Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun Genetik Boyutu

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. Due to studies reporting that the effects of ADHD diagnosis on functioning may last throughout life, this disorder, which has great importance for child and adolescent psychiatry, started to attract greater attention recently in terms of adult psychiatry. A review, evaluating the results of studies conducted on the genetic basis of ADHD, which started to attract increasing attention both in our country and the world, was thought to help clinicians working in this field. PubMed and Turkish Psychiatry Index online search engines were screened using qattention deficit hyperactivity disorderq, qADHDq, qgeneticsq as key words. The data obtained were combined with information gleaned from several textbooks. Based on previous studies, it could easily be concluded that ADHD is one of the most common heritable psychiatric disorder with distinguished genetic features. Despite its importance for diagnosis and treatment, the etiology of ADHD is still not clear and the disorder seems to be a complex problem arising from the effects of both genetic and environmental factors. Although previous studies revealed that ADHD displayed familial and hereditary transmission, stable patterns of Mendelian inheritance could not be discriminated by evaluation of pedigrees. Therefore, many studies have been conducted on the molecular genetic basis of ADHD recently. The previous studies did not report consistent results in identification of the genes responsible for ADHD which has been partially linked to heterogeneity of the disorder. Grouping relevant patients according to comorbidities and persistence in adolescence rather than DSM-IV subtypes could be an important alternative method for overcoming this limitation in the research studies.
Sildenafil reduces respiratory muscle weakness and fibrosis in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Loss of dystrophin initiates a progressive decline in skeletal muscle integrity and contractile capacity which weakens respiratory muscles including the diaphragm, culminating in respiratory failure, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in DMD patients. At present, corticosteroid treatment is the primary pharmacological intervention in DMD, but has limited efficacy and adverse side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for new safe, cost‐effective, and rapidly implementable treatments that slow disease progression. One promising new approach is the amplification of nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO–cGMP) signalling pathways with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. PDE5 inhibitors serve to amplify NO signalling that is attenuated in many neuromuscular diseases including DMD. We report here that a 14‐week treatment of the mdx mouse model of DMD with the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil (Viagra®, Revatio®) significantly reduced mdx diaphragm muscle weakness without impacting fatigue resistance. In addition to enhancing respiratory muscle contractility, sildenafil also promoted normal extracellular matrix organization. PDE5 inhibition slowed the establishment of mdx diaphragm fibrosis and reduced matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) expression. Sildenafil also normalized the expression of the pro‐fibrotic (and pro‐inflammatory) cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Sildenafil‐treated mdx diaphragms accumulated significantly less Evans Blue tracer dye than untreated controls, which is also indicative of improved diaphragm muscle health. We conclude that sildenafil‐mediated PDE5 inhibition significantly reduces diaphragm respiratory muscle dysfunction and pathology in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study provides new insights into the therapeutic utility of targeting defects in NO–cGMP signalling with PDE5 inhibitors in dystrophin‐deficient muscle. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a High-Throughput Cell-Based Assay for Identification of IL-17 Inhibitors

Human interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine derived mainly from activated T cells. Extensive evidence points to a significant role of IL-17 in many autoimmune and infectious diseases, as well as tumorigenesis and transplant rejection, and suggests that targeting IL-17 could be a promising therapeutic strategy. Robust cell-based assays would thus be essential for lead identification and the optimization of therapeutic candidates. Herein, we report a well-characterized two-step assay, consisting of (a) in vitro activation and stimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by a defined complex of antibodies and cytokines, leading to T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and IL-17 production, and (b) IL-17 quantification in cell supernatants using a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay. The system was optimized for and shown to be reliable in high-throughput compatible 96- and 384-well plate formats. The assay is robust (Z′ > 0.5) and simple to perform, yields a stable response, and allows for sufficient discrimination of positive (IL-17–producing cells) and negative controls (uninduced cells). The assay was validated by performing dose-response testing of rapamycin and cyclosporine A, which had previously been reported to inhibit IL-17, and determining, for the first time, their in vitro potencies (IC50s of 80 ± 23 pM and 223 ± 52 nM, respectively). Also, IKK 16, a selective small-molecule inhibitor of IκB kinase, was found to inhibit IL-17 production, with an IC50 of 315 ± 79 nM.
Structure and Ultrastructure of the Celiac–Mesenteric Ganglion Complex in the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris)

