Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional Labor in Korean Local Government: Testing the Consequences of Situational Factors and Emotional Dissonance

ABSTRACT The study of emotional labor in public administration has a strong foundation. Emotional labor scales have been operationalized that measure emotion work, personal efficacy, type of acting, and positive/negative display rules. Less is known about how public employees are affected by the frequency, attentiveness, and variety of emotional display, and by emotional dissonance. A survey of local government employees in South Korea is used to analyze the consequences of these factors for job stress, burnout, and job satisfaction. These factors are found to affect the dependent variables in different ways.
Overview of Demand Response under the Smart Grid and Market paradigms

Demand Response (DR) is an important ingredient of the emerging Smart Grid paradigm. Although much of the DR emerging under Smart Grid is targeted at the distribution level, DR programs are regarded as important elements for reliable and economic operation of the transmission system and the wholesale markets. In the context of Energy and Ancillary Service markets facilitated by the ISOs/RTOs, DR programs may be broadly classified as market-based or reliability-based depending on the conditions under which DR is deployed: The former provide for DR vis-à-vis economic signals, while the latter are generally triggered under emergency conditions. Depending on the ISO/RTO market design and applicable operational standards, the market products DR can offer may include Energy, Reserve Ancillary Services (i.e., Supplemental/Non-spinning Reserve, Spinning/Responsive Reserve, or Regulating Reserve), and Capacity. In this paper we first explore different facets of Demand Response under the Smart Grid paradigm. We then briefly summarize the existing and evolving Demand Response programs at different ISOs/RTOs and the product markets they can participate in. We conclude by addressing some of the challenges and potential solutions for implementation of DR under Smart Grid and Market paradigms.
Pharmacoeconomics in COPD: lessons for the future

COPD exerts a substantial burden on health and health care systems globally and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Treatment however can be costly and health care providers are interested in both whether treatments can offer improvements in disease burden and whether they represent value for money. Economic evaluations seek to resolve this issue by producing results that can be used to inform and assist the decision maker in allocating scarce health care resources. In this paper we introduce economic evaluation and then use these themes to review and critically appraise the existing COPD economic evaluations, in order to assess quality in light of today’s standards. The use of existing economic evaluations in informing the decision maker is then discussed. Ten out of the fifteen studies were clinical trial or observational study based, and the remaining five on a decision analytic model. Study design, interventions, outcome measures and the use of uncertainty varied considerably; consequentially the results are difficult to compare in any consistent manner. Efforts for future studies to harmonize study design and methodology, particularly towards adopting a modeling framework, using current treatment as comparator and adopting a common effectiveness measure, such as the QALY, should be made in order to produce results that are comparable and useful to a decision maker.
Medical Material Management Support Using Data Mining and Analytics

We present the application of data mining and analytics to support medical material management. Medical materials considered include medical equipment, drugs and pharmaceuticals, and blood. This paper presents the work performed in two different Office of Secretary of Defense (OSD) funded projects – (i) Medical Material Knowledge Discoverer (MMKD), covering medical equipment, pharmaceuticals and item management; and (ii) Blood Reserve Availability Assessment, Tracking, and Management System (BRAMS), covering blood supply chain management. Data mining and analytics are used to analyze inventory and consumption patterns, evaluate supply chain status, identify and determine key performance metrics at different levels of hierarchy, detect potential problems and issues and identify opportunities for improvement. The paper presents the application of clustering, association rules, regression analyses, online analytical processing (OLAP), performance metrics, data validation, alerts and notifications, a Geographic Information System (GIS), and analyses at multiple levels of abstraction to facilitate the efficient management of supply chains. Due to the sensitive nature of the data, the paper does not present data mining results per se, and data and analyses results are obscured when necessary. Instead, the focus of the paper is on how data mining and analytics are used to support supply chain management.
Information Literacy in Higher Education: A review and case study

The aim of this article is to review and critique the current state of information literacy education, and propose a way forward. Key developments in the UK, USA and Australia are reviewed, including standards and models of information literacy. The place of information literacy in the higher education curriculum is discussed. Problems with current practice are identified, in particular, prescriptive guidelines which encourage a surface learning approach; delivery by librarians who may lack both educational training and power to influence the curriculum; and poor assessment methods. Alternative approaches are highlighted. A case study of a credit bearing information literacy class, offered by the authors to undergraduates at Strathclyde Business School, is analysed, to argue that information literacy can stand alone as a subject of study, with appropriate learning and teaching methods. The article concludes by proposing models for the information literate student and the information literate university.
Recognition of U-rich RNA by Hfq from the Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

