Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The segregation of educated youth and dynamic geographies of studentification

This paper explores how university students are enmeshed in the trend of increasing sociospatial segregation. The paper charts the unprecedented in-migration of students into selected towns and cities as part of the expansion of UK higher education in the mid-1990s, epitomised by single people living in multi-person shared private rented housing, often alongside established households in socially-mixed neighbourhoods. It is shown that student populations became more spatially concentrated during mid-2000s with the development of purpose-built accommodation, predominantly in the form of gated ‘student-enclaves’. We argue that these exclusionary, ‘student-only’ spaces are becoming more widespread due to concurrent trends in the commodification of student housing and studenthood, which are encouraging the formation of ‘new frontiers of student segregation’. The paper ends by discussing these trends, arguing for further research exploring the variegated spatial outcomes of these processes of segregation.
Business Education Students’ Perception of Educational Usage of Social Networking Sites in Tertiary Institutions in Anambra State

The study sought to establish from business education students in tertiary institutions in Anambra state Nigeria, their usage of social networking sites, educational activities they use it for and problems they face using social networking sites. Population of the study was made up of 577 penultimate and final year business education students of four tertiary institutions in Anambra state. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select 236 students for the study. Three research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information for the study. The data collection instrument was subjected to a reliability test which yielded reliability coefficients of 0.70, 0.63 and 0.80 using Cronbach alpha. Mean, frequency count and percentages were used to analyze data in order to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that business education students spend two to three hours on social networking sites daily; they rarely used social networking sites for educational activities and faced the problem of poor network service. The respondents did not differ significantly in their responses regarding academic usage of social networking sites as a result of gender. Consequently, it was recommended, among others, that business education students should be taught to harness the educational potentials of social networking sites as to effectively use these sites for educational purposes.
Complications of Emulsified Silicone Oil after Retinal Detachment Repair

Abstract Intraocular silicone oil has several important indications in vitreoretinal surgery, particularly the repair of complicated retinal detachments. Emulsification is a clinically significant complication of using silicone oil tamponade. There are several factors that can promote or prevent silicone oil emulsification after retinal detachment repair, including protein surfactants, contaminants, and shear forces. However, the duration of tamponade remains the most significant one. After emulsification has occurred, keratopathy and glaucoma are the most common complications. However, recent work has shown that emulsification can also affect the retina, optic nerve, and even extraocular structures. Limiting the amount of time the silicone oil remains in the eye is the most important factor in reducing its complications.
Models of Working Memory: Toward Unified Theories of Working Memory: Emerging General Consensus, Unresolved Theoretical Issues, and Future Research Directions

This final chapter starts where the previous chapter left off (Kintsch, Healy, Hegarty, Pennington, & Salthouse, Chapter 12). The main goal of the current chapter is to offer some thoughts we have about the future directions of working memory research. In particular, we present our own view of where the field stands and where it may be going in the belief that such reflection on the “big picture” is something this field needs. The organization of the chapter is as follows. We will first present six points of general theoretical consensus that appear to be emerging among the models of working memory included in this volume. Despite this globallevel agreement about the nature of working memory, there are some important disagreements among different models. Thus, we will next point out some unresolved theoretical issues for each of the eight designated questions. In the last section, we will outline several issues that have not yet received much attention in the current models of working memory, but we believe will become increasingly important for future empirical and theoretical investigations. General Theoretical Consensus About the Nature of Working Memory At the beginning of Chapter 1, we quoted H. J. Eysenck's (1986) rather pessimistic remark about psychometric theories of intelligence1 and pointed out that some people would probably feel the same way about working memory: There are many different models of working memory out there, but they all seem so different that it is difficult to see how they relate to one another.
Robust 3D hand tracking for human computer interaction

We propose a system for human computer interaction via 3D hand movements, based on a combination of visual tracking and a cheap, off-the-shelf, accelerometer. We use a 3D model and region based tracker, resulting in robustness to variations in illumination, motion blur and occlusions. At the same time the accelerometer allows us to deal with the multimodality in the silhouette to pose function. We synchronise the accelerometer and tracker online, by casting the calibration problem as a maximum covariance problem, which we then solve probabilistically. We show the effectiveness of our solution with multiple real-world tests and demonstration scenarios.
Toward Clinical Cancer Imaging Using Terahertz Spectroscopy

