Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Histone Fold Subunits of Drosophila CHRAC Facilitate Nucleosome Sliding through Dynamic DNA Interactions

ABSTRACT The chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC) is an abundant, evolutionarily conserved nucleosome remodeling machinery able to catalyze histone octamer sliding on DNA. CHRAC differs from the related ACF complex by the presence of two subunits with molecular masses of 14 and 16 kDa, whose structure and function were not known. We determined the structure of Drosophila melanogaster CHRAC14-CHRAC16 by X-ray crystallography at 2.4-Å resolution and found that they dimerize via a variant histone fold in a typical handshake structure. In further analogy to histones, CHRAC14-16 contain unstructured N- and C-terminal tail domains that protrude from the handshake structure. A dimer of CHRAC14-16 can associate with the N terminus of ACF1, thereby completing CHRAC. Low-affinity interactions of CHRAC14-16 with DNA significantly improve the efficiency of nucleosome mobilization by limiting amounts of ACF. Deletion of the negatively charged C terminus of CHRAC16 enhances DNA binding 25-fold but leads to inhibition of nucleosome sliding, in striking analogy to the effect of the DNA chaperone HMGB1 on nucleosome sliding. The presence of a surface compatible with DNA interaction and the geometry of an H2A-H2B heterodimer may provide a transient acceptor site for DNA dislocated from the histone surface and therefore facilitate the nucleosome remodeling process.
Fat, Four‐Eyed, and Female: Stereotypes of Obesity, Glasses, and Gender

In a between-subjects design, 46 male and 101 female Australian university students rated a target person described as male or female, overweight or average weight, and wearing glasses or not, on twelve 7-point rating scales. As predicted, a negative stereotype of the overweight person and a complex one of the person with glasses were found. However, there was no significant effect of sex of target except on the ratings of masculine and feminine and no interaction of sex of target with either the glasses or obesity variables. Nor did sex of subject influence the ratings. The results suggest that, although stereotypes of obesity and glasses do exist, they may be as severe for men as for women.
Developing Self-Authorship: Exploring the Experiences of High-Risk College Students

Through interviews with 35 high-risk college students, the author examines two questions: (a) To what degree do high-risk college students possess self-authoring ways of knowing? and (b) What types of experiences are associated with development of self-authoring ways of knowing? Findings suggest high-risk college students often develop self-authoring ways of knowing prior to enrollment in college, especially if the students possess low levels of privilege. Self-authoring ways of knowing appear to arise from students' willingness to process provocative interpersonal experiences. A model of self-authorship is presented to illustrate these high-risk students' self-authoring processes.
Solution Structure of the Mature HIV-1 Protease Monomer

We present the first solution structure of the HIV-1 protease monomer spanning the region Phe1–Ala95 (PR1–95). Except for the terminal regions (residues 1–10 and 91–95) that are disordered, the tertiary fold of the remainder of the protease is essentially identical to that of the individual subunit of the dimer. In the monomer, the side chains of buried residues stabilizing the active site interface in the dimer, such as Asp25, Asp29, and Arg87, are now exposed to solvent. The flap dynamics in the monomer are similar to that of the free protease dimer. We also show that the protease domain of an optimized precursor flanked by 56 amino acids of the N-terminal transframe region is predominantly monomeric, exhibiting a tertiary fold that is quite similar to that of PR1–95 structure. This explains the very low catalytic activity observed for the protease prior to its maturation at its N terminus as compared with the mature protease, which is an active stable dimer under identical conditions. Adding as few as 2 amino acids to the N terminus of the mature protease significantly increases its dissociation into monomers. Knowledge of the protease monomer structure and critical features of its dimerization may aid in the screening and design of compounds that target the protease prior to its maturation from the Gag-Pol precursor.
MULTI‐STAGE SELECTION STRATEGIES: A MONTE CARLO INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE AND MINORITY HIRING

This study explores alternative selection strategies available when a firm has two valid predictors that differ in the magnitude of subgroup differences. We examine 14 different selection rules (e.g., select on a composite of the two predictors versus screen on the first and then select on the second versus screen on the first and then select on a composite of the two), and document through a Monte Carlo simulation that the various selection rules can produce markedly different consequences in terms of the level of job performance achieved and the level of minority representation achieved. The selection rules examined include the use of within-group norming, whichwas restricted by the Civil Rights Act of 1991, and the study examines how selection rules that do and do not include within-group norming fare in terms of the tradeoffs between performance and minority representation. The study shows that the preferred selection strategy will depend on the relative value the firm places on performance and on minority representation, and that the effects of different screen-then-select selection strategies vary as a result of the selection ratios at the screening and selection stages, thus precluding simple conclusions about the merits of each selection strategy.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication by Cell-penetrating Peptides Binding

