Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The sensitivity of compressed sensing performance to relaxation of sparsity

Many papers studying compressed sensing consider the noisy underdetermined system of linear equations: y = Ax<sup>0</sup>+ z, with n × N measurement matrix A, n <; N, and Gaussian white noise z ~ N(0,σ<sup>2</sup> I). Both y and A are known, both x<sup>0</sup> and z are unknown, and we seek an approximation to x<sup>0</sup>; we let δ = n/N ϵ (0,1) denote the undersampling fraction. In the popular strict sparsity model of compressed sensing, such papers further assume that x<sup>0</sup> has at most a specified fraction ε of nonzeros. In this paper, we relax the assumption of strict sparsity by assuming the vector x<sup>0</sup> is close in mean p-th power to a sparse signal. We study how this relaxation affects the performance of ℓ<sub>1</sub>-penalized ℓ<sub>2</sub> minimization, in which the reconstruction x<sup>1,λ</sup> solves min min ||y - A<sub>x</sub>||<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>/2 + λ||x||<sub>1</sub>. We study asymptotic mean-squared error (AMSE), the large-system limit of the MSE of x<sup>1, λ</sup>. Using recently developed tools based on Approximate Message Passing (AMP), we develop expressions for minimax AMSE M<sub>ϵ,p</sub><sup>*</sup>(δ, ξ, σ) - max over all approximately sparse signals, min over penalizations λ, where ξ measures the deviation from strict sparsity. There is of course a phase transition curve δ<sup>*</sup> = δ<sup>*</sup>(ε); only above this curve, δ >; δ<sup>*</sup>(ε), can we have exact recovery even in the noiseless-data strict-sparsity setting. It turns out that the minimax AMSE can be characterized succinctly by a coefficient sens<sub>p</sub><sup>*</sup>(ε, δ) which we refer to as the sparsity-relaxation sensitivity. We give explicit expressions for sens<sub>p</sub><sup>*</sup>(ε, δ), compute them, and interpret them. Our approach yields precise formulas in place of loose order bounds based on restricted isometry property and instance optimality results. Our formulas reveal that sensitivity is finite everywhere exact recovery is possible under strict sparsity, and that sensitivity to added random noise in the measurements y is smaller than the sensitivity to adding a comparable amount of noise to the estimand x<sup>0</sup>. Our methods can also treat the mean q-th power loss. The methods themselves are based on minimax decision theory and seem of independent interest.
A frequency-domain approach to identification of mechanical systems with friction

This paper describes a novel frequency-domain approach to identification of mechanical systems with friction on the basis of their periodic steady-state motions. Most importantly, the proposed method does not require acceleration information for its implementation. An interesting feature is that any periodic excitation input with sufficiently large amplitude and/or frequency can ensure the feasibility of the proposed method. We also present some experimental results to illuminate further its practical use.
School Working Papers Series 2002 SWP 2002 / 38 Project Communication Management in Australia , Germany and India – A Cross Cultural Study

The forces of globalisation, innovation, and the dynamic nature of information communication have changed the nature and complexity of communication in information systems projects. Success in project management in different nations depends on a vast array of different and complex variables and elements. Our research in Germany, India and Australia suggests that many diverse and yet crucial variables are pertinent to success in all projects everywhere and reveals that numerous benefits could be derived in the project management discipline by constructing a framework for these through further research.
Bmc Medical Research Methodology Open Access Design of Phase Ii Cancer Trials Evaluating Survival Probabilities

Background: Phase II cancer studies are undertaken to assess the activity of a new drug or a new treatment regimen. Activity is sometimes defined in terms of a survival probability, a binary outcome such as one-year survival that is derived from a time-to-event variable. Phase II studies are usually designed with an interim analysis so they can be stopped if early results are disappointing. Most designs that allow for an interim look are not appropriate for monitoring survival probabilities since many patients will not have enough follow-up by the time of the interim analysis, thus necessitating an inconvenient suspension of accrual while patients are being followed.
Pricing Regulations and Network Technology Investments: A Retrospective Evaluation

This article evaluates the impact of the introduction of incentive regulation on technology deployment, as evaluated using two technology deployment metrics, among the population of local exchange carriers in the USA between 1988 and 2001. The regulatory schemes are disaggregated into five categories, permitting examination of heterogeneity among regulatory schemes. The results show that the rate of return method and the other intermediate incentive schemes implemented have had a negative impact on technology deployment. Conversely, the introduction of pure price caps schemes had a positive and significant impact on firmsO technology deployment. These results highlight the importance of appropriate incentive compatible mechanism design in motivating firms to adopt the new and important technologies that have been developed.
Coordinating orders in supply chains through price discounts

