Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First steps in Mechanical Translation

Although the first ideas for mechanical translation were made in the seventeenth century, it was not until this century that means became available for realization with the appearance of the electronic computer in the mid 1940s. Fifty years ago, in March 1947 Warren Weaver wrote to Norbert Wiener and met Andrew Booth, mentioning to both the use of computers for translation. The possibilities were investigated during the next seven years, until in January 1954 the first prototype program was demonstrated. This article is a brief chronicle of these early years of mechanizing translation processes.
Developing an Organizational Culture Supportive of Business Process Management

In recent years, a holistic understanding of business process man- agement (BPM) has evolved in Information Systems (IS) research. This under- standing considers organizational factors such as strategic alignment, govern- ance, people, and culture as important aspects of BPM beyond Information Technology (IT) and methods. Particularly, organizational culture has been in- creasingly recognized as a critical success factor for the efficiency and effec- tiveness of business processes. While existing research already examined which cultural values determine a supportive environment for realizing BPM objec- tives and how these values can be measured, it has not been explored to date how such a supportive organizational culture can be developed. Based on a re- view of the literature, we therefore investigate the case of a global IT software provider to gain a first understanding of strategies organizations can implement to develop a supportive cultural setting for their BPM approach. We show how these findings extend recent studies in BPM research.
βTrCP-Mediated Proteolysis of NF-κB1 p105 Requires Phosphorylation of p105 Serines 927 and 932

ABSTRACT NF-κB1 p105 functions both as a precursor of NF-κB1 p50 and as a cytoplasmic inhibitor of NF-κB. Following the stimulation of cells with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the IκB kinase (IKK) complex rapidly phosphorylates NF-κB1 p105 on serine 927 in the PEST region. This phosphorylation is essential for TNF-α to trigger p105 degradation, which releases the associated Rel/NF-κB subunits to translocate into the nucleus and regulate target gene transcription. Serine 927 resides in a conserved motif (Asp-Ser927-Gly-Val-Glu-Thr-Ser932) homologous to the IKK target sequence in IκBα. In this study, TNF-α-induced p105 proteolysis was revealed to additionally require the phosphorylation of serine 932. Experiments with IKK1−/− and IKK2−/− double knockout embryonic fibroblasts demonstrate that the IKK complex is essential for TNF-α to stimulate phosphorylation on p105 serines 927 and 932. Furthermore, purified IKK1 and IKK2 can each phosphorylate a glutathione S-transferase-p105758-967 fusion protein on both regulatory serines in vitro. IKK-mediated p105 phosphorylation generates a binding site for βTrCP, the receptor subunit of an SCF-type ubiquitin E3 ligase, and depletion of βTrCP by RNA interference blocks TNF-α-induced p105 ubiquitination and proteolysis. Phosphopeptide competition experiments indicate that βTrCP binds p105 more effectively when both serines 927 and 932 are phosphorylated. Interestingly, however, βTrCP affinity for the IKK-phosphorylated sequence on p105 is substantially lower than that on IκBα. Thus, it appears that reduced p105 recruitment of βTrCP and subsequent ubiquitination may contribute to delayed p105 proteolysis after TNF-α stimulation relative to that for IκBα.
Bayesian Networks for Discrete Observation Distributions in Speech Recognition

Traditionally, in speech recognition, the hidden Markov model state emission probability distributions are usually associated to continuous random variables, by using Gaussian mixtures. Thus, complex multimodal inter-feature dependencies are not accurately modeled by Gaussian models, since they are unimodal distributions and mixtures of Gaussians are needed in these complex cases, but this is done in a loose and inefficient way. Graphical models provide a precise and simple mechanism to model the dependencies among two or more variables. This paper proposes the use of discrete random variables as observations and graphical models to extract the internal dependence structure in the feature vectors. Therefore, speech features are quantized to a small number of levels, in order to obtain a tractable model. These quantized speech features provide a mechanism to increase the robustness against noise uncertainty. In addition, discrete random variables allow the learning of joint statistics of the observation densities. A method to estimate a graphical model with a constrained number of dependencies is shown in this paper, being a special kind of Bayesian network. Experimental results show that by using this modeling, better performance can be obtained compared to standard baseline systems.
Study of Dissociated Dipoles for Content Based Image Retrieval Using Stamp Recognition Systems

This paper proposes the use of soft dipole vectors for the purpose of Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). This paper illustrates the algorithm to evaluate soft dipole vector for a given image and as an example, depict its application in 'Stamp Recognition using CBIR'. Its advantages are its inherent rotation invariance and its uniqueness for every image, making it very robust. More importantly, under the section of "Rank-Proximity" we discuss about the unique behavior of soft dipoles which enables us to categorize images based on the soft dipole histogram values linking it to the physical attributes of that image. This direct link between the visual features and the mathematical model developed provide for a deeper and more intuitive understanding of soft dipole histogram in CBIR.
Protecting sensitive data on a PC by a custom algorithm

