Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Dynamic Wireless Charging System with the Speed of Electric Vehicles

In today’s world, the reputation of electric vehicles is gaining great momentum for widespread use in transport systems. The requirement for charging EVs demand a massive charging infrastructure deployment. To supplement the expansion of charging infrastructure the dynamic wireless charging (DWC) system is a positive option. The DWC system is intended for charging the vehicle while it is moving on the road. In this paper, the performance evaluation of the DWC system for the electric vehicle is carried out under the consideration of the varied speed of the vehicle. As the DWC concept abides with the moving vehicle in the process of power transfer, there is a wide range of variations in the system parameters that significantly affect the performance. To understand and better evaluate the performance of the DWC system in a comprehensive way with the help of a simulation study. Further, the obtained efficiency of the system is preserved by specifying the speed range limitations.
Image Based Sentiment Analysis using Bayesian Networks and Deep Learning

The automated recognition of facial emotions is a challenging task that has recently attracted much logical attention. However, the topic of feeling acknowledged by a group of people has received less attention. However, the vast amount of information available on person-to-person communication websites, including images of crowds of people traveling to various get-togethers, is slowly gaining popularity. However, image-based sentiment analysis is a challenging subject due to challenges such as change in the head and body position, occlusions, other lighting conditions, actor fluctuations, various indoor and outdoor situations, and picture quality. This study tries to categorize felt emotions as Positive, Neutral, or Negative for individuals or a group of individuals. This study presents a Deep Learning model and Bayesian classifiers-based approach to picture sentiment analysis. The model’s 77.58 percent accuracy is in line with the most recent findings.
A Study of Recognition Method of Curved Surface Reflector Code by LiDAR

In recent years, the convenience of road transportation has been remarkably improved by the spread of automobiles. However, there are problems of frequent traffic accidents and traffic congestions, and ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) has been actively researched to solve these problems. ITS has several elements such as inter-vehicle communication, roadside-to-vehicle communication, and autonomous sensing with cameras and ladars. We propose a new autonomous sensing that uses infrared laser radar to detect reflector code on the roadside strip and acquire information. Infrared laser radar mounted on a vehicle scans the reflector code of the roadside strip while the vehicle is in motion. However, conventional methods have problems such as low speeds at which the vehicle can be scanned and decreased recognition accuracy as the vehicle speed increases. To solve these problems, this paper proposes to use LiDAR as a scanning device to improve vehicle speed and recognition accuracy. The intensity of the 3D point cloud data obtained by LiDAR can be used to discriminate the kind of reflectors. In the performance evaluation, we have confirmed that scanning at 30 km/h is possible. In the performance evaluation of recognition accuracy, we have confirmed that it can recognize the reflector code completely.
Multi lane detection, curve fitting and lane type classification

An advance driver assistance system has been proven to be effective in reducing vehicle accidents. For autonomous driving cars continuous navigation of the road is the most desired functionality. Such systems help to avoid road accidents and increase driver safety by alerting the driver prior to road scenarios. A key feature in self or autonomous driving vehicles is detecting the lane and lane type on the road. Where lane detection is the process of detecting the lanes and providing information on lanes (lane location, lane type and shape). The job of this system is to detect the lane and point out that to the driver so that the driver will be aware of upcoming complicated scenarios such as lane changes. The main objective of this work is to address the challenges faced by lane detection and minimize them. (Such as complex lighting, no lane, shadow occlusion). Our work will help to detect various lanes and distinguish them as continuous, double-dashed and dashed lane types. In this work, a deep neural network called Lane-net is used for lane detection. Image segmentation processes included in this work is Instance segmentation. Segmented data points obtained from lane detection are annotated and processed by a curve fitting mechanism. Lane detection is performed on the TUsimple dataset that supports day, night, and traffic environments. Further, the work continues distinguishing double solid, dashed solid and zigzag lane types. The lanes detected from image segmentation are further classified into continuous, dashed and double dashed lane types.
A Simple Prototype for Ambient Backscatter Communication with Multiple Reflecting Elements

In this paper, we present a simple working prototype for multiple reflecting elements-equipped ambient backscattering communication (ABC) systems. The setup consists of a light source, which serves as an ambient source, a set of reflecting mirrors with different intensities which serve as antennas on a tag or as multiple tags, and a photoresistor, which serves as a receiver. The tag achieves ABC with the receiver by reflecting the ambient source with the help of servo motors. Further, we present a simple technique for symbol detection and tabulate the performance of our system under different ambient noise conditions and signal strength levels, in terms of the bit error rate. We demonstrate the working principle of our construct with one bit transmission per time frame (binary) and two transmitted bits per frame (quaternary).
Nonparametric state estimation of diffusion processes

