Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling simulation of transmitter-receiver system using VHDL-AMS

Summary It is important to provide reliable and efficient communication for data transmission in wireless sensor networks. To attempt this purpose, implementation details for several blocks of communication system must be carefully modeled. In this context, the present paper introduces transmitter-receiver system architecture for sensors networks applications. It presents the study, design and simulation of communication system using VHDL-AMS (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language-Analog and Mixed-Signal) language. We expose implementation details of system parts based on a direct sequence spread-spectrum with a 2.4 GHz carrier, the model of BPSK modulation for digital transmission, and functional filter side. The proposed architecture is validated on Matlab environment. The designed architecture respects the specific context of wireless sensors networks (frequency, BER.). Obtained results validate the proposed architecture and prove the way to determining and discussing some critical parameters values.
Students with Disabilities in Career and Technical Education. ERIC Digest.

Career and technical education (CTE) can provide significant benefits to students with disabilities. CTE teachers need to be aware of the rights of students with disabilities and of the planning process involved in meeting their needs. In addition, CTE teachers must know what role they play both in planning and in providing instruction. CTE teachers often need background information on the details of disabilities and the accommodations required. This Digest provides information on students with disabilities for secondary CTE teachers.
An Efficient CPU Architecture for DSP Processors

Design narrative of an efficient CPU architecture dedicated to UTS-DSP (University of Tehran and Iran Communication Industries(SAMA) DSP) [1]-[10] is reported. Time and area consuming, the CPU architecture is a critical component of the overall architecture, which is responsible for execution of arithmetic and logical operations. The goal is composing an optimized hardware appropriate for executing the considered instruction set. To accomplish this goal, the required architecture has been modeled, verified and synthesized using VHDL description and synthesis tools.
Simian Virus 40 (SV40) and Human Cancers

Simian virus 40 (SV40) contaminated the early poliovirus vaccines used throughout much of the world during the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. SV40 is oncogenic in rodents and can transform human cells in vitro. Most epidemiologic studies, however, have failed to detect increased risks of cancer among those exposed to SV40-contami nated poliovirus vaccines, even after more than 30 years of follow-up. In contrast, an increasing number of recent DNA hybridization studies have reported detection of SV40 genomic sequences in human tumors. The majority of these reports have involved ependymoma, choroid plexus tumors, osteosarcomas, and mesotheliomas. Not all investigations have detected SV40 in human tissues, though, and even among positive studies, several factors such as the low levels of virus found in tumors (< 1 genome copy per tumor cell), raise uncertainties regarding the possible role of SV40 in human cancers. This review article briefly summarizes the evidence for and against recent assertions that SV40 is a human tumor virus.
Performance comparison of constant coefficient and variable coefficient tracking filters in radar detection

In this paper comparison between constant coefficient and variable coefficient tracking filters for radar has been presented. αβγ filter and Kalman filter are discussed as instances of constant coefficient and variable coefficient filters respectively. Both of the filters are sophisticated smoothing and prediction tracking filters which are used in sampled data target trackers. As polynomial predictor linear recursive filters they can construct future position based on present position measurements. For the same target model the mean residual error from both of the filters are presented to compare their relative performance. Noise variance was varied to observe its effect on both filters. Performance of αβγ filter becomes deteriorated with increased noise whereas Kalman filter can track a target with high accuracy even with increased noise variance. These clearly illustrate the advantage of using a variable coefficient Kalman filter over a fixed coefficient αβγ filter.
Computer architecture simulation applets for use in teaching

Visualisation of the activities which occur inside a computer is an important aspect of computer architecture education. At the University of Edinburgh we are using a hierarchical computer architecture design and simulation environment (HASE) to build a number of architectural models for use in research and teaching. A new facility within HASE, JavaHASE, allows models to be translated into applets which can be accessed via the WWW. JavaHASE applets are programmable simulation models in which the code and data memory contents can be altered, the simulation re-run in the applet and the results used to visualise the activities taking place within the model (data movements, state changes, register/memory content changes, etc). These applets are being used in various ways in teaching.
CO ( J = 2 → 1 ) and CO ( J = 3 → 2 ) observations of Virgo Cluster spiral galaxies with the KOSMA telescope : global properties

