Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On geometric discretization of elasticity

This paper presents a geometric discretization of elasticity when the ambient space is Euclidean. This theory is built on ideas from algebraic topology, exterior calculus, and the recent developments of discrete exterior calculus. We first review some geometric ideas in continuum mechanics and show how constitutive equations of linearized elasticity, similar to those of electromagnetism, can be written in terms of a material Hodge star operator. In the discrete theory presented in this paper, instead of referring to continuum quantities, we postulate the existence of some discrete scalar-valued and vector-valued primal and dual differential forms on a discretized solid, which is assumed to be a triangulated domain. We find the discrete governing equations by requiring energy balance invariance under time-dependent rigid translations and rotations of the ambient space. There are several subtle differences between the discrete and continuous theories. For example, power of tractions in the discrete theory i.
Sway‐dependent changes in standing ankle stiffness caused by muscle thixotropy

The passive stiffness of the calf muscles contributes to standing balance, although the properties of muscle tissue are highly labile. We investigated the effect of sway history upon intrinsic ankle stiffness and demonstrated reductions in stiffness of up to 43% during conditions of increased baseline sway. This sway dependence was most apparent when using low amplitude stiffness‐measuring perturbations, and the short‐range stiffness component was smaller during periods of high sway. These characteristics are consistent with the thixotropic properties of the calf muscles causing the observed changes in ankle stiffness. Periods of increased sway impair the passive stabilization of standing, demanding more active neural control of balance.
Bmc Medical Education the Effectiveness of Web-based and Face-to-face Continuing Education Methods on Nurses' Knowledge about Aids: a Comparative Study

Background: Information about web-based education outcomes in comparison with a face-to-face format can help researchers and tutors prepare and deliver future web-based or face-to-face courses more efficiently. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of web-based and face-to-face continuing education methods in improving nurses' knowledge about AIDS.
Cocaine effects are modulated by central CB2 receptors in mice: new hope in a cannabinoid target for addiction and other CNS disorders

Evaluation of: Xi ZX, Peng XQ, Li X et al. Brain cannabinoid CB2 receptors modulate cocaine’s actions in mice. Nat. Neurosci. 14(9), 1160–1166 (2011). This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of brain CB2 receptors in cocaine’s behavioral and neurochemical effects by using highly selective CB2 receptor agonists and antagonists, combined with CB1 and CB2 receptor knockout mice. They found that systemic or intracerebral administration of the CB2 selective agonist, JWH133, dose-dependently inhibited intravenous cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced locomotion and cocaine-induced nucleus accumbens extracellular dopamine in wild-type and CB1 receptor knockout mice, but not in CB2 receptor knockout mice. These findings indicate that brain CB2 receptors modulate cocaine’s reinforcing and locomotor-stimulating effects, likely through a dopamine-dependent mechanism, and further suggest that selective ligands targeting brain CB2 receptors may represent a novel target for cocaine and other dru.
An Improved Header Compression Scheme for 6LoWPAN Networks

To apply IPv6 to IEEE 802.15. 4-based low-power wireless personal area networks, efficient packet header compression is essential to adapt to limited bandwidth, memory and energy resources of such networks. While the existing header compression solutions are yet to be perfected, an improved header compression scheme is proposed which has the capability to better support the compression on IPv6 multicast address, UDP, ICMP headers and routing extension headers as well. Keywords—6LoWPAN, header compression, IPv6, multicast address, routing extention header
Using Scrum for Software Engineering Class Projects

Imparting industry relevant skills and knowledge for the graduating students in the field of Software Engineering is difficult but is necessary to make the students employable and productive right from the time of joining on the job. With outdated curriculum and slow process of revision of syllabi it is difficult to achieve this objective. This paper discusses how one of the popular agile project management frameworks, Scrum can be taught and used to teach basic concepts of software project management without necessitating revision of the syllabus. It also discusses the rise in motivation and interest level of students due to adoption of this approach. It also shows the flexibility of this agile approach to adapt to a situation different than a normal software development scenario in an organization.
Decomposition of Probability Tables Representing Boolean Functions

We apply tensor rank-one decomposition (Savicky and Vomlel, 2005) to conditional probability tables representing Boolean functions. We present a numerical algorithm that can be used to find a minimal tensor rank-one decomposition together with the results of the experiments performed using the proposed algorithm. We will pay special attention to a family of Boolean functions that are common in probabilistic models from practice monotone and symmetric Boolean functions. We will show that these functions can be better decomposed than general Boolean functions, specifically, rank of their corresponding tensor is lower than average rank of a general Boolean function.
The Energy Dissipation Rate of Supersonic, Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Molecular Clouds

