Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SOCIO LEGAL STUDY OF PRISON SYSTEM AND ITS REFORMS IN INDIA

The prison system is expected to make life unpleasant for people who, by their crimes, have made others lives unpleasant. Finally, society wants to reduce crime rates. The prison system is expected to reduce crime rates not only by reforming criminals but also by deterring the general public from behavior which is punishable by imprisonment. The prison system in our country is now been improved much. In general effects of imprisonment are the nature of the progressive weakling of mental powers and of a deterioration of the character in a way which render the prisoners' life fit for useful social life and in consequence more liable to reconviction. Our enormous investment of time, energy and money for reformative or rehabilitative prison model has been demonstratively successful in preventing and controlling recidivism among prisoners. But in previous time the prison condition was not so good. Now, in Indian prison the caring of the prisoners are better and even improved as we compare with the ancient time. For the reformation in India, many steps are being taken so that it could be possible in India as per in the other countries. For this, the education system and its all facilities have been combined with the prison system so that the prisoners may get the education so that they can live their life when they come out from the prison and live their life respectfully. Through education the prisoners can learn the socialism and learn how to behave with the people living in society. This approach expressed a definite attitude towards human beings that they are modifiable for the better if given the proper opportunity. But many Criminologist, psychologist and sociologist believe that the ways in which inmates adopt to prison life have simplifications not only for the institution and society but also for the future of the prisoners. Thus, through education the reformation in India may be possible and also by the proper management and caring of the prison and prisoners in Indian prison system.
LONG-TERM CONTRACTING IN A DEREGULATED ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY: SIMULATION RESULTS FROM A HYDRO MANAGEMENT MODEL

The deregulation of electricity industry has introduced long-term contracting as a tool for hedging risk and strategy. A vital consideration for market participants is the relationship between behaviour in the spot market, and decisions taken in the contract market. We have developed a reservoir management model which integrates a Cournot spot market model into a Dual Dynamic Programming framework. Simulations using this model show that the market outcomes depend strongly upon the level of contracting undertaken by both competitors. We develop hypotheses for the dynamics involved, and present results from the simulation model reinforcing these.
Anomaly detection using data clustering and neural networks

Anomaly detection provides an early warning of unusual behavior in units in a fleet operating in a dynamic environment by learning system characteristics from normal operational data and flagging any unanticipated or unseen patterns. For a complex system such as an aircraft engine, normal operation might consist of multiple modes in a high dimensional space. Therefore, anomaly detection approaches based on single cluster data structure will not work. This paper investigates data clustering and neural network based approaches for anomaly detection, specifically addressing the situation which normal operation might exhibit multiple hidden modes. Results show detection accuracy can be improved by data clustering or learning the data structure using neural networks.
Instructions for use Title New Fingerprint Minutiae Extraction Using Ridge FluxAnalysis

This paper presents a new fingerprint minutiae extraction approach that is based on the analysis of the ridge flux distribution. The considerable processing time taken by the conventional approaches, most of which use the ridge thinning process with a rather large calculation time, is a problem that has recently attracted increased attention. We observe that the features of a ridge curve are very similar to those of a vector flux such as a line of electric force or a line of magnetic force. In the proposed approach, vector flux analysis is applied to detect minutiae without using the ridge thinning process in order to reduce the computation time. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve a reduction in calculation time, while achieving the same success detection rate as that of the conventional approaches.
Violência sexual doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes: um estudo sobre o município de Foz do Iguaçu-Pr

