Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of hyperheuristics for the biobjective 0/1 knapsack problem by multiobjective genetic programming

The 0/1 knapsack problem is one of the most exhaustively studied NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Many different approaches have been taken to obtain an approximate solution to the problem in polynomial time. Here we consider the biobjective 0/1 knapsack problem. The contribution of this paper is to show that a genetic programming system can evolve a set of heuristics that can give solutions on the Pareto front for multiobjective combinatorial problems. The genetic programming (GP) system outlined here evolves a heuristic which decides whether or not to add an item to the knapsack in such a way that the final solution is one of the Pareto optimal solutions. Moreover, the Pareto front obtained from the GP system is comparable to the front obtained from other human-designed heuristics. We discuss the issue of the diversity of the obtained Pareto front and the application of strongly-typed GP as a means of obtaining better diversity.
The nature of faint submillimetre-selected galaxies

We present the source catalogue for the SCUBA Lens Survey. We summarise the results of extensive multi-wavelength observations of the 15 submillimetre-selected galaxies in the catalogue, from X-rays to radio. We discuss the main observational characteristics of faint submillimetre galaxies as a population, and consider their interpretation within the framework of our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.
Command, Goal Disambiguation, Introspection, and Instruction in Gesture-Free Spoken Dialogue with a Robotic Office Assistant

ion of m-pepsican, phys-obj-slot is activated. When m-pepsican is activated, the object models for pepsicans are brought into the robot's memory through a callback associated with m-pepsican unless the models are already in memory due to the previous activities. After m-phys-obj is activated, the token sequence of the MOP's expectation becomes empty, thus activating the MOP. When the MOP is activated, an instance MOP, call it m-get-physobj-12, is created under it with values m-get for the verb slot and m-pepsican for the object slot. The new MOP is placed under m-active-goal to reflect the fact that it is now one of the active goals pursued by the robot. As soon as m-get-phys-obj is activated, its callback installs (achieve m-get-phys-obj) on the RAP interpreter’s agenda. The RAP for achieving this goal checks for instances of the MOP m-get-phys-obj that are also instances of m-active-goal. In this case, the RAP finds m-get-phys-obj-12, extracts the m-pepsican value from the MOP's object slot and installs (get-phys-obj m-pepsican) on the RAP interpreter’s agenda. During execution, the RAP enables detect-obj-skill. The skill captures the image shown on the left in Figure 6, detects the pepsican (the right image in Figure 6 shows the detection region whitened), and puts the following assertions in the RAP memory: (detected-obj pepsican), (dist-to 1.5), (obj-xy 81 43), and (sim-score .73). These assertions state that the skill detected a pepsican 1.5 meters away from the robot, and the bottom left coordinates of the image region that had the best matching score of . 73 are x=81, y=43. The get-phys-obj RAP invokes the homing skill. The skill causes the robot to navigate to the object. When the robot is at the object, the RAP enables the pickup skill so that the robot can pick up the can with the gripper. Finally, the RAP removes m-get-phys-obj-12 from under m-active-goal and places it under m-achieved-goal. Fig. 6. Command Execution. 4.2. 2 Goal Disambiguation The system is designed to handle three types of goal ambiguity: sensory, mnemonic, and linguistic. Sensory ambiguity occurs when a goal referenced by the input is ambiguous with respect to sensory data. Mnemonic ambiguity takes place when the input references a goal ambiguous with respect to the robot's memory organization. Linguistic ambiguity arises when the linguistic input itself must be disambiguated to reference a goal. A goal is ambiguous with respect to sensory data when it refers to an object from a detected homogeneous set or when it refers to an abstraction common to all objects in a detected heterogeneous set. To understand sensory ambiguity, consider a situation when the robot has detected two pepsicans and the operator asks the robot to bring a pepsican. The homogeneous set of detected objects consists of two pepsicans. The input refers to a pepsican, i.e., an object from the detected homogeneous set. All things being equal, the robot
Dust in High-Velocity Clouds : relevance for Planck

Spitzer Science Center, Pasadena, CA, USAE-mail: alberto@ipac.caltech. eduThe recent detection of dust emission in Complex C, the largest High-Velocity Cloud (HVC) onthe sky, opens a very interesting perspective for Planck. The HVC dust temperature determinedusing IRAS and Spitzer observations is low (T ∼ 10.7 K) in accordance with its great distancefrom the Galaxy (>5 kpc). Peak column density in 30 arcmin beam is N
Bound Together : Signs and Features in Multimedia Content Representation

