Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Surface Roughness of Different Orthodontic Archwires: Atomic Force Microscopic Study

Background: Surface roughness (SR) of dental components is significant because it impacts the surface area of the contact surface, which in turn affects corrosion behavior and biological compatibility. Orthodontic archwires (OA) with SR can affect the coefficient of friction, which in turn affects how effectively sliding biomechanics work and how the orthodontic appliance works efficiently. Aim: The objectives of the present investigation were to examine the SR of five distinct kinds of OA using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and to assess the merits of using AFM to analyze orthodontic materials. Methods: For this investigation, there were five distinct orthodontic archwires with rectangular cross-sectional geometry. There were assigned different categories: Category 1: SmartArch wires (Ormco) (n=20), Category 2: Damon wires (Ormco) (n=20), Category 3: heat-activated nickel-titanium (HANT) wires (G&H Orthodontics) (n=20), Category 4: nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires (G&H Orthodontics) (n=20), Category 5: stainless steel (SS) wires (Ormco) (n=20). Each wire category's 20 samples were selected. Ten samples from each category had 5 mm of wire clipped from the finish point of the archwires. These were observed using the AFM in natural lighting. Using a cyanoacrylate glue that dries quickly, the samples were fastened to a metal holder. Ten randomly chosen patches of the surface, each measuring 15 × 15 µm, were taken from every sample and examined (N = 500). Results: The mean values of roughness average (Ra) in category 1, category 2, category 3, category 4 and category 5 were 23.08 ± 17.66, 26.78 ± 5.65, 26.66 ± 3.89, 9.71 ± 0.29 and 11.29 ± 2.12 respectively. The values of Ra representing SR were greatest in category 3 (HANT wires) followed by category 2 (Damon wires) while values of SR were minimum in category 4 (NiTi wires) and category 5 (stainless steel wires). The findings had statistical significance also. Conclusion: The SR of stainless steel wire was discovered to be less than that of the other wires. The SR may have an impact on the efficiency of sliding mechanics as well as the appeal and corrosion resistance of orthodontic components.
CEO as a Professor: A Connection Perspective Between Theory and Practice in Engineering Programs

This Work-In-Progress paper focuses on the engineering entrepreneurship program at a university in southwestern Texas with the participation of professors who were senior executives in relevant USA companies. We describe the teaching and practice process characterizing the Aristotelian Praxis and a structure to conduct ethnographic research. An uncommon methodology in engineering, ethnography has presented promising possibilities when it is desired to analyze spontaneous behaviors, cultures, and personal impressions of the researched. The research, still under development, involved approximately 60 students and five professors and had its data collected over a year. The student's perception of the classes conducted by professors was recorded as partial results, in addition to seeking to understand the reasons that led these successful executives to become professors. The research continues to investigate the impacts of this new profile of teachers on students who have already graduated.
A global dynamic long-term inundation extent dataset at high spatial resolution derived through downscaling of satellite observations

A new procedure is introduced to downscale low-spatial-resolution inundation extents from Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellites (GIEMS) to a 3-arc-s (90 m) dataset (known as GIEMS-D3). The methodology is based on topography and hydrography information from the HydroSHEDS database. A new floodability index is introduced and an innovative smoothing procedure is developed to ensure a smooth transition, in the high-resolution maps, between the low-resolution boxes from GIEMS. Topography information is pertinent for natural hydrology environments controlled by elevation but is more limited in human-modified basins. However, the proposed downscaling approach is compatible with forthcoming fusion of other, more pertinent satellite information in these difficult regions. The resulting GIEMS-D3 database is the only high-spatial-resolution inundation database available globally at a monthly time scale over the 1993-2007 period. GIEMS-D3 is assessed by analyzing its spatial and temporal variability and evaluated by comparisons to other independent satellite observations from visible (Google Earth and Landsat), infrared (MODIS), and active microwave (synthetic aperture radar).
INTEGRASI DATA MULTIBEAM BATIMETRI DAN MOSAIK BACKSCATTER UNTUK KLASIFIKASI TIPE SEDIMEN