A number of neurons of the autonomic nervous system are situated in the ganglia and can be systematically divided into pre‐vertebrals, paravertebrals, intramural and para‐viscerals. The celiac–mesenteric ganglion, an important pre‐vertebral ganglion, is located together with the abdominal aorta and links the central nervous system to the peripheral system, participating in the coordination of peripheral reflexes and principally innervating the stomach, intestines, accessory glands (liver and pancreas). In addition, the celiac–mesenteric ganglion also contributes to the innervation of the spleen and has a role in gastrointestinal motility control. This study examined the structural and ultrastructural aspects of 40 celiac–mesenteric ganglia from domestic dogs. For light microscopy ganglia were included in paraplast and stained with haematoxylin–eosin, picrosirius, toluidine blue, Calleja's and Masson's trichrome. For examination by electron microscopy, the ganglia were submitted to cryofracture, enzyme digestion, hydrolysis and fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The celiac–mesenteric ganglion was observed as a ganglionic complex composed of various ganglionic units separated by types I and III collagen fibres, predominantly unmyelinated nerve fibres and continuous capillaries. This complex is surrounded by a double‐layer capsule (internal and external). The principal ganglion cells had eccentric nuclei with two nucleoli, the nucleolemma was double and presented nuclear pores. In the cytoplasm there were vesicles of the Golgi apparatus, electron‐dense vacuoles, mitochondrias, smooth and granulated endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. In conclusion, this ganglionic complex, in contrast to similar structures in the enteric nervous system, presents separate ganglionic units in a systematic arrangement related to the extrinsic and specific innervation of the target organs.
Wireless Factory Automation: Radio Channel Evolution in Repeated Manufacturing Processes

Wireless technologies have to be enhanced to meet the latency and reliability requirements of mission-critical machine-type communication (MTC) in automation systems. Investigating the characteristics of radio channels in typical factory environments is fundamental when designing the wireless industrial Internet of the future. In this paper, we provide results of an indoor channel measurement campaign in a representative factory automation lab. The measurements were performed at a carrier frequency of 2.25 GHz. We focus on communication between industrial robots and their controller entities over short distances. Our use case is a pick-and-place process with repetitions. We allow other active machinery and moving personnel nearby the automation cell. Based on the power delay profile and the corresponding power spectral density, we analyze the time evolution of channel snapshots on fixed spatial positions in repeated processes. Furthermore, we study the correlation of successive channel profiles along the process trajectory. By obtaining high channel correlation over time, we show that scattering and reflection effects from active and moving obstacles surrounding the manufacturing area are limited. Our findings allow a channel-aware planning of wireless control loops by optimized link adaption in wireless systems.
Insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in colostrum compared to measures in serum of Holstein neonates.

Colostral insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) may be beneficial in the development of gastrointestinal tracts of bovine neonates. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine relationships among concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) in colostrum used at two initial feedings and serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP, total protein, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), and immunoglobulin G at 0 and 48 h after birth in Holstein neonates. Calves (n = 22) were separated from dams immediately after birth. Blood samples were taken before initial feeding and at 48 h after birth. Calves were fed 2 L of colostrum twice and milk replacer thereafter. Linear regression of serum IGF-I at 48 h and colostral IGF-I revealed a significant positive relationship (R2 = 0.204). Serum IGFBP-3 at 48 h and colostral IGFBP-3 also had a positive relationship (R2 = 0.143). However, linear regression of colostral IGF-I on the difference in serum IGF-I at 48 and 0 h was not significant. Calves were assigned to group 1 (0-h serum IGF-I < 10 ng/ml; n = 11) or group 2 (0-h serum IGF-I > or = 10 ng/ml; n = 11) for further analysis. There were no differences in serum IGF-I or IGFBP-2, -3, -4, and -5 concentrations at 48 h between groups 1 and 2. Correlation coefficients revealed negative relationships of serum IGF-I at 0 h to the difference between serum IGF-I at 48 and 0 h (r = -0.824), as well as birth weight of the calf to the amount of GGT at 48 h (r = -0.604). Females had lower birth weights than males, but sex of calf did not affect serum measures. At 0 h, but not 48 h, total serum protein was correlated to serum GGT concentrations (r = 0.573). From indirect evidence, absorption of colostral IGF-I and IGFBP-3 into systemic circulation may occur, but relative importance compared to endogenous sources is uncertain.
A lesson for cancer research: placental microarray gene analysis in preeclampsia

Tumor progression and pregnancy share many common features, such as immune tolerance and invasion. The invasion of trophoblasts in the placenta into the uterine wall is essential for fetal development, and is thus precisely regulated. Its deregulation has been implicated in preeclampsia, a leading cause for maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Pathogenesis of preeclampsia remains to be defined. Microarray-based gene profiling has been widely used for identifying genes responsible for preeclampsia. In this review, we have summarized the recent data from the microarray studies with preeclamptic placentas. Despite the complex of gene signatures, suggestive of the heterogeneity of preeclampsia, these studies identified a number of differentially expressed genes associated with preeclampsia. Interestingly, most of them have been reported to be tightly involved in tumor progression. We have discussed these interesting genes and analyzed their potential molecular functions in preeclampsia, compared with their roles in malignancy development. Further investigations are warranted to explore the involvement in molecular network of each identified gene, which may provide not only novel strategies for prevention and therapy for preeclampsia but also a better understanding of cancer cells. The trophoblastic cells, with their capacity for proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and survival, migration, angiogenesis and immune modulation by exploiting similar molecular pathways, make them a compelling model for cancer research.
Prospective du métier des acheteurs: Quels profils pour les acheteurs de demain ?

