Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Missing Craters and Basin Rings Beneath the Lunar Maria

Evidence for a population of craters buried beneath the nearside lunar maria has been found in the gravity data returned from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory mission. Although the total population of buried and visible craters within maria is comparable to the crater population in non‐mare regions at large diameters, a deficit was observed for craters less than ∼90 km in diameter. This deficit is surprising because the data can resolve craters down to 10 km in diameter. Similarly, the Imbrium basin only has a partially exposed ring system, with individual ring widths of up to ∼100 km, but where those rings should be buried beneath the mare surface, we find the gravitational signature mostly non‐existent. In this study, we test a series of mechanisms and scenarios that may explain the observed deficits in the buried crater populations by comparing localized Bouguer gravity power spectra and recovered crater size‐frequency distributions from models of a simulated volcanically flooded cratered surface to the observed data. Our results indicate that the observed crater deficit and missing rings of Imbrium are best explained by a smoothing of the pre‐mare surface. We represent this smoothing as a diffusional process, as might occur with thermomechanical erosion during the earliest stages of the mare eruptions. The removal of the missing craters and Imbrium rings was a massive and unprecedented event that sheds light on the early evolution of the mare region, possibly supporting high temperature voluminous floods of lava early during mare formation.
Load redistribution rules for progressive failure in shallow landslides: Threshold mechanical models

Rainfall‐induced landslides are often preceded by progressive failures that culminate in abrupt mass release. Local failure progression is captured by a landslide hydro‐mechanical triggering model that represents the soil mantle as interacting columns linked by tensile and compressive mechanical “bonds. ” Mechanical bonds may fail at a prescribed threshold leaving a modeling challenge of how to redistribute their load to neighboring intact soil columns. We employed an elastic spring‐block model to analytically derive redistribution rules defined by the stiffness ratio of compressive to tensile bonds. These linear‐elastic rules were generalized to real soil using measurable Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. Results indicate that “local” failure characteristics of ductile‐like soils (e.g., clay) are reproduced by low stiffness ratios, whereas “global” failure of brittle sandy soils corresponds to large stiffness ratios. Systematic analyses yield guidelines for selecting load redistribution rules for failure of geological materials and mass‐movement phenomena represented by discrete threshold‐mechanics.
Short-Term Outcomes of Total Arterial Revascularization Compared to Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in Patients with Multivessel Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Background. Multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) present challenges in CABG. We aimed to compare early outcomes of total arterial revascularization (TAR) versus conventional CABG in this high-risk population. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study based on a single-center registry of patients who underwent isolated CABG for multivessel CAD and LVD between January 2014 and December 2022. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were early complications, graft patency rate at 3 months, readmission rate within 6 months, and freedom from angina rate within 6 months. Results. A total of 112 cases were included in this study; 52 patients for TAR and 60 patients for conventional CABG. Both groups had comparable baselines and operative profiles. In-hospital mortality was similar between TAR and conventional CABG (2 deaths, 3.85% vs 4 deaths, 6.67%, p = 0.810). TAR had shorter ICU (3.5 vs 5 days, p = 0.016) and hospital stay (10.5 vs 12 days, p = 0.007). Other postoperative complications were similar. At 3 months, TAR had superior graft patency (91.7% vs 83.7%, p = 0.034) and lower 6-month readmission (TAR: 2/50, 4.0% vs. CR: 10/56, 17.9%, p = 0.024). Freedom from angina rate within 6 months was similar between the two groups (TAR: 43/50, 86.0% vs. CR: 42/56, 75.0%, p = 0.240). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that TAR may offer benefits in terms of shorter hospital stays, higher early graft patency, and lower readmission rates for patients with multivessel CAD and LVD. However, further research, particularly large-scale, randomized trials with longer follow-up periods, are needed to fully understand the long-term clinical outcomes and confirm these promising early results.
Hosts and Heterologous Expression Strategies of Recombinant Toxins for Therapeutic Purposes

