Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Penyesuaian distribusi proses keberangkatan sepeda motor dari lahan parkir saat waktu puncak

The study aims to model the distribution of motorcycle departures from the parking lot at peak times with the Poisson process approach. This process involves a discrete number of departures and continuous interdeparture time. The probability distribution candidate was selected to model the data according to the data nature, the stochastic process, and the empirical observation of the departure process. Parameters are estimated using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method and the bootstrapping procedure to construct confidence intervals for the parameter. The goodness-of-fit test is applied to select the best probability distribution that matches empirical data. Inferences to the distribution parameters suggest that Weibull's distribution is more appropriate for describing the motorcycle's inter-departure time. The number of motorcycle departures fits significantly into a negative binomial distribution. The results of the study concluded that the Poisson process applied was a case of overdispersion, with the motorcycle departure rate decreasing over time.Keywords: Bootstrapping, departure, distribution, goodness-of-fit, PoissonMSC2020: 60E05
Assessment of Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier: Animal Models and Methods

Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by the blood–retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic substances. BRB impairment occurs in many retinal vascular diseases and the breakdown of BRB significantly contributes to disease pathology. Understanding the different molecular constituents and signaling pathways involved in BRB development and maintenance is therefore crucial in developing treatment modalities. This review summarizes the major molecular signaling pathways involved in inner BRB (iBRB) formation and maintenance, and representative animal models of eye diseases with retinal vascular leakage. Studies on Wnt/β-catenin signaling are highlighted, which is critical for retinal and brain vascular angiogenesis and barriergenesis. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of vascular leakage are described, along with their advantages and limitations. These pre-clinical animal models and methods for assessing iBRB provide valuable experimental tools in delineating the molecular mechanisms of retinal vascular diseases and evaluating therapeutic drugs.
Fault reactivation potential as a critical factor during reservoir stimulation

Hydraulic stimulation is frequently used to enhance reservoir productivity. The aim of hydraulic stimulation is to increase the formation pressure by fluid injection to create artificial fractures that act as additional fluid pathways. But large-scale fluid injection as applied in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs can also induce seismicity and fault reactivation depending on the reservoir geomechanics and stress regime. Recent case studies in stimulation of geothermal reservoirs have shown induced seismicity as an undesirable side effect which needs to be understood prior to massive fluid injection. Slip tendency analysis has been successfully used to characterize fault slip likelihood and fault slip directions in any stress regime. In our study, we applied slip tendency analysis to assess the reactivation potential of shear and dilational fractures in a deep geothermal reservoir in the North-East German Basin, based on the notion that slip on faults is controlled by the ratio of shear to normal effective stress acting on the plane of weakness. The results from slip tendency analysis are supported by the spatial distribution of recorded microseismicity, which indicates slip rather than extension along a presumed NE-striking failure plane.
Videreutdanning for SMB: Utvikling av dynamiske kapabiliteter i digital transformasjon

En digital og datadrevet økonomi fordrer norske virksomheters evne til omstilling og innovasjon. I mye større grad enn tidligere utfordres derfor behovet for kontinuerlig kompetanseutvikling. I tillegg har covid-19-pandemien fremskyndet både digitalisering og kompetansebehovet i ekspressfart, og regjeringen inviterte universitetssektoren til å styrke digital kompetanse i arbeidslivet gjennom ulike videreutdanningstiltak. Derfor har OsloMet i samarbeid med DigitalNorway designet og gjennomført fleksibel, nettbasert videreutdanning i digital transformasjon. Sentralt i utdanningens emner sto samspillet mellom teori og praktiske verktøy for å styrke digitale omstillingsutfordringer i studentenes egen arbeidspraksis. Det mangler imidlertid essensiell kunnskap om hvordan formell kunnskapstilegnelse innenfor digital transformasjon utvikler studentens evne til å igangsette transformative tiltak i praksis. Artikkelen anvender dynamiske kapabiliteter som teoretisk fundament for å belyse nettopp dette. Artikkelen utforsker hvilke dynamiske kapabiliteter som utvikles som følge av videreutdanningen, og hva effektene er av kompetanseutviklingen for digital omstilling i praksis. Resultatene viser at studentene utviklet tre sentrale dynamiske kapabiliteter: (i) sanse ny forståelse og erkjennelse av digital transformasjon og oppdage nye forretningsmuligheter, (ii) adressere og handle på digitale muligheter, og (iii) påvirke, utvikle og planlegge for digital omstilling. Artikkelen viser betydningen av å kombinere teori og praksis i videreutdanning for at studentene raskt skal kunne anvende ny kompetanse i sine virksomheter eller i fremtidig arbeidspraksis. Slik knytter vårt arbeid også akademia og næringsliv tettere sammen ved å bidra til å operasjonalisere den nasjonale satsingen på livslang læring.
The controversy of transferring the Class Environmental Assessment process to northern Ontario, Canada: the Victor Mine Power Supply Project

