Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling catchment hydrology.

In Chapter 3, Baird outlines the complexities of water flow in soils and hillslopes and the importance of their spatial variability. In Chapter 5, Michaelides and Wainwright outline the factors controlling the movement of the same water within channels and the model approaches available in which to simulate and better understand this movement. This chapter takes a landscape view of water movement and examines the aggregation of hillslope processes into nested catchments connected by stretches of flowing water. We will examine the complexity of catchments in process, time and space and highlight some of the simple rules that determine their behaviour. We start by analysing the hydrological and computational definition of a catchment before discussing the range of models applied for hydrological modelling at this scale. We then present some of the state of the art and future directions in catchment modelling before identifying some of the gaps in our understanding of catchments and some of the simplicities which have emerged from the modelling of complex catchments. Studying the hydrology of catchments involves an understanding of the water balance of individual hydrological response units (HRUs) through the interaction of climate, vegetation and soils in the determination of the local water balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration) and resulting soil moisture and the partitioning of this balance between more rapid surface pathways for flow such as runoff and slower subsurface pathways such as throughflow (interflow in the US) or groundwater recharge. In addition, one has to understand the spatial distribution and topological network for connectance of these response units such that the propagation of water between them can be understood. This propagation may involve amplification or diminution of flows depending upon the characteristics of the HRU. Finally, the rapid flows less connected with their substrate provided by permanent channels are added as a further layer of complexity. The interaction of spatially varying climatic and human impacts must also be taken into account. Thus, the spatial complexity of catchment hydrology can be significant, not to mention the fact that many of these factors change also in time, for secular processes at scales from minutes (for the meteorological) to hundreds of thousands of years (for the topological) and for extreme events at all scales and in any time. The types of questions asked of hydrologists at the catchment scale are diverse. Leaving aside those related to hydrology (such as the impact of land-use change on soil and nutrient erosion, the transport of point source and nonpoint source contaminants, the extent and distribution of salinization, variations and change in aquatic or wetland environments and associated species) and concentrating on the solely hydrological issues, scientists, policy-makers and citizens are mainly interested in the following:
Adaptive PD Control Based on RBF Neural Network for a Wire-Driven Parallel Robot and Prototype Experiments

An adaptive PD control scheme is proposed for the support system of a wire-driven parallel robot (WDPR) used in a wind tunnel test. The control scheme combines a PD control and an adaptive control based on a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. The PD control is used to track the trajectory of the end effector of the WDPR. The experimental environment, the external disturbances, and other factors result in uncertainties of some parameters for the WDPR; therefore, the RBF neural network control method is used to approximate the parameters. An adaptive control algorithm is developed to reduce the approximation error and improve the robustness and control precision of the WDPR. It is demonstrated that the closed-loop system is stable based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation results show that the proposed control scheme results in a good performance of the WDPR. The experimental results of the prototype experiments show that the WDPR operates on the desired trajectory; the proposed control method is correct and effective, and the experimental error is small and meets the requirements.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Defense Response of Potato to Phthorimaea operculella Infestation

