Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The synthesis of shaped patterns with series-fed microstrip patch arrays

A method of designing series-fed microstrip patch arrays to produce a shaped pattern is described. The technique is based on a circuit representation of the patches in the array environment with experimentally determined parameters. The positions and widths of the patches are derived from the amplitudes and phases of the elements of a uniform array, which produces the desired pattern and which has the same extent as the patch array. For the array to have high efficiency, the amplitude distribution mast not be strongly peaked. An algorithm for obtaining an approximation to the desired far-field amplitude distribution while retaining control over the amplitude of excitatian is presented. Very close agreement has been obtained between calculated and measured performance of such arrays.
Validation of the temperature history during extrusion based additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered as a key technology for the eﬃcient production of individualized components. The technique enables the tool-less production of complex geometries and designs that could not be realized cost-eﬀectively with conventional manufacturing methods. The focus of this work is on the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), where a thermoplastic ﬁlament is extruded trough a nozzle. The material is deposited layer by layer until the ﬁnal part is build. Thereby, high temperature gradients occur within the part when the hot material is deposited on the lower layers. During the printing process the lower layers are reheated several times so that the material properties are inﬂuenced even after the deposition has been made. The thermal history has major eﬀects on crucial material properties such as the degree of crystallization or thermal and mechanical properties. An inadequate degree of crystallization inﬂuences both the structural properties such as the stiﬀness or the degree of bonding and the dimensional accuracy due to subsequent shrinkage eﬀects. Additionally, the temperature gradients cause residual stresses which are partly relaxed to varying part deformations. The remaining stresses can lead to premature failures. To
Modeling of Continental Normal Fault Earthquakes

The magnitude of earthquakes on continental normal faults rarely exceeds 7.0 Mw. However, because of their vicinity to large population centers they can be highly destructive. Long recurrence time, relatively small deformations, and limited observations hinder our understanding of the deformation patterns and mechanisms controlling the magnitude of events. Here, this problem is addressed with 2D thermomechanical modeling of normal fault seismic cycles. The 2020 Samos, Greece Mw7.0 earthquake is used as an example as it is one of the largest and most studied continental normal fault earthquakes. The modeling approach employs visco‐elasto‐plastic rheology, compressibility, free surface, and a rate‐and‐state friction law for the fault. Modeling of the Samos earthquake suggests the pore fluid pressure ratio on the fault ranges from 0 to 0.7. The model demonstrates that most of the deformation during interseismic and coseismic periods, besides on the fault, occurs in the hanging wall and footwall below the seismogenic part of the fault. The largest vertical surface displacement during the earthquake is the subsidence of the hanging wall in the vicinity of the fault, while the uplift of the footwall and remote part of the hanging wall is significantly smaller. Modeling of the seismic cycles on normal faults with different setups shows the dependency of the magnitude on the thermal profile and dipping angle of the fault; low heat flow and low dipping angle are favorable conditions for the largest events, while steep normal faults in the areas of high heat flow tend to have the smallest magnitudes.
Experiments on Sticking, Restructuring, and Fragmentation of Preplanetary Dust Aggregates

We performed laboratory as well as microgravity experiments in which we studied the impact of small fractal aggregates consisting of micrometer-sized dust particles onto solid targets at various velocities. Slow bombardment of the target in the laboratory results in the formation of a fluffy dust layer in which gravity-induced compaction is observed. In order to reduce the gravitational aggregate restructuring and, hence, to investigate the collisional behavior of fluffy dust aggregates, we performed additional experiments in the microgravity environment of a drop tower. We observe that the agglomerates are disrupted as long as the impact velocities are above a few meters per second. For slightly lower collision velocities, both sticking to and removal from the target are detected. At even lower velocities, the impinging dust agglomerates are captured by the target with a sticking probability of unity, and a compact dust layer forms. When the impact energies are no longer sufficiently large to allow for agglomerate restructuring, the internal structures of the impacting aggregates are preserved, and we observe the growth of a very porous dust layer. The results of our experiments are in qualitative, but not in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Full quantitative accordance between computer simulations and experiments can be reached when the recently measured values for the rolling friction force Froll=1.2×10−9 N and for the break-up energy Ebr=1.3×10−15 J (valid for 1.9-μm-diameter SiO2 spheres) are used. Our experimental results suggest that aggregate restructuring in the solar nebula, and hence, the gradual increase of the fractal dimensionality of the dust agglomerates, becomes an important process when the aggregate diameters exceed a few centimeters. Dust aggregates below that size are not expected to be subjected to impact compaction.
Penalized Likelihood for General Semi-Parametric Regression Models.

