Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investment pattern of government employees in Madurai city

All the citizens are engaged in various activities depending on the knowledge availability of funds and feasibility of return from the activities to generate income for meeting the basic requirements of the human being. After meeting the basic requirements if there is any balance, it is kept as the saving which can be utilized for the future requirement. If the saving of the individual is kept in the home or locker, there will not be any return from the saving. Instead of keeping the savings idle without any income. If is invested in the outside, adequate income may be generated from the savings. Hence all the people try to invest the amount saved in various nature of investment to get maximum return. The investors based on their choice select different area for investment share market is considered one of the best are of investment. Normally in all business goods and services are bought and sold. While in the share market shares, debentures and bonds issued by the Government and Public limited companies are bought and sold. In olden days due to lake of adequate literacy the awareness about the share market was very poor. After some time some of the people entered in share market business directly. Some of item involved in share business with the help of agents and brokers. All most all business there is a possibility for getting profit or loss in the business. But in most of the business if it is managed properly with planned mechanism, surely we can expect considerable return from the business based on the volume of capital invested in it. We have developed well in all business when compared with the status of business development at the time of independence. Government employees in Madurai have considerable savings as the cost of living of the City is comparatively less than other cities in Tamil Nadu and also in India. Further nowadays the government offers better salary to the government employees due to the policy of pay commission of the government of India. After meeting the family requirement every month considerable amount is kept for savings they prefer to utilize their savings in investment where they can get more rate of return for their investment. Most of the government employees are well educated and have more experience in various fields. But they do not have thorough knowledge in the investment area to get return for their investment. They must be given awareness about the area of investment and rate of return from various nature of investment. Hence a study was undertaken by the researchers in the above topic “INVESTMENT PATTERN OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN MADURAI CITY”.
Vascularized bone flaps versus nonvascularized bone grafts for mandibular reconstruction: An outcome analysis of primary bony union and endosseous implant success

Functional restoration following resection or traumatic injury to the mandible depends on the reliability of the bony reconstruction to heal primarily and support endosseous implants. Although vascularized bone flaps (VBF) and nonvascularized bone grafts (NVBG) are both widely used to reconstruct the mandible, indications for each remain ill‐defined. The purpose of this study was to compare bone graft/flap healing and success of implant placement in patients reconstructed with VBF versus NVBG.
Low-frequency noise in nonlinear systems

This paper reviews some recent achievements regarding behavior and modeling of low-frequency noise sources that have the potential to improve phase noise simulations significantly. This paper discusses a heuristic interpretation of how time-varying currents affect low-frequency noise sources, review physics-based device simulations, and then present how the sources can be implemented in commercial circuit simulators. Finally, simulations and measurements of GaAs-based heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are presented.
Biopsy sampling requirements for the estimation of muscle capillarization

The aim of this study was to determine the number of tibialis anterior biopsy samples and muscle fibers required to estimate the capillary supply of individual muscle fibers (C:Fi). C:Fi was calculated for 25 type 1 fibers in each of 8 images from 3 biopsies of 5 young healthy individuals. Sequential estimation analysis indicated that 50 fibers from one biopsy are sufficient to characterize the C:Fi of the tibialis anterior for a group of subjects. Thus, when analyzing the capillarization of the tibialis anterior, the requirements of only one biopsy sample and 50 fibers means a great reduction in time for analysis and in the invasiveness of the procedure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 546–548, 2002
Astrocytes enhance long‐term survival of cholinergic neurons differentiated from human fetal neural stem cells

Establishment of an in vitro model of human cholinergic neurons would be highly desirable for understanding and developing treatment for Alzheimer's and motoneuron diseases. Previously we reported that the combination of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), heparin, and laminin directs human fetal neural stem cells to form cholinergic neurons. One problem, however, is that long‐term in vitro survival of these cells is low. Our goal for this study was to determine whether astrocytes or their secreted factors enhance differentiation and survival of cholinergic neurons under long‐term differentiation conditions. We demonstrate here that astrocytes or astrocyte conditioned media did not enhance cholinergic differentiation but did increase the long‐term survival of differentiated human neural stem cells, particularly cholinergic neurons. We further show that astrocytes protected long‐term‐differentiated cells from apoptotic cell death, which is at least partially mediated by astrocyte‐secreted bFGF. Our findings indicate that long‐term survival of human stem cell‐derived cholinergic neurons requires trophic factors from nonneuronal cells. This data may provide insights into the development of an in vitro model of long‐term cultured human cholinergic neurons useful for understanding of the mechanisms of cholinergic differentiation and developing treatments for neurological diseases. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DSM‐III‐R self‐defeating personality disorder criteria evaluated by patients' self‐report questionnaire: relationships with other personality disorders and positive predictive powers of the individual criteria

