Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comment on Singh and others, ‘Hyperspectral analysis of snow reflectance to understand the effects of contamination and grain size’

Abstract Imaging spectroscopy is emerging as a critical tool in our ability to move beyond simple detection of changes in cryosphere–climate interactions to attribution of these changes to forcings by changes in greenhouse gases and absorbing impurities (Dozier and others, 2009; Singh and others, 2010). Fresh in the growing literature related to imaging spectroscopy of snow and ice, Singh and others (2010) have explored the impact of dust on the hyperspectral reflectance of snow with the intent of understanding the capacity of imaging spectroscopy to quantify snow properties. The paper reaches relatively robust conclusions about the impact of soil on snow reflectance. As such, the efforts of the authors and the importance of their paper in providing foundational work on imaging spectroscopy of the cryosphere should be appreciated.
A Formalization of Trust Alignment

We present a mathematical framework for communicating about trust in terms of interactions. We argue that sharing an ontology about trust is not enough and that interactions are the building blocks that all trust-and reputation models use to form their evaluations. Thus, a way of talking about these interactions is essential to gossiping in open heterogeneous environments. We give an overview of the formal framework we propose for aligning trust, based on the gossip agents send.
Floating-Point Exponentiation Units for Reconfigurable Computing

The high performance and capacity of current FPGAs makes them suitable as acceleration co-processors. This article studies the implementation, for such accelerators, of the floating-point power function xy as defined by the C99 and IEEE 754-2008 standards, generalized here to arbitrary exponent and mantissa sizes. Last-bit accuracy at the smallest possible cost is obtained thanks to a careful study of the various subcomponents: a floating-point logarithm, a modified floating-point exponential, and a truncated floating-point multiplier. A parameterized architecture generator in the open-source FloPoCo project is presented in details and evaluated.
Hypertrophic olivary degeneration following pontine haemorrhage: hypertensive crisis or cavernous haemangioma bleeding?

The clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) features of hypertrophic olivary degeneration are described, along with a rare but treatable cause of this entity—pontine cavernous haemangioma. Hypertrophic olivary degeneration occurs after focal lesions to the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway, typically following a pontine haemorrhage involving the ipsilateral central tegmental tract, the contralateral superior cerebellar peduncle, or the dentate nucleus. Clinically, there is palatal myoclonus and an uncontrollable tremor, presumably caused by loss of inhibitory control. On MR imaging, hypertrophic olivary degeneration is characterised by a non-enhancing T1 isointense, T2 hyperintense enlargement confined to the olivary nucleus. Typically, haemorrhages following a hypertensive crisis are responsible for hypertrophic olivary degeneration. However, in the three reported cases, imaging findings within the former bleeding cavity suggested a cavernous haemangioma as the source of the haemorrhage.
Response of Spirodela oligorrhiza to Phosphorus Deficiency.

The duckweed Spirodela oligorrhiza, growing in sterile defined nutrient media, was used to study some responses of plants to phosphorus deficiency. On a phosphate-deficient medium, growth of Spirodela soon slowed and eventually ceased. Older leaves became chlorotic, but newly formed leaves were dark green and contained much anthocyanin. The photosynthesis rate fell gradually, roots elongated, and chloroplasts became filled with starch.NITROGEN METABOLISM WAS NOT MARKEDLY AFFECTED: the total protein content changed only slightly, and, although levels of glutamine and asparagine increased, the concentrations of the other amino acids remained constant. The effects of phosphorus deficiency on Spirodela are discussed in relation to those found in other higher plants.
Data path allocation based on bipartite weighted matching

Proposes a graph-theoretic approach for the data path allocation problem. The problem is decomposed into three subproblems: (1) register allocation, (2) operation assignment, and (3) connection allocation. The first two subproblems are modeled as two bipartite weighted matching problems and solved using the Hungarian method. The third subproblem is solved using a greedy method. It is shown that, by taking the other into consideration while solving one, equally satisfactory results can be obtained, regardless of the order in which (1) and (2) are performed. Two programs, LYRA and ARYL, are implemented which solve the subtasks in different orders. For register allocation, the approach is the first one to guarantee minimal use of registers while being able to take the interconnection cost into account. This research has demonstrated that the bipartite weighted matching algorithm is indeed a good solution for the data path allocation problem. <<ETX>>
Src and cortactin promote lamellipodia protrusion and filopodia formation and stability in growth cones

