Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Results on Style-Constrained Bayesian Classification of Pattern Fields

We formalize the notion of style context, which accounts for the increased accuracy of the field classifiers reported in this journal recently. We argue that style context forms the basis of all order-independent field classification schemes. We distinguish between intraclass style, which underlies most adaptive classifiers, and interclass style, which is a manifestation of interpattern dependence between the features of the patterns of a field. We show how style-constrained classifiers can be optimized either for field error (useful for short fields like zip codes) or for singlet error (for long fields, like business letters). We derive bounds on the reduction of error rate with field length and show that the error rate of the optimal style-constrained field classifier converges asymptotically to the error rate of a style-aware Bayesian singlet classifier.
Formalizing Basic Complex Analysis

We describe the formalization of some of the basics of complex analysis in the HOL Light theorem prover. Besides being a beautiful area of mathematics, this has many potential applications, e.g. in analytic number theory. We have endeavoured to set up the kind of general analytic machinery that would make such applications feasible. 0 Mizar and me: some personal recollections The first time I saw mention of the Mizar project was in a message from Bob Boyer to the QED mailing list in August 1993: Indeed, there have been a good number of QED-like efforts spread over at least the last 27 years, both large scale and small. (I hear rumors that the Polish MIZAR effort may be the largest so far.) At the time, even though Mizar had a large and thriving user community all over the world, I hadn’t heard of it at all, so my curiosity was piqued. The following summer, the second QED Workshop was in Warsaw, and I had the opportunity to meet Andrzej Trybulec in person for the first time. This was a memorable experience in many ways, and immediately after the workshop a few participants travelled to Bia lystok where we had the opportunity to try out Mizar for ourselves with Andrzej’s help. I was impressed that Andrzej was willing to devote so much time to helping out some complete beginners. But I was equally impressed how little his help was needed! After a few hours, I was able to prove in Mizar the formula for the roots of a quadratic equation. To someone with no experience of proof assistants, that might seem an unspectacular accomplishment, but Mizar seemed to be dramatically easier to use than the other systems I’d tried, particularly HOL [3], with which I was most familiar. Over the next few months, back in Cambridge (where I was supposed to be finishing my PhD) and in Turku/Åbo in Finland (where I was doing a postdoc under 1 http://icml.stanford. edu/uribe/mail/qed.messages/105.html ISBN 978-83-7431-128-1 ISSN 0860–150X 151
Development of Polysulfone/Activated Carbon Nanofibers Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2/CH4 Separation

This study was performed primarily to investigate the effect of activated carbon nanofiber (ACNF) on carbon dioxide and methane separation performance of mixed matrix membrane (MMM). In this study, polysulfone (PSf)/ACNF mixed matrix membranes was fabricated using dry/wet inversion technique. The effect of PSf concentration and ACNF loading on the performance of mixed matrix membrane in terms of permeability and selectivity of CO2/CH4 gas separation was observed. The fabricated flat sheet mixed matrix membranes were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. From the SEM observations, it shows that sponge like structures images were observed upon the addition of ACNFs in the PSf/ACNF membranes was slowly decreased due to increasing weight percentage of ACNF. FT-IR result indicating the presence of carboxyl group in MMM at wavelength 1750 cm-1. Meanwhile, the MMMs were further tested to pure permeation test using pure CO2 and CH4 gas, the CO2 permeance improved and the selectivity of CO2/CH4 increased after the addition of ACNFs.
Biomechanical 3-D finite element modeling of the human breast using MRI data

Breast tissue deformation modeling has recently gained considerable interest in various medical applications. A biomechanical model of the breast is presented using a finite element (FE) formulation. Emphasis is given to the modeling of breast tissue deformation which takes place in breast imaging procedures. The first step in implementing the FE modeling (FEM) procedure is mesh generation. For objects with irregular and complex geometries such as the breast, this step is one of the most difficult and tedious tasks. For FE mesh generation, two automated methods are presented which process MRI breast images to create a patient-specific mesh. The main components of the breast are adipose, fibroglandular and skin tissues. For modeling the adipose and fibroglandular tissues, we used eight noded hexahedral elements with hyperelastic properties, while for the skin, we chose four noded hyperelastic membrane elements. For model validation, an MR image of an agarose phantom was acquired and corresponding FE meshes were created. Based on assigned elasticity parameters, a numerical experiment was performed using the FE meshes, and good results were obtained. The model was also applied to a breast image registration problem of a volunteer's breast. Although qualitatively reasonable, further work is required to validate the results quantitatively.
Broadly neutralizing antibody specificities detected in the genital tract of HIV-1 infected women

