Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The specification of business rules: A comparison of selected methodologies

Business rules are an important element of information systems. The notion business rule encompasses different phenomena; therefore, some classification criteria are presented and several examples are introduced to demonstrate different types of business rules. Given their practical importance, the necessity of a consistent treatment in the life-cycle of information systems is obvious. Therefore, commonly used functionand data-oriented methodologies for systems analysis are examined with respect to their ability to express business rules. It is shown that common methods are insufficient or at least inconvenient for a complete and systematic modeling of business rules. Some relevant enhancements of these methods are more powerful but still emphasize only certain aspects and types of business rules. Keyword Codes: D.2. 1; H.2. m
Transforming growth factor‐β activated long non‐coding RNA ATB plays an important role in acute rejection of renal allografts and may impacts the postoperative pharmaceutical immunosuppression therapy

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel intracellular noncoding ribonucleotides regulating the genome and proteome. The lncRNA activated by transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) (lncRNA‐ATB) was discovered as a prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. However, little is known about the role of lncRNA‐ATB in renal transplantation. This study aimed to assess lncRNA‐ATB expression in renal transplant patients with acute kidney injury and explore its role in postoperative pharmaceutical immunosuppression therapy.
Analytical Operations Relate Structural and Functional Connectivity in the Brain

Resting-state large-scale brain models vary in the amount of biological elements they incorporate and in the way they are being tested. One might expect that the more realistic the model is, the closer it should reproduce real functional data. It has been shown, instead, that when linear correlation across long BOLD fMRI time-series is used as a measure for functional connectivity (FC) to compare simulated and real data, a simple model performs just as well, or even better, than more sophisticated ones. The model in question is a simple linear model, which considers the physiological noise that is pervasively present in our brain while it diffuses across the white-matter connections, that is structural connectivity (SC). We deeply investigate this linear model, providing an analytical solution to straightforwardly compute FC from SC without the need of computationally costly simulations of time-series. We provide a few examples how this analytical solution could be used to perform a fast and detailed parameter exploration or to investigate resting-state non-stationarities. Most importantly, by inverting the analytical solution, we propose a method to retrieve information on the anatomical structure directly from functional data. This simple method can be used to complement or guide DTI/DSI and tractography results, especially for a better assessment of inter-hemispheric connections, or to provide an estimate of SC when only functional data are available.
Glacial Marine Sedimentation and Stratigraphy of the Toby Conglomerate (Upper Proterozoic), Southeastern British Columbia, Northwestern Idaho and Northeastern Washington

The outcrop of the Toby Conglomerate extends sinuously from southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington. It constitutes the basal part of the Windermere System (Upper Proterozoic), unconformably overlies the beveled Upper Purcell System, and conformably underlies either volcanic rocks or clastic Windermere sedimentary rocks of the Horsethief Creek Group and Monk Formation. The Toby Conglomerate consists chiefly of diamictite, which is complexly interstratified with conglomerates, sandstones, and argillites, the latter two containing dispersed megaclasts. Toby Conglomerate thickness ranges markedly from a few to nearly 2000 m. There is a dearth of tractive-current features within Toby sedimentary rocks. The presence of overlying pillow lavas and laminated argillites, turbidites, and grain flow deposits suggest that the basal Windermere System is of sub-aqueous origin. Paleogeographic reconstruction indicates deposition in the sea west of the orogenic landmass, Montania, peninsular to the Canad.
Large‐scale circulation and its variability in the south Indian Ocean from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry

The first 18 months of altimeter data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) mission were analyzed to study the large-scale mean surface circulation and its variability in the south Indian Ocean. A T/P sea level time series corrected for ocean tides using the Texas model (Eanes, 1994) was first validated against in situ sea level measurements from a bottom pressure recorder near Amsterdam Island. T/P data are a little contaminated by a 60-day tidal aliasing effect, very near the alias periods of M2 and S2 constituents. When this 60-day effect is removed, the data agree well with the bottom pressure-derived sea level within 2.0 cm rms difference. This indicates that only low-frequency ocean signals of periods greater than 60 days can be safely studied from T/P data. A T/P-derived mean dynamic topography relative to the Ohio State University 91A geoid (Rapp et al., 1991) was compared to the output of the fine resolution Antarctic model (Webb et al., 1991) and to historical hydrographic data. The altimetric solution shows excellent agreement with the numerical model solution and indicates an anticyclonic subtropical gyre north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and two cyclonic subpolar gyres south of this current, respectively, west and east of the Kerguelen Plateau. The western subpolar gyre corresponding to the eastern boundary of the Weddell Gyre appears to extend as far east as 60°E in the Weddell-Enderby Basin. However, the hydrography-derived dynamic topography does not reveal any clear evidence of these gyre features because of its inability to detect the barotropic component of currents. Finally, the T/P-derived sea level variability reveals clearly the well-known, strong current-topography interaction in the Southern Ocean. There appear no significant interannual variations of the mean position and magnitude of the major current systems in the south Indian Ocean.
Relationship between Health Insurance Status and the Pattern of Traditional Medicine Utilisation in Ghana

