Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
My Way or the Highway: a More Naturalistic Model of Altruism Tested in an Iterative Prisoners' Dilemma

There are three prominent solutions to the Darwinian problem of altruism, kin selection, reciprocal altruism, and trait group selection. Only one, reciprocal altruism, most commonly implemented in game theory as a TIT FOR TAT strategy, is not based on the principle of conditional association. On the contrary, TIT FOR TAT implements conditional altruism in the context of unconditionally determined associates. Simulations based on Axelrod's famous tournament have led many to conclude that conditional altruism among unconditional partners lies at the core of much human and animal social behavior. But the results that have been used to support this conclusion are largely artifacts of the structure of the Axelrod tournament, which explicitly disallowed conditional association as a strategy. In this study, we modify the rules of the tournament to permit competition between conditional associates and conditional altruists. We provide evidence that when unconditional altruism is paired with conditional association, a strategy we called MOTH, it can out compete TIT FOR TAT under a wide range of conditions.
Bidirectional Control of Absence Seizures by the Basal Ganglia: A Computational Evidence

Absence epilepsy is believed to be associated with the abnormal interactions between the cerebral cortex and thalamus. Besides the direct coupling, anatomical evidence indicates that the cerebral cortex and thalamus also communicate indirectly through an important intermediate bridge–basal ganglia. It has been thus postulated that the basal ganglia might play key roles in the modulation of absence seizures, but the relevant biophysical mechanisms are still not completely established. Using a biophysically based model, we demonstrate here that the typical absence seizure activities can be controlled and modulated by the direct GABAergic projections from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) to either the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) or the specific relay nuclei (SRN) of thalamus, through different biophysical mechanisms. Under certain conditions, these two types of seizure control are observed to coexist in the same network. More importantly, due to the competition between the inhibitory SNr-TRN and SNr-SRN pathways, we find that both decreasing and increasing the activation of SNr neurons from the normal level may considerably suppress the generation of spike-and-slow wave discharges in the coexistence region. Overall, these results highlight the bidirectional functional roles of basal ganglia in controlling and modulating absence seizures, and might provide novel insights into the therapeutic treatments of this brain disorder.
Mechanisms of Estrogens’ Dose-Dependent Neuroprotective and Neurodamaging Effects in Experimental Models of Cerebral Ischemia

Ever since the hypothesis was put forward that estrogens could protect against cerebral ischemia, numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms of their effects. Despite initial studies showing ameliorating effects, later trials in both humans and animals have yielded contrasting results regarding the fundamental issue of whether estrogens are neuroprotective or neurodamaging. Therefore, investigations of the possible mechanisms of estrogen actions in brain ischemia have been difficult to assess. A recently published systematic review from our laboratory indicates that the dichotomy in experimental rat studies may be caused by the use of insufficiently validated estrogen administration methods resulting in serum hormone concentrations far from those intended, and that physiological estrogen concentrations are neuroprotective while supraphysiological concentrations augment the damage from cerebral ischemia. This evidence offers a new perspective on the mechanisms of estrogens’ actions in cerebral ischemia, and also has a direct bearing on the hormone replacement therapy debate. Estrogens affect their target organs by several different pathways and receptors, and the mechanisms proposed for their effects on stroke probably prevail in different concentration ranges. In the current article, previously suggested neuroprotective and neurodamaging mechanisms are reviewed in a hormone concentration perspective in an effort to provide a mechanistic framework for the dose-dependent paradoxical effects of estrogens in stroke. It is concluded that five protective mechanisms, namely decreased apoptosis, growth factor regulation, vascular modulation, indirect antioxidant properties and decreased inflammation, and the proposed damaging mechanism of increased inflammation, are currently supported by experiments performed in optimal biological settings.
Developing an effective social emotional learning program for countering schoolbullying: An evaluative exploratory study

APA Citation Sameh, A. (2017). Developing an effective social emotional learning program for countering school bullying: An evaluative exploratory study [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt. edu/etds/1340 MLA Citation Sameh, Ahmed. Developing an effective social emotional learning program for countering school bullying: An evaluative exploratory study. 2017. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt. edu/etds/1340
Cross Lingual Entity Linking with Bilingual Topic Model

