Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal rotational resonance echoes in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance: Investigation of zero quantum spin dynamics

In the magic angle spinning NMR of rotating solids, it is possible to drive nuclear spin transitions by the macroscopic sample rotation. This rotational resonance phenomenon arises when the chemical shift frequency difference between two neighboring spin sites matches a small integer multiple of the sample rotation frequency. The mechanically driven spin evolution may be reversed by applying a radio-frequency pulse cycle, leading to the formation of rotational resonance echoes. A detailed theory based on a Liouville space formalism is developed. Experimental demonstrations are given for a polycrystalline sample of zinc 13C2 acetate. The decay of zero quantum coherence is examined at two different magnetic fields.
On Order Statistics from the Gompertz–Makeham Distribution and the Lambert W Function

Abstract The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we show that the expected value of the minimum order statistic from the Gompertz-Makeham distribution can be expressed in closed form in terms of the incomplete gamma function. We also give a general formula for the moments of the minimum order statistic in terms of the generalized integro-exponential function. As a consequence, the moments of all order statistics from this probability distribution can be more easily evaluated from the moments of the minimum order statistic. Second, we show that the maximum and minimum order statistics from the Gompertz-Makeham distribution are in the domains of attraction of the Gumbel and Weibull distributions, respectively. Lambert W function plays an important role in solving these problems.
Tabular techniques for generating Kronecker expansions

Tabular techniques and algorithms for generating Kronecker expansions are presented. The Kronecker expansions, a subclass of mixed-polarity Reed-Muller expansions, can be generated from Boolean functions Kronecker expansions of different polarity. The techniques can be used for completely and incompletely specified Boolean functions. The algorithms were implemented in Pascal and fully tested. Examples are given to illustrate the procedures.
Docking-based Multi-objective Molecular optimization Pipeline using Structure-constrained Genetic Algorithm

Lead optimization is a multi-objective optimization problem that satisfies various pharmacological properties by considering the binding affinity with a disease protein target. Maintaining the substructure to have selectivity for the disease protein target while satisfying the pharmacological properties is essential. optimizing and ranking multiple candidate molecules is problematic because it involves conflicting and incomparable goals that must be maximized or minimized simultaneously. To solve this problem, we introduce a method of structure-constrained molecular optimization using a genetic algorithm with molecular docking. The proposed algorithm performs multi-objective optimization for multi-properties while satisfying the scaffold constraint of the molecular structure through two-phase optimization. The experiments of BACE1 inhibitor optimization indicate that the proposed model can effectively discover molecules that conserve scaffold substructure and satisfy pharmacological properties. Our model is available at https://github.con/devYurim/DMMOPGA.
Spectral Approach to Solving the Problem of Bithreshold Separability

The paper deals with the issues concerning the application of methods of harmonic analysis in the theory of bithreshold neural units. We show that the values of spectral coefficients of first two orders of a dichotomy function of the finite set in n-dimensional space give answer to the question of the bithreshold separability of two subsets in which this dichotomy results. The established properties of bithreshold neurons can be useful in the design of off-line learning algorithms developed on the base of the spectral approach.
“THIN” VERSUS “THICK” MATCHING IN THE MANTEL-HAENSZEL PROCEDURE FOR DETECTING DIF

This Monte Carlo study examined strategies for forming the matching variable for the Mantel-Haenszel DIF procedure; “thin” matching on total test score was compared to forms of “thick” matching, pooling levels of the matching variable. Data were generated using a three-parameter item response theory model with common guessing parameter. Number of subjects and test length were manipulated, as were the difficulty, discrimination, and presence/absence of DIF in the studied item. Outcome measures were the transformed log-odds ΔMH, its standard error, and the MH chi-square statistic. For short tests (5 or 10 items), thin matching yielded very poor results, with a tendency to falsely identify items as possessing DIF against the reference group. The best methods of thick matching yielded outcome measure values closer to the expected value for non-DIF items, and a larger value than thin matching when the studied item possessed DIF. Intermediate length tests yielded similar results for thin matching and the best methods of thick matching. The method of thick matching that performed best depended upon the measure used to detect DIF. Both difficulty and discrimination of the studied item were found to have a strong effect on the value of ΔMH.
Implementing Robust Time Solutions for Modern Power Systems

