Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Proﬁling on Bioactive Stilbenoids in the Seeds of Paeonia Species Growing Wild in Greece

: The seeds of Paeonia clusii Stern subsp. clusii and Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. subsp. mascula growing wild in Greece, though not previously investigated, has been studied as a source of bioactive stilbenoids and other phenolics. Their methanol extracts were analyzed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography—high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), and among the iden-tiﬁed metabolites (62), 19 paeoniﬂorin’s derivatives, 17 ﬂavonoids and 12 stilbenes were detected. Moreover, through classic phytochemical separation procedures, twelve among them were isolated and fully spectrally determined as trans -resveratrol, trans -resveratrol-4 (cid:48) - O - β - D -glucopyranoside, cis -resveratrol-4 (cid:48) - O - β - D -glucopyranoside, trans -gnetin-H, trans - ε -viniferin, luteolin, luteolin-3 (cid:48) - O - β - D -glucopyranoside, luteolin-3 (cid:48) ,4 (cid:48) -di- O - β - D -glucopyranoside, apigenin, hispidulin, paeoniﬂorin and benzoyl-paeoniﬂorin. All seed extracts were measured for their total phenolic content (TPC), appearing as a rich source (116.04 and 103.63 mg GAE/g extract, respectively), followed by free radical (DPPH) scavenging capacity (75.24% and 91.54% inhibition at the concentration of 200 µ g/mL). The evaluation of tyrosinase inhibition for both extracts (61% and 70%, respectively) conﬁrmed the potential for their future application in skin health care, comparable with other paeonies of Chinese origin, which are well-known as skin whitening and anti-aging promoters.
The effects of acidic mine drainage from historical mines in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado—What is being done and what can be done to improve water quality?

Historical production of metals in the western United States has left a legacy of acidic drainage and toxic metals in many mountain watersheds that are a potential threat to human and ecosystem health. Studies of the effects of historical mining on surface water chemistry and riparian habitat in the Animas River watershed have shown that cost-effective remediation of mine sites must be carefully planned. Of the more than 5400 mine, mill, and prospect sites in the watershed, 80 sites account for more than 90% of the metal loads to the surface drainages. Much of the low pH water and some of the metal loads are the result of weathering of hydrothermally altered rock that has not been disturbed by historical mining. Some stream reaches in areas underlain by hydrothermally altered rock contained no aquatic life prior to mining. Scientific studies of the processes and metal-release pathways are necessary to develop effective remediation strategies, particularly in watersheds where there is little land available to build mine-waste repositories. Characterization of mine waste, development of runoff profiles, and evaluation of ground-water pathways all require rigorous study and are expensive upfront costs that land managers find difficult to justify. Tracer studies of water quality provide a detailed spatial analysis of processes Church, S.E. , Owen, J.R. , von Guerard, P., Verplanck, P.L. , Kimball, B.A., and Yager, D.B. , 2007, The effects of acidic mine drainage from historical mines in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado—What is being done and what can be done to improve water quality? , in DeGraff, J.V. , ed., Understanding and Responding to Hazardous Substances at Mine Sites in the Western United States: Geological Society of America Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. XVII, p. 47–83, doi: 10.1130/2007.4017(04). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. ©2007 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.
Hypertext Navigation and Conflicting Goal Intentions: Using Log Files to Study Distraction and Volitional Protection in Learning and Problem Solving Conflicting Goal Intentions in Hypertext Navigation Cognitive, Motivational, and Volitional Ap- Proaches to Action Control

This paper describes a theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of difficulty related distraction by conflicting goal intentions in learning and problem solving with hyper-text. Log files are used to capture hypertext navigation in the face of opportunities to implement competing goal intentions. We study how differences in task difficulty influence the voli-tional protection of the current goal intention. First attempts to integrate volitional processes of action control into cogni-tive architectures are presented. The investigation of learning and problem solving with hypertext gains increasing importance as the use of computer based learning environments and information retrieval systems develops. The term "hypertext" refers to "com-puter-based texts that are read in a non-linear fashion and that are organized in multiple dimensions" (Landow, 1992, p. 166). A main feature of hypertext is that the user is not reacting to static texts, but is rather choosing according to his or her current intention when and in which order the information is to be presented (Barab, Bowdish, Young & Owen, 1996). Thus, the navigational path through a given hypertext environment depends mainly on the current intentions of the user. Accordingly, Barab et al. (1996) have shown that users' intentions in interacting with hypertext can be predicted from navigational paths captured in log files (computerized records of screens visited that are stamped with the amount of time spent on each screen). The opportunity of navigating through hypertext environments allows for great flexibility and adaptivity of learning and problem solving with hypertext, it is however also responsible for some difficulties. Users tend to be structurally or conceptually disoriented in complex hyperspaces and they seem to suffer from cognitive overload, if the navigational task consumes too much of their resources (Conklin, 1987). In this paper we will focus on a further problem concerning navigating through hypertext environments, namely the problem of being distracted by conflicting goal intentions. We assume that learning and problem solving are to be analyzed as goal-directed behavior and furthermore that most learners possess numerous waiting goal intentions not related to the current problem. These waiting intentions can be activated by situational cues in the hypertext environment and then compete with the current goal intention for execution. If the user is attracted by these cues, the current goal intention may be suspended in favor of activities related to the competing intention, or in favor of deliberating which of the two intentions should be further pursued. These …
Effect of practical techniques in producing remaining oil in Gudong Oilfield

