Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between overweight/obesity and eating habits while watching television among primary-school children in the city of Shiraz, Iran

Abstract Objective It has been reported that television (TV) viewing is associated with childhood obesity in Western countries. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and eating habits while watching TV among primary-school children in the Middle East. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Children were recruited from primary schools of four educational districts in Shiraz, Iran. Anthropometric indices of mass (kg) and height (m) were measured, and BMI (percentile) was calculated. Demographic characteristics, TV viewing behaviours and physical activity data were collected from parents during face-to-face interviews and a 3d dietary record was completed. Subject Children (n 607) aged 6–10 years. Results Mean (sd) age of children was 8·16 (1·37) years, of whom 9·1 and 8·4 % were overweight and obese, respectively. Children who spent ≥2 h watching TV on weekdays (OR=1·99; 95 % CI 1·09, 3·60) and weekend days (OR=1·86; 95 % CI 1·01, 3·43) had higher odds of being obese, even after adjusting for physical activity. Children who ate breakfast while watching TV had higher odds of being overweight v. those who did not watch TV while eating breakfast (OR=2·70; 95 % CI 1·02, 7·60). There were no associations between TV viewing during other meals (lunch and dinner) and overweight/obesity. Conclusions TV viewing for ≥2 h daily increases the risk of being obese in Iranian children aged 6–10 years, independent of physical activity. Further, breakfast consumption while watching TV may increase the risk of overweight/obesity, independent of total TV viewing time.
Dual edge-confined inpainting of 3D depth map using color image's edges and depth image's edges

Currently, most 3D formats adopt the approach of 2D plus depth map. Thus, many papers discuss depth maps, including how to inpaint them. When inpainted, the main focus is on edge areas because poor edges in depth maps will result in two problems: (1) There will be holes in 3D images after image synthesis; (2) When synthesized for other views, an edge mismatch may create some visual defect at the occlusion part of the images. In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the consistency between a color image and its depth map. With 2D color image's edges and depth map's edges, the proposed method finds the areas where the edges do not match, and uses a dual edge-confined inpainting technique to inpaint the edge-mismatched areas. The inpainting technique exploits the relationship between edges and objects in color image and depth map, and conducts inpainting directionally, where a depth map is inpainted at the inconsistent part between a depth map and its corresponding color image to improve the quality of the depth map. The experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the edge consistency between the depth map and the corresponding color image. In addition, following traditional deblocking process in image coding, the proposed method increases the PSNR value of depth map for QP less than 30, and achieves a comparable performance to that obtained by using the trilateral filter plus SD algorithm which also uses color image and depth map information.
A Variation of the nil-Temperley-Lieb algebras of type A

We investigate a variation on the nil-Temperley-Lieb algebras of type A. This variation is formed by removing one of the relations and, in some sense, can be considered as a type B of the algebras. We give a general description of the structure of monomials formed by generators in the algebras. We also show that the dimension of these algebras is the sequence ( 2n n ) , by showing that the dimension is the Catalan transform of the sequence 2n.
In vitro characterization of gE negative bovine herpesvirus types 1.1 (BHV-1.1) and 1.2a (BHV-1.2a)

This study aimed the in vitro growth characterization of a previously constructed Brazilian bovine herpesvirus 1.2a with a deletion in the glycoprotein E gene (BHV-1.2a gE-). The plaque sizes, penetration and growth kinetics of the Brazilian BHV-1.2a gE- were studied and compared with the parental virus, as well as with a BHV-1.1 gE- recombinant derived from an European BHV-1.1 strain. No statistical differences were observed between the gE- recombinants and the respective parental viruses penetration assays were performed. When single step growth curves were studied, no statistical differences were observed between gE- and parental viruses. However, it was observed that both gE- viruses were excreted from cells in significantly higher titres at 11 hours post infection in comparison with parental viruses. No statistical differences were observed when plaque sizes of parental viruses or gE- viruses we analyzed separately in each cell type. However, both gE- recombinants displayed a significantly reduced plaque areas on three different cell cultures, in comparison with parental viruses, indicating that the lack of gE had the same effect on both BHV-1 subtypes, manifested by a restricted cell-to-cell spread in infected cells.
Duration of Symptoms and Outcome of Hemiresurfacing for Hip Osteonecrosis

