Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Talking and Listening: Dialogue and the Grammar-Pragmatics Interface

Ever since the the early 1980’s, it has been a corner-stone of work in natural-language semantics and pragmatics that any model of interpretation of natural-language has to reflect the way in which understanding of words systematically depends on aspects of the context in which they are produced. Throughout this period, however, syntacticians, semanticists and pragmatists alike have sought to retain a clear competence-performance distinction in which a grammar formalism is seen as a pairing of wellformed strings of the language with interpretation to be defined in some sense independent of considerations of use; and pragmatic theories and performance theories of parsing or production have had to be presumed to take some core formalism as the point of departure for their own explanations of aspects of language use. Even those individuals who have played a central role in promoting the importance of articulating concepts of underspecification in understanding the relation between natural language expressions and their interpretation in context have in general remained committed to the view that the grammar formalism articulates some pairing of syntactic structure for a sentential string and some representation of content for that string, in some sense sui generis. Amongst these are relevance theorists, and they have consistently advocated that the grammar articulates a pairing of sentences with logical forms as output, these being incomplete representations
Cadre d'évaluation de systèmes de recherche d'information géographique Apport de la combinaison des dimensions spatiale, temporelle et thématique

Common search engines process users' queries, i.e., information needs, by extracting terms from documents. Such approaches are limited regarding particular contexts, such as specialized collections (e.g., cultural heritage collections) or specific retrieval criteria (e.g., multidimensional criteria). In this paper, we consider Geographic Information Retrieval Systems (GIRS) exploiting the spatial, temporal, and topical dimensions. Our contribution is twofold as we propose a GIRS evaluation framework for testing the following assumption: combining spatial and temporal dimensions along with the topical dimension improves GIRS effectiveness.
Both Pbx1 and E2A-Pbx1 bind the DNA motif ATCAATCAA cooperatively with the products of multiple murine Hox genes, some of which are themselves oncogenes

E2A-PBX1 is the oncogene produced at the t(1;19) chromosomal breakpoint of pediatric pre-B-cell leukemia. Expression of E2A-Pbx1 induces fibroblast transformation and myeloid and T-cell leukemia in mice and arrests differentiation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent myeloblasts in cultured marrow. Recently, the Drosophila melanogaster protein Exd, which is highly related to Pbx1, was shown to bind DNA cooperatively with the Drosophila homeodomain proteins Ubx and Abd-A. Here, we demonstrate that the normal Pbx1 homeodomain protein, as well as its oncogenic derivative, E2A-Pbx1, binds the DNA sequence ATCAATCAA cooperatively with the murine Hox-A5, Hox-B7, Hox-B8, and Hox-C8 homeodomain proteins, which are themselves known oncoproteins, as well as with the Hox-D4 homeodomain protein. Cooperative binding to ATCAATCAA required the homeodomain-dependent DNA-binding activities of both Pbx1 and the Hox partner. In cotransfection assays, Hox-B8 suppressed transactivation by E2A-Pbx1. These results suggest that (i) Pbx1 may participate in the normal regulation of Hox target gene transcription in vivo and therein contribute to aspects of anterior-posterior patterning and structural development in vertebrates, (ii) that E2A-Pbx1 could abrogate normal differentiation by altering the transcriptional regulation of Hox target genes in conjunction with Hox proteins, and (iii) that the oncogenic mechanism of certain Hox proteins may require their physical interaction with Pbx1 as a cooperating, DNA-binding partner.
Increasing levels of interleukin (IL)-1Ra and IL-6 during the first 2 days of hospitalization in unstable angina are associated with increased risk of in-hospital coronary events.

BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests a role for inflammation in acute coronary syndromes. The aim of this study was to assess the role of proinflammatory cytokines, their time course, and their association with prognosis in unstable angina. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 43 patients aged 62+/-8 years admitted to our coronary care unit for Braunwald class IIIB unstable angina. In each patient, serum levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (which represent sensitive markers of biologically active IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, respectively), and troponin T were measured at entry and 48 hours after admission. Troponin T-positive patients were excluded. Patients were divided a posteriori into 2 groups according to their in-hospital outcome: group 1 comprised 17 patients with an uneventful course, and group 2 comprised 26 patients with a complicated in-hospital course. In group 1, mean IL-1Ra decreased at 48 hours by 12%, and IL-6 diminished at 48 hours by 13%. In group 2, IL-1Ra and IL-6 entry levels were higher than in group 1 and increased respectively by 37% and 57% at 48 hours (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that although they receive the same medical therapy as patients who do not experience an in-hospital event, patients with unstable angina and with complicated in-hospital courses have higher cytokine levels on admission. A fall in IL-1Ra and IL-6 48 hours after admission was associated with an uneventful course and their increase with a complicated hospital course. These findings may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to patients with unstable angina.
The effects of rain fade on millimetre wave channel in tropical climate

