Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 4 Geological development and regional significance of an oceanic magmatic arc and its sedimentary cover: Permian Brook Street Terrane, South Island, New Zealand

Abstract The c. 450 km-long Brook Street Terrane (pre-Alpine Fault displacement) sheds light on processes of arc magmatism and related sedimentation. A very thick (up to 15 km) succession accumulated south of the Alpine Fault in the Takitimu Mountains during the Early Permian. Predominant arc-flank talus is intercalated with basic extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks. Volcaniclastic sediments mainly accumulated by mass-flow and turbidity current processes. The sediments were mostly derived from differentiated, arc-core, basaltic–andesitic rocks, contrasting with less evolved arc-flank flows and minor intrusions. Some igneous rocks are mildly enriched, supporting an extensional back-arc setting. After volcanism ended, Middle–Late Permian mixed carbonate–volcaniclastic gravity-flow deposits were derived from a non-exposed carbonate platform. Other volcanogenic successions in the south (Bluff, Riverton) represent smaller eruptive centres. In contrast, north of the Alpine Fault (e.g. Nelson), volcanism began with mostly felsic tuffaceous gravity-flow deposits, followed by extrusion/intrusion of clinopyroxene-rich, primitive magmas, related to arc rifting, and ended with an accumulation of a mixed basic–felsic volcaniclastic forearc apron. Taking account of regional comparisons, the Early Permian arc is interpreted as having formed adjacent to Gondwana (on accreted or trapped oceanic lithosphere), whereas the lithologies north of the Alpine Fault represent contrasting Late Permian continental arc magmatism.
Dysphagia treatment post stroke: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND dysphagia is common following stroke and is associated with the development of pneumonia. Many dysphagia treatment options are available, some still experimental and others already rooted in common practice. Previous reviews of these treatments were limited due to a dearth of available studies. Recently, more trials have been published warranting a re-examination of the evidence. OBJECTIVE a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs), updating previous work and evaluating a broader range of therapeutic interventions intended for use in adults recovering from stroke and dysphagia. METHODS using multiple databases, we identified RCTs published between the years 1966 and August 2007 examining the efficacy of dysphagia therapies following stroke. Across studies, results of similar treatments and outcomes were compared and evaluated. RESULTS fifteen articles were retrieved assessing a broad range of treatments that included texture-modified diets, general dysphagia therapy programmes, non-oral (enteral) feeding, medications, and physical and olfactory stimulation. Across the studies there was heterogeneity of the treatments evaluated and the outcomes assessed that precluded the use of pooled analyses. Descriptively these findings present emerging evidence that nasogastric tube feeding is not associated with a higher risk of death compared to percutaneous feeding tubes; and general dysphagia therapy programmes are associated with a reduced risk of pneumonia in the acute stage of stroke. CONCLUSIONS dysphagia is known to be a common and potentially serious complication of stroke. Despite the recent newly published RCTs, few utilise the same treatment and outcomes thereby limiting the evidence to support the medical effectiveness of common dysphagia treatments used for patients recovering from stroke.
Effect of Ambiguity and Lexical Availability on Syntactic and Lexical Production

Speakers only sometimes include the that in sentence complement structures like The coach knew (that) you missed practice. Six experiments tested the predictions concerning optional word mention of two general approaches to language production. One approach claims that language production processes choose syntactic structures that ease the task of creating sentences, so that words are spoken opportunistically, as they are selected for production. The second approach claims that a syntactic structure is chosen that is easiest to comprehend, so that optional words like that are used to avoid temporarily ambiguous, difficult-to-comprehend sentences. In all experiments, speakers did not consistently include optional words to circumvent a temporary ambiguity, but they did omit optional words (the complementizer that) when subsequent material was either repeated (within a sentence) or prompted with a recall cue. The results suggest that speakers choose syntactic structures to permit early mention of available material and not to circumvent disruptive temporary ambiguities.
Phase II study of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

Twenty-three children with congenital or acquired hematological disorders and 8 children with solid tumors received filgrastim at a dose of 5 micrograms/Kg by a daily 2-hour infusion following allogeneic (18 cases) or autologous (13 cases) bone marrow transplantation (group I). The results were compared with those of a disease, age and type of transplant matched cohort of 31 children treated in the same institution who did not receive the growth factor (group II). Filgrastim treatment was started within 24 hours of completion of the marrow infusion and lasted for 21 consecutive days or until the absolute neutrophil count reached 10 x 10(9)/l for 3 consecutive days. Twelve variables were evaluated prospectively in Group I and retrospectively in Group II. Myeloid reconstitution with peripheral granulocyte counts > 0.5 x 10(9)/L was achieved at a median time of 13 days in group I and of 14 days in group II (p = ns). Platelet recovery to > 50 x 10(9)/L was slower in group I (43 vs 30 days: p < .05). Median time to last platelet and red blood cell infusion was higher in group I (33 vs 18 days for platelets, p < .05; 45 vs 25 for red blood cells, p < .005). Filgrastim-treated children undergoing autologous BMT had fewer days of fever (6 vs 10 days, p < .05). There was no significant toxicity ascribable to filgrastim. Clinically and microbiologically documented infections, days of antibiotic therapy, duration of total parenteral nutrition and median time in hospital were similar in both groups. We conclude that in children undergoing autologous BMT for malignancies, filgrastim significantly reduced the number of febrile days. Similar benefits were not observed in children undergoing allogeneic BMT. Children receiving filgrastim experienced a delay in erythrocyte and platelet recovery. A prospective randomized study is required to better define the cost-benefit of filgrastim in children undergoing autologous or allogeneic BMT.
Kit Regulates Maintenance of Quiescent Hematopoietic Stem Cells1

