Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elusive Proximal Signals of β-Cells for Insulin Secretion

The β-cell is unique because its major agonists, i.e., insulin secretagogues, undergo metabolism instead of interacting with a receptor. This perspectives presents the hypothesis that the first part of a metabolic signal of a secretagogue is specific to the secretagogue and the β-cell and can be envisioned as proximal. The second part, which occurs after transduction to more universal signaling mechanisms, is viewed as distal. Distal signaling and exocytosis in the β-cell operate the same as in other cells. Aerobic glycolysis is required for glucose-induced insulin release. Because glyceraldehyde, which enters metabolism at the triose phosphates in the glycolytic pathway, is a potent insulin secretagogue but pyruvate, which is metabolized in the mitochondrion, is not an insulin secretagogue, the proximal signal for glucose-induced insulin release originates with an interaction between the central part of the glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial metabolism. The proximal message in leucine-induced insulin release originates with leucine allosterically activating glutamate dehydrogenase, which activates endogenous glutamate metabolism, and by the metabolism of leucine itself. The methyl ester of succinate is a potent experimental insulin secretogogue. It is puzzling why the glucose signal requires the interplay of glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, whereas the signals from leucine and succinate originate entirely from within the mitochondrion. Leucine-induced insulin release is suppressed and glucose-induced insulin release is activated in islets cultured at a high concentration of glucose. Conversely, leucine-induced insulin release is activated and glucose-induced insulin release is suppressed in islets cultured at low glucose. We have correlated suppression of the insulinotropism of leucine and glucose with decreased expression of the genes that encode the catalytic subunit of the first component of the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, respectively. This indicates that the proximal signal is specific to the secretagogue, whereas distal signals are more universal and are shared by many secretagogues. The proximal signaling mechanisms have yet to be elucidated, but many distal mechanisms are known.
Emergent resonances in a thin film tailored by optically-induced small permittivity asymmetries

Resonances are usually associated with finite systems - the vibrations of clamped strings in a guitar or the optical modes in a cavity defined by mirrors. In optics, resonances may be induced in infinite continuous media via periodic modulations of their optical properties. Here we demonstrate that periodic modulations of the permittivity of a featureless thin film can also act as a symmetry breaking mechanism, allowing the excitation of photonic $\textit{quasi}$-bound states in the continuum ($\textit{q}$BICs). By interfering two ultrashort laser pulses in the unbounded film, transient resonances can be tailored through different parameters of the pump beams. We show that the system offers resonances tunable in wavelength and quality-factor, and spectrally selective enhancement of third harmonic generation. Due to a fast decay of the permittivity asymmetry, we observe ultrafast dynamics, enabling time-selective near-field enhancement with picosecond precision. Optically-induced permittivity asymmetries may be exploited in on-demand weak to ultrastrong light-matter interaction regimes and light manipulation at dynamically chosen wavelengths in lithography-free metasurfaces.
Wind Turbine Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Based on Improved EEMD and Hilbert Square Demodulation

The rapid expansion of wind farms has accelerated research into improving the reliability of wind turbines to reduce operational and maintenance costs. A critical component in wind turbine drive-trains is the gearbox, which is prone to different types of failures due to long-term operation under tough environments, variable speeds and alternating loads. To detect gearbox fault early, a method is proposed for an effective fault diagnosis by using improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Hilbert square demodulation (HSD). The method was verified numerically by implementing the scheme on the vibration signals measured from bearing and gear test rigs. In the implementation process, the following steps were identified as being important: (1) in order to increase the accuracy of EEMD, a criterion of selecting the proper resampling frequency for raw vibration signals was developed; (2) to select the fault related intrinsic mode function (IMF) that had the biggest kurtosis index value, the resampled signal was decomposed into a series of IMFs; (3) the selected IMF was demodulated by means of HSD, and fault feature information could finally be obtained. The experimental results demonstrate the merit of the proposed method in gearbox fault diagnosis.
A unified sequential equivalence checking approach to verify high-level functionality and protocol specification implementations in RTL designs