Thirty-seven hips with Ficat Stage II, III, or early IV osteonecrosis were treated with hemiresurfacing. The purpose of this study is to analyze specifically the clinical and radiographic results of patients who had hemiresurfacing to refine the indications for the procedure and identify factors substantially affecting clinical outcome and survivorship. At an average followup of 6.5 years, the average University of California Los Angeles hip scores for pain, walking, function, and activity improved significantly from 4.3, 6.0, 5.3, and 4.2 to 8.0, 8.8, 7.9, and 5.8. The overall survivorship was 79%, 59%, and 45% at 5, 10, and 15 years. Eleven hips have been converted: 10 hips for acetabular cartilage wear and one hip for femoral loosening. The average time to conversion was 7.5 years. A longer duration of symptoms before surgery (16.6 months versus 12.1 months) was associated with a worse acetabular cartilage grading and suggested a relationship with a shorter time to conversion, although the difference was not statistically significant at the 5% level. Survivorship is better when preoperative symptoms are present for 1 year or less, possibly because the articular cartilage is healthier. When necessary, conversion to total hip replacement can be done without adverse results.
Hyperacute rejection of vascularized heart transplants in BALB/c Gal knockout mice

Abstract: Pig‐to‐primate vascularized xenografts undergo hyperacute rejection (HAR). This results from pre‐formed xenoreactive antibodies directed against galactose‐α1,3‐galactose (αGal) in the donor organ and activation of the complement cascade. We describe an in vivo murine model of HAR using a BALB/c mice system devoid of histocompatibility or complement differences between donor and recipient to investigate in isolation, the effects of αGal epitope and anti‐αGal antibody interactions in causing rejection of vascularized heart transplants. Gal KO mice were immunized with rabbit red blood cell membranes to induce high anti‐αGal antibody titers that were predominantly IgM by ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). When αGal‐expressing mice hearts were transplanted heterotopically into these recipients (n = 12), 67% of grafts rejected within 24 h, the majority within 16 h with histological features of HAR. In contrast, none of the grafts in the non‐immunized Gal KO recipient control group (n = 11) underwent HAR. Interestingly, approximately 50% of the remaining grafts in both the immunized and non‐immunized Gal KO recipient group were rejected between 7 and 27 days by a rejection process characterized by a dense infiltrate of macrophage/monocytes, perivascular cuffing and tissue destruction similar to recent descriptions of delayed xenograft rejection (DXR). In addition, some grafts (21.5%) continued to survive in the immunized Gal KO recipients despite the presence of anti‐αGal antibody and normal complement activity and these showed well‐preserved myocardium when harvested whilst still functioning well at days 30 or 90. No rejection was seen when Gal KO donors were used in this system (n = 4), nor when αGal‐expressing BALB/c hearts were transplanted into αGal‐expressing BALB/c recipients (n = 5). This in vivo small animal model offers the opportunity to test a variety of strategies to overcome HAR prior to more resource intensive pig‐to‐primate studies, and may provide insights into the processes similar to DXR and accommodation.
Real and apparent mortality from congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Some 50 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) born in the authors' regional referral area over the 14 years from 1980 to 1993 were reviewed, contrasting 7 years when management included preoperative ventilatory stabilization with the preceding 7 when urgent surgery was performed. Six children experienced no respiratory distress and suffered no mortality. For infants with respiratory distress in the first 6 h of life, ventilatory stabilization improved survival rates of those who reached the surgical centre from 45 per cent between 1980 and 1986 to 59 per cent between 1987 and 1993. A larger proportion of the total number of patients, however, continued to die without reaching the surgical centre. The improvement in survival rate based on the true incidence of CDH was from 28 per cent in the first period to 38 per cent in the second. The apparent poor survival rate of patients born in central obstetric units compared with those born in peripheral units (37 versus 75 per cent) can be attributed to patient selection; a larger number of children born in central units were transferred for surgery (70 versus 57 per cent). There is no evidence that paediatricians have altered their referral practice to include prolonged ventilation outside the surgical unit since delayed surgery was advocated. Assessment of the impact of altering the management of CDH cannot be made without knowing the number of patients who die before transfer to a neonatal surgical unit. Any serious attempt to reduce the mortality rate of CDH must be directed to neonates who are not presently referred to the surgical service.
Discovery and characterization of a novel inhibitor of CDC25B, LGH00045

AbstractAim:Cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases have recently been considered as potential targets for the development of new cancer therapeutic agents. We aimed to discover novel CDC25B inhibitors in the present study.Methods:A molecular level high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was set up to screen a set of 48000 pure compounds.Results:HTS, whose average Z′ factor is 0.55, was finished and LGH00045, a mixed-type CDC25B inhibitor with a novel structure and relative selectivity for protein tyrosine phosphatases, was identified. Furthermore, LGH00045 impaired the proliferation of tumor cells and increased cyclin-dependent kinase 1 inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation. In synchronized HeLa cells, LGH00045 delayed cell cycle progression at the G2–M transition.Conclusion:LGH00045, a novel CDC25B inhibitor identified through HTS, showed good inhibition on the proliferation of tumor cells and affected the cell cycle progression, which makes it a good hit for further structure modification.
Distributed Kalman Filtering Using Weighted Averaging

