Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sensitivity of the OptiMAL Rapid Diagnostic Test to the Presence of Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes Compromises Its Ability To Monitor Treatment Outcomes in an Area of Papua New Guinea in which Malaria Is Endemic

ABSTRACT Using in vivo samples from treatment failure malaria cases, we demonstrate the high sensitivity of the parasite lactase dehydrogenase (pLDH)-based OptiMAL rapid diagnostic test in the detection of P. falciparum gametocytes. This high sensitivity limits the use of pLDH-based tests in the monitoring of treatment outcomes in circumstances where gametocytemia is common.
Labour Flexibility and Wages: Lessons from Spain

Spanish labour markets Samuel Bentolila and Juan J. Dolado Temporary jobs have been on the rise in Europe, partly in response to firms' desire for higher flexibility in employment, and partly because flexibility is widely believed to help bring down unemployment. However, the flexibility gained through temporary contracts hardly affects the core of permanent employees. Instead, temporary jobs result in the emergence of a dual labour market. Worse, it is conceivable that wage growth actually rises when wage setting is in the hands of permanent insider workers, as happens in many European countries. This possibility receives empirical support in a sample of five EC countries, especially in those where permanent employment is highly costly to adjust. Spain, which has gone furthest in promoting temporary employment, provides an interesting and worrisome picture of what to expect if two-tier labour markets become prevalent in Europe.
Non-temporal Components of Residential Real Estate Appreciation

This paper separates the components of capital appreciation returns in an asset market into fixed and stochastic portions. It proposes a control for the problem of fixed components in the capital appreciation return used in transactions-based return estimates. We find a consistent bias in the index resulting from repeat sales regressions which may be eliminated through simple methods. The sign and magnitude of the bias, as well as its systematic variation across property, suggest that it is caused by incremental home improvements, as well as by price risk. We propose a maximum likelihood method for estimating the first and second moments of the fixed and temporal components of real estate returns that relies upon relatively small samples. Copyright 1995 by MIT Press.
Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple Species

Simian adenoviruses screened from wild-derived candidates can prime T cell responses in man and may serve as new vaccine vector candidates. Deepening the Talent Pool Whether you’re talking about drafting for a professional sports team or hiring new lab staff, increasing the number of candidates improves your chances of the truly exceptional find. When it comes to vaccine vectors, the pool of human adenovirus candidates has been quite shallow. Although certain vectors are highly immunogenic in animal models, they can be neutralized by preexisting antibodies in humans. Yet, Colloca et al. show that viruses that are more rare in humans and are thus less likely to be neutralized are not as immunogenic. Therefore, the authors deepened the vector pool by isolating more than 1000 adenovirus strains from chimpanzees. They identified vectors that grew in human cells and were not neutralized by human sera and prevented them from replicating. As with human adenoviral vectors, different simian vectors induced either more or less potent immune responses in mice. The more potent of these vectors were also immunogenic in humans. These chimp adenoviral vectors provide such embarrassment of riches that different vectors could be used for each vaccine target, lowering the chances of subsequent cross-reactive neutralization. Thus, these vectors serve as prime candidates for future vaccine development. Replication-defective adenovirus vectors based on human serotype 5 (Ad5) induce protective immune responses against diverse pathogens and cancer in animal models, as well as elicit robust and sustained cellular immunity in humans. However, most humans have neutralizing antibodies to Ad5, which can impair the immunological potency of such vaccines. Here, we show that rare serotypes of human adenoviruses, which should not be neutralized in most humans, are far less potent as vaccine vectors than Ad5 in mice and nonhuman primates, casting doubt on their potential efficacy in humans. To identify novel vaccine carriers suitable for vaccine delivery in humans, we isolated and sequenced more than 1000 adenovirus strains from chimpanzees (ChAd). Replication-defective vectors were generated from a subset of these ChAd serotypes and screened to determine whether they were neutralized by human sera and able to grow in human cell lines. We then ranked these ChAd vectors by immunological potency and found up to a thousandfold variation in potency for CD8+ T cell induction in mice. These ChAd vectors were safe and immunologically potent in phase 1 clinical trials, thereby validating our screening approach. These data suggest that the ChAd vectors developed here represent a large collection of non–cross-reactive, potent vectors that may be exploited for the development of new vaccines.
Comparison of two ventilatory strategies in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