Since Canada employs a federated system of government, there are separate environmental assessment (EA) processes at the national and provincial levels. In the Province of Ontario there is a streamlined, pre-approved, self-assessed process for ‘classes’ of projects. It is assumed that Class EA protocol developed in the southern Ontarian context is directly transferable to northern Ontario. A case-based approach, using the Victor Mine transmission line project, was employed to critically examine whether the Class EA template developed in southern Ontario should be applied to the western James Bay region of northern Ontario. Specifically, the two assumptions of Class EAs of predictability and manageability were examined. Interview and document data were used to inform a themed analysis. Results indicate that the western James Bay region is significantly different to southern Ontario. Thus, the Class EA template developed in and for southern Ontario is not transferable to the northern Ontarian context and the application of ‘cookie cutter’ EAs to other sub-arctic and arctic regions must be questioned.
Compact prism spectrometer of pushbroom type for hyperspectral imaging

Imaging spectrometers featuring a grating disperser allow for a compact system design. However, due to the limited diffraction efficiency of the grating these instruments suffer from low throughput and high sensitivity to polarization. Prism spectrometers do not have these disadvantages, but they show a low angular dispersion with noticeable non-linearity, which is the main driver of the overall spectrometer dimensions. The envelope of a prism spectrometer can be significantly decreased when prisms with curved surfaces are used. They allow for a reconfiguration of the concentric Offner relay which is well known for its good imaging quality and its low distortion. In the document at hand a novel type of compact Offner spectrometers with curved prisms is presented. As an example the optic design of EnMAP, a German space born hyperspectral imager is given.
Unraveling the functional instability of bacterial consortia in crude oil degradation via integrated co-occurrence networks

Introduction Soil ecosystems are threatened by crude oil contamination, requiring effective microbial remediation. However, our understanding of the key microbial taxa within the community, their interactions impacting crude oil degradation, and the stability of microbial functionality in oil degradation remain limited. Methods To better understand these key points, we enriched a crude oil-degrading bacterial consortium generation 1 (G1) from contaminated soil and conducted three successive transfer passages (G2, G3, and G4). Integrated Co-occurrence Networks method was used to analyze microbial species correlation with crude oil components across G1-G4. Results and discussion In this study, G1 achieved a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation rate of 32.29% within 10 days. Through three successive transfer passages, G2-G4 consortia were established, resulting in a gradual decrease in TPH degradation to 23.14% at the same time. Specifically, saturated hydrocarbon degradation rates ranged from 18.32% to 14.17% among G1-G4, and only G1 exhibited significant aromatic hydrocarbon degradation (15.59%). Functional annotation based on PICRUSt2 and FAPROTAX showed that functional potential of hydrocarbons degradation diminished across generations. These results demonstrated the functional instability of the bacterial consortium in crude oil degradation. The relative abundance of the Dietzia genus showed the highest positive correlation with the degradation efficiency of TPH and saturated hydrocarbons (19.48, 18.38, p < 0.05, respectively), Bacillus genus demonstrated the highest positive correlation (21.94, p < 0.05) with the efficiency of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. The key scores of Dietzia genus decreased in successive generations. A significant positive correlation (16.56, p < 0.05) was observed between the Bacillus and Mycetocola genera exclusively in the G1 generation. The decline in crude oil degradation function during transfers was closely related to changes in the relative abundance of key genera such as Dietzia and Bacillus as well as their interactions with other genera including Mycetocola genus. Our study identified key bacterial genera involved in crude oil remediation microbiome construction, providing a theoretical basis for the next step in the construction of the oil pollution remediation microbiome.
New, improved version of generic mapping tools released

Version 3.1 of the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) has been released. More than 6000 scientists worldwide are currently using this free, public domain collection of UNIX tools that contains programs serving a variety of research functions. GMT allows users to manipulate (x,y) and (x,y,z) data, and generate PostScript illustrations, including simple x-y diagrams, contour maps, color images, and artificially illuminated, perspective, and/or shaded-relief plots using a variety of map projections (see Wessel and Smith [1991] and Wessel and Smith [1995], for details.). GMT has been installed under UNIX on most types of workstations and both IBM-compatible and Macintosh personal computers.
Behaviour of cadmium and nickel in a soil amended with sewage sludge