Este estudo de Dissertacao de Mestrado teve por objetivo analisar a violencia sexual domestica contra criancas e adolescentes: um estudo sobre o municipio de Foz do Iguacu-Pr, cidade da Triplice Fronteira do Brasil-Argentina-Paraguai. O procedimento iniciou-se com a abordagem sobre o fenomeno da violencia, nas suas formas de violencia estrutural e de violencia domestica. Posteriormente, fez-se referencia ao Sistema de Protecao Integral, destacando-se o Sistema de Garantia de Direito, representado pela Rede de Atendimento no enfrentamento da violencia sexual, como tambem os Planos de Enfrentamento a Violencia Sexual contra Criancas e Adolescentes Nacional, Estadual e Municipal. A pesquisa realizou-se no SINAN e junto aos orgaos (Conselhos Tutelares I e II, CREAS, NUCRIA, MP, Casa Abrigo e IML), identificados como de protecao integral em Foz do Iguacu. Procurou-se, assim, compreender o fluxo de enfrentamento a violencia sexual contra criancas e adolescentes, bem como o cumprimento das acoes do Plano Municipal de Enfrentamento a Violencia Sexual contra Criancas e Adolescentes no municipio. A metodologia utilizada privilegiou a abordagem qualiquantitativa, enriquecida com informacoes obtidas por meio de questionario e de levantamento de dados online e in loco, junto aos setores no ano de 2014. A analise dos dados foi realizada a partir da leitura qualitativa a luz do referencial teorico, fundamental para evidenciar algumas categorias como: os dados online do tipo da violencia sexual; as consequencias da violencia; os dados do autor da agressao; os encaminhamentos para os setores que compoem a estrutura organizativa e funcional do sistema de garantia de direitos de criancas e adolescentes; a pesquisa in loco, junto aos Conselhos Tutelares I e II, ao CREAS, ao NUCRIA, ao Ministerio Publico, a Casa Abrigo e ao IML, para mapear o numero de casos recebidos, acompanhados e encaminhados por eles para outros setores; e, ainda, as acoes realizadas pelos setores em relacao ao cumprimento dos eixos estruturantes do Plano Municipal de Enfrentamento a Violencia Sexual contra Criancas e Adolescentes. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, conclui-se que o fluxo de atendimento e o Plano Municipal nao se preconizam no municipio de Foz do Iguacu no enfrentamento da violencia sexual domestica contra criancas e adolescentes. Ainda no que concerne a articulacao entre o Plano Municipal de Enfrentamento a Violencia Sexual contra Criancas e Adolescentes e o fluxo de atendimento a violencia sexual, verificou-se que as criancas e adolescentes permanecem sendo violentadas nao somente dentro do ambiente familiar, mas tambem pelos orgaos que deveriam assegurar a protecao integral.
Task time lines as a debugging tool

Debugging distributed programs is more difficult than debugging sequential ones. This paper describes a means of making this easier by presenting the user with a "time line" view of an Ada program. Each time line shows the successive states of an Ada task as easily recognisable symbols on a time axis. Communication and sychronisation between tasks is shown graphically by lines connecting the time lines. The paper shows how this representation can be used to depict typical Ada tasking activity, and describes a tool that provides a useful interface to the representation.
DAEDALUS for Agents with Obstructed Perception

Traditional approaches to designing multi-agent systems are offline (in simulation), and assume the presence of a global observer. In the online (real world), there may be no global observer, performance feedback may be delayed or perturbed by noise, agents may only interact with their local neighbors, and only a subset of agents may experience any form of performance feedback. Under these circumstances, it is much more difficult to design multi-agent systems. DAEDALUS is designed to address these issues, by mimicking more closely the actual dynamics of populations of agents moving and interacting in a task environment. This paper addresses the feasibility of DAEDALUS for agents moving towards a goal through an obstacle field, where the obstacles can obstruct perception
On-line support vector machines and optimization strategies

In this work we derive a new on-line parametric model for time series forecasting based on Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) theory. Using the strong connection between support vector machines (SVM) and Regularization theory (RT), we propose a regularization operator in order to obtain a suitable expansion of radial basis functions (RBFs) with the corresponding expressions for updating neural parameters. This operator seeks for the "flattest" function in a feature space, minimizing the risk functional. Finally we mention some modifications and extensions that can be applied to control neural resources and select relevant input space in order to avoid high computational eort (batch learning).
Melanoma genetics

Approximately 10% of melanoma cases report a relative affected with melanoma, and a positive family history is associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma. Although the majority of genetic alterations associated with melanoma development are somatic, the underlying presence of heritable melanoma risk genes is an important component of disease occurrence. Susceptibility for some families is due to mutation in one of the known high penetrance melanoma predisposition genes: CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, POT1, ACD, TERF2IP and TERT. However, despite such mutations being implicated in a combined total of approximately 50% of familial melanoma cases, the underlying genetic basis is unexplained for the remainder of high-density melanoma families. Aside from the possibility of extremely rare mutations in a few additional high penetrance genes yet to be discovered, this suggests a likely polygenic component to susceptibility, and a unique level of personal melanoma risk influenced by multiple low-risk alleles and genetic modifiers. In addition to conferring a risk of cutaneous melanoma, some ‘melanoma’ predisposition genes have been linked to other cancers, with cancer clustering observed in melanoma families at rates greater than expected by chance. The most extensively documented association is between CDKN2A germ line mutations and pancreatic cancer, and a cancer syndrome including cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma and mesothelioma has been proposed for BAP1 germ line mutations. Other medium to high penetrance melanoma predisposition genes have been associated with renal cell carcinoma (MITF, BAP1) and glioma (POT1). These associations between melanoma and other cancers hint at the possibility of common pathways for oncogenesis, and better knowledge of these pathways may improve understanding of the genetic basis underpinning familial melanoma. It is likely that ‘melanoma’ risk genes will impact on mutation screening and genetic counselling not only for melanoma but also a range of other cancers.
LESSONS WE HAVE LEARNED FROM POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS

The Statistical Consulting Centre at The University of Melbourne has been providing a postgraduate consulting service for many years. Each year, the service is used by about 200 students who come from a wide range of disciplines. Consultants can assist these highly motivated students with any part of the research cycle, from refining a research question and developing a suitable design to presenting and communicating findings. The rich and varied consulting interactions with these students provide us with an opportunity to observe applied researchers using statistical knowledge to find out about things that matter to them. We report on a survey of consulting sessions and identify important aspects of statistical thinking that commonly arise across the research cycle. These observations help us develop approaches to graduate education that are applied and contextually relevant.
STAT 3 transcription factor is constitutively activated and is oncogenic in nasal-type NK / T-cell lymphoma

Nasal-type natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma is an infrequent aggressive malignant disease with very poor prognosis. We aimed to explore the possible role of the transcription factor STAT3 in the pathophysiology of this malignancy, as it was involved in oncogenesis and chemoresistance. For this, we established and characterized a continuous interleukin 2-dependent NK cell line (MEC04) from a patient with a fatal nasal-type NK cell lymphoma. Cells harbored poor cytotoxic activity against K562 cells, and spontaneously secreted interferon, IL-10 and vascular-endothelium growth factor . STAT3 was phosphorylated in Y705 γ in vitro dimerization residue in MEC04 cells and restricted to the nucleus. Y705 STAT3 phosphorylation involved JAK2, since exposure of cells to AG490 inhibitor inhibited Y705 STAT3 phosphorylation. By using recombinant transducible TAT-STAT3 ( isoform), β β TAT-STAT3Y705F (a STAT3 protein mutated on Y705 residue which prevents STAT3 dimerization), and peptides inhibiting specifically STAT3 dimerization, we inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and cell growth, with cell death induction. Finally, STAT3 was phosphorylated in Y705 residue in the nuclei of lymphoma cells in 8/9 patients with nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma and in YT, another NK cell line. Our results suggest that STAT3 protein has a major role in the oncogenic process of nasal-type NK cell lymphomas, and may represent a promising therapeutical target. MESH
TCP Veno: TCP enhancement for transmission over wireless access networks

Wireless access networks in the form of wireless local area networks, home networks, and cellular networks are becoming an integral part of the Internet. Unlike wired networks, random packet loss due to bit errors is not negligible in wireless networks, and this causes significant performance degradation of transmission control protocol (TCP). We propose and study a novel end-to-end congestion control mechanism called TCP Veno that is simple and effective for dealing with random packet loss. A key ingredient of Veno is that it monitors the network congestion level and uses that information to decide whether packet losses are likely to be due to congestion or random bit errors. Specifically: (1) it refines the multiplicative decrease algorithm of TCP Reno-the most widely deployed TCP version in practice-by adjusting the slow-start threshold according to the perceived network congestion level rather than a fixed drop factor and (2) it refines the linear increase algorithm so that the connection can stay longer in an operating region in which the network bandwidth is fully utilized. Based on extensive network testbed experiments and live Internet measurements, we show that Veno can achieve significant throughput improvements without adversely affecting other concurrent TCP connections, including other concurrent Reno connections. In typical wireless access networks with 1% random packet loss rate, throughput improvement of up to 80% can be demonstrated. A salient feature of Veno is that it modifies only the sender-side protocol of Reno without changing the receiver-side protocol stack.
An Applicatim. Interface With Multi The Context Switcher

One difficulty in the design of user interfaces is the limited amount of screen area available. A conflict arises between the need for displaying numerous interface elements at one time and the danger of confusing the user with too much information. The context switcher is designed to solve this conflict for applications consisting of several related subtasks which will be carried out repeatedly in varying sequence. The context switcher allows the creation of a variety of working environments, called workspaces, which the user can to switch. Each workspace provides an environment tofu@1 a different subtask based on shared data and contributing to the overall task. The context switcher concept guarantees consistency of both data and metadata across all workspaces whilst allowing them to be updated at will.
INSIGHTS INTO PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR DENTAL EROSION