Summary This paper examines penalized likelihood estimation in the context of general regression problems, characterized as probability models with composite likelihood functions. The emphasis is on the common situation where a parametric model is considered satisfactory but for inhomogeneity with respect to a few extra variables. A finite-dimensional formulation is adopted, using a suitable set of basis functions. Appropriate definitions of deviance, degrees of freedom, and residual are provided, and the method of cross-validation for choice of the tuning constant is discussed. Quadratic approximations are derived for all the required statistics.
A model for functional test generation and testability analysis

An overview has been given of a new approach to functional test generation. The program GESTE permits the generation of symbolic tests by constructing a path through the graph model, establishing, and solving a system of equations and inequalities. The model extracted from a behavioural VHDL description contains control flow and, implicitly, data flow. The behavioural level fault model includes both faults in the data part and faults in the control part. A new method of testability analysis considers functional and structural aspects of the model. By means of a preference relation a decision is based on the multi-criteria controllability and observability measures. This testability analysis is used to select the best path for generating a test. The test generation program GESTE is under development. First results show that the method offers a promising way to generate symbolic tests. <<ETX>>
Azimuthal polarization for Raman enhancement in capillary waveguides

Hollow, metal-lined capillary waveguides have recently been utilized in spontaneous gas-Raman spectroscopy to improve signal strength and response time. The hollow waveguide is used to contain the sample gases, efficiently propagate a pump beam, and efficiently collect Raman scattering from those gases. Transmission losses in the waveguide may be reduced by using an azimuthally polarized pump beam instead of a linearly or radially polarized pump. This will lead to improved Raman signal strength, accuracy, and response time in waveguide-based Raman gas-composition sensors. A linearly polarized laser beam is azimuthally polarized using passive components including a spiral phase plate and an azimuthal-type linear analyzer element. Half-wave plates are then used to switch between the azimuthally polarized beam and the radially polarized beam with no change in input pump power. The collected Raman signal strength and laser-throughput are improved when the azimuthally polarized pump is used. Optimization of the hollow waveguide Raman gas sensor is discussed with respect to incident pump polarization.
Extended Switching-Capacitor-Based Buck–Boost Converter

In this article, a fifth-order extended switching-capacitor-based buck–boost converter (ESCBBC) is proposed, which exhibits lower source current ripple. It is formulated by the hybrid cascade combination of a switching-capacitor cell with an additional capacitor–diode cell. This converter is named as ESCBBC Type-2 converter, which is a modified form of the reported ESCBBC Type-1 converter. Both the converters have the same voltage gain equal to 1/2(1-D). However, the newly proposed converter is better than Type-1 converter in terms of source current ripple consideration. In bucking operation, it has high duty ratio range per unit voltage gain. There is also the absence of right half of s-plane zero in this Type-2 converter. Steady-state and small-signal analysis is established to characterize the nature of the proposed topology. A robust voltage-mode controller is designed to perform the load voltage regulation task. In this design, the generalized maximum sensitivity quantification is adopted to ensure robustness of the closed-loop converter system both in bucking and boosting operations. The design and analysis (steady-state as well as dynamic) of ESCBBC Type-2 is validated through experimental measurements (prototype specifications: 24–36 W, 100 kHz, 36-24/60 V). Analytical design is supported and validated through experimental measurement results.
The On-Orbit Performance of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph

The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) was successfully installed into the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1997 February, during the second HST servicing mission, STS-82. STIS is a versatile spectrograph, covering the 115-1000 nm wavelength range in a variety of spectroscopic and imaging modes that take advantage of the angular resolution, unobstructed wavelength coverage, and dark sky offered by the HST. In the months since launch, a number of performance tests and calibrations have been carried out and are continuing. These tests demonstrate that the instrument is performing very well. We present here a synopsis of the results to date.
Diffraction wavefront analysis of point diffraction interferometer for measurement of aspherical surface

Point diffraction interferometer (PDI) is a new method for measurement of spherical or aspherical surface in extreme ultraviolet lithography(EUVL) with hypo-nano accuracy. In PDI method, a nearly ideal spherical wavefront with spherical wavefront error less than λ/105 rms, can be acquired through diffraction of a very small pinhole which diameter is only a few microns. This diffraction spherical wavefront can replace conventional real standard lens, and be used as reference spherical wavefront in PDI. The shape and quality of diffraction wavefront are key influence factors of measurement range and accuracy, these must be considered strictly in designing. In this paper, theory model of point diffraction is discussed based on theory of scalar diffraction theory. Relationships between size of pinhole, range of diffraction and NA of measurable are obtained and diffraction wavefront error factors such as pinhole size, roundness error are numerically analyzed. The analysis results show that a high accuracy diffraction wavefront can be obtained through comprehensive optimizing of pinhole size, NA range, light intensity, shape error of pinhole and so on. A pinhole with diameter no more than 2μm and radius errorΔr≤0.1r is suitable in designing and its residual wavefront error can reach λ/105 in certain diffraction range. The analysis can provide reliable theory and reference data for the actual design of point diffraction interferometer.
Diagnostics on Z (invited)

