Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining probes of large-scale structure with COSMOLIKE

Developing accurate analysis techniques to combine various probes of cosmology is essential to tighten constraints on cosmological parameters and to check for inconsistencies in our model of the Universe. In this paper we develop a joint analysis framework for six different second-order statistics calculated from three tracers of the dark matter density field, namely galaxy position, shear, and magnification. We extend a data compression scheme developed in the context of shear-shear statistics (the so-called COSEBIs) to the other five second-order statistics, thereby significantly reducing the number of data points in the joint data vector. We use CosmoLike, a newly developed software framework for joint likelihood analyses, to forecast parameter constraints for the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The simulated MCMCs cover a five dimensional cosmological parameter space comparing the information content of the individual probes to several combined probes (CP) data vectors. Given the significant correlations of these second-order statistics we model all cross terms in the covariance matrix; furthermore we go beyond the Gaussian covariance approximation and use the halo model to include higher order correlations of the density field. We find that adding magnification information (including cross probes with shear and clustering) noticeably increases the information content and that the correct modeling of the covariance (i.e., accounting for non-Gaussianity and cross terms) is essential for accurate likelihood contours from the CP data vector. We also identify several nulltests based on the degeneracy of magnification and shear statistics which can be used to quantify the contamination of data sets by astrophysical systematics and/or calibration issues.
DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION AS A TRACER OF GAS MASS IN GALAXIES

We use a sample of 36 galaxies from the KINGFISH (Herschel IR), HERACLES (IRAM CO), and THINGS (Very Large Array H i) surveys to study empirical relations between Herschel infrared (IR) luminosities and the total mass of the interstellar gas (H2 + H i). Such a comparison provides a simple empirical relationship without introducing the uncertainty of dust model fitting. We find tight correlations, and provide fits to these relations, between Herschel luminosities and the total gas mass integrated over entire galaxies, with the tightest, almost linear, correlation found for the longest wavelength data (SPIRE 500). However, we find that accounting for the gas-phase metallicity (affecting the dust to gas ratio) is crucial when applying these relations to low-mass, and presumably high-redshift, galaxies. The molecular (H2) gas mass is found to be better correlated with the peak of the IR emission (e.g., PACS160), driven mostly by the correlation of stellar mass and mean dust temperature. When examining these relations as a function of galactocentric radius, we find the same correlations, albeit with a larger scatter, up to a radius of r ∼ 0.7 r25 (containing most of a galaxy's baryonic mass). However, beyond that radius, the same correlations no longer hold, with increasing gas (predominantly H i) mass relative to the infrared emission. The tight relations found for the bulk of the galaxy's baryonic content suggest that total gas masses of disk-like (non-merging/ULIRG) galaxies can be inferred from far-infrared continuum measurements in situations where only the latter are available, e.g., in ALMA continuum observations of high-redshift galaxies.
Stability analysis and observational constraints in scalar tensor theory

We study FRW cosmology for scalar tensor theory where two scalar functions nonminimally coupled to the geometry and matter lagrangian. In a framework to investigate stability and attractor solutions of the model in the phase space, we simultaneously solve the dynamical system and best fit the stability and model parameters with the observational data. The approach imposes restrictions on the model constraints while providing information about the universe dynamics. The model predict current accelerating universe, with a phantom crossing in near future.
On the relationship between circumstellar disc size and X-ray outbursts in Be/X-ray binaries

We present long-term Hα monitoring results of five Be/X-ray binaries to study the Be disc size variations and their influence on type II (giant) X-ray outbursts. The work is done in the context of the viscous decretion disc model which predicts that Be discs in binary systems are truncated by resonant torques induced by the neutron star in its orbit. Our observations show that type II outbursts are not correlated (nor anticorrelated) with the disc size, as they are seen to occur both at relatively small and large Be disc radii. We discuss these observations in context of alternate interpretation of Be disc behaviour, such as precession, elongation and density effects, and with cognisance of the limitations of our disc size estimates.
Inertial range scaling of scalar flux spectra in uniformly sheared turbulence

