Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling: Triggers, Pathways, and Outcomes

Mitochondria are essential organelles for eukaryotic homeostasis. Although these organelles possess their own DNA, the vast majority (>99%) of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus. This situation makes systems that allow the communication between mitochondria and the nucleus a requirement not only to coordinate mitochondrial protein synthesis during biogenesis but also to communicate eventual mitochondrial malfunctions, triggering compensatory responses in the nucleus. Mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling has been described in various organisms, albeit with differences in effector pathways, molecules, and outcomes, as discussed in this review.
Simulated apprenticeship for pre-service Filipino teachers

The delivery of teacher education courses often for the most part deal with the visible parts of knowledge, the "know-what", which is often disconnected from the tacit knowledge, the "know-how", required in authentic teaching environments. It could be argued that would-be teachers do undergo practice teaching as part of their preparations and before becoming licensed professionals but said experience could be very brief. Said transitory period of practice-teaching may not be enough to internalize the range of skills and strategies that the new teachers need in facing the rigors of the real classroom setting. The purpose of this empirical study is to explore the impact of simSchool, a computer-based classroom simulator to the pedagogical style and expertise of pre-service Filipino teachers. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design. Purposefully, the study involved thirty (30) randomly selected practicum teacher education senior students. Two Likert-type survey instruments were used in the study and qualitative data were as well collected through teaching reflections and focus group discussions to supplement the quantitative data. For the statistical analyses, descriptive statistics were determined, PairedSamples t Tests was used to determine pre-post differences within groups and Cohen’s d was used to determine effect sizes across measurement indices. Findings of the study revealed that simschool enhanced the pedagogical style and proficiency of the pre-service teachers and interestingly could complement effectually the in-placed practicum course. These suggest the promising progressive impact of simSchool, if adapted, to the existing teacher education program.
Library of random number generators based on SSE command set

Pseudo random numbers, generated recursively by deterministic rules, represent one of important ingredients in algorithms for numerical simulations such as molecular dynamics and of Monte Carlo simulations, widely used in physics, chemistry, material science and cryptography [1]. It is a great challenge to design random number generators (RNGs) producing pseudo random numbers that behave as realizations of independent uniformly distributed random variables and approximate “true randomness” [2]. In the contribution we present a library of modern and most reliable RNGs known today. Namely, the realizations of the modern generators MT19937, MRG32k3a, LFSR113, GM19-SSE, GM31-SSE and GM61-SSE are presented. MT19937 is the 2002 version of the Mersenne Twister generator of Matsumoto and Nishimira [3], which is based on the recent generalizations to the GFSR method. MRG32k3a is the combined multiple recursive generator proposed in [4], and LFSR113 is the combined Tausworthe generator of L’Ecuyer [5]. The generators GM19-SSE, GM31-SSE and GM61-SSE are based on evolution of an ensemble of chaotic dynamical systems [6]. An important feature of our library is the ability to speed up the algorithms using Streaming SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) Extensions 2 (SSE2) technology, introduced in Intel Pentium 4 processors in 2001 [7], and also supported by AMD starting with their Opteron and Athlon 64 ranges of AMD64 64-bit CPUs in 2003. It allows to use 128-bit XMM-registers in a single operation to accelerate computations. In particular, for several operations, it allows simultaneous processing for four 32-bit numbers. Similar technique was previously used for implementing several RNGs [8, 6]. In the present work we demonstrate that this approach can essentially speed up most RNGs. We present library of the generators and of their SSE2 realizations.
Eye-Tracking in the Real World: Insights About the Urban Environment

Visual behaviour provides an objective and measurable indication of cognitive processes and perceptions that may otherwise be difficult to assess. The development of eye-tracking technology has allowed the accurate and relatively convenient measurement of visual behaviour. Most research using this technology has been based in a laboratory setting. This is not without good reason, as eye-tracking ‘in the wild’—in real, naturalistic, and outdoor settings—poses logistical and methodological difficulties. One particular limitation that afflicts eye-tracking research, including real-world eye-tracking, is the difficulty in directly attributing attention to what is being looked at. This chapter presents three case studies that illustrate the use of eye-tracking in real-world settings with attempts to overcome this limitation. The chapter concludes by discussing the future direction of eye-tracking research, including how to integrate it with multisensory experiences, its use in conjunction with virtual reality technology, and its implications for urban planning and environmental design.
The Apolipoprotein B/AI Ratio and the Metabolic Syndrome Independently Predict Risk for Myocardial Infarction in Middle-Aged Men

