Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DICTATE: DIstributed CerTification Authority with probabilisTic frEshness for ad hoc networks

Securing ad hoc networks is notoriously challenging, notably due to the lack of an online infrastructure. In particular, key management is a problem that has been addressed by many researchers but with limited results. In this paper, we consider the case where an ad hoc network is under the responsibility of a mother certification authority (mCA). Since the nodes can frequently be collectively isolated from the mCA (e.g., for a remote mission) but still need the access to a certification authority, the mCA preassigns a special role to several nodes (called servers) that constitute a distributed certification authority (dCA) during the isolated period. We propose a solution, called DICTATE (DIstributed CerTification Authority with probabilisTic frEshness), to manage the dCA. This solution ensures that the dCA always processes a certificate update (or query) request in a finite amount of time and that an adversary cannot forge a certificate. Moreover, it guarantees that the dCA responds to a query request with the most recent version of the queried certificate in a certain probability; this probability can be made arbitrarily close to 1, but at the expense of higher overhead. Our contribution is twofold: 1) a set of certificate management protocols that allow trading protocol overhead for certificate freshness or the other way around, and 2) a combination of threshold and identity-based cryptosystems to guarantee the security, availability, and scalability of the certification function. We describe DICTATE in detail and, by security analysis and simulations, we show that it is robust against various attacks.
Endothelial cell–mediated uptake of a hepatitis B virus: A new concept of liver targeting of hepatotropic microorganisms

The liver is a target for many infectious agents, most notably hepatitis viruses. However, several receptor molecules identified so far for hepatitis viruses were found to be ubiquitously expressed and can thus not account for efficient liver targeting. Using a model hepatitis B virus, the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), we have obtained data indicating that scavenging liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), rather than hepatocytes themselves, play the key role in the initial uptake of viral pathogens into the liver. Experiments with fluorescent viral particles and coated gold particles in test animals, as well as in primary liver cell culture, demonstrated a preferential uptake of the viral substrates into LSEC. Intracellularly, fluorescent virus particles internalized by LSEC colocalized with the DHBV receptor, carboxypeptidase D, suggesting receptor‐mediated rescue from lysosomal degradation. To comply with the high efficiency by which hepatitis B viruses infect hepatocytes in vivo, we propose that viruses initially scavenged by LSEC are thereafter released to infect adjacent hepatocytes, the only cells capable of replicating these viruses. Such a model of primary uptake into LSEC may illustrate a general mechanism by which blood‐borne hepatotropic agents are targeted to the hepatocytes in the liver.
TigrScan and GlimmerHMM: two open source ab initio eukaryotic gene-finders

UNLABELLED We describe two new Generalized Hidden Markov Model implementations for ab initio eukaryotic gene prediction. The C/C++ source code for both is available as open source and is highly reusable due to their modular and extensible architectures. Unlike most of the currently available gene-finders, the programs are re-trainable by the end user. They are also re-configurable and include several types of probabilistic submodels which can be independently combined, such as Maximal Dependence Decomposition trees and interpolated Markov models. Both programs have been used at TIGR for the annotation of the Aspergillus fumigatus and Toxoplasma gondii genomes. AVAILABILITY Source code and documentation are available under the open source Artistic License from http://www.tigr. org/software/pirate
POSTER: Preserving privacy and accountability for personal devices

Using personal mobile devices for work gave rise to a trend called "bring your own device", or BYOD. BYOD brings a productivity boost for employees, but also headaches for employers: on the one hand, the business has a legitimate interest in monitoring the device, in order to prevent security breaches by employees; but on the other hand, employees have a reasonable expectation of privacy when they use their devices for private functions. This poster presents our project called Privacy-Preserving Accountability for peRsonal Devices (PriPARD, pronounced "prepared"). PriPARD addresses the tension described above by designing and evaluating concrete privacy mechanisms for mobile devices used in a corporate environment. Instead of imposing a "privacy firewall" between users and the Internet, in PriPARD the aim is protecting user privacy within the corporate network and non-disclosure outside this network. PriPARD's vision is to gather practical experience with the tradeoffs between monitoring and privacy needs, to help both mobile device users and managers of corporate networks.
Rapid 2D-3D Conversion for Low-Cost 3D Television

