Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate Measurement of the Linewidth Enhancement Factor of Semiconductor Lasers by a Simple Technique

The high-frequency modulation of semiconductor laser's pump current is used in several important applications, such as high-speed data telecommunications[1], direct-modulation optoelectronic oscillators[2], optical sampling with gain-switched regimes and so forth. The linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) is the quantity that describes the coupling of phase fluctuations to intensity fluctuations and has important consequences such as laser linewidth broadening and pulse chirping. A good knowledge of the LEF is essential to predict the behavior of a modulated laser. The measurement of the LEF is tricky and many methods have been proposed, based on optical injection/feedback, on small/large signal modulation, or on spectral measurements[3]. Here we propose a novel method[4] based on the complete optical field reconstruction technique[5]. This method is of rather simple implementation and requires common opto-electronic lab instruments, i.e. a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), RF synthesizers, a RF phase shifter, a direct-modulation laser and an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), see Fig. 1a. The technique consists in modulating the source and measuring the optical spectrum for various RF delays $\tau$, and allows retrieving iteratively the spectral phase.
Comparative Study of Three Layer and Four Layer Ridge Waveguide based Glucose Biosensor

Photonic Integrated devices based biosensors are combining advantages like miniaturization, stability, high sensitivity and possibility of mass production. That is the reason, they have enormous applications in the fields such as medicine, biotechnology, environmental and drug monitoring, food quality biochemistry and many others. Most of the Biosensors in medical field were designed in the visible spectrum range of 400nm-700nm and some were designed near IR spectrum There are different biosensors based on optical properties like refractive index, absorbance, reflectance, phase shift etc. In this paper we have studied glucose biosensor designed based on the four layer ridge waveguide.
Antarctic Circumpolar Wave in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model

An Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) is simulated by a global coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Time-longitude diagrams of anomalies in sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-surface salinity (SSS) show that anomalies propágale eastward, taking 20-30 years to encircle the pole. The time taken is 2-3 times longer than indicated by observations, due to the relatively slow speed of the modelled Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). High-SSS anomalies correspond to high-SST anomalies and high-density anomalies, and thus to low sea-surface height anomalies, indicating that salinity IS a dominant factor for dynamics with in the Southern Ocean and is indispensable for understanding the mechanism of the ACW. Sea-ice formation is suppressed southward of warm, saline surface-water regions. High sea-ice concentration anomalies correspond to thick sea-ice anomalies. Empirical orthogonal function analyses of SSTanomalies for both model and observation show that the dominant mode in the Southern Ocean has a spatial pattern closely related to El Niño activity. Sea-level pressure (SLP) anomalies propagate eastward with the ACW. High SLP anomalies in the atmosphere correspond to low-density anomalies 111 the ocean. The ACC has clockwise geostrophic velocity anomalies over high-density anomaly regions with upwelling. Both heat and salt are transported from the deep layer to the surface layer by upwelling. This could suppress sea-ice formation directly. Anomalous horizontal advection of heat and salt by geostrophic velocity anomalies in the ACC appears to influence the anomalies in SST, SSS and sea ice.
Metamaterial‐enabled Fully On‐Chip Polarization‐Handling Devices

Polarization manipulation is essential in photonic integrated circuits and has numerous applications in various fields, such as optical communication, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics. Advances in nanofabrication have enabled the integration of subwavelength‐structured metamaterials on optical waveguides, providing unprecedented optical manipulation capabilities beyond classical waveguide‐based architectures. In this paper, the polarization space is demonstrated to be fully manipulated by a dielectric metamaterial composed of nanoholes and nanoslots. This approach offers competitive performances for key polarization components, including the polarizer, polarization beam splitter, and polarization‐splitter‐rotator, while maintaining ultra‐compact coupling regions of 18×1 µm2, 16×1.1 µm2, and 13×1 µm2 respectively. The devices are designed by manipulating the phase and amplitude of all possible eigenmodes supported in the waveguide, which is inherently scalable and versatile for on‐chip mode and wavefront manipulation. The unique properties of metamaterials provide powerful tools for on‐chip polarization manipulation and offer new possibilities for the development of compact and high‐performance photonic integrated circuits.
Pump–Probe Optical Response and Four-Wave Mixing in a Zinc–Phthalocyanine–Metal Nanoparticle Hybrid System

