Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Précis of The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system

Abstract A model of the neuropsychology of anxiety is proposed. The model is based in the first instance upon an analysis of the behavioural effects of the antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol) in animals. From such psychopharmacologi-cal experiments the concept of a “behavioural inhibition system” (BIS) has been developed. This system responds to novel stimuli or to those associated with punishment or nonreward by inhibiting ongoing behaviour and increasing arousal and attention to the environment. It is activity in the BIS that constitutes anxiety and that is reduced by antianxiety drugs. The effects of the antianxiety drugs in the brain also suggest hypotheses concerning the neural substrate of anxiety. Although the benzodiazepines and barbiturates facilitate the effects of γ-aminobutyrate, this is insufficient to explain their highly specific behavioural effects. Because of similarities between the behavioural effects of certain lesions and those of the antianxiety drugs, it is proposed that these drugs reduce anxiety by impairing the functioning of a widespread neural system including the septo-hippocampal system (SHS), the Papez circuit, the prefrontal cortex, and ascending monoaminergic and cholinergic pathways which innervate these forebrain structures. Analysis of the functions of this system (based on anatomical, physiological, and behavioural data) suggests that it acts as a comparator: it compares predicted to actual sensory events and activates the outputs of the BIS when there is a mismatch or when the predicted event is aversive. Suggestions are made as to the functions of particular pathways within this overall brain system. The resulting theory is applied to the symptoms and treatment of anxiety in man, its relations to depression, and the personality of individuals who are susceptible to anxiety or depression.
Neuroimaging findings in pediatric sports-related concussion.

OBJECT The goal in this review was to summarize the results of clinical neuroimaging studies performed in patients with sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinar ypediatric concussion program. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of medical records and neuroimaging findings for all patients referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age ≤ 19 years; and 2) physician-diagnosed SRC. All patients underwent evaluation and follow-up by the same neurosurgeon. The 2 outcomes examined in this review were the frequency of neuroimaging studies performed in this population (including CT and MRI) and the findings of those studies. Clinical indications for neuroimaging and the impact of neuroimaging findings on clinical decision making were summarized where available. This investigation was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. RESULTS A total of 151 patients (mean age 14 years, 59% female) were included this study. Overall, 36 patients (24%) underwent neuroimaging studies, the results of which were normal in 78% of cases. Sixteen percent of patients underwent CT imaging; results were normal in 79% of cases. Abnormal CT findings included the following: arachnoid cyst (1 patient), skull fracture (2 patients), suspected intracranial hemorrhage (1 patient), and suspected hemorrhage into an arachnoid cyst (1 patient). Eleven percent of patients underwent MRI; results were normal in 75% of cases. Abnormal MRI findings included the following: intraparenchymal hemorrhage and sylvian fissure arachnoid cyst (1 patient); nonhemorrhagic contusion (1 patient); demyelinating disease (1 patient); and posterior fossa arachnoid cyst, cerebellar volume loss, and nonspecific white matter changes (1 patient). CONCLUSIONS Results of clinical neuroimaging studies are normal in the majority of pediatric patients with SRC. However, in selected cases neuroimaging can provide information that impacts decision making about return to play and retirement from the sport.
Voucher Users and Revitalized Public-Housing Residents 6 Years After Displacement

Objective: A total of 6 years after displacement by a Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) project, this research examines residents who returned to the redeveloped community and residents who decided to keep their vouchers and were living in private sector housing. Respondents were compared on the following variables: application process and decision to move back, satisfaction with housing, material hardships, and perception of economic well-being. Method: The study employed a static group comparison research design. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 56 respondents through five focus groups. Results: Residents who moved back to the revitalized public housing were highly satisfied with their housing, had significantly fewer material hardships, and perceived their economic well-being more positively compared to residents remaining in the voucher program. Conclusions: Our results both support and expand upon previous empirical findings on the complex comparisons between voucher users and revitalized public-housing residents.
Outcomes for Children with Autism

The purpose of this article is to present case studies of three children with autism who received educational services in a public-school-affiliated early childhood program during their preschool and kindergarten years and have had positive outcomes. We used a combination of documents and archival records (e.g., assessment results) as data sources. All children made substantial developmental and academic progress. The three children have entered elementary school in inclusive settings and continue to thrive; one child exited special education. Our purposes in presenting these findings are to suggest that there are multiple means to achieve promising outcomes for young children with autism and to expand the discussion of appropriate early childhood services for children with autism.
Engaging Dairy Farmers to Improve Water Quality in the Aorere Catchment of New Zealand