A self‐report questionnaire for DSM‐III‐R personality disorders (PDs) was completed by 64 patients in adult psychiatric practice and their informants. Various correlations and associations of the number of patients’ positive criteria (scores) for the controversial category of self‐defeating PD (SDPD) are reported. When evaluated by a patient's self‐report, the highest correlations of SDPD scores were with borderline PD in relation to individual PDs, and cluster C in relation to the 3 DSM‐III‐R PD clusters. Criteria 2 and 7 had positive predictive powers of 0.75 and 0.67 for membership of the subgroup based on scores of 5 or more positive criteria for SDPD. Positive ratings for criterion 5, involving anhedonia, were significantly associated with informants’ ratings. SDPD features appear to be present in many psychiatric patients with PD and should be evaluated in PD assessment.
Screening Drug-Induced Arrhythmia Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes and Low-Impedance Microelectrode Arrays

Background— Drug-induced arrhythmia is one of the most common causes of drug development failure and withdrawal from market. This study tested whether human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) combined with a low-impedance microelectrode array (MEA) system could improve on industry-standard preclinical cardiotoxicity screening methods, identify the effects of well-characterized drugs, and elucidate underlying risk factors for drug-induced arrhythmia. hiPSC-CMs may be advantageous over immortalized cell lines because they possess similar functional characteristics as primary human cardiomyocytes and can be generated in unlimited quantities. Methods and Results— Pharmacological responses of beating embryoid bodies exposed to a comprehensive panel of drugs at 65 to 95 days postinduction were determined. Responses of hiPSC-CMs to drugs were qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the reported drug effects in literature. Torsadogenic hERG blockers, such as sotalol and quinidine, produced statistically and physiologically significant effects, consistent with patch-clamp studies, on human embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes hESC-CMs. False-negative and false-positive hERG blockers were identified accurately. Consistent with published studies using animal models, early afterdepolarizations and ectopic beats were observed in 33% and 40% of embryoid bodies treated with sotalol and quinidine, respectively, compared with negligible early afterdepolarizations and ectopic beats in untreated controls. Conclusions— We found that drug-induced arrhythmias can be recapitulated in hiPSC-CMs and documented with low impedance MEA. Our data indicate that the MEA/hiPSC-CM assay is a sensitive, robust, and efficient platform for testing drug effectiveness and for arrhythmia screening. This system may hold great potential for reducing drug development costs and may provide significant advantages over current industry standard assays that use immortalized cell lines or animal models.
Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Intra-Amniotic Infection

The identification of risk factors for intra-amniotic infection may allow changes in obstetric management and reduce complications. In a pilot study, stepwise logistic regression identified duration of ruptured membranes and duration of interval monitoring as significant risk factors for intra-amniotic infection. Using the preliminary regression equation, we established critical durations (risk criteria) to predict a 20% or greater probability of intra-amniotic infection. Subsequently, 2908 patients were screened prospectively for risk criteria and/or the presence of intra-amniotic infection. Seven hundred five patients of the 2908 (24%) met the risk criteria, and 107 of 124 cases of intra-amniotic infection (86%) met the risk criteria. In patients meeting the risk criteria, the relative risk of intra-amniotic infection was 19.7. In addition, 81 of 705 (12%) of mothers developed endometritis. Ten neonates of mothers with criteria developed sepsis or pneumonia. A stepwise logistic regression performed on the prospectively gathered data showed that among patients meeting risk criteria, parity, duration of internal monitoring, and duration of membrane rupture were the significant risk factors for intra-amniotic infection. (Obstet Gynecol 73:571, 1989)
Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy in Israel

