Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foundation for mitigating range dependence in radar space-time adaptive processing

The problem of detecting slow-moving targets using a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) radar is addressed. The determination of the optimum interference-rejection weights at each range is based on snapshots at neighbouring ranges. However, in virtually all bistatic configurations or/and when using conformal antenna arrays (CAA), snapshot statistics are range dependent, which results in poor detection performance. To address this issue, a foundation for range-dependence compensation in STAP in the case of Gaussian interference and noise is proposed. The realistic case where received snapshots are the only source of information for mitigating the range dependence is considered. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed foundation, this foundation is used to design a method to adaptively compensate for range dependence in a challenging situation, that is, for a radar using a CAA and operating in a bistatic configuration.
Therapy for Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis

Human papillomaviruses types 6 or 11 are aetiological agents of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, a disease characterized by benign exophytic tumours usually on the vocal cords. Surgery debulks the tumours, but these growths generally recur at regular intervals. Adjunct medical treatments, aimed at containing the virus and growth of tumours, include indole-3-carbinol or its dimer diindolylmethane, interferon, photodynamic therapy and others. Preventive and therapeutic vaccines hold promise for eliminating the virus.
UNDERSTANDING AND PREDICTING THE EARLY COURSE OF SYMPTOMS OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, we examined whether: 1) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms remain stable from preschool (54 months) through early school age (1st grade); 2) preschool behavioral inhibition moderates the relationship between preschool and first grade ADHD symptomatology; and 3) deficits in behavioral inhibition at preschool age mediate the relationship between ADHD symptomatology assessed at preschool and first grade. Modest stability in ADHD symptoms from 54 months to 1st grade was found. Two out of three measures of inhibition predicted later teacher ratings uniquely. However, no evidence of moderation or mediation was found. Results are discussed in terms of executive and motivational facets of inhibition that may be related to early signs of ADHD.
Production of knowledge revisited: The impact of academic spin-offs on public research performance in Europe (PROKNOW). Abbreviated description of the research project funded by the European Commission

Das Eu-geforderte Projekt Production of Knowledge Revisited: The Impact of Academic Spin-Offs on Public Research Performance in Europe (PROKNOW) analysiert Interaktionen zwischen offentlichen Forschungseinrichtungen und deren akademischen Ausgrundungen („Spin-offs“) und hat dabei die Folgen der unternehmerischen Aktivitaten auf das akademische Forschungssystem im Fokus. Auf der Grundlage von Ansatzen aus der Organisationssoziologie und der neueren Wissenschaftsforschung fragt das Projekt nach Gewinnen und Verlusten von Spin-off-Aktivitaten fur offentliche Forschungseinrichtungen und leistet damit einen Beitrag zur Erforschung zum Verhaltnis offentlicher und privater Wissensformen in innovativen Prozessen der Wissensproduktion. Anhand von akademischen Ausgrundungen lassen sich Innovationsprozesse als Interaktion von Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in exemplarischer Weise untersuchen. PROKNOW wird einen europaweiten Vergleich der Forschungseinrichtungen in sieben Landern unternehmen. Ausgewahlt wurden die drei grosten Forschungssysteme, Deutschland, Frankreich und Grosbritannien sowie die vielfach als innovativ eingeschatzten Systeme der Niederlande, der Schweiz und Finnlands und des EU-Beitrittskandidaten Bulgarien, die jeweils fur avancierte Ansatze stehen. Dabei wird PROKNOW verschiedene Formen von offentlichen Forschungseinrichtungen, universitare und auseruniversitare Einrichtungen analysieren. Das Projekt wird sich auf die Bereiche Biowissenschaften, Informations- und Nanotechnologien konzentrieren. Damit kann PROKNOW dazu beitragen, die institutionellen und organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen fur eine fruchtbare Interaktion von offentlichen Forschungseinrichtungen und akademischen Spin-offs zu optimieren.
Coordination of Plastid Protein Import and Nuclear Gene Expression by Plastid-to-Nucleus Retrograde Signaling1[W][OA]

