sperm

Background: Spermatogenesis generates a small and highly specialized type of cell that is apparently incapable of transcription and translation. For many years, this dogma was supported by the assumption that (i) the compact sperm nucleus, resulting from the substitution of histones by protamine during spermatogenesis, renders the genome inaccessible to the transcriptional machinery; and (ii) the loss of most organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, limits or prevents translational activity. Despite these observations, several types of coding and non-coding RNAs have been identified in human sperm. Their functional roles, particularly during fertilization and embryonic development, are only now becoming apparent. Objective and rationale: This review aimed to summarize current knowledge of the origin, types, and functional roles of sperm RNAs, and to evaluate the clinical benefits of employing these transcripts as biomarkers of male fertility and reproductive outcomes. The possible contribution of sperm RNAs to both intergenerational and transgenerational phenotypic inheritance is also addressed. Search methods: A comprehensive literature search on PubMed was conducted using the search terms ‘sperm’ AND ‘RNA’. Searches focussed upon articles written in English and published prior to August 2020. Outcomes: The development of more sensitive and accurate RNA technologies, including RNAseq, has enabled the identification and characterization of numerous transcripts in human sperm. Though a majority of these RNAs likely arise during spermatogenesis, other data support an epididymal origin of RNA transmitted to maturing sperm by extracellular vesicles. A minority may also be synthesized by de novo transcription in mature sperm, since a small portion of the sperm genome remains packed by histones. This complex RNA population has important roles in paternal chromatin packaging, sperm maturation and capacitation, fertilization, early embryogenesis, and developmental maintenance. In recent years, additional lines of evidence from animal models support a role for sperm RNAs in intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance, modulating both the genotype and phenotype of progeny. Importantly, several reports
Multiple cryosauna sessions for post-exercise recovery of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS): a randomized control trial

The main goal was to investigate the effectiveness of cryosauna in preventing the development of delayed onset muscle soreness and to analyze the regenerative changes within muscles after acute fatigue-induced exercises. Thirty-one volunteers were assigned into two groups: 1) an intervention group that participated in cryostimulation after fatigue-induced exercise protocol (CRYO, n = 16) and a control group that performed fatigue-induced exercise protocol, but without any intervention (CONT, n = 15). Main outcome measures include at baseline: blood sample testing (leukocyte content, myoglobin concentration, and creatine kinase activity) and muscle stiffness of lower extremity; immediately after (stiffness), and 24-48-72-96 h post-exercise (blood samples and stiffness). Both groups performed an exercise-induced muscle damage protocol based on repeated countermovement jumps (10 sets, 10 repetitions). The CRYO group underwent a cryosauna (temperature: −110°C, time: 1.5 min per session) intervention during four sessions (i.e., immediately after, 24-48-72 h post-exercise). Leukocyte content was significantly greater 24-48-72 h after exercise in CONT, compared with the CRYO group (p ≤ 0.05 for all), while creatine kinase activity was greater 24-48-96 h in CONT, compared with the CRYO group (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Muscle stiffness increased significantly in rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and fibula muscle after 48 h post-exercise (p ≤ 0.05 for all), as well as in tibialis anterior and fibula after 72 h post-exercise (p ≤ 0.05 for all) in the CRYO group. Multiple cryosauna was an effective recovery strategy that reduced blood biomarkers and muscle stiffness after exercise-induced muscle damage. Moreover, the development of delayed onset muscle soreness, expressed by a greater muscle stiffness post-exercise, was attenuated to the first 48 h.
Navigating Global Leadership Strategies for E-Enabling Technology Deployment