Dental erosion is defined as the loss of tooth substance by acid exposure not involving bacteria. The etiology of erosion is related to different behavioral, biological and chemical factors. Based on an overview of the current literature, this paper presents a summary of the preventive strategies relevant for patients suffering from dental erosion. Behavioral factors, such as special drinking habits, unhealthy lifestyle factors or occupational acid exposure, might modify the extent of dental erosion. Thus, preventive strategies have to include measures to reduce the frequency and duration of acid exposure as well as adequate oral hygiene measures, as it is known that eroded surfaces are more susceptible to abrasion. Biological factors, such as saliva or acquired pellicle, act protectively against erosive demineralization. Therefore, the production of saliva should be enhanced, especially in patients with hyposalivation or xerostomia. With regard to chemical factors, the modification of acidic solutions with ions, especially calcium, was shown to reduce the demineralization, but the efficacy depends on the other chemical factors, such as the type of acid. To enhance the remineralization of eroded surfaces and to prevent further progression of dental wear, high-concentrated fluoride applications are recommended. Currently, little information is available about the efficacy of other preventive strategies, such as calcium and laser application, as well as the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Further studies considering these factors are required. In conclusion, preventive strategies for patients suffering from erosion are mainly obtained from in vitro and in situ studies and include dietary counseling, stimulation of salivary flow, optimization of fluoride regimens, modification of erosive beverages and adequate oral hygiene measures.
BECAM tool - a semi-automatic tool for bootstrapping emotion corpus annotation and management

Corpus annotation is an important aspect in speech applications where stochastic models need to be trained and evaluated. Multimodal corpora are also annotated. Moreover, corpus annotation is an essential phase in the construction of emotion recognizer engines. Large corpora, as they are essential to construct representative knowledge bases, have been a problem for corpus annotators. Time consumed for labeling such corpora is very significant. Furthermore, manageability becomes more arduous and tedious. In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic tool, called BECAM tool, that will help corpus annotators in managing and annotating large sample emotion corpora.
Detection of Ranking Fraud for Mobile App

The electronic devices such as a mobile have become popular day by day, which is the major target of malicious applications. The detection and removal of malicious apps from android is the major issue in now days. Ranking fraud in the versatile App business alludes to false or tricky exercises which have a motivation behind knocking up the Apps in the popularity or leader board list. To be sure, it turns out to be more continuous for App designers to utilize doubtful or unethical means, for expanding their Apps' business. The primary aim of this project is to enhance the prevention of ranking frauds in mobile apps. In the existing system the leading event and leading session of an app is identified from the collected historical records. Then three different types of evidences are collected from the user feedbacks namely ranking based evidence, rating based evidence and review based evidence. These three evidences are aggregated by using evidence aggregation method. The result of aggregation is the mobile app which decides the app is fraud able or not. At last, we assess the proposed framework with certifiable App information gathered from the IOS App Store for quite a while period. In proposed system extend this paper ranking fraud detection approach with other mobile App related service such as mobile Apps recommendation for user that is to preventing false apps to be recommended to user and to study more effective fraud evidences and analyze the latent relationship among rating, review and rankings.
Enseñanza-Aprendizaje basado en investigación. Experiencia piloto en un diplomado de motricidad infantil (Teaching-Learning based on research. Pilot experience in a course on child motor skills)

El Artículo describe la implementación de una experiencia piloto desarrollada con profesores de Educación Física que cursan un diplomado en Aprendizaje y Motricidad Infantil en la Universidad Santo Tomás, Sede Valdivia en Chile. La experiencia se desarrolló con la metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Investigación (ABI) la cual se implementó en el primer módulo del diplomado “El valor del juego en la Enseñanza-Aprendizaje”. Los resultados demostraron que los estudiantes obtuvieron niveles de desempeño sobresalientes de acuerdo a las calificaciones obtenidas, lo que da cuenta de una adecuada aplicación de la metodología ABI en este tipo de programas de formación continua, implicando con ello el desarrollo del ámbito investigativo en su quehacer profesional.Abstract: This article describes the implementation of a pilot experience developed with Physical Education teachers who attend a course in Child Learning and Motricity at the Universidad of Santo Tomás in Valdivia, Chile. The experience was developed using the methodology of Research-Based Learning (ABI), which was implemented in the first module of the diploma "The value of games in Teaching-Learning". Results showed that students had outstanding performance levels, in accordance with the grades obtained. This suggests an adequate application of the ABI methodology in this type of continuous training programs, thus implying the development of the field of research in their profession.
Distribution and Transmission of Medicinal Plant Knowledge in the Andean Highlands: A Case Study from Peru and Bolivia

This paper presents a study of patterns in the distribution and transmission of medicinal plant knowledge in rural Andean communities in Peru and Bolivia. Interviews and freelisting exercises were conducted with 18 households at each study site. The amount of medicinal plant knowledge of households was compared in relation to their socioeconomic characteristics. Cluster analysis was applied to identify households that possessed similar knowledge. The different modes of knowledge transmission were also assessed. Our study shows that while the amount of plant knowledge is determined by individual motivation and experience, the type of knowledge is influenced by the community of residence, age, migratory activity, and market integration. Plant knowledge was equally transmitted vertically and horizontally, which indicates that it is first acquired within the family but then undergoes transformations as a result of subsequent contacts with other knowledge sources, including age peers.