Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Neuron-Specific Ca2+-Binding Protein Caldendrin: Gene Structure, Splice Isoforms, and Expression in the Rat Central Nervous System

Caldendrin is the founder member of a recently discovered family of calmodulin-like proteins, which are highly abundant in brain. In this study we examined the organization of the murine and human caldendrin gene as well as the expression pattern of transcripts for caldendrin and two novel splice variants. In addition the distribution of caldendrin in rat brain has been assessed by immunohistochemistry. Caldendrin is localized to the somatodendritic compartment of a subpopulation of mainly principal neurons in brain regions with a laminar organization and is present only at a subset of mature excitatory synapses. Caldendrin immunoreactivity (IR) is tightly associated with the cortical cytoskeleton, enriched in the postsynaptic density (PSD) fraction, and associates late during development with the synaptic cytomatrix. The expression is highly heterogenous within cortex, with highest levels of caldendrin IR in layer III of the piriform and layer II/III of the somatosensory cortex. The segregated cortical distribution to areas, which represent the most important primary sensory systems of the rodent brain, may reflect different requirements for dendritic Ca2+-signaling in these neurons. The presence of caldendrin in the PSD of distinct synapses may have important implications for Ca2+-modulated processes of synaptic plasticity.
Incident Electric Field Effect and Numerical Dosimetry for a Wireless Power Transfer System Using Magnetically Coupled Resonances

We conducted a dosimetry study of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, which is based on magnetically coupled resonances. The electric and magnetic fields produced by the system have been calculated using the method of moments. We calculated the induced electric fields and the specific absorption rates in a Japanese adult male model by the scattered-field finite-difference time-domain method, taking into account both the incident electric and magnetic fields, and also by the impedance method, but only taking into account the incident magnetic fields. We discuss the differences between the results obtained by the two methods. We also discuss the compliance of the WPT system with international safety guidelines.
Petro-Clival Tumours: Role and Indications of Transoral and Transsphenoidal Approaches Followed by Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy

Background: Petro-clival,clivalandspheno-petro-clivaltumoursarestillaneurosurgicalchallenge. Usually,theclassicalskullbase transpetrousapproachesareemployed,althoughtheyareburdenedbyanimportantrateof morbidity,andaverylowrateof radical removal is reported. Objectives: We present our indications and results with minimally invasive transnasal and transoral approaches. Patients and Methods: We present 14 patients aﬀected by petro-clival, clival and spheno-petro-clival meningiomas/chordomas with prevalent extension ventrally to the brainstem; cranial nerves V to XII and vertebra-basilar arterial complex resulted posterior and laterally displaced. Preoperative clinical symptoms were represented by aspeciﬁc headache in 6 patients, mild and moderate contralateral hemiparesis in 3 and 2 patients respectively, mild and moderate tetraparesis in 2 and 1 patients respectively and cranial nerves deﬁcit in 11 ones. Preoperative planning considered three objectives: to avoid operative and post-operative mor-tality/morbidity, to achieve satisfactory tumour removal and to avoid tumour regrowth. Anterior approach (transoral in 6 and transsphenoidal in 8 other) was selected for these patients according to postero-lateral approaches complexity due to the anterior-medial position of the tumour in respect of cranial nerves and vascular arteries. Results: In no patient radical removal was performed because gross total/subtotal removal had been programmed preoperatively on the basis of tumours extension. Concerning the 4 clival chordomas, gross total in two patients and subtotal removal in the two otheroneswasperformed. Grosstotalremovalwasaccomplishedintheclivalmeningioma,whilesubtotalremovalwasachievedin 5 petro-clival and in 2 spheno-petro-clival meningiomas; partial removal was performed in one spheno-petro-clival and one petro-clivalmeningioma. Nomortalityandnoneurologicdeﬁcitswereregisteredaftersurgery. Preoperativeneurologicdeﬁcitimproved in the majority of patients. Conclusions: Anterior transoral and transsphenoidal approaches are indicated for clival and spheno-petro-clival region tumours located ventrally to the brainstem and medially to acoustic meatus, to perform a prevalently median tumour debulking; these approaches allowed an extremely low rate of new neurological deﬁcit and a rapid resumption of vital activities, obviously in relation with preoperative clinical status in our patients.
Gender cultures and the gender arrangement—a theoretical framework for cross‐national gender research

Abstract How can the marked national differences in the rates of women's participation in the labour market, and in their involvement in part‐time work, be explained? While institutional conditions, for example childcare policy, can have a contextual importance, these are not adequate for understanding women's different orientations and practices in combining paid and unpaid work. Rather, we must examine the idea that the social practice of women is heavily influenced by predominant norms and values about the ‘correct’ gender division of labour. Culture must therefore be included in any explanation of cross‐national differences in employment patterns. This is the task of this paper. After briefly examining the limitations of pre‐existing explanations, the paper goes on to present an alternative theorization which conceptualizes the links between gendered natures, structures and action. This new theoretical approach is then applied to a comparative analysis of changing employment patterns in Finland, Germa.
Understanding Regulatory Fit

