Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OVERVIEW AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF UNABRIDGED THIN FILM SOLAR CELL

Solar cell designing and fabrication has always fascinated researchers, physicists, scientist and engineers of photovoltaic industry. Scientist seek solution to mend the efficiency and design of thin film solar cells. This paper illustrate the comprehensive overview of thin film solar cells and their structure. Furthermore various categories of thin film solar cells, strength and weakness of solar cells and techniques to enhance the efficiency of solar cells are also discussed in this paper. Thin film solar cell technology belongs to second generation of solar cells and fabricated by depositing layers of thin film of photovoltaic material on a substrate. Most prosaic substrate used to fabricate thin film solar cells are metal, plastic and glass. Thin film solar cells are much compendious as compared to their rival crystalline solar cell technology. The size of thin film solar cell diverges from few nanometer to ten micrometers. Review suggest that III-V semiconductor such as Gallium Nitride and Gallium Arsenide are endowed with many attractive properties for fabrication of thin film solar cell. Heterojunction thin film solar cells hold much higher efficiency compared to homojunction thin film solar cells owing to their high optical raptness.
[Function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

OBJECTIVE To study the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight boys with ADHD at ages of 6 to 14 years were enrolled. The diagnosis and grouping of ADHD were based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV): ADHD-predominantly inattention type (ADHD-I, n=44), ADHD-predominantly hyperactive impulsivetype (ADHD-HI, n=32) and ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C, n=52). Thirty healthy boys served as the control group. Plasma levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured by automatic particle enzyme immunoassay and electrochemiluminescence respectively at 8:00 am. The intelligence level was tested by Raven's standard progressive matrices. RESULTS The children with ADHD had lower IQ score (84.5 + or - 11.3) than the control group (94.6 + or - 12.4) (p<0.01). There were significant differences in the IQ score among the three ADHD subgroups (p<0.01). The IQ score in the ADHD-I and the ADHD-C groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. The mean plasma cortisol level in the ADHD group (226.5 + or - 129.1 nmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (384.5 + or - 141.4 nmol/L) (p<0.01). The three ADHD subgroups showed significantly decreased plasma cortisol level compared with the control group (p<0.01). The plasma level of cortisol was the lowest in the ADHD-HI group (154.4 + or - 71.6 nmol/L), followed by the ADHD I group (219.4 + or - 117.7 nmol/L) and the ADHD-C group (258.3 + or - 136.4 nmol/L). There were no significant differences in plasma concentration of ACTH between ADHD and control children. CONCLUSIONS In the non-stress state, the HPA axis may be dysfunctional in children with ADHD, which may be attributed to the under reactivity of the HPA axis. Lower plasma cortisol has fewer impacts on the cognitive-behavior function, but it may closely be related to attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors.
Dynamics of blood flow and oxygenation changes during brain activation: The balloon model

A biomechanical model is presented for the dynamic changes in deoxyhemoglobin content during brain activation. The model incorporates the conflicting effects of dynamic changes in both blood oxygenation and blood volume. Calculations based on the model show pronounced transients in the deoxyhemoglobin content and the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal measured with functional MRI, including initial dips and overshoots and a prolonged post‐stimulus undershoot of the BOLD signal. Furthermore, these transient effects can occur in the presence of tight coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism throughout the activation period. An initial test of the model against experimental measurements of flow and BOLD changes during a finger‐tapping task showed good agreement.
Police Analyst Workstation: Towards a Multi-Surface User Interface

Developing applications for multi-surface user interfaces is challenging. Sharing and transferring information between these surfaces requires the need for multi-modal interaction methods. In this paper we describe the Police Analyst work- station for supporting multi-surface interaction for criminal intelligence analysis with sense making using multi-touch and mid-air hand gestures for input. We outline our requirements, design, and an initial implementation.
A case study on partitioning data for classification

Designing accurate model for classification problem is a real concern in context of machine learning. The various factors such as inclusion of excellent samples in the training set, the number of samples as well as the proportion of each class type in the set (that would be sufficient for designing model) play important roles in this purpose. In this article, an investigation is introduced to address the question of what proportion of the samples should be devoted to the training set for developing a better classification model. The experimental results on several datasets, using C4.5 classifier, shows that any equidistributed data partitioning in between (20%, 80%) and (30%, 70%) may be considered as the best sample partition to build classification model irrespective to domain, size and class imbalanced.
The effects of protamine overdose on coagulation parameters as measured by the thrombelastograph

