Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 39GHz Balanced Power Amplifier with Enhanced Linearity in 45nm SOI CMOS

With the high data rate communication systems that come with fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, the shift of operation to millimeter-wave frequency becomes inevitable. The expected data rate in 5G is significantly improved over 4G by utilizing the large available channel bandwidth at millimeter wave frequencies and complex data modulation schemes. With this increase in operation frequency, many new challenges arise and research efforts are made to tackle them. Among them, the phased array system is one of the hottest topics as it can be made use of to improve the link budget and overcome the path loss challenge at these frequencies. As the last circuit component in the transmitter’s front-end right before the antenna, the power amplifier (PA) is one of the most crucial components with significant effects on overall system performance. Many of the traditional challenges of CMOS PA design such as output power and efficiency, are now compounded with the additional challenges that are imposed on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) PAs in millimeter wave phased array systems. This thesis presents a balanced power amplifier design with enhanced linearity in GlobalFoundries’ 45nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. By using the balanced topology with each stage terminating with a differential 2-stacked architecture, the PA achieves saturated output power of over 21 dBm. Each of the two identical sub-PAs in the balanced topology uses 2-stage topology with driver and PA co-design method. The linearity is enhanced through careful choice of biasing point and a strategic inter-stage matching network design methodology, resulting in amplitude-to-phase distortion below 1 degree up to the output 1dB compression level of over 19 dBm. The balanced amplifier topology significantly reduces the PA performance variation over mismatched load impedance at the output, thus improving the PA performance over different antenna active impedance caused by varying phased array beam-steering angles. In addition to this, the balanced topology also optimizes the PA input and output return loss, giving a better matching than -20 dB at both input and output, and minimizing the risk of potential issues and performance degradation in the system integration phase. Lastly, the compact transformer based matching networks and quadrature hybrids reduce the chip area occupation of this PA, resulting in a compact design with competitive performance.
(Commercial) Automatic Speech Recognition as a Tool in Sociolinguistic Research

As speech datasets used in sociolinguistic research increase in size, laborious and time-intensive manual orthographic transcription is a challenge, limiting the amount of (transcribed) data which can be analysed. In this paper, I discuss the use of (commercial) automatic speech recognition (ASR) as a tool in sociolinguistic research in the context of a case study: the Lothian Diary Project. I describe the kinds of errors produced by two commercial ASR systems for British English within the broader context of algorithmic bias in ASR, and suggest some best practices when working with ASR in sociolinguistic work. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn. edu/pwpl/vol28/iss2/11 (Commercial) Automatic Speech Recognition as a Tool in Sociolinguistic Research
Early Dyadic Parent/Caregiver-Infant Interventions to Support Early Relational Health: A Meta-Analysis

Importance: In 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a policy statement seeking to create a paradigm shift away from a focus on childhood toxic stress and toward the emphasis on early relational health (ERH) as a buffer for childhood adversity and promoter of life-course resilience. A comprehensive appraisal of the efficacy of contemporary parent/caregiver-child interventions in -- primarily -- improving ERH, and -- secondarily -- enhancing child wellbeing and neurodevelopment is needed to guide widespread implementation and policy. Objective: Determine the effectiveness of contemporary early dyadic parent/caregiver-infant interventions on ERH, child socio-emotional functioning and development, and parent/caregiver mental health. Data Sources: PubMed, Medline, Cinhal, ERIC, and PsycInfo were searched on April 28, 2022. Additional sources: clinical trial registries (clinicaltrials.gov, ISRCTN Registry, EU Clinical Trials Register, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry), contacting authors of unpublished/ongoing studies, backward/forward reference-searching. Study Selection: Studies targeting parent/caregiver-infant dyads and evaluating effectiveness of a dyadic intervention were eligible. Study selection was performed in duplicate, using Covidence. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Cochrane methodological guidance presented per PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed in duplicate with consensuses by first author. Data were pooled using inverse-variance random effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome domain was ERH. Secondary outcome domains were child socio-emotional functioning and development, and parent/caregiver mental health, and were only considered in studies where at least one ERH outcome was also measured. The association between dose of intervention and effect estimates was explored. Results: 93 studies (14,993 parent/caregiver-infant dyads) met inclusion criteria. Based on very low to moderate quality of evidence, we found significant non-dose-dependent intervention effects on several measures of ERH, including bonding, parent/caregiver sensitivity, attachment, and dyadic interactions, and a significant effect on parent/caregiver anxiety, but no significant effects on other child outcomes. Conclusion: Current evidence does not support the notion that promoting ERH through early dyadic interventions ensures optimal child development, despite effectively promoting ERH outcomes. Given the lack of an association with dose of intervention, the field is ripe for novel, innovative, cost-effective, potent ERH intervention strategies that effectively and equitably improve meaningful long-term child outcomes.
Health Equity: A Priority for Critical Illness Survivorship Research

www.ccejournal. org 1 DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000783 Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBYNC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
Contrasting principal stratum and hypothetical strategy estimands in multi‐period crossover trials with incomplete data