Objective: The objective of this research was to explore and understand the experiences of global corporate leaders in adopting e-enabling innovations and the associated leadership challenges. The research aimed to identify the leadership skills, knowledge, and practices that facilitate the transition from traditional operational models to leaner e-enabled approaches. Method: This qualitative phenomenological research engaged 20 global corporate leaders in an in-depth examination of their leadership experiences. The research focused on how these leaders employed their skills and knowledge to drive the transformation of their corporates into more efficient and interconnected entities through e-enabling technologies. Results: Four distinct themes emerged from the analysis of the corporate leaders’ experiences. The findings highlighted the significant influence of transformational leadership attributes combined with the e-leadership approach on the successful implementation of information technology initiatives. The leaders’ insights emphasized the transformative effects of their leadership on both corporate strategies and technological decisions. Additionally, the study revealed the identification of best practices and procedures that contribute to effective e-enabling technology adoption. Conclusion: Embracing e-enabling best practices and employing transformational leadership approaches have a positive impact on the quality of information technology implementations in corporate settings. The research underlines how leaders’ experiences can help them recognize the broader implications of their leadership styles on technology-driven decisions. Consequently, this recognition supports the development of effective strategies for successful e-enabling technology integration. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity of aligning mentoring, training, and education strategies with corporate goals to enable the adoption of new e-leadership approaches. As organizations continue to navigate complex technological landscapes, the cultivation of 21st-century e-leadership skills become essential for effectively managing changes in team capabilities, processes, and knowledge management.
A Novel Adaptive Fuzzy Control Scheme for a Class of Nonlinear Planar Systems Under State Constraints

The adaptive fuzzy control method has been widely used in the control of nonlinear systems. The system state is required to stay in a compact set for the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic system approximation. Therefore, many control schemes integrating adaptive fuzzy control and full-state constraint control techniques have been proposed for nonlinear systems. In this brief, a novel adaptive fuzzy controller is developed for a class of nonlinear planar systems. The system state is required to satisfy the specific constraints which are first proposed in this brief. It is strictly proved that the control scheme can make the system state asymptotically converge to the origin (not merely the neighborhood of the origin) and guarantee that the specified state constraints are not violated. In addition, the restriction on the rated constraint boundaries of different state components is explicitly given, which guarantees that the feasibility condition is naturally satisfied. Finally, the developed control scheme is applied to a specified PMSM system to show its effectiveness.
Description and analysis of Institutions for Communal Forest Management in Monte Verde, Bolivia.

This study contributes to the Common Pool Resources debate by describing and analysinginstitutions that currently structure governance of community-based forest management inSanta Monica and Palestina, within the Monte Verde region, Bolivia. It explores theinterplay between innovative communal and central-authority institutional features, theway they work and how they enable forest conservation. The method is narratology andanalysis of institutions and documents produced by this governance system through thelens of Elinor Ostrom’s institutional framework for the ‘alternative solution’ to thecommons problem. The results reveal that local communal rules and central-authorityrules are complementary rather than competitive. The local communities and the centralauthorityshare power to devise and enforce institutions for communal forestmanagement, which enable the local communities to exclude external actors, known as‘timber pirates’, who illegally harvest timber in this region. The central-authorityestablishes guidelines that are sensitive to local cultural contexts. Local governancedevelops rules conforming to these guidelines. The main reasons behind successful forestconservation in Monte Verde lie on the fact that a healthy forest is in the interest of localcommunities due to its contribution to economic development. Ecosystem services suchas traditional forest produce, profits from timber sales and related employment are vitalcontributors to the local economy. Governmental institutions and internationalconservation principles support this local interest and, therefore, this collaborative relationis successful. This case study also explores an innovative approach for dealing with theproblem of free-riding. Collective appropriation of timber products by local communitiesprevents internal individual appropriation race and enables them to make a more effectivemonitoring over unauthorised forest users.
The Djief Hunters: 26,000 Years of Rainforest Exploitation on the Birds Head of Papua, Indonesia

1. Introduction 2. The Research Area, Fieldwork Design and Methods of Stratigraphic Analysis 3. Occupation History of Kria Cave 4. Occupation History of Toe Cave 5. Stone Artefacts 6. Bone Artefacts 7. Prehistoric Exploitation of Food Resources 8. Prehistoric Exploitaion of the Brown Dorcopsis 9. Vertebrae Faunal Succession and Environmental Change in Lowland 10. Discussion and Conclusion Summary Abstrak References Appendices
Anonymization of Stuttered Speech -- Removing Speaker Information while Preserving the Utterance