How Src tyrosine kinase and cortactin control actin organization and dynamics in neuronal growth cones is not well understood. Using multiple high-resolution imaging techniques, this study shows that Src and cortactin control the persistence of lamellipodial protrusion as well as the formation, stability, and elongation of filopodia in growth cones.
Spatial Approaches for Conflating GIS Roadway Datasets

Transportation communities have been developing a variety of Geographic Information System (GIS) roadway datasets. Although many of those datasets are relatively comprehensive and flexible, complex and novel transportation problems with data needs beyond any single existing dataset continue to emerge. In many cases, extracting necessary data elements from multiple datasets and accurately integrating them into a single roadway network becomes a cost-effective solution. This research developed two approaches that can be used for the conflation of data from multiple roadway datasets. One of the approaches was further demonstrated in a case study where it was used to match the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) data and a private-sector roadway dataset for the contiguous United States.
SkILL - A Stochastic Inductive Logic Learner

Probabilistic Inductive Logic Programming (PILP) is a relatively unexplored area of Statistical Relational Learning which extends classic Inductive Logic Programming (ILP). Within this scope, we introduce SkILL, a Stochastic Inductive Logic Learner, which takes probabilistic annotated data and produces First Order Logic (FOL) theories. Data in several domains such as medicine and bioinformatics have an inherent degree of uncertainty, and because SkILL can handle this type of data, the models produced for these areas are closer to reality. SkILL can then use probabilistic data to extract non-trivial knowledge from databases, and also address efficiency issues by introducing an efficient search strategy for finding hypotheses in PILP environments. SkILL's capabilities are demonstrated using a real world medical dataset in the breast cancer domain.
Anomalous low‐velocity zone and linear alignment of seismicity along it in the subducted Pacific slab beneath Kanto, Japan: Reactivation of subducted fracture zone?

A detailed investigation of the hypocenter distribution beneath Kanto, Japan, reveals a NW‐SE‐trending linear alignment of seismicity within the subducted Pacific slab. We estimate the 3D seismic velocity structure in the Pacific slab to understand the factors controlling the genesis of such intraslab earthquakes. A narrow low‐velocity zone is imaged within the subducted slab over a length of ∼150 km, which partly penetrates into the mantle portion of the slab. The low‐velocity zone correlates in space with the NW‐SE‐trending earthquake cluster. A reactivation of hydrated fracture zone formed prior to subduction is probably related to the low‐velocity anomaly. Dehydration reactions of the hydrated oceanic mantle as well as the oceanic crust might lower the seismic velocity along the fossil fracture zone, accompanied by intraslab earthquakes. These observations support the hypothesis of dehydration embrittlement as the most viable mechanism for generating intraslab earthquakes.
Patterning of inorganic electrets

A yearlong experiment has been conducted to prove that the field emission and atmospheric ions are responsible for discharging of an electret at its edge. Based on the obtained results, a technology for patterning electret layers has been developed for technical applications. It allows fabrication of electret film structures with a feature size of 20 μm and probably less. Patterned inorganic electret lines fabricated using photolithography show no dependence of charge stability on line width based on monitoring the charge retention during one year. A general approach to electret patterning is discussed.
Controlling a stand-alone power system

This paper deals with a hybrid power system based on renewable energy sources, working in stand-alone mode. It consists of a micro-hydro plant including a synchronous generator and a wind turbine with an induction generator. A frequency controller, based on dump load and common voltage regulator for the two generators, ensures the system's power balance. The study -including simulations- focuses on two main aspects: the power quality, and the system's behavior under unbalanced loads and its response to a severe fault
Object-Based Spatial Feature for Classification of Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Images

This letter presents a novel spatial feature called object correlative index (OCI) to enhance the classification of very high resolution images. This novel method considers the property of an image object based on spectral similarity to construct a useful OCI to describe the spatial information objectively. Compared with the generic features widely used in image classification, the classification approach based on the OCI spatial feature results in higher classification accuracy than those approaches that only consider spectral features or pixelwise spatial features, such as the pixel shape index and mathematical morphology profiles. Experiments are conducted on QuickBird satellite image and aerial photo data, and results confirm that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
Photogrammetric analysis of horizon panoramas: The Pathfinder landing site in Viking orbiter images

Tiepoint measurements, block adjustment techniques, and sunrise/sunset pictures were used to obtain precise pointing data with respect to north for a set of 33 IMP horizon images. Azimuth angles for five prominent topographic features seen at the horizon were measured and correlated with locations of these features in Viking orbiter images. Based on this analysis, the Pathfinder line/sample coordinates in two raw Viking images were determined with approximate errors of 1 pixel, or 40 m. Identification of the Pathfinder location in orbit imagery yields geological context for surface studies of the landing site. Furthermore, the precise determination of coordinates in images together with the known planet-fixed coordinates of the lander make the Pathfinder landing site the most important anchor point in current control point networks of Mars.
Interpretation of Potential Field Data a Generalized Inverse APPROACH

