Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Double‐Blind, Randomized, Parallel‐ Group, Dose‐Ranging Study of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Female Subjects With Horizontal Forehead Rhytides

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A is used cosmetically to improve facial lines, but it has not been thoroughly investigated for the treatment of horizontal forehead rhytides. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of three doses of botulinum toxin type A in females with horizontal forehead rhytides and to establish whether the response rate and the duration of response are dose dependent. METHODS Fifty-nine female patients with horizontal forehead rhytides scoring 2 (moderate) or 3 (severe) on the facial wrinkle scale (FWS) were randomly assigned to receive 16, 32, or 48 U of botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Botox Cosmetic; Allergan, Irvine, CA), which was administered to eight injection sites. Half of the dose was administered to the brow depressors and the other half to the elevators. Wrinkle severity was assessed by the investigator and patient using the FWS at baseline, at Weeks 2 and 4, and then every 4 weeks for 48 weeks. RESULTS Improvements in horizontal rhytides were observed in all dosage groups. Significant dose–response trends were observed for rate of improvement at maximum brow elevation (53% in the 48-U group vs. 15% in the 16-U group at 16 weeks) and rate of relapse to baseline (35% in the 48-U group vs. 75% in the 16-U group at 16 weeks) by a trained observer. CONCLUSION Higher botulinum toxin type A doses resulted in greater efficacy and longer duration of effect in the reduction of horizontal rhytides.
Function of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.

BURG, MAURICE, AND NORDICA GREEN. Function of the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop. Am. J. Physiol. 224(3) : 659-668. 1973. -The thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop was dissected from rabbit kidneys and perfused in vitro. There was net NaCl absorption from the tubule lumen with resultant lowering of lumen NaCl concentration below that of the bath. Since the electrical PD was positive in the lumen, Cl is absorbed actively. Na absorption is largely passive as indicated by comparison of 1) Na flux ratio and PD (at fast perfusion rates); and 2) Na concentration ratio and PD (at slow perfusion rates). However, the possibility of some active Na transport is not ruled out. The PD results from Cl transport. It is eliminated reversibly by removal of Cl from bath and lumen (SO4 substitution) and by ouabain. The PD is increased by removal of Na from bath and lumen (choline substitution). Na permeability is greater than Cl permeability, as indicated by I) the NaCl diffusion potential that is lumen positive when lumen NaCl concentration is low, and 2) radioisotope measurements of ion fluxes. Water permeability (Lp) is low, which combined with the NaCl transport accounts for the dilution of the urine in this segment.
Sperm Chromatin

Sperm are remarkably complex cells with a singularly important mission: to deliver paternal DNA and its associated factors to the oocyte to start a new life. The integrity of sperm DNA is a keystone of reproductive success, which includes fertilization and embryonic development. In addition, the significance in these processes of proteins that associate with sperm DNA is increasingly being appreciated. In this review, we highlight proteomic studies that have identified sperm chromatin proteins with fertility roles that have been validated by molecular studies in model organisms or correlations in the clinic. Up to 50% of male-factor infertility cases in the clinic have no known cause and therefore no direct treatment. In-depth study of the molecular basis of infertility has great potential to inform the development of sensitive diagnostic tools and effective therapies that will address this incongruity. Because sperm rely on testis-specific protein isoforms and post-translational modifications for their development and function, sperm-specific processes are ideal for proteomic explorations that can bridge the research lab and fertility clinic.
Fathers' perceptions of the immediate postpartal period.

PURPOSE To describe the perceptions of first-time fathers regarding critical moments of the immediate postpartum period. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING Data were collected through semistructured interviews with the fathers, using the critical incident technique; this was done in their home, within the first 12 days following the birth of their child. PARTICIPANTS Sample consisted of 13 first-time fathers. RESULTS A qualitative analysis allowed for the identification of five domains, five categories, and 12 subcategories of critical incidents within the first 96 hours of the postpartum period. The five domains of incidents relate to self and others: as individuals, as a couple, and as parents in relationship with the environment and with the nursing personnel. On the basis of a combined score of fathers' presence on the maternity ward, we were able to define three subgroups. All groups of fathers were sensitive to interactions with their baby and with the nurses. Highly involved fathers reported not feeling supported by the hospital environment policies in regard to engaging in behaviors that could favor their involvement with their baby. CONCLUSIONS Increased awareness of fathers' experiences during the immediate postpartum period will enable nurses to respond more effectively to the fathers' needs.
YARN versus MapReduce — A comparative study