This work develops a real-time 2D-to-3D converter that exploits motion parallax naturally available in a normal 2D moving image sequence to produce a 3D side-by-side motion picture suitable for viewing on low-cost 3D Television displays at conversion processing rates that can reach high speeds of up to 100 frames per second. The novel paradigm presented in this paper enhances 3D perceptibility by ensuring continuous synchronization between the left and the right image views even if motion in the 2D video abruptly freezes or transitions rapidly, with a minor single frame initial 2D broadcast, equivalent to an initial 2D delay of 1/30 of a second for a 30 frames per second video stream, before full 3D takes effect, and neither depends on computationally expensive depth map extraction nor does it require any special hardware setup such as multicore processors or special purpose graphics processing units.
International Conference on Information Systems ( ICIS ) 2009 Optimism in Music Piracy : A Pilot Study

Piracy continues to be a threat to global economy. Previous literature on factors influencing individual’s attitude towards piracy indicates that as perceived risk increases, individuals attitude of acceptance of piracy should decrease. In spite of the increased risks, some people pirate, there has been no explanation for this apparent paradox. We try to explain this paradox by using the concept of optimism bias. Results of our study show that individuals having an optimism bias engage in piracy because they consider themselves at low risk than average compared to the group.
The Nature of Outsourcing Relationships: Evidence from OAP Prices

This paper studies the extent and variation in production cost pass‐through for U.S. outsourcing imports. Data from 4,676 products imported through the U.S. overseas assembly program show that outsourcing imports were characterized by incomplete pass‐through of production and trade costs to import prices. Notably, pass‐through was higher for products assembled in high education countries while the response of outsourcing import prices to competing suppliers' prices was largest for products sold by firms in capital‐intense industries. The reasons for these cross‐country and cross‐industry differences, as they relate to theories of outsourcing and trade, are explored.
Outage probability of coded cooperation for slow fading channel

This letter presents the outage probability of the Reed Solomon (RS) coded cooperation scheme. In this scheme, the codeword of the Users are partitioned into two frames and transmitted through two independent fading channels. The first frame is transmitted directly to the base station. The second frame is transmitted via a partner to the base station. The derived outage expressions confirm that full diversity is achieved by the RS coded cooperation scheme. The analytical outage probability comparisons under various inter-user and uplink channel conditions shed light on the relative virtues of the RS coded cooperation scheme as compared to the RCPC coded cooperation scheme with around 1.5 to 2.5dB gains.
Algorithms for Fractal Image Compression on Massively Parallel SIMD Arrays

In this work we introduce and analyse algorithms for fractal image compression on massively parallel SIMD arrays. The different algorithms discussed differ significantly in terms of their communication and computation structure. Therefore, the most suited algorithm for a given architecture may be selected according to our investigations. Experimental results compare the performance of the algorithms on the 2-D mesh array of the MasPar MP-2.
Toward a statistically explicit understanding of de novo sequence assembly

MOTIVATION Draft de novo genome assemblies are now available for many organisms. These assemblies are point estimates of the true genome sequences. Each is a specific hypothesis, drawn from among many alternative hypotheses, of the sequence of a genome. Assembly uncertainty, the inability to distinguish between multiple alternative assembly hypotheses, can be due to real variation between copies of the genome in the sample, errors and ambiguities in the sequenced data and assumptions and heuristics of the assemblers. Most assemblers select a single assembly according to ad hoc criteria, and do not yet report and quantify the uncertainty of their outputs. Those assemblers that do report uncertainty take different approaches to describing multiple assembly hypotheses and the support for each. RESULTS Here we review and examine the problem of representing and measuring uncertainty in assemblies. A promising recent development is the implementation of assemblers that are built according to explicit statistical models. Some new assembly methods, for example, estimate and maximize assembly likelihood. These advances, combined with technical advances in the representation of alternative assembly hypotheses, will lead to a more complete and biologically relevant understanding of assembly uncertainty. This will in turn facilitate the interpretation of downstream analyses and tests of specific biological hypotheses.
Flying back to the nest

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Natural Killer T Cell-Targeted Immunotherapy Mediating Long-term Memory Responses and Strong Antitumor Activity

