Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can the Differences Between Education and Neuroscience be Overcome by Mind, Brain, and Education?

ABSTRACT— The new field of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE)—sometimes called educational neuroscience—is posited as a mediator between neuroscience and education. Several foundational concerns, however, can be raised about this emerging field. The differences between neuroscience and education are many, including differences in their histories, philosophies, and epistemologies. Historically, science and education have demonstrated separate, but interwoven, influences on society; philosophically, the values by which they operate are often in opposition; and epistemologically, the fields have relied on different conceptualizations of knowledge. Discussion about these differences has been largely absent in attempts to promote MBE. Two steps are proposed to respond to this omission. First, encouraging discussion about disciplinary differences and assumptions may enable better understanding between disciplines and facilitate the establishment of a more collaborative research community. Second, a transdisciplinary framework that focuses on salient issues of interest across disciplines should be considered. Transdisciplinarity aims for the creation of an inclusive research environment that transcends traditional disciplinary approaches to complex problems. This article initiates an exploration of disciplinary differences and proposes commitment to transdisciplinarity as a guiding principle that may increase the viability of MBE as a mediating field between neuroscience and education.
Improving Text-to-Pictograph Translation Through Word Sense Disambiguation

We describe the implementation of a Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) tool in a Dutch Text-to-Pictograph translation system, which converts textual messages into sequences of pictographic images. The system is used in an online platform for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). In the original translation process, the appropriate sense of a word was not disambiguated before converting it into a pictograph. This often resulted in incorrect translations. The implementation of a WSD tool provides a better semantic understanding of the input messages.
Unresectable hepatoblastoma: current perspectives

Although rare, hepatoblastoma is the most common pediatric liver tumor. Complete resection is a critical component for cure; however, most patients will have tumors that are not resected at diagnosis. For these patients, administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy renders tumors resectable in most patients. For patients whose tumors remain unresectable after chemotherapy, liver transplantation is indicated (in the absence of active unresectable metastatic disease). In patients whose tumors remain unresectable after conventional chemotherapy, interventional techniques may serve as a promising option to reduce tumor size, decrease systemic toxicity, decrease need for liver transplantation, and increase feasibility of tumor resection.
A strategy to explore the target receptor of endocrine disruptors: Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) as a genuine acceptor of Bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been acknowledged as an estrogenic chemical able to interact with an estrogen receptor (ER), and many lines of evidence have revealed that BPA has an impact as an endocrine disruptor functioning at very low doses. However, its binding to ER and consequent hormonal activity are extremely weak, making the intrinsic significance of low-dose effects intangible and obscure. Based on the idea that BPA is accessible to all 48 human nuclear receptors, we searched BPA receptor(s) and eventually discovered the estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ). BPA functions as an inverse antagonist of ERRγ, and this disruptor activity is expected to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of self-activated orphan ERRγ receptor. To elucidate the physiological functions of these mechanisms it will be important to undertake the sophisticated excision of in vivo mechanisms and a profound analysis of their molecular subtleties in vitro. In this paper we review the current understandings about ligand-receptor interaction modes of both the ligand-regulated nuclear receptors and the self-activated orphan nuclear receptors, and propose a sophisticated test scheme for comprehensive elucidation of their molecular mechanisms.
Glucocorticoid receptors are required for up‐regulation of neuronal 5‐lipoxygenase (5LOX) expression by dexamethasone