Formal techniques provide exhaustive design verification, but computational margins have an important negative impact on its efficiency. Sequential equivalence checking is an effective approach, but traditionally it has been only applied between circuit descriptions with one-to-one correspondence for states. Applying it between RTL descriptions and high-level reference models requires removing signals, variables and states exclusive of the RTL description so as to comply with the state correspondence restriction. In this paper, we extend a previous formal methodology for RTL verification with high-level models, to check also the signals and protocol implemented in the RTL design. This protocol implementation is compared formally to a description captured from the specification. Thus, we can prove thoroughly the sequential behavior of a design under verification.
Behavioral Neuroscience

cortex and the anterior insula was greater in highly provocative than less provocative trials. Activity in these brain areas has been associated with emotional processing and this might refl ect heightened emotional involvement of the participants under high provocation. Furthermore, an increase in activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been reported during retaliation in a similar paradigm (Lotze et al., 2007). Enhanced activity in the dorsal mPFC might represent a stronger need for confl ict management and response selection in the provoking situations. Increased activity in the ventral mPFC might indicate affective processes, such as compassion with the opponent. Hence, these fi ndings show changes in the processing of information during an aggressive encounter in a laboratory setting. From a therapeutic point of view, it may be even more interesting to investigate why aggressive behavior is often hard to stop and why it is easily transferred from one setting to another. Thus, the aim of the current study is to discover possible alterations in psychophysiological indicators of information processing after an aggressive encounter. So far, this has only been addressed by a few behavioral studies , which have mainly focused on the infl uence of trait anger on reaction times for responding to threat-related stimuli. These studies have revealed that trait anger (Eckhardt and Cohen, 1997; Cohen et al., 1998; van Honk et al., 2001a,b), previous self-reported aggressive experience (Smith and Waterman, 2004), and criminal convictions for violent offending (Smith and Waterman, 2003) predict an information processing bias for threat-or aggression-related material in various cognitive tasks. Thus, individuals with a high level of trait anger, who have experienced many incidences of aggression or violence seem to spend more attention on threat-or aggression-related information than less angry, aggressive, or
Effective utilization of unallocated intervals in TDD-based fronthaul employing TDM-PON

A time-division-multiplexing passive optical network (TDM-PON) accommodating a time-division duplex (TDD)-based mobile fronthaul (MFH) contributes to the realization of a low-cost network. However, there are two issues with the TDM-PON. The first is the limited number of optical network units (ONUs) that can be accommodated because the statistical multiplexing effect is weaker than with the accommodation of a conventional MFH. The other issue is the discovery process for registering new ONUs. While operating the discovery process, the signals of the registered ONUs cannot be forwarded in the optical link, and a huge latency is added to the registered ONUs. We have proposed a technique for the effective utilization of unallocated intervals, which certainly occur in optical links. Secondary service signals are forwarded in the unallocated intervals to increase the number of ONUs. The discovery process also operates in the unallocated intervals to avoid any latency increase. In this paper, we report evaluation results obtained using the numerical simulations.
Average Case Complexity of Linear Multivariate Problems Part I: Theory

We study the average case complexity of linear multivariate problems, that is, the approximation of continuous linear operators on functions of d variables. The function spaces are equipped with Gaussian measures. We consider two classes of information. The rst class std consists of function values, and the second class all consists of all continuous linear functionals. Tractability of a linear multivariate problem means that the average case complexity of computing an "-approximation is O ((1=") p) with p independent of d. The smallest such p is called the exponent of the problem. Under mild assumptions, we prove that tractability in all is equivalent to tractability in std , and that the diierence of the exponents is at most 2. The proof of this result is not constructive. We provide a simple condition to check tractability in all. We also address the issue how to construct optimal (or nearly optimal) sample points for linear multivariate problems. We use relations between average case and worst case settings. These relations reduce the study of the average case to the worst case for a diierent class of functions. In this way we show how optimal sample points from the worst case setting can be used in the average case. In Part II we will apply the theoretical results to obtain optimal or almost optimal sample points, optimal algorithms and average case complexity functions for linear multivariate problems equipped with the folded Wiener sheet measure. Of particular interest will be the multivariate function approximation problem.
Organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yield from NO 3 oxidation of β-pinene evaluated using a gas-phase kinetics / aerosol partitioning model

