Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of Zircons from an Ultrahot Orogen: The Amalgamation of the North China Craton within the Supercontinent Columbia

We report SHRIMP U‐Pb, rare earth element, Hf isotope, and laser Raman spectroscopic data on zircons from ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) granulites from the Jining Complex of the Khondalite Belt in the Western Block of the North China Craton (NCC). These UHT rocks form part of an ultrahot orogen that formed along the collisional margin of the NCC associated with the tectonics of assembly of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia. Despite the core‐rim textures displayed by some of the UHT zircons, their age values sharply converge within error, yielding weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages of ca. 1.92 Ga, indicating growth by recrystallization under extreme thermal conditions. In general, the zircons show moderate heavy rare earth element enrichment with sharp positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies. The Hf isotope data from the UHT zircons also display a fairly uniform character, with the majority of them characterized by positive ϵHf values, without any indication of mixing between reworked crust and juvenile material. The majority of mineral inclusions in the UHT zircons, as revealed by laser Raman study, also support a magmatic source. Our results confirm extreme crustal metamorphism in the NCC and suggest asthenospheric upwelling, magmatic underplating, and plume activity in response to the collision‐extension events during the final assembly of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia.
A one-dimensional model of ice shelf-ocean interaction

Large-scale oceanic circulation beneath Antarctic ice shelves is driven by the thenmohaline differences which result from mass and energy exchange at the ice-ocean interface. Dense, saline waters are drawn underneath the ice shelves and emerge, cooled and diluted, as plumes of Ice Shelf Water. A simple, one-dimensional model of this process has been developed, in which the Ice Shelf Water plume is treated as a turbulent gravity current, initiated at the inland margin by a flow of fresh meltwater emerging from beneath the grounded ice. Subsequent evolution of the plume, as it ascends along an ice shelf base of specified geometry, can be simulated. The model has been applied to a flow line on Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to explain the observed distribution and rate of basal melting and freezing. Calculations indicate that the present mean melt rate of 0.6 m yr−1 would increase to 2.6 m yr−1 if the underlying water were to warm by 0.6°C. This would not only lead to significant thinning of the ice shelf but could also cause a profound change in ocean circulation on the open continental shelf.
Estimating anisotropic aquifer parameters by artificial neural networks

In recent years, many approaches have been developed using the artificial neural networks (ANN) model incorporated with the Theis analytical solution to estimate the effective hydrological parameters for homogeneous and isotropic porous media, such as the Lin and Chen approach (ANN approach) and the principal component analysis (PCA)‐ANN approach. The above methods assume a full superimposition of the type curve and the observed drawdown and try to use the first time‐drawdown data as a match point to make a fine approximation of the effective parameters. However, using first time‐drawdown data or early time‐drawdown data does not always allow for an accurate estimation of the hydrological parameters, especially for heterogeneous and anisotropic aquifers. Therefore, this article corrects the concept of the superimposed plot by modifying the ANN approach and the PCA‐ANN approach, as well as incorporating the Papadopoulos analytical solution, to estimate the transmissivities and storage coefficient for anisotropic, homogeneous aquifers. The ANN model is trained with 4000 training sets of the well function, and tested with 1000 sets and 300 sets of synthetic time‐drawdown generated from the homogeneous and heterogeneous parameters, respectively. In situ observation data from the time‐drawdown at station Shi‐Chou on the Choushui River alluvial fan, Taiwan, is further adopted to test the applicability and reliability of the proposed methods, as well as provide a basis for comparison with the Straight‐line method and the Type‐curve method. Results suggest that both of the modified methods perform better than the original ones, and using late time‐drawdown to optimize the effective parameters is shown to be better than using early time‐drawdown. Additionally, results indicate that the modified ANN approach is better than the modified PCA‐ANN approach in terms of precision, while the efficiency of the modified PCA‐ANN approach is approximately three times better than that of the modified ANN approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
European‐wide simulations of croplands using an improved terrestrial biosphere model: 2. Interannual yields and anomalous CO2 fluxes in 2003