5‐lipoxygenase (5LOX) is the key enzyme in the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. Hyperglucocorticoidemia, dexamethasone, and aging up‐regulate 5LOX in the brain, including the cerebellum in vivo. We studied the mechanisms of dexamethasone‐triggered 5LOX up‐regulation in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). We measured 5LOX mRNA and protein contents, and the formation of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4). The dexamethasone (0.1 μM or 1 μM)‐increased 5LOX mRNA and protein contents were already observed at 3 h of treatment, and they persisted for at least 24 h. Dexamethasone also increased the content of cysteinyl leukotrienes, assayed in the presence of 2 μM calcium ionophore A23187 and 10 μM arachidonic acid. The stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on 5LOX expression was inhibited by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486 and by reducing the CGN content of GR receptor protein with a GR‐specific antisense oligonucleotide. The 5LOX mRNA half‐life was longer in dexamethasone than in vehicle‐treated CGNs. Our results indicate that dexamethasone increases 5LOX expression in CGNs in a GR‐dependent manner and that it also increases the stability of 5LOX mRNA. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the physiologic/pathologic significance of glucocorticoid‐regulated expression of 5LOX in the central nervous system.
Effective connectivity and cortical information flow under visual stimulation in migraine with aura

The study aims to evaluate effective connectivity patterns in EEG rhythms under repetitive visual stimulation in migraine with aura patients, in terms of non linear Granger causality and Transfer Entropy. Fifteen migraine with aura (MWA) and 15 migraine without aura (MWoA) patients were evaluated interictally. All subjects were submitted to high density (65 channels) EEG during visual stimulation by black and white checkerboard gratings with two spatial frequencies (0.5 and 2.0 cpd) at 5 and 10Hz (10 and 20 reversal/s). The same visual stimulation was employed to evaluate BOLD signal changes in 6 MWA and 6 MWoA. MWA patients showed increased non linear Granger causality values in beta band under all types of visual stimulation, and increased information flow toward frontal regions, with respect to MWoA and controls. Our results outline important pathophysiological difference between migraine phenotypes. An increased capacity in cortical connections and transfer information may subtend the perception of aura symptoms, probably favoring the progression of cortical spreading depression.
Long-term heart preservation by the combined method of simple immersion and coronary perfusion.

BACKGROUND The combined method of cold storage and coronary perfusion for prolonged preservation of donor hearts was evaluated through preservation and transplantation with the use of 10 pair of adult mongrel dogs. METHODS In situ initial flush for cooling and coronary vascular washout was performed with a University of Wisconsin solution. The heart was then removed and immersed into a cold (4degrees C) University of Wisconsin solution. After 12-hour cold storage, 1-hour preservation was added by coronary perfusion using a 4degree C oxygenated University of Wisconsin solution. High-energy phosphate (phosphocreatine, beta-adenosine triphosphate) and phosphate were measured by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 0-hour cold storage, 12-hour cold storage, and immediately after coronary perfusion. RESULTS Phosphocreatine and beta-adenosine triphosphate decreased to 12.1 +/- 24.2% (mean +/ standard deviation), 37.4% +/- 25.0%, respectively, after 12-hour cold storage, and significantly increased to 94.0% +/- 48.7% (p < 0.001), 48.8% (p < 0.05), respectively after 1-hour coronary perfusion. Disorder of nuclear arrangement and edema of muscular cells, which were observed after cold storage, were histologically restored after 1-hour coronary perfusion. After transplantation of preserved grafts, left ventricular pressure and left ventricular rate of pressure rise were evaluated in the graft with 12-hour cold storage only (group A) and in the graft with 12-hour cold storage and 1-hour coronary perfusion (group B). Left ventricular pressure 2 hours after transplantation in group B recovered to 76.1% significantly (p < 0.01), compared with 51.9% in group A. Significantly higher values of left ventricular rate of pressure rise 2 hours after transplantation was observed in group B (83.0% +/ 12.7%) compared with group A (68.2% +/- 12.5%). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the combined method of cold storage and coronary perfusion may be effective for myocardial protection during long-term preservation.
Physiopathology of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias

Les arythmies ventriculaires peuvent relever de trois mécanismes parfois associés: un automatisme anormal, une activité déclenchée compliquant des postdépolarisations précoces ou tardives; un phénomenène de réntreé par mouvement circulaire ou par réflexion. Ces trois mécanismes fondamentaux ont pu être mis en évidence sur le coeur entier notamment sur les modèles expérimentaux les plus utilisés: l'ischémie myocardique et l'intoxication digitalique. Chez l'homme les arguments en faveur de tel ou tel mécanisme ne sont qu'indirects et reposent essentiellement sur les effets des stimulations. Si aucune certitude n'est actuellement possible, il semble cependant légitime de tirer les conclusions suivantes: (1) Les réntrées sont à I'origine des fibrillations ventriculaires, des exceptionnelles tachycardies ventriculaires de branche à branche, et probablement de la plupart des tachycardies ventriculaires récidivantes chroniques soutenues et aisement inductibles de façon reproductible. (2) Le mécanisme des autres arrythmies ventriculaires reste inconnu. (3) Même lorsque les arrythmies sont en rapport avec des phénomènes de réentrée, les extrasystoles déclenchantes peuvent relever d'un mécanisme focal.
A Computer-Based Task for Measuring the Representational Component of Quantitative Proficiency.

In this study, we created a computer-delivered problem-solving task based on the cognitive research literature and investigated its validity for graduate admissions assessment. The task asked examinees to sort mathematical word problem stems according to prototypes. Data analyses focused on the meaning of sorting scores and examinee perceptions of the task. Results showed that those who sorted well tended to have higher GRE General Test scores and college grades than did examinees who sorted less proficiently. Examinees generally preferred this task to multiple-choice items like those found on the General Test's Quantitative section and felt the task was a fairer measure of their ability to succeed in graduate school. Adaptations of the task might be used in admissions tests, as well as for instructional assessments to help lower- scoring examinees localize and remediate problem-solving difficulties.
Spontaneous loss of early pregnancy and risk of ischaemic heart disease in later life: retrospective cohort study

We recently showed that complications in late pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of maternal ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in later life.1 We hypothesised that this may reflect common determinants, such as thrombophilic genetic defects and anticardiolipin antibodies. Spontaneous losses of pregnancy are also associated with inherited and acquired thrombophilias in the mother.2 We examined whether spontaneous losses of early pregnancy are associated with maternal risk of IHD.
Drosophila photoreceptors express cysteine peptidase tan

The Drosophila mutant tan (t) shows reciprocal pigmentation defects compared with the ebony (e) mutant. Visual phenotypes, however, are similar in both flies: Electroretinogram (ERG) recordings lack “on” and “off” transients, an indication of impaired synaptic transmission to postsynaptic cells L1 and L2. Cloning of tan revealed transcription of the gene in the retina, apparently in photoreceptor cells. We expressed Tan in Escherichia coli and confirmed by Western blotting and mass spectroscopic analyses that Tan is expressed as preprotein, followed by proteolytic cleavage into two subunits at a conserved —Gly—Cys— motif like its fungal ortholog isopenicillin‐N N‐acyltransferase (IAT). Tan thus belongs to the large family of cysteine peptidases. To discriminate expression of Tan and Ebony in retina and optic neuropils, we raised antisera against specific Tan peptides. Testing for colocalization with GMR‐driven n‐Syb‐GFP labeling revealed that Tan expression is confined to the photoreceptor cells R1–R8. A close proximity of Tan and Ebony expression is evident in lamina cartridges, where three epithelial glia cells envelop the six photoreceptor terminals R1–R6. In the medulla, R7/R8 axonal terminals appeared lined up side by side with glial extensions. This local proximity supports a model for Drosophila visual synaptic transmission in which Tan and Ebony interact biochemically in a putative histamine inactivation and recycling pathway in Drosophila. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:601–611, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHOGRAPHIC FOR DISTINGUISHING MAIN CATEGORIES OF CONSUMERS BASED ON LIFESTYLE, PERSONALITY AND VALUE VARIABLES

The aim of this research is to determine the position of psychographic variables on target market. The importance of psychographic variables is clear for the researchers of marketing. These are used to distinguish better understanding of consumers especially in order to segment of target market. The marketers utilize the precise information which acquire from subgroups of psychographic segmentation to develop their commercial direction. Other hand, this paper is pursuing to describe some precise subjects from psychographic angle through the antecedents. Undoubtedly, employing the powerful tools from marketing strategies like psychographic segmentation can be useful both research and business for forecasting new products and markets.
Non-blind image deconvolution using deep dual-pathway rectifier neural network