Background:Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting conserved epitopes on the HIV envelope glycoprotein have been identified in blood from HIV-1 infected women. We investigated whether antibodies in the genital tract from these women share similar epitope specificities and functional profiles as those in blood. Methods:Immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies were isolated from cervicovaginal lavages or Softcups from 13 HIV-infected women in the CAPRISA cohort using Protein G and Peptide M, respectively. Binding antibodies to envelope antigens were quantified by ELISA and binding antibody multiplex assay. Neutralizing antibody titers and epitope targets were measured using the TZM-bl assay with Env-pseudotyped wild-type and mutated viruses. Results:HIV-specific IgG, but not IgA, was detected in genital secretions and the ratio of total IgG to HIV-specific IgG was similar to plasma. HIV-specific IgG reacted with multiple envelope antigens, including V1V2, gp120, gp140 and gp41. Two women had high plasma titers of HIV-specific IgG3 which was also detected in their genital tract samples. IgG from the genital tract had neutralizing activity against both Tier 1 and Tier 2 primary HIV-isolates. Antibodies targeting well known glycan epitopes and the membrane proximal region of gp41 were detected in genital secretions, and matched specificities in plasma. Conclusions:Women with plasma bNAbs have overlapping specificities in their genital secretions, indicating that these predominantly IgG isotype antibodies may transudate from blood to the genital tract. These data provide evidence that induction of systemic HIV-specific bNAbs can lead to antiviral immunity at the portal of entry.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been predicted to become the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. However, few studies have evaluated changes in the etiology of liver diseases among patients awaiting LT, and none have focused on the effects of NASH on liver transplant waitlists in the United States. METHODS We collected data from the United Network for Organ Sharing and Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network registry from 2004 through 2013, on liver transplant waitlist registrants with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, NASH, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), or a combination of HCV infection and ALD. We compared differences in survival within 90 days of registration (90-day survival) and probability of LT among patients with different diseases using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2013, new waitlist registrants with NASH increased by 170% (from 804 to 2174), with ALD increased by 45% (from 1400 to 2024), and with HCV increased by 14% (from 2887 to 3291); registrants with HCV and ALD decreased by 9% (from 880 to 803). In 2013, NASH became the second-leading disease among liver transplant waitlist registrants, after HCV. Patients with ALD had a significantly higher mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score at time of waitlist registration than other registrants. However, after multivariate adjustment, patients with ALD were less likely to die within 90 days when compared with patients with NASH (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.89; P < .001); patients with HCV infection or HCV and ALD had similar odds for 90-day survival compared with NASH patients. Compared with patients with NASH, patients with HCV (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.35-1.55; P < .001), ALD (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06-1.24; P < .001), or HCV and ALD (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.18-1.42; P < .001) had higher odds for 90-day survival. CONCLUSIONS Based on data from US adult LT databases, since 2004 the number of adults with NASH awaiting LTs has almost tripled. However, patients with NASH are less likely to undergo LT and less likely to survive for 90 days on the waitlist than patients with HCV, ALD, or HCV and ALD.
Glasswing: accelerating mapreduce on multi-core and many-core clusters

The impact and significance of parallel computing techniques is continuously increasing given the current trend of incorporating more cores in new processor designs. However, many Big Data systems fail to exploit the abundant computational power of multi-core CPUs and GPUs to their full potential. We present Glasswing, a scalable MapReduce framework that employs a configurable mixture of coarse- and fine-grained parallelism to achieve high performance on multi-core CPUs and GPUs. We experimentally evaluated the performance of five MapReduce applications and show that Glasswing outperforms Hadoop on a 64-node multi-core CPU cluster by a factor between 1.8 and 4, and by a factor from 20 to 30 on a 16-node GPU cluster.
Error analysis for a free-hand three-dimensional ultrasound system for neuronavigation

