Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiautomatic 3-D model extraction from uncalibrated 2-D camera views

Scenes that contain every-day man-made objects often possess sets of parallel lines and orthogonal planes, the projective features of which possess enough structural information to constrain possible scene element geometries as well as a camera's intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In particular, in a scene with three mutually orthogonal sets of parallel lines, detection of the corresponding three vanishing points of the imaged lines allows us to determine the camera's image-relative principal point and e ective focal length. In this paper we introduce a new technique to solve for radial and decentering lens distortion directly from the results of vanishing point estimation, thus precluding the need for special calibration templates. This is accomplished by using an iterative method to solve for the parameters that minimize vanishing point dispersion. Dispersion here is measured as covariance of vanishing point estimation error projected on the Gaussian sphere whose origin is the estimated center of projection. Having found a complete model for each camera's intrinsic parameters, corresponding points are used in the relative orientation technique to determine the camera's extrinsic parameters as well as point-wise structure. Surfaces inherit planar geometry and extent from manually identi ed coplanar lines and points. View independent textures are created for each surface by nding the 2-D homographic texture transformation which corrects for planar perspective foreshortening. We utilize the local Jacobian of this transformation in two important ways: to prevent aliasing in the plane's texture space and to merge correctly texture data arising from varying sampling resolutions in multiple views.
Fast and Flexible Multivariate Time Series Subsequence Search

Multivariate Time-Series (MTS) are ubiquitous, and are generated in areas as disparate as sensor recordings in aerospace systems, music and video streams, medical monitoring, and financial systems. Domain experts are often interested in searching for interesting multivariate patterns from these MTS databases which can contain up to several gigabytes of data. Surprisingly, research on MTS search is very limited. Most existing work only supports queries with the same length of data, or queries on a fixed set of variables. In this paper, we propose an efficient and flexible subsequence search framework for massive MTS databases, that, for the first time, enables querying on any subset of variables with arbitrary time delays between them. We propose two provably correct algorithms to solve this problem #x2014; (1) an R*-tree Based Search (RBS) which uses Minimum Bounding Rectangles (MBR) to organize the subsequences, and (2) a List Based Search (LBS) algorithm which uses sorted lists for indexing. We demonstrate the performance of these algorithms using two large MTS databases from the aviation domain, each containing several millions of observations. Both these tests show that our algorithms have very high prune rates (>95%) thus needing actual disk access for only less than 5% of the observations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first flexible MTS search algorithm capable of subsequence search on any subset of variables. Moreover, MTS subsequence search has never been attempted on datasets of the size we have used in this paper.
Towards an Integrated Platform for Adaptive Socio-technical Systems for Smart Spaces

The widespread availability of mobile devices equipped with sensors on board is strongly pushing towards the development of smart spaces -- offices, streets, hospital, airports, homes and shops equipped with sensing systems to help people find relevant information quickly and use services comfortably, often in a collaborative way. A common aspect in these scenarios is that the technology complexity is amplified by the organisational and procedural complexity of the application domain: this is in fact typical of socio-technical systems -- kinds of systems that inherently need to be conceived, designed and developed taking into account both the technological and the human/organisational aspects from the earliest stages. In this paper, we select and discuss some challenges in the definition and development of adaptive socio-technical systems for smart spaces, the selected challenges aim at focusing in particular on (i) a socio-technical model and process, (ii) a multi-level integration framework, and (iii) methods and system analysis techniques for runtime adaptation. In fact, designing such systems requires the suitable combination of enabling technologies into an operational framework, integrating and coordinating a multiplicity of processes managed by complex organisations, each made up of independent and autonomous units.
Is maternal serum total hCG a marker of trisomy 21 in the first trimester of pregnancy?

In a study of 130 first trimester cases of trisomy 21 and 959 controls we have shown that the median MoM for alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is lower (0.82) and that for total human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is higher (1.31) than in the control group. For AFP 15.3% of cases were below the 5th centile and for total hCG 19.8% were above the 95th centile. The median shift observed for AFP and total hCG is poorer than that for pregnancy associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) or free β‐hCG and together with maternal age, AFP and total hCG could only be expected to detect 40% of cases. In combination with PAPP‐A, total hCG would identify 52% of cases, somewhat less than the 67% observed with free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A. However, we have demonstrated for total hCG a significant temporal change in median MoM with gestational age. Before 70 days the median MoM was less than 0.5, between 70 and 83 days this increased to 1.13, and between 84 and 97 days this increased to 1.52. This median shift has significant implications for interpreting previous studies and even more significant implications for detection rates. When population parameters specific to the gestational age in question are used, detection rates with total hCG and PAPP‐A increase from 47% at 70–83 days to 60% at 84–97 days. This observation explains much of the confusion around total hCG in the first trimester and shows the importance of selecting analyte pairs and population parameters appropriate to the time in gestation when screening is performed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FIRST REPORT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS CAUSED BYLeishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi IN AN URBAN AREA OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