Cancer imaging using terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves has the potential to overcome the drawbacks of existing cancer imaging techniques because of the unique properties of THz radiation. It is nonionizing, highly sensitive to water molecules, and suitable for the observation of many biomolecular characteristics based on low-energy vibrational modes. Consequently, it is advantageous to use THz cancer imaging for detection, especially of superficial carcinomas in soft tissues. However, there are three primary challenges facing this type of cancer imaging that must be addressed before it can be applied medically: the limited penetration depth in hydrated tissues, the difficulty of obtaining molecular resonance fingerprints of cancers, and the low image contrast between tissues. These challenges can be overcome by applying several state-of-the-art techniques; the penetration depth has been enhanced sufficiently to observe cancer lesions deep inside tissues by using freezing and penetration-enhancing agents: the biochemical modification of DNA can be utilized to track the resonance fingerprints of carcinogenesis at the genomic DNA level; and nanoparticles can increase the THz imaging contrast if they are employed similarly to how they are used in magnetic resonance imaging. These solutions are important to enable THz cancer imaging to be performed in clinical settings.
Expression of IL-1α correlates with distant metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The presence of IL-1 in human cancers is associated with aggressive tumor biology but its prognostic value is unknown. We studied whether IL-1α expression is a prognostic marker of distant metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). IL-1α mRNA and protein levels were determined in tumor samples and cancer cell lines using RT-PCR and ELISA. The effects of constitutive IL-1α expression by tumor lines were characterized. IL-1α mRNA and protein secretion were higher in tumor samples from patients who later developed distant metastasis than in patients who did not. By using distant metastasis as a dependent variable, patients were classified into two categories of IL-1α transcript-levels. The high-IL-1α group had a significantly lower five-year distant metastasis-free survival than the low-IL-1α group [70.0% (CI 95%: 55.9-84.1%) vs 94.7% (CI 95%:90.2-99.2%)]. When IL-1α transcript-levels were combined with clinical factors related to tumor metastasis, the predictive power of the model increased significantly. Additionally, transcript levels of IL-1α correlated significantly with those of the IL-1 family genes and genes related to the metastatic process. IL-1 treatment of microvascular endothelial cells increased adhesion of HNSCC cells but no differences were found based on constitutive IL-1α expression by tumor cells. Nevertheless, IL-1α produced by tumor cells effectively increased their transmigration across the endothelium. We found a significant relationship between IL-1α expression and development of distant metastasis in HNSCC patients. IL-1α expression could help to define a subset of patients at high risk of distant metastasis who could benefit from adjuvant treatment.
A Modified Sagittal Spine Postural Classification and Its Relationship to Deformities and Spinal Mobility in a Chinese Osteoporotic Population

Background Abnormal posture and spinal mobility have been demonstrated to cause functional impairment in the quality of life, especially in the postmenopausal osteoporotic population. Most of the literature studies focus on either thoracic kyphosis or lumbar lordosis, but not on the change of the entire spinal alignment. Very few articles reported the spinal alignment of Chinese people. The purpose of this study was threefold: to classify the spinal curvature based on the classification system defined by Satoh consisting of the entire spine alignment; to identify the change of trunk mobility; and to relate spinal curvature to balance disorder in a Chinese population. Methodology/Principal Findings 450 osteoporotic volunteers were recruited for this study. Spinal range of motion and global curvature were evaluated noninvasively using the Spinal-Mouse® system and sagittal postural deformities were characterized. Results We found a new spine postural alignment consisting of an increased thoracic kyphosis and decreased lumbar lordosis which we classified as our modified round back. We did not find any of Satoh’s type 5 classification in our population. Type 2 sagittal alignment was the most common spinal deformity (38.44%). In standing, thoracic kyphosis angles in types 2 (58.34°) and 3 (58.03°) were the largest and lumbar lordosis angles in types 4 (13.95°) and 5 (−8.61°) were the smallest. The range of flexion (ROF) and range of flexion-extension (ROFE) of types 2 and 3 were usually greater than types 4 and 5, with type 1 being the largest. Conclusions/Significance The present study classified and compared for the first time the mobility, curvature and balance in a Chinese population based on the entire spine alignment and found types 4 and 5 to present the worst balance and mobility. This study included a new spine postural alignment classification that should be considered in future population studies.
A Rough Set Formalization of Quantitative Evaluation with Ambiguity