We investigate theoretically the optical response of a zinc–phthalocyanine molecular quantum system near a gold spherical nanoparticle with a radius of 80 nm. The quantum system is irradiated by a strong pump and a weak probe coherent electromagnetic field. Using the density matrix methodology, we obtain analytical expressions for the absorption, dispersion, and the four-wave-mixing coefficients. The influence of the nanoparticle on the spontaneous decay rate of the quantum system, as well as on the external fields, are obtained by an electromagnetic Green’s tensor method. The spectroscopic parameters of the molecule are also obtained by ab initio methods. For the studied optical spectra, we find that, below a critical distance between the molecule and the plasmonic nanoparticle, determined by the minimal value of the effective Rabi frequency, single-peaked spectra are observed. Above this critical distance, the spectra exhibit the characteristic Mollow-shaped profiles. The enhancement of the pump field detuning induces the shift of the sideband resonances away from the origin. Lastly, and most importantly, regardless of the value of the detuning, the optical response of the system is maximized for an intermediate value of the interparticle distance.
A Denoising Scheme for Scanned Wood Grain Images via Adaptive Color Substitution

Real-world image denoising is a challenging problem in low-level vision. In order to reduce the luminance noise on scanned wood grain images randomly generated by the Microtek Phantom 9900XL scanner, the images were classified and sorted according to the noise size. The proposed denoising scheme reduces noise by substituting dissimilar pixels within a certain window size. The No.1 to No. 6 wood images with noise size of approximately (or no greater than) 3 pixels × 3 pixels were processed using coarse denoising with a 7 × 7 window (α = 100, β = 30), fine denoising with a 5 × 5 window (α = 90, β = 40), and the Dust & Scratches filter at settings of 1 (pixels) and 35 (levels). The No.7 to No. 16 wood images with noise size of approximately (or no greater than) 1 pixel × 1 pixel were processed using fine denoising with a 5 × 5 window (α = 100, β = 30), and the Dust & Scratches filter at settings of 1 (pixel) and 35 (levels). The proposed Scheme I and II was then compared with Wiener filtering, Gaussian filtering, median filtering, and the Dust & Scratches filter under designated settings. The results of subjective and objective evaluations demonstrated that the proposed Scheme outperformed the above denoising methods on reducing the luminance noise. When using the median values of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) channels within a certain window to substitute the R, G, and B values of the luminance noise, the denoising ranges of α≥100 and β≤30 were suitable for the No.1 to No.16 wood images.
Examination of Studies on Critical Thinking in Teacher Education: a Bibliometric Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to examine the studies conducted on critical thinking in teacher education using bibliometric analysis method. Education Educational Research category of Web of Science was preferred as the database. 2,717 publications published between 1989 and 2022 were analyzed using citation, bibliographical coupling, and co-occurrence techniques. Obtained results reveal that the earliest works on critical thinking in teacher education were published in 1989. It was determined that critical thinking in teacher education was met with increased interest after 2010, and that 2019 was the year when the published papers reached a record high. An examination of the citation years of the studies showed that 2021 saw the highest number of citations. USA was found as the country with highest number of publications on critical thinking in teacher education. Most researchers publish their works on the field in the form of articles, and English is the most preferred publication language. The author with the highest citation figures in the field is found as Hwang, Gwo-Jen, while the most frequently cited work was written by Fang in 1996. Document with the highest number of links was authored by Gomez-Jarabo and Sosa in 2018. The keywords with the highest popularity in the studies of researchers in recent years, which have the highest total number of links, were identified as teacher education, higher education, education, learning, curriculum, professional development, creativity, technology, and pedagogy. In this context, researchers who will perform studies in the field are especially advised to prefer keywords with high citation rates in literature review stage. Similarly, researchers are recommended to examine the documents with high citation and link scores in the field. Finally, in their efforts to regulate teacher education policies and programs, countries are advised to find examples in national settings with high total link scores as regards critical thinking approach.
Evaluation of Stream Flow Data Observed in the Pyungchang River Basin Using the IHACRES Model

This study evaluated the runoff data collected at 12 stream gauge stations of the Chungjoo dam basin using the IHACRES model. Especially, the geomorphology-related parameters of the IHACRES model could be quantified base on the regionalization technique, which have also been applied many stream gauge stations of the Chungjoo dam basin. Summarizing the results is as follows. (1) The climate-related parameters of the IHACRES model c, , and f are found to be estimated and used uniformly over the basin. (2) The geomorphology-related parameters of the IHACRES model are found to be estimated by considering the geomorphological parameters like the basin area, channel length, channel slope, basin slope through the regionalization based on the regression analysis. (3) Using the climate-related parameters applied uniformly over the basin and the geomorphology-related parameters estimated based on the regionalization procedure for each stream gauge station, a total of 12 stream gauge stations have been evaluated with their stream flow measurements. As results, the Sanganmi and Youngwal 1 stream gauge stations have been found to make high quality flow data, but Youngwal, Baekokpo, and Panwoon stations low quality flow data. On the whole, 12 stream gauge stations considered show large differences with their data quality, so a plan for securing more consistent data quality should be prepared imminently.
Immersive 2D versus 3D: how does the form of virtual reality inspirational stimuli affect conceptual design?