The paper presents a method for estimating nonparametrically the states of one-dimensional diffusion processes. Once certain nuisance parameters have been estimated from the time series, states of a diffusion process can be estimated by the Kalman filter algorithm, so that the method is also useful for filtering and smoothing the states of the process. Numerical comparison of the method with the case of fitting a linear model to data shows that the method is clearly superior in terms of prediction errors. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2002, Oxford University Press.
Proton decay in supersymmetric grand unified theories

The instability of the proton is a crucial prediction of supersymmetric GUTs, and the long-lasting search for proton decay makes it possible to constrain such models. We consider the decay in minimal supersymmetric SU(5), which is dominated by dimension-five operators, and analyze the implications of the failure of Yukawa unification for the decay rate. In a consistent SU(5) model with higher dimensional operators, where SU(5) relations among Yukawa couplings hold, the proton decay rate can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the present experimental bound. We extend the operator analysis to SO(10) as well. Finally, we discuss a 6D SO(10) orbifold GUT model, where proton decay is mediated by dimension-six operators. The branching ratios differ significantly from those in four dimensions. Protonenzerfall in supersymmetrischen vereinheitlichten Theorien
Practical expressions describing detective quantum efficiency in flat-panel detectors

In radiology, image quality excellence is a balance between system performance and patient dose, hence x-ray systems must be designed to ensure the maximum image quality is obtained for the lowest consistent dose. The concept of detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is widely used to quantify, understand, measure, and predict the performance of x-ray detectors and imaging systems. Cascaded linear-systems theory can be used to estimate DQE based on the system design parameters and this theoretical DQE can be utilized for determining the impact of various physical processes, such as secondary quantum sinks, noise aliasing, reabsorption noise, and others. However, the prediction of DQE usually requires tremendous efforts to determine each parameter consisting of the cascaded linear-systems model. In this paper, practical DQE formalisms assessing both the photoconductor- and scintillator-based flat-panel detectors under quantum-noise-limited operation are described. The developed formalisms are experimentally validated and discussed for their limits. The formalisms described in this paper would be helpful for the rapid prediction of the DQE performances of developing systems as well as the optimal design of systems.
Computing Maxwell eigenvalues by using higher order edge elements in three dimensions

We use recently proposed hierarchic basis functions and a tetrahedral partitioning to compute Maxwell eigenvalues on a bounded polygonal domain in /spl Ropf//sup 3/, using a p-version finite-element procedure based on edge elements. The problem formulation requires a set of basis functions that are H(curl)-conforming and another compatible set that is H/sup 1/-conforming. In this preliminary study, we employ a uniform order of approximation throughout the domain.
Comparison of remote and direct plasma silicon nitride

SiN (silicon nitride) deposited by a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) system is a more and more common method to combine ARC (antireflection coating) with surface and bulk passivation. At this moment two types of commercial industrial PECVD systems are most common: a direct plasma parallel plate reactor and a remote plasma system. For the latter the plasma activation is located remote from the wafers to avoid a possible surface damage. For mc Si the hydrogen passivation is of great importance whereas on CZ wafers this effect is negligible. Therefore we used both materials and performed a preliminary comparison of these systems. On 5" mc wafers mean efficiencies of 15.3% and on alkaline textured 5" pseudo square CZ wafers 16.9% were reached using a standard screen printing process. Together with the other characterisation methods (dark IV, SR-LBIC, reflectivity) the IV data reveal that remote and direct plasma SiN lead to comparable results.
Anisotropic spin system, quantized Dirac monopole and the Berry phase

The Berry phase, acquired by an anisotropic spin system with spin J≥1 when it is adiabatically rotated in a closed circuit, is considered to be associated with a non-quantized Dirac monopole, and has a geometrical as well as a topological component owing to the Dirac string. Here, it is argued that the Berry phase of a spin state with J≥1 can be associated with a quantized Dirac monopole when the corresponding spin is taken to be an entangled state of a composite system of 1/2 spins. Evidently, this avoids the contribution of the Dirac string, and the Berry phase is purely geometrical in nature.
Understanding the Variability of Z-R Relationships Caused by Natural Variations in Raindrop Size Distributions (DSD): Implication of Drop Size and Number

