Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandins and the prostate: An hypothesis on the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia

The most plausible explanation of the cause of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) offered to date is that it is owing to an abnormal effect of androgenic stimulation upon the prostate [ 11. Because the normal physiological effect of androgen upon the prostate is not known, it is difficult to understand an “abnormal” effect. Certainly, it is not reasonable to think that the only effect of androgenic stimulation is prostatic growth. Although function of the prostate gland is not known with certainty, some functions have been supported. It is known, for example, that the gland contributes spermine to the seminal plasma [2]. Spermine is a polyamine that serves as a substitute for transglutaminase and facilitates cross linking of proteins involved in seminal clot formation [3]. The clot or “copulation plug” functions to retain sperm in the vagina and so, presumably, to increase the fertilizing capacity of the male. Another function attributed to the prostate is that it may prevent bacterial infection of the male urinary tract [4]. This function is supported in part by the observed infrequency of urinary infections in males. The factor responsible for antibacterial activity of prostatic fluid may be the ability of the gland to concentrate and secrete zinc into the seminal fluid [5]. The anatomical location of the prostate and its ubiquity among male mammals suggest that it may play a role in reproduction. The role must be facultative because it is thought that prostatectomy does not abolish fertility [6] . Prostaglandins (PGs) are a class of lipid soluble fatty acids that are present in most tissues, including all tissues of the male reproductive tract [7]. They were first described in seminal plasma and are found in highest concentration here. It is not known if the prostate or the seminal vesicles contribute the larger share [8]. PGs are subdivided by biochemical and physiological characteristics into compounds called
The Natural History and Treatment Outcomes of Perineural Spread of Malignancy within the Head and Neck

Abstract Understanding the natural history of diseases enables the clinician to better diagnose and treat their patients. Perineural spread of head and neck cancers are poorly understood and often diagnosis is delayed resulting in poorer outcomes and more debilitating treatments. This article reviews a large personal series of head and neck malignancy presenting with perineural spread along almost exclusively the trigeminal and/or facial nerves. A detailed analysis of squamous cell carcinoma of cutaneous origin is presented including an analysis of likely primaries, which most often have occurred months to years prior. The importance of early detection is reinforced by the highly significant (p < 0.0001) differences in disease specific survival, which occur, depending on how far along a cranial nerve the disease has been allowed to spread.
Hazard versus probit in predicting U.S. bank failures: A regulatory perspective over two crises

We compare the out-of-sample accuracy of two methodologies—the time-varying hazard model of Shumway (2001) and the static probit model used by Cole and Gunther (1998)—in forecasting U.S. bank failures from both academic and regulatory perspectives. When we limit both models to financial data available at the time of prediction, we find that the probit model slightly outperforms the hazard model, indicating that the superior performance of hazard models documented in previous empirical research is attributable to use of more timely financial data rather than to incorporation of time-varying covariates. We also find that a parsimonious specification fit to data over 1985-1993 performs well in forecasting bank failures during 2009-2010—evidence that the characteristics of “distressed banks” have experienced little change over the past two decades despite substantial changes in structure and regulation of the U.S. banking industry. Our findings support supervision focusing on banks’ traditional CAMELS risk ratios.
DYNAMIC PORTFOLIO-BALANCE BEHAVIOR OF TIME DEPOSITS AND 'MONEY'

THE ROLE OF TIME DEPOSITS in monetary analysis has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. An important concern has been to determine their relevance to the proper definition of money. Of related interest is the determination of the relative importance of income or wealth as the appropriate constraint in the demand for money function and the magnitude of the elasticity of money demand with respect to different yields on financial and real assets. In this paper: (1) a general portfolio balance asset demand function for time deposits, defined as passbook saving accounts in commercial banks plus saving and loan association shares plus mutual saving bank deposits is formulated; (2) the familiar stock adjustment model is used to estimate the function using quarterly postwar data for the U.S. economy; and (3) the results are employed to see what light they shed on the question of the appropriate definition of money.
Physiology of the growing and adult goose. 3. Some nitrogen constituents of blood.

