Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concurrency annotations in C++

This paper describes CA/C++, Concurrency Annotations in C++, a language extension that regu lates method invocations from multiple threads of execution in a shared-memory multiprocessor system . This system provides threads as an orthogonal element to the language, allowing them to travel throug h more than one object . Statically type-ckecked synchronous and asynchronous method invocations ar e supported, with return values from asynchronous invocations accessed through first class future-like ob jects . Method invocations are regulated with synchronization code defined in a separate class hierarchy , allowing separate definition and inheritance of synchronization mechanisms . Each method is protected b y an access flag that can be switched in pre and post-actions, and by a predicate . Both must evaluate to tru e in order to enable a thread to animate the method code . Flags and method predicates are independentl y redefinable along the inheritance chain, thus avoiding the inheritance anomaly .
Multiple Frames Matching for Object Discovery in Video

Automatic discovery of foreground objects in video sequences is important in computer vision, with applications to object tracking, video segmentation and weakly supervised learning. This task is related to cosegmentation [4, 5] and weakly supervised localization [2, 6]. We propose an efficient method for the simultaneous discovery of foreground objects in video and their segmentation masks across multiple frames. We offer a graph matching formulation for bounding box selection and refinement using second and higher order terms. It is based on an Integer Quadratic Programming formulation and related to graph matching and MAP inference [3]. We take into consideration local frame-based information as well as spatiotemporal and appearance consistency over multiple frames. Our approach consists of three stages. First, we find an initial pool of candidate boxes using a novel and fast foreground estimation method in video (VideoPCA) based on Principal Component Analysis of the video content. The output of VideoPCA combined with Edge Boxes [8] is then used to produce high quality bounding box proposals. Second, we efficiently match bounding boxes across multiple frames, using the IPFP algorithm [3] with pairwise geometric and appearance terms. Third, we optimize the higher order terms using the Mean-Shift algorithm [1] to refine the box locations and establish appearance regularity over multiple frames. We make the following contributions:
Constructing regular graphs with smallest defining number

In a given graph $G$, a set $S$ of vertices with an assignment of colors is a {\sf defining set of the vertex coloring of $G$}, if there exists a unique extension of the colors of $S$ to a $\Cchi(G)$-coloring of the vertices of $G$. A defining set with minimum cardinality is called a {\sf smallest defining set} (of vertex coloring) and its cardinality, the {\sf defining number}, is denoted by $d(G, \Cchi)$. Let $ d(n, r, \Cchi = k)$ be the smallest defining number of all $r$-regular $k$-chromatic graphs with $n$ vertices. Mahmoodian et. al \cite{rkgraph} proved that, for a given $k$ and for all $n \geq 3k$, if $r \geq 2(k-1)$ then $d(n, r, \Cchi = k)=k-1$. In this paper we show that for a given $k$ and for all $n < 3k$ and $r\geq 2(k-1)$, $d(n, r, \Cchi=k)=k-1$.
Robust image registration for multiple exposure high dynamic range image synthesis

Image registration is an important preprocessing technique in high dynamic range (HDR) image synthesis. This paper proposed a robust image registration method for aligning a group of low dynamic range images (LDR) that are captured with different exposure times. Illumination change and photometric distortion between two images would result in inaccurate registration. We propose to transform intensity image data into phase congruency to eliminate the effect of the changes in image brightness and use phase cross correlation in the Fourier transform domain to perform image registration. Considering the presence of non-overlapped regions due to photometric distortion, evolutionary programming is applied to search for the accurate translation parameters so that the accuracy of registration is able to be achieved at a hundredth of a pixel level. The proposed algorithm works well for under and over-exposed image registration. It has been applied to align LDR images for synthesizing high quality HDR images.
Component criticality analysis to minimize soft errors risk

Minimizing the risk of system failure arising from soft errors in any computer structure requires identifying those components whose failure is likely to impact on system functionality. Clearly, the degree of soft errors tolerance is not the same for all components. Hence, to improve soft errors tolerance, critical components can be flagged and measures can be taken to lower their criticalities at an early design phase. This improvement is achieved in this paper by presenting a criticality ranking (among the components) formed by combining a prediction of soft errors, the severity of them, and a propagation of the soft errors at the system modeling phase; and also by pointing out ways to apply changes in the model to minimize the risk of degradation of desired functionalities. Case study results are given to validate the approach.
Collective Document Classification with Implicit Inter-document Semantic Relationships