A model based on two-point closure theory of turbulence is proposed and applied to study the Reynolds number dependency of the scalar flux spectra in homogeneous shear flow with a cross-stream uniform scalar gradient. For the cross-stream scalar flux, in the inertial range the spectral behavior agrees with classical predictions and measurements. The streamwise scalar flux is found to be in good agreement with the results of atmospheric measurements. However, both the model results and the atmospheric measurements disagree with classical predictions. A detailed analysis of the different terms in the evolution equation for the streamwise scalar flux spectrum shows that nonlinear contributions are governing the inertial subrange of this spectrum and that these contributions are relatively more important than for the cross-stream flux. A new expression for the scalar flux spectra is proposed. It allows us to unify the description of the components in one single expression, leading to a classical K−7∕3 inertia.
THE SYNERGY OF DIRECT IMAGING AND ASTROMETRY FOR ORBIT DETERMINATION OF EXO-EARTHS

The holy grail of exoplanet searches is an exo-Earth, an Earth mass planet in the habitable zone (HZ) around a nearby star. Mass is one of the most important characteristics of a planet and can only be measured by observing the motion of the star around the planet–star center of gravity. The planet's orbit can be measured either by imaging the planet at multiple epochs or by measuring the position of the star at multiple epochs by space-based astrometry. The measurement of an exoplanet's orbit by direct imaging is complicated by a number of factors. One is the inner working angle (IWA). A space coronagraph or interferometer imaging an exo-Earth can separate the light from the planet from the light from the star only when the star–planet separation is larger than the IWA. Second, the apparent brightness of a planet depends on the orbital phase. A single image of a planet cannot tell us whether the planet is in the HZ or distinguish whether it is an exo-Earth or a Neptune-mass planet. Third is the confusion that may arise from the presence of multiple planets. With two images of a multiple planet system, it is not possible to assign a dot to a planet based only on the photometry and color of the planet. Finally, the planet–star contrast must exceed a certain minimum value in order for the planet to be detected. The planet may be unobservable even when it is outside the IWA, such as when the bright side of the planet is facing away from us in a “crescent” phase. In this paper we address the question: “Can a prior astrometric mission that can identify which stars have Earth-like planets significantly improve the science yield of a mission to image exo-Earths? ” In the case of the Occulting Ozone Observatory, a small external occulter mission that cannot measure spectra, we find that the occulter mission could confirm the orbits of ∼4 to ∼5 times as many exo-Earths if an astrometric mission preceded it to identify which stars had such planets. In the case of an internal coronagraph we find that a survey of the nearest ∼60 stars could be done with a telescope half the size if an astrometric mission had first identified the presence of Earth-like planets in the HZ and measured their orbital parameters.
Cram-JS: reference-based decompression in node and the browser

MOTIVATION The CRAM format addresses rising DNA storage costs for short-read sequencing by aligning reads to a reference genome and encoding the resulting alignment with Huffman, subexponential, Elias gamma, rANS, gzip, and other codes. The CRAM codec is complex, and until now, there has been no JavaScript implementation. RESULTS We have developed a JavaScript library, Cram-JS, that natively reads and decompresses the CRAM format on-the-fly. The library is used in the JBrowse and IGV-JS (http://igv.org/) genome browsers and can readily be used by other JavaScript applications, in the web browser or in Node. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Cram-JS is written to the ES-6 standard and is available from the GitHub repository at https://github.com/GMOD/cram-js. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION None.
Imputing race and ethnic information in administrative health data.