Hfq is a post-transcriptional regulator that binds U- and A-rich regions of sRNAs and their target mRNAs to stimulate their annealing in order to effect translation regulation and, often, to alter their stability. The functional importance of Hfq and its RNA-binding properties are relatively well understood in Gram-negative bacteria, whereas less is known about the RNA-binding properties of this riboregulator in Gram-positive species. Here, we describe the structure of Hfq from the Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in its RNA-free form and in complex with a U6 oligoribonucleotide. As expected, the protein takes the canonical hexameric toroidal shape of all other known Hfq structures. The U6 RNA binds on the “proximal face” in a pocket formed by conserved residues Q9, N42, F43, and K58. Additionally residues G5 and Q6 are involved in protein-nucleic and inter-subunit contacts that promote uracil specificity. Unlike Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) Hfq, Lm Hfq requires magnesium to bind U6 with high affinity. In contrast, the longer oligo-uridine, U16, binds Lm Hfq tightly in the presence or absence of magnesium, thereby suggesting the importance of additional residues on the proximal face and possibly the lateral rim in RNA interaction. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence quenching (TFQ) studies reveal, surprisingly, that Lm Hfq can bind (GU)3G and U6 on its proximal and distal faces, indicating a less stringent adenine-nucleotide specificity site on the distal face as compared to the Gram-positive Hfq proteins from Sa and Bacillus subtilis and suggesting as yet uncharacterized RNA-binding modes on both faces.
Rapid Prototyping of Form-driven Dialogue Systems Using an Open-source Framework

Most human-machine communication for information access through speech, text and graphical interfaces are mediated by forms – i.e. lists of named ﬁelds. However, deploying form-ﬁlling dialogue systems still remains a challenging task due to the effort and skill required to author such systems. We describe an extension to the OpenDial framework that enables the rapid creation of functional dialogue systems by non-experts. The dialogue designer speciﬁes the slots and their types as input and the tool generates a domain speciﬁcation that drives a slot-ﬁlling dialogue system. The presented approach provides several beneﬁts compared to traditional techniques based on ﬂowcharts, such as the use of probabilistic reasoning and ﬂexible grounding strategies.
In patients with suspected acute stroke, CT perfusion-based cerebral blood flow maps cannot substitute for DWI in measuring the ischemic core

Background Neuroimaging may guide acute stroke treatment by measuring the volume of brain tissue in the irreversibly injured “ischemic core. ” The most widely accepted core volume measurement technique is diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI). However, some claim that measuring regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) with CT perfusion imaging (CTP), and labeling tissue below some threshold as the core, provides equivalent estimates. We tested whether any threshold allows reliable substitution of CBF for DWI. Methods 58 patients with suspected stroke underwent DWI and CTP within six hours of symptom onset. A neuroradiologist outlined DWI lesions. In CBF maps, core pixels were defined by thresholds ranging from 0%-100% of normal, in 1% increments. Replicating prior studies, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to select thresholds that optimized sensitivity and specificity in predicting DWI-positive pixels, first using only pixels on the side of the brain where infarction was clinically suspected (“unilateral” method), then including both sides (“bilateral”). We quantified each method and threshold’s accuracy in estimating DWI volumes, using sums of squared errors (SSE). For the 23 patients with follow-up studies, we assessed whether CBF-derived volumes inaccurately exceeded follow-up infarct volumes. Results The areas under the ROC curves were 0.89 (unilateral) and 0.90 (bilateral). Various metrics selected optimum CBF thresholds ranging from 29%-32%, with sensitivities of 0.79–0.81, and specificities of 0.83–0.85. However, for the unilateral and bilateral methods respectively, volume estimates derived from all CBF thresholds above 28% and 22% were less accurate than disregarding imaging and presuming every patient’s core volume to be zero. The unilateral method with a 30% threshold, which recent clinical trials have employed, produced a mean core overestimation of 65 mL (range: –82–191), and exceeded follow-up volumes for 83% of patients, by up to 191 mL. Conclusion CTP-derived CBF maps cannot substitute for DWI in measuring the ischemic core.
In Vitro Comparison of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Three Vital Pulp Capping Materials

Introduction: Direct pulp capping (DPC) is a treatment for maintaining pulp vitality and its biological function. Ideally, pulp capping agents are expected to induce pulp cells to form hard tissue. This in vitro study assessed the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three vital pulp capping (VPC) agents naming Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France), mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA) and TheraCal LC (Bisco Inc, Schamburg, IL, USA) on human dental pulp fibroblasts. Methods and Materials: Human fibroblasts were exposed to 100 µL of ProRoot MTA, TheraCal LC and Biodentine in 0-1000 µg/mL concentrations and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were assessed using the methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and the comet assays, respectively. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test at the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: None of the tested materials had cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. Conclusion: TheraCal LC, Biodentine and ProRoot MTA can be alternately used for VPC treatment of teeth.
Threshold for Onset of Injury in Chinook Salmon from Exposure to Impulsive Pile Driving Sounds

