Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced brain activation during inhibitory control in children with COMT Val/Val genotype

Behavioral undercontrol is a well‐established risk factor for substance use disorder, identifiable at an early age well before the onset of substance use. However, the biological mechanistic structure underlying the behavioral undercontrol/substance use relationship is not well understood. The enzyme catechol O‐methyltransferase (COMT) catabolizes dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, brain regions involved in behavioral control. The goal of this work was to investigate the association between genetic variation in COMT functioning and fronto‐striatal brain functioning during successful inhibitory control, a critical aspect of behavioral control.
The effect of substitution frequency on the physical and technical outputs of strikers during field hockey match play

We aimed to determine the effects of substitution frequency on physical and technical outputs of strikers during competitive field-hockey. Five matches were played involving the same two teams, during which three different substitution frequency conditions were assessed: three strikers with no substitutions (Sub3), four strikers with a moderate amount of substitutions (Sub4); and five strikers with a high amount of substitutions (Sub5). Physical outputs were measured using GPS and HR monitors and technical outputs (positioning and possession ratings) were determined using video-analysis. There were no significant differences between conditions for total distance covered per position70 (Sub5=8414±125, Sub4=8422±34, Sub3=8282±0m) and high-intensity (>19km. h-1) running (Sub5=701±46, Sub4=685±28, Sub3=723±0m). There was a tendency for greater substitutions to result in less decrement in total distance and high-intensity running when 1st and 2nd halves were compared. Greater substitutions increased total technical outputs compared to less substitutions (Sub5=241±35, Sub4=207±38, Sub3=173±0). In conclusion, while a greater substitution frequency does not increase the physical outputs of strikers, a higher substitution frequency appears to offsets decrements in physical outputs due to fatigue, as well as increase the technical contributions of strikers during competitive play.
Evaluation of a new multipath congestion control scheme using the NetPerfMeter tool-chain

Multi-homed Internet sites become more and more widespread, due to the rising dispersal of inexpensive Internet access technologies combined with the growing deployment of resilience-critical applications. Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) denotes the Transport Layer approach to utilise multiple network paths simultaneously, in order to improve application payload throughput. Currently, CMT is a quite hot topic in the IETF — in form of the Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and CMT-SCTP protocol extensions for TCP and SCTP. However, an important issue is still not fully solved: multipath congestion control. In order to support the IETF activities, we have set up a distributed Internet testbed for CMT evaluation. An important tool — which we have developed for multiprotocol Transport Layer performance analysis — is the Open Source NetPerfMeter tool-chain. It supports the parametrisation and processing of measurement runs as well as results collection, post-processing and plotting. However, its key feature is to support multiple Transport Layer protocols, which makes a quantitative comparison of different protocols — including state-of-the-art features like CMT — possible. In this paper, we first introduce NetPerfMeter and then show a proof-of-concept performance evaluation of CMT congestion controls which are currently discussed in the IETF standardisation process of CMT-SCTP.1234
Schlaf, Nahrungsaufnahme und Fortbewegung – Koordination von angeborenem Verhalten durch den lateralen Hypothalamus

Zusammenfassung Der laterale Hypothalamus (LH) reguliert angeborenes Verhalten, wie Nahrungsaufnahme, Schlaf, Wachzustand und Fortbewegung. Pathologien des LH werden mit einem weiten Spektrum von Schlaf- und Essstörungen in Zusammenhang gebracht. Technologische Fortschritte in den Bereichen Optogenetik, Elektrophysiologie und Kalzium-Imaging ermöglichten Identifizierung, Aktivitätsanalyse und Manipulation unterschiedlicher Zelltypen des Hypothalamus mit hoher zeitlicher Präzision in verhaltenden Mäusen. Hier fassen wir neuere Studien zusammen, welche Funktionen der Orexin/Hypocretin-, GABA- und MCH (melanin-concentrating hormone)-exprimierenden LH-Neurone bei der Regulation angeborenen Verhaltens aufklärten. Des Weiteren erläutern wir wie spontane oder optogenetisch induzierte Änderungen der neuronalen Aktivität im hypothalamischen Netzwerk zu Veränderungen im Verhalten führen können.
Experimental Research on Cooperative vSLAM for UAVs

