Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving adhesive behavior of fiber reinforced composites by incorporating electrospun Polyamide-6,6 nanofibers in joining region

Adhesive joining of fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite components is demanded in various industrial applications. However, the joining locations frequently suffer from adhesive bond failure between adhesive and adherent. The aim of the present study is improving bonding behavior of adhesive joints by electrospun nanofiber coatings on the prepreg surfaces that have been used for composite manufacturing. Secondary bonding of woven and unidirectional CFRP parts was selected since this configuration is preferred commonly in aerospace practices. The optimum nanofiber coating with a low average fiber diameter and areal weight density is succeed by studying various solution concentrations and spinning durations of the polyamide-6.6 (PA 66) electrospinning. We obtained homogeneous and beadles nanofiber productions. As a result, an average diameter of 36.50 ± 12 nm electrospun nanofibers were obtained and coated onto the prepreg surfaces. Prepreg systems with/without PA 66 nanofibers were hot pressed to fabricate the CFRP composite laminates. The single-lap shear test coupons were prepared from the fabricated laminates to examine the effects of PA 66 nanofibers on the mechanical properties of the joint region of the composites. The single-lap shear test results showed that the bonding strength is improved by about 40% with minimal adhesive use due to the presence of the electrospun nanofibers within the joint region. The optical and SEM images of fractured surfaces showed that nanofiber-coated joints exhibited a coherent failure while the bare surfaces underwent adhesive failure. The PA66 nanofibers created better coupling between the adhesive and the composite surface by increasing the surface area and roughness. As a result, electrospun nanofibers turned adhesive failure into cohesive and enhanced the adhesion performance composite joints substantially.
Energy-Efficient Collaborative Multi-Access Edge Computing via Deep Reinforcement Learning

The joint problem of task offloading, collaborative computing, and resource allocation for multi-access edge computing (MEC) is a challenging issue. In this article, splitting computing tasks at MEC servers through collaboration among MEC servers and a cloud server, we investigate the joint problem of collaborative task offloading and resource allocation. A collaborative task offloading, computing resource allocation, and subcarrier and power allocation problem in MEC is formulated. The goal is to minimize the total energy consumption of the MEC system while satisfying a delay constraint. The formulated problem is a nonconvex mixed-integer optimization problem. In order to solve the problem, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based bilevel optimization framework. The task offloading decision, computing collaboration decision, and power and subcarriers allocation subproblems are solved at the upper level, whereas the computing resource allocation subproblem is solved at the lower level. We combine dueling-DQN and double-DQN and add adaptive parameter space noise to improve DRL performance in MEC. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves near-optimal performance in energy efficiency and task completion rate compared with other DRL-based approaches and other benchmark schemes under various network parameter settings.
Nonlinear waves in stratified Taylor--Couette flow. Part 1. Layer formation

This paper is the first part of a two-fold study of mixing, i.e. the formation of layers and upwelling of buoyancy, in axially stratified Taylor--Couette flow, with fixed outer cylinder. Using linear analysis and direct numerical simulation, we show the critical role played by non-axisymmetric instability modes, despite the fact that the flow is centrifugally unstable in the sense of Rayleigh's criterion. Interactions between helical modes of opposite handedness leads to the formation of nonlinear coherent structures: (mixed)-ribbons and (mixed)-cross-spirals. These give birth to complex density interface patterns, seemingly appearing and disappearing periodically as the coherent structure slowly rotates around the annulus. These coherent structures seem to be responsible for the formation of layers reported in a recent experiment by Oglethorpe et al. (2013). We distinguish `dynamic layering', instantaneous, localized and caused by the vortical motions, from `static layering' corresponding to the formation of a `staircase profile' in the adiabatically sorted background density. The latter only occurs at large enough Schmidt number, revealing the significant impact of the Schmidt number in the layering process.
Experimental Research on the Influences of Head Shape and Surface Properties on the Water Entry Cavity

Addressing the problem of the influence of surface properties on the cavity in the process of a moving body entering water, especially the problems of water entry speed and the cavitation evolution of the round-head, air-delivered projectile that has many practical applications, a self-designed launch platform and high-speed camera were used, and the MK46 was used as a prototype to conduct scaled model experiments with different head form types and different surface properties. This paper describes the general process of the moving body entering the water and the generation of the cavity. The relationship between the re-injection flow, the local cavity number and the cavity stability is discussed. At the same time, the effects of head shape, launch velocity and surface wettability on the cavity evolution and motion characteristics were analyzed, including 0°, 57°, 70°, 90° and 180° hemispherical angle-head projectiles with speeds of 2.2 m/s and 3.95 m/s, so as to observe the cavity development and ballistics. The results show that hydrophobic surfaces are more prone to cavities when entering water vertically at low speeds. The influencing factors of water entry ballistics are often the combined effects of head shape, water entry speed and water entry angle. The speed of the hydrophilic surface models with head hemisphere angles of 57 degrees and 70 degrees entering the water is the fastest. This provides a reference for us to design the shape of the projectile. The internal relationship between the cavity shape and the ballistic characteristics is based on the premise that the cavity will complicate the force on the model. The cavity affects the ballistic characteristics of the model by affecting the forces on the model.
A PRECISE MASS MEASUREMENT OF THE INTERMEDIATE-MASS BINARY PULSAR PSR J1802 − 2124