Molecular clouds have broad line widths, which suggests turbulent supersonic motions in the clouds. These motions are usually invoked to explain why molecular clouds take much longer than a free-fall time to form stars. Classically, it was thought that supersonic hydrodynamical turbulence would dissipate its energy quickly but that the introduction of strong magnetic fields could maintain these motions. A previous paper has shown, however, that isothermal, compressible MHD and hydrodynamical turbulence decay at virtually the same rate, requiring that constant driving occur to maintain the observed turbulence. In this paper, direct numerical computations of uniform, randomly driven turbulence with the ZEUS astrophysical MHD code are used to derive the value of the energy-dissipation coefficient, which is found to be with ηv = 0.21/π, where vrms is the root-mean-square (rms) velocity in the region, Ekin is the total kinetic energy in the region, m is the mass of the region, and is the driving wavenumber. The ratio τ of the formal decay time Ekin/kin of turbulence to the free-fall time of the gas can then be shown to be where Mrms is the rms Mach number, and κ is the ratio of the driving wavelength to the Jeans wavelength. It is likely that κ < 1 is required for turbulence to support gas against gravitational collapse, so the decay time will probably always be far less than the free-fall time in molecular clouds, again showing that turbulence there must be constantly and strongly driven. Finally, the typical decay time constant of the turbulence can be shown to be where is the driving wavelength.
Onion routing

reserving privacy means not only hiding the content of messages, but also hiding who is talking to whom (traffic analysis). Much like a physical envelope, the simple application of cryptography within a packet-switched network hides the contents of messages being sent, but can reveal who is talking to whom, and how often. Onion Routing is a general-purpose infrastructure for private communication over a public network [3, 4, 6]. It provides anonymous connections that are strongly resistant to both eavesdropping and traffic analysis. The connections are bidirectional, near real-time, and can be used for both connection-based and connectionless traffic. Onion Routing interfaces with off-theshelf application software and systems through specialized proxies, making it easy to integrate into existing systems. Prototypes have been running since July 1997. At press time, the prototype network is processing more than one million Web connections per month from more than six thousand IP addresses in twenty countries and in all six main top level domains. Onion Routing operates by dynamically building anonymous connections within a network of real-time Chaum Onion Routing
Predicting Back Pain Treatment Outcomes Among Workers’ Compensation Patients: Important Information for Clinical Neuropsychologists

Low back pain is an increasingly prevalent and costly issue in the United States. It is a particularly relevant problem for Workers’ Compensation patients, who typically experience worse surgical and functional outcomes than their non-compensated counterparts. Neuropsychologists often provide intervention and assessment services to compensated patients with back pain, and thus it is critical they possess a basic understanding of the factors that might predispose an injured worker to poor spine surgery outcomes. This paper will review the current literature regarding presurgical biopsychosocial factors which have been implicated in poor back surgery outcomes among injured workers. We provide some tentative guidelines for neuropsychologists to utilize in providing services to injured workers with back pain.
[Effect of recombinant pEGFP-N3-APC vectors carrying various APC functional domains on the expression of beta-catenin in HT-29 cells].

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of recombinant pEGFP-N3-APC vectors carrying various APC functional domains on the expression of beta-catenin in human colorectal cancer cells HT-29. METHODS The recombinant plasmids were transfected into HT-29 cells mediated by lipofectamine(TM) 2000, and detected by green fluorescence and RT-PCR. Western blot was applied to detect beta-catenin expression level in HT-29 cells after transfection, and gray scales of electrophoresis strips were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. RESULTS Green fluorescence and RT-PCR made clear that all 5 recombinant plasmids were successfully expressed in HT-29 cells. Western blot showed that beta-catenin expression level in HT-29 cells was not affected after being transfected with pEGFP-N3-APC1, pEGFP-N3-APC2 and pEGFP-N3-APC3, and was distinctly affected after being transfected with pEGFP-N3-APC4 and pEGFP-N3-APC5, especially the later one. CONCLUSION The selected APC5 gene fragment with 15-amino acid repeats and SAMP repeats, which is relatively short, can degrade beta-catenin level in HT-29 cells and may be applied in the gene therapy.
Vestibular migraine: Diagnostic criteria (Update)