The amount of digital data has exploded in recent years. One of the most popular tools for storage and processing of such huge digital data is Apache Hadoop[8]. The initial version of Hadoop i.e Hadoop 1.x supports distributed processing of large scale data using core MapReduce processing engine. MapReduce version l(MRvl) allows processing of big amount of data(i.e BigData) in-parallel on large clusters of computers. Even though Hadoop can be considered as a fast, scalable, cost-effective and fault-tolerant solution to big data problem, certain limitations exists in the Hadoop 1.x. However, things changed with the introduction of Hadoop 2.x. Hadoop 2.0 uses YARN(Yet Another Resource Negotiator), which separates the resource management and job scheduling task. This paper discusses the advantages YARN offered over the previous version of processing framework in Hadoop and also compares MapReduce and YARN based on some selected parameters.
Study on biosynthesis of alkaline protease by mutagenized culture of Bacillus pumilus

The aim of the study was to enhance the production alkaline protease by employing combined mutagenic treatments. The parent strain Bacillus pumilus was exposed to UV irradiation followed by EMS (Ethyl methane sulfonate) and MMS (Methyl methane sulfonate) to improve the yield of alkaline protease. After each treatment, the mutants were screened on skim milk agar plates for the selection of best proteolytic mutant. Among various mutants, the mutant Bacillus pumilus M15 was selected as best positive mutant produced 1.95 fold more enzyme over the parent strain in similar culture conditions. The enzyme was partially purified by precipitating with (NH4)2SO4 at different saturation level (40-80 %). Approximately 2.1 fold increase in enzyme activity was achieved from the initial culture broth at 70 % saturation level with 83.6 % enzyme recovery. Some fundamental properties of partially purified enzyme like effects of different temperatures and pH values on protease activity were also studied. Maximum protease activity was obtained at pH 10 at 60 o C. These properties indicate its potential application in detergent formulation and leather processing.
The Japanese at work: illusions of the ideal

Five aspects of Japanese organisational practice are commonly cited as factors in the Japanese ‘economic miracle’. While these are often used to illustrate the human-centred philosophy of Japanese management, closer scrutiny reveals that these ‘ideal’ working practices are rooted in various culturally-dependent, coercive techniques which may be unsuitable for Britain.
Multilevel Current-Source Inverter With FPGA Control

In this paper, a multilevel current-source inverter (MCSI) topology is analyzed. The issue of constructing a novel modular single-rating inductor MCSI is explored, taking advantage of the features of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) for control and gate signal generation. The proposed topology is built with identical modules where all inductors carry the same amount of current, simplifying the construction and operation of industrial applications with higher efficiency. A new state-machine approach, which is easy to implement in an FPGA, and a proper implementation of the phase-shifted carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PSC-SPWM) allow both current balance in all modules and effective switching-frequency minimization. The performance of the MSCI proposed is simulated with Matlab and is verified by constructing a prototype.
A Contingency Approach to Resource-Creation Processes

The resource-based view has provided valuable insights into sources of competitive advantage, but little attention has been paid to the processes of resource creation. To address this shortcoming, this paper reviews the strategy process literature, explaining the theoretical positions and assumptions that underpin different types of process. It then examines the mechanisms by which resources have been found to be created; luck, resource picking, internal development and alliances. Next, a series of resource-creation pathways that illustrate the different routes firm inputs might take on the way to becoming unique and valuable resources is developed. These pathways are also discussed in terms of the strategy processes through which they are developed, and the appropriate resource-creation processes. The review is then extended with the introduction of two contingent variables - task complexity and environmental stability - and the resource-creation processes that are congruent with different combinations of these variables are explored. From this review, one is able to identify the combination of complex task and stable environment likely to be the most conducive to resource creation. Finally, the paper explores opportunities that firms might have to engineer stability and complexity in some parts of their operations with the aim of developing a resource-based advantage.
Regio- and Stereospecificity of Filipin Hydroxylation Sites Revealed by Crystal Structures of Cytochrome P450 105P1 and 105D6 from Streptomyces avermitilis*

The polyene macrolide antibiotic filipin is widely used as a probe for cholesterol and a diagnostic tool for type C Niemann-Pick disease. Two position-specific P450 enzymes are involved in the post-polyketide modification of filipin during its biosynthesis, thereby providing molecular diversity to the “filipin complex. ” CYP105P1 and CYP105D6 from Streptomyces avermitilis, despite their high sequence similarities, catalyze filipin hydroxylation at different positions, C26 and C1′, respectively. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the CYP105P1-filipin I complex. The distal pocket of CYP105P1 has the second largest size among P450 hydroxylases that act on macrolide substrates. Compared with previously determined substrate-free structures, the FG helices showed significant closing motion on substrate binding. The long BC loop region adopts a unique extended conformation without a B′ helix. The binding site is essentially hydrophobic, but numerous water molecules are involved in recognizing the polyol side of the substrate. Therefore, the distal pocket of CYP105P1 provides a specific environment for the large filipin substrate to bind with its pro-S side of position C26 directed toward the heme iron. The ligand-free CYP105D6 structure was also determined. A small sub-pocket accommodating the long alkyl side chain of filipin I was observed in the CYP105P1 structure but was absent in the CYP105D6 structure, indicating that filipin cannot bind to CYP105D6 with a similar orientation due to steric hindrance. This observation can explain the strict regiospecificity of these enzymes.
What do the hydrocarbons from trees contribute to air pollution?