Background—Both the metabolic syndrome and an increased apolipoprotein B/AI (apoB/AI) ratio are powerful risk factors for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that the apoB/AI ratio well-characterizes the dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and investigated those relations and if the apoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome independently predicted subsequent myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results—A community-based sample of 1826 men aged 50 was investigated at baseline and again at age 70. ApoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program definition) were evaluated, and the incidence of fatal and nonfatal MI was followed for a median of 26.8 years from the age 50 baseline. ApoB/AI ratio was significantly higher in men with versus without the metabolic syndrome (P<0.0001), and increased with the number of components defining the syndrome (P<0.0001). ApoB/AI ratio was inversely related to euglycemic insulin clamp glucose disposal rate at age 70 (r=−0.34, P<0.0001). During follow-up from age 50, 462 subjects developed an MI. An apoB/AI ratio>=0.9 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.91) and presence of the metabolic syndrome (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.21) at baseline were independent predictors for MI, adjusting for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and smoking. Conclusion—The apoB/AI ratio was related to the metabolic syndrome, as well as to a direct measurement of insulin resistance. Despite this, the apoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome were both independent long-term predictors of MI in a community-based sample of middle-aged men.
Plakophilin-2 Mutations Are the Major Determinant of Familial Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy

Background— Mutations in the plakophilin-2 gene (PKP2) have been found in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Hence, genetic screening can potentially be a valuable tool in the diagnostic workup of patients with ARVC. Methods and Results— To establish the prevalence and character of PKP2 mutations and to study potential differences in the associated phenotype, we evaluated 96 index patients, including 56 who fulfilled the published task force criteria. In addition, 114 family members from 34 of these 56 ARVC index patients were phenotyped. In 24 of these 56 ARVC patients (43%), 14 different (11 novel) PKP2 mutations were identified. Four different mutations were found more than once; haplotype analyses revealed identical haplotypes in the different mutation carriers, suggesting founder mutations. No specific genotype–phenotype correlations could be identified, except that negative T waves in V2 and V3 occurred more often in PKP2 mutation carriers (P<0.05). Of the 34 index patients whose family members were phenotyped, 23 familial cases were identified. PKP2 mutations were identified in 16 of these 23 ARVC index patients (70%) with familial ARVC. On the other hand, no PKP2 mutations at all were found in 11 probands without additional affected family members (P<0.001). Conclusions— PKP2 mutations can be identified in nearly half of the Dutch patients fulfilling the ARVC criteria. In familial ARVC, even the vast majority (70%) is caused by PKP2 mutations. However, nonfamilial ARVC is not related to PKP2. The high yield of mutational analysis in familial ARVC is unique in inherited cardiomyopathies.
Generating Random Terms in Beta Normal Form of the Simply-Typed Lambda Calculus

We can use randomly generated lambda calculus terms to perform statistical sampling experiments or to serve as inputs for term manipulation algorithms. In [6], we investigated the problem of generating lambda calculus terms uniformly at random, assuming a uniform distribution over all terms of a given size. However, size is not the only useful criterion that should be considered and often, size alone is too broad to limit the sample space effectively. Instead, we would like to consider additional criteria and the negations of criteria such as context, typability, type, and signature. In this report, we use simple types as a guide and focus on generating closed terms in β-normal form of a given size and a given type.
Stroke and use of low-dose oral contraceptives in young women: a pooled analysis of two US studies.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The available data on low-dose oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use and stroke risk in US women are limited by small numbers. We sought more precise estimates by conducting a pooled analysis of data from 2 US population-based case-control studies. METHODS We analyzed interview data from 175 ischemic stroke cases, 198 hemorrhagic stroke cases, and 1191 control subjects 18 to 44 years of age. RESULTS For ischemic stroke, the pooled odds ratio (pOR) adjusted for stroke risk factors for current use of low-dose OCPs compared with women who had never used OCP (never users) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 1.47) and compared with women not currently using OCPs (nonusers) the pOR was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.54 to 2.21). For hemorrhagic stroke, the pOR for current use of low-dose OCPs compared with never users was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.93) and compared with nonusers the pOR was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.61 to 2.01). The pORs for current low-dose OCP use and either stroke type were not elevated among women who were >/=35 years, cigarette smokers, obese, or not receiving medical therapy for hypertension. pORs for current low-dose OCP use were 2.08 (95% CI, 1. 19 to 3.65) for ischemic stroke and 2.15 (95% CI, 0.85 to 5.45) for hemorrhagic stroke among women reporting a history of migraine but were not elevated among women without such a history. Past OCP use (irrespective of formulation) was inversely related to ischemic stroke but unrelated to hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Women who use low-dose OCPs are, in the aggregate, not at increased risk of stroke. Studies are needed to clarify the risk of stroke among users who may be susceptible on the basis of age, smoking, obesity, hypertension, or migraine history.
Predictors of dementia and mortality in Down’s syndrome