Modern power systems rely on accurate time for protection, monitoring, and control. Some of these applications include synchrophasors, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), sampled values, user logs, and sequence of events. Precise time has become a critical component of these systems. Further, there has been discussion of the vulnerability of these systems if time sources are lost or disrupted, either through natural events or malicious intent, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) jamming, equipment failure, and geomagnetic storms. This paper examines various time sources available for use in power system applications, including GPS, Network Time Protocol/Simple Network Time Protocol (NTP/SNTP), IEEE 1588, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) radio station WWVB, and rubidium standards. Each time source is analyzed and evaluated in the following areas: accuracy, distribution methods, applications, costs, benefits, and weaknesses. Time-distribution systems are described that address reliability, scalability, cost, and security. This paper includes an analysis of the applicability of each time source for use in various control and automation schemes. As examples, synchrophasors, SCADA, and logging time precision are evaluated, and recommendations are provided for each application.
Structural damage detection based on non-negative matrix factorization and relevance vector machine

This paper presents a novel approach to detect structural damage combining non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and relevance vector machine (RVM). Firstly, the time history of acceleration signal are decomposed using the wavelet packet transform to extract wavelet packet node energy as the damage feature, and construct a non-negative matrix using the wavelet packet node energy index of all time history of acceleration data measured by multiple accelerometers installed on the different locations of structure. Secondly, for increasing the damage detection accuracy, the dimension of the feature non-negative matrix is reduced by NMF techniques and new representation of this matrix is obtained. Lastly, RVM, a powerful tool for classification and regression, is used to detect the location of potential damage from the reduced damage feature matrix. Numerical study on the Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge is carried out to illustrate the ability of the proposed method in damage detection.
How Well Do Item Parcels Represent Conceptually Defined Latent Constructs? A Two-Facet Approach

This article presents a methodology for examining the content and nature of item parcels as indicators of a conceptually defined latent construct. An essential component of this methodology is the 2-facet measurement model, which includes items and parcels as facets of construct indicators. The 2-facet model tests assumptions required for accepting parcels as aggregates of item covariation in representing the latent construct. According to this methodology, parcels are acceptable indicators of the latent construct if the 2-facet model meets parametric assumptions for unidimensionality and if items and parcels have content validity as measures of the latent construct. The proposed methodology is illustrated using a 1-factor model of the Worry construct in the test anxiety measurement tradition
Competition between axisymmetric and three-dimensional patterns between exactly counter-rotating disks

The bifurcations and the nonlinear dynamics of the von Karman swirling flow between exactly counter-rotating disks in a stationary cylinder are numerically and experimentally investigated. The dynamics are governed by two parameters, the radius-to-height ratio A=R∕H and the Reynolds number, Re, based on disk rotation speed and cylinder height. The stability analysis performed for 2⩽A⩽20 shows that nonaxisymmetric and axisymmetric modes can be stationary or time dependent in this range. Three-dimensional modes are dominant for A⩽13.25 while axisymmetric modes are critical for A>13.25. The patterns of the dominant perturbations are analyzed. In the particular case of A=15, nonlinear computations are performed at Reynolds numbers slightly above threshold and are compared to experimental results, showing the competition between axisymmetric and three-dimensional modes.
A simple method for computing the inverse of a numerator relationship matrix used in prediction of breeding values

The inverse of a numerator relationship matrix is needed for best linear unbiased prediction of breeding values. The purpose of this paper to is present a rapid and simple method for computation of the elements of this inverse without computing the relationship matrix itself. The method is particularly useful in noninbred populations but is much faster than the conventional method in the presence of inbreeding.
Analysis of periodic injections in cancer chemotherapy

A recently developed method for explicitly evaluating the time-averaged performance measure of an impulse-forced dynamical system is used to evaluate the effect of periodic injections as a cancer chemotherapy regimen. Explicit formulae are derived for two time-averaged performance measures, thus avoiding the need for tedious repeated numerical integrations. The method is shown to give more accurate predictions than previous periodic optimization methods in the case of one performance measure, and is successfully applied to the other performance measure for which previous optimization methods are inapplicable.
Using composite low rank and sparse graph for label propagation

Based on the low rank representation (LRR) and the sparse representation (SR), a composite LRR with SR graph LRRSR for semi-supervised label propagation is proposed. The LRRSR aims to capture both the global structure of the data by a low rank constraint and the local structure of the data by a sparse constraint simultaneously. A composite framework is applied to fuse the two graphs. Then, a label propagation framework is used to transmit the labels from the labelled samples to the unlabelled samples. It is applied on several face image datasets and the experimental results demonstrate its good performance for face classification with a limited number of labelled samples.
The Influence of Pleasant and Unpleasant Odours on the Acoustics of Speech

