Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOUNDE: A Hybrid Structure of Service Discovery System for Decentralized E-Commerce

Existing P2P systems are mostly confined to the domain of file sharing systems, which in many aspects differ from decentralized e-commerce, e.g., peer behavior mode and capability diversity. Therefore, we researched on the distinct properties of decentralized e-commerce, especially for B2B level e-commerce, and accordingly, propose a decentralized e-commerce oriented service discovery system, named SOUNDE. The system can be viewed as a two-layer architecture, with the upper layer composed of many e-commerce domains forming a DHT-based topology, then each domain composed of all the related peers in that specific commerce domain, including service requesters and service providers of it, forming an unstructured topology which applies SophiNode service discovery algorithms. Meanwhile, we also put forward GovNode, which plays the role of joint between the two layers. Gathering all the peers within same commerce industry into a logic subnet (commerce domain), then all domains into DHT structure, the fundamental purpose of SOUNDE is to diminish the searching scope of each service query, (i. e. reduce the network load), and allow the system to scale. At the end, we present our simulation and analyze the results
A guided tour of computer vision

An introduction to computer vision, covering the structure and properties of the visual world. This concise guide stresses fundamental concepts, and also provides details and pointers with respect to recent developments. The author pursues the narrow view of vision covering the structure and properties of the visual world, thereby providing a lucid introduction for the novice and a fresh perspective to the expert.
Miscommunicating Risk, Uncertainty, and Causation: Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality Risk as an Example

A recent paper in this journal (Fann et al., 2012) estimated that “about 80,000 premature mortalities would be avoided by lowering PM2.5 levels to 5 μg/m3 nationwide” and that 2005 levels of PM2.5 cause about 130,000 premature mortalities per year among people over age 29, with a 95% confidence interval of 51,000 to 200,000 premature mortalities per year. (1) These conclusions depend entirely on misinterpreting statistical coefficients describing the association between PM2.5 and mortality rates in selected studies and models as if they were known to be valid causal coefficients. But they are not, and both the expert opinions of EPA researchers and analysis of data suggest that a true value of zero for the PM2.5 mortality causal coefficient is not excluded by available data. Presenting continuous confidence intervals that exclude the discrete possibility of zero misrepresents what is currently known (and not known) about the hypothesized causal relation between changes in PM2.5 levels and changes in mortality rates, suggesting greater certainty about projected health benefits than is justified.
Development of the Korean Resource Grammar: Towards Grammar Customization

The Korean Resource Grammar (KRG) is a computational open-source grammar of Korean (Kim and Yang, 2003) that has been constructed within the DELPH-IN consortium since 2003. This paper reports the second phase of the KRG development that moves from a phenomenabased approach to grammar customization using the LinGO Grammar Matrix. This new phase of development not only improves the parsing efficiency but also adds generation capacity, which is necessary for many NLP applications.
Encryption Schemes with Post-Challenge Auxiliary Inputs

In this paper, we tackle the open problem of proposing a leakage-resilience encryption model that can capture leakage from both the secret key owner and the encryptor, in the auxiliary input model. Existing models usually do not allow adversaries to query more leakage information after seeing the challenge ciphertext of the security games. On one hand, side-channel attacks on the random factor (selected by the encryptor) are already shown to be feasible. Leakage from the encryptor should not be overlooked. On the other hand, the technical challenge for allowing queries from the adversary after he sees the ciphertext is to avoid a trivial attack to the system since he can then embed the decryption function as the leakage function (note that we consider the auxiliary input model in which the leakage is modeled as computationally hard-to-invert functions). We solve this problem by defining the post-challenge auxiliary input model in which the family of leakage functions must be defined before the adversary is given the public key. Thus the adversary cannot embed the decryption function as a leakage function after seeing the challenge ciphertext while is allowed to make challenge-dependent queries. This model is able to capture a wider class of real-world side-channel attacks. To realize our model, we propose a generic transformation from the auxiliary input model to our new post-challenge auxiliary input model for both public key encryption (PKE) and identitybased encryption (IBE). Furthermore, we extend Canetti et al.’s technique, that converts CPAsecure IBE to CCA-secure PKE, into the leakage-resilient setting. More precisely, we construct a CCA-secure PKE in the post-challenge auxiliary input model, by using strong one-time signatures and strong extractor with hard-to-invert auxiliary inputs, together with a CPA-secure IBE in the auxiliary input model. Moreover, we extend our results to signatures, to obtain fully leakage-resilient signatures with auxiliary inputs using standard signatures and strong extractor with hard-to-invert auxiliary inputs. It is more efficient than the existing fully leakage-resilient signature schemes.
Making Brain Circuits Listen