This paper addresses the question of how document classifiers can exploit implicit information about document similarity to improve document classifier accuracy. We infer document similarity using simple n-gram overlap, and demonstrate that this improves overall document classification performance over two datasets. As part of this, we find that collective classification based on simple iterative classifiers outperforms the more complex and computationally-intensive dual classifier approach.
Poly[tetrabutylammonium [chloridohexamethyl-μ3-sulfato-distannate(IV)]]

In the structure of the title coordination polymer, {(C16H36N)[Sn2(CH3)6Cl(SO4)]}n, the two independent SnIV atoms are coordinated in a trigonal–bipyramidal manner by three methyl groups in the equatorial plane and in the axial positions by either two O atoms of bridging SO4 2− anions or by a Cl atom and one O atom of a bridging SO4 2− anion, respectively. The [Sn2(CH3)6Cl(SO4)]− anion forms an infinite zigzag chain parallel to the c axis. The cations are situated between these chains. Two of the four butyl groups of the cation are partially disordered over two sets of sites with site occupancies of 0.79 (2):0.21 (2) and 0.75 (2):0.25 (2), respectively. Weak C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions help to consolidate the crystal packing.
Modeling of electrical activation ratios of phosphorus and nitrogen doped silicon carbide

We propose an empirical model to accurately predict electrical activation ratios of phosphorus and nitrogen implanted silicon carbide for arbitrary annealing temperatures. We introduce model parameters and compare the activation behaviour of the two donor-type dopants. Our investigations show that the activation ratio of the nitrogen implanted silicon carbide is similar to a step function, while the activation ratio for the phosphorus implanted silicon carbide increases continuously with post-implantation annealing temperature. The model has been implemented into Silvaco's Victory Process simulator, which has enabled accurate predictions of dopant activation in postimplantation steps for silicon carbide-based processes. Several simulations have been performed to extract the depth profiles of the active dopant concentrations and to predict the activation as a function of total doping concentration and annealing temperature.
Experimental H-infinity robust control of aerial vehicle flight

This paper proposes and evaluates the comparative studies between the classical controllers (PI, PD and PID) with H∞ robust control technique for an 3-DOF helicopter. The control algorithm uses a robust controllers synthesized by the H∞ loop shaping approach. The experimental results show that the robust controllers stabilize the system and reject the disturbances when the system is subjected to uncertainties of a norm lower than the maximum stability margin.
Relaciones entre motivación, emoción y rendimiento académico en universitarios

Resumen Este estudio analiza las relaciones entre motivación (valor subjetivo y control percibido), emociones académicas en clase (disfrute, esperanza, ansiedad y vergüenza) y rendimiento académico (nota media). Formaron la muestra 472 universitarios, con edades entre 17 y 38 años, que fueron evaluados en tres momentos distintos. Se realizó un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales con todas las variables. Los resultados muestran que el valor subjetivo predijo positivamente todas las emociones, mientras que el control percibido fue un predictor positivo de las emociones agradables y negativo de las desagradables. Las emociones predijeron el rendimiento, positivamente las agradables y negativamente las desagradables. Además, los efectos directos del valor subjetivo y el control percibido sobre el rendimiento fueron positivos; en cuanto a los efectos indirectos, fueron positivos y significativos para el control percibido. Se concluye discutiendo estos resultados y sus implicaciones educativas.
Influenza vaccination among college and university students: impact on influenzalike illness, health care use, and impaired school performance.

OBJECTIVE To assess influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenzalike illness (ILI) and ILI impact on health care use and school performance among college and university students. DESIGN Pooled analysis of 4 consecutive cohorts for the 2002-2003 through 2005-2006 seasons. SETTING Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota (2002-2003 through 2005-2006 seasons) and St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota (2005-2006 season). PARTICIPANTS Full-time students received e-mail invitations to participate in single-season cohorts. Internet-based surveys collected baseline (October) and follow-up (November-April) data. MAIN EXPOSURE Influenza vaccination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Proportion of students with ILI. Multivariable regression models assessed the effectiveness of vaccination for reducing ILI during months when influenza was circulating while controlling for confounders and after pooling data across the 4 cohorts. RESULTS There were 2804, 2783, 3534, and 3674 participants in the 2002-2003, 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006 cohorts respectively, and overall, 30.2% were vaccinated. In the pooled analysis, 24.1% of students experienced at least 1 ILI during influenza seasons. Vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of ILI during influenza seasons (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.89) but not during noninfluenza periods (adjusted odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.30). Vaccination was also associated with significant reductions in ILI-associated provider visits, antibiotic use, impaired school performance, and numbers of days of missed class, missed work, and illness during the influenza seasons. CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccination was associated with substantial reductions in ILI and ILI-associated health care use and impairment of school performance. College and university students can experience substantial benefits from influenza vaccinations.
Guidelines for psychological practice with older adults.