OBJECTIVE To improve on existing methods to infer race/ethnicity in health care data through an analysis of birth records from Connecticut. DATA SOURCE A total of 162 467 Connecticut birth records from 2009 to 2013. STUDY DESIGN We developed a logistic model to predict race/ethnicity using data from US Census and patient-level information. Model performance was tested and compared to previous studies. Five performance measures were used for comparison. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our full model correctly classifies 81 percent of subjects and shows improvement over extant methods. We achieved substantially improved sensitivity in predicting black race. CONCLUSIONS Predictive models using Census information and patients' demographic characteristics can be used to accurately populate race/ethnicity information in health care databases, enhancing opportunities to investigate and address disparities in access to, utilization of, and outcomes of care.
Polarisation properties of Milky-Way-like galaxies

Aims. We study the polarisation properties, magnetic field strength, and synchrotron emission scale-height of Milky-Way-like galaxies in comparison with other spiral galaxies. Methods. We used our 3D-emission model of the Milky Way Galaxy for viewing the Milky Way from outside at various inclinations in the way that spiral galaxies are observed. We analysed these Milky Way maps with techniques used to obtain the strength of magnetic fields, rotation measures (RMs), and scale-heights of synchrotron emission from observations of resolved galaxies and compared the results with the Milky Way model parameter. We also simulated a large sample of unresolved Milky-Way-like galaxies to study their statistical polarisation properties. Results. When seen edge-on, the synchrotron emission from the Milky Way has an exponential scale-height of about 0.74 kpc, which is much lower than the values obtained from previous models. We find that current analysis methods overestimate the scaleheight of synchrotron emission of galaxies by about 10% at an inclination of 80 ◦ and about 40% at an inclination of 70 ◦ because of contamination from the disk. The observed RMs for face-on galaxies derived from high-frequency polarisation measurements approximate to the Faraday depths (FDs) when scaled by a factor of two. For edge-on galaxies, the observed RMs are indicative of the orientation of the large-scale magnetic field, but are not closely related with the FDs. Assuming energy equipartition between the magnetic field and particles for the Milky Way results in an average magnetic-field strength that is about twice as high as the intrinsic value for a K factor of 100. The number distribution of the integrated polarisation percentages of a large sample of unresolved MilkyWay-like galaxies peaks at about 4.2% at 4.8 GHz and at about 0.8% at 1.4 GHz. Integrated polarisation angles rotated by 90 ◦ align very well with the position angles of the major axes, implying that unresolved galaxies do not have intrinsic RMs. Conclusions. Simulated maps of the Milky Way Galaxy when viewed from outside at various inclination angles are the basis for a comparison with spiral galaxy maps. They are also helpful to check the accuracy of analysing methods of spiral galaxy observations. Unresolved Milky-Way-like galaxies are ideal background sources to investigate intergalactic magnetic fields. However, at 1.4 GHz they are typically polarised below about 1% and hence a high instrumental purity of future facilities such as the SKA is required to observed them.
Positive Discourse Analysis of Political Thought in The Analects From the Perspective of Metaphor

Against the query about hierarchical political system of Confucianism, this article tries to identify and analyze the political metaphors reflected in The Analects - the master piece of Confucianism based on Positive Discourse Analysis. We have the findings as follows. Basically, political metaphors in The Analects include STATE IS FAMILY, PATH, UP-DOWN, and ENTITY which construct a unified and coherent political system of Confucianism. In this political system, Confucius and his disciples intend to emphasize the leadership of virtuous and knowledgeable men and the co-construction of family and state, require people to strengthen personal moral cultivation, follow the social norms and do what they are required to do according to their social identities, and participate in the governance and development of the country actively. Based on positive discourse analysis, the positive meanings of Confucian political thought constructed by metaphors in The Analects are revealed.
Two-Stage Optimal Re/Active Power Control of Large-Scale Wind Farm to Mitigate Voltage Dip Induced Frequency Excursion

A two-stage optimal active and reactive power coordinated control strategy of large-scale wind farm (WF) to mitigate voltage dip induced frequency excursion (VDIFE) is proposed in this letter. Before the voltage fault occurs, the power reference look-up table of each wind turbine (WT) are calculated. When voltage fault occurs, the power reference values of each WT are optimized based on model predictive control. Distinguished from existing works, the proposed optimal power control can better mitigate VDIFE and balance the variation of rotor speed of each WT. Case studies on a doubly-fed-induction-generator based WF built in MATLAB/Simulink are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Pengalaman Informasi Pustakawan dalam Program Transformasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Inklusi Sosial