[1] Aiming at producing improved estimates of carbon source/sink spatial and interannual patterns across Europe (35% croplands), this work uses the ORCHIDEE-STICS terrestrial biosphere model including a more realistic representation of croplands, described in part 1 (Smith et al., 2010). Crop yield is derived from annual Net Primary Productivity and compared with wheat and grain maize harvest data for five European countries. Over a 34 year period, the best correlation coefficient obtained between observed and simulated yield time series is for irrigated maize in Italy (R = 0.73). In the data as well as in the model, 1976 and 2003 appear as climate anomalies causing a ≈40% yield drop in the most affected regions. Simulated interannual yield anomalies and the spatial pattern of the yield drop in 2003 are found to be more realistic than the results from ORCHIDEE with no representation of croplands. The simulated 2003 anomalous carbon source from European ecosystems to the atmosphere due to the 2003 summer heat wave is in good agreement with atmospheric inversions (0.20GtC, from May to October). The anomaly is twice too large in the ORCHIDEE alone simulation, owing to the unrealistically high exposure of herbaceous plants to the extreme summer conditions. The mechanisms linking abnormally high summer temperatures, the crop productivity drop, and significant carbon source from European ecosystems in 2003 are discussed. Overall, this study highlights the importance of accounting for the specific phenologies of crops sown both in winter and in spring and for irrigation applied to summer crops in regional/global models of the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Metagenomics analysis reveals presence of the Merida-like virus in Georgia

Arbovirus surveillance is fundamental for the discovery of novel viruses and prevention of febrile vector-borne illnesses. Vector-borne pathogens can rapidly expand and adapt in new geographic and environmental conditions. In this study, metagenomic surveillance was conducted to identify novel viruses in the Country of Georgia. A total of 521 mosquitoes were captured near a military training facility and pooled from species Culex pipiens (Linnaeus) (87%) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (13%). We decided to further analyze the Culex pipiens mosquitoes, due to the more extensive number of samples collected. Our approach was to utilize an unbiased total RNA-seq for pathogen discovery in order to explore the mosquito virome. The viral reads from this analysis were mostly aligned to Insect-specific viruses from two main families, the Iflaviridae; a positive-stranded RNA virus and the Rhabdoviridae; a negative- and single-stranded RNA virus. Our pathogen discovery analysis revealed viral reads aligning to the Merida-like virus Turkey (MERDLVT) strain among the Rhabdoviridae. To further validate this result, we conducted a BLAST sequence comparison analysis of our samples with the MERDLVT strain. Our positive samples aligned to the MERDLVT strain with 96–100% sequence identity and 99.7–100% sequence coverage. A bootstrapped maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was used to evaluate the evolutionary relationships among these positive pooled specimens with the (MERDLVT) strain. The Georgia samples clustered most closely with two strains from Turkey, the Merida-like virus KE-2017a isolate 139-1-21 and the Merida-like virus Turkey isolate P431. Collectively, these results show the presence of the MERDLVT strain in Georgia.
Extraction of Nucleotides from Dietary Supplements by Newly Synthesized Adsorbents

The aim of the study was the synthesis and application of novel adsorbents for the extraction of nucleotides from dietary supplements. Three different adsorbents modified with a silane containing two amine groups and various dicarboxylic acids were synthesized and characterized using various instrumental techniques. Next, different solvents were tested for their adsorption and desorption of five nucleotides. The results showed that the efficiency of both processes depends on the conditions used and the type of dicarboxylic acid bound to the surface of the adsorbent. The best results were obtained for succinic acid. The most effective adsorption occurred for water acidified with acetic acid to pH 4.5, while the highest recoveries (85–102%) with high reproducibility were obtained for 10 mM ammonium acetate at pH 9. The nucleotide extraction was performed simply by changing the charge at the adsorbent surface, providing the possibility of electrostatic attraction and repulsion between the adsorbent and nucleotides. Moreover, the sorption capacity of the obtained materials was also determined, which was essential for their use in extracting nucleotides from real samples by dispersive extrusion to the solid phase. The new adsorbents and the developed extraction method were successfully applied to isolate nucleotides from two different dietary supplements with different compositions (one of them with yeast strains). The method is simple and reproducible; no organic solvents or high-concentration inorganic salts are used (it is environmentally friendly). The entire process is performed in one centrifuge tube and is cheaper compared with methods used so far.
The effectiveness of intermittent theta burst stimulation for upper limb motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a promising noninvasive therapy to restore the excitability of the cortex, and subsequently improve the function of the upper extremities. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of iTBS in restoring upper limb function and modulating cortical excitability. We aimed to evaluate the effects of iTBS on upper limb motor recovery after stroke. Objective The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of intermittent theta-burst stimulation on upper limb motor recovery and improve the quality of life. Method A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CBM, including only English studies, to identify studies that investigated the effects of iTBS on upper limb recovery, compared with sham iTBS used in control groups. Effect size was reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) or weighted mean difference (WMD). Results Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that when compared to the control group, the iTBS group had a significant difference in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) (WMD: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.97; WMD: 3.72, 95% CI: 2.13 to 5.30, respectively). In addition, there was also a significant improvement in the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) compared to the sham group (WMD: −0.56; 95% CI: −0.85 to −0.28). More evidence is still needed to confirm the effect of Barthel Index (BI) scores after interventions. However, no significant effect was found for the assessment of Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) amplitude and MEP latency (SMD: 0.35; 95% CI: −0.21 to 0.90; SMD: 0.35, 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.87; SMD: 0.03, 95% CI: −0.49 to 0.55; respectively). Conclusion Our results showed that iTBS significantly improved motor impairment, functional activities, and reduced muscle tone of upper limbs, thereby increasing the ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in stroke patients, while there were no significant differences in MEPs. In conclusion, iTBS is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation as an adjunct to therapy and enhances the therapeutic effect of conventional physical therapy. In the future, more randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes, high quality, and follow-up are necessary to explore the neurophysiological effects. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023392739.
Strain-rate formulation of ice fabric evolution

