Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Wavelet Frame Denoising

This paper deals with the design and implementation of a new wavelet frame for noise suppression based on the character of seismic data. In general, wavelet denoising methods widely used in image and acoustic processing use well-known conventional wavelets which, although versatile, are often not optimal for seismic data. The new approach, physical wavelet frame denoising uses a wavelet frame that takes into account the characteristics of seismic data both in time and space. Synthetic and real data tests show that the approach is effective even for seismic signals contaminated by strong noise which may be random or coherent, such as ground roll or air waves.
Phase Speed Spectra of Transient Eddy Fluxes and Critical Layer Absorption

Abstract Tropospheric zonal mean eddy fluxes of heat and momentum, and the divergence of the Eliassen-Palm flux, are decomposed into contributions from different zonal phase speeds. Data analyzed are ECMWF operational global analyses covering 1980–87. Eastward moving medium-scale waves (zonal waves 4–7) dominate the spectra of lower tropospheric heat fluxes in both hemispheres and all seasons. Upper tropospheric wave flux spectra are similar to the low level spectra in midlatitudes, but shift to slower zonal phase speeds as low latitudes are approached. The cause of this shift is the selective absorption of faster moving components in midlatitudes as the waves propagate meridionally. Latitude-phase speed distributions of eddy fluxes are constructed and compared to the zonal mean wind structure. These results demonstrate that upper tropospheric eddies break and decelerate the zonal mean flow approximately 10°–20° in latitude away from their critical line (where phase speed equals zonal wind speed). Compari.
Evidence From Dissolved O2 Isotopes in North Atlantic Deep Water for a Recent Climatic Shift

Anthropogenic‐induced variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the associated Deep‐Water Formation (DWF) are a major concern. Using measurements of triple oxygen isotopes in the deep North Atlantic, we present novel evidence for a dramatic decadal to centennial shift in ocean conditions at the source region of DWF. These measurements suggest a recent decrease in the percentage of photosynthetic O2 derived from the source regions of AMOC in the Nordic Seas compared to the Little Ice Age. 1‐D model simulations suggest that a reduction in photosynthetic O2 production can explain the observed decrease. Alternatively, it may indicate a substantial decrease in sea‐ice cover and thus increased air‐sea gas exchange, bringing the isotopic composition of O2 closer to equilibrium with the atmosphere. Our novel data can serve as a benchmark for climate models.
Lyapunov stability theory of nonsmooth systems

This paper develops nonsmooth Lyapunov stability theory and LaSalle's invariance principle for a class of nonsmooth Lipschitz continuous Lyapunov functions and absolutely continuous state trajectories. Computable tests based on Filippov's differential inclusion and Clarke's generalized gradient (1983) are derived. The primary use of these results is in analyzing the stability of equilibria of differential equations with discontinuous right hand side such as in nonsmooth dynamic systems or variable structure control. <<ETX>>
A reexamination of the energetics of molecular clouds

The standard picture of molecular cloud energetics has been that the gas is heated by collisions with warmer dust grains. However, in several molecular clouds, the gas has appeared to be hotter than the dust, based on CO J = 1 tends to O data and airborne far-infrared data. In other clouds, it has been suggested that the densities are not high enough to couple the dust to the gas and thereby to heat the gas to the observed temperatures. For eight regions, gas temperatures have been remeasured with new observations of CO J = 1 tends to O and CO J = 2 tends to 1 and have determined the dust temperature using IRAS data. If the dust temperatures derived from the IRAS flux densities at 100 and 60 microns are adopted, most discrepancies are removed, but one or two may persist. Various possible explanations for the remaining discrepancies and the implications of the generally good agreement between gas and dust temperatures are considered. 58 refs.
Comparison of Two Paradigms Based on Stimulation with Images in a Spelling Brain–Computer Interface

A P300-based speller can be used to control a home automation system via brain activity. Evaluation of the visual stimuli used in a P300-based speller is a common topic in the field of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). The aim of the present work is to compare, using the usability approach, two types of stimuli that have provided high performance in previous studies. Twelve participants controlled a BCI under two conditions, which varied in terms of the type of stimulus employed: a red famous face surrounded by a white rectangle (RFW) and a range of neutral pictures (NPs). The usability approach included variables related to effectiveness (accuracy and information transfer rate), efficiency (stress and fatigue), and satisfaction (pleasantness and System Usability Scale and Affect Grid questionnaires). The results indicated that there were no significant differences in effectiveness, but the system that used NPs was reported as significantly more pleasant. Hence, since satisfaction variables should also be considered in systems that potential users are likely to employ regularly, the use of different NPs may be a more suitable option than the use of a single RFW for the development of a home automation system based on a visual P300-based speller.
Uses and abuses of User-Centered Design: literature review and proposal of a tool for evaluating ethics in the design of mobile applications