Image-guided neurosurgery that is directed by a preoperative imaging study, such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or computerized tomography (CT) scanning, can be very accurate provided no significant changes occur during surgery. A variety of factors known to affect brain tissue movement are not reflected in the preoperative images used for guidance. To update the information on which neuronavigation is based, the authors propose the use of three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound images in conjunction with a finite-element computational model of the deformation of the brain. The 3-D ultrasound system will provide real-time information on the displacement of deep structures to guide the mathematical model. This paper has two goals: first, to present an outline of steps necessary to compute the location of a feature appearing in an ultrasound image in an arbitrary coordinate system; and second, to present an extensive evaluation of this system's accuracy. The authors have found that by using a stylus rigidly coupled to the 3-D tracker's sensor, they were able to locate a point with an overall error of 1.36 ± 1.67 mm (based on 39 points). When coupling the tracker to an ultrasound scanhead, they found that they could locate features appearing on ultrasound images with an error of 2.96 ± 1.85 mm (total 58 features). They also found that when registering a skull phantom to coordinates that were defined by MR imaging or CT scanning, they could do so with an error of 0.86 ± 0.61 mm (based on 20 coordinates). Based on their previous finding of brain shifts on the order of 1 cm during surgery, the accuracy of their system warrants its use in updating neuronavigation imaging data.
The influence of bone substitute material on mechanical properties of trabecular bone in augmentation of intra-articular impression fractures. Experimental study

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of bone substitute materials on mechanical properties of trabecular bone adjacent to the joint. Material and methods A total of 21 female chinchilla rabbits weighing 3-3.5 kg was used for the experimental study. A bilateral impression fracture was simulated in the medial tibial condyle and surgically augmented with one of the bone substitution materials: beta-tricalcium phosphate, xenoplastic material and carbon nanostructures. The animals were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 weeks postsurgery. Uniaxial compression test was performed to determine mechanical properties of the tibial fragments. Bone microstructure was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Statistical data analysis was performed with nonparametric tests. Results Beta-tricalcium phosphate augmentation of the bone interface led to slow resorption accompanied by formation of adequate high-grade bone tissue with mechanical properties gradually increasing with greater observation time that indicated to the bone substitute integrated well with the host bone of the impression bone defect. Xenoplastic augmentation resulted in rapid resorption accompanied by formation of immature bone with mechanical properties declining at 6 to 12 weeks of observation. Carbon nanostructure augmentation of the bone interface caused perifocal bone resorption and absence of osteointegration with mechanical properties declining at 12 to 25 weeks of observation.
Production of Microbial Lipids from Lignocellulosic Biomass

The current industrial production of the biodiesel relies mainly on vegetable oils that could result in the shortage of edible oils in food markets and increase in their prices. Microbial lipids produced by oleaginous microorganism have attracted a lot of attention in the recent years as a source of high-value polyunsaturated acids as well as alternative feedstock for the production of biodiesel. However, the production of microbial oils faces a number of problems concerning the costs of lipid extraction, carbon source and operational cost for microbial cultivation in conventional stirred tank bioreactor which makes production economically unfeasible. Non-food feedstocks, lignocellulose biomass and different waste streams containing lignocellulose, are low-cost sources of renewable carbon that could significantly reduce the production cost of microbial lipids. This review analyses the current production of microbial lipids from lignocellulose feedstocks and gives an overview of the main stages in the process of lipid production, pretreatment and hydrolysis of the feedstock and microbial cultivation. Cultivation of oleaginous microorganisms has been conducted by submerged cultivation and solid state fermentation. Three process configurations have been used in the lipid production including, separate hydrolysis and lipid production (SHLP), simultaneous saccharification and lipid production (SSLP) and consolidate bioprocessing (CBP). Implementing the biorefinery concept that includes co-production of different value-added products (polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, lignin and pigments) could improve the feasibility of lipid production bioprocess.
Mechanisms and models of somatic cell reprogramming Citation

Conversion of somatic cells to pluripotency by defined factors is a long and complex process that yields embryonic stem cell-like cells that vary in their developmental potential. To improve the quality of resulting induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which is important for potential therapeutic applications, and to address fundamental questions about control of cell identity, molecular mechanisms of the reprogramming process must be understood. Here we discuss recent discoveries regarding the role of reprogramming factors in remodeling the genome, including new insights into the function of c-Myc, and describe the different phases, markers and emerging models of reprogramming.
Imaging Facial Signs of Neurophysiological Responses