The risk of effects to fishes and other aquatic life from impulsive sound produced by activities such as pile driving and seismic exploration is increasing throughout the world, particularly with the increased exploitation of oceans for energy production. At the same time, there are few data that provide insight into the effects of these sounds on fishes. The goal of this study was to provide quantitative data to define the levels of impulsive sound that could result in the onset of barotrauma to fish. A High Intensity Controlled Impedance Fluid filled wave Tube was developed that enabled laboratory simulation of high-energy impulsive sound that were characteristic of aquatic far-field, plane-wave acoustic conditions. The sounds used were based upon the impulsive sounds generated by an impact hammer striking a steel shell pile. Neutrally buoyant juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were exposed to impulsive sounds and subsequently evaluated for barotrauma injuries. Observed injuries ranged from mild hematomas at the lowest sound exposure levels to organ hemorrhage at the highest sound exposure levels. Frequency of observed injuries were used to compute a biological response weighted index (RWI) to evaluate the physiological impact of injuries at the different exposure levels. As single strike and cumulative sound exposure levels (SELss, SELcum respectively) increased, RWI values increased. Based on the results, tissue damage associated with adverse physiological costs occurred when the RWI was greater than 2. In terms of sound exposure levels a RWI of 2 was achieved for 1920 strikes by 177 dB re 1 µPa2⋅s SELss yielding a SELcum of 210 dB re 1 µPa2⋅s, and for 960 strikes by 180 dB re 1 µPa2⋅s SELss yielding a SELcum of 210 dB re 1 µPa2⋅s. These metrics define thresholds for onset of injury in juvenile Chinook salmon.
Type 2 Diabetes: RENAAL and IDNT—The Emergence of New Treatment Options

The Reduction in End Points in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) study and the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) are two recently reported trials with hard end points, conducted in patients in advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy. Two other studies—the Irbesartan Microalbuminuria Study (IRMA)‐2 and the Microalbuminuria Reduction with Valsartan study (MARVAL)—were trials conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria, a cardiovascular risk factor associated with early‐stage diabetic nephropathy. These trials all had a common theme—that is, does an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) interfere with the natural history of diabetic nephropathy in a blood pressure‐independent fashion? Without question, the results of these trials legitimatize the use of the ARB class in forestalling the deterioration in renal function, which is almost inevitable in the patient with untreated diabetic nephropathy. These data can now be added to the vast array of evidence supporting angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use in patients with nephropathy associated with type 1 diabetes. It now appears a safe conclusion that the patient with diabetic nephropathy should receive therapy with an agent that interrupts the renin‐angiotensin system. These studies have not resolved the question as to whether an ACE inhibitor or an ARB is the preferred agent in people with nephropathy from type 1 diabetes, though the optimal doses of these drugs remain to be determined. Head‐to‐head studies comparing ACE inhibitors to ARBs in diabetic nephropathy are not likely to occur, so it is unlikely that comparable information will be forthcoming with ACE inhibitors. An evidence‐based therapeutic approach derived from these trials would argue for ARBs to be the foundation of therapy in the patient with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.
DSM‐5 OBSESSIVE‐COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF NEW CRITERIA

For the publication of DSM‐5, obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) was the subject of significant revisions to its classification and diagnostic criteria. One of these significant changes was the placement of OCD in a new category, “Obsessive‐Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs),” which also includes body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), trichotillomania (hair‐pulling disorder), excoriation (skin‐picking) disorder, hoarding disorder, substance/medication‐induced OCRD, OCRD due to another medical condition, and other specified OCRDs. Changes in the diagnostic criteria and grouping of these disorders may have significant clinical implications, and will be reviewed in this article.
CONDITIONS OF BIRTH, AND DISEASE AND INJURY DURING YEARS OF GROWTH AMONG INMATES OF YOUTH PRISONS, COMPARED WITH SUBJECTS MATCHED FOR SEX, AGE AND PLACE OF BIRTH

Material The original subjects consisted of all the male inmates of youth prisons paroled for the first time in 1951 after having been interned for at least one year, a total of 128 persons, born 1928 to 1932. They came from all over Sweden, but more of them were from urban than ruraI areas. They were convicted mainly for offences against property, and most of them had been under the supervision of child welfare offices or law courts before they were imprisoned, because of antisocial conduct.
[Effector mechanisms of IgA].