In recent years, professional psychology practice with older adults has been increasing, due both to the changing demography of our population and changes in service settings and market forces. For instance, federal legislation contained in the 1987 Omnibus Budget and Reconciliation Act (OBRA, 1987) has led to increased accountability for some mental health issues. Psychologists’ inclusion in Medicare has expanded reimbursement opportunities. For example, whereas in 1986 psychological practice in nursing homes was rare, by 1996 as many as a dozen large companies and numerous smaller organizations were providing psychological services in nursing homes. As well, clinicians and researchers have made impressive strides toward identifying the unique aspects of knowledge that facilitate the accurate psychological assessment and effective treatment of older adults, and the psychological literature in this area has been burgeoning. Unquestionably, the demand for psychologists with a substantial understanding of the clinical issues pertaining to older adults will expand in future years as the older population grows and service demands increase, and as cohorts of middle-aged and younger individuals who are attuned to psychological services move into old age (Gatz & Finkel, 1995; Koenig, George, & Schneider, 1994). General practice psychologists as well as those specifically identified as geropsychologists are interested in this area of practice. Relatively few psychologists, however, have received formal training in the psychology of aging as part of their generic training in psychology. A recent survey of American Psychological Association (APA)-member practicing psychologists indicated that the vast majority (69%) conduct some clinical work with older adults, at least occasionally, but that fewer than 30% report having had any graduate coursework in geropsychology, and fewer than 20% any supervised practicum or internship experience with older adults (Qualls, Segal, Norman, Niederehe, & Gallagher-Thompson, 2002). Many psychologists may be reluctant to work with older adults, feeling ill prepared in knowledge and skills. In the above practitioner survey (Qualls et al., 2002), a high proportion of the respondents (58%) reported that they needed further training as a basis for their work with older adults, and 70% said that they were interested in attending specialized education programs in clinical geropsychology. In other research, over half of the psychology externs and interns studied desired further education and training in this area, and 90% expressed interest in providing clinical services to older adults (Hinrichsen, 2000). As another indication of the perceived need for psychologists to acquire increased preparation for this area of practice, recent legislation in California has made graduate or continuing education coursework in aging and long-term care a prerequisite for psychology licensure (California State Senate Bill 953, 2002). In addition, the 2003 Congressional appropriation for the Graduate Psychology Education (GPE) program in
A novel method for video enhancement - RGB local context-based fusion

This paper presents a solution for image/video quality enhancement, with inputs being low quality nighttime images/videos and outputs being high quality ones. The developed approach here relies on context-based fusion, a group of solutions that need one more background image to support them, and thus, obtaining high quality results in comparison with other solutions. However, the major downside of these context-based fusion methods is too complex to apply into real-time applications, especially with high-resolution images/videos. Since they need much more hardware resources and take more time to run, thereby being hard to deploy them into dedicated hardware platforms. Due to this, our proposed method attempts to decrease the algorithm complexity in which the quality of the output images/videos is still kept. The experimental results show that our proposed method achieves both high-quality output images and time-effective results. More specifically, almost all of important information of the input nighttime images/videos is not only kept, but also enhanced, which is observed better; the vision of many unimportant dark areas of surrounds is seemly more natural; and aliasing, ghosting and haloing effects, which normally exist in previous studies, are likely to disappear. Another advantage is that the proposed method here outperforms both the Denighting method [5] and the Enhancing Dynamic Scenes in Gradient Field method [2], which is demonstrated by a comparison between processing times of these three methods with different resolutions.
Personalized Economy of Images in Social Forums: An Analysis on Supply, Consumption, and Saliency

In this work, we focus on the novel problem of analyzing individual user's behavioral patterns regarding images shared on social forums. In particular, we view diverse user activities on social multimedia services as an economy, where the first activity mode of sharing or posting is interpreted as supply, and another mode of activity such as commenting on images is interpreted as consumption. To characterize user profiles in these two behavioral modes, we propose an approach to characterize users' supply and consumption profiles based on the image content types with which they engage. We then present various statistical analyses, which confirm that there is an unexpected significant difference between these two behavioral modes. In addition, we introduce a statistical approach to identify users with salient profiles, which can be useful for social multimedia services for blocking users with undesirable behavior or viral content promotion. We showcase the benefits of the proposed saliency detection approach and its extension to detect significant key images from a complex dataset, which exhibits the inherent multi-modal nature of user bases of social multimedia services.
Evidence that a motor timing deficit is a factor in the development of stuttering.