Adanya program transformasi perpustakaan berbasis inklusi sosial sebagai program unggulan Dinas Kearsipan dan Perpustakaan (Dinarspus) Kabupaten Purbalingga, dirasa penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana interaksi yang terbentuk antara pustakawan, masyarakat dan mitra program dengan informasi yang ada, serta peristiwa seperti apa saja yang dialami oleh pustakawan yang terlibat selama ini, guna dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi dalam peningkatan dan pengembangan program kedepannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengalaman informasi yang dialami pustakawan di Dinarspus Kabupaten Purbalingga dalam melaksanakan program transformasi perpustakaan berbasis inklusi sosial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data wawancara dan dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pustakawan sebanyak 7 orang, yang terdiri dari: 4 Pustakawan Dinarspus Kabupaten Purbalingga dan 3 Pustakawan Mitra Program. Dengan menggunakan thematic analysis, penelitian ini menunjukan hasil bahwa dalam mencapai keberhasilan jalannya program transformasi perpustakaan berbasis inklusi sosial yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Purbalingga, banyak sekali pengalaman informasi yang dialami pustakawan dan berpengaruh besar terhadap perubahan perasaan, pola pikir dan tindakan pustakawan dalam menjalankan profesinya, terutama dalam menjalankan program inklusi sosial. Pengalaman informasi yang dialami ini membantu pustakawan dalam menentukan kebutuhan informasi masyarakat mana yang penting untuk dipenuhi terlebih dahulu dan kegiatan inklusi atau pelatihan apa yang paling tepat dirancang dan dibuat guna menjadi strategi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi tersebut. Meskipun terdapat beberapa kesulitan dan hambatan, pelaksanaan program di Kabupaten Purbalingga sudah berjalan cukup baik dan mendapatkan respon yang positif. Selain itu, program ini juga telah memberikan banyak manfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat serta diri pustakawan secara pribadi. Penelitian ini membantu pustakawan dan/atau perpustakaan lain sebagai pembelajaran dalam pelaksanaan program transformasi perpustakaan berbasis inklusi sosial.
THE CARBON MONOXIDE ABUNDANCE IN COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 DURING THE EPOXI FLYBY

We report the detection of several emission bands in the CO Fourth Positive Group from comet 103P/Hartley 2 during ultraviolet spectroscopic observations from the Hubble Space Telescope on 2010 November 4 near the time of closest approach by NASA's EPOXI spacecraft. The derived CO/H2O ratio is 0.15%–0.45%, which places 103P/Hartley 2 among the most CO-depleted comets. Apparently this highly volatile species, whose abundance varies by a factor of ∼50 among the comets observed to date, does not play a major role in producing the strong and temporally variable activity in 103P/Hartley 2. The CO emissions varied by ∼30% between our two sets of observations, apparently in phase with the temporal variability measured for several gases and dust by other observers. The low absolute abundance of CO in 103P/Hartley 2 suggests several possibilities: the nucleus formed in a region of the solar nebula that was depleted in CO or too warm to retain much CO ice, repeated passages through the inner solar system have substantially depleted the comet's primordial CO reservoir, or any CO still in the nucleus is buried below the regions that contribute significantly to the coma.
Agronomic biofortification increases grain zinc concentration of maize grown under contrasting soil types in Malawi

