Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The equivalence conditions of Wavelet Shrinkage and Anisotropic Diffusion and it's application in denosing

The Wavelet Shrinkage distinguish between signals and noises according to their wavelet coefficient's amplitude, thus removing noises from noised signals by means of shrinkage. Anisotropic Diffusion diffuse signals according to gradient's direction and amplitude by different degree at different direction, removing the noises from noised signals while protecting signals. In this paper, the equivalence condition of Wavelet Shrinkage and Anisotropic Diffusion was proposed. Then the signals denoising algorithm based on the equivalence of Wavelet Shrinkage and Anisotropic Diffusion was proposed. The results show that the new algorithm combines the advantage of Wavelet Shrinkage and Anisotropic Diffusion, therefore it possesses the better ability of denoising and keeping the high frequency property of signals.
Improvements to TM6 with a Robust Visual Descriptor – Proposal from University of Surrey and Visual Atoms

This document presents an improved global descriptor, the Robust Visual Descriptor (RVD). Our proposed global descriptor results in an improvement of the overall performance of the Test Model TM6 in both pairwise matching and retrieval, showing exceptional performance improvements in the non-planar 3D objects experiments, where the TM currently underperforms. Furthermore, our proposed global descriptor reduces the memory required in the encoder by ~25%. Finally, the proposed method entails a very simple control mechanism for the global descriptor matching process, using just a single threshold to control the balance between True Positive (TPR) and False Positive (FPR) rates in pairwise matching.
A Robust Localization Algorithm for Mobile Robots with Laser Range Finders

We present a robust localization algorithm for mobile robots with laser range finders, which takes feature based approach for reliable matching process as well as point based approach for accurate and stable pose calculation. An efficient sequential segmentation algorithm is suggested, which also performs least square fitting processes simultaneously. Hence robust line segment features can be obtained with much less computation time. A novel cost function for pose calculation is suggested and formulated, which makes it possible to compute the location and orientation accurately and reliably. We examined the validity of the proposed algorithm with various simulations and experiments, and revealed its robustness and accuracy compared to other typical localization algorithms. The results show that the localization error of the proposed algorithm is 40% to 80% less than conventional localization algorithms.
Impaired GABAergic transmission disrupts normal homeostatic plasticity in rat cortical networks

In the cortex, homeostatic plasticity appears to be a key process for maintaining neuronal network activity in a functional range. This phenomenon depends on close interactions between excitatory and inhibitory circuits. We previously showed that application of a high frequency of stimulation (HFS) protocol in layer 2/3 induces parallel potentiation of excitatory and inhibitory inputs on layer 5 pyramidal neurons, leading to an unchanged excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. These coordinated long‐term potentiations of excitation and inhibition correspond to homeostatic plasticity of the neuronal networks. We showed here, on the rat visual cortex, that blockade (with gabazine) or overactivation (with 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]pyridin‐3‐ol) of GABAA receptors enhanced the E/I balance and prevented the potentiation of excitatory and inhibitory inputs after an HFS protocol. These impairements of the GABAergic transmission led to a long‐term depression‐like effect after an HFS protocol. We also observed that the blockade of inhibition reduced excitation (by 60%), and conversely, the blockade of excitation decreased inhibition (by 90%). These results support the idea that inhibitory interneurons are critical for recurrent interactions underlying homeostatic plasticity in cortical networks.
Barriers in ( Vector ) Space : A Clustering Approach to Web Accessibility Evaluation

The analysis of web accessibility data generated by automatic evaluation can have many different objectives. This paper explores the application of unsupervised machine learning algorithms to intentify underlying structures of the data. It also introduces the theoretical background for clustering experiments. The experimental results give interesting new insights into the data. In the future this might lead to optimised assessment methods and analysis approaches.
Performance Evaluation of a Queueing Model with Two Component Mixture of Doubly Truncated Exponential Service Times

-In this paper, we introduce and analyze a new queueing model with the assumption that the service time of the customer follows a two component mixture of doubly truncated exponential distribution. The doubly truncated two component mixture distribution is capable of characterizing the heterogeneous and finite range nature of the service time. This service time distributions also includes two component mixture of exponential service time, doubly truncated exponential time and exponential service time queuing models as limiting/particularcases. Assuming the arrival process follows a Poison process and using the embedded markov chain technique the system behaviour is analyzed. Explicit expressions for the system performance like average number of customers in the system and in the queue, average waiting time of a customer in the queue, the throughput of the service station, the probability of the idleness of the service etc,. are derived. Through numerical illustration, the sensitivity of the model performance measures with respect to the changes in the model parameter is also studied.
Saturation of recognition elements blocks evolution of new tRNA identities