The main objective of this paper to determine multipath and time-varying channel behaviour of short-terrestrial millimetre-wave point-to-point radio links. In an attempt to invigorate the impact of rain attenuation on mm-wave channel parameters such as the RMS delay spread, path loss received power strength and Rician distribution with a K factor. A brief analysis of rain fading was presented based on the simultaneous measurement of one-minute rain rate and its effects on a short experimental link of 38 GHz. Rain fade average is observed as high as 16 dB for 300 m path at about 125 mm/hr rain intensity. The statistical spatial channel mode (SSCM) simulation software was utilized for an operating frequency of 38 GHz. To generate of power delay profile (PDP). For both omnidirectional and directional antenna. The RMS delay spread and path loss has been estimated using the environmental parameters of Kuala Lumpur city which illustrates the theoretical performances of 5G in Malaysia. It is observed that RMS delay spread, path loss received power strength and K factor effected dramatically by rain fade. (SSCM) simulation software has to be modified to consider rain fade dynamic characteristics to achieve ultra-reliability requirements of outdoor applications in the tropical regions. This study is important for understanding signal propagation phenomena in short distance and enabling the utilization of the millimetre wave band for an urban micro-cellular environment for 5G communication system.
XML Tree Structure Compression

In an XML document a considerable fraction consists of markup, that is, begin and end-element tags describing the document's tree structure. XML compression tools such as XMill separate the tree structure from the data content and compress each separately. The main focus in these compression tools is how to group similar data content together prior to performing standard data compression such as gzip, bzip2, or ppm. In contrast, the focus of this paper is on compressing the tree structure part of an XML document. We use a known algorithm to derive a grammar representation of the tree structure which factors out the repetition of tree patterns. We then investigate several succinct binary encodings of these grammars. Our experiments show that we can be consistently smaller than the tree structure compression carried out by XMill, using the same backend compressors as XMill on our encodings. However, the most surprising result is that our own Huffman-like encoding of the grammars (without any backend compressor whatsoever) consistently outperforms XMill with gzip backend. This is of particular interest because our Huffman-like encoding can be queried without prior decompression. To the best of our knowledge this offers the smallest queriable XML tree structure representation currently available.
Analyzing lock contention in multithreaded applications

Many programs exploit shared-memory parallelism using multithreading. Threaded codes typically use locks to coordinate access to shared data. In many cases, contention for locks reduces parallel efficiency and hurts scalability. Being able to quantify and attribute lock contention is important for understanding where a multithreaded program needs improvement. This paper proposes and evaluates three strategies for gaining insight into performance losses due to lock contention. First, we consider using a straightforward strategy based on call stack profiling to attribute idle time and show that it fails to yield insight into lock contention. Second, we consider an approach that builds on a strategy previously used for analyzing idleness in work-stealing computations; we show that this strategy does not yield insight into lock contention. Finally, we propose a new technique for measurement and analysis of lock contention that uses data associated with locks to blame lock holders for the idleness of spinning threads. Our approach incurs ≤ 5% overhead on a quantum chemistry application that makes extensive use of locking (65M distinct locks, a maximum of 340K live locks, and an average of 30K lock acquisitions per second per thread) and attributes lock contention to its full static and dynamic calling contexts. Our strategy, implemented in HPCToolkit, is fully distributed and should scale well to systems with large core counts.
Low-complexity iris recognition method using 2D Gauss-Hermite moments

The authenticity and reliability of iris recognition-based biometric identification system is well-proven. Traditional iris recognition methods use expensive feature extraction algorithms and complex-valued IrisCodes that may hinder the development of a fast identification technique for multimodal biometric system. In this paper, a new set of computationally efficient real-valued features is proposed for recognition of iris patterns using the two dimensional higher-order Gauss-Hermite moments. The IrisCodes generated from the zero-crossings of these moment-based features are capable of capturing hidden nonlinear structures and are potentially invariant to distortions of iris patterns. Experimental results conducted on a generic data set consisting of iris images obtained from two well-known databases show that the proposed method provides encouraging performance. In particular, an acceptable recognition performance in terms of probability of detection for a given false alarm rate may be achieved by the proposed method with a significantly low-level of computational complexity.
Relation between heart rate variability and training load in middle-distance runners.