In recent years,the Gudong Oilfield has made a great progress in the description and production of remaining oil.By drilling new wells in old districts,carbon-oxygen log,fine reservoir description,etc.,the remaining-oil distributed zones were predicted,and by drilling horizontal wells in old districts,surfactant-polymer-combination flooding pilot etc.,the remaining oil was produced.By Dec.2007,it had drilled 43 horizontal wells,and the cumulative oil increment amounted to 42×104 t.According to the statistics of the drilled effective thickness of new wells,the evaluation of the obtainable productivity,the comparison between the actual drilled effective thickness and the estimated,and the production comparison between new wells and the old wells,the method of drilling new wells in old districts improved the resources utilization degree,oil productivity and recovery.The first-ever S-P composite flooding pilot was carried out in Sep.2003 in the Gudong Oilfield.By Dec.2007,the cumulative oil increment was 13.1×104 t.The evaluation results of the Weng-model and the graduation-decline method indicated that the S-P pilot increased the oil recovery factor by 7.6%. Predicting recoverable reserves after deducting ineffective liquid production,evaluating production index after eliminating production time difference,dividing the oilfield development phase using the production rate of recoverable reserves and other evaluation methods are helpful to the understanding of the oilfield development rule.
β-catenin-dependent High Bone Mass Induced by Loss of APC in Osteoblasts Does Not Require Lrp5 or Lrp6

The requirement for LRP5 and LRP6 to prevent β-catenin degradation in the absence of the tumor suppressor APC is unclear because cell culture models have yielded conflicting results. We previously established that osteoblast-specific loss of APC causes β-catenin accumulation and increased bone mass, while loss of both LRP5 and LRP6 reduces bone mass. We report here that the simultaneous loss of APC, LRP5, and LRP6 in osteoblasts in mice phenocopies the APC osteoblast-specific knockout. Thus, β-catenin stabilization and increased bone mass after loss of APC in osteoblasts in vivo are not dependent on LRP5 and LRP6.
Aberystwyth University Strangler unmasked

The mushroom-forming genus Squamanita comprises 10 described species, all parasitic on basidiomes of other members of the order Agaricales, including members of the genera Cystoderma , Galerina , Inocybe and Hebeloma . Here we report an anatomical investigation of the stipitate “ mycocecidium ’ ( ¼ fungus gall) formed on the basidiome of Cystoderma amianthinum ( “ powdercap ” ) by S. paradoxa ( “ powdercap strangler ” ), alongside the development of taxon-speci ﬁ c-PCR primer to localise the presence of S. paradoxa / C. amianthinum mycelia within mycocecidia, in associated plant tissues and apparently healthy host basidiomes. Dissection of fungarium samples also con ﬁ rmed these ﬁ ndings, whilst ITS barcode sequencing of all available samples held at the RBG Kew and Edinburgh fungaria did not reveal any variation in ITS sequences within UK populations of S. paradoxa or the closely related S. pearsonii . The absence of any 13 C or 15 N isotopic differences between C. amianthinum and S. paradoxa suggests that S. paradoxa is nutritionally dependent on its host. The status of C. amianthinum as host of S. pearsonii is also con ﬁ rmed. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Wave Crest Distributions: Observations and Second-Order Theory

Many empirical and heuristic distribution functions for wave crest heights have been proposed, but their predictions differ considerably. Part of the lack of agreement is due to the difficulty of making measurements that accurately record the true height of the wave crests. Surface following buoys effectively cancel out the second-order nonlinearity by making a Lagrangian measurement. Pressure transducers filter the nonlinear components of the signal in complicated ways. Wave staffs have varying degrees of sensitivity to spray. The location of the instruments also plays an important role. There is clear evidence from measurements in the North Sea that spurious crests due to spray are a problem downwind even from mounting supports that appear transparent. Much of the theoretical nonlinearity can be captured by calculations correct to second order. Explicit calculation of the interactions of each pair of components in a directional spectrum is straightforward although computationally intensive. This technique has the advantage that the effects of wave steepness, water depth, and directional spreading are included with no approximation other than the truncation of the expansion at second order. Comparisons with measurements that are believed to be of the best quality show good agreement with these second-order calculations. Simulations for a set of JONSWAP spectra then lead to parametric crest distributions, which can be used easily in applications.
MIT Open Access Articles Robust grasping under object pose uncertainty