Current tumor therapies, including immunotherapies, focus on passive eradication or at least reduction of the tumor mass. However, cancer patients quite often suffer from tumor relapse or metastasis after such treatments. To overcome these problems, we have developed a natural killer T (NKT) cell-targeted immunotherapy focusing on active engagement of the patient’s immune system, but not directly targeting the tumor cells themselves. NKT cells express an invariant antigen receptor α chain encoded by Trav11 (Vα14)-Traj18 (Jα18) gene segments in mice and TRAV10 (Vα24)-TRAJ18 (Jα18) in humans and recognize glycolipid ligand in conjunction with a monomorphic CD1d molecule. The NKT cells play a pivotal role in the orchestration of antitumor immune responses by mediating adjuvant effects that activate various antitumor effector cells of both innate and adaptive immune systems and also aid in establishing a long-term memory response. Here, we established NKT cell-targeted therapy using a newly discovered NKT cell glycolipid ligand, RK, which has a stronger capacity to stimulate both human and mouse NKT cells compared to previous NKT cell ligand. Moreover, RK mediates strong adjuvant effects in activating various effector cell types and establishes long-term memory responses, resulting in the continuous attack on the tumor that confers long-lasting and potent antitumor effects. Since the NKT cell ligand presented by the monomorphic CD1d can be used for all humans irrespective of HLA types, and also because NKT cell-targeted therapy does not directly target tumor cells, this therapy can potentially be applied to all cancer patients and any tumor types.
Challenges of using Personal Data to Drive Personalised Electronic Programme Guides

Media researchers are adopting personalisation in diverse ways to deliver increasingly context-sensitive and customised media experiences. This paper explores user attitudes towards a personalised Electronic Programme Guide which tailors media recommendations based on users' personal data. We used scenario based exploration enabled by the use of probes to convey the functionalities of data-driven personalised EPGs and to facilitate user discussions around its potential use. Users preferred personalised EPGs over current popular EPGs but expressed a significant lack of trust in the personal data collection that drives personalisation. Users appreciated the functionalities afforded by personalisation of media but were apprehensive about the implications of the personal data being collected about them, particularly in the context of their homes. This calls for the need to design future personalised media experiences that help enhance trust in these socio-technical settings.
Quantifying Preferences of Farmers and Veterinarians for National Animal Health Programs: The Example of Bovine Mastitis and Antimicrobial Usage in Switzerland

Bovine udder health in Switzerland is of a relatively high level. However, antimicrobial usage (AMU) seems high in comparison to other European countries also. A new udder health and AMU improvement program could improve this situation but it is uncertain whether there is support from the field. This study aimed to quantify preferences of dairy farmers and veterinarians for the start and design characteristics of a new national udder health and AMU improvement program in Switzerland. A total of 478 dairy farmers and 98 veterinarians completed an online questionnaire. Questions on their demographics and their mindset toward AMU were complemented with an adaptive choice-based conjoint interview, a novel conjoint analysis technique to quantify preferences of respondents for characteristics of a product for which multiple trade-off decisions must be made (here a bovine udder health and AMU improvement program). The conjoint analysis was followed by a multivariate multiple regression analysis to identify groups of respondents with different program design preferences. Logistic regression models were used to associate covariates with respondents’ preference to start a new udder health and AMU improvement program. Most farmers (55%) and veterinarians (62%) were in favor of starting a new voluntary udder health and AMU improvement program, but the program design preferences agreed moderately between the two stakeholder groups. Farmers preferred an udder health and AMU improvement program that did not contain a penalty system for high AMU, was voluntary for all dairy herds, and aimed to simultaneously improve udder health and reduce AMU. Veterinarians preferred a program that had the veterinary organization and the government taking the lead in program design decision making, did not contain a penalty system for high AMU, and aimed to simultaneously improve udder health and reduce AMU. Differences between groups of farmers and veterinarians concerning their start preference were identified. Also, the magnitude of various program design preferences changed for farmers with different opinions toward AMU. The information obtained from this study may support the decision-making process and the communication to the field afterward, when discussing national strategies to improve udder health and AMU in Switzerland.
Estimating First-Order Geometric Parameters and Monitoring Contact Transitions during Force-Controlled Compliant Motion

This paper uses (linearized) Kalman filters to estimate first-order geometric parameters (i.e., orientation of contact normals and location of contact points) that occur in force-controlled compliant motions. The time variance of these parameters is also estimated. In addition, transitions between contact situations can be monitored. The contact between the manipulated object and its environment is general, i.e., multiple contacts can occur at the same time, and both the topology and the geometry of each single contact are arbitrary. The two major theoretical contributions are 1) the integration of the general contact model, developed previously by the authors, into a state-space form suitable for recursive processing; and 2) the use of the reciprocity constraint between ideal contact forces and motion freedoms as the “measurement equation” of the Kalman filter. The theory is illustrated by full 3-D experiments. The approach of this paper allows a breakthrough in the state of the art dominated by the classical, orthogonal contact models of Mason that can only cope with a limited (albeit important) subset of all possible contact situations.
KySS 1.0: a Framework for Automatic Evaluation of Chinese Input Method Engines

Chinese Input Method Engine (IME) plays an important role in Chinese language processing. However, it has been subjected to lacking a proper evaluation metric for a long time. The natural metric for IME is user experience, which is a rather vague goal for research purpose. We propose a novel approach of quantifying user experience by using keystroke count and then correspondingly develop a framework of IME evaluation, which is fast and accurate. With the underlying linguistic background, the proposed evaluation framework can properly model the user behavior as Chinese is input through English keyboard. It is helpful to point out a way to improve the current Chinese IME performance. 1
Cyberbullying: implications for the psychiatric nurse practitioner.

PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to inform and educate psychiatric nurse practitioners about the pervasiveness of the rapidly increasing problem of cyberbullying. REVIEW OF LITERATURE As more children and adolescents obtain access to the Internet, mobile devices, and social networking sites, the exposure to bullying in the virtual format increases. Cyberbullying is a growing public health concern and can affect mental health and school performance. Cyberbullying often results in a range of psychiatric symptoms and has been linked to suicide attempts and completions. CONCLUSIONS The psychiatric nurse practitioner is uniquely prepared to provide a range of interventions for patients, families, and communities who have experienced cyberbullying.
Anisotropy and percolation threshold in a multifractal support

Recently a multifractal object, Qmf, was proposed to allow the study of percolation properties in a multifractal support. The area and the number of neighbors of the blocks of Qmf show a non-trivial behavior. The value of the probability of occupation at the percolation threshold, pc, is a function of r, a parameter of Qmf which is related to its anisotropy. We investigate the relation between pc and the average number of neighbors of the blocks as well as the anisotropy of Qmf.
Modulation of spontaneous alpha brain rhythms using low-intensity transcranial direct-current stimulation

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of neurostimulation in which a constant, low current is delivered directly to the brain area of interest by small electrodes. The overall aim of this study was to examine and monitor the modulation of brain activity by electroencephalogram (EEG) in the frequency domain during tDCS in the resting state. To this end, we considered the modulation of spontaneous EEG to be a marker of the perturbation that was induced through the direct current (1.5 mA for 15 min). In all conditions (anodal, cathodal, and sham), an active electrode was placed over the right posterior parietal cortex, and a reference electrode was placed on the ipsilateral deltoid muscle. The EEG was recorded using a 64-channel system. The effect of tDCS was limited to the alpha rhythm, and the anodal stimulation significantly affected the alpha rhythm, whereas the cathodal stimulation did not elicit any modifications. Further, we observed modulation of alpha activity in areas that were stimulated directly through tDCS and in anterior noncontiguous areas. Finally, the anodal effect peaked 7.5 min after stimulation and decreased gradually over time. Our study demonstrates that in the resting brain, monocephalic anodal tDCS over posterior parietal areas alters ongoing brain activity, specifically in the alpha band rhythm. Our data can be used to fine-tune tDCS protocols in neurorehabilitation settings.
Patterned Electrospray Fiber Structures

Electrospun fibers have useful filtration properties for chemical protective clothing and filter masks. Techniques for the patterned deposition of these fibers have been developed based on varying the conductivity of the target substrate. We are investigating multilayer arrangements of patterned fibers deposited in single layers, and onto air-permeable substrates. Patterning through the depth and across the area of the deposited layers has an effect on membrane strength. These materials are possible add-on solutions to provide complete biological and chemical aerosol particle protection for air permeable garments. Enhanced filtration efficiency of woven and nonwoven fabrics will improve individual soldier protection without compromising air flow characteristics or comfort of air-permeable garments.
Dielectric characteristic of nanocrystalline Na 0 . 5 K 0 . 5 NbO 3 ceramic green body

Dielectric spectroscopy was applied to porous nanocrystalline Na0.5K0. 5NbO3 (NKN) ceramic green body, wherein influences of percolation effect and water adsorption at pore surface of the ceramic green body on dielectric response were examined over wide temperature (150 to 450 K) and frequency (100 Hz to 1 MHz) ranges. Dielectric permittivity of the ceramic green body is about 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure NKN powder or NKN ceramic. Furthermore, the high dielectric permittivity and high humidity sensitivity of the ceramic green body can appear again with aging a period of time in air. The data from this investigation make potential applications for NKN as a giant dielectric material or a humidity sensing material.
On the computability-theoretic complexity of trivial, strongly minimal models

We show the existence of a trivial, strongly minimal (and thus uncountably categorical) theory for which the prime model is computable and each of the other countable models computes 0". This result shows that the result of Goncharov/Harizanov/Laskowski/Lempp/McCoy (2003) is best possible for trivial strongly minimal theories in terms of computable model theory. We conclude with some remarks about axiomatizability.