Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a clinical prediction rule to improve peripheral intravenous cannulae first attempt success in the emergency department and reduce post insertion failure rates: the Vascular Access Decisions in the Emergency Room (VADER) study protocol

Introduction Peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) insertion is one of the most common clinical interventions performed in emergency care worldwide. However, factors associated with successful PIVC placement and maintenance are not well understood. This study seeks to determine the predictors of first time PIVC insertion success in emergency department (ED) and identify the rationale for removal of the ED inserted PIVC in patients admitted to the hospital ward. Reducing failed insertion attempts and improving peripheral intravenous cannulation practice could lead to better staff and patient experiences, as well as improving hospital efficiency. Methods and analysis We propose an observational cohort study of PIVC insertions in a patient population presenting to ED, with follow-up observation of the PIVC in subsequent admissions to the hospital ward. We will collect specific PIVC observational data such as; clinician factors, patient factors, device information and clinical practice variables. Trained researchers will gather ED PIVC insertion data to identify predictors of insertion success. In those admitted from the ED, we will determine the dwell time of the ED-inserted PIVC. Multivariate regression analyses will be used to identify factors associated with insertions success and PIVC failure and standard statistical validation techniques will be used to create and assess the effectiveness of a clinical predication rule. Ethics and dissemination The findings of our study will provide new evidence to improve insertion success rates in the ED setting and identify strategies to reduce premature device failure for patients admitted to hospital wards. Results will unravel a complexity of factors that contribute to unsuccessful PIVC attempts such as patient and clinician factors along with the products, technologies and infusates used. Trial registration number ACTRN12615000588594; Pre-results.
On Stability and Equilibria of Analog FeedbackNetworksA

Both the analog Hoppeld network 1] and the cellular neural network 2], 3] are special cases of the new M-lattice system, recently introduced to the signal processing community 4], 5], 6]. We prove that a subclass of the M-lattice is totally stable. This result also applies to the cellular neural network as a rigorous proof of its total stability. By analyzing the stability of xed points, we derive the conditions for driving the equilibrium outputs of another subclass of the M-lattice to binary values. For the cellular neural network, this analysis is a precise formulation of an earlier argument based on circuit diagrams 2]. And for certain special cases of the analog Hoppeld network, this analysis explains why the output variables converge to binary values even with non-zero neuron auto-connections. This behavior, observed in computer simulation by researchers for quite some time, is explained for the rst time here.
Effects of a Dialogue-Based Program to Improve Emotion Knowledge in Spanish Roma Preschoolers

Romas are one of the largest minority groups in Spain and Europe, but no specific data on children's socioemotional learning are available. Our goal was to determine the level of socioemotional knowledge of a group of 4- and 5-year-old Roma children and to implement an intervention program at school. Forty-three Roma children participated (experimental: N = 21; control: N = 22). We implemented the intervention program Thinking emotions (M. Giménez-Dasí, M. Fernández-Sánchez, & M.-F. Daniel, 2013a). This program is based on Philosophy for Children (M. Lipman, A. M. Sharp, & F. S. Oscanyan, 1980) and aims to promote emotion knowledge, regulation strategies, and social competencies through peer-to-peer dialogue. Pre- and posttest measures were taken. Results showed low levels of initial knowledge and a clear pattern of improvement after the intervention.
Combining gaze with manual interaction to extend physical reach

Situated public displays and interactive surfaces are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives. Issues arise with these devices when attempting to interact over a distance or with content that is physically out of reach. In this paper we outline three techniques that combine gaze with manual hand-controlled input to move objects. We demonstrate and discuss how these techniques could be applied to two scenarios involving, (1) a multi-touch surface and (2) a public display and a mobile device.
Chromatin Mediation of a Transcriptional Memory Effect in Yeast

Previous studies have described a transcriptional “memory effect,” whereby transcript levels of many Abf1-regulated genes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are undiminished even after Abf1 has dissociated from its regulatory sites. Here we provide additional support for this effect and investigate its molecular basis. We show that the effect is observed in a distinct abf1 ts mutant from that used in earlier studies, demonstrating that it is robust, and use chromatin immunoprecipitation to show that Abf1 association is decreased similarly from memory effect and transcriptionally responsive genes at the restrictive temperature. We also demonstrate that the association of TATA-binding protein and Pol II decreases after the loss of Abf1 binding for transcriptionally responsive genes but not for memory effect genes. Examination of genome-wide nucleosome occupancy data reveals that although transcriptionally responsive genes exhibit increased nucleosome occupancy in abf1 ts yeast, the promoter regions of memory effect targets show no change in abf1 ts mutants, maintaining an open chromatin conformation even after Abf1 eviction. This contrasting behavior reflects different inherent propensity for nucleosome formation between the two classes, driven by the presence of A/T-rich sequences upstream of the Abf1 site in memory effect gene promoters. These sequence-based differences show conservation in closely related fungi and also correlate with different gene expression noise, suggesting a physiological basis for greater access to “memory effect” promoter regions. Thus, our results establish a conserved mechanism underlying a transcriptional memory effect whereby sequences surrounding Abf1 binding sequences affect local nucleosome occupancy following loss of Abf1 binding. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that sequence-based differences in the propensity for nucleosome occupancy can influence the transcriptional response of genes to an altered regulatory signal.
Bogus Refugees? The Determinants of Asylum Migration to Western Europe

