Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Effects of Major and Emerging Mycotoxins on HepaRG Cells and Transcriptomic Response after Exposure of Spheroids to Enniatins B and B1

Mycotoxins, produced by fungi, frequently occur at different stages in the food supply chain between pre- and postharvest. Globally produced cereal crops are known to be highly susceptible to contamination, thus constituting a major public health concern. Among the encountered mycotoxigenic fungi in cereals, Fusarium spp. are the most frequent and produce both regulated (i.e., T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol -DON-, zearalenone -ZEA-) and emerging (i.e., enniatins -ENNs-, beauvericin -BEA-) mycotoxins. In this study, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of regulated and emerging fusariotoxins on HepaRG cells in 2D and 3D models using undifferentiated and differentiated cells. We also studied the impact of ENN B1 and ENN B exposure on gene expression of HepaRG spheroids. Gene expression profiling pinpointed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and overall similar pathways were involved in responses to mycotoxin exposure. Complement cascades, metabolism, steroid hormones, bile secretion, and cholesterol pathways were all negatively impacted by both ENNs. For cholesterol biosynthesis, 23/27 genes were significantly down-regulated and could be correlated to a 30% reduction in cholesterol levels. Our results show the impact of ENNs on the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway for the first time. This finding suggests a potential negative effect on human health due to the essential role this pathway plays.
The Research Progress of Mitochondrial Transplantation in the Treatment of Mitochondrial Defective Diseases

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that are involved in energy production, apoptosis, and signaling in eukaryotic cells. Several studies conducted over the past decades have correlated mitochondrial dysfunction with various diseases, including cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and cancer. Mitochondrial transplantation entails importing intact mitochondria from healthy tissues into diseased tissues with damaged mitochondria to rescue the injured cells. In this review, the different mitochondrial transplantation techniques and their clinical applications have been discussed. In addition, the challenges and future directions pertaining to mitochondrial transplantation and its potential in the treatment of diseases with defective mitochondria have been summarized.
Cerebral Microvascular Perfusion Assessed in Elderly Adults by Spin-Echo Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI at 7 Tesla

Perfusion measures of the total vasculature are commonly derived with gradient-echo (GE) dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR images, which are acquired during the early passes of a contrast agent. Alternatively, spin-echo (SE) DSC can be used to achieve specific sensitivity to the capillary signal. For an improved contrast-to-noise ratio, ultra-high-field MRI makes this technique more appealing to study cerebral microvascular physiology. Therefore, this study assessed the applicability of SE-DSC MRI at 7 T. Forty-one elderly adults underwent 7 T MRI using a multi-slice SE-EPI DSC sequence. The cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were determined in the cortical grey matter (CGM) and white matter (WM) and compared to values from the literature. The relation of CBV and CBF with age and sex was investigated. Higher CBV and CBF values were found in CGM compared to WM, whereby the CGM-to-WM ratios depended on the amount of largest vessels excluded from the analysis. CBF was negatively associated with age in the CGM, while no significant association was found with CBV. Both CBV and CBF were higher in women compared to men in both CGM and WM. The current study verifies the possibility of quantifying cerebral microvascular perfusion with SE-DSC MRI at 7 T.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar

Hakikatnya, pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di sekolah ditujukan untuk menumbuhkan kepedulian pesera didik, guru, tata usaha, dan kepala sekolah terhadap keberadaan bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat komunikasi dan sebagai alat pemersatu bangsa ini. Dalam artikel ini membahas tujuan dan fungsi dari pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber yang didapat dari internet, buku, ataupun jurnal. Dengan mengetahui tujuan dan fungsi dari pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia guru maupun peserta didik dapat menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari terutama di lingkungan sekolah dasar. Artikel ini juga membahas beberapa strategi yang dapat digunakan oleh guru dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia untuk meningkatkan pencapaian hasil belajar siswa pada empat keterampilan berbahasa. Strategistrategi yang dikemukakan dalam tulisan ini merupakan strategi yang digali dari berbagai sumber literatur. Salah satu aspek yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan pembelajaran ialah penggunaan strategi pembelajaran. Oleh sebab itu, guru hendaknya dapat memilih dan menggunakan strategi-strategi yang sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang akan dicapai. Terdapat beberapa strategi yang dapat dipilih dan digunakan oleh guru dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia untuk meningkatkan pencapaian hasil belajar pesrta didik pada empat keterampilan berbahasa. Guru disarankan untuk menggunakan berbagai strategi pembelajaran yang memberikan beragam pengalaman belajar bagi peserta didik. Bervariasinya strategi pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keterampilan berbahasa peserta didik.
Primary cilia and actin regulatory pathways in renal ciliopathies

Ciliopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by defects to the structure or function of the primary cilium. They often affect multiple organs, leading to brain malformations, congenital heart defects, and anomalies of the retina or skeletal system. Kidney abnormalities are among the most frequent ciliopathic phenotypes manifesting as smaller, dysplastic, and cystic kidneys that are often accompanied by renal fibrosis. Many renal ciliopathies cause chronic kidney disease and often progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating replacing therapies. There are more than 35 known ciliopathies; each is a rare hereditary condition, yet collectively they account for a significant proportion of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The primary cilium is a tiny microtubule-based organelle at the apex of almost all vertebrate cells. It serves as a “cellular antenna” surveying environment outside the cell and transducing this information inside the cell to trigger multiple signaling responses crucial for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Hundreds of proteins and unique cellular mechanisms are involved in cilia formation. Recent evidence suggests that actin remodeling and regulation at the base of the primary cilium strongly impacts ciliogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the primary cilium, focusing on the role of actin cytoskeleton and its regulators in ciliogenesis. We then describe the key clinical, genetic, and molecular aspects of renal ciliopathies. We highlight what is known about actin regulation in the pathogenesis of these diseases with the aim to consider these recent molecular findings as potential therapeutic targets for renal ciliopathies.
A Novel Approach to Remote Detection in Medical Radar Applications Using Flexible Transmit Array Lenses

This study introduces a novel method employing adaptable transmitarray lenses for medical radar systems, enhancing the direction of electromagnetic beams in the far-field. The newly developed antenna array exhibited marked improvements in gain, bandwidth, return loss, and isolation within specific frequency ranges during testing. Comprehensive evaluations, including various focal lengths and bending scenarios, underscored the superior performance of this adaptable lens over prior techniques. Its exceptional precision and sensitivity render it an ideal tool for real-time remote health monitoring systems, particularly in pulse detection. The research findings consistently aligned the heart rates detected by this innovative method with standard reference rates, reaffirming its reliability and accuracy. This consistency highlights the potential of the transmitarray lenses as a valuable advancement in medical radar systems. The study not only validates the effectiveness and reliability of the lenses but also lays a solid foundation for further research and development in this field. The insights garnered are expected to significantly bolster the progression of radar technologies in healthcare, leading to more accurate, efficient, and non-invasive health monitoring solutions, thereby enhancing patient care and outcomes.
EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE AND INTEREST RATES ON MANUFACTURING SECTOR PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: ARCH AND GARCH APPROACH

This study evaluates the effects of exchange, and interest rates on manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria. The data were sourced from the World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI) and the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) for the analysis. The unit root test was performed on the formulated model using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) method. The log of manufacturing sector contribution to GDP (MUFQ), exchange rate (LEXR), inflation rate (LIFR), and bank size (LBKS) were integrated at order zero I(0) while and the log of interest rate spread (LIRS). was stationary at order one I(1), as shown by the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. In order to determine whether there is a long-run relationship between interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation, a bound test was conducted using the Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model. High volatility in exchange and interest rates have a positive effect on manufacturing sector performance, as shown by the results of the Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound test, and the results from Arch and Garch corroborate these findings. Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) results indicated a positive and statistically significant relationship between the exchange rate and the performance of the manufacturing sector over time at 0.05 level. However, bank size revealed a positive but insignificant relationship with manufacturing sector performance in the short-run, while the coefficient of interest rate spread and inflation rate were both negative and significantly influenced manufacturing sector performance in the current year period. The paper concludes that Nigeria's manufacturing sector is strongly correlated with the country's exchange and interest rates. The study recommended amongst others that as a result of too much dependence on oil, the federal government should peg the local currency rate and mandate the deposit money banks through the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) to maintain a single digit interest rate. This would boost investors’ confidence on the Nigerian economy as well as the financial system while efforts should be taken to diversify the economy to ease the pressure from the local currency.
Drug-Related Problems Detected in Complex Chronic Patients by Community Pharmacists of Catalonia: Perception of the Person-Centred Approach Necessity

