Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Career Decision-Making Difficulties and Help-Seeking Among Israeli Young Adults

The present research focused on the various types of support young adults consider using when making career decisions and located factors that affect their intentions to seek help. Career decision-making difficulties (assessed by the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire), self-reported intentions to seek help, and career decision status were elicited from 300 young adults deliberating about their future career. The results show that participants’ intentions to seek help were positively correlated with their career decision-making difficulties and with their career decision status. The results also show discrepancies between the perceived effectiveness of the various types of support (e.g., family and friends, career counselors, and Internet) and the participants’ intentions to use them. Young adults are more inclined to seek help from types of support that are easily accessible to them (e.g., family and friends, and the Internet), and less from those that have been proven to be beneficial (e.g., career counselors, online questionnaires).
The Institutional Arrangements of Innovation: Antecedents and Performance Effects of Trust in High‐Tech Alliances

In this study we investigate the institutional arrangements of innovation processes in high‐tech alliances, focusing on the role of trust. A major strength of the research is the opportunity to address antecedents as well as performance effects of trust. The antecedents of interorganizational trust include a shared past, detailed interfirm contracts, relational openness and mutual dependence. We control for the size and cooperative culture of the focal firm and the knowledge value of the partner firm. Data from a field study of 391 Dutch firms in high‐tech industries generally support the research model. The results provide convincing evidence to support the value of interorganizational trust in durable business relationships that strive for the development of new technological knowledge.
Acute hepatitis A virus infection in Turkey

Anti‐HAV IgM positive serum samples from acute phase hepatitis A patients from various areas in Turkey were tested for viral RNA by RT‐PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), using primer pairs from two different regions of the HAV genome. The PCR products amplified from both genomic regions underwent phylogenetic analyses. A comparison of the regions showed the same genotyping results, and the RT‐PCR‐2 in the 5′NCR demonstrated greater sensitivity compared to RT‐PCR‐1 in the VP1‐P2A region. The majority of the isolates belonged to genotype IB and are related closely to each other; however, two isolates related even more strongly to the HAV HM175 strain. Two (n = 37) RT‐PCR positive sera were classified under genotype IA. A surprising finding emerged for the mean levels of serum transaminases AST and ALT: higher levels were found in patients under 10 years of age compared to older patients. Anti‐HAV IgM levels were determined quantitatively and, in addition, the HAV‐RNA genome equivalents were ascertained by real time RT‐PCR. No evidence was found for an association between viral load and the higher transaminase levels in the younger group. J. Med. Virol. 80:785–790, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuron, a simpler theory. Solving the Hodgkin-Huxley uncertainties "Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not one bit simpler." "The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is at all comprehensible."

Neuron physiology is actually described using the well known models created by Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) and their derivatives which came later, the Fitzhugh-Nagumo (FN) equations. These attempts to understand the internal functioning of the neuron are unfortunately far from the strict Nature's observation. These equations, particularly, are unable to explain an unidirectional propagation of action potential nor they can explain accommodation or the acceleration seen in axons. These equations are unable to create an action potential without an external application of current. Because neuron is a cell and cell is an entity, it is reasonable to think that it uses the same means all along its length. This paper is about an alternative theory that explains how a neuron may function. The exposed theory is simpler than the previous ones but explains more accurately the observed phenomenons.
Intraclonal Complexity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Fractions Enriched in Recently Born/Divided and Older/Quiescent Cells

The failure of chemotherapeutic regimens to eradicate cancers often results from the outgrowth of minor subclones with more dangerous genomic abnormalities or with self-renewing capacity. To explore such intratumor complexities in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we measured B-cell kinetics in vivo by quantifying deuterium (2H)-labeled cells as an indicator of a cell that had divided. Separating CLL clones on the basis of reciprocal densities of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) and cluster designation 5 (CD5) revealed that the CXCR4dimCD5bright (proliferative) fraction contained more 2H-labeled DNA and hence divided cells than the CXCR4brightCD5dim (resting) fraction. This enrichment was confirmed by the relative expression of two cell cycle-associated molecules in the same fractions, Ki-67 and minichromosome maintenance protein 6 (MCM6). Comparisons of global gene expression between the CXCR4dimCD5bright and CXCR4brightCD5dim fractions indicated higher levels of pro-proliferation and antiapoptotic genes and genes involved in oxidative injury in the proliferative fraction. An extended immunophenotype was also defined, providing a wider range of surface molecules characteristic of each fraction. These intraclonal analyses suggest a model of CLL cell biology in which the leukemic clone contains a spectrum of cells from the proliferative fraction, enriched in recently divided robust cells that are lymphoid tissue emigrants, to the resting fraction enriched in older, less vital cells that need to immigrate to lymphoid tissue or die. The model also suggests several targets preferentially expressed in the two populations amenable for therapeutic attack. Finally, the study lays the groundwork for future analyses that might provide a more robust understanding of the development and clonal evolution of this currently incurable disease.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Signaling is Necessary for Epidermal Growth Factor Mediated Proliferation of SVZ Neural Precursors in vitro Following Neonatal Hypoxia–Ischemia