This paper presents diagnostic criteria for vestibular migraine, jointly formulated by the Committee for Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society and the Migraine Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (IHS). It contains a literature update while the original criteria from 2012 were left unchanged. The classification defines vestibular migraine and probable vestibular migraine. Vestibular migraine was included in the appendix of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3, 2013 and 2018) as a first step for new entities, in accordance with the usual IHS procedures. Probable vestibular migraine may be included in a later version of the ICHD, when further evidence has accumulated. The diagnosis of vestibular migraine is based on recurrent vestibular symptoms, a history of migraine, a temporal association between vestibular symptoms and migraine symptoms and exclusion of other causes of vestibular symptoms. Symptoms that qualify for a diagnosis of vestibular migraine include various types of vertigo as well as head motion-induced dizziness with nausea. Symptoms must be of moderate or severe intensity. Duration of acute episodes is limited to a window of between 5 minutes and 72 hours.
West Nile Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) was found throughout New York State in year 2000. The epicenter was located in New York City with a high level of activity in the immediately surrounding counties, including Rockland, Westchester, Nassau, and Suffolk. During 2000, WNV testing was performed by the Wadsworth Center on 3,687 dead birds, representing 153 species, 46 families, and 18 orders. There were 1,203 WNV‐positive birds, representing 63 species, 30 families and 14 orders. The percentage of WNV‐positive birds was 33% for all birds tested throughout the state, with no significant difference in infection rates in migratory versus resident birds, although significantly more resident birds were submitted for testing. The highest apparent mortality for the entire season was observed in American crows in Staten Island, a location that also showed the highest minimal infection rate in Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes. Studies examining tissue tropism of WNV in corvids and noncorvids from the epicenter and from remote locations indicated that the kidney was the most consistently infected tissue in birds, regardless of level of infection. The brain was the next most consistently positive tissue. The differences in infection among the tissues were most apparent when low levels of virus were present. Experimental mouse inoculation demonstrated a classical flavivirus infection pattern.
Signatures of Parkinson's disease in complexity of low-frequency fluctuations of postural sway velocity

Posturography is routinely used to qualitatively assess one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease -- postural instability. While most measures of balance control are derived from displacement of the center of pressure there is evidence that such control is more likely to be velocity-based. We performed static posturographic tests (eyes open and eyes closed) during quiet standing in narrow stance for n=30 patients with Parkinson's disease (PDP) in the ON state and compared the results with those of n=30 age-matched senior controls (HSC) and n=60 young controls (HYC). We used differentiator filters to generate time series of low-frequency fluctuations of sway velocity and calculated their Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC). With eyes closed, the mediolateral LZC of HSC 0.21 (0.02) was significantly higher than those of HYC 0.19 (0.02) and PDP 0.18 (002). Thus aging and PD have opposite effects on mediolateral LZC which strongly differentiates between HSC and PDP (92% sensitivity and 87% specificity).
Amyloid Imaging in Aging and Dementia: Testing the Amyloid Hypothesis In Vivo

Amyloid imaging represents a major advance in neuroscience, enabling the detection and quantification of pathologic protein aggregations in the brain. In this review we survey current amyloid imaging techniques, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET) with ^{11}carbon-labelled Pittsburgh Compound-B (11C-PIB), the most extensively studied and best validated tracer. PIB binds specifically to fibrillar beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits, and is a sensitive marker for Aβ pathology in cognitively normal older individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). PIB-PET provides us with a powerful tool to examine in vivo the relationship between amyloid deposition, clinical symptoms, and structural and functional brain changes in the continuum between normal aging and AD. Amyloid imaging studies support a model in which amyloid deposition is an early event on the path to dementia, beginning insidiously in cognitively normal individuals, and accompanied by subtle cognitive decline and functional and structural brain changes suggestive of incipient AD. As patients progress to dementia, clinical decline and neurodegeneration accelerate and proceed independently of amyloid accumulation. In the future, amyloid imaging is likely to supplement clinical evaluation in selecting patients for anti-amyloid therapies, while MRI and FDG-PET may be more appropriate markers of clinical progression.
Desynchronizing electrical and sensory coordinated reset neuromodulation

Coordinated reset (CR) stimulation is a desynchronizing stimulation technique based on timely coordinated phase resets of sub-populations of a synchronized neuronal ensemble. It has initially been computationally developed for electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS), to enable an effective desynchronization and unlearning of pathological synchrony and connectivity (anti-kindling). Here we computationally show for ensembles of spiking and bursting model neurons interacting via excitatory and inhibitory adaptive synapses that a phase reset of neuronal populations as well as a desynchronization and an anti-kindling can robustly be achieved by direct electrical stimulation or indirect (synaptically-mediated) excitatory and inhibitory stimulation. Our findings are relevant for DBS as well as for sensory stimulation in neurological disorders characterized by pathological neuronal synchrony. Based on the obtained results, we may expect that the local effects in the vicinity of a depth electrode (realized by direct stimulation of the neurons' somata or stimulation of axon terminals) and the non-local CR effects (realized by stimulation of excitatory or inhibitory efferent fibers) of deep brain CR neuromodulation may be similar or even identical. Furthermore, our results indicate that an effective desynchronization and anti-kindling can even be achieved by non-invasive, sensory CR neuromodulation. We discuss the concept of sensory CR neuromodulation in the context of neurological disorders.
Ficción audiovisual y procesos de percepción en estudiantes universitarios de Argentina y España. Una investigación empírica. S

