Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is traumatic memory special ? A comparison of traumatic memory characteristics with memory for other emotional life experiences

According to the traumatic memory argument, traumatic experiences are processed and remembered in a fundamentally different way from other life events. To investigate the validity of this theory, 306 participants were asked to give detailed accounts of two life experiences: their most traumatic experience and their most positive emotional experience (counterbalanced). Participants also described the qualities of each memory and completed psychological scales measuring severity of trauma, personality, and dissociation. Results indicated that traumatic memories differed from non-traumatic memories phenomenologically (e.g. vantage point) and qualitatively (e.g. number of details). However, the memories also showed important similarities (e.g. high degree of vividness). Only a small proportion (4.9%) of participants reported ‘recovering’ their traumatic memories after extended memory loss (most of whom reported consciously putting the experience out of awareness), and 2.6% reported forgetting their positive experiences for an extended period. Overall, traumatic memories were found to be ‘special’, but not in accordance with prominent fragmentation theories of trauma and memory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time Quantum GVT: A Scalable Computation of the Global Virtual Time in Parallel Discrete Event Simulations

This paper presents a new Global Virtual Time (GVT) algorithm, called TQ-GVT that is at the heart of a new high performance Time Warp simulator designed for large-scale clusters. Starting with a survey of numerous existing GVT algorithms, the paper discusses how other GVT solutions, especially Mattern's GVT algorithm, influenced the design of TQ-GVT, as well as how it avoided several types of overheads that arise in clusters executing parallel discrete simulations. The algorithm is presented in details, with a proof of its correctness. Its effectiveness is then verified by experimental results obtained on more than 1,000 processors for two applications, one synthetic workload and the other a spiking neuron network simulation.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE MODE OF RELEASE OF HERPES VIRUS FROM INFECTED HELA CELLS

The development of a well adapted strain of herpes virus has been studied in HeLa cells using thin sectioning techniques for electron microscopy. Particular attention was directed to events in the cytoplasm and certain new features were observed. Profuse immature particles with a nucleoid and single limiting membrane were present in the nuclei of infected cells, often in crystalline array; morphologically indistinguishable immature particles were also found very frequently in the cytoplasm. Cells with such particles were intact and well preserved, and contained smooth vacuoles apparently derived from the Golgi component of the endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoplasmic particles escaped from the cells by bulging out as buds through the cell membrane or through that of the cytoplasmic vacuoles until they were attached only by a pedicle and then became free. During this process the particles were gradually enclosed by the membrane through which they passed and carried a coat of it with them as they matured. After permanganate fixation the triple-layered structure of the cell membrane and vacuolar membranes was evident and was identical with that of the outer coat of the mature virus. These findings are discussed both in relation to different types of virus structure and to function in the endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane.
Named Entity Identifier for Malayalam Using Linguistic Principles Employing Statistical Methods

Natural language processing (NLP) began as a branch of Artificial Intelligence is a field of computer science and linguistics and is concerned with interaction between human language and computer. Major tasks of NLP such as Machine Translation (MT), Information Retrieval (IR) and Summarization require extensive knowledge of the language for the effective identification of semantic information in the text. Meaning or semantics of a text is mainly decided by the named entities which are the role carrying agents in a text. The system presented here is a Named Entity (NE) Identifier created using Statistical methods based on linguistic grammar principles. Malayalam NER is a difficult task as each word of named entity has no specific feature such as Capitalization feature in English. NERs in other languages are not suitable for Malayalam language since its morphology, syntax and lexical semantics is different from them. For testing this system, documents from well known Malayalam news papers and magazines containing passages from five different fields are selected. Experimental results show that the average precision recall and F-measure values are 85.52%, 86.32% and 85.61% respectively.
A preliminary study of service predispositions amongst hospitality workers in Australia

Purpose – To assess the attitudes toward service delivery of employees in Australian hotels with a long‐term view of establishing job service “norms” against which candidates may be ultimately evaluated.Design/methodology/approach – Lee‐Ross's Service Predisposition Instrument (SPI) questionnaire was used to elicit information about the attitudes of front‐line hotel workers towards service delivery. This quantitative approach sought to identify the innate presence of service dimensions amongst workers previously found in other studies of service predispositions.Findings – After initial analysis, the dimensionality of the SPI questionnaire was found to be less substantial than when tested in other studies. Indeed, a new dimension of “negative service” emerged. Hotel employees rated all “service dimensions” elicited by the SPI as important. However, competence and the provision of “extras” were ranked notably highly. Affinity was scored the lowest of all dimensions. This suggests that workers recognize the .
Crossing fitness valleys: empirical estimation of a fitness landscape associated with polymorphic mimicry