Expression of nuclear-encoded plastid proteins and import of those proteins into plastids are indispensable for plastid biogenesis. One possible cellular mechanism that coordinates these two essential processes is retrograde signaling from plastids to the nucleus. However, the molecular details of how this signaling occurs remain elusive. Using the plastid protein import2 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which lacks the atToc159 protein import receptor, we demonstrate that the expression of photosynthesis-related nuclear genes is tightly coordinated with their import into plastids. Down-regulation of photosynthesis-related nuclear genes is also observed in mutants lacking other components of the plastid protein import apparatus. Genetic studies indicate that the coordination of plastid protein import and nuclear gene expression is independent of proposed plastid signaling pathways such as the accumulation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX and the activity of ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4). Instead, it may involve GUN1 and the transcription factor AtGLK. The expression level of AtGLK1 is tightly correlated with the expression of photosynthesis-related nuclear genes in mutants defective in plastid protein import. Furthermore, the activity of GUN1 appears to down-regulate the expression of AtGLK1 when plastids are dysfunctional. Based on these data, we suggest that defects in plastid protein import generate a signal that represses photosynthesis-related nuclear genes through repression of AtGLK1 expression but not through activation of ABI4.
Relational Perspectives on Leaders’ Influence Behavior

To understand leader influence behavior in organizations, it is essential to understand how subordinates interpret the different influence strategies used by their superiors. In this study, we examine the effect of influence behavior on organizational commitment from two relational perspectives with employees from Chinese and Western societies. Drawing on relational attribution theory, we develop a multiple mediation model to determine whether the relationships between influence behavior and organizational commitment are meditated by leader–member exchange (LMX) and/or guanxi. We also examine whether the effects vary across the two broad cultural samples. Results indicate the mediating effect is contributed mainly by LMX, not guanxi. Results show no significant cross-cultural differences, suggesting the theoretical framework we propose may be generalizable across cultures. Implications and ideas for future research are provided.
Social learning analytics: five approaches

This paper proposes that Social Learning Analytics (SLA) can be usefully thought of as a subset of learning analytics approaches. SLA focuses on how learners build knowledge together in their cultural and social settings. In the context of online social learning, it takes into account both formal and informal educational environments, including networks and communities. The paper introduces the broad rationale for SLA by reviewing some of the key drivers that make social learning so important today. Five forms of SLA are identified, including those which are inherently social, and others which have social dimensions. The paper goes on to describe early work towards implementing these analytics on SocialLearn, an online learning space in use at the UK's Open University, and the challenges that this is raising. This work takes an iterative approach to analytics, encouraging learners to respond to and help to shape not only the analytics but also their associated recommendations.
Towards Automated Related Work Summarization

We introduce the novel problem of automatic related work summarization. Given multiple articles (e.g., conference/journal papers) as input, a related work summarization system creates a topic-biased summary of related work specific to the target paper. Our prototype Related Work Summarization system, ReWoS, takes in set of keywords arranged in a hierarchical fashion that describes a target paper's topics, to drive the creation of an extractive summary using two different strategies for locating appropriate sentences for general topics as well as detailed ones. Our initial results show an improvement over generic multi-document summarization baselines in a human evaluation.
Fine‐tuned coupling between human parahippocampal ripples and sleep spindles

Sleep‐associated memory consolidation is thought to rely on coordinated information transfer between the hippocampus and neocortex brought about during slow wave sleep (SWS) by distinct local field potential oscillations. Specifically, findings in animals have led to the concept that ripples originating from hippocampus combine with spindles to provide a fine‐tuned temporal frame for a persistent transfer of memory‐related information to the neocortex. The present study focused on characterizing the temporal relationship between parahippocampal ripple activity (80–140 Hz) and spindles recorded from frontal, parietal and parahippocampal cortices in 12 epilepsy patients implanted with parahippocampal foramen ovale electrodes. Overall, parietal and parahippocampal spindles showed closer relationships to parahippocampal ripple activity than frontal spindles, with the latter following parietal and parahippocampal spindles at a variable delay of up to 0.5 s. On a timescale of seconds, ripple activity showed a continuous increase before the peak of parietal and parahippocampal spindles, and decreased thereafter. At a fine timescale of milliseconds, parahippocampal ripple activity was tightly phase‐locked to the troughs of these spindles. The demonstration of spindle phase‐locked ripple activity in humans is consistent with the idea of a temporally fine‐tuned hippocampus‐to‐neocortex transfer of information taking place during SWS.
Decentralized control of networks of dynamic agents with invariant nodes: A probabilistic view

This paper addresses agreement problems in networks of dynamic agents in presence of invariant nodes. The network consists of a set of integrator agents which can communicate according to an underlying topology. Invariant nodes are nodes whose dynamics are invariant of their connection to the network. These nodes can be thought of as local leaders, adversaries or intruders trying to break the group’s consensus or simply nodes of more importance than regular nodes. The convergence of the networks of dynamic agents with presence of invariant nodes has been studied and it has been shown that determination of the steady sate values of regular nodes in presence of invariant nodes results in solving a discrete Dirichlet problem with boundary values given by the invariant nodes.
New immunohistochemical method for improved myotonia and chloride channel mutation diagnostics