The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the most destructive pests of potato crops worldwide. Although it has been reported how potatoes integrate the early responses to various PTM herbivory stimuli by accumulatively adding the components, the broad-scale defense signaling network of potato to single stimuli at multiple time points are unclear. Therefore, we compared three potato transcriptional profiles of undamaged plants, mechanically damaged plants and PTM-feeding plants at 3 h, 48 h, and 96 h, and further analyzed the gene expression patterns of a multitude of insect resistance-related signaling pathways, including phytohormones, reactive oxygen species, secondary metabolites, transcription factors, MAPK cascades, plant–pathogen interactions, protease inhibitors, chitinase, and lectins, etc. in the potato under mechanical damage and PTM infestation. Our results suggested that the potato transcriptome showed significant responses to mechanical damage and potato tuber moth infestation, respectively. The potato transcriptome responses modulated over time and were higher at 96 than at 48 h, so transcriptional changes in later stages of PTM infestation may underlie the potato recovery response. Although the transcriptional profiles of mechanically damaged and PTM-infested plants overlap extensively in multiple signaling pathways, some genes are uniquely induced or repressed. True herbivore feeding induced more and stronger gene expression compared to mechanical damage. In addition, we identified 2976, 1499, and 117 genes that only appeared in M-vs-P comparison groups by comparing the transcriptomes of PTM-damaged and mechanically damaged potatoes at 3 h, 48 h, and 96 h, respectively, and these genes deserve further study in the future. This transcriptomic dataset further enhances the understanding of the interactions between potato and potato tuber moth, enriches the molecular resources in this research area and paves the way for breeding insect-resistant potatoes.
Effects of proanthocyanidin enriched extract from Ligaria cuneifolia on plasma cholesterol and hemorheological parameters. In vivo and In vitro studies.

UNLABELLED It was demonstrated that Ligaria cuneifolia (Lc) crude extract increased blood viscosity and decreased plasma cholesterol in rats. In the present study, we analyzed the Lc proanthocyanidin enriched fraction (PLc) to determine if it is capable of altering the hemorheological parameters while diminishing the plasma cholesterol. In vivo studies in adult male Wistar rats, randomized in three groups (n = 6 each one) were performed: 1. CONTROL saline intraperitoneal (i.p.); 2. PLc 0.6 mg/100 g body weight (b.w.) i.p. and 3. PLc 3 mg/100 g b.w. i.p., every 24 hours during 3 days. IN VITRO STUDIES with blood obtained by cardiac puncture, separated in aliquots and incubated with: 1. Saline solution (Control); 2. PLc 0.1 mg/mL, and 3. PLc 1.0 mg/mL, equivalent to doses in vivo experiments. The results demonstrated that in vivo PLc 0.6 and PLc 3 reduced plasma cholesterol (Cho) and LDL-Cho. Neither blood nor plasma viscosity was altered. Decrease of plasma cholesterol could be due to an increase of cholesterol and bile salts excretion leading to an increase of bile flow. In vitro experiments showed a direct interaction of PLc, at high concentration, with the erythrocyte membrane, inducing a switch from discocyte to stomatocyte. Only, PLc without hepatic metabolism produces hemorheological changes. Thus, PLc in vivo might be a pharmacological agent capable of decreasing plasma cholesterol.
Mushrooms of the Boreal Forest

Lone Pine Publishing This books highlights the distinctive groups and species of mushrooms that live in the boreal forests of northern Minnesota. It covers more than 200 mushrooms with color photos and descriptions. Contains sections on the biology and ecology of mushrooms. Softcover, 106 pages. Each spring old-timers and new converts search the woods for the elusive morel, a mushroom well known for its superb flavor and culinary value. Author Milan Pelouch shares everything he's learned during his years of morel hunting. This book covers all aspects of finding and eating morels: identification, what to wear and take with you, when to search, the best places to search, cleaning and preserving, and delicious recipes. Softcover, 101 pages. This beautiful guide is organized by the season, then by color, making it the perfect compansion for a walk through the woods. The practical and personal descriptions spotlight each plant's features and offer information about locations, common names and uses. Softcover, 271 pages. Lone Pine Publishing, 2008 This book is packed with easy solutions and exciting ideas for creating and maintaining containers for your garden space. Filled with recommended plants and designs ranging from traditional to cutting edge. It features height, spread and hardiness information; watering tips; design tips for color, texture, scale and shape; planting and caring guidelines, and information on problems and pests. Softcover, 208 pages. Lone Pine Publishing, 2008 This book offers handy advice and tips on growing, maintaining and harvesting herbs; propagation and winter care; and solutions to common garden problems. This book will also provide information on using herbs to flavor foods, adding seductive scents to potpourris and perfumes and imparting healthful and healing qualitieis to lotions and lip balms. Softcover, 256 pages. This book is designed to help gardeners and landscapers identify Minnesota's native plants and plant communities, and demonstrate how to use them in a typical home landscape. There are profiles of over 600 native plant species, subspecies and varieties of flowers, trees, shrubs, grasses and ferns. Each profile contains information on planting, maintenance and uses for each plant. Softcover, 191 pages. This new book features comprehensive coverage of all native and naturalized trees, shrubs and woody vines in Minnesota; color photos of fruit, flowers, bark, and leaves of every species for easy identification ; and vivid, accurate descriptions of each species' habitat, natural history and ecology. Hardcover, 703 pages. Lone Pine Publishing, 2005 With this …
Stripping customers' feedback on hotels through data mining: the case of Las Vegas Strip

