Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in science and its role in climate policy

Policy-making is usually about risk management. Thus, the handling of uncertainty in science is central to its support of sound policy-making. There is value in scientists engaging in a deep conversation with policy-makers and others, not merely ‘delivering’ results or analyses and then playing no further role. Communicating the policy relevance of different varieties of uncertainty, including imprecision, ambiguity, intractability and indeterminism, is an important part of this conversation. Uncertainty is handled better when scientists engage with policy-makers. Climate policy aims both to alter future risks (particularly via mitigation) and to take account of and respond to relevant remaining risks (via adaptation) in the complex causal chain that begins and ends with individuals. Policy-making profits from learning how to shift the distribution of risks towards less dangerous impacts, even if the probability of events remains uncertain. Immediate value lies not only in communicating how risks may change with time and how those risks may be changed by action, but also in projecting how our understanding of those risks may improve with time (via science) and how our ability to influence them may advance (via technology and policy design). Guidance on the most urgent places to gather information and realistic estimates of when to expect more informative answers is of immediate value, as are plausible estimates of the risk of delaying action. Risk assessment requires grappling with probability and ambiguity (uncertainty in the Knightian sense) and assessing the ethical, logical, philosophical and economic underpinnings of whether a target of ‘50 per cent chance of remaining under +2°C' is either ‘right’ or ‘safe’. How do we better stimulate advances in the difficult analytical and philosophical questions while maintaining foundational scientific work advancing our understanding of the phenomena? And provide immediate help with decisions that must be made now?
Protective Immunity Elicited by Oral Immunization of Mice with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Braun Lipoprotein (Lpp) and Acetyltransferase (MsbB) Mutants

We evaluated the extent of attenuation and immunogenicity of the ΔlppAB and ΔlppAB ΔmsbB mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium when delivered to mice by the oral route. These mutants were deleted either for the Braun lipoprotein genes (lppA and lppB) or in combination with the msbB gene, which encodes an acetyltransferase required for lipid A modification of lipopolysaccharide. Both the mutants were attenuated (100% animal survival) and triggered robust innate and adaptive immune responses. Comparable levels of IgG and its isotypes were produced in mice infected with wild-type (WT) S. typhimurium or its aforementioned mutant strains. The ΔlppAB ΔmsbB mutant-immunized animals resulted in the production of higher levels of fecal IgA and serum cytokines during later stages of vaccination (adaptive response). A significant production of interleukin-6 from T-cells was also noted in the ΔlppAB ΔmsbB mutant-immunized mice when compared to that of the ΔlppAB mutant. On the other hand, IL-17A production was significantly more in the serum of ΔlppAB mutant-immunized mice (innate response) with a stronger splenic T-cell proliferative and tumor-necrosis factor-α production. Based on 2-dimensional gel analysis, alterations in the levels of several proteins were observed in both the mutant strains when compared to that in WT S. typhimurium and could be associated with the higher immunogenicity of the mutants. Finally, both ΔlppAB and ΔlppAB ΔmsbB mutants provided complete protection to immunized mice against a lethal oral challenge dose of WT S. typhimurium. Thus, these mutants may serve as excellent vaccine candidates and also provide a platform for delivering heterologous antigens.
Visualising Intrusions : Watching the Webserver 1 VISUALISING INTRUSIONS : WATCHING THE WEBSERVER

Despite several years of intensive study, intrusion detection systems still suffer from a key deficiency: A high rate of false alarms. To counteract this, this paper proposes to visualise the state of the computer system such that the operator can determine whether a violation has taken place. To this end a very simple anomaly detection inspired log reduction scheme is combined with graph visualisation, and applied to the log of a webserver with the intent of detecting patterns of benign and malicious (or suspicious) accesses. The combination proved to be effective. The visualisation of the output of the anomaly detection system counteracted its high rate of false alarms, while the anomaly based log reduction helped reduce the log data to manageable proportions. The visualisation was more successful in helping identifying benign accesses than malicious accesses. All the types of malicious accesses present in the log data were found.
Efficient Deep Processing of Japanese