This paper examines the relationship between national health insurance status and the pattern of traditional medicine (TRM) use among the general population in Ghana. A retrospective cross-sectional survey of randomly sampled adults, aged ≥18 years (N = 324), was conducted. The results indicate that TRM use was high with prevalence of over 86%. The study found no statistically significant association between national health insurance status and TRM utilisation (P > 0.05). Paradoxically, major sources of TRM, frequency of TRM use, comedical administration, and disclosure of TRM use to health care professionals differed significantly between the insured and uninsured subgroups (P < 0.001). Whereas effectiveness of TRM predicted its use for both insured [odds ratio (OR) = 4.374 (confidence interval (CI): 1.753–10.913; P = 0.002)] and uninsured [OR = 3.383 CI: 0.869–13.170; P = 0.039)], work experience predicted TRM use for the insured [OR = 1.528 (95% CI: 1.309–1.900; P = 0.019)]. Cultural specific variables and health philosophies rather than health insurance status may influence health care-seeking behaviour and TRM use. The enrollment of herbal-based therapies on the national health insurance medicine plan is exigent to ensure monitoring and rational use of TRM towards intercultural health care system in Ghana.
Losing track of time through delayed body representations

The ability to keep track of time is perceived as crucial in most human societies. However, to lose track of time may also serve an important social role, associated with recreational purpose. To this end a number of social technologies are employed, some of which may relate to a manipulation of time perception through a modulation of body representation. Here, we investigated an influence of real-time or delayed videos of own-body representations on time perception in an experimental setup with virtual mirrors. Seventy participants were asked to either stay in the installation until they thought that a defined time (90 s) had passed, or they were encouraged to stay in the installation as long as they wanted and after exiting were asked to estimate the duration of their stay. Results show that a modulation of body representation by time-delayed representations of the mirror-video displays influenced time perception. Furthermore, these time-delayed conditions were associated with a greater sense of arousal and intoxication. We suggest that feeding in references to the immediate past into working memory could be the underlying mental mechanism mediating the observed modulation of time perception. We argue that such an influence on time perception would probably not only be achieved visually, but might also work with acoustic references to the immediate past (e.g., with music).
Transport and rounding of large boulders in mountain streams

On the floors and terrace treads of mountain valleys it is not unusual to find exceptionally large boulders. The size of these boulders is often beyond the ability of the existing stream, even in flood conditions, to have been moved by them. This raises the question of their mode of transportation from their point of origin to their resting place. This article gives four possible explanations: ice transport during the earlier glaciation of the region; mudflow transport; water-traction by rare floods of cataclysmic proportions; and intermittent progress due to alluvium erosion.
Photosynthetic Quantum Yield Dynamics: From Photosystems to Leaves[W][OA]

The quantum yield for CO2 fixation is wavelength dependent due to (1) light absorption by nonphotosynthetic pigments, (2) inefficient energy transfer, and (3) the excitation balance between the two photosystems. The growth-light spectrum alters the excitation balance by altering the photosystem composition, as shown both in vivo and in vitro. Enhancement effects can increase the quantum yield. The mechanisms underlying the wavelength dependence of the quantum yield for CO2 fixation (α) and its acclimation to the growth-light spectrum are quantitatively addressed, combining in vivo physiological and in vitro molecular methods. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was grown under an artificial sunlight spectrum, shade light spectrum, and blue light, and the quantum yield for photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) electron transport and α were simultaneously measured in vivo at 20 different wavelengths. The wavelength dependence of the photosystem excitation balance was calculated from both these in vivo data and in vitro from the photosystem composition and spectroscopic properties. Measuring wavelengths overexciting PSI produced a higher α for leaves grown under the shade light spectrum (i.e., PSI light), whereas wavelengths overexciting PSII produced a higher α for the sun and blue leaves. The shade spectrum produced the lowest PSI:PSII ratio. The photosystem excitation balance calculated from both in vivo and in vitro data was substantially similar and was shown to determine α at those wavelengths where absorption by carotenoids and nonphotosynthetic pigments is insignificant (i.e., >580 nm). We show quantitatively that leaves acclimate their photosystem composition to their growth light spectrum and how this changes the wavelength dependence of the photosystem excitation balance and quantum yield for CO2 fixation. This also proves that combining different wavelengths can enhance quantum yields substantially.
Averaging principle for second-order approximation of heterogeneous models with homogeneous models