Various urban and industrial sewage sludges were applied to a soil at two doses (50 and 100 t ha−1 y−1) during eight years in a field experiment. The soil was analysed at two depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) for extractable cadmium and nickel. In general these trace metal increased with dosage. However, cadmium formed complexes with organic matter and nickel bound to iron and manganese oxides. Hence, the available fractions of these metals constituted a small proportion of the total content. The results obtained show a low risk of contamination due to the available fractions of these metals at sludges dosages of up to 100 t ha−1. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three-dimensional mapping utilizing stereovision and Bayesian inference

In this study we propose a method for creating 3D map of real world environment by using 3D occupancy grids. The map is created by characterizing each grid associated with a certain area in the real world environment by utilizing multiple measurements using stereo vision and Bayesian inference. The proposed method can absorb the measurement uncertainties caused in the stereo matching process and in the system's calibrations. The preliminary experiments show that the proposed algorithm is able to robustly generate environment maps. The algorithm is also suitable to be implemented as a vision system for autonomous mobile robots.
Solar Photocatalytic Activity of Ba-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: The Role of Surface Hydrophilicity

Bare zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ba-doped ZnO (BZO) samples were prepared by using a simple precipitation method. The effects of Barium doping on the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties, as well as on the physico-chemical features of the surface were investigated and correlated with the observed photocatalytic activity under natural solar irradiation. The incorporation of Ba2+ ions into the ZnO structure increased the surface area by ca. 14 times and enhanced the hydrophilicity with respect to the bare sample, as demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. The surface hydrophilicity was correlated with the enhanced defectivity of the doped sample, as indicated by X-ray diffraction, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopies. The resulting higher affinity with water was, for the first time, invoked as an important factor justifying the superior photocatalytic performance of BZO compared to the undoped one, in addition to the slightly higher separation of the photoproduced pairs, an effect that has already been reported in literature. In particular, observed kinetic constants values of 8∙10−3 and 11.3∙10−3 min−1 were determined for the ZnO and BZO samples, respectively, by assuming first order kinetics. Importantly, Ba doping suppressed photocorrosion and increased the stability of the BZO sample under irradiation, making it a promising photocatalyst for the abatement of toxic species.
A New Age Constraint on the Onset of the Neoproterozoic Glaciations in the Yangtze Platform, South China

A sample from the top of the Banxi Group (early Neoproterozoic) in Hunan Province (South China) was dated by the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb method. The resulting age of 725 ± 10 Ma probably solves the debate between the synglacial and the preglacial correlation of the Liantuo Formation and indicates that the Liantuo Formation most likely correlates with the preglacial Banxi Group. Since the Banxi (Danzhou) Group is upwardly transitional to the glacial Jiangkou Group, the age becomes a new maximum age constraint on the onset of the Jiangkou glaciation, which therefore most likely correlates with the Sturtian glaciation.
ENSO-induced tropical convection variability over the Indian and western Pacific oceans during the northern winter as revealed by a self-organizing map

[1] The dominant low-frequency patterns of outgoing longwave radiation over the tropical Indian and western Pacific oceans in response to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the northern winter are investigated using the nonlinear classification method of the self-organizing map (SOM), additionally aided by an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. There are at least two different air-sea coupled phenomena in the tropical Indian Ocean, i.e., the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode in late summer and fall and the Wind-Evaporation-Sea surface temperature (WES) feedback-driven mode in the winter and spring. The SOM results exhibit that the phase of WES becomes positive (negative) at the El Nino (La Nina) phase, which indicates a linear linkage of WES with ENSO. In contrast, few combined patterns of the negative IOD and the La Nina event can be extracted although the reversed pattern is prominent, suggesting a nonlinear-like relationship between IOD and ENSO. Since the ENSO-induced convective forcing over the tropical Indian and western Pacific oceans has strong asymmetric features with respect to the ENSO phase, the remote response of the East Asian winter monsoon to ENSO becomes complicated. At the El Nino event, the monsoon circulation in the southern part of East Asia tends to be attenuated in late winter through the dominance of the western North Pacific anticyclone in the lower troposphere, but at the La Nina event, the monsoon circulation over Korea and Japan is enhanced in early winter through the downstream development of stationary Rossby wave packets along the South Asian waveguide.
A new look at marine simultaneous sources

Cost is one of the fundamental factors that determines where and how a seismic survey will be conducted. Moreover, the cost of 3D seismic acquisition and processing often plays a significant role in determining whether or not a prospect is economic. Unit costs of seismic data acquisition and processing have dropped dramatically as the technology has matured; however, these economies have raised demand for larger and more complex acquisition plans. More than ever, there is a great need to gain efficiency. In this article, I discuss a field experiment carried out to test the feasibility of employing marine sources activated simultaneously. Simultaneous source firing has long been recognized as a possible strategy for achieving dramatic cost reductions in seismic data acquisition. This approach is novel in that it does not require source-signature encoding (although such encoding combined with this approach is beneficial), but, rather, relies on spatial-source positioning to allow for separation of the signa.
Phase relations and equation of state of a natural MORB: Implications for the density profile of subducted oceanic crust in the Earth's lower mantle