Implant devices that electrically stimulate auditory nerves at their place of origin in the cochlea have helped certain deaf individuals to acquire at least some hearing capabilities. In his Perspective, Josef Rauschecker discusses new findings from a study in kittens deaf from birth that were surgically implanted with electrodes that stimulate the cochlea ( Klinke et al.). When implanted early enough, cochlear implants induced a reorganization of the brain9s auditory cortex, leading to the strengthening of synaptic connections or the formation of new synapses. The argument presented in the Perspective is that the auditory cortex is very plastic especially at a young age, and that providing deaf children with cochlear implants as early as possible may increase their chances of acquiring adequate speech understanding.
Simplified springback prediction of thick sandwich panel

Springback is one of the most important design behavior in air-bending processes. The sandwich panel exhibits more complicated bending and springback behavior due to substantial differences in mechanical properties between the foam core and the metallic skin sheet. In this paper, we will not only propose a semi-analytical model in order to easily predict springback in air-bending process of steel/polyurethane/steel sandwich panel, but also we will carry out experiments to measure springback amount. The semi-analytical model results and the experiment findings proved to be in a good agreement. In addition, numerical simulations and experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of punch radius, die opening, and the foam thickness on springback.
Automated Essay Scoring for Nonnative English Speakers

The e-rater system™ is an operational automated essay scoring system, developed at Educational Testing Service (ETS). The average agreement between human readers, and between independent human readers and e-rater is approximately 92%. There is much interest in the larger writing community in examining the system's performance on nonnative speaker essays. This paper focuses on results of a study that show e-rater's performance on Test of Written English (TWE) essay responses written by nonnative English speakers whose native language is Chinese, Arabic, or Spanish. In addition, one small sample of the data is from US-born English speakers, and another is from non-US-born candidates who report that their native language is English. As expected, significant differences were found among the scores of the English groups and the nonnative speakers. While there were also differences between e-rater and the human readers for the various language groups, the average agreement rate was as high as operational agreement. At least four of the five features that are included in e-rater's current operational models (including discourse, topical, and syntactic features) also appear in the TWE models. This suggests that the features generalize well over a wide range of linguistic variation, as e-rater was not confounded by non-standard English syntactic structures or stylistic discourse structures which one might expect to be a problem for a system designed to evaluate native speaker writing.
CMOS RFIC ARCHITECTURES FOR IEEE 802.15.4 NETWORKS

While the wireless industry has been focusing on increasing high data throughput, the emerging IEEE 802.15. 4 (ZigBee) protocol targets a set of applications that require simple wireless connectivity, relaxed throughput, very low power consumption, and lower module cost. This article will summarize the 2.4 GHz radio physical layer (PHY) technical specifications, examine alternative modem implementations, and compare possible architectures for the receiver and the transmitter in terms of performance, estimated chip area, and production cost.
Explaining Outliers by Subspace Separability

Outliers are extraordinary objects in a data collection. Depending on the domain, they may represent errors, fraudulent activities or rare events that are subject of our interest. Existing approaches focus on detection of outliers or degrees of outlierness (ranking), but do not provide a possible explanation of how these objects deviate from the rest of the data. Such explanations would help user to interpret or validate the detected outliers. The problem addressed in this paper is as follows: given an outlier detected by an existing algorithm, we propose a method that determines possible explanations for the outlier. These explanations are expressed in the form of subspaces in which the given outlier shows separability from the inliers. In this manner, our proposed method complements existing outlier detection algorithms by providing additional information about the outliers. Our method is designed to work with any existing outlier detection algorithm and it also includes a heuristic that gives a substantial speedup over the baseline strategy.
Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Acquisition for Resource-Scarce Languages

This paper proposes a new bootstrapping approach to unsupervised part-of-speech induction. In comparison to previous bootstrapping algorithms developed for this problem, our approach aims to improve the quality of the seed clusters by employing seed words that are both distributionally and morphologically reliable. In particular, we present a novel method for combining morphological and distributional information for seed selection. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach works well for English and Bengali, thus providing suggestive evidence that it is applicable to both morphologically impoverished languages and highly inflectional languages.
Protective Effect of Agmatine on Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Renal Injury in Rats

