Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond optical pulses

Recent advances in generation, amplification, compression, and frequency broadening of femtosecond optical pulses are reviewed. We describe use of colliding pulse mode locking to generate pulses of 65 fs duration and pulse compression to reduce those pulse durations to 30 fs. Amplification of femtosecond pulses to gigawatt powers and frequency broadening to obtain white light continuum pulses while retaining femtosecond pulse durations are also examined.
Radiotherapy of the Primary Disease for Synchronous Metastatic Cancer: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary Local radiation treatment of the main tumors in patients with synchronous metastatic illness has traditionally only been used for palliative purposes. The management of patients with de novo metastatic cancer is undergoing a revolution with the advent of new systemic therapies enabling longer overall survival with enhanced quality of life. Numerous studies have looked into the potential survival advantage of treating localized primary tumors at the oligometastatic or oligopersistent stage. Abstract In the case of synchronous metastatic disease, the local treatment of primary tumors by radiotherapy has long been reserved for palliative indications. The emergence of the concept of oligometastatic and oligopersistent diseases, the advent of new systemic therapies enabling longer overall survival with an enhanced quality of life, a better understanding of the biologic history of metastatic spread, and technical advances in radiation therapy are revolutionizing the management of patients with de novo metastatic cancer. The prognosis of these patients has been markedly improved and many studies have investigated the survival benefits from the local treatment of various primary tumors in cases of advanced disease at the time of diagnosis or in the case of oligopersistence. This article provides an update on the place of irradiation of the primary tumor in cancer with synchronous metastases, and discusses its interest through published or ongoing trials.
Chapter 11: Data Validation, Analysis, and Applications for Fusion Plasmas

Abstract Principal techniques and trends in the validation and analysis of data in magnetic fusion research are described and examples of applications are given. Well-established methods to obtain key physical quantities are outlined, as well as newer techniques employing integrated analysis of multiple diagnostics to improve quality and extract additional information from the data. Plasma control, confinement scaling, and transport studies, including model validation and development, are presented as important examples of applications of validated data. Finally, aspects essential to successful operation of future devices, which bring challenges due to a harsher environment for diagnostics, increased real-time requirements, and a geographically more distributed user community, are highlighted.
An incremental energy minimization state update algorithm for 3D phenomenological internal‐variable SMA constitutive models based on isotropic flow potentials

An incremental energy minimization approach for the solution of the constitutive equations of 3D phenomenological models for shape memory alloys (SMA) is presented. A robust algorithm for the solution of the resulting nonsmooth constrained minimization problem is devised, without introducing any regularization in the dissipation or chemical terms. The proposed algorithm is based on a thorough detection of the singularities relevant to the incremental energy formulation, in conjunction with a Newton–Raphson method equipped with a Wolfe line search dealing with regular solutions. The saturation constraint on the transformation strain is treated by means of an active set strategy, thus avoiding any need for a two‐stage return‐mapping algorithm. A parametrization of the saturation constraint manifold is introduced, thus reducing the problem dimensionality, with improved computational performance. Finally, an efficient algorithm for the computation of the dissipation function in terms of Haigh–Westergaard invariants is presented, allowing for a quite general choice of deviatoric transformation functions. Numerical results confirm the robustness and consistency of the proposed state update algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discrete logarithm problem over composite modulus

Recently, many applications of integer theory to cryptographic techniques have been observed. The discrete logarithm problem is one such case. Usually, the discrete logarithm problem is the determination of the logarithm for the given arbitrary element with a prime number as the modulus. However, the discrete logarithm problem can also be considered with a composite number as the modulus. It is anticipated that the discrete logarithm problem with a composite number as the modulus is a difficult problem if the prime factors of the composite number, which is used as the modulus, are unknown. Then the problem can be applied to the cryptography. In the general discrete logarithm problem with a composite number as the modulus, it is not always true that an arbitrary element has a logarithm. From such a viewpoint, this paper shows that the exponent of an arbitrary element belonging to the irreducible residue class with a composite number as the modulus has a logarithm. Then the necessary condition in the application to the cryptographic technique is presented. Finally, as an application example of the technique proposed in this paper, a cryptographic technique based on the discrete logarithm problem with the composite number as the modulus is shown.
Optical Systems with Resolving Powers Exceeding the Classical Limit