In this paper, we examine the issue of order coordination between a supplier and multiple retailers in a decentralized multi-echelon inventory/distribution system where the supplier provides a product to multiple retailers who experience static demand and standard inventory costs. Specifically, we propose and analyze a new policy where a manufacturer, who outsources production to an Original Equipment Manufacturer, offers a price discount to retailers when they coordinate the timing of their orders with the manufacturer/s order cycle. We show that our proposed policy can lead to more efficient supply chains under certain conditions, and present a straightforward method for finding the manufacturer's optimal price discount in this decentralized supply chain. A numerical experiment illustrates the managerial implications of our model as well as conditions when a manufacturer should consider adopting such a policy.
Delivering NEET policy packages? A decade of NEET policy in England

This article explores the way in which government policy shapes the lives of young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET). In particular it examines how the concept of NEETs is set within a specific infrastructure and discourse for managing and supporting young people. The article provides a brief history of the NEET concept and NEET initiatives, before moving on to scrutinise the policies of the Coalition Government. A key distinction is made between those policies and practices that seek to prevent young people becoming NEET from those that seek to re-engage those who are NEET. It is argued that the Coalition has drawn on a similar active labour market toolkit to the previous Labour administration, but that this has been implemented with fewer resources and less co-ordination. It concludes that there is little reason to believe that Coalition policy will be any more successful than that of the previous government, and some reason to be concerned that it will lead to young people becoming more entrenched within NEET.
Soft real-time view management

Traditional database management systems have been designed to assist in maintaining large collections of data. However, their performance is not adequate for instant communication applications with tight real-time constraints. The Italian research laboratory Telecom Italia Lab has designed and implemented SOFTRAM DB, a real-time distributed system which stores user profile data in main memory. Different real-time applications (e.g., presence services) concurrently connect to the SOFTRAM DB to store and query user profile data (e.g., nicknames, user identifiers, moods). To improve query and update performance, accessory data structures (e.g., indices, materialized views) are usually exploited in relational DBMSs. This paper presents a soft real-time view management for user profile data in SOFTRAM DB. Different main memory views (i.e., user view and application view) and structures are presented, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Preliminary experimental results, performed on large synthetic datasets, show the adaptability and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Note on the Emptiness of Semigroup Intersections

We consider decidability questions for the emptiness problem of intersections of matrix semigroups. This problem was studied by A. Markov [7] and more recently by V. Halava and T. Harju [5]. We give slightly strengthened results of their theorems by using a different matrix encoding. In particular, we show that given two finitely generated semigroups of non-singular upper triangular 3 × 3 matrices over the natural numbers, checking the emptiness of their intersections is undecidable. We also show that the problem is undecidable even for unimodular matrices over 3 × 3 rational matrices.
NGOs and Transnational Networks: Wild Cards in World Politics

Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Your NGO Starter Kit 2 Partners in Conflict: A Structural Theory of NGOs 3 Ironic Origins of Transnational Organising 4 NGOs vs. Dictators: Argentina's Dirty War Revisited 5 Dancing in the Dark: NGOs and States in Former Yugoslavia 6 Engineering Fertility 7 Changing Partners, Shaping Progress: The Future of NGOs Appendix A: Active NGOs Discussed in This Book Selected Bibliography Index
Algorithmic Solution of the Change-Making Problem

The change-making problem (assemble a to ta l of C cents using the least number of coins) is r epresen ta t ive of a f requent ly encountered class of opt imizat ion problems. A recursive a lgor i thm is developed for solving t h a t problem. A much s imp le r -bu t not universal ly appl icable-a lgor i thm is also presented, and a procedure is described for t e s t ing its va l id i ty for any specified set of parameters .
Ensemble Non-negative Matrix Factorization for Clustering Biomedical Documents

Intersymbol interference and precoding loss are minimized by combining the precoding and coding operations. An intersymbol interference coder uses a feedback loop to apply a dither sequence to a sequence of input signal points. The dither signal applied to each input signal point is a function of the previous signal points in the sequence. The intersymbol interference coder implements, for example, a trellis coding operation by selecting one of several different modulo operations to determine the magnitude of the dither signal, the selection being made in response to the current trellis state. The sequence of signal points output from the intersymbol interference coder generates a valid sequence of the trellis code input to the Viterbi decoder.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of information processing in the Brain: Recent advances, current limitations and future challenges

Understanding how the brain transforms sensory information into adapted motor behavior necessitates to track the flow of information in the brain space. One question of great importance is to what extend the various required cognitive operations overlap in time (can a response begin to be prepared before the end of stimulus evaluation? ). Symmetrically, it is essential to understand what is the degree of localization of the elementary cognitive operations (Are the motor areas purely motor, or do they intervene also in sensory processing? ). After a brief statement of the current theoretical questions, we will present some recent data regarding these issues. The general logic followed is the track the information flow backward, starting from the response up to the stimulus. We will then present some technical limitation hampering more precise investigations and conclude on the challenges for the next few years for real advancement on those topics
A Study on Peer-to-Peer Based Discovery of Grid Resource Information