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers are tightly regulated and maintained in postnatal hematopoiesis. Extensive studies have supported a role of the cytokine tyrosine kinase receptor Kit in sustaining cycling HSCs when competing with wild-type HSCs posttransplantation, but not in maintenance of quiescent HSCs in steady state adult bone marrow. In this study, we investigated HSC regulation in White Spotting 41 (KitW41/W41) mice, with a partial loss of function of Kit. Although the extensive fetal HSC expansion was Kit-independent, adult KitW41/W41 mice had an almost 2-fold reduction in long-term HSCs, reflecting a loss of roughly 10,000 Lin−Sca-1+Kithigh (LSK)CD34−Flt3− long-term HSCs by 12 wk of age, whereas LSKCD34+Flt3− short-term HSCs and LSKCD34+Flt3+ multipotent progenitors were less affected. Whereas homing and initial reconstitution of KitW41/W41 bone marrow cells in myeloablated recipients were close to normal, self-renewing KitW41/W41 HSCs were progressively depleted in not only competitive but also noncompetitive transplantation assays. Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic regulator BCL-2 partially rescued the posttransplantation KitW41/W41 HSC deficiency, suggesting that Kit might at least in the posttransplantation setting in part sustain HSC numbers by promoting HSC survival. Most notably, accelerated in vivo BrdU incorporation and cell cycle kinetics implicated a previously unrecognized role of Kit in maintaining quiescent HSCs in steady state adult hematopoiesis.
Effects of repetitive motion on human fibroblasts.

Repetitive motion injuries such as tendonitis are common sports injuries. However, few scientific studies are available on the effects of repetitive motion on mesenchymal cells and the presumed inflammatory response. This study used a new in vitro model to study the effects of repetitive motion. Human tendon fibroblasts were subcultured and plated on culture wells with flexible bottoms. The cells were repetitively stretched using a micro-processor-controlled pressure unit that causes a cyclic deformation of the flexible bottom. The wells were divided in the following groups: group I controls without repetitive motion, group IIA repetitive motion with 0.25 strain at 0.17 Hz (10 cycles.min-1), group IIB repetitive motion with 0.25 strain and 0.17 Hz in presence of 25 microM indomethacin, and group III repetitive motion with 0.25 strain at 1 Hz (60 cycles.min-1). After 3 h of stimulation the supernatant fluids were harvested and evaluated for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The results showed significantly (P < 0.001) increased levels of PGE2 in groups IIA (46.9 +/- 4.7 pg.0.1 ml-1) and III (65.7 +/- 8.0 pg.0.1 ml-1). This represents a 1.3- and 1.8-fold increase, respectively, compared with the control group I (36.4 +/- 5.9 pg.0.1 ml-1). LTB4 was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in the indomethacin-treated group IIB (45.0 +/- 11.0 pg.0.1 ml-1) compared with very low levels in all other groups. LDH was not significantly different in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group I. The results indicate that repetitive motion induces production of PGE2. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimal Hedging Strategy in Stock Index Futures Markets

