Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurofilament protein synthesis in DRG neurons decreases more after peripheral axotomy than after central axotomy

Cytoskeletal protein synthesis was studied in DRG neurons after transecting either their peripheral or their central branch axons. Specifically, the axons were transected 5–10 mm from the lumbar-5 ganglion on one side of the animal; the DRGs from the transected side and contralateral control side were labeled with radiolabeled amino acids in vitro; radiolabeled proteins were separated by 2-dimensional (2D) PAGE; and the amounts of radiolabel in certain proteins of the experimental and control ganglia were quantified and compared. We focused on the neurofilament proteins because they are neuron-specific. If either the peripheral or central axons were cut, the amounts of radiolabeled neurofilament protein synthesized by the DRG neurons decreased between 1 and 10 d after transection. Neurofilament protein labeling decreased more after transection of the peripheral axons than after transection of the central axons. In contrast to axonal transections, sham operations or heat shock did not decrease the radiolabeling of the neurofilament proteins, and these procedures also affected the labeling of actin, tubulin, and the heat-shock proteins differently from transection. These results and others indicate that axonal transection leads to specific changes in the synthesis of cytoskeletal proteins of DRG neurons, and that these changes differ from those produced by stress to the animal or ganglia. Studies of the changes in neurofilament protein synthesis from 1 to 40 d after axonal transection indicate that the amounts of radiolabeled neurofilament protein synthesis were decreased during axonal elongation, but that they returned toward control levels when the axons reached cells that stopped elongation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Can personality explain genetic influences on life events?

Previous research in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) has found genetic influences on life events (R. Plomin, P. Lichtenstein, N.L. Pedersen, G.E. McClearn, & J.R. Nesselroade, 1990). The present study extends this finding by examining sex differences in genetic and environmental contributions to life events and by examining personality as a mediator of genetic influences on life events in SATSA. Analyses were based on 320 twin pairs, including identical and fraternal twins reared together and apart (mean age = 58.6 years). Controllable, desirable, and undesirable life events were revealed significant genetic variance for women. There was no significant genetic variance for either sex for uncontrollable events. Multivariate analyses of personality (as indexed by Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience) and life events suggest that all of the genetic variance on controllable, desirable, and undesirable life events for women is common to personality. Thus, in this sample of older adult women, genetic influences on life events appear to be entirely mediated by personality.
Effect of loxiglumide and atropine on erythromycin‐induced reduction in gallbladder volume in human subjects

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of erythromycin, a motilin agonist with prokinetic activity, on fasting gallbladder volume. To evaluate the mechanism of action of erythromycin on gallbladder motility, erythromycin (3.5 mg/kg · 20 min, intravenously) was infused on three separate occasions: during cholinergic blockade with atropine (0.005 mg/kg · hr), during cholecystokinin receptor blockade with loxiglumide (10 mg/kg · hr) and during saline solution infusion (control). Atropine, loxiglumide and saline solution infusions were started 3 hr before administration of erythromycin and were continued for 3 hr thereafter. Gallbladder volumes (measured by ultrasonography), plasma cholecystokinin levels (radioimmunoassay) and plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels (radioimmunoassay) were determined at regular intervals for 6 hr in six healthy volunteers. During the 3‐hr infusion before administration of erythromycin, both loxiglumide and atropine significantly increased gallbladder volumes—from 18 ± 2 to 37 ± 3 cm3 (p < 0.05) and from 17 ± 3 to 24 ± 2 cm3 (p < 0.05), respectively—whereas saline solution did not significantly affect gallbladder volume. During control saline solution infusion, erythromycin induced prolonged gallbladder contraction that was significant (p < 0.05) between 60 and 180 min and reached a maximum of 45% ± 8% at 150 min. Plasma cholecystokinin levels were not affected by erythromycin. Erythromycin induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels, from 12 ± 1 pmol/L to 34 ± 3 pmol/L. Loxiglumide did not prevent the erythromycininduced reduction in gallbladder volume. Atropine markedly reduced the effect of erythromycin, causing slight but significant (p < 0.05) gallbladder volume reductions (18% ± 4%) between 150 and 180 min. Atropine completely abolished the effect of erythromycin on pancreatic polypeptide secretion. In conclusion, both CCK and the cholinergic system are involved in the regulation of fasting gallbladder volume and erythromycin induces a significant reduction in gallbladder volume that is regulated by cholinergic mechanisms, whereas cholecystokinin is not involved. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:937–942.)
Chronic Oral Epigallocatechin-gallate Alleviates Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Neuropathic Hyperalgesia in Rat: Involvement of Oxidative Stress