In this paper, we present the founding elements of a formal model of the evaluation paradigm in natural language processing. We propose an abstract model of objective quantitative evaluation based on rough sets, as well as the notion of potential performance space for describing the performance variations corresponding to the ambiguity present in hypothesis data produced by a computer program, when comparing it to the reference data created by humans. A formal model of the evaluation paradigm will be useful for comparing evaluations protocols, investigating evaluation constraint relaxation and getting a better understanding of the evaluation paradigm, provided it is general enough to be able to represent any natural language processing task.
Adoption of Free Open Source Geographic Information System Solution for Health Sector in Zanzibar Tanzania

The study aims at developing in-depth understanding on how Open Source Geographic Information System technology is used to provide solutions for data visualization in the health sector of Zanzibar, Tanzania. The study focuses on implementing the health visualization solutions for the purpose of bridging the gap during the transition period from proprietary software to the Free Open-Source Software using Key Indicator Data System. The developed tool facilitates data integration between the two District Health Information Software versions and hence served as a gateway solution during the transition process. Implementation challenges that include outdated spatial data and the reluctance of the key users in coping with the new Geographical Information System technologies were also identified. Participatory action research and interviews were used in understanding the requirements for the new tool to facilitate the smooth system development for better health service delivery.
Translation by Abduction

Abstract : Many existing approaches to machine translation take for granted that the information presented in the output is found somewhere in the input, and, moreover, that such information should be expressed at a single representational level, for example, in terms of the parse trees or of "semantic" assertions. Languages, however, not only express the equivalent information by drastically different linguistic means, but also often disagree in what distinctions should be expressed linguistically at all. For example, in translating from Japanese to English, it is often necessary to supply determiners for noun phrases, and this in general cannot be done without deep understanding of the source text. Similarly, in translating from English to Japanese, politeness considerations, which in English are implicit in the social situation and explicit in very diffuse ways in, for example, the heavy use of hypotheticals, must be realized grammatically in Japanese. Machine translation therefore requires that the appropriate inferences be drawn and that the text be interpreted to some depth (see Oviatt, 1988). Recently, an elegant approach to inference in discourse interpretation has been developed at a number of sites (e.g., Hobbs et al., 1988; Charniak and Goldman, 1988; Norvig, 1987), all based on the notion of abduction, and we have begun to explore its potential application to machine translation. We argue that this approach provides the possibility of deep reasoning and of mapping between the languages at a variety of levels (See also Kaplan et al., 1988, on the latter point.) Abductive inference is inference to the best explanation. The easiest way to understand it is to compare it with two words it rhymes with-deduction and induction. Much of the way we interpret the world in general can be understood as a process of abduction.
Problem-Based Learning in Counsellor Education

In this article, the author discusses the principles o f problem based learning and their application to graduate level counsellor education. Problem-based learning is an educational approach using a problem statement, around which new information and skill development is initiated via a process which utilizes professional critical thinking and reasoning skills. Using this approach, counsellor education programs can be conceptualized around three phases: an essential theory and skills phase accenting broad theoretical parameters and skill development; a problem-based learning phase integrating additional information using critical thinking and reasoning skills; and an internship phase where students apply their learning in a professional context.
The relationship between leadership and follower in-role performance and satisfaction with the leader: the mediating effects of empowerment and trust in the leader

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an examination of the mediating effects of empowerment and trust in the leader on the relationship between transformational leadership and two outcomes (i.e. the in‐role performance of followers as rated by the leader and satisfaction with the leader). Design/methodology/approach – In total, 150 customer service operators in an Australian call‐centre were invited to participate in a leadership questionnaire and informed that their performance would be rated by their immediate supervisors (i.e. their line manager) as part of the study. A sample of 109 responses were used in the analysis.Findings – Partial least squares analysis revealed that the effects of transformational leadership on the in‐role performance of followers were mediated by empowerment and trust in the leader, whereas the effects of transformational leadership on satisfaction were partially mediated by trust in the leader.Research limitations/implications – The implications of the findings fo.
Specific patterns of neuronal connexions involved in the control of the rabbit's vestibulo‐ocular reflexes by the cerebellar flocculus.

