Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Drinfel’d double versus the Heisenberg double for Hom-Hopf algebras

Let (A, α) be a finite-dimensional Hom-Hopf algebra. In this paper we mainly construct the Drinfel’d double D(A) = (Aop⋈A∗,α ⊗ (α−1)∗) in the setting of Hom-Hopf algebras by two ways, one of which generalizes Majid’s bicrossproduct for Hopf algebras (see [S. Majid, Foundations of Quantum Group Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1995)]) and another one is to introduce the notion of dual pairs of Hom-Hopf algebras. Then we study the relation between the Drinfel’d double D(A) and Heisenberg double H(A) = A#A∗, generalizing the main result in [J. H. Lu, On the Drinfel’d double and the Heisenberg double of a Hopf algebra, Duke Math. J. 74 (1994) 763–776]. The examples given in the paper are especially, not obtained from the usual Hopf algebras.
Maxwell-Lorentz Dynamics of Rigid Charges

We establish global existence and uniqueness of the dynamics of classical electromagnetism with extended, rigid charges and fields which need not to be square integrable. We also consider a modified theory of electromagnetism where no self-interaction occurs. That theory and our results are crucial for approaching the as yet unsolved problem of the general existence of dynamics of Wheeler-Feynman electromagnetism, which we shall address in the follow up paper. We conclude by discussing the energy conservation without self-interaction.
On Lyapunov functions and gradient flow structures in linear consensus systems

Quadratic Lyapunov functions are prevalent in stability analysis of linear consensus systems. In this paper we show that weighted sums of convex functions of the different coordinates are Lyapunov functions for irreducible consensus systems. We introduce a particular class of additive convex Lyapunov functions that includes as particular instances the stored electric energy in RC circuits, Kullback-Leiber's information divergence between two probability measures, and Gibbs free energy in chemical reaction networks. On that basis we establish a general gradient formalism that allows to represent linear symmetric consensus dynamics as a gradient descent dynamics of any additive convex Lyapunov function, for a suitable choice of local scalar product. This result generalizes the well-known Euclidean gradient structures of consensus to general Riemannian ones. We also find natural non-linear consensus dynamics differing only from linearity by a different Riemannian structure, sharing a same Lyapunov function. We also see how information-theoretic Lyapunov functions, common in Markov chain theory, generate linear consensus through an appropriate gradient descent. From this unified perspective we hope to open avenues for the study of convergence for linear and non-linear consensus alike.
Optical spectra of ultracool dwarfs with the Southern African Large Telescope

New spectra of 81 ultracool dwarfs (spectral types M7 and later) are discussed. Spectral classifications of 49 objects are available in the literature, while 32 objects are newly classified. The known spectral types were used to test an automated classification scheme, which relies primarily on template fitting, supplemented by matching of spectral indices calibrated against the template spectra. An attempt was made to quantify the uncertainty in the spectral types, which is generally better than two subclasses. Objects for which spectral types differ by more than one subclass from the literature classifications are discussed individually. Discrepancies between automated classifications based on respectively template fitting and spectral index matching, may be useful for flagging objects with unusual spectra. Aside from the 32 first-time classifications, alternative classifications are presented for 32 previously classified dwarfs. Very large (equivalent width greater than 130 A) H$\alpha$ flares are reported for the known ultracool dwarf binary 2MASS J15200224$-$4422419; curiously, the object does not appear to have quiescent emission lines. Non-zero equivalent width measurements are listed for a further 29 objects.
Effective Rheology of Two-Phase Flow in a Capillary Fiber Bundle Model