Background and objective Protamine is routinely administered following cardiopulmonary bypass in order to neutralize the effects of heparin. An excess of protamine can contribute to coagulopathy, hence predisposing to bleeding with associated morbidity and mortality. Thromboelastography (TEG) is recognized as an invaluable bedside tool to detect coagulation parameters; however, the effects of protamine overdose on TEG parameters have not been fully established. Methods Forty-six patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass were recruited in the study. Following heparinization, the patient's blood heparin level was measured using Hepcon HMS. Incremental doses of protamine [at a protamine-to-Hepcon-derived heparin ratio (PHR) of 1: 1, 2: 1 and 3: 1] were added to patients' blood samples in vitro and four TEG coagulation parameters, including R (time to clot initiation), K (clot kinetics), α (clot kinetics) and maximum amplitude (ultimate clot strength), were monitored. Statistical analysis was performed using NCSS software. Results Protamine caused dose-dependent worsening of coagulation parameters on TEG; K was significantly elevated, whereas α and maximum amplitude showed significant reduction (P < 0.001) compared with baseline at a PHR of 2: 1 and 3: 1, respectively. R was significantly prolonged compared with baseline (P < 0.001) at a PHR of 3: 1. Conclusion Protamine adversely affects clot initiation time, clot kinetics and platelet function in a dose-dependent manner, which can predispose to bleeding.
Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Exercise following Hip Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis: a Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

Background: Physiotherapy has long been a routine component of patient rehabilitation following hip joint replacement. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise after discharge from hospital on function, walking, range of motion, quality of life and muscle strength, for osteoarthritic patients following elective primary total hip arthroplasty.
Accelerating the iterative linear solver for reservoir simulation on multicore architectures

Modern petroleum reservoir simulation serves as a primary tool for quantitatively managing reservoir production and planning new fields. It involves repeatedly solving the Jacobian of a set of strong nonlinear partial differential equations governing the mass and energy conduction and conservation. Most of the existing reservoir simulators adopt iterative solver with multiple stages of preconditioners, in which the incomplete LU (ILU) factorization is an outstanding universal smoother. However, it turns out that when the degree of freedom of each grid grows, ILU usually becomes the bottleneck of the solver. Moreover, ILU is difficult to parallelize due to its inherent data dependency. In this paper, we developed a sparse iterative solver with parallelized ILU and triangular solve using block-wise data structure. Compared with the state of art iterative solver on 14 industrial reservoir simulation matrices, the proposed ILU is 5.2x faster (on average) than the state of art iterative solver because of the block-wise data structure, which leads to 2.2x speedup on the total solver runtime. In addition, parallel ILU and triangular solve are developed to further accelerate the solver. To tackle the strong data dependency in ILU and triangular solve, we first partition the algorithm into separated tasks and construct a data flow graph to represent the data dependency. Then, tasks are scheduled in parallel according to the topological order of the data flow graph. On an 8-thread multicore architecture, we achieved another 3.6x speedup on ILU factorization, and 3.3x on triangular solve with good scalability.
E-learning and quality in scientific education

The paper is a study in the usage of modern information technology (IT) in interdisciplinary teaching of notions featured in the physics and chemistry curriculum. It encompasses specifically the study of “The Ideal gas laws” and their real life application, as well as “The electrolysis of water” (8th and 10th grades, respectively). The crucial teaching-learning-assessment chain of lesson is comparatively analyzed within the “traditional” and “modern” lessons respectively, the last one by making use of didactical support such as: Interactive sequences of the “Elements of thermodynamics and molecular physics” (an educational software that is part of the AEL platform, a SIVECO product) and Virtual Physics Lab from the web-site http://jersey.waregon. edu. The paper consists of the following sections: ∗ The student-oriented didactics and learning — a crucial objective towards excellence in teaching; ∗ Specific ways of using IT means within the physics or chemistry lessons or order to make the two natural sciences interdisciplinary; ∗ An important point is the use of ICT in the training of teachers, this paper is intended to contribute to the development of independence and team work. This “ICT Revolution” will move the stress from teaching to learning new requirements for the educational system; ∗ Pros and cons of the real and virtual experiments.
The Analysis of Multiple Genome Comparisons in Genus Escherichia and Its Application to the Discovery of Uncharacterised Metabolic Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073

A survey of a complete gene synteny comparison has been carried out between twenty fully sequenced strains from the genus Escherichia with the aim of finding yet uncharacterised genes implicated in the metabolism of uropathogenic strains of E. coli (UPEC). Several sets of adjacent colinear genes have been identified which are present in all four UPEC included in this study (CFT073, F11, UTI89, and 536), annotated with putative metabolic functions, but are not found in any other strains considered. An operon closely homologous to that encoding the L-sorbose degradation pathway in Klebsiella pneumoniae has been identified in E. coli CFT073; this operon is present in all of the UPEC considered, but only in 7 of the other 16 strains. The operon's function has been confirmed by cloning the genes into E. coli DH5α and testing for growth on L-sorbose. The functional genomic approach combining in silico and in vitro work presented here can be used as a basis for the discovery of other uncharacterised genes contributing to bacterial survival in specific environments.
Functional Analysis of All AGAMOUS Subfamily Members in Rice Reveals Their Roles in Reproductive Organ Identity Determination and Meristem Determinacy[W]

