Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interfacing by Iconic Metaphors

Operating a computer is quite easy nowadays. We all click our way through our desktops, we all know how to open our e-mail, how to save files in folders. Working with computers has become such a common practice that we barely realize how these actions are framed by metaphors. Our first association with “cleaning a desktop” has probably more to do with deleting unused icons and files than with polishing a work-table surface. Behind our personal computer we are all disciplined office workers.1 Yet, while most operating metaphors are drawn from an office setting, we have no problem when they blend with metaphors from other settings, such as home, play, menu, or window. Reading these metaphorical signs—no matter whether they come as words or pictures—and using them as tools usually goes on seamlessly: “what you see is what you get. ” But, as we all know, sometimes things go wrong. Sometimes the sign/tools on our screen do not yield the expected results. Then the machine closes itself for us as users, and suddenly exposes its status as a black box—an opaque, unknown machinery between input and output. In this article, I aim to track down what exactly happens when we are reading/operating a computer, and how metaphors enable or disable our access to black boxes. First, I introduce some basic
Targeting CDK6 in cancer: State of the art and new insights

Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) plays a vital role in regulating the progression of the cell cycle. More recently, CDK6 has also been shown to have a transcriptional role in tumor angiogenesis. Up-regulated CDK6 activity is associated with the development of several types of cancers. While CDK6 is over-expressed in cancer cells, it has a low detectable level in non-cancerous cells and CDK6-null mice develop normally, suggesting a specific oncogenic role of CDK6, and that its inhibition may represent an ideal mechanism-based and low toxic therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Identification of selective small molecule inhibitors of CDK6 is thus needed for drug development. Herein, we review the latest understandings of the biological regulation and oncogenic roles of CDK6. The potential clinical relevance of CDK6 inhibition, the progress in the development of small-molecule CDK6 inhibitors and the rational design of potential selective CDK6 inhibitors are also discussed.
Entrepreneurship and social inclusion

Women in the UK frequently do not consider business ownership as an alternative to other forms of employment or as a means to gain economic benefits. The number of women currently entering in to businesses in the North of England is decreasing and is less than half of that in the South. This paper examines the preliminary findings from a longitudinal study exploring the socially created barriers to business start‐up that inhibit the growth of women entrepreneurs and how they may be removed. The study employed an action research approach to investigate the experiences of UK women entering into micro and small business ownership, emphasising the social construction of many of the barriers faced by women in the pursuit of business ownership. In doing so it examined personal and motivational factors surrounding the start‐up process, the economic and physical barriers encountered, as well as the perceived and actual support and advice available to women.
Forward Error Correction in Sensor Networks

In any network, there are two basic methods to recover errorneous packets. One way is to use Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and another is Forward Error Correction (FEC). Since, in sensor networks, power is scarce and is primarily consumed by wireless transmission and reception, we would prefer to use FEC rather than ARQ. In this paper we determine empirically the error characteristics of wireless transmission signals, and from that, we implement and evaluate dieren t types of encoding schemes that are shown to be successful in reducing the error rates.
Non-Linear Markov Modelling Using Canonical Variate Analysis: Forecasting Exchange Rate Volatility

We report on a novel forecasting method based on nonlinear Markov modelling and canonical variate analysis, and investigate the use of a prediction algorithm to forecast conditional volatility. In particular, we assess the dynamic behaviour of the model by forecasting exchange rate volatility. It is found that the nonlinear Markov model can forecast exchange rate volatility significantly better than the GARCH(1,1) model due to its flexibility in accommodating nonlinear dynamic patterns in volatility, which are not captured by the linear GARCH(1,1) model.
Sex-Linked Differentiation Between Incipient Species of Anopheles gambiae

Emerging species within the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae show different ecological preferences and significant prezygotic reproductive isolation. They are defined by fixed sequence differences in X-linked rDNA, but most previous studies have failed to detect large and significant differentiation between these taxa elsewhere in the genome, except at two other loci on the X chromosome near the rDNA locus. Hypothesizing that this pericentromeric region of the X chromosome may be accumulating differences faster than other regions of the genome, we explored the pattern and extent of differentiation between A. gambiae incipient species and a sibling species, A. arabiensis, from Burkina Faso, West Africa, at 17 microsatellite loci spanning the X chromosome. Interspecific differentiation was large and significant across the entire X chromosome. Among A. gambiae incipient species, we found some of the highest levels of differentiation recorded in a large region including eight independent loci near the centromere of the X chromosome. Outside of this region, no significant differentiation was detected. This pattern suggests that selection is playing a role in the emergence of A. gambiae incipient species. This process, associated with efficient exploitation of anthropogenic modifications to the environment, has public health implications as it fosters the spread of malaria transmission both spatially and temporally.
Guidelines Heart rate variability Standards of measurement , physiological interpretation , and clinical use