3 This study presents a data mining approach for modeling TripAdvisor score using 504 reviews 4 published in 2015 for the 21 hotels located in the Strip, Las Vegas. Nineteen quantitative features 5 characterizing the reviews, hotels and the users were prepared and used for feeding a support 6 vector machine for modeling the score. The results achieved reveal the model demonstrated 7 adequate predictive performance. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis was applied over the model for 8 extracting useful knowledge translated into features’ relevance for the score. The findings 9 unveiled user features related to TripAdvisor membership experience play a key role in 10 influencing the scores granted, clearly surpassing hotel features. Also, both seasonality and the 11 day of the week were found to influence scores. Such knowledge may be helpful in directing 12 efforts to answer online reviews in alignment with hotel strategies, by profiling the reviews 13 according to the member and review date. 14
Title: Endometrial cancer patients ’ preferences for follow-up after treatment: a cross-sectional survey

Purpose: Alternatives to hospital follow-up (HFU) following treatment for cancer have been advocated. Telephone follow-up (TFU) and patient-initiated follow-up are being implemented but it is unclear if these approaches will meet the preferences and needs of patients. This study aimed to explore the preferences of endometrial cancer patients and their levels of satisfaction with HFU and nurse-led TFU. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was utilised and a questionnaire was administered to 236 patients who had participated in a randomised controlled trial comparing HFU with TFU for women diagnosed with Stage I endometrial cancer (ENDCAT trial). Results: 211 (89.4%) patients returned the questionnaire; 105 in the TFU group and 106 in the HFU group. The TFU group were more likely to indicate that appointments were on time (p < 0.001) and were more likely to report that their appointments were thorough (p=0.011). Participants tended to prefer what was familiar to them. Those in the HFU group tended to prefer hospital-based appointments while the TFU group tended to prefer appointments with a clinical nurse specialist, regardless of locality. Conclusions: To provide patient centred follow-up services we need to ensure that patient preferences are taken into account and understand that patients may come to prefer what they have experienced. Patient initiated approaches may become standard and preferred practice but TFU remains a high-quality alternative to HFU and may provide an effective transition between HFU and patient-initiated approaches.
Content of nutrients in forest stands - review.

From the perspective of the nutrient cycle, forestry is usually considered to be a long-term sustainable activity. The nutritional output from the ecosystem represented by timber harvesting should be compensated by weathering of soil particles and atmospheric deposition. This balance is enabled on one hand by the long interval of harvesting, which is on average 80 to 150 years; and on the other hand by the properties of wood, which consists mainly of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen – elements gained by plants from the atmosphere and water. The ideal equilibrium, however, is often disrupted by the long-term impacts of air pollution or by intensive forest management (whole tree harvesting, litter ranking, energy wood production). The article reviews the methods of leaf analysis for forest nutrition assessment and also focuses on the nutrition stock in other compartments of the tree biomass, such as the stem, branches or roots.
Iron age aprons from southwestern Finland : And other cloths And pendants worn on the waist