Genes belonging to the AG subfamily regulate conserved functions in reproductive organ identity determination and meristem determinacy in eudicots. This work describes a functional analysis of all four AG subfamily members of rice, revealing that their function in reproductive organ development and meristem determinacy is conserved in monocots. Reproductive organ development is one of the most important steps in the life cycle of plants. Studies using core eudicot species like thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) have shown that MADS domain transcription factors belonging to the AGAMOUS (AG) subfamily regulate the identity of stamens, carpels, and ovules and that they are important for floral meristem determinacy. Here, we investigate the genetic interactions between the four rice (Oryza sativa) AG subfamily members, MADS3, MADS13, MADS21, and MADS58. Our data show that, in contrast with previous reports, MADS3 and MADS58 determine stamen and carpel identity and, together with MADS13, are important for floral meristem determinacy. In the mads3 mads58 double mutant, we observed a complete loss of reproductive organ identity and massive accumulation of lodicules in the third and fourth floral whorls. MADS21 is an AGL11 lineage gene whose expression is not restricted to ovules. Instead, its expression profile is similar to those of class C genes. However, our genetic analysis shows that MADS21 has no function in stamen, carpel, or ovule identity determination.
A Multiple-Detection Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter

Most conventional target tracking algorithms assume that a target can generate at most one measurement per scan. However, there are tracking problems where this assumption is not valid. For example, multiple detections from a target in a scan can arise due to multipath propagation effects as in the over-the-horizon radar (OTHR). A conventional multitarget tracking algorithm will fail in these scenarios, since it cannot handle multiple target-originated measurements per scan. The Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter (JPDAF) uses multiple measurements from a single target per scan through a weighted measurement-to-track association. However, its fundamental assumption is still one-to-one. In order to rectify this shortcoming, this paper proposes a new algorithm, called the Multiple-Detection Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter (MD-JPDAF) for multitarget tracking, which is capable of handling multiple detections from targets per scan in the presence of clutter and missed detection. The multiple-detection pattern, which can account for many-to-one measurement set-to-track association rather than one-to-one measurement-to-track association, is used to generate multiple detection association events. The proposed algorithm exploits all the available information from measurements by combinatorial association of events that are formed to handle the possibility of multiple measurements per scan originating from a target. The MD-JPDAF is applied to a multitarget tracking scenario with an OTHR, where multiple detections occur due to different propagation paths as a result of scattering from different ionospheric layers. Experimental results show that multiple-detection pattern based probabilistic data association improves the state estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the tracking performance of the proposed filter is compared against the Posterior Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (PCRLB), which is explicitly derived for the multiple-detection scenario with a single target.
Protection conferred by myocardial ATP‐sensitive K+ channels in pressure overload‐induced congestive heart failure revealed in KCNJ11 Kir6.2‐null mutant

Ventricular load can precipitate development of the heart failure syndrome, yet the molecular components that control the cardiac adaptive response to imposed demand remain partly understood. Compromised ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel function renders the heart vulnerable to stress, implicating this metabolic sensor in the homeostatic response that would normally prevent progression of cardiac disease. Here, pressure overload was imposed on the left ventricle by transverse aortic constriction in the wild‐type and in mice lacking sarcolemmal KATP channels through Kir6.2 pore knockout (Kir6.2‐KO). Despite equivalent haemodynamic loads, within 30 min of aortic constriction, Kir6.2‐KO showed an aberrant prolongation of action potentials with intracellular calcium overload and ATP depletion, whereas wild‐type maintained ionic and energetic handling. On catheterization, constricted Kir6.2‐KO displayed compromised myocardial performance with elevated left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, not seen in the wild‐type. Glyburide, a KATP channel inhibitor, reproduced the knockout phenotype in the wild‐type, whereas the calcium channel antagonist, verapamil, prevented abnormal outcome in Kir6.2‐KO. Within 48 h following aortic constriction, fulminant biventricular congestive heart failure, characterized by exercise intolerance, cardiac contractile dysfunction, hepatopulmonary congestion and ascites, halved the Kir6.2‐KO cohort, while no signs of organ failure or mortality were seen in wild‐type. Surviving Kir6.2‐KO developed premature and exaggerated fibrotic myocardial hypertrophy associated with nuclear up‐regulation of calcium‐dependent pro‐remodelling MEF2 and NF‐AT pathways, precipitating chamber dilatation within 3 weeks. Thus, KATP channels appear mandatory in acute and chronic cardiac adaptation to imposed haemodynamic load, protecting against congestive heart failure and death.
Human Paraoxonase-1 Overexpression Inhibits Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Background—The metabolic syndrome is typified by obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, increased oxidative stress, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated antioxidant enzyme that prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), is low in the metabolic syndrome. Methods and Results—We used adenovirus-mediated PON1 gene transfer (AdPON1) to overexpress human PON1 in mice with combined leptin and LDL receptor deficiency, a model of metabolic syndrome. PON1 activity, plasma lipids, the titer of autoantibodies against malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified LDL, and atherosclerosis in AdPON1 mice were compared with these in mice that received a control recombinant adenovirus (AdRR5). PON1 activity was increased 4.4-fold (P<0.001) in AdPON1 mice (N=12), whereas in AdRR5 mice (N=11) activity did not change. Expressing human PON1 significantly reduced the total plaque volume, the volume of plaque macrophages, and of plaque-associated oxidized LDL. It increased the percentage of smooth muscle cells in the plaques. Expressing human PON1 lowered the titer of autoantibodies against MDA-modified LDL, a proxy for oxidized LDL in mice. It had no overall effect on plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides, as evidenced by the similar area under the curves, and on the HDL distribution profile. Conclusion—Our data suggest that in this mouse model of metabolic syndrome, expressing human PON1 inhibited the development of atherosclerosis, probably by reducing the amount of oxidized LDL in plasma and in the plaque, thereby preventing its proatherogenic effects. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human PON1 may be a potential and useful tool to prevent/retard atherosclerosis in humans.
Polar codes over fading channels with power and delay constraints

