Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the Origin of the Balıkesir Thermal Waters (Turkey) from Stable Isotope (d18O, dD, d13C, d34S) and Major-Trace Element Compositions

The Balikesir thermal waters in northwestern Turkey have discharge temperatures in the range of 31.8-98.5 oC, near neutral pH values of 6.40 to 8.40 and TDS contents between 327 and 2578 mg/l. Samples display variable chemical compositions changing from high-temperature Na2SO4-NaHCO3 waters to warmer CaHCO3 waters. Trace element concentrations of the waters show significant variation. Comparison between the concentrations of alkaline earth metals in waters and carbonate deposits reveals mobile behavior for Mg and Ba. The ratio of strontium to calcium concentrations in solid and liquid phases was found to be almost the same. Li/Cs and B/Cl ratios of waters and carbonates are similar suggesting the operation of a simple rock leaching process. Mineral equilibrium calculations imply that the CO2 concentration has a great effect on the chemistry of the thermal waters and that most fluid compositions are controlled by rock dissolution rather than equilibration. The chemical geothermometers applied to the Balikesir thermal waters yield a maximum reservoir temperature of 200 °C. The d18O-dD compositions clearly indicate a meteoric origin for the waters. d34S contents of sulfate in thermal waters range from -5.5 to +25.2%o. Sulfur isotope compositions of some waters correspond to those of non-marine evaporates while sulfur in others is derived from sulfate reduction. The d13C ratio for dissolved inorganic carbonate in the waters lies between -17.7 and +0.7%o. There are also multiple sources of carbon. In high-temperature waters carbon is thought to originate from the dissolution of marine carbonates, an interpretation supported by carbon isotope compositions of marine carbonate rocks in the region. Carbon in low-temperature waters is derived from an organic source.
Gaming the system: how predators induce prey to make themselves more vulnerable

We describe a natural situation that supports predictions of theoretical scenarios in which predators tactically influence the food - safety trade-off faced by prey to increase their vulnerability. By using low-cost ‘false attacks’ or otherwise advertising their presence, predators force prey to spend time in refuges or in other forms of safety-enhancing behavior, during which foraging is impaired or impossible. Prey must compensate by taking extra risks at other times or places to meet their energy requirements, and as a consequence become easier to capture. We used data on the occurrence of over-ocean flocking (OOF) by Pacific dunlins (Calidris alpina pacifica), and on the timing and success of attacks by peregrines. OOF is a safe but energetically expensive alternative to traditional roosting, and largely replaced the latter in Boundary Bay of southwest British Columbia as the presence of wintering peregrines rose during the 1990s. Peregrines appear to use ‘false’ or ‘non-serious’ attacks to shift the occurrence of OOF to a tidal time frame earlier than is ideal for dunlins, thereby creating later hunting opportunities during which dunlins were vulnerable than otherwise would have been the case. The shift increased dunlin mortality substantially. Tactics used by predators such as prominent perching, salient signals and unpredictable appearances, could have evolved because this forces prey to increase their level of caution, rendering them more vulnerable at other times or places.
Bradycardia May Decrease Cardiorespiratory Coupling in Preterm Infants

Bradycardia, frequently observed in preterm infants, presents significant risks due to the immaturity of their autonomic nervous system (ANS) and respiratory systems. These infants may face cardiorespiratory events, leading to severe complications like hypoxemia and neurodevelopmental disorders. Although neonatal care has advanced, the influence of bradycardia on cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) remains elusive. This exploratory study delves into CRC in preterm infants, emphasizing disparities between events with and without bradycardia. Using the Preterm Infant Cardio-Respiratory Signals (PICS) database, we analyzed interbeat (R-R) and inter-breath intervals (IBI) from 10 preterm infants. The time series were segmented into bradycardic (B) and non-bradycardic (NB) segments. Employing information theory measures, we quantified the irregularity of cardiac and respiratory time series. Notably, B segments had significantly lower entropy values for R-R and IBI than NB segments, while mutual information was higher in NB segments. This could imply a reduction in the complexity of respiratory and cardiac dynamics during bradycardic events, potentially indicating weaker CRC. Building on these insights, this research highlights the distinctive physiological characteristics of preterm infants and underscores the potential of emerging non-invasive diagnostic tools.
Alaska Salmon Enhancement Program 2007 Annual Report

1 The Regional Information Report Series was established in 1987 to provide an information access system for all unpublished divisional reports. These reports frequently serve diverse ad hoc informational purposes or archive basic uninterpreted data. To accommodate timely reporting of recently collected information, reports in this series undergo only limited internal review and may contain preliminary data, this information may be subsequently finalized and published in the formal literature. Consequently, these reports should not be cited without prior approval of the author or the Division of Commercial Fisheries.
Comparison of methods of snow cover mapping by analysing the solar spectrum of satellite remote sensing data in China

