Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronotype, gender and general health

ABSTRACT Background: Light–dark alternation has always been the strongest external circadian “zeitgeber” for humans. Due to its growing technological preference, our society is quickly transforming toward a progressive “eveningness” (E), with consequences on personal circadian preference (chronotype), depending on gender as well. The aim of this study was to review the available evidence of possible relationships between chronotype and gender, with relevance on disturbances that could negatively impact general health, including daily life aspects. Methods: Electronic searches of the published literature were performed in the databases MEDLINE and Web of Science, by using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH), when available, or other specific keywords. Results: Results were grouped into four general areas, i.e. (a) “General and Cardiovascular Issues”, (b) “Psychological and Psychopathological Issues”, (c) “Sleep and Sleep-Related Issues” and (d) “School and School-Related Issues”. (a) E is associated with unhealthy and dietary habits, smoking and alcohol drinking (in younger subjects) and, in adults, with diabetes and metabolic syndrome; (b) E is associated with impulsivity and anger, depression, anxiety disorders and nightmares (especially in women), risk taking behavior, use of alcohol, coffee and stimulants, psychopathology and personality traits; (c) E has been associated, especially in young subjects, with later bedtime and wake-up time, irregular sleep–wake schedule, subjective poor sleep, school performance and motivation, health-related quality of life; (d) E was associated with lowest mood and lower overall grade point average (especially for women). Conclusions: Eveningness may impact general health, either physical or mental, sleep, school results and achievements, especially in younger age and in women. The role of family support is crucial, and parents should be deeply informed that abuse of technological devices during night hours may lead to the immature adjustment function of children’s endogenous circadian pacemakers.
Sector size, technical change and stability in the USA (1957-2006): a Schumpeterian approach

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to investigate two famous postulates of the Schumpeterian doctrine and its implications for the US economy. Design/methodology/approach - – Analytically, the authors investigate whether sector size matters for sectoral: technological change and stability, as expressed through the relevant quantitative measures and variables. To this end, the authors test a number of relevant models that express the various forms of this relationship. More precisely, the authors use panel data for the 14 main sectors of economic activity in the USA over the period 1957-2006, just before the first signs of the US and global recession made their appearance. Findings - – The results seem to be in line with the Schumpeterian postulate that market size matters for technological change and economic stability, for the US economy (1957-2006). Clearly, further research would be of great interest. Originality/value - – This work contributes to the literature in the following ways: first, it provides an extensive review of the literature on the subject and adopts two relevant methodological approaches. Second, based on these quantitative approaches, the paper offers a complete investigation of two famous postulates of the Schumpeterian theory for the US economy, and it is the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to do so by sector of economic activity, in a panel data framework. Third, the paper uses a wide data set (1957-2006) to examine the US economy up until the first signs of the US and global economic recession made their appearance.
Organizing for Innovation

In today's business environment, there is no executive task more vital and demanding than the sustained management of innovation and change. Rapid changes in the marketplace make it essential to think in terms of the future. This article discusses the various types of innovation and focuses on how to organize for today's work while managing for tomorrow's innovation. It also deals with the role of leadership—specifically, the relationship between executive leadership and innovation.
Uno, Duo, Trio? Varieties of Trio Presidencies in the Council of Ministers

The trio Presidency function entails that Member States in groups of three are responsible for drawing up a common programme for the Council for a period of 18 months and for assisting each other. This article contributes new knowledge by focusing on the variation between four different trio Presidencies that have ended their terms since the function was launched in 2007. A typology is developed to classify past and future trio Presidencies. It is shown that there are considerable variation between past trio formations with regard to whether they follow the same objectives (scope) and how much they co-ordinate to achieve these (depth). The observed variation is linked to the environment in which the trio Presidency operates, the individual trio members' attitude toward European integration, their territorial structuring of the state, their size, the ideology of the government and personality of the involved actors.
Modulation of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell behavior using biophysical and biochemical cues: A review