We present CO(J=2→1) and CO (J=3→2) observations of quiescent Virgo Cluster spiral galaxies with the KOSMA 3m submm telescope. The beam sizes of 80′′ at 345GHz and 120′′ at 230GHz are well suited for the investigation of global properties of Virgo Cluster galaxies. The observed sample was selected based on previous CO (J=1→0) detections by Stark et al. (1986), performed with the AT&T Bell Laboratory 7m telescope (beam size ∼ 100′′). We were able to detect 18 spiral galaxies in CO (2→1) and 16 in CO (3→2). Beam matched observations of the lowest three CO transitions allow us to compare our results with previous high spatial resolution studies of (moderate) starburst galaxies and galactic core regions. We discuss the global excitation conditions of the ISM in these quiescent spiral galaxies. The resulting CO (3–2)/(1–0) integrated line ratios vary over a relatively narrow range of values from 0.35 to 0.14 (on a Kkm/s–scale) with increasing CO (2–1)/(1–0) ratio (from 0.5 to 1.1). The line ratios between the three lowest rotational transitions of CO cannot be fitted by any radiative transfer model with a single source component. A two-component model, assuming a warm, dense nuclear and a cold, less dense disc component allows us to fit the observed line ratios for most of the galaxies individually by selecting suitable parameters. The two-component model, however, fails to explain the observed correlation of the line ratios. This is due to a variation of the relative filling factor of the warm gas alone, assuming a typical set of parameters for the two components common for all galaxies.
Sequential multiscale modeling using sparse representation

Carlos J. Garcia-Cervera, ∗ Weiqing Ren, † Jianfeng Lu, ‡ and Weinan E § Mathematics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012. Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Department of Mathematics and PACM, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. (Dated: June 8, 2007)
Predictable Patterns in Stock Returns

This paper presents statistical investigations regarding the predictability of stock returns. The examined data covers 207 stocks on the Swedish stock market for the time period 1987-1996. The results show trend behavior and autocorrelation values that are stable even when the entire time interval is broken down to yearly intervals. A proposed concept of daily returns RD and a comparision to the ordinary step returns RS, show a signi cant di erence in the data, caused by the holiday e ect. It is also shown that seasonal variables, such as the month of the year, a ect the stock returns more than the average daily changes. This is consequential for all methods where the seasonal variables are not taken into account when predicting daily stock returns.
An extensibility of THEMIS billing system for the cloud computing environment

With the advent and acceptance of cloud computing the ability to record and account for the usage of cloud resources in a convincing and capricious way has become critical for cloud service providers and users alike. The billing process involves receiving billing records from various networks, determining the billing rates associated with the billing records, calculate the cost for each billing record, aggregating this records periodically to generate invoices, sending invoices to the customer, and collecting payments received from the customer. Traditional billing systems are not enough in terms of security capabilities or computational overhead. In this paper, we propose a secure and no obstructive billing system called THEMIS as a remedy for these limitations. The system uses a novel concept of a cloud notary authority for the supervision of billing. Moreover, to provide a falsification-resistive SLA monitoring mechanism, we devised a SLA monitoring module enhanced with a trusted platform module (TPM), called S-Mon. From the perspective of extensibility, THEMIS is moreover applicable to various target services as well to improve the accountability of each service by applying more monitoring techniques to S-Mon. The overall latency of these systems is shorter and the throughput much higher than the Public key Infrastructure.
An obligate intermediate along the slow folding pathway of a group II intron ribozyme

Most RNA molecules collapse rapidly and reach the native state through a pathway that contains numerous traps and unproductive intermediates. The D135 group II intron ribozyme is unusual in that it can fold slowly and directly to the native state, despite its large size and structural complexity. Here we use hydroxyl radical footprinting and native gel analysis to monitor the timescale of tertiary structure collapse and to detect the presence of obligate intermediates along the folding pathway of D135. We find that structural collapse and native folding of Domain 1 precede assembly of the entire ribozyme, indicating that D1 contains an on-pathway intermediate to folding of the D135 ribozyme. Subsequent docking of Domains 3 and 5, for which D1 provides a preorganized scaffold, appears to be very fast and independent of one another. In contrast to other RNAs, the D135 ribozyme undergoes slow tertiary collapse to a compacted state, with a rate constant that is also limited by the formation D1. These findings provide a new paradigm for RNA folding and they underscore the diversity of RNA biophysical behaviors.
Daphnia magna and Xenopus laevis as in vivo models to probe toxicity and uptake of quantum dots functionalized with gH625

The use of quantum dots (QDs) for nanomedicine is hampered by their potential toxicologic effects and difficulties with delivery into the cell interior. We accomplished an in vivo study exploiting Daphnia magna and Xenopus laevis to evaluate both toxicity and uptake of QDs coated with the membranotropic peptide gH625 derived from the glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus and widely used for drug delivery studies. We evaluated and compared the effects of QDs and gH625-QDs on the survival, uptake, induction of several responsive pathways and genotoxicity in D. magna, and we found that QDs coating plays a key role. Moreover, studies on X. laevis embryos allowed to better understand their cell/tissue localization and delivery efficacy. X. laevis embryos raised in Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus containing QDs or gH625-QDs showed that both nanoparticles localized in the gills, lung and intestine, but they showed different distributions, indicating that the uptake of gH625-QDs was enhanced; the functionalized QDs had a significantly lower toxic effect on embryos’ survival and phenotypes. We observed that D. magna and X. laevis are useful in vivo models for toxicity and drug delivery studies.
Anchor, Float or Abandon Ship: Exchange Rate Regimes for Accession Countries