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to validate the immunohistochemical assay for the diagnosis of nondystrophic myotonia and to provide full clarification of clinical disease to patients in whom basic genetic testing has failed to do so. Methods: An immunohistochemical assay of sarcolemmal chloride channel abundance using 2 different ClC1-specific antibodies. Results: This method led to the identification of new mutations, to the reclassification of W118G in CLCN1 as a moderately pathogenic mutation, and to confirmation of recessive (Becker) myotonia congenita in cases when only one recessive CLCN1 mutation had been identified by genetic testing. Conclusions: We have developed a robust immunohistochemical assay that can detect loss of sarcolemmal ClC-1 protein on muscle sections. This in combination with gene sequencing is a powerful approach to achieving a final diagnosis of nondystrophic myotonia.
Is Quantum Mechanics Relevant To Understanding Consciousness? A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose

1.1 The present essay explores three issues raised by Penrose in Shadows of the Mind (abbreviated Shadows from here on): (1) is classical (non-quantum) science incapable of understanding brain operation? ; (2) are long-range quantum effects able to produce measurable changes in neural activity? ; (3) why have so many researchers proposed a strong connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness? In connection with this third topic, I will argue that although Penrose is probably wrong about the physics of quantum mechanics being relevant to the (third person) neural correlates of awareness, the metaphysics of quantum mechanics may be essential to understanding the (first person) subjective nature of consciousness. In Penrose's approach these two aspects become inseparably intertwined, adding confusion to an already murky area.
SERUM LIPOPROTEINS AND THE EVALUATION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

This section of this publication is concerned with methodology for the evaluation of atherosclerosis and its progression in order that the effect of potential prophylactic and therapeutic agents for this disease may be assayed. There are several known features about atherosclerosis that must be carefully considered if the investigator concerned with prevention or therapy of atherosclerosis is to understand clearly what he may expect from any pharmacologic or other procedure designed to influence this disease. Since the earliest descriptions of atherosclerotic lesions, it has been realized that this is a patchy, focal disease. One region of a particular artery may show much more extensive atherosclerotic involvement than an adjacent region of that same artery or more than some other entire artery. Local arterial-wall injury and hydrodynamic factors have been considered by some workers to be responsible for the focal character of atherosclerotic lesions. ’. At the present time, prophylactic and therapeutic procedures directed toward the local factors that accentuate atherosclerosis do not appear promising, although efforts in this direction should be welcomed and encouraged. What is of prime importance, however, is that the focal character of atherosclerosis should not be allowed to obscure and confuse the much larger problem of atherosclerosis itself. Thus while it is true that a single focal area involved with atherosclerosis can produce clinical consequences such as coronary heart disease, this is the unusual situation rather than the rule, Necropsy studies of coronary arteries of individuals with clinical coronary heart disease in life have revealed that, on the average, the coronary arteries of such persons show more extensive, widespread atherosclerosis than do the coronary arteries of individuals otherwise comparable, but who are without clinically manifest coronary heart disease.s* (2) The general metabolic feulures of atherosclerosis. Excessive attention directed toward the focal features of atherosclerosis can obscure a very important feature of atherosclerosis, namely, that this disease is associated strongly with a general metabolic factor, measurable in the form of the steady state level of certain lipoproteins of the circulating 8 , ’I Very few investigators of this problem retain any doubt concerning the relationship between circulating-blood lipids and the development of atherosclerosis, even though they may differ in opinions as to the best procedure for measuring the important blood lipids. The nature of the relationship between circulating-blood lipoproteins and atherosclerosis appears to be such that the rale of development of new atherosclerosis is proportional to the “effective” concentration of certain serum lipoproteins.6 Here, of course, one is concerned with the average rate of development of new disease, wholly aside from focal factors in a particular region of an artery that may be operative. Indeed, any study directed toward
Evaluation of the Effects of Pasireotide LAR Administration on Lymphocele Prevention after Axillary Node Dissection for Breast Cancer: Results of a Randomized Non-Comparative Phase 2 Study