We present a broad coverage Japanese grammar written in the HPSG formalism with MRS semantics. The grammar is created for use in real world applications, such that robustness and performance issues play an important role. It is connected to a POS tagging and word segmentation tool. This grammar is being developed in a multilingual context, requiring MRS structures that are easily comparable across languages.
A Multi-Component Reaction to 6-Aminothiouracils: Synthesis, MechanisticStudy and Antitumor Activity

The present work deals with design, synthesis, mechanistic study and biological evaluation of novel, diverse compounds as potential inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Multi-complex-based method has been suggested to generate a comprehensive pharmacophore map of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) based on a collection of 13 crystal structures of human CDK2 inhibitor complex. The proposed chromeno [4',3':4,5] N pyrido [2,3-d] pyrimidine-1,7-dione derivatives were prepared via a multicomponent reaction of 6-aminothiouracil with salicylic aldehyde and acetylacetic ester. The elucidation of the reaction mechanism was investigated and was confirmed by synthetic and spectroscopic methods. All the newly synthesized compounds were tested as CDK2, as antitumor agents and all of them were found to be active.
Exploiting structural duplication for lifetime reliability enhancement

Increased power densities (and resultant temperatures) and other effects of device scaling are predicted to cause significant lifetime reliability problems in the near future. In this paper, we study two techniques that leverage microarchitectural structural redundancy for lifetime reliability enhancement. First, in structural duplication (SD), redundant microarchitectural structures are added to the processor and designated as spares. Spare structures can be turned on when the original structure fails, increasing the processor's lifetime. Second, graceful performance degradation (GPD) is a technique which exploits existing microarchitectural redundancy for reliability. Redundant structures that fail are shut down while still maintaining functionality, thereby increasing the processor's lifetime, but at a lower performance. Our analysis shows that exploiting structural redundancy can provide significant reliability benefits, and we present guidelines for efficient usage of these techniques by identifying situations where each is more beneficial. We show that GPD is the superior technique when only limited performance or cost resources can be sacrificed for reliability. Specifically, on average for our systems and applications, GPD increased processor reliability to 1.42 times the base value for less than a 5% loss in performance. On the other hand, for systems where reliability is more important than performance or cost, SD is more beneficial. SD increases reliability to 3.17 times the base value for 2.25 times the base cost, for our applications. Finally, a combination of the two techniques (SD+GPD) provides the highest reliability benefit.
A fast intra-frame prediction algorithm for MPEG-2/H.264 video transcoders

The H.264 standard, jointly developed by the ITU-T and the MPEG committees, is highly efficient offering perceptually equivalent quality video at about 1/3 to 1/2 of the bitrates offered by the MPEG-2 format. These significant bandwidth savings open the market to new products and services, including HDTV services at lower bitrates. It is expected that the H.264/AVC takes over the digital video market, replacing the use of MPEG-2 in most digital video applications. The complete migration to the new video-coding algorithm takes several years given the wide scale use of MPEG-2 in the market place today. This creates an important need for transcoding technologies for converting the large volume of existent video material from the MPEG-2 into the H.264 format and vice versa. However, given the significant differences between the MPEG-2 and the H.264 encoding algorithms, the transcoding process of such systems is much more complex to other heterogeneous video transcoding processes. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a novel fast intra-frame prediction algorithm to be used as part of a high-efficient MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoder. Our results show that the proposed algorithm is able to maintain a good picture quality while considerably reducing the number of operations to be performed.
Zélus: a synchronous language with ODEs

