Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision tree classification algorithm based on cost and benefit dual-sensitive

Decision tree classifier based on cost-sensitive is a hot research direction in recent years. Although this method can get decision results with lower cost, there are some limitations in practical application for default considering the benefits of correct classification. This article defines the conception of correct classification benefit, and then builds a novel decision tree based on cost and benefit dual-sensitive (CBDSDT). In order to obtain the best classification result with lower cost and higher benefit, our method takes into account the test cost, misclassification cost, attribute information and correct classification benefit. Experiments demonstrate that our method has better usability and stability.
Low-Profile Planar Tripolarization Antenna for WLAN Communications

A tripolarization and low-profile planar antenna is designed, prototyped, and tested for WLAN application. The developed three-port antenna provides three orthogonal polarization radiations. Two slot-coupled microstrip antennas and a disk-loaded monopole are integrated into one structure. The total height of the antenna is 5.8 mm. Obtained gain for the two slot-coupled directive elements at 2.42 GHz is 7 dBi, while the gain for the monopole omnidirectional element is 2.5 dBi. The bandwidths of the three elements are 2.352.52, 2.32.54, and 2.382. 49 GHz, respectively. Simulation results of the radiation patterns are presented and validated by experimental measurements.
Secure Encounter-Based Mobile Social Networks: Requirements, Designs, and Tradeoffs

Encounter-based social networks and encounter-based systems link users who share a location at the same time, as opposed to the traditional social network paradigm of linking users who have an offline friendship. This new approach presents challenges that are fundamentally different from those tackled by previous social network designs. In this paper, we explore the functional and security requirements for these new systems, such as availability, security, and privacy, and present several design options for building secure encounter-based social networks. To highlight these challenges, we examine one recently proposed encounter-based social network design and compare it to a set of idealized security and functionality requirements. We show that it is vulnerable to several attacks, including impersonation, collusion, and privacy breaching, even though it was designed specifically for security. Mindful of the possible pitfalls, we construct a flexible framework for secure encounter-based social networks, which can be used to construct networks that offer different security, privacy, and availability guarantees. We describe two example constructions derived from this framework, and consider each in terms of the ideal requirements. Some of our new designs fulfill more requirements in terms of system security, reliability, and privacy than previous work. We also evaluate real-world performance of one of our designs by implementing a proof-of-concept iPhone application called MeetUp. Experiments highlight the potential of our system and hint at the deployability of our designs on a large scale.
The Voting Behavior of Young Disenfranchised Felons: Would They Vote if They Could?

This paper utilizes two nationally representative surveys to study the voting behavior of young adult criminals. We find significant differences in voter turnout and registration rates of criminals and noncriminals. According to the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, just 26% of ever incarcerated individuals voted in the 2004 Presidential election; these individuals were thirty-one percentage points less likely to vote than nonincarcerated individuals. Regressions of voting on arrest and incarceration and a large set of observable characteristics indicate that analyses based on data sets excluding measures of criminal history will overestimate voter turnout rates by six to nineteen percentage points. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Negation in discourse: a text world approach to Joseph Heller’s Catch-22

This article presents a discourse-based approach to negation by applying text world theory to the analysis of negation in the novel Catch-22, by Joseph Heller (1986 [1961]), The model developed for the analysis of negation is based on Werth’s (1999) notion of negation as a subworld which modifies information which is present in the common ground of the discourse. By so doing, negation contributes to the general discourse function of updating information in the text world. Additionally, negation may form part of contradictory structures which, being self-contained units, do not contribute to the updating discourse function but, rather, seem to block the flow of information. The analysis of the functions of negation is framed within a broader framework of stylistic analysis, where the objective is to discuss how the foregrounded nature of negation as a recursive feature in Catch-22 may have a defamiliarizing effect. The argument put forward in this article is that negation plays a crucial role in the expression of a conflict between what is presented as real and what is presented as not real in the fictional world; this conflict, in its turn, has important consequences for the way the story develops and the way major themes of the novel are treated.
On the Orientability of Shapes

The orientation of a shape is a useful quantity, and has been shown to affect performance of object recognition in the human visual system. Shape orientation has also been used in computer vision to provide a properly oriented frame of reference, which can aid recognition. However, for certain shapes, the standard moment-based method of orientation estimation fails. We introduce as a new shape feature shape orientability, which defines the degree to which a shape has distinct (but not necessarily unique) orientation. A new method is described for measuring shape orientability, and has several desirable properties. In particular, unlike the standard moment-based measure of elongation, it is able to differentiate between the varying levels of orientability of n-fold rotationally symmetric shapes. Moreover, the new orientability measure is simple and efficient to compute (for an n-gon we describe an O(n) algorithm)
A critical evaluation of education reforms in Hong Kong: Counting our losses to economic globalisation