Community pharmacies are healthcare settings in which pharmacists are in an ideal position to carry out pharmaceutical care. The aim of this study was to analyse the number, type and groups of drugs that caused drug-related problems (DRPs) detected in complex chronic patients who are outpatients, the interventions and actions of community pharmacists and their impact on patient medication adherence. The study was designed as a secondary analysis of a multicentre study in the field of primary healthcare and community pharmacies in Catalonia (Spain). The patients who took part were divided into two groups by the primary care physician depending on whether or not they were considered likely to receive their medication through a monitored dosage system (MDS) based on pre-established criteria. Patients underwent 12 months of follow-up by community pharmacists. The prevalence of DRPs among the studied complex chronic patients was high (n = 689). The most identified DRP was nonadherence (31.20%). In the MDS group, results showed a statistically significant increase of 21% in the number of adherent patients with respect to the baseline visit (p-value = 0.0008). Community pharmacists can have an important role in addressing DRPs and optimizing the safety and effectiveness of medications for these patients and in involving them in their own health conditions.
Survei Polimorfisme Tetua untuk Pengembangan Panel CSSL Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dan Identifikasi Tanaman F1

Raising yield potential of modern indica varieties is essential to meet the increased demand of rice production. This is due to increased human population, threats of climate change and degradation of agricultural resources. The use of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) is more effective for identification of genes those are useful for improvement of yield potential. The aims of this study were to observe the morphological trait differences between recipient parent (var. Ciherang) and three candidates of donor parent (var. Fatmawati and new plant type lines, i.e. B12743 and B11143D), to identify polymorphic SSR markers among them and to verify F1 individuals. Ciherang and B11143D showed significant differences on flowering time, plant height, flag leaf area, tiller number, productive tiller number, panicle length, spikelet number per panicle and 1,000 grain weight. The rate of SSR marker polymorphisms between Ciherang and B11143D was the highest, where 155 of 513 markers (30.2%) were polymorphic. Marker genotyping using three polymorphic markers showed that 26 of 27 plants resulted from the cross of Ciherang х B11143D were F1. These F1 plants could become the basis of CSSL panel that facilitate the mapping of genes responsible for increasing the yield potential.
Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in bacteria from environment in Burkina Faso.

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes in bacteria from the environment in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. METHODOLOGY This study was conducted from January 18 to December 31, 2019. Environmental samples were collected from the effluents of Souro Sanou University Hospital Center and the wastewater treatment plant at Bobo-Dioulasso. MacConkey agar media supplemented with 4 µg/mL cefotaxime was used for bacterial growth, and identification of bacteria was performed using API 20E system (BioMerieux SA, Lyon, France). Antibiotic susceptibility testing, synergy test, carbapenem inactivation method and molecular characterization were performed. RESULTS A total of 180 bacterial isolates were identified from the different sites with a predominance of Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.5%). All 180 bacterial isolates were ESBL producers and 18 (10.0%) of them produced carbapenemases. Out of the 180 bacterial isolates, DNAs of 98.9% (178/180) bacterial isolates were extracted and tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for characterization of resistant genes. The study showed that 89.8% (160/178) carried the bla-CTX-M genes including 54.4 (87/160) from hospital effluents and 45.6 (73/160) from the wastewater treatment plant. Regarding the carriage of carbapenemase genes, 7.9 (14/178) blaNDM-1 was found in all the sites including 71.4% (10/14) from hospital effluents and 28.6 (4/14) from the wastewater treatment plant. blaOXA-48-like was only found in bacteria from hospital effluents and represented 2.2% (4/178). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need to build hospital effluent treatment plants to reduce the load of resistant bacteria before discharging the effluents into the urban wastewater system.
Emotion generation method in online physical education teaching based on data mining of teacher-student interactions

Different from conventional educational paradigms, online education lacks the direct interplay between instructors and learners, particularly in the sphere of virtual physical education. Regrettably, extant research seldom directs its focus toward the intricacies of emotional arousal within the teacher-student course dynamic. The formulation of an emotion generation model exhibits constraints necessitating refinement tailored to distinct educational cohorts, disciplines, and instructional contexts. This study proffers an emotion generation model rooted in data mining of teacher-student course interactions to refine emotional discourse and enhance learning outcomes in the realm of online physical education. This model includes techniques for data preprocessing and augmentation, a multimodal dialogue text emotion recognition model, and a topic-expanding emotional dialogue generation model based on joint decoding. The encoder assimilates the input sentence into a fixed-length vector, culminating in the final state, wherein the vector produced by the context recurrent neural network is conjoined with the preceding word’s vector and employed as the decoder’s input. Leveraging the long-short-term memory neural network facilitates the modeling of emotional fluctuations across multiple rounds of dialogue, thus fulfilling the mandate of emotion prediction. The evaluation of the model against the DailyDialog dataset demonstrates its superiority over the conventional end-to-end model in terms of loss and confusion values. Achieving an accuracy rate of 84.4%, the model substantiates that embedding emotional cues within dialogues augments response generation. The proposed emotion generation model augments emotional discourse and learning efficacy within online physical education, offering fresh avenues for refining and advancing emotion generation models.
On the Low-Cost Production of Tissue-Mimicking Skin Phantoms Up to 40 GHz