PURPOSE Monitoring physical performance is of major importance in competitive sports. Indices commonly used, like resting heart rate, VO2max, and hormones, cannot be easily used because of difficulties in routine use, of variations too small to be reliable, or of technical challenges in acquiring the data. METHODS We chose to assess autonomic nervous system activity using heart rate variability in seven middle-distance runners, aged 24.6 +/- 4.8 yr, during their usual training cycle composed of 3 wk of heavy training periods, followed by a relative resting week. The electrocardiogram was recorded overnight twice a week and temporal and frequency indices of heart rate variability, using Fourier and Wavelet transforms, were calculated. Daily training loads and fatigue sensations were estimated with a questionnaire. Similar recordings were performed in a sedentary control group. RESULTS The results demonstrated a significant and progressive decrease in parasympathetic indices of up to -41% (P < 0.05) during the 3 wk of heavy training, followed by a significant increase during the relative resting week of up to +46% (P < 0.05). The indices of sympathetic activity followed the opposite trend, first up to +31% and then -24% (P < 0.05), respectively. The percentage increasing mean nocturnal heart rate variation remained below 12% (P < 0.05). There was no significant variation in the control group. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that heavy training shifted the cardiac autonomic balance toward a predominance of the sympathetic over the parasympathetic drive. When recorded during the night, heart rate variability appeared to be a better tool than resting heart rate to evaluate cumulated physical fatigue, as it magnified the induced changes in autonomic nervous system activity. These results could be of interest for optimizing individual training profiles.
mtDNA diversity in human populations highlights the merit of haplotype matching in gene therapies

Modern gene therapies aim to prevent the inheritance of mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mother to offspring by using a third-party mtDNA background. Technological limitations mean that these therapies may result in a small amount of maternal mtDNA admixed with a majority of third-party mtDNA. This situation is unstable if the mother’s mtDNA experiences a proliferative advantage over the third-party mtDNA, in which case the efficacy of the therapy may be undermined. Animal models suggest that the likelihood of such a proliferative advantage increases with increasing genetic distance between mother and third-party mtDNA, but in real therapeutic contexts the genetic distance, and so the importance of this effect, remains unclear. Here we harness a large volume of available human mtDNA data to model random sampling of mother and third-party mtDNAs from real human populations. We show that even within the same haplogroup, genetic differences around 20-80 SNPs are common between mtDNAs. These values are sufficient to lead to substantial segregation in murine models, over an organismal lifetime, even given low starting heteroplasmy, inducing increases from 5% to 35% over one year. Randomly pairing mothers and third-party women in clinical contexts thus runs the risk that substantial mtDNA segregation will compromise the beneficial effects of the therapy. We suggest that choices of ‘mtDNA donors’ be based on recent shared maternal ancestry, or, preferentially, explicit haplotype matching, in order to reduce the potential for problems in the implementation of these therapies.
Visualizing the structure of field testing problems

Field testing of a software application prior to general release is an important and essential quality assurance step. Field testing helps identify unforeseen problems. Extensive field testing leads to the reporting of a large number of problems which often overwhelm the allocated resources. Prior efforts focus primarily on studying the reported problems in isolation. We believe that a global view of the interdependencies between these problems will help in rapid understanding and resolution of reported problems. We present a visualization that highlights the commonalities between reported problems. The visualization helps developers identify two patterns that they can use to prioritize and focus their efforts. We demonstrate the applicability of our visualization through a case study on problems reported during field testing efforts for two releases of a large scale enterprise application.
Assessment of Changes in the Land Use and Land Cover Pattern using Matrix Union Method: A Case Study of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India

The surface of the earth is experiencing rapid land-use/land-cover changes due to various socioeconomic activities and natural phenomena. The main aim of this study was to gain a quantitative understanding of land use and land cover changes in Cuddalore District over the period 20052015. Supervised classification-maximum likelihood methos in ERDAS imagine was used for assigning each pixel to detect LULC which were observed in Cuddalore District using multispectral satellite data derived from Landsat for the years 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2015 respectively. The District was classified into six major LU/LC classes viz. Built up areas, Agricultural land, water bodies, forests, fallow land and waste-land. Change detection analysis was performed using matrix union method to compare the quantities of land cover class conversions between time intervals. There were both increase and decrease of the different LULC classes from 2005 to 2015, due to urbanization and various climatic factors. There were substantial shifts from some classes to others. The observed changes ranged from Climatic factors such as rainfall and drought to socio-economic factors. LULC mapping should be carried out consistently, in order to quantify and characterize LULC changes. This will be useful in establishing trends and enabling resource managers for the projection of realistic change scenarios for natural resource management.
Development and Evaluation of Functional Biscuits from Under utilised Crops of Ladakh