The paper considers alternative exchange rate regimes for the East Europeanaccession candidates, both prior to EU accession and following EU accession but prior to EMU membership. We conclude that, from an economic point of view, EMU membership should be as early as possible. There is, however, a risk that prevailing interpretations of the inflation and exchange rate criteria for EMU membership could lead to unnecessary delays in EMU membership for the accession countries. Theexchange rate criterion for EMU membership requires that the candidate "has respected the normal fluctuation margins provided for by the exchange ratemechanism of the European Monetary System without severe tensions for at least the last two yeas before the examination. " Both this text and the precedents of Finland, Italy and Greece, support the view that the exchange rate criterion can be satisfied without two years of formal ERMII membership. Insistence on at least two years of formal ERMII membership for the accession countries, would result in an unnecessary, costly and potentially risky stay in EMU purgatory.
Locomotion of a quadruped robot using CPG

It is well known that the rhythm generator mechanism called central pattern generator (CPG) controls rhythmic activities, such as locomotion, respiration, heart beat, etc. in biological systems, and various neuron models are proposed. The CPG has attractive features such that (i) it generates periodical signals persistently, (ii) return to the original oscillation if disturbances are removed, (iii) the mathematical conditions for oscillation are proved, and so on. A CPG network, which consists of the Matsuoka model neurons, is introduced to realize the locomotion of a quadruped walking robot and the response to disturbances is discussed. The outputs of neurons are utilized as the target angles of corresponding joints and the efficiency of the proposed method is examined through experiments with a quadruped walking robot.
Position-specific masking and the word-letter phenomenon: Reexamining the evidence from the Reicher-Wheeler paradigm.

When choosing which of 2 equally plausible "critical" letters (e.g., n or h) was present in a briefly presented backward-pattern-masked target (the Reicher-Wheeler task), people are more accurate with words (e.g., sftow) than isolated letters (h). Contemporary accounts argue that pattern masks induce this word-letter phenomenon (WLP) because critical letters in words are more resistant to replacement from masking letter fragments occupying the same serial positions. The authors tested this notion by directly examining the effect of positionspecific masking on critical-letter report using backward-pattern masks that occupied only each critical-letter position. Under these conditions, no WLP was observed, even though all noncritical letters in words were unmasked. However, a strong WLP was obtained when masks occupied all possible serial positions, including those of noncritical letters. Further experiments indicated that these masking effects were not confounded by attentional factors. Implications for contemporary accounts of the WLP and the structure of the word recognition system are discussed.
Bounds on the throughput performance of ARQ selective-repeat protocol in Markov channels

In this paper, we consider the ARQ selective repeat protocol with time-out mechanism, in the presence of Markovian errors on both the forward and the feedback communication channels. Renewal theory is used in order to find performance bounds for the protocol. This technique makes it possible to overcome the computational complexity of an exact analytical approach. Simulation results, that confirm the analysis and document the accuracy of the bounds are also presented. An application to mobile radio is also discussed.
String bits in small radius AdS and weakly coupled N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory : I

We study light-cone gauge quantization of IIB strings in AdS_5 \times S^5 for small radius in Poincare coordinates. A picture of strings made up of noninteracting bits emerges in the zero radius limit. In this limit, each bit behaves like a superparticle moving in the AdS_5 \times S^5 background, carrying appropriate representations of the super conformal group PSU(2,2|4). The standard Hamiltonian operator which causes evolution in the light-cone time has continuous eigenvalues and provides a basis of states which is not suitable for comparing with the dual super Yang-Mills theory. However, there exist operators in the light-cone gauge which have discrete spectra and can be used to label the states. We obtain the spectrum of single bit states and construct multi-bit states in this basis. There are difficulties in the construction of string states from the multi-bit states, which we discuss. A non-zero value of the radius introduces interactions between the bits and the spectrum of multi-bit states gets modified. We compute the leading perturbative corrections at small radius for a few simple cases. Potential divergences in the perturbative corrections, arising from strings near the boundary, cancel. This encourages us to believe that our perturbative treatment could provide a framework for a rigorous and detailed testing of the AdS/CFT conjecture, once the difficulties in the construction of string states are resolved.
Interactive Similarity Links in Treemap Visualizations