The inherent nature of polar codes being channel specific makes it difficult to use them in a setting where the communication channel changes with time. In particular, to be able to use polar codes in a wireless scenario, varying attenuation due to fading needs to be mitigated. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive work in this direction thus far. In this work, a practical scheme involving channel inversion with the knowledge of the channel state at the transmitter, is proposed. An additional practical constraint on the permissible average and peak power is imposed, which in turn makes the channel equivalent to an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel cascaded with an erasure channel. It is shown that the constructed polar code could be made to achieve the symmetric capacity of this channel. Further, a means to compute the optimal design rate of the polar code for a given power constraint is also discussed.
In search of left septal fascicular block.

BACKGROUND In most humans, the left bundle branch divides into 3 fascicles. Electrocardiographic changes resulting from conduction abnormalities of the left anterior and left posterior fascicles are well described and commonly diagnosed. Existence of conduction defects of the left septal fascicle is controversial, without generally accepted criteria for diagnosis. METHODS Approximately 26,000 electrocardiograms were reviewed to find examples consistent with left septal fascicle block according to criteria derived from review of the literature. RESULTS Electrocardiograms meeting proposed criteria were found in about 0.5% of tracings. Illustrative examples are shown with discussion of reasons for their selection. CONCLUSIONS Left septal fascicle block seems to exist, is polymorphic, and may explain some previously inadequately understood electrocardiographic abnormalities.
Design and Application of a Generic Clinical Decision Support System for Multiscale Data

Medical research and clinical practice are currently being redefined by the constantly increasing amounts of multiscale patient data. New methods are needed to translate them into knowledge that is applicable in healthcare. Multiscale modeling has emerged as a way to describe systems that are the source of experimental data. Usually, a multiscale model is built by combining distinct models of several scales, integrating, e.g., genetic, molecular, structural, and neuropsychological models into a composite representation. We present a novel generic clinical decision support system, which models a patient's disease state statistically from heterogeneous multiscale data. Its goal is to aid in diagnostic work by analyzing all available patient data and highlighting the relevant information to the clinician. The system is evaluated by applying it to several medical datasets and demonstrated by implementing a novel clinical decision support tool for early prediction of Alzheimer's disease.
3-Dimensional Reconstruction on Tagged Packages via RFID Systems

Nowadays, 3D reconstruction has been introduced in monitoring the package placement in logistic industry-related applications. Existing 3D econstruction methods are mainly based on computer vision or sensor-based approaches, which are limited by the line-of-sight or battery life constraint. In this paper, we propose RF-3DScan to perform 3D reconstruction on tagged packages via passive RFID, by attaching multiple reference tags onto the surface of the packages. The basic idea is that by moving the antenna along straight lines within a constrained 2-dimensional space, the antenna obtains the RF-signals of the reference tags attached on the packages. By extracting the phase differences to build the angle profile for each tag, RF-3DScan can compare the angle profiles of the different reference tags and derive their relative positions, then further determine the package orientation and stacking for 3D reconstruction. We implement RF- 3DScan and evaluate its performance in real settings. The experiment results show that the average identification accuracy of the bottom face is about 92.5%, and the average estimation error of the rotation angle is about 4.08&#186;.