This paper addresses the problem of distributed Kalman filtering, with focus on limiting the required communication bandwidth. By distributed we refer to a scenario when all nodes in the network desire an estimate of the full state of the observed system and there is no centralized computation center. Communication only takes place between neighbors and only a fixed number of times each sample. To reduce bandwidth requirements of individual nodes, estimates instead of measurements are communicated. A new estimate is then formed as a weighted average of the neighbouring estimates. The weights are optimized to yield a small estimation error covariance in stationarity. The minimization can be done off line thus allowing only estimates to be communicated. The advantage of communicating estimates instead of measurements becomes more evident when the number of nodes exceeds the size of the state vector to be estimated. The algorithm is applied to one simple second order system and temperature sensing network. (Less)
Development of a Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus-Based Pseudotype Anti-HIV Assay Suitable for Accurate and Rapid Evaluation of HIV Entry Inhibitors

There has been increasing interest in the identification of novel HIV entry inhibitors. For the discovery of these entry inhibitors, robust surrogate anti-HIV assays are highly desired. The authors report a novel anti-HIV assay system using Moloney murine leukemia viruses (MMLVs) pseudotyped with cytoplasmic tail-truncated HIV envelope protein gp140. These pseudotyped MMLV-HIVgp140 viral particles carry luciferase transcripts; therefore, robust luciferase signal can be detected in cells infected by these pseudotypes. Polycationic agent polybrene and spinoculation markedly enhanced the infection efficiency of these pseudotypes. It was demonstrated that the tropism of these pseudotypes is dependent on the pseudotyped HIV envelope proteins. MMLV viruses pseudotyped with gp140 from an R5 HIV virus specifically infect CCR5-expressing cells, and viruses pseudotyped with gp140 from an X4 HIV virus specifically infect CXCR4-expressing cells. Furthermore, CCR5 antagonists inhibited only MMLV-gp140(R5) infections, and CXCR4 antagonists inhibited only MMLV-gp140(X4) infections. A variety of known HIV entry inhibitors were tested in both R5- and X4-dependent pseudotype antiviral assays, and the IC50 values generated were consistent with published results. The pseudotype antiviral assay was also used in the characterization of hundreds of novel CCR5 antagonists. The IC50 values determined in this assay were compared with those determined in HIV antiviral and cell-cell fusion (CCF) assays, and good correlation was found between pseudotype antiviral assay and HIV antiviral assay (R 2 = 0.9) or CCF assay (R 2 = 0.8).
Premature atherosclerosis in patients with familial chylomicronemia caused by mutations in the lipoprotein lipase gene.

BACKGROUND Patients with lipoprotein lipase deficiency usually present with chylomicronemia in childhood. The syndrome has been considered nonatherogenic primarily because of the low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We prospectively evaluated patients with lipoprotein lipase deficiency for atherosclerosis. METHODS Evidence of carotid, peripheral, and coronary atherosclerosis was sought in four patients (two men and two women) with the phenotype of familial chylomicronemia by clinical examination over a period of 14 to 30 years and by Doppler ultrasonography, B-mode ultrasonography [corrected], and exercise-tolerance testing after the age of 40. Angiography was performed when indicated. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency was assessed in vivo and in vitro by functional assays and DNA-sequence analysis. RESULTS All four patients had a profound functional deficiency of lipoprotein lipase with a reduced enzymatic mass due to missense mutations on both alleles of the lipoprotein lipase gene. In all four patients, peripheral or coronary atherosclerosis (or both) was observed before the age of 55. Despite following a low-fat diet in which fat composed 10 to 15 percent of the daily caloric intake, the patients had hypertriglyceridemia (mean [+/- SD] triglyceride level, 2621 +/- 1112 mg per deciliter [29.59 +/- 12.55 mmol per liter]), low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (17 +/- 7 mg per deciliter [0.43 +/- 0.18 mmol per liter]), and very low levels of LDL cholesterol (28 +/- 16 mg per deciliter [0.72 +/- 0.41 mmol per liter]). Three patients had one risk factor for atherosclerosis, whereas in one male patient, heavy smoking and diabetes were associated with an accelerated course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Premature atherosclerosis can occur in patients with familiar chylomicronemia as a result of mutations in the lipoprotein lipase gene. Defective lipolysis may increase susceptibility to atherosclerosis in humans.
Limbal-conjunctival vs conjunctival autograft transplant for recurrent pterygia: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of limbal-conjunctival vs conjunctival autograft transplant for treating recurrent pterygia. METHODS In a randomized, prospective, parallel-group clinical trial, 224 patients with advanced recurrent pterygia underwent free conjunctival autograft transplant (112 eyes) or limbal-conjunctival autograft transplant (112 eyes). Two hundred five patients completed the follow-up (100 eyes from the conjunctival autograft group and 105 eyes from the limbal-conjunctival autograft group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Recurrence of pterygium, with complications as the secondary outcome measure (ie, signs of limbal stem cell deficiency). RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 62 (range, 36-96) months, 10 patients (10.0%) in the conjunctival autograft group and 1 patient (1.0%) in the limbal-conjunctival autograft group developed recurrence. No signs of limbal stem cell deficiency were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSION Limbal-conjunctival transplant is safe and more effective than free conjunctival transplant in preventing recurrence after excision of recurrent pterygia (P = .004). APPLICATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Limbal-conjunctival autografts could be a favored option for managing advanced recurrent pterygia in young high-risk patients.
Extracting Loanwords from Mongolian Corpora and Producing a Japanese-Mongolian Bilingual Dictionary