We investigate the effective rheology of two-phase flow in a bundle of parallel capillary tubes carrying two immiscible fluids under an external pressure drop. The diameter of the tubes vary along the length which introduce capillary threshold pressures. We demonstrate through analytical calculations that a transition from a linear Darcy to a non-linear behavior occurs while decreasing the pressure drop $\Delta P$, where the total flow rate $\langle Q \rangle$ varies with $\Delta P$ with an exponent $2$ as $\langle Q \rangle\sim \Delta P^2$ for uniform threshold distribution. The exponent changes when a lower cut-off $P_m$ is introduced in the threshold distribution and in the limit where $\Delta P$ approaches $P_m$, the flow rate scales as $\langle Q \rangle \sim (|\Delta P|-P_m)^{3/2}$. While considering threshold distribution with a power $\alpha$, we find that the exponent $\gamma$ for the non-linear regime vary as $\gamma=\alpha+1$ for $P_m=0$ and $\gamma=\alpha+1/2$ for $P_m>0$. We provide numerical results in support of our analytical findings.
Quantifying the Blue Shift in the Light Absorption of Small Gold Nanoparticles

The dependence of the surface plasmons resonance (SPR) frequency on the size of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is experimentally studied. The measured data for the SPR frequency by UV-Vis spectroscopy and GNPs diameter by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are collected in the course of classical citrate GNPs synthesis. The relationship between the GNPs size and the blue shift of the light absorption is presented. They are fitted by an equation with a single free parameter, the dielectric permittivity of the surrounding media. Thus, the refractive index of the surrounding media is determined, which characterizes the GNPs surface shell.
Can cluster merger shocks reproduce the luminosity and shape distribution of radio relics

Fil: Nuza, Sebastian Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Near-Infrared Synchrotron Emission from the Compact Jet of GX 339–4

We have compiled contemporaneous broadband observations of the black hole candidate X-ray binary GX 339-4 when in the low/hard X-ray state in 1981 and 1997. The data clearly reveal the presence of two spectral components, with thermal and nonthermal spectra, overlapping in the optical-near-infrared bands. The nonthermal component lies on an extrapolation of the radio spectrum of the source, and we interpret it as optically thin synchrotron emission from the powerful, compact jet in the system. Detection of this break from self-absorbed to optically thin synchrotron emission from the jet allows us to place a firm lower limit on the ratio of jet (synchrotron) to X-ray luminosities of ≥5%. We further note that extrapolation of the optically thin synchrotron component from the near-infrared to higher frequencies coincides with the observed X-ray spectrum, supporting models in which the X-rays could originate via optically thin synchrotron emission from the jet (possibly instead of Comptonization).
On the global uniqueness for the Einstein–Maxwell-scalar field system with a cosmological constant: I. Well posedness and breakdown criterion

This paper is the first part of a trilogy dedicated to the following problem: given spherically symmetric characteristic initial data for the Einstein–Maxwell-scalar field system with a cosmological constant Λ, with the data on the outgoing initial null hypersurface given by a subextremal Reissner–Nordström black hole event horizon, study the future extendibility of the corresponding maximal globally hyperbolic development (MGHD) as a ‘suitably regular’ Lorentzian manifold. In this first part we establish well posedness of the Einstein equations for characteristic data satisfying the minimal regularity conditions leading to classical solutions. We also identify the appropriate notion of a maximal solution, from which the construction of the corresponding MGHD follows, and determine breakdown criteria. This is the unavoidable starting point of the analysis; our main results will depend on the detailed understanding of these fundamentals. In the second part of this series (Costa et al , arXiv:1406.7253) we study the stability of the radius function at the Cauchy horizon. In the third and final paper (Costa et al ,arXiv:1406.7261) we show that, depending on the decay rate of the initial data, mass inflation may or may not occur; in fact, it is even possible to have (non-isometric) extensions of the spacetime across the Cauchy horizon as classical solutions of the Einstein equations.
Tensor Numerical Methods for High-dimensional PDEs: Basic Theory and Initial Applications