This article analyzes the determinants of asylum migration to Western Europe. Potential asylum seekers balance the costs of staying versus the costs of migrating. Estimation results confirm that economic hardship and economic discrimination against ethnic minorities lead to higher flows of asylum seekers. However, political oppression, human rights abuse, violent conflict, and state failure are also important determinants. Migration networks and geographical proximity are important facilitators of asylum flows as predicted by theory and colonial experience, religious similarity, and casual contact with the developed world (aid, trade, and tourism) are not. Natural disasters and famines are also not statistically significant determinants. These events are typically short term and unexpected, whereas asylum migration to Western Europe requires preparatory planning. If Western European countries want to tackle the root causes of asylum migration, then they need to undertake policy measures that promote economic development, democracy, respect for human rights, and peaceful conflict resolution in countries of origin.
Anti-phishing prevention measure for email systems

This paper presents machine learning anti-phishing technique (MLAPT) - a machine learning framework that applies knowledge intensive approach to detect and prevent phishing attacks on email systems. Preventions, detections and a higher level of prevention measure can be guaranteed. The system is evaluated against a database of human-judged phishing scenarios, reaching satisfactory level of performance.
Riding from Urban Data to Insight Using New York City Taxis

About half of humanity lives in urban environments today and that number will grow to 80% by the middle of this century. Cities are thus the loci of resource consumption, of economic activity, and of innovation. Given our increasing ability to collect, transmit, store, and analyze data, there is a great opportunity to better understand cities, and enable them to deliver services efﬁciently and sustainably while keeping their citizens safe, healthy, prosperous, and well-informed. But making sense of all the data available is hard. Currently, urban data exploration is often limited to conﬁrmatory analyses consisting of batch-oriented queries and the exploration of well-deﬁned questions over speciﬁc regions. The lack of interactivity makes this process both time-consuming and cumbersome. This problem is compounded in the presence of big, multivariate spatio-temporal data, which is ubiquitous in urban environments. Another challenge comes from the need to empower social scientists, policy makes and urban residents who lack computer science expertise to leverage these data. In this paper, we give an overview of our recent work on techniques that combine data management and visualization to enable a broad set of users to interactively explore large, spatio-temporal data. We describe a visual query interface that simpliﬁes the process of specifying spatio-temporal queries as well as new indexing technique that enables these queries to be evaluated at interactive rates. We also present a scalable framework that applies computational topology to automatically ﬁnd interesting data slices so as to help guide users in the exploratory process.
On the influence of maintenance activity types on the issue resolution time

The ISO/IEC 14764 standard specifies four types of software maintenance activities spanning the different motivations that software engineers have while performing changes to an existing software system. Undoubtedly, this classification has helped in organizing the workflow within software projects, however for planning purposes the relative time differences for the respective tasks remains largely unexplored. In this empirical study, we investigate the influence of the maintenance type on issue resolution time. From GitHub's issue repository, we analyze more than 14000 issue reports taken from 34 open source projects and classify them as corrective, adaptive, perfective or preventive maintenance. Based on this data, we show that the issue resolution time depends on the maintenance type. Moreover, we propose a statistical model to describe the distribution of the issue resolution time for each type of maintenance activity. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of this model for scheduling the maintenance workload.
Combining High-Resolution TEM on Graphene With In-Situ Hall Measurements 105 Combining High-Resolution TEM on Graphene With In-Situ Hall Measurements

We describe an approach allowing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) on specimens like graphene and the investigation on their electronic transport properties at the same time. The experimental set-up presented here is based on the modification of a commercial TEM specimen holder and on a specially designed sample carrier. A customized Hall sensor confirms that the local magnetic field provided by the microscope’s objective lens is sufficiently high and homogenous for in-situ Hall effect measurements. Finally, we discuss first experimental results on defective graphene specimens. Indeed, our data reveals great potential in terms of correlating the information which we gain from HRTEM images with the corresponding transport properties, but also indicates further tasks and challenges.
Sleep Deprivation Impairs Object-Selective Attention: A View from the Ventral Visual Cortex