BACKGROUND 'Open lung' ventilation is commonly used in patients with acute lung injury and has been shown to improve intraoperative oxygenation in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The feasibility of an 'open lung' ventilatory strategy in elderly patients under general anaesthesia has not previously been assessed. METHODS 'Open lung' ventilation (recruitment manoeuvres, tidal volume 6 ml kg(-1) predicted body weight, and 12 cm H(2)O PEEP) (RM group) was compared with conventional ventilation (no recruitment manoeuvres, tidal volume 10 ml kg(-1) predicted body weight, and zero end-expiratory pressure) in elderly patients (>65 yr) undergoing major open abdominal surgery with regard to oxygenation, respiratory system mechanics, and haemodynamic stability. We also monitored the serum levels of the interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-8 before and after surgery to determine whether the systemic inflammatory response to surgery depends on the ventilatory strategy used. RESULTS Twenty patients were included in each group. The RM group tolerated open lung ventilation without significant haemodynamic instability. Intraoperative Pa(o(2)) improved in the RM group (P<0.01) and deteriorated in controls (P=0.01), but postoperative Pa(o(2)) was similar in both groups. The RM group had improved breathing mechanics as evidenced by increased dynamic compliance (36%) and decreased airway resistance (21%). Both IL-6 and IL-8 significantly increased after surgery, but the magnitude of increase did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS A lung recruitment strategy in elderly patients is well tolerated and improves intraoperative oxygenation and lung mechanics during laparotomy.
The state, public policy and the renewal of HRM

The development of HRM and its social and economic consequences are the subject of a wide array of processes and inputs. The manner in which the management and regulation of the employment relation evolves is influenced as much by external factors as it is internal ones specific to the organization. The role of law, the state as a public sector employer, economic policy, and social and welfare rights are a central feature as to how people are managed and developed. However, there are other features to this state and public policy role, not least in a context where there is a new onslaught on the role of the state in the wake of the crisis in financial institutions and the burden they have placed on the public sector and citizens. The role of the state in developing frameworks for new management practices has become increasingly important: these have come in the form of supporting networks, establishing standards and using targets and objectives. While concerns are expressed with the effectiveness and sustainability of such initiatives the reality is that we need to engage more fully with the state as a broad ensemble of traditional and new institutional practices if we are to fully understand the politics and realities of understanding HRM.
Collective Ownership or Cadres' Ownership? The Non-agricultural Use of Farmland in China

In China during the reform period, the multitude of conflicts between the state or its agents and peasants has become a serious concern for the Chinese government. A fundamental reason for these conflicts is the fact that peasants' basic economic or political interests have been threatened or ignored. Using the case of non-agricultural use of farmland, this study seeks to explain why the peasants' lack of resistive power appears institutionalized in China. The use of rural land often gives rise to conflicts because peasants are usually under-compensated for their land. Facing the encroachment of their interests, peasants may take ex ante preventive action and ex post measures. While ex ante action is more effective, it is not always feasible because it needs the organizing of village cadres. Hence, peasants are weak because usually action can only be taken ex post, which, more often than not, is ineffective because of the political arrangements through which the state, peasants and cadres interact.
Games, Information and Evidence Production, with Application to English Legal History

I study the problem of how the legal system regulates activity outside the courtroom on the basis of information supplied, in court, by interested and potentially dishonest parties. I then apply the framework to the historical evolution of Civil Procedure. I identify a trade-off between the "fixed costs" of holding hearings and the cost of evidence produced therein. When a party's presentation of evidence is used to set its own liability or recovery, such evidence is useful in setting incentives only to the extent that the party's evidence production costs tend to vary with its behavior in the regulated activity. Such production costs are a loss to the system. The less intense an individual's interest in how her information will be used, the less the need for production costs in insuring reliability. But greater reliance on information from others requires increasing the breadth of circumstances triggering suit and the number of parties to each action. An increase in the cost of legal process (both fixed costs and production costs) warrants increased reliance on the information supplied by interested parties via costly evidence production. This suggests that increases in the opportunity cost of process, due to increases in labor productivity, were one factor in the gradual shift through English legal history from a system relying mostly on relatively disinterested observers (in the form of the ancient jury) to one relying mostly on costly evidence production by the parties themselves.
Ipilimumab in the treatment of melanoma

Introduction: Recent advances in the understanding of the complex cellular mechanisms regulating cancer immunity have led to new strategies in the development of cancer immunotherapy. Targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), a key negative regulator of immune activity, with the monoclonal antibody ipilimumab has shown promising clinical benefit in patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma. Areas covered: This review illustrates the pharmacology of ipilimumab and highlights the clinical evidence regarding its efficacy and safety in patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma. The unique clinical response pattern and class-specific immune-related toxicity profile associated with this biologic agent are also characterized. A literature search using PubMed database was undertaken using search words ipilimumab, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, melanoma and tumor immunity barrier. Expert opinion: Ipilimumab, approved by the FDA for patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma based on the overall survival benefit when compared with a peptide vaccine, is a major breakthrough in the treatment of melanoma. While clinicians are embracing this innovative biologic agent, special attentions in patient selection, class-specific immune-related toxicities and their management as well as treatment response evaluation are needed.
Ultracompact and Broadband Silicon-Based Strip-to-Slot Mode Converter