Efficient Resource discovery mechanism is one of the fundamental requirement for Grid computing systems, as it aids in resource management and scheduling of applications. Resource discovery activity involve searching for the appropriate resource types that match the user’s application requirements. Various kinds of solutions to grid resource discovery have been suggested, including the centralised and hierarchical information server approach. However, both of these approaches have serious limitations in regards to scalability, fault-tolerance and network congestion. To overcome these limitations, indexing resource information using a decentralised (such as Peer-to-Peer (P2P)) network model has been actively proposed in the past few years. This article investigates various decentralised resource discovery techniques primarily driven by P2P network model. To summarise, this article presents a: (i) summary of current state of art in grid resource discovery; (ii) resource taxonomy with focus on computational grid paradigm; (iii) P2P taxonomy with focus on extending the current structured systems (such as Distributed Hash Tables) for indexing d-dimensional grid resource queries; (iv) detailed survey of existing works that can support d-dimensional grid resource queries; and (v) classification of the surveyed approaches based on the proposed P2P taxonomy. We believe that this taxonomy and its mapping to relevant systems would be useful for academic and industry based researchers who are engaged in the design of scalable Grid and P2P systems.
ORIENTATION AND AUTO-CALIBRATION OF IMAGE TRIPLETS AND SEQUENCES

The automatic orientation and auto-calibration of image triplets and sequences is the basis for applications in visualization but also for all tasks employing metric information from imagery. Here we propose a hierarchical approach for orientation based on image triplets which is robust in the sense that it works with one set of parameters for a larger number of different sequences, also containing mediumto wide-baseline images, which standard procedures cannot handle. For auto-calibration we have made tests using the absolute dual quadric and the stratified approach based on the modulus constraint, showing that our results correspond with given calibration data, but are not yet totally stable. Finally, we propose a simple and robust method which allows the determination of the two parameters of the principal distance in x- and y-direction for image triplets robustly and reliably.
Who Chooses? Who Loses?: Culture, Institutions, and the Unequal Effects of School Choice

Policy Making in the Dark Illuminating the School Choice Debate African-American Students' View of School Choice Public School Choice in San Antonio Who Chooses and with What Effects? Equity and Choice in Detroit The Local Dynamics of Choice Ethnic Preferences and Institutional Responses Who Benefits from the Milwaukee Choice Program? Public and Private Schools Overseas Contrasts in Organisation and Effectiveness After 15 Years - Magnet Schools in Urban Education Lessons from the Largest School Voucher Program - Two Decades of Experience with Pell Grants Conclusion - Empirical Research on Educational Choice - What are the Lessons for Policy Makers?
Pro‐tumorigenic Effects of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 in Canine Osteosarcoma

Background Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that contributes to reparative skeletal remodeling by inducing osteoblast proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Organic bone matrix is the largest bodily reservoir for latent TGFβ1, and active osteoblasts express cognate receptors for TGFβ1 (TGFβRI and TGFβRII). During malignant osteolysis, TGFβ1 is liberated from eroded bone matrix and promotes local progression of osteotropic solid tumors by its mitogenic and prosurvival activities. Hypothesis Canine osteosarcoma (OS) cells will possess TGFβ1 signaling machinery. Blockade of TGFβ1 signaling will attenuate pro‐tumorigenic activities in OS cells. Naturally occurring primary OS samples will express cognate TGFβ1 receptors; and in dogs with OS, focal malignant osteolysis will contribute to circulating TGFβ1 concentrations. Animals Thirty‐three dogs with appendicular OS. Methods Expression of TGFβ1 and its cognate receptors, as well as the biologic effects of TGFβ1 blockade, was characterized in OS cells. Ten spontaneous OS samples were characterized for TGFβRI/II expressions by immunohistochemistry. In 33 dogs with OS, plasma TGFβ1 concentrations were quantified and correlated with bone resorption. Results Canine OS cells secrete TGFβ1, express cognate receptors, and TGFβ1 signaling blockade decreases proliferation, migration, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Naturally occurring OS samples abundantly and uniformly express TGFβRI/II, and in OS‐bearing dogs, circulating TGFβ1 concentrations correlate with urine N‐telopeptide excretion. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Canine OS cells possess TGFβ1 signaling machinery, potentially allowing for the establishment of an autocrine and paracrine pro‐tumorigenic signaling loop. As such, TGFβ1 inhibitors might impede localized OS progression in dogs.
Handling Uncertainties in Large-Scale Distributed Systems ALEAE