In vitro manipulation of human stem cells is a critical process in regenerative medicine and cellular therapies. Strategies and methods to maintain stem cells and direct them into specific lineages are ongoing challenges in these fields. To date, a number of studies have reported that besides biochemical stimulation, biophysical cues in the form of surface patterning and external stimulation also influence stem cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, and can be used in cell reprogramming and the maintenance of pluripotency. While biochemical cues are generally effective and easy to deliver, biophysical cues have many other advantages for scalability as they are cost efficient, have a longer lifetime, and can be easily defined. However, different protocols and cell sources utilized in a variety of studies have led to difficulties in obtaining clear conclusions about the effects of the biophysical environment on stem cells. In addition, the examination of different types of external stimulation is time consuming and limited by available fabrication techniques, resulting in a delay in commercialization and clinical applications. In this review, we aim to summarize the most important biophysical cues and methods for the culture of human stem cells, including mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cells, to facilitate their adoption in stem cell biology. The standard classical protocols of using biochemical cues will also be discussed for comparison. We believe that combining biochemical and biophysical stimulation has the greatest potential to generate functionally mature cells at a scalable and inexpensive rate for diverse applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 260–280. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation the Effect of Gender, Experience and Education on the Earning of Urban and Rural Employees

due to the necessity for determining effective factors on peoples income and the rate of effectiveness, In this article, the effect of main variables in human capital, such as, official education and work experience years along with gender variable on employees' income in urban and rural areas in Mazandaran have been examined during 1989 to 2008. The results which have been gained by the Mincer's earning function for every year show that, in urban and rural areas, education had positive and significant effect on employees' income in urban and rural areas and this effect increases by increasing the educational category. The years of work experiences, has significant and positive effect and the urban and rural employees reach the highest income at age of 47 and 51. Also, due to significant coefficient of gender variable, men have more income than women on average and this discrimination is more obvious in rural areas.
Harmonic reduction technology at DC link in star-connected-autotransformer-based multi-pulse rectifier

In order to improve the harmonic reduction ability of the multi-pulse rectifier, this paper proposes a multi-pulse rectifier based on harmonic reduction technology at DC link. The proposed rectifier employs two diode bridges, each followed by a Boost converter. By controlling the inductor current of Boost converter, the input line current of the proposed rectifier can be approximated to sinusoidal waveform. A star-connected autotransformer is used to be phase-shift transformer and the winding of the autotransformer are interconnected, which can significantly decrease the equivalent kVA rating of the transformer and improve the power density. This paper also calculates the theoretical inductor current waveform of Boost converter when the input line current is sinusoidal, and presents the applicable current waveform. The effect of harmonic reduction method on the kVA rating of star-connected autotransformer is also analyzed. The simulated and experimental results indicate that the rectifier can restrain large harmonic contents in input current obviously and has the merits of high power density.
The Israeli defence industry: Past and future

During the course of the last thirty years, Israel has been increasing its scientific, technological and industrial infrastructure, to develop its defence capability. However, Zeev Bonen argues that this policy was flawed from the beginning by failing to take into account the critical influence of domestic and global economics. Bonen examines possible future trends from the perspective of global markets, technological developments, the regional dimension and specific Israeli factors. He concludes with the assertion that, to succeed in the global market, there will not only need to be collaboration but, in the long term, a thorough restructuring of the Industry to ensure its continued effectiveness in the defence of Israel.
Malignancies After Kidney Transplantation: Hong Kong Renal Registry

Manystudies have shown that kidney transplant recipients have a higher incidence of cancers when compared with general population. However, most data on the posttransplant malignancies (PTM) are derived from Western literature and large population‐based studies are rare. There is also lack of information about the posttransplant cancer‐specific mortality rate. We conducted a population‐based study of 4895 kidney transplants between 1972 and 2011, with data from the Hong Kong Renal Registry. Patterns of cancer incidence and mortality in our kidney transplant recipients were compared with those of the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) respectively. With 40 246 person‐years of follow‐up, 299 PTM was diagnosed. The SIR of all cancers was 2.94 (female 3.58 and male 2.58). Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), kidney, and bladder cancers had the highest SIRs. The overall SMR was 2.3 (female 3.4 and male 1.7) and the highest SMR was NHL. The patterns of PTM differ among countries. Increases in cancer incidence can now translate into similar increases in cancer mortality. NHL is important in our kidney transplant recipients. Strategies in cancer screening in selected patient groups are needed to improve transplant outcomes.
Shs1p: a novel member of septin that interacts with spa2p, involved in polarized growth in saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The Rho family small G proteins regulate various cell functions including cytokinesis. We have shown that Bni1p, a potential target of Rho1p, interacts with Spa2p and that Spa2p is required for the localization of Bni1p at the growth sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We isolated here a novel member of the septin family, implicated in cytokinesis, as a Spa2p-binding protein by the yeast two-hybrid method. We named this gene SHS1 (Seventh Homolog of Septin). The shs1 mutant cells showed cytokinesis deficiency and Shs1p was localized at the bud neck in budded cells. The Spa2p-Shs1p interactions may play an important role in cytokinesis.
Slow Growth, Trade Liberalisation and the Mexican Disease: A medium-term macroeconomic model with an application to Mexico