Sistem multibeam echosounder tidak hanya memperoleh presisi tinggi dalam pengolahan data batimetri saja, tetapi juga mendapatkan resolusi tinggi dalam data backscatter strenght (BS) dasar perairan. Sejumlah penelitian telah menerapkan metode akustik untuk mengklasifikasikan tipe sedimen dasar perairan dengan menggunakan data backscatter , dan hasil klasifikasi yang diperoleh lebih baik daripada sampling sedimen secara tradisional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengintegrasikan hasil data multibeam echosounder dalam penentuan batimetri dan pengklasifikasian tipe sedimen dasar perairan.Penelitian menggunakan data survei batimetri multibeam echosounder Kongsbergs EM 2040C di Sungai Kapuas Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Penentuan batimetri menggunakan metode Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator (CUBE), sedangkan klasifikasi tipe sedimen menggunakan metode Angular Response (ARA) dan Sediment Analysis (SAT) yang semuanya tertanam dalam software Caris Hips and Ships versi 9.0. Hasil klasifikasi tipe sedimen secara unsupervised terdapat empat tipe sedimen. Nilai intensitas tipe sedimen kerikil ( gravel ) berkisar antara -16 dB hingga -13 dB, pasir ( sand ) berkisar antara -22 dB hingga -17 dB, lumpur ( silt ) antara -26 dB hingga -23 dB dan lempung ( clay ) berkisar antara -34 dB hingga -29 dB.
The Impact of Time-shift Estimation and Correction on Two 4D Attributes - Amplitude Difference and Velocity Change

4D seismic data can provide valuable insights to the reservoir and non-reservoir interpretation. Seismic attributes like amplitude difference and velocity change are commonly used to perform such task. All these attributes are computed after correlating monitor and base datasets, where time-shifts are observed. The technique responsible to correlate monitor and base amplitudes is called warping. In this study we apply the warping technique defined in Hale (2009) to the Norne field benchmark case. We investigate how uncertainties related to the choice of parameters used in Hale’s method impact on the time-shifts computation and in two 4D seismic derived attributes: amplitude difference and velocity change. We show that the time-shifts computation and the amplitude difference after time-shift correction are robust when considering different parameter values, while the results of velocity change are affected by the parameter choice.
Micro-Expression Recognition Based on Nodal Efficiency in the EEG Functional Networks

Micro-expression recognition based on ima- ges has made some progress, yet limitations persist. For instance, image-based recognition of micro-expressions is affected by factors such as ambient light, changes in head posture, and facial occlusion. The high temporal resolution of electroencephalogram (EEG) technology can record brain activity associated with micro-expressions and identify them objectively from a neurophysiological standpoint. Accordingly, this study introduces a novel method for recognizing micro-expressions using node efficiency features of brain networks derived from EEG signals. We designed a real-time Supervision and Emotional Expression Suppression (SEES) experimental paradigm to collect video and EEG data reflecting micro- and macro-expression states from 70 participants experiencing positive emotions. By constructing functional brain networks based on graph theory, we analyzed the network efficiencies at both macro- and micro-levels. The participants exhibited lower connection density, global efficiency, and nodal efficiency in the alpha, beta, and gamma networks during micro-expressions compared to macro-expressions. We then selected the optimal subset of nodal efficiency features using a random forest algorithm and applied them to various classifiers, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient-Boosted Decision Tree (GBDT), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). These classifiers achieved promising accuracy in micro-expression recognition, with SVM exhibiting the highest accuracy of 92.6% when 15 channels were selected. This study provides a new neuroscientific indicator for recognizing micro-expressions based on EEG signals, thereby broadening the potential applications for micro-expression recognition.
The Impact of the Richmondian Invasion on Paleobiogeographic Distribution of Taxa in the Late Ordovician C4 Sequence (Richmondian Stage, Cincinnati, Ohio) Including a Comparison of Range Reconstruction Methods

Within the Cincinnati, Ohio region, the beginning stage of a large-scale biotic invasion is recorded in the C4 depositional sequence (Late Ordovician, Richmondian Stage), which includes the Arnheim Formation and its correlates. The fauna and strata of this region are well studied and the ecological changes present in these strata provide a unique opportunity to study biogeographic changes associated with the onset of a biotic invasion. GIS-based ecological niche modeling (ENM) was used to examine the biogeographic and paleoecological impact of both the regression and the biotic invasion of the C4 sequence. GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction), an ENM program, was used to model species’ fundamental niches from environmental data as estimated from sedimentological variables associated with known species occurrence data. Once environmental parameters of the niche are modeled, the resulting rule set is used to project the geographic boundaries of potential habitat and estimate the spatial extent occupied by each species. Ranges of ten brachiopod species were modeled for three temporal intervals within the C4 sequence. Modeled ranges provide the basis for quantitatively assessing the shifting roles of native and invasive species throughout the C4 sequence. Several 14 overarching trends occur within the fauna. (1) Generalists tend to track their habitats closely from the first into the second time interval and maintain or expand the size of their geographic range during this transition. (2) Ecological specialists exhibit decreasing geographic range size through the sequence and are more likely to shift geographic areas inhabited within the study area. (3) A large range shift was observed by all species late in the sequence, representing the stabilization of community structure following the biotic invasion and concomitant community reorganization. Introduction Within the Cincinnati, Ohio region, the Late Ordovician strata of the C4 depositional sequence record the beginning stages of a large-scale biotic invasion (Arnheim Formation and its correlates). The Richmondian Invasion marked the introduction of migrant species to the Cincinnati Arch region from Canada and the western United States (Patzkowsky and Holland 1996). Both the fauna and the strata have been extensively studied since the early 1900’s (Nickles 1902, Foerste 1912, Wolford 1927, Tobin 1982, Holland 1990, Brett et al. 1990, Patzkowsky and Holland 1997). The paleoecological changes that occur at the onset of the Richmondian Invasion are so substantial that they were once thought to be the boundary between the Ordovician and Silurian (e.g., Foerste 1912, Ulrich 1914, Shideler 1916). Six stratigraphic sequences (C1-C6) have been delineated within the Cincinnatian strata (Holland and Patzkowsky 1996) (Fig. 1). The first three sequences of the Cincinnatian Series precede the invasion
The last two transmembrane helices in the APC-type FurE transporter act as an intramolecular chaperone essential for concentrative ER-exit