The interpretation of potential field data from two-dimensional structures with a single interface of density or susceptibility contrasts is solved in terms of generalized matrix inversion. The model equations are derived, and important features of generalized matrix inversion are treated. The method is subsequently used to solve two gravity problems, an artificial one where the solution is known, and a geophysical one related to the crust-mantle interface. The solution is shown to compare well with the FFT results of Oldenburg. The method is also used to solve two magnetic problems, an artificial one with the solution known, and a geophysical one from the continental shelf of Greenland. The advantages and limitations of the method are finally discussed.
A 70 GHz 10.2 mW self-demodulator for OOK modulation in 65-nm CMOS technology

A 70.86 to 79.29 GHz low-power self-demodulator for on-off-keying (OOK) modulation is realized in TSMC 65-nm CMOS technology. By using a frequency-sweeping injection-locked oscillator (IJLO), the OOK modulated 70 GHz signal is demodulated by itself in a passive mixer and an 8.43 GHz bandwidth is achieved at 10.2 mW power consumption from a 1-V supply. The conversion gain is 10 dB and constant over the entire bandwidth. The core area of the chip is 0.072 mm2.
Image fusion algorithm for multispectral and panchromatic data based on multiple criteria

Image fusion is a very important research field in remote sensing. In this paper, we propose a fusion algorithm that combines PCA and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The first principal component of multispectral images and panchromatic image is decomposed by DWT, the focus in the fusion procedure is choosing a set of basic operations on particular sets of wavelet coefficients which correspond to certain frequency bands. Since previous researches had considered relatively simple fusion rules for combining the wavelet coefficients, we developed a multiple criteria based image fusion algorithm which combines several fusion rules including pixel-level rules and feature-level rules to make the final fusion decision under the general framework for multiresolution image fusion. The experiment result of fusion IKONOS panchromatic and multispectral images shows that the proposed method can improve spatial resolution of multispectral images and is suitable for human vision system observation.
Algorithms for capacitated rectangle stabbing and lot sizing with joint set-up costs

In the rectangle stabbing problem, we are given a set of axis parallel rectangles and a set of horizontal and vertical lines, and our goal is to find a minimum size subset of lines that intersect all the rectangles. In this article, we study the capacitated version of this problem in which the input includes an integral capacity for each line. The capacity of a line bounds the number of rectangles that the line can cover. We consider two versions of this problem. In the first, one is allowed to use only a single copy of each line (hard capacities), and in the second, one is allowed to use multiple copies of every line, but the multiplicities are counted in the size (or weight) of the solution (soft capacities). We present an exact polynomial-time algorithm for the weighted one dimensional case with hard capacities that can be extended to the one dimensional weighted case with soft capacities. This algorithm is also extended to solve a certain capacitated multi-item lot-sizing inventory problem with joint set-up costs. For the case of d-dimensional rectangle stabbing with soft capacities, we present a 3d-approximation algorithm for the unweighted case. For d-dimensional rectangle stabbing problem with hard capacities, we present a bi-criteria algorithm that computes 4d-approximate solutions that use at most two copies of every line. Finally, we present hardness results for rectangle stabbing when the dimension is part of the input and for a two-dimensional weighted version with hard capacities.
Detecting Social Bots by Jointly Modeling Deep Behavior and Content Information

Bots are regarded as the most common kind of malwares in the era of Web 2.0. In recent years, Internet has been populated by hundreds of millions of bots, especially on social media. Thus, the demand on effective and efficient bot detection algorithms is more urgent than ever. Existing works have partly satisfied this requirement by way of laborious feature engineering. In this paper, we propose a deep bot detection model aiming to learn an effective representation of social user and then detect social bots by jointly modeling social behavior and content information. The proposed model learns the representation of social behavior by encoding both endogenous and exogenous factors which affect user behavior. As to the representation of content, we regard the user content as temporal text data instead of just plain text as be treated in other existing works to extract semantic information and latent temporal patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first trial that applies deep learning in modeling social users and accomplishing social bot detection. Experiments on real world dataset collected from Twitter demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Silk fi broin scaffolds with muscle-like elasticity support in vitro differentiation of human skeletal muscle cells

