Studi Karakteristik Pompa Sentrifugal Dan Cussons Friction Loss Apparatus Dengan Modifikasi Orifice Dan Ball Valve

CUSSONS friction loss in pipe apparatus adalah salah satu perangkat pengujian head loss perpipaan berupa instalasi sistem perpipaan yang ada di Laboratorium Mekanika dan Mesin – mesin Fluida. Analisa sistem perpipaan dan pompa sangat diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi performa pompa. Sistem perpipaan CUSSONS friction loss in pipe apparatus menggunakan material Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) dan acrylic. Fitting perpipaan terdiri atas long radius elbow 90o, standard radius elbow 90o, elbow 45o, sudden contraction, sudden enlargement, dan ball valve serta flow meter berupa orifice dan venturi meter. Beberapa pressure tap dihubungkan dengan manometer raksa dengan spesific grafity (SG) 13,6. Head loss pipa dianalisis menggunakan formulasi Swamee-jain dan persamaan Drcy Weisach. Pompa centrifugal single stage terhubung dengan motor NEWMAN electric motor 1,5 hp, 2850 RPM. Pengujian melibatkan pengukuran tekanan suction dan discharge pompa. Pompa dapat beroperasi pada kapasitas maksimal 70 L/min. Variasi bilangan Reynolds pada aliran turbulen dilakukan pada debit 10 L/min hingga debit maksimal dengan kenaikan 5 L/min. Variasi bilangan Reynolds pada aliran turbulen dilakukan pada 6221,53 ≤ Re ≤ 109069,70 pada line pipa diameter terkecil hingga terbesar. Modifikasi juga dilakukan pada line III (D=3/4 in) dengan penambahan ball valve dengan 3 merk berbeda dan line II (D = ¾ in) penambahan orifice (β = 0,5). Dari ekperimen diperoleh grafik hubungan friction factor (f) dengan bilangan Reynolds (Re) pada line I. Pada pengujian head loss minor, diperoleh grafik hubungan loss coefficient (KL) dengan Re pada masing – masing fitting dan didapatkan pula grafik hubungan discharge coefficient (Cd) dengan Re pada masing – masing flow meter. Pada performa pompa, efisiensi tertinggi didapatkan sebesar 21,5%. Penelitian dilakukan pada aliran turbulen hingga debit maksimal 70 L/min. ===================================================================== CUSSONS friction loss in pipe apparatus is one of experimental head loss piping system in fluid and turbo machinery laboratory. Piping and pumping analysis is needed to evaluate pump performance. The materials of CUSSONS friction loss in pipe apparatus piping system is Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and acrylic. Pipe fittings consist of long radius elbow 90o, standard radius elbow 90o, elbow 45o, sudden contraction, sudden enlargement, and ball valve. Orifice and venturi are also inspected as flow meters. Some pressure taps are attached to the piping system and connected to a mercury manometer where the Specific Grafity of mercury (SG) is 13.6. Piping head losses are analyzed using Swamee-jain formulation dan Darcy Weisbach equation. Centrifugal single stage pump is connected to NEWMAN electric motor 1.5 hp, 2850 RPM. This experiment includes the calculation of suction and discharge pump pressure. Pump flow rate can be operated up to 70 L/min maximum. Reynolds number variation performed with flow rate variation starts from 10 L/min to maximum flow rate by 5 L/min. The variation of Reynolds number is on 6200 ˷ Re ˷ 110,000 in the smallest through the largest pipe diameter. Modifications were performed in line III (D = 3/4 in) by adding 3 different types of ball valves and installing orifice meter (β = 0,5) in line II (D = 3/4 in) This experiment was performed to determine the correlation of friction factor (f) and Reynolds numbers (Re) in line I. Experiment in head losses was performed by loss coefficient (KL) and Re graphics for all fittings. Discharge coefficient (Cd) and Re relations are also determined by flow rate measurement. By evaluating pump performance, the highest efficiency valued 21,5%.