In this study, we assessed the importance of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor co-signaling for rat neural precursor (NP) cell proliferation and self-renewal in the context of a developmental brain injury that is associated with cerebral palsy. Consistent with previous studies, we found that there is an increase in the in vitro growth of subventricular zone NPs isolated acutely after cerebral hypoxia–ischemia; however, when cultured in medium that is insufficient to stimulate the IGF type 1 receptor, neurosphere formation and the proliferative capacity of those NPs was severely curtailed. This reduced growth capacity could not be attributed simply to failure to survive. The growth and self-renewal of the NPs could be restored by addition of both IGF-I and IGF-II. Since the size of the neurosphere is predominantly due to cell proliferation we hypothesized that the IGFs were regulating progression through the cell cycle. Analyses of cell cycle progression revealed that IGF-1R activation together with EGFR co-signaling decreased the percentage of cells in G1 and enhanced cell progression into S and G2. This was accompanied by increases in expression of cyclin D1, phosphorylated histone 3, and phosphorylated Rb. Based on these data, we conclude that coordinate signaling between the EGF receptor and the IGF type 1 receptor is necessary for the normal proliferation of NPs as well as for their reactive expansion after injury. These data indicate that manipulations that maintain or amplify IGF signaling in the brain during recovery from developmental brain injuries will enhance the production of new brain cells to improve neurological function in children who are at risk for developing cerebral palsy.
A Method for Developmental Assessment for German-Speaking Countries

The ET 6-6 presents a procedure for the assessment of a developmental status in children from 6 months to 6 years of age that uses experimentally based test tasks for a great variety of developmental skills. The results are shown in a multidimensional and age-specific profile. The instrument has been standardized by testing 950 children.
Computational analyses of ancient pathogen DNA from herbarium samples: challenges and prospects

The application of DNA sequencing technology to the study of ancient DNA has enabled the reconstruction of past epidemics from genomes of historically important plant-associated microbes. Recently, the genome sequences of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans were analyzed from 19th century herbarium specimens. These herbarium samples originated from infected potatoes collected during and after the Irish potato famine. Herbaria have therefore great potential to help elucidate past epidemics of crops, date the emergence of pathogens, and inform about past pathogen population dynamics. DNA preservation in herbarium samples was unexpectedly good, raising the possibility of a whole new research area in plant and microbial genomics. However, the recovered DNA can be extremely fragmented resulting in specific challenges in reconstructing genome sequences. Here we review some of the challenges in computational analyses of ancient DNA from herbarium samples. We also applied the recently developed linkage method to haplotype reconstruction of diploid or polyploid genomes from fragmented ancient DNA.
Randomization , Sums of Squares , Near-Circuits , and Faster Real Root Counting

Suppose thatf is a real univariate polynomial of degree D with exactly 4 monomial terms. We present a deterministic algorithm of complexi ty polynomial in logD that, for most inputs, counts the number of real roots of f . The best previous algorithms have complexity super-linear in D. We also discuss connections to sums of squares and Adiscriminants, including explicit obstructions to express ing positive definite sparse polynomials as sums of squares of few sparse polynomials. Our key the oretical tool is the introduction of efficiently computable chamber cones , which bound regions in coefficient space where the number of real roots of f can be computed easily. Much of our theory extends ton-variate(n+3)-nomials.
Therapeutic effects of aniracetam on cognitive deficits induced by ethanol teratogenicity: A novel treatment approach through synaptic AMPA receptor modulation

79 Introduction . 80 Research Design and Methods.82 Experimental animals and chronic treatment regimens . 82 Behavioral and developmental analysis.84 Developmental analysis . 84 Measurement of exploratory activity and novelty-seeking behavior.85 Plus Maze activity.85 Two-Way Active Avoidance (Shuttle-Box) . 86 Data analysis . 86 Results . 87 Maternal blood ethanol concentration . 87 Pregnancy outcome.87 Developmental tasks . 88 Behavioral tasks . 89 Exploratory activity and environmental adaptation.89 Effects of aniracetam on anxiety in elevated plus maze . 89 Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on learning and memory.91 Effects of aniracetam on learning and memory of offspring exposed to ethanol in utero . 91
E-Ztax: Tax Salience and Tax Rates