Synopsis Total protein, albumin, globulin and NPN of serum were determined, at approximately 4‐week intervals, in the growing phase and the first reproductive cycle of the goose. Levels of serum albumin and globulin, and therefore total protein, increased with age from 1–20 weeks. Non‐protein nitrogen declined through this period. In the adult phase, males had fairly constant values of serum albumin and globulin while females showed significant increases in these serum constituents. These increases were associated with egg production. Sex differences in non‐protein nitrogen did not occur in adult geese.
Low proliferative activity in macroregenerative nodules: evidence for an alternate hypothesis concerning human hepatocarcinogenesis.

UNLABELLED Macroregenerative nodules are commonly thought to be hyperplastic lesions, deriving both their large size and premalignant potential from an increased proliferative rate. We have previously suggested an alternate model of macroregenerative nodule development in which neither size nor premalignant potential of macroregenerative nodules would depend on increased proliferation. We tested this hypothesis by examining the proliferative activity in macroregenerative and surrounding cirrhotic nodules. METHODS Eighteen macroregenerative nodules, including five type I and 13 type II, were immunostained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Type II macroregenerative nodules included ten with diffuse large (7) or small (3) liver cell dysplasia only and eight containing nodule-in-nodule lesions. Five nodule-in-nodule lesions met the histologic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma. PCNA labeling indices (PCNA-LIs; percentage positive hepatocyte nuclei/500 randomly counted cells) were determined in macroregenerative nodules and the four largest adjacent cirrhotic nodules. Nodule-in-nodule lesions were assessed separately from the background macroregenerative nodule. RESULTS 4/5 type I and 12/13 type II macroregenerative nodules (exclusive of NIN lesions) had PCNA-LIs lower than the mean of surrounding cirrhotic nodules. All nodule-in-nodule lesions, whether atypical or overtly malignant, had PCNA-LIs greater than any surrounding nodules. In conclusion, macroregenerative nodules have PCNA-LIs indistinguishable from, and often lower than, surrounding cirrhotic nodules. Increased proliferative activity only occurs with the development of atypia and transition to hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION Macroregenerative nodules derive neither their size nor their premalignant potential from on-going rapid proliferation, a finding consistent with our alternate hypothesis of macroregenerative nodule development.
The grand divergence: global and European current account surpluses. Bruegel Working Paper 2015/08, 13 August 2015

Global current account imbalances widened before the 2007/2008 crisis and have narrowed since. While the post-crisis adjustment of European current account deficits was in line with global developments (though more forceful), European current account surpluses defied global trends and increased. We use panel econometric models to analyse the determinants of medium-term current account balances. Our results confirm that higher fiscal balances, higher GDP per capita, more rapidly aging populations, larger net foreign assets, larger oil rents and better legal systems increase the medium-term current account balance, while a larger growth differential and a higher old-age dependency ratio reduce it. European current account surpluses became excessive during the past twelve years according to our estimates, while they were in line with model predictions in the preceding three decades. Generally, the gap between the actual current account and its fitted value in the model has a strong predictive power for future current account changes. Excess deficits adjust more forcefully than excess surpluses. However, in the 2004-07 period, excess imbalances were amplified, which was followed by a forceful correction in 2008-15, with the exception of European surpluses.
Proximal and distal. Rethinking linguistic form and use for clinical purposes

With clinical purposes in mind, a review of the proximal/distal opposition is carried out in order to define a universal parameter of variability in semiotic procedures. By taking into consideration different—although notionally inter-related—senses of the proximal/distal opposition, a cluster of semiotic properties is proposed, which initially permits one to characterize dimensions of variability in the form and use of gestures. The subsequent and central aim of this paper is, however, to demonstrate that the same, or homologous, properties can also serve to characterize variability in the use of language, by assuming a basic connection between gesturing and linguistic behaviour. The main focus of interest and the starting point for reflections are communicative impairments as manifested in apraxia and aphasia.
US Monetary Policy Surprises and Foreign Interest Rates: Evidence from a Set of MENA Countries