The last two decades have witnessed the recognition of a significant relationship between the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular mortality, including sudden cardiac death. Experimental evidence for an association between a propensity for lethal arrhythmias and signs of either increased sympathetic or reduced vagal activity has encouraged the development of quantitative markers of autonomic activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) represents one of the most promising such markers. The apparently easy derivation of this measure has popularized its use. As many commercial devices now provide automated measurement of HRV, the cardiologist has been provided with a seemingly simple tool for both research and clinical studies. However, the significance and meaning of the many different measures of HRV are more complex than generally appreciated and there is a potential for incorrect conclusions and for excessive or unfounded extrapolations. Recognition of these problems led the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology to constitute a Task Force charged with the responsibility of developing appropriate standards. The specific goals of this Task Force were to: standardize nomenclature and develop definitions of terms; specify standard methods of measurement; define physiological and pathophysiological correlates; describe currently appropriate clinical applications, and identify areas for future research. In order to achieve these goals, the members of the Task Force were drawn from the fields of mathematics, engineering, physiology, and clinical medicine. The standards and proposals offered in this text should not limit further development but, rather, should allow appropriate comparisons, promote circumspect interpretations, and lead to further progress in the field. The phenomenon that is the focus of this report is the oscillation in the interval between consecutive heart beats as well as the oscillations between consecutive instantaneous heart rates. ‘Heart Rate Variability’ has become the conventionally accepted term to describe variations of both instantaneous heart rate and RR intervals. In order to describe oscillation in consecutive cardiac cycles, other terms have been used in the literature, for example cycle length variability, heart period variability, RR variability and RR interval tachogram, and they more appropriately emphasize the fact that it is the interval between consecutive beats that is being analysed rather than the heart rate per se. However, these terms have not gained as wide acceptance as HRV, thus we will use the term HRV in this document.
Precessing jets interacting with interstellar material as the origin for the light curves of gamma-ray bursts

We present an internal shock model with external characteristics for explaining the complicated light curves of gamma-ray bursts. Shocks produce gamma-rays in the interaction between a precessing beam of relativistic particles and the interstellar medium. Each time the particle beam passes the same line of sight with the observer the interstellar medium is pushed outward. Subsequent interactions between the medium and the beam are delayed by the extra distance to be travelled for the particles before the shock can form. This results in a natural retardation and leads to an intrinsic asymmetry in the light curves produced for gamma-ray bursts. In addition, we account for the cooling of the electron–proton plasma in the shocked region, which gives rise to an exponential decay in the gamma-ray flux. The combination of these effects and the precessing jet of ultrarelativistic particles produces light curves that can be directly compared with observed gamma-ray burst light curves. We illustrate the model by fitting a number of observed gamma-ray bursts that are difficult to explain with only a precessing jet. We develop a genetic algorithm to fit several observed gamma-ray bursts with remarkable accuracy. We find that for different bursts the observed fluence, assuming isotropic emission, easily varies over four orders of magnitude from the energy generated intrinsically.
Growth in Varieties of Multioperator Algebras and Groebner Bases in Operads

We consider varieties of linear multioperator algebras, that is, classes of algebras with several multilinear operations satisfying certain identities. To each such a variety one can assign a numerical sequence called a sequence of codimensions. The n-th codimension is equal to the dimension of the vector space of all n-linear operations in the free algebra of the variety. In recent decades, a new approach to such a sequence has appeared based on the fact that the union of the above vector spaces carries the structure of algebraic operad, so that the generating function of the codimension sequence is equal to the generating series of the operad. We show that in general there does not exist an algorithm to decide whether the growth exponent of the codimension sequence of the variety defined by given finite sets of operations and identities is equal to a given rational number. In particular, we solve negatively a recent conjecture by Bremner and Dotsenko by showing that the set of codimension sequences of varieties defined by a bounded number and degrees of operations and identities is infinite. Then we discuss algorithms which in many cases calculate the generating functions of the codimension series in the form of a defining algebraic or differential equation. For a more general class of varieties, these algorithms give upper and lower bounds for the codimensions in terms of generating functions. The upper bound is just a formal power series satisfying an algebraic equation defined effectively by the generators and the identities of the variety. The first stage of an algorithm for the lower bound is the construction of a Groebner basis of the operad. If the Groebner basis happens to be finite and satisfies mild restrictions, a recent theorem by the author and Anton Khoroshkin guarantees that the desired generating function is either algebraic or differential algebraic. We describe algorithms producing such equations. In the case of infinite Groebner basis, these algorithms applied to its finite subsets give lower bounds for the generating function of the codimension sequence.
Comparability of Results between Point-of-Care and Automated Instruments to Measure B-type Natriuretic Peptide