The size of the genetic code is limited by the ability of transfer RNAs to acquire new identities. Understanding the principles that led to the current complexity of the genetic code is a central question in evolution. Expansion of the genetic code required the selection of new transfer RNAs (tRNAs) with specific recognition signals that allowed them to be matured, modified, aminoacylated, and processed by the ribosome without compromising the fidelity or efficiency of protein synthesis. We show that saturation of recognition signals blocks the emergence of new tRNA identities and that the rate of nucleotide substitutions in tRNAs is higher in species with fewer tRNA genes. We propose that the growth of the genetic code stalled because a limit was reached in the number of identity elements that can be effectively used in the tRNA structure.
Thermal Physiology and Vertical Zonation of Intertidal Animals: Optima, Limits, and Costs of Living1

Abstract Temperature's pervasive effects on physiological systems are reflected in the suite of temperature-adaptive differences observed among species from different thermal niches, such as species with different vertical distributions (zonations) along the subtidal to intertidal gradient. Among the physiological traits that exhibit adaptive variation related to vertical zonation are whole organism thermal tolerance, heart function, mitochondrial respiration, membrane static order (fluidity), action potential generation, protein synthesis, heat-shock protein expression, and protein thermal stability. For some, but not all, of these thermally sensitive traits acclimatization leads to adaptive shifts in thermal optima and limits. The costs associated with repairing thermal damage and adapting systems through acclimatization may contribute importantly to energy budgets. These costs arise from such sources as: (i) activation and operation of the heat-shock response, (ii) replacement of denatured proteins that have been removed through proteolysis, (iii) restructuring of cellular membranes (“homeoviscous” adaptation), and (iv) pervasive shifts in gene expression (as gauged by using DNA microarray techniques). The vertical zonation observed in rocky intertidal habitats thus may reflect two distinct yet closely related aspects of thermal physiology: (i) intrinsic interspecific differences in temperature sensitivities of physiological systems, which establish thermal optima and tolerance limits for species; and (ii) ‘cost of living’ considerations arising from sub-lethal perturbation of these physiological systems, which may establish an energetics-based limitation to the maximal height at which a species can occur. Quantifying the energetic costs arising from heat stress represents an important challenge for future investigations.
AP-2/Eps15 Interaction Is Required for Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

We have previously shown that the protein Eps15 is constitutively associated with the plasma membrane adaptor complex, AP-2, suggesting its possible role in endocytosis. To explore the role of Eps15 and the function of AP-2/Eps15 association in endocytosis, the Eps15 binding domain for AP-2 was precisely delineated. The entire COOH-terminal domain of Eps15 or a mutant form lacking all the AP-2–binding sites was fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and these constructs were transiently transfected in HeLa cells. Overexpression of the fusion protein containing the entire COOH-terminal domain of Eps15 strongly inhibited endocytosis of transferrin, whereas the fusion protein in which the AP-2–binding sites had been deleted had no effect. These results were confirmed in a cell-free assay that uses perforated A431 cells to follow the first steps of coated vesicle formation at the plasma membrane. Addition of Eps15-derived glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins containing the AP-2–binding site in this assay inhibited not only constitutive endocytosis of transferrin but also ligand-induced endocytosis of epidermal growth factor. This inhibition could be ascribed to a competition between the fusion protein and endogenous Eps15 for AP-2 binding. Altogether, these results show that interaction of Eps15 with AP-2 is required for efficient receptor-mediated endocytosis and thus provide the first evidence that Eps15 is involved in the function of plasma membrane–coated pits.
Reformulating R(*, m)C with Tree Decomposition

Local consistency properties and algorithms for enforcing them are central to the success of Constraint Processing. Recently, we have demonstrated the importance of higher levels of consistency and the effectiveness of their algorithms for solving difficult problems (Karakashian et al. 2010; Woodward et al. 2011). In this paper, we introduce two reformulation techniques for improving the effectiveness of our algorithm for the relational consistency property R (*, m ) C (Karakashian et al. 2010). Both techniques exploit a tree decomposition of the constraint network of a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP), which is a tree embedding of the network. Our first reformulation technique exploits the structure of the decomposition tree and the state of the backtrack search to omit unnecessary steps from our algorithm and improve its performance. Our second contribution is new relational consistency property called T-R (*, m, z ) C that is strictly stronger than R (*, m ) C. This property is achieved by modifying the structure of the constraint network and adding new redundant constraints to the CSP at the intersection of two vertices of the tree decomposition (Rollon and Dechter 2010). We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed two reformulations for finding all the solutions of a CSP using the technique known as Backtracking with Tree Decomposition (BTD) (Jegou and Terrioux 2003).
Human 28s rRNA 5’ terminal derived small RNA inhibits ribosomal protein mRNA levels