This paper assesses the response of a set of emerging markets' domestic interest rates to the US monetary policy surprises within a dynamic framework. Monthly data from Algeria, Bahrain, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Tunisia and Turkey for the 1989:03 to 2005:12 period reveal positive effects of the unanticipated Federal Funds target changes on the short-term interest rates of these countries. When we look at the effect of US monetary policy surprises for different Turkish interest rates, the evidence is robust for the 3 and 12-month rates, but government controlled interbank and treasury auction rates have reverse positions.
A role for the hippocampal formation in implicit memory: a 3‐D PET study

THE apparent preservation of word priming effects in amnesia has been interpreted as supporting the view that implicit memory depends on brain systems that are independent of mesial temporal lobe structures which are in part responsible for explicit memory disorders. Nevertheless, a number of studies have demonstrated word priming deficits in amnesic patients relatively to normal subjects, suggesting that such structures may also be involved in implicit memory. To determine whether one such structure, the hippocampal formation, is a component of the brain system subserving word priming, a 3-D PET study was carried out in 13 normal individuals. Encoding was carried out using the brief multiple presentation technique, a procedure that allows one to effectively circumvent contamination of implicit memory tasks by explicit memory strategies. Results revealed that word priming was indeed associated with an activation of the right hippocampal formation. This finding of an hippocampal involvement in word priming calls into question the notion of absolute dissociability between the brain systems underlying performance on various explicit and implicit memory tasks.
Research on characteristics of cylinder tanks in SAR image

Cylinder tanks appear as arcs in SAR image. It is found the radius of some arcs is bigger than the radius of the tank. To analysis this phenomenon, combining the scattering theory and the principle of SAR, a novel prediction model about the SAR image of cylinder tanks, including the tanks with fixed top and floating top, is proposed. Analysis on details of the SAR image of the tanks is provided by the prediction model. Several experiments are implemented.
Social ReGreT, a reputation model based on social relations

Social network analysis has been used for a long time by sociologist as a mechanism to infer and explain social behaviours. Analysing social relations between individuals in a society using social network analysis techniques allows to identify a lot of features of that society that can be very valuable in an e-commerce environment. In this paper we describe how these techniques can be used to improve a reputation system and also how this system can be integrated with a negotiation model to increase the succes of negotiations.
Cardiatis Multilayer Stent for Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral and Visceral Aneurysms: Where Do We Stand?

Open surgery (with ligation, aneurysmectomy, and venous or synthetic grafting) has historically been considered the treatment of choice for peripheral and visceral artery aneurysms. More recently, endovascular therapies have evolved to provide successful treatment of aneurysms, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with open surgery. Today, a plethora of different devices is available for endovascular procedures. One of the major drawbacks of endovascular treatment is that side branches are generally occluded when using stent-grafts or coils. Also, covered stents need large introducers and have limited flexibility, making them frequently unsuitable for complex anatomies. Trying to overcome these limitations, a novel endovascular device was recently developed. The Cardiatis Multilayer Stent (CMS) is a bare self-expanding device constructed in multiple interconnecting layers of metallic cobalt wire. Due to its peculiar 3-dimensional geometry, the CMS has been reported to slow and laminate blood flow inside an aneurysm, thus theoretically minimizing the chances of aneurysm rupture. By reducing turbulence inside the sac, a CMS encourages the formation of an organized thrombus within the aneurysm. Similarly, the stent is designed to maintain laminar flow directed toward the collateral branches, which should theoretically remain patent after stent placement. Having a unique design and an uncovered structure, the CMS has been reported to adapt easily to the diameter, morphology, dimension, and course of the target artery. Also, the CMS is provided with a low profile, highly flexible delivery system that seems to allow simpler intravascular deployment in comparison with commercially available stent-grafts. These features should theoretically make CMS an ideal therapeutic device, especially for complex aneurysms with multiple collateral branches or in cases with difficult anatomies not suitable for treatment with traditional stent-grafts. However, this device has been only recently introduced to clinical practice, and evidence of its efficacy is based on case series with limited follow-up. Also, no data regarding superiority or non-inferiority of the CMS compared to other commercial devices are available. The largest series of CMS use in the periphery was recently reported by Ruffino et al. They used the device in 54 patients with peripheral and visceral artery aneurysms located in 12 different districts throughout the body. They reported complete aneurysm thrombosis in 93.3% of 45 patients at 1-year follow-up. Stent occlusion was seen in 11.1%
Monetary and non-monetary value creation in cruise port destinations: an empirical assessment

