Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryptanalysis of the Dual Elliptic Curve Pseudorandom Generator

The Dual Elliptic Curve Pseudorandom Generator (DEC PRG) is proposed by Barker and Kelsey [2]. It is claimed (see Section 10.3.1 of [2]) that the pseudorandom generator is secure unless the adversary can solve the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP) for the corresponding elliptic curve. The claim is supported only by an informal discussion. No security reduction is given, that is, it is not shown that an adversary that breaks the pseudorandom generator implies a solver for the ECDLP. Our experimental results and also empirical argument show that the DEC PRG is insecure. The attack does not imply solving the ECDLP for the corresponding elliptic curve. The attack is very efficient. It can be run on an ordinary PC. Actually, the generator is insecure because pseudorandom bits are extracted from points of the elliptic curve improperly. The authors of [2] assume that 240 least significant bits of x-coordinate of a random point of the elliptic curve over the prime field Fp, where dlog2 pe = 256, are indistinguishable from 240 uniformly distributed random bits. We show that this is not the case. Based on this observation, we construct an algorithm (an adversary) that efficiently distinguishes the pseudorandom sequences produced by the DEC PRG from the sequences of uniformly distributed random bits. We note that the complexity of our attack is proportional to 2256−240 = 216, so extracting less than 240 bits (say, 2176 bits) makes the attack impractical. However, extracting less random bits does not guarantee that there exists no other attack that successfully breaks the pseudorandom generator. The reason is that the DEC PRG is not provably secure, its security does not provably rely on the intractability of the ECDLP. To make a real provably secure pseudorandom generator one has to construct a security reduction, that is, to show that breaking the generator does imply solving a well-known and supposedly difficult problem (e.g., ECDLP, factoring, etc.) In fact, provable security might be the only argument in favor of the relatively slow DEC PRG versus more efficient generators based on hash functions and block ciphers (e.g., the generators described in Sections 10.1 and 10.2 of [2]). Unfortunately, the DEC PRG is not secure so there are no reasons to use this generator rather than the others.
Nurses’ understanding of a developing nurse practitioner role in the Norwegian emergency care context: A qualitative study

In Norway the nurse practitioner (NP) role is still in its infancy. To succeed with implementation of this new role stakeholder involvement is important, and there should be an explicit need for change. The aim of this study was to explore registered nurses’ understanding of how the NP role could contribute to meeting patients’ needs for care in the emergency care context, and nurses’ perceptions about the implementation process. The study is a qualitative interview study. The interviews were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. Two themes presented themselves: the NP role being an autonomous role suitable for non-urgent patients, and the NP role being diffuse as well as a threat to colleagues and organizational structures. The results indicate that the NP role can make a valuable contribution to meet current challenges in the emergency care context. However, for successful implementation, the management team plays an important role in leading change and engaging co-workers to be part of the process. In further research, it is recommended to evaluate the forthcoming implementation process and, later on, to evaluate the outcomes of NP practice in the emergency care context in Norway.
EG And: FUSE and HST/STIS Monitoring of an Eclipsing Symbiotic Binary

We present highlights and an overview of 20 FUSE and HST/STIS observations of the bright symbiotic binary EG And. The main motivation behind this work is to obtain spatially-resolved information on an evolved giant star in order to understand the mass-loss processes at work in these objects. The system consists of a low-luminosity white dwarf and a mass-losing, non-dusty M2 giant. The ultraviolet observations follow the white dwarf continuum through periodic gradual occultations by the wind and chromosphere of the giant, providing a unique diagnosis of the circumstellar gas in absorption. Unocculted spectra display high ionization features, such as the O VI resonance doublet which is present as a variable (hourly time-scales), broad wind profile, which diagnose the hot gas close to the dwarf component. Spectra observed at stages of partial occultation display a host of low-ionization, narrow, absorption lines, with transitions observed from lower energy levels up to �5 eV above ground. This absorption is due to chromospheric/wind material, with most lines due to transitions of Si II, P II, N I, Fe II and Ni II, as well as heavily damped H I Lyman series features. No molecular features are observed in the wind acceleration region despite the sensitivity of FUSE to H2. From analysis of the ultraviolet dataset, as well as optical data, we find that the dwarf radiation does not dominate the wind acceleration region of the giant, and that observed thermal and dynamic wind properties are most likely representative of isolated red giants. Subject headings: (stars:) binaries: symbiotic— ultraviolet: stars—stars: mass loss—stars: individual (EG And)—stars: chromospheres—line: identification
Peripheral Retinal Vascular Patterns in Patients with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Taiwan

