Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing for science : understanding and enhancing SciSourcing contribution

INTRODUCTION Recent years have seen an increase in the number of citizen science initiatives, which harness the contribution from large numbers of volunteers to support a scientific project, much like other internet-based crowdsourcing applications. In some cases, citizen science projects are based on volunteer computing, where people contribute their computer resources to the project (rather than contributing their manual effort). The most notable example of these projects is SETI@home, where contributors allocate their personal computing resources to be used for detecting intelligent life outside Earth. Other citizen science initiatives, on the other hand, rely on the manual effort of contributors, for example Galaxy Zoo, a web-based distributed analysis project where contributors classify images of galaxies, or the Citizen Weather Observer Program (CWOP) where volunteers monitor the environment and contribute weather data. Common to all these initiatives is the use of the internet as the primary platform for enabling distributed, volunteered, citizen science contribution. These initiatives represent a paradigm shift in scientific research, reducing substantially operating costs and increasing the involvement of the general public. We term this new breed of internet-based citizen science ‘Science Sourcing’, or simply ‘SciSourcing’. In this workshop position paper we briefly review the field, identify gaps in the current literature, introduce our own research program in this area, and describe preliminary results from two recent empirical studies.
Optimal training design for channel estimation in inhomogeneous distributed sensor networks

This paper investigates the optimal training design for channel estimation in an inhomogeneous distributed sensor network, which is used to estimate a unknown parameter. The training design includes the power allocated for each sensor and the power scheduling between training pilots and sensor observations. In addition to the total power constraint on all the sensors, we introduce individual power constraint for each sensor, which reflects the practical scenario where all sensors are separated from one another. Since the final average mean square error (MSE) depends on the unknown parameter, a lower bound of the MSE is derived to compensate the channel estimation error (CEE). The Multilevel and “cave” waterfilling type solutions are proposed for the optimal training design to minimize the lower bound MSE, with only the sum power constraint and both the sum and individual power constraints, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed training design.
Yaşlanan Kentler: Kentsel Alanda Aktif Yaşlanmayı Destekleyecek Kapsayıcı Tasarım ve Ergonomi

Ozet: Dunya nufusu giderek yaslanmakta, buyuk bolumu de kentsel alanda yasamaktadir. Ancak kentler cesitli yetersizlikleri olan yaslilarin ihtiyaclarini karsilayacak duzeyde degildir. Yaslinin ikamet ettigi cevre sosyoekonomik olarak dezavantajlidir; saglik bakimina, gidalara ulasma, sosyal organizasyonlara katilma ve topluma dahil olma olasiligini azaltmaktadir. Olumsuz cevrenin onemli bir dezavantaji da yuksek duzeyde sosyal bozulma, dusuk sosyal uyum ve problem davranislar uzerinde daha dusuk sosyal kontroldur. Bireysel engeller ve mimari engellerin yani sira, yaslilar icin bagimsiz yasama bakimindan en onemli faktor karar verme ve olaylari kontrol konusundaki ozerklik eksikligidir. Kotu tasarlanmis kent yaslilari ve cesitli engeli bulunan bireyleri devre disi birakmaktadir. Kentsel cevrenin ve yapilarin tasarimi, “aktif” ve “yerinde yaslanma”yi destekleyecek bicimde yapildiginda, yasi ve engeli ne olursa olsun birey disarida kalmayacaktir. Bireysel engellerle-mimari engeller birlikte ele alindiginda birey daha ozerk bicimde yasamini surdurebilecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaslanan kent, aktif yaslanma, kapsayici tasarim, ergonomi Aging Cities: Active Aging in Urban Space, Inclusive Design and Ergonomics Abstract: The world population is getting older, and most of them are living in the urban area. However, cities do not meet the needs of the elderly with various disabilities. The environment in which the elderly reside is socioeconomically disadvantageous; health care, access to food, participation in social organizations, and gathering. A major disadvantage of the negative environment is the high level of social impairment, low social cohesion and lower social control over problem behaviors. In addition to individual barriers and architectural barriers, the most important factor for independent living for the elderly is the lack of autonomy in decision-making and controlling events. It disables poorly designed urban elders and various disabled people. When the design of the urban environment and constructions is done in a way that supports "active" and "aging in place", it should not exclude disability groups and special consumer groups. When the individual obstacles-architectural obstacles are taken together, the individual will be able to continue his / her life in a more autonomous way. Keywords: Aging cities, active aging, inclusive design, ergonomics
Stackless Preemptive Threads for TinyOS