In 2006, dairy farmers in the Aorere Catchment of New Zealand began to investigate allegations that they had a pollution problem affecting the viability of the community's shellfish industry. From 2007 to 2010, the New Zealand Landcare Trust's Aorere Catchment Project (ACP) helped farmers engage in actions to improve conditions in their waterways. Community involvement was a primary objective of the project and served as a major indicator of success. The actions farmers took to protect waterways and resultant improvements in water quality were also used to assess the efficacy of the project. This article discusses the underlying issues, the setting and the project, an evaluation of the project, and the results. Conclusions contrasting the situation in 2007 and 2010 show that great strides were made in terms of community involvement and application of best management practices, and there is evidence that this has resulted in improved water quality and safer conditions for shellfish harvesting.
Architecture de ressources humaines : Perspectives théoriques et pistes de recherche

Le domaine de la gestion strategique des ressources humaines manque d’encadrement theorique en ce qui concerne le caractere unique de l’architecture de ressources humaines (RH). L’article propose une reflexion theorique sur cette notion et ses deux dimensions principales : l’alignement vertical et la coherence horizontale. L’expose explique comment et pourquoi les organisations de meme type possedent sensiblement la meme architecture RH. L’importance du role des contingences internes et des conditions de realisation des objectifs RH est abordee. L’auteur explore le caractere unique de la GRH au niveau de la coherence des pratiques et la complexite des liens avec l’alignement vertical. Un modele combinant les deux dimensions de l’architecture RH propose des pistes de reflexion quant a leur effet interactif sur la performance organisationnelle. Des hypotheses et strategies de recherche pour mesurer la presence et l’impact de la coherence horizontale sur la performance organisationnelle sont suggerees.
IL-2 knockout recipient mice reject islet cell allografts.

The IL-2 pathway is portrayed often as central to allograft rejection. To test this hypothesis, we studied IL-2-deficient mice as allograft recipients. IL-2 gene knockout (KO) mice reject islet allografts and demonstrate a classical mononuclear leukocytic infiltrate, containing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, surrounding and invading the islet allografts. Moreover, allograft rejection in the IL-2 KO mouse is associated with intragraft expression of certain cytokine and CTL attack molecule genes (e.g. IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, and granzyme B). In separate experiments, IL-2 KO mice generated CTLs in response to in vivo challenge with allogeneic tumor cells. Although IL-2 KO mice reject allografts in vivo, spleen cells from immunologically naive IL-2 KO mice exhibit a diminished proliferative response to mitogens in vitro that could be restored largely by exogenous IL-2, IL-4, or IL-7. The paradoxical ability to execute graft rejection in vivo despite near absent T cell proliferative responses in vitro may result from the expression of IL-7 in vivo, but not in vitro. Con A-stimulated bulk spleen cell cultures derived from IL-2 KO mice were essentially devoid not only of IL-2 but also IL-7 gene transcripts. These data indicate that 1) IL-2 is not the sole T cell growth factor capable of supporting allograft rejection and 2) expression of IL-4, but not IL-2, during the allograft response does not lead inevitably to tolerance.
The Effectiveness of European Active Labor Market Policy

Measures of Active Labor Market Policy are widely used in European countries, but despite many econometric evaluation studies no conclusive cross-country evidence exists regarding ? what program works for what target group under what (economic and institutional) circumstances? This paper results from an extensive research project for the European Commission aimed at answering that question using a meta-analytical framework. The empirical results are surprisingly clear-cut: Rather than contextual factors such as labor market institutions or the business cycle, it is almost exclusively the program type that matters for program effectiveness. While direct employment programs in the public sector appear detrimental,wage subsidies and ? Services and Sanctions? can be effective in increasing participants? employment probability.
Decomposing the Rural-Urban Differential in Student Achievement in Colombia Using PISA Microdata

This article examines the differences in educational outcomes between students attending schools in rural areas and those enrolled in urban schools in Colombia. Using microdata from the 2006, 2009 and 2012 PISA surveys, we find that educational outcomes of rural students are worse than those of urban ones. In order to identify the factors underpinning this differential, we apply decomposition methods and we find that most of the differential is attributable to family characteristics as opposed to those of the school. Our evidence supports the need to complement actions addressed to rural schools with policies improving household conditions.
Connectivity-informed Sparse Classifiers for fMRI Brain Decoding

In recent years, sparse regularization has become a dominant means for handling the curse of dimensionality in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based brain decoding problems. Enforcing sparsity alone, however, neglects the interactions between connected brain areas. Methods that additionally impose spatial smoothness would account for local but not long-range interactions. In this paper, we propose incorporating connectivity into sparse classifier learning so that both local and long-range connections can be jointly modeled. On real data, we demonstrate that integrating connectivity information inferred from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data provides higher classification accuracy and more interpretable classifier weight patterns than standard classifiers. Our results thus illustrate the benefits of adding neurologically-relevant priors in fMRI brain decoding.
Movimiento corporal y construcción de la ejecución musical en vivo

