Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Flicker Change Detection Task Reveals Object-in-Scene Memory Across Species

Tests of recognition memory in macaques typically assay memory for objects or isolated images, over time spans of seconds to hours from stimulus presentation, and/or require extensive training. Here, we propose a new application of the flicker change detection task that could measure object-in-scene memory days after single-trial exposures. In three experiments, participants searched for a changing object – or “target” – embedded within a scene as their eye movements were tracked. For new targets-in-scenes, the change is difficult to detect and requires extensive search. Once the target is found, however, the change becomes obvious. We reasoned that the decreased times required to find a target in a repeated scene would indicate memory for the target. In humans, targets were found faster when the targets-and-scenes were explicitly remembered than when they were forgotten, or had never been seen before. This led to faster repeated-trial compared to novel-trial search times. Based solely on repeated-trial search times, we were able to select distributions comprised of predominantly remembered or predominantly forgotten trials. Macaques exhibited the same repetition effects as humans, suggesting that remembered trials could be dissociated from novel or forgotten trials using the same procedures we established in humans. Finally, an anterograde amnesic patient with damage that included the medial temporal lobe (MTL) showed no search time differences, suggesting that memory revealed through search times on this task requires MTL integrity. Together, these findings indicate that the time required to locate a changing object reveals object-in-scene memory over long retention intervals in humans and macaques.
Degradation of wild‐type alpha‐synuclein by a molecular chaperone leads to reduced aggregate formation

Alpha‐synuclein, a presynaptic protein, was found to be the major component in the Lewy bodies (LB) in an age‐related neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's disease (PD). Even though the function of alpha‐synuclein is not completely understood, it has been demonstrated to spontaneously aggregate into amyloid fibrils. With the aim of inhibiting aggregate formation, a molecular chaperone protein, Hsp104p, was investigated since it rescues cells from stress by resolubilizing denatured proteins from insoluble aggregates, in vivo as well as in vitro. Here, in order to examine whether Hsp104p functions as a regulator of aggregate formation for alpha‐synuclein, we expressed the His‐tagged wild‐type (wt) synuclein and the glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)‐tagged Hsp104p in bacterial systems. Using thioflavin‐T fluorescence assays, significant protection against fibril formation was observed with wt Hsp104p regardless of the presence of ATP, but not with mutant Hsp104p. To a lesser extent, the dissociation effect of wild‐type Hsp104p was observed only in the presence of ATP. Interaction between Hsp104p and synuclein was also investigated using a GST pull‐down experiment. Interestingly, Hsp104p degraded alpha‐synuclein in a concentration‐dependent manner with the synergistic assistance of ATP. These results suggest that Hsp104p could be developed as a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of protein aggregation‐related neurodegenerative disease. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bandwidth enhancement of a compact antenna based on the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) Transmission-Line (TL)

A new composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metametrial antenna with wide bandwidth is presented. Enhancement to the bandwidth of the structure was achieved by incorporating parallel plate between the vias and the ground planes. The plates serve to reduce the shunt capacitance of the structure. The proposed antenna is a tri-band and its length, width and height at the first resonant frequency are lambda0/26, lambda0/26 and lambda0/27, respectively; where, lambda0 is the free space wavelength.
Conduction in Segmentally Demyelinated Mammalian Central Axons

The prominent symptoms associated with central demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are primarily caused by conduction deficits in affected axons. The symptoms may go into remission, but the mechanisms underlying remissions are uncertain. One factor that could be important is the restoration of conduction to affected axons, but it is not known whether demyelinated central axons resemble their peripheral counterparts in being able to conduct in the absence of repair by remyelination. In the present study we have made intra-axonal recordings from central axons affected by a demyelinating lesion, and then the axons have been labeled ionophoretically to permit their subsequent identification. Ultrastructural examination of 23 labeled preparations has established that some segmentally demyelinated central axons can conduct, and that they can do so over continuous lengths of demyelination exceeding several internodes (2500 μm). Such segmentally demyelinated central axons were found to conduct with the anticipated reduction in velocity and a refractory period of transmission (RPT) as much as 34 times the value obtained from the nondemyelinated portion of the same axon; the RPT was typically prolonged to 2–5 times the normal value. We conclude that some segmentally demyelinated central axons can conduct, and we propose that the restoration of conduction to such axons is likely to contribute to the remissions commonly observed in diseases such as MS.
Neurological assessment in the first two years of life : instruments for the follow-up of high-risk newborns

Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 176 The book provides a review of the state of the art of neurological assessment in the first two years of life and identifies the most appropriate instruments for the follow-up of newborns who are at risk of developing neurological abnormalities. After a brief description of the neurophysiological basis of development in the first years, the book provides a comprehensive review of the various methods used for the neurological assessment in young infants describing how a combined approach of clinical and instrumental investigations can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information. The first part of the book describes the most used clinical neurological examinations and their applications in infants with neurological abnormalities, followed by a description of the value of neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques in normal preterm and full term infants in the first two years and the main types of abnormal MR findings of neurophysiological findings (EEG and evoked potentials) in relation to brain lesions. Other sections include chapters describing techniques assessing specific aspects of cognitive, perceptual and sensory abilities. Special attention is given to hearing, language and communication and to development of vision and visual attention both in normal infants and in those with neonatal brain lesions. The final chapters are devoted to intervention, describing how the identification of specific profiles of impairment can lead to the development of appropriate plans of early intervention.
The orbifold Chow ring of toric Deligne-Mumford stacks

Generalizing toric varieties, we introduce toric Deligne-Mumford stacks which correspond to combinatorial data. The main result in this paper is an explicit calculation of the orbifold Chow ring of a toric Deligne-Mumford stack. As an application, we prove that the orbifold Chow ring of the toric Deligne-Mumford stack associated to a simplicial toric variety is a flat deformation of (but is not necessarily isomorphic to) the Chow ring of a crepant resolution.
Analysis of physiological responses from multiple subjects for emotion recognition

Psychological disorders, including emotion and behavioral disorders, are common in the modern society. For example, previous studies by the New Zealand Mental Health Survey and the US National Co-morbidity Surveys (NCS), have found that the incidence of depression from ages 18 to 32 to be around 18%. Thus, there is a need to effectively monitor the emotional or affective states of these patients with psychological illness. Whilst real-time and continuous psychological monitoring systems are still not prevalent, the monitoring of physiological signals are made easier with mobile sensors that can be attached to the human body. These physiological signals can then be processed using an embedded processor to provide an alternative means for automatic emotion recognition. However, for such a system to be developed, the relationship between physiological and psychological signals has to be understood. This paper aims to address this by investigating the relationship between the emotional experiences from multiple subjects and their physiological responses, including the skin conductance, heart rate, respiration and movements of the facial muscles. In summary, preliminary evaluations described in this paper demonstrated that the heart rate, respiration, blood volume pulse and electromyography signals have an impact on the recognition rate achievable by the proposed multi-user physiological response-based emotion detection system.
“All work and no play … ?” : a critical investigation of an emerging public health discourse on children’s play

In the context of what has been termed a childhood obesity ‘epidemic’, public health institutions have recently begun to emphasise ‘active play’ as a means of addressing childhood obesity, thus advancing play for health. Drawing on Foucault, this paper problematises how children’s play is being taken up as a health practice and further considers some of the effects this may have for children. Six Canadian public health websites were examined from which 150 documents addressing children’s health, physical activity, obesity, leisure activities and play were selected and coded deductively (theoretical themes) and inductively (emerging themes). Bacchi’s (2009) question posing approach to critical discourse analysis deepened our analysis of dominant narratives. Findings suggest several taken-for-granted assumptions underlie this discourse: a) play viewed as a productive activity legitimises it as a health practice; b) tropes of ‘fun’ and ‘pleasure’ are drawn on to promote physical activity; c) children are encouraged to self-govern their leisure time to be health promoting. We underscore the need to recognise this discourse as contingent, as one of many ways of conceptualising children's leisure activities, and of thinking about children’s health and social lives more generally. Word count (abstract): 188 Word Count (main body, table, acknowledgments and references): 8519
Action Research as Primary Vehicle for Inquiry in the Professional Development School

This Yearbook chapter, a compilation of multiple sources, presents both the history of action research and an analysis of reported action research in the professional development school (PDS) between 1992 and 2010. The history begins prior to the inception of the PDS and provides a theoretical premise for action research in the PDS in subsequent years. Sixtyfour action research PDS articles used to develop the chapter, derived from EBSCOhost searches, resulted in 38, or 59%, of the articles from ERIC databases. The remaining 26 articles, or 41%, were published in refereed and nonrefereed journals. The 33 other sources used for the chapter consisted of books, chapters in books, reports, Web pages, and monographs from agencies. The chapter represents an in-depth study of action research in the PDS with recommendations for future practice and collaboration. According to the Center for Collaborative Action Research (2010), action research is defined as
A Unifying Energy-Based Approach to Stability of Power Grids With Market Dynamics

