Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multicolor fluorescent light-emitting diodes based on cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots

High quantum yield, narrow full width at half-maximum and tunable emission color of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) make this kind of material good prospects for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the relatively poor stability under high temperature and air condition limits the device performance. To overcome this issue, the liquid-type packaging structure in combination with blue LED chip was employed to fabricate the fluorescent perovskite quantum dot-based LEDs. A variety of monochromatic LEDs with green, yellow, reddish-orange, and red emission were fabricated by utilizing the inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots as the color-conversion layer, which exhibited the narrow full width at half-maximum (<35 nm), the relatively high luminous efficiency (reaching 75.5 lm/W), and the relatively high external quantum efficiency (14.6%), making it the best-performing perovskite LEDs so far. Compared to the solid state LED device, the liquid-type LED devices exhibited excellent color stability a.
Common DC-Link Multilevel Converters: Topologies, Control and Industrial Applications

Multilevel converters (MLCs) are widely recognized for their exceptional benefits and have emerged as the preferred choice for medium- and high-power/voltage applications. Their usage has also been extended to low-power applications to overcome issues associated with high switching frequencies and electromagnetic interference (EMI) commonly encountered in two-level converters. Common dc-link MLCs have received particular attention in industry due to their ability to eliminate the need for bulky and inefficient transformers and rectifiers, making them a compelling option for different applications, primarily medium- and high-power/voltage applications such as wind turbine (WT) power conversion systems. Furthermore, common dc-link topologies are required for back-to-back (BTB) configurations, as they facilitate the use of a shared dc-link between the rectification and inversion stages. Despite their popularity, there is currently no comprehensive review article dedicated to common dc-link topologies. This article addresses this gap by presenting a comprehensive review of common dc-link MLCs, covering their topological evolution, features, topologies comparison, modulation techniques, control strategies, and industrial application areas. Additionally, future perspectives and recommendations are discussed to provide researchers and engineers with a better understanding of the potential applications and advantages of these converters.
Reducing Power Consumption of AM Mini-LED Displays Using TFT-Matching Pixel Circuit

This letter presents a pixel circuit that is based on low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin-film-transistors (TFTs) to reduce the power consumption of active-matrix (AM) mini-LED (light-emitting diode) displays. Using the TFT-matching compensation, the proposed circuit can reduce the total voltage across each pixel in the array, reducing the power consumption of the display. Compensating for the threshold voltage variation of LTPS TFTs and the current-resistance drop of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> enables a stable driving current to be generated by the proposed circuit. To prove the reduction in power consumption, the proposed circuit and other compensating pixel circuits are compared. Simulations indicate that the power consumption of the proposed circuit is 13% lower than that of circuits with several TFTs in the driving current path. A 5.23-inch AM mini-LED display with a resolution of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$160\times135$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a frame rate of 120 Hz is implemented using the proposed circuit. Measurements demonstrate that the fabricated display produces uniform images at a gray level of 255. For the white image with a brightness of 1620 cd/m 2 and the power consumption of the display is 7.18 W.
Estratégias Metodológicas para enfrentar os Desafios do Ensino de Interação Humano-Computador no Brasil

Docentes que trabalham com disciplinas da área de Interação Humano-Computador (IHC), em cursos de Computação, são constantemente desafiados em virtude da interdisciplinaridade intrínseca da área, bem como dos rápidos avanços tecnológicos, que trazem novas demandas para o desenvolvimento de sistemas interativos. Nesse contexto, este artigo apresenta estratégias pedagógicas/metodológicas para uma disciplina de IHC, com vistas a enfrentar os principais desafios do ensino dessa área no Brasil. Tais estratégias foram trabalhadas em sala de aula, em uma disciplina de IHC ministrada para alunos de graduação em Sistemas de Informação do Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - IFNMG. Uma avaliação de tal experiência, realizada pelos alunos e professores envolvidos, mostra que, apesar das dificuldades relacionadas ao planejamento e execução das atividades relacionadas às estratégias, elas aumentaram, de forma geral, o interesse e a motivação dos alunos para aprenderem o conteúdo da disciplina. Assim, as estratégias pedagógicas apresentadas neste artigo contribuem para o ensino de IHC e também de outras disciplinas, devido ao seu potencial de replicação por docentes de diferentes áreas, em contextos distintos.
Metabolic Markers Associated with Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Single Low Dose Streptozotocin in Rats