Not long after the political transition in 1997, Hong Kong witnessed a spate of top-down education reforms that had been conceived within the neoliberal ideology of economic globalisation. Neoliberalism is particularly pervasive here, because of the underdevelopment of representative politics and of critical, social democratic discourse in society. This article examines how education has been shortchanged by these reforms that dovetail with various processes arising from neoliberalism. These processes include privatisation, managerialism and performativity within the schools, as well as standardisation and surveillance in the curriculum. While teachers experience subjection to a new form of governmental discipline, society as a whole suffers from increasing polarisation in education provision. The reinvention of a humanist education agenda is urgently called for but, unfortunately, this is fraught with great difficulties.
Intelligent Sales Support on the Web Using Case-based Reasoning Techniques for Online Catalogs and Product Databases (not for Distribution or Attribution: for Review Purposes Only.)

Electronic commerce applications are just about to leave their infancy. While electronic cash has been around for quite a few years, the amount of business carried out through the Internet is still very small compared to the potentials of this young technology. There are plenty of reasons for this and these are only a few of them: It is diicult to guarantee secure transactions on the Internet and the discussion about strong cryptography still has not come to an end. Many customers still do not fully accept the new media for one reason or the other. Interface design of online catalogs is a youngàrt' and often still experimental. As in every ordinary catalog, it is often very diicult for customers to nd the information or products she 1 actually needs. Many technologies have been (and still are being) developed to address the rst three points on this list, and some of these technologies are already being used extensively. But there are still very few promising approaches to the last point which is the focus of this article. It is the authors' opinion that most electronic catalogs and online shops by far do not utilize the beneets of interactivity that is ooered by today's technologies. Looking at existing online catalogs one will nd that their search and indexing capabilities are often only little more useful than their printed counterparts. 1 We avoid more general forms like \he or she" to keep the text easily readable.
Hypocholesterolaemic effects of milk-kefir and soyamilk-kefir in cholesterol-fed hamsters

This study aimed to evaluate the hypocholesterolaemic property of milk-kefir and soyamilk-kefir. Male hamsters were fed on a cholesterol-free or cholesterol-enriched diet containing 10% skimmed milk, milk-kefir, soyamilk or soyamilk-kefir for a period of 8 weeks. The soyamilk, milk-kefir and soyamilk-kefir diets all tended towards a lowering of serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol concentrations, and a reduction of cholesterol accumulation in the liver, the decrease in serum cholesterol concentration being mainly in the non-HDL fraction. The soyamilk-kefir diet led to a significant increase in the faecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids compared with the other two diets. The soyamilk-kefir diet also elicited a significant decrease in the serum ratio of non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol, compared with the control, than was the case for the other diets. These findings demonstrate that soyamilk-kefir may be considered to be among the more promising food components in terms of preventing CVD through its hypocholesterolaemic action.
What's new in surgical treatment for dystonia?

It is now established that pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in the treatment of generalized and segmental primary dystonia, although there is still insufficient evidence to support its benefit in focal and secondary dystonia. Because several studies have demonstrated that pallidal DBS improves quality of life (QoL), reduced QoL and disability that are nonresponsive to medical treatment are probably the main factors guiding the decision to consider surgery. Some studies have indicated that young patients with primary dystonia who have shorter disease duration and less severe dystonia are likely to have the best outcome from DBS. Therefore, surgery should not be delayed when disability and QoL are impaired to the extent that justifies the surgical risk. A case‐by‐case approach is recommended in patients who have secondary dystonia. The globus pallidus internus is considered the best target for dystonia. There are still not enough data about the effectiveness of thalamic, subthalamic nucleus, and premotor cortex stimulation. Targeting with multiple electrodes and intra‐individual comparisons of outcomes may help determine which target would be more beneficial. With regard to the role of lesions, pallidotomy for dystonia is still performed in several countries and can play a role in selected patients. New technologies are already available to improve the stimulation programming for DBS patients and to increase battery longevity. In the near future, it is possible that we will be able to shape stimulation settings according to disease type and symptoms. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Non-Colliding First Messages in Slotted ALOHA: Further Insights Toward a Practical Solution