The yields of organic nitrates and of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particle formation were measured for the reaction NO3+β-pinene under dry and humid conditions in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR at Research Center J ülich. These experiments were conducted at low concentrations of NO 3 (NO3+N2O5<10 ppb) andβpinene (peak ∼15 ppb), with no seed aerosol. SOA formation was observed to be prompt and substantial ( ∼50% mass yield under both dry conditions and at 60% RH), and highly correlated with organic nitrate formation. The observed gas/aerosol partitioning of organic nitrates can be simulated using an absorptive partitioning model to derive an estimated vapor pressure of the condensing nitrate species of pvap∼5×10 Torr (6.67×10−4 Pa), which constrains speculation about the oxidation mechanism and chemical identity of the organic nitrate. Once formed the SOA in this system continues to evolve, resulting in measurable aerosol volume decrease with time. The observations of high aerosol yield from NOx-dependent oxidation of monoterpenes provide an example of a significant anthropogenicsource of SOA from biogenichydrocarbon precursors. Estimates of the NO 3+βpinene SOA source strength for California and the globe indicate that NO3 reactions with monoterpenes are likely an important source (0.5–8% of the global total) of organic aerosol on regional and global scales. Correspondence to: R. C. Cohen (rccohen@berkeley.edu)
A Lightweight Secure Object Tracking Protocol for Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) raises to the ever-rising system of physical objects that feature an IPv6 address for internet connectivity and the message that takes place between these objects and other internet-enabled devices and systems. It is provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transmit data over a net. Among several issues, the tracking and tracing of the path travelled by objects is an important problem. Though, there exist many techniques to track the moving objects, many of them are unsafe. Hence, there is a need for secure tracking of the objects. A secure object tracking protocol should ensure the visibility and traceability of an object along the travel path to support the Internet of Things (IoT). The existing protocol is based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system for global unique identification of IoT objects. The existing does not provide authentication of objects, leads to injection of fake objects. The energy consumption is high. The proposed protocol enhances secure object tracking using lightweight cryptographic primitives and modelled the protocol using Security Protocol Description Language (SPDL). The proposed protocol is intended to provide authentication, integrity, confidentiality and encryption. For ensuring secure object tracking, the proposed protocol uses the lightweight cryptographic primitives which uses the concept of Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) which is used to verify the authenticity of an object. The protocol is also based on Cooperative Message Authentication Code (CMAC) which is used to reduce energy consumption with less overhead. Through network simulation, the performance of the protocol is evaluated and found to be more secure and require less computation when compared with existing protocols.
Deciphering the Catalytic Machinery in 30S Ribosome Assembly GTPase YqeH

Background YqeH, a circularly permuted GTPase (cpGTPase), which is conserved across bacteria and eukaryotes including humans is important for the maturation of small (30S) ribosomal subunit in Bacillus subtilis. Recently, we have shown that it binds 30S in a GTP/GDP dependent fashion. However, the catalytic machinery employed to hydrolyze GTP is not recognized for any of the cpGTPases, including YqeH. This is because they possess a hydrophobic substitution in place of a catalytic glutamine (present in Ras-like GTPases). Such GTPases were categorized as HAS-GTPases and were proposed to follow a catalytic mechanism, different from the Ras-like proteins. Methodology/Principal Findings MnmE, another HAS-GTPase, but not circularly permuted, utilizes a potassium ion and water mediated interactions to drive GTP hydrolysis. Though the G-domain of MnmE and YqeH share only ∼25% sequence identity, the conservation of characteristic sequence motifs between them prompted us to probe GTP hydrolysis machinery in YqeH, by employing homology modeling in conjunction with biochemical experiments. Here, we show that YqeH too, uses a potassium ion to drive GTP hydrolysis and stabilize the transition state. However, unlike MnmE, it does not dimerize in the transition state, suggesting alternative ways to stabilize switches I and II. Furthermore, we identify a potential catalytic residue in Asp-57, whose recognition, in the absence of structural information, was non-trivial due to the circular permutation in YqeH. Interestingly, when compared with MnmE, helix α2 that presents Asp-57 is relocated towards the N-terminus in YqeH. An analysis of the YqeH homology model, suggests that despite such relocation, Asp-57 may facilitate water mediated catalysis, similarly as the catalytic Glu-282 of MnmE. Indeed, an abolished catalysis by D57I mutant supports this inference. Conclusions/Significance An uncommon means to achieve GTP hydrolysis utilizing a K+ ion has so far been demonstrated only for MnmE. Here, we show that YqeH also utilizes a similar mechanism. While the catalytic machinery is similar in both, mechanistic differences may arise based on the way they are deployed. It appears that K+ driven mechanism emerges as an alternative theme to stabilize the transition state and hydrolyze GTP in a subset of GTPases, such as the HAS-GTPases.
Computer integration using the McKinsey's 7S model as an underlying framework: a case study in the foundry

Computers are being used to generate and process data for improving the company's profitability and productivity. Computer applications depend heavily on how effectively computers are integrated within the firms. Industries can integrate computers in a more efficient way by using McKinsey's 7S framework as a guideline. A case study of computer integration using McKinsey's 7S model in the foundry is presented and explorative use of simulation software in the foundry is also analysed.
Relationship Between Reactive Strength Variables in Horizontal and Vertical Drop Jumps