The production of therapeutic recombinant toxins requires careful host cell selection. Bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells are common choices, but no universal solution exists. Achieving the delicate balance in toxin production is crucial due to potential self-intoxication. Recombinant toxins from various sources find applications in antimicrobials, biotechnology, cancer drugs, and vaccines. “Toxin-based therapy” targets diseased cells using three strategies. Targeted cancer therapy, like antibody–toxin conjugates, fusion toxins, or “suicide gene therapy”, can selectively eliminate cancer cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed. Notable toxins from various biological sources may be used as full-length toxins, as plant (saporin) or animal (melittin) toxins, or as isolated domains that are typical of bacterial toxins, including Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE) and diphtheria toxin (DT). This paper outlines toxin expression methods and system advantages and disadvantages, emphasizing host cell selection’s critical role.
DNA Barcoding of Six Commercially Important Groupers (Epinephelidae) from Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia

Groupers are among the fish groups that are difficult to recognize due to their high morphological similarities. Therefore, molecular techniques, particularly DNA barcoding, are extensively utilized to differentiate this fish group. This study aimed to analyze and validate six grouper species belonging to the Epinephelidae family that were harvested from Langsa district waters in Aceh province, Indonesia, based on DNA barcode data. It was conducted from June to December 2021, with the fish specimens collected from fishers at fish landing sites and the fish market in Langsa City, Aceh province. A total of 22 grouper sequences belonging to six species were generated, namely Epinephelus coioides, E. bleekeri, E. malabaricus, E. erythrurus, E. sexfasciatus and Mycteroperca poecilonotus (formerly Epinephelus poecilonotus). Genetic distance within these species ranged from 0.10 to 0.73% (average: 0.40%). Notably, E. malabaricus and E. coioides exhibited the closest genetic kinship (4.07%), while E. sexfasciatus and M. poecilonotus displayed the greatest genetic distance (19.33%). This study provides the first DNA reference for grouper in Langsa district, Indonesia, with significant implications for future sustainable grouper management.
TENSOR-BASED ALGEBRA FOR MULTILINEAR STRUCTURE OF MICROARRAY EXPRESSION RECOGNITION

In this paper, there are two current challenges of microarray expression are investigated, namely missing values recovery and feature extraction for supervised learning. The first axis is focus on how to deal with the main properties of time sequences of microarray, including tensor structure, noise, and temporal dynamic characteristics. This allows discovering latent factors and evolving trends for offering missing imputation. Then, an improvement of orthogonal Tucker decomposition based on discriminant analysis for multilinear structure of microarray expression is presented for dimensionality reduction. Consequently, an exploring a novel type of third-order microarray expression, termed as gene sample time (GST), is presented for biological sample classification. The contributions will be distributed along two main thrusts of effectiveness; including latent modeling setting for imputing missing values based on the High-Order Kalman Filter and feature extraction based on Tensor Discriminative Feature Extraction. Those proposal methods are carried out on Interferon beta (INFβ) dataset of GST-microarray expressions to distinguish the patients in the favorable response group and the remaining patients in the problematic-treatment-response group. The experimental performance corroborates the advantages of the proposed approaches upon those of the matrix-based algorithms and recent tensor-based, discriminant-decomposition, in terms of missing values completion, classification accuracy of 90.23% and computation time.
Metabolic improvements of novel microbial fermentation on black tea by Eurotium cristatum

Due to its traditional fermentation, there are obvious limits on the quality improvements in black tea. However, microbial fermentation can provide an abundance of metabolites and improve the flavor of tea. The “golden flower” fungi are widely used in the microbial fermentation of tea and has unique uses in healthcare. To further explore the improvements in black tea quality achieved via microbial fermentation, we used widely targeted metabolomics and metagenomics analyses to investigate the changes in and effects of metabolites and other microorganisms during the interaction between the “golden flower” fungi and black tea. Five key flavor metabolites were detected, the levels of catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, (−)-epicatechin gallate were decreased by different degrees after the inoculation of the “golden flower” fungus, whereas the levels of caffeine and (+)-gallocatechin increased. Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes, Aspergillaceae, Trichocomaceae, and Lecanoromycetes play a positive role in the black tea fermentation process after inoculation with the “golden flower” fungi. D-Ribose can prevent hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells, and it shows a strong correlation with Botryosphaeriaceae and Botryosphaeriales. The interaction between microorganisms and metabolites is manifested in tryptophan metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In conclusion, the changes in metabolites observed during the fermentation of black tea by “golden flower” fungi are beneficial to human health. This conclusion extends the knowledge of the interaction between the “golden flower” fungi and black tea, and it provides important information for improving the quality of black tea.
Dual Connectivity in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks: Analysis of Optimal Splitting of Elastic File Transfers Using Flow-Level Performance Models