The cruise tourism industry has been the fastest growing segment of the global travel sector over the last decades. Due to its dramatic expansion, this sector has recently attracted an increasing interest from researchers and practitioners. Despite this attention, however, some literature gaps still persist. Indeed, extant contributions facing the cruise tourism (positive) impact on the local community neglect to investigate the potential overall value disruption caused by cruise traffic diversion towards other destinations. Therefore, this paper measures the overall value potentially generated for the territory by a cruise company, which is not a shareholder of the facility in a port of call. The monetary and non-monetary value is estimated using empirical data collected from 208 cruise passengers and 64 crewmembers. The results show the total amount of passenger, crew and cruise-line expenditures (i.e., monetary impact), as well as the non-monetary effect triggered by word-of-mouth behaviour. The main ﬁndings yield several implications for academics, managers and policymakers.
Análise de padrões de comportamento de preços com fins de projeção de receita : testes estatísticos em uma série temporal de preços da commodity cobre

Marcia Athayde Matias Mestrado em Ciências Contábeis Universidade de Brasília Endereço: Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Prédio da FA 2° Andar Salas B1-02, Asa Norte, 70910-900 – Brasilia – DF – Brasil Email: mathayde@unb.br Telefone: 31 33758448 Cesar Augusto Tiburcio Silva Doutor em Controladoria e Contabilidade Universidade de Brasília Endereço: Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Prédio da FA 2° Andar Salas B1-02, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasilia – DF – Brasil Email: cesartiburcio@unb.br Telefone: (61) 32731105 Leonardo Vieira Doutor em Controladoria e ContabilidadeUniversidade de Brasília Endereço: Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Prédio da FA 2° Andar Salas B1-02, Asa Norte, 70910-900 – Brasilia – DF – Brasil Email: vieira.leo@gmail.com Telefone: (61) 32731105
Phage φ29 and Nf terminal protein-priming domain specifies the internal template nucleotide to initiate DNA replication

Bacteriophages φ29 and Nf from Bacillus subtilis start replication of their linear genome at both DNA ends by a protein-primed mechanism, by which the DNA polymerase, in a template-instructed reaction, adds 5′-dAMP to a molecule of terminal protein (TP) to form the initiation product TP-dAMP. Mutational analysis of the 3 terminal thymines of the Nf DNA end indicated that initiation of Nf DNA replication is directed by the third thymine on the template, the recovery of the 2 terminal nucleotides mainly occurring by a stepwise sliding-back mechanism. By using chimerical TPs, constructed by swapping the priming domain of the related φ29 and Nf proteins, we show that this domain is the main structural determinant that dictates the internal 3′ nucleotide used as template during initiation.
An ultra-high sensitivity Fabry-Perot acoustic pressure sensor using a multilayer suspended graphene diaphragm