This is an observational study of fluorescein angiography (FA) in consecutive patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in Changhua Christian Hospital to investigate the peripheral retinal vascular patterns in those patients. All patients had their age, sex, axial length (AXL), and refraction status (RF) recorded. According to the findings in FA of the peripheral retina, the eyes were divided into 4 groups: in group 1, there was a ramified pattern of peripheral retinal vasculature with gradual tapering; in group 2, there was an abrupt ending of peripheral vasculature with peripheral non-perfusion; in group 3, there was a curving route of peripheral vasculature forming vascular arcades or anastomosis; and in group 4, the same as in group 3, but with one or more wedge-shaped avascular notches. Comparisons of age, sex, AXL, and RF, association of breaks with lattice degeneration and retinal non-perfusion, surgical procedures utilized, and mean numbers of operations were made among the four groups. Of the 73 eyes studied, there were 13 eyes (17.8%) in group 1, 3 eyes (4.1%) in group 2, 40 eyes (54.8%) in group 3 and 17 eyes (23.3%) in group 4. Significant differences in age, AXL and RF, and association of retinal breaks to non-perfusion were noted among the four groups. Patients in group 1 had older ages, while younger ages were noted in groups 3 and 4. Eyes in group 1 had the shortest average AXL and were least myopic in contrast to the eyes in groups 3 and 4. Association of retinal breaks and retinal non-perfusion was significantly higher in groups 2, 3 and 4 than in group 1. In conclusion, peripheral vascular anomalies are common in cases with RRD. Patients with peripheral non-perfusion tend to be younger, with longer axial length and have the breaks associated with retinal non-perfusion.
Validity and reliability of the happiness scale for adolescents in Yogyakarta

Happiness is a subjective concept because every individual has a different benchmark. Nolen-Hoeksema (1998) argues that adolescents have a higher level of depression than adults, who tend to show lower levels. For that reason, there needs to be a scale to measure happiness in adolescents. This research aims to construct a happiness scale for adolescents in Yogyakarta to measure the level of happiness of adolescents in Yogyakarta in a valid way because not all measurement tools used in western cultures can be implemented in the east. This research uses a constructed psychological measurement tool. This research involves 120 adolescents aged 16-18 years in Yogyakarta. In the factorial validity test or factor analysis, there are several items separated from the initial indicators that form new indicators. These, however, are still able to uncover the aim of constructing the scale. From the 60 items proposed, five items were rejected, and 55 others were considered appropriate. Reliability testing yields a result of 0.936, meaning that the scale has a sufficient level of reliability.
The P2P Communication Model for a Local Memory based Multi-core Processor

Multi-core processor has become the mainstream processor nowadays. Data communication between different cores becomes a main problem especially when many cores need to get data from one core. Traditional Client/Server mode communication pattern tends to cause the server node to be the bottleneck and only uses the transfer path between the client and server nodes. A P2P communication model is proposed to solve this problem for a local memory based multi-core processor. It helps to alleviate the server core pressure and to form a multi-path transfer which makes full use of the bottom transfer network. Simulation results show that the proposed model provides a better performance than the traditional C/S mode communication which indicates that it is a promising communication model and can be used for other multi-core processors.
The Big 5 and relationship maintenance on Facebook

The current study examined associations between the Big 5, relationship maintenance activities on Facebook (public displays and partner surveillance), and Facebook-related relationship difficulties (conflict and jealousy). Two hundred fifty-seven individuals currently involved in romantic relationships completed an online survey assessing Facebook activity and the Big 5. Greater extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with higher frequency of displays of dyadic photographs and posts on one’s own or one’s partner’s Facebook page. High extraversion, low openness, and low conscientiousness were associated with engaging in excessive public displays on Facebook. High extraversion and neuroticism were associated with greater partner surveillance and Facebook-related conflict. Neuroticism was also associated with more Facebook-induced jealousy. Surveillance mediated the associations between these two traits and these negative outcomes. Openness and conscientiousness were associated with experiencing fewer negative outcomes of Facebook use.
Signal-subspace high-resolution direction finding based on orthogonal projections

In this paper, an orthogonal projection algorithm based on subspace estimation, referred as OPS, is presented for direction finding of narrowband plane waves in temporally and spatially white noise. Firstly, a base of signal-subspace is determined by a sequence of orthogonal projections which reach a linear complexity and guarantee maximum signal energy in the spanned signal-subspace. Then, the direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of signals are estimated by detecting intersections between the estimated signal-subspace and the scanning vector. And the QR decomposition of a special matrix comprising the signal-subspace base vectors and the scanning vector is exploited. Simulation results show that the presented algorithm outperforms the classical subspace-based high-resolution MUSIC method, especially in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Cross-layer dual-hop energy model for 802.15.4 networks in a beacon-enabled mode