Three methods, supervised classification (SC), digital number (DN) statistics and Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), are used to map snow cover and then calculate snow cover area. Data sets from Landsat TM, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and NOAA/AVHRR are selected because these sensors of different spatial resolution provide the most up to date remote sensing data for China. The results show that the best method for obtaining the snow index is different for each of these sensor products because of their different spatial and temporal resolutions and objectives of application. Reflectivity threshold statistics (RTs) should be used if the data series is incomplete; whereas SC needs a relatively accurate signature file for classification. A valid and rational method has been certified which selects NDSI for extracting snow pixels. Meanwhile, we introduce the brightness compensation method for decreasing the impact of topographic shading on distinguishing of snow pixels.
Conference on ‘ Over-and undernutrition : challenges and approaches ’ Plenary Lecture 3 Food and the planet : nutritional dilemmas of greenhouse gas emission reductions through reduced intakes of meat and dairy foods

Legally-binding legislation is now in place to ensure major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the UK. Reductions in intakes of meat and dairy products, which account for approximately 40% of food-related emissions, are an inevitable policy option. The present paper assesses, as far as is possible, the risk to nutritional status of such a policy in the context of the part played by these foods in overall health and well-being and their contribution to nutritional status for the major nutrients that they supply. Although meat may contribute to saturated fat intakes and a higher BMI, moderate meat consumption within generally-healthy population groups has no measurable influence on morbidity or mortality. However, high consumption of red and processed meat has been associated with increased risk of colo-rectal cancer and recent advice is to reduce intakes to a maximum of 70 g/d. Such reductions in meat and haem-Fe intake are unlikely to influence Fe status in functional terms. However, overall protein intakes would probably fall, with the potential for intakes to be less than current requirements for the elderly. Whether it is detrimental to health is uncertain and controversial. Zn intakes are also likely to fall, raising questions about child growth that are currently unanswerable. Milk and dairy products, currently specifically recommended for young children and pregnant women, provide 30–40% of dietary Ca, iodine, vitamin B12 and riboflavin. Population groups with low milk intakes generally show low intakes and poor status for each of these nutrients. Taken together it would appear that the reductions in meat and dairy foods, which are necessary to limit environmental damage, do pose serious nutritional challenges for some key nutrients. These challenges can be met, however, by improved public health advice on alternative dietary sources and by increasing food fortification.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye by TiO2 and Gold Nanoparticles Supported on a Floating Porous Polydimethylsiloxane Sponge under Ultraviolet and Visible Light Irradiation

A combination of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) with semiconductor photocatalysts, called plasmonic photocatalysts, can be a good candidate for highly efficient photocatalysts using broadband solar light because it can greatly enhance overall photocatalytic efficiency by extending the working wavelength range of light from ultraviolet (UV) to visible. In particular, fixation of plasmonic photocatalysts on a floating porous substrate can have additional advantages for their recycling after water treatment. Here, we report on a floating porous plasmonic photocatalyst based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)–TiO2–gold (Au) composite sponge, in which TiO2 and Au NPs are simultaneously immobilized on the surface of interconnected pores in the PDMS sponge. This can be easily fabricated by a simple sugar-template method with TiO2 NPs and in situ reduction of Au NPs by the PDMS without extra chemicals. Its ability to decompose the organic pollutant rhodamine B in water was tested under UV and visible light, respectively. The results showed highly enhanced photocatalytic activity under both UV and visible light compared to the PDMS–TiO2 sponge and the PDMS–Au sponge. Furthermore, its recyclability was also demonstrated for multiple cycles. The simplicity of fabrication and high photocatalytic performance of our PDMS–TiO2–Au sponge can be promising in environmental applications to treat water pollution.
Contribution méthodologique au suivi appliqué au blongios nain Ixobrychus minufus en zone d'étangs

The Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus breeding population of fish farming ponds of Bresse (Jura - Eastern France) was studied over four years (2001-2004). Various breeding bird censuses techniques used and to estimate the population of this secretive species (tape-luring, point counts, time in detecting elusive specie.) are described and analysed in comparison on the few published studies and documents. As a result, it appears that the method using only point counts was as effective as tape-luring with the added advantage of not disturbing the breeding birds. Therefore the former should be preferred when estimating Little Bittern breeding population or monitoring known populations.
The Relationship Between Self Efficacy and Family Support With Hypertension Treatment Adherence of Elderly