This study explores performance movement according to the embodiment's theoretical framework. It aims to determine the role of movement concerning different modalities of thought involved in music performance. Particularly, the relationship of movement and the particular cognitive demand both while improvising and playing something previously known is studied. Some aspects of the musical structure involved (phasing and meter) is studied too. We analyze a live flute performance in a standard concert situation of a quartet folk music. Absolute velocity and quantity of movement data are collected from a video taken during a recital from the audience perspective. Results show differences between conditions. However, high standard deviations of such measurements indicate that these variables also depend on some peculiarity of musical structure. It is also observed that the relationship between AV and QoM seem to vary depending on the role of movement in the performance. New perspectives concerning the dynamic musical experience based on the relationship between body movement and the forces operating on the resulting expressive and musical performance are proposed.
Evidence for an apical Na–Cl cotransporter involved in ion uptake in a teleost fish

SUMMARY Cation–chloride cotransporters, such as the Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransporter (NKCC) and Na+/Cl– cotransporter (NCC), are localized to the apical or basolateral plasma membranes of epithelial cells and are involved in active ion absorption or secretion. The objectives of this study were to clone and identify `freshwater-type' and `seawater-type' cation–chloride cotransporters of euryhaline Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and to determine their intracellular localization patterns within mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs). From tilapia gills, we cloned four full-length cDNAs homologous to human cation–chloride cotransporters and designated them as tilapia NKCC1a, NKCC1b, NKCC2 and NCC. Out of the four candidates, the mRNA encoding NKCC1a was highly expressed in the yolk-sac membrane and gills (sites of the MRC localization) of seawater-acclimatized fish, whereas the mRNA encoding NCC was exclusively expressed in the yolk-sac membrane and gills of freshwater-acclimatized fish. We then generated antibodies specific for tilapia NKCC1a and NCC and conducted whole-mount immunofluorescence staining for NKCC1a and NCC, together with Na+/K+-ATPase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), on the yolk-sac membrane of tilapia embryos acclimatized to freshwater or seawater. The simultaneous quintuple-color immunofluorescence staining allowed us to classify MRCs clearly into four types: types I, II, III and IV. The NKCC1a immunoreactivity was localized to the basolateral membrane of seawater-specific type-IV MRCs, whereas the NCC immunoreactivity was restricted to the apical membrane of freshwater-specific type-II MRCs. Taking account of these data at the level of both mRNA and protein, we deduce that NKCC1a is the seawater-type cotransporter involved in ion secretion by type-IV MRCs and that NCC is the freshwater-type cotransporter involved in ion absorption by type-II MRCs. We propose a novel ion-uptake model by MRCs in freshwater that incorporates apically located NCC. We also reevaluate a traditional ion-uptake model incorporating NHE3; the mRNA was highly expressed in freshwater, and the immunoreactivity was found at the apical membrane of other freshwater-specific MRCs.
A Review of Spatial Aspects of Forest Damage and Recovery on the South Carolina Coast Following Hurricane Hugo

Southern US coastal forests are subject to damage by major Atlantic Hurricanes at a frequency that influences forest succession. Forest species may be: a) resistant: unchanged in mortality and growth; b) susceptible: increase in mortality and decrease in growth, and c) resilient: increase in mortality but increase in abundance and growth, or d) usurper: absent prior to disturbance and increase abundance and growth afterwards. Although there is a wide literature on resistance of temperate species found in the southern US to hurricane wind and salt damage, long-term ecological implications are poorly understood outside of the tropics. Hurricane Hugo struck the South Carolina Coast with an estimated wind speed of 60 m/s. Due to the relatively fast forward movement of the storm, high wind speed and severe forest damage extended nearly 100 km into the state. In depth studies of immediate damage were reported for four sites and seven forest types. Species resistance to hurricane damage was found to be similar to that reported after other major hurricanes (Camille, Katrina, and Rita) although mortality percentages were influenced by position in the wind field. Susceptible species were highly dependent on position (wind speed) and proximity to the ocean (salt water in storm surge). Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua),varied between resilient and usurper roles in response to mortality percentage of susceptible species.
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Promotes Cell Survival in Response to DNA Damage but Is Not Required for the G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint in Human Cancer Cells