The fundamental invariant of an optical system is the number N of degrees of freedom of the message it can transmit. The spatial bandwidth of the system can be increased over the classical limit by reducing one of the other constituent factors of N. As examples of this invariance theorem N=const. established in Part I of this series [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.56, 1463 ( 1966)], we discuss (a) a system whose spatial-bandwidth increase is achieved by a proportional reduction of its temporal bandwidth, and (b) the airborne synthetic-aperture, terrain-mapping radar, whose spatial resolution comes from exploitation of the temporal degrees of freedom of the received signal. The increase of the spatial bandwidth beyond the classical limit is, however, limited by the appearance of evanescent waves.The number of degrees of freedom of the object wave field stored in a hologram is discussed. The storage capacity of the photographic plate, which is proportional to its size times its spatial cutoff frequency, is fully exploited only by single-sideband Fraunhofer but not by single-sideband Fresnel holograms.
Research on fast clustering privacy protection of mixed data based on blockchain

: In the actual production environment, a large number of data sets to be protected are non-single type attribute data sets, that is, mixed data sets.In view of the above problems, this project proposes a fast clustering privacy protection research method based on blockchain mixed data. This method is mainly for complex data types, cloud environment for different data types with different measurement method, the difference of the hybrid data set by calculation of each sample point neighborhood density and relative distance, divided into k density and relative distance far sample points as the initial clustering center, clustering, complete and upload them to block chain. For the generated clustering results, the numerical clustering centers are calculated, and the set of attribute values of non-numerical data is generated, which ensures that each user can correctly obtain the iterative process and the final clustering centers, and reduces the error rate of data.
Atomic Hydrogen in the Powerful Radio-Infrared Galaxies 4C 12.50 and 3C 433

The 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen was detected in absorption in 4C 12.50 and 3C 433, two galaxies at redshifts beyond 0.1 that have radio powers comparable to that of radio-loud quasars. The column densities of N(H I) = 2-7 x 10 to the 18th T(s) atoms/sq cm with line extents of almost 1000 km/s are indicative of large amounts of turbulent cold gas in these two systems of merging galaxies. The peculiar radio morphologies of 4C 12.50 and 3C 433 result from confinement and bending of the radio jets by the high-density ambient gas. 4C 12.50 rivals IC 4553 (Arp 220) in infrared and interstellar gas properties, and it is the best instance to study the evolutionary link between ultraluminous infrared galaxies and powerful radio galaxies. 23 refs.
Risk Assessment Using the PFDA-FMEA Integrated Method

Purpose: The paper aims to introduce risk assessment in new product development as an important activity for a successful new product launch. A practical example is presented to demonstrate the integration of tools Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Pythagorean Fuzzy Dimensional Analysis (PFDA) at new product development process, which is a machined component. Methodology/Approach: Individual steps for creating a case study were carried out: create a Subject Matter Expert (SME) team, identify product failure modes, use linguistic values to assess the FMEA, compute and obtain the PFDA-FMEA and determine the product failure modes ranking. Findings: Minimized uncertainty in the final evaluation of the FMEA and improvement in the decision-making process based on the risks already identified in the new product development process. Research Limitation/Implication: The PFDA-FMEA method was based on the risk assessment of a machined part development process. Nevertheless, this method can be used for application in many other areas of industry that require high precision in risk analysis. Originality/Value of paper: The aim of this paper is to reveal a new integrated method in which FMEA, Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets (PFS) and Dimensional Analysis (DA) are coherent in one model.
Theory of magnetic surface anisotropy and exchange effects in the Brillouin scattering of light by magnetostatic spin waves (invited)

A new theory of the Brillouin shift in the inelastic scattering of light by magnetostatic spin waves is presented. Contrary to previous work, the present calculations do include exchange effects and treat the magnetic surface anisotropy constants Ks and Kss directly rather than via the stratagem of effective volume anisotropies. The experimental data for {110} Fe on W are explained about as well by the present theory as by previous work. A detailed analysis reveals the previously unnoticed fact that the signs of Ks and Kss for (110) Fe on W are opposite to those for (110) Fe on GaAs. Some new spin‐wave modes arising from exchange are predicted and shown to occur outside the frequency range which has been investigated experimentally. A quantitative explanation is proposed for the occasional applicability of a theory based on effective volume anisotropies and zero exchange.
Nutritional Compounds to Improve Post-Exercise Recovery

The metabolic and mechanical stresses associated with muscle-fatiguing exercise result in perturbations to bodily tissues that lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), a state of fatigue involving oxidative stress and inflammation that is accompanied by muscle weakness, pain and a reduced ability to perform subsequent training sessions or competitions. This review collates evidence from previous research on a wide range of nutritional compounds that have the potential to speed up post-exercise recovery. We show that of the numerous compounds investigated thus far, only two—tart cherry and omega-3 fatty acids—are supported by substantial research evidence. Further studies are required to clarify the potential effects of other compounds presented here, many of which have been used since ancient times to treat conditions associated with inflammation and disease.
Post-reviewed Resolution of sex chromosome constitution by GISH and telomere-FISH in some species of Lepidoptera