PSR J1802 − 2124 is a 12.6 ms pulsar in a 16.8 hr binary orbit with a relatively massive white dwarf (WD) companion. These properties make it a member of the intermediate-mass class of binary pulsar (IMBP) systems. We have been timing this pulsar since its discovery in 2002. Concentrated observations at the Green Bank Telescope, augmented with data from the Parkes and Nançay observatories, have allowed us to determine the general relativistic Shapiro delay. This has yielded pulsar and WD mass measurements of 1.24 ± 0.11 M☉ and 0.78 ± 0.04 M☉ (68% confidence), respectively. The low mass of the pulsar, the high mass of the WD companion, the short orbital period, and the pulsar spin period may be explained by the system having gone through a common-envelope phase in its evolution. We argue that selection effects may contribute to the relatively small number of known IMBPs.
Buckling of orthotropic plates with the two free edges loaded for the pure in-plane bending moment

The buckling problem of rectangular plates involving two opposite edges loaded with distributed stress has been studied for a long time. Bubnov [1] and Timoshenko [2] were the first who solved this problem for isotropic plates. The same buckling problem of orthotropic plates was solved by Lekhnitskii [3]. These classical solutions in the form of trigonometric series are obtained for plates with simplysupported edges. The Ritz energy method is used to define critical loads because the partial differential equation of stability involving the floating factor makes integration difficult. Reddy [4] and Whitney [5] used the Ritz method for solving this buckling problem of composite plates with simplysupported edges loaded even with compressed stress. Therefore, the buckling of plates was studied mostly in widespread boundary conditions i.e. simply-supported edges. There is only one reference to Nolke’s paper [6] in Bloom and Coffin’s manual [7], in which the same problem is solved for the plate with two clamped edges. So we have decided to solve the buckling problem of the orthotropic plate with two free and two simply-supported edges loaded for the pure in-plane bending moment. We have not been solving the buckling problem of orthotropic plate loaded for line-distributed forces due to the limits. The solutions for buckling of orthotropic plate loaded for even compressed forces are given in Leissa’s manual [8]. In our research the solution of an original equation for stability analysis is based on the Levy-type solution procedure. It allows the reduction of partial differential equation to ordinary differential equation. The latter is solved by the finite difference method. Linear homogeneous algebraic combined equations had been used. The determination of the critical load is reduced to the calculation of buckling coefficient corresponding to minimal eigenvalue of combined equations. The solutions for isotropic plate buckling and symmetrically reinforced orthotropic plate had been obtained as well. The buckling solution.We have considered an orthotropic plate the middle plane of which is corresponds to the Cartesian coordinates xy. The dimensions of the plate are a and b as shown in the figure below. Edges along the y = 0 and y = b are free, and edges loaded with the line-distributed stress along the x = 0 and x = a are simply-supported. The load distribution corresponds to two bending in-plane moments. The equation for the stability analysis of orthotropic plate is given as follows
ANN and SSO Algorithms for a Newly Developed Flexible Grid Trading Model

In the modern era, the trading methods and strategies used in the financial market have gradually changed from traditional on-site trading to electronic remote trading, and even online automatic trading performed by pre-programmed computer programs. This is due to the conduct of trading automatically and self-adjustment in financial markets becoming a competitive development trend in the entire financial market, with the continuous development of network and computer computing technology. Quantitative trading aims to automatically form a fixed and quantifiable operational logic from people’s investment decisions and apply it to the financial market, which has attracted the attention of the financial market. The development of self-adjustment programming algorithms for automatically trading in financial markets has transformed to being a top priority for academic research and financial practice. Thus, a new flexible grid trading model incorporating the Simplified Swarm Optimization (SSO) algorithm for optimizing parameters for various market situations as input values and the Fully Connected Neural Network (FNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model for training a quantitative trading model for automatically calculating and adjusting the optimal trading parameters for trading after inputting the existing market situation are developed and studied in this work. The proposed model provides a self-adjust model to reduce investors’ effort in the trading market, obtains outperformed Return of Investment (ROI) and model robustness, and can properly control the balance between risk and return.
A Case Report: Multifocal Necrotizing Encephalitis and Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination against COVID-19