802.15. 4 is a popular standard for PHY/MAC layer protocols. Now a days cross layer modelling has became a very important research issue. A combined PHY and MAC layer energy modelling in beacon enable mode for short range 802.15. 4 network is discussed here. We also consider dual hop transmission model using DF relay. In this energy model we focus on the effect of superframe structure and the other MAC layer parameters also.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Geriatric Inpatients at a German Tertiary University Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of Clinical Practice

Current iron supplementation practice in geriatric patients is erratic and lacks evidence-based recommendations. Despite potential benefits in this population, intravenous iron supplementation is often withheld due to concerns regarding pharmacy expense, perceived safety issues, and doubts regarding efficacy in elderly patients. This retrospective, observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM, Ferinject) in patients aged >75 years with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Within a twelve-month data extraction period, the charts of 405 hospitalised patients aged 65–101 years were retrospectively analysed for IDA, defined according to WHO criteria for anaemia (haemoglobin: <13.0 g/dL (m)/<12.0 g/dL (f)) in conjunction with transferrin saturation <20%. Of 128 IDA patients screened, 51 (39.8%) received intravenous iron. 38 patient charts were analysed. Mean cumulative dose of intravenous FCM was 784.4 ± 271.7 mg iron (1–3 infusions). 18 patients (47%) fulfilled treatment response criteria (≥1.0 g/dL increase in haemoglobin between baseline and hospital discharge). AEs were mild/moderate, most commonly transient increases of liver enzymes (n = 5/13.2%). AE incidence was comparable with that observed in patients <75 years. No serious AEs were observed. Ferric carboxymaltose was well tolerated and effective for correction of Hb levels and iron stores in this cohort of IDA patients aged over 75 years.
Perceptions of retirement adequacy in Lesotho: Behavioural and socio-economic influences

Orientation: Saving for retirement is complicated for employees because of the complexity of the financial decisions involved. Financial decision-making is believed to be associated with a number of behavioural and socio-economic factors, and these factors may in turn be related to whether employees perceive themselves to be adequately saving for retirement.Research purpose: This study assesses which factors predict whether individuals working in both the financial and non-financial sectors in Lesotho perceive themselves to be adequately preparing for retirement. The main focus is on financial literacy (FL), financial risk tolerance (FRT) and future time perspective (FTP). As a secondary focus, the study looks at the potential differences between two sectors of employees that may be attributed to differing levels of FL.Motivation for the study: This study focuses on Lesotho to provide an African context on retirement saving and hopefully lay the foundation for future research in the field of retirement saving.Research approach/design and method: Data were collected from 200 participants using an online survey at three companies in Lesotho and analysed using bivariate and multivariate techniques, with a linear regression model used in terms of the multivariate analysis.Main findings: This study finds that FL, FRT and FTP are all positively related to perceived retirement adequacy (RA) in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, for those working outside the financial sector, objective FL, subjective FL and FTP were positively related to perceived RA, whereas for those in the financial sector, higher levels of FTP, higher household income and being older were all associated with higher levels of perceived RA.Practical/managerial implications: The participants in this study are not representative of the broader Lesotho population; therefore, further research would be required before this conclusion is generalised.Contribution/value-add: These findings provide insights to industry role players about the profile of individuals who are confident about retirement savings and how this contrasts with those who are not confident.
A Continuous Query Index for Processing Queries on RFID Data Stream

RFID middleware systems collect and filter RFID streaming data gathered continuously by numerous readers to process requests from applications. These requests are called continuous queries because they are executed continuously during tag movement. To enhance the performance of the middleware, an index must be built to process these continuous queries efficiently. Several approaches to building an index on queries rather than data records, called query index, have been proposed and are widely used to evaluate continuous queries over streaming data. EPCglobal proposed an Event Cycle Specification (ECSpec) model, which is a de facto standard query interface for RFID applications. Continuous queries based on ECSpec consist of a large number of segments that represent the query conditions. The problem when using any of the existing query indexes on these continuous queries is that it takes a long time to build the index because it is necessary to insert a large number of segments into the index. To solve this problem, we propose an aggregate transformation that converts a group of segments into compressed data. We also propose an efficient query index scheme for the transformed space. We compare the performance of the proposed index with existing query indexes. Our experiments show that the proposed index outperforms the others on various datasets.
Finite element modeling of a thermally actuated polymer micro robotic gripper