Abstract Ball, NB, and Zanetti, S. Relationship between reactive strength variables in horizontal and vertical drop jumps. J Strength Cond Res 26(5): 1407–1412, 2012—The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between reactive strength in a vertical and a horizontal drop jump (DJ). Subjects (n = 28) with previous jump training experience, performed 6 vertical DJs and 6 horizontal DJs from a 0.4-m box. Contact time, height jumped, distance jumped, and reactive strength index (RSI) were calculated and analyzed. Typical error measurements (TEMCV%) and intraclass correlations (ICCs) were used to assess the intrasubject reliability. Relationships between jumps and within jumps of the aforementioned variables were assessed using ICCs. The ICC (r > 0.789) and the TEMCV% (<10%) indicated good reliability for both vertical and horizontal DJs across each variable. Contact time showed no relationship between jumps (r = 0.222) and had no effect on the vertical DJ height (r = 0.152) or horizontal DJ distance (r = 0.261). The RSI correlation (r = 0.533) indicated a large relationship between reactive ability in the horizontal DJ and the vertical DJ. Contact times were significantly lower in vertical DJs compared with horizontal DJs (p < 0.0001). This study indicated that horizontal DJs are reliable and may be better used to train reactive movements that do not require brief contact times.
Cross Talk Between Cells and the Current Bioceramics in Bone Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review

The conventional approach for addressing bone defects and stubborn non-unions typically involves the use of autogenous bone grafts. Nevertheless, obtaining these grafts can be challenging, and the procedure can lead to significant morbidity. Three primary treatment strategies for managing bone defects and non-unions prove resistant to conventional treatments: synthetic bone graft substitutes (BGS), a combination of BGS with bioactive molecules, and the use of BGS in conjunction with stem cells. In the realm of synthetic BGS, a multitude of biomaterials have emerged for creating scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (TE). These materials encompass biometals like titanium, iron, magnesium, and zinc, as well as bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Bone TE scaffolds serve as temporary implants, fostering tissue ingrowth and the regeneration of new bone. They are meticulously designed to enhance bone healing by optimizing geometric, mechanical, and biological properties. These scaffolds undergo continual remodeling facilitated by bone cells like osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Through various signaling pathways, stem cells and bone cells work together to regulate bone regeneration when a portion of bone is damaged or deformed. By targeting signaling pathways, bone TE can improve bone defects through effective therapies. This review provided insights into the interplay between cells and the current state of bioceramics in the context of bone regeneration.
Model Checking of CHAM Descriptions of Software Architectures

In this paper we show how to de ne and prove di erent properties of a software architecture description based on the CHAM. We consider both structural properties, that is properties of the system which are connected with its structure either static and dynamic, and functional properties, that is properties on how the system manipulates its data. We will use a logic approach to describe the properties and a model checking approach to verify them. As case study we take the software architecture of a sender-receiver system.
Implementing a Speech Recognition System Interface for Indian Languages

Human computer interaction through Natural Language Conversational Interfaces plays a very important role in improving the usage of computers for the common man. It is the need of time to bring human computer interaction as close to human-human interaction as possible. There are two main challenges that are to be faced in implementing such an interface that enables interaction in a way similar to human-human interaction. These are Speech to Text conversion i.e. Speech Recognition & Text To Speech (TTS) conversion. In this paper the implementation of one issue Speech Recognition for Indian Languages is presented.
Customized foot pressure redistribution insole design using image-based rapid pressure measuring system

Traditionally, technician fabricates the medical foot pressure redistribution insole used in rehabilitation for diabetic patients manually. The first step is to use silicon or clay material to identify the shape and size (rubbing) of subject's foot. After that, a clay mould is then produced by the rubbing of foot feature. According to the clinical diagnosis and foot pressure redistribution therapeutic protocol, the clay mould is modified subjectively by technician. The resin of medical insole is then produced with fixed shape and size. The drawbacks of above mentioned process are that profile of insole is irreversible and it is lack of quantitative measure for producing insole. In the paper, a customized adaptive multi-airbag foot pressure redistribution insole design and manufacturing methodologies using image-based rapid pressure measuring system is proposed. The in-house made rapid foot pressure measurement system is constructed with a body weight spring scale and an image-based foot/ground contact pattern identification scanning mechanism. The basic principle of measuring system is that, when the body weight was supported by foot, the blood will be blocked into the blood capillary of sole and it will generate the different color foot/ground contact pattern owing to the difference of local contact pressure. By using scanning mechanism, the contact pattern is registered and foot pressure distribution profile can be easily calculated by using a mathematical transformation model. A two-layered insole with multiple channel air-inflated bags in the bottom layer for adjusting foot contact pressure is proposed. In this configuration, the correct contact foot pressure profile can be achieved by pumping air into each air-inflated bag when subject is standing on the insole. An adaptive multi-air-bag insole using proposed method was designed and constructed. The proposed method not only can be used for the design and manufacturing for medical therapeutic insole but also for athletic and personal insole.