Consider n nodes competing for access on a channel using slotted ALOHA. Our aim is to maximize the probability Φ that the first message within s slots does not collide. We derive an expression for the transmit probabilities in each slot, maximizing Φ. As opposed to previous work, the expression is non-recursive, thus easier to calculate and more convenient for practical implementations. Furthermore, we address the problem that, in practical applications, the number of competing nodes n is likely to be unknown and has to be estimated by each node. We study the sensitivity of channel access scheme with respect to deviations from the actual n via simulations. It is shown that overestimation of n is a better strategy than underestimation. • First, the computation of the optimum transmit proba- bilities requires each node to know the number n of nodes participating in the channel access competition on the shared medium. If this number is unknown, a node has to estimate it. An open research issue is thus to determine the impact on the performance due to errors in this estimation. The paper at hand investigates this issue, analyzing the sensitivity of the non-colliding first message probability as a function of the relative estimation error. It is shown that significant estimation errors lead to only small performance degradations, and that in general an overestimation of n is better than an underestimation. • Second, the calculation of the optimal slot access strategy is based on a recursive equation that depends on n in each recursion. This means the following: if the number of nodes changes, all s recursions must be recalculated. The paper at hand derives an alternative expression for the optimal transmit probabilities that enables us to store them in a table, where the values are independent from the number of nodes n.
Correctional offender rehabilitation programs : the national picture in Australia

This is a report of a study funded by the Criminology Research Council. The report provides a descriptive picture of the nature of offender rehabilitation programs offered to adult clients of correctional services throughout Australia. The information contained in the report was obtained from face-to-face interviews with representatives from each State/Territory correctional administration, as well as from existing documentation and program manuals supplied by each jurisdiction. The first part of the report provides an outline of the legislative guidance and/or mandates given to jurisdictions in the delivery of rehabilitation programs, followed by a description of the nine different types of offender rehabilitation program that are currently offered in Australia. These are programs which aim to target the following areas: cognitive skills, drug and alcohol, anger management, violence, domestic violence, sex offending, as well as programs for specific populations: special needs, female offenders and Indigenous offenders. The report then discusses the strengths of offender rehabilitation programs in Australia, including good practice principles, and future challenges in delivering these. The second part of the report provides a more detailed description of programs offered to offenders, reported by jurisdiction. This provides information that may be used to compare and contrast the types of programs offered in each State/Territory.
EVOLVING THE NARROW LANGUAGE FACULTY: WAS RECURSION THE PIVOTAL STEP?

A recent proposal (Hauser, Chomsky & Fitch, 2002) suggests that the crucial defining property of human language is recursion. In this paper, following a critical analysis of what is meant by the term, I examine three reasons why the recursion-only hypothesis a cannot be correct: (i) recursion is neither unique to language in humans, nor unique to our species, (ii) human language consists of many properties which are unique to it, and independent of recursion, and (iii) recursion may not even be necessary to human communication. Consequently, if recursion is not the key defining property of human language, it should not be granted special status in an evolutionary account of the system.
In vitro antiproliferative effects of nab-paclitaxel with liposomal cisplatin on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.

PURPOSE In this study, the in vitro cytotoxic effect of nanotechnological drugs nab-paclitaxel and liposomal cisplatin combination was evaluated on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. METHODS For this purpose cell viability, cell index values obtained from xCELLigence RTCA (Real-Time Cell Analysis) DP instrument, mitotic index (MI), apoptotic index (AI) and labelling index (LI) analysis among cell kinetic parameters were used. A1L25: 1 μg/ml nab-paclitaxel+25 μg/ml liposomal cisplatin, A1L5: 1 μg/ml nab-paclitaxel+5 μg/ml liposomal cisplatin and A10L5: 10 μg/ml nab-paclitaxel+5 μg/ml liposomal cisplatin for MDA-MB-231 cell line and A1L5: 1 μg/ml nab-paclitaxel+5 μg/ml liposomal cisplatin, A1L10: 1 μg/ml nab-paclitaxel+10 μg/ml liposomal cisplatin and A5L1: 5 μg/ml nab-paclitaxel+1 μg/ml liposomal cisplatin doses for MCF-7 were applied for 24-72 hrs. RESULTS Significant decrease in cell viability and cell index values for both cell lines was observed, while the MI and LI values of both cell lines increased at 24 hrs, and decreased significantly at 72 hrs. Also there was a significant increase in the AI values. CONCLUSIONS Nab-paclitaxel and liposomal cisplatin offer a promising treatment modality in different breast cancer subtypes.
Stationary Organotypic Cultures of Oxytocin and Vasopressin Magnocellular Neurones from Rat and Mouse Hypothalamus

