Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiregional analysis of global 5‐methylcytosine and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine throughout the progression of Alzheimer's disease

Epigenetic modifications to cytosine are known to alter transcriptional states and deregulate gene expression in cancer, embryonic development, and most recently in neurodegeneration. To test the hypothesis that global levels of cytosine modification are altered throughout the progression of Alzheimer's disease, 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mC) and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5‐hmC) were quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and stable labeled internal standards of cytosine, 5‐mC, and 5‐hmC. Cytosine modifications were quantified in DNA extracted from tissue specimens of four brain regions (cerebellum, inferior parietal lobe, superior and middle temporal gyrus, and hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus) of cognitively normal control (NC) subjects and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), preclinical Alzheimer's disease (PCAD), late onset Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Repeated measures analyses of the data show significant alterations in 5‐mC and 5‐hmC in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (PCAD and MCI), as well as FTLD and DLB subjects, across multiple regions of the brain. These data suggest alterations in epigenetic regulation of genes may play an early role in the progression of AD as well as other types of neurodegeneration.
A controlled study of isoniazid and iproniazid.

Experience with isoniazid in pulmonary tuberculosis over a period of 18 months, involving about 500 patients, has indicated that the drug is of approximately the same order of effectiveness as streptomycin and para-aminosalicylic acid. In newly admitted, previously untreated patients, the results have been excellent, about 75 per cent achieving moderate or marked clearing on roentgenograms. Among patients who had persisting disease after considerable streptomycin and para-aminosalicylic acid therapy, isoniazid achieved but little improvement as demonstrated by roentgenograms; however, symptomatic improvement occurred in this group and was maintained in the large majority throughout the period of observation. Spread of disease while on isoniazid was uncommon. Toxic effects were negligible with isoniazid. Results with iproniazid were approximately the same as with isoniazid. but toxic effects were common and troublesome.
Substance Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in War Veterans

Little research has been done on the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its link to alcohol and substance use among combat veterans. In 1983, a congressional mandate ordered a study of PTSD and other postwar psychological problems among Vietnam veterans. Many veterans do not recognize the symptoms of PTSD and therefore are unaware that the symptoms have led to alcohol and substance use. A questionnaire was designed to examine veterans at the Helping Up Mission in Baltimore, Maryland, to determine if the veterans at the mission exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Thirty veterans were given a simple questionnaire that outlined symptoms of PTSD. Participants were to indicate whether they experienced PTSD symptoms as defined on the 25-item questionnaire. The responses were rated from 1 to 5 (1 = not at all; 2 = a little bit; 3 = moderately; 4 = quite a bit; and 5 = extremely). Based on this study, no relationship was found between PTSD and substance abuse. Further research should be conducted using a random sample to examine the possible relationship between PTSD and substance abuse.
Neuropathological alterations in diabetic truncal neuropathy: evaluation by skin biopsy

OBJECTIVES To describe the neuropathological features in skin biopsies from patients with diabetic truncal neuropathy. METHODS Three patients with diabetic truncal neuropathy underwent skin biopsies from both symptomatic and asymptomatic regions of the chest and trunk. After local anaesthesia, biopsies were performed using a 3 mm diameter punch device (Acupunch). Intraepidermal nerve fibres (IENFs), the most distal processes of small myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres, were identified after staining with PGP 9.5 as previously described. RESULTS Diabetes was diagnosed at the time of the neurological presentation in two, and one was a known diabetic patient. All three had associated sensory-motor polyneuropathy. In all, skin biopsies showed a marked reduction of both epidermal and dermal nerve fibres in the symptomatic dermatomes, compared with skin from asymptomatic truncal areas. In one patient, a follow up skin biopsy when symptoms had improved showed a return of IENFs. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic truncal neuropathy, skin biopsies from symptomatic regions show a loss of IENFs. After clinical recovery, there is a return of the IENF population, suggesting that improvement occurs by nerve regeneration. These findings suggest that sensory nerve fibre injury in diabetic truncal neuropathy is distal to or within the sensory ganglia. Skin biopsy provides a possible tool for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease.
Draw Me a Paradox? … Family Art Psychotherapy Utilizing a Systemic Approach to Change