Olfaction, i. e. , the sense of smell is referred to as the ‘emotional sense’, as it has been shown to elicit affective responses. Yet, its influence on speech production has not been investigated. In this paper, we introduce a novel speech-based smell recognition approach, drawing from the fields of speech emotion recognition and personalised machine learning. In particular, we collected a corpus of 40 female speakers reading 2 short stories while either no scent, unpleasant odour (fish), or pleasant odour (peach) is applied through a nose clip. Further, we present a machine learning pipeline for the extraction of data representations, model training, and personalisation of the trained models. In a leave-one-speaker-out cross-validation, our best models trained on state-of-the-art wav2vec features achieve a classification rate of 68 % when distinguishing between speech produced under the influence of negative scent and no applied scent. In addition, we highlight the importance of personalisation approaches, showing that a speaker-based feature normalisation substantially improves performance across the evaluated experiments. In summary, the presented results indicate that odours have a weak, but measurable effect on the acoustics of speech.
Jeans instability in a magneto-radiative dusty plasma

The importance of thermal radiation on the Jeans instability is discussed for a magnetized dusty plasma with gravitational effects. The one-fluid MHD equations are developed by assuming that the entropy of each subsystem of plasma is conserved, when the temperature of the plasma species is non-relativistic. The dispersion relation in this case shows that thermal radiation helps to stabilize the Jeans instability. It is shown that the plasma is stable in a certain range of wavelengths. The magnetic field stabilizes the Jeans instability when the wave propagates across the magnetic field. However, for oblique propagation it is seen that the magnetic field does not stabilize the Jeans instability.
Image Inpainting Generation Adversative Network Based on Attention Mechanism

Image inpainting is an essential issue in image processing, which aims to use computer vision technology to restore damaged or lost parts in degraded images automatically. It is widely used in film and television special effects production, such as image editing, digital heritage protection, and other fields. To aim at the problem of image inpainting with relatively complex image structure and high requirement for local image region repair, this paper proposes a deep convolution generation adversative network image repair method combining the local and global refinement network (LG-net) and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM). Firstly, the idea of the generative adversarial network is adopted to capture semantic information of the missing part of the image by using the encoder-decoder network of skip connections. Secondly, to enhance the local repair effect, we built a local development network based on a small receiving field, which can also weaken the effect of distant undesired completion results. Thirdly, we use Convolutional Block Attention Module to obtain the important degree of features, enhance the ability to guide feature information, and further refine the global feature. Finally, the stability of the network is enhanced by introducing the l1 loss, weighted reconstruction loss, perceptual loss, style loss, and TV loss. For the CelebA-HQ dataset, the proposed method obtained a PSNR value of 30.98 and an SSIM value of 0.983, respectively. Moreover, for the ParisView dataset, the proposed method achieved PSNR values of 29.60 and SSIM values of 0.986. Experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the current mainstream image restoration techniques in quality and quantity.
Flashing‐Light Spectrophotometer for Studying the Fast Reactions Occurring during Photosynthesis

Details on the construction of a spectrophotometer for measuring fast absorption changes occurring during photo‐synthesis are described. Repetitive, intense light flashes with 20‐μsec duration were used to initiate the reaction. The pulse generator is capable of producing two flashes, either simultaneously or with variable time separation. The monochromatic monitoring light was split into the sample beam and the reference balancing beam. The photo‐multiplier outputs were fed to a differential circuit so that net absorption changes could be measured. Besides a wideband oscilloscope, a computer of average transients was also used to extract small signals from a high noise background. Thus, transient optical density changes as small as 0.0001 could readily be measured. The performance of the apparatus, especially in conjunction with the CAT computer, was illustrated with the absorption change at 515 mμ in Chlorella and spinach chloroplasts.
Identification of localized group-velocity dispersion of nanostructured silicon waveguide devices using white-light interferometry

This paper presents our recent achievement with a simple white-light Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometric method to identify localized group velocity dispersion (GVD) coefficient or group delay dispersion (GDD) value of the nanostructured silicon waveguide devices (NSWDs). Conventional methods of measuring the GVD of optical fibers or waveguides are related to measurement of the total GVD of the entire fibers or NSWDs. Recently time-resolved heterodyne detection technique and the near-field scanning microscopy technique are demonstrated to measure localized group delay of the photonic crystal waveguides (PhCWs) devices, but the techniques have a limited group delay (GD) resolution depending on laser pulse-width used for the measurement. It is demonstrated that our white-light interferometric method can measure very accurate GDD value up to 0.5 fs/nm resolution. This method has been applied to determine not only the GVD or GDD profile of the entire NSWDs but also that of their localized structural sections, such as grating couplers and interface between the plain strip waveguide and single line-defect (W1) PhCW.
Nondestructive evaluation of the oxidation stresses through thermal barrier coatings using Cr3+ piezospectroscopy