The dual connectivity feature in heterogeneous cellular networks can be used to improve the download performance for elastic applications by splitting a file transfer over two connections. We employ two parallel processor sharing queues along with a heavy-traffic approximation to develop an extended framework that allows for analysis of file download performance in dual connectivity enabled networks from a relatively less-investigated yet more tractable flow-level perspective rather than a packet-level perspective. Unlike existing models, the framework developed jointly accounts for different transmission capacities and utilizations of base stations, thus enabling a proper and comprehensive assessment of user-perceived file transfer delays. We analyze the optimum file splitting ratio for reducing download delays using convex optimization and validate our findings via both queueing network and flow-level wireless simulations. Our in-house flow-level wireless simulator takes into account user locations and macroscopic propagation characteristics of wireless channels in order to create a realistic evaluation environment; we observe that optimal splitting under heavy-traffic conditions can result in up to 60% reduction in download delays for commonly encountered wireless system specifications when the macrocell and small cell base stations operating with different transmission capacities both have high utilizations. We further illustrate that our flow-level model can successfully incorporate interfering sources and different transmit powers which can easily be subsumed into the transmission capacities used in the model. Overall, the results presented show that it is indeed crucial to consider different transmission capacities as well as utilizations of base stations when determining the optimum splitting ratio.
Dual Chua’s Circuit

As a classic paradigm of chaos generation, Chua’s circuit has been widely studied and applied in different fields. Various Chua’s circuits employing voltage-controlled Chua’s diodes have been designed and implemented, but rare such circuits employing current-controlled Chua’s diodes have been reported to date. Following the technical steps which Chua used to design the famous Chua’s circuit, this paper presents a systematic design procedure of the chaotic circuits employing current-controlled nonlinear resistors. Two simple circuit topologies are presented as paradigms, which respectively are dual to the classical Chua’s circuit and the canonical Chua’s circuit. In specific, we obtain two simple implementations of the dual Chua’s circuits consisting of two inductors, one capacitor, one passive/active linear resistor, and one piecewise-linear current-controlled Chua’s diode. The numerical simulations and the previously unreported physical implementations confirmed the feasibility of the design. Consequently, it enriches the genealogy of the Chua’s circuit family.
Universal Dynamic Pilot Allocation for Beam Alignment Based on Multi-Armed Bandits

Multi-armed bandit (MAB) has been widely used to address beam alignment in millimeter-wave communications. However, existing works focus only on identifying the best beam and do not consider a system performance (i.e., effective data rate). To facilitate this, this letter proposes a dynamic pilot allocation framework that is universally applicable to MAB-based beam alignment regardless of the MAB’s theoretical basis. In the framework, each pilot is dynamically allocated considering both expected improvement and degradation in performance resulting from additional pilot allocation. Furthermore, theoretical analysis supports the asymptotic optimality of the framework. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly improves the performance of a variety of MAB-based beam alignment methods.
Road Recognition and Lane Detection using Deep Learning

An autonomous vehicle needs to be familiar with its surroundings. The safety of thetransportation system is greatly enhanced by advanced driving assistance systems (ADASs). Road detectionis one of the steps that a driving car must do. Is it possible for a computer to recognize a road in a singlephotograph for this purpose? This question is addressed using the lane detecting techniques. Roads andlanes are tough for machine learning to differentiate because of training a machine to recognize a road.Over the past few decades, a number of lane identification technologies have been created and integratedinto various autonomous cars. It is still very difficult to create lane recognition technology that caneffectively identify a road lane in a range of road conditions. This research provides a composite approachfor road detection from image processing using convolutional neural networks by testing 150 photographsthat include a road, jungle, muddy road, and barriers. It will decide if an image contains a road or not. Inthis essay, we first establish whether a road exists. The second step is to find a lane on the finished road.The benefit of the proposed technology is that if there is a road, the automobile can continue to moveforward; otherwise, it will stop.
The Mediating Role of Sarcopenia in the Association between Physical Activity and Falls among Chinese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Physical inactivity and sarcopenia are potentially modifiable risk factors for falls in older adults, but the strength of the association between physical activity (PA), sarcopenia, and falls in Chinese older adults is unclear. This study sought to investigate the potential mediation mechanism relationship in the connection between PA, sarcopenia, including its elements (muscle strength, physical performance, and skeletal muscle mass), and falls among Chinese older people. The subjects were 3592 community-dwelling Chinese aged 60 or over, selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). PA was evaluated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and sarcopenia was determined through the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 guidelines. We employed logistic regression to explore the link between physical activity, sarcopenia, and falls. Additionally, we applied Karlson, Holm and Breen’s (KHB) method to estimate two different mediation models. The results demonstrated that PA lowers the risk of falls [odds ratio (OR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.61], whereas sarcopenia increases the risk of falls (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.16–1.55). Sarcopenia mediated the association between PA and falls, explaining a total of 2.69% of the association (indirect effect = −0.02). PA also had a significant mediating effect on the association between sarcopenia and falls, explaining a total of 20.12% of the association (indirect effect = 0.06). The proportion mediated by sarcopenia was 2.69% for PA and falls (indirect effect = −0.02). Our findings suggest that PA and sarcopenia have a direct effect on falls as well as an indirect effect through each other. Enhancing PA levels and preventing sarcopenia may help prevent falls in older adults.
Epigenetic Profiling of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study of DNA Methylation in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