The author points out how family art therapy can be integrated into the systemic theoretical approach to family therapy, and supports the thesis that the use of creativity produces positive interactions in family therapy. Key theoretical principles of systemic family work described by the author are: the family as a system; positive connotation through art process; prescribing the symptom; utilizing the metaphor; family ritual; paradoxical interventions; the therapeutic double bind; homeostasis; and the termination of treatment. Three condensed case studies are presented in which techniques are highlighted, such as circular causality versus linear causality, forming a hypothesis, assessment of compliancy, and recursive patterned behavior and interventions.
A Data Rate and Concurrency Balanced Approach for Broadcast in Wireless Mesh Networks

In this paper, we address the problem of joint power control and scheduling for minimizing broadcast delay in wireless mesh networks. Given a set of mesh routers and a routing tree, we aim to assign power for relay nodes and compute an optimal transmission schedule such that the total delay for a packet broadcast from the root to all the routers is minimized. We consider rate adaptation in our scheme. This is a difficult issue. High power enables high data rate but causes high interference, whereas low power allows more concurrent transmissions at the expense of data rate. We study the tradeoff between data rate and concurrency and propose a balanced method. We introduce a metric called standard deviation of average remaining broadcast time to determine the priority of the two parameters. When this metric is greater than a threshold, the nodes will take the data-rate-first approach to increase the data rate; otherwise, the concurrency-first approach will be used to increase the number of concurrent transmissions. Theoretical analysis is given to show the upper and lower bounds of this metric. Simulations have demonstrated that our proposed method can reduce the broadcast delay significantly as compared with existing methods.
A Provenance-Aware Multi-dimensional Reputation System for Online Rating Systems

Online rating systems are widely accepted as means for quality assessment on the web and users increasingly rely on these systems when deciding to purchase an item online. This makes such rating systems frequent targets of attempted manipulation by posting unfair rating scores. Therefore, providing useful, realistic rating scores as well as detecting unfair behavior are both of very high importance. Existing solutions are mostly majority based, also employing temporal analysis and clustering techniques. However, they are still vulnerable to unfair ratings. They also ignore distances between options, the provenance of information, and different dimensions of cast rating scores while computing aggregate rating scores and trustworthiness of users. In this article, we propose a robust iterative algorithm which leverages information in the profile of users and provenance of information, and which takes into account the distance between options to provide both more robust and informative rating scores for items and trustworthiness of users. We also prove convergence of iterative ranking algorithms under very general assumptions, which are satisfied by the algorithm proposed in this article. We have implemented and tested our rating method using both simulated data as well as four real-world datasets from various applications of reputation systems. The experimental results demonstrate that our model provides realistic rating scores even in the presence of a massive amount of unfair ratings and outperforms the well-known ranking algorithms.
Blue light regulation in Neurospora crassa.

The fungus Neurospora crassa has been shown to be a paradigm for photobiological, biochemical, and genetic studies of blue light perception and signal transduction. Several different developmental and morphological processes of Neurospora are regulated by blue light and can be divided into early and late blue light responses. The characterization of two central regulator proteins of blue light signal transduction in Neurospora crassa, WC1 and WC2, and the isolation of light-regulated genes, indicate transcriptional control as a central step in blue light signalling.
FPGA based architecture for realtime edge detection