FurE is a H+ symporter specific for the cellular uptake of uric acid, allantoin, uracil, and toxic nucleobase analogues in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Being member of the NCS1 protein family, FurE is structurally related to the APC-superfamily of transporters. APC-type transporters are characterised by a 5+5 inverted repeat fold made of ten transmembrane segments (TMS1-10) and function through the rocking-bundle mechanism. Most APC-type transporters possess two extra C-terminal TMS segments (TMS11-12), the function of which remains elusive. Here we present a systematic mutational analysis of TMS11-12 of FurE and show that two specific aromatic residues in TMS12, Trp473 and Tyr484, are essential for ER-exit and trafficking to the plasma membrane (PM). Molecular modeling shows that Trp473 and Tyr484 might be essential through dynamic interactions with residues in TMS2 (Leu91), TMS3 (Phe111), TMS10 (Val404, Asp406) and other aromatic residues in TMS12. Genetic analysis confirms the essential role of Phe111, Asp406 and TMS12 aromatic residues in FurE ER-exit. We further show that co-expression of FurE-Y484F or FurE-W473A with wild-type FurE leads to a dominant negative phenotype, compatible with the concept that FurE molecules oligomerize or partition in specific microdomains to achieve concentrative ER-exit and traffic to the PM. Importantly, truncated FurE versions lacking TMS11-12 are unable to reproduce a negative effect on the trafficking of co-expressed wild-type FurE. Overall, we show that TMS11-12 acts as an intramolecular chaperone for proper FurE folding, which seems to provide a structural code for FurE partitioning in ER-exit sites.
Understanding Students' Frustration and Confusion during a Programming Task: A Multimodal Approach

For novice students, learning programming is hard, hence, inducing a variety of emotions. According to literature, two of the most commonly occurring emotions that students experience while learning programming are frustration and confusion. Although these emotions are momentary, they may have long-term effects on students' motivation, performance, and retention in computing. In this study, we aim to discuss challenges that students report when they feel frustration and confusion while working on the rainfall problem. This problem has been used extensively in literature to understand students' problem-solving skills. However, little is understood about how students react emotionally when they work on this problem. We recruited twenty-eight students who took CS1 during Fall 2022. They worked on the problem for twenty minutes while we collected their biometrics, clickstream, and keystroke data. A retrospective think-aloud interview was conducted soon after the task, where participants elaborated on their emotional experiences while watching the video replay of their programming task. We analyzed interview data using qualitative content analysis and triangulated these findings with biometric, clickstream, and keystroke data. Some of the challenges that trigger confusion and frustration are getting unexpected output, inability to resolve compilation and logical issues, forgetting syntax, and conceptual misunderstanding. Moreover, we found an alignment between the different data sources to provide a near real-time view of emotional experiences. Instructors may use the findings of this study to design interventions that support problem-solving, such as problem-based teaching, using interactive programming tools, and tracing for debugging.
Phaseolus vulgaris mutants reveal variation in the nuclear genome

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) is an essential source of proteins in the human diet worldwide. Bean breeding programs to increase genetic diversity based on induced mutagenesis have a long tradition in Bulgaria. Common bean varieties with high productivity, wide environmental adaptability, good nutritional properties, and improved disease resistance have been successfully developed. In this study, we aimed to investigate selected nuclear genome features, such as the genome size, the number and chromosomal distribution of 5S and 35S rDNA loci by using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), as well as the level of DNA damage in some local Bulgarian accessions and mutants of P. vulgaris. Flow cytometry analyses revealed no significant differences in genome size between analyzed lines except for one of the analyzed mutants, M19. The value of genome size 2C DNA is about 1.37 pg2C -1 for all lines, whereas it is 1.42 pg2C-1 for M19. The chromosome number remains the same (2n=22) for all analyzed lines. Results of FISH analyses showed that the number of 5S rDNA was stable among accessions and mutant lines (four loci), while the number of 35S rDNA loci was shown as highly polymorphic, varying between ten and sixteen, and displaying differences in the size and location of 35S rDNA loci between analyzed genotypes. The cell cycle profile was different for the analyzed genotypes. The results revealed that wide variation in genome organization and size as well as DNA damage characterizes the analyzed genetic resources of the common bean.
Habitat value of cities and rice paddies for amphibians in rapidly urbanizing Vietnam