Zélus is a new programming language for modeling systems that mix discrete logical time and continuous time behaviors. From a user's perspective, its main originality is to extend an existing Lustre-like synchronous language with Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The extension is conservative: any synchronous program expressed as data-flow equations and hierarchical automata can be composed arbitrarily with ODEs in the same source code. A dedicated type system and causality analysis ensure that all discrete changes are aligned with zero-crossing events so that no side effects or discontinuities occur during integration. Programs are statically scheduled and translated into sequential code that, by construction, runs in bounded time and space. Compilation is effected by source-to-source translation into a small synchronous subset which is processed by a standard synchronous compiler architecture. The resultant code is paired with an off-the-shelf numeric solver. We show that it is possible to build a modeler for explicit hybrid systems à la Simulink/Stateflow on top of an existing synchronous language, using it both as a semantic basis and as a target for code generation.
Demo Abstract : Measuring Foot Pronation Using RFID Sensor Networks

Running efficiency is an important factor to consider in order to avoid injury. In particular, foot pronation, the angle of the foot as it hits the ground, is a common cause for many types of injuries amoung runners. Though pronation is common, diagnosing pronation is difficult and imprecise. Currently there is no method of diagonsis which can quantify the severity of pronation. In this paper we propose using WISP (Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform) sensors to help identify and quantify foot pronation.
Compressive detection for wide-band spectrum sensing

In this paper we propose a novel wide-band spectrum sensing scheme using compressive sensing. The wide-band signal is fed into a number of wide-band filters and the outputs of the filters are used to reconstruct the vector of channel energies through the ℓ1 norm minimization. An energy detection is then performed by comparing the obtained vector to a vector of energy thresholds to decide about the occupancy of each channel. Performance of the proposed approach is compared to the current wide-band spectrum sensing algorithms as well as the conventional channel-by-channel scanning method.
Urothelial function

ium has as its sole function that of acting as an imperIntroduction meable barrier between the urine and the rest of the body. However, our recent experiments suggest that it The mechanisms involved in sensory information processing in hollow viscera have not been extensively has an important role, in addition to acting as a reservoir for urine, in the physiological sensory mechanisms investigated. However, understanding them is potentially of great clinical importance. If the urinary bladder is required for micturition to take place normally. Indeed, rather than acting as an inert tissue, it is highly dynamic taken as an example, disorders of micturition such as urgency, frequency and stress incontinence of urine and constantly changing in its functional properties. should be much better investigated and treated when the mechanisms detecting the degree of distension of the The bladder-pressure sensing system bladder are understood. The experimental work described herein is still proImportant previous work in the sensory field has been undertaken in electrophysiology by, among others, ceeding and there are many unresolved questions, but because of its clinical significance it is appropriate to Morrison [1], de Groat et al. [2] and Häbler et al. [3], and in morphology by Gilpin et al. [4]. The most extensive review progress to date. Our experiments lead us to believe that the cells which are sensitive to hydrostatic investigations into the mechanisms of sensory transduction have been undertaken by Maggi and collaborators, pressure within the bladder are the apical cells of the urothelium. It would be easy to imagine that the urotheland this work is reviewed by Maggi [5].
Downscaling‐Based Segmentation for Unresolved Images of Highly Heterogeneous Granular Porous Samples

Numerical simulations of pore‐scale flow and transport in natural sediments require the knowledge of pore‐space topology. Limited resolution of X‐ray tomography is often insufficient to fully characterize pore‐space structure within fine‐grained regions. Single and multilevel threshold‐based segmentation approaches are customarily employed to identify solid, pore and porous‐solid regions by means of grey intensity thresholds. While the choice of cutoff thresholds is often arbitrary, it dramatically affects the effective properties and the dynamical response of the reconstructed porous structure. We propose an algorithm of downscaling, i.e., the process of increasing image resolution, followed by segmentation, i.e., the identification of different phases, to reconstruct the unresolved pore‐space from XCT images of natural geological porous media. The method, applicable to moderately unresolved, chemically homogeneous granular media, is based on a map between local pixel porosity and pore size that does not rely on the definition of arbitrary thresholds and it allows to generate a high‐resolution binary image of the porous medium from poorly resolved grey‐scale images. First, we validate the method on synthetic unresolved images and compare their known pore‐space distribution with the extracted one. Then, we consider a synthetic porous medium and compare the pore size distribution, conductivity, and tortuosity between the original and the reconstructed structures. Finally, we apply the method to extract the pore‐space distribution from unresolved XCT images of two natural sediment columns and use it (i) to parametrize a capillary‐bundle model and (ii) to estimate the hydraulic conductivity by matching breakthrough behavior of passive solute transport.
Self-consistent Langmuir waves in resonantly driven thermal plasmas