An ultracompact and broadband strip-to-slot mode converter based on subwavelength grating (SWG) structures is proposed and analyzed, where an SWG multimode waveguide combined with two SWG-wire tapered transitions at its both ends is used to connect the input strip and output slot waveguides. In this SWG multimode waveguide, a twofold image can be easily formed based on the symmetric interference for the central input, and then this image can be further converted into the output slot mode due to similarity of their field distributions. Based on this mechanism, we optimize the structural parameters and obtain a device length of ~4.3 μm (SWG multimode waveguide length is only 1.4 μm) with an insertion loss (IL) and a reflection loss (RL) below 0.36 and -20 dB, respectively, in an ultra-wide wavelength range covering the O, E, S, C, L, and U bands (IL = 0.19 dB and RL = -28.72 dB at 1.55 μm).
Microarray profile of micro‐ribonucleic acid in tumor tissue from cervical squamous cell carcinoma without human papillomavirus

Aims: Micro‐ribonucleic acid (miRNA) are noncoding RNA molecules of 21 to 24 nt that regulate the expression of target genes in a post‐transcriptional manner. Evidence indicates that miRNA play essential roles in embryogenesis, cell differentiation and pathogenesis of human diseases. This study describes a comparison between the microRNA profile of human‐papillomavirus‐negative cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients and controls, in order to develop further understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinomas.
Installation vs. echelon stock policies for multilevel inventory control

This paper compares installation and echelon stock policies for multilevel inventory control. The major results are for serial and assembly systems. For (Q, r)-rules, echelon stock policies are, in general, superior to installation stock policies. A Kanban-policy is identified as a restricted type of installation stock (Q, r)-policy.
Resistencias al cambio organizativo: un análisis empírico en cambios reactivos y anticipativos

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Effect of Annual Health Checkups on Medical Expenditures in Japanese Middle-Aged Workers

Objective: To examine the effect of annual health checkups on medical expenditures in Japanese middle-aged workers. Methods: Medical expenditure data were accumulated from a health insurance society with 38 affiliated companies in Japan. Eligible employees (1811 men and 787 women) aged 40 to 55 years, who received medical care in 2002 (baseline year) and 2006 (4 years later) were surveyed about their participation in health checkups in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Results: After adjusting for medical care use in the baseline year, the 4-year total (2003–2006) of medical expenditures was significantly lower in those who had more frequent health checkups for both genders. The 4-year change (from 2002 to 2006) of medical expenditures was inversely associated with the frequency of health checkups, and this association was statistically significant for men. Conclusions: Annual health checkups may contribute to reduction of medical expenditures in Japanese middle-aged workers.
Prospective Age‐Matching in Elderly Kidney Transplant Recipients—A 5‐Year Analysis of the Eurotransplant Senior Program

Renal transplantation faces challenges: the organ shortage resulting in extended waiting times and an aging population resulting in death with a functioning graft. The Eurotransplant Senior Program (ESP) allocates kidneys within a narrow geographic area from donors aged ≥65 years to recipients ≥65 years regardless of HLA. This analysis investigates the impact of the ESP on waiting time, graft and patient survival. The ESP group (n = 1406, old to old) was compared to two groups allocated via the Eurotransplant Kidney Allocation System (ETKAS) with either similar donor age (old to any [O/A], donor age ≥65, n = 446) or recipient age (any to old, [A/O], recipient age 60–64, n = 1687). All patients were transplanted between 1999 and 2004. Since initiation of the ESP (1999), availability of elderly donors doubled and waiting time for ESP patients decreased. Local allocation led to shorter cold ischemia time (11.9 vs. >17.0 h, p < 0.001) and less delayed graft function (DGF, ESP 29.7% vs. O/A 36.2%, p = 0.047) but 5–10% higher rejection rates. Graft and patient survival were not negatively affected by the ESP allocation when compared to the standard allocation. The ESP age matching of elderly donors and recipients is an effective allocation system for organs from elderly donors.
Do retail firms benefit from real estate ownership?