Typically, models with a heterogeneous property are considerably harder to analyze than the corresponding homogeneous models, in which the heterogeneous property is replaced by its average value. In this study we show that any outcome of a heterogeneous model that satisfies the two properties of differentiability and symmetry is O(ɛ2) equivalent to the outcome of the corresponding homogeneous model, where ɛ is the level of heterogeneity. We then use this averaging principle to obtain new results in queuing theory, game theory (auctions), and social networks (marketing).
Intensification and rapid intensification of North Atlantic tropical cyclones: geography, time of year, age since genesis, and storm characteristics

Tropical cyclone best track data in the Atlantic from 1950 to 2009 were analysed to determine whether tendency to rapidly intensify varied among geographical sub‐regions, 15‐d intervals within the season, or when the storm displayed different characteristics of age, strength, or time of day. Wind speed increases of 7.7 m s−1 (15 kt)/24 h and 15.4 m s−1 (30 kt)/24 h were used to define intensification events; these ended up showing similar patterns. Cyclones were most likely to begin intensifying in the Gulf of Mexico and least likely in the northeast Atlantic. Likelihood did not peak during the early September peak of cyclone occurrence; cyclones were most likely to begin intensification on their initial observations, and at that time were most likely to do so if their wind speed was 18.0 m s−1 (35 kt). Older cyclones showed peaks of intensification onset at 15.4 m s−1 (30 kt) and 36.0 m s−1 (70 kt). Intensification rarely began immediately after wind speed had declined over the previous 6 h; when winds had been unchanged, intensification most often occurred when central pressure had dropped by 1 or 2 mb. Intensification onset was more likely when winds were slower than average relative to the storm's central pressure. In three time zones, onset of intensification (7.7 m s−1 [15 kt]/24 h) appeared to be most likely shortly after midnight local time, and least likely shortly before midnight. Cyclogenesis was least frequent around local midnight, and most likely in the diurnal morning hours.
An Overview of Various Biomimetic Scaffolds: Challenges and Applications in Tissue Engineering

In current year tissue damage, repair and regeneration has become a very serious clinical problem which accounts for billions of health issues all over the world every year. Many tissue repair substitute and techniques are now available although it is having many drawback; these disadvantages give a good reason for the continued research for more acceptable tissue engineered substitutes. Research that are presently going on to improve the design strategies to overcome the surgical outcomeinvolves the development of biopolymers and synthetic polymers as primary scaffold or luminal fillers as secondary scaffold with the tailored mechanical, physical and chemical properties. Biodegradable scaffolds for regenerated tissue is preferred since no foreign body will be left in the host hence there is no need of second surgery so it involves less complications. The purpose of the review article is to discuss about the various tissue engineering researches taking place around the globe, recent developments, and different biomaterials used for it and applications of tissue engineering. The improvement and validation ofmodalities which are capable of spontaneous regeneration would be valuable to properly grade injuries and rapidly identify cases which require surgical intervention with less ambiguity. This review article focuses on different biomaterials used for tissue regeneration or tissue restoration and their methods of fabricationas well as their application in bone, nerve, cartilage, skin tissue engineering.
An Improved Algorithm for Finding All Pair Shortest Path

Floyd Warshall‘s Algorithm is a simple and widely used algorithm to compute shortest path between all pairs of vertices in an edge weighted directed graph. It can also be used to detect the presence of negative cycles. Many researchers have given many other approaches for finding all pair shortest path but they reduced the complexity by using complex data structures. In this paper, we suggests a technique for finding shortest path based on Floyd Warshall‘s algorithm with reduced time complexity and also by not using complex data structures. We present an O(n
Specific surface area, density and microstructure of frost flowers

Frost flowers often grow on new sea ice. They are thought to have a high specific surface area (SSA) that provides sites for heterogeneous reactions. We have measured the SSA of frost flowers using CH4 adsorption at 77 K and obtained a value of 185 (+80 −50) cm2/g, much lower than inferred by others. Their density is 0.02 g/cm3. We calculate that the total surface area of frost flowers is 1.4 m2 per m2 of ice surface, so that they do not increase the ice surface area significantly. Their role as sites for enhanced heterogeneous reactions should be reconsidered. Frost flowers also commonly grow on fresh water and the saline brine seen on young sea ice is not necessary for their growth. Photo‐ and electro‐micrographs reveal hollow and concave structures, typical of very fast growing crystals. The brine that wicks up frost flowers considerably perturbs their growth.
Don't Forget to Lock the Back Door! A Characterization of IPv6 Network Security Policy