The research work on the application of cooperative visual SLAM for utilization within UAVs is addressed in this paper. This experimental study utilized a synthetic approach to fulfill a cooperative data fusing strategy for multiple UAVs equipped with stereo vision camera systems, where the collaborative estimation was implemented with an information filter and covariance intersection technique to investigate potential improvements in robustness to noise and accuracy of location determination and mapping processes, when compared to a single UAV employing vSLAM alone. The achieved performance enhancement is further discussed in terms of the relative errors as a comparison between the cooperative enhanced filtering schemes versus the single UAV implementation following the conclusion on relative merits of the methodology proposed here at the end.
Organizational justice as a determinant of affective commitment and silence of employees

As we move into the 21st century, increased global competition, rapid developments in the area of information technologies and redesigning of former business processes have deeply affected the way of managing people at workplaces. With the flattening of organizational structures and reduction of management intervention, more responsibilities have been given to the employees for making decisions and managing their daily activities. Besides increasing responsibilities, individuals are expected to be more attached to the goals, objectives and values of their organizations, and also more willing to express their opinions, ideas, suggestions and concerns about workrelated issues. However, building affectively committed workforce and breaking silence by encouraging employees to speak up about critical issues have emerged as crucial management challenges of today’s organizations. Numerous theoretical and empirical studies have revealed that attitudinal and behavioral reactions of individuals toward their organizations are mainly influenced by their fairness perceptions. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of perceived organizational justice with employee silence and affective commitment. Study was conducted on total 200 white collar employees working in a private sector company. Results indicated that distributive justice has no significant contribution on employee silence and affective commitment. Also, it was revealed that procedural justice has significant positive contribution on acquiescent silence and defensive silence. Finally, interactional justice has been found to be a good predictor of employee silence and affective commitment.
Comprehending Prehending: Neural Correlates of Processing Verbs with Motor Stems

The interaction between language and action systems has become an increasingly interesting topic of discussion in cognitive neuroscience. Several recent studies have shown that processing of action verbs elicits activation in the cerebral motor system in a somatotopic manner. The current study extends these findings to show that the brain responses for processing of verbs with specific motor meanings differ not only from that of other motor verbs, but, crucially, that the comprehension of verbs with motor meanings (i.e., greifen, to grasp) differs fundamentally from the processing of verbs with abstract meanings (i.e., denken, to think). Second, the current study investigated the neural correlates of processing morphologically complex verbs with abstract meanings built on stems with motor versus abstract meanings (i.e., begreifen, to comprehend vs. bedenken, to consider). Although residual effects of motor stem meaning might have been expected, we see no evidence for this in our data. Processing of morphologically complex verbs built on motor stems showed no differences in involvement of the motor system when compared with processing complex verbs with abstract stems. Complex verbs built on motor stems did show increased activation compared with complex verbs built on abstract stems in the right posterior temporal cortex. This result is discussed in light of the involvement of the right temporal cortex in comprehension of metaphoric or figurative language.
Identifying Where REDD+ Financially Out-Competes Oil Palm in Floodplain Landscapes Using a Fine-Scale Approach

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) aims to avoid forest conversion to alternative land-uses through financial incentives. Oil-palm has high opportunity costs, which according to current literature questions the financial competitiveness of REDD+ in tropical lowlands. To understand this more, we undertook regional fine-scale and coarse-scale analyses (through carbon mapping and economic modelling) to assess the financial viability of REDD+ in safeguarding unprotected forest (30,173 ha) in the Lower Kinabatangan floodplain in Malaysian Borneo. Results estimate 4.7 million metric tons of carbon (MgC) in unprotected forest, with 64% allocated for oil-palm cultivations. Through fine-scale mapping and carbon accounting, we demonstrated that REDD+ can outcompete oil-palm in regions with low suitability, with low carbon prices and low carbon stock. In areas with medium oil-palm suitability, REDD+ could outcompete oil palm in areas with: very high carbon and lower carbon price; medium carbon price and average carbon stock; or, low carbon stock and high carbon price. Areas with high oil palm suitability, REDD+ could only outcompete with higher carbon price and higher carbon stock. In the coarse-scale model, oil-palm outcompeted REDD+ in all cases. For the fine-scale models at the landscape level, low carbon offset prices (US $3 MgCO2e) would enable REDD+ to outcompete oil-palm in 55% of the unprotected forests requiring US $27 million to secure these areas for 25 years. Higher carbon offset price (US $30 MgCO2e) would increase the competitiveness of REDD+ within the landscape but would still only capture between 69%-74% of the unprotected forest, requiring US $380–416 million in carbon financing. REDD+ has been identified as a strategy to mitigate climate change by many countries (including Malaysia). Although REDD+ in certain scenarios cannot outcompete oil palm, this research contributes to the global REDD+ debate by: highlighting REDD+ competitiveness in tropical floodplain landscapes; and, providing a robust approach for identifying and targeting limited REDD+ funds.
Tweet Disambiguate Entities Retrieve Folksonomy SubTree Step 1 : Discover Categories Generate Topic Profile from SubTrees Step 2 : Discover Profile Topic Profile : “ English Football ” “ World Cup ”