Simple Summary Our experimental model of T2DM in rats is based on the development of insulin resistance induced by a four-week high-fat diet leading to obesity and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction caused by streptozotocin (STZ). Changes in anthropometric parameters, glucose, insulin, lipids, uric acid, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as the histological changes in the liver and pancreas, were recorded. To assess insulin resistance, we used the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-β) and visceral obesity—adiposity index (AI). The data demonstrate that the increasing values of glucose, HOMA-IR, AI, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low- and very-low-density lipoproteins are important markers of the pre-diabetic state induced by a long-term intake of a high-fat diet. Early metabolic markers of the disease were persistent hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, as well as increased uric acid, HOMA-IR and decreased HOMA-β. The progression of T2DM in rats was characterized by hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriacylglyceridaemia, an increase in lipoproteins, AI, uric acid, AOPP, HOMA-IR and decreased HOMA-β. A precise combination of several easily accessible metabolic markers is necessary to provide accurate information about T2DM in rats. Abstract Science is still searching for readily available, cost-effective biomarkers to assess metabolic disorders occurring before the onset and during the development of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to induce T2DM in rats through a high-fat diet, followed by a single administration of low dose streptozotocin (STZ), and make an assessment of the development of the disease. The rats were divided into two groups—experimental and control—and were monitored for a period of 10 days. Changes in anthropometric parameters, glucose, insulin, lipids, uric acid, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as the histological changes in the liver and pancreas, were recorded. To assess insulin resistance, we used the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-β) and visceral obesity—adiposity index (AI). The data demonstrate that the increasing values of glucose, HOMA-IR, AI, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low- and very-low-density lipoproteins are important markers of the pre-diabetic state. The stable hyperglycemia and increased levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL, uric acid and AOPP in experimental rats strongly suggest the development of T2DM. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, AI, and uric acid are reliable criteria for T2DM in rats.
Fluid-structure interaction of membrane aerofoils at low Reynolds numbers

This thesis investigates the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem of elastic membrane aerofoils at low Reynolds numbers. The dynamics of the fluid and membrane coupled system is studied via direct numerical simulation (DNS) using a newly developed computational framework whose characteristics and validation are included in this report. A set of two-dimensional DNS were performed for varying Reynolds number, membrane elasticity and aerofoil geometry in order to investigate the effect of these relevant fluid and structural parameters on the behaviour of fluid-structure coupled system. Static and dynamic features of the system, and their effect in aerodynamic properties, are described and compared for the different parameter combinations. The case with highest Reynolds number, Re = 10; 000, and intermediate elasticity was chosen as a base case to further study the fluid-structure coupling mechanism, particularly at low angle of attack conditions. The dynamic behaviour was characterised via spectral analysis in the frequency and wavenumber-frequency domains, which allowed the propagating wave nature of the membrane vibrations and their effect on the surrounding pressure field fluctuations to be clarified. The membrane vibrations are found to introduce upstream-propagating pressure waves that seem to be responsible for a loss in aerodynamic efficiency compared to a rigid aerofoil. Stability aspects of the FSI problem are also investigated by performing numerical experiments to analyse the response of the system to initial flow perturbations. The solutions of the 2D DNS are used as initial conditions for three-dimensional simulations, upon which initial perturbations in spanwise velocity are added. As the simulation is advanced in time the evolution of the perturbations is studied to determine the stability characteristics of the flow. Amplifications of the perturbations are found for Re > 10; 000. The coupling of the fully three-dimensional developed flow and the elastic aerofoil is also analysed with spectral techniques. Comparison of two- and three-dimensional results reveals that the three-dimensional flow development causes a decrease in the amplitude of the system fluctuations, but the same coupling mechanism found in the two-dimensional approach is also present in the three-dimensional case.
Multifeature fusion for automatic building change detection in wide-area imagery

Abstract. A strategy for detecting changes in known building regions in multitemporal visible and near-infrared imagery based on a linear combination of independent features is presented. Features identified for building and background detection include vegetation, texture, shadow intensity, and distance from known road areas. The resulting building candidates are classified by shape using a unique difference of Gaussian technique. Building regions reported in the reference dataset that indicate the initial observation time are revisited to check for changes in building candidates not identified in the feature fusion strategy. The performance of the proposed technique is tested on real-world aerial imagery and is evaluated visually and quantitatively. Compared with the gradient and normalized difference vegetation index-based building detection methods, the proposed fusion methodology yields better results. For building detection, it provided a completeness result of an average 82.08% and building change detection completeness result of an average 85.67% in our evaluations with five sample images, which included rural, suburban, and urban areas.
Research Progress of Electroplated Nanotwinned Copper in Microelectronic Packaging