Characterizing fitness landscapes associated with polymorphic adaptive traits enables investigation of mechanisms allowing transitions between fitness peaks. Here, we explore how natural selection can promote genetic mechanisms preventing heterozygous phenotypes from falling into non-adaptive valleys. Polymorphic mimicry is an ideal system to investigate such fitness landscapes, because the direction of selection acting on complex mimetic colour patterns can be predicted by the local mimetic community composition. Using more than 5000 artificial butterflies displaying colour patterns exhibited by the polymorphic Müllerian mimic Heliconius numata, we directly tested the role of wild predators in shaping fitness landscapes. We compared predation rates on mimetic phenotypes (homozygotes at the supergene controlling colour pattern), intermediate phenotypes (heterozygotes), exotic morphs (absent from the local community) and palatable cryptic phenotypes. Exotic morphs were significantly more attacked than local morphs, highlighting predators' discriminatory capacities. Overall, intermediates were attacked twice as much as local homozygotes, suggesting the existence of deep fitness valleys promoting strict dominance and reduced recombination between supergene alleles. By including information on predators' colour perception, we also showed that protection on intermediates strongly depends on their phenotypic similarity to homozygous phenotypes and that ridges exist between similar phenotypes, which may facilitate divergence in colour patterns.
Optimality Theory from a cognitive science perspective

The appeal to Richness of the Base in Optimality Theory may undermine many OT analyses, as well as OT's status as a psychological, and not merely computational theory. Constraint violability in OT theorizing is critiqued as arising from a confusion between epistemological and ontological issues. Following Kiparsky (1973), conspiracies are explained as epiphenomena due to the nature of language change and language acquisition.
What Phonological Deficit?

We review a series of experiments aimed at understanding the nature of the phonological deficit in developmental dyslexia. These experiments investigate input and output phonological representations, phonological grammar, foreign speech perception and production, and unconscious speech processing and lexical access. Our results converge on the observation that the phonological representations of people with dyslexia may be intact, and that the phonological deficit surfaces only as a function of certain task requirements, notably short-term memory, conscious awareness, and time constraints. In an attempt to reformulate those task requirements more economically, we propose that individuals with dyslexia have a deficit in access to phonological representations. We discuss the explanatory power of this concept and we speculate that a similar notion might also adequately describe the nature of other associated cognitive deficits when present.
Straddling the perception–conception boundary

of objects that is most 'natural' and that is acquired first by children. The global categories that children demonstrate first, such as animate, are abstract, not based on specific perceptual features, a finding that fits well with the claim that 'gist' memory predominates in the early years (Brainerd & Reyna, 1990). It would be no service to Jean Mandler to pretend that I agree with all of her conclusions. For example, I would place more emphasis on the motor side of infancy, particularly on the infant's active participation in events, not simply on the perceptual observation of them. I would also question some of the clear distinctions made, for example, that imitation is meaningful while perception is unconscious. Is that always the case? I would urge more attention to the social figures in the infant's world with the suspicion that these are the first to be conceptualized. I would also debate issues of representation (although her expertise in this area is unassailable), such as the question of the representational status of the replicas that infants use in her tasks: Are they real? Symbols? Or both? How do they relate to later symbolic development, for example in DeLoache's (1990) work? And I would not reject the basic level of categorization, based not on similarity but on their common use as names, the basis of Brown's (1958) original observation of the most functional level of naming. These points of divergence do not in any major way conflict with Mandler's foundational theory, but might suggest places for further inquiry and testing of assumptions. Up to now, consciousness and meaning have largely been missing from infant research and from the theoretical controversies swirling around it, lacunae that Mandler's work means to fill. Now that these have become acceptable constructs in studies of adult cognition, they may also be welcomed in distinguishing among facts and fantasies of infant and child research. In emphasizing children's meaning-making, their interpretation of experience as the basis for conceptual development as well as for language, inductive reasoning and memory of the past, this theory provides an important bridge to post-infancy developments. Among other things, taking consciousness into account has enabled differentiating and integrating discrepant findings, in addition to formulating a developmental theory of differentiation and integration in the infant–child mind. This work thus paves the way for a fresh look at meaningful cognitive development as an overall process. This is …
Bio-inspired algorithms for P 2 P overlays

