Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of $\gamma$-ray emission from steep radio spectrum NLS1s

Narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) usually do not host relativistic jets and the detection of their $\gamma$-ray emissions is rarely reported. Evidences for strong relativistic beaming effect have been found in all $\gamma$-ray NLS1s to date and hence their jets are believed to be closely aligned. In this work we perform a systematic analysis of 7-year {\it Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of 18 steep radio spectrum NLS1s (S-NLS1s) and report the {\it first} two detections of $\gamma$-ray emissions in this class, increasing the total number of known $\gamma$-ray NLS1s to 9. A strong and stable $\gamma$-ray signal (over 8$\sigma$) is produced by SDSS J144318.56+472556.7, and a significant $\gamma$-ray emission (4.5$\sigma$) of SDSS J130522.74+511640.2 has been detected in a monthly flare in November 2013. A thorough investigation of their multiwavelength properties from radio to X rays has been performed, finding no significant variability. Along with their spectral energy distributions and the radio morphology, these facts strongly suggest that these two sources harbor mis-aligned and possibly underdeveloped relativistic jets, which provides valuable targets to reveal the formation and evolution of relativistic jets under extreme circumstances.
TRACING REJUVENATION EVENTS IN NEARBY S0 GALAXIES

With the aim of characterizing rejuvenation processes in early-type galaxies, we analyzed five barred S0 galaxies showing a prominent outer ring in ultraviolet (UV) imaging. We analyzed Galaxy Evolution Explorer far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV), and optical data using stellar population models and estimated the age and the stellar mass of the entire galaxies and the UV-bright ring structures. Outer rings consist of young (≲200 Myr old) stellar populations, accounting for up to 70% of the FUV flux but containing only a few percent of the total stellar mass. Integrated photometry of the whole galaxies places four of these objects on the green valley, indicating a globally evolving nature. We suggest such galaxy evolution is likely driven by bar-induced instabilities, i.e., inner secular evolution, that conveys gas to the nucleus and the outer rings. At the same time, H i observations of NGC 1533 and NGC 2962 suggest external gas re-fueling can play a role in the rejuvenation processes of such galaxies.
ALMA SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM IMAGING OF THE HOST GALAXIES OF GRB 021004 AND GRB 080607

We report 345 GHz continuum observations of the host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) 021004 and 080607 at z > 2 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Cycle 0. Of the two bursts, GRB 021004 is one of the few GRBs that originate in a Lyman limit host, while GRB 080607 is classified as a 'dark burst' and its host galaxy is a candidate of dusty star-forming galaxy at z {approx} 3. With an order of magnitude improvement in the sensitivities of the new imaging searches, we detect the host galaxy of GRB 080607 with a flux of S{sub 345} = 0.31 {+-} 0.09 mJy and a corresponding infrared luminosity of L{sub IR} = (2.4-4.5) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 11} L{sub Sun }. However, the host galaxy of GRB 021004 remains undetected and the ALMA observations allow us to place a 3{sigma} upper limit of L{sub IR} < 3.1 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 11} L{sub Sun} for the host galaxy. The continuum imaging observations show that the two galaxies are not ultraluminous infrared galaxies, but are at the faintest end of the dusty galaxy population that gives rise to the submillimeter extragalactic background light. The derived star formation rates of the twomore » GRB host galaxies are less than 100 M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1}, which are broadly consistent with optical measurements. The result suggests that the large extinction (A{sub V} {approx} 3) in the afterglow of GRB 080607 is confined along its particularly dusty sight line, and not representative of the global properties of the host galaxy. « less
Statistical properties of the energy in time-dependent homogeneous power law potentials

We study classical 1D Hamilton systems with a homogeneous power law potential and their statistical behavior, assuming a microcanonical distribution of the initial conditions and describing its change under a monotonically increasing time-dependent function a(t) (the prefactor of the potential). Using the nonlinear Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin-like method of Papamikos and Robnik 2012 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44 315102 and following a previous work by Papamikos and Robnik 2011 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45 015206, we specifically analyze the mean energy, the variance and the adiabatic invariant (action) of the systems for large time t → ∞ ? > and we show that the mean energy and variance increase as powers of a(t), while the action oscillates and finally remains constant. By means of a number of detailed case studies, we show that the theoretical prediction is excellent, which demonstrates the usefulness of the method in such applications.
Cross-Topic Distributional Semantic Representations Via Unsupervised Mappings