Traditionally, buyers' profiles are based on the characteristics of the purchasing goods and the nature of the vendors market. The purchasing process is however never only done by the professional buyer because it results from interactions of purchasing department with other functions. This observation, made 70 years ago in marketing industry (Webster and Wind, 1972), is surprisingly rarely taken into account in the definition of buyers profiles. However, these interactions will increase in the future due to evolutions both in the tasks entrusted to buyers (intervention in the new product development teams, etc.) and in the boundaries of their function (intervention in purchasing families which have been so far left to the hands of internal customers, such as procurement of temporary labour). The objective of this paper is to identify, in a forward-looking vision, why and how to take into account this internal environment in the definition of buyers profiles. Firstly, the changes which will affect purchasing function will be presented. Secondly, a matrix will be proposed in order to identify four types of internal relations. Thirdly, we will suggest a methodology to identify future buyers' profiles.
Time-Varying Effects of Oil Supply Shocks on the US Economy

We investigate how the dynamic effects of oil supply shocks on the US economy have changed over time. We first document a remarkable structural change in the oil market itself, i.e. a considerably steeper, hence, less elastic oil demand curve since the mid-eighties. Accordingly, a typical oil supply shock is currently characterized by a much smaller impact on world oil production and a greater effect on the real price of crude oil, but has a similar impact on US output and inflation as in the 1970s. Second, we find a smaller role for oil supply shocks in accounting for real oil price variability over time, implying that current oil price fluctuations are more demand driven. Finally, while unfavorable oil supply disturbances explain little of the "Great Inflation", they seem to have contributed to the 1974/75, early 1980s and 1990s recessions but also dampened the economic boom at the end of the millennium.
The Relationship Between Education Level and Mini-Mental State Examination Domains Among Older Mexican Americans

To study the effect of education and language of response at the interview on performance in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) domains, we studied 2861 Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) followed from 1993 to 1994 until 2004 to 2005. The MMSE was examined as total score (0-30) or divided into 2 global domains: (1) no-memory (score 0-24): Orientation, attention, and language; and (2) memory (score 0-6): working and delayed memory. Mean age and total MMSE were 72.7 years and 24.6 at baseline, and 81.7 years and 20.5 at 11 years of follow-up. Spanish-speaking participants had less education (4.1 vs 7.4 years, P < .0001), they had significantly higher adjusted mean scores for memory, no-memory, and total MMSE compared with English-speaking participants. In multivariate longitudinal analyses, participants with more years of education performed better than those with less education, especially in total MMSE and no-memory domain. Spanish-speaking participants with 4 to 6 years of education had higher memory scores than those speaking English (estimate 0.40, standard error [SE] = 0.14, P < .001), 7 to 11 (estimate 0.27, standard error = 0.13, P < .01) or 12+ (estimate 0.44, standard error = 0.13, P < .001). Results suggest that cultural factors and variables related to preferred language use determined variations in MMSE performance. Because the memory domain of the MMSE is less affected by education, it may be used along with other cognitive tests for early detection of cognitive decline in older populations with low education.
Separating Web Applications from User Data Storage with BSTORE

This paper presents BSTORE, a framework that allows developers to separate their web application code from user data storage. With BSTORE, storage providers implement a standard file system API, and applications access user data through that same API without having to worry about where the data might be stored. A file system manager allows the user and applications to combine multiple file systems into a single namespace, and to control what data each application can access. One key idea in BSTORE's design is the use of tags on files, which allows applications both to organize data in different ways, and to delegate fine-grained access to other applications. We have implemented a prototype of BSTORE in Javascript that runs in unmodified Firefox and Chrome browsers. We also implemented three file systems and ported three different applications to BSTORE. Our prototype incurs an acceptable performance overhead of less than 5% on a 10Mbps network connection, and porting existing client-side applications to BSTORE required small amounts of source code changes.
Analysis of mannose receptor regulation by IL‐4, IL‐10, and proteolytic processing using novel monoclonal antibodies