This paper tests the hypothesis that the salience of a tax system affects equilibrium tax rates. To do this, I analyze how toll rates change after toll facilities adopt electronic toll collection. Unlike manual toll collection, in which the driver must hand over cash at the toll collection plaza, electronic toll collection automatically debits the toll amount as the car drives through the toll plaza, thereby plausibly decreasing the salience of the toll. I find robust evidence that toll rates increase following the adoption of electronic toll collection. My estimates suggest that, in steady state, toll rates are 20 to 40 percent higher than they would have been without electronic toll collection. Consistent with the hypothesis that decreased tax salience is responsible for the increase in toll rates, I also find evidence that the short run elasticity of driving with respect to the actual toll declines (in absolute value) following the adoption of electronic toll collection. I consider a variety of alternative explanations for these results and conclude that these are unlikely to be able to explain the findings.
The second language acquisition of number and gender in Swahili: A Feature Reassembly approach

Much of the recent discussion surrounding the second language acquisition of morphology has centered on the question of whether learners can acquire new formal features. Lardiere’s (2008, 2009) Feature Reassembly approach offers a new direction for research in this area by emphasizing the challenges presented by crosslinguistic differences in the overt expression of formal features. In this study, I examine the acquisition of number and gender in Swahili by speakers of English and explore how the data can be described by a number of current approaches, including the Full Transfer Full Access Hypothesis (Schwartz and Sprouse, 1996), the Representational Deficit Hypothesis (e.g. Hawkins and Chan, 1997), and the Feature Reassembly approach. The results of an elicited production task and a written gender-assignment task indicate that learners have difficulty detecting the number feature on Swahili noun prefixes, and because of this they are initially unsuccessful at marking plurals. The findings are best described under a Feature Reassembly approach. I suggest some directions for expanding the Feature Reassembly approach in future research.
Türkiye'de Zihin Engelli Çocukların Kaynaştınİmalarına İlişkin Olarak Yapılan Araştırmaların Gözden Geçirilmesi

∗ Bu makale Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi’nin 2000, 10(2) sayısında basılmıştır. ∗∗ Prof. Dr., Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Özel Eğitim Bölümü. Eposta: seripek@anadolu.edu. tr Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi 2004, 5 (2) 25-32
Calcium waves induced by hypertonic solutions in intact frog skeletal muscle fibres

1 Regenerative Ca2+ waves and oscillations indicative of calcium‐induced calcium release (CICR) activity were induced in fully polarized, fluo‐3‐loaded, intact frog skeletal muscle fibres by exposure to hypertonic Ringer solutions. 2 The calcium waves persisted in fibres exposed to EGTA‐containing solutions, during sustained depolarization of the membrane potential or following treatment with the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR)‐blocker nifedipine. 3 The waves were blocked by the ryanodine receptor (RyR)‐specific agents ryanodine and tetracaine, and potentiated by caffeine. 4 In addition to these pharmacological properties, the amplitudes, frequency and velocity of such hypertonicity‐induced waves closely resembled those of Ca2+ waves previously described in dyspedic skeletal myocytes expressing the cardiac RyR‐2. 5 Quantitative transmission and freeze‐fracture electronmicroscopy demonstrated a reversible cell shrinkage, transverse (T)‐tubular luminal swelling and decreased T‐sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) junctional gaps in fibres maintained in and then fixed using hypertonic solutions. 6 The findings are consistent with a hypothesis in which RyR‐Ca2+ release channels can be partially liberated from their normal control by T‐tubular DHPR‐voltage sensors in hypertonic solutions, thereby permitting CICR to operate even in such fully polarized skeletal muscle fibres.
A Model for Hybrid Evidence Investigation

With the advent of Information and Communication Technologies, the means of committing a crime and the crime itself are constantly evolved. In addition, the boundaries between traditional crime and cybercrime are vague: a crime may not have a defined traditional or digital form since digital and physical evidence may coexist in a crime scene. Furthermore, various items found in a crime scene may worth be examined as both physical and digital evidence, which the authors consider as hybrid evidence. In this paper, a model for investigating such crime scenes with hybrid evidence is proposed. Their model unifies the procedures related to digital and physical evidence collection and examination, taking into consideration the unique characteristics of each form of evidence. The authors' model can also be implemented in cases where only digital or physical evidence exist in a crime scene.
BIGAP — A seamless handover scheme for high performance enterprise IEEE 802.11 networks

We demonstrate BIGAP, a novel architecture providing both high network performance as well as seamless handover in Enterprise IEEE 802.11 networks. The former is achieved by assigning different channels to co-located APs to fully utilize the available radio spectrum. The latter is achieved by providing a mechanism for below MAC-layer handover through exploiting the Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) capability in IEEE 802.11. In essence BigAP forces clients to change AP whilst they `believe' they are simply changing channel. BIGAP is fully compatible with 802.11 and requires no modifications to the wireless clients.
CD4+ T Cells Drive Goblet Cell Depletion during Citrobacter rodentium Infection