Twitter and other microblogs have rapidly become a significant means by which people communicate with the world and each other in near realtime. There has been a large number of studies surrounding these social media, focusing on areas such as information spread, various centrality measures, topic detection and more. However, one area which has not received much attention is trying to better understand what information is being spread and why it is being spread. This work looks to get a better understanding of what makes people spread information in tweets or microblogs through the use of retweeting. Several retweet behavior models are presented and evaluated on a Twitter data set consisting of over 768,000 tweets gathered from monitoring over 30,000 users for a period of one month. We evaluate the proposed models against each user and show how people use different retweet behavior models. For example, we find that although users in the majority of cases do not retweet information on topics that they themselves Tweet about as or from people who are “like them” (hence anti-homophily), we do find that models which do take homophily, or similarity, into account fits the observed retweet behaviors much better than other more general models which do not take this into account. We further find that, not surprisingly, people’s retweeting behavior is better explained through multiple different models rather than one model.
Risk Factors of Massive Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage during Extracapsular Cataract Extraction Surgery

Purpose To estimate retrospectively the incidence, predisposing factors, and possible mechanisms precipitating massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage (MSCH) development during cataract extraction surgery. Methods The study was conducted on 6639 consecutive cataract extractions performed between 1994 and 2002. All of the procedures were carried out using traditional nucleus expression methods. The study cases comprised 19 patients who developed intraoperative MSCH. The remaining 6620 patients served as the control group. Baseline systemic and ocular characteristics, as well as intraoperative factors, were analyzed. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test. Results The incidence of MSCH during cataract surgery was 0.28%. Highly significant risk factors included high myopia, glaucoma, and diabetes (p<0.01). Atherosclerotic vascular diseases and/or hypertension were less significantly related to the condition (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between MSCH formation and age, sex, side of the cataract, history of ocular trauma, or inflammation. The incidence of MSCH did not differ between patients operated on with extracapsular or intracapsular cataract extraction. Conclusions Attention to multiple preoperative and intraoperative ocular and systemic variables may allow the identification of, and prophylaxis for, patients at greater risk for MSCH.
Effect of Low Temperatures on Growth, Structure, and Metabolism of Campylobacter coli SP10

ABSTRACT The effect of low temperatures on the survival, structure, and metabolism of Campylobacter coli SP10, a virulent strain, was investigated. C. coli became nonculturable rapidly at 20 and 10°C and slightly later at 4°C. Incubation in a microaerobic atmosphere improved survival, but after day 8, campylobacters were detectable by direct-count procedures only. The increase in the number of coccoid cells was most pronounced at 37°C but also was noticeable at 20 and 10°C. Two forms of coccoid cells were seen electron microscopically, but only one (20 and 10°C) seemed to be a degenerative form. The flagella were shorter at 20 and 10°C, a result which correlates well with the observed slight changes in the 62-kDa protein band. The fatty acid composition of bacterial cells was influenced significantly by low temperatures. An increase in the short-chain and unsaturated acids was noted; above all, a drastic increase in C19:0 cyc at 20°C with a concomitant decrease in C18:1 trans9,cis11 was seen. The concentrations of excreted metabolites were analyzed to obtain information on metabolic activity. Depending on the magnitude of the temperature downshift, the production of organic acids decreased, but it was always observable after a temperature-specific lag phase and regardless of ability to be cultured. Under optimal conditions, succinate, lactate, and acetate were the main metabolites, other acids being of less importance. The pattern changed significantly at lower temperatures. Succinate was never detected at 20°C and was only occasionally detected at 10 and 4°C. At the same time, fumarate concentrations, which are normally not detectable at 37°C, were highest at 20°C and reduced at 10 and 4°C. Inactivation of fumarate reductase was considered to be a possible explanation.
Staging Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association