Abstract Reorientation of individual crystal-glide planes as isotropic surface ice is deformed during its passage to depth in an ice sheet, lattice rotation, creates a fabric and associated anisotropy. A simple macroscopic description is that these material glide planes are rotated towards planes normal to an axis of compression, and away from planes normal to an axis of extension, inducing an instantaneous orthotropic viscous response with reflexional symmetries in the planes orthogonal to the current principal stretch axes. An orthotropic viscous law is presented for the strain rate expressed in terms of the deviatoric stress, the deformation, and three structure tensors based on the principal stretch axes. This anisotropic relation is expressed in terms of a single fabric response function in addition to the isotropic ice viscosity. The predicted responses in uniaxial compression and simple shear are determined. While the uniaxial response yields an explicit relation between the axial strain rate and stress, it is found that the shear response is governed by three, complicated, coupled relations between the shear strain rate and three deviatoricstress components. The new result derived here is the solution of this system: an explicit relation between the shear strain rate and shear stress. Correlation of these relations with idealized uniaxial and shear responses is then used to determine the required fabric function in the model law.
Effects of fire and torrential rainfall on erosion in a Mediterranean gorse community

Wildland fires and torrential rainfall are important factors affecting Mediterranean nature and human society. In this paper, we investigate their combined impact on a fire‐prone vegetation community at the east coast of Spain. Our results show that shrub cover provides an effective control of erosion even under simulated extreme rainfall events. After fire, soil erosion increased noticeably; however, the amount of sediment produced varied greatly, which can be explained by variations in fire severity. The quantity of litter debris after the fire plays a decisive role in controlling the erosion that follows. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC IMPAIRMENTS OF PERSON WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Understanding Alzheimer's disease affecting the communication ability can be done through investigating the language impairment of the sufferers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the language impairments of person with Alzheimer’s disease as represented in The Father movie. It focused on the semantic and pragmatic impairment in the speech produced by Anthony as the main character with Alzheimer’s disease. Qualitative method is employed to get a deep understanding of the language impairments. The findings of this study indicated that the types of semantic impairments found are: errors in verbal fluency, difficulty in word comprehension, empty speech, word retrieval difficulty, semantic paraphasia, and naming difficulty. In addition, the types of pragmatic impairments found are repeating ideas, speaking too loudly, talking excessively at inappropriate times, and deviating from the topic. These findings have important implications for healthcare professionals and caregivers who work with people with Alzheimer's disease. By understanding the specific language impairments experienced by people with this condition, they can develop effective communication strategies that take into account the person's individual needs and abilities. Furthermore, more people can help to support the sufferer of Alzheimer's disease and enhance their well-being and social connections.
Acknowledging the Emergence of a New Logic: The Regulation of Healthcare in Brazil

Studies of institutional change have focused on several themes. Yet, examinations of small innovations still require attention. This question is important because a new logic is usually only recognized after several modifications have taken place; thus, noticing it early becomes relevant. The emergence of a new logic presupposes new prescriptions about what is appropriate for both businesses and society. This article examines Brazilian health regulations that have undergone several alterations and suggests that this occurrence can be identified only when actors begin to react to the impact of such an event by changing their daily practices.
Experimental breakdown of staurolite + inclusions of albite and muscovite at 800°C and 0.1 GPa

Abstract Experimental breakdown of staurolite + inclusions of albite and muscovite (representing an aluminous Fe-rich metapelitic composition) occurs within the KNFMASH system at 800°C and 0.1 GPa under fluid-present conditions over periods of 2 days to 8 weeks. The overall melt-producing reaction is staurolite + muscovite + plagioclase + vapour = hercynite + corundum + mullite + quartz + liquid, and involves three reactions; staurolite + vapour = hercynite + corundum + quartz + liquid, albite + vapour = mullite + liquid, and muscovite + vapour = mullite + liquid. Melt (glass) compositions are siliceous (77.2-64.5 wt.% SiO2), peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.5-5.5), and have granite-trondjhemite compositions in terms of normative Ab-Ab-Or contents. Textures indicate that quartz formed later than corundum. The corundum + quartz + hercynite assemblage after staurolite is considered to be metastable and only likely to be found in nature where staurolite-bearing rocks have undergone rapid heating and melting followed by quenching.
Restoration of out-of-focus images based on circle of confusion estimate