Concealing the identity through speaker anonymization is essential in various situations. This study focuses on investigating how stuttering affects the anonymization process. Two scenarios are considered: preserving the pathology in the diagnostic/remote treatment context and obfuscating the pathology. The paper examines the effectiveness of three state-of-the-art approaches in achieving high anonymization, as well as the preservation of dysfluencies. The findings indicate that while a speaker conversion method may not achieve perfect anonymization (Baseline 27.25% EER and F0 Delta 32.63% EER), it does preserve the pathology. This effect was objectively evaluated by performing a stuttering classification. Although this solu-tion may be useful in a remote treatment scenario for speech pathologies, it presents a vulnerability in anonymization. To address this issue, we propose an alternative approach that uses automatic speech recognition and text-based speech synthesis to avoid re-identification (48.27% EER).
A Two-Step Nonlinear Chirp Scaling Method for Multichannel GEO Spaceborne–Airborne Bistatic SAR Spectrum Reconstructing and Focusing

Due to the high-altitude illumination and the separation of the receiver and transmitter, geosynchronous (GEO) spaceborne–airborne bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) is more flexible and accessible in remote sensing applications. In this paper, the Doppler characteristics of GEO BiSAR with a squint receiver are analyzed. It is found that the Doppler spectrum is generally aliased in GEO BiSAR regarding the low pulse repetition frequency (PRF) adopted by the GEO SAR. In order to suppress the ambiguity without adjusting the PRF of GEO SAR, the azimuth multichannel receiving technique is applied to the receiver and then the multichannel transfer function for GEO BiSAR is derived. However, the whole bandwidth of the imaging scene is much larger than that of the center point, which requires extra receiving channels to suppress the ambiguity and thereby increasing the system complexity. A two-step nonlinear chirp scaling (NLCS) method is proposed to obtain the well-focused image with reduced receiving channels. First, a preprocessing step is conducted to achieve space-variant range cell migration correction. After that, the first-step NLCS processing is applied to equalize the 2-D space-variant Doppler centroid and thereby the Doppler bandwidth is decreased, i.e., the required number of receiving channels for reconstruction is reduced. Then, the unambiguous spectrum is reconstructed based on the proposed multichannel transfer function. Finally, the second-step NLCS processing is carried out to equalize the 2-D space-variant high-order Doppler parameters and obtain the well-focused image. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. With the proposed two-step NLCS method, the well-focused image for GEO BiSAR is obtained and the required number of receiving channels can be decreased, which is beneficial to reducing the system complexity and hardware cost.
How Tycho Brahe’s recordings in 1572 support SN 1572 as a type I(a) supernova

The 450th anniversary of the discovery of the SN 1572 supernova event was celebrated in 2022. A closer look at the historical development of the field of supernova astronomy reveals the scientific importance of Tycho Brahe’s 1572 observations of this “new star. ” In their quest to learn more about the new type of stellar explosion and subsequent evolution, the initial protagonists in this field (Baader and Zwicky among others) gradually turned their attention to the final remnant state of these supernova events. Since the remnant object thought to be associated with the extragalactic supernova event was found to be very dim, the focus quickly shifted toward nearby galactic events. It is at this point where Tycho Brahe’s observations played an important and often overlooked role in the context of the development of stellar evolution as a scientific field. Tycho Brahe’s meticulous and detailed recordings of the change in brightness of the new star not only allowed modern astronomers to classify SN 1572 as a supernova event but also helped them pinpoint the exact astrometric location of SN 1572. These findings helped to empirically link extragalactic supernova events to nearby past supernova remnants in the Milky Way. This enabled subsequent observations allowing further characterization. Transforming the historical recordings to a standardized photometric system also allowed the classification of SN 1572 as a type I supernova event.
Demystifying Usability of Open-Source Computational Offloading Simulators: Performance Evaluation Campaign