Recently deep neural networks have been successfully used for natural image deconvolution. Whereas the existing methods usually involve an inversion of the blur followed by a denoising step. In this paper we propose a pure learning approach to learn a mapping from a blurred patch to a clean patch directly with a deep dual-pathway rectifier neural network. The experimental results show that our approach outperform the state-of-the-art methods on non-blind image deconvolution within reasonable training time. By analyzing the learned representations, we empirically show that our model works by efficiently detecting the blurry input patterns and then reconstructing the clean patch with the corresponding dictionary atoms.
Randomized, open-label, phase III study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin (PemC) followed by maintenance pemetrexed versus paclitaxel/carboplatin/bevacizumab (PCB) followed by maintenance bevacizumab in patients with advanced nonsquamous (NS) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

LBA8003 Background: PemC and PCB are regimens used for first-line treatment of advanced NS-NSCLC. The primary objective was to compare progression-free survival without Grade 4 toxicity (G4PFS) between two vs three drug regimen arms. METHODS Patients ≥18 years, Stage IV NS NSCLC, AJCC (v7.0), and ECOG PS 0/1 were enrolled. Patients were randomized (1:1); received 4 cycles of induction (PemC: Pem, 500 mg/m2 and C, AUC = 6; PCB: P, 200 mg/m2, C, AUC = 6, and B, 15 mg/kg) followed by Pem (PemC Arm) or B (PCB Arm) maintenance therapy in the absence of progressive disease or discontinuation. Secondary endpoints were PFS, overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). The study was powered for G4PFS; assuming hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75; there was 80% power to detect superiority of PemC over PCB with a 2-sided type I error of 0.10. Efficacy data were analyzed by intent-to-treat principle using the log-rank test for time-to-event variables, and an exact test for ORR and DCR. Safety data were evaluated using CTCAE v3 for patients who received ≥1 dose of study treatment. RESULTS Patients were randomized to PemC (N = 182) or PCB (N = 179). Baseline factors were balanced between arms: median age 66/66 years; % female 42/42; % PS=0, 47/47; % stage IV M1a 29/30; for PemC vs PCB, median G4PFS (months) was 3.91/2.86 (HR = 0.85, 90% CI 0.7, 1.04, p = 0.176); PFS and OS had HR = 1.06 (95% CI 0.84, 1.35), p = 0.610, and HR = 1.07 (95% CI 0.83, 1.36), p = 0.616, respectively. The ORR (%) 23.6/ 27.4 and DCR (%) 59.9/57.0 were for PemC vs PCB, respectively. Significantly more drug-related grade 3/4 anemia (18.7% vs 5.4%), and thrombocytopenia (24.0% vs 9.6%) were seen on PemC; significantly more grade 3/4 neutropenia (48.8% vs 24.6%) and grade 1/2 alopecia (28.3 % vs 8.2%) were seen on PCB. CONCLUSIONS PemC was not superior to PCB in G4PFS; no difference in PFS or OS was observed for the two- vs three-drug regimens. There were no unexpected toxicities; the toxicity profiles demonstrated distinctions by arm, and both regimens demonstrated tolerability. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION NCT00948675.
Out of Touch : From audio recordings to phone apps to mattress sensors, noncontact systems offer a less cumbersome way to monitor sleep.