In this paper a new method for a fast out-of-focus blur estimation and restoration is proposed. It is suitable for CFA (Color Filter Array) images acquired by typical CCD/CMOS sensor. The method is based on the analysis of a single image and consists of two steps: 1) out-of-focus blur estimation via Bayer pattern analysis; 2) image restoration. Blur estimation is based on a block-wise edge detection technique. This edge detection is carried out on the green pixels of the CFA sensor image also called Bayer pattern. Once the blur level has been estimated the image is restored through the application of a new inverse filtering technique. This algorithm gives sharp images reducing ringing and crisping artifact, involving wider region of frequency. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the method, both in subjective and numerical way, by comparison with other techniques found in literature.
Airborne gas chromatograph for in situ measurements of long‐lived species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

A new instrument, the Airborne Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species IV (ACATS-IV), for measuring long-lived species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is described. Using an advanced approach to gas chromatography and electron capture detection, the instrument can detect low levels of CFC-11 (CCl 3 F), CFC-12 (CCl 2 F 2 ), CFC-113 (CCl 2 F-CClF 2 ), methyl chloroform (CH 3 CCl 3 ), carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), nitrous oxide N 2 O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), Halon-1211 (CBrClF 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), and methane (CH 4 ) acquired in ambient samples every 180 or 360 s. The instrument operates fully-automated onboard the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft on flights lasting up to 8 hours or more in duration. Recent measurements include 24 successful flights covering a broad latitude range (70°S-61°N) during the Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment/Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft (ASHOE/ MAESA) campaign in 1994.
Simplified wavelet estimation using source-signature measurements

The problem of vertical resolution is to determine the wavelet at the target. Mis-ties at wells of ±20 ms are normal in the best 3-D seismic data, and they present no simple pattern. The seismic wavelet in poststack 3-D data clearly varies both laterally and vertically. The lateral variations are caused by two effects: shot-to-shot and line-to-line variations in acquisition parameters (especially source-signature variations) and prestack, trace-dependent filtering processes (such as predictive deconvolution). The vertical variations are caused by attenuation in the earth. The approach described in this paper is to eliminate the lateral variations in acquisition using independent measurements of the source wavefield and to ensure that any trace-dependent filtering has no effect on the wavelet. Vertical variations are then tackled as a separate problem. This approach provides a firm framework within which to interpret subtle stratigraphy.
Inventory Cost Reduction with Economic Order Quantity for Filter Spare Part in Aircraft Filling Depot

Filter is one of the spare parts playing an important role in maintaining the quality of aviation fuel. Filter replacement is increasingly being carried out when the frequency of aviation fuel distribution is higher. Therefore, it is necessary to control the filter level of inventory. This research aimed to design filter ordering schemes by Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and to reduce the inventory cost for filter in aircraft filling depot. This research was conducted in one of aircraft filling depot in Indonesia. The data regarding filter demand, lead time, ordering cost, and carrying cost were collected from the depot’s documents. Several steps were conducted to achieve the purposes of the research including classifying filter category by ABC method, calculating optimal order quantity, order frequency, safety stock, reorder point, and inventory cost. The inventory cost calculated by EOQ was then compared to the actual inventory cost incurred in the depot to determine the inventory cost reduction. The implementation of EOQ enabled the depot to reduce its inventory cost by Rp8.348. 848,20 or there was a 73,22 percent inventory cost reduction. The EOQ used in this research was adapted to the difficulties of the depot to predict the demand of filters. The probabilistic EOQ used in this research was expected to be the contribution from this research since this method tended to be used in the uncertainty condition. Based on this method, the safety stock was calculated as a way to reduce the uncertainty demand and the risk of filter shortage.
Infrared absorption by volcanic stratospheric aerosols observed by ISAMS

The Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) senses in 14 wideband channels in the infrared. The absorption by the Mt. Pinatubo aerosol cloud for nine of the channels was averaged over heights from 20 km to 30 km for a 60° latitude band centred on the Equator. The absorption spectrum for sulphuric acid-water aerosols was calculated for wavelengths from 4 μm to 17 μm and investigated as a function of the particle size distribution and the particle composition. The infrared spectrum is shown to be more sensitive to changes in particle composition than to drop size; the ISAMS results are consistent with drops composed of a 59% to 77% solution of sulphuric acid in water.