Edge Detection is one of the basic characteristics of the image. It is an important basis for the field of image analysis such as image segmentation, target area identification, extraction and other regional forms. The edge detection operators such as canny, sobel, prewitt operators detects the wide range of edges in image. These operators apply the convolution operation at each pixel to have gradient image. FPGA (Field programmable gate array) is fine grained reconfigurable architecture that can virtually perform any processing operation at a hardware level and satisfying real-time requirements for image processing. In FPGA hardware resources there are rich internal multipliers. The design process can directly call these resources to operate, so it is easy to implement complex convolution. FPGA based architecture for real time edge detection presents a new flexible parameterizable architecture which reduces latency and memory requirements. This architecture contains neighborhood extractors and threshold operators that can be parameterized at runtime. The algorithm simplifications reduces mathematical complexity, memory requirements, and latency without losing reliability. This architecture has clear advantage in terms of power consumption and maintain a reliable performance with noisy images.
Factors Associated with Hospital Length of Stay among Cancer Patients with Febrile Neutropenia

Purpose This study sought to evaluate factors associated with hospital length of stay in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Methods A prospective cohort study was performed at a single tertiary referral hospital in southern Brazil from October 2009 to August 2011. All adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia admitted to the hematology ward were evaluated. Stepwise random-effects negative binomial regression was performed to identify risk factors for prolonged length of hospital stay. Results In total, 307 cases of febrile neutropenia were evaluated. The overall median length of hospital stay was 16 days (interquartile range 18 days). According to multiple negative binomial regression analysis, hematologic neoplasms (P = 0.003), high-dose chemotherapy regimens (P<0.001), duration of neutropenia (P<0.001), and bloodstream infection involving Gram-negative multi-drug-resistant bacteria (P = 0.003) were positively associated with prolonged hospital length of stay in patients with febrile neutropenia. The condition index showed no evidence of multi-collinearity effect among the independent variables. Conclusions Hematologic neoplasms, high-dose chemotherapy regimens, prolonged periods of neutropenia, and bloodstream infection with Gram-negative multi-drug-resistant bacteria are predictors of prolonged length hospital of stay among adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia.
Dynamics of marriage change in Chinese rural society in transition: A study of a northern Chinese village

This analysis uses data from an intensive village study to investigate the impacts of institutional reforms on marriage in rural China. The study finds that age at marriage has been declining significantly both for men and women. The 'exchange marriage' and the 'mercenary marriage' have re-emerged. An increasing proportion of marriages occur between men and women in nearby villages, though there is no significant increase in village endogamy. Both bride price and dowry have increased significantly, and the ratio of value of dowry to bride price has undergone a dramatic equalization. The young, including young women, have much more decision making power regarding their marriages. Changes in marriage are the consequences of both change in the socio-economic environment brought about by deliberate rural reforms, and strategic or tactical responses of rural Chinese to the rapidly changing context in which they live and work.
Zinc neurotoxicity is dependent on intracellular NAD+ levels and the sirtuin pathway

Zinc neurotoxicity has been demonstrated in ischemic, seizure, hypoglycemic, and trauma‐induced neuronal death where Zn2+ is thought to be synaptically released and taken up in neighbouring neurons, reaching toxic concentrations. We previously demonstrated that toxicity of extracellular Zn2+ depended on entry, elevation in intracellular free Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i), a reduction in NAD+ and ATP levels, and dysfunction of glycolysis and cellular metabolism. We suggested that PARP‐1 activation alone can not explain this loss of neuronal NAD+. NAD+ was recently demonstrated to permeate neurons and glia, and we have now shown that exogenous NAD+ can reduce Zn2+ neurotoxicity, and 3‐acetylpyridine, which generates inactive NAD+, potentiated Zn2+ neurotoxicity. Sirtinol and 2‐hydroxynaphthaldehyde, inhibitors of the sirtuin pathway (SIRT proteins are NAD+‐catabolic protein deacetylases), attenuated both acute and chronic Zn2+ neurotoxicity. Resveratrol and fisetin (sirtuin activators) potentiated NAD+ loss and Zn2+ neurotoxicities. Furthermore, neuronal cultures derived from the Wlds mouse, which overexpress the NAD+ synthetic enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyl transferase (NMNAT‐1), had reduced sensitivity to Zn2+ neurotoxicity. Finally, nicotinamide was demonstrated to attenuate CA1 neuronal death after 10 min of global ischemia in rat even if administered 1 h after the insult. Together with previous data, these results further implicate NAD+ levels in Zn2+ neurotoxicity.
An investigation into the effects of iPad/tablet device use in special education and in particular in the case of a student with Williams Syndrome: a case study approach