Title Resolution of sex chromosome constitution by genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization with (TTAGG) n telomeric probe in some species of Lepidoptera Author(s) Yoshido, Atsuo; Marec, František; Sahara, Ken Citation Chromosoma, 114(3): 193-202 Issue Date 2005-07-14 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/888 Rights The original publication is available at www.springerlink. com Type article (author version) File Information Chromosoma114-3.pdf ()
Optimization Techniques for Green Layout Design in Manufacturing Industries: A Meta-Heuristic Analysis

Many research papers and much legislation has been published in recent years to control or reduce factory pollution. However, only a few articles have discussed pollution from manufacturing facilities, specifically shop floors, even though this a specific single objective problem. In this research framework, a new variant technique of the jelly fish concept adaptive salp swarm optimization (ASSO) with a familiar Lagrangian relaxation model for lowering Total Material Handling Costs (TMHC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is presented. Using the Mat Lab software and the improved ASSO, the dragon fly optimization (DFO) algorithm technique, experimental simulations of the existing and recognized design of the studied industry were performed. The simulation results were validated and compared to those of other optimization techniques such as ant bee colony (ABC), simulated annealing (SA), and genetic algorithm (GA). It was determined that the proposed methodology, ASSO, was the most efficient, resulting in 40 % reduction compared to ABC, 38 % DFO, 50 % SA, and 40 % GA in the lowest TMHC, as well as an average 20 % reduction of emission rate in green layout design. These techniques could be combined into a hybrid format for further reduction of the emission rate up to 80 %.
The Structural Relationship between Exercise Passion, Sports Confidence, and Exercise Continuation Intention for Taekwondo Players: Moderating the Effect of the Coach’s Support

This study examined the relationship between “exercise passion”, sports confidence, exercise continuation intention, and the moderating effect of the coach’s support to provide basic data for Taekwondo players and instructors. A total of 428 data items were obtained using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model analysis, and moderating effect analysis via SPSS and AMOS version 24.0. It was found that “harmony passion” had a positive effect on all variables of sports confidence. Additionally, two variables of exercise passion had a positive effect on exercise continuation intention. Furthermore, sports confidence was identified as a variable that increased the intention to continue exercising. The coach’s support played a partial role as a moderating variable for exercise passion, sports confidence, and exercise continuation intention. It was concluded that the athlete’s passion for sports and sports confidence were important variables that increased Taekwondo athletes’ exercise continuation intention. Moreover, the active support and interest of a coach who is able to meet the athlete’s needs and exercise situation are also required.
Spawning and Reproductive Potential of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) at Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia

The problem in the management of blue swimming crab (BSC) fisheries is a decrease in stock that overlaps with an increase in fishing activities. This study aimed to analyze the ratio of spawning potential (SPR), reproductive potential, and reproductive productivity of BSCs taken from the Spermonde Islands. Spawning potential was analyzed using SPR, while reproductive potential analysis used the relative proportion of data between female, berried female and the average fecundity of each class size. The results showed that the BSC in Spermonde were growth overfishing and recruitment overfishing. The SPR of the BSC was estimated to be 7%, below the biological reference point. The highest reproductive potential index of berried females occurred in the group with a carapace width of 111-120 mm which contributed 36.84% of the total egg production. The value of reproductive productivity was 1.35 indicating a productive population. Current legislation allows the capture of BSCs with carapace sizes larger than 100 mm. Based on the data of this study, this size limit has the potential to eliminate 65.92% of the total egg production in the Spermonde Islands. To ensure the sustainability of BSCs in the Spermonde Islands, it is necessary to limit size by capturing BSCs >120 mm to protect the berried female and increase total egg production.
Sapphire-anvil cell for small-angle neutron scattering measurements in large-volume liquid samples up to 530 MPa

A cell with unsupported beveled sapphire-anvils was developed to carry out small-angle neutron scattering measurements in large-volume liquid samples up to a pressure of 530 MPa. The body of the anvil is a cylinder with a 30 mm diameter. One end is shaped into a truncated cone with a face 14 mm in diameter. The two opposed anvils squeeze a flat metallic gasket of thickness between 1 and 3 mm with a central hole between 4 and 10 mm in diameter. The initial sample volume varies from about 10 to 240mm3. The highest achievable pressure depends on the dimensions and on the mechanical properties of the gasket. To allow a high neutron transmission of the collimated neutron beam, a 10-mm-diam bore is machined along the cell axis. For a neutron beam of 7 mm in diameter, the maximum forward scattering angle is about 9.5°. With a neutron wavelength of 0.4 nm, this allows scattering spectra to be recorded for wave-number transfers up to 2.6nm−1.
Some simple analytical solutions to the problem of forced equatorial long waves