Copper is the most common interconnecting material in the field of microelectronic packaging, which is widely used in advanced electronic packaging technologies. However, with the trend of the miniaturization of electronic devices, the dimensions of interconnectors have decreased from hundreds of microns to tens of or even several microns, which has brought serious reliability issues. As a result, nanotwinned copper (nt-Cu) has been proposed as a potential candidate material and is being certified progressively. Firstly, the physical properties of nt-Cu have been widely studied. Notably, the higher thermal stability and oxidation resistance of the (111) texture causes nt-Cu to maintain excellent physical properties under high-temperature serving conditions. Secondly, recent works on the electrolyte and electroplating processes of nt-Cu on wafer substrates are summarized, focusing on how to reduce the thickness of the transition layer, improve the twin density, and achieve complicated pattern filling. Thirdly, nt-Cu can effectively eliminate Kirkendall voids when it serves as UBM or a CuP. Additionally, the high (111) texture can control the preferred orientation of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the Cu–Sn interface, which should be helpful to improve the reliability of solder joints. nt-Cu has superior electromigration resistance and antithermal cycling ability compared to ordinary copper RDLs and TSVs. Above all, nt-Cu has attracted much attention in the field of microelectronic packaging in recent years. The preparation–performance–reliability interrelationship of nt-Cu is summarized and displayed in this paper, which provides a solid theoretical basis for its practical applications.
Protein-Based Hydrogels and Their Biomedical Applications

Hydrogels made from proteins are attractive materials for diverse medical applications, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and amenable to chemical and biological modifications. Recent advances in protein engineering, synthetic biology, and material science have enabled the fine-tuning of protein sequences, hydrogel structures, and hydrogel mechanical properties, allowing for a broad range of biomedical applications using protein hydrogels. This article reviews recent progresses on protein hydrogels with special focus on those made of microbially produced proteins. We discuss different hydrogel formation strategies and their associated hydrogel properties. We also review various biomedical applications, categorized by the origin of protein sequences. Lastly, current challenges and future opportunities in engineering protein-based hydrogels are discussed. We hope this review will inspire new ideas in material innovation, leading to advanced protein hydrogels with desirable properties for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Science diplomacy in China: Past, present and future

Science diplomacy has played an important role in Chinese history, including in the history of science and technology (S&T) development. While we may consider science diplomacy as simply a part of China's Reform and Opening-up policy, the fact is that even in the Kuomintang period (1925–1949) or the Maoist period (1949–1976) it was a key element of Chinese foreign relations. The targets and nature of science diplomacy were shaped by the prevailing politics and economic issues of the times. For example, the Cold War limited the breadth and depth of S&T cooperation between China and the West. Nonetheless, the People's Republic of China pursued cooperation with the Soviet Union and newly independent countries in a very steadfast manner and continues to engage with Russia and developing countries today. This article analyses the nature of science diplomacy as an element of both China's S&T development and its foreign relations. The interactions and practices at the intersection of science and foreign policy in China are manifold. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview, this article also highlights evolving trends, especially in terms of the deepening of China's linkages across the international S&T system. Finally, the article examines the recent impact of the apparent rise of techno-nationalism and how this has affected the nature of China's international S&T activities regarding Beijing's use of science diplomacy.
Integrated Molecular and Bioinformatics Approaches for Disease-Related Genes in Plants

Modern plant pathology relies on bioinformatics approaches to create novel plant disease diagnostic tools. In recent years, a significant amount of biological data has been generated due to rapid developments in genomics and molecular biology techniques. The progress in the sequencing of agriculturally important crops has made it possible to develop a better understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and plant resistance. The availability of host–pathogen genome data offers effective assistance in retrieving, annotating, analyzing, and identifying the functional aspects for characterization at the gene and genome levels. Physical mapping facilitates the identification and isolation of several candidate resistance (R) genes from diverse plant species. A large number of genetic variations, such as disease-causing mutations in the genome, have been identified and characterized using bioinformatics tools, and these desirable mutations were exploited to develop disease resistance. Moreover, crop genome editing tools, namely the CRISPR (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated) system, offer novel and efficient strategies for developing durable resistance. This review paper describes some aspects concerning the databases, tools, and techniques used to characterize resistance (R) genes for plant disease management.
MAP Kinase FgHog1 and Importin β FgNmd5 Regulate Calcium Homeostasis in Fusarium graminearum