Background Most prior studies on selective attention in the setting of total sleep deprivation (SD) have focused on behavior or activation within fronto-parietal cognitive control areas. Here, we evaluated the effects of SD on the top-down biasing of activation of ventral visual cortex and on functional connectivity between cognitive control and other brain regions. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty-three healthy young adult volunteers underwent fMRI after a normal night of sleep (RW) and after sleep deprivation in a counterbalanced manner while performing a selective attention task. During this task, pictures of houses or faces were randomly interleaved among scrambled images. Across different blocks, volunteers responded to house but not face pictures, face but not house pictures, or passively viewed pictures without responding. The appearance of task-relevant pictures was unpredictable in this paradigm. SD resulted in less accurate detection of target pictures without affecting the mean false alarm rate or response time. In addition to a reduction of fronto-parietal activation, attending to houses strongly modulated parahippocampal place area (PPA) activation during RW, but this attention-driven biasing of PPA activation was abolished following SD. Additionally, SD resulted in a significant decrement in functional connectivity between the PPA and two cognitive control areas, the left intraparietal sulcus and the left inferior frontal lobe. Conclusions/Significance SD impairs selective attention as evidenced by reduced selectivity in PPA activation. Further, reduction in fronto-parietal and ventral visual task-related activation suggests that it also affects sustained attention. Reductions in functional connectivity may be an important additional imaging parameter to consider in characterizing the effects of sleep deprivation on cognition.
Inverse Compton Scattering as the Source of Diffuse Extreme-Ultraviolet Emission in the Coma Cluster of Galaxies

We have examined the hypothesis that the majority of the diffuse EUV flux in the Coma Cluster is due to inverse Compton scattering of low-energy cosmic-ray electrons (0.16 < ϵ < 0.31 GeV) against the 3 K blackbody background. We present data on the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the EUV flux and show that these data provide strong support for a nonthermal origin for the EUV flux. However, we show that this emission cannot be produced by an extrapolation to lower energies of the observed synchrotron radio emitting electrons and that an additional component of low-energy cosmic-ray electrons is required.
An Empirical Comparison of Lot-Sizing Methods Available in an ERP System

The single-item lot-sizing methods, an important component of material requirements planning systems, determine purchase or production quantities when the demand forecast over the planning horizon is known. Material requirements planning modules in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software, such as SAP R/3, contain several lot-sizing procedures embedded in the software. SAP R/3 provides four minimum-cost lot-sizing procedures. In this research, we empirically test the four methods by solving well-known benchmark problems. These methods differ significantly in their effectiveness, and we provide some guidelines for the selection of lot-sizing procedures in different manufacturing environments.
Chapter 12. Empirical stylistics as a learning and research tool in the study of narrative viewpoint

This chapter reports a study on students’ responses to a passage by Virginia Woolf which displays frequent shifts in viewpoint and a variety of speech and thought presentation modes. The students were asked to attribute the viewpoint in the passage and to demarcate the boundaries of individual viewpoints. The aims of the study are: to (1) assess the agreement among readers on how to assign viewpoint; (2) test the differences in interpretation between more experienced and less experienced readers; (3) expose students to the empirical investigation of literature in an experimental setting; and (4) reflect on the usefulness of incorporating empirical studies in the learning process. The findings demonstrate the level of readerly agreement on the attribution of viewpoint and the boundaries of individual viewpoints in an experimental text. The use of empirical methods as a learning tool in the stylistics classroom is assessed.
Out-of-plane QCD radiation in DIS with high p_t jets

We present a QCD analysis of the cumulative out-of-event-plane momentum distribution in DIS process with emission of high p_t jets. We derive the all-order resummed result to next-to-leading accuracy and estimate the leading power correction. We aim at the same level of accuracy which, in e+e- annihilation, seems to be sufficient for making predictions. As is typical of multi-jet observables, the distribution depends on the geometry of the event and the underlying colour structure. This result should provide a powerful method to study QCD dynamics, in particular to constrain the parton distribution functions, to measure the running coupling and to search for genuine non-perturbative effects.
AIRBORNE VIDEO REGISTRATION FOR VISUALIZATION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF TRAFFIC FLOWS

Techniques for incorporating airborne video into a multimedia GIS for traffic flow visualization are described. The base layer of the GIS consists of mosaiced aerial orthographic images of Tucson. Digitized non-roadway segments serve as a mask to emphasize roadways. A helicopter with a sophisticated on-board attitude measurement system was used to collect video and still images of traffic flow. The video was digitised, and a software feature tracker was used to track fixed features between successive frames of a video sequence and make frame-to-frame correspondences to obtain control points for registration. Each frame is then registered to the previous frame using a polynomial distortion model to obtain a modified video sequence. Most of the helicopter motion is thus removed and the modified video sequence appears to be taken from a stationary platform. The feature tracker also tracks cars through the sequence, enabling velocity estimation in an automated fashion. Thus, the entire scheme converts spatiotemporal data into temporal-only data, thereby making vehicle velocity estimation possible.
Cold collapse and the core catastrophe