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to study the implications and ethical variables of User-Centered Design (UCD) methods in the design of mobile applications. We carried out a review of the literature on ethics in User-Centered Design within the field of mobile applications. We studied three disciplines that are applied in the design of mobile applications and that include UCD in their definition: Human–Computer Interaction, User Experience, and Design for Behavior Change. The analysis has allowed us, firstly, to identify different ethical approaches to applying UCD, and secondly, to propose a new tool for analyzing the ethical implications of UCD taking into account two variables: alignment with the user’s interests and will, and the type of influence the design generates. This paper shows that UCD methods are not always used for the benefit of the user, and asserts the ethical responsibility of design processes involving how users interact with mobile technologies as well as the importance of media education so that citizens become technologically responsible.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Paralytic Ileus in Advanced-age Patients after Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Retrospective Study of 124 Consecutive Patients

Objectives: Postoperative paralytic ileus (POI) is one of the most common and troublesome complications following colorectal surgery. However, to date, the risk factors for POI remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for POI following laparoscopic colorectal surgery in advanced-age patients. Methods: The clinical data of 124 patients aged ≥75 years who underwent curative colorectal surgery from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The relationship between POI and clinicopathological data including sarcopenia and visceral fat obesity was then assessed. Sarcopenia was defined as a low skeletal muscle mass index; visceral obesity, visceral fat with an area ≥100 cm2 on computed tomography at the level of the third lumbar vertebra; and sarcobesity, sarcopenia with visceral obesity. Results: The rate of POI was 9% (12/124 patients), and all the affected patients improved with conservative treatment. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, sarcopenia and sarcobesity were significant predictive factors for POI. Conclusions: Sarcopenia and sarcobesity may be risk factors for POI in patients aged ≥75 years after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
ESTIMATION OF JOINT DISTRIBUTION FROM MARGINAL DISTRIBUTIONS

In many consumer surveys, demographic and other data are used as covariates for predictions of consumer preferences and other decision variables. However, to protect the confidentiality of the consumers, the data are only available in marginal frequency distribution format. This creates a problem in predicting joint frequencies required for further decisionmaking. In this paper we consider the dependence structure in formulating the joint distribution given in the form of a Dirichlet prior. The computations in the case of 2◊2 table are extended to multiway contingency tables and shown to provide similar results as obtained using the Monte Carlo methods.
Inference in Lévy-type stochastic volatility models

Based on the concept of multipower variation we establish a class of easily computable and robust estimators for the integrated volatility, especially including the squared integrated volatility, in Lévy-type stochastic volatility models. We derive consistency and feasible distributional results for the estimators. Furthermore, we discuss the applications to time-changed CGMY, normal inverse Gaussian, and hyperbolic models with and without leverage, where the time-changes are based on integrated Cox-Ingersoll-Ross or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-type processes. We deduce which type of market microstructure does not affect the estimates.
Squeezed States for Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors

Abstract The possibility of using squeezed states for improving the shot-noise limit of the strain sensitivity of Michelson interferometers is discussed. We find that the spectrum of squeezing required depends on the method of stabilization used in the experiment. Details are given for the widely used phase-modulation technique (which also allows for recycling of the field), where we find an important application for broadband (‘two-mode’) squeezing.
An improved image non-blind image deblurring method based on FoEs

Traditional non-blind image deblurring algorithms always use maximum a posterior(MAP). MAP estimates involving natural image priors can reduce the ripples effectively in contrast to maximum likelihood(ML). However, they have been found lacking in terms of restoration performance. Based on this issue, we utilize MAP with KL penalty to replace traditional MAP. We develop an image reconstruction algorithm that minimizes the KL divergence between the reference distribution and the prior distribution. The approximate KL penalty can restrain over-smooth caused by MAP. We use three groups of images and Harris corner detection to prove our method. The experimental results show that our algorithm of non-blind image restoration can effectively reduce the ringing effect and exhibit the state-of-the-art deblurring results.
Progress on Radiative Transfer Modelling in Optically Thick Divertor Plasmas

The physical model used in the photon transport module of the Monte‐Carlo code EIRENE (www.eirene.de) is presented. A critical assessment of the spectral line broadening mechanisms (which give the shape of the photon‐atom reaction rates) and of their relevance in a transport simulation is carried out (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Finite Element Analysis Model of Electronic Skin Based on Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor

In recent years, with the rapid development of flexible electronic devices, researchers have a great interest in the research of electronic skin (e-skin). Traditional e-skin, which is made of rigid integrated circuit chips, not only limits the overall flexibility, but also consumes a lot of power and poses certain security risks to the human body. In this paper, a wireless passive e-skin is designed based on the surface acoustic wave sensor (SAWS) of lithium niobate piezoelectric film. The e-skin has the advantages of small size, high precision, low power consumption, and good flexibility. With the multi-sensing function of stress, temperature, and sweat ion concentration, etc., the newly designed e-skin is a sensor platform for a wide range of external stimuli, and the measurement results can be directly presented in frequency. In order to explore the characteristic parameters and various application scenarios of the SAWS, finite element analysis is carried out using the simulation software; the relationship between the SAWS and various influencing factors is explored, and the related performance curve is obtained. These simulation results provide important reference and experimental guidance for the design and preparation of SAW e-skin.
Entropy and climate. II: Simple models