We present a brief survey on the modern tensor numerical methods for multidimensional stationary and time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). The guiding principle of the tensor approach is the rank-structured separable approximation of multivariate functions and operators represented on a grid. Recently, the traditional Tucker, canonical, and matrix product states (tensor train) tensor models have been applied to the grid-based electronic structure calculations, to parametric PDEs, and to dynamical equations arising in scientific computing. The essential progress is based on the quantics tensor approximation method proved to be capable to represent (approximate) function related $d$-dimensional data arrays of size $N^d$ with log-volume complexity, $O(d \log N)$. Combined with the traditional numerical schemes, these novel tools establish a new promising approach for solving multidimensional integral and differential equations using low-parametric rank-structured tensor formats. As the main example, we describe the grid-based tensor numerical approach for solving the 3D nonlinear Hartree-Fock eigenvalue problem, that was the starting point for the developments of tensor-structured numerical methods for large-scale computations in solving real-life multidimensional problems. We also address new results on tensor approximation of the dynamical Fokker-Planck and master equations in many dimensions up to $d=20$. Numerical tests demonstrate the benefits of the rank-structured tensor approximation on the aforementioned examples of multidimensional PDEs. In particular, the use of grid-based tensor representations in the reduced basis of atomics orbitals yields an accurate solution of the Hartree-Fock equation on large $N\times N \times N$ grids with a grid size of up to $N= 10^{5}$.
Preclassical solutions of the vacuum Bianchi I loop quantum cosmology

Loop quantization of diagonalized Bianchi class A models, leads to a partial difference equation as the Hamiltonian constraint at the quantum level. A criterion for testing a viable semiclassical limit has been formulated in terms of existence of the so-called preclassical solutions. We demonstrate the existence of preclassical solutions of the quantum equation for the vacuum Bianchi I model. All these solutions avoid the classical singularity at vanishing volume.
Regulation of cGAS activity by RNA‐modulated phase separation

Cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) is a double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensor that functions in the innate immune system. Upon binding dsDNA, cGAS and dsDNA form phase‐separated condensates in which cGAS catalyzes the synthesis of 2′3′‐cyclic GMP‐AMP that subsequently triggers a STING‐dependent, type I interferon (IFN‐I) response. Here, we show that cytoplasmic RNAs regulate cGAS activity. We discover that RNAs do not activate cGAS but rather promote phase separation of cGAS in vitro. In cells, cGAS colocalizes with RNA and forms complexes with RNA. In the presence of cytoplasmic dsDNA, RNAs colocalize with phase‐separated condensates of cGAS and dsDNA. Further in vitro assays showed that RNAs promote the formation of cGAS‐containing phase separations and enhance cGAS activity when the dsDNA concentration is low. Cotransfection of RNA with a small amount of dsDNA into THP1 cells significantly enhances the production of the downstream signaling molecule interferon beta (IFNB). This enhancement can be blocked by a cGAS‐specific inhibitor. Thus, cytoplasmic RNAs could regulate cGAS activity by modulating the formation of cGAS‐containing condensates.
Assessment and Diagnostic Standards of Apraxia of Speech in Chinese-Speaking Adults and Children: A Scoping Review.

PURPOSE Apraxia of speech (AOS) and childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) are motor-based speech disorders that have been well studied in Indo-European languages. There is limited understanding of these disorders in speakers of Sino-Tibetan languages, such as Chinese. The purpose of this study is to review methods used in research studies for the assessment and diagnosis of AOS and CAS in Chinese speakers. METHOD This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Articles with a focus on AOS or CAS in Chinese speakers were systematically searched in seven English and six Chinese databases. Three reviewers performed independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment after obtaining 100% agreement on the prescreening exercise. A qualitative analysis was conducted to rate the quality of diagnoses, ranging from high (Level I) to low (Level III), with Level IV assigned to studies for which the appropriate rating was unclear due to insufficient evidence. RESULTS Twenty-eight AOS articles and five CAS articles were identified. A variety of assessment and diagnostic methods were reported. No study of Chinese speakers with AOS or CAS received a rating of Level I. The highest level achieved was Level IIIa for both AOS and CAS studies. CONCLUSIONS There is no reliable and valid test or method for the diagnosis of AOS or CAS in Chinese speakers. The current gold standard of diagnosis is based upon expert perceptual judgment. Further single-language and cross-linguistic investigations of AOS and CAS and the future development of assessment and diagnostic methods are recommended.
The relationship between glucose intolerance status and risk of hospitalization during two decades of follow-up: Tehran lipid and glucose study