Programming support for multi-threaded applications on embedded microcontroller platforms has attracted a considerable amount of research attention in the recent years. This paper is focused on this problem, and presents UnStacked C, a source-to-source transformation that can translate multithreaded programs into stackless continuations. The transformation can support legacy code by not requiring any changes to application code, and only modifications to the underlying threading library. We describe the details of UnStacked C in the context of the TinyOS operating system for wireless sensor network applications. We present a modified implementation of the TOSThreads library for TinyOS, and show how existing applications programmed using TOSThreads can be automatically transformed to use stackless threads with only modifications in the build process. By eliminating the need to allocate individual thread stacks and by supporting lazy thread preemption, UnStacked C enables a considerable saving of memory used and power consumed, respectively.
Empirical Support for Weighted Majority, Early Drift Detection Method and Dynamic Weighted Majority

Concept drift is the recent trend of online data. The distribution underlying the data is changing with time. There are many algorithms developed in the literature to handle such drifting data concepts. In our paper we will experimentally compare the three different types of concept drifting algorithms, Weighted Majority, EDDM and DWM on datasets that contain different types of concept drift. Here, we will prove that these algorithms can be quite competitive practically, and can improve the accuracy and speed in handling and identifying drifts in data. We have also discussed the case of DWM and calculated the theoretical bounds for the experts' weight reduction when an expert makes a mistake in classifying a new instance.
Combinatorial approach to Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff exponents

A survey of problems related to the Baker-CampbellHausdorff formula is given. The technique of effective « addition » of non-commuting exponents is outlined. The first part of the paper reviews the theory of the discrete BCH formula including its most recent developments. The second part presents a new effective approach to the continuous BCH-formula and yields a general algorithm for an arbitrary analytic function of the quantum theoretical evolution operator. The results are expressed in terms of new natural ordering operators containing the chronological and normal orderings as special cases.
On tracker attacks in health grids

The utilisation of grid computing to support healthcare research is becoming increasingly widespread, as is the use of IT to support healthcare delivery. Furthermore, it seems that the two areas are on an inevitable convergence path as clinical communities in several countries start to investigate how real data stored in electronic patient records can be utilised to facilitate research. The use of IT within healthcare gives rise to unique social and ethical challenges; the area of grid computing has given rise to significant novel security challenges; and the anticipated convergence of these two fields will inevitably give a new lease of life to established challenges. In this paper we consider the phenomenon of tracker attacks in this emerging context, and outline a potential approach to addressing the problem.
Herpes Simplex Virus Utilizes the Large Secretory Vesicle Pathway for Anterograde Transport of Tegument and Envelope Proteins and for Viral Exocytosis from Growth Cones of Human Fetal Axons

ABSTRACT Axonal transport of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is essential for viral infection and spread in the peripheral nervous system of the host. Therefore, the virus probably utilizes existing active transport and targeting mechanisms in neurons for virus assembly and spread from neurons to skin. In the present study, we used transmission immnunoelectron microscopy to investigate the nature and origin of vesicles involved in the anterograde axonal transport of HSV-1 tegument and envelope proteins and of vesicles surrounding partially and fully enveloped capsids in growth cones. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of virus assembly and exit from axons of human fetal dorsal root ganglia neurons. We demonstrated that viral tegument and envelope proteins can travel in axons independently of viral capsids and were transported to the axon terminus in two types of transport vesicles, tubulovesicular membrane structures and large dense-cored vesicles. These vesicles and membrane carriers were derived from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and contained key proteins, such as Rab3A, SNAP-25, GAP-43, and kinesin-1, involved in the secretory and exocytic pathways in axons. These proteins were also observed on fully and partially enveloped capsids in growth cones and on extracellular virions. Our findings provide further evidence to the subassembly model of separate transport in axons of unenveloped capsids from envelope and tegument proteins with final virus assembly occurring at the axon terminus. We postulate that HSV-1 capsids invaginate tegument- and envelope-bearing TGN-derived vesicles and utilize the large secretory vesicle pathway of exocytosis for exit from axons.
The Investigation of Tramadol Dependence with No History of Substance Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Spontaneously Reported Cases in Guangzhou City, China