The possibility that the climate of planet earth might be a state of maximum dissipation was explored by Paltridge through the development of a simple energy-balance model of climate. In this paper we examine the assumptions in Paltridge's model and show that the model can be reduced analytically to a model involving trivial numerical computation. This step exposes the interplay of energy balance, dynamics, and extremum principles. In particular, we highlight the role of a secondary extremum-principle, related to convective activity, which postulates that cloud cover and surface temperature conspire to maximize the sum of sensible-and latent-heat fluxes. We show that this convection hypothesis leads to simple algebraic relations (between cloud cover, surface temperature and horizontal convergence of energy) which could be tested against satellite data. We examine a single-box version of Paltridge's model that exhibits remarkable temperature-regulation through adjustment of cloud cover, and show that the regulation follows from the convection hypothesis rather than the maximum-dissipation hypothesis. Next we investigate the relevance to climate of a theorem on maximum dissipation derived by Ziegler. We reconcile the maximum- and minimum-dissipation theorems of Ziegler and Prigogine in the context of a simple model. Finally, we speculate how the principle of maximum dissipation might be applied in a climate model.
Correlation of DEPDC5 rs1012068 and rs5998152 Polymorphisms with Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Emerging evidence has shown that two common genetic polymorphisms within the pleckstrin domain-containing protein 5 (DEPDC5), rs1012068 and rs5998152, may be associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in those individuals chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) or the hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, these findings have not been consistently replicated in the literature due to limited sample sizes or different etiologies of HCC. Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to resolve this inconsistency. Methods The databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Scopus were searched up to December 12, 2022. Data from relevant studies were pooled, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results A total of 11 case-control studies encompassing 2,609 cases and 8,171 controls on rs1012068 and three encompassing 411 cases and 1,448 controls on rs5998152 were included. Results indicated that the DEPDC5 rs1012068 polymorphism did not significantly increase HCC risk in the total population (allelic model (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.04–1.67, P = 0.02); the recessive model (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.96–2.10, P = 0.08); the dominant model (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.09–1.87, P = 0.01); the homozygous model (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.01–2.57, P = 0.05); the heterozygous model (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.09–1.79, P = 0.009)). Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and etiology revealed that the rs1012068 polymorphism, under all five genetic models, was associated with increased HCC risk in Asians or in individuals with chronic HBV infection but not in individuals with chronic HCV infection. A significant association was also observed between rs5998152 and HCV-related HCC risk in Asians chronically infected with HCV under allelic, dominant, and heterozygous models. Conclusion Our study suggests that the DEPDC5 rs1012068 polymorphism increases HCC risk, especially in Asians with chronic HBV infection, while the rs5998152 polymorphism increases HCC risk in Asians with chronic HCV infection.
Optical selection effects that bias quasar evolution studies

This paper gives a study of systematic biases that are redshift-dependent and could influence not only the optical discovery of quasars but also the evolution laws derived from counts of quasars in ''complete'' surveys. A numerical model of the optical biases suggests that the excess of quasars found at z roughly-equal 2.5 when compared to the local density is largely a result of photometric errors and the unrecognized contribution of strong UV emission lines to the blue magnitude of high-redshift quasars. An observational reexamination of the quasars brighter than M/sub B/ = -24 in the Palomar Bright Quasar Survey (BQS) shows that for the brightest quasars in the survey, the data are consistent with no evolution. A comparison of BQS quasars with the brightest quasars from the CTIO Schmidt Telescope Survey (Osmer and Smith 1980) shows that the brightest CTIO survey quasars have much stronger C IV lambda1548 lines than the brightest BQS quasars. If q/sub 0/ is taken to be near zero, the density of bright quasars in comoving Friedmann cosmology coordinates is about 15 times higher for the CTIO survey quasars (mean z roughly-equal 2.8) than for the BQS quasars (mean z roughly-equal 1.8). In this case, spectralmore » evolution is required, since the high-redshift CTIO quasars have greater C IV lambda1548 equivalent widths than the lower redshift BQS quasars of similar luminosity. Alternatively, if q3) is taken to be near unity, the brightest CTIO survey quasars would all be fainter than the brightest BQS objects. The strong emission lines seen in the CTIO survey quasars could be understood as a consequence of the general correlation between absolute quasar luminosity and C IV lambda1548 equivalent width. « less
Detection of brain cancer using quantum-classical CNN-based method