Human adult skeletal muscle has a limited ability to regenerate after injury and therapeutic options for volumetric muscle loss are few. Technologies to enhance regeneration of tissues generally rely upon bioscaffolds to mimic aspects of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, silk fibroins from four Lepidoptera (silkworm) species engineered into three-dimensional scaffolds were examined for their ability to support the differentiation of primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs) adhered, spread and deposited extensive ECM on all the scaffolds, but immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression revealed that myotube formation occurred differently on the various scaffolds. Bombyx mori fibroin scaffolds supported formation of long, well-aligned myotubes, whereas on Antheraea mylitta fibroin scaffolds the myotubes were thicker and shorter. Myotubes were oriented in two perpendicular layers on Antheraea assamensis scaffolds, and scaffolds of Philosamia/Samia ricini (S. ricini) fibroin poorly supported myotube formation. These differences were not caused by fibroin composition per se, as HSMMs adhered to, proliferated on and formed striated myotubes on all four fibroins presented as two-dimensional fibroin films. The Young’s modulus of A. mylitta and B. mori scaffolds mimicked that of normal skeletal muscle, but A. assamensis and S. ricini scaffolds were more flexible. The present study demonstrates that although myoblasts deposit matrix onto fibroin scaffolds and create a permissive environment for cell proliferation, a scaffold elasticity resembling that of normal muscle is required for optimal myotube length, alignment, and maturation. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John
Compact representations of separable graphs

We consider the problem of representing graphs compactly while supporting queries efficiently. In particular we describe a data structure for representing n-vertex unlabeled graphs that satisfy an O(nc)-separator theorem, c < 1. The structure uses O(n) bits, and supports adjacency and degree queries in constant time, and neighbor listing in constant time per neighbor. This generalizes previous results for graphs with constant genus, such as planar graphs.We present experimental results using many "real world" graphs including 3-dimensional finite element meshes, link graphs of the web, internet router graphs, VLSI circuits, and street map graphs. Compared to adjacency lists, our approach reduces space usage by almost an order of magnitude, while supporting depthfirst traversal in about the same running time.
Information-Centric Connectivity

Mobile devices are often presented with multiple connectivity options, usually making a selection either randomly or based on the wireless medium's conditions, as is the case for current offloading schemes. In this article we propose that link-layer connectivity can be associated with information availability and in this respect connectivity decisions should be information-aware. To achieve information awareness at the link layer, we leverage on the information-centric networking paradigm and introduce the concept of information-centric connectivity (ICCON). We elaborate on different types of information availability and connectivity decisions in the context of ICCON, present specific use cases, and discuss emerging opportunities, challenges, and technical approaches. We illustrate the potential benefits of ICCON through preliminary simulation and numerical results in an example use case.
Murine Leukemia Viruses: Objects and Organisms

Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) are among the simplest retroviruses. Prototypical gammaretroviruses encode only the three polyproteins that will be used in the assembly of progeny virus particles. These are the Gag polyprotein, which is the structural protein of a retrovirus particle, the Pol protein, comprising the three retroviral enzymes—protease, which catalyzes the maturation of the particle, reverse transcriptase, which copies the viral RNA into DNA upon infection of a new host cell, and integrase, which inserts the DNA into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell, and the Env polyprotein, which induces the fusion of the viral membrane with that of the new host cell, initiating infection. In general, a productive MLV infection has no obvious effect upon host cells. Although gammaretroviral structure and replication follow the same broad outlines as those of other retroviruses, we point out a number of significant differences between different retroviral genera.
Disaster risk communication practice: A comparison between the government of China and USA

Aiming to the disaster risk communication, this paper compare the government system of China with USA to find out the strength and weakness in risk communication. The research analyzed two country's emergency management system, risk communication activities, and risk communication responsibilities. As the result of comparison research, this paper discussed the different structure between two countries, and presented advice to optimize the risk communication in China.
Geochemical reactivity of rocks of the Czech Republic

In this study, we present a map of the geochemical reactivity of rocks of the Czech Republic at a scale of 1:1,000,000 based on a geodatabase of regional geological maps at a scale of 1:50,000, as well as description of the method of how the map was developed. Research for this study was performed by compiling information between a database of regional geological maps and data from the lithogeochemical database to calculate and classify the rocks into eight groups according to carbonate content and coefficient of alkalinity. Rocks in these groups were further subdivided according to the susceptibility to weathering, forming a total of 28 categories. Knowledge of geochemical background is essential for making informed landscape management decisions, as this information determines the areas with higher levels of susceptibility to soil acidification and/or nutrient degradation. The map from this study will therefore provide essential information, albeit incomplete, to aid landscape management practitioners.