Plant species release appreciable quantities of volatile organic substances to the atmosphere. The major compounds emitted are monoterpenes (C10) like α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene and the hemiterpene (C5) isoprene. The rate of emission of isoprene is light dependent and ranges between 0.04 to 2.4 ppb/cm2/min/l for oak, cottonwood, and eucalyptus foliage. The rate of emission of a- and/3-pinene and limonene is dependent on the rate of transpiration, structural integrity of the oil cells and resin glands, and temperature of the foliage. Rates of emission for conifer foliage range from 0.4 to 3.5 ppb/g/min/l. An inventory of North American forest regions for the frequency of occurrence of these chemicals released by different tree species showed that 15% was the lowest value for a specific forest-type that emitted terpenes to the atmosphere. More commonly 100% of the trees of a given forest-type emitted terpenes to the atmosphere. An average of 70% is typical of the United States forested regions as a wh.
FASB Statement 8 Resolved Foreign Currency Accounting—Or Did It?

4 Last October the Financial Accounting Standards Board released Statement No. 8, which deals with translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries. The new rules will obsolete accounting methods used by two-thirds of American-based multinationals and alter the translation gains and losses in many 1975 annual reports. Whether a given set of translation rules results in a gain or loss is a matter of which accounts the rules cite for translation at the current exchange rate. Under the rules in Statement No. 8, except for inventory consumed in cost of goods sold and depreciation, the subsidiary's income-statement items are translated into dollars at the exchange rate prevailing at the time transactions occur. Balancesheet items are translated at the exchange rate that prevailed when the item was acquired, with owners' equity taken to be whatever number will balance the assets and liabilities. Under Statement No. 8, the accounting exposure of a foreign subsidiary wi 11 often differ from the economic exposure: Many people believe, for example, that when the country in which a subsidiary is located devalues, the result in general is an economic loss to the parent. Yet the definition of gains and losses in Statement No. 8 is such that, if the subsidiary is levered, a devaluation of the local currency will result in translation gains. >
Impact of tourism marketing on destination image: industry perspectives.

The purpose of the current research is to study the importance of destination image to products and distribution partners in the tourism system. It also examines the perceived contribution of various image creation factors in stages of the consumer buying process. The study examines the opinions of management from travel products located in Australia and active marketing in the US and management from travel wholesalers marketing Australian travel products in the US. Results of the study highlight the importance of destination image to destination image stakeholders. It concludes that image creation factors play different roles during the consumer buying process. The study recognizes the perceived importance of Australian tourism Commission (ATC) brand development strategies. The Australian branding experience in the US provides insights for destination marketing organizations (DMOs) seeking to maximize their impact on destination image creation by leveraging �word of mouth,� public relations, e-marketing, and stakeholder marketing efforts.
THE ASSESSMENT: STRATEGIC POLICY DILEMMAS FOR THE 1990s

In Europe, this is most obvious in the growing concern over unemployment which, at about 12 per cent, has now reached a level exceeding even that reached in the Great Depression. Most developed countries, moreover, face—or, at least, think they face—a fiscal crisis. Hie fact that problems of high public borrowing and rising national debt stocks are self-evidently in part a result of recession, slow growth, and (in Europe) persistent unemployment, does not make the situation any more comfortable: conventional responses of the fiscal kind, whether macroeconomic or in the form of directed labour m rket measures, seem to be blocked off. And, though the situation varies considerably between countries, there are limits to the use of monetary p licy imposed by worries over inflation or by exchange-rate objectives (such as those which were embodied in the now disintegrating exchange-rate mechanism (ERM)). Even without formal ex change-rate commitments or objectives, increasing international integration limits the freedom of ma noeuvre for any one country.
Human Rights Violations, Corruption, and the Policy of Repression

Quantitative cross-national research on human rights violations and repression has made considerable progress in identifying and eliminating economic and political factors that influence the use of torture and killing by governments. Warfare tends to increase violations, democracy—notably full democracy—and trade tends to inhibit violations. Where motives have been considered, this research has generally assumed a strategic motivation for government use of repression. Repression is employed to counter threats from the opposition as represented by the presence of warfare. Less attention has been given to the effect of implementation on levels of repression. Theory suggests that agents are likely to make a substantial independent contribution to the level of repression, if given the opportunity. In this article we develop this argument and present cross-country comparative evidence that suggests that agents’ opportunities for hidden action measured by perceived levels of financial corruption substantially influences the incidence of torture in a political system, after controlling for the strategic motive of governments and the other factors found influential in earlier research. We show that the results are robust and not sensitive to alternative modeling, measurement, and research-design decisions.
Amygdaloid region for defence reactions and its efferent pathway to the brain stem