In the issue of rainfall estimation by radar through the necessary relationship between radar reflectivity Z and rain rate R (Z-R), the main limitation is attributed to the variability of this relationship. Indeed, several pre-vious studies have shown the great variability of this relationship in space and time, from a rainfall event to another and even within a single rainfall event. Recent studies have shown that the variability of raindrop size distributions and thereby Z-R relationships is therefore, more the result of complex dynamic, thermody-namic and microphysical processes within rainfall systems than a convective/stratiform classification of the ground rainfall signature. The raindrop number and size at ground being the resultant of various processes mentioned above, a suitable approach would be to analyze their variability in relation to that of Z-R relation-ship. In this study, we investigated the total raindrop concentration number NT and the median volume di-ameter D0 used in numerous studies, and have shown that the combination of these two ‘observed’ parame-ters appears to be an interesting approach to better understand the variability of the Z-R relationships in the rainfall events, without assuming a certain analytical raindrop size distribution model (exponential, gamma, or log-normal). The present study is based on the analysis of disdrometer data collected at different seasons and places in Africa, and aims to show the degree of the raindrop size and number implication in regard to the Z-R relationships variability.
Coherent High-Resolution Ultrasound Reflection Mode CT Imaging

Method A coherent ultrasound reflection mode CT imaging method has been developed to image small, 10 mm x 10 mm, areas in objects such as liver. Since we use only a single radial scan and straight-line CT reconstruction, the processing time and computer as well as hardware requirements are reduced considerably compared to those of ordinary transmission or reflection CT. The main limitation of the method is the need for correction for speed variations in intervening medium. This is done by tracing "brightest" sinusoids in the Radon space of the data to obtain estimates of the time shifts. Images of simulated objects, real phantoms, and liver specimens are presented and compared to images obtained by compound B-scans from the same objects. These images show that the resolution of the imaging method is about 0.3 mm using a commercial 3.5 MHz medium focused transducer.
Start-up flows in a three-dimensional rectangular driven cavity of aspect ratio 1:1:2 at Re = 1000

This paper provides comparisons between experimental data and numerical results for impulsively started flows in a three-dimensional rectangular lid-driven cavity of aspect ratio 1:1:2 at Reynolds number 1000. The initial evolution of this flow is studied up to the dimensionless time t = 12 and is found both experimentally and numerically to exhibit high sensitivity to geometrical perturbations. Three different flow developments generated by very small changes in the boundary geometry are found in the experiments and are reproduced by the numerics. This indicates that even at moderate Reynolds numbers the predictability of three-dimensional incompressible viscous flows in bounded regions requires controlling the shape of the boundary and the values of the boundary conditions more carefully than needed in two dimensions.
The structure of jets of water and polymer solution in air

Jets of water and of poly(ethylene oxide) solutions discharging in air were photographed using a novel image-motion compensating camera. Spray droplet formation is inhibited by low concentration polymer solutions. The effect of the polymer is to reduce, dampen, or eliminate small-scale surface disturbances in the jet, while not reducing but even amplifying larger scale motions. The initial laminar zone present in the jet efflux with water is eliminated with trace quantities of polymer. When substantial quantities of polymer are present (200 p.p.m.), the jet breakup is accompanied by filament formation linking all the drops together.
A new automatic hexahedral mesher based on cutting

A new method is presented leading to a 20‐node brick element mesh for an arbitrary structure based on a triangulation of the structure's surface. Starting from a hexahedral master mesh encompassing the structure, the elements which are intersected by the triangulation are determined, cut and remeshed. The resulting hexahedral mesh can be tied to the underlying elements by multiple point constraints or can be continued throughout the complete structure leading to a pure 20‐node brick mesh. Several examples show the effectiveness of the method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability and bifurcations in stratified Taylor–Couette flow

In this article we present new experimental and theoretical results which were obtained for the flow between two concentric cylinders, with the inner one rotating and in the presence of an axial, stable density stratification. This system is characterized by two control parameters: one destabilizing, the rotation rate of the inner cylinder; and the other stabilizing, the stratification. Two oscillatory linear stability analyses assuming axisymmetric flow conditions are presented. First an eigenmode linear stability analysis is performed, using the small-gap approximation. The solutions obtained give insight into the instability mechanisms and indicate the existence of a confined internal gravity wave mode at the onset of instability. In the second stability analysis, only diffusion is neglected, predicting accurately the instability threshold as well as the critical pulsation for all the stratifications used in the experiments. Experiments show that the basic, purely azimuthal flow (circular Couette flow) is destabilized through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation to an oscillatory flow of confined internal gravity waves, in excellent agreement with the linear stability analysis. The secondary bifurcation, which takes the system to a pattern of drifting non-axisymmetric vortices, is a saddle-node bifurcation. The proposed bifurcation diagram shows a global bifurcation, and explains the discrepancies between previous experimental and numerical results. For slightly larger values of the rotation rate, weakly turbulent spectra are obtained, indicating an early appearance of weak turbulence: stationary structures and defects coexist. Moreover, in this regime, there is a large distribution of structure sizes. Visualizations of the next regime exhibit constant-wavelength structures and fluid exchange between neighbouring cells, similar to wavy vortices. Their existence is explained by a simple energy argument. The generalization of the bifurcation diagram to hydrodynamic systems with one destabilizing and one stabilizing control parameter is discussed. A qualitative argument is derived to discriminate between oscillatory and stationary onset of instability in the general case.
Renormalization group theory, the epsilon expansion and Ken Wilson as I knew him