Due to the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of green tea epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), this research study was conducted to evaluate, for the first time, the efficacy of chronic treatment of EGCG on alleviation of hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-diabetic (STZ-diabetic) rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic, EGCG-treated-control and diabetic and sodium salicylate (SS)-treated control and diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, STZ was intraperitoneally injected (IP) at a single dose of 60 mg/Kg. EGCG was orally administered daily at doses of 20 and 40 mg/Kg for seven weeks; one week after diabetes induction. Finally, hyperalgesia was assessed using standard formalin, hot tail immersion and paw pressure tests. Meanwhile, markers of oxidative stress in brain were measured. Diabetic rats showed a marked chemical, thermal and paw pressure hyperalgesia, indicating that the development of diabetic neuropathy and EGCG treatment at a dose 40 mg/Kg significantly ameliorated the alteration in hyperalgesia (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats as compared with untreated diabetics. EGCG treatment (40 mg/Kg) also significantly decreased diabetes-induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation (p < 0.05) and nitrite (p < 0.05) content and reversed the reduction of antioxidant defensive enzyme superoxide dismutase (p < 0.05). The results may suggest therapeutic potential of EGCG for the treatment of diabetic hyperalgesia through the attenuation of oxidative stress.
Bioengineering and Biotechnology Perspective Article a Systems Engineering Perspective on Homeostasis and Disease

Engineered systems are coupled networks of interacting subsystems , whose dynamics are constrained to requirements of robustness and flexibility. They have evolved by design to optimize function in a changing environment and maintain responses within ranges. Analysis, synthesis, and design of complex supply chains aim to identify and explore the laws governing optimally integrated systems. Optimality expresses balance between conflicting objectives while resiliency results from dynamic interactions among elements. Our increasing understanding of life's multi-scale architecture suggests that living systems share similar characteristics with much to be learned about biological complexity from engineered systems. If health reflects a dynamically stable integration of molecules, cell, tissues, and organs; disease indicates displacement compensated for and corrected by activation and combination of feedback mechanisms through interconnected networks. In this article, we draw analogies between concepts in systems engineering and conceptual models of health and disease; establish connections between these concepts and phys-iologic modeling; and describe how these mirror onto the physiological counterparts of engineered systems.
The influence of parameters variation on efficiency optimization control for electric vehicle drive motor

The parameters variation of electric vehicle induction motor drive system will directly affect the implementation effect of efficiency optimization control strategy. An efficiency optimization strategy based on loss model is given at first, the relationships between the algorithm parameter-dependent and the motor speed are discussed based on the parameter sensitivity analysis then, and the influence of iron loss equivalent resistance variation and magnetic saturation nonlinearity on efficiency optimization control are analyzed in details. The experiment system is built with DSP TMS320LF2407A, the experimental results verify the validity of the analysis. It provides a sound practical guidance for efficiency optimization control implementation of electric vehicle propulsion system.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Nutrition Education for Improvement of Diet Quality and Inflammation in Iranian Obese Women

Background. Obesity is considered as a low grade inflammation condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nutritional education on diet quality and biomarkers of inflammation in Iranian obese women. Method. Sixty obese women voluntarily participated in this randomized clinical trial and were randomly assigned to intervention or control group (n = 30). Intervention group was instructed to attend nutrition education sessions (1 hr/wk, for 3 months) in small groups. Diet quality scores were measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Anthropometric indices and serum concentration of hs-CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin were measured at the baseline and end of the intervention. Results. There were no significant differences in anthropometric indices of participants between the two groups at the end of intervention (P > 0.05). However, the total HEI score was significantly higher in the educated group compared to the control group after intervention (P < 0.05). The educated group also showed significant lower concentration of TNF-α and hs-CRP and higher levels of adiponectin than the control group at the end of study (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Our results provide limited evidence that higher dietary quality contributes to reduced inflammation in obese women. This effect could be independent of the weight loss.
Helicobacter and Gastric Malignancies

Individuals infected with Helicobacter pylori, a stomach colonizing bacteria, have an increased risk of developing gastric malignancies. The risk for developing cancer relates to the physiologic and histologic changes that H. pylori infection induces in the stomach. In the last year numerous studies have been conducted in order to characterize the association between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer. These studies range from epidemiologic approaches aiming at the identification of environmental, host genetic, and bacterial factors associated with risk of gastric cancer, to molecular and cell biology approaches aiming at understanding the interaction between H. pylori and the transforming epithelial cell. In this review an account of the last year's research activity on the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cancer will be given.
Freeman's decomposition model based new spill detector

In this paper, a new parameter called Bragg energy proportion is introduced for spill oil detection, based on Freeman decomposition model. Bragg energy proportion is small in spill region and it is large in sea clutter region or Oleyl Alcohol (OLA) region. So, this parameter can be used to detect oil spill from sea clutter and meanwhile it reduces the OLA false-alarm effectively. In addition, the parameter is derived by HH\VV dual-polarized SAR data. Using C band SIR-C SAR data, the authors demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The many faces of fat necrosis in the breast.