Insights from prospective, longitudinal studies of individuals at risk for developing type 1 diabetes have demonstrated that the disease is a continuum that progresses sequentially at variable but predictable rates through distinct identifiable stages prior to the onset of symptoms. Stage 1 is defined as the presence of β-cell autoimmunity as evidenced by the presence of two or more islet autoantibodies with normoglycemia and is presymptomatic, stage 2 as the presence of β-cell autoimmunity with dysglycemia and is presymptomatic, and stage 3 as onset of symptomatic disease. Adoption of this staging classification provides a standardized taxonomy for type 1 diabetes and will aid the development of therapies and the design of clinical trials to prevent symptomatic disease, promote precision medicine, and provide a framework for an optimized benefit/risk ratio that will impact regulatory approval, reimbursement, and adoption of interventions in the early stages of type 1 diabetes to prevent symptomatic disease.
Membrane Potentials of the Lobster Giant Axon Obtained by Use of the Sucrose-Gap Technique

A method similar to the sucrose-gap technique introduced be Stäpfli is described for measuring membrane potential and current in singly lobster giant axons (diameter about 100 micra). The isotonic sucrose solution used to perfuse the gaps raises the external leakage resistance so that the recorded potential is only about 5 per cent less than the actual membrane potential. However, the resting potential of an axon in the sucrose-gap arrangement is increased 20 to 60 mv over that recorded by a conventional micropipette electrode when the entire axon is bathed in sea water. A complete explanation for this effect has not been discovered. The relation between resting potential and external potassium and sodium ion concentrations shows that potassium carries most of the current in a depolarized axon in the sucrose-gap arrangement, but that near the resting potential other ions make significant contributions. Lowering the external chloride concentration decreases the resting potential. Varying the concentration of the sucrose solution has little effect. A study of the impedance changes associated with the action potential shows that the membrane resistance decreases to a minimum at the peak of the spike and returns to near its initial value before repolarization is complete (a normal lobster giant axon action potential does not have an undershoot). Action potentials recorded simultaneously by the sucrose-gap technique and by micropipette electrodes are practically superposable.
Control for the currents balancing of a multicell interleaved converter with ICT

Toward the aim of advanced integration in power electronic, the properties of Multicell interleaved converters are of prime interest. Among these properties, the EMC behavior is interesting and the dynamic performances are excellent. However their implementation requires the monitoring and balancing of intercell currents. On one hand, the converter control must ensure a satisfying balanced distribution of currents among switching cells outputs, so that magnetic components are used optimally. On the other hand, this control must also ensure the regulation loop of the output current. To achieve these goals, we decided to work on a direct matrix model, which allows to highlight the fast eigenmode related to the power (common mode) and the slow magnetizing eigenmodes (differential modes). The synthesis of the control and the calculus of corrector parameters are performed using inversion of this direct model. A digital control based on this method has been implemented, and the measurement results that we present confirm it's efficiency on current balancing.
CATS BEG FOR FOOD FROM THE HUMAN WHO LOOKS AT AND CALLS TO THEM: ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND HUMANS’ ATTENTIONAL STATES

We tested whether cats (Felis catus) could recognize human attentional states when begging for food from one of two unfamiliar actors. Cats were tested under three conditions that differed in the actors’ actions: Visual only condition—the actor looking at the cat silently versus facing sideways silently; Visual and Auditory condition—the actor looking at and calling to the cat versus looking at the cat silently; and Auditory only condition—the actor facing down and calling to the cat versus facing down silently. In the Visual and Auditory condition, cats preferred the actor who was calling to them. In the Visual only and the Auditory only conditions, the cats showed no preference for the actors’ attentional states. There was a modest difference in the preference between the Visual and Auditory condition and the Auditory only condition. These results suggest that cats can use vocal cues of attention toward them only in situations in which humans are looking at them.
Effacing the Dilemma of the Rumouring Subject: A Value-oriented Approach towards Studying Misinformation on Social Media

Rumour has been part of collective human life for centuries. Communities deal with anxiety and make sense of the unknowable by mixing apprehensions with what is already known to them. With modernity, and in line with studies on a range of social phenomena, there have been efforts to develop a science on rumour. Most of these studies deal with rumour at the propositional level, such that the rumouring or rumour-rebutting subject invariably belongs to one of the two sides of the ‘true–false’ divide. Similar categories are followed in the study of rumour in social media, where the nodes in a rumour chain are, however, less hierarchical, and where images are increasingly used for persuasion. This paper, following a value-oriented approach, argues that the science on rumour has objectivized the problem, and has suggested instrumental solutions like enhancing the digital literacy of social media users. Whereas a value position should ideally attempt to efface the dilemma of the rumouring/rumour-rebutting subject, and locate rumours within the larger socio-political and historical context of a society.