Recent small RNA (sRNA) high-throughput sequencing studies reveal ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) as major resources of sRNA. By reanalyzing sRNA sequencing datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we identify 28s rRNA 5’ terminal derived sRNA (named 28s5-rtsRNA) as the most abundant rRNA-derived sRNAs. These 28s5-rtsRNAs show a length dynamics with identical 5’ end and different 3’ end. Through exploring sRNA sequencing datasets of different human tissues, 28s5-rtsRNA is found to be highly expressed in bladder, macrophage and skin. We also show 28s5-rtsRNA is independent of microRNA biogenesis pathway and not associated with Argonaut proteins. Overexpression of 28s5-rtsRNA could alter the 28s/18s rRNA ratio and decrease multiple ribosomal protein mRNA levels. Our results reveal that 28s5-rtsRNA serves as a key regulator in ribosomal protein expression.
Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among the prison inmates: An investigation of the executive function differences and comorbidity effects

Abstract Objective Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders that often persist into adulthood. ADHD is associated with a high percentage of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Studies indicate that ADHD is prevalent among inmates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the executive functions (EFs), that is, inhibition and working memory among inmates with and without ADHD after controlling for comorbidity effects. Method Through stratified sampling method, 60 adult male inmates (30 with ADHD and 30 without ADHD) were selected on a voluntary basis and were matched for age and education. We compared the groups on measures of neuropsychological tests battery and self‐rated comorbidities. Results Prior to controlling for the effects of comorbid disorders, the ADHD and non‐ADHD groups showed significant differences on several measures of attention; however, only the classic Stroop test interference score remained significant after controlling for the effect of the comorbid disorders. The group comparisons on the measures of memory remained unaffected from before to after controlling for the effects of the six comorbid disorders. Conclusions Specific comorbid disorders may exacerbate the poor performance of prison inmates with ADHD on the tests of attention, but their performance on the tests of memory could remain unaffected by their comorbidity symptoms. We recommend replicating the study with ADHD participants with no criminal history.
A Holocene-Late Pleistocene geomagnetic inclination record from Grandfather Lake, SW Alaska

SUMMARY Our study of lake sediments from Grandfather Lake in SW Alaska (N59.8181 ◦ , W158.5597 ◦ ) yields the first geomagnetic inclination record for Alaska that spans the entire Holocene. The record is based on three overlapping sets of piston cores and is well dated by seven AMS radiocarbon dates. Its magnetic component consists of PSD (5‐15 µm) magnetite that occurs in concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 ppm. Some samples may also contain titanomagnetite (TM30) as a minor component. Variations in the concentration of magnetic minerals are caused by changes in sediment source and organic productivity. The magnetic inclination record shows several features between present and 15 ka BP, which shed light on the short-term behaviour of the geomagnetic field at high latitudes and can be used for site correlations. A distinct drop in inclination near 12 ka BP is a record of a possible local magnetic excursion.
On the capability of GAs to obtain families of codes with good correlation properties

In the last years, some works have appeared that propose the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to obtain families of binary sequences with good correlation properties. In this paper, one of those approaches is analyzed with a double objective. First, the results obtained by GAs are compared with a set of optimal Kasami sequences, one of the best solutions known until now. Second, the convenience of considering, in the GA objective function the filtering effect of the transducers, a process that notably increases the total computing, is investigated. Finally, the performance of one of the families obtained with the GA is shown applied to a particular sensory system based on ultrasonic technology.
The impact of genome‐wide association studies on the pathophysiology and therapy of cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes for death worldwide. Genetic disposition jointly with traditional risk factors precipitates their manifestation. Whereas the implications of a positive family history for individual risk have been known for a long time, only in the past few years have genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) shed light on the underlying genetic variations. Here, we review these studies designed to increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. We focus on the newly established pathways to exemplify the translation from the identification of risk‐related genetic variants to new preventive and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease.
Developmental trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood: personal predictors.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between early adolescent personal characteristics and the developmental trajectories of marijuana use extending from early adolescence to adulthood. DESIGN This study used a longitudinal design. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires administered by trained interviewers. SETTING Interviews were conducted in the participants' homes in upstate New York. PARTICIPANTS Participants were drawn from a randomly selected cohort and were studied prospectively since 1975 (T1) at a mean age of 6 years. The follow-up data used for this study were collected at 6 time points when the participants were aged between 14 and 37 years in 1983 (T2), 1985-1986 (T3), 1992 (T4), 1997 (T5), 2002 (T6), and 2005-2006 (T7). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Developmental trajectories of marijuana use. RESULTS Semiparametric group-based modeling and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The following 5 distinct trajectories of marijuana use were identified: nonusers or experimenters, occasional users, quitters or decreasers, increasing users, and chronic users. Chronic users compared with other groups studied (nonusers or experimenters, occasional users, quitters or decreasers, and increasing users) reported low self-control, externalizing behavior, and an orientation to sensation seeking. CONCLUSIONS Personal attributes of low self-control, externalizing behavior, and an orientation to sensation seeking have long-term predictive power for distinct trajectories of marijuana use over time. The importance of these findings for prevention and treatment programs is discussed.
Notice of RetractionThe Research of Metacognitive Theorys Training on English Self-efficacy