This paper describes some simple time-dependent analytical solutions to the problem of a sudden ‘switch-on’ of heating localized about the equator. The equations used are the shallow water equations on the β plane under the ‘long wave approximation’. It is shown that, with a reasonable amount of dissipation, it can take several days for a steady state response to be established. In the early stages, the circulation differs considerably from that of the steady state. The long time scale for the adjustment process has implications in numerical weather prediction since it implies that if the initial data are not in balance with the model's forcing, it may take several days for a balance to be established, by which time the quasi-stationary tropical flow may have been irrevocably changed.
A Power-Efficient 20–35-GHz MZM Driver With Programmable Linearizer for Analog Photonic Links in 28-nm CMOS

Analog photonic links require linear drive of electrooptic modulators at high frequency to support emerging millimeter wave (mm-wave) communication standards. However, this is challenging due to the nonlinear distortion of commonly used Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs). This article presents the first CMOS MZM driver capable of operating over a wide 20–35-GHz frequency range with a programmable linearizer. A broadband design is achieved with a magnetically coupled resonator (MCR) technique that provides wideband impedance matching for the interstage and output-stage matching networks. Linearization is achieved with a topology consisting of inverter-based amplifier segments that provide programmable predistortion gains over the input signal regions. Fabricated in 28-nm CMOS, the driver delivers 2.5-Vpp swing to an external MZM. Operating the majority of the circuitry at 0.9 V, except for the 1.6-V output stage, allows for a power consumption of only 180 mW. The proposed programmable linearizer is able to compensate the amplitude-to-amplitude modulation (AM–AM) compression of the amplifier stages and the external MZM, extending output power 1-dB compression point ( $\text {OP}_{1~\text {dB}}$ ) of the whole radio-over-fiber (RoF) link by 3 dB and achieving 4.8-dBm third-order input intercept point (IIP3) at 25 GHz.
Hydrodynamic and boundary-layer dispersion in bidisperse porous media

The small grains in a bidisperse porous medium have the greater influence on the permeability, while the large grains are more effective in dispersing chemical tracers. We compute the dispersion induced by a dilute array of large spheres in a Brinkman medium whose permeability is determined by the radii and volume fraction of the small spheres. The effective diffusivity contains a purely hydrodynamic contribution proportional to Ua1ϕ1 and an O(Ua1ϕ1 ln (Ua1/D)) contribution from the mass transfer boundary layers near the spheres. Here, U is the mean velocity in the medium, a1 and ϕ1 are the radii and volume fraction of the large spheres and D is the molecular diffusivity. The boundary-layer dispersion is small when the Brinkman screening length κ (or square root of permeability) is much smaller than a1, but is important for κ[ges ]O(a1). Experimental results for the dispersion due to flow through a bidisperse packed bed are reported and compared with the theoretical predictions. In addition to its application to bidisperse porous media, the present calculation allows an extension of Koch & Brady's (1985) analysis of monodisperse fixed beds to include higher-order terms in the expansion for small particle volume fraction.
Analysis and computation of travelling wave solutions of bistable differential-difference equations

We consider travelling wave solutions of a class of differential-difference equations. Our interest is in understanding propagation failure, the directional dependence due to the discrete Laplacian, and the relationship between travelling wave solutions of the spatially continuous and spatially discrete limits of this equation. The differential-difference equations that we study include damped and undamped nonlinear wave and reaction-diffusion equations as well as their spatially discrete counterparts. Both analytical and numerical results are given.
Experimental study and molecular simulation of spontaneous combustion of coal gangue by oxidation under different water contents

ABSTRACT To determine the effect of water contents on the oxidation spontaneous combustion of coal gangue, the properties and combustion characteristics of coal gangue were studied using industrial and elemental analyses and Thermo Gravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC). The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and giant regular Monte Carlo simulation (GCMC)were used to investigate the adsorption isotherms of oxygen and coal gangue (kaolinite) under different water molecules (400, 500, 600, 700). The results of thermogravimetric showed that with increasing moisture content, the characteristic temperature points T3-T5 of CG4 were much lower than those of the other samples, the combustion conversion rate is the highest and the spontaneous combustion effect is the best at the same temperature. The molecular simulation results show that under 700 water-oxygen system, the adsorption of oxygen molecules and kaolinite (001) surface is the strongest. The interface has the fewest water molecules and the largest diffusion coefficient.