Abstract Zinc (Zn) deficiency remains a public health problem in Malawi, especially among poor and marginalized rural populations, linked with low dietary intake of Zn due to consumption of staple foods that are low in Zn content. The concentration of Zn in staple cereal grain can be increased through application of Zn‐enriched fertilizers, a process called agronomic biofortification or agro‐fortification. Field experiments were conducted at three Agricultural Research Station sites to assess the potential of agronomic biofortification to improve Zn concentration in maize grain in Malawi as described in registered report published previously. The hypotheses of the study were (i) that application of Zn‐enriched fertilizers would increase in the concentration of Zn in maize grain to benefit dietary requirements of Zn and (ii) that Zn concentration in maize grain and the effectiveness of agronomic biofortification would be different between soil types. At each site two different subsites were used, each corresponding to one of two agriculturally important soil types of Malawi, Lixisols and Vertisols. Within each subsite, three Zn fertilizer rates (1, 30, and 90 kg ha−1) were applied to experimental plots, using standard soil application methods, in a randomized complete block design. The experiment had 10 replicates at each of the three sites as informed by a power analysis from a pilot study, published in the registered report for this experiment, designed to detect a 10% increase in grain Zn concentration at 90 kg ha−1, relative to the concentration at 1 kg ha−1. At harvest, maize grain yield and Zn concentration in grain were measured, and Zn uptake by maize grain and Zn harvest index were calculated. At 30 kg ha−1, Zn fertilizer increased maize grain yields by 11% compared with nationally recommended application rate of 1 kg ha−1. Grain Zn concentration increased by 15% and uptake by 23% at the application rate of 30 kg ha−1 relative to the national recommendation rate. The effects of Zn fertilizer application rate on the response variables were not dependent on soil type. The current study demonstrates the importance of increasing the national recommendation rate of Zn fertilizer to improve maize yield and increase the Zn nutritional value of the staple crop.
Partitioning the Apparent Temperature Sensitivity into Within- and Across-Taxa Responses: Revisiting the Difference between Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Protists

Conventional analyses suggest that the metabolism of heterotrophs is thermally more sensitive than that of autotrophs, implying that warming leads to pronounced trophodynamic imbalances. However, these analyses inappropriately combine within- and across-taxa trends. Our new analysis separates these, revealing that 92% of the difference in the apparent thermal sensitivity between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists does indeed arise from within-taxa responses. Fitness differences among taxa adapted to different temperature regimes only partially compensate for the positive biochemical relationship between temperature and growth rate within taxa, supporting the hotter-is-partially-better hypothesis. Our work highlights the importance of separating within- and across-taxa responses when comparing temperature sensitivities between groups, which is relevant to how trophic imbalances and carbon fluxes respond to warming.
Creating versatile atom traps by applying near-resonant laser light in magnetic traps

We utilize the combination of two standard trapping techniques, a magnetic trap and an optical trap in a Raman setup, to propose a versatile and tunable trap for cold atoms. The created potential provides several advantages over conventional trapping potentials. One can easily convert the type of the trap, for example, from a single-well to a double-well trap. Atoms in different internal states can be trapped in different trap types, thereby enabling the realization of experiments with multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates. Moreover, one can achieve variations of the trapping potential on small length scales without the need of microstructures. We present the potential surfaces for different setups, demonstrate their tunability, give a semianalytical expression for the potential, and propose experiments which can be realized within such a trap.
From the `blazar sequence' to unification of blazars and radio galaxies

Based on a large Fermi blazar sample, the blazar sequence (synchrotron peak frequency v(peak) versus synchrotron peak luminosity L-peak) is revisited. It is found that there is significant anticorrelation between v(peak) and L-peak for blazars. However, after Doppler correction the anticorrelation disappears. The jet cavity power (P-jet) is estimated from the extended radio luminosity so that it is free of beaming effects. We find that there are significant anticorrelations between P-jet and the beam-corrected v(peak)' for both blazars and radio galaxies, which supports the blazar sequence and the unification of blazars and radio galaxies (an alternative relationship is the correlation between jet power and gamma-ray photon index).
FAR-INFRARED LINE AND DUST EMISSION FROM H ii REGIONS AND PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS

We explore the effect of varying the spectral energy distribution of the incident continuum, by simultaneously and self-consistently computing the structure of an H ii region and a photodissociation region that are in pressure equilibrium. The results of the calculations are applied to extragalactic observations. The intensity ratio diagrams of far-infrared (FIR) emission for Herschel bands (70, 110, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm) and the contribution from H ii regions for these specific FIR emissions are presented for the first time. With these diagrams, we compare the predicted FIR continuum intensity ratios of M82 with observations by Herschel.