The stresses in the aluminum oxide formed during high‐temperature oxidation of a bond‐coated superalloy are shown to be measurable through zirconia thermal barrier coatings. The basis for the measurements is the piezospectroscopic shift in the R‐line fluorescence (photoluminescence) from Cr3+ impurities incorporated into the growing aluminum oxide scale. Measurements through the thermal barrier coating are feasible because (partially stabilized) zirconia coatings have some transparency at both the excitation and at fluorescence frequencies.
Topology of vortex breakdown bubbles in a cylinder with a rotating bottom and a free surface

The flow patterns in the steady, viscous flow in a cylinder with a rotating bottom and a free surface are investigated by a combination of topological and numerical methods. Assuming the flow is axisymmetric, we derive a list of possible bifurcations of streamline structures on varying two parameters, the Reynolds number and the aspect ratio of the cylinder. Using this theory we systematically perform numerical simulations to obtain the bifurcation diagram. The stability limit for steady flow is found and established as a Hopf bifurcation. We compare with the experiments by Spohn, Mory & Hopfinger (1993) and find both similarities and differences.
Intrinsic stress in thin films deposited on anisotropic substrates and its influence on the natural frequencies of piezoelectric resonators

A description of intrinsic stress in thin films deposited on anisotropic (piezoelectric) substrates is obtained from the rotationally invariant equations of nonlinear elasticity (and electroelasticity). The accompanying residual stress state in the substrate is, of course, included in the description, as is the residual stress state in the thin film. The equations for small dynamic fields superposed on the static (intrinsic plus residual) bias are obtained, and the equation for the perturbation in eigenfrequency of a piezoelectric resonator due to the intrinsic and residual stress state is presented. The static biasing equations for both extension and flexure of the plated crystal plate, which are required for the determination of the residual stress state from the intrinsic stress state, are obtained. The important case of a thin film deposited on one side of a plate substrate is treated in detail, and the relation of the flexural curvatures of the plated plate to the components of the intrinsic stress i.
Quasi‐linear evolution of ULF waves excited by cometary ion pickup

An analytical model is presented which describes the quasi-linear evolution of both ultralow-frequency (ULF) magnetic fluctuations and cometary ion flux in the solar wind due to continuous ion pickup. The derived solution yields both the initial exponential growth of the total wave intensity and the time-asymptotic growth proportional to time obtained in numerical simulations using a one-dimensional hybrid code with a constant rate of cometary ion injection (Gary et al., 1988, 1989). For pickup rates appropriate to cometary environments, the derived fluctuation intensity and pickup ion flux are in general accord with ULF wave observations and water group ion pitch angle distributions upstream of the bow waves at both comet Giacobini-Zinner and comet Halley.
Approximation of Elliptic Boundary-Value Problems

✺ 1950’s: Finite differences and Rayleigh-Ritz-Galerkin ✺ FD: Young (1950) — over relaxation; faster iterative methods for large systems; 5-point schemes ✺ Courant: Variational method with piecewise linear basis functions leads to a 5-point scheme for the Laplace equation. (forgotten for 20 years) ✺ Decisive step: engineers independently develop finite elements (piecewise polynomial shape functions leads to FD)
Searching for cluster magnetic fields in the cooling flows of 0745-191, A2029, and A4059

We have performed sensitive polarimetric radio observations with the Very Large Array (VLA) of three galaxies: PKS 0745-191, PKS 1508+059, and PKS 2354-350, embedded in x-ray cooling flow clusters. High sensitivity, multifrequency maps of all three, along with spectral index and Faraday rotation measure (RM) maps of PKS 1508+059 and PKS 2354-350 are presented. For PKS 1508+059 and PKS 2354-350 models of the electron density of the intracluster medium (ICM) have been used to set lower limits of 0.1 and 2.7 microG, respectively, on the magnetic field in the ICM based on the observed RMs. In an x-ray selected sample of cooling flow clusters with an associated radio source, 57% (8/14) are found to have absolute RMs in excess of 800 radians/sq m. This sample includes the three sources of this study and all the other high RM sources found to date at zeta less than 0.4. These facts are consistent with the high RM phenomenon being produced by magnetic fields associated with the relatively dense, hot x-ray gas in cooling flow clusters.
Examination of 3-6 day Disturbances over Equatorial Indonesia Based on Boundary Layer Radar Observations during 1996-1999 at Bukittinggi, Serpong and Biak

Spectral features of lower tropospheric horizontal wind observed during 1996-1999 by Bukittinggi, Serpong and Biak boundary layer radars show 3-6 day periodicities in zonal and meridional components and longer period zonal wind oscillations. Using bandpass filtering analysis the 3-6 day modes show a westward phase speed of about 700 km day-1 and a zonal wavelength of about 3500 km, and propagate through the Indonesian maritime continent when the westerly wind is prevailing at Biak.