In traditional Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs) the multiple senses of a polysemous word are conflated into a single vector space representation. In this work, we propose a DSM that learns multiple distributional representations of a word based on different topics. First, a separate DSM is trained for each topic and then each of the topic-based DSMs is aligned to a common vector space. Our unsupervised mapping approach is motivated by the hypothesis that words preserving their relative distances in different topic semantic sub-spaces constitute robust semantic anchors that define the mappings between them. Aligned cross-topic representations achieve state-of-the-art results for the task of contextual word similarity. Furthermore, evaluation on NLP downstream tasks shows that multiple topic-based embeddings outperform single-prototype models.
Nonreciprocal quantum interactions and devices via autonomous feedforward

In a recent work [A. Metelmann and A. A. Clerk, Phys. Rev. X 5, 021025 (2015)], a general reservoir-engineering approach for generating non-reciprocal quantum interactions and devices was described. We show here how in many cases this general recipe can be viewed as an example of autonomous feed-forward: the full dissipative evolution is identical to the unconditional evolution in a setup where an observer performs an ideal quantum measurement of one system, and then uses the results to drive a second system. We also extend the application of this approach to non-reciprocal quantum amplifiers, showing the added functionality possible when using two engineered reservoirs. In particular, we demonstrate how to construct an ideal phase-preserving cavity-based amplifier which is full non-reciprocal, quantum-limited and free of any fundamental gain-bandwidth constraint.
Critical parameters for the disorder-induced metal-insulator transition in FCC and BCC lattices

We use a transfer-matrix method to study the disorder-induced metal-insulator transition. We take isotropic nearest-neighbor hopping and an onsite potential with uniformly distributed disorder. Following the previous work done on the simple-cubic lattice, we perform numerical calculations for the body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic lattices, which are more common in nature. We obtain the localization length from calculated Lyapunov exponents for different system sizes. This data is analyzed using finite-size scaling to find the critical parameters. We create an energy-disorder phase diagram for both lattice types, noting that it is symmetric about the band center for the body-centered cubic lattice but not for the face-centered cubic lattice. We find a critical exponent of approximately 1.5-1.6 for both lattice types for transitions occurring either at fixed energy or at fixed disorder, agreeing with results previously obtained for other systems belonging to the same orthogonal universality class. We notice an increase in critical disorder with the number of nearest neighbors, which agrees with intuition.
Energy and matter

Our work is an approach between matter and energy. Using the famous equation E = mc^2, Einstein and the Law of Universal Gravitation of Newton, we estimate that a small amount matter converted into energy is needed to lift, using the gravitational potential energy equation on the surface, a mountain of solid iron or even Mount Everest.
New local duals in eternal inflation

Global-local duality is the equivalence of seemingly different regulators in eternal inflation. For example, the light-cone time cutoff (a global measure, which regulates time) makes the same predictions as the causal patch (a local measure that cuts off space). We show that global-local duality is far more general. It rests on a redundancy inherent in any global cutoff: at late times, an attractor regime is reached, characterized by the unlimited exponential self-reproduction of a certain fundamental region of spacetime. An equivalent local cutoff can be obtained by restricting to this fundamental region. We derive local duals to several global cutoffs of interest. The New Scale Factor Cutoff is dual to the Short Fat Geodesic, a geodesic of fixed infinitesimal proper width. Vilenkin's CAH Cutoff is equivalent to the Hubbletube, whose width is proportional to the local Hubble volume. The famous youngness problem of the Proper Time Cutoff can be readily understood by considering its local dual, the Incredible Shrinking Geodesic.
A continuous adjoint for photo-acoustic tomography of the brain

We present an optimisation framework for photo-acoustic tomography of the brain based on a system of coupled equations that describe the propagation of sound waves in linear isotropic inhomogeneous and lossy elastic media with absorption and physical dispersion following a frequency power law using fractional Laplacian operators. The adjoint of the associated continuous forward operator is derived, and a numerical framework for computing this adjoint based on a k-space pseudo-spectral method is presented. We analytically show that the derived continuous adjoint matches the adjoint of an associated discretised forward operator. We include this adjoint in a first-order positivity constrained optimisation algorithm that is regularised by total variation minimisation, and show that the iterates monotonically converge to a minimiser of an objective function, even in the presence of some error in estimating the physical parameters of the medium.
An EV-Scale Demonstration of In-Situ Battery Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and BMS-Limited Pack Performance Analysis