ISRAEL'S foreign policy since 1967 has been unsystematic, lacking a clear sense of direction and singularly reactive. The decade which followed her overwhelming military victory in the Six Day War was characterised by diplomatic deadlock and immobilism. As an actor on the international stage, Israel exhibited none of the qualities of boldness, initiative and willingness to accept risks which characterised her performance on the battlefield. On the contrary, the marginal changes in foreign policy which did take place were the consequence of painful adjustment to external pressures rather than of positive calculation and planning. This is not to say that Israel's foreign policy has been totally devoid of generous offers, imaginative plans, or major initiatives in her relations with her neighbours.1 But even if allowance is made for such initiatives, the most conspicuous element in Israel's foreign policy remains, it would appear, a tendency to react to events, and particularly to crises, by a maladroit admixture of military activism and diplomatic immobility.
Pharmacokinetics of the HIV integrase inhibitor S/GSK1349572 co-administered with acid-reducing agents and multivitamins in healthy volunteers.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of pH-altering agents on S/GSK1349572 exposure in healthy subjects. METHODS S/GSK1349572 is an unboosted, once-daily, next-generation HIV integrase inhibitor. In the first study, 16 subjects received four single-dose treatments: (i) S/GSK1349572 50 mg; (ii) S/GSK1349572 50 mg with a multivitamin (MVI; One A Day Maximum); (iii) S/GSK1349572 50 mg with a liquid antacid (Maalox Advanced Maximum Strength); and (iv) S/GSK1349572 50 mg 2 h before an antacid. In the second study, 12 subjects received a single dose of S/GSK1349572 alone and on day 5 of omeprazole. RESULTS All treatments were well tolerated. MVI co-administration modestly decreased S/GSK1349572 AUC by 33%. Concurrent antacid co-administration reduced S/GSK1349572 AUC by 74% and staggered antacid dosing significantly diminished this interaction, with a reduction in S/GSK1349572 AUC of 26%. Omeprazole did not significantly affect S/GSK1349572 exposure. CONCLUSIONS S/GSK1349572 can be taken with proton pump inhibitors and MVIs without dose adjustment but should be administered 2 h before or 6 h after antacids.
The transcription start site landscape of C. elegans

More than half of Caenorhabditis elegans pre-mRNAs lose their original 5′ ends in a process termed “trans-splicing” in which the RNA extending from the transcription start site (TSS) to the site of trans-splicing of the primary transcript, termed the “outron,” is replaced with a 22-nt spliced leader. This complicates the mapping of TSSs, leading to a lack of available TSS mapping data for these genes. We used growth at low temperature and nuclear isolation to enrich for transcripts still containing outrons, applying a modified SAGE capture procedure and high-throughput sequencing to characterize 5′ termini in this transcript population. We report from this data both a landscape of 5′-end utilization for C. elegans and a representative collection of TSSs for 7351 trans-spliced genes. TSS distributions for individual genes were often dispersed, with a greater average number of TSSs for trans-spliced genes, suggesting that trans-splicing may remove selective pressure for a single TSS. Upstream of newly defined TSSs, we observed well-known motifs (including TATAA-box and SP1) as well as novel motifs. Several of these motifs showed association with tissue-specific expression and/or conservation among six worm species. Comparing TSS features between trans-spliced and non-trans-spliced genes, we found stronger signals among outron TSSs for preferentially positioning of flanking nucleosomes and for downstream Pol II enrichment. Our data provide an enabling resource for both experimental and theoretical analysis of gene structure and function in C. elegans.
Duration of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chastre et al. compared eight and 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), finding no difference in outcome with the exception of VAP caused by non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), for which a higher recurrence rate was seen in the shorter-duration group (JAMA 2003;290:2588-2598). We recently examined our institutional experience with VAP caused by NFGNB to determine whether shorter courses of antibiotic therapy were associated with higher rates of recurrence. METHODS Data collected on all patients completing treatment for VAP in a surgical/trauma intensive care unit from December 1996 to October 2004 were analyzed retrospectively for the relations between the duration of antibiotic therapy and recurrence and in-hospital mortality rates. RESULTS Of the 452 episodes of VAP, 154 were associated with NFGNB. Twenty-seven patients were treated with 3-8 days (mean 6.4 +/- 0.3 days) of antibiotics, whereas 127 received nine or more days (mean 17.1 +/- 0.7 days) of therapy. The recurrence rate for infections treated with the shorter course was 22% vs. 34% for patients receiving nine or more days of antibiotics (p = 0.27). The mortality rates were 22% and 14%, respectively (p = 0.38). Similar trends were demonstrated for infections caused by other organisms. CONCLUSIONS We did not find a higher recurrence rate in patients with VAP caused by NFGNB who received shorter courses of antibiotic therapy. On the contrary, those patients receiving shorter courses trended toward lower rates of recurrence. Pending further prospective trials addressing the duration of antibiotic treatment for patients with VAP caused by NFGNB, shorter courses of treatment, perhaps based on improvement in clinical parameters, may be warranted.
Update meta‐analysis of the CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI and DraI polymorphisms and risk of antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity: evidence from 26 studies