From the ‡Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5161, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, Allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France, §Société de Pharmacologie et d’Immunologie-BIO, c/o Service de Neurovirologie, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Direction des Sciences du Vivant/Département de Recherche Médicale (DSV/DRM), Centre de Recherche du Service de Santé des Armées (CRSSA), Ecole Pratique de Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Université Paris XI, 18, route du Panorama, B. P. 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France, and ¶Service de Neurovirologie, CEA, DSV/DRM, CRSSA, EPHE, Université Paris XI, 18, route du Panorama, B. P. 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
Virtual platforms: Breaking new grounds

The case for developing and using virtual platforms (VPs) has now been made. If developers of complex HW/SW systems are not using VPs for their current design, complexity of next generation designs demands for their adoption. In addition, the users of these complex systems are asking either for virtual or real platforms in order to develop and validate the software that runs on them, in context with the hardware that is used to deliver some of the functionality. Debugging the erroneous interactions of events and state in a modern platform when things go wrong is hard enough on a VP; on a real platform (such as an emulator or FPGA-based prototype) it can become impossible unless a new level of sophistication is offered. The priority now is to ensure that the capabilities of these platforms meet the requirements of every application domain for electronics and software-based product design. And to ensure that all the use cases are satisfied. A key requirement is to keep pace with Moore's Law and the ever increasing embedded SW complexity by providing novel simulation technologies in every product release. This paper summarizes a special session focused on the latest applications and latest use cases for VPs. It gives an overview of where this technology is going and the impact on complex system design and verification.
Measurement of Physical Activity

This paper describes the problem of measuring physical activity in free-living populations, a premier challenge facing investigators trying to understand exercise adherence and its impact on public health. Valid methods of assessing physical activity are required that are unobtrusive, practical to administer, and specific about the type, frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity, Existing methods can be categorized according to whether they measure a direct or indirect (e.g., self-report) observation of physical activity, energy expenditure, a physiological response during physical activity. a physiological adaptation to physical activity, or motion. On balance, self-reponof physical activity offers the most practical and cost-effective method for use in population based studies. Several objective methods such as direct observation. doubly labeled water. heart rate monitors, accelerometers, and change in fitness provide standards of comparison for the validation of self-reports. No single “gold standard” exists for judging the validity of physical activity measures. Hence, the methods chosen to assess physical activity may vary according to the nature of the research question being addressed.
Perceived procedural justice and employee responses to an organizational merger

This study investigated the effects of procedural justice perceptions on employee responses to an organizational merger. On the basis of research on organizational justice and the social psychological theory of intergroup relations, our main hypothesis was that perceived justice of the merger implementation is positively related to post-merger organizational identification and perceptions of common ingroup identity. post-merger identification and common ingroup identity, in turn, were hypothesized to be related to positive attitudes towards the employees of the merger partner and to extra-role behaviour. Results based on a sample of 189 employees from a merged organization indicated partial support for our hypotheses. Implications for further research and merger management are discussed.
Novel word learning and its relation to working memory and language in children with mild-to-moderate hearing impairment and children with specific language impairment

Twelve children with mild/moderate hearing impairment (HI) and 12 children with specific language impairment (SLI), 5 – 9 years old, were assessed in order to compare novel word learning and to study cognitive and linguistic predictors for word learning. There was no significant difference on novel word learning between the groups. The strongest predictor for novel word learning was a lexical measure. When 22 of the participants were categorized as high versus low performing children, the children with HI and SLI were equally distributed. Low performers on novel word learning were significantly poorer on non-word repetition, lexicon and language comprehension than high performers. Our data are inconclusive as to the influence of hearing levels in children with HI as a group, but individual results indicate sensory as well cognitive mechanisms behind poor word learning. Generally, our data support earlier findings showing that novel word learning is easier the richer the child's vocabulary and the better the phonological short-term memory.
Dreaming of Seamless Borders: ICTs and the Pre-Emptive Governance of Mobility in Europe

A recent trend in migration policy in Europe is the increased use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for border control purposes. A growing academic literature explains the digitisation of border controls as an instance of the post-9/11 securitisation of migration policy. This paper re-examines why European states are digitising their border controls, and then explores how ‘pre-emptive mobility governance’ works. Although security imperatives play a role in accelerating digitisation, a securitisation framing obscures continuities with pre-9/11 practices and underplays other policy drivers. Pre-emptive mobility governance is best characterised as a digital-era version of ‘remote control’, and is shaped by other organisational and political rationales—first, instrumental beliefs about the efficiency gains of border technologies; second, their symbolic role in the context of the domestic politicisation of immigration. The paper then considers how ICTs are reshaping the tools of mobility governance, enabling three distinct modes of pre-emptive detection and effect.
Performance evaluation of CDMA reverse links with imperfect beamforming in a multicell environment using a simplified beamforming model