The current report presents the case of a 76-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who died three weeks after receiving his third COVID-19 vaccination. The patient was first vaccinated in May 2021 with the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vector vaccine, followed by two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in July and December 2021. The family of the deceased requested an autopsy due to ambiguous clinical signs before death. PD was confirmed by post-mortem examinations. Furthermore, signs of aspiration pneumonia and systemic arteriosclerosis were evident. However, histopathological analyses of the brain uncovered previously unsuspected findings, including acute vasculitis (predominantly lymphocytic) as well as multifocal necrotizing encephalitis of unknown etiology with pronounced inflammation including glial and lymphocytic reaction. In the heart, signs of chronic cardiomyopathy as well as mild acute lympho-histiocytic myocarditis and vasculitis were present. Although there was no history of COVID-19 for this patient, immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 antigens (spike and nucleocapsid proteins) was performed. Surprisingly, only spike protein but no nucleocapsid protein could be detected within the foci of inflammation in both the brain and the heart, particularly in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. Since no nucleocapsid protein could be detected, the presence of spike protein must be ascribed to vaccination rather than to viral infection. The findings corroborate previous reports of encephalitis and myocarditis caused by gene-based COVID-19 vaccines.
FORMULATION OF NON-STEADY-STATE DUST FORMATION PROCESS IN ASTROPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS

The non-steady-state formation of small clusters and the growth of grains accompanied by chemical reactions are formulated under the consideration that the collision of key gas species (key molecule) controls the kinetics of dust formation process. The formula allows us to evaluate the size distribution and condensation efficiency of dust formed in astrophysical environments. We apply the formulation to the formation of C and MgSiO3 grains in the ejecta of supernovae, as an example, to investigate how the non-steady effect influences the formation process, condensation efficiency fcon, ∞, and average radius aave, ∞ of newly formed grains in comparison with the results calculated with the steady-state nucleation rate. We show that the steady-state nucleation rate is a good approximation if the collision timescale of key molecule τcoll is much smaller than the timescale τsat with which the supersaturation ratio increases; otherwise the effect of the non-steady state becomes remarkable, leading to a lower fcon, ∞ and a larger aave, ∞. Examining the results of calculations, we reveal that the steady-state nucleation rate is applicable if the cooling gas satisfies Λ ≡ τsat/τcoll ≳ 30 during the formation of dust, and find that fcon, ∞ and aave, ∞ are uniquely determined by Λon at the onset time ton of dust formation. The approximation formulae for fcon, ∞ and aave, ∞ as a function of Λon could be useful in estimating the mass and typical size of newly formed grains from observed or model-predicted physical properties not only in supernova ejecta but also in mass-loss winds from evolved stars.
Variational Methods for Atoms and the Virial Theorem

In the case of the one-electron Dirac equation with a point nucleus, the virial theorem (VT) states that the ratio of the kinetic energy to potential energy is exactly −1, a ratio that can be an independent test of the accuracy of a computed solution. This paper studies the virial theorem for subshells of equivalent electrons and their interactions in many-electron atoms. This shows that the linear scaling of the dilation is achieved through the balancing of the contributions to the potential of an electron from inner and outer regions that some Slater integrals impose conditions on a single subshell, but others impose conditions between subshells. The latter slows the rate of convergence of the self-consistent field process in which radial functions are updated one at a time. Several cases are considered. Results are also extended to the nonrelativistic case.
Analysis of multispectral and hyperspectral longwave infrared (LWIR) data for geologic mapping

Multispectral MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) data and Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) data covering the 8 – 12 μm spectral range (longwave infrared or LWIR) were analyzed for an area near Mountain Pass, California. Decorrelation stretched images were initially used to highlight spectral differences between geologic materials. Both datasets were atmospherically corrected using the ISAC method, and the Normalized Emissivity approach was used to separate temperature and emissivity. The MASTER data had 10 LWIR spectral bands and approximately 35-meter spatial resolution and covered a larger area than the HyTES data, which were collected with 256 narrow (approximately 17nm-wide) spectral bands at approximately 2.3-meter spatial resolution. Spectra for key spatially-coherent, spectrally-determined geologic units for overlap areas were overlain and visually compared to determine similarities and differences. Endmember spectra were extracted from both datasets using n-dimensional scatterplotting and compared to emissivity spectral libraries for identification. Endmember distributions and abundances were then mapped using Mixture-Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF), a partial unmixing approach. Multispectral results demonstrate separation of silica-rich vs non-silicate materials, with distinct mapping of carbonate areas and general correspondence to the regional geology. Hyperspectral results illustrate refined mapping of silicates with distinction between similar units based on the position, character, and shape of high resolution emission minima near 9 μm. Calcite and dolomite were separated, identified, and mapped using HyTES based on a shift of the main carbonate emissivity minimum from approximately 11.3 to 11.2 μm respectively. Both datasets demonstrate the utility of LWIR spectral remote sensing for geologic mapping.
Molecular composition and gas-particle partitioning of indoor cooking aerosol: Insights from a FIGAERO-CIMS and kinetic aerosol modeling