Objectives: Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. The incorporation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurements when triaging patients presenting with shortness of breath has improved the diagnostic and prognostic ability of physicians. Currently, there are no point-of-care systems for quantifying BNP that can be used without sacrificing accuracy. We compared the analytical performance of the Abbott i-STAT analyzer, a handheld point-of-care system for measuring BNP, with the lab-based system, the Abbott ARCHITECT. Methods: One-hundred fifty samples were collected from three clinical settings: 41 from the Emergency Department, 58 from the inpatient wards, and 51 from heart failure outpatient clinics. Linear regression and bias difference analyses were run to evaluate the accuracy of the i-STAT. Correlation between the i-STAT and Architect BNP values were made with values of BNP. Results: The correlation coefficient was r=0.977 (N=150, p<.0001). The average bias was significant (-36) and there were concentration-dependent differences at higher BNP values. Precision of the i-STAT was poor compared to the lab-based platform. Conclusion: Although the precision of the i-STAT was poor, there was good clinical agreement between the i-STAT and the lab-based platform.
Astrometric versus Spectroscopic Radial Velocities 1

The apparent radial velocity of a star, as deduced from wavelength shifts, comprises not merely its true velocity, but also components arising from dynamics in the star’s atmosphere, gravitational redshift, and other effects. For the Sun, such phenomena can be segregated since the relative Sun-Earth motion is known from planetary system dynamics. This is now becoming possible also for other stars, whose true radial motions are determined through space astrometry. A study of the differences between accurate astrometric velocities (from Hipparcos), and precise spectroscopic values (from ELODIE) is in progress. Data for cool stars in the Hyades indicate a tendency of relative blueshifts among earlier main-sequence F-type stars, and in giants. This is theoretically expected: an increased convective blueshift due to the more vigorous convection in F-stars, and a decreased gravitational redshift in giants.
Reconsolidation of a well-learned instrumental memory

Once consolidated, memories are dynamic entities that go through phases of instability in order to be updated with new information, via a process of reconsolidation. The phenomenon of reconsolidation has been demonstrated in a wide variety of experimental paradigms. However, the memories underpinning instrumental behaviors are currently not believed to reconsolidate. We show that well-learned lever pressing in rats does undergo reconsolidation, which can be disrupted by systemic administration of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-SH-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) when administered prior to a switch to a variable, but not fixed, ratio schedule. Disruption of reconsolidation resulted in a reduction in long-term lever pressing performance and diminished the sensitivity of behavior to contingency change. Further investigation demonstrated that expression of the reconsolidation impairment was not affected by outcome value, implying a deficit in a stimulus–response (S–R) process. The ability to disrupt the performance of well-learned instrumental behaviors is potentially of great importance in the development of reconsolidation-based clinical treatments for conditions that involve compulsive seeking behaviors.
Service-Oriented Modeling: An Ontology-based Approach

Service-oriented computing has been obtaining more and more attention recently. Current works mainly concentrate on the service products and the standards to realize service-oriented computing. An important unaddressed problem is service-oriented modeling that is one of the fundamental elements you need to support SOA. This paper proposes an ontology-based approach for service-oriented modeling. This approach introduces hierarchical ontology systems in specific domain, which not only facilitate service reuse, but also facilitate reuse of application templates, collaboration patterns and workflows. This paper also presents an iterative process for service-oriented modeling.
A Variational EM Algorithm for the Separation of Time-Varying Convolutive Audio Mixtures

This paper addresses the problem of separating audio sources from time-varying convolutive mixtures. We propose a probabilistic framework based on the local complex-Gaussian model combined with non-negative matrix factorization. The time-varying mixing filters are modeled by a continuous temporal stochastic process. We present a variational expectation-maximization (VEM) algorithm that employs a Kalman smoother to estimate the time-varying mixing matrix, and that jointly estimate the source parameters. The sound sources are then separated by Wiener filters constructed with the estimators provided by the VEM algorithm. Extensive experiments on simulated data show that the proposed method outperforms a blockwise version of a state-of-the-art baseline method.
Rapid Bootstrapping of Word Sense Disambiguation Resources for German