Complete case analyses of complete crossover designs provide an opportunity to make comparisons based on patients who can tolerate all treatments. It is argued that this provides a means of estimating a principal stratum strategy estimand, something which is difficult to do in parallel group trials. While some trial users will consider this a relevant aim, others may be interested in hypothetical strategy estimands, that is, the effect that would be found if all patients completed the trial. Whether these estimands differ importantly is a question of interest to the different users of the trial results. This paper derives the difference between principal stratum strategy and hypothetical strategy estimands, where the former is estimated by a complete‐case analysis of the crossover design, and a model for the dropout process is assumed. Complete crossover designs, that is, those where all treatments appear in all sequences, and which compare t treatments over p periods with respect to a continuous outcome are considered. Numerical results are presented for Williams designs with four and six periods. Results from a trial of obstructive sleep apnoea‐hypopnoea (TOMADO) are also used for illustration. The results demonstrate that the percentage difference between the estimands is modest, exceeding 5% only when the trial has been severely affected by dropouts or if the within‐subject correlation is low.
Role of EFNA1 SNP (rs12904) in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer: A Bioinformatic Analysis and HRM SNP Genotyping Verification

Objective: Colorectal cancer is a prevalent disease with a poor prognosis and is known as a heterogeneous disease with many differences in clinical Symptoms and molecular profiles. The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the association of SNPs in miRNA binding sites of target genes that are involved in CRC angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and cytoskeleton organization with tumorigenesis and metastasis of CRC. Methods: A case-control study was performed on 146 samples of CRC patients and 132 healthy samples. After that, the DNA of all samples was isolated by the salting-out method. Finally, the genotypes for EFNA1 SNP (rs12904) were identified by HRM (High-resolution melting analysis) method. In order to evaluate the results of genotyping, two samples from each genotype were sequenced using the sanger sequencing method. Result: The frequency of AA genotype and the frequency of GG for rs12904 in satge4 and other stages are different from each other (P-value <0.0001) (P-value = 0.008). Also, the frequency of AA genotype in patients with different grades is different from each other (P-value = 0.035), while the frequency of AG genotype and the frequency of GG genotype is not significantly different in patients with different grades (P-value = 0.377) (P-value = 0.284). Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that patients carrying the GA and GG genotypes reduced the risk of disease progression compared to the AA genotype. As a result, this polymorphism plays a key role in CRC pathogenesis and metastasis and could be used as a biomarker in molecular diagnosis and metastatic state prediction in the near future after further study of its signaling pathways and molecular mechanism.
Artificial intelligence for detecting and delineating a small flat-type early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma under multimodal imaging

Early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is crucial for improving its prognosis. Effective endoscopic biopsy is key to ensuring nomissed diagnoses or misdiagnosis of lesions occur and accurate delineation of the margins of lesions is essential for effective biopsies. Recently, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the endoscopic diagnosis of early ESCC has increased; however, most AI systems identified early ESCC with rough square frames [1–3]. For the purpose of precise lesion segmentation, we have developed a new AI system, based on a state-of-the-art algorithm called the YOLACT model [4], that integrates multiple endoscopic imaging modalities to detect and delineate the margins of early ESCC in real time. The AI systemwas successfully integrated into the endoscopy equipment. The upper left section of the endoscopy monitor showed the current endoscopic imaging modality and the probability score of suspected early ESCC. In this video demonstration, we show that the AI system not only correctly identified each endoscopic imaging modality, but also accurately detected and delineated the margin of a flat-type mucosal cancer with a size of approximately 3mm under white-light imaging and narrow-band imaging, with or without magnifying endoscopy and iodine staining (▶Fig. 1; ▶Video 1). Histopathology of the endoscopically resected specimen showed an early ESCC with invasion of the lamina propria (▶Fig. 2). Detecting and delineating subtle early ESCC with AI systems is challenging. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of an AI system to detect and deE-Videos
Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies

Abstract Background: Although menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is commonly prescribed, little is known about the association between MHT use and risk of pancreatic cancer. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, from inception until April 20, 2022. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Pooled relative risks (RR) for pancreatic cancer risk were calculated using random-effects models. We computed prediction intervals (PI) and performed subgroup meta-analyses. Meta-regression was performed to investigate the sources of heterogeneity. Results: This study included 2,712,313 women from 11 cohort studies. There was no association between MHT and pancreatic cancer risk (RR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–1.02; I2, 64%; 95% PI, 0.68–1.25). Subgroup meta-analyses of four studies stratified by MHT formulations showed inverse associations with the risk of pancreatic cancer (women receiving estrogen-only MHT: RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64–0.94; I2, 57%; estrogen plus progestin MHT: RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.96; I2, 0%). Subgroup analysis defined by recency and duration of treatment did not reveal evidence of associations between MHT and pancreatic cancer risk. Conclusions: This study found no association between the overall use of MHT and risk of pancreatic cancer. However, among four studies with data on MHT formulations, subgroup analysis showed a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer among users of estrogen-only and combined estrogen-progestin therapy. Owing to the inconsistent findings between our main and subgroup analyses, future studies stratified by MHT formulations are warranted. Impact: The findings of this study indicate that future investigation should focus on MHT formulations.
Evaluating the Utility of Proteomics for the Identification of Circulating Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of IFNβ‐1a Biologics

Proteomics has the potential to identify pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers for similarity assessment of proposed biosimilars without relying on clinical efficacy end points. In this study, with 36 healthy participants randomized to therapeutic doses of interferon‐beta 1a products (IFNβ‐1a) or pegylated‐IFNβ‐1a (pegIFNβ‐1a) approved to treat multiple sclerosis or placebo, we evaluated the utility of a proteomic assay that profiles > 7,000 plasma proteins. IFNβ‐1a and pegIFNβ‐1a resulted in 248 and 528 differentially expressed protein analytes, respectively, between treatment and placebo groups over the time course. Thirty‐one proteins were prioritized based on a maximal fold change ≥ 2 from baseline, baseline adjusted area under the effect curve (AUEC) and overlap between the 2 products. Of these, the majority had a significant AUEC compared with placebo in response to either product; 8 proteins showed > 4‐fold maximal change from baseline. We identified previously reported candidates, beta‐2microglobulin and interferon‐induced GTP‐binding protein (Mx1) with ~ 50% coefficient of variation (CV) for AUEC, and many new candidates (including I‐TAC, C1QC, and IP‐10) with CVs ranging from 26%–129%. Upstream regulator analysis of differentially expressed proteins predicted activation of IFNβ1 signaling as well as other cytokine, enzyme, and transcription signaling networks by both products. Although independent replication is required to confirm present results, our study demonstrates the utility of proteomics for the identification of individual and composite candidate PD biomarkers that may be leveraged to support clinical pharmacology studies for biosimilar approvals, especially when biologics have complex mechanisms of action or do not have previously characterized PD biomarkers.
Feasibility of Acupuncture and Exploration of Metabolomic Alterations for Psychoneurological Symptoms Among Breast Cancer Survivors

Objective Approximately 24–68% of breast cancer survivors report co-occurring psychoneurological symptoms of pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety during and after cancer treatment. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of acupuncture for the treatment of multiple psychoneurological symptoms among breast cancer survivors and explore metabolomic changes before and after acupuncture. Methods We conducted a single-arm, prospective pilot study of breast cancer survivors with at least two moderate to severe psychoneurological symptoms (>3 on a 0–10 scale). Acupuncture was administered twice weekly for 5 weeks, for 30 minutes per session. Along with Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires, a fasting serum comprehensive hydrophilic metabolites panel was analyzed at baseline and after acupuncture. Results Eight participants (mean age 52.5 ± 10.9 years; 62.5% Black) were enrolled. Feasibility was supported, with 67% recruitment, 87.5% retention, and 98% acceptability. Post intervention, PROMIS T-scores were reduced for all psychoneurological symptoms. Significant differences in serum metabolites before and after acupuncture were F-1,6/2,6-DP, glutathione disulfide, phosphorylcholine, 6-methylnicotinamide, glutathione, and putrescine (variable importance of projection values larger than 1.5 and p values <0.05). Pathway analysis indicated that glutathione metabolism (p = 0.002, q = 0.071), and arginine and proline metabolisms (p = 0.009, q = 0.166) were potentially involved in mechanisms of acupuncture. Conclusions Acupuncture to reduce multiple psychoneurological symptoms among breast cancer survivors was feasible and acceptable. Study findings also shed light on the metabolic pathways involved in the acupuncture response and will be tested in future studies.
Axin1: A novel scaffold protein joins the antiviral network of interferon

Acute respiratory infection by influenza virus is a persistent and pervasive public health problem. Antiviral innate immunity initiated by type I interferon (IFN) is the first responder to pathogen invasion and provides the first line of defense. We discovered that Axin1, a scaffold protein, was reduced during influenza virus infection. We also found that overexpression of Axin1 and the chemical stabilizer of Axin1, XAV939, reduced influenza virus replication in lung epithelial cells. This effect was also observed with respiratory syncytial virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. Axin1 boosted type I IFN response to influenza virus infection and activated JNK/c‐Jun and Smad3 signaling. XAV939 protected mice from influenza virus infection. Thus, our studies provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation of the type I IFN response and present a new potential therapeutic of targeting Axin1 against influenza virus infection.
Comprehensive molecular characterization of a rare case of Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute myeloid leukemia

