Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The knowledge-in-use of expert and experienced supervisors of PhD students in the social sciences

This thesis examines what expert and experienced PhD supervisors in the social sciences do well and how they do it. It is set in the context of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) initiatives in the early 1990s to broaden the purposes of an academic research training and to promote timely PhD submissions. Many have claimed that PhD supervisors play a central role in the PhD process and this research aspired to achieve clearer understandings of the expertise involved in fulfilling that role. The research was informed by Schutz's phenomenological analysis of common sense and related concepts. It involved a student survey and six supervisor case studies. The survey aimed to determine the criteria in terms of which students judged supervision to be successful, and to identify those expert supervisors who most fully met these criteria. In going beyond criteria identified by students, the aim of the case studies was to ask how successful supervision could be achieved. 'Expert' supervisors agreeing to participate were observed over several supervision sessions and asked later in interview to talk about the various actions they took in the observed sessions. Conclusions drawn from the student survey and the case studies included a close match between student and supervisor criteria and priorities for supervision. A clear emphasis was placed by both supervisors and students on bridging gaps between student knowledge, skills and motivation at any stage and what was necessary to achieve success in their PhD studies. The distinctive nature of supervisory expertise and the willingness of supervisors to reflect usefully on their taken for-granted expert practices were thought to have important implications for the initial and continuing education of PhD supervisors, the relationships between supervision and formal research training, ESRC research training policy, and future research on the craft of PhD supervision.
IMAGE ORIENTATION BY COMBINED BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT WITH FIXED IMAGERIES

According to self-calibration bundle block adjustment, a mathematical model which solutes exterior orientation elements of the new imageries by using fixed imageries in the same area is set up at first. The orientation parameters of the fixed imageries are previously obtained. Several sets of aerial imageries at different scales are simulated based on a piece of DOM (Digital Orthophoto Map) with a scale of 1:50,000 and corresponding DEM (Digital Elevation Model) with the interval of grid being 100 meters of some certain area. Finally, the exterior orientation elements of these new imageries and 3D coordinates of photogrammetric points are calculated by combined bundle block adjustment with the derived mathematical model. The empirical results show that the exterior orientation elements and the coordinates of the photogrammetric points are identical between the mentioned method and the conventional bundle block adjustment for the two periods of imageries at the same scale. However, when the image scales are different the adjusted accuracy has an apparent decrease but can still meet the specification of topographic maps. The experiment has verified that the determination of the orientation parameters of the new imageries by using the fixed imageries is correct in theory and is feasible in practice. And the accuracy of 3D coordinates of the photogrammetric points, which are purely gained by combined adjustment with two periods of imageries, satisfies the requirement of the specification of topographic maps. That is to say, aerial triangulation without ground control points (GCPs) can be truly realized. It will have glory application future on the map revision, the update of geographic spatial information database and automatic change detection of multi-temporal imageries.
Voronoi-Based Continuous $k$ Nearest Neighbor Search in Mobile Navigation

Digital ecosystems are formed by “digital organisms” in complex, dynamic, and interrelated ecosystems and utilize multiple technologies to provide cost-efficient digital services and value-creating activities. A distributed wireless mobile network that serves as the underlying infrastructure to digital ecosystems provides important applications to the digital ecosystems, two of which are mobile navigation and continuous mobile information services. Most information and query services in a mobile environment are continuous mobile query processing or continuous k nearest neighbor (CKNN), which finds the locations where interest points or interest objects change while mobile users are moving. These locations are known as “split nodes. ” All of the existing works on CKNN divide the query path into segments, which is a segment of road separated by two intersections, and then, the process to find split nodes is applied to each segment. Since there are many segments (due to many intersections, obviously), processing each segment is naturally inefficient. In this paper, we propose an alternative solution to overcome this problem. We use the Voronoi diagram for CKNN [called Voronoi CKNN (VCKNN)]. Our proposed approach does not need to divide the query path into segments, hence improving the overall query processing performance. Our experiment verified the applicability of the VCKNN approach to solve CKNN queries.
High-speed ultrasound volumetric imaging system. I. Transducer design and beam steering

Transducer design and phased array beam steering are developed for a volumetric ultrasound scanner that enables the 3-D visualization of dynamic structures in real time. The authors describe the design considerations and preliminary evaluation of a high-speed, online volumetric ultrasound imaging system that uses the principles of pulse-echo, phased array scanning with a 2-D array transducer. Several 2-D array designs are analyzed for resolution and main lobe-side lobe ratio by simulation using 2-D fast Fourier transform methods. Fabrication techniques are described for 2-D array transducer. Experimental measurements of pulse-echo point spread responses for 2-D arrays agree with the simulations. Measurements of pulse-echo sensitivity, bandwidth, and crosstalk are included. <<ETX>>
Visual Psychophysics and Physiological Optics Vision in Observers With Enhanced SCone Syndrome : An Excess of SCones but Connected Mainly to Conventional SCone Pathways