OBJECTIVE This article describes the manifestations of fat necrosis on mammography, sonography, and MRI and correlates the imaging findings with the pathologic findings. CONCLUSION On imaging studies, the appearance of fat necrosis ranges from typically benign to worrisome for malignancy. Mammography is more specific than sonography, and emphasis should be placed on mammography in making the diagnosis of fat necrosis. In selected cases, MRI may be helpful in showing findings consistent with fat necrosis.
Improved Capacity Scaling in Wireless Networks With Infrastructure

This paper analyzes the impact and benefits of infrastructure support in improving the throughput scaling in networks of n randomly located wireless nodes. The infrastructure uses multiantenna base stations (BSs), in which the number of BSs and the number of antennas at each BS can scale at arbitrary rates relative to n. Under the model, capacity scaling laws are analyzed for both dense and extended networks. Two BS-based routing schemes are first introduced in this study: an infrastructure-supported single-hop (ISH) routing protocol with multiple-access uplink and broadcast downlink and an infrastructure-supported multihop (IMH) routing protocol. Then, their achievable throughput scalings are analyzed. These schemes are compared against two conventional schemes without BSs: the multihop (MH) transmission and hierarchical cooperation (HC) schemes. It is shown that a linear throughput scaling is achieved in dense networks, as in the case without help of BSs. In contrast, the proposed BS-based routing schemes can, under realistic network conditions, improve the throughput scaling significantly in extended networks. The gain comes from the following advantages of these BS-based protocols. First, more nodes can transmit simultaneously in the proposed scheme than in the MH scheme if the number of BSs and the number of antennas are large enough. Second, by improving the long-distance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the received signal power can be larger than that of the HC, enabling a better throughput scaling under extended networks. Furthermore, by deriving the corresponding information-theoretic cut-set upper bounds, it is shown under extended networks that a combination of four schemes IMH, ISH, MH, and HC is order-optimal in all operating regimes.
Multicast traffic grooming in tap-and-continue WDM mesh networks

Multicast applications are expected to be major drivers of Internet traffic growth. As most multicast connections require much lower bandwidth than the capacity offered by a wavelength, multicast traffic grooming is needed to efficiently use network resources. Recent research on multicast grooming has focused on light-trees because of their natural advantage for multicast traffic. However, using light-trees may lead to some serious negative side effects because of light splitting. In this paper, we investigate the multicast traffic grooming problem in tap-and-continue (TaC) networks, where a node can tap a small amount of incoming optical power for the local station while forwarding the remainder to an output. We first propose a simple and efficient node architecture with the TaC mechanism. We use this in an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation with the objective of minimizing the network cost in terms of the number of higher layer electronic ports and the number of wavelengths used. Since the ILP is not scalable, two heuristic algorithms, multicast trail grooming (MTG) and multiple destination trail-based grooming (MDTG), are proposed. Using the ILP, we show that having more costly nodes with multicast capability does not improve the performance significantly. The solutions obtained by MTG and MDTG are close to the ILP optimal solution. MTG and MDTG are shown to work efficiently for typical network topologies such as NSFNET, with MTG showing better performance than MDTG.
Wavelength router for energy efficient photonic aggregation with large-scale λ-tunable WDM/TDM-PON

This paper proposes a wavelength router configuration with large aggregation ratio for lambda (λ)-tunable wavelength-division-multiplexing / time-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM/TDM-PON). With this router, the aggregation functions of layer-2 switches (L2SWs) in the conventional access networks are moved into the PON; photonic aggregation. Therefore, L2SWs are no longer required, which lowers power consumptions in the central office. Our wavelength router comprises cyclic arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs), two-stage power splitters that work for wavelength-routing and aggregating the traffics from different PON branches, respectively. Optical amplifiers are placed in parallel between each stage of power splitters to compensate for the insertion losses of this router itself, and the number of optical amplifiers is proportional to that of splitting ratios of power splitters on the optical subscriber unit (OSU) side. When the total aggregation ratio of the router is fixed, the allowable combination of the splitting ratios of each stage is decided to fulfill the loss budget requirements. Based on theoretical analysis clarifying the allowable combinations, we decide the router configuration with the lowest power consumption and estimate the impact of the photonic aggregation on the power consumption in the central office.
Effect of drug combinations on admission for recurrent myocardial infarction