Along with analysis and practical implementation, simulations play a key role in wireless networks and computational offloading research for several reasons. First, the simulations provide the ability to easily obtain the data for a complex system’s model evaluation. Second, simulated data provide a controlled environment for experimentation, allowing models and algorithms to be tested for robustness and identifying potential limitations before deploying them in real-world applications. Choosing the most appropriate tool for simulation might be challenging and depends on several factors, such as the main purpose, complexity of data, researcher skills, community support, and available budget. As of the time of the present analysis, several system-level open-source tools for modeling computational offloading also cover the systems’ communications side, such as CloudSim, CloudSim Plus, IoTSim-Edge, EdgeCloudSim, iFogSim2, PureEdgeSim, and YAFS. This work presents an evaluation of those based on the unique features and performance results of intensive workload- and delay-tolerant scenarios: XR with an extremely high data rate and workload; remote monitoring with a low data rate with moderate delays and workload requirements; and data streaming as a general human traffic with a relatively high bit rate but moderate workload. The work concludes that CloudSim provides a reliable environment for virtualization on the host resources, while YAFS shows minimal hardware usage, while IoTSim-Edge, PureEdgeSim, and EdgeCloudSim have fewer implemented features.
University of Birmingham Prince

This paper introduces the Prince incentive system for measuring preferences. Prince combines the tractability of direct matching, allowing for the precise and direct elicitation of indifference values, with the clarity and validity of choice lists. It makes incentive compatibility completely transparent to subjects, avoiding the opaqueness of the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism. It can be used for adaptive experiments while avoiding any possibility of strategic behavior by subjects. To illustrate Prince ’ s wide applicability, we investigate preference reversals, the discrepancy between will-ingness to pay and willingness to accept, and the major components of decision making under uncertainty: utilities, subjective beliefs, and ambiguity attitudes. Prince allows for measuring utility under risk and ambiguity in a tractable and incentive-compatible manner even if expected utility is violated. Our empirical findings support modern behavioral views, e.g., confirming the endowment effect and showing that utility is closer to linear than classically thought. In a comparative study, Prince gives better results than a classical implementation of the random incentive system.
Tackling Jim Crow: Racial Segregation in Professional Football

Many are familiar with Jackie Robinson and the integration of Major League Baseball after all the years of separate black and white leagues, but fewer people know of the segregation and then integration of the National Football League. The timing and sequence of events were different, but football followed a pattern similar to that of baseball in regard to the beginning and end of racial segregation. This work traces professional football's movement from segregation to integration, beginning with a discussion of the various reasons why the game was segregated to begin with. The schemes that NFL owners came up with to ban African Americans from the league in the 1930s and 1940s, and how these barriers broke down after World War II, are described and the author considers how professional football overcame the legacies of Jim Crow and how Jim Crow laws may still haunt the game.
Single-Length and On-Wafer Probe-Based Broadband and Rapid Characterization of Substrate Dielectric Constant for Aerospace Applications

The space environment can exert an influence on the dielectric properties of dielectric substrates, and potential alterations in substrate dielectric constant could significantly impact the performance and reliability of spaceborne devices and systems, which might lead to mission failure. This work presents a technique for rapid and broadband characterization of substrate dielectric constant by performing only a single measurement of a single transmission line based on the ground–signal–ground (GSG) on-wafer probe for aerospace applications. Another extraction technique by the use of welding microwave connector is also discussed for comparison. Unlike previously reported techniques that require two or more transmission lines and welding connectors, our method owns the merits of avoiding connector repeatability and additional parasitic elements, easy and fast to implement without prior knowledge of substrate dielectric constant, low analysis complexity, less fabrication efforts, and being applicable to most dielectric substrates. This study offers valuable insights for airborne and spaceborne platforms with limited space, simultaneously mitigating costs and complexity, rendering it an appealing proposition for aerospace applications.