Bio-inspired Peer-to-Peer networks can be extremely flexible and at the same time very difficult to implement. Even though, these algorithm are used more and more every day, we still don’t have clear idea about their benefits and limitations. For example, even though they share the same characteristics, still there exists differences such as differences in terms of recovery capabilities, resource discovery, resource distribution etc. In this paper, besides others, I will describe some algorithms and will try to compare some major differences between bio-inspired network overlays, concerning above mentioned terms.
Police and Victim Perspectives on Empowerment of Domestic Violence Victims

Police have increasingly regarded intervention for and offering assistance to domestic violence victims as an appropriate criminal justice intervention. However, variability in police responding as demonstrated by victim satisfaction surveys has been evident. Using Stark's (1996) suggested standard of victim empowerment to determine the efficacy of police interventions, this study sought to determine from both police and victim perspectives, what dimensions of police interventions were central to victim empowerment. A total of 63 victims and 28 police were interviewed. Results yielded three dimensions of empowerment along which police responses varied: integrated team versus isolated unit functioning, deserving versus undeserving victim perspective, and proactive versus pro–forma responses. Police attitudes, situational factors, and victim characteristics influenced the extent to which responses were experienced as empowering or disempowering by victims.
Correspondence-free Synchronization and Reconstruction in a Non-rigid Scene

3D reconstruction of a dynamic non-rigid scene from features in two cameras usually requires synchronization and correspondences between the cameras. These may be hard to achieve due to occlusions, wide base-line, different zoom scales, etc. In this work we present an algorithm for reconstructing a dynamic scene from sequences acquired by two uncalibrated non-synchronized fixed affine cameras. It is assumed that (possibly) different points are tracked in the two sequences. The only constraint used to relate the two cameras is that every 3D point tracked in one sequence can be described as a linear combination of some of the 3D points tracked in the other sequence. Such constraint is useful, for example, for articulated objects. We may track some points on an arm in the first sequence, and some other points on the same arm in the second sequence. On the other extreme, this model can be used for generally moving points tracked in both sequences without knowing the correct permutation. In between, this model can cover non-rigid bodies, with local rigidity constraints.
Mobility of Robbery and Burglary Offenders

This article examines the mobility of robbery and burglary offenders in ghetto and nonghetto spaces during a two-year period in a major metropolitan city. Data representing 990 incidents were collected from the Milwaukee County Circuit Court on 1187 persons charged with the commission of a robbery or burglary offense during 1976 and 1977. Accepting the premise that spatial structure has an impact on the movement of individual in space, this analysis investigates the movement of black and white offenders from ghetto and nonghetto spaces of Milwaukee County. It reveals that the single-core structure of the Milwaukee ghetto serves to restrict as well as to deflect the movements of most offenders, but black robbers are able to overcome the effect of the ghetto with relative ease when compared to other offenders.
Working their way out of poverty? Sole motherhood, work, welfare and material well-being

Over the last 20 years, Australian social policy has increasingly focused on raising the labour market participation level of sole parents. The extension of mutual obligation to sole parents under welfare reform further concentrates this policy direction. Yet while increased workforce activity may reduce ‘welfare dependency’, the efficacy of employment to raise the level of material well-being in sole parent families is less clear. Recent research casts doubt on the assumed link between material well-being and paid work for sole mother households. This article uses data from the 1996/97 Negotiating the Lifecourse Project and three measures of material well-being to examine the relative importance of employment and partnered status to material well-being among sole and married mother households. The results indicate that increased market work may not lead to significantly higher rates of material well-being for sole mother families.
Leadership for Teacher Learning: A Community of Practice Perspective

Purpose: The study is a two-stage inquiry into the influence of high school principals and department chairpersons on the nature of science and mathematics teachers' community of practice participation. Of particular interest is the extent to which formal leaders influence the formation of productive communities of practice and the extent to which leaders affect teachers' professional beliefs and their instructional skills. Research Design: Using the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) Second Follow-up Teacher File, measures for the analysis are constructed with the Rasch model. Analysis proceeds in two stages using hierarchical linear modeling. The first stage investigates the importance of school leaders to mathematics and science teachers' participation in productive communities of practice. The second stage looks at the relationship between school leadership and teachers' competence and pedagogical skills, net of the influence of communities of practice. Findings: Results suggest that both principals and department chairpersons are instrumental in shaping opportunities for teachers to learn in communities of practice. Furthermore, results show that principals are well removed from the instructional concerns of teachers and that department chairpersons might serve to slow down the rate of instructional change. Conclusions: The connections between school-level leadership and teachers' social learning in their communities of practice have drawn the recent attention of those writing about and conducting research on teacher communities. Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers want to know if school leaders can make a difference in how teachers think about their work and the quality of their instruction in classrooms. Findings offer insight into important links in the causal chain between leadership and student achievement.
Ieee Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Visizer: a Visualization Resizing Framework