Abstract Objective To assess the relationship between glucose intolerance statuses at baseline defined as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), pre-diabetes, newly diagnosed (NDM) and known diabetes mellitus (KDM) and all-cause hospitalization among Iranian men and women during 20 years of follow-up. Research design and methods This study included 8,014 individuals (3,836 men) ≥30 years from the cohort of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and (95% confidence interval (95% CI) for three groups of pre-diabetes, NDM and KDM was estimated using the Negative Binomial regression model, considering NGT group as reference group. Regression models were adjusted for age, body mass index, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results Among men, compared with NGT group, those with pre-diabetes, NDM and KDM had higher incidence rate for hospitalization, with IRRs (95% CI) of 1.08 (0.96–1.20), 1.38 (1.20–1.57) and 1.96 (1.66–2.26), respectively, after adjusting for confounders. The corresponding values were 1.07 (0.96–1.17), 1.40 (1.21–1.59) and 2.07 (1.72–2.42) for women. Men with diabetes, generally had a higher rate of hospitalization for CVD rather than their female counterparts (IRRs: 1.46; 1.17–1.74). In patients with diabetes, the most common causes of hospitalization were macrovascular complications (i.e. coronary heart disease and stroke). Moreover, among the individuals with diabetes, those with poor glycaemic control (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >10 mmol/l) had 39% higher rate of hospitalization than those with fair glycaemic control (FPG <10 mmol/l) (1.39; 1.12–1.65), adjusted for confounders. Conclusion Pre-diabetes, NDM, and KDM were associated with increased hospitalization rates during long-term follow-up. Interventions such as lifestyle modification or pharmacological therapies aiming to slow down the pre-diabetes and fair control of diabetes might potentially decrease the rate of hospitalization. Key messages NDM and KDM status both increased rate of all-cause hospitalization. CVD and T2DM complication were the most common cause of hospitalization among patients with diabetes. Hospitalization due to recurrent CHD was significantly higher in men with diabetes than their female counterparts.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to brucellosis among cattle farmers, meat handlers and medical professionals in Namibia

Abstract Background Brucellosis is a re‐emerging zoonosis of significant socio‐economic, animal and public health importance. It is principally a foodborne or occupation‐associated infection of humans, whose effective control depends on maximum cooperation of high‐risk populations. Objectives The study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to brucellosis among cattle farmers (communal and commercial), meat handlers (abattoir and butchery workers) and medical professionals (nurses and doctors) in Namibia. Methods Between June 2019 and September 2020, self‐administered questionnaires and questionnaire interviews were carried out in cattle farmers (n = 264), meat handlers (n = 143) and medical professionals (n = 124) in Namibia. Results Overall, 43.50% (231/531) of respondents were aware of brucellosis, with the highest awareness among medical professionals (73.39%, 91/124) and the least in meat handlers (13.99%, 20/143). Awareness of brucellosis was associated with tertiary education (p < 0.001) and the medical profession (p < 0.001). However, most medical professionals (98.39%, 122/124) did not consider brucellosis as a differential diagnosis in cases of persistent febrile illness. A proportion of communal (85.60%) and commercial (71.00%) farmers; abattoir workers (44.40%); butchers (53.50%); nurses (55.60%); and medical doctors (28.00%) consumed raw milk. Conclusions The study identified the purchase of animals of unknown health status; assisting cow delivery; handling of aborted fetuses with no protective wear; consumption of raw milk, homemade cheese, cattle testes and undercooked livers, as risk factors for Brucella infection in cattle and humans. Thus, intensified risk communication, including public health education, is recommended, in particular, among meat handlers and communal farmers, to promote awareness and discourage risky practices.
Optimal Renormalization Group Transformation from Information Theory