Citation: Ripamonti C, Aboshiha J, Henning GB, et al. Vision in observers with enhanced S-cone syndrome: an excess of S-cones but connected mainly to conventional S-cone pathways. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:963–976. DOI:10.1167/iovs. 13-12897 PURPOSE. The effect of increased numbers of S-cone photoreceptors in enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS) was investigated psychophysically in six ESCS observers to understand more about relative cone sensitivities and postreceptoral organization.
Setting Adaptive Spike Detection Threshold for Smoothed TEO Based on Robust Statistics Theory

We propose a novel approach aimed at adaptively setting the threshold of the smoothed Teager energy operator (STEO) detector to be used in extracellular recording of neural signals. In this proposed approach, to set the adaptive threshold of the STEO detector, we derive the relationship between the low-order statistics of its input signal and the ones of its output signal. This relationship is determined with only the background noise component assumed to be present at the input. Robust statistics theory techniques were used to achieve an unbiased estimation of these low-order statistics of the background noise component directly from the neural input signal. In this paper, the emphasis is made on extracellular neural recordings. However, the proposed method can be used in the analysis of different biomedical signals where spikes are important for diagnostic (e.g., ECG, EEG, etc.). We validated the efficacy of the proposed method using synthetic neural signals constructed from real neural recordings signals. Four different sets of extracellular recordings from four distinct neural sources have been exploited to that purpose. The first dataset is recorded from an adult male monkey using the Utath 10×10 microelectrode array implemented in the prefrontal cortex, the second one was obtained from the visual cortex of a rat using a stainless-steel-tipped microelectrode, the third dataset came from recording in a human medial lobe using intracranial electrode, and finally, the fourth one was extracted from recordings in a macaque parietal cortex using a single tetrode. Simulation results show that our approach is effective and robust, and outperforms state-of-the-art adaptive detection methods in its category (i.e., efficient and simple, and do not require a priori knowledge about neural spike waveforms shapes).
Comparison of in vivo confocal microscopic findings between epi-LASIK procedures with different management of the epithelial flaps.

PURPOSE To use in vivo confocal microscopy to compare the wound-healing process in epikeratome laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (epi-LASIK) with different management of the epithelial flaps. METHODS This prospective study comprised 46 eyes in the on-flap group and 47 eyes in the off-flap group. Epithelial flaps were repositioned or removed in the on- and off-flap eyes, respectively. In vivo confocal microscopy was performed before surgery and at 1 and 2 weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Corneal epithelial thickness, basal/apical surface epithelial morphology, and stromal reactions were analyzed. RESULTS Complete epithelialization by slit lamp biomicroscopy was faster for mitomycin C (MMC)-treated off-flap (4.27 ± 0.70 days) than on-flap (5.84 ± 0.08 days) eyes (P = 0.01). The percentage of eyes recovering to preoperative basal epithelial cell confocal morphology in the on- and off-flap groups was 87.5% and 92.3% for MMC-treated eyes and 86.3% and 90.5% in eyes without MMC treatment at 1 month after surgery. Of the studied eyes, with or without MMC, 50% and 100% returned to their preoperative apical epithelial morphology by 3 months in the on-flap and off-flap groups, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that the repositioned flap resulted in significant delay of epithelialization and apical-basal epithelial recovery (P < 0.01). Stromal reaction did not differ significantly at any of the time points. Corneal epithelial thickness was significantly thicker in the on-flap eyes (54.2 ± 4.5 μm) than in the off-flap eyes (26.7 ± 5.8 μm) at 1 month after surgery (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS On- and off-flap epi-LASIK showed comparable clinical outcomes after surgery. Off-flap epi-LASIK had more rapid re-epithelialization and normalization of epithelial morphology than did on-flap epi-LASIK, when observed by in vivo confocal microscopy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00491439.).
CONCURRENT CONTROL OF VELOCITY-FORCE CONTROL AND ENERGY-SAVING CONTROL IN HYDRAULIC VALUE-CONTROLLED CYLINDER SYSTEMS