The authors focus on three critical areas of future research on regulatory fit. First, they focus on how regulatory orientation is sustained. The authors argue that there are two distinct approaches that bring about the “just-right feeling”: (1) a process-based approach that involves the interaction between regulatory orientation and decision-making processes and (2) an outcome-based approach that involves the interaction between regulatory orientation and the framed outcomes offered. Second, the authors discuss possible boundary conditions of regulatory fit effects, highlighting the apparent paradoxical role of involvement. They suggest that the antecedents that give rise to regulatory fit (e.g., lowered motivation) can differ from its consequences (e.g., increased motivation). Third, the authors discuss broader implications of regulatory fit, proposing three possible mechanisms by which regulatory fit can lead to improved physical health and discussing the degree to which the just-right feeling plays a role in goal-sustaining experiences related to subjective well-being (e.g., flow).
Application of Fairness Theory to Service Failures and Service Recovery

This article presents a fairness theory-based conceptual framework for studying and managing consumers’ emotions during service recovery attempts. The conceptual framework highlights the central role played by counterfactual thinking and accountability. Findings from five focus groups are also presented to lend further support to the conceptual framework. Essentially, the article argues that a service failure event triggers an emotional response in the consumer, and from here the consumer commences an assessment of the situation, considering procedural justice, interactional justice, and distributive justice elements, while engaging in counterfactual thinking and apportioning accountability. More specifically, the customer assesses whether the service provider could and should have done something more to remedy the problem and how the customer would have felt had these actions been taken. The authors argue that during this process situational effort is taken into account when assessing accountability. When service providers do not appear to exhibit an appropriate level of effort, consumers attribute this to the service provider not caring. This in turn leads to the customer feeling more negative emotions, such as anger and frustration. Managerial implications of the study are discussed.
----TeleMentoring Final Report †

Using the Asynchronous T ransfer Mode (ATM) network infrastructure of the A URORA Gigabit Testbed§, we were able to carry out a trial of interacti ve distance learning. The trial used teleconferencing hardw are which con verts NTSC television and audio signals to and from A TM cells. This hardware connected the Bellcore V ideoWindow(TM) with other apparatus to create a realistic two-way interaction. In our trial, the interaction w as between teams of under graduate computer science students and researchers at Bellcore, and w as used to support w ork by these students on adv anced laboratory projects for a course. Our hypothesis was that remote "mentoring" w ould provide a means with which student learning could be accelerated. Further , projects could be chosen which were meaningful to industrial research goals, so that student training is coupled with g a nin relevant experience. This report summarizes the results from our T eleMentoring project.We discuss the observed strengths and limitations of T eleMentoring, and describe continuing w ork which is a direct result of the T eleMentoring work.
Androgenetic alopecia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance: Is there any association? A case–control study

Context: Although several previous studies have investigated the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR) with androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the results have been inconsistent. Aim: We attempted to assess the presence of MS and IR in patients with AGA. This may help to detect if AGA can be considered as a clue for underlying serious systemic diseases. Materials and Methods: One hundred male patients with stages III-VII AGA, in Hamilton-Norwood classification, and 100 normal, gender- and age-matched control subjects were included. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured for the all participants. The presence of MS and IR was evaluated. Results: There were statistically significant differences regarding mean values of body weight (P < 0.001), height (P = 0.002), waist circumference (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), systolic (P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.01), fasting insulin (P = 0.02) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P < 0.001) between cases and controls. A statistically significant association was found between AGA and MS (P = 0.002) and between AGA and IR (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that waist circumference (>102 cm) was the most significant risk factor for developing MS. It increased the risk of MS by 1.25-folds (95% CI = 1.10-1.42, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results support the recommendation for assessing MS and IR in all young males with stage III or higher AGA. Early intervention is critical to reduce the risk and complications of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life.
Visual quality analysis for dynamic backlight scaling in LCD systems

With the trend toward high-quality large form factor displays on high-end handhelds, LCD backlight accounts for a significant and increasing percentage of the total energy budget. Substantial energy savings can be achieved by dynamically adapting backlight intensity levels while compensating for the ensuing visual quality degradation with image pixel transformations. Several compensation techniques have been recently developed to this purpose, but none of them has been fully characterized in terms of quality losses considering jointly the non-idealities present in a real embedded video chain and the peculiar characteristics of the human visual system (HVS). We have developed a quality analysis framework based on an accurate embedded visualization system model and HVS-aware metrics. We use it to assess the visual quality performance of existing dynamic backlight scaling (DBS) solutions. Experimental results show that none of the DBS techniques available today is fully capable of keeping quality loss under control, and that there is significant room for improvement in this direction.
Divergent Perspectives in Prostitutes' Autobiographical Memories: Trauma and Dissociation