In this paper we search for optimal hedging strategy in stock index futures markets. We concentrate on the strategy that minimizes the portfolio risk, i.e., minimum variance hedge ratio (MVHR) estimated from a range of time series models with different assumptions of market volatility. They are linear regression models that assume time-invariant volatility; GARCH-type models that assume time-varying volatility, Markov regime switching (MRS) regression models that assume state-varying volatility, and MRS GARCH models that assume both time-varying and state-varying volatility. We use both maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayesian Gibbs-sampling approach to estimate the models in four commonly used index futures contracts: S&P 500, FTSE 100, Nikkei 225 and Hang Seng index. We apply risk reduction and utility maximization criterions to evaluate hedging performance of MVHRs estimated from these models. The in-sample results show that the optimal hedging strategy for the S&P 500 and the Hang Seng index futures contracts is the MVHR estimated using the MRS-OLS model, while the optimal hedging strategy for the Nikkei 225 and the FTSE 100 futures contracts is the MVHR estimated using the asymmetric-Diagonal-BEKK-GARCH and the asymmetric-DCC-GARCH model, respectively. As in the out-of-sample investigation, the optimal strategy for the S&P 500 index futures remains unchanged while the optimal strategy for other futures contracts is different from the in-sample results. The MVHR estimated from the MRS-VECM model perform the best for the Nikkei 225 futures contract. The scalar-BEEK-GARCH model delivers the optimal strategy for both the FTSE 100 and the Hang Seng index futures contracts. Overall the evidence suggests that there is no single model that can consistently produce the best strategy across different index futures contracts. Using a more sophisticated model such as MRS-MGARCH model does not necessarily improve hedging efficiency. However, there is evidence that using Bayesian Gibbs-sampling approach to estimate the MRS models provides investors more efficient hedging strategy compared with the MLE method.
Behaviour of Premium Paid by Supermarket and Trade-off Facing Farmers

The argument that supermarkets might pay higher prices to farmers because of their economies of scale remains a contentious issue in India. Using procurement price data of one of the leading supermarket chains, Aditya Birla More (ABM), the impact of supply relationship on the premium paid to the farmers was analysed. The findings suggest that conditional premium associated with ABM chain is positively significant, which shows that farmers gains because of disintermediation. However, it is crop specific. At the same time, evidence shows that it poses challenges in the form of high price volatility, compared to traditional market, irrespective of the season. Further, season-wise mean analysis proves that ABM manages to procure good quality produce in the lean season by paying lower premium than the peak season.
High frequency transients propagation and the multiple reflections effect in collection grids for offshore wind parks

Since the Kyoto Protocol came into force in 2005, Europe is been pushed to turn itself into a green energy market. A lot of efforts had already been made, and a lot more is expected especially in the wind field. The plans of the wind industry to achieve the 20–20–20 program's targets include a 6 billion Euros investment to make offshore wind parks the most competitive energy source in Europe by 2030, when it's expected that this kind of energy will supply 33% of the EU's energy, and 50% by 2050. However, as only 1.5 GW of offshore WP was operating in 2008, there is still a lack of knowledge about the dynamic behavior of this kind of installations. The short distances involved in the collection grid, added to the multiple reflection points and possibility of constructive interference is suspected to be able to create overvoltages higher than the equipment's withstand levels.
Perioperative analgesic effects of intravenous paracetamol: Preemptive versus preventive analgesia in elective cesarean section

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is the one of the most common surgical procedure in women. There is preoperative stress effect before the delivery of the baby as (intubation and skin incision). There is acute postoperative pain, which may be progressed to chronic pain. All these perioperative stress effects need for various approach of treatment, which including systemic and neuraxial analgesia. The different analgesia modalities may affect and impair early interaction between mother and infant. Preemptive intravenous (I.V.) paracetamol (before induction) may reduce stress response before the delivery of the baby, intraoperative opioids and postoperative pain. Objectives: The aim of this study to compare between the administration of I.V. paracetamol as: Preemptive analgesia (preoperative) and preventive analgesia (at the end of surgery) as regards of hemodynamic, pain control, duration of analgesia, cumulative doses of intraoperative opioids and their related side-effects and to compare between two different protocols of postoperative analgesia and their cumulative doses. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients undergoing elective CS were randomly enrolled in this study and divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group I: i.V. paracetamol 1 g (100 ml) was given 30 min before induction of anesthesia. Group II: i.V. paracetamol 1 g (100 ml) was given 30 min before the end of surgery. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded. Postoperative pain was assessed by visual analog score. Postoperative pethidine was given by two different protocols: group I: 0.5 mg/kg was divided into 0.25 mg/kg intramuscular and 0.25 mg/kg I.V. Group II was given pethidine 0.5 mg/kg I.V. Doses of intraoperative fentanyl, postoperative pethidine, duration of paracetamol analgesic time, time to next analgesia, and side-effects of opioid were noted and compared. Result: Preemptive group had hemodynamic stability, especially before delivery of the baby P < 0.001. Preventive group had longer duration of paracetamol analgesia and higher intraoperative opioid P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively. Preemptive group had longer time for next analgesia and lower incidences of postoperative side-effects P < 0.001 and P < 0.05. Preemptive group had higher pain scores in immediate postoperative and after 6 h but preventive group had higher pain scores in 4 and 8 h postoperatively P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively. Conclusion: Preemptive paracetamol and immediate postoperative opioid analgesia were more effective than preventive paracetamol.
Limitations of the s(E+N) and related equations: solvent dependence of electrophilicity.