The study of the murinemacrophage mannose receptor (MR) has been hampered by the lack of specific reagents. We have generated and characterized novel anti‐MR monoclonal antibodies and used them to analyze MR expression in primary mouse macrophages (MØ). In BioGel‐ and thioglycollate‐elicited MØ, interleukin (IL)‐4 up‐regulated total cell‐associated MR (cMR), correlating with enhanced surface expression. We investigated the influence of IL‐10, a well‐characterized deactivator of MØ function, on MR levels and observed that it had a similar effect to IL‐4. In both cases, enhanced cMR levels translated into increased production of the soluble form of the receptor (sMR). We have demonstrated the presence of sMR in cultures of stable non‐MØ transductants expressing full‐length MR, indicating that the proteolytic activity responsible for cMR cleavage is not MØ‐restricted. These data support a role for the MR in T helper cell type 2 cytokine‐driven, immune responses and suggest a non‐MØ contribution to sMR production in vivo.
Two types of melanopsin retinal ganglion cell differentially innervate the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and the olivary pretectal nucleus

Melanopsin‐expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) innervate the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN), providing irradiance information for entrainment of circadian rhythms and for stimulating the pupillary light reflex. In this study, mice were used in which the melanopsin gene was replaced with the tau‐lacZ gene. Heterozygous (tau‐lacZ+/–) mice express both melanopsin and β‐galactosidase. In tau‐lacZ+/– mice, only ∼50% of melanopsin ipRGCs contain β‐galactosidase, and these cells are specifically labeled with a C‐terminus melanopsin antibody. Retrograde tracer injection into the SCN labels β‐galactosidase‐expressing ipRGCs (termed M1) that comprise ∼80% of the SCN‐projecting ipRGCs. M1 ipRGCs and an additional set of ipRGCs (termed M2) are labeled with a melanopsin antiserum targeted against the N‐terminus of the melanopsin protein; M2 ipRGCs do not contain detectable β‐galactosidase, and these cells make up the remainder of the SCN‐projecting RGCs. Tracer injection into the OPN labeled non‐melanopsin RGCs and both types of melanopsin ipRGC: 45% M1 and 55% M2. Infection of the iris with pseudorabies virus (PRV) results in retrograde transneuronal label of OPN projection neurons that innervate preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus; PRV‐labeled cells were located almost exclusively within the terminal field of M1 ipRGCs in the periphery (shell) of the OPN. The OPN core receives retinal input, and we hypothesize that the OPN core receives input from the M2 ipRGCs. Two subtypes of melanopsin ipRGCs project differentially to the SCN and OPN; the functional significance of ipRGCs subtypes is currently unknown.
MASC, a qualitative multi-attribute decision model for ex ante assessment of the sustainability of cropping systems

Realistic assessments of sustainability are often viewed as typical decision-making problems requiring multi-criteria decision-aid (MCDA) methods taking into account the conflicting objectives underlying the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability, and the different sources of knowledge representing them. Some MCDA-based studies have resulted in the development of sustainable agricultural systems, but the new challenges facing agriculture and the increasing unpredictability of their driving forces highlight the need for faster ex ante (‘Before-the-event’) assessment frameworks. These frameworks should also (i) provide a more realistic assessment of sustainability, by integrating a wider range of informal knowledge, via the use of qualitative information; (ii) address alternative scales, such as cropping system level, improving granularity for the handling of sustainability issues and (iii) target a larger panel of decision-makers and contexts. We describe here the MASC model, which is at the center of a framework addressing these objectives. The MASC model has at its core a decision tree that breaks the sustainability assessment decisional problem down into simpler units as a function of sustainability dimensional structure (economic, social and environmental), generating a vector of 32 holistic ‘mixed’ (quantitative and qualitative) elementary criteria rating cropping systems. The assessment process involves the calculation of these criteria, their homogenization into qualitative information for input into the model and their aggregation throughout the decision tree based on ‘If-Then’ decision rules, entered by the user. We present the model and describe its first implementation for the evaluation of four cropping systems generated from expert knowledge, and discuss its relevance to the objectives cited above. The MASC model has several advantages over existing methods, due to its ability to handle qualitative information, its transparency, flexibility and feasibility.
Study and Applications of POLSAR Data Time-Frequency Correlation Properties

This article presents a new approach for the study of PolSAR images using Time-Frequency (TF) correlation properties . PolSAR information is analyzed using a linear time-frequency (TF) decomposition which permits to describe a scene polarimetric behavior for different azimuth angles of observation and frequencies of illumination. A TF signal model is proposed and studied using two statistical descriptors related to the signal stationary aspect and coherence in the time-frequency domain. These indicators are shown to provide complementary information for an enhanced description of the scene. A TF based classification is proposed and applied to fully polarimetric SAR data acquired by the ESAR sensor at Lband. Finally, some description of PolSAR data TF correlation properties are proposed and commented.