ABSTRACT An intriguing aspect of cognition is the perspective one takes when perceiving and/or remembering an event (i.e., field vs. observer perspectives/memories). Although explored from a cognitive viewpoint in terms of remembering, no research has examined this phenomenon from a forensic viewpoint in terms of the original experienced perspective. The objective of the present study was to test the utility of the field vs. observer distinction. Thirty-six prostitutes were interviewed and asked to recall three different autobiographical memories. Peri-traumatic dissociative symptoms, trait dissociation levels, current PTSD symptomatology, the perspective taken, and the quantity of detail were coded for each memory and compared. Extreme memorial variability was found both within and across the types of memories/perspectives reported. Among other findings, the results suggest significantly higher levels of state dissociation in memories originally perceived from an observer perspective than from a field perspective. Implications for expert testimony pertaining are briefly discussed.
Biochemical Endothelial Markers and Cardiovascular Remodeling in Refractory Arterial Hypertension

Background. Hypertension is the most important and well established risk factor for atherosclerosis. The vascular and cardiac remodeling present in refractory hypertensive patients are related to endothelial dysfunction, a key factor in early atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease. However the mechanistic relationship among biochemical endothelial function markers, cardiovascular remodeling, and refractory hypertension is unknown. Methods. We evaluated the left ventricular mass and function, carotid thickness, and plasma nitrate/nitrite (NO2/NO3), cyclic 3′‐5′‐guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels in refractory hypertensive (RH; n = 20) and healthy (CONTROL; n = 20) subjects 22–65 years old. Carotid thickness, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and left ventricular fraction ejection (LVFE) were estimated by duplex scan ultrasound. Nitrates/nitrites were assayed using the Griess reaction, and plasma cGMP and thromboxane B2 were determined by enzymatic immunoassay (EIA). Results. Left ventricular mass index was higher in the RH group (138 ± 20 vs. 108 ± 17 g/m2, p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference in the ejection fraction (67 ± 5% vs. 69 ± 4%). Pulse pressure (61 ± 9 mmHg vs. 46 ± 10 mmHg) and carotid thickness (1.59 ± 0.22 mm vs. 1.04 ± 0.14 mm) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in RH patients whereas NO2/NO3, cGMP, and thromboxane B2 plasma concentrations were similar in both groups. Conclusion. There was no association between cardiovascular remodeling and the particular biochemical markers of endothelial function we assessed in refractory hypertensive patients.
Automatically Detecting Corresponding Edit-Turn-Pairs in Wikipedia

In this study, we analyze links between edits in Wikipedia articles and turns from their discussion page. Our motivation is to better understand implicit details about the writing process and knowledge flow in collaboratively created resources. Based on properties of the involved edit and turn, we have defined constraints for corresponding edit-turn-pairs. We manually annotated a corpus of 636 corresponding and non-corresponding edit-turn-pairs. Furthermore, we show how our data can be used to automatically identify corresponding edit-turn-pairs. With the help of supervised machine learning, we achieve an accuracy of . 87 for this task.
Deportation, Expulsion, and the International Police of Aliens

Compared with refugee or immigration policy, the historical and political analysis of deportation is poorly developed. This paper suggests some lines along which critical studies of deportation might proceed. First, it argues that we can historicize and denaturalize deportation by setting it within a wider field of political and administrative practices. This is done by comparing modern deportation practice with other historical forms of expulsion. Second, the paper interrogates the forms of governmentality which invest the practice of deportation, and asks what they might tell us about modern citizenship. It argues that deportation can be seen as one key element in the international police of aliens.
Talking to the Converted or Reaching Out to the Uncommitted? Who Do Political Campaigns Influence?