The lowlands of Southeast Asia are rich in biodiversity and many are being drastically altered through rapid urbanization. There are few remaining pristine ecosystems to support amphibian species that depend on these lowlands, and human-dominated landscapes contain an increasing proportion of potential habitats. We studied amphibian communities and associated habitat characteristics of water bodies in three land-use types (urban, suburban, and rice paddy) in each of three large metropolitan areas (Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City). Each of the 12 amphibian species documented was found in all three land-use types. Although all species were present in urban habitats, their occurrence, alpha diversity, and abundance were lower there compared with suburban areas or rice paddies. Individual species showed differential responses to habitat characteristics, and species richness was positively associated with presence of aquatic vegetation, presence of shallow areas, amount of surrounding vegetated uplands, and banks constructed of soil rather than concrete or rock. Urbanization tended to decrease all of these associated features. During the 10 months of this study, at least 14% of the surveyed urban and suburban water bodies were altered in ways that greatly or entirely reduced amphibian breeding. However, simple habitat enhance-ments could be beneﬁcial; half of the species we found bred in concrete fountains that included potted ornamental plants and that were located in manicured parks in the center of Ho Chi Minh City. Although continued urbanization threatens native amphibians, cities are able to support many species where key habitat features are present.
Vehicle re-identification method based on multi-attribute dense linking network combined with distance control module

Introduction Vehicle re-identification is a crucial task in intelligent transportation systems, presenting enduring challenges. The primary challenge involves the inefficiency of vehicle re-identification, necessitating substantial time for recognition within extensive datasets. A secondary challenge arises from notable image variations of the same vehicle due to differing shooting angles, lighting conditions, and diverse camera equipment, leading to reduced accuracy. This paper aims to enhance vehicle re-identification performance by proficiently extracting color and category information using a multi-attribute dense connection network, complemented by a distance control module. Methods We propose an integrated vehicle re-identification approach that combines a multi-attribute dense connection network with a distance control module. By merging a multi-attribute dense connection network that encompasses vehicle HSV color attributes and type attributes, we improve classification rates. The integration of the distance control module widens inter-class distances, diminishes intra-class distances, and boosts vehicle re-identification accuracy. Results To validate the feasibility of our approach, we conducted experiments using multiple vehicle re-identification datasets. We measured various quantitative metrics, including accuracy, mean average precision, and rank-n. Experimental results indicate a significant enhancement in the performance of our method in vehicle re-identification tasks. Discussion The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the application of multi-attribute neural networks and deep learning in the field of vehicle re-identification. By effectively extracting color information from the HSV color space and vehicle category information using a multi-attribute dense connection network, coupled with the utilization of a distance control module to process vehicle features, our approach demonstrates improved performance in vehicle re-identification tasks, contributing to the advancement of smart city systems.
Psychology Techniques in Education Improve Student Academic Outcomes and Mental Health

Thirty percent of engineering students suffer from extremely severe stress leading to mental health challenges, poor executive functioning skills (e.g., focus, planning), and as a result, poor academic performance. Research suggests that psychological techniques of persuasion may be effective in reducing stress and improving mental health, and therefore may be beneficial techniques to utilize in engineering classrooms. There are six primary persuasion techniques: reciprocity, liking, social proof, scarcity, commitment, and authority (coercive and expert). These are used to build relationships, increase motivation, and manage decisions during uncertainty. The objective of our study was to evaluate the relationship between engineering students' perceptions of their professors' use of persuasion and the students' self-reported academic and mental health outcomes. We hypothesized that methods that enhance community and improve sense of belonging (reciprocity, commitment, liking, social proof) would lead to better academic and mental health outcomes, and methods associated with negative professor attitudes (coercive authority) would lead to poor academic and mental health outcomes. The data partially supports the hypotheses, with various student academic and mental health outcomes significantly improving with higher use of liking, social proof, commitment, and expert authority, and worsening with higher use of coercive authority. The results suggest that by using liking, social proof, expert authority, and commitment in the classroom and decreasing coercive techniques, professors can improve student grades and mental health.