We show that a universe dominated by cold dark matter fails to reproduce the rotation curves of dark matter dominated galaxies, one of the key problems that it was designed to resolve. We perform numerical simulations of the formation of dark matter haloes, each containing ≳106 particles and resolved to 0.003 times the virial radius, allowing an accurate comparison with rotation curve data. A good fit to both Galactic and cluster-sized haloes can be achieved using the density profile ρ(r)∝[(rrs)1.5(1+(rrs)1.5)]−1, where rs is a scale radius. This profile has a steeper asymptotic slope, ρ(r)∝r−1.5, and a sharper turn-over than found by lower resolution studies. The central structure of relaxed haloes that form within a hierarchical universe has a remarkably small scatter. We compare the results with a sample of dark matter dominated, low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies with circular velocities in the range 100–300 km s−1. The rotation curves of discs within cold dark matter haloes rise too steeply to match these data, which require a constant mass density in the central regions. The effects of Ωmass and Λ cannot reconcile the cold dark matter (CDM) model with data – even if we leave the concentration as a free parameter, we are unable to reproduce the observations with such a steep central density profile. It is important to confirm these results using stellar rather than H i rotation curves for LSB galaxies. We test the effects of introducing a cut-off in the power spectrum that may occur in a universe dominated by warm dark matter. In this case, haloes form by a monolithic collapse but the final density profile barely changes, demonstrating that the merger history does not play a role in determining the halo structure.
The murine MHC class I genes, H-2Dq and H-2Lq, are strikingly homologous to each other, H-2Ld, and two genes reported to encode tumor- specific antigens

Two phenomena appear to distinguish the D region class I genes from those in the K region in the murine MHC: (a) haplotype disparity in the number of expressed D region class I molecules has been observed; and (b) clines of closely related D region class I molecules among and within mice of different H-2 haplotypes can be defined. Both of these observations have been based on serological and peptide mapping analyses of these molecules. Recent reports using molecular biological approaches have corroborated these findings. Since the mouse strain B10.AKM expresses multiple D region class I antigens, all of which are closely related to the prototypic Ld molecule, we investigated the Dq region of B10.AKM using molecular approaches. Three D region class I genes were isolated from genomic B10.AKM bacteriophage and cosmid libraries. Based on alignment of those genes with the BALB/c D region class I genes by analogous restriction endonuclease sites and by hybridization of one of those genes with a D4d gene-derived oligonucleotide probe, we have designated these genes as Dq, Lq, and D4q. As determined by DNA-mediated gene transfer to mouse L cells followed by serological analyses, the Dq and Lq genes encode previously characterized Dq region class I antigens. The nucleic acid sequence comparisons of the Dq and Lq genes demonstrated a higher level of homology with the Ld and Db genes than with other D region class I genes. In addition, CTL stimulated with a Dq, Lq, or Ld gene transfectant showed strong crossreactions with the other transfectants as targets, suggesting that the products of these genes are also functionally related. Thus, these studies suggest that the L molecule represents a prototypic structure shared by several D region gene products, and furthermore, the duplication of an Ld-like progenitor gene resulted in two Dq region class I genes, Dq and Lq. Unexpectedly, the sequences determined for the Dq and Lq genes are nearly identical to the sequences of two genes, A166 and A149, respectively, which were reported to encode the tumor-specific antigens; these novel class I genes were isolated from an H-2k fibrosarcoma, 1591. This raises the distinct possibility that these purported tumor-specific class I genes were introduced into this tumor by contamination.
The Role of Human Aldo-Keto Reductases in the Metabolic Activation and Detoxication of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Interconversion of PAH Catechols and PAH o-Quinones

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. They are procarcinogens requiring metabolic activation to elicit their deleterious effects. Aldo-keto reductases (AKR) catalyze the oxidation of proximate carcinogenic PAH trans-dihydrodiols to yield electrophilic and redox-active PAH o-quinones. AKRs are also found to be capable of reducing PAH o-quinones to form PAH catechols. The interconversion of o-quinones and catechols results in the redox-cycling of PAH o-quinones to give rise to the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative DNA damage. On the other hand, PAH catechols can be intercepted through phase II metabolism by which PAH o-quinones could be detoxified and eliminated. The aim of the present review is to summarize the role of human AKRs in the metabolic activation/detoxication of PAH and the relevance of phase II conjugation reactions to human lung carcinogenesis.