Spiral fan-like corner ornaments on garments are regarded as emblematic of Iron Age aprons in Southwestern Finland. Both the apron and bronze bear-tooth and bell-pendant sets suspended from the woollen band were worn around the waist by women. Pendant sets have been assumed to belong to loincloths but apparently no decorated loincloths (Fi. kaatterit) were used in Finland. On the basis of ethnological analogies, both the apron and the pendants protected the wearers genital areas and increased her fertility. That is why they belonged to women's costume in her fertile age. Especially in agricultural communities, ensuring fertility was the most important task, which was realized through various magical means. Only few women wore spiral-decorated aprons and bronze pendants at end of the Iron Age. It is possible that they had a special role in fertility rites.
Glaciology

This progress report is the first of three overviews of important fields of study within contemporary glaciology, illustrated with reference to exemplar research contributions and highlighting key developments in each field since 2005, the date of the last review of ‘Glaciology’ in this journal. The topics covered in this paper are: (1) the mass balance of glaciers and ice sheets and their contributions to global sea level change; and (2) atmospheric melt-induced influences on the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The paper aims to provide an overview of key developments over the last six years from each topic, with discussion of the continuing debates and unresolved issues which constitute the foci for ongoing and future research.
Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation by lignans isolated Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation by lignans isolated from Justicia procumbens from

Five lignans, neojusticin A (neo A), neojusticin B (neo B), justicidin A (jus A), justicidin B (jus B), and chinensinaphthol methyl ether (CME) were isolated from the ethanol extract of Justicia procumbens ( J. p .), which has been used as a herbal remedy in traditional Chinese medicine. The in vitro effects of lignans on rat hepatic cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidations were studied. Addition of 10 µ M lignans caused 21% to 57% decreases of microsomal benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation (AHH) activity. Among these lignans, neo B had the strongest inhibitory effect on AHH activity with an IC 50 of 6 ± 1 µ M. Lignans at 10 µ M decreased 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activities by 20% to 48%. Neo B at 10 µ M caused a 70% decrease of 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylation activity whereas this oxidation activity was relatively less affected by other lignans. Lignans (10 µ M) also decreased testosterone 6 β -hydroxylation activity by 19% to 74% and neo B had the least inhibitory effect on this activity. Kinetic analysis of AHH activity revealed that neo B was a mixed type inhibitor of competitive and noncompetitive characteristics with K i and K I of 2 µ M and 11 µ M, respectively. With NADPH as the variable cofactor, neo B showed a uncompetitive type of inhibition of AHH activity. These in vitro results suggested that lignans from J. p . inhibited monooxyge-nase activities differentially and neo B might have a role in diminishing the oxidative activation of benzo(a)pyrene.
Technical Greenhouse-Gas Mitigation Potentials of Biochar Soil Incorporation in Germany

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid obtained from the heating of biomass in the (near) absence of oxygen in a process called pyrolysis. Its deployment in soils is increasingly discussed as a promising means to sequester carbon in soils and, thus, to help mitigate climate change. For a wide range of feedstocks and scenarios and against the baseline of conventional feedstock management, we calculate the technical greenhouse-gas mitigation potentials of slow-pyrolysis biochar in 2015, 2030 and 2050 when the biochar is incorporated into agricultural soils in Germany and when the by-products from biochar production – pyrolysis oils and gases – are used as renewable sources of energy. Covering the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, our analysis reveals that biochar allows for an annual technical greenhouse-gas mitigation potential in Germany in the range of 2.8-10.2 million tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalents by 2030 and 2.9-10.6 million tonnes of carbon-dioxide equivalents by 2050. This corresponds to approximately 0.4-1.5% and 0.3-1.1% of the respective German greenhouse-gas reduction targets in 2030 and 2050.
Border-independent multi-functional, 1 multi-hazard exposure modelling in 2 Alpine regions 3