—Visualization resizing is useful for many applications where users may use different display devices. General resizing techniques (e.g., uniform scaling) and image resizing techniques suffer from several drawbacks, as they do not consider the content of the visualizations. This work introduces ViSizer, a perception-based framework for automatically resizing a visualization to fit any display. We formulate an energy function based on a perception model (feature congestion), which aims to determine the optimal deformation for every local region. We subsequently transform the problem into an optimization problem by the energy function. An efficient algorithm is introduced to iteratively solve the problem, allowing for automatic visualization resizing.
Changes in chondrolabral mechanics, coverage, and congruency following peri‐acetabular osteotomy for treatment of acetabular retroversion: A patient‐specific finite element study

Using a validated finite element (FE) protocol, we quantified cartilage and labrum mechanics, congruency, and femoral coverage in five male patients before and after they were treated for acetabular retroversion with peri‐acetabular osteotomy (PAO). Three‐dimensional models of bone, cartilage, and labrum were generated from computed tomography (CT) arthrography images, acquired before and after PAO. Walking, stair‐ascent, stair‐descent, and rising from a chair were simulated. Cartilage and labrum contact stress, contact area, and femoral coverage were calculated overall and regionally. Mean congruency (average of local congruency values for FE nodes in contact) and peak congruency (most incongruent node in contact) were calculated overall and regionally. Load supported by the labrum was represented as a raw change in the ratio of the applied force transferred through the labrum and percent change following surgery (calculated overall only). Considering all activities, following PAO, mean acetabular cartilage contact stress increased medially, superiorly, and posteriorly; peak stress increased medially and posteriorly. Peak labrum stresses decreased overall and superiorly. Acetabular contact area decreased overall and laterally, and increased medially. Labral contact area decreased overall, but not regionally. Load to the labrum decreased. Femoral head coverage increased overall, anterolaterally, and posterolaterally, but decreased anteromedially. Mean congruency indicated the hip became less congruent overall, anteriorly, and posteriorly; peak congruency indicated a less congruent joint posteriorly. Clinical relevance: Medialization of contact and reductions in labral loading following PAO may prevent osteoarthritis, but this procedure increases cartilage stresses, decreases contact area, and makes the hip less congruent, which may overload cartilage. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2567–2576, 2017.
The Nature of the Aesthetic and Human Values

"When one's environment is arranged with the sole goal of making it beautiful, the results are likely to be dull, just as the search for pleasure and fun turns out to be so pointless and dis appointing. What is at fault in our American environment is not that it is unbeautiful, but that it is so uniform. "
A National Census of Birth Weight in Purebred Dogs in Italy

Simple Summary Birth weight is a key factor for neonatal mortality and morbidity in most mammalian species. The great morphological variability in size, body weight and breed, as well as in skeletal and cranial conformation makes it challenging to define birth weight standards in dogs. A total of 3293 purebred pups were surveyed to study which maternal aspects can determine birth weight considering head and body shape, size, body weight and breed in bitches, as well as litter size and sex in pups. In our sample, multivariate analysis outcomes suggested that birth weight and litter size were directly proportional to maternal size. The maternal body shape influenced both birth weight and litter size, whereas the maternal head shape had impact only on birth weight. Sex differences in birth weight were found. Birth weight and litter size also varied among breeds. The results of the present study could have practical implications allowing one to identify pups in need of admission to intensive nursing care, as occurs in humans. A deeper knowledge of the factors that significantly influence birth weight could positively affect the canine breeding management helping to prevent and reduce neonatal mortality. Abstract Despite increasing professionalism in dog breeding, the physiological range of birth weight in this species remains unclear. Low birth weight can predispose to neonatal mortality and growth deficiencies in humans. To date, the influence of the morphotype on birth weight has never been studied in dogs. For this purpose, an Italian census of birth weight was collected from 3293 purebred pups based on maternal morphotype, size, body weight and breed, as well as on litter size and sex of pups. Multivariate analysis outcomes showed that birth weight (p < 0.001) and litter size (p < 0.05) increased with maternal size and body weight. Birth weight was also influenced by the maternal head and body shape, with brachycephalic and brachymorph dogs showing the heaviest and the lightest pups, respectively (p < 0.001). Birth weight decreased with litter size (p < 0.001), and male pups were heavier than females (p < 0.001). These results suggest that canine morphotype, not only maternal size and body weight, can affect birth weight and litter size with possible practical implications in neonatal assistance.