Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viscous propagation of mass flow variability in accretion discs

We study the mass flow rate through a disc resulting from a varying mass-supply rate. Variable mass-supply rate occurs, for example, during disc state transitions, and in interacting eccentric binaries. It is, however, damped by the viscosity of the disc. Here, we calculate this damping in detail. We derive an analytical description of the propagation of the flow rate using the solution of Lynden-Bell & Pringle, in which the disc is assumed to extend to infinity. In particular, we derive the accretion-rate Green's function, and its Fourier transform, which gives the fractional damping at a given variability frequency. We then compare this model to that of a finite disc with the mass supply at its outer edge. We find significant differences with respect to the infinite disc solution, which we find to overestimate the viscous damping. In particular, the asymptotic form of the Green's function is power law for the infinite disc and exponential for the finite one. We then find a simple fitting form for the latter, and also calculate its Fourier transform. In general, the damping becomes very strong when the viscous time at the outer edge of the disc becomes longer than the modulation time-scale. We apply our results to a number of astrophysical systems. We find the effect is much stronger in low-mass X-ray binaries, where the disc size is comparable to that of the Roche lobe, than in high-mass binaries, where the wind-fed disc can have a much smaller size.
The Role of Human Body Movements in Mate Selection

It is common scientific knowledge, that most of what we say within a conversation is not only expressed by the words' meaning alone, but also through our gestures, postures, and body movements. This non-verbal mode is possibly rooted firmly in our human evolutionary heritage, and as such, some scientists argue that it serves as a fundamental assessment and expression tool for our inner qualities. Studies of nonverbal communication have established that a universal, culture-free, non-verbal sign system exists, that is available to all individuals for negotiating social encounters. Thus, it is not only the kind of gestures and expressions humans use in social communication, but also the way these movements are performed, as this seems to convey key information about an individual's quality. Dance, for example, is a special form of movement, which can be observed in human courtship displays. Recent research suggests that people are sensitive to the variation in dance movements, and that dance performance provides information about an individual's mate quality in terms of health and strength. This article reviews the role of body movement in human non-verbal communication, and highlights its significance in human mate preferences in order to promote future work in this research area within the evolutionary psychology framework.
Geographic location-based distributed routing system

This paper proposes a geographic location-based distributed routing (GDR) system. GDR system is a structured distributed information lookup and routing (SDILR) system that provides information lookup, based on the geographic latitude and longitude coordinates, where each node is given the coordinates as an identifier (ID) and manages an overlay routing table. We generate an ID to reflect the geographical location without using Space Filling Curve (SFC). By transforming the 2-D plane into a grid with several uniform size non-overlapping rectangular areas. The ID is in cartesian format (x; y), which represents the longitude and latitude coordinates, respectively. In a system with size N, each node has a routing table of size logN and a search is possible in O(logN). We evaluate the performance on the mean of query path and relay distance, which is the total distance on query paths, of GDR, CAN, Chord, and Kademlia. Our results show that the mean path length of GDR, Chord, and Kademlia are the same, while the mean relay distance of GDR is shorter than that of Chord and Kademlia. Furthermore, while the mean relay distances of GDR and CAN are the same, but the mean path length of GDR is shorter than that of CAN.
State-based Classification of Finger Gestures from Electromyographic Signals

Electromyographic signals may provide an important new class of user interface for consumer electronics. In order to make such interfaces effective, it will be crucial to map EMG signals to user gestures in real time. The mapping from signals to gestures will vary from user to user, so it must be acquired adaptively. In this paper, we describe and compare three methods for static classiﬁcation of EMG signals. We then go on to explore methods for adapting the classiﬁers over time and for sequential analysis of the gesture stream by combining the static classiﬁcation algorithm with a hidden Markov model. We conclude with an evaluation of the combined model on an unsegmented stream of gestures.
Internal Kinematics of the Andromeda II Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

The High-Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on the Keck I telescope has been used to measure nine radial velocities having a median precision of ≃2 km s-1 for seven red giants belonging to the isolated dwarf spheroidal galaxy Andromeda II (And II). We find a weighted mean radial velocity of r = -188 ± 3 km s-1 and a central velocity dispersion of σ0 = 9.3 km s-1. There may be evidence for a radial velocity gradient across the face of the galaxy, although the significance of this result is low because of the small number of stars having measured velocities. Our best estimate for the global mass-to-light ratio of And II is M/LV = 20.9M☉/LV,☉. This value is similar to those of several Galactic dwarf spheroidal galaxies and is consistent with the presence of a massive dark halo in And II.
Characteristic arrangement of nucleosomes is predictive of chromatin interactions at kilobase resolution