The connections between information theory, statistical physics and quantum field theory have been the focus of renewed attention. In particular, the renormalization group (RG) has been explored from this perspective. Recently, a variational algorithm employing machine learning tools to identify the relevant degrees of freedom of a statistical system by maximizing an information-theoretic quantity, the real-space mutual information (RSMI), was proposed for real-space RG. Here we investigate analytically the RG coarse-graining procedure and the renormalized Hamiltonian, which the RSMI algorithm defines. By a combination of general arguments, exact calculations and toy models we show that the RSMI coarse-graining is optimal in a sense we define. In particular, a perfect RSMI coarse-graining generically does not increase the range of a short-ranged Hamiltonian, in any dimension. For the case of the 1D Ising model we perturbatively derive the dependence of the coefficients of the renormalized Hamiltonian on the real-space mutual information retained by a generic coarse-graining procedure. We also study the dependence of the optimal coarse-graining on the prior constraints on the number and type of coarse-grained variables. We construct toy models illustrating our findings.
A ubiquitous endocrine disruptor tributyltin induces muscle wasting and retards muscle regeneration

Organotin pollutant tributyltin (TBT) is an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical and is a known obesogen and diabetogen. TBT can be detected in human following consumption of contaminated seafood or water. The decrease in muscle strength and quality has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes in older adults. However, the adverse effects of TBT on the muscle mass and function still remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects and molecule mechanisms of low‐dose TBT on skeletal muscle regeneration and atrophy/wasting using the cultured skeletal muscle cell and adult mouse models.
COHOMOLOGY OF ALGEBRAIC GROUPS, FINITE GROUPS, AND LIE ALGEBRAS: INTERACTIONS AND CONNECTIONS

res resFigure 1.For over 40 years, representation theorists have attempted to understandthe relationship betweenthese three module categories. Two basic questions we will address in this paper are:(1.1.1) What is the relationship between the representation theories of these categories? (1.1.2) Is there a relationship between the cohomology theories of these categories? Even though there is no direct functorial relationship between mod(G
Sensitivity of CLIC at 380 GeV to the top FCNC decay t → cH

In the Standard Model (SM), flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) top decays, possible at loop level only, are very strongly suppressed. Observation of any such decay would be a direct signature of physics beyond the SM. Large enhancements are possible in many “new physics” scenarios and the largest enhancement is in most cases expected for the t → cH decay. A full study for CLIC was based on the WHIZARD simulation of FCNC top decays within the 2HDM(III) model. Beam polarization and beam-induced background were taken into account. Top pair production events with the FCNC decay t → cH can be identified based on kinematic constrains and flavour tagging information. Due to a large overlap in the kinematic space with standard top pair events, the final signal selection-efficiency is small, at the 10% level. Expected limits on BR(t → cH) × BR(H → b b ¯ ) are compared with earlier results based on parton level simulation.
A Local Brightness Normalization (LBN) algorithm for destriping Hyperion images

A hybrid algorithm based on global moments matching and local brightness normalization is proposed for correcting vertical stripes in Hyperion images. Two types of vertical stripes are identified: (1) global stripes comprising entire columns of dark pixels with brightness values lower than the global brightness, and (2) local stripes comprising intermittent segments of pixels within a specific column that have lower brightness values compared with the local neighbourhood brightness. The proposed algorithm operates in four steps. First, a minimum noise fraction-transformation-based filtering is used to minimize spatially decorrelated noise. Then no-data pixels values are corrected. Next, global stripes are demarcated and corrected. Finally, local stripes are flagged and corrected. Applications of the proposed algorithm to two Hyperion datasets show significant reduction in vertical stripes.