Many workers have shown that defence reactions, including the manifestations of alerting, flight and attack, can be produced by electrical stimulation in the amygdala of the cat (Gastaut, Vigouroux, Corriol & Badier, 1951; MacLean & Delgado, 1953; Kaada, Andersen & Jansen, 1954; Magnus & Lammers, 1956; Shealy & Peale, 1957; de Molina & Hunsperger, 1959; Ursin & Kaada, 1960). The striking resemblance to defence reactions obtained on stimulation of well-defined areas of the hypothalamus and mid-brain extends not only to the behavioural aspects of the response but also to the autonomic components, such as pupillary dilatation and piloerection. This led Magnus & Lammers (1956) to suggest that the amygdaloid response is produced by activation of the hypothalamic area. They also suggested, from anatomical considerations, that the two areas are most probably connected through the stria terminalis and a projection of the longitudinal association bundle. This suggestion appeared to be supported by the finding of de Molina & Hunsperger (1959) that stimulation in the stria terminalis produced a defence reaction similar to that obtained from the amygdala and hypothalamus. Abrahams, Hilton & Zbrozyna (1960) showed that the defence reaction obtained on stimulation in the brain stem is accompanied by a characteristic cardiovascular response which includes an atropine-sensitive vasodilatation in skeletal muscle. This muscle vasodilatation was found in the present work to be as characteristic of the defence reactions evoked by stimulation of the amygdala or stria terminalis. Using the muscle vasodilatation as well as the behavioural response in acute and chronic preparations, we could show that the stria terminalis is not the conducting system by which the hypothalamic centre for the defence reaction is activated, as already reported briefly by Zbrozyna (1960). The pathway appears to run by a short and narrow band connecting the amygdala with the hypothalamus throughout its length.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Individuals Infected with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Have a Reduced Capacity To Respond to Recall Antigens

ABSTRACT Evidence indicates that human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection leads to chronic immunosuppression and a greater susceptibility to infectious diseases. Spontaneous in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is an important immunological feature of HTLV-1-infected individuals. However, the association between spontaneous proliferation and immunosuppression is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the cellular immune responses of PBMC from 58 asymptomatic HTLV-1-infected individuals with PBMC showing or not showing spontaneous proliferation. Individuals with PBMC that spontaneously proliferated had increased proportions of CD4 T cells expressing CD45RO and dramatically reduced responses to recall antigens. In addition, frequencies of positive responses to recall antigens were also decreased in HTLV-infected individuals without spontaneous proliferation of PBMC. There was a polyclonal expansion of multiple T-cell receptor Vβ families of CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with spontaneous proliferation. We observed that HTLV-1 induced an immunosuppression characterized by a decrease in the stimulation index to a recall antigen, even in individuals who did not present spontaneous proliferation. On the other hand, only patients with PBMC presenting spontaneous proliferation showed polyclonal activation and increased proportion of CD4 T cells expressing CD45RO.
Electron microscopic changes in human oesophageal epithelium in oesophagitis

At the ultrastructural level the inflamed oesophageal epithelium shows a variety of lesions. These include mitochondrial damage, intracellular oedema, membrane whorls and dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and the appearance of keratohyaline and parakeratosis granules. The basement membrane shows changes ranging from thickening to areas of loss of continuity. There is an increase in the anchoring fibrils. The spaces between the cells are enlarged and contain varying amounts of debris rich in neutral mucosubstances. There are less membrane-coated granules in the inflamed epithelium than in the normal. The intra-epithelial intrusive cells demonstrated were lymphocytes and neutrophil polymorphs.
American Indian Tribal Governance and Management: Public Administration Promise or Pretense?

Research on tribal governance in the United States is scarce among public administration scholars. Nonetheless, tribal governance is a pre-Columbian practice that predates its acknowledgment in the U.S. Constitution and federal law. This article gives attention to work from other disciplines, demonstrating that an interdisciplinary approach offers the best historical and current information on the state of public administration research concerning American Indian tribes; tribal governance literature is most definitely not “missing” but is instead moderately “unassembled” as a subfield of public administration. This article looks to build on what remains missing and suggests areas within tribal governance that should be addressed in the future.
Statistical Characteristics of Stationary Processes in Cyclic Autocorrelation Based PSK Symbol Rate Estimation

Statistical characteristics of stationary processes in the cyclic autocorrelation based PSK symbol rate estimation are detailedly studied in this letter. The analytic expressions of the means and the variances of those undesired items which are produced by stationary processes are deduced, and the simplified forms for the Gaussian white noise case are also provided. Simulation results are presented to confirm the theoretical conclusions.