High-throughput chromosome conformation capture technologies, such as Hi-C, have made it possible to survey 3D genome structure. However, the ability to obtain 3D profiles at kilobase resolution at low cost remains a major challenge. Therefore, we herein report a computational method to precisely identify chromatin interaction sites at kilobase resolution from MNase-seq data, termed chromatin interaction site detector (CISD), and a CISD-based chromatin loop predictor (CISD_loop) that predicts chromatin-chromatin interaction (CCI) from low-resolution Hi-C data. The methods are built on a hypothesis that CCIs result in a characteristic nucleosome arrangement pattern flanking the interaction sites. Accordingly, we show that the predictions of CISD and CISD_loop overlap closely with chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) anchors and loops, respectively. Moreover, the methods trained in one cell type can be applied to other cell types with high accuracy. The validity of the methods was further supported by chromosome conformation capture (3C) experiments at 5kb resolution. Finally, we demonstrate that only modest amounts of MNase-seq and Hi-C data are sufficient to achieve ultrahigh resolution CCI map. The predictive power of CISD/CISD_loop supports the hypothesis that CCIs induce local nucleosome rearrangement and that the pattern may serve as probes for 3D dynamics of the genome. Thus, our method will facilitate precise and systematic investigations of the interactions between distal regulatory elements on a larger scale than hitherto have been possible.
Allometric scaling of foraging rate with trail dimensions in leaf-cutting ants

Leaf-cutting ants (Atta spp.) create physical pathways to support the transport of resources on which colony growth and reproduction depend. We determined the scaling relationship between the rate of resource acquisition and the size of the trail system and foraging workforce for 18 colonies of Atta colombica and Atta cephalotes. We examined conventional power-law scaling patterns, but did so in a multivariate analysis that reveals the simultaneous effects of forager number, trail length and trail width. Foraging rate (number of resource-laden ants returning to the nest per unit time) scaled at the 0.93 power of worker numbers, the –1.02 power of total trail length and the 0.65 power of trail width. These scaling exponents indicate that individual performance declines only slightly as more foragers are recruited to the workforce, but that trail length imposes a severe penalty on the foraging rate. A model of mass traffic flow predicts the allometric patterns for workforce and trail length, although the effect of trail width is unexpected and points to the importance of the little-known mechanisms that regulate a colony's investment in trail clearance. These results provide a point of comparison for the role that resource flows may play in allometric scaling patterns in other transport-dependent entities, such as human cities.
A Language for Encoding and Reconstruction of Rewriting Proofs

We present a language for encoding semiautomatic proofs of theorems in the inductive theory generated by a system of equations oriented as rewriting rules. These proofs can be made using a rewriting induction principle with a special notion of cover set. The proofs can include simple or conditional rewriting steps using auxiliary lemmas and case analysis subprooofs. The language allows the encoding of partially finished proofs for their later reconstruction and continuance. The language has been added to the p3f system and the successful experiments performed indicate its viability and usefulness for encoding and reconstruction of rewriting proofs.
Semilinear degenerate parabolic systems and distributed capacitance models

A two-scale microstructure model of current flow in a medium with continuously distributed capacitance is extended to include nonlinearities in the conductance across the interface between the local capacitors and the global conducting medium. The resulting degenerate system of partial differential equations is shown to be in the form of a semilinear parabolic evolution equation in Hilbert space. It is shown directly that such an equation is equivalent to a subgradient flow and, hence, displays the appropriate parabolic regularizing effects. Various limiting cases are identified and the corresponding convergence results obtained by letting selected parameters tend to infinity.
Generalized linear perspective shadow map reparameterization

Shadow mapping is an efficient approach for real-time shadow rendering, but it usually suffers from inherent aliasing artifacts due to the image-based nature. The aliasing errors of shadow mapping can be classified into two categories: perspective aliasing errors and projection aliasing errors. In this paper, we present the Generalized Linear Perspective Reparameterization (GLPR) of shadow maps to reduce perspective aliasing errors. The generalized perspective reparameterization function is formulized first, in which three parameters are taken into account: 1) the cross angle between the view and light direction, 2) the distance from the projection reference point to the near plane in the perspective warping frustum, and 3) the pixel's depth. The distribution of perspective aliasing errors of all currently existing perspective reparamterizations can be uniformly described by this function. Based on this generalized representation, the direction-dependent warping transform is chosen to keep the linear perspective aliasing distribution when the light direction is not perpendicular with the view direction.
Aperture efficiency analysis of reflectarray antennas