SUMMARY American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, and transmitted by sandflies. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, almost all of the cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) are caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, while cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. The resurgence of autochthonous VL cases in Rio de Janeiro is related to the geographic expansion of the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis and its ability to adapt to urban areas. We report the first case of leishmaniasis with exclusively cutaneous manifestations caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro. An eighty-one-year-old woman presented three pleomorphic skin lesions that were not associated with systemic symptoms or visceromegalies. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis identified L. (L.) infantum chagasi, but direct smear and PCR of bone narrow were negative for Leishmania sp. (suggesting exclusively cutaneous involvement). We discuss the different dermatological presentations of viscerotropic leishmaniasis of the New and Old World, and the clinical and epidemiological importance of the case. Etiologic diagnosis of ATL based upon exclusive clinical criteria may lead to incorrect conclusions. We should be aware of the constant changes in epidemiological patterns related to leishmaniases.
Derivation and validation of an equation for adjustment of neuron-specific enolase concentrations in hemolyzed serum

Objective: To derive and validate a formula to allow for adjustment of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations based on the amount of hemolysis in the sample. To compare the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative assessment of hemolysis. Design: Derivation and validation of a formula. Subjects: Eighty-three children <11 years of age were used for the derivation. Twenty-three children <11 years without brain injury and 30 with brain injury were used for the validation. Interventions: We evaluated the amount of hemolysis quantitatively using a hemocue and qualitatively by visualization. We measured NSE concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using a subset of subjects, we used linear regression analysis to derive an equation to adjust serum NSE concentrations based on the degree of hemolysis. We prospectively validated the formula in a different group. NSE ≤11.5 ng/mL was considered normal. Results: The formula derived was as follow: Adjusted NSE = Unadjusted NSE − (1.659) (square root of the hemocue). In the validation, 96% of children without brain injury had a normal adjusted NSE; 93% of children with brain injury had an abnormal adjusted NSE. Qualitative analysis of hemolysis was inconsistent and both overassessed and under-assessed hemolysis as quantified by hemocue. Conclusions: We retrospectively derived and prospectively validated an equation for adjusting serum NSE concentrations based on the amount of hemolysis in the sample. Use of this formula will allow for accurate measurement of NSE even in hemolyzed sample and may improve its usefulness as a marker of brain injury in children. Qualitative assessment of the degree of hemolysis is not accurate and should not be used.
Bayesian Model Averaging for Generalized Linear Models with Missing Covariates

We address the problem of estimating generalized linear models (GLMs) when the outcome of interest is always observed, the values of some covariates are missing for some observations, but imputations are available to fill-in the missing values. Under certain conditions on the missing-data mechanism and the imputation model, this situation generates a trade-off between bias and precision in the estimation of the parameters of interest. The complete cases are often too few, so precision is lost, but just filling-in the missing values with the imputations may lead to bias when the imputation model is either incorrectly specified or uncongenial. Following the generalized missing-indicator approach originally proposed by Dardanoni et al. (2011) for linear regression models, we characterize this bias-precision trade- off in terms of model uncertainty regarding which covariates should be dropped from an augmented GLM for the full sample of observed and imputed data. This formulation is attractive because model uncertainty can then be handled very naturally through Bayesian model averaging (BMA). In addition to applying the generalized missing-indicator method to the wider class of GLMs, we make two extensions. First, we propose a block-BMA strategy that incorporates information on the available missing-data patterns and has the advantage of being computationally simple. Second, we allow the observed outcome to be multivariate, thus covering the case of seemingly unrelated regression equations models, and ordered, multinomial or conditional logit and probit models. Our approach is illustrated through an empirical application using the first wave of the Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).
Epithelial—mesenchymal and mesenchymal—epithelial transitions in carcinoma progression