Abstract Organic aerosol emitted from cooking is a major concern for indoor air quality. During the House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry (HOMEChem) campaign, we simulated cooking, cleaning and occupancy activities in a realistic residential setting and measured resulting gas- and particle-phase emissions using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer with a Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols (FIGAERO-HR-ToF-CIMS). We identified ∼480 molecular formulas for compounds emitted on cooking-centered days and attributed them to potential sources including cooking, commercial, personal care products, and occupancy. Compounds with molecular formulas containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms only (CHO group) composed most of the CIMS-measured molar fraction at 74-85%, with nitrogen-containing molecular formulas (CHNO group) being the second largest contributor (12-19%). We investigated the volatility of identified species based on FIGAERO-CIMS data in three ways: (1) using the maximum desorption temperature from one-dimensional thermograms, Tmax , (2) calculating gas-particle partitioning, Fp , (3) using a molecular corridor parameterization to estimate saturation concentrations based on molecular formulas. We used the kinetic multi-layer model of gas-particle interactions in aerosols and clouds (KM-GAP) to calculate equilibration timescales and found that under sampling conditions (T = 323 K), it can take up to 14 seconds for equilibrium conditions to be met, whereas sampling residence times are approximately 3 seconds. The chemical diversity and wide range of volatilities of species sampled during cooking-centered events highlight the importance of understanding aerosol emissions and partitioning in indoor spaces where people spend most of their time.
ORBITAL DEPENDENCE OF GALAXY PROPERTIES IN SATELLITE SYSTEMS OF GALAXIES

We study the dependence of satellite galaxy properties on the distance to the host galaxy and the orbital motion (prograde and retrograde orbits) using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data. From SDSS Data Release 7, we find 3515 isolated satellite systems of galaxies at z < 0.03 that contain 8904 satellite galaxies. Using this sample, we construct a catalog of 635 satellites associated with 215 host galaxies whose spin directions are determined by our inspection of the SDSS color images and/or by spectroscopic observations in the literature. We divide satellite galaxies into prograde and retrograde orbit subsamples depending on their orbital motion with respect to the spin direction of the host. We find that the number of galaxies in prograde orbit is nearly equal to that of retrograde orbit galaxies: the fraction of satellites in prograde orbit is 50% ± 2%. The velocity distribution of satellites with respect to their hosts is found to be almost symmetric: the median bulk rotation of satellites is −1 ± 8 km s−1. It is found that the radial distribution of early-type satellites in prograde orbit is strongly concentrated toward the host while that of retrograde ones shows much less concentration. We also find the orbital speed of late-type satellites in prograde orbit increases as the projected distance to the host (R) decreases while the speed decreases for those in retrograde orbit. At R less than 0.1 times the host virial radius (R < 0.1rvir,host), the orbital speed decreases in both prograde and retrograde orbit cases. Prograde satellites are on average fainter than retrograde satellites for both early and late morphological types. The u − r color becomes redder as R decreases for both prograde and retrograde orbit late-type satellites. The differences between prograde and retrograde orbit satellite galaxies may be attributed to their different origin or the different strength of physical processes that they have experienced through hydrodynamic interactions with their host galaxies.
Opening Space for Plastics—Why Spatial, Soil and Land Use Data Are Important to Understand Global Soil (Micro)Plastic Pollution

After five years of research on microplastic pollution of soils it becomes obvious that soil systems act as a reservoir for microplastics on global scales. Nevertheless, the exact role of soils within global microplastic cycles, plastic fluxes within soils and environmental consequences are so far only partly understood. Against the background of a global environmental plastic pollution, the spatial reference, spatial levels, sampling approaches and documentation practices of soil context data becomes important. Within this review, we therefore evaluate the availability of spatial MP soil data on a global scale through the application of a questionnaire applied to 35 case studies on microplastics in soils published since 2016. We found that the global database on microplastics in soils is mainly limited to agricultural used topsoils in Central Europe and China. Data on major global areas and soil regions are missing, leading to a limited understanding of soils plastic pollution. Furthermore, we found that open data handling, geospatial data and documentation of basic soil information are underrepresented, which hinders further understanding of global plastic fluxes in soils. Out of this context, we give recommendations for spatial reference and soil context data collection, access and combination with soil microplastic data, to work towards a global and free soil microplastic data hub.