Esta investigacion descubre las diferencias en la percepcion audiovisual en jovenes estudiantes, mediante la evaluacion del impacto afectivo o cambio de estado de animo que muestra el observador en relacion con un capitulo de una ficcion audiovisual conocida. Un grupo de estudiantes de Ciencias de la Comunicacion procedentes de la Universidad Austral de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y de la Universidad de Valencia (Espana) se han sometido a cuestionarios analiticos pre-test y post-test sobre un capitulo de la serie de ficcion “The Walking Dead”.
Engineering of strained III–V heterostructures for high hole mobility

Strain and confinement leads to reduction in m* to numbers comparable with electron mass in III–V's. Room temperature mobility of 960/860cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs for In<inf>0.41</inf>Ga<inf>0.59</inf>Sb/GaSb channels (NS=1x10<sup>12</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup>) are the highest reported for these materials. μh is ≫ 3X compared to uniaxially strained Si. Further enhancement should be possible using uniaxial strain (Fig. 3). High μh Sb-based channels along with their already reported excellent n-channel performance [1] make them promising candidates to meet ITRS requirements for future nodes.
Neuropharmacology and analgesia The pro fi le of mephedrone on human monoamine transporters differs from 3 , 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine primarily by lower potency at the vesicular monoamine transporter

Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, MMC) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are constituents of popular party drugs with psychoactive effects. Structurally they are amphetamine-like substances with monoamine neurotransmitter enhancing actions. We therefore compared their effects on the human monoamine transporters using human cell lines stably expressing the human noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin transporter (NET, DAT and SERT); preparations of synaptic vesicles from human striatum in uptake experiments; and a superfusion systemwhere releasing effects can be reliably measured. MMC and MDMA were equally potent in inhibiting noradrenaline uptake at NET, with IC50 values of 1.9 and 2.1 mM, respectively. Compared to their NET inhibition potency, both drugs were weaker uptake inhibitors at DAT and SERT, with MMC being more potent than MDMA at DAT (IC50: 5.9 vs 12.6 mM) and less potent than MDMA at SERT (IC50: 19.3 vs 7.6 mM). MMC and MDMA both induced concentration-dependently [H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-release from NET-, DAT or SERTexpressing cells which was clearly transporter-mediated release as demonstrated by the selective inhibitory effects of nmolar to low mmolar concentrations of desipramine, GBR 12909 and fluoxetine, respectively. MMC and MDMA differed most in their inhibition of [H]dopamine uptake by synaptic vesicles from human striatum with MDMA being 10-fold more potent than MMC (IC50: 20 vs 223 mM) and their ability to release [H]dopamine from human vesicular monoamine transporter expressing SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in which MDMA seems to have a stronger effect. Our findings give a molecular explanation to the lower long-term neurotoxicity of MMC compared to MDMA. & 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Performers’ experienced emotions in the construction of expressive musical performance: An exploratory investigation

Does a performer feel sad when s/he performs a sad piece of music, or does s/he perform sadness? Not much is known about the relationship between felt and performed emotions in performing musicians. Some studies emphasize the importance of feeling the emotions; others underline the idea of planned expressiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a performer’s experienced emotions and the construction of a musically expressive performance. Eight music students (mean age: 20.9, SD: 1.13) completed an introductory, semi-structured interview; a monitoring period during which they filled out an Individual Playing Diary; and an in-depth, semi-structured interview based on the diary. Differences were found between performers’ emotions related to the practice activity (e.g., frustration at not being able to master technical difficulties) and emotions related to the music (e.g., aesthetic delight). Initially, practice-related emotions prevailed. Then, music-related emotions came to the fore. As the learning process developed, ‘feeling’ the musical emotions transformed into ‘knowing’ the musical emotions: the expressive interpretation, and the intensity of felt emotions waned. At the point of performance, some felt emotion was added again. These findings provide a detailed insight into an under-studied aspect of music performance as a creative practice.
Making a Difference: Using peers to assess individual students' contributions to a group project

Overcoming the potential dilemma of awarding the same grade to a group of students for group work assignments, regardless of the contribution made by each group member, is a problem facing teachers who ask their students to work collaboratively together on assessed group tasks. In this paper, we report on the procedures to factor in the contributions of individual group members engaged in an integrated group project using peer assessment procedures. Our findings demonstrate that the method we used resulted in a substantially wider spread of marks being given to individual students. Almost every student was awarded a numerical score which was higher or lower than a simple group project mark would have been. When these numerical scores were converted into the final letter grades, approximately one-third of the students received a grade for the group project that was different from the grade that they would have received if the same grade had been awarded to all group members. Based on these preliminary findings we conclude that peer assessment can be usefully and meaningfully employed to factor individual contributions into the grades awarded to students engaged in collaborative group work.