Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Percepção subjetiva de esforço como marcadora da duração tolerável de exercício Ratings of perceived exertion as an indicator of the tolerable exercise duration

RESUMO A percepcao subjetiva de esforco (PSE) foi sugerida, originalmente, como uma marcadora da intensidade do exercicio, pois ela responderia as alteracoes nos sistemas cardiopulmonar e metabolico, principalmente as alteracoes da FC e concentracoes de lactato sanguineo durante o exercicio. Entretanto, esta interpretacao nao se alinha as respostas fisiologicas observadas em diferentes intensidades de exercicios, pois a PSE aumenta de forma linear, mesmo em intensidades em que ocorre um estado de equilibrio fisiologico. No presente artigo de revisao, discutimos que este desalinhamento entre teoria e resultados experimentais poderaestar ligado aos mecanismos de geracao e modulacao da PSE durante o exercicio. Neste caso, o mecanismo de geracao da PSE pelo sistema nervoso central podera responder basicamente a intensidade do exercicio, enquanto as respostas fisiologicas perifericas poderao modular a PSE ao longo do exercicio, indicando as condicoes fisiologicas quando da realizacao do exercicio. Desta forma, a PSE poderia ser marcadora da duracao toleravel do exercicio executado numa determinada intensidade. Palavras-chave: esforco percebido, fadiga, comando motor, feedback aferente
The Role of Sugars, Hexokinase, and Sucrose Synthase in the Determination of Hypoxically Induced Tolerance to Anoxia in Tomato Roots

Hypoxic pretreatment of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) roots induced an acclimation to anoxia. Survival in the absence of oxygen was improved from 10 h to more than 36 h if external sucrose was present. The energy charge value of anoxic tissues increased during the course of hypoxic acclimation, indicating an improvement of energy metabolism. In acclimated roots ethanol was produced immediately after transfer to anoxia and little lactic acid accumulated in the tissues. In nonacclimated roots significant ethanol synthesis occurred after a 1-h lag period, during which time large amounts of lactic acid accumulated in the tissues. Several enzyme activities, including that of alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and sucrose synthase, increased during the hypoxic pretreatment. In contrast to maize, hexokinase activities did not increase and phosphorylation of hexoses was strongly inhibited during anoxia in both kinds of tomato roots. Sucrose, but not glucose or fructose, was able to sustain glycolytic flux via the sucrose synthase pathway and allowed anoxic tolerance of acclimated roots. These results are discussed in relation to cytosolic acidosis and the ability of tomato roots to survive anoxia.
Melatonin‐mediated Bim up‐regulation and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) down‐regulation enhances tunicamycin‐induced apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells

Melatonin is involved in many physiological functions, and it has differential effects on apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. However, the mechanism of its antitumor roles is not well understood. In this study, we show that melatonin enhances tunicamycin‐induced apoptosis in human breast carcinoma MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Melatonin up‐regulates pro‐apoptotic protein Bim expression at the transcriptional levels in the presence of tunicamycin. Melatonin inhibits tunicamycin‐induced COX‐2 expression in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of COX‐2 activity using the COX‐2 inhibitor, NS398, increases tunicamycin‐induced apoptosis. Interestingly, these effects were not associated with melatonin receptor signal pathways. Pertussis toxin (a general Gi protein inhibitor) or luzindole (a nonspecific melatonin receptor antagonist) did not reverse the effect of melatonin. In addition, melatonin blocked tunicamycin‐induced NF‐κB transcriptional activity, p65 nuclear translocation, and p38 MAPK activation. Melatonin‐mediated p38 MAPK inhibition contributed to decreased COX‐2 mRNA stability. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin enhances antitumor function through up‐regulation of Bim expression and down‐regulation of COX‐2 expression in tunicamycin‐treated MDA‐MB‐231 cells.
Distinct but Overlapping Sites within the Cytoplasmic Dynein Heavy Chain for Dimerization and for Intermediate Chain and Light Intermediate Chain Binding*