The s(E+N) equation [Eq. (1)] has been developed empirically from constant selectivity relationships 4] to correlate logarithms of rate constants (log k) at 20 8C for a huge range of reactions of electrophiles (electrophilicity E) and nucleophiles (nucleophilicity N); in Equation (1), s (or sN) [5–7] is referred to as a “nucleophile-specific” parameter, and in Equation (2), sE is an “electrophile-specific” parameter. Initially Equation (1) was intended to be “semi-quantitative”(reliable to an order or two of magnitude), but confidence has grown to such an extent that many values of E and N are quoted to an accuracy of four significant figures. Furthermore, it has recently been proposed that Equation (2) is the basis of a general scale of nucleophilicity from which various other scales can be derived: for example, Equation (1) is derived from Equation (2) if sE = 1, as observed for many cation–anion recombinations. When an equation fits a huge amount of data, it is tempting to conclude that a fundamental “general relationship” has been established. The situation is reminiscent of claims made in the early 1980s for solvent effects; after lively exchanges of strongly opposing views, the consensus is that linear free-energy relationships are local empirical rules or quantitative similarity models. Far from behaving as a fundamental law, providing a challenge to theory, Equation (2) is shown below (Table 1) to be incorrect. The constants (independent variables) for typical correlations (e.g. Hammett s) are usually defined directly from experimental data, and the slopes (e.g. 1) are optimized, adjustable parameters. In contrast, over 1000 values of the adjustable parameters E, N, or sN have emerged from complex optimizations of data for benzhydrylium cations (e.g. 1 and 2), illustrated in Scheme 1 for the parts required for water as solvent (the complete scheme is much larger and is explained in detail elsewhere). Preferably, there should be a ratio of five data points per independent or explanatory variable, whereas in the
Emotional preferences and goals and emotion dysregulation in children with Asperger's syndrome and typically developing children

OBJECTIVES Emotion goals lie at the heart of emotion regulation, as people have to first decide what emotions they want to feel before engaging in emotion regulation. Given that children with Asperger's syndrome (AS) are characterized by exhibiting difficulties in emotion regulation, studying whether they display similar or different emotion goals compared to typically developing (TD) children may provide insightful information. METHODS Thirty AS and 30 TD children (10-12 years) reported about their general (i.e., how they want to feel in general) and contextualized (i.e., how they want to feel when confronting vs. collaborating with someone) emotion goals, and about their difficulties in emotion regulation through questionnaires. RESULTS Results showed that both groups did not differ in their general emotional goals and in their contextualized emotion goals for happiness for collaboration and anger for confrontation. AS children only differed from TD children in a higher preference for sadness for collaboration and happiness for confrontation. These emotion goals predicted their difficulties to engage in goal-directed behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results support the need to further study emotion goals as an aspect of emotion dysregulation, namely the difficulties to engage in goal-directed behaviour when experiencing different emotions. PRACTITIONER POINTS AS and TD children did not differ in their general emotion goals. AS and TD children did not vary in their preferences for happiness for collaboration and anger for confrontation. AS children only differed in a higher preference for sadness for collaboration and happiness for confrontation. Understanding emotion goals might help practitioners to develop better interventions.
Trends in Databases: Reasoning and Mining

We propose a temporal dependency, called trend dependency (TD), which captures a significant family of data evolution regularities. An example of such regularity is "Salaries of employees generally do not decrease. " TDs compare attributes over time using operators of { ,/spl les/,/spl ges/,/spl ne/}. We define a satisfiability problem that is the dual of the logical implication problem for TDs and we investigate the computational complexity of both problems. As TDs allow expressing meaningful trends, "mining" them from existing databases is interesting. For the purpose of TD mining, TD satisfaction is characterized by support and confidence measures. We study the problem TDMINE: given a temporal database, mine the TDs that conform to a given template and whose support and confidence exceed certain threshold values. The complexity of TDMINE is studied, as well as algorithms to solve the problem.
Performance evaluation of dissolved gas analysis techniques against measurement errors

Fault diagnosing power transformers based on dissolved gas analysis (DGA) has become an important and a significant tool. There are a number of techniques developed for DGA that are represented extensively in literature. In practical application of DGA, there is a degree of measurement errors in obtained data. These errors are produced from inaccuracy in measurement system, environmental impact, and human errors. In the present study, it is aimed to investigate the sensitivity of different DGA techniques against measurement errors. The considered DGA techniques are IEC Ratio, Duval Triangle, and Pentagon shape. A total number of 380 actual samples were obtained from the Egyptian Electricity Network as well as published reports. Measurement errors are modeled with various levels as a percentage of original data using a random function. The three different DGA techniques are applied for error data and the corresponding diagnostic accuracy is evaluated. The techniques are compared on two stages. The first stage includes the comparison for only main faults, thermal, arcing and partial discharge. The second stage compares the diagnostic accuracy for detailed faults, such as low thermal, medium thermal, high thermal, and so on. Based on the results, the most robust technique is adopted.