This paper introduces new extensions to the semiotic model that allow the model to account for image features that characterize an audio, visual or audio-visual object. The treatment in this paper emphasizes visual content description. The framework and the associated construct of image features characterizing the visual object “binding” to conceptual terms used to describe the visual object is described and illustrated in terms of UML diagrams. Visual object identification, location and media temporal segmentation approaches are outlined. The setting construct developed by Parkes [17] is then replaced with the introduction of the existent context as the minimal unit for temporal decomposition in content description. This construct forms the basis of the content modeling for the upper level representation scheme adopted in the Automating Video Annotation (AVA) moving picture content annotation prototype tool. The analysis is supported through a worked example developed on a content sequence from an episode of children’s television.
A novel digital-to-analog conversion technique using duty-cycle modulation

The novel digital-to-analog conversion technique studied in this paper, is founded on the digital duty-cycle modulation principle. It consists of a simple digital duty-cycle modulation program loaded in the flash memory of a microcontroller and an external analog low pass filter. Both pulse width and modulation period, simultaneously evolve according to the variation of the modulating input. Then, under the proposed modulation technique, high frequency harmonics with rank greater than a number Nh, are significantly eliminated from the spectrum of the resulting modulated wave. As a merit, the digital modulated wave to be filtered is computed directly and very fast from its discrete Fourier series model. Thus, the related digital modulation and generation routines do not require an intermediary n-bit processing hardware logic. The predicted and experimental results obtained when testing a prototyping digital-to-analog conversion workbench driven by a PIC30F6014A microcontroller, are presented and compared. These results show the feasibility and high quality of digital-to-analog conversion via digital duty-cycle modulation.
Applications of LDPC Codes to the Wiretap Channel

With the advent of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, perfect (i.e., information-theoretic) security can now be achieved for distribution of a cryptographic key. QKD systems and similar protocols use classical error-correcting codes for both error correction (for the honest parties to correct errors) and privacy amplification (to make an eavesdropper fully ignorant). From a coding perspective, a good model that corresponds to such a setting is the wire tap channel introduced by Wyner in 1975. In this correspondence, we study fundamental limits and coding methods for wire tap channels. We provide an alternative view of the proof for secrecy capacity of wire tap channels and show how capacity achieving codes can be used to achieve the secrecy capacity for any wiretap channel. We also consider binary erasure channel and binary symmetric channel special cases for the wiretap channel and propose specific practical codes. In some cases our designs achieve the secrecy capacity and in others the codes provide security at rates below secrecy capacity. For the special case of a noiseless main channel and binary erasure channel, we consider encoder and decoder design for codes achieving secrecy on the wiretap channel; we show that it is possible to construct linear-time decodable secrecy codes based on low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that achieve secrecy.
Boundary Value Analysis Using Divide-and-Rule Approach

A new boundary value analysis algorithm using a divide-and-rule approach is proposed in this paper. The idea comes from functional dependency among the input parameters. Based on the new algorithm, a testing tool is designed and implemented. Results from the testing tool show the advantages of the new algorithm over the traditional boundary value analysis methods. It generates some necessary testing cases that couldn't be generated using the traditional methods.
Advancing Alcohol and Other Drug Education among Social Work Faculty: An Evaluation of Social Work Faculty Immersion Training

This study is an educational evaluation of participants (N = 50) in a 4-day immersion training program funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Using a pretest–posttest design, clinical social work faculty participants showed statistically significant (p < .001) improvement in overall alcohol and other drug-related knowledge (baseline M = 8.75, SD = 2.44; postintervention M = 13.88, SD = 1.96, Cohen’s d = −2.16) in the domains of screening and assessment, brief intervention, medication-assisted treatment, and recovery and relapse prevention. Corresponding increases were also observed for faculty confidence in teaching clinical skills related to alcohol and other drug screening, assessment, and treatment.
Quantifying Organization by Means of Entropy

With the aim to reduce disorder and improve efficiency, nodes in an ad hoc network run a self-organization scheme to cooperatively organize the network. Although metrics such as complexity or self-stability are commonly used for evaluation, to the best of our knowledge, none of them quantifies the efficiency to build and maintain an organization (order). We henceforth apply the notion of entropy to ad hoc type wireless networks facilitating a quantification of the internal organizational state generated by different self-organization schemes. Invoking node and link failure probabilities, we expose the dependency of the organizational state on the self-organization protocol of choice.
Non‐ideal memristors for a non‐ideal world