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy (response rate centered on 80%) of a somatostatin analog with high affinity for 4 somatostatin receptors in reducing the postoperative incidence of symptomatic lymphocele formation following total mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Setting This prospective, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial was conducted in two secondary care centres. Participants All female patients for whom mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were indicated were eligible for the study, including patients who had received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Main exclusion criteria were related to diabetes, cardiac insufficiency, disorder of cardiac conduction or hepatic failure. Interventions Patients were randomised to receive one injection of either prolonged-release pasireotide 60 mg or placebo (physiological serum), which were administered intramuscularly 7 to 10 days before the scheduled surgery. The study was conducted in a double-blind manner. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients who did not develop post-operative axillary symptomatic lymphoceles during the 2 postoperative months. Secondary endpoints were the total quantity of lymph drained, duration and daily volume of drainage and aspirated volumes of lymph. Results Ninety-one patients were randomised. Ninety patients were evaluable: 42 patients received pasireotide, and 48 patients received placebo. The mean estimated response rate were 62.4% (95% Credibility Interval [CrI]: 48.6%-75.3%) in the treatment group and 50.2% (95% CrI: 37.6%-62.8%) in the placebo group. Overall safety was comparable across groups, and one serious adverse event occurred. In the treatment group, one patient with known insulin-depe*ndent diabetes required hospitalization for hyperglycaemia. Conclusions With this phase 2 preliminary study, even if our results indicate a trend towards a reduction in symptomatic lymphocele, pre-operative injection of pasireotide failed to achieve a response rate centered on 80%. Pharmacokinetics analysis suggests that effect of pasireotide could be optimised. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01356862
The taming of a transposon: V(D)J recombination and the immune system

Summary: The genes that encode immunoglobulins and T‐cell receptors must be assembled from the multiple variable (V), joining (J), and sometimes diversity (D) gene segments present in the germline loci. This process of V(D)J recombination is the major source of the immense diversity of the immune repertoire of jawed vertebrates. The recombinase that initiates the process, recombination‐activating genes 1 (RAG1) and RAG2, belongs to a large family that includes transposases and retroviral integrases. RAG1/2 cleaves the DNA adjacent to the gene segments to be recombined, and the segments are then joined together by DNA repair factors. A decade of biochemical research on RAG1/2 has revealed many similarities to transposition, culminating with the observation that RAG1/2 can carry out transpositional strand transfer. Here, we discuss the parallels between V(D)J recombination and transposition, focusing specifically on the assembly of the recombination nucleoprotein complex, the mechanism of cleavage, the disassembly of post‐cleavage complexes, and aberrant reactions carried out by the recombinase that do not result in successful locus rearrangement and may be deleterious to the organism. This work highlights the considerable diversity of transposition systems and their relation to V(D)J recombination.
Social question and answer services versus library virtual reference: evaluation and comparison from the users' perspective

Introduction. In recent years, the introduction of social question and answer services and other Internet tools have expanded the ways in which people have their questions answered. There has been speculation and debate over whether such services and other Internet tools are replacing library virtual reference services. Method. Most previous research on the comparison between social question and answer services and virtual reference has been conducted from the perspectives of libraries or library users, and research based on social question and answer services users' viewpoints has not yet been explored. This study surveyed Yahoo! Answers users on their awareness, use, and evaluation of the social question and answer services site and virtual reference. Analysis. The survey data from multiple-choice questions, fill-in, and open-ended questions were analysed using SPSS for a quantitative summary. Results. The findings of this study show that social question and answer services and virtual reference have their own strengths and weaknesses in serving various user needs and in meeting the expectations of an online or virtual service, based on important user-identified considerations. Conclusions. The notion that social question and answer services will take over virtual reference is not supported. As they stand, virtual reference and social question and answer services have great potential for collaboration in meeting user information needs. The practical implications of the findings to virtual reference are also discussed.
Biomimetic cell culture proteins as extracellular matrices for stem cell differentiation.

Cell Differentiation Akon Higuchi,*,†,‡,§ Qing-Dong Ling, Shih-Tien Hsu, and Akihiro Umezawa‡ †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan ‡Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei, 221 Taiwan Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77 Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Tao-Yuan County, 32405 Taiwan
Recognizing and Interpreting Gestures on a Mobile Robot

Gesture recognition is an important skill for robots that work closely with humans. Gestures help to clarify spoken commands and are a compact means of relaying geometric information. We have developed a real-time, three-dimensional gesture recognition system that resides on-board a mobile robot. Using a coarse three-dimensional model of a human to guide stereo measurements of body parts, the system is capable of recognizing six distinct gestures made by an unadorned human in an unaltered environment. An active vision approach focuses the vision system's attention on small, moving areas of space to allow for frame rate processing even when the person and/or the robot are moving. This paper describes the gesture recognition system, including the coarse model and the active vision approach. This paper also describes how the gesture recognition system is integrated with an intelligent control architecture to allow for complex gesture interpretation and complex robot action. Results from experiments with an actual mobile robot are given.