Cross lingual entity linking means linking an entity mention in a background source document in one language with the corresponding real world entity in a knowledge base written in the other language. The key problem is to measure the similarity score between the context of the entity mention and the document of the candidate entity. This paper presents a general framework for doing cross lingual entity linking by leveraging a large scale and bilingual knowledge base, Wikipedia. We introduce a bilingual topic model that mining bilingual topic from this knowledge base with the assumption that the same Wikipedia concept documents of two different languages share the same semantic topic distribution. The extracted topics have two types of representation, with each type corresponding to one language. Thus both the context of the entity mention and the document of the candidate entity can be represented in a space using the same semantic topics. We use these topics to do cross lingual entity linking. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can obtain the competitive results compared with the state-of-art approach.
Combining Service-Orientation with Product Line Engineering

Software product line engineering (SPLE) is a paradigm of software reuse for developing a family of products with reduced time to market and improved quality. Most SPLE approaches, however, have focused on developing statically configured products using core assets. That is, all variations are instantiated before a product is delivered to the customers, making it difficult for them to make any changes to the product. However, various application areas are increasing the demand for dynamic product reconfiguration. A service-oriented product line (SOPL) is a DSPL application domain that's built on services and a service-oriented architecture. An example of an application area for an SOPL approach is a virtual office (VO). A VO includes many business peripherals with various services that interact with one another and that respond to their various environments to assist office workers.
University of Cambridge Backward Error Analysis for Lie-group Methods Backward Error Analysis for Lie-group Methods

Backward error analysis has proven to be very useful in stability analysis of numerical methods for ordinary diierential equations. However the analysis has so far been undertaken in the Euclidean space or open subsets thereof. In this paper we study diierential equations on manifolds. We prove a backward error analysis result for intrinsic numerical methods. Especially we are interested in Lie-group methods. The author proves elsewhere that if the Lie algebra is nilpotent a global stability analysis can be done in the Lie algebra. In the general case we must work on the nonlinear Lie group. In order to show that there is perturbed diierential equation on the Lie group with a solution that is exponentially close to the numerical integrator after several steps, we prove a generalised version of Alekseev{Grr obner's theorem. A major motivation for this result is that it implies many stability properties of Lie-group methods.
Rapid movement and instability of an invasive hybrid swarm

Unstable hybrid swarms that arise following the introduction of non‐native species can overwhelm native congeners, yet the stability of invasive hybrid swarms has not been well documented over time. Here, we examine genetic variation and clinal stability across a recently formed hybrid swarm involving native blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) and non‐native red shiner (C. lutrensis) in the Upper Coosa River basin, which is widely considered to be a global hot spot of aquatic biodiversity. Examination of phenotypic, multilocus genotypic, and mitochondrial haplotype variability between 2005 and 2011 revealed that the proportion of hybrids has increased over time, with more than a third of all sampled individuals exhibiting admixture in the final year of sampling. Comparisons of clines over time indicated that the hybrid swarm has been rapidly progressing upstream, but at a declining and slower pace than rates estimated from historical collection records. Clinal comparisons also showed that the hybrid swarm has been expanding and contracting over time. Additionally, we documented the presence of red shiner and hybrids farther downstream than prior studies have detected, which suggests that congeners in the Coosa River basin, including all remaining populations of the threatened blue shiner (Cyprinella caerulea), are at greater risk than previously thought.
ANN APPLICATION IN MODELLING OF A / D INTERFACES FOR MIXED-MODE BEHAVIOURAL SIMULATION

Artificial neural networks are applied for modelling the input circuits of the digital part at the analogue/digital interface in mixed-mode circuits. The generalization property of the neural networks is exploited to apply the models in a set of previously unknown situations. It is also shown that mixed-level analogue behavioural simulation is enabled if the same modelling concept is applied.
Development and Validation of HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Food Additives and Caffeine in Soft Drinks

Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions for the simultaneous determination of potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, carmoisine, allura red, ponceau 4R, and caffeine in commercial soft drinks. The experimental variables chosen were pH (6.0–7.0), flow rate (1.0–1.4 mL/min), and mobile phase ratio (85–95% acetate buffer). Resolution values of all peak pairs were used as a response. Stationary phase was Inertsil OctaDecylSilane- (ODS-) 3V reverse phase column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) dimensions. The detection was performed at 230 nm. Optimal values were found 6.0 pH, 1.0 mL/min flow rate, and 95% mobile phase ratio for the method which was validated by calculating the linearity (r 2 > 0.9962), accuracy (recoveries ≥ 95.75%), precision (intraday variation ≤ 1.923%, interday variation ≤ 1.950%), limits of detection (LODs), and limits of quantification (LOQs) parameters. LODs and LOQs for analytes were in the range of 0.10–0.19 μg/mL and 0.33–0.63 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully for the simultaneous determination of the mixtures of five food additives and caffeine in soft drinks.
On the Throughput of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Multi-Packet Reception