Like all immunoglobulins (Ig), IgA has a double function: recognition of the antigen, situated in the Fab alpha fragments, and effector functions which allow elimination of the antigen (Ag), carried by the Fc alpha fragment. Secretory IgA ( IgAs ) is the principal Ig of external secretions and mucosae and has a different structure and composition from serum IgA. Its external function of protection against various forms of bacterial and viral aggression has been well established. Its general mechanism is "the immune exclusion of antigens" i.e. prevention of the penetration of the Ag into the organism by confining them to external secretions followed by elimination. The elimination of bacteria is facilitated by the immobilization and agglutination by IgA. Sometimes, with the aid of lysozyme, IgAs can be bacteriolytic. Antibacterial IgAs have a bacteriostatic function in synergy with lactoferrin and/or transferrin; they even reduce the bacterial production of siderophores. IgAs can inhibit bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells and can increase their adherence to mucus. The neutralization of viruses by IgA is due to inhibition of the first stage of infection, attachment and intracellular penetration of the virus. The same mechanism is involved in the neutralization of bacterial toxins. IgAs also decrease intestinal absorption of foreign proteins in the diet. It has been reported that antibacterial IgAs can cause certain bacteria to lose a plasmid which determines their infectivity. IgAs are able to protect themselves by neutralizing IgA1-proteases secreted by certain bacteria found on mucosal surfaces. Plasma IgA has a limited internal action compared to IgM or IgG. It is generally accepted that IgA barely activates complement (C) by the classical pathway and minimally opsonizes Ag for mono- and polymorphonuclear phagocytes. Antibacterial IgA are not bactericidal in the presence of complement and do not facilitate the phagocytosis of the bacteria to which they are attached. Certain unfavourable effector functions have even been described, such as a specific inhibition of complement fixation and bacterial lysis by IgM and IgG. Some IgA may non-specifically inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis as well as their bactericidal and phagocytic activities. It is difficult to believe that IgA, the second Ig (in quantity) in human serum, is simply useless or even harmful. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The relationship between career plateauing, employee commitment and psychological distress: the role of organizational and supervisor support

This research examines the role played by an employee's supervisor and organization in the relationship between structural and content plateauing, affective commitment to the organization, and psychological distress. Our analyses, based on data taken from a sample of 575 hospital employees, reveal that there is a significant relationship between the two forms of plateauing and perceived supervisor support, whereas only hierarchical plateauing is related to perceived organizational support. Our results also highlight the mediating effect of perceived organizational support in the relationship between hierarchical plateauing, perceived supervisor support, and the consequences examined.
3D/inkjet-printed origami antennas for multi-direction RF harvesting

A system design is presented for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting on wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes, where all electronics reside inside a 3D structure and the antennas lie on the surfaces of it. Additive manufacturing techniques are used for the packaging and antenna fabrication: A 3D-printed cross-shaped structure is built that folds to a cuboid in an “origami” fashion and retains its shape at room temperature. Inkjet printing is used to directly fabricate antennas on the surfaces of the 3D-printed plastic, enabling a fully additive manufacturing of the structure. Multiple antennas on the cube's surfaces can be used for RF energy harvesting of signals arriving from totally orthogonal directions, with the use of an appropriate harvester. The system modules (cube, antenna, harvester) are described and characterized, offering a proof-of-concept for the combination of fabrication techniques to build systems for demanding RF applications.
Uprooting and Rerooting Higher-Order Graphical Models

The idea of uprooting and rerooting graphical models was introduced specifically for binary pairwise models by Weller (2016) as a way to transform a model to any of a whole equivalence class of related models, such that inference on any one model yields inference results for all others. This is very helpful since inference, or relevant bounds, may be much easier to obtain or more accurate for some model in the class. Here we introduce methods to extend the approach to models with higher-order potentials and develop theoretical insights. In particular, we show that the triplet-consistent polytope TRI is unique in being `universally rooted'. We demonstrate empirically that rerooting can significantly improve accuracy of methods of inference for higher-order models at negligible computational cost.
Effect of Age on Recovery from Remifentanil Anaesthesia

In a prospective, randomized study, the effect of age on recovery from remifentanil anaesthesia was evaluated. Twenty consecutive patients classified as ASA 1 and 2 and having elective laparotomy were recruited to one of two groups based on age (Group 1 age <60 y and Group 2 age >60 y). Remifentanil boluses and infusion were used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Dosage was titrated against clinical response to perioperative stimulation and the infusion was terminated at the end of the operation. Time intervals between termination of remifentanil infusion and 1) spontaneous respiration, 2) adequate respiration, 3) eye opening, 4) limb movement, 5) extubation, 6) Aldrete score >9, 7) discharge to recovery room and 8) discharge to the ward were recorded. Patient controlled analgesia with morphine was used for postoperative pain control. Student's t test was used to compare the differences in these time intervals between Groups 1 and 2. AP value <0.05 was taken as significant. We found that the younger age group regained spontaneous respiration (0.8±0.7 min vs 3.2±3.6 min), adequate respiration (3.4±3.7 min vs 7.6±5.8 min), opened their eyes (0.9±1.0 min vs 3.6±4.4 min), had their endotracheal tubes removed (5.0±4.6 min vs 9.0±6.5 min) and were discharged to recovery room (8.8±4.3 min vs 14.5±7.1 min) earlier than their older counterparts. In conclusion, age was a co-variate for recovery from remifentanil anaesthesia.