Rat and mouse hypothalami from postnatal animals containing highly differentiated neurones survive very well in long‐term (>15 days in vitro, DIV) stationary organotypic cultures. Magnocellular oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) neurones are present in identifiable paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON) and accessory (ACC) nuclei in these cultures. After 15 DIV in standard medium immunocytochemistry revealed 427±63 OT cells and 217±27 VP cells per cultured rat hypothalamus, and 380±72 OT cells and 622±91 VP cells per cultured mouse hypothalamus. Following a 7‐day adaptation period in standard culture medium containing serum, the rat slice‐explants survived very well after subsequent transfer to defined, serum‐ free media (SFM) for an additional 8 days. The number of OT cells surviving in SFM was 612±147 OT cells per cultured rat hypothalamus. Only 0.5% of the magnocellular OT and VP neurones in the cultures appeared to express both peptides. Experiments on c‐fosgene expression in these cultures showed that while only 12% of the magnocellular OT and VP neurones contained barely detectable Fos protein in their nuclei under control conditions, potassium depolarization of these cultures for 3 h produced intense c‐fos expression in 87–91% of these cells. Thus, magnocellular neurones in these cultures are sufficiently stable and responsive to permit long‐term physiological and gene expression studies to be done under defined media conditions.
Conserved Class of Queen Pheromones Stops Social Insect Workers from Reproducing

Long Live the Queen Eusociality is often considered to have arisen, at least in part, due to the inclusive fitness that workers gain through helping their queen sister to raise her offspring. Van Oystaeyen et al. (p. 287; see the Perspective by Chapuisat) characterized the sterility-inducing queen pheromone across three distantly related eusocial hymenopterans (a wasp, a bumblebee, and a desert ant) and synthesized data across 69 other species. Queen pheromones appear to be remarkably conserved, which suggests that reproductive manipulation has ancient roots. Social insect queens use an ancient, evolutionarily conserved class of pheromones to prevent worker reproduction. [Also see Perspective by Chapuisat] A major evolutionary transition to eusociality with reproductive division of labor between queens and workers has arisen independently at least 10 times in the ants, bees, and wasps. Pheromones produced by queens are thought to play a key role in regulating this complex social system, but their evolutionary history remains unknown. Here, we identify the first sterility-inducing queen pheromones in a wasp, bumblebee, and desert ant and synthesize existing data on compounds that characterize female fecundity in 64 species of social insects. Our results show that queen pheromones are strikingly conserved across at least three independent origins of eusociality, with wasps, ants, and some bees all appearing to use nonvolatile, saturated hydrocarbons to advertise fecundity and/or suppress worker reproduction. These results suggest that queen pheromones evolved from conserved signals of solitary ancestors.
A Typology of Approaches to Child Care

Analyzing data from a qualitative study of 95 dual-earner couples, this article seeks to understand the critical factors that explain couples' choice of day care arrangements. The different approaches couples implement to care for their children while they earn income are (a) the “mothering” approach, (b) the parenting approach, and (c) the market approach. Changing sentiments about mothering and its centrality to decisions about how couples organize and integrate family and work lives are discussed within each approach. Finally, the article raises issues about attempts (and nonattempts) to alter work arrangements for parents to care for children.
Democratizing Science: Various Routes and Visions of Dutch Science Shops

Science shops were established at universities throughout the Netherlands in the early 1970s with the avowed aim of democratizing science and contributing to social change. During the past few years, science shops have met with significant challenges. For one thing, they have had to adapt to various changes directly associated with the Dutch political climate, the organization of higher education, national research policies, and so on. Moreover, they have faced serious financial cutbacks. In their efforts to address these challenges, science shops have adopted various approaches, some of which have turned out to be more successful than others. Usually, the differences between the individual Dutch science shops are described and understood only in pragmatic terms, with respect to their internal organization and practices. This article, by contrast, argues that the different ways of coping with change should be understood as reflecting divergent, yet unarticulated, answers to the question of how science and technology can or should be democratized.
Schema Activation in Memory for Prose1

Forty-eight college students listened to two ambiguous passages about familiar topics under one of four context conditions. Half of the students were given appropriate contextual information about the passages either just before or just after hearing the passages. The remaining students either received no contextual information or received inappropriate contextual information about the passages. Following an interpolated activity, recall of the passage information was significantly lower for those subjects who were not able to activate an appropriate schema at the time of acquisition of the material. Students given inappropriate contextual information recalled less material than students given no contextual information. The results extend previous research with sentences to larger units of connected discourse and are discussed within the framework of schema shifting, a cognitive process essential in the comprehension of continuous prose.