Memristors have pinched hysteresis loops in the V–I plane. Ideal memristors are everywhere non‐linear, cross at zero and are rotationally symmetric. In this paper, we extend memristor theory to produce different types of non‐ideality and find that: including a background current (such as an ionic current) moves the crossing point away from zero; including a degradation resistance (that increases with experimental time) leads to an asymmetry; modelling a low resistance filament in parallel describes triangular V–I curves with a straight‐line low resistance state. A novel measurement of hysteresis asymmetry was introduced based on hysteresis and it was found that which lobe was bigger depended on the size of the breaking current relative to the memristance. The hysteresis varied differently with each type of non‐ideality, suggesting that measurements of several device I–V curves and calculation of these parameters could give an indication of the underlying mechanism.
Stimulus-Related Activity during Conditional Associations in Monkey Perirhinal Cortex Neurons Depends on Upcoming Reward Outcome

Acquiring the significance of events based on reward-related information is critical for animals to survive and to conduct social activities. The importance of the perirhinal cortex for reward-related information processing has been suggested. To examine whether or not neurons in this cortex represent reward information flexibly when a visual stimulus indicates either a rewarded or unrewarded outcome, neuronal activity in the macaque perirhinal cortex was examined using a conditional-association cued-reward task. The task design allowed us to study how the neuronal responses depended on the animal's prediction of whether it would or would not be rewarded. Two visual stimuli, a color stimulus as Cue1 followed by a pattern stimulus as Cue2, were sequentially presented. Each pattern stimulus was conditionally associated with both rewarded and unrewarded outcomes depending on the preceding color stimulus. We found an activity depending upon the two reward conditions during Cue2, i.e., pattern stimulus presentation. The response appeared after the response dependent upon the image identity of Cue2. The response delineating a specific cue sequence also appeared between the responses dependent upon the identity of Cue2 and reward conditions. Thus, when Cue1 sets the context for whether or not Cue2 indicates a reward, this region represents the meaning of Cue2, i.e., the reward conditions, independent of the identity of Cue2. These results suggest that neurons in the perirhinal cortex do more than associate a single stimulus with a reward to achieve flexible representations of reward information.
Women entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa

Purpose This paper aims to attempt to collate and understand the fragmented research on female entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The review assesses the literature at the macro, meso and micro analysis levels and addresses the obstacles, challenges, motivations and characteristics of female entrepreneurship in the MENA region. Design/methodology/approach The analysis bases on a gender aware, narrative review, which is an appropriate method when aggregating studies of different methodological approaches, covering broad and fragmented topics in different settings. The study analyzes the areas that have received sufficient research attention and those which are still under-developed. Findings Important gaps in the field are lack of theoretical foundations; an over emphasis on macro level indicators, such as culture and religion and an under emphasis on organizational level variables; a lack of studies that analyze female entrepreneurship within ethnic groups, or studies that acknowledge the complex social, cultural and religious diversity of the region; and inattention to particular regional experiences (e.g. refugees crisis) and emerging trends. Originality/value This is the first integrative review of the literature in the growing field of female entrepreneurship in the MENA region that identifies areas of particular research interest and questions that are still under-developed. The study proposes further avenues for future research.
Effects and Mechanism of Bufei Yishen Formula in a Rat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model

Bufei Yishen Formula (BYF) has been used for centuries in Asia to effectively treat patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study established a COPD animal model in rats, wherein three groups (control, COPD, and BYF) were used to evaluate the mechanism(s) and curative effect of BYF. Pulmonary function and histomorphology demonstrated that BYF had an evident effect on COPD. Gene microarray was then exploited to analyze the effects of BYF on COPD. ClueGO analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that BYF improved COPD by regulating expression of interleukins, myosin filament assembly components, and mitochondrial electron transport-related molecules. Moreover, ELISA revealed that expression of several interleukins (IL1β, IL6, IL8, and IL10) was reduced in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by BYF treatment. It was concluded that BYF has therapeutic effects on COPD in rats through its effects on interleukin expression and/or secretion. Furthermore, pharmacological or targeted expression of two differentially expressed genes, F2R and Sprik1, might be useful in novel COPD therapies. This study provides the basis for mechanisms of BYF on COPD and new therapeutic drug targets.
Epidermal Cells Effects of Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoters on Primary Mouse Partial Parallelism and Partial Blockade by Bryostatin 1 of Updated