The impact of poor and disrupted sleep on an individual is significant, affecting the quality of life physiologically, psychologically, and financially. It is estimated that a large population of people who suffer from sleep disorders is unaware of the condition and remains undiagnosed [1], creating a need (and desire) to self-monitor. However, sleep screening is generally cumbersome and complex, requiring multiple wearable sensors (and associated wires) and experts to interpret the large volumes of data.
ROBUST SPATIO-TEMPORAL FEATURE TRACKING

Simultaneous tracking of features acquired by multiple video cameras mounted on a rig opens new possibilities for ego-motion estimation and 3D scene modeling. In this paper we propose a novel approach of tracking three video streams at once. The color image features are detected using interest operators and described with SIFT. Since standard tracking techniques perform outlier detection only according to relative orientation between temporal image pairs and hence suffer from outliers which cannot be identified by the epipolar constraints, we improve the outlier detection using temporal and spatial trifocal constraints. Furthermore, these spatio-temporal constraints allow the system to perform a guided matching, which increases the number of tracked features.
The ‘new career’ changes: Understanding and managing anxiety

Abstract Extensive changes in work structure and conditions have been widely noted, and many more are predicted. The impact on individuals of these changes is examined. This generally involves the expectation of diminished job/work security, and a requirement for individuals to demonstrate greater responsibility and autonomy in the workplace. The importance and meaning of work to individuals is explored from a psychoanalytic perspective. Particular attention is given to ways in which the predicted changes may create anxiety, when there is a threat to such a significant aspect of human activity. It is suggested that those involved in the counselling process in the workplace or in career guidance may need special awareness of these issues, and the ways that they may manifest in the workplace. The concept of ‘containment’ is examined as a helpful notion in considering intervention approaches
Dictionary matching and indexing with errors and don't cares

This paper considers various flavors of the following online problem: preprocess a text or collection of strings, so that given a query string p, all matches of p with the text can be reported quickly. In this paper we consider matches in which a bounded number of mismatches are allowed, or in which a bounded number of "don't care" characters are allowed. The specific problems we look at are: indexing, in which there is a single text t, and we seek locations where p matches a substring of t; dictionary queries, in which a collection of strings is given upfront, and we seek those strings which match p in their entirety; and dictionary matching, in which a collection of strings is given upfront, and we seek those substrings of a (long) p which match an original string in its entirety. These are all instances of an all-to-all matching problem, for which we provide a single solution.The performance bounds all have a similar character. For example, for the indexing problem with n=|t| and m=|p|, the query time for k substitutions is O(m + (c1 log n)k⁄k! + # matches), with a data structure of size O(n (c2 log n)k⁄k! ) and a preprocessing time of O(n (c2 log n)k⁄k! ), where c1,c2 > 1 are constants. The deterministic preprocessing assumes a weakly nonuniform RAM model; this assumption is not needed if randomization is used in the preprocessing.
Addressing covert termination and timing channels in concurrent information flow systems

When termination of a program is observable by an adversary, confidential information may be leaked by terminating accordingly. While this termination covert channel has limited bandwidth for sequential programs, it is a more dangerous source of information leakage in concurrent settings. We address concurrent termination and timing channels by presenting a dynamic information-flow control system that mitigates and eliminates these channels while allowing termination and timing to depend on secret values. Intuitively, we leverage concurrency by placing such potentially sensitive actions in separate threads. While termination and timing of these threads may expose secret values, our system requires any thread observing these properties to raise its information-flow label accordingly, preventing leaks to lower-labeled contexts. We implement this approach in a Haskell library and demonstrate its applicability by building a web server that uses information-flow control to restrict untrusted web applications.
6-Thioguanine for Crohn's disease during pregnancy: Thiopurine metabolite measurements in both mother and child

6-Thioguanine is used as an escape thiopurine for treating inflammatory bowel disease patients intolerant or refractory to azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine or methotrexate. Case reports show conflicting data on the use of 6-thioguanine throughout pregnancy. The administration of the standard thiopurines is believed to be relatively safe. We describe two patients with Crohn's disease treated with low-dose 6-thioguanine during all trimesters of their pregnancies. The pregnancies resulted in two healthy infants: without congenital abnormalities, laboratory signs of myelosuppression or hepatocellular injury. Thiopurine metabolites were measured in mother and infant. Significantly lower levels of 6-thioguaninenucleotides were found in the erythrocytes of the infant compared to the mother (ratio 1:12). Further studies are needed to determine the clinical importance of thiopurine metabolite measurements during pregnancy in mother and child.