This paper presents a decision-theoretic approach to problems that require accurate placement of a robot relative to an object of known shape, such as grasping for assembly or tool use. The decision process is applied to a robot hand with tactile sensors, to localize the object on a table and ultimately achieve a target placement by selecting among a parameterized set of grasping and information-gatheringtra-jectories. The process is demonstrated in simulation and on a real robot. This work has been previously presented in [19, 20,17].
Ecological Indicators

Assessing status of natural resources and ecosystem components is pivotal for management, where indicators or indices often are used as proxies of ecological state. Many indicators, however, lack reference points and are associated with sampling errors and environmental noise, limiting their usefulness in management. Here we present a method for assessing state changes in ecological indicator from time-series: Analyses of Structural Changes in Ecological Time Series (ASCETS) . ASCETS enables both quantitative boundary levels for changes in indicator states (e.g. for management targets), and the con ﬁ dence for a change in state during an assessment period. Thereby it can be used in risk assessments and is suitable for aggregation or integration of di ﬀ erent indicator states across sites, or for an ecosystem based approach to management. With extended information about ecological state during a reference period, ASCETS can support reference levels for de ﬁ ning ecological status of an indicator. ASCETS ﬁ rst identi ﬁ es structural changes in time-series to determine reference periods with coherent indicator dynamics. Next, from the observed indicator values during the reference period, a distribution of resampled median values is used to set boundary levels as a tolerable range of indicator variation re ﬂ ecting the same state as during the reference period. Finally, a con ﬁ dence of a change in indicator state is evaluated during an assessment period as the proportion of resampled median values of the assessment period overlapping the boundary levels of the reference period. Simulations indicate ASCETS correctly detects changes in indicator state when changes in indicator values are at least twice as large as the coe ﬃ cient of variation, with a false rate of changes around 5%. We apply ASCETS to indicators for bird and ﬁ sh communities used within the Marine Strategy Framework Directive to illustrate how indicator boundary levels can be set where reference levels may be ecologically and analytically troublesome. An R-script is provided for further use and modi ﬁ cation. We propose ASCETS as a ﬂ exible and generic method for assessing changes in ecological states from time-series to support identi ﬁ cation of management targets.
Whole Heart Simulation of Severe Aortic Stenosis Using a Lumped Parameter Model of Heart Valve Dynamics

Lumped parameter models of the human circulatory sys-tem are able to reproduce major features and phases of human circulation. However, they often lack physiological detail regarding pressure and flow across the valves. To alleviate these shortcomings, we implement a model of heart valve dynamics based on Bernoulli's principle to account for the transvalvular pressure drop and extend it by smooth opening and closing of the valves. We evaluate the new model based on a simulation with healthy valves and explore the possibility of simulating heart valve diseases by considering a case of severe aortic stenosis. The model more faithfully reproduces pressure, volume, and flow in all four chambers and in particular across the valves. Most of the changes are related to the consideration of blood inertia. However, only by opening and closing the valves more slowly, it is possible to reproduce features connected to backflow. When reducing the maximum area ratio of the aortic valve to 10%, a pressure gradient of 77.2 mmHg during systole and a 20% reduction in stroke volume was observed in accordance with the AHA guidelines of severe aortic stenosis. To conclude, we were able to improve our existing OD circulation model in terms of physiological accuracy by replacing the diode-like valves with an easy to implement model of heart valve dynamics that is capable of simulating both healthy and pathological scenarios.
Experimental Investigation of Tsunami Impact on Free Standing Structures

As tsunami waves propagate towards the shoreline, they break where the water depth is approximately equal to the incident wave height. Following breaking, waves run up the shore in form of a hydraulic bore. Video footage of the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami shows that, upon reaching the shoreline, tsunami waves broke and transformed into a hydraulic bore that propagated onshore with considerably high velocity. However, mechanisms of hydraulic bore impact on structures are not yet well understood. Analogies between a tsunami-induced hydraulic bore and a dam-break induced wave have been previously demonstrated and published by various researchers. In order to advance the existing understanding of the complex interaction between hydraulic forces and the impacted structures, an experimental approach was taken where a dam-break induced flow, generated by the fast opening of a gate, impacted various free standing structures of different shapes located downstream of the gate. The pressures exerted on the upstream and lateral sides of a cylindrical structure, together with the bore height and the flow velocities in the flume were measured. In addition, the time history of the total force exerted on the cylindrical structure was also recorded. For the square structure, local forces on the upstream side were recorded. The effects of upstream obstacles and flow constrictions on flow velocities and on local forces exerted on a square structure were also investigated. In addition, to further understand the impact of debris during tsunami-induced flooding, wooden logs were added to the bore in order to act as water-borne missiles, while the structure's reaction was measured.
Stepwise tailward retreat of magnetic reconnection: THEMIS observations of an auroral substorm

