Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLAP: recording local executions to reproduce concurrency failures

We present CLAP, a new technique to reproduce concurrency bugs. CLAP has two key steps. First, it logs thread local execution paths at runtime. Second, offline, it computes memory dependencies that accord with the logged execution and are able to reproduce the observed bug. The second step works by combining constraints from the thread paths and constraints based on a memory model, and computing an execution with a constraint solver. CLAP has four major advantages. First, logging purely local execution of each thread is substantially cheaper than logging memory interactions, which enables CLAP to be efficient compared to previous approaches. Second, our logging does not require any synchronization and hence with no added memory barriers or fences; this minimizes perturbation and missed bugs due to extra synchronizations foreclosing certain racy behaviors. Third, since it uses no synchronization, we extend CLAP to work on a range of relaxed memory models, such as TSO and PSO, in addition to sequential consistency. Fourth, CLAP can compute a much simpler execution than the original one, that reveals the bug with minimal thread context switches. To mitigate the scalability issues, we also present an approach to parallelize constraint solving, which theoretically scales our technique to programs with arbitrary execution length. Experimental results on a variety of multithreaded benchmarks and real world concurrent applications validate these advantages by showing that our technique is effective in reproducing concurrency bugs even under relaxed memory models; furthermore, it is significantly more efficient than a state-of-the-art technique that records shared memory dependencies, reducing execution time overhead by 45% and log size by 88% on average.
Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team Role Towards Mapping in Indonesia

Abstract—This research aimed to describe the shape or the role of the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team in Indonesia. The main role of the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team is helping government agencies such as the BNPB, BPBDs, and others to be able to do digital mapping and able to make contingency planning as a scenario to cope with natural disasters. Then also to students with the aim of expanding the mapper community members who can help BPBDs in the vicinity. Noted there are 116 training ever conducted, with 2,777 participants involved, spread across 16 provinces in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive method, based on the literature that comes from the journal related to GIS and OSM, internal reports HOT, HOT and then also through the website. From this research, it was found that the areas that have been getting training from the HOT has successfully implemented the concept of digital mapping and manufacture of contingency planning, as well as more systematic in the handling of natural disasters Keyword— HOT, OSM, GIS, BNPB, BPBD
Question Answering System for QA4MRE@CLEF 2012

The article presents the experiments carried out as part of the participation in the main task of QA4MRE@CLEF 2012. In the developed system, we first combine the question and each answer option to form the Hypothesis (H). Stop words are removed from each H and query words are identified to retrieve the most relevant sentences from the associated document using Lucene. Relevant sentences are retrieved from the associated document based on the TF-IDF of the matching query words along with n-gram overlap of the sentence with the H. Each retrieved sentence defines the Text T. Each T-H pair is assigned a ranking score that works on textual entailment principle. A validate weight is automatically assigned to each answer options based on their ranking. A parallel procedure also generates the possible answer patterns from given questions and answer options. Each sentence in the associated document is assigned an inference score with respect to each answer pattern. Evaluated inference score for each answer option is multiplied by the validate weight based on their ranking. The answer option that receives the highest selection score is identified as the most relevant option and selected as the answer to the given question.
Breastfeeding--managing 'supply' difficulties.

BACKGROUND Many breastfeeding women have concerns about their milk supply; 'not enough milk' is the most common reason women give for stopping breastfeeding, however their concern is often unwarranted. OBJECTIVE The article describes the process of history taking and examination of mother and infant to determine if the mother's milk supply is adequate, the causes of insufficient milk supply, and possible investigations and management. DISCUSSION Insufficient milk supply may be secondary to maternal conditions such as postpartum haemorrhage or breast reduction surgery, or infant factors such as tongue-tie or ill health. In many cases, milk supply can be increased by frequent, regular milk removal. Medication to increase milk supply (galactogogues) such as domperidone, may also play a role. General practitioners can provide reassurance if milk supply is adequate, or can assist in resolving the problem if milk supply is low.
Concept abduction for semantic matchmaking in distributed and modular ontologies