In this study, we investigate the role of real estate as a contributor to retailers’ corporate wealth. Employing a sample of 556 retail firms and data from 2001–2006, we first estimate and compare five popular stock market performance measures: median return, total risk, systematic risk, Sharpe Index and Jensen abnormal performance return index for the ‘composite’ and ‘business’ retail firms across three geographical regions and nine retail segments. Then we investigate if there is a statistically significant linear relationship between the relative property levels and incremental stock market performance measures. Overall, the results indicate that, although higher levels of real estate ownership are associated with better stock market performance, these incremental positive performance benefits are subject to diminishing return to scale. As retail firms do generally hold some form of real estate, these findings are significant for their strategic investment decisions.
Success and Failure of MRP II Implementation

SUMMARY This paper assesses the reasons for the success or failure of manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) implementation projects. It begins by discussing the literature and research on success and failure of these systems and presents evidence from cases prepared by the authors. The paper is not concerned to prescribe ‘best practice’ for MRP implementation. The first section reviews the relevant literature and concludes that there is a divergence of opinion as to what constitutes success, raising questions on the usefulness of current methods of establishing whether implementation is successful. The latter section of the paper uses results from longitudinal (process) research carried out by the authors. This starts with a discussion of what counts for success. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding the full potential of MRPII in effecting change of organizational structures, cultures and practice. Several factors that contribute towards MRPII failure are next considered. Finally,‘big bang’style implementations, such as those recommended by the Ollie Wight organization, are most likely to be successful if the organization follows a strategic approach to planning. There also needs to be a high degree of fit between organizational structure, culture and the demands of the MRPII system.
Wicksell and Woodford: a Cashless Economy or Moneyless Economy ?

Recently, one of the most fruitful debate in monetary macroececonomics that fascinates -and opposed- academics and policymakers has lied in the relevancy of money within the monetary policy analysis. Since the publication of King and Goodfriend 1997’s article that gave birth to a new current -the New Neoclassical Synthesis- money seems to be de-emphasized 1 . A new step has been reached in 2003 with Woodford’s monetary treatise that legitimates a Cashless framework. Woodford captures the "implied path of the money supply or the determinants of money demand" (Woodford, 2003, p.237) in the determination of the equilibrium of output and prices, without having to model the volume of money explicitly. Woodford gives his theory a Wicksellian flavour by comparing his cashless economy framework with Wicksell’s pure credit economy framework. Such a legacy gives the impression that Wicksell’s original writings downgraduated money for the conduct of monetary policy. This paper considers the role of money in modern macroeconomics models. First, the article will restore the proper importance of money in Wicksell’s original theory. Then, we will focus on Woodford’s Neo-Wicksellianism model -which is a priori featured by its anti-monetarism approach- to demonstrate that there are grounds for the role of money even in a cashless frame
Targeting Occupations in Regional and Community Economic Development

Abstract This article analyzes why and how economic and community development planners might target occupations as well as industries in shaping an economic development strategy. Key occupations can be identified on the basis of captura-bility, high relative employment growth rates, connectivity across industries, fit with underemployed workforce groups, and potential for entrepreneurship. I demonstrate the potential for targeting occupations with quantitative and qualitative evidence on performing arts occupations for a set of medium-sized metropolitan areas and make the case for occupational location and development theories analogous to those for industry. I close by outlining steps planners can follow to incorporate occupational targeting into their work.
Equilibrium Positive Interest Rates: A Unified View

This article develops precise connections among two general approaches to building interest rate models: a general equilibrium approach using a pricing kernel and the Heath, Jarrow, and Morton framework based on specifying forward rate volatilities and the market price of risk. The connections exploit the observation that a pricing kernel is uniquely determined by its drift. Through these connections we provide, for any arbitrage-free term structure model, a representative-consumer real production economy supporting that term structure model in equilibrium. We put particular emphasis on models in which interest rates remain positive. By modeling the dynamics of the drift of the pricing kernel, we construct a new family of Markovian-positive interest rate models. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Dissecting the cyclic di-guanylate monophosphate signalling network regulating motility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Flagella-mediated swimming and swarming motility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is intercalated with the cyclic di-guanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) signalling network. In this study, we identified the GGDEF domain proteins STM2672, STM4551 and STM1987 as key di-guanylate cyclases involved in regulation of motility in a ΔyhjH phosphodiesterase gene deletion mutant with elevated c-di-GMP levels inhibiting motility. Surprisingly, these di-guanylate cyclases distinctively inhibited motility through the c-di-GMP receptors YcgR and the cellulose synthase BcsA, whereby STM2672 corresponded to YcgR, STM1987 to BcsA and STM4551 to both receptors. Although downregulation of motility is believed to prepare the bacterial cells for surface adhesion and biofilm formation, the major biofilm regulator CsgD of S. sv. Typhimurium was not involved in the regulation of swimming or swarming motility. Together with previously identified c-di-GMP networks regulating flagella-related phenotypes, flagella biosynthesis is a major target of c-di-GMP signalling in S. sv. Typhimurium.