Cytoplasmic dynein is a molecular motor complex consisting of four major classes of polypeptide: the catalytic heavy chains (HC), intermediate chains (IC), light intermediate chains (LIC), and light chains (LC). Previous studies have reported that the ICs bind near the N terminus of the HCs, which is thought to correspond to the base of the dynein complex. In this study, we co-overexpressed cytoplasmic dynein subunits in COS-7 cells to map HC binding sites for the ICs and LICs, as well as HC dimerization. We have found that the LICs bind directly to the N terminus of the HC, adjacent to and overlapping with the IC binding site, consistent with a role for the LICs in cargo binding. Mutation of the LIC P-loop had no detectable effect on HC binding. We detected no direct interaction between the ICs and LICs. Using triple overexpression of HC, IC and LIC, we found that both IC and LIC are present in the same complexes, a result verified by anti-IC immunoprecipitation of endogenous complexes and immunoblotting. Our results indicate that the LICs and ICs must be located on independent surfaces of cytoplasmic dynein to allow each to interact with other proteins without steric interference.
Compiler-aided methodology for low overhead on-line testing

Reliability is emerging as an important design criterion in modern systems due to increasing transient fault rates. Hardware fault-tolerance techniques, commonly used to address this, introduce high design costs. As alternative, software Signature-Monitoring (SM) schemes based on compiler assertions are an efficient method for control-flow-error detection. Existing SM techniques do not consider application-specific-information causing unnecessary overheads. In this paper, compile-time Control-Flow-Graph (CFG) topology analysis is used to place best-suited assertions at optimal locations of the assembly code to reduce overheads. Our evaluation with representative workloads shows fault-coverage increase with overheads close to Assertion-based Control-Flow Correction (ACFC), the method with lowest overhead. Compared to ACFC, our technique improves (on average) fault coverage by 17%, performance overhead by 5% and power-consumption by 3% with equal code-size overhead.
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences Impact of Agile Software Development on Quality within Information Technology Organizations

Quality and an emphasis on quality are must have ingredients for an organization to be successful. Therefore, in the present environment of fast pace software development, quality plays an essential role when it comes to the long term viability of IT organizations. As a result of continuous quality improvement, IT organizations have defined and implemented various quality processes and software development methodologies in order to achieve a higher quality standard. Currently, one of the most popular software development methodology is known as the Agile Software Development Methodology. Some IT organizations have been successful with the implementation of this new framework, while other IT organizations have experienced less success or complete failure. The purpose of this study is to provide some answers to the following thesis question that has not been answered yet by currently available literature related to Agile Software Development: in what ways does the implementation of Agile Software Development Methodology impacts quality within IT organizations? According to Dybå & Dingsøyr (2008, p.14), Agile Software Development, the innovative " movement " , has a considerable impact on organizations specialized in IT software development, and poses several hurdles that ultimately impact quality within IT organizations. This study takes a look at the impact of Agile Software Development on quality within the organizational, methodical, and cultural framework and provides industry standard recommendations to alleviate such impacts.
One application of neural networks for detection of defects using video data bases: identification of road distresses

Describes an application of neural networks to the discovery of road surface distresses (cracks, etc.) from video sequences. After describing the context of this application, we detail its progressive design. We initially thought of using only one neural network to totally analyze each image extracted from a video sequence. We later thought of a more simple neural network analyzing only a small part of each image each time, with a preprocessor scanning the image. We finally preferred to simplify the role of the neural network by putting an image preprocessing sequence in front, to extract objects that were then identified by the neural network. We describe the sequence of treatments that we use and detail each processing step: improvement of the original image, extraction of significant objects (possible distresses) and identification of these objects by the neural network. We conclude by evaluating the performance of our system and by discussing possible improvements.
The effects of rigid motions on elastic network model force constants

Elastic network models provide an efficient way to quickly calculate protein global dynamics from experimentally determined structures. The model's single parameter, its force constant, determines the physical extent of equilibrium fluctuations. The values of force constants can be calculated by fitting to experimental data, but the results depend on the type of experimental data used. Here, we investigate the differences between calculated values of force constants and data from NMR and X‐ray structures. We find that X‐ray B factors carry the signature of rigid‐body motions, to the extent that B factors can be almost entirely accounted for by rigid motions alone. When fitting to more refined anisotropic temperature factors, the contributions of rigid motions are significantly reduced, indicating that the large contribution of rigid motions to B factors is a result of over‐fitting. No correlation is found between force constants fit to NMR data and those fit to X‐ray data, possibly due to the inability of NMR data to accurately capture protein dynamics. Proteins 2012; © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methodological approaches and rationale for training to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes

Female athletes have a four‐ to sevenfold increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared with their male counterparts playing at similar levels in the same sports. The elevated risk of ACL injury in females coupled with the geometric increase in female sports participation in the last 30 years has led to a rapid rise in these injuries. This large increase in ACL injury incidence has fueled studies into both mechanisms of injury and interventions to prevent injury. A review of published multidisciplinary approaches demonstrates that several training protocols have utilized multiple components targeted toward injury prevention training and were able to reduce injury incidence in female athletes. Similar training techniques may also be used to gain improvements in measures of performance. The purpose of this review is to highlight training components that may reduce ACL injury risk and assess their potential for combined use in performance‐oriented protocols.
Stage‐specific gene expression in early differentiating oligodendrocytes