State-of-power (SOP) and state-of-charge (SOC) estimation inaccuracy manifests throughout the electric vehicle (EV) battery lifetime due to the nonlinear degradation trajectory that is unique to each use-case. The inaccuracy leads to premature termination of charge and discharge operations, which results in the virtual loss of battery performance. In-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been proposed to provide real-time battery impedance measurements, which can theoretically improve the SOP/SOC estimation accuracy. In this work, an EV-scale in-situ EIS system is demonstrated experimentally, from impedance measurement to equivalent circuit model (ECM) extraction. The pack-level discharge energy versus SOP/SOC estimation errors is also simulated, which quantifies the virtual loss of battery performance. The measured-impedance error tolerance of three common ECM extraction techniques is then examined through a randomized set of simulated EIS tests with injected measurement noise. Finally, in-situ impedance measurement is performed on 20 battery submodules using an electric pickup truck EIS system. The ECM-predicted voltage output is compared against measured driving data. Experimental results indicate approximately 8%–9% improvement in SOP estimation accuracy at 3 $^{\circ }$ C and 10 $^{\circ }$ C between the in-situ extracted models and a representative baseline.
Sheaf lines of Yang–Mills instanton sheaves

We calculate a sheaf line in [Formula: see text] which is the real line supporting sheaf points on [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] Yang–Mills (YM) instanton (or [Formula: see text] complex YM instanton) sheaves for some given ADHM data we obtained previously. We found that this sheaf line is indeed a special jumping line over [Formula: see text] spacetime. In addition, we calculate the singularity structure of the connection [Formula: see text] and the field strength [Formula: see text] at the corresponding singular point on [Formula: see text] of this sheaf line. We found that the order of singularity at the singular point on [Formula: see text] associated with the sheaf line in [Formula: see text] is higher than those of other singular points associated with normal jumping lines. We conjecture that this is a general feature for sheaf lines among jumping lines.
INTRINSICALLY POLARIZED STARS AND IMPLICATION FOR STAR FORMATION IN THE CENTRAL PARSEC OF OUR GALAXY

We have carried out adaptive-optics assisted observations at the Subaru Telescope and have found 11 intrinsically polarized sources in the central parsec of our Galaxy. They are selected from 318 point sources with KS < 15.5, and their interstellar polarizations are corrected using a Stokes Q/I–U/I diagram. Considering brightness, near-infrared color excess, and the amount of intrinsic polarization, two of them are good young stellar object (YSO) candidates with an age of ∼105 yr. If they are genuine YSOs, their existence provides strong constraints on star formation mechanisms in this region. In the remaining sources, two are known as bow-shock sources in the Northern Arm. One other is also located in the Northern Arm and shows very similar properties, and thus it is likely to be a so far unknown bow-shock source. The origin of the intrinsic polarization of the other sources is as yet uncertain.
Evaluation of Error-State Kalman Filter Method for Estimating Human Lower-Limb Kinematics during Various Walking Gaits

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer an attractive way to study human lower-limb kinematics without traditional laboratory constraints. We present an error-state Kalman filter method to estimate 3D joint angles, joint angle ranges of motion, stride length, and step width using data from an array of seven body-worn IMUs. Importantly, this paper contributes a novel joint axis measurement correction that reduces joint angle drift errors without assumptions of strict hinge-like joint behaviors of the hip and knee. We evaluate the method compared to two optical motion capture methods on twenty human subjects performing six different types of walking gait consisting of forward walking (at three speeds), backward walking, and lateral walking (left and right). For all gaits, RMS differences in joint angle estimates generally remain below 5 degrees for all three ankle joint angles and for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of the hips and knees when compared to estimates from reflective markers on the IMUs. Additionally, mean RMS differences in estimated stride length and step width remain below 0.13 m for all gait types, except stride length during slow walking. This study confirms the method’s potential for non-laboratory based gait analysis, motivating further evaluation with IMU-only measurements and pathological gaits.
THE EARLY UV/OPTICAL EMISSION FROM CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE

We derive a simple approximate model describing the early, hours to days, UV/optical (UV/O) supernova emission, which is produced by the expansion of the outer ≲10−2 M☉ part of the shock-heated envelope, and precedes optical emission driven by radioactive decay. Our model includes an approximate description of the time dependence of the opacity (mainly due to recombination), and of the deviation of the emitted spectrum from a blackbody spectrum. We show that the characteristics of the early UV/O emission constrain the radius of the progenitor star, R*, its envelope composition, and the ratio of the ejecta energy to its mass, E/M. For He envelopes, neglecting the effect of recombination may lead to an overestimate of R* by more than an order of magnitude. We also show that the relative extinction at different wavelengths (Aλ − AV) may be inferred from the light curves at these wavelengths, removing the uncertainty in the estimate of R* due to reddening (but not the uncertainty in E/M due to uncertainty in absolute extinction). The early UV/O observations of the types Ib SN 2008D and IIp SNLS−04D2dc are consistent with our model predictions. For SN 2008D, we find R* ≈ 1011 cm, and an indication that the He envelope contains a significant C/O fraction.
Global Density Analysis for an Off-Lattice Cellular Automata Model