The study was to survey and assess the drug dependence and abuse potential of tramadol with no history of substance abuse. Subjects of tramadol dependence with no prior history of substance abuse were surveyed by interview. Physical dependence of tramadol was assessed using 10 items opiate withdrawal scale (OWS), and psychological dependence was assessed by Addiction Research Center Inventory—Chinese Version (ARCI-CV). Twenty-three male subjects (the median age was 23.4 ± 4.1 years) referred to the addiction unit in Medical Hospital of Guangzhou with tramadol abuse problems were included in this cross-sectional study. The control group included 87 heroin addicts, 60 methamphetamine (MA) abusers, and 50 healthy men. The scores of OWS of tramadol were 0.83–2.30; the mean scores of identifying euphoric effects–MBG, sedative effects–PCAG, and psychotomimetic effects–LSD of ARCI were 8.96 ± 3.08, 6.52 ± 3.25, and 6.65 ± 2.50, respectively, F = 4.927, P < 0.001. Scores of MBG scale in tramadol did not differ from those in heroin and MA groups (P > 0.05) but were higher than those in healthy men (P < 0.05). Tramadol with no history of substance abuse has a clear risk of producing high abuse potential under the long-term infrequent abuse and the high doses.
Consistency of Hydrologic Relationships of a Paired Watershed Approach

Paired watershed studies are used around the world to evaluate and quantify effects of forest and water management practices on hydrology and water quality. The basic concept uses two neighboring watersheds (one as a control and another as a treatment), which are concurrently monitored during calibration (pre-treatment) and post-treatment periods. A statistically significant relationship between the control and treatment watersheds is established during calibration period such that any significant shift detected in the relationship during treatment is attributed to the treatment effects. The approach assumes that there is a consistent, quantifiable, and predictable relationship between watershed response variables. This study tests the hypothesis that the hydrologic relationships between control and treatment watersheds for daily water table elevation (WTE) and daily flow data were similar without any statistically significant difference during two different calibration (1988-1989 and 2007-2008) and treatment periods (1995-1996 and 2009), when the control and treatment watersheds were interchanged. The watersheds are two artificially drained loblolly pine forests (D1: 24.7 haand D2: 23.6 ha) located in coastal North Carolina. Results depicted significantly similar WTE regression relationships during the two calibration periods but significantly different WTE relationships during the two treatment periods with reversed control and treatment watersheds. Calibration and treatment flow relationships, and the mean treatment effects on WTE and flow, before and after treatment reversal were significantly different (α = 0.05). The study also discusses causes of differences in hydrologic relationships and treatment effects for such reversal of treatments during a 21-year span of the study on these two similar and adjacent watersheds. The observed differences in the hydrologic relationships between control and treatment watersheds before and after treatment reversal may be attributed to climate or hydrologic non-stationarity which may affect the reliability of paired watershed approach especially when the calibration periods are short.
TRAFFIC EQUATIONS AND GRANULAR CONVECTION

We investigate both numerically and analytically the convective instability of granular materials by two-dimensional traffic equations. In the absence of vibrations traffic equations assume two distinctive classes of fixed bed solutions with either a spatially uniform or nonuniform density profile. The former one exists only when the function $V(\ensuremath{\rho})$ that monitors the relaxation of grains assumes a cutoff at the closed packed density, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c},$ with $V({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c})=0,$ while the latter one exists for any form of $V. $ Since there is little difference between the uniform and nonuniform solution deep inside the bed, the convective instability of the bulk may be studied by focusing on the stability of the uniform solution. In the presence of vibrations, we find that the uniform solution bifurcates into a bouncing solution, which then undergoes a supercritical bifurcation to the convective instability. We determine the onset of convection as a function of control parameters and confirm this picture by solving the traffic equations numerically, which reveals bouncing solutions, two convective rolls, and four convective rolls. Further, convective patterns change as the aspect ratio changes: in a vertically long container, the rolls move toward the surface, and in a horizontally long container, the rolls move toward the side walls. We compare these results with the those reported previously with a different continuum model by Hayakawa, Yue, and Hong [Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2328 (1995)]. Finally, we also present a derivation of the traffic equations from Enskoq equation.
Investigation on IEEE 802. 16m Networks under Developed Error Model

based bandwidth request mechanism is suggested for best effort services in WiMAX networks. The design of contention mechanism depends on the error model that reflects the transmission failure. In this paper, we have developed an error model by integrating the collisions due to contention, unavailability of bandwidth and channel error. The conventional exponential increase and exponential decrease (EIED) backoff witnessed low contention efficiency and high access delay with the proposed error model. Hence, we modify the EIED scheme by computing the backoff factors with average contention window and estimating the response time to reduce the waiting time of stations. The performance of WiMAX network is studied with varying number of stations, error rates and the number of slots allocated for bandwidth request. The effectiveness of the developed model is validated by means of simulation results. Keywordsresolution, medium access control, WiMAX, EIED backoff, bandwidth request.
Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals posttranslational responses to aneuploidy in yeast