The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) resulting from the t(9;22) translocation generates the oncogenic BCR::ABL1 fusion protein that is most commonly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). There are also rare instances of patients (≤1%) with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that harbor this translocation (Paietta et al., Leukemia 12: 1881 [1998]; Keung et al., Leuk Res 28: 579 [2004]; Soupir et al., Am J Clin Pathol 127: 642 [2007]). AML with BCR::ABL has only recently been provisionally classified by the World Health Organization as a diagnostically distinct subtype of AML. Discernment from the extremely close differential diagnosis of myeloid blast crisis CML is challenging, largely relying on medical history rather than clinical characteristics (Arber et al., Blood 127: 2391 [2016]). To gain insight into the genomic features underlying the evolution of AML with BCR::ABL, we identified a patient presenting with a high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome that acquired a BCR::ABL alteration after a peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Serial samples were collected and analyzed using whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and ex vivo functional drug screens. Persistent subclones were identified, both at diagnosis and at relapse, including an SF3B1p.Lys700Glu mutation that later cooccurred with an NRASp.Gly12Cys mutation. Functional ex vivo drug screening performed on primary patient cells suggested that combination therapies of ABL1 with RAS or PI3K pathway inhibitors could have augmented the patient's response throughout the course of disease. Together, our findings argue for the importance of genomic profiling and the potential value of ABL1 inhibitor–inclusive combination treatment strategies in patients with this rare disease.
Investigations of hypoxia‐induced deoxyhemoglobin as a contrast agent for cerebral perfusion imaging

The assessment of resting perfusion measures (mean transit time, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral blood volume) with magnetic resonance imaging currently requires the presence of a susceptibility contrast agent such as gadolinium. Here, we present an initial comparison between perfusion measures obtained using hypoxia‐induced deoxyhemoglobin and gadolinium in healthy study participants. We hypothesize that resting cerebral perfusion measures obtained using precise changes of deoxyhemoglobin concentration will generate images comparable to those obtained using a clinical standard, gadolinium. Eight healthy study participants were recruited (6F; age 23–60). The study was performed using a 3‐Tesla scanner with an eight‐channel head coil. The experimental protocol consisted of a high‐resolution T1‐weighted scan followed by two BOLD sequence scans in which each participant underwent a controlled bolus of transient pulmonary hypoxia, and subsequently received an intravenous bolus of gadolinium. The resting perfusion measures calculated using hypoxia‐induced deoxyhemoglobin and gadolinium yielded maps that looked spatially comparable. There was no statistical difference between methods in the average voxel‐wise measures of mean transit time, relative cerebral blood flow and relative cerebral blood volume, in the gray matter or white matter within each participant. We conclude that perfusion measures generated with hypoxia‐induced deoxyhemoglobin are spatially and quantitatively comparable to those generated from a gadolinium injection in the same healthy participant.
The Immune-related ceRNA Network in Prognosis of Cervical Cancer

Background: Immunotherapy is gaining attention and it is being included as one of the treatment strategies for cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of immune-related genes and their affinity for cervical cancer progression remain unclear. In this study, we have developed an immune-related competing endogenous RNA [ceRNA] network and assessed the tumour infiltrating immune cells towards the prognosis of cervical cancer. Methods: Differential RNA expression pattern between stages I and II-IV of cervical cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA] was analyzed. Immune-related ceRNA network based on the immune gene signatures were retrieved and their targets were predicted using miRwalk 3.0. CIBERSORT was employed to identify the immune cell types based on their respective transcripts. The prognostic significance of RNAs in the ceRNA network and immune cell subsets was analyzed. Results: Significant differences in 22 long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs], 15 microRNAs [miRNAs], and 252 messenger RNAs [mRNAs] between stages I and II-IV of cervical cancer were observed. Further, we shortlisted the 49 immune-related mRNAs based on immune gene signature and predicted their target miRNAs and lncRNAs. A potential ceRNA network of 4 lncRNAs, 10 miRNAs, and 11 mRNAs had a strong correlation for prognosis. Out of 11 protein-coding immune mRNAs, IRF4 and AZGP1 had high degrees of interaction. In addition, the evaluation of immune cell subsets showed increased infiltration of M1 macrophages had better survival outcome. Conclusions: We have identified an immune-related ceRNA network based on differentially expressed transcripts between stages I and II-IV which may help predict the prognosis of cervical cancer.