The 100 ns, 20 MA pinch-driver Z is surrounded by an extensive set of diagnostics. There are nine radial lines of sight set at 12° above horizontal and each of these may be equipped with up to five diagnostic ports. Instruments routinely fielded viewing the pinch from the side with these ports include x-ray diode arrays, photoconducting detector arrays, bolometers, transmission grating spectrometers, time-resolved x-ray pinhole cameras, x-ray crystal spectrometers, calorimeters, silicon photodiodes, and neutron detectors. A diagnostic package fielded on axis for viewing internal pinch radiation consists of nine lines of sight. This package accommodates virtually the same diagnostics as the radial ports. Other diagnostics not fielded on the axial or radial ports include current B-dot monitors, filtered x-ray scintillators coupled by fiber optics to streak cameras, streaked visible spectroscopy, velocity interferometric system for any reflector, bremsstrahlung cameras, and active shock breakout measurement .
Shared frailty models based on reversed hazard rate for modified inverse Weibull distribution as baseline distribution

ABSTRACT The unknown or unobservable risk factors in the survival analysis cause heterogeneity between individuals. Frailty models are used in the survival analysis to account for the unobserved heterogeneity in individual risks to disease and death. To analyze the bivariate data on related survival times, the shared frailty models were suggested. The most common shared frailty model is a model in which frailty act multiplicatively on the hazard function. In this paper, we introduce the shared gamma frailty model and the inverse Gaussian frailty model with the reversed hazard rate. We introduce the Bayesian estimation procedure using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to estimate the parameters involved in the model. We present a simulation study to compare the true values of the parameters with the estimated values. We also apply the proposed models to the Australian twin data set and a better model is suggested.
Utilizing fuzzy c-Shells for automatic approximate LV location for initialization of myocardial structure and function analysis algorthms

Recently, fuzzy c-Shells algorithms have been proposed for spherical boundary detections. Only a few applications of the Fuzzy c-Shells algorithm have been explored. This paper proposes a new algorithm utilizing the Fuzzy c-Shells approach for detection of the approximate location of the left ventricle. The proposed technique has been successfully applied to 25 2-D magnetic resonance cardiac images and has located the left ventricles.
Spatial and temporal organization of aquatic insect assemblages in two subtropical river drainages

Background. The spatial and temporal changes of assemblages of aquatic insect can be used to detect the anthropic impacts that influence the biological communities. Goals. We compared the assemblages of aquatic insect in 1997 and 2014 in two subtropical river drainages, the association with water characteristics, and we discuss their implications for ecosystems conservation. Methods . True diversity of the aquatic insect fauna at family level and their community structure for 27 study sites in 1997 and 2014 were assessed. Multivariate analyzes were used to compare aquatic insect assemblages and the abundance of functional feeding groups. Results . There were significant differences in the dissolved oxygen (DO) of the water between 1997 and 2014, decreasing its values. Other variables correlated to DO were also modified, with a decrease in pH and an increase in temperature. We found a correlation between reduction of DO and water pH with a decline in the overall abundance of aquatic insects; also, with shifts in the community structure, from the decrease of groups such as some Ephemeroptera and scrapers, to the increase in opportunistic families such as Chironomidae, Culicidae, and other predator families such as Coenagrionidae, Corixidae and Veliidae, and more abundance of collectors. Families such as Heptageniidae and Caenidae decreased in abundance, as well as other benthic groups. Conclusions . The assemblages of aquatic insect are useful to indicate a generalized degradation of environmental conditions across localities and time in two subtropical river drainages, related to water quality degradation symptoms such as reduction of pH levels and dissolved oxygen, usually associated with anthropogenic stressors.
Biodiesel Reactor Design with Glycerol Separation to Increase Biodiesel Production Yield