The purpose of this paper is to analyse Mexico's medium-term macroeconomic outlook, from the vantage point of the country's recent development. The analysis is carried out within a formal model for the determination of the rates of employment and inflation under conditions of external and internal balance. In equilibrium, the real wage and the rates of employment and inflation depend inter alia on the level of labour productivity, the ratio of foreign debt to domestic output, and the foreign trade regime. Econometric tests based on Mexican data support the model's basic postulates and, in addition, reveal the presence of structural change, linked to trade reform, in the trade balance and the manufactures' productivity growth equations. The macroeconomic implications of such parameter changes are discussed with the help of the analytical model developed.
Applications of Algebraic Soft-Decision Decoding of Reed–Solomon Codes

Efficient soft-decision decoding of Reed–Solomon codes is made possible by the Koetter–Vardy (KV) algorithm which consists of a front-end to the interpolation-based Guruswami–Sudan list decoding algorithm. This paper approaches the soft-decision KV algorithm from the point of view of a communications systems designer who wants to know what benefits the algorithm can give, and how the extra complexity introduced by soft decoding can be managed at the systems level. We show how to reduce the computational complexity and memory requirements of the soft-decision front-end. Applications to wireless communications over Rayleigh fading channels and magnetic recording channels are proposed. For a high-rate (RS 9225,239) Reed–Solomon code, 2–3 dB of soft-decision gain is possible over a Rayleigh fading channel using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation. For shorter codes and at lower rates, the gain can be as large as 9 dB. To lower the complexity of decoding on the systems level, the redecoding architecture is explored which uses only the appropriate amount of complexity to decode each packet. An error-detection criterion based on the properties of the KV decoder is proposed for the redecoding architecture. Queuing analysis verifies the practicality of the redecoding architecture by showing that only a modestly sized RAM buffer is required.
Econometric Regime Shifts and the US Subprime Bubble

Using aggregate quarterly data for the period 1975q1–2010q4, I find that the US housing market changed from a stable regime with prices determined by fundamentals, to a highly unstable regime at the beginning of the previous decade. My results indicate that these imbalances could have been detected with the aid of real time econometric modeling and that they were caused by the sharp rise in subprime lending in the early to mid 2000s. These results are based on the detection of huge parameter non-constancies and a loss of equilibrium correction in two theory derived cointegrating relationships shown to be very stable for earlier periods. Controlling for the increased subprime exposure during this period, enables me to reestablish the pre-break relationships also for the full sample. This suggests that the US housing bubble was caused by the increased borrowing to a more risky segment of the market, which may have allowed for a latent frenzy behavior that previously was constrained by the lack of financing. With reference to Stiglitz’s general conception of a bubble, I use the econometric results to construct two bubble indicators, which clearly demonstrate the transition to an unstable regime. Such indicators can be part of an early warning system and are shown to Granger cause a set of coincident indicators and financial (in)stability measures.
A comparison of the visual symptoms between ADD/ADHD and normal children.

BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are commonly diagnosed conditions that affect the lives of many individuals Diagnosis of ADD/ADHD is based primarily on observation, although more-objective tests are being developed. Ritalin is the most-popular treatment for ADD/ADHD. Literature indicates the ADD/ADHD patient may experience visual system dysfunctions. The purpose of this article is to document visual system symptoms that may coexist with treated ADD/ADHD. METHODS Forty-three subjects were separated into two groups, which were matched for age and gender The experimental group had previously been diagnosed as ADD/ADHD and was under pharmacological treatment. The control group was comprised of non-ADD/ADHD children. A modified College of Optometrists in Vision Development (COVD) Quality of Life Outcomes Assessment was given to the parents of each child, which the child and parent completed together. The results between the experimental and control group were then compared. RESULTS Results show that ADD/ADHD subjects report and/or experience more symptoms of visual system dysfunction than age-matched norms. Fourteen of the 33 symptoms were found to be significantly more severe in the ADD/ADHD group than in the control group. These symptoms were relatively evenly divided between four major symptom groups. CONCLUSIONS ADD/ADHD children, even with current medical treatment, exhibit more visual and quality of life symptoms than do a similar group of non-ADD/ADHD children.
Securing the Future of Urban Environmental Sustainability Initiatives in Australia