Reverse link capacity of a direct-sequence codedivision multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system in a multicell environment has been studied recently, and significant capacity improvements due to the use of beamforming have been observed. However, system performance with beamforming will be affected by several impairments, such as direction of arrival estimation errors, array perturbations, mutual coupling, and signal spatial spreads. In this paper, reverse link performance of CDMA systems with beamforming under these impairments (imperfect beamforming) is investigated. A simplified beamforming model is developed to evaluate the system performance in terms of user capacity, bit-error rates (BER), and outage probabilities. Both signal-to-interference-ratio-based power control and strengthbased power control are considered in this paper. The capacity and BER degradations due to different impairments are shown, and outage probabilities under different power control schemes are examined
Leisure Connections: Benefits and Challenges of Participating in a Social Recreation Group for People With Early Dementia

This qualitative study explored the impact of a community-based social recreation group for people with early dementia, focusing on experiences and perceptions of the participants themselves. Ten interviews and 40 hours of observation were conducted. Analysis revealed seven themes: Everybody gets along really well; it's more fun than anything; we're all old-timers and we know what that means; you can be yourself; you feel like you're wanted; coming alive; it's like a stepping stone. These findings confirm that people with early dementia have a unique perspective as service users, and that social recreation can fill an important gap in services for this growing population.
Zur Zuverlässigkeitsmodellierung von Hardware-Software-Systemen On the Reliability Modeling of Hardware-Software-Systems

Zur Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse von Hardware-Software-Systemen ist ein Systemmodell notwendig, welches sowohl Struktur und Architektur der Hardware als auch die ausgeführte Funktion betrachtet. Wird einer dieser Aspekte des Gesamtsystems vernachlässigt, kann sich eine zu optimische oder zu konservative Schätzung der Zuverlässigkeit ergeben. Ein reines Strukturmodell der Hardware erlaubt, den Einfluss von logischer und struktureller Fehlermaskierung auf die Fehlerhäufigkeit der Hardware zu bestimmen. Allerdings kann ein solches Modell nicht die Fehlerhäufigkeit des Gesamtsystems hinreichend genau schätzen. Die Ausführung der Funktion auf dem System führt zu speziellen Nutzungsund Kommunikationsmustern der Systemkomponenten, die zu erhöhter oder verminderter Anfälligkeit gegenüber Fehlern führen. Diese Arbeit motiviert die Modellierung funktionaler Aspekte zusammen mit der Struktur des Systems. Mittels Fehlerinjektion und Simulation wird der starke Einfluss der Funktion auf die Fehleranfälligkeit des Systems aufgezeigt. Die vorgestellte Methodik, funktionale Aspekte mit in die Zuverlässigkeitsmodellierung einzubinden, verspricht eine realistischere Bewertung von Hardware-Software-Systemen.
Treating depression with cannabinoids

Although a variety of drugs are available for the treatment of depression, therapy is not effective in all cases and finding alternative options is desirable. Results from animal studies, anecdotal experience reported by patients using cannabis and observations from clinical studies where cannabinoids were used in serious diseases suggest an anti-depressive potential of cannabinoid receptor agonists. From 2003 to 2006, 75 patients suffering from depression, stress and burnout syndrome were successfully treated in a practice for general medicine with the cannabis ingredient dronabinol, alone or in combination with other antidepressants. Two case studies will be presented. The presented observations suggest that dronabinol has an antidepressive potential that can readily be used in medical practice.
Cyberbullying: causes, effects, and remedies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present research exploring the pervasiveness and causes of cyberbullying, the psychological impact on students, and the responses to cyberbullying from students and administrators. The goal is to give school leaders a greater understanding of this phenomenon and suggest steps to deal with this challenging issue.Design/methodology/approach – The data are collected from 351 students using a survey, which contains limited choice, scaled response, and open‐ended questions. This qualitative/quantitative design enables collection of data from a large population along with rich qualitative data that expand and explain students' experiences.Findings – The paper reveals that cyberbullying emerges most commonly from relationship problems (break‐ups, envy, intolerance, and ganging up); victims experience powerfully negative effects (especially on their social well‐being); and the reactive behavior from schools and students is generally inappropriate, absent, or ineffective.R.
Social and Environmental Psychology