The screening of a differential library from precursor and differentiated oligodendrocytes, obtained through the representational difference analysis (RDA) technique, has generated a number of cDNA recombinants corresponding to mRNA coding for known and unknown proteins: (1) mRNA coding for proteins involved in protein synthesis, (2) mRNA coding for proteins involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton, and (3) mRNA coding for proteins of unknown function. The expression profile of the mRNA was studied by Northern blot hybridization to the poly‐A+ mRNA from primary rat progenitor and differentiated oligodendrocytes. In most cases, hybridization to the precursor was higher than hybridization to the differentiated mRNA, supporting the validity of the differential screening. Hybridization of the cDNA to rat cerebral hemisphere and brain stem poly‐A+ mRNA, isolated from 1‐ to 90‐day‐old rats, confirms the results obtained with the mRNA from differentiating oligodendrocytes. The intensity of the hybridization bands decreases as differentiation proceeds. The pattern of expression observed in oligodendrocytes is different from that found in the brain only in the case of the nexin‐1 mRNA, the level of which remains essentially constant throughout differentiation both in the brain stem and in the cerebral hemispheres, in agreement with the published data. In contrast, the intensity of hybridization to the oligodendrocyte mRNA is dramatically lower in the differentiated cells compared with the progenitor oligodendrocyte cells. Some of the recombinant cDNA represent mRNA sequences present at high frequency distribution in the cells, while others belong to the rare sequences group. Six recombinants code for proteins of the ribosomal family, suggesting that of approximately 70 known ribosomal proteins, only a few are upregulated during oligodendrocyte differentiation. The third category of open reading frame (ORF) is represented by rare messengers coding for proteins of unknown functions and includes six clones: RDA 279, 11, 95, 96, 254, and 288. GLIA 39:114–123, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN OF AGRARIAN FAMILIES IN BANGLADESH: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS

The nutritional status of under five children is a sensitive sign of a country's health status as well as economic condition. This study investigated differential impact of some demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and health related factors on nutritional status among under five children in Bangladesh whose fathers' occupation was agriculture. The study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007 data. Bivariate analysis, multivariate analysis (Cox's linear logistic regression model) and two-level random intercept binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the determinants of under-five malnutrition. The analyses revealed that 19.6 percent of the children were severely stunted, 29.4 percent were moderately stunted and 51 percent were not stunted. This study also found that 3.5 percent of the children were severely wasted, 16.5 percent were moderately wasted and 80 percent were not wasted. Furthermore, the analyses revealed that 14.5 percent of the children were severely underweight, 32.5 percent were moderately underweight and 53 percent children were not underweight. The main contributing factors for under five malnutrition were found to be child's age, birth order, mother's education, father's education, family wealth index, sanitation facility, place of delivery, place of residence and division. Community level variations were found significant for wasting only in the analyses.
A Novel Task Communication and Scheduling Algorithm for NoC-based MPSoC

With the high performance demand, recent embedded systems are mostly based on NoC (Network-on-Chip) architectures, which would bring complex on-chip communication and scheduling problems. In this paper, a novel task scheduling algorithm which statically schedules both communication transactions and computation tasks onto heterogeneous NoC architectures under real-time constraints is presented. Our algorithm is capable of assigning tasks onto different processing elements (PE) automatically and scheduling their execution. We map tasks onto an 8× 8 NoC-based MPSoC to show that our scheduling algorithm leads to reduction in the total execution time, energy consumption. Experimental results show that for a multimedia application, more than 40% energy savings have been observed compared to the schedules generated by a standard scheduler.
Performance comparison of SISO and MIMO-OFDM based on SDR platform

Due to requirement of reliable high-speed wireless communication, OFDM combined with multiple antennas (MIMO) system is a key technology for next-generation wireless communications to improve transmission performance. In this paper, we conduct field experiment for SISO and MIMO-OFDM using USRP N210 hardware as SDR platform. The research is conducted in LOS and NLOS environment with 16-QAM modulation technique. The result shows that MIMO-OFDM achieves better performance than SISO-OFDM. 2×2 MIMO spatial diversity with Alamouti STBC algorithm gives 2 dB diversity gain at BER of 5.10−4 in LOS scheme and 6.7 dB in NLOS scheme at BER of 5.10−3.
Parameterization and Evaluation of Robotic Orientation Workspace: A Geometric Treatment