non-peer-reviewed%%%%Williams Syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder that is associated with a particular uneven cognitive profile. The student with Williams Syndrome at the centre of this investigation is six years old and attends senior infants in a primary mainstream school setting in the west of Ireland. In common with other children with Williams Syndrome, the student experiences difficulty with number concepts and gross and fine motor skills, including handwriting. Difficulties in concentration and distractibility posed a major barrier to learning for the student. In 2010, the first commercially successful tablet product known as the Apple iPad was released. It was reported at the time that there was a rapid uptake of the iPad in the area of education. The iPad has been identified as defining a new genre of mobile technological device. Other brands of tablet computers soon followed the release of the iPad. However, the iPad has remained the tablet of choice in many schools. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iPad use on students with special needs and in particular in the case of a student with Williams Syndrome. Initially, a profile of the participants in the study was established to assist in the identification and selection of appropriate iPad applications for the period of study. Over a period of nine weeks, the student was observed using an Apple iPad device on a daily basis. In addition, an online questionnaire was distributed to teachers of students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) using iPads or other tablet computers. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods such as observations, interviews, and both formal and informal tests were used to collect findings from the case study research. The study investigated the effects of iPad use on the special needs student in the areas of academic achievement, behaviour, concentration, motivation and communication. Results reveal an increase in achievement levels in the areas of reading and handwriting as a result of iPad use. The iPad use had little or no effect on the case study student’s numeracy skills, though other SEN teachers surveyed thought that iPad use had an effect on improving numeracy skills. Following use of the Guided Access features of the iPad, the student’s concentration levels increased considerably. Findings also suggest that iPad use leads to increased levels of motivation. However, the impact of iPad use on communication skills is more ambiguous. This study confirms that the iPad is a valuable educational tool to be considered in personalising learning situations, particularly such as those found in special needs education.
Human papillomavirus DNA detection in plasma and cervical samples of women with a recent history of low grade or precancerous cervical dysplasia

Circulating HPV DNA has been previously described in women with advanced stages of cervical cancer and has been suggested to be a prognostic marker of disease recurrences and metastases. Only a few studies have reported the presence of HPV DNA in bloodstream of patients with low grade or precancerous cervical lesions. This study aimed to define if HPV DNA could be detected in plasma samples of 120 women referred for a recent history of cervical dysplasia who presented with lesions ranging from High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (H-SIL) to regressed normal cytology. HPV DNA detection was carried out in both plasma and cervical samples using type-specific real-time quantitative PCR assays identifying oncogenic HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 51 and 52. Overall, 34.2% (41/120) of plasma samples were shown to be positive for HPV DNA detection; HPV 45 (46.3%), HPV-51 (29.6%), and HPV 16 (18.5%) were the most frequently identified genotypes. The rate of HPV detection in paired cervical and plasma samples increased with advancing disease stage, ranging from 15.4% in women with regressed lesions to 38.9% in women with HSIL; HPV 16 resulted the most common genotype identified in women found to be HPV DNA positive in both cervical and plasma samples. Moreover, HPV 16 showed the highest median viral load value in both cervical and plasma samples, with 48,313 copies/104 cells and 1,099 copies/ml, respectively. Results obtained in this study confirm that HPV DNA can be detected and quantified in plasma samples of women with asymptomatic cervical infection. Further knowledge on HPV dissemination through the blood stream of women with cervical lesions would be very important in better understanding the natural history of HPV infection as well as its potential role in other distant tumors.
TILKNYTNINGSFORSKNINGENS BIDRAG TIL FORSTÅELSEN AF PSYKOPATOLOGI HOS BØRN