Abstract This study investigates a new form of inspirational stimuli deployed in virtual reality (VR) and utilizes them in conceptual design. Compared with prior research that directly embedded 2D inspirational materials in an immersive VR space (immersive 2D), we built completely stereoscopic inspirational stimuli therein (immersive 3D) and allowed designers to generate schemes that could interact with the content of immersive 3D. The impact of expanding the dimensionality was uncovered through a comparative experiment focusing on three aspects: semantic perception, design behaviour, and emotional response. The results showed that immersive 3D stimuli encouraged designers to perceive higher-level abstract semantics, increased the frequency and duration of their observation on inspirational stimuli and affective expression behaviours, and promoted more positive emotions, which all contributed to the novelty and feasibility of design outcomes.
Detection of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Circular RNA via RT-qPCR

Circular RNA (circRNA) is an intriguing class of non-coding RNA that exists as a continuous closed loop. With the improvements in high throughput sequencing, biochemical analysis, and bioinformatic algorithms, studies on circRNA expression became abundant in recent years. However, functional studies of circRNA are still limited. Subcellular localization of circRNA may provide some clues in elucidating its biological functions by performing subcellular fractionation assay. Notably, circRNAs that are predominantly found in the cytoplasm are more likely to be involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation, e.g., acting as micoRNA sponge, whereas nuclear-retained circRNAs are predicted to play a role in transcriptional regulation. Subcellular fractionation could help researchers to narrow down and prioritize downstream experiments. The majority of the currently available protocols describe the steps for subcellular fractionation followed by western blot analysis for protein molecules. Here, we present a protocol for the subcellular fractionation of cells to detect circRNA via RT-qPCR with divergent primers. Moreover, detailed steps for the generation of specific circRNAs-enriched cDNA included in this protocol will enhance the amplification and detection of low-abundance circRNAs. This will be useful for researchers studying low-abundance circRNAs. Key features This protocol builds upon the method developed by Gagnon et al. (2014) and extends its application to circRNA study. Protocol for amplification of low levels of circRNA expression. Analysis takes into consideration the ratio of cytoplasmic RNA concentration to nuclear RNA concentration.
Development and Validation of the Oxidative Stress Related lncRNAs for Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Simple Summary Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is an aggressive disease associated with a poor prognosis. The oxidative stress-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in tumor prognosis. Our study identified seven oxidative stress-related DElncRNAs in the ESCC and build a prognostic risk model. The model exhibited an excellent ability for the prediction of overall survival (OS) and other clinicopathological traits using Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curves, receiver op-erating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the Wilcoxon test. Additionally, analysis of infiltrated immune cells and immune checkpoints indicated differences in immune status between the two risk groups. Finally, the in vitro experiments showed that PCDH9-AS1 overexpression inhibited proliferation ability and promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in ESCC cells. In conclusion, the prognostic model constructed by oxidative stress-related DElncRNAs showed good performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with ESCC and was of great significance to guide the individualized treatment of these patients. Abstract Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is an aggressive disease associated with a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and oxidative stress play crucial roles in tumor progression. We aimed to identify an oxidative stress-related lncRNA signature that could predict the prognosis in ESCC. In the GSE53625 dataset, we identified 332 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) between ESCC and control samples, out of which 174 were oxidative stress-related DElncRNAs. Subsequently, seven oxidative stress-related DElncRNAs (CCR5AS, LINC01749, PCDH9-AS1, TMEM220-AS1, KCNMA1-AS1, SNHG1, LINC01672) were selected based on univariate and LASSO Cox to build a prognostic risk model, and their expression was detected by RT-qPCR. The model exhibited an excellent ability for the prediction of overall survival (OS) and other clinicopathological traits using Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the Wilcoxon test. Additionally, analysis of infiltrated immune cells and immune checkpoints indicated differences in immune status between the two risk groups. Finally, the in vitro experiments showed that PCDH9-AS1 overexpression inhibited proliferation ability and promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in ESCC cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that a novel oxidative stress-related DElncRNA prognostic model performed favorably in predicting ESCC patient prognosis and benefits personalized clinical applications.
Enhanced soft magnetic properties in N-doped amorphous FeCo thin film

Here we report, highly resistive FeCo thin films with enhanced soft magnetic properties (low coercivity and magnetic anisotropy) by incorporating nitrogen (N) in the amorphous system. N-doped FeCo films (FeCoNx, x= 15, 17.5 and 19%) are deposited in N2+Ar environment with N2 flow rate up to 19%. Systematic magnetic and microstructural studies reveal optimum level of N2 flow (17.5%) to obtain minimum coercivity (~7.8 Oe) along hard axis of the film.
EFFECT OF BEHAVIOUR MONITORING ON SECURITY OF ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS IN TANZANIAN PUBLIC HOSPITALS