Like a set of bookends, cellular, molecular, and genetic changes of the beginnings of life mirror those of one of the most common cause of death—metastatic cancer. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important change in cell phenotype which allows the escape of epithelial cells from the structural constraints imposed by tissue architecture, and was first recognized by Elizabeth Hay in the early to mid 1980's to be a central process in early embryonic morphogenesis. Reversals of these changes, termed mesenchymal to epithelial transitions (METs), also occur and are important in tissue construction in normal development. Over the last decade, evidence has mounted for EMT as the means through which solid tissue epithelial cancers invade and metastasize. However, demonstrating this potentially rapid and transient process in vivo has proven difficult and data connecting the relevance of this process to tumor progression is still somewhat limited and controversial. Evidence for an important role of MET in the development of clinically overt metastases is starting to accumulate, and model systems have been developed. This review details recent advances in the knowledge of EMT as it occurs in breast development and carcinoma and prostate cancer progression, and highlights the role that MET plays in cancer metastasis. Finally, perspectives from a clinical and translational viewpoint are discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 374–383, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance analysis of derivative-free filters

Nonlinear state estimation by the derivative-free Sigma Point Kalman Filters is treated. Particularly, impact of the derivative-free Kalman filters on estimation quality of the Sigma Point Gaussian Sum Filters is discussed. New relations between the Unscented Kalman Filter and the Divided Difference Filters are derived. The main stress is laid on the covariance matrixes which have crucial role for the behaviour explanation of the Sigma Point Gaussian Sum Filters. The theoretical results are illustrated in some numerical examples.
Exploring Terms and Taxonomies Relating to the Cyber International Relations Research Field: or are "Cyberspace" and "Cyber Space" the same?

This project has at least two facets to it: (1) advancing the algorithms in the sub-field of bibliometrics often referred to as "text mining" whereby hundreds of thousands of documents (such as journal articles) are scanned and relationships amongst words and phrases are established and (2) applying these tools in support of the Explorations in Cyber International Relations (ECIR) research effort. In international relations, it is important that all the parties understand each other. Although dictionaries, glossaries, and other sources tell you what words/phrases are supposed to mean (somewhat complicated by the fact that they often contradict each other), they do not tell you how people are actually
mGen - An Open Source Framework for Generating Clinical Documents

As formalised electronic storage of medical data becomes more and more wide spread the possibility and need for creating human readable presentations for various purposes increases. This paper presents the mGen framework - a general framework for text generation, written in Java and in the process of being open-sourced, that has been developed within the MedView projectThe work presented in this paper was supported by the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA). The framework has been used for several years to generate literally thousands of clinical documents at an oral medicine clinic in Sweden.
Is there an association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of abnormal bleeding? Results from a cohort study based on prescription event monitoring in England.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether an association between the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants and abnormal bleeding is demonstrated in a large population study. METHODS An observational cohort study using cohorts from the Drug Safety Research Unit's prescription event monitoring database was performed. RESULTS Analysis of combined haemorrhagic event rates calculated for the first 6 months of treatment for four SSRIs showed no significant difference between the rate for abnormal bleeding in the first month after starting treatment compared with months 2-6 [difference in rates 0.63 per 1000 patient months of treatment, 99% confidence interval (CI) -0.4, 1.67]. Comparison of the rates for the exposed combined SSRI cohort with the unexposed non-psychiatric drug cohort for the first month [relative risk (RR) 1.38, 95% CI 0.82, 2.34] and months 2-6 (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.81, 1.68) showed no significant differences after adjustment for age and gender. However, there was a tendency towards highest risk with the combined SSRI cohort and lowest with the baseline cohort. CONCLUSION This study provides weak evidence to support the hypothesis of a link between SSRIs and precipitation of bleeding events at a population level. The 95% CI is consistent with a possible risk of bleeding associated with SSRI users versus non-psychiatric drug users in the first month. Fuller consideration of confounding would be possible using follow-up of identified cases in a nested case-control study.
Activation of the human brain by monetary reward

WITH the purpose of studying neural activation associated with reward processing in humans, we measured regional cerebral blood flow in 10 right-handed healthy subjects performing a delayed go–no go task in two different reinforcement conditions. Correct responses were either rewarded by money or a simple ‘ok’ reinforcer. Behaviour rewarded by money, as compared with the ‘ok’ reinforcement, was most significantly associated with activation of dorsolateral and orbital frontal cortex and also involved the midbrain and thalamus. These results may reflect the processing of reward information, although arousal effects cannot be completely excluded. It is suggested that the observed foci are implicated in the assessment of consequences in goal-directed behaviour which agrees with research in non-human primates.
On a Hierarchical Indexing Fuzzy Content-Based Image Retrieval Approach