Recently, attempts have been done to formalize Semantic Matchmaking, the process of finding potential matches between demands and supplies based on their logical relations with reference to a common ontology, in Description Logics (DLs). We extend the formalization to Packages-based Description Logics (P-DLs), modular extensions of DLs, in order to perform the matchmaking operation in contexts where descriptions of demands and supplies are specified in different terminologies.
Anisotropy in Coastal Ocean Relative Dispersion Observations

Horizontal relative dispersion is investigated with Lagrangian drifter and dye tracer observations on relatively small scales (~100 to 850 m) in coastal waters. Anisotropy is quantified with an aspect ratio of the spreading in two orthogonal directions. Individual observations generally appear highly anisotropic. However, the ensemble mean computed in a coordinate system aligned with bathymetry indicates only weak anisotropy due to averaging highly anisotropic observations over a wide range of principal‐axis directions. The strong anisotropy is preserved when the mean is computed in a principle‐axis coordinate system. In fact, the ensemble mean in principle‐axis coordinates gives antidispersion or convergence in the minor‐axis direction. This result suggests gradients in buoyant materials such as spilled oil and other contaminants are not necessarily smoothed as the standard eddy‐diffusivity parameter suggests. Flow kinematics computed with clusters of four drifters indicate that approximately 72% of energy in the observed dispersing flows can be attributed to organized submesoscale structures.
Ribosome-messenger recognition: mRNA target sites for ribosomal protein S1

Ribosomal protein S1 is known to play an important role in translational initiation, being directly involved in recognition and binding of mRNAs by 30S ribosomal particles. Using a specially developed procedure based on efficient crosslinking of S1 to mRNA induced by UV irradiation, we have identified S1 binding sites on several phage RNAs in preinitiation complexes. Targets for S1 on Q beta and fr RNAs are localized upstream from the coat protein gene and contain oligo(U)-sequences. In the case of Q beta RNA, this S1 binding site overlaps the S-site for Q beta replicase and the site for S1 binding within a binary complex. It is reasonable that similar U-rich sequences represent S1 binding sites on bacterial mRNAs. To test this idea we have used E. coli ssb mRNA prepared in vitro with the T7 promoter/RNA polymerase system. By the methods of toeprinting, enzymatic footprinting, and UV crosslinking we have shown that binding of the ssb mRNA to 30S ribosomes is S1-dependent. The oligo(U)-sequence preceding the SD domain was found to be the target for S1. We propose that S1 binding sites, represented by pyrimidine-rich sequences upstream from the SD region, serve as determinants involved in recognition of mRNA by the ribosome.
Hepatitis C virus glycoprotein folding: disulfide bond formation and association with calnexin

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) glycoproteins (E1 and E2) are released from the polyprotein by signal peptidase-mediated cleavage and interact to form a heterodimer. Since properly folded subunits are usually required for specific recognition and stable oligomer formation, the rate of stable E1E2 complex formation, which is low, may be limited by the rate of HCV E1 and/or E2 folding. In this study, the folding of the HCV E1 and E2 glycoproteins was monitored by observing the kinetics of intramolecular disulfide bond formation. The association/dissociation of E1 and E2 with calnexin was also examined, since this molecular chaperone appears to play a major role in quality control via retention of incompletely folded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results indicate that the disulfide-dependent folding of E2 occurs rapidly and appears to be complete upon cleavage of the precursor E2-NS2. In contrast, folding of E1 is slow (> 1 h), suggesting that this step may be rate limiting for E1E2 oligomerization. Both HCV glycoproteins associated rapidly with calnexin, but dissociation was slow, consistent with the slow folding and assembly of E1E2 glycoprotein complexes. These results suggest a role for prolonged association with calnexin in the folding and assembly of HCV glycoprotein heterodimer complexes.
Use of a PCR method based on IS6110 polymorphism for typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from BACTEC cultures