The study consisted of reactor design used for transesterification process, effect of glycerol separation ontransesterification reaction, determination of biodiesel quality, and mass balance analysis. The reactor was designed byintegrating circulated pump/stirrer, static mixer, and sprayer that intensify the reaction in the outer tank reactor. The objective was to reduce the use of methanol in excess and to shorten the processing time. The results showed that thereactor that applied the glycerol separation was able to compensate for the decreased use of the reactant methanol from 6:1 to 5:1 molar ratio, and changed the mass balance in the product, including: (i) the increase of biodiesel productionfrom 42.37% to 49.34%, and (ii) the reduction of methanol in excess from 42.37% to 32.89%. The results suggested that the efficiency of biodiesel production could be increased with the glycerol separation engineering.
Flavonoid Constituents and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition of Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. Inflorescence with In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. (Solanaceae) is widely found in South East Asia. In Thailand, it is used as vegetable and as a component in traditional recipes. The results of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitory screening test found that the crude extract of S. stramonifolium inflorescence exhibited the potential effect with IC50 81.27 μg/mL. The separation was performed by the increasing solvent polarity method. The ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water extracts of S. stramonifolium inflorescence showed the synergistic effect together with acarbose standard. The phytochemical investigation of these extracts was conducted by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Six flavonoid compounds, myricetin 3, 4′, 5′, 7-tetramethyl ether (1), combretol (2), kaempferol (3), kaempferol 7-O-glucopyranoside (4), 5-hydroxy 3-7-4′-5′-tetramethoxyflavone-3′-O-glucopyranoside (5), and a mixture (6) of isorhamnetin 3-O-glucopyranoside (6a) and astragalin (6b) were isolated. This discovery is the first report of flavonoid-glycoside 5. Moreover, the selected flavonoids, kaempferol and astragalin, were representatives to explore the mechanism of action. Both of them performed mixed-type inhibition. The molecular docking gave a better understanding of flavonoid compounds’ ability to inhibit the alpha-glucosidase enzyme.
Multiscale depthwise separable convolution based network for high-resolution image segmentation

ABSTRACT Deep learning-based segmentation methods have demonstrated significant performance over their traditional counterparts. However, striving for better accuracy with such networks usually leads to the deterioration of the network’s computational efficiency, thereby rendering them inefficient for deployment on resource constraint devices. Establishing the required tradeoff between the accuracy of pixel prediction and computational efficiency remains challenging. In this article, a lightweight multiscale segmentation framework is proposed. We leverage the representation power of different receptive fields to attain optimal accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency by embedding the sparse network architecture with the depthwise separable convolution at the multiscale level. Experimental results from two challenging remote sensing segmentation datasets show that the proposed network can achieve substantial pixel prediction accuracy at relatively low computational overhead compared to state-of-the-art networks.
Large-eddy simulation of separated flow over a three-dimensional axisymmetric hill

The paper examines, by means of highly resolved large-eddy simulations, the fluid mechanic behaviour of an incompressible, turbulent flow separating from an axisymmetric, hill-shaped obstacle. The hill is subjected to a turbulent flat-plate boundary layer of thickness half of the hill height, developing within a large duct in which the hill is placed. The Reynolds number based on the hill height and the free-stream velocity is 130000, and the momentum-thickness Reynolds number of the boundary layer is 7300. Extensive and detailed experimental data are available for these same conditions, and these are compared with the simulations. Two entirely independent simulations are reported, undertaken by different groups with different codes and different grids. They are shown to agree closely in most respects, and any differences are carefully identified and discussed. Mean-flow properties, pressure distributions and turbulence characteristics are reported and compared with the experimental data, with particular emphasis being placed on the separation region that is formed in the leeward of the hill and on the near wake. The connection between the wall topology of the mean flow and the secondary motions in the wake is discussed in detail. Finally, some aspects of the unsteady flow are analysed, including the unsteadiness of the separation process and structural features and coherent motions in the wake.
Motion Coordination of Two Robots in Cartesian Space Based on Mechanical Impedance

Coordinated motion of two robots in Cartesian space is considered in the paper. Coordinated trajectory is generated as the sum of two motions: programmed and corrective. The corrective motion aims at limitation of the interaction force between robots. For calculation of the corrective motion speed the idea of mechanical impedance is used. As a measure of force interactions between robots change of distance between robots TCPs is used. Simulation experiments carried out for one dimensional case show that application of impedance based correctors results in the linear growth of change of distance between robots TCPs for constant difference between robots programmed speeds. Thus a modification of impedance based correctors is proposed. The modification consists in introduction of an integrating element in series with impedance corrector. Simulation tests for the modified correctors provide improved results – magnitude of change of distance is decreased. Linear increase of change of distance for impedance corrector is changed into a constant non zero value, whereas constant non zero value is changed into zero value. Simulation results for two dimensional case of coordinated motion are also presented.