This paper presents ongoing efforts on developing Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) resources for the German language, using GermaNet as a basis. We bootstrap two WSD systems for German. (i) We enrich GermaNet with predominant sense information, following previous unsupervised methods to acquire predominant senses of words. The acquired predominant sense information is used as a type-based first sense heuristics for token-level WSD. (ii) As an alternative, we adapt a state-of-theart knowledge-based WSD system to the GermaNet lexical resource. We finally investigate the hypothesis of whether the two systems are complementary by combining their output within a voting architecture. The results show that we are able to bootstrap two robust baseline systems for word sense annotation of German words.
Restoration of shock‐suppressed behavior by treatment with (+)‐5‐methyl‐10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[a, d]cyclohepten‐5, 10‐imine (MK‐801), a substance with potent anticonvulsant, central sympathomimetic, and apparent anxiolytic properties

MK‐801 was evaluated in rats for “antipunishment” and “anticonflict” activity in two procedures: (1) A conditioned emotional response (CER) test involving the suppression of lever‐pressing by unaviodable shock and (2) a simple conflict test in water‐deprived animals that were shocked for licking water. The effect of MK‐801 in both procedures was qualitatively similar to the benzodiazepines. Lever‐pressing in the CER test was increased by MK‐801 at doses ranging from 50–400 μg/kg administered orally (p.o.) at either 0.5 or 2 hours prior to testing. The number of shocks received in the “thirsty rat” conflict procedure was increased by MK‐801 at doses from 110–1,000 μg/kg p.o. , providing the compound was given 2 or more hours before test. MK‐801 was without anticonflict activity when administered 1 hour prior to study.
Educating Succeeding Generation Entrepreneurs in Family Businesses – The Case of Slovenia

Succession has been recognized as one of the major problems of family businesses and, for this reason, has become one of the most researched topics in the family business research field [2, 48, 50]. Family businesses represent an important share in the structure of all firms. According to research findings, more than 70% of all firms worldwide [45] are family ones, most of them being micro, small or medium-sized firms (SMEs). According to some research results, such as [20, 32], between 40% and 80% of Slovenian businesses are family SMEs, with the majority owned by the first generation of the family [17]. Recently, the discussion in Slovenia has focused on the problem of transferring family firms to the next generation. Family SMEs established in the 1990s are approaching the critical phase of transferring firms to the next generation. Owners/managers of these firms, mostly founders, have practically no experience in managing the succession process due to the lack of a succession tradition in Slovenia. As Slovenia is one of the innovation followers with a below average performance, the enhance‐ ment of innovativeness and entrepreneurial orientation of successors and their firms is of crucial importance for the future of Slovenia as an innovative society.
Identification of homogeneously staining regions in leukemia patients

Homogeneously staining regions (HSR) or double minute chromosomes (dmin) are autonomously replicating extra-chromosomal elements that are frequently associated with gene amplification in a variety of cancers. The diagnosis of leukemia patients was based on characterization of the leukemic cells obtained from bone marrow cytogenetics. This study report two cases, one with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia without maturation (AML-M1), aged 23-year-old female, and the other with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-blast crisis, a 28-year-old female associated with double minute chromosomes. Most cases of acute myeloid leukemia with dmin in the literature (including our cases) have been diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukemia.
Abnormal central visual pathways in the brain of an albino green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops)

The visual pathways of an albino green monkey have been studied electrophysiologically and by autoradiographic methods. The monkey had a white coat and pink eyes; it had a strabismus and a nystagmus. When comparisons were made with normal macaque and green monkeys, several abnormalities could be defined. In the retina there was no foveal pit. A whole mount preparation showed a central area of high ganglion cell density in which the ganglion cells were significantly larger than the most central ganglion cells of a normal monkey. More peripheral retinal areas showed an apparently normal distribution of ganglion cell sizes and packing densities. Within the optic tract the number of uncrossed retinofugal fibers was less than normal, the part of the tract that represents central vision showing almost no uncrossed component. The uncrossed input to the lateral geniculate nucleus and to the superior colliculus was similarly reduced. Regions normally receiving ipsilateral afferents from the central retina were innervated exclusively by crossed afferents. The pathways to the magnocellular geniculate layers showed a more extensive abnormality than did the pathways to the parvicellular layers. Not only were the afferents to the geniculate layers abnormal, but the laminar pattern in the nucleus was also abnormal. The distinction between magno‐ and parvicellular layers was less clear than normal in some parts of the nucleus, and there were a number of abnormal laminar fusions. Within the visual cortex it was possible to demonstrate a normal mapping of the contralateral visual field through the contralateral nasal retina and through the peripheral parts of the ipsilateral temporal retina. The central parts of the temporal retina mapped abnormally in the contralateral visual cortex, so that there was a monocular map of the central parts of the visual field forming as a mirror reversal of the normal map. The normal map of the contralateral hemifield formed columns that alternated with the abnormal map of the ipsilateral hemifield. The peripheral parts of the visual field were represented as ocular dominance columns, demonstrable electrophysiologically and also by the transneuronal transport of 3H‐proline.