Bryostatin 1, a macrocyclic lactone, functions like the phorbol esters biochemically in binding to and activating protein kinase C. Biologically, however, although it induces some phorbol ester responses such as mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 cells, it paradoxically blocks the effects of the phorbol esters on differentiation in 111-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells and Friend erythroleukemia cells. Since the phorbol esters induce prolif eration and terminal differentiation in distinct subpopulations of epider mal basal cells, we have now examined the action of bryostatin 1 in that system. Bryostatin 1 decreased epidermal growth factor binding and induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, the latter a marker of prolifer ation. The magnitude of the maximal induction of ornithine decarboxylase was less than for phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Bryostatin 1 only transiently caused the morphological change typical of phorbol ester treatment and did not induce transglutaminase or cornified envelope production, mark ers of the differentiative pathway. Combined treatment with bryostatin 1 and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate gave similar results to treatment with bryostatin 1 alone, i.e., slight reduction to complete inhibition of phorbol ester action, depending on the response. The mechanism may reflect time dependent block of the protein kinase C pathway by bryostatin 1 in this system; although bryostatin 1 inhibited epidermal growth factor binding at short incubation times (1-2 h), by 4 h of incubation its inhibition was markedly reduced and it correspondingly blocked inhibition of epidermal growth factor binding by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Since induction of terminal differentiation is proposed to be an essential component of phorbol ester mediated tumor promotion in skin, our findings suggest that bryostatin 1 may function as an inhibitor of phorbol ester promotion.
Physical and Metaphysical Counterfactuals

In a previous publication I showed that counterfactuals grounded in decision making can be given interpretation in terms “imaging” – a process of “mass-shifting” among possible worlds. This paper elaborates on this interpretation and shows the converse: imaging can be given an interpretation in terms of a stochastic decision policy in which agents choose actions with certain probabilities. This mapping, from the metaphysical to the physical, should be helpful in assessing whether metaphysically-inspired extensions of current interventional theories are warranted in a given decision making situation.
The Gender Earnings Gap in Britain

The Gender Earnings Gap in Britain The earnings gap between male and female employees is substantial and persistent. Using new data for Britain, this paper shows that an important contribution to this gap is made by the workplace in which the employee works. Evidence for workplace and occupational segregation as partial explanations of the earnings gap is presented. Having allowed also for individual worker characteristics there remains a substantial within-workplace and withinoccupation gender earnings gap. The contribution of these factors, as well as the earnings gap itself, differ significantly across sectors of the labour market. The relative unimportance of occupational segregation and the large remaining gender earnings gap suggest that stronger enforcement of Equal Pay legislation is likely to be the most appropriate policy response. JEL Classification: J3, J7
Stigma Receptivity Test in Diverse Species of Tomato

The present experiment on tomato comprised of 17 g enotypes belonging to ten different species. The re search was carried out at “Research Centre for Distant Hybrid ization in Field and Fruit Crops, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand du ring 2016-2017”. Stigma receptivity being one of th e important traits influencing the rate of pollination and succ essful fertilization was under taken in the present s udy. The observations were recorded from tomato species on st igma receptivity by using Hydrogen peroxide. The st igma was found receptive before 12 hrs. of an thesis and may continue upto withering stage of flower, which was the common pattern observed in all the species. Stigma became fully receptive after opening of flower bud. But, in case of accession LA 1777 (S. habrochaites), the stigma did not become receptive at bud stage, while stigma of LA 2157 (S. arcanum) and LA 2819 (S. lycopersicum) showed receptivity from bu d stage.
Named Entity Recognition using Machine learning techniques for Telugu language

In this paper, we depict hybrid approach, i.e., combination of rule based approach and machine learning techniques, i.e Conditional Random Fields (CRF) for Named Entity Recognition (NER). The main objective of Named Entity Recognition is to categorize all Named Entities (NE) in a document into predefined classes like Person name, Location name, Organization name. This paper first outlines the Named Entity Recognizer using rule based approach. In this approach we prepared Gazette lists for names of persons, locations and organizations, some suffix and prefix features and dictionary consist of 200000 words to recognize the category of names entities. Further, we used Machine learning technique, i.e., CRF in order to improve the accuracy of the system.
Analysis of Ultrasound Images Based on Local Statistics . Application to the Diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

This paper presents an analysis method for ultrasound images based on modeling the speckle noise with a Rayleigh distribution. This distribution is parametrized by the parameter σ, related to the characteristics of the biological tissue. Since some parameters of the Rayleigh distribution are proportional to the value of σ, the local estimation of such statistics allows the identification of regions corresponding to different tissue types. This property can be employed to improve the automatic analysis of ultrasound images. We have considered the segmentation of the hip joint from ultrasound images for the automatic diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, a difficult problem that requires an accurate segmentation of different anatomical structures from the ultrasound image.
GPU-accelerated real-time video background subtraction

Identifying objects of interest in a video sequence is a fundamental and essential part in many vision systems. A common method to achieve that goal is to perform background subtraction. For automated surveillance systems with multiple cameras, real-time background subtraction is particularly important. In this paper, we examine how to exploit GPU parallelism to accelerate the single Gaussian background subtraction algorithm achieving real-time processing of multiple concurrent videos. Experiments performed on a low end GPU showed promising results.