The volume of the orientation workspace is measured based on two invariant principles: It must be invariant with respect to the ground frame and invariant with respect to the orientation description. A method which is based on quaternions and differential geometry is developed for the measurement of the volume correctly. The method is extended for an arbitrary orientation description by means of a mapping theorem proposed for the first time. An example of a serial spherical wrist shows that the volumes that are obtained by the proposed method are consistent with the two invariant principles.
Research-based Design and Research through Design: a Case Study of the Improvement in the User Experience of an Autism Caregiver Using Ict

There is a long history in design study of focusing on designers, but this does not connect well with industry and the end products of design. With the emerging importance of user experience (UX), we argue that what is needed is a new kind of design study that focuses on users, relates to the end products, and results in mutual benefits for research and practice. It is both " research-based design " and " research through design ". The design process of iCAN was used to demonstrate a new kind of design study that combines both design research and design practice. iCAN is an app used in the place of traditional tools to assist caregivers in developing the cognitive and communication skills of children with autism. The three phases of the process were UX Research, UX Design, and UX Testing. They demonstrate the inter-connection between design research and design practice, and also demonstrate the features of the new kind of design study. We believe that this is the future direction of design studies, and has benefits for both design researchers and practitioners.
Teachers' Perceptions About Oral Corrective Feedback and Their Practice in EFL Classrooms Percepciones de los docentes acerca de la retroalimentación correctiva y su práctica en las aulas de inglés como lengua extranjera

Corrective feedback has been discussed mainly in second language acquisition contexts, but less has been done concerning corrective feedback in foreign language settings. In this descriptive study, con-ducted at a Mexican university, our aims were to identify the perceptions of instructors of English as a foreign language about corrective feedback and its actual practice in their classrooms. A semi-structured interview and a questionnaire were used to collect the data. The results show that teachers in general have a positive perception of oral corrective feedback. However, some consider it as optional because instructors are very concerned with students’ feelings and emotions. Unfocused oral cor- rective feedback and implicit strategies are predominant in practice. Corrective feedback provided by the instructor is preferred to that provided by peers. Self-correction is the least popular.
MOBBING CALLS OF BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEES: EFFECTS OF URGENCY ON CALL PRODUCTION

Abstract Many animals advertise the presence of a predator threat through vocal signals. Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) use their chick-a-dee call as a mobbing call when encountering a perched hawk or owl. This social signal appears to serve as an alert to other chickadees, causing them to rally to the vicinity of the predator and join in a chorus of calling. We asked the question: do chickadees vary the mobbing call in a manner that could convey the immediacy of threat from a potential predator? We examined the responses of chickadees to a taxidermic mount of an avian predator presented at distances of 1 m and 6 m from each subject. Vocal responses were recorded and analyzed for response latency, calling rate, and syllable composition of calls. During 5-min trials, the subjects responded more quickly and produced significantly more chick-a-dee calls for predator presentations at the 1-m distance than at the 6-m distance. Alterations of syllable composition of the call also were observed under the two treatments. These results suggest that information about the immediacy of threat or proximity of a predator may be signaled by alteration of the rate of calling, with possible additional information contained in proportional changes in the different syllable types of the call. Studies of referential (symbolic) communication in birds and mammals often have failed to consider the problem of response urgency separately from predator-type labeling in vocal signal design.
Myocilin Gene Expression in the Trabecular Meshwork of Rats in a Steroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension Model

Purpose: To investigate the expression pattern of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork of normal and dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertensive rat eyes. Materials and Methods: An ocular hypertension model was generated by application of topical dexamethasone to rat eyes 4 times daily for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Age-matched untreated eyes served as controls. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored by electronic Tono-pen under anesthesia. The protein and mRNA levels of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork and endothelial lining of Schlemm’s canal were investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. For semiquantitative evaluation, areas with positive staining were analyzed by a computer-assisted image-processing system with NIH software. Results: The IOP in rat eyes was elevated after 2 weeks of topical dexamethasone treatment. Despite the IOP elevation, the protein and mRNA levels of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork and around Schlemm’s canal in the steroid-treated eyes were not different from those of controls. Conclusion: No discernible changes in myocilin expression in the chamber angle indicate that myocilin may not be directly linked to ocular hypertension, at least not in rat eyes after relatively short-term steroid application.