The longitudinal dynamics of a resonantly driven Langmuir wave are analyzed in the limit that the growth of the electrostatic wave is slow compared to the bounce frequency. Using simple physical arguments, the nonlinear distribution function is shown to be nearly invariant in the canonical particle action, provided both a spatially uniform term and higher-order spatial harmonics are included along with the fundamental in the longitudinal electric field. Requirements of self-consistency with the electrostatic potential yield the basic properties of the nonlinear distribution function, including a frequency shift that agrees closely with driven, electrostatic particle simulations over a range of temperatures. This extends earlier work on nonlinear Langmuir waves by Morales and O’Neil [G. J. Morales and T. M. O’Neil, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 417 (1972)] and Dewar [R. L. Dewar, Phys. Plasmas 15, 712 (1972)], and could form the basis of a reduced kinetic treatment of plasma dynamics for accelerator applications or.
Increase of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Exercise-Induced Ischemia

Objectives—The concept of neovascularization in response to tissue ischemia has been extended by the finding of postnatal vasculogenesis initiated by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The aim of this study was to analyze whether a maximal stress test in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) increases the number of circulating EPCs. Methods and Results—Blood concentration of EPCs was analyzed by FACS and cell culture assay in CAD patients with (n=16) or without (n=12) exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and in healthy subjects (n=11) for up to 144 hours after maximal stress test. Plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor were determined by ELISA. EPCs increased significantly in ischemic patients, with a maximum after 24 to 48 hours (cell culture: 3.3±0.5-fold increase; FACS: 3.1±0.6-fold increase) and returned to baseline within 72 hour. In nonischemic patients and healthy subjects, no EPC increase was detectable. VEGF levels in ischemic patients increased significantly after 2 to 6 hours (maximum after 2 hours; 4.0±1.1-fold increase) and no change was observed in nonischemic patients and healthy subjects; &Dgr;VEGF and &Dgr;EPC correlated significantly (r =0.66). Conclusions—Patients with symptomatic CAD respond to a single episode of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia with a time-dependent increase in circulating EPCs. This increase may be related to and preceded by an increase in plasma VEGF.
Authentication Based on Multilayer Clustering in Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we describe a secure cluster-routing protocol based on a multilayer scheme in ad hoc networks. This work provides scalable, threshold authentication scheme in ad hoc networks. We present detailed security threats against ad hoc routing protocols, specifically examining cluster-based routing. Our proposed protocol, called "authentication based on multilayer clustering for ad hoc networks" (AMCAN), designs an end-to-end authentication protocol that relies on mutual trust between nodes in other clusters. The AMCAN strategy takes advantage of a multilayer architecture that is designed for an authentication protocol in a cluster head (CH) using a new concept of control cluster head (CCH) scheme. We propose an authentication protocol that uses certificates containing an asymmetric key and a multilayer architecture so that the CCH is achieved using the threshold scheme, thereby reducing the computational overhead and successfully defeating all identified attacks. We also use a more extensive area, such as a CCH, using an identification protocol to build a highly secure, highly available authentication service, which forms the core of our security framework.
&#199;ok Baki&#351;li Videolarin Yazilim Katmani &#199;o&#287;ag&#246;nderimi ile &#304;letimi