11 Extreme hydrometeorological events such as the 2018 Vaia storm increasingly threaten alpine regions 12 with multiple hazards often compounded and with cascading effects. Currently available risk assessment 13 and prevention tools may therefore prove inadequate, particularly for transborder and vulnerable 14 mountain areas, calling for comprehensive multi-hazard and transdisciplinary approaches. In particular, 15 the exposed assets should not anymore be considered a sheer collection of static items, but the models 16 should also reflect functional features. 17 In this paper we propose an integrated approach to multi-hazard exposure modelling including both 18 static and functional components. The model is based on a homogeneous planar tessellation composed 19 of hexagonal cells, and a graph-like structure which describes the functional connections among the 20 cells. To exemplify the methodology, a combination of static (buildings, protective forests), dynamic 21 (population) and functional (road-based transport system) components have been considered together, 22 targeting a ca. 10’000𝑘𝑚 2 region across Italy and Austria. A cell-based aggregation at 250𝑚 resolution 23 and an innovative graph-based simplification allow for a good trade-off between the complexity of the 24 model and its computational efficiency for risk-related applications. Furthermore, aggregation ensures 25 protection of sensitive data at a scale still useful for civil protection. The resulting model can be used for 26 different applications including scenario-based risk analysis and numeric simulation, probabilistic risk 27 assessment, impact forecasting and early warning. 28
From experimental plots to experimental landscapes: topography, erosion and 1 deposition in sub-humid badlands from Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry 2

11 12 In the last decade advances in surveying technology have opened up the possibility of 13 representing topography and monitoring surface changes over experimental plots (<10 m 2 ) in high 14 resolution (~10 3 points m -1 ). Yet the representativeness of these small plots is limited. With 15 ‘Structure-from-Motion’ (SfM) and ‘Multi-View Stereo’ (MVS) techniques now becoming part of the 16 geomorphologist’s toolkit, there is potential to expand further the scale at which we characterise 17 topography and monitor geomorphic change morphometrically. Moving beyond previous plot-scale 18 work using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) surveys, this paper validates robustly a number of 19 SfM-MVS surveys against total station and extensive TLS data at three nested scales: plots (<30 20 m 2 ) within a small catchment (4710 m 2 ) within an eroding marl badland landscape (~1 km 2 ). SfM 21 surveys from a number of platforms are evaluated based on: (i) topography; (ii) sub-grid 22 roughness; (iii) change-detection capabilities at an annual scale. Oblique ground-based images 23 can provide a high-quality surface equivalent to TLS at the plot scale, but become unreliable over 24 larger areas of complex terrain. Degradation of surface quality with range is observed clearly for 25 SfM models derived from aerial imagery. The modelling findings of James and Robson (2014) are 26 proven empirically as a piloted gyrocopter survey
Long-range repression by ecdysone receptor on complex enhancers of the insulin receptor gene

ABSTRACT The insulin signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved throughout metazoans, playing key roles in development, growth, and metabolism. Misregulation of this pathway is associated with a multitude of disease states including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The human insulin receptor gene (INSR) is widely expressed throughout development and was previously described as a ‘housekeeping’ gene. Yet, there is abundant evidence that this gene is expressed in a cell-type specific manner, with dynamic regulation in response to environmental signals. The Drosophila insulin-like receptor gene (InR) is homologous to the human INSR gene and was previously shown to be regulated by multiple transcriptional elements located primarily within the introns of the gene. These elements were roughly defined in ~1.5 kbp segments, but we lack an understanding of the potential detailed mechanisms of their regulation. We characterized the substructure of these cis-regulatory elements in Drosophila S2 cells, focusing on regulation through the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and the dFOXO transcription factor. By identifying specific locations of activators and repressors within 300 bp subelements, we show that some previously identified enhancers consist of relatively compact clusters of activators, while others have a distributed architecture not amenable to further reduction. In addition, these assays uncovered a long-range repressive action of unliganded EcR. The complex transcriptional circuitry likely endows InR with a highly flexible and tissue-specific response to tune insulin signalling. Further studies will provide insights to demonstrate the impact of natural variation in this gene’s regulation, applicable to human genetic studies.