Research on campaign effects in British elections has repeatedly shown the importance of constituency campaigning. Other things being equal, the more parties campaign locally, the more votes they gain and the fewer votes go to their rivals. However, implicit in the literature is the assumption that campaigns affect all voters in the same way. There are good theoretical reasons for doubting this. For instance, we might expect that strong partisans will be less likely to change their vote decisions consequent to exposure to a party's campaign than weaker partisans and nonaligned voters. Similarly, political campaigns are likely to have a larger impact on those relatively uninterested in politics than on the more interested, since the former may need the extra information and stimulus offered by the campaign to make up their minds. The paper employs campaign panel data from the 2005 British Election Study to evaluate these and other claims. Who is most, and who is least, open to influence by parties’ campaign efforts?
A Theory-Driven Approach to Predict Frustration in an ITS

The importance of affect in learning has led many intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) to include learners' affective states in their student models. The approaches used to identify affective states include human observation, self-reporting, data from physical sensors, modeling affective states, and mining students' data in log files. Among these, data mining and modeling affective states offer the most feasible approach in real-world settings, which may involve a huge number of students. Systems using data mining approaches to predict frustration have reported high accuracy, while systems that predict frustration by modeling affective states, not only predict a student's affective state but also the reason for that state. In our approach, we combine these approaches. We begin with the theoretical definition of frustration, and operationalize it as a linear regression model by selecting and appropriately combining features from log file data. We illustrate our approach by modeling the learners' frustration in Mindspark, a mathematics ITS with large-scale deployment. We validate our model by independent human observation. Our approach shows comparable results to existing data mining approaches and also the clear interpretation of the reasons for the learners' frustration.
S4 flavor symmetry embedded into SU(3) and lepton masses and mixing

Based on the assumption that an S4 flavor symmetry is embedded into SU(3), a lepton mass matrix model is investigated. A Froggatt-Nielsen type model is assumed, and the flavor structures of the masses and mixing are caused by VEVs of SU(2)L-singlet scalars u and d which are nonets (8+1) of the SU(3) flavor symmetry, and which are broken into 2+3+3' and 1 of S4. If we require the invariance under the transformation ((8),(1))→(−(8),+(1)) for the superpotential of the nonet field (8+1), the model leads to a beautiful relation for the charged lepton masses. The observed tribimaximal neutrino mixing is understood by assuming two SU(3) singlet right-handed neutrinos νR(±) and an SU(3) triplet scalar χ.
Stimulating ERK/PI3K/NFκB signaling pathways upon activation of mGluR2/3 restores OGD‐induced impairment in glutamate clearance in astrocytes

We used the oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) method in cultured astrocytes as an in vitro ischemic model. We investigated whether activation of group‐II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) can reverse OGD‐induced impairment in astrocytic glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) expression and elucidated the signaling pathways involving the GLAST expression. Cultured astrocytes exposed to OGD for 6 h resulted in significant reductions in the GLAST expression and extracellular glutamate clearance. These reductions were effectively restored by mGluR2/3 activation with mGluR2/3 agonists, LY379268 or DCG‐IV, after the 6 h OGD insult. These mGluR2/3‐mediated restorative effects were inhibited by selective mGluR2/3 antagonists LY341459 or EGLU. The mGluR2/3 activation also induced activations of signaling pathways including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) and nuclear transcription factor‐κB (NFκB). These activations were prevented by blocking mGluR2/3 with LY341459, an mGluR2/3 antagonist. Furthermore, blocking ERK, PI3K and NFκB signaling pathways with U0126, LY294002 and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, respectively, significantly inhibited the mGluR2/3‐mediated restorative effects. These results suggest that application of mGluR2/3 agonists after OGD insult can effectively reverse the OGD‐reduced expression of GLAST proteins and restore clearance of extracellular glutamate by serially activating ERK/PI3K/NFκB signaling pathways in cultured astrocytes.
The Regulated Secretory Pathway in CD4+ T cells Contributes to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Cell-to-Cell Spread at the Virological Synapse

Direct cell-cell spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) at the virological synapse (VS) is an efficient mode of dissemination between CD4+ T cells but the mechanisms by which HIV-1 proteins are directed towards intercellular contacts is unclear. We have used confocal microscopy and electron tomography coupled with functional virology and cell biology of primary CD4+ T cells from normal individuals and patients with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome and report that the HIV-1 VS displays a regulated secretion phenotype that shares features with polarized secretion at the T cell immunological synapse (IS). Cell-cell contact at the VS re-orientates the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and organelles within the HIV-1-infected T cell towards the engaged target T cell, concomitant with polarization of viral proteins. Directed secretion of proteins at the T cell IS requires specialized organelles termed secretory lysosomes (SL) and we show that the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) localizes with CTLA-4 and FasL in SL-related compartments and at the VS. Finally, CD4+ T cells that are disabled for regulated secretion are less able to support productive cell-to-cell HIV-1 spread. We propose that HIV-1 hijacks the regulated secretory pathway of CD4+ T cells to enhance its dissemination.
The Myth of "Security Moms" and "NASCAR Dads": Parenthood, Political Stereotypes, and the 2004 Election

The objective of this article is to explore the impact of being a parent on political views and to test the accuracy of the "Security Mom" and "NASCAR Dad" labels that were pervasively applied in the context of the 2004 presidential election. Copyright (c) 2007 Southwestern Social Science Association.