Objectives: In this paper, a simple methodology for making skin phantoms is presented. In addition, the first millimeter (mm)-wave images in scenarios including the skin phantoms are shown. Technology or Method: Two mixtures based on the use of simple and inexpensive materials are produced and dielectrically characterized in the [0.5--40] GHz frequency range. Cole-Cole parameters are derived by the least-squares method. An inexpensive polystyrene mold to obtain morphologically compatible skin thicknesses is presented. Finally, these phantoms are used for experimental mm-wave imaging tests in two scenarios, with targets with different size and reflectivity in air and in an oil-based phantom. Results: The dielectric characteristics of the produced skin phantoms are compared with those of human skin, showing excellent agreement over the entire spectrum. Realistic and uniform thicknesses from 1 to 2.5 mm were obtained. The experimental images show the possibility of detecting targets with different reflectivity below the skin at mm- waves. Conclusions: two phantoms based on safe and low-cost materials emulating dielectric characteristics (up to 40 GHz) and morphological characteristics of the skin were proposed. One of these phantoms has been used for a number of mm-wave imaging system tests in different scenarios, and the potential of mm-waves to detect non-superficial targets even in the presence of skin is demonstrated. Clinical or Biological Impact: the results presented in this paper provide a replicable methodology for skin phantom realization and show the potential feasibility of mm-wave imaging for early detection of breast cancer.
Potential of Tryptamine Derivatives as Multi-Target Directed Ligands for Alzheimer’s Disease: AChE, MAO-B, and COX-2 as Molecular Targets

Extensive research has been dedicated to develop compounds that can target multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment due to a growing understanding of AD’s complex multifaceted nature and various interconnected pathological pathways. In the present study, a series of biological assays were performed to evaluate the potential of the tryptamine analogues synthesized earlier in our lab as multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) for AD. To assess the inhibitory effects of the compounds, various in vitro assays were employed. Three compounds, SR42, SR25, and SR10, displayed significant AChE inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.70 µM, 0.17 µM, and 1.00 µM, respectively. These values superseded the standard drug donepezil (1.96 µM). In the MAO-B inhibition assay, SR42 (IC50 = 43.21 µM) demonstrated superior inhibitory effects as compared to tryptamine and other derivatives. Moreover, SR22 (84.08%), SR24 (79.30%), and SR42 (75.16%) exhibited notable percent inhibition against the COX-2 enzyme at a tested concentration of 100 µM. To gain insights into their binding mode and to validate the biological results, molecular docking studies were conducted. Overall, the results suggest that SR42, a 4,5 nitro-benzoyl derivative of tryptamine, exhibited significant potential as a MTDL and warrants further investigation for the development of anti-Alzheimer agents.
Contact Force Estimation for Robotic Manipulators based on Disturbance Kalman Filter

Accurate contact force estimation is essential for achieving safe and stable physical interaction between a robot and its environment. Currently, contact force estimation methods based on joint force signals present challenges such as poor accuracy and significant noise. This paper proposes the disturbance Kalman filter to improve the performance of contact force estimation. This algorithm estimates contact force using a joint force sensor based on a generalized momentum-based robot dynamic model. By employing polynomial functions to model disturbance dynamics in the system state, we achieve accurate contact force estimation through a Kalman filter. Furthermore, a parameter tuning method for the disturbance Kalman filter is proposed to enhance the robustness of the algorithm to process noise and model uncertainty. Finally, this method is compared with the Generalized Momentum Observer applied to 5-DoF collaborative manipulators. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the disturbance Kalman filter can provide a robust and accurate estimation of contact force.
Baiotomeus, a new ptilodontid multituberculate (Mammalia) from the middle Paleocene of western North America

Baiotomeus is a new genus of ptilodontid multituberculate from the late Torrejonian Land-Mammal Age (late middle Paleocene) of western North America. Baiotomeus douglassi (Simpson), the type species, has been assigned, at one time or another, to Ptilodus, Mimetodon, and Neoplagiaulax. In addition, a second, new species, B. lamberti, from three localities in the Medicine Rocks area of southeastern Montana is reported here. The Medicine Rocks localities are tentatively assigned a latest Torrejonian age, younger than localities yielding B. douglassi and younger than previously suggested on the basis of plesiadapid primates. Multituberculates appear to have attained their highest species richness during the Torrejonian Land-Mammal Age, but the discovery of B. lamberti illustrates that our knowledge of multituberculate diversity is incomplete from even that interval of time.