In the design procedure of a reflectarray antenna system, the aperture efficiency needs to be first analyzed to forecast the system performance. This article investigates the effects of the reflectarray configuration parameters on the antenna aperture efficiency. A general approach is introduced to calculate the spillover efficiency of a reflectarray with arbitrarily shaped aperture and feed scheme. Meanwhile, the illumination efficiency of the reflectarray is analyzed with a unified set of equations. On the basis of these derivations, parametric studies are performed to provide design guidelines for optimizing the aperture efficiency of reflectarray antennas. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 364–372, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24949
Defending Against Physical Destruction Attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks

In order to defeat physical destruction attacks on wireless sensor networks, the base station (BS) need have the ability to continuously self-monitor the change of the WSN's coverage performance. In this paper, we propose a secure coverage inference protocol (SCIP) which can provide the BS an accurate and in-time measurement of the current connected coverage in an energy-efficient way, and our SCIP is resilient to attacks from external adversaries as well as to attacks from compromised nodes
Community Topic Usage in Social Networks

When studying large social media data sets, it is useful to reduce the dimensionality of both the network (e.g. by finding communities) and user-generated data such as text (e.g. using topic models). Algorithms exist for both these tasks, however their combination has received little attention and proposed models to date are not scalable (e.g.: [4]). One approach to such combined modelling is to perform community and topic modelling independently and later combine the results. In the case of overlapping communities, this combination requires a method for attributing each users topic usage to the communities in which she participates. This paper presents a Bayesian model for attributing individual documents to communities which balances the users proportional community membership with community topic coherence. Community topic usage is modelled with a Dirichlet distribution with fixed concentration parameter, leading to a well defined conjugate prior. Thought the prior is computationally expensive, the already reduced dimensionality in both topics and communities make a tractable algorithm feasible, even for large data sets. The model is applied to a corpus of tweets and twitter follower relations collected on hash tags used by people with eating disorders [14].
Reforming Sweden's budgetary institutions - Background, design and experiences

The task of budgetary institutions is to solve or, at least, alleviate a number of the problems associated with collective decision-making in the political sphere. The successful design of institutions requires that these problems be precisely characterised and that appropriate solutions be developed. To some extent, the objectives connected with different problems are conflicting, which leads to difficult trade-offs that are both technical and political in nature. The present report discusses these trade-offs against the backdrop of the Swedish budgetary reforms carried out in the 1990s. It also discusses why certain solutions were chosen and others not and provides indications of the effects of these budgetary reforms on public finances in Sweden.
Anatomical and micromorphological studies on Teucrium sect. Isotriodon (Lamiaceae) in Turkey with a taxonomic note

In this study, the anatomical features of the leaf and stem, besides the nutlet characteristics of some Teucrium sect. Isotriodon (Lamiaceae) taxa in Turkey, T. montbretii Betham subsp. montbretii, T. montbretii subsp. pamphylicum P. H. Davis, T. odontites Boiss. & Bal. , T. cavernarum P. H. Davis, T. antitauricum T. Ekim, along with an isolated population of T. montbretii (T. montbretii subsp.) were investigated. The anatomical studies revealed that the taxa share generally similar anatomical characters, such as thicker upper leaf cuticles and larger upper leaf epidermal cells compared to lower ones and diacytic to anomocytic stomata on the leaves. However, the portion of the mesophyll occupied by palisade parenchyma and the occurrence of mucilage cells in leaf epidermis shows difference among the taxa. Furthermore, the studied taxa have general stem characteristics of the Lamiaceae family, except for having poorly developed collenchyma at the corners. With the amphistomatic leaves and developed sclerenchymatic tissue in the leaf median vein, T. cavernarum is seperated from the other taxa. Trichome types on the vegetative organs and nutlet shape and sculpturing are generally the same or similar in the studied taxa, but trichomes on the nutlets are different among them. Based on nutlet characteristics and some morphological ones, it was revealed that the isolated population of T. montbretii represent a new subspecies, T. monbretii subsp. yildirimlii M. Dinç & S. Doğu subsp. nov.
Stellar Parameters and Elemental Abundances of Late-G Giants