This paper describes the structural and thermal model of a thermally actuated polymer micro robotic gripper. The basic structure for the gripper is a trimorph thermal actuator with a platinum metal heater encapsulated by parylene C polymer layers. Due to the large difference of thermal expansion coefficients of the different layers, the actuator can be actuated with much large deflection. In this paper, we present a finite-element modeling of thermal and the thermo-mechanical behavior simulation of this kind gripper.
Efficient color-to-gray conversion for digital images in gradient domain

Color-to-gray conversion for digital color images is widely used in many applications. In this paper we propose an efficient gradient domain color-to-gray conversion algorithm depending on automatic optimization of parameters. A gradient field, defined with the luminance gradient and a modulated chromatic difference enhancement in CIELAB space, is created to construct the grayscale image using a Poisson Equation Solver (PES). In order to distinguish isoluminant colors, we define a sign function for the gradient field to keep correct color ordering. In the inefficient preprocess step, the four parameters of this method are automatically optimized in the sense of human vision with a structural similarity index measurement (SSIM). Since the optimal values of parameters β, γ and α are similar for different images, we set them as empirical optimal values, and the remaining parameter θ is automatically optimized following another efficient heuristic linear separation rule. Experimental results show that our algorithm is efficient to produce perfect grayscale images which have properties of salience preserving, color discrimination and coinciding with human perception to color difference.
Securing Provenance

Provenance describes how an object came to be in its present state. Intelligence dossiers, medical records and corporate financial reports capture provenance information. Many of these applications call for security, but existing security models are not up to the task. Provenance is a causality graph with annotations. The causality graph connects the various participating objects describing the process that produced an object's present state. Each node represents an object and each edge represents a relationship between two objects. This graph is an immutable directed acyclic graph (DAG). Existing security models do not apply to DAGs nor do they easily extend to DAGs. Any model to control access to the structure of the graph must integrate with existing security models for the objects. We need to develop an access control model tailored to provenance and study how it interacts with existing access control models. This paper frames the problem and identifies issues requiring further research.
Anatomy of the Information Security Workforce

Survey results indicate that the information security workforce, one of the fastest growing subgroups in IT, is a unique professional niche with distinctive task responsibilities, job market conditions, and training needs. Given the demand for the information security workforce, this paper offers useful insight to various stakeholders, including prospective information security professionals, employers, educational institutions, and industry steering (government) authorities. Specifically, our study results should help companies, prospective information security professionals, and educational institutions alike understand the issues pertaining to this labor niche and fulfill the increasing labor demands.
Exosome-dependent and independent mechanisms are involved in prion-like transmission of propagated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase misfolding

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal adult-onset degenerative neuromuscular disorder with a poorly defined etiology, progresses in an orderly spatiotemporal manner from one or more foci within the nervous system, reminiscent of prion disease pathology. We have previously shown that misfolded mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), mutation of which is associated with a subset of ALS cases, can induce endogenous wild-type SOD1 misfolding in the intracellular environment in a templating fashion similar to that of misfolded prion protein. Our recent observations further extend the prion paradigm of pathological SOD1 to help explain the intercellular transmission of disease along the neuroaxis. It has been shown that both mutant and misfolded wild-type SOD1 can traverse cell-to-cell either as protein aggregates that are released from dying cells and taken up by neighboring cells via macropinocytosis, or released to the extracellular environment on the surface of exosomes secreted from living cells. Furthermore, once propagation of misfolded wild-type SOD1 has been initiated in human cell culture, it continues over multiple passages of transfer and cell growth. Propagation and transmission of misfolded wild-type SOD1 is therefore a potential mechanism in the systematic progression of ALS pathology.
Bang for the buck: Improvising and scheduling verification engines for effective resource utilization

In practice, verification engines have to solve many checkers in a very tight time budget, especially, when the system to be analyzed is large, with many coverage criteria. To cope with such a situation, we propose improved and light-weight verification techniques that are built over the state-of-the-art engines such as bounded model checking (BMC), induction, and guided-simulation (directed testing). Specifically, we propose using control state reachability (CSR) information—obtained from a given software system—to strengthen our induction-based proof engine. We also propose identifying and using lighthouses (or guide-posts)—intermediate control states—to simplify and reduce BMC instances, and to guide a simulation engine. We schedule these engines suitably to maximize the resource utilization. We implemented our techniques in a tool ACE, and integrated it in an industry strength software verification platform F-Soft to provide a robust and precise analysis framework. We show effectiveness of ACE on several industry and public benchmarks in a comparative study.