In the present paper, we introduce an integrated framework for detecting peripheral sympathetic responses through purely imaging means. The measurements are performed on three facial areas of sympathetic importance, that is, periorbital, supraorbital, and maxillary. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the sympathetic importance of the maxillary area is analyzed. Because the imaging measurements are thermal in nature and are composed of multiple components of variable frequency (i.e., blood flow, sweat gland activation, and breathing), we chose wavelets as the image analysis framework. The measurements also carry substantial noise due to imperfections in tissue tracking and segmentation. The image analysis is grounded on galvanic skin response (GSR) signals, which are still considered the golden standard in peripheral neurophysiological and psychophysiological studies. The experimental results show that monitoring of the facial channels yields similar detecting power to GSR's. However, detailed quantification of the responses, although feasible in GSR through appropriate modeling, is quite difficult in the facial channels for the moment. Further improvements in facial tissue tracking and segmentation are bound to overcome this limitation. This paper opens a new research area that leads to unobtrusive screening technologies in neurophysiology and psychophysiology.
On controlled frames in Hilbert C∗-modules

In this paper, we introduce controlled frames in Hilbert C∗-modules and we show that they share many useful properties with their corresponding notions in Hilbert space. Next, we give a characterization of controlled frames in Hilbert C∗-module. Also multiplier operators for controlled frames in Hilbert C∗-modules will be defined and some of its properties will be shown. Finally, we investigate weighted frames in Hilbert C∗-modules and verify their relations to controlled frames and multiplier operators.
A growing season land surface process/radiobrightness model for wheat-stubble in the Southern Great Plains

The authors' point-scale Land Surface Process/Radiobrightness (LSP/R) model for a prairie grassland in the northern Great Plains was adapted to winter wheat-stubble within the region of the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP'97) Hydrology Experiment. The model maintains running estimates of near-surface soil moisture and stored water in soil and vegetation when forced by weather, and predicts the microwave brightness of the terrain. LSP/R model predictions were compared with the field observations recorded during SGP'97. The model captures canopy and soil temperatures very well, with the maximum mean and variance of the difference between the model and field temperatures being 1.06 K and 3.28 K/sup 2/, respectively. It yields reasonable predictions for the moisture in deeper layers of the soil, but its predictions for the moisture in the upper layers are low by /spl sim/2.3% by volume. These underpredictions of near-surface soil moisture result in higher H-pol brightnesses at 19 GHz than those observed.
Phylogenetic Patterns of Human Coxsackievirus B5 Arise from Population Dynamics between Two Genogroups and Reveal Evolutionary Factors of Molecular Adaptation and Transmission

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to gain insights into the tempo and mode of the evolutionary processes that sustain genetic diversity in coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) and into the interplay with virus transmission. We estimated phylodynamic patterns with a large sample of virus strains collected in Europe by Bayesian statistical methods, reconstructed the ancestral states of genealogical nodes, and tested for selection. The genealogies estimated with the structural one-dimensional gene encoding the VP1 protein and nonstructural 3CD locus allowed the precise description of lineages over time and cocirculating virus populations within the two CVB5 clades, genogroups A and B. Strong negative selection shaped the evolution of both loci, but compelling phylogenetic data suggested that immune selection pressure resulted in the emergence of the two genogroups with opposed evolutionary pathways. The genogroups also differed in the temporal occurrence of the amino acid changes. The virus strains of genogroup A were characterized by sequential acquisition of nonsynonymous changes in residues exposed at the virus 5-fold axis. The genogroup B viruses were marked by selection of three changes in a different domain (VP1 C terminus) during its early emergence. These external changes resulted in a selective sweep, which was followed by an evolutionary stasis that is still ongoing after 50 years. The inferred population history of CVB5 showed an alternation of the prevailing genogroup during meningitis epidemics across Europe and is interpreted to be a consequence of partial cross-immunity.
Impact of the Context Relevancy on Ratings Prediction in a Movie-Recommender System

Recommender systems are a popular and a highly researched way of helping users get to their desired content in the huge amount of available data, and services online. Understanding the situation in which users consume the items was shown to improve the recommendation process. For that reason, context-aware recommender system (CARS) employs contextual information in order to enhance the user's model and to improve the recommendations. An issue that is still open is how to decide which pieces of contextual information to acquire and how to incorporate them into CARS, since using irrelevant piece of contextual information could have a negative impact on the recommendations. We propose a methodology for detecting which pieces of contextual information contribute to explaining the variance in the ratings, based on statistical testing. We also inspect the impact of the detected relevant pieces of contextual information on the ratings prediction based on the matrix-factorization algorithm. The experiment was conducted on the MovieAT database. The results showed a significant difference in the ratings prediction using the relevant and the irrelevant pieces of contextual information. We also confirmed the positive impact of the relevant, and negative impact of the irrelevant pieces of contextual information with respect to the uncontextualized model.