Auroral stepwise poleward expansions were clarified by investigating a multiple‐onset substorm that occurred on 27 February 2009. Five successive auroral brightenings were identified in all‐sky images, occurring at approximately 10 min intervals. The first brightening was a faint precursor. The second brightening had a wide longitude; thus, it represented the Akasofu substorm onset. Other brightenings expanded poleward; thus, they were interpreted to be auroral breakups. These breakups occurred stepwise; that is, later breakups were initiated at higher latitudes. Corresponding reconnection signatures were studied using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellite observations between 8 and 24 RE down the magnetotail. The Akasofu substorm onset was not accompanied by a clear reconnection signature in the tail. In contrast, the three subsequent auroral breakups occurred simultaneously (within a few minutes) with three successive fast flows at 24 RE; thus, these were interpreted to be associated with impulsive reconnection episodes. These three fast flows consisted of a tailward flow and two subsequent earthward flows. The flow reversal at the second breakup indicated that a tailward retreat of the near‐Earth reconnection site occurred during the substorm expansion phase. In addition, the earthward flow at the third breakup was consistent with the classic tailward retreat near the end of the expansion phase; therefore, the tailward retreat is likely to have occurred in a stepwise manner. We interpreted the stepwise characteristics of the tailward retreat and poleward expansion to be potentially associated by a stepwise magnetic flux pileup.
Simulation of near-nadir bistatic high resolution InSAR data in Ka-band for the SWOT mission

Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) is a future satellite mission which is being prepared jointly by NASA/JPL and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), in cooperation with scientific communities in oceanography and hydrology. The principal instrument is KaRIn which is a Ka-band bistatic interferometric SAR system operating on two near nadir swaths on opposite sides of the satellite track. This article presents a raw data SAR image simulator and preliminary L1 and L2 processors which have been developed in the framework of the CNES phase A studies. The paper highlights the most interesting features of the simulation and the data processing compared to conventional space-borne SAR systems.
EZH2-mediated repression of GSK-3β and TP53 promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent cell expansion in cervical carcinoma

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a catalytic core component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), stimulates the silencing of target genes through histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Recent findings have indicated EZH2 is involved in the development and progression of various human cancers. However, the exact mechanism of EZH2 in the promotion of cervical cancer is largely unknown. Here, we show that EZH2 expression gradually increases during the progression of cervical cancer. We identified a significant positive correlation between EZH2 expression and cell proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo by the up-regulation or down-regulation of EZH2 using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing technology and shRNA in HeLa and SiHa cells. Further investigation indicated that EZH2 protein significantly accelerated the cell cycle transition from the G0/G1 to S phase. TOP/FOP-Flash reporter assay revealed that EZH2 significantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the target genes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway were up-regulated, including β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-myc. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed that EZH2 inhibited the expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and TP53 through physically interacting with motifs in the promoters of the GSK-3β and TP53 genes. Additionally, blockage of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in significant enhancement of cell proliferation, as induced by EZH2. Taken together, our data demonstrate that EZH2 promotes cell proliferation and tumor formation in cervical cancer through activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by epigenetic silencing via GSK-3β and TP53.
Analysis of Guangxi Marine Disaster Risk

The marine disasters occurred in Guangxi coastal areas between 1949to 2010were summarized and their risks were analyzed.The results show that the storm surge is the most serious marine disaster in affecting the Guangxi coastal areas,and its loss is also the largest,which directly endangers the national property,coastal people's life safety,and sustainable development of society and economy.The second serious marine disaster includes red tide and seawater intrusion.Two main influence factors that produced these disasters are climate change and disturbance of human activity.Sea level rise under the impact of climate change intensifies storm surge disaster,coastal erosion,seawater intrusion,shoreline change and land salinization.Human large scale reclamation activity causes tidal flat and wetland disappearing,biodiversity decreasing,red tide aggravating and ecological environment resources being destructed,and aggravates the disaster damage level.We should take dimensional protection system combined engineering and ecology to improve the ability of coast to resist natural disasters,in order to minimize the disaster losses and risk.