textabstractDown’s syndrome (DS) is a common genetic disorder affecting around 1 in 800 live births in the human population. The syndrome was first described by Down in 1866, in which he marked a collection of symptoms observed in 10% of the children with intellectual disability1. In 1959 Lejeune, Gautier and Turpin discovered the relation between DS and the triplication of chromosome 212. The diagnosis of DS is made by chromosome analysis, which can be initiated prenatally or postnatally based on the characteristic appearance of the newborn child. Down syndrome is in 95% of the cases caused by the presence of an entire extra copy of chromosome 21. A small number, 4% of the cases, have a partial trisomy, resulting from a translocation, and the attachment of an extra long arm of chromosome 21 to chromosome 14, 21 or 22. These infrequent cases have allowed the definition of the Down Syndrome Critical Region (DSCR) of chromosome 21 within the q22 region (about 5.4Mb in length)3 that includes a subset of genes that, when present in three copies, results in the major phenotypic features of DS, including the characteristic facial appearance, congenital heart disease, and intellectual disability4. Less than 1% of the cases are caused by mosaicisme, where some, but not all cells are trisomic.
Steganographic Technique Using Secure Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching for Embedding Multiple Data Types in Images

Steganography is one of the newly emerging area of development in the field of signal processing. It is the technique of hiding the fact that communication is even taking place, by hiding information in any other information. In this paper, a secure data-hiding method is proposed for hiding multiple datatypes such as text, image and audio within images by Secure Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching(SAPPM) which can be effectively used for colour images as well as gray scale images. The secret message is encrypted using a pseudo random sequence, which is generated according to the secret key given by the user. The encrypted secret message is hidden in cover image using SAPPM algorithm. Compared with previous methods like Least Significant Bit(LSB) substituition, simple Diamond Encoding(DE) and APPM, the proposed method provides a much more stronger algorithm which incorporates cryptography along with steganography, and always have a lower distortion.
The Impact of Structural Approach on Knowledge Management Practice (KMP) at Malaysian University Libraries

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the factors that support of Knowledge Management Practice (KmP) at Malaysian university libraries. Many preceding studies outline the theoretical case for Knowledge Management. The current study seeks to explore whether knowledge creation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge capture and knowledge sharing may possibly have a significant associate factors in knowledge management practice at university libraries. Finally, this paper intend to linked with the current thinking and research findings related to knowledge management to develop a purpose theoretical framework explaining the associate with knowledge management practice. The knowledge contribution of this research will be employ to elaborate and integrate using Structural Equation Model (SEM) for some of the factors that can influence the knowledge management practices. The expected outcome of the theoretical framework also provides some direction for future additional research on Knowledge Management Practice (KMP) and Library Users' Satisfaction (LUS) at Malaysian university libraries.
Model-based management of security services in complex network environments

The security mechanisms employed in current networked environments are increasingly complex, and their configuration management has an important role for the protection of these environments. Especially in large scale networks, security administrators are faced with the challenge of designing, deploying, maintaining and monitoring a huge number of mechanisms, most of which have complicated and heterogeneous configuration syntaxes. Consequently, configuration errors are nowadays a frequent cause of security vulnerabilities. This paper summarizes results from a doctoral thesis that offers an approach to the configuration management of network security systems specially suited to the needs of the complex environments of today's organizations. The approach relies upon policy-based management and model-based management, extending these approaches with a modeling framework that allows the design of security systems to be performed in a modular fashion. The model is segmented into logical units (so-called Abstract Subsystems) that enclose a group of security mechanisms and other relevant system entities, offering a more abstract representation of them. In this manner, the administrator is able to design a security system-including its different mechanism types and their mutual relations-by means of an abstract and uniform modeling technique. A software tool supports the approach, offering a diagram editor for models. After the model is complete, the tool performs an automated policy refinement, deriving configuration parameters for each security mechanism in the system.
IpaD Localizes to the Tip of the Type III Secretion System Needle of Shigella flexneri