Classification of MRI images of brain cancer using deep learning methods such as CNN’s is an increasingly popular method to detect cancer and its spread. In the present work, we perform a competitive analysis of hybrid quantum CNN based methods to classify the MRI images of brain cancer into three different classes using quantum simulators. The quantum image processing is done via three encoding schemes, viz. QCNN, FRQI and NEQR. We see that QCNN has higher accuracy of 87% with a precision of 81%. The NEQR and FRQI encoding schemes have an accuracy of 79% and 75%, respectively. The computational time for QCNN, FRQI and NEQR are considerably less than the conventional CNN method, which was tested by running the same dataset through DenseNet121 Keras architecture.
A Three-Dimensional Vibration Data Compression Method for Rolling Bearing Condition Monitoring

In condition monitoring for rolling bearings, it has achieved good diagnostic performance and clear mechanistic interpretation based on vibration data. The high sampling frequency of data collection preserves fault characteristics but brings the problem of big data. An effective way to reduce this problem is to apply data compression. However, in order not to affect the diagnostic performance of data, it is difficult to improve the compression ratio further. Inspired by the binarization method, the compression dimension of the bit cost of a single sample point is first introduced into the fault-mechanism-based method in this article. On this basis, a three-dimensional data compression method is proposed, and it is subsequently validated with two real-bearing datasets. Two performance metrics, including a newly defined one, are utilized to compare the proposed method with the five existing methods. The comparison results show that the proposed method significantly improves the compression ratio of data but maintains good diagnostic performance.
Effects of an Electrically Conducting Inner Core on Planetary and Stellar Dynamos

The influence of an electrically conducting inner core on the characteristics of kinematic spherical α2 dynamos is investigated both analytically and numerically. Emphasis is placed on the magnetic coupling between the outer turbulent fluid spherical shell where magnetic fields are generated and the electrically conducting inner core, which can control the way in which the magnetic field in the shell is produced. We illustrate the subtlety of the electromagnetic boundary conditions at the core-shell interface: continuity of the radial magnetic field, continuity of the tangential electric field, and continuity of the tangential magnetic field. In the special cases of zero and infinite core electrical conductivity, the core-shell interface conditions take different explicit forms and in the latter case depend on whether the dynamo is stationary or oscillatory. Dynamo solutions depend on η, the ratio of inner to outer shell radius; β, the ratio of core to shell magnetic diffusivity; α(r), the radially dependent α function in the outer turbulent fluid spherical shell; and Rα, the magnetic Reynolds number of the shell. For small cores, η < 0.5, the α2 dynamo is always stationary, independent of β. For larger cores, the dynamo is oscillatory for β < 5.3 and stationary for β > 5.3. Time-dependent dynamo behavior can arise from the α-effect alone in the presence of a sufficiently large and electrically conducting inner core. This phenomenon could be relevant to the solar dynamo for which η = 0.8 and β = 10-3. It could also be relevant to the dynamos of planets with sufficiently large inner cores; Earth's inner core is too small, however, for the oscillatory phenomenon to be directly applicable to the geodynamo.
Taxation as a factor in investment attractiveness in the Visegrád countries

ABSTRACT Managers take into account the tax burden when they decide about a new investment; therefore, they seek countries with lower tax rates. Governments respond to these requirements and battle for new investments by lowering tax rates as part of tax competition. This study focuses on the Visegrád countries as a region of new foreign investments from other OECD countries, and analyses the determinants of a bilateral FDI position of equity. As a model, it uses dynamic panel regression with GMM estimation. Results show that FDIs are affected by the level of difference in corporate taxation and the size of both countries. Every other potential determinant has no effect on the level of investment. These results show that foreign investors care about tax burdens more when investing within the Visegrád Group. Visegrád countries are relatively close when considering conditions for business; therefore, the most important difference becomes the taxation of profits.
Self-Decoupled Dual-Frequency Patch Antennas via Hybrid Coupling Interface Technique

This letter presents a novel hybrid coupling interface (HCI) technique to achieve self-decoupling between two dual-frequency patch antennas (DFPAs) for the first time, with no need to introduce external structures. To this end, a decoupling condition based on a detailed network analysis indicates the key to realizing self-decoupling at two operating frequencies simultaneously is that the DFPA must have two independent coupling interfaces (CIs), which is different from the single-band self-decoupling achieved by using mixed coupling in a single CI. Then, an actual DFPA with HCI, composed of a rectangular patch and a short-circuited λ/4 microstrip resonator, is proposed and constructed in a two-element array with another one, which demonstrates that decoupling can be realized by adjusting the radius of the shorting pin conveniently. Finally, experimental results show that the in-band isolation between two antennas can be enhanced beyond 15 dB across two operating frequency ranges of 3.77–3.94 GHz (4.4%) and 4.59–4.72 GHz (2.8%).