OzetVe toku, vardir. ITGG sistemlerde geri ,atilim kalitesi kamera Bu bildiride sok bakulla videolarin etkile,simli bir ,ekilde iletdiizlemindeki ornekleme sikligina veya sahne geometrisinin mek i,cin hem son kullanicilardaki hem de sunuculardaki gerekli bilinmesine baglidir. Bu nedenle yiiksek kaliteli g6riintiuler bant geni,ligini en azda tutmaya qali*an bir y6ntem 6neriyoruz. ureten ye geometri bilgisi kullanmayan ITGG sistemleri ,ok Bu uygulama-katmani cogagonderim tabanli yontemde her izsayida kameraya ihtiyac duyar ye ,ok miktarda yensitretirler. leyici kendi goriuntuisiuniu olu,turmak i,in gerekli olan baki*lari Onceden yapilmery ihati malar [4] [5] [6] ymiksek siklrtirma sunucudan ister. Se,ilmi, olan videolar kumesi izleyicinin kafa oranlarinin mimkiun oldugunu go5stermi, olsa da, bu yksek ve goz hareketlerine bagli olarak ger,ek zamanda degi,ir. Hizli sokratlrma oranlariino bedeli yaratilan baosntdlar nedeniyle kafa hareketleri sirasinda goriuntuiniun durmasini azaltmak icin etkile,simli izlemenin zorlaismasdilr. Etkilenimli izlemeyi teknikler de incelenmi,tir. Yakla*imimizin ba*arimini ger,ek eorile.imli bizem kiT zorl teridir. Etki b.imli kzlerein
The Influence of Production Factors on the Productivity of Weather Modification Technology Services at the Center for Weather Modification Technology

This study aims to determine the effect of flight costs, seedlings and production factors on TMC productivity, as well as the effect of production factors simultaneously on TMC productivity, as well as the effect of TMC productivity on TMC benefits. The object of this research is the Central Bureau of Weather Modification Technology customers. Center for Weather Modification Technology with its address at Gedung Geostech 820, Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, South Tangerang. Analysis tools using SPSS. The results of the study are the cost of flights and seedling costs not significantly positive effect on TMC productivity, HR costs have no significant negative effect on TMC productivity, also the three independent variables simultaneously have a significant positive effect on TMC productivity, but TMC productivity is found to be significantly positive effect on benefits TMC. Keywords : Production, Flight Costs, Seedling Costs, HR Costs, TMC Productivity
Down‐regulation of miR‐200b‐3p by low p73 contributes to the androgen‐independence of prostate cancer cells

An increasing body of evidence indicates that microRNAs play critical roles in androgen‐independent prostate cancer (AIPC) growth. However, the regulation of the expression of microRNAs in AIPC is not very clear. In this study, we investigated the role that the interaction between miR‐200b‐3p and p73 plays in the proliferation of AIPC.
A Silhouette Based Human Motion Tracking System

This paper proposes a system for model based human motion estimation. We start with a human model generation system, which uses a set of input images to automatically generate a free-form surface model of a human upper torso. We subsequently determine joint locations automatically and generate a texture for the surface mesh. Following this, we present morphing and joint transformation techniques to gain more realistic human upper torso models. An advanced model such as this is used in a system for silhouette based human motion estimation. The presented motion estimation system contains silhouette extraction based on level set functions, a correspondence module, which relates image data to model data and a pose estimation module. This system is used for a variety of experiments: Different camera setups (between one to four cameras) are used for the experiments and we estimate the pose configurations of a human upper torso model with 21 degrees of freedom at two frames per second. We also discuss degenerated cases for silhouette based human motion estimation. Next, a comparison of the motion estimation system with a commercial marker based tracking system is performed to gain a quantitative error analysis. The results show the applicability of the system for marker-less human movement analysis. Finally we present experimental results on tracking leg models and show the robustness of our algorithms even for corrupted image data.
Fatal hepatic necrosis following imatinib mesylate therapy.

Imatinib mesylate is a selective tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitor with activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. [1][1]-[3][2] There is early evidence that it can reduce the phlebotomy