PURPOSE To determine whether young children who stutter have a basic motor timing and/or a coordination deficit. METHOD Between-hands coordination and variability of rhythmic motor timing were assessed in 17 children who stutter (4-6 years of age) and 13 age-matched controls. Children clapped in rhythm with a metronome with a 600-ms interbeat interval and then attempted to continue to match this target rate for 32 unpaced claps. RESULTS Children who stutter did not significantly differ from children who were typically developing on mean clapping rate or number of usable trials produced; however, they produced remarkably higher variability levels of interclap interval. Of particular interest was the bimodal distribution of the stuttering children on clapping variability. One subgroup of children who stutter clustered within the normal range, but 60% of the children who stutter exhibited timing variability that was greater than the poorest performing nonstuttering child. Children who stutter were not more variable in measures of coordination between the 2 hands (mean and median phase difference between hands). CONCLUSION We infer that there is a subgroup of young stuttering children who exhibit a nonspeech motor timing deficit, and we discuss this result as it pertains to recovery or persistence of stuttering.
Randomized Assessment of Ticagrelor Versus Prasugrel Antiplatelet Effects in Patients with ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background—Ticagrelor and prasugrel provide stronger platelet inhibition compared with clopidogrel. Direct pharmacodynamic comparison between them has not yet been reported in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients. Methods and Results—In a prospective, single-center, single-blind study, 55 out of 117 (47%) screened consecutive ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to either ticagrelor 180 mg loading followed by 90 mg bid, or prasugrel 60 mg loading followed by 10 mg od for 5 days. Platelet reactivity (PR) was assessed with the VerifyNow P2Y12 function assay and the Multiplate Analyzer at 0, 1, 2, 6, 24 hours, and 5 days postrandomization. The primary end point, PR with VerifyNow at hour 1, did not differ significantly between patients randomized to ticagrelor versus prasugrel (257.3 P2Y12 reaction unit [PRU], 95% CI 230.8–283.8 versus 231.3 PRU, 95% CI 205.3–257.4; P=0.2). PR did not differ at 2, 6, and 24 hours, although at day 5 it was lower with ticagrelor than prasugrel (25.6 PRU, 95% CI 12.3–38.9 versus 50.3 PRU, 95% CI 36.4–64.1; P=0.01). At hour 2, high on-treatment PR rates (cutoff 208 PRU) were 46.2% and 34.6% for ticagrelor and prasugrel, respectively, decreased significantly thereafter, whereas did not differ significantly between the 2 agents at all the time points of the study. Conclusions—In patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, both ticagrelor and prasugrel exhibit an initial delay in the onset of their antiplatelet action. Ticagrelor did not appear superior to prasugrel in reducing PR during the first 24 hours of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01463163.
Kohonen map as a visualization tool for the analysis of protein sequences: multiple alignments, domains and segments of secondary structures

The method of Kohonen maps, a special form of neural networks, was applied as a visualization tool for the analysis of protein sequence similarity. The procedure converts sequence (domains, aligned sequences, segments of secondary structure) into a characteristic signal matrix. This conversion depends on the property or replacement score vector selected by the user. Similar sequences have small distance in the signal space. The trained Kohonen network is functionally equivalent to an unsupervised non-linear cluster analyzer. Protein families, or aligned sequences, or segments of similar secondary structure, aggregate as clusters, and their proximity may be inspected on a color screen or on paper. Pull-down menus permit access to background information in the established text-oriented way.
Diffracting trees (preliminary version)

Shared counters are among the most basic coordination structures in multiprocessor computation, with applications ranging from barrier synchronization to dynamic load balancing. Introduced in this paper are diffracting trees, novel distributed-parallel data structures for shared counting. Diffracting trees combine a randomized coordination method together with a combinatorial data structure, to yield a logarithmic depth counter that improves on the log2 depth of counting networks, and overcomes the resiliency drawbacks of combining trees. Empirical evidence collected on a simulated distributed shared-memory multiprocessor shows that diffracting trees substantially outperform both combining trees and counting networks, currently the most effective known methods for shared counting. Not only do diffracting trees have higher throughput and lower latency, but unlike any known technique, their latency remains almost constant as the number of processors increases.