[1] The phase relations and density of a natural mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) were investigated from 28 to 89 GPa and 1600 to 2700 K by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements and chemical analysis of the quenched samples using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We observed an assemblage of five phases up to 50 GPa, namely an aluminum-bearing magnesium perovskite phase, a calcium perovskite phase, a stishovite phase, the new aluminum-rich (NAL) phase, and a calcium ferrite-type phase. The NAL phase was no longer observed above 50 GPa. The phase proportions were obtained by Rietveld refinement of the in situ X-ray diffraction patterns. After the disappearance of the NAL phase beyond 50 GPa, the proportion of each phase remains constant up to 89 GPa. The density of MORB was calculated using the measured volumes, phase proportions, and chemical compositions of the coexisting phases. The thermoelastic parameters of the MORB sample were estimated from the fit of the measured densities at various pressure and temperature conditions. Resulting MORB density profiles were calculated for different subducting slab temperature profiles. MORB densities are 0.5% to 2% greater than those of the surrounding mantle over the entire lower mantle range, suggesting MORB likely subducts to the core–mantle boundary.
Pengaruh Variasi pH Saliva terhadap Kekerasan Resin Komposit Bulk-Fill

Abstract: Composite resin is the most widely used restorative material in dentistry. The filling that has been applied will always be in contact with saliva in the oral cavity. This study aimed to determine the effect of salivary pH variations on the hardness of bulk-fill composite resin. This was an experimental study with a post-test only with a control group design. Samples consisted of 28 bulk-fill composite resin samples with 8 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness. Samples were divided into four groups, as follows: group I, soaked in saliva with a pH of 5.3; group II, soaked in saliva with a pH of 6.6; group III, soaked in saliva with a pH of 7.8; and a control group, not treated. The hardness of the samples was measured using Vickers hardness tester. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation (SD) hardness values of the bulk-fill composite resin in the control group, groups I, II and II were 63.933 ±4.721 VHN, 63.233±3.518 VHN, 64.683±7.600 VHN, and 69.267±12.545 VHN respectively. These results indicated that there was a decrease in hardness in group I and an increase in hardness in groups II and III. The ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference in all groups with a p-value of 0.474 (p>0.05). In conclusion, variations in salivary pH do not significantly affect the hardness of bulk-fill composite resin. Keywords: salivary pH; bulk-fill composite resin; hardness of resin Abstrak: Resin komposit merupakan bahan restorasi dibidang kedokteran gigi yang paling banyak digunakan. Tumpatan yang telah diaplikasikan akan selalu berkontak dengan saliva yang terdapat di rongga mulut. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi pH saliva terhadap kekerasan resin komposit bulk-fill. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan post-test only with control group design. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 28 sampel resin komposit bulk-fill dengan diameter 8 mm dan tinggi 4 mm, yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu: kelompok I direndam pada saliva dengan pH 5,3; kelompok II direndam pada saliva dengan pH 6,6; kelompok III direndam pada saliva dengan pH 7,8; dan kelompok kontrol tidak dilakukan perendaman. Kekerasan sampel diukur menggunakan Vickers hardness tester. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan nilai rerata dan standar deviasi (SD) kekerasan resin komposit bulk-fill pada kelompok kontrol, kelompok I, II dan II ialah 63,933±4,721 VHN, 63,233±3,518 VHN, 64,683±7,600 VHN, dan 69,267±12,545 VHN secara berurut. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kekerasan pada kelompok I dan terjadi peningkatan kekerasan pada kelompok II dan III. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada semua kelompok dengan nilai p 0,474 (p>0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah variasi pH saliva tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kekerasan resin komposit bulk-fill. Kata kunci: pH saliva; resin komposit bulk-fill; kekerasan resin
First results derived with a new sensor module for hyperspectral polarimetric measurements

This paper describes the first results of measurements with the new sensor module FUBISS-Polar. The system measures hyper spectral polarimetric sky radiances in the spectral range from 250 to 1080 nm at four different polarization angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°) and enables the calculation of the degree of the linear polarization (DOLP) and its azimuth. This paper will give an overview of the instrument and the data calibration procedures and will present the first results of measurements taken at the laboratory and at three different field campaigns. The field campaign measurements were done in the principle plane of the sun during clear sky conditions in arctic environments (Ny Alesund, Svalbard), on top of the mountain Zugspitze (Alps, Germany) and in urban environments (Berlin, Germany).