In wireless sensor networks, the nodes near the sink suffer from heavy traffic load. The recent progresses in physical layer make multi-packet reception (MPR) feasible, which may alleviate the suffering nodes. In this paper, we utilize MPR to improve the throughput of wireless sensor networks while maintain the fairness requirement for each sensor. Firstly, we formulate an optimization problem for wireless sensor networks using MPR. The result of the optimization is an upper bound for the network throughput. Secondly, we give a feasible heuristic scheme. In the performance evaluation, we analyse the throughput gap between the upper bound and the performance of the heuristic scheme. We also study the performance of the heuristic scheme by adjusting several network parameters and the results show that MPR brings notable throughput gain in wireless sensor networks and give some network design implications.
Calculating time complexity for searching connections among persons from Myanmar census data using graph database

Searching relationship among persons is more and more growing importance to acquire related information, genealogical relationship and personnel history. In this paper, the framework with three portions is proposed for exploring peoples' relationship from their personnel information. The first portion focuses on storage structure to store data in Graph database by representing persons as nodes and their attributes as properties. There are no predefined relationships or edges between person nodes in this system. The second part focuses on searching relationships among separated person nodes. Graph database searching algorithm called Personnel Relationship Searching Algorithm is proposed. The last portion proposes Deductive Reasoning Algorithm to define two persons' relationship based on search results of match domain (or) attributes using predefined prolog rules. For example, if the match domain is relatives, the relation may be consanguine, such as GrandFather, Eldest_Son, Youngest_Son_In_Law, Khame_Khamet, etc. If the match domain is organization (or) hobby (or) religion, the relation may work in same organization, etc. The time complexity for two proposed algorithms is calculated to evaluate the running time for each case study.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Tailored Nursing Interventions to Improve Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrollment

Background:Short hospital stays for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) reduce the opportunity for risk factor intervention during admission. After discharge, cardiac rehabilitation can decrease the recurrence of coronary events by up to 25%. However, it remains underused. Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine whether a nursing intervention focused on individual ACS patients’ perceptions of their disease and treatment would increase rehabilitation enrollment after discharge. Method:A total of 242 ACS patients admitted to a specialized tertiary cardiac center were randomized to either the intervention or usual care (n = 121 in both groups). The intervention included one nurse–patient meeting before discharge with 2 additional contacts over the 10 days after discharge (mean duration = 40 minutes per contact). The primary outcome was enrollment in a free rehabilitation program offered to all participants 6 weeks after discharge. Secondary outcomes included illness perceptions; family support; anxiety level; medication adherence; and cardiac risk factors including lack of exercise, smoking, body mass index, and diet. Results:The sample was composed of a majority of male, married workers who experienced a myocardial infarction or unstable angina without severe complications. The mean hospital stay in both groups was 3.6 days. There was a significantly higher rate of rehabilitation enrollment in the intervention group (45%) than in the control group (24%; p = .001). For the secondary outcomes, only the personal control dimension of illness perceptions was improved significantly with the intervention. Discussion:Progressive, individualized interventions by nurses resulted in greater rehabilitation enrollment, thereby potentially improving long-term outcome.
Solution to the indexing problem of frequency domain simulation experiments

The authors discuss why the global simulation clock time is the most natural choice for the frequency-domain simulation experiment (FDE) oscillation index. The reasons behind the failure of past efforts to reference all the frequencies in a FDE to the global simulation clock are also presented. A novel methodology for performing frequency-domain analysis of discrete-event simulation experiments is proposed. This methodology is based on the Fourier (spectral) analysis of stochastic systems and uses the global simulation clock time as the oscillation index. The histogram method for implementing this methodology is discussed. Using this method, it is possible to analyze stochastic systems subject to nonstationary inputs, a difficult analytical problem. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by applying it to a single-server FIFO queue and a network of single-server queues. The method is efficiently implementable, resilient to noise, and lends itself efficiently to any simulation model being analyzed using frequency-domain methods. <<ETX>>
Myspace Or Ourspace: A Media System Dependency View Of Myspace