High servo control response and high energy-efficiency are requested in hydraulic servo systems of current hydraulic machines. This investigation concurrently implements energy-saving control and velocity-force control for simultaneously realizing high velocity-force control response and high energy-efficiency for hydraulic valve-controlled cylinder systems. The velocity-force control of the hydraulic cylinder, including 1st stage of velocity control and 2nd stage of force control, can be applied in hydraulic machines, i.e. injection moulding machines. The energy-saving control implemented here contains load-sensing control, constant supply pressure control and constant supply power control. The concurrent control of energy-saving control and velocity-force control of the hydraulic valve-controlled cylinder system becomes a two-input and two-output control problem. For that, an intelligent control strategies using fuzzy sliding mode control is developed. The experimental comparisons of the four different systems, including velocity-force control with load-sensing control, velocity-force control with constant supply pressure control, velocity-force control with constant supply power control and velocity-force control without energy-saving control, are implemented for the same velocity-force profile. The minimum consumed powers in each system are compared. The feasibility of the concurrent control of energy-saving control and velocity-force control is verified experimentally.
Contribuição apresentada pela ANPEd nas audiências públicas sobre as "Diretrizes para a Formação Inicial de Professores da Educação Básica Em Curso de Nível Superior", promovidas pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação

Venho à presença dos senhores Conselheiros, em nome da Presidente da Associação Nacional de PósGraduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd), Prof.a Nilda Alves, a quem represento neste momento, reiterar meus cumprimentos ao Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) pela iniciativa de convidar diversas entidades da sociedade civil, para se pronunciarem, em audiência pública, sobre as Diretrizes Curriculares para a Formação de Professores para a Educação Básica. A ANPEd, neste ano, comemora 25 anos de existência. Na verdade, ela foi institucionalizada como associação em 1978, porém a idéia de sua fundação remonta a 1976, logo, neste ano festeja-se seu jubileu de prata. Quero lembrar que a ANPEd constitui uma sociede civil, que congrega programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Educação, professores e estudantes vinculados a estes programas e demais pesquisadores da área. Seu quadro social é composto por sócios, das seguintes categorias: sócios institucionais, que somam 51 Programas, e sócios individuais, que se reúnem em 19 Grupos de Trabalho (GT). A identidade dos GT é consubstanciada, sobretudo, pelas pesquisas voltadas para temáticas educacionais específicas. Dos GT, cito o de “Formação de Professores”, organizado em 1983, com a denominação “Licenciaturas” e que vem se dedicando, historicamente, aos estudos e pesquisas a respeito da formação de professores para a educação básica, embora essa questão interpenetre as temáticas de outros GT. Lembro ainda que a Associação vem participando * A ANPEd esteve presente em todas as audiências regionais realizadas para discutir a Proposta de diretrizes para a formação inicial de professores da educação básica, em cursos de nível superior , a saber: Porto Alegre, 19.03. 2001, representada por Alfredo Veiga Netto, (Vice-Presidente); São Paulo, em 20.03. 2001, representada por Elsa Garrido (Vice-Presidente); Goiânia, em 21.03. 2001, representada por Iria Brzezinski (Secretária Geral); Recife, em 21.03. 2001, representada por Janete Faria Lins de Azevedo; e Belém do Pará, em 23.03. 2001, representada por Nilda Alves (Presidente). O texto acima contempla as intervenções feitas nas audiências regionais pelos diversos representantes e especificamente na audiência nacional, realizada em Brasília, em 12.04. 2001, na qual a ANPEd foi representada por Iria Brzezinski (Secretária Geral). Contribuição Apresentada pela ANPEd nas Audiências Públicas sobre as “Diretrizes para a Formação Inicial de Professores da Educação Básica Em Curso de Nível Superior”, Promovidas pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação *
Adaptive Cache Coherency For Detecting Migratory Shared Data

Parallel programs exhibit a small number of distinct data-sharing patterns. A common data-sharing pattern, migratory access, is characterized by exclusive read and write access by one processor at a time to a shared datum. We describe a family of adaptive cache coherency protocols that dynamically identify migratory shared data in order to reduce the cost of moving them. The protocols use a standard memory model and processor-cache interface. They do not require any compile-time or run-time software support. We describe implementations for bus-based multiprocessors and for shared-memory multiprocessors that use directory-based caches. These implementations are simple and would not significantly increase hardware cost. We use trace- and execution-driven simulation to compare the performance of the adaptive protocols to standard write-invalidate protocols. These simulations indicate that, compared to conventional protocols, the use of the adaptive protocol can almost halve the number of inter-node messages on some applications. Since cache coherency traffic represents a larger part of the total communication as cache size increases, the relative benefit of using the adaptive protocol also increases.
Oral health behavior and factors associated with poor oral status in Qatar: results from a national health survey