Med udgangspunkt i tilknytningsteorien har tilknytningsforskningen vist sammenhæng mellem utryg tilknytning i barndommen og udvikling af psykiske vanskeligheder senere i livet. Det er endvidere sandsynliggjort, at der finder en psykologisk intergenerationel overførsel sted i relationen mellem forældre og børn. Fra den nyere hjerneforskning ved man, at hjernens fysiologi påvirkes og præges af omsorgsmiljøet. Dette giver næring til en fornyet diskussion af samspillet mellem arv og miljø, der i en årrække primært har været præget af konstitutionelle forholds betydning. I artiklen præsenteres to modeller for udvikling af psykopatologi. Den første er Developmental Psychopathology, som udgør en række principper til forståelsen af psykopatologi. Den anden model, der er en videreudvikling af tilknytningsteorien, foreslår, at tilknytning ses som den psykologiske udløser af (eller buffer mod) genetisk potentiale. Forfatteren argumenterer for, at relationsaspektet altid er betydningsfuldt i forståelsen af den konkrete fremtrædelsesform af psykopatologi i børne- og ungdomsårene uagtet konstitutionelle årsager.
The Relationship between Chronic Hypoxemia and Activation of the Tumor Necrosis Factor- α System in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Although circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α levels have been found to be increased in weight-losing patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the main causes for this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Since hypoxia itself can enhance the production of the TNF- α in vitro, we studied the relationship between hypoxemia and activities of the TNF- α system, including circulating TNF- α and soluble TNF-receptors (sTNF-R; sTNF-R55 and -R75) levels, in 27 COPD patients and 15 age-matched healthy controls. The COPD patients showed a significant weight loss (body mass index = 18.1 ± 2.8 versus 22.8 ± 2.2 [mean ± SD] kg/m2; p < 0.0001. % fat = 16.3 ± 5.9 versus 24.3 ± 4.9 %; p < 0.001), and hypoxemia (PaO2 = 62.2 ± 9.5 versus 88.6 ± 5.9 mm Hg; p < 0.0001) as compared with the healthy controls. Serum TNF- α (6.15 ± 1.08 versus 5.41 ± 1.60 pg/ml; p < 0.05) and plasma sTNF-R55 (1.15 ± 0.49 versus 0.67 ± 0.13 ng/ml; p < 0.0001) and sTNF-R75 (3.54 ± 1.16 versus 2.25 ± 0.43; p < 0.0001) levels.
Reduction of Controlled Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Systems with Symmetry

We develop reduction theory for controlled Lagrangian and controlled Hamiltonian systems with symmetry. Reduction theory for these systems is needed in a variety of examples, such as a spacecraft with rotors, a heavy top with rotors, and underwater vehicle dynamics. One of our main results shows the equivalence of the method of reduced controlled Lagrangian systems and that of reduced controlled Hamiltonian systems in the case of simple mechanical systems with symmetry.
VASE exon expression alters NCAM‐mediated cell‐cell interactions

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is found on cells as several related polypeptides formed by alternative splicing of the single NCAM gene. The alternatively spliced 30‐bp VASE exon in the fourth immunoglobulin‐like domain is the structural variation nearest those portions of the polypeptide proposed to mediate cell‐cell adhesion. To test the ability of distinct forms of the NCAM molecules to mediate cell adhesion, L cells were transfected with expression vectors encoding rat 140 kD NCAM ± the VASE exon. L cell lines which expressed these polypeptides were isolated and tested for self‐aggregation in a low shear, rapid aggregation assay. Increased cellular aggregation of the transfectants was observed to be a function of the NCAM molecule expressed. These transfected cells showed segregation in a long term co‐aggregation assay: cells expressing NCAM — VASE formed aggregates which tended to exclude cells expressing NCAM + VASE and vice versa. These results provide direct evidence that this small difference in NCAM structure is sufficient to allow segregation of cells. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.