MySpace is a type of “social networking” website where people meet, socialize, and create friendships. The way MySpace members, particularly younger individuals, interact online underscores the changing nature of mass media. Media system dependency states that individuals become reliant on media in their daily life because of fundamental human goals. This reliance, termed a dependency, leads to repeated use. Media system dependency was applied in the current study to explain how and why individuals became habitual MySpace users. To attain results a survey was administered to a convenience sampling of 401 adult undergraduates at the University of Central Florida. Members reported MySpace dependency had a moderate correlation to MySpace use, and they actively used the website an average of 1.3 hours of use per day. Results indicated members use MySpace to primarily satisfy play and interaction orientation dependencies. MySpace use was found to have a correlation with number of MySpace friends. “Number of friends created” in turn had a correlation with MySpace dependency, as people returned to interact with their friends. Individual factors were also found to be a source of influence in MySpace dependency. These individual factors were demographics, psychological factors related to use of the Internet, and psychological factors related to use of MySpace. Factors related to MySpace, extroversion and self-disclosure, were positively correlated with intensity of dependency. The influence of factors related to the Internet was partly supported; computer self-efficacy was not significantly related to MySpace dependency, while computer anxiety was significantly related to MySpace dependency. Speed of connection to the Internet and available time to use the Internet were not related to MySpace dependency. Additionally, significant differences were found between
Finger Based Indoor Robot by Gesture Recognition

: Processing Real-Time image sequence is now possible because of advancement of technological developments in digital signal processing, wide-band communication, and high-performance VLSI. Recently, the demand for the indoor robots has increased. Therefore, increased opportunities for many people to operate the robots have emerged. However, for many people, it is often difficult to operate a robot using the conventional methods like remote control. To solve this problem, we propose a robot operation system using the hand gesture recognition. Our method pays attention to the direction and movement of the hand. We were able to recognize several gestures in real-time.
IMPROVEMENTS OF THE INCREMENTAL METHOD FOR THE VORONOI DIAGRAM WITH COMPUTATIONAL COMPARISON OF VARIOUS ALGORITHMS

Takao Ohya Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Kazuo Murota University of Tsukuba Masao Iri University of Tokyo (Received May 13, 1983: Revised July 18, 1984) A fast algorithm for the Voronoi diagram is proposed along with the performance evaluation by extensive computational experiments. It is shown that the proposed algorithm runs in linear time on the average. The algorithm is of incremental type, which modifies the diagram step by step by adding points (generators) one by one. What is new is a special preprocessing procedure for determining the order in which the generators are to be added, where we make use of a quaternary tree combined with an elaborate technique of "bucketing".
Private Equity investment performance : Do social ties between venture capitalists and CEOs matter

Our area of interest is the relationship between Private Equity professionals and the CEOs of companies. Building on previous research on board-CEO relationship and on venture capital and management buyout governance, we aim at complementing the frequently used agency theory perspective by way of a social and behavioural perspective. Whereas agency theorists underline the role of independence between management and board, we think the success of private equity professionals lies in their ability to combine independence and control with trust, cooperation and support in their relationship with CEOs. The existence of social ties between VCs and CEOs is expected to produce antagonistic consequences, fostering cooperation and support but hampering control. We propose an original model formalising the relations between VC-CEO social ties, board processes, VC's roles vis a vis CEOs, and investment performance.
Incremental view maintenance in object-oriented databases

A database management system should support views to facilitate filtering of information in order to have only necessary and required information available to users with minimal delay. Although a lot of research efforts concentrated on views within the conventional relational model, much more effort is required when object-oriented models are considered. However, supporting views is only a step forward in achieving the purpose that requires improving the performance of the system by considering incremental maintenance of views instead of recomputing a view from scratch each time it is accessedIn this paper, we introduce a model that facilitates incremental maintenance of single-class-based object-oriented views by employing the deferred update mode that has proved to be more suitable for object-oriented databases in general. For that purpose, we categorize classes into base and brother classes corresponding to classes originally present in the database and those introduced as views, respectively. To each class, we add a modification list that keeps related modifications during different intervals. An interval starts with the creation or update of a view and ends with the creation or update of another view. A modification list is empty as long as no views depend on its class. Further, we introduce some algorithms that locate modifications done on related classes while trying to compute a given view incrementally. Finally, we give a theoretical justification showing that, in general, the introduced algorithms perform much better than doing computation from scratch each time a view is accessed.