Maintaining cellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for many aspects of cellular life. The high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway responsible for signal integration and transduction plays crucial roles in environmental adaptation, especially in the response to osmotic stress. Hog1 is activated by transient Ca2+ increase in yeast, but the functions of the HOG pathway in Ca2+ homeostasis are largely unknown. We found that the HOG pathway was involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in Fusarium graminearum, a devastating fungal pathogen of cereal crops. The deletion mutants of HOG pathway displayed increased sensitivity to Ca2+ and FK506, and elevated intracellular Ca2+ content. Ca2+ treatment induced the phosphorylation of FgHog1, and the phosphorylated FgHog1 was transported into the nucleus by importin β FgNmd5. Moreover, the increased phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of FgHog1 upon Ca2+ treatment is independent of the calcineurin pathway that is conserved and downstream of the Ca2+ signal. Taken together, this study reported the novel function of FgHog1 in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in F. graminearum, which advance the understanding of the HOG pathway and the association between the HOG and calcineurin pathways in fungi.
Study of the 3D Euler equations using Clebsch potentials: dual mechanisms for geometric depletion

After surveying analyses of the 3D Euler equations using the Clebsch potentials scattered over the literature, we report some preliminary new results. 1. Assuming that flow fields are free from nulls of the impulse and the vorticity fields, we study how constraints imposed by the Clebsch potentials lead to a degenerate geometrical structure, typically in the form of depletion of nonlinearity. We consider a vorticity surface spanned by ω and another material vector W such that γ=ω×W, where γ is the impulse variable in geometric gauge. We identify dual mechanism for geometric depletion and show that at least of one them is acting if W does not develop a null. This suggests that formation of singularity in flows endowed with Clebsch potentials is less likely to happen than in more general flows. Some arguments are given towards exclusion of ‘type I’ blowup. A mathematical challenge remains to rule out singularity formation for flows which have Clebsch potentials everywhere. 2. We exploit classical differential geometry kinematically to write down the Gauss–Weingarten equations for the vorticity surface of the Clebsch potential in terms of fluid dynamical variables, as are the first, second and third fundamental forms. In particular, we derive a constraint on the size of the Gaussian curvature near the point of a possible singularity. On the other hand, an application of the Gauss–Bonnet theorem reveals that the tangential curvature of the surface becomes large in the neighborhood of near-singularity. 3. Using spatially-periodic flows with highly-symmetry, i.e. initial conditions of the Taylor–Green vortex and the Kida–Pelz flow, we present explicit formulas of the Clebsch potentials with exceptional singular surfaces where the Clebsch potentials are undefined. This is done by connecting the known expressions with the solenoidal impulse variable (i.e. the incompressible velocity) using suitable canonical transforms. By a simple argument we show that they keep forming material separatrices under the time evolution of the 3D Euler equations. We argue on this basis that a singularity, if developed, will be associated with these exceptional material surfaces. The difficulty of having Clebsch potentials globally on all of space have been with us for a long time. The proposal rather seeks to turn the difficulty into an advantage by using their absence to identify and locate possible singularities.
Q-Switching Pulse Operation in 1.5-μm Region Using Copper Nanoparticles as Saturable Absorber

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using a copper nanoparticle (CuNP) thin film as the saturable absorber in a ring cavity. A stable Q-switched pulse operation is observed as the CuNP saturable absorber (SA) is introduced in the cavity. The pulse repetition rate of the EDFL is observed to be proportional to the pump power, and is limited to 101.2 kHz by the maximum pump power of 113.7 mW. On the other hand, the pulse width reduces from 10.19 μs to 4.28 μs as the pump power is varied from 26.1 mW to 113.7 mW. The findings suggest that CuNP SA could be useful as a potential saturable absorber for the development of the robust, compact, efficient and low cost Q-switched fiber laser operating at 1.5- μm region.