In this paper a two-layer content-based image retrieval model will be described. The model has a prefilter indexing function, based on a possible class hierarchy of the images to be stored. Based on this hierarchical indexing some typified queries can be introduced. The δ distance function, used in the queries can be defined by a fuzzy algorithm based on the cut operation and the fuzzy logical connectives. This aprroach is called cut-and-or-not.
COOPERATIVE STUDY OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS AND SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE Report on a Randomized Treatment Study: III. Intracranial Surgery

A group of 274 patients with a single intracranial aneurysm was randomly allocated to intracranial surgery. Forty patients had no surgical procedure. Only six had a vertebral-basilar aneurysm. The remaining 228 patients had an aneurysm on the anterior portion of the circle of Willis. Mortality during the six and one-half-year interval was 36.8%. When the operation was performed within 14 days following the last bleed, mortality was 44.5%; for those operated upon after the 14-day interval mortality was 23.2%. Postoperative complications occurred in 47.8%.
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases – Localization, Function and Regulation in the Testis

© 2012 Kotula-Balak et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases – Localization, Function and Regulation in the Testis
A possibilistic programming approach for capacitated lot-sizing problem in mixed assembly shops

This paper develops a fuzzy multi-objective linear programme (FMOLP) model for solving the bi-objective capacitated lot-sizing problem (CLSP). The proposed model attempts to simultaneously minimise total cost consist of total production variation cost, inventory cost, backlog cost and total setup cost while maximising the resource utilisation. According to the structure of the mixed assembly shops, a multi-product model with multi-item that should be produced during multi-level has been designed. Based on the vagueness and imprecision of the real case, the production, holding and backorder costs and demand of the products were considered as fuzzy number that have their membership function during planning horizon in each period. An interactive fuzzy solution method is developed by combining a number of efficient solution algorithms from the recent literature in order to solve the proposed possibilistic model. In order to demonstrate the significance and applicability of the proposed model as well as the usefulness of the proposed solution approach, numerical experiments are conducted and the results are provided.
Are insect pollinators more generalist than insect herbivores?

Recent community-level studies have acknowledged that generalist species are more widespread than previously thought and highlighted their preponderant impact on community functioning and evolution. It is suggested that the type of interaction, trophic versus mutualistic, should affect species generalization level; however, no direct comparison has been made yet. Here, we performed such a comparison using 44 plant–insect networks describing either pollination or herbivory communities. Our analysis shows that the type of interaction does indeed have an impact on various aspects of species generalism, from the distribution of generalism in the community to the phylogenetic diversity of the plants with which a given insect species interacts. However, the amplitude of the observed differences depends on the aspect of species generalism studied. While the non-quantitative and quantitative measures of generalism suggest that pollinators interact with more plant species and more evenly than herbivores, phylogenetic measures clearly show that herbivores interact with plant species far more closely related to each other than pollinators. This comparative approach offers a promising perspective to better understand the functioning and evolution of multispecies assemblages by pointing out some fundamental singularities of communities depending on the type of interaction considered.
Granular Computing: basic issues and possible solutions

Granular computing (GrC) may be regarded as a label of theories, methodologies, techniques, and tools that make use of granules, i.e., groups, classes, or clusters of a universe, in the process of problem solving. The main objective of this paper is to discuss basic issues of GrC, with emphasis on the construction of granules and computation with granules. After a brief review of existing studies, a set-theoretic model of GrC is proposed based on the notion of power algebras.
Hairpin RNAs and Retrotransposon LTRs Effect RNAi and Chromatin-Based Gene Silencing

The expression of short hairpin RNAs in several organisms silences gene expression by targeted mRNA degradation. This RNA interference (RNAi) pathway can also affect the genome, as DNA methylation arises at loci homologous to the target RNA in plants. We demonstrate in fission yeast that expression of a synthetic hairpin RNA is sufficient to silence the homologous locus in trans and causes the assembly of a patch of silent Swi6 chromatin with cohesin. This requires components of the RNAi machinery and Clr4 histone methyltransferase for small interfering RNA generation. A similar process represses several meiotic genes through nearby retrotransposon long terminal repeats (LTRs). These analyses directly implicate interspersed LTRs in regulating gene expression during cellular differentiation.