Aneuploidy causes severe developmental defects and is a near universal feature of tumor cells. Despite its profound effects, the cellular processes affected by aneuploidy are not well characterized. Here, we examined the consequences of aneuploidy on the proteome of aneuploid budding yeast strains. We show that although protein levels largely scale with gene copy number, subunits of multi-protein complexes are notable exceptions. Posttranslational mechanisms attenuate their expression when their encoding genes are in excess. Our proteomic analyses further revealed a novel aneuploidy-associated protein expression signature characteristic of altered metabolism and redox homeostasis. Indeed aneuploid cells harbor increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, increased protein turnover attenuates ROS levels and this novel aneuploidy-associated signature and improves the fitness of most aneuploid strains. Our results show that aneuploidy causes alterations in metabolism and redox homeostasis. Cells respond to these alterations through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03023. 001
Entgeltgleichheit – Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Perspektive: Welche Ursachen hat der Gender Pay Gap?

Auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels kann gezeigt werden, dass der geschlechtsspezifische Verdienstabstand in Deutschland fast vollstandig auf unterschiedliche erwerbsbiografische und berufsbezogene Merkmale zuruckzufuhren ist. Die Befunde bestatigen bereits vorliegende Studienergebnisse und stellen die Notwendigkeit des geplanten Lohngerechtigkeitsgesetzes in Frage.
Standardized LM Tests for Spatial Error Dependence in Linear or Panel Regressions

The robustness of the LM tests for spatial error dependence of Burridge (1980) and Born and Breitung (2011) for the linear regression model, and Anselin (1988) and Debarsy and Ertur (2010) for the panel regression model with random or fixed effects are examined. While all tests are asymptotically robust against distributional misspecification, their finite sample behavior may be sensitive to the spatial layout. To overcome this shortcoming, standardized LM tests are suggested. Monte Carlo results show that the new tests possess good finite sample properties. An important observation made throughout this study is that the LM tests for spatial dependence need to be both mean- and variance-adjusted for good finite sample performance to be achieved. The former is, however, often neglected in the literature. Key Words: Bootstrap; Distributional misspecification; Group interaction; LM test; Moran’s I Test; Robustness; Spatial layout; Spatial panel models JEL No. C21, C23, C5
Structural Break Estimation : A Survey

This paper surveys the literature on structural break estimation with classical econometrics methods. I start by classifying different types of structural breaks. Then, I review differentiating the presence of structural breaks from the unit root. They are often easily confused because the tests looking for the existence of one could give supporting evidence for the presence of the other. Finally, this paper refers to both testing for the presence of breaks in the data, and also estimating their dates with single and multiple break estimators JEL Codes: C10
Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals.

Here we show that progress towards a reliable phylogeny for placental mammals at the ordinal level continues apace. We draw especially upon insights from the recent “International Symposium on the Origin of Mammalian Orders” held at The Graduate University of Advanced Study, Hayama, Japan (21–25 July 1998), particularly work not incorporated in the remainder of this issue or published elsewhere. Abstracts to talks and posters presented at this meeting can be found at www.utexas. edu/ftp/depts/systbiol/. The talks fell into three main sections, which we will now consider, followed by a summary where we present our current best estimate of the tree for placental mammals.
Challenges in automotive cyber-physical systems design

Systems with tightly interacting computational (cyber) units and physical systems are generally referred to as cyber-physical systems. They involve an interplay between embedded systems, control theory, real-time systems and software engineering. A very good example of cyber-physical systems design arises in the context of automotive architectures and software. Modern high-end cars have 50-100 processors or electronic control units (ECUs) that communicate over a network of buses such as CAN and FlexRay. In such complex settings, traditional control-theoretic approaches - where control engineers are only concerned with high-level plant and controller models - start breaking down. This is because implementation-level realities such as message delay, jitter, and task execution times are not adequately considered when designing the controller. Hence, it is becoming necessary to adopt a more holistic, cyber-physical systems design approach where the semantic gap between high-level control models and their actual implementations on multiprocessor automotive platforms is quantified and consciously closed. In this paper we give several examples on how this may be done and the current research challenges in this area that are being faced by the academia and the industry.
Do Palliative Steroids Prolong Survival in Dogs With Multicentric Lymphoma

PICO question In dogs with naturally occurring multicentric B cell lymphoma does treatment with glucocorticoids alone extend survival time when compared to no treatment? Clinical bottom line There is weak evidence, due to insufficient studies with untreated control groups, regarding the impact on survival of prednisolone treatment in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. From the papers identified from the search functions used for the clinical question remission in uncontrolled trials was reported following prednisolone treatment. Details of which can be found in other sections of this paper.