In this paper, a unifying energy-based approach is provided to the modeling and stability analysis of power systems coupled with market dynamics. We consider a standard model of the power network with a third-order model for the synchronous generators involving voltage dynamics. By applying the primal-dual gradient method to a social welfare optimization, a distributed dynamic pricing algorithm is obtained, which can be naturally formulated in port-Hamiltonian form. By interconnection with the physical model a closed-loop port-Hamiltonian system is obtained, whose properties are exploited to prove asymptotic stability to the set of optimal points. This result is extended to the case that also general nodal power constraints are included into the social welfare problem. Additionally, the case of line congestion and power transmission costs in acyclic networks is covered. Finally, a dynamic pricing algorithm is proposed that does not require knowledge about the power supply and demand.
How does treatment help? : on the modes of therapeutic action of psychoanalytic psychotherapy

It's coming again, the new collection that this site has. To complete your curiosity, we offer the favorite how does treatment help on the modes of therapeutic action of psychoanalytic psychotherapy workshop series of the american psychoanalytic associat book as the choice today. This is a book that will show you even new to old thing. Forget it; it will be right for you. Well, when you are really dying of how does treatment help on the modes of therapeutic action of psychoanalytic psychotherapy workshop series of the american psychoanalytic associat , just pick it. You know, this book is always making the fans to be dizzy if not to find.
Aspergillus species in indoor environments and their possible occupational and public health hazards

The genus Aspergillus, which consists of a few hundred opportunistic mold species found in various climatic conditions, causes diseases including localized infections, fatal diseases, allergic responses, and inhaled conidia in humans. Herein, we present an overview of the most common diseases and allergic infections caused by Aspergillus species and their associated health hazards in various indoor environments worldwide.
Imaging the interaction of HIV-1 genomes and Gag during assembly of individual viral particles

The incorporation of viral genomes into particles has never previously been imaged in live infected cells. Thus, for many viruses it is unknown how the recruitment and packaging of genomes into virions is temporally and spatially related to particle assembly. Here, we devised approaches to simultaneously image HIV-1 genomes, as well as the major HIV-1 structural protein, Gag, to reveal their dynamics and functional interactions during the assembly of individual viral particles. In the absence of Gag, HIV-1 RNA was highly dynamic, moving in and out of the proximity of the plasma membrane. Conversely, in the presence of Gag, RNA molecules docked at the membrane where their lateral movement slowed and then ceased as Gag assembled around them and they became irreversibly anchored. Viral genomes were not retained at the membrane when their packaging signals were mutated, nor when expressed with a Gag mutant that was not myristoylated. In the presence of a Gag mutant that retained membrane- and RNA-binding activities but could not assemble into particles, the viral RNA docked at the membrane but continued to drift laterally and then often dissociated from the membrane. These results, which provide visualization of the recruitment and packaging of genomes into individual virus particles, demonstrate that a small number of Gag molecules recruit viral genomes to the plasma membrane where they nucleate the assembly of complete virions.
Segment Controlled Window Shape to Compute Disparity Map from Stereo Images

correspondence mapping is the fundamental problem to achieve human like vision capabilities to machines and robots. Many local and global algorithms have been reported in literature in the last decade. Window-based cost aggregation methods for solving the correspondence problem have attracted researches as it can be implemented in real time using parallel processors. In this paper a new window-based stereo matching algorithm with segment controlled window at each pixel to compute disparity map has been proposed. The proposed method uses sum of square difference correlation function on the window. In the proposed algorithm, pixels of square window which lie on the same segment to which the center pixel belongs are only considered while creating the window. Further, left-right consistency check is applied to generate disparity map taking full advantage of speed and simplicity of window based method.
Persistent-homology-based gait recognition

Gait recognition is an important biometric technique for video surveillance tasks, due to the advantage of using it at distance. In this paper, we present a persistent homology-based method to extract topological features (the so-called {\it topological gait signature}) from the the body silhouettes of a gait sequence. % It has been used before in several conference papers of the same authors for human identification, gender classification, carried object detection and monitoring human activities at distance. % The novelty of this paper is the study of the stability of the topological gait signature under small perturbations and the number of gait cycles contained in a gait sequence. In other words, we show that the topological gait signature is robust to the presence of noise in the body silhouettes and to the number of gait cycles contained in a given gait sequence. % We also show that computing our topological gait signature of only the lowest fourth part of the body silhouette, we avoid the upper body movements that are unrelated to the natural dynamic of the gait, caused for example by carrying a bag or wearing a coat.
The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative

Combined intakes of specific dietary fiber and fat subtypes protect against colon cancer in animal models. We evaluated associations between self-reported individual and combinations of fiber (insoluble, soluble, and pectins, specifically) and fat (omega-6, omega-3, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), specifically) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in the Women’s Health Initiative prospective cohort (n = 134,017). During a mean 11.7 years (1993–2010), 1952 incident CRC cases were identified. Cox regression models computed multivariate adjusted hazard ratios to estimate the association between dietary factors and CRC risk. Assessing fiber and fat individually, there was a modest trend for lower CRC risk with increasing intakes of total and insoluble fiber (p-trend 0.09 and 0.08). An interaction (p = 0.01) was observed between soluble fiber and DHA + EPA, with protective effects of DHA + EPA with lower intakes of soluble fiber and an attenuation at higher intakes, however this association was no longer significant after correction for multiple testing. These results suggest a modest protective effect of higher fiber intake on CRC risk, but not in combination with dietary fat subtypes. Given the robust results in preclinical models and mixed results in observational studies, controlled dietary interventions with standardized intakes are needed to better understand the interaction of specific fat and fiber subtypes on colon biology and ultimately CRC susceptibility in humans.
Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Gastrointestinal Tract: Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature

Luminal gastrointestinal (GI) metastases from breast cancer are rare, reports are fragmentary and poor. The purposes of this study are to assess the gastrointestinal involvement from breast cancer in a retrospective study at a single institution and reviewing the related literature. Between January 2007 and December 2011 a total of 980 patients with breast cancer were treated at our institution, patients' records and report database were analysed. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. A search of the literature using PubMed, CancerLit, Embase, was performed. Selected for the present review were papers published in English before June 2012. Five of 980 patients (0.5%) showed gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer, 3 patients had gastric involvement, 1 jejunum, and 1 rectum. Reviewing the literature, 206 patients affected by gastrointestinal metastasis from breast cancer were identified: the most frequent site of metastasis was the stomach (60%). The majority of the patients underwent chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, someone surgery and radiotherapy. GI metastases from breast cancer are rare, but possible, and a very late recurrence can also occur. Cyto-histological diagnosis is mandatory, to differentiate GI metastases from breast cancer to other diseases and to allow an adequate treatment.
TCR and IL-7 Receptor Signals Can Operate Independently or Synergize to Promote Lymphopenia-Induced Expansion of Naive T Cells1

TCR and cytokine signals induce naive T cells to undergo spontaneous divisions as part of a homeostatic response to conditions of T cell deficiency. The conditions under which these signals evoke the homeostatic response and their interaction with each other are poorly understood, and yet are very important clinically in considering strategies for immune reconstitution. Here, we show that p56lck (lck)-mediated TCR signals and IL-7R signals are each able to stimulate T cell proliferation in lymphopenic hosts independently of one another, but can also synergize to facilitate proliferation. Furthermore, the relative contribution to the homeostatic response by TCR and cytokine signals is not fixed and critically depends on both the degree of lymphopenia and specific characteristics of individual T cell clones. Finally, we show that only lck and not fyn can mediate the TCR-driven proliferation, while neither lck nor fyn is required for IL-7R-induced proliferation.
Patients’ satisfaction with diabetes medications in one hospital, Saudi Arabia

Objectives The main aim of this study was to evaluate diabetic patients’ satisfaction with their treatment. A secondary objective was to assess the relationship between treatment satisfaction scores and patient-related factors, if any. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data from patients at a primary care clinic of a government hospital located in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. Patients were recruited if they were ≥18 years of age, had type 2 diabetes, currently taking oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin or both, and able to read and write in Arabic. Satisfaction was measured using the Diabetes Medication Satisfaction (DiabMedSat) questionnaire. Results One hundred and twenty-three patients completed the questionnaire. The participant mean age was 46 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.2 years; range 18–75 years), and mean duration of the disease was 7.8 years (SD = 6.9 years). Over half of respondents (63%) reported that they were satisfied and only 16% were unsatisfied. Approximately 54% of respondents are interested in changing their diabetes medications. The overall satisfaction score was 59.56 (SD = 15.9). Mean scores for the burden, efficacy, and symptoms domains were 59.81 (SD = 15.7), 58.1 (SD = 22.6), and 60.77 (SD = 22.1), respectively. Treatment factors (eg, type of medication; P < 0.02) and adherence factors (eg, difficulty taking medications; P < 0.032) were independently associated with lower treatment satisfaction. Conclusion Diabetes patients with difficulties in adherence to recommendations, as well as patients treated with insulin, require more attention in order to improve their treatment satisfaction.