To store secrets and sensitive data in secure ways is necessary in the modern life. Since most hardware technologies used to store sensitive data are expensive for a single user, it is very common to store this kind of data by the means of software or software implemented encryption procedures. If for example the secret to protect is the secret key in a Public Key Infrastructure environment it would be important to determine the best way of storing it on a hard drive. It is also important to determine how secure the existing storing applications or available encryption algorithms are. A brief overview of the most common methods and solutions for storing secrets, such as encryption algorithms are given, and a proposal of a new stream cipher, its implementation and analysis are presented in this thesis. The stream cipher makes use of well known and understood techniques, such as linear feedback shift registers, irregular clocking, and truth tables, as elements and building blocks to achieve very high security and easy understanding of the fundamental structure of the cipher. The cipher is implemented in C#, and both the implementation and design of the cipher is made to achieve high efficiency when running in software, especially on a standard 32 bit processor (CPU). Cryptanalysis and thorough statistical testing are applied to the cipher to evaluate its cryptographic strength and security. Both the cryptanalysis and the statistical testing conducted on the cipher indicate that the cipher is secure and has good statistical properties. Efficiency testing shows that the cipher design is very fast in software.
Painometer v2®: una aplicación móvil certificada para monitorizar a los pacientes con dolor

espanolEl uso de dispositivos moviles inteligentes y aplicaciones para la evaluacion y tratamiento de los pacientes con dolor cronico se esta extendiendo. Las importantes ventajas de estas alternativas tecnologicas contribuyen a este proceso, entre ellas facilitar el acceso a los tratamientos, incluso desde lugares remotos y con dificil acceso a los recursos sanitarios, ayudar a mejorar los procedimientos clinicos asi como a reducir los costes. En este trabajo presentamos Painometer v2(r), una aplicacion movil validada cientificamente y gratuita, que sirve para medir y registrar la intensidad del dolor a lo largo del tiempo; la unica aplicacion sobre dolor disponible en espanol con un sello de calidad. Se describen las caracteristicas de esta aplicacion, las alternativas de uso que brinda y los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha tanto en las pruebas de usabilidad y accesibilidad como respecto de sus propiedades psicometricas. Finalmente, se valora el estado de desarrollo de la aplicacion y se plantean algunas lineas de investigacion futuras. EnglishThe use of smart mobile devices and apps for the evaluation and treatment of patients with chronic pain is spreading. The important advantages of these technological gadgets contribute to this process, including: facilitating access to treatments, even from remote places and with difficult access to health resources, helping to improve clinical procedures as well as reducing costs. In this work, we introduce Painometer v2(r), a free and scientifically validated mobile application that is used to measure and record the intensity of pain over time; the only pain-related application available in Spanish with a quality seal. This paper describes the characteristics of the application, the ways in which it can be used, the results obtained to date in usability and accessibility tests, and its psychometric properties. Finally, the development status of the application is appraised and some future lines of research are suggested.
Passive radars as low environmental impact solutions for smart cities traffic monitoring

Passive radar systems are proposed as ground traffic control and monitoring tools in modern urban areas. These radars use communication networks transmitters available in the area of interest, instead of dedicated ones. The absence of a transmitter reduces dramatically the cost of development, deployment and maintenance, making feasible passive radar sensor networks for covering modern cities complex scenarios. They do not generate electromagnetic compatibility problems, and, more important, they are not associated with health issues. The illuminator selection is one of the most important tasks. The transmitted waveform, the transmitted power, the availability or the coverage areas are critical elements that are out of the control of the radar designer. The IDEPAR demonstrator is used in an urban environment to prove the traffic monitoring capabilities of passive radars exploiting Direct Video Broascasting -Terrestrial transmitters.
Long-Term Evolution of Magnetic Turbulence in Relativistic Collisionless Shocks: Electron-Positron Plasmas