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), a highly nutritious pseudo-cereal known as a source of dietary fiber and starch (Skrabanja et al., 2004), protein with favourable amino acids and vitamins (Bonafaccia et al., 2003a), essential minerals (Steadman et al., 2001) and trace elements (Bonafaccia et al., 2003b). Phenolic compounds such as rutin, quercetin, orientin, vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, catechins and kaempferol-3-rutinoside (Dietrych-Szostak and Oleszek, 1999) are also found in buckwheat. Compared to frequently used cereals, buckwheat has been reported to have higher antioxidant activity, mainly due to high rutin, catechins and other polyphenols. These components of buckwheat possess health benefits like reduction of high blood pressure, blood sugar control, lower blood cholesterol, prevention of fat accumulation, constipation (Kayashita et al., 1996), colon carcinogenesis and mammary carcinogenesis (Liu et al., 2001), strengthen capillary blood vessels and suppresses plasma cholesterol and gallstone formation (Tomotake et al., 2000). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Source processes of the 1978 and 2005 Miyagi-oki, Japan, earthquakes: Repeated rupture of asperities over successive large earthquakes: SOURCE PROCESSES OF THE MIYAGI-OKI EARTHQUAKES

[1] Highly similar seismograms commonly observed along transform or convergent plate boundaries indicate that repeated small to moderate earthquakes occur within a single area. The results of source-process inversions for seismic events within the northeastern Japan subduction zone suggest that large earthquakes and their component asperities also exhibit this repeating nature under certain conditions. However, sets of similar seismograms that might provide direct evidence of the repeated rupture of large-earthquake asperities have not been observed. This paper analyzes two offshore earthquakes near Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, the most recent occurring in 2005 with a JMA magnitude (M) of 7.2 in the source region of the 1978 earthquake (M7.4). We demonstrate the similarity in waveforms from the seismograms recorded during the 1978 and 2005 earthquakes. The early portions of the 2005 seismograms resemble the 1978 seismograms, suggesting that the asperities located close to the 1978 hypocenter ruptured again during the 2005 event. The seismogram similarities provide the first direct evidence for the repeated rupture of asperities during successive large earthquakes. The results of our waveform inversions further indicate that the two asperities of the 2005 event largely coincide with the southern two asperities of the 1978 event. These repeating asperities are recorded in the early portions of the 2005 seismograms with 60% of the amplitude recorded in the 1978 seismograms. The characteristic behavior of the asperities supports the slip-predictable recurrence model of earthquake rupture rather than the time-predictable recurrence model.
10 best resources on ... pay for performance in low- and middle-income countries.

Pay for performance (P4P) is defined as the transfer of money or material goods conditional on taking a measurable action or achieving a predetermined performance target (Eichler 2006). In recent years, P4P has received considerable attention as an innovative health system model to increase the use, quality and efficiency of health care services in lowand middle-income countries (LMIC). In addition, P4P is considered as a means to progress towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (Montagu and Yamey 2011). The term P4P is used interchangeably with other terms such as performance incentives, results-based financing (RBF) and performance-based financing (PBF) (Eichler 2006; Oxman and Fretheim 2008; Witter et al. 2012). P4P schemes can operate on either the supply or demand sides of health service provision (Eichler 2006; Oxman and Fretheim 2008). Incentives can be targeted at: (i) health care recipients, (ii) individual health care providers, (iii) health care facilities, (iv) private sector organizations, and (v) governments or public sector organizations (Oxman and Fretheim 2008). This paper aims to share some of the current resources on the application of P4P in LMIC, highlighting concept papers, systematic reviews, recent empirical studies and debate that are considered to provide a holistic view of P4P schemes. As some of the broadly defined P4P concepts do not consider demand-side P4P (Lagarde et al. 2010), the selection of resources in this article focuses largely on supply-side P4P schemes.
Croatian survey on critical results reporting

Introduction Poor harmonization of critical results management is present in various laboratories and countries, including Croatia. We aimed to investigate procedures used in critical results reporting in Croatian medical biochemistry laboratories (MBLs). Materials and methods An anonymous questionnaire, consisting of 24 questions/statements, related to critical results reporting procedures, was send to managers of MBLs in Croatia. Participants were asked to declare the frequency of performing procedures and degree of agreement with statements about critical values reporting using a Likert scale. Total score and mean scores for corresponding separate statements divided according to health care setting were calculated and compared. Results Responses from 111 Croatian laboratories (48%) were analyzed. General practice laboratories (GPLs) more often re-analyzed the sample before reporting the critical result in comparison with the hospital laboratories (HLs) (score: 4.86 (4.75-4.96) vs. 4.49 (4.25-4.72); P = 0.001) and more often reported the critical value exclusively to the responsible physician compared to HLs (4.46 (4.29-4.64) vs. 3.76 (3.48-4.03), P < 0.001). High total score (4.69 (4.56-4.82)) was observed for selection of the critical results list issued by the Croatian Chamber of Medical Biochemistry (CCMB) indicating a high harmonization level for this aspect of critical result management. Low total scores were observed for the statements regarding data recording and documentation of critical result notification. Conclusions Differences in practices about critical results reporting between HLs and GPLs were found. The homogeneity of least favorable responses detected for data recording and documentation of critical results notification reflects the lack of specific national recommendations.