ABSTRACT p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is rapidly activated by stresses and is believed to play an important role in the stress response. While Chk1 is known to mediate G2 DNA damage checkpoint control, p38 was also reported to have an essential function in this checkpoint control. Here, we have investigated further the roles of p38 and Chk1 in the G2 DNA damage checkpoint in cancer cells. We find that although p38 activation is strongly induced by DNA damage, its activity is not required for the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. In contrast, Chk1 kinase is responsible for the execution of G2 DNA damage checkpoint control in p53-deficient cells. The inhibition of p38 activity has no effect on Chk1 activation and γ-H2AX expression. Global gene expression profiling of cancer cells in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) revealed that p38 plays a strong prosurvival role through the coordinated downregulation of proapoptotic genes and upregulation of prosurvival genes. We show that the inhibition of p38 activity during G2 DNA damage checkpoint arrest triggers apoptosis in a p53-independent manner with a concurrent decrease in the level of Bcl2 family proteins. Our results suggest that although p38 MAPK is not required for the G2 DNA damage checkpoint function, it plays an important prosurvival role during the G2 DNA damage checkpoint response through the upregulation of the Bcl2 family proteins.
Managing Employees' Use of Mobile Technologies to Minimize Work-Life Balance Impacts

Mobile technologies are profoundly affecting both how work gets done and how we live our lives. In many sectors, there is an increasing need for ubiquitous access to systems and information, coordination with colleagues across time and space, and constant connectivity. a Ð professional lives, many mobile workers also express a sense of helplessness arising from the constant intrusion of these technologies into their personal lives. Prior research suggests that a sustained lack of work/life balance (WLB) or work/life Ð 
Offre de travail féminine et garde des jeunes enfants

We estimate a model of the decision by mothers of young children to use paid child care services and to work (participation and working hours: half-time, 80%, full-time), using French microeconomic data. Our research suggests that the cost of child care influences the use of paid child care services but has little effect on women’s decision to work. Abolishing the parental education allowance (APE) would increase the rate of use of paid child care services by two points andthe femaleemploymentrate byfour points formarried couples withatleast onechild underthreeyearsof age. Part-time working for women is highly sensitive to the financial incentives of the APE.
ffect of Kidney Transplantation on eft Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction nd Congestive Heart Failure in atients With End-Stage Renal Disease

OBJECTIVES We examined the impact of kidney transplantation on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). BACKGROUND The ESRD patients with decreased LVEF and a poor New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class are not usually referred for transplant evaluations, as they are considered to be at increased risk of cardiac and surgical complications. METHODS Between June 1998 and November 2002, 103 recipients with LVEF 40% and CHF underwent kidney transplantation. The LVEF was re-assessed by radionuclide ventriculography gated-blood pool (MUGA) scan at six and 12 months and at the last follow-up during the post-transplant period. RESULTS Mean pre-transplant LVEF% increased from 31.6 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.3 to 32.9) to 52.2 12.0 (95% CI 49.9 to 54.6, p 0.002) at 12 months after transplantation. There was no perioperative death. After transplantation, 69.9% of patients achieved LVEF 50% (normal LVEF). A longer duration of dialysis (in months) before transplantation decreased the likelihood of normalization of LVEF in the post-transplant period (odds ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.91; p 0.001). The NYHA functional class improved significantly in those with normalization of LVEF (p 0.003). After transplantation, LVEF 50% was the only significant factor associated with a lower hazard for death or hospitalizations for CHF (relative risk 0.90, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.95; p 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Kidney transplantation in ESRD patients with advanced systolic heart failure results in an increase in LVEF, improves functional status of CHF, and increases survival. To abrogate the adverse effects of prolonged dialysis on myocardial function, ESRD patients should be counseled for kidney transplantation as soon as the diagnosis of systolic heart failure is established. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1051–60) © 2005 by the American College of ublished by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc. 2004.11. 061
Improving Automatic Text Classification by Integrated Feature Analysis

Feature transformation in automatic text classification (ATC) can lead to better classification performance. Furthermore dimensionality reduction is important in ATC. Hence, feature transformation and dimensionality reduction are performed to obtain lower computational costs with improved classification performance. However, feature transformation and dimension reduction techniques have been conventionally considered in isolation. In such cases classification performance can be lower than when integrated. Therefore, we propose an integrated feature analysis approach which improves the classification performance at lower dimensionality. Moreover, we propose a multiple feature integration technique which also improves classification effectiveness.
Multisystemic Therapy: An Empirically Supported, Home-Based Family Therapy Approach

Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is a well-validated, evidenced-based treatment for serious clinical problems presented by adolescents and their families. Across randomized clinical trials, MST has been effective in reducing out-of-home placements, delinquent behavior, substance use, and psychiatric symptomatology compared to services currently available in the community. This article is an introduction to the MST approach and outlines key clinical features, describes the theoretical underpinnings, and discusses the empirical support for MST’s effectiveness with a variety of serious clinical issues.