We study the long term evolution of magnetic fields generated by an initially unmagnetized collisionless relativistic e+e− shock. Our two-dimensional particle-in-cell numerical simulations show that downstream of such a Weibel-mediated shock, particle distributions are approximately isotropic, relativistic Maxwellians, and the magnetic turbulence is highly intermittent spatially. The nonpropagating magnetic fields decay in amplitude and do not merge. The fields start with magnetic energy density ~ 0.1-0.2 of equipartition, but rapid downstream decay drives the fields to much smaller values, below ~10−3 of equipartition after ~103 skin depths. To construct a theory to follow field decay to these smaller values, we hypothesize that the observed damping is a variant of Landau damping. The model is based on the small value of the downstream magnetic energy density, which only weakly perturbs particle orbits, for homogeneous turbulence. Using linear kinetic theory, we find a simple analytic form for the damping rates for small-amplitude, subluminous electromagnetic fields. Our theory predicts that overall magnetic energy decays as (ωpt)−q with q ∼ 1, which compares with simulations. However, our theory predicts overly rapid damping of short-wavelength modes. Magnetic trapping of particles within the highly spatially intermittent downstream magnetic structures may be the origin of this discrepancy and may allow for some of this initial magnetic energy to persist. Absent additional physical processes that create longer wavelength, more persistent fields, we conclude that initially unmagnetized relativistic shocks in electron-positron plasmas are unable to form persistent downstream magnetic fields. These results put interesting constraints on synchrotron models for the prompt and afterglow emission from GRBs. We also comment on the relevance of these results for relativistic electron-ion shocks.
Monochromatic Pupillometry in Unilateral Glaucoma Discloses no Adaptive Changes Subserved by the ipRGCs

Purpose: To detect signs of a possible adaptive mechanism of the intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells in unilateral glaucoma. Method: Eleven patients with unilateral glaucoma, classified by automated perimetry (glaucoma: mean deviation <0), were studied by monochromatic pupillometry, employing red (660 nm) or blue (470 nm) light, and by optical coherence tomography of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer. The main outcome measure in pupillometry, the area under the curve (AUC), i.e., the product of pupillary contraction amplitude and time, was determined during and after light exposure in glaucomatous and unafflicted fellow eyes and compared to the AUCs of a healthy, age-matched control group. Results: The AUC to stimulation with blue light was significantly reduced in glaucomatous eyes, both during and after stimulus, compared with that of fellow, unafflicted eyes (p ≤ 0.014). The AUC to red light stimulation was reduced during (p = 0.035), but not after (p ≥ 0.072), exposure in glaucomatous eyes. In the unafflicted fellow eyes, the pupillary response to blue light did not differ from that of healthy controls. Conclusion: The pupillary response to blue light was decreased in the glaucomatous eyes of unilateral glaucoma. No difference was detected between the pupillary light response of the unafflicted fellow eyes and that of a healthy, age-matched control group. Thus no sign of an adaptive mechanism was detected, neither in the glaucomatous nor in the unafflicted fellow eyes, and consequently glaucoma appears to differ from non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
Strong coupling effective Higgs potential and a first order thermal phase transition from AdS/CFT duality

We use anti–de Sitter/conformal field theory duality to study the thermodynamics of a strongly coupled [script N]=2 supersymmetric large Nc SU(Nc) gauge theory with Nf=2 fundamental hypermultiplets. At finite temperature T and isospin chemical potential µ, a potential on the Higgs branch is generated, corresponding to a potential on the moduli space of instantons in the anti–de Sitter description. For µ=0, there is a known first order phase transition around a critical temperature Tc. We find that the Higgs vacuum expectation value is a suitable order parameter for this transition; for T>Tc, the theory is driven to a nontrivial point on the Higgs branch. For µ[not-equal]0 and T=0, the Higgs potential is unbounded from below, leading to an instability of the field theory due to Bose-Einstein condensation.
Pricing construction work: a marketing viewpoint

Recent work on pricing has shown that neoclassical microeconomic theory (NCMT) is preferred to tendering theory and that implied by absorption, or full‐cost, pricing of construction work because of its explicit treatment of market conditions, competitor behaviour and firm capacity levels. Applying NCMT in practice, however, requires the consideration of pricing from a marketing perspective. This paper examines the challenges involved in terms of the two prevalent marketing paradigms—marketing mix and relationship marketing—to pricing construction work generally, and the traditional contracting (TC), design and construction (D&C) and speculative building (SB) procurement systems in particular. In general, the marketing mix (MM) approach, having the closest fit with NCMT, is most aligned to current practice. However, conceptual and practical limitations are identified. Relationship marketing (RM) is theoretically more applicable, yet has been largely overlooked in practice due to the transaction costs and investment involved. Nevertheless, some RM tools are increasingly being adopted in response to demand criteria and clients' needs for continuous improvement, offering a challenge to NCMT‐related pricing. In terms of specific procurement arrangements, SB would seem most suited to the MM approach over the long term as it is closest to consumer good markets. D&C on the other hand is considered to be the most price sensitive to demand factors, with SB the least because of its ability to control resources, specifically land and financial packages, while TC is most suited to developing RM practices.
Photo Browsing with Collage Trees sketches 0174