This paper assesses the effects of behaviour monitoring on the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. A total of 300 users of EHRs from six purposefully selected public hospitals in Tanzania participated in this cross-sectional study. The study was designed using an explanatory hypothesis-testing survey with a quantitative approach. Data were collected using an online survey questionnaire with five-point scale questions. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of behaviour monitoring on the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. The findings of the study revealed that behaviour monitoring had a positive significant effect on the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. Regression analysis found that, behaviour monitoring affects security of EHRs in Tanzanian public hospitals by 27.8% and was significant at 0.000, p<0.05. The study concluded that, behaviour monitoring had a positive significant effect on security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. The study recommends that, the public hospitals should ensure effective behaviour monitoring in order to ensure that, all employees comply with the information security policies, rules and procedures for adequate security controls of EHRs.
Ensemble Technique based Parkison’s Disease Detection from FOG and EEG Signals

The Human Brain consists of neurons (nerve cells) and the neurotransmitter dopamine that solely orchestrates critical body functions. However, individuals suffering from Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are often plagued with unrestrained motor dysfunctions like bradykinesia, tremors, and rigidity leaving them with postural and cognitive impairments. In this research proposal, we have aimed to predict PD by utilizing the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, with a primary focus on PD symptoms like Freezing of Gait (FOG) episodes as a potential PD indicator. The research dataset comprises EEG recordings with a total of 53 PD patients and 41 Healthy Controls (HC) from Beijing University, the University of New Mexico (UNM), and the University of Iowa (UI). Different Ensemble techniques were employed for EEG signals analysis, and the outcomes were appraised based on their performance matrices and time complexity. Our findings demonstrated that ensemble method approaches yielded impressive results with some best accuracy, precision, and recall scores of 88.47%, 89.21%, and 87.42% respectively.
Learnable Polarization-multiplexed Modulation Imager for Depth from Defocus

Estimating depth from a single snapshot image with defocus information is still a tricky problem for the ill-posedness introduced by the limited depth cues implied in the defocus images. This paper proposes a Polarization-multiplexed Modulation Imager (PoMI) to fully utilize the multiplexed polarization channels for capturing more depth cues with a single snapshot image. The polarization-dependent modulator, i.e., Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (LC-SLM), is applied to modulate the depth information into polarization channels. A differentiable polarization-dependent modulation camera model is proposed, combined with the Polarization-Driven Attention Network, to enable the joint system optimization by end-to-end training. Extensive tests have been applied to the synthetic datasets to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. A system prototype is built to conduct real experiments demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method for natural scenes.
Inverse Design of Low-Loss Subwavelength Grating Couplers

A conventional single-polarization surface grating coupler (GC) consists of periodically-defined trenches in the longitudinal direction to wave propagation. By contrast, subwavelength grating couplers (SWGCs) leverage additional degrees-of-freedom in either the longitudinal or transverse directions to wave propagation to offer improved insertion loss, bandwidth, or other metrics [1]–[4]. In this paper, as part of our broader effort to integrate machine learning methods into fab-robust photonic design [5], [6], we have optimized 8° SWGCs using our custom AI-enhanced global photonic optimization protocol called PHORCED [6]. Our design was first optimized in 2D, then converted to 3D using a custom per-period effective medium conversion model. In optimization, we parameterized longitudinal grating variables (pitch and duty cycle) with a finite Fourier series expansion [5]. We parameterized transverse grating variables by representing each grating trench with a continuous homogenized refractive index value, nhom. The objective of each optimization was the average coupling efficiency at 11 wavelengths in the $\lambda=1540\text{nm}$ to $\lambda=1560\text{nm}$ band. We assume a mode field diameter of $10.4\mu\mathrm{m}$ for the resulting Gaussian beam. The result of our 2D SWGC optimization is depicted in Fig. 1(a), where the SWGC consists of a gradual transition in the homogeneous effective index along the length of the grating, providing directionality-limited loss of 0.56dB and 40nm 1dB-bandwidth in 2D simulation.
WR-RAC: Waveform Regenerator in Real time for Audio Call

In Real time communication audio data packets transmitted via UDP are prone to loss in the Network. These losses results in audio quality degradation in form of glitches, robotic sound or breaks in audio signal on the receiver side. This raises the need for Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) Algorithms for speech waveform recovery in real time, which are efficient in terms of audio quality, power consumption and the stricter latency requirement. We have proposed Waveform Regenerator in Real time for Audio Call (WR-RAC) system for the regeneration of missing speech waveform. The proposed approach uses the Cascaded Network for waveform prediction and has less memory footprint and low inference latency. It also consumes minimal power, which is well suited for real time applications on embedded devices. Waveform Edge Smoothening (WES) post processing module is introduced to limit the effect of discontinuity at the edges between the actual received frame and the next concealed frame.