Australia has increasingly been dependent on the interest and capacity of community organisations across the country in order to accomplish environmental sustainability initiatives (e.g. urban nature protection). A comprehensive understanding of how these organisations thrive can be valuable not only for cities like Perth, where two-thirds of bushlands and wetlands have been lost in the past 150 years, but also for government strategies that seek to support these initiatives. This article draws on a systems perspective and utilises a mixed-methods approach to assess the organisational capacity–viability nexus. Findings suggest that inter-organisational ties facilitate a continuous positive feedback mechanism whereby organisations are able to acquire enough inputs and yield significant environmental outputs so that they can keep functioning until their missions are fulfilled. Based on the evidence the article discusses the potential ways to secure the future of urban environmental sustainability initiatives in Perth and beyond.
A high performance MIMO detection algorithm for DL MU-MIMO with practical errors in IEEE 802.11ac systems

In this paper, we propose a high performance multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) detection algorithm for downlink multiuser MIMO (DL MU-MIMO) with practical errors in IEEE 802.11ac systems. The DL MU-MIMO system using the precoding matrix, which is generated through imperfect channel state information caused by channel estimation error and channel feedback quantization error, has severe performance degradation since each station (STA) receives the desired signal for the STA as well as the interference signal for different STAs. Therefore, the proposed detection algorithm is developed by considering both the desired signal and the interference signal. Using the characteristics of the interference signal, the proposed detection algorithm is performed by additionally detecting several interference symbols. The proposed algorithm has better performance than the conventional algorithm considering only the desired signal. Simulation results show that the coded bit error rate performance of the proposed algorithm was improved in all modulation and coding scheme cases, compared to the conventional algorithm.
Financial crisis in Malaysia: did FDI flows contribute to vulnerability?

To date there has been greater awareness that the sudden interruption and reversal of capital flows can cause financial crisis. However for the most part it is thought that the volatility of capital flows applies predominantly to short-term flows and not longer-term capital flows such as FDI. The Malaysian experience of financial crisis challenges the conventional wisdom and has profound implications for other developing countries seeking to attract FDI flows as a source of long-term stable financing. Malaysia succumbed to crisis in spite of the fact that FDI flows accounted for the bulk of financial flows on average. This paper argues that FDI flows in Malaysia contributed to vulnerability to crisis by causing chronic current account deficits and was associated with a slowdown in export growth prior to the crisis. This suggests that when assessing a country's vulnerability to financial crisis, emphasis should not only be placed on the reversibility of flows but also on the macroeconomic impact of these flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Industrial Exports and Economic Development in Iran

This research seeks to determine the effect of human capital and physical and non-oil exports of industrial sector, the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the country during 1959 to 2007. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Industrial exports and economic growth in Iran. The theoretical framework was designed based on this assumption that the total GDP in the economy is divided into two sections, production for inside and production for export. The data were collected from 1959 to 2007 and was analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model. The result of the analyses shows that there is significant relationship between Industrial exports and economic growth. Together, the independent variables explained 93% of the variance in the dependent variables. In relation to that, it is concluded that explanatory power is high for the equation that shows that one percent change in Industrial exports rate lead to 44% in economic growth. Therefore, an Industrial export is regarded as an important factor in Iran's economic growth.
Risk management from a banking compliance officer's viewpoint

This paper provides an overview of some of the key drivers for the compliance officer's contribution to risk management in a complex group situation. The importance of ensuring the compliance officers's proximity to the business is emphasised against the backdrop of the need to manage competing interests and the impact of evolving regulations. The paper identifies major internal and external influences on the role of the compliance officer and argues that there is much synergy between the objectives of the compliance and risk management functions in a banking group.
One-year outcome of unexplained fatigue syndromes in primary care: results from an international study

Background. Outcome studies of chronic fatigue, neurasthenia and other unexplained fatigue syndromes are few and have been carried out in developed Western countries. This paper aimed to study the outcome of unexplained fatigue syndromes in an international primary care sample and to identify risk factors for persistence. Method. We used data from the WHO collaborative study of psychological problems in general health care, in which 3201 primary care attenders from 14 countries were followed-up for 12 months. The assessment included a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results. Unexplained fatigue persisted in one-fifth to one-third of the subjects depending on the definition of fatigue. From the factors studied only severity of fatigue and psychiatric morbidity at baseline were associated with persistence 12 months later. Outcome did not differ between countries of different stages of economic development. Conclusions. The prognosis of fatigue syndromes in international primary care is relatively good. The study underlines the importance of psychological factors in influencing short-term prognosis.