Enhanced renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) during ischemic period and the renal venous norepinephrine (NE) overflow after reperfusion play important roles in the development of ischemic/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats. This study evaluated whether agmatine, which is known to reduce sympathetic nerve activity and NE overflow by electrical stimulation, would prevent the I/R-induced renal dysfunction. Ischemic ARF was induced by clamping the left renal artery and vein for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion 2 weeks after the contralateral nephrectomy. Intravenous (IV) injection of agmatine (100 and 300 μmol/kg) to ischemic ARF rats dose-dependently suppressed the enhanced RSNA and attenuated the I/R-induced renal dysfunction and histological damage. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of agmatine (600 nmol/kg) to ischemic ARF rats suppressed the enhanced RSNA during the ischemic period and attenuated the I/R-induced renal injury. Furthermore, both IV and ICV injection of agmatine significantly suppressed the renal venous NE overflow after the reperfusion. These results indicate that agmatine prevents the development of I/R-induced renal injury, and the effect is accompanied by suppression of the enhanced RSNA during ischemic period and NE overflow from renal sympathetic nerve endings.
New Advances in the Use of Multifunctional Nanomaterials in Conservation-Restoration of Artistic and Archaeological Heritage

In recent years, the development of new procedures and solutions in the field of conservation has been very significant. The purpose of this article is to collect the main contributions of nanotechnology, in its multifunctional solutions applied in heritage, to offer a global vision of the state of the matter for both scientists and restaurateurs.Nanomaterials offer some advantages over traditional products, improved compatibility and efficiency and reducing the use of toxic organic solvents for humans and the environment. Solutions have been developed for both inorganic supports and organic supports for artistic, architectural and archaeological heritage. Especially relevant are the advances in consolidation processes, pH regulation and / or cleaning / elimination of alteration products on murals, frescoes or stone and in materials composed of cellulose and collagen.Also, nanotechnology is still a recent science and has yet to answer certain questions about its use protocols and reduce the possible risks to health.
Embedded Wideband Metaresonator Antenna on a High-Impedance Ground Plane for Vehicular Applications

A conformal embedded wideband metaresonator antenna is proposed for military vehicular applications. Metamaterials are artificial materials that exhibit plasmonic resonances with subwavelength sizes of metallic structures. Metaresonator antennas use metamaterial structures as radiators to reduce the size of antennas and design multiband antennas. A small-dipole antenna is placed on a high-impedance ground plane with a conjoined split-ring resonator (SRR). The total volume of the antenna, including the effectively high impedance ground plane, is only 0. 51λ0 × 0. 41λ0 × 0.05 λ0. The embedded multilayer ceramic antenna was fabricated using a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technique and is well suited for embedment in the armor. Very good agreement was obtained between full-wave simulation results and measurements of the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern.
Gliadin induces an increase in intestinal permeability and zonulin release by binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gliadin, a component of the grain protein gluten. Gliadin induces an MyD88-dependent zonulin release that leads to increased intestinal permeability, a postulated early element in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. We aimed to establish the molecular basis of gliadin interaction with intestinal mucosa leading to intestinal barrier impairment. METHODS Alpha-gliadin affinity column was loaded with intestinal mucosal membrane lysates to identify the putative gliadin-binding moiety. In vitro experiments with chemokine receptor CXCR3 transfectants were performed to confirm binding of gliadin and/or 26 overlapping 20mer alpha-gliadin synthetic peptides to the receptor. CXCR3 protein and gene expression were studied in intestinal epithelial cell lines and human biopsy specimens. Gliadin-CXCR3 interaction was further analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy, laser capture microscopy, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunoprecipitation/Western blot analysis. Ex vivo experiments were performed using C57BL/6 wild-type and CXCR3(-/-) mouse small intestines to measure intestinal permeability and zonulin release. RESULTS Affinity column and colocalization experiments showed that gliadin binds to CXCR3 and that at least 2 alpha-gliadin 20mer synthetic peptides are involved in this binding. CXCR3 is expressed in mouse and human intestinal epithelia and lamina propria. Mucosal CXCR3 expression was elevated in active celiac disease but returned to baseline levels following implementation of a gluten-free diet. Gliadin induced physical association between CXCR3 and MyD88 in enterocytes. Gliadin increased zonulin release and intestinal permeability in wild-type but not CXCR3(-/-) mouse small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Gliadin binds to CXCR3 and leads to MyD88-dependent zonulin release and increased intestinal permeability.
Mutagenic Analysis of the Clostridium difficile Flagellar Proteins, FliC and FliD, and Their Contribution to Virulence in Hamsters