OBJECTIVES Oral health is a crucial determinant of quality of life. We aimed to determine oral health condition and factors associated with poor oral status in the adult national population of Qatar. METHODS We used data from the World Health Organization supported STEPS (STEPwise approach to Surveillance) Survey conducted by the Supreme Council of Health, Qatar in 2012. A total of 2,496 Qataris (1,053 men, 1,443 women) answered the national survey. The Rao-Scott Chi-Square test was used to analyze oral health characteristics and multinomial logistic regression to assess risk factors. RESULTS The self-perceived oral status of approximately 40 percent of respondents was either "average" or "poor" rather than "good. " Poor oral status was more often reported by women (OR = 1.93; 95%CI = 1.30-2.80), by older (OR = 3.38; 95%CI = 1.59-7.19) and less educated respondents (OR = 3.58; 95%CI = 2.15-5.96). Other risk groups included people with diabetes (OR = 1.87; 95%CI = 1.24-2.81), smokeless tobacco users (OR = 3.90; 95%CI = 1.75-8.68), or ever tobacco users (OR = 1.66; 95%CI = 1.03-2.67). Oral health status appeared to be independent of diet, BMI status, and history of hypertension. Difficulties and behaviors related to oral health were more frequently reported by women than by men. These included pain (P < 0.001), difficulty chewing (P < 0.001), and discomfort over appearance of teeth (P < 0.001). Participants used toothbrushes, toothpicks, dental floss, and miswak to maintain oral hygiene. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that oral health remains a public health concern in Qatar.
Using a Bayesian Network to Predict the Probability and Type of Breast Cancer Represented by Microcalcifications on Mammography

Since the widespread adoption of mammographic screening in the 1980's there has been a significant increase in the detection and biopsy of both benign and malignant microcalcifications. Though current practice standards recommend that the positive predictive value (PPV) of breast biopsy should be in the range of 25-40%, there exists significant variability in practice. Microcalcifications, if malignant, can represent either a non-invasive or an invasive form of breast cancer. The distinction is critical because distinct surgical therapies are indicated. Unfortunately, this information is not always available at the time of surgery due to limited sampling at image-guided biopsy. For these reasons we conducted an experiment to determine whether a previously created Bayesian network for mammography could predict the significance of microcalcifications. In this experiment we aim to test whether the system is able to perform two related tasks in this domain: 1) to predict the likelihood that microcalcifications are malignant and 2) to predict the likelihood that a malignancy is invasive to help guide the choice of appropriate surgical therapy.
Selection and Treatment of Data for Radiocarbon Calibration: An Update to the International Calibration (IntCal) Criteria

High-quality data from appropriate archives are needed for the continuing improvement of radiocarbon calibration curves. We discuss here the basic assumptions behind 14C dating that necessitate calibration and the relative strengths and weaknesses of archives from which calibration data are obtained. We also highlight the procedures, problems, and uncertainties involved in determining atmospheric and surface ocean 14C/12C in these archives, including a discussion of the various methods used to derive an independent absolute timescale and uncertainty. The types of data required for the current IntCal database and calibration curve model are tabulated with examples.
Unresolved Issues for Utilization of Atypical Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Polypharmacy and Metabolic Syndrome

Atypical antipsychotics (AAP) are the prevailing form of schizophrenia treatment today due to their low side effects and superior efficacy. Nevertheless, some issues still need to be addressed. First, there are still a large number of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which has led to a growing trend to resort to AAP polypharmacy with few side effects. Most clinical treatment guidelines recommend clozapine monotherapy in TRS, but around one third of schizophrenic patients fail to respond to clozapine. For these patients, with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia AAP polypharmacy is a common strategy with a continually growing evidence base. Second, AAP generally have great risks for developing metabolic syndrome, such as weight gain, abnormality in glucose, and lipid metabolism. These metabolic side effects have become huge stumbling blocks in today’s schizophrenia treatment that aims to improve patients’ quality of life as well as symptoms. The exact reasons why this particular syndrome occurs in patients treated with AAP is as yet unclear though factors such as interaction of AAP with neurotransmitter receptors, genetic pholymorphisms, type of AAPs, length of AAP use, and life style of schizophrenic patients that may contribute to its development. The present article aimed to review the evidence underlying these key issues and provide the most reasonable interpretations to expand the overall scope of antipsychotics usage.
Pervasive Sign Epistasis between Conjugative Plasmids and Drug-Resistance Chromosomal Mutations

Multidrug-resistant bacteria arise mostly by the accumulation of plasmids and chromosomal mutations. Typically, these resistant determinants are costly to the bacterial cell. Yet, recently, it has been found that, in Escherichia coli bacterial cells, a mutation conferring resistance to an antibiotic can be advantageous to the bacterial cell if another antibiotic-resistance mutation is already present, a phenomenon called sign epistasis. Here we study the interaction between antibiotic-resistance chromosomal mutations and conjugative (i.e., self-transmissible) plasmids and find many cases of sign epistasis (40%)—including one of reciprocal sign epistasis where the strain carrying both resistance determinants is fitter than the two strains carrying only one of the determinants. This implies that the acquisition of an additional resistance plasmid or of a resistance mutation often increases the fitness of a bacterial strain already resistant to antibiotics. We further show that there is an overall antagonistic interaction between mutations and plasmids (52%). These results further complicate expectations of resistance reversal by interdiction of antibiotic use.