Diabetes is characterized by persistently high blood glucose levels and severe complications and affects millions of people worldwide. In this study, we explored the epigenetic landscape of diabetes using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), specifically the Ansung–Ansan (AS–AS) cohort. Using epigenome-wide association studies, we investigated DNA methylation patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those with normal glucose regulation. Differential methylation analysis revealed 106 differentially methylated probes (DMPs), with the 10 top DMPs prominently associated with TXNIP, PDK4, NBPF20, ARRDC4, UFM1, PFKFB2, C7orf50, and ABCG1, indicating significant changes in methylation. Correlation analysis highlighted the association between the leading DMPs (e.g., cg19693031 and cg26974062 for TXNIP and cg26823705 for NBPF20) and key glycemic markers (fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c), confirming their relevance in T2DM. Moreover, we identified 62 significantly differentially methylated regions (DMRs) spanning 61 genes. A DMR associated with PDE1C showed hypermethylation, whereas DMRs associated with DIP2C, FLJ90757, PRSS50, and TDRD9 showed hypomethylation. PDE1C and TDRD9 showed a strong positive correlation between the CpG sites included in each DMR, which have previously been implicated in T2DM-related processes. This study contributes to the understanding of epigenetic modifications in T2DM. These valuable insights can be utilized in identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for effective management and prevention of diabetes.
Social Commerce Adoption Model Based on Usability, Perceived Risks, and Institutional Trust

Insta-shopping [type of social commerce (s-commerce)] has emerged as a new shopping model whereby people engage in purchasing activities via social media platforms. In this study, we evaluate the factors influencing consumer shopping intentions by building a novel hierarchical adoption model that combines users' perceived risks with institution-based trust, usability factors, social influence, and other relevant factors. After surveying 267 s-commerce users, we used structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis with Amos 25 to verify the model statistically. All the paths were found to be statistically significant, and perceived risks were found to be influenced by institution-based trust and usability. Social influence, perceived page quality, and hedonic motivation influenced institution-based trust, while habits and price value impacted behavioral intentions. This study contributes a genuine model and causal relationships to the theoretical basis of the Insta-shopping literature and the Middle Eastern and Gulf context. It indicates how practitioners, including shoppers and merchants, could have a better shopping experience and outcomes. We also discuss the limitations of this study and future research directions.
Technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge for technology integration: a systematic literature review

Many empirical studies used technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) to evaluate technology integration in education. However, systematic reviews on TPACK, related to technology integration in education are still limited, linked to the TPACK and technology integration issue. Therefore, this systematic literature reviews TPACK-based studies from 2010 to 2022, focusing on three topics: instruments to assess TPACK, TPACK domains’ inter-correlation, and TPACK relationships with technology integration. This systematic literature review implemented PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). The study used Science Direct as a platform for articles’ search with three keywords, namely TPACK, preservice teacher; TPCK, preservice teacher; and TPACK, preservice teacher, technology integration. There were 28 articles reviewed. The findings informed 11 articles regarding scales to assess TPACK. There were nine articles reported TPACK domains’ intercorrelation and 10 articles informed TPACK relationships with technology integration. This study could significantly contribute to advancing knowledge regarding instruments to assess TPACK, TPACK factors inter-correlation, and TPACK and technology integration.