This paper proposes methods for extracting loanwords from Cyrillic Mongolian corpora and producing a Japanese-Mongolian bilingual dictionary. We extract loanwords from Mongolian corpora using our own handcrafted rules. To complement the rule-based extraction, we also extract words in Mongolian corpora that are phonetically similar to Japanese Katakana words as loanwords. In addition, we correspond the extracted loanwords to Japanese words and produce a bilingual dictionary. We propose a stemming method for Mongolian to extract loanwords correctly. We verify the effectiveness of our methods experimentally.
Adapting agriculture to climate change

The strong trends in climate change already evident, the likelihood of further changes occurring, and the increasing scale of potential climate impacts give urgency to addressing agricultural adaptation more coherently. There are many potential adaptation options available for marginal change of existing agricultural systems, often variations of existing climate risk management. We show that implementation of these options is likely to have substantial benefits under moderate climate change for some cropping systems. However, there are limits to their effectiveness under more severe climate changes. Hence, more systemic changes in resource allocation need to be considered, such as targeted diversification of production systems and livelihoods. We argue that achieving increased adaptation action will necessitate integration of climate change-related issues with other risk factors, such as climate variability and market risk, and with other policy domains, such as sustainable development. Dealing with the many barriers to effective adaptation will require a comprehensive and dynamic policy approach covering a range of scales and issues, for example, from the understanding by farmers of change in risk profiles to the establishment of efficient markets that facilitate response strategies. Science, too, has to adapt. Multidisciplinary problems require multidisciplinary solutions, i.e., a focus on integrated rather than disciplinary science and a strengthening of the interface with decision makers. A crucial component of this approach is the implementation of adaptation assessment frameworks that are relevant, robust, and easily operated by all stakeholders, practitioners, policymakers, and scientists.
Dual Roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgE in Secretion of the Virulence Factor Alginate and Formation of the Secretion Complex

ABSTRACT AlgE is a monomeric 18-stranded β-barrel protein required for secretion of the extracellular polysaccharide alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To assess the molecular mechanism of alginate secretion, AlgE was subjected to site-specific and FLAG epitope insertion mutagenesis. Except for β-strands 6 and 10, epitope insertions into the transmembrane β-strands abolished localization of AlgE to the outer membrane. Interestingly, an epitope insertion into β-strand 10 produced alginate and was only detectable in outer membranes isolated from cells grown on solid media. The deletion of nine C-terminal amino acid residues destabilized AlgE. Replacement of amino acids that constitute the highly electropositive pore constriction showed that individual amino acid residues have a specific function in alginate secretion. Two of the triple mutants (K47E+R353A+R459E and R74E+R362A+R459E) severely reduced alginate production. Mutual stability analysis using the algE deletion mutant PDO300ΔalgE(miniCTX) showed the periplasmic alginate biosynthesis proteins AlgK and AlgX were completely destabilized, while the copy number of the inner membrane c-di-GMP receptor Alg44 was reduced. Chromosomal integration of algE restored AlgK, AlgX, and Alg44, providing evidence for a multiprotein complex that spans the cell envelope. Periplasmic turn 4 of AlgE was identified as an important region for maintaining the stability of the putative multiprotein complex.
Some Aspects of the Morphological Processing of Bulgarian

This paper demonstrates the modelling of morphological knowledge in Bulgarian and applications of the created data sets in an integrated framework for production and manipulation of language resources. The production scenario is exemplified by the Bulgarian verb as the morphologically richest and most problematic part-of-speech category. The definition of the set of morphosyntactic specifications for verbs in the lexicon is described. The application of the tagset in the automatic morphological analysis of text corpora is accounted for. A Type Model of Bulgarian verbs handling the attachment of short pronominal elements to verbs, is presented.