Two PCR typing methods, based on polymorphism of the insertion sequence IS6110, were compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by using a single primer complementary to the inverted repeats of IS6110. Total M. tuberculosis DNA either was amplified directly (IS6110-PCR) or was amplified following digestion and ligation (IS6110-inverse-PCR). Both PCR techniques showed a similar degree of discrimination. Because of its simplicity, IS6110-PCR was chosen to confirm that a single M. tuberculosis strain was responsible for an outbreak of tuberculosis in a secondary school. IS6110-PCR was used to study the degree of differentiation in 85 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates from BACTEC 12B broth cultures. Results were consistent with those of the standardized IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis method, showing identical PCR types for identical RFLPs, although the degree of discrimination was greater by RFLP analysis. The study concludes that due to its simplicity, IS6110-PCR is a good screening method when quick differentiation between M. tuberculosis strains is needed because BACTEC cultures may be used directly.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 106

Meteoritical Bulletin 106 contains 1868 meteorites including 10 falls (Aiquile, Broek in Waterland, Degtevo, Dingle Dell, Dishchii'bikoh, Hradec Králové, Kheneg Ljouâd, Oudiyat Sbaa, Serra Pelada, Tres Irmaos), with 1386 ordinary chondrites, 166 carbonaceous chondrites, 119 HED achondrites, 48 Lunar meteorites, 37 iron meteorites, 36 ureilites, 19 Martian meteorites, 13 enstatite chondrites, 12 Rumuruti chondrites, 9 primitive achondrites, 8 mesosiderites, 5 enstatite achondrites, 4 ungrouped achondrites, 4 pallasites, and 1 relict meteorite. A total of 958 meteorites are from Africa, 405 from Antarctica, 245 from Asia, 228 from South America, 12 from North America, 8 from Europe, 5 from Mars, 4 from Oceania, and 1 from an unknown location.
Residential Location, Work Location, and Labor Market Outcomes of Immigrants in Israel

We develop and estimate a comprehensive dynamic programming (DP) model for the joint decisions of residential location, employment location, occupational choices, and labor market outcomes. We use data on immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU). We provide an extensive empirical evaluation of policies that have been designed to affect the residential and employment location decisions of the migrant population. The results shed new, and important, light on several issues regarding this group of immigrants. We find large regional differences in wages for the white‐collar workers, but only little differences for the blue‐collar workers. A careful examination of a number of policy measures indicate that a direct subsidy, in the form of a lump‐sum transfer, is most effective in achieving the government stated goal of inducing people to reside in the northern region of the Galilee and southern region of the Negev. Other policies, such as rental and wage subsidies, can also be quite effective, but these are more difficult to administer.
Top-down-based symmetrical buffered clock routing

It is important for a synchronous design to minimize the clock skew in a clock tree. In this paper, based on the length-matching benefit in exact routing, an efficient four-stage algorithm is further proposed to generate a symmetrical buffered clock tree with smaller clock skew under a given slew-rate constraint. For symmetrical buffered clock routing, compared with Shih's approach, the experimental results show that our proposed approach can use extra 2.54% of total resource to reduce 85.78% of clock skew in a symmetrical buffered clock tree with satisfying the slew-rate constraint for tested benchmarks in less CPU time on the average.
Characterization of Albendazole-Randomly Methylated-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Antihelmitic Activity in a Murine Model of Trichinellosis

Albendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate extensively used in oral chemotherapy against intestinal parasites, due to its broad spectrum activity, good tolerance and low cost. However, the drug has the disadvantage of poor bioavailability due to its very low solubility in water; as a consequence, a very active area of research focuses on the development of new pharmaceutical formulations to increase its solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability. The primary objective of this study was to prepare randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes to increase albendazole dissolution rate, in order to enhance its antiparasitic activity. This formulation therapeutic efficacy was contrasted with that of the pure drug by treating Trichinella spiralis infected mice during the intestinal phase of the parasite cycle, on days five and six post-infection. This protocol significantly decreased muscle larval burden measured in the parenteral stage on day 30 post-infection, when compared with the untreated control. Thus, it could be demonstrated that the inclusion complexes improve the in vivo therapeutic activity of albendazole.
On event triggered trajectory tracking for control affine nonlinear systems