The goal of this aleae is to provide models and algorithmic solutions in the field of resource management that cope with uncertainties in large-scale distributed systems. This work will be based on the Grid Workloads Archive designed at TU Delft, Netherlands. Moreover we will experiments our solutions to validate the proposed models and evaluate the algorithms using simulator or large-scale environments such as Grid’5000 in order to improve both models and algorithms.
Notch and Wnt Signaling, Physiological Stimuli and Postnatal Myogenesis

Adult skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells are imperative to muscle regeneration. Much work has been performed on satellite cell identification and the subsequent activation of the myogenic response but the regulation of satellite cells including its activation is not well elucidated. The purpose of this review article is to synthesize what the literature reveals in regards to the current understanding of satellite cells including their contribution to muscle repair and growth following physiological stimuli. In addition, this review article will describe the recent findings on the roles of the classic developmental signaling pathways, Notch and Wnt, to the myogenic response in various muscle injury models. This purpose of this summary is to bring awareness of the impact that muscle contraction models have on the local and systemic environment of adult muscle stem cells which will be beneficial for comprehending and treatment development for muscle -associated ailments and other organ diseases.
A physics based model for NBTI in p-MOSFETs

A comprehensive modeling framework is proposed to explain NBTI degradation during DC stress, recovery of degradation after DC stress, and AC stress data. The framework is validated against a large body of experimental data obtained from wide variety of p-MOSFETs. Five experimental features of NBTI are identified, and explained using the proposed framework.
Similarity from conceptual relations

The main focus of this paper is how to measure similarity in a content-based information retrieval environment. In the first part we define the information base, which is a generative framework where an ontology in combination with a concept language defines a set of well-formed concepts. Well-formed concepts is assumed to be the basis for an indexing of the information base in the sense that these concepts appear in descriptions attached to objects in the base. Subsequent and last we introduce an approach for measuring similarity in this framework. The measuring problem is divided into to continuous parts where we first narrow what concepts have in common, and secondly use this fragment, a similarity graph, for calculating the similarity between concepts. The purpose of narrowing or restricting what concepts have in common is to manage the generative aspect of the ontology, and to retain the greatest possible number of shared attributes and characteristics of the concepts being compared. Taking the similarity graphs as input we discuss what properties a similarity function need to satisfy to measure the degree of similarity proportional to how close the concepts are or how much they share.
Divergence-Based One-Class Classification Using Gaussian Processes

We present an information theoretic framework for one-class classification, which allows for deriving several new novelty scores. With these scores, we are able to rank samples according to their novelty and to detect outliers not belonging to a learnt data distribution. The key idea of our approach is to measure the impact of a test sample on the previously learnt model. This is carried out in a probabilistic manner using Jensen-Shannon divergence and reclassification results derived from the Gaussian process regression framework. Our method is evaluated using well-known machine learning datasets as well as large-scale image categorisation experiments showing its ability to achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Indoor Granular Presence Sensing and Control Messaging With an Ultrasonic Circular Array Sensor

Providing automated granular control of lighting, along with user-driven control, results in an energy-efficient smart lighting system design while catering to personal occupant preferences. Two functional ingredients in such a system are: sensing that provides granular information on occupant location and a communication system to transmit control messages from a user. In this paper, we consider an ultrasonic circular array sensor that provides the dual functionality of granular occupant sensing and a communication receiver for user control transmissions. A ceiling-mounted sensor configuration with a colocated ultrasonic transmitter and array receiver is considered. To perform presence sensing, this transmitter sends periodic bursts of sinusoidal pulses that, upon reflection from the environment, are received at the array sensor. The echoes are processed to obtain estimates of range, azimuth, and elevation angles corresponding to possible occupant movements. A Kalman filter based on a near constant velocity model is used for target tracking. The resulting occupant location is used for energy-efficient lighting control. A user may in addition control lamps in its vicinity by sending messages at ultrasonic frequency, which are processed by the receiver array, and used to further adapt requested parameters of the lighting system. The proposed sensing and messaging solution is tested in an indoor office space with an eight-element receiver array sensor prototype.
A Novel Modeling Method of Network Processor Architecture Based on SystemC

As new Internet applications appear continuously, network processors . NPs . are applied to various network equipments. In this paper, we adopt the system design methodology based on SystemC, and construct a platform to modeling network processor architecture. This platform is composed of an extensible heterogeneous resource library and an architecture constructor. Architecture constructor can automatically generate model instance from a configuration table provided by designers. The model can be refined and its performance can be evaluated easily. This modeling methodology can be used to construct various network processor architecture models quickly, and optimize network processor design.