Several studies have investigated the association of the CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI and/or DraI polymorphisms with susceptibility to antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH), but the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a large meta‐analysis to determine a more precise estimation of this relationship.
Left Ventricular Remodeling and Heart Failure in Diabetic Patients Treated With Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background—Diabetes mellitus has been recognized as a strong predictor of heart failure (HF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, considerable controversy exists regarding the pathogenetic mechanisms of HF after AMI in diabetic patients. We hypothesized that the increased incidence of HF in diabetic patients was associated with a greater propensity for left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Methods and Results—A series of 325 patients (42 diabetics) with AMI successfully treated with primary angioplasty underwent serial 2D echocardiography from admission to 1 and 6 months and 6-month angiography. No significant difference was found between diabetics and nondiabetics regarding baseline clinical, angiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics, as well as 6-month restenosis and reocclusion rates. At 6 months, a similar incidence of LV remodeling was observed in diabetics and nondiabetics (33% versus 25%; P=0.234), with similar patterns of changes in LV volumes and LV global and regional systolic function. At 5 years, the incidence of HF was higher in the diabetics (43% versus 20%, P=0.001). Diabetes was found to be an independent predictor of HF at 5 years (hazard ratio, 1.8; P=0.0366). However, LV remodeling was predictive of HF in the nondiabetics (P=0.023) but not in the diabetics (P=0.123). In a subgroup of patients, higher LV chamber stiffness (as assessed by echocardiography) was detected in the diabetics with HF. Conclusions—The more frequent progression to HF in the diabetics after AMI is not explained by a greater propensity for LV remodeling. Other factors, such as diastolic dysfunction, may play a role.
Drilling High Precision Holes in Ti6Al4V Using Rotary Ultrasonic Machining and Uncertainties Underlying Cutting Force, Tool Wear, and Production Inaccuracies

Ti6Al4V alloys are difficult-to-cut materials that have extensive applications in the automotive and aerospace industry. A great deal of effort has been made to develop and improve the machining operations of Ti6Al4V alloys. This paper presents an experimental study that systematically analyzes the effects of the machining conditions (ultrasonic power, feed rate, spindle speed, and tool diameter) on the performance parameters (cutting force, tool wear, overcut error, and cylindricity error), while drilling high precision holes on the workpiece made of Ti6Al4V alloys using rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM). Numerical results were obtained by conducting experiments following the design of an experiment procedure. The effects of the machining conditions on each performance parameter have been determined by constructing a set of possibility distributions (i.e., trapezoidal fuzzy numbers) from the experimental data. A possibility distribution is a probability-distribution-neural representation of uncertainty, and is effective in quantifying the uncertainty underlying physical quantities when there is a limited number of data points which is the case here. Lastly, the optimal machining conditions have been identified using these possibility distributions.
Learning with distribution of optimized features for recognizing common CT imaging signs of lung diseases

Common CT imaging signs of lung diseases (CISLs) are defined as the imaging signs that frequently appear in lung CT images from patients. CISLs play important roles in the diagnosis of lung diseases. This paper proposes a novel learning method, namely learning with distribution of optimized feature (DOF), to effectively recognize the characteristics of CISLs. We improve the classification performance by learning the optimized features under different distributions. Specifically, we adopt the minimum spanning tree algorithm to capture the relationship between features and discriminant ability of features for selecting the most important features. To overcome the problem of various distributions in one CISL, we propose a hierarchical learning method. First, we use an unsupervised learning method to cluster samples into groups based on their distribution. Second, in each group, we use a supervised learning method to train a model based on their categories of CISLs. Finally, we obtain multiple classification decisions from multiple trained models and use majority voting to achieve the final decision. The proposed approach has been implemented on a set of 511 samples captured from human lung CT images and achieves a classification accuracy of 91.96%. The proposed DOF method is effective and can provide a useful tool for computer-aided diagnosis of lung diseases on CT images.
Aluminium compounds for use in vaccines

Aluminium adjuvants are the most widely used adjuvants in both human and veterinary vaccines. These adjuvants have been used in practical vaccination for more than 60 years and are generally recognized as safe and as stimulators of Th2 immunity. The present review gives a short introduction to the pioneering research at the start of the use of aluminium compounds as adjuvants, including references on the chemistry of these compounds. Analytical methods for identifying the most commonly used aluminium compounds, such as boehmite and aluminium hydroxyphosphate, are mentioned. Emphasis is placed on the important factors for antigen adsorption and on the latest work using gene‐deficient mice in the research of the mechanism of aluminium adjuvants in terms of cytokine and T‐cell subset stimulation. Key references on the ability of aluminium adjuvants to stimulate IgE and also in vivo clearing of aluminium adjuvants are discussed. Furthermore, the review addresses the issue of local reactions in the context of injection route and local tissue disturbance. Possible new applications of aluminium adjuvants in, for example, combined aluminium‐adsorbed protein and DNA oligonucleotide vaccines as well as the possible use of aluminium adjuvants in combination with IL‐12 to stimulate Th1‐type immune responses are mentioned.