The properties of 322 intermediate-mass late-G giants (comprising 10 planet-host stars) selected as the targets of the Okayama Planet Search Program, many of which are red-clump giants, were comprehensively investigated by establishing their various stellar parameters (atmospheric parameters, including turbulent velocity fields, metallicity, luminosity, mass, age, projected rotational velocity, etc.), and their photospheric chemical abundances for 17 elements, in order to study their mutual dependence, connection with the existence of planets, and possible evolution-related characteristics. The metallicity distribution of planet-host giants was found to be almost the same as that of non-planet-host giants, making marked contrast to the case of planet-host dwarfs tending to be metal-rich. Generally, the metallicities of these comparatively young (typical age of � 10 9 yr) giants tend to be somewhat lower than those of dwarfs at the same age, and super-metal-rich ([Fe=H] > 0.2) giants appear to be lacking. Apparent correlations were found between the abundances of C, O, and Na, suggesting that the surface compositions of these elements have undergone appreciable changes due to dredge-up of H-burning products by evolution-induced deep
EVENT STRUCTURE AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS

In the present article it will be assumed that events may be split into subevents and that there is a temporal relationship of precedence or overlap between subevents. Event structure is understood as the set of subevents together with the temporal relationship holding between them. An essential part of event structure can be determined by means of temporal adverbials. It will be claimed that at least ten different verb classes can be identified on the basis of event structure. It will also be pointed out that in some cases event structure has to be derived compositionally.
Segmentation of DNA microarray images using an adaptive graph-based method

Microarray is a powerful tool for simultaneous study of the behaviour of thousands of genes through analysis of produced images. The correct segmentation of each ‘spot’ of the microarray image is a critical step in the analysis of the results of an experiment. A graph-based method is proposed which automatically performs the segmentation. The performance of the algorithm is tested both on real and simulated images. The proposed algorithm successfully detected spots of different sizes and shapes under the presence of variable noise levels. The simulation results proved that the suggested approach has high segmentation accuracy.
Mapping of cognitive functions in chronic intractable epilepsy: Role of fMRI

Abstract Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a non-invasive technique with high spatial resolution and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast, has been applied to localize and map cognitive functions in the clinical condition of chronic intractable epilepsy. Purpose: fMRI was used to map the language and memory network in patients of chronic intractable epilepsy pre- and post-surgery. Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, six patients with intractable epilepsy with an equal number of age-matched controls were recruited in the study. A 1.5 T MR scanner with 12-channel head coil, integrated with audio-visual fMRI accessories was used. Echo planar imaging sequence was used for BOLD studies. There were two sessions in TLE (pre- and post-surgery). Results: In TLE patients, BOLD activation increased post-surgery in comparison of pre-surgery in inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and superior temporal gyrus (STG), during semantic lexical, judgment, comprehension, and semantic memory tasks. Conclusion: Functional MRI is useful to study the basic concepts related to language and memory lateralization in TLE and guide surgeons for preservation of important brain areas during ATLR. This will help in understanding future directions for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease.
Trading Volatility of the Dow Jones Industrial Average Stocks

We compute Black and Scholes implied volatility of the Dow Jones individual stocks, using at the money put option premium, that was produced by an option valuation model. The option model is based on simulating return paths, that account for asymmetry in the underlying returns using Clayton copula. A security selection strategy that buys low volatility securities, suggests, that the computed implied volatilities provide clues to select individual securities. In particular, we found that low volatility securities are attractive, and outperformed the performance of various benchmarks.
On Casimir Energy Contribution to Observable Value of the Cosmological Constant

The contribution of the ground state energy of quantum fields to the cosmological constant is estimated from the point of view of the standard Casimir energy calculation scheme. It is shown that the requirement of the renormalization group invariance leads to the value of the effective $\L$-term which is of 11 orders higher than the result extracted from the experimental data.
Hα Rotation Curves: The Soft Core Question

We present high-resolution Hα rotation curves of four late-type dwarf galaxies and two low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies, for which accurate H I rotation curves are available from the literature. Observations are carried out at Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. For LSB F583-1 an innovative dispersing element was used, the Volume Phase Holographic, with a dispersion of about 0.35 Å pixel-1. We find good agreement between the Hα data and the H I observations and conclude that the H I data for these galaxies suffer very little from beam smearing. We show that the optical rotation curves of these dark matter-dominated galaxies are best fitted by the Burkert profile. In the centers of galaxies, where the N-body simulations predict cuspy cores and fast rising rotation curves, our data seem to be in better agreement with the presence of soft cores.