—There is growing operational awareness of the challenges in securely operating IPv6 networks. Through a measurement study of 520,000 dual-stack servers and 25,000 dual-stack routers, we examine the extent to which security policy codiﬁed in IPv4 has also been deployed in IPv6. We ﬁnd several high-value target applications with a comparatively open security policy in IPv6 including: ( i ) SSH, Telnet, SNMP, are more than twice as open on routers in IPv6 as they are in IPv4; ( ii ) nearly half of routers with BGP open were only open in IPv6; and ( iii ) in the server dataset, SNMP was twice as open in IPv6 as in IPv4. We conduct a detailed study of where port blocking policy is being applied and ﬁnd that protocol openness discrepancies are consistent within network boundaries, suggesting a systemic failure in organizations to deploy consistent security policy. We successfully communicate our ﬁndings with twelve network operators and all twelve conﬁrm that the relative openness was unintentional. Ten of the twelve immediately moved to deploy a congruent IPv6 security policy, reﬂecting real operational concern. Finally, we revisit the belief that the security impact of this comparative openness in IPv6 is mitigated by the infeasibility of IPv6 network-wide scanning—we ﬁnd that, for both of our datasets, host addressing practices make discovering these high-value hosts feasible by scanning alone. To help operators accurately measure their own IPv6 security posture, we make our probing system publicly available.
Radiocarbon measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds: Quantifying the biogenic contribution

The radiocarbon (14C) abundance of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) gives a quantitative estimate of contributions from biomass and fossil-mass sources, important information for effective regulation of ozone precursors. We report here details of a methodology to perform such measurements and the first exploratory 14C results on VOC fractions separated from two composited urban tropospheric air samples, collected during the summer (1992) in Atlanta, GA. The upper limit of the percentage of VOC originating from biomass sources during the morning and evening hours in Atlanta were 9 and 17%, respectively, measurements reported at the 95% confidence level. However, due to the level of the process blank and its uncertainty, in both cases the percentage can be as low as zero. The results of these experiments, designed to (i) evaluate the entire [14C]VOC measurement process and (ii) obtain reliable estimates of biogenic contributions to atmospheric VOC, emphasize how important controls are throughout.
Object selection in gaze controlled systems: What you don't look at is what you get

Controlling computers using eye movements can provide a fast and efficient alternative to the computer mouse. However, implementing object selection in gaze-controlled systems is still a challenge. Dwell times or fixations on a certain object typically used to elicit the selection of this object show several disadvantages. We studied deviations of critical thresholds by an individual and task-specific adaptation method. This demonstrated an enormous variability of optimal dwell times. We developed an alternative approach using antisaccades for selection. For selection by antisaccades, highlighted objects are copied to one side of the object. The object is selected when fixating to the side opposed to that copy requiring to inhibit an automatic gaze shift toward new objects. Both techniques were compared in a selection task. Two experiments revealed superior performance in terms of errors for the individually adapted dwell times. Antisaccades provide an alternative approach to dwell time selection, but they did not show an improvement over dwell time. We discuss potential improvements in the antisaccade implementation with which antisaccades might become a serious alternative to dwell times for object selection in gaze-controlled systems.
Helminth Parasites of an Introduced Invasive Carnivore Species, the Raccoon (Procyon lotor L.), From the Warta Mouth National Park (Poland)

Abstract We evaluated helminth parasites of the introduced North American raccoon (Procyon lotor L.) in Poland. From June 2006 to May 2007, 91 raccoon fecal samples were collected in the Warta Mouth National Park situated in western Poland near the Polish–German border. Coprological analyses involved flotation and sedimentation. In total, 7 helminth taxa were identified in the feces: Ancylostoma spp. , Baylisascaris procyonis, Capillariidae, Placoconus lotoris, Spirocerca lupi, Strongyloides procyonis, and Echinostoma sp. The parasite assemblage in the raccoon exhibited a low diversity. The results were compared with data from other European and North American studies and suggest a lower prevalence of parasites in newly invaded areas, compared with earlier invaded areas or the native range.
Wizard of Oz evaluation of listening-oriented dialogue control using POMDP

We have been working on dialogue control for listening agents. In our previous study [1], we proposed a dialogue control method that maximizes user satisfaction using partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) and evaluated it by a dialogue simulation. We found that it significantly outperforms other stochastic dialogue control methods. However, this result does not necessarily mean that our method works as well in real dialogues with human users. Therefore, in this paper, we evaluate our dialogue control method by a Wizard of Oz (WoZ) experiment. The experimental results show that our POMDP-based method achieves significantly higher user satisfaction than other stochastic models, confirming the validity of our approach. This paper is the first to show the usefulness of POMDP-based dialogue control using human users when the target function is to maximize user satisfaction.