ABSTRACT Although toxins A and B are known to be important contributors to the acute phase of Clostridium difficile infection, the role of colonization and adherence to host tissues in the overall pathogenesis of these organisms remains unclear. Consequently, we used the recently introduced intron-based ClosTron gene interruption system to eliminate the expression of two reported C. difficile colonization factors, the major flagellar structural subunit (FliC) and the flagellar cap protein (FliD), to gain greater insight into how flagella and motility contribute to C. difficile's pathogenic strategy. The results demonstrate that interrupting either the fliC or the fliD gene results in a complete loss of flagella, as well as motility, in C. difficile. However, both the fliC and fliD mutant strains adhered better than the wild-type 630Δerm strain to human intestine-derived Caco-2 cells, suggesting that flagella and motility do not contribute to, or may even interfere with, C. difficile adherence to epithelial cell surfaces in vitro. Moreover, we found that the mutant strains were more virulent in hamsters, indicating either that flagella are unnecessary for virulence or that repression of motility may be a pathogenic strategy employed by C. difficile in hamsters.
Attachment style and patient disclosure in psychotherapy

Abstract The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment style and patient disclosure in psychotherapy. A significant positive relationship was found between the security of adult psychotherapy patients' (N=117) attachment to their therapist and (a) their overall level of self-disclosure and (b) their level of positive feelings following disclosure. A significant negative relationship was also found between security of attachment and unpleasant feelings following disclosure. In addition, significant associations were found between the extent of patients' fearful attachment to their therapist and unpleasant feelings experienced both before and after disclosure. Findings suggest that understanding attachment patterns may be helpful in formulating clinical interventions, including those that affect a patient's tendency to withhold important material.
The Least Weight Subsequence Problem (Extended Abstract)

The least weight subsequence (LWS) problem is introduced, and is shown to be equivalent to the classic minimum path problem for directed graphs. A special case of the LWS problem is shown to be solvable in O(n log n) time generally and, for certain weight functions, in linear time. A number of applications are given, including an optimum paragraph formation problem and the problem of finding a minimum height B-tree, whose solutions realize improvement in asymptotic time complexity.
Cognitive impairment following cardiopulmonary bypass: strategies for its prevention

Adverse neurological outcomes have plagued cardiac surgical procedures since the origins of the speciality. The spectrum of adverse neurological events range from clinically overt postoperative stroke to minor cognitive impairment. Despite an abundance of clinical investigations that have sought to identify and modify risk factors for these events, practice patterns have not changed drastically with regards to extracorporeal circulation and aortic manipulation, with most centres establishing protocols within the confines of their institutions and comfort level. In their paper published in Heart , Anastasiadis and colleagues1 report results comparing patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) using a minimal extracorporeal circuit (MECC) compared with a conventional circuit (CECC). The authors are to be congratulated on a well-designed randomised prospective study that adds to the growing body of literature supporting the use of MECC during cardiac operations requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this study, 32 patients undergoing CABG were randomly allocated to each group. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and neurocognitive function was assessed preoperatively, at discharge and at 3 months postoperatively using a battery of standardised neurocognitive tests. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were similar between the groups, with no significant difference in mortality and no major postoperative neurological events in either group. From their NIRS data, there was a significantly higher incidence of cerebral oxygen desaturation episodes (CODE) in the CECC group compared with the MECC group (55% vs 38%, p=0.04). A regional oxygen desaturation score greater than 3000, a risk marker of greater early postoperative neurocognitive decline, was more common in the CECC group compared with the MECC group (35% vs 21%, p=0.01). 2 Three-month neurocognitive results showed better neurocognitive performance on most tests for the MECC group …
Flt3 Ligand Induces Monocyte Proliferation and Enhances the Function of Monocyte‐Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro

Flt3 ligand (FL), a potent hematopoietic cytokine, plays an important role in development and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells (NK). Although some post‐receptor signaling events of FL have been characterized, the role of FL on Flt3 expressing human peripheral blood monocyte is unclear. In the current study, we examined the role of FL on cell survival and growth of peripheral blood monocytes and function of monocyte‐derived DCs. FL promoted monocyte proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner and prevented spontaneous apoptosis. FL induced ERK phosphorylation and a specific ERK inhibitor completely abrogated FL‐mediated cellular growth, while p38 MAPK, JNK, and AKT were relatively unaffected. Addition of FL to GM‐CSF and IL‐4 during DCs generation from monocytes increased the yield of DCs through induction of cell proliferation. DCs generated in the presence of FL expressed more costimulatory molecules on their surfaces and stimulated allogeneic T cell proliferation in MLR to a higher magnitude. Furthermore, FL partially antagonized IL‐10‐mediated inhibition on DCs function. Further characterization of FL actions may provide new and important information for immunotherapeutic approaches utilizing DCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1740–1749, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.