Linkage between social and environmental psychology is illustrated through examination of the theoretical and empirical implications of a concept of "group space" defined as collectively inhabited and socioculturally controlled physical settings. This concept is applied to three levels of environmental settings, that is, school buildings, a university cafeteria, and urban residential areas. Such social-dynamic processes as group territorialities, group conflicts, social regulation of space-use, formation of group identity, and differentiation of public, semipublic, and private space were situated in physical environmental contexts. Three pilot studies revealed that (a) social space such as cafeteria and school buildings are differentiated and hierarchically integrated in terms of multifaceted group space depending on the social group, (b) groups exhibited different space-maintaining strategies and rules that strengthen socialization of group members, and (c) radical changes in the physical environment of a community initiated group-conflicts and renegotiation of group space.
Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Concentrations of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 in Cervicovaginal Fluid

Objective: We investigated to see the effect of antibiotics on interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in cervicovaginal fluid in patients with premature rupture of the membranes. Study Design: Cervicovaginal fluid was sampled on admission and before delivery for measurement of IL-6 and IL-8 from 31 patients with less than 35 weeks of gestation. Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by ELISA. Results: The concentrations of IL-6 in cervicovaginal fluid in patients who were delivered because of clinical chorioamnionitis with antibiotics (n = 6) were significantly higher than in patients who were delivered because of active labor with (n = 14, p = 0.0133) and without antibiotics (n = 11, p = 0.0067). A significant change in the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in cervicovaginal fluid was not observed in patients with and without antibiotics who were delivered because of active labor. Conclusions: The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in cervicovaginal fluid might be influenced by the presence of clinical chorioamnionitis, but not by antibiotic administration.
Classifying and Forecasting Coastal Upwellings in Lake Michigan Using Satellite Derived Temperature Images and Buoy Data

ABSTRACT Coastal upwellings are common in the Great Lakes but have lacked enumeration and systematic classification of spatial extent, frequency, duration, and magnitude. Near real-time sea surface temperature (SST) images derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) provide indices of upwelling events, but visual inspection of daily images can be tedious. Moreover, the definition of what constitutes an upwelling from AVHRR data is subjective. We developed a semi-automated method to classify upwellings during the period of thermal stratification using daily, cloud-free surface temperature charts from AVHRR SST data. Then we statistically evaluated the location, frequency, magnitude, extent, and duration of upwelling events in Lake Michigan from 1992–2000. Further, we analyzed meteorological data from the National Data Buoy Center buoys in an attempt to improve the reliability of the classification and to provide a means for future forecast of coastal upwelling. Although variable, upwelling events along the western shoreline were preceded by 4 days of southerly and west-to-north-westerly winds, while upwelling events occurring along the eastern shore were preceded by 4 days of northerly winds. Probability of an upwelling event occurring was a function of the direction-weighted wind speed, reaching a 100% probability at direction weighted wind speeds of 11 m s−1 for the western shore. Probability of an upwelling occurrence along the east coast reached 73% at 11 m s−1 and 100% at 13 m s−1. Continuous measurements of wind data with a sufficient temporal resolution are required during the entire upwelling season to improve the predictability of upwellings.
Consumptive water use to feed humanity - curing a blind spot

Abstract. Since in large parts of the world it is getting difficult to meet growing water demands by mobilising more water, the discourse has turned its focus to demand management, governance and the necessary concern for aquatic ecosystems by reserving an "environmental flow" in the river. The latter calls for attention to river depletion which may be expected in response to changes in consumptive water use by both natural and anthropogenic systems. Basically, consumptive use has three faces: runoff generation influenced by land cover changes; consumptive use of water withdrawn; and evaporation from water systems (reservoirs, canals, river based cooling). After demonstrating the vulnerability to changes in consumptive use under savanna region conditions - representative of many poverty and hunger prone developing countries subject to attention in the Millennium Development Goal activities - the paper exemplifies; 1) changes in runoff generation in response to regional scale land cover changes; 2) consumptive use in large scale irrigation systems. It goes on to analyse the implications of seeing food as a human right by estimating the additional consumptive use requirements to produce food for the next two generations. Attention is paid to remaining degrees of freedom in terms of uncommitted water beyond an environmental flow reserve and to potential food trade consequences (so-called virtual water). The paper concludes that a human-right-to-food principle will have major consequences in terms of altered consumptive water use. It will therefore be essential for humanity to address river depletion to avoid loss of resilience of the life support system. This will demand a deep-going cooperation between hydrology, ecology and water governance.