Exploring hierarchical organizations such as software systems is a challenging task. This gets even harder when these are large, deeply nested, and attached by a list of additional attributes of either quantitative, ordinal, or categorical nature. Tree maps have been designed to graphically represent such hierarchical structures in a space-filling way where two attributes for each hierarchy element can be visualized in each tree map box at the same time: by area and by color. Having more than two attributes attached to each hierarchy element can also be visualized by this concept when allowing an analyst to frequently browse the pair wisely represented attributes in the color dimension leaving the box sizes fixed due to mental map preservation. In this paper we enrich standard tree map visualizations by such a browsing feature and additional interaction techniques such as expanding or collapsing them to different levels of hierarchical granularity. To further support the comparison of similar boxes for either one, two, or a list of attributes we add the concept of similarity links whose display thresholds can also interactively be chosen.
Spatial filters for the classification of event-related potentials

Spatial filtering is a widely used dimension reduction method in electroencephalogram based brain-computer interface systems. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed, which learns spatial filters from a training dataset. In contrast to existing approaches the proposed method yields spatial filters that are explicitly designed for the classification of event-related potentials, such as the P300 or movement-related potentials. The algorithm is tested, in combination with support vector machines, on several benchmark datasets from past BCI competitions and achieves state of the art results.
Enhancing Academic Event Participation with Context-aware and Social Recommendations

The plethora of talks and presentations taking place at academic conferences makes it difficult, especially for young researchers to attend the right talks or discuss with participants and potential collaborators with similar interests. Participants may not have a priori knowledge that allows them to select the right talks or informal interactions with other participants. In this paper we present the context-aware mobile recommendation services (CAMRS) based on the current context (whereabouts at the venue, popularity and activities of talks and presentations) sensed at the conference venue. Additionally, we augment the current context with the academic community context of conference participants which is inferred by using social network analysis and link prediction on large-scale co-authorship and citation networks of participants. By combining the dynamic and social context of participants, we are able to recommend talks and people that may be interesting to a particular participant. We evaluated CAMRS using data from two large digital libraries - the DBLP and CiteSeerX, and participants from two conferences - ICWL 2010 and EC-TEL 2011. The result shows that the new approach can recommend novel talks and helps participants in establishing new connections at conference venue.
Unconventional Monetary Policies: Evolving Practices, Their Effects and Potential Costs

The process that the Bank of Canada follows to make its monetary policy decisions has evolved over time. This process is very information-intensive and collaborative, drawing on the expertise, judgment and analysis of many people. This article describes monetary policy decision making at the Bank, and discusses some common misconceptions about monetary policy and the process.
Moduli spaces of bundles over Riemann surfaces and the Yang-Mills stratification revisited

Refinements of the Yang-Mills stratifications of spaces of connections over a compact Riemann surface are investigated. The motivation for this study was the search for a complete set of relations between the standard generators for the cohomology of the moduli spaces of stable holomorphic bundles of rank n and degree d when n and d are coprime and n>2.
The Study and Implementation of Chinese Words Segmentation and Chinese Language Emotion Analysis System

The emotion analysis of Chinese language, basing on the foundation of Chinese words segmentation, aims to study and analyze the emotion that sentences and paragraphs express. Previous algorithm adapted Bayes Algorithm and Weight Algorithm to accomplishing the analysis part, however both of them are not as accurate as the results of some experiments and there is a large discrepancy between the analysis result and the reality on the strength degree of emotion. In this article, a new algorithm is brought forward which is based on the analysis of sentence structure combining with weight algorithm. After the segmentation of words, sentence structure and proposition words will be further analyzed. According to the result, the irrespective emotion of sentences or paragraphs will be largely filtered and finally the strength of words will be calculated and matched according to the weight algorithm. A large number of experiments show that this new algorithm can greatly improve the accuracy of emotion analysis.
Big Data Approaches for the Analysis of Large-Scale fMRI Data Using Apache Spark and GPU Processing: A Demonstration on Resting-State fMRI Data from the Human Connectome Project

Technologies for scalable analysis of very large datasets have emerged in the domain of internet computing, but are still rarely used in neuroimaging despite the existence of data and research questions in need of efficient computation tools especially in fMRI. In this work, we present software tools for the application of Apache Spark and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to neuroimaging datasets, in particular providing distributed file input for 4D NIfTI fMRI datasets in Scala for use in an Apache Spark environment. Examples for using this Big Data platform in graph analysis of fMRI datasets are shown to illustrate how processing pipelines employing it can be developed. With more tools for the convenient integration of neuroimaging file formats and typical processing steps, big data technologies could find wider endorsement in the community, leading to a range of potentially useful applications especially in view of the current collaborative creation of a wealth of large data repositories including thousands of individual fMRI datasets.