Objective: To determine the effect of the number of different drugs with adherence to medication of at least 70% on recurrent admission for myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with a history of MI. Design: Nested case–control study in a dynamic cohort. Setting: PHARMO database that contains pharmacy dispensing records and hospital discharge records of 350 000 Dutch citizens. Subjects: All patients admitted to hospital for first MI (ICD-9 410) from 1991 to 2000 with at least a 30-day survival after admission. Cases were admitted for recurrent MI and were matched for age, sex, and year of admission with controls who did not have a recurrent MI. Main outcome measure(s): Odds ratio with 95% CI for admission for recurrent MI. Exposure was the number of preventive drugs (antiplatelet agents, statins and β blockers or ACE inhibitors) used for at least 70% of the time. Results: 389 cases were matched with 2344 controls. The use of one drug was associated with a 6% odds reduction (95% CI 30% reduction to 28% increase) for admission for recurrent MI. The use of two or three drugs was associated with reductions of 26% and 41% (47% reduction to 3% increase and 6% to 63% reduction, respectively). Addition of one drug caused a 16% reduction (4% to 26%). Conclusions: Multiple drug treatment decreases admissions for recurrent MI in patients with a history of MI. Every addition of a drug, regardless of drug class, reduces the risk even further. These results support the treatment strategies as applied in daily practice.
Cisatracurium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade in Anticonvulsant Treated Neurosurgical Patients

Patients treated with the anticonvulsants phenytoin or carbamazepine are resistant to steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents. We studied the effect of cisatracurium on onset, duration, and speed of recovery from neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in acutely anticonvulsant treated patients ([< 2 weeks] [AA]), chronically anticonvulsant treated patients ([> 2 weeks] [CA]) and patients not on anticonvulsants ([controls] [C]). After Internal Review Board approval, 10 AA, 14 CA, and 14 C neurosurgical patients were studied. Anesthetic induction was midazolam, fentanyl, and thiopental, and maintenance was fentanyl and 0.5 MAC isoflurane in O2. The evoked compound electromyogram of the hypothenar eminence was monitored (TOF supramaximal stimulus at 2 Hz every 20 seconds). Baseline TOF was established, then cisatracurium (0.2 mg/kg) was administered IV. Onset (time to maximal paralysis), duration [time to recovery of first twitch (T1) to 25% of baseline] and speed of recovery (time of recovery from 10%–25% of baseline) were recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Onset (C = 4 ± 2, AA = 3 ± 1, CA = 3 ± 1.5 minutes) and duration (C = 69 ± 13, AA = 64 ± 19, CA =59 ± 19 minutes) were not different among the groups (P > .7). Speed of recovery was significantly faster in both AA (6 ± 2 minutes) and CA (6 ± 3 minutes) than in C (12 ± 9 minutes) patients (P < .05). (Data = mean ± SD). Onset and duration of cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular relaxation was not affected by acute or chronic anticonvulsant treatment, but speed of recovery was significantly faster. Frequent NMB monitoring is necessary to detect the greater speed of recovery in anticonvulsant-treated patients during cisatracurium muscle relaxation.
Studies on the innervation of human renal allografts

Kidneys are innervated by a plexus of nerves around the renal artery, which is disrupted by transplantation. This is a report of a comparison of the nerves in human renal allografts and normal kidneys. There were many sympathetic ganglia around normal renal arteries but none around transplanted vessels, although equal numbers of ganglia were present in hilar tissues of normal and transplanted kidneys. An immunohistological study with an antibody to synaptophysin showed that the number of synapses in transplanted ganglia was severely reduced. Immunohistological studies on allograft kidneys using antibodies to various neurofilament proteins and the Schwann cell marker S100 showed a marked reduction in neurofilament proteins shortly after transplantation with subsequent partial recovery, and a lesser reduction in S100. Renal allografts have structurally abnormal innervation but are not completely denervated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaling a monitoring infrastructure for the Akamai network

We describe the design of, and experience with, Query, a monitoring system that supports the Akamai EdgePlatform. Query is a foundation of Akamai's approach to administering its distributed computing platform, allowing administrators, operations staff, developers, customers, and automated systems near real-time access to data about activity in Akamai's network. Users extract information regarding the current state of the network via a SQL-like interface. Versions of Query have been deployed since the inception of Akamai's platform, and it has scaled to support a distributed platform of 60,000+ servers, collecting over 200 gigabytes of data and answering over 30,000 queries approximately every 2 minutes.
Susceptibility of adult phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis.

Les phlebotomes s'alimentant librement ingereront de la toxine de B. thuringiensis var. israeliensis (B.t.i) a partir d'effets sucres et une relativement faible concentration de cette toxine peut efficacement tuer un pourcentage important des moustiques exposes. Il peut etre possible d'utiliser l'avidite des phlebotomes pour le sucre comme instrument pour le controle de la leishmaniose
Generalised Interpolation by Solving Recursion-Free Horn Clauses

In this paper we present InterHorn, a solver for recursion-free Horn clauses. The main application domain of InterHorn lies in solving interpolation problems arising in software verification. We show how a range of interpolation problems, including path, transition, nested, state/transition and well-founded interpolation can be handled directly by InterHorn. By detailing these interpolation problems and their Horn clause representations, we hope to encourage the emergence of a common back-end interpolation interface useful for diverse verification tools.