Hypertension is a degenerative disease that increasing in its prevalence. Hypertension requires a long enough time to its treatment, even if there are no symptoms the patients should continue taking medication. So, patients need to obey to take medication. Adherence to taking medication correlated with self-efficacy and family support. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and family support in hypertension treatment adherence of the elderly at Widasari Health Center, Indramayu Regency. The research design is a cross-sectional study. The sample of this research was 78 elderly. The data analysis used univariate to explain independent variables such as self-efficacy and family support, the dependent variable is hypertension treatment adherence, while the bivariate was used to determine the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. Dependent variable using the chi-square statistical test. The result of this research showed that 61.5% of the elderly had high self-efficacy criteria, 71.8% of the elderly received their family support, and 60.3% of the elderly obey to hypertension treatment adherence. The chi-square statistical test showed that there was a relationship between self-efficacy and family support with hypertension treatment adherence and also there is a relationship between self-efficacy and the level of adherence to taking medication in people with hypertension. It is recommended to increase the elderly self-efficacy by being able to communicate with fellow elderly who are undergoing hypertension treatment and now have reduced symptoms due to treatment adherence. Nurses should be able to provide health promotion about the importance of self-efficacy and family support in increasing compliance for the elderly undergoing hypertension treatment.
Statistical analysis and interpretation of surface-wave anelastic attenuation data for the stable interior of North America

As a byproduct of determining the source characteristics of some earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions, a body of fundamental-mode Rayleigh- and Love-wave anelastic attenuation values is available for propagation paths in the stable interior of North America in the 5- to 50-sec-period range. The anelastic attenuation values were obtained from four earthquakes occurring in the New Madrid seismic region, one earthquake in the northern Hudson Bay region, and three underground nuclear explosions in the western United States. In obtaining the anelastic attenuation data, a simple statistical test was applied to test the reliability of the observations. The anelastic attenuation coefficients are presented together with their 95 per cent confidence levels. A stochastic form of the Backus-Gilbert inverse formalism was applied to a subset of these data to yield a Qβ model for the stable interior of North America. The model is characterized by relatively low Qβ values for the upper crust and a rapid transition to much higher values for the lower crust.
Open Research

For a compact set Γ ⊂ R 2 and a point x , we deﬁne the visible part of Γ from x to be the set Γ x = { u ∈ Γ : [ x,u ] ∩ Γ = { u }} . (Here [ x,u ] denotes the closed line segment joining x to u .) In this paper, we use energies to show that if Γ is a compact connected set of Hausdorﬀ dimension larger than one, then for (Lebesgue) almost every point x ∈ R 2 , the Hausdorﬀ dimension of Γ x is strictly less than the Hausdorﬀ dimension of Γ. In fact, for almost every x, dim H (Γ x ) ≤ 1 2 + r dim H (Γ) − 3 4 . We also give an estimate of the Hausdorﬀ dimension of those points where the visible set has dimension larger than σ + 12 + q dim H (Γ) − 34 for σ > 0.
Adaptive Faceted Search on Twitter

Social tagging represents an innovative and powerful mechanism introduced by social Web: it shifts the task of classifying resources from a reduced set of knowledge engineers to the wide set of Web users. Tags generate folksonomies; in the current popular social tagging systems (such as delicious or Bibsonomy), they are difficult to manage, modify, and visualize in dynamic and personalized ways. The aim of this paper is to describe Folkview, an innovative way to conceive a folksonomy in terms of a multi-agent system. Folkview is able to support specific modular tools for personalizing customized and dynamic visualization features allowing users to simply update, manage and modify a folksonomy.
Supporting Software Development as Collective Creative Knowledge Work

We view software development as a system of evolution consisting of the three elements: (1) artifacts, (2) individual developers, and (3) a community of developers. An individual’s determining what artifacts to contribute and how, with whom to communicate by asking or answering, and which role to play within the community affects the quality of software to be developed; how the developers relate to each other does matter. Software development should be viewed as a system of evolution driven through metabolic processes of how artifacts, developers, and the community grow. This paper describes the framework of viewing software design as a collective creative knowledge work, and outlines possible research areas to pursue.
Designing the Shape of the Gold Coast Reef: Sediment Dynamics