Agent-based (AB) or Cellular Automata (CA) models are rule based and are a relatively simple discrete method that can be used to simulate complex interactions of many agents or cells. The relative ease of implementing the computational model is often counterbalanced by the difficulty of performing rigorous analysis to determine emergent behaviors. In addition, without precise definitions of cell interactions, calculating existence of fixed points and their stability is not tractable from an analytical perspective and can become computationally expensive, involving potentially thousands of simulations. Through developing a precise definition of an off-lattice CA or AB model with a specified interaction neighborhood, we develop a general method to determine a Global Recurrence Rule (GRR). This allows estimates of the state densities in time, which can be easily calculated for a range of parameters in the model. The utility of this framework is tested on an Epidemiological Cellular Automata (E-CA) model where agents or cells correspond to people that are in the susceptible, infected, or recovered states. The interaction neighborhoods of cells are determined in a mathematical formulation that allows the GRR to accurately predict the long term behavior and steady states. The modeling framework outlined will be generally applicable to many areas and can be easily extended.
RELATIVE UNITARY RZ-SPACES AND THE ARITHMETIC FUNDAMENTAL LEMMA

Abstract We prove a comparison isomorphism between certain moduli spaces of $p$ -divisible groups and strict ${\mathcal{O}}_{K}$ -modules (RZ-spaces). Both moduli problems are of PEL-type (polarization, endomorphism, level structure) and the difficulty lies in relating polarized $p$ -divisible groups and polarized strict ${\mathcal{O}}_{K}$ -modules. We use the theory of relative displays and frames, as developed by Ahsendorf, Lau and Zink, to translate this into a problem in linear algebra. As an application of these results, we verify new cases of the arithmetic fundamental lemma (AFL) of Wei Zhang: The comparison isomorphism yields an explicit description of certain cycles that play a role in the AFL. This allows, under certain conditions, to reduce the AFL identity in question to an AFL identity in lower dimension.
Excitation energy transfer in light-harvesting systems: effect of the initial state

Light harvesting is a problem that has attracted interest for a long time. It became active again in recent years stimulated by suggestions of quantum effects in energy transport. Recent experiments found evidence that BChla 1 and BChla 6 are the first ones to be excited in the Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) protein; theoretical studies, however, are mostly restricted to considering the exciton in BChla 1 initially. In this paper, we study the energy transport in the FMO complex by taking different initial states into account. The decoherence rates are optimized for maximal transport efficiency. Dependence of the energy transfer efficiency on the initial states is given and discussed. Effects of fluctuations in the site energies and couplings are also examined.
φ-FEM, a finite element method on domains defined by level-sets: the Neumann boundary case

We extend a fictitious domain-type finite element method, called φ-FEM and introduced in [7], to the case of Neumann boundary conditions. The method is based on a multiplication by the level-set function and does not require a boundary fitted mesh. Unlike other recent fictitious domain-type methods (XFEM, CutFEM), our approach does not need any non-standard numerical integration on cut mesh elements or on the actual boundary. We prove the optimal convergence of φ-FEM and the fact that the discrete problem is well conditioned inependently of the mesh cuts. The numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.
Excessive and asymmetrical removal of heterozygous sites by maxSH biases downstream population genetic inference: Implications for hybridization between two primroses

Techniques of reduced‐representation sequencing (RRS) have revolutionized ecological and evolutionary genomics studies. Precise establishment of orthologs is a critical challenge for RRS, especially when a reference genome is absent. The proportion of shared heterozygous sites across samples is an alternative criterion for filtering paralogs. In the prevailing pipeline for variant calling of RRS data – PYRAD/IPYRAD, maxSH is an often overlooked parameter with implications to detecting and filtering paralogs according to shared heterozygosity. Using empirical genotyping by sequencing data of two primroses (Primula alpicola Stapf and Primula florindae Ward) and their putative hybrids, and extra data sets of Californian golden cup oaks, we explore the impact of maxSH on filtering paralogs and further downstream analyses. Our study sheds light on the simultaneous validity and risk of filtering paralogs using maxSH, and its significant effects on downstream analyses of outlier detection, population assignment, and demographic modeling, emphasizing the importance of attention to detail during bioinformatic processes. The mutual confirmation between results of population assignment and demographic modeling in this study suggested maxSH = 0.10 has a potentially excessive and asymmetrical effect on the removal of truly shared heterozygous sites as paralogs. These results indicate that hybridization origin hypotheses of putative hybrids represented by results with maxSH = 0.25 and 0.50 are more credible. In conclusion, we revealed the critical hazard of paralogs filtration according to sharing heterozygosity at first, so that we propose to use specific protocols, rather than maxSH, to filter potential paralogs for closely related lineages.