In recent years, second language teaching and learning strategies have always been attracting people's interests. As one of the most effective learning strategies, metacognitive strategies have been proved to be the high-order executive skill, and it is very important in language learning. In this paper, a methodology is conducted to explore the general use of metacognitive strategies among 8 freshmen of Hebei University of Engineering. The major funding are as follows: seven subjects uses of MS strategies and six subjects' English self-efficacy improved after training, which proves the effectiveness of this training, and the impact of this training on English self-efficacy.
Evolutionary computation in artificial board game playing through genetic weight evolution

Artificial Intelligence researchers have witnessed substantial implementation of evolutionary computation in test-bed application domain like board games to evolve game playing programs. A genetic algorithm is a methodology to "instill" and “tune” deterministic board game playing computer program. Evolutionary computation aims to solve problems that have very high search complexity and critical decision complexity. Game playing programs aims to play better by exploiting various possible moves by associating them with their “goodness” based on their weight values. These weights are given to specific disc positions squares according to board game feature based positional prominence. The weights are genetically evolved to arrive at move making decision. This paper focuses the application of disc set weight evolving through genetic operators induced for the Game of Othello.
ZD6474 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor growth following oral administration.

ZD6474 [N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]quinazolin-4-amine]is a potent, p.o. active, low molecular weight inhibitor of kinase insert domain-containing receptor [KDR/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2] tyrosine kinase activity (IC(50) = 40 nM). This compound has some additional activity versus the tyrosine kinase activity of fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 (VEGFR3;IC(50) = 110 nM) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1; IC(50) = 500 nM) and yet demonstrates selectivity against a range of other tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases. The activity of ZD6474 versus KDR tyrosine kinase translates into potent inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF)-stimulated endothelial cell (human umbilical vein endothelial cell) proliferation in vitro (IC(50) = 60 nM). Selective inhibition of VEGF signaling has been demonstrated in vivo in a growth factor-induced hypotension model in anesthetized rat: administration of ZD6474 (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) reversed a hypotensive change induced by VEGF (by 63%) but did not significantly affect that induced by basic fibroblast growth factor. Once-daily oral administration of ZD6474 to growing rats for 14 days produced a dose-dependent increase in the femoro-tibial epiphyseal growth plate zone of hypertrophy, which is consistent with inhibition of VEGF signaling and angiogenesis in vivo. Administration of 50 mg/kg/day ZD6474 (once-daily, p.o.) to athymic mice with intradermally implanted A549 tumor cells also inhibited tumor-induced neovascularization significantly (63% inhibition after 5 days; P < 0.001). Oral administration of ZD6474 to athymic mice bearing established (0.15-0.47 cm(3)), histologically distinct (lung, prostate, breast, ovarian, colon, or vulval) human tumor xenografts or after implantation of aggressive syngeneic rodent tumors (lung, melanoma) in immunocompetent mice, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in all cases. Statistically significant antitumor activity was evident in each model with at least 25 mg/kg ZD6474 once daily (P < 0.05, one-tailed t test). Histological analysis of Calu-6 tumors treated with 50 mg/kg/day ZD6474 for 24 days showed a significant reduction (>70%) in CD31 (endothelial cell) staining in nonnecrotic regions. ZD6474 also restrained growth of much larger (0.9 cm(3) volume) Calu-6 lung tumor xenografts and induced profound regression in established PC-3 prostate tumors of 1.4 cm(3) volume. ZD6474 is currently in Phase I clinical development as a once-daily oral therapy in patients with advanced cancer.
Providing an Additional Factor for Patient Identification Based on Digital Fingerprint

Implementing a comprehensive healthcare security model is a difficult task due to the many complexities in the medical environment. Accurate patient identification is often overlooked in the areas of security and privacy. We have used our own architecture and experiences to bring forward this problem and offer suggestive solutions of incorporating biometric fingerprints and photographs of patients in a strategic manner to help strengthen our healthcare security model.