ABSTRACT Both idiopathic and infectious forms of colitis disrupt normal intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and differentiation, although the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that infection by the attaching and effacing murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium leads to a significant reduction in colonic goblet cell numbers (goblet cell depletion). This pathology depends on T and/or B cells, as Rag1 −/− mice do not suffer this depletion during infection, instead suffering high mortality rates. To address the immune mechanisms involved, we reconstituted Rag −/− mice with either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Both T cell subsets increased Rag1 −/− mouse survival during infection, with mice that received CD8+ T cells developing colonic ulcers but not goblet cell depletion. In contrast, mice that received CD4+ T cells showed goblet cell depletion in concert with exaggerated IEC proliferation. To define the possible involvement of T cell-derived cytokines, we infected gamma interferon receptor gene knockout (IFN-γR −/−) mice and wild-type mice given interleukin 17A (IL-17A) neutralizing antibodies and found that IFN-γ signaling was required for both goblet cell depletion and increased IEC proliferation. Immunostaining revealed that C. rodentium cells preferentially localized to nonhyperplastic crypts containing numerous goblet cells, whereas hyperplastic, goblet cell-depleted crypts appeared protected from infection. To address whether goblet cell depletion benefits the C. rodentium-infected host, we increased goblet cell numbers using the γ-secretase inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ), which resulted in greatly increased pathogen burdens and mortality rates. These results demonstrate that goblet cell depletion reflects host immunomodulation of IEC homeostasis and reflects a novel host defense mechanism against mucosal-adherent pathogens.
New Directions for a Japanese Academic Backbone Network

This paper describes an architectural design and related services of a new Japanese academic backbone network, called SINET5, which will be launched in April 2016. The network will cover all 47 prefectures with 100-Gigabit Ethernet technology and connect each pair of prefectures with a minimized latency. This will enable users to leverage evolving cloud-computing powers as well as draw on a high-performance platform for data-intensive applications. The transmission layer will form a fully meshed, SDN-friendly, and reliable network. The services will evolve to be more dynamic and cloud-oriented in response to user demands. Cyber-security measures for the backbone network and tools for performance acceleration and visualization are also discussed. key words: 100-Gigabit Ethernet, MPLS-TP, SDN, multi-layer network, security, cloud service, performance accelerator, network monitoring
The Use of Method Triangulation in Probation Research

Qualitative research in probation is predominantly interview-based. This article explores the use of method triangulation in Belgian probation research. At first, a methodological question remains: is the use of a wider range of methods better? Or is it simply more? Drawing from the author's experience in researching Belgian probation officers' daily work, the article concludes that using method triangulation (file analyses, interviews and observations) is a valuable approach that does not merely duplicate data, but also offers complementary insights and understandings, and can reveal some important discrepancies that might have remained uncovered through reliance on interviews alone.
DIAGNOSIS OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS IN CHILDREN WITH GASTROENTERITIS

Summary The aim of this study was to determine the isolation trends of common and emerging pathogens in children over a 12‐month period. The study group included 412 children under 6 years with diarrhoea who were either hospitalised, or seen in the outpatients department of The Sydney Children's Hospital. Pathogens were detected in 137 (33%) samples, with rotavirus most common (40%), followed by adenovirus (26%), astrovirus (12%), Campylobacter jejuni (12%), Salmonella spp. (10%) and Giardia lamblia (< 1%). Giardia‐specific antigen (GSA) was detected in 11 of 382 (3%) using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and this included four samples in which cysts of G. lamblia were detected by microscopy. Using electron microscopy (EM), viruses were detected in 29 of 120 (24%) samples from hospitalised children and 53 of 171 (31%) outpatients ( P = 0.23). Amongst this subset, Norwalklike viruses (NLVs) were detected by RT‐PCR in 10 samples including six of 14 with small round viruses, one of seven with small viral‐like particles (SVLPs), and three of 126 EMnegative samples. Lactoferrin, detected by EIA, was 59% more likely to be positive in samples infected with salmonella/ campylobacter than in samples in which bacterial pathogens were not isolated. As an indicator for infection with these bacterial agents, the assay showed a sensitivity and specificity of 95 and 40.3%, respectively. A routine microbiological analysis of stools from children of this age group should include a screen for foodborne bacterial agents and rotavirus. Tests for adenovirus, astrovirus and NLVs should be secondary.The cost‐effectiveness of including the EIAs for lactoferrin and G. lamblia in the routine testing protocol needs to be evaluated.