The tasks posed for renormalization group theory (RGT) within statistical physics by critical phenomena theory in the 1960's are set out briefly in contradistinction to quantum field theory (QFT), which was the origin for Ken Wilson's concerns. Kadanoff's 1966 block spin scaling picture and its difficulties are presented; Wilson's early vision of flows is described from the author's perspective. How Wilson's subsequent breakthrough ideas, published in 1971, led to the epsilon expansion and the resulting clarity is related. Concluding sections complete the general picture of flows in a space of Hamiltonians, universality and scaling. The article represents a 40% condensation (but with added items) of an earlier account: Rev. Mod. Phys.70, 653–681 (1998).
High-resolution SPECT using multi-pinhole collimation

We present a novel SPECT imaging technique for small animal research based on multi-pinhole collimation. This new method is an extension of single-pinhole tomography and combines high-resolution with increased system sensitivity. This paper describes the multi-pinhole imaging system and its characterization on simulated and measured phantom data.
Insulin Infusion Dosing in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

OBJECTIVES: In children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), insulin infusions are the mainstay of treatment; however, optimal dosing remains unclear. Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of different insulin infusion doses for the treatment of pediatric DKA. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane from inception to April 1, 2022. STUDY SELECTION: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of children with DKA comparing intravenous insulin infusion administered at 0.05 units/kg/hr (low dose) versus 0.1 units/kg/hr (standard dose). DATA EXTRACTION: We extracted data independently and in duplicate and pooled using a random effects model. We assessed the overall certainty of evidence for each outcome using the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. DATA SYNTHESIS: We included four RCTs (n = 190 participants). In children with DKA, low-dose compared with standard-dose insulin infusion probably has no effect on time to resolution of hyperglycemia (mean difference [MD], 0.22 hr fewer; 95% CI, 1.19 hr fewer to 0.75 hr more; moderate certainty), or time to resolution of acidosis (MD, 0.61 hr more; 95% CI, 1.81 hr fewer to 3.02 hr more; moderate certainty). Low-dose insulin infusion probably decreases the incidence of hypokalemia (relative risk [RR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.89; moderate certainty) and hypoglycemia (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.80; moderate certainty), but may have no effect on rate of change of blood glucose (MD, 0.42 mmol/L/hr slower; 95% CI, 1 mmol/L/hr slower to 0.18 mmol/L/hr faster; low certainty). CONCLUSIONS: In children with DKA, the use of low-dose insulin infusion is probably as efficacious as standard-dose insulin, and probably reduces treatment-related adverse events. Imprecision limited the certainty in the outcomes of interest, and the generalizability of the results is limited by all studies being performed in a single country.
Early Performance of the Patients Over Paperwork Initiative among Family Medicine Physicians

Clinician burnout has become an issue that has spurred research to identify the drivers of burnout and to develop interventions to address its sources. One identified driver of burnout is documentation burden, which is more pronounced among family medicine physicians. To help address this, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services implemented the Patients Over Paperwork (POP) initiative to reduce and streamline documentation requirements. To date, no study has investigated the impact of POP among family medicine physicians. This article assessed the impact of POP among family medicine physicians when controlling for other factors. Abstract Objectives In 2019, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services began implementing the Patients Over Paperwork (POP) initiative in response to clinicians reporting burdensome documentation regulations. To date, no study has evaluated how these policy changes have influenced documentation burden. Methods Our data came from the electronic health records of an academic health system. Using quantile regression models, we assessed the association between the implementation of POP and clinical documentation word count using data from family medicine physicians in an academic health system from January 2017 to May 2021 inclusive. Studied quantiles included the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles. We controlled for patient-level (race/ethnicity, primary language, age, comorbidity burden), visit-level (primary payer, level of clinical decision making involved, whether a visit was done through telemedicine, whether a visit was for a new patient), and physician-level (sex) characteristics. Results We found that the POP initiative was associated with lower word counts across all of the quantiles. In addition, we found lower word counts among notes for private payers and telemedicine visits. Conversely, higher word counts were observed in notes that were written by female physicians, notes for new patient visits, and notes involving patients with greater comorbidity burden. Conclusions Our initial evaluation suggests that documentation burden, as measured by word count, has declined over time, particularly following implementation of the POP in 2019. Additional research is needed to see whether the same occurs when examining other medical specialties, clinician types, and longer evaluation periods.