A 10~15-layer suspended graphene diaphragm was adhered onto the endface of a ferrule with a 125-μm inner diameter by van der Waals interactions to construct a miniature ultra-high sensitivity Fabry-Perot acoustic sensor. Considering the dynamic acoustic pressure measurement, the properties of film natural frequency and optical reflectivity were investigated by ANSYS modal simulation and Fresnel's equation, respectively. The average reflectivity of the multilayer graphene diaphragm was measured to be about 1.49%. Acoustic testing demonstrated a pressure-induced deflection of 2.38 nm/Pa at 15 kHz with a nice omnidirectionality. The sensitive diaphragm structure breaks the sensitivity limitations imposed by the increased thickness and the decreased dimension of a diaphragm used in traditional Fabry-Perot pressure sensors.
Insider Loans: How Restricted is the Banker?

This article examines the Federal Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978 (”FIRA”), bank reform legislation that imposed stricter controls on insider lending transactions that Congress had seen as one of the primary threats to the successful operations of banks. It highlights the differences between state and federally chartered banks, illustrating that state chartered banks are not subject to federal banking provisions unless they become a member of the Federal Reserve System. It argues that FIRA provides the safeguards necessary to control bank insider abuses by imposing a myriad of lending limitations and reporting mechanisms. It discusses and analyzes the effectiveness of the laws and regulations instituted by FIRA that specifically govern loans to bank insiders, as well as the effectiveness of state control over insider lending practices that fall outside the reach of FIRA. The New York State Banking Law of 1976 is analyzed to determine the impact state law has on insider abuses, and is compared to the federal regulations concerning insider abuses.
Hostile Takeovers: Issues in Public and Corporate Policy

Preface The Positions of the Protagonists Three Cheers for the Corporate Raider by Richard K.Vedder Hostile Takeovers: An American Falkland Islands Where the Argentines Always Win by Leigh B. Trevor Merger-Mania: An Empirical Critique by Walter Adams and James W. Brock Economic, Legal, and Related Issues The Economic Implications of the Changing Merger Process by Edward R. Bruning Corporate Takeovers and Regional Economic Development: An Ohio Perspective by Brian P. Holly Restructuring the Fortune 500: The View from Ohio by R.D. Norton Ethical Considerations in Takeovers by Gordon E. Heffern The Corporate Takeover Regulatory Arena by Lois J. Yoder Foreign Direct Investment, Federal Tax Policy, and Corporate Control Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Implications for Corporate Control by William D. Gunther Federal Tax Policy and the Market for Corporate Control: Relationships and Consequences by Robert P. Strauss Conclusion The Evidence and Public Policy by Walter Adams and James W. Brock Some Final Policy Reflections by David L. McKee Selected Bibliography Index
Another Look at Growth and Defense in Less Developed Countries

Lim challenges evidence showing that defense spending encouraged the economic growth of 44 less-developed countries (LDCs) over the 1950-65 periods by reexamining the relationship between defense and growth for 54 LDCs over the 1965-73 period. Regional analyses cover 21 African, 13 Western Hemisphere, 11 Asian, and 9 Middle Eastern and Southern European LDCs. The results show that defense spending was detrimental to economic growth, although adverse effects that were marked in Africa and the Western Hemisphere were absent in Asia, the Middle East, and southern Eurpoe. 4 references, 2 tables.
Del diseño de modelos de costes basados en las actividades a su uso normalizado

Purpose: To understand why many companies that develop activity-based costing (ABC) systems do not use them on a regular basis. Design/methodology/approach: We review the existing literature on the process of ABC implementation, concentrating specifically on the step from the acceptance of an ABC model to its routine use. We identify key factors for successful uptake of ABC systems as a regular management tool and use these factors to interpret the experience of two companies that illustrate, respectively, a success and a failure. Findings: Sixteen factors are identified that positively or negatively influence the actual use of ABC costing systems. These factors can be grouped into six categories: strategic, individual, organizational, technological, operational and external factors. Originality/value: This paper sheds some light on the paradoxical situation that regular usage of ABC systems is not as common as might be expected given their widespread acceptance on a conceptual level.