1. In anaesthetized albino rabbits, the occurrence of Purkinje cell inhibition on canal‐ocular reflexes was surveyed with a reflex testing method. 2. Test reflexes were elicited by electrical stimulation of the semicircular canals. The results were appaised by recording potentials and tension from extraocular muscles. Twelve reflexes were defined in terms of the receptor canal and the effector muscle. 3. Conditioning electrical stimuli were applied to the flocculus, the inferior olive, and optic pathways at the retinae, optic chiasm, pretectal area and upper medulla. 4. The conditioning stimulation at the ipsilateral flocculus induced depression in six of the twelve canal‐ocular reflexes; four of the six arose from the anterior canal and the remaining two from the horizontal canal. 5. The effect of stimulation of the contralateral inferior olive was similar to that of the ipsilateral flocculus, though less clear in two of the four reflexes from the anterior canal because of a contaminating effect. 6. The two reflexes from the horizontal canal were depressed by stimulation of the ipsilateral optic pathway which reached the ipsilateral flocculus via the contralateral pretectal area and inferior olive. 7. The four reflexes from the anterior canal were affected by stimulation of optic pathways in a different manner from each other. One was depressed from the contralateral retina via the ipsilateral pretectal area, while another was depressed from the ipsilateral retina via the contralateral pretectal area, though only occasionally. The third reflex was depressed from the ipsilateral pretectal area but not from the retina. The fourth was affected from neither the retina nor the pretectal area. 8. On the basis of latency measurements, it was concluded that the depression of canal‐ocular reflexes was due to inhibition of relay neurones of the testing reflexes by flocculus Purkinje cells which were activated either directly, or indirectly through olivocerebellar climbing fibre afferents. 9. The above conclusion was supported by the observation that the depression induced by stimulation of the inferior olive and optic pathways was abolished by acute destruction of the ipsilateral flocculus. 10. The possible functional significance of the specific patterns of connexions from flocculus Purkinje cells to canal‐ocular reflex pathways is discussed, and specialization among flocculus Purkinje cells in relationship with vestibulo‐ocular reflexes is postulated.
Investigational drugs to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is to a large extent due to antibiotic-resistant strains, in particular methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). While the toll of invasive MRSA infections appears to decrease in U.S. hospitals, the rate of community-associated MRSA infections remains constant and there is a surge of MRSA in many other countries, a situation that calls for continuing if not increased efforts to find novel strategies to combat MRSA infections. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of current investigational drugs and therapeutic antibodies against S. aureus in early clinical development (up to phase II clinical development). It includes a short description of the mechanism of action and a presentation of microbiological and clinical data. Expert opinion: Increased recent antibiotic development efforts and results from pathogenesis research have led to several new antibiotics and therapies, such as anti-virulence drugs, as well as a more informed selection of targets for vaccination efforts against MRSA. This developing portfolio of novel anti-staphylococcal drugs will hopefully provide us with additional and more efficient ways to combat MRSA infections in the near future and prevent us from running out of treatment options, even if new resistances arise.
Peer Reviewed Title: A Simple Gradient Sign Algorithm for Transmit Antenna Weight Adaptation with Feedback

In this paper, a simple algorithm for adaptation of the complex baseband weights of a transmit antenna array using feedback from the receiver is proposed and analyzed. The system utilizes stochastic gradient adaptation to maximize the power delivered to the receiver for a constrained transmission power, which provides both fading diversity and beam steering gain. Dual perturbed transmission weight vectors are time multiplexed onto the pilot signal, and the receiver generates feedback selecting the perturbed weight vector which delivers greater power. This feedback is used to provide weight adaptation at the transmitter, and this adaptation is shown to be an update
AGING EFFECTS IN MEAT QUALITY TRAITS ON DIFFERENT MUSCLES OF CULL COWS

The Brazilian beef shows tenderness inconsistency. Moreover, most females slaughtered are cull cows, about six years which aggravates the lack of tenderness. There is the opportunity to mitigate this problem by meat ageing, but there is a question whether this would have impact on cows from Bos indicus genotype. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ageing on the meat quality of adult females. Forty Nellore cull cows, between 4 and 12 years old were used. Statistical analyses were performed using the statistical program R. The instrumental (shear force) and sensory tenderness showed improvements over the ageing time.
Jaguar: A next-generation low-power x86-64 core

“Jaguar” (JG) is the codename for AMD's follow-on project to the low-power x86-64 core, codenamed “Bobcat” (BT). AMD's first 28nm × 86 processor, the 3.08mm2 JG core is designed to support a wide range of applications from low-power tablets requiring sub-5W SoCs to client products up to 25W. Similar to BT, the JG core uses integrated power gating to provide a low-power state for SOC power optimization. A JG compute unit (CU) is constructed using 4 JG cores, four 0.5MB L2 cache modules and an L2 interface (Fig. 3.4.1). An initial SOC has one 26.2mm2 CU, but AMD's modular design approach allows for different SOC configurations.