Technological advances in digital photography have made it possible to acquire and store more pictures than ever before. Unfortunately this has led to massively sized photo collections that becomes difficult to browse. We propose a novel interface to facilitate browsing these large collections. Our approach hierarchically groups the photos, summarizes the groups as a tree of collages, and allows the user to navigate the collection by traversing the tree. Our system automatically groups the photos and dynamically constructs the collage summaries generating a Collage Tree (Figure 1). At any time, the system presents a collage that summarizes some part of the collection, by clicking on a member of the collage the user selects a smaller subset of the photos that is again summarized as a collage or single photo if it is a leaf of the tree. The ideas in this paper draw on those of photo browsing, and collage generation. Research in photo browsing looks at different ways of allowing a user to efficiently go through collections of photographs; programs such as Picasa and ACDSee are examples of photo browsing software. When browsing, users are presented with every photo, which is undesirable when dealing with large collection. Recently researchers have been looking at using collages in order summarize a large collection of images [2]. In this way the user can get an overall impression of the photo collection by viewing a single image. However, by removing photos, this approach may detract from the overall browsing experience. By using a tree of collages, we are able to combine the benefits of both traditional photo browsing and collage summarization. Our system generates a tree structure containing collages and photos from a large collection of digital photographs. Each collage is a node in the tree summarizing the information, or photographs, beneath it. Each photo in the collage is an edge leading to a new node, or new collage summarizing the sub-tree that the photo represents. The original photos are the leaf nodes of the tree. By traversing some path of the tree, each photo can be accessed.
An adaptive framework for scalable multi-view video coding for the H.264/AVC standard

Multi-view 3D video is currently attracting growing attention in several applications such as the 3DTV, free-view point video and entertainment industry where it can be used to provide multi-perspective viewing and 3D scene experiences. In multi-view 3D video, several 3D video sequences should be captured simultaneously from the same scene but through different viewing angles. One of the major challenges in this field is how to transmit the large amount of data of a multi-view 3D video sequence over error prone channels to heterogeneous devices with different bandwidth, resolution, and processing power, while maintaining a high visual quality. Scalable Multi-view 3D Video Coding (SMVC) is one of the methods to address this challenge. But there are many difficulties in SMVC that makes it impractical in most 3D video applications. In this work, we propose an adaptive framework to use SMVC in various 3D video applications effectively. The current prototype shows enhanced capability in handling the existing 3D video applications.
Occupational Performance Problems in 85-Year-Old Women and Men in Sweden

An area of concern for occupational therapy is to increase preventive interventions among relatively healthy elderly individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore occupational performance problems among 85-year-old women and men in relation to demographic data, mental health, and health-related quality of life. Participants completed a postal questionnaire including the EuroQoL health-related quality of life measurement. Instruments used during a home visit were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Geriatric Depression scale. The sample comprised 380 individuals. Women experienced poorer health and more occupational performance problems in community management, household management, and quiet leisure than men. Impaired cognitive function, lower self-rated health, and higher risk of depression correlated with a larger number of occupational performance problems. Intervention planning should be based on individual perceptions of meaningful occupations and environmental considerations.
Reliable multicast via satellite: a comparison survey and taxonomy

IP multicasting is an important service, which will be provided by the next generation Internet. A range of applications has emerged which take the advantage of multicast delivery. However, several factors currently hinder large-scale deployment of terrestrial multicast services. It is particularly difficult to support delivery to large groups of users. Satellites offer a natural way to extend the multicast service to reach this large number of users. They may offer high capacity (especially when using next generation satellite systems) and also eliminate the need for a large number of intermediate routing hops. There are important differences in the way multicast applications operate over satellite. This paper therefore reviews the key design paradigm and offers a critical comparison between different reliable multicast protocol techniques based on a taxonomy. The suitability of a set of the most common reliable multicast protocols is assessed within a satellite environment and conclusions are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AFIS: Aligning detail-pages for full schema induction

Web data extraction is an essential task for web data integration. Most researches focus on data extraction from list-pages by detecting data-rich section and record boundary segmentation. However, in detail-pages which contain all-inclusive product information in each page, so the number of data attributes need to be aligned is much larger. In this paper, we formulate data extraction problem as alignment of leaf nodes from DOM Trees. We propose AFIS, Annotation-Free Induction of Full Schema for detail pages in this paper. AFIS applies Divide-and-Conquer and Longest Increasing Sequence (LIS) algorithms to mine landmarks from input. The experiments show that AFIS outperforms RoadRunner, FivaTech and TEX (F1 0.990) in terms of selected data. For full schema evaluation (all data), AFIS also represents the highest average performance (F1 0.937) compared with TEX and RoadRunner.