A shore-normal, submerged reef, in the form of a double-sided headland, was designed to control a nourished beach alignment and improve surfing quality at Narrowneck Beach on Australia's Gold Coast. The develop the final shape, patterns of sedimentation around the reef and effects on adjacent beaches were numerically simulated for 17 different cases of wave height, wave direction and tidal level to assess the reefs impacts on local and regional sediment dynamics. The reef was found to provide an effective coastal control point, without causing a total blockage to littoral drift in a region presently experiencing up to 500,000 m3.yr'' of net northward movement. Patterns of sedimentation are highly variable between wave scenario cases and for high and low tide. However, sedimentation is consistently largest in the paddling channel, the outer rim of the reef and on the inner flanks of the two headland arms. The submerged reef remains relatively transparent to interruption of natural littoral drift. This occurs because of: (a) high penetration of waves into the lee of the reef which has a narrow aspect ratio in relation to the wide distribution of wave directions at the site; (b) the submerged nature of the reef which allows waves and sediment to pass over the reef crest; and (c) the placement of the most-shoreward part of the reef on the 2 m isobath to allow longshore transport to pass between the reef and the beach.
Tidally Driven Vorticity, Diurnal Shear, and Turbulence atop Fieberling Seamount

Abstract Fine- and microstructure profiles collected over Fieberling Seamount at 32°26′N in the eastern North Pacific reveal a variety of intensified baroclinic motions driven by astronomical diurnal tides. The forced response consists of three phenomena coexisting in a layer 200 m thick above the summit plain: (i) an anticyclonic vortex cap of core relative vorticity − 0.5f, (ii) diurnal fluctuations of ±15 cm s−1 amplitude and 200-m vertical wavelength, and (iii) turbulence levels corresponding to an eddy diffusivity κe ≅ 10 × 10−4 m2 s−1. The vortex cannot be explained by Taylor–Proudman dynamics because of its − 0.3fN2 negative potential vorticity anomaly. The ±0.3f fortnightly cycle in the vortex’s strength suggests that it is at least partially maintained against dissipative erosion by tidal rectification. The diurnal motions are slightly subinertial, turning clockwise in time and counterclockwise with depth over the summit plain. They also exhibit a fortnightly cycle in their amplitude, pointing to.
Estimating Diurnal Variation of Soil Heat Flux for Alfalfa and Grass

Soil heat flux (G) is an important component of evapotranspiration (ET) modeling, especially for estimating hourly ET values. Meteorological and agronomic measurements were made at Kimberly, Idaho, with the purpose of establishing relationships to estimate the diurnal variations of soil heat flux for alfalfa and grass. For alfalfa, the relationship between G and net radiation (Rn) presented pronounced hysteresis effects, which decreased with increasing plant cover. Empirical equations to estimate diurnal variation of G from Rn and plant height (h) were derived. For low cover conditions, including radiometric surface temperature (Tc) improved the performance of the model. For grass, the hysteresis effects were not as pronounce as for alfalfa. Acceptable relationships were found between G and Rn, and also between G and Tc (r 2 ˜ 0.90) for plant heights between 0.1-0.2 m. An improved model (r 2 = 0.94) was obtained by including both Rn and Tc in the regression model.
Testing an Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Soil Hydraulic Conductivity

Multilinear regression has been used extensively to predict soil hydraulic properties, both the θ(h) and K(h) relationships, from easily obtainable soil variables. As an alternative, this study investigated the performance of an artificial radial basis neural network in predicting some K(h) values from other variables. This kind of neural network may be seen as a multivariate interpolation technique, which can theoretically fit any nonlinear continuous function. Neural networks are characterized by parameters that must be optimized to solve a given problem. We used fitting procedure requiring only two parameters to ensure a unique solution. These two parameters were determined by data splitting. Hypothetical data bases with uncertainties were simulated to analyze the performance of the neural network in predicting a nonlinear relation derived from a classical model for K(h). A soil data base covering a broad spectrum of soil horizons was used to test the neural network in solving multivariate problems. Numerical simulations showed that the neural network was sensitive to large uncertainties in the data base. It was more efficient than a multilinear regression when the uncertainties were small. Experimental results showed that the neural network was more efficient than the multilinear regression for predicting K(h = -1 m) or K(h = - 2.5 m) from two qualitative and five quantitative soil variables. It was also more efficient than two independent multilinear regressions, one for the sandy samples and the other for the loamy and clayey samples. Provided that a large data base with accurate K values is available, artificial neural networks can be useful to predict θ(h) and K(h) over a broad spectrum of soils.
Ž Š T E THE INFLUENCE OF USERGENERATED CONTENT ON TOURISTS’ CHOICES UTJECAJ SADRŽAJA KOJI STVARAJU KORISNICI NA ODABIRE TURISTA

Most research on user-generated content (UGC) has focused on readers of comments and reviews. However, very little research is aimed at proﬁ ling travelers based on the extent to which their decisions regarding the choice of hotels are inﬂ by UGC. This research was therefore carried out to proﬁ le tourists based on the extent to which their choices of hotels are inﬂ uenced by erent types of peer-to-peer applications, while also considering their socio-demographic characteristics, frequency of travel, and motivations for using the Internet and UGC when mak-SAŽETAK