ABSTRACT Shigella flexneri, the causative agent of shigellosis, is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that initiates infection by invading cells within the colonic epithelium. Contact with host cell surfaces induces a rapid burst of protein secretion via the Shigella type III secretion system (TTSS). The first proteins secreted are IpaD, IpaB, and IpaC, with IpaB and IpaC being inserted into the host cell membrane to form a pore for translocating late effectors into the target cell cytoplasm. The resulting pathogen-host cross talk results in localized actin polymerization, membrane ruffling, and, ultimately, pathogen entry. IpaD is essential for host cell invasion, but its role in this process is just now coming to light. IpaD is a multifunctional protein that controls the secretion and presentation of IpaB and IpaC at the pathogen-host interface. We show here that antibodies recognizing the surface-exposed N terminus of IpaD neutralize Shigella's ability to promote pore formation in erythrocyte membranes. We further show that MxiH and IpaD colocalize on the bacterial surface. When TTSS needles were sheared from the Shigella surface, IpaD was found at only the needle tips. Consistent with this, IpaD localized to the exposed tips of needles that were still attached to the bacterium. Molecular analyses then showed that the IpaD C terminus is required for this surface localization and function. Furthermore, mutations that prevent IpaD surface localization also eliminate all IpaD-related functions. Thus, this study demonstrates that IpaD localizes to the TTSA needle tip, where it functions to control the secretion and proper insertion of translocators into host cell membranes.
Self-determination theory and hearing rehabilitation: The role of motivation in help-seeking, hearing aid adoption and hearing aid fitting outcomes

ii Declaration by author . v Publications during candidature . vi Peer-reviewed papers . vi Conference presentations . vii Publications included in this thesis . viii Contributions by others to the thesis . x Statement of parts of the thesis submitted to qualify for the award of another degree . xi Acknowledgments . xii
Robust denoisingand moving shadows detectionin traffic scenes

Thispaperpresentsa workwehavedoneon themotiondetectionin thecontext of an outdoortraffic scenefor visual surveillancepurposes.Our motiondetectionalgorithm is basedbothon backgroundsubtractionandthreeframedifference. We proposequite innovativesolutionsfor denoising, blobsfilling and shadowdetectionwithout exploiting any a priori knowledge. Actually, methodspresentedhere havebeenfully setuponly for theformertechnique. Target sequenceis madeof 8-bits grey level still images,taken at 30 fps. This application worksoff line at 8 fps on a 800 MHzPentiumIII computer .
Improved performance at higher data rates of DSRC systems using a linear demapper

This paper proposes and designs a linear demapper which compares to a recently proposed non-linear demapper under different decoding schemes of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) receivers. Modelling and simulations are carried out under common mobile vehicular channel conditions. It can easily be seen that multipath and Doppler shift has a detrimental effect on the transmitted modulated messages. The effect of hard and soft demapper choice on BER performance of the DSRC Physical Layer (PHY) is shown for comparison. Digital and analog circuit elements are modeled and imperfections are taken into account in the simulations. Compared to the conventional system, our proposed system improves lower code rate demapping accuracy and substantially improves high code rate transmissions. Simulation results confirm that our proposed scheme can offer performance advantage of around a couple of orders of magnitude over both the conventional and non-linear demapper designs at higher data rates.
Challenges to Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions with Autism Spectrum Disorder Students

Challenges to Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions with Autism Spectrum Disorder Students by Kristy Singer-MacNair MA, State University of California, San Diego, 1975 BS, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1971 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University October 2017 Abstract Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have challenges with communication, social interactions, and behavior, which can limit their functioning in school settings. They need to have functional communication skills to access the curriculum and have their needs met across all social environments. Special education teachers often experience barriers to successful implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions appropriate for these students. The purpose of thisStudents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have challenges with communication, social interactions, and behavior, which can limit their functioning in school settings. They need to have functional communication skills to access the curriculum and have their needs met across all social environments. Special education teachers often experience barriers to successful implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions appropriate for these students. The purpose of this case study was to understand how special education teachers experience AAC intervention processes, and illuminate the conditions for effective AAC implementation. A qualitative case study was conducted using interviews from 6 credentialed special education teachers who worked with ASD students for a minimum of 2 years in a school district in a western state. Coding and thematic analysis of data from interviews and work journals was conducted using Ely’s condition of change theory as a framework. Findings for teachers’ perspectives of conditions needed to successfully implement an AAC intervention reflected the need for more time, resources, knowledge and skills, and investment from stakeholders. Recommendations included provision of resources to special education teachers for autism specific materials, on-going autism specific training and assistance, additional time for preparation and related duties necessary for working with these students. Future research on overall strengthening of AAC interventions and overcoming challenges for change is needed. Results of this study might assist schools in empowering ASD students by facilitating their functional communication skills, involvement, learning and academic opportunities across social environments. Challenges to Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions with Autism Spectrum Disorder Students by Kristy Singer-MacNair MA, State University of California, San Diego, 1975 BS, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1971 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education