In this paper we study an event based control algorithm for trajectory tracking in control affine nonlinear systems. The desired trajectory is modelled as the solution of a reference system with an exogenous input. It is assumed that the desired trajectory and the exogenous input to the reference system are uniformly bounded. Given a continuous-time controller that guarantees global uniform asymptotic tracking of the desired trajectory our algorithm provides an event based controller that not only guarantees semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of the tracking error, but also ensures non-accumulation of inter-execution times. In the special case that the derivative of the exogenous input to the reference system is also uniformly bounded, the proposed control algorithm can be used to design an ultimate bound that is arbitrarily small. The main ideas in the paper are illustrated through simulations of trajectory tracking by a nonlinear system.
A Web-based Alternative Non-animal Method Database for Safety Cosmetic Evaluations

Animal testing was used traditionally in the cosmetics industry to confirm product safety, but has begun to be banned; alternative methods to replace animal experiments are either in development, or are being validated, worldwide. Research data related to test substances are critical for developing novel alternative tests. Moreover, safety information on cosmetic materials has neither been collected in a database nor shared among researchers. Therefore, it is imperative to build and share a database of safety information on toxicological mechanisms and pathways collected through in vivo , in vitro , and in silico methods. We developed the CAMSEC database (named after the research team; the Consortium of Alternative Methods for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics) to fulfill this purpose. On the same website, our aim is to provide updates on current alternative research methods in Korea. The database will not be used directly to conduct safety evaluations, but researchers or regulatory individuals can use it to facilitate their work in formulating safety evaluations for cosmetic materials. We hope this database will help establish new alternative research methods to conduct efficient safety evaluations of cosmetic materials.
Arginine-auxotrophic phenotype resulting from a mutation in the pryA gene of Escherichia coli B-r

In enteric bacteria, carbamyl phosphate synthesis is catalyzed by a single enzyme (glutaminedependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase; 1) which is coded for by the gene pyrA. Mutant forms of pyrA that produce enzymatically inactive or no protein result in a double requirement for arginine and pyrimidine (5). Carbamyl phosphate synthetase from Escherichia coli has been reported to be sensitive to feedback inhibition by uridine-5'-phosphate (UMP), and ornithine has been reported to antagonize this inhibition (6). However, our results with 320-fold purified enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium strain LT-2 have established that ornithine activates the enzyme through the reduction of the apparent Km for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (in preparation). Results with dialyzed crude extracts of E. coli B/r (Table 1) suggest that here, too, ornithine is a direct activator. The intracellular concentration of the activator ornithine is set both by arginine through feedback inhibition of glutamate acetylase and by the availability of carbamyl phosphate (Fig. 1). Two other phenotypes have been shown to result from mutations in the pyrA gene. Mutant strains (urs) which produce carbamyl phosphate synthetase that is insensitive to ornithine and hypersensitive to UMP grow in minimal medium and in minimal media plus arginine or plus arginine and uracil, but are unable to grow in minimal medium plus uracil (5). Eisenstark described a third phenotype resulting from mutation in pyrA in S. typhimurium (3). The strain grows in minimal medium and fails to grow in minimal medium plus arginine. This mutation (ars) results in the production of a carbamyl phosphate synthetase which has altered regulatory properties (unpublished results). In this paper, we report a fourth phenotype resulting from mutation in pyrA, namely, the single requirement of arginine for growth (Table 2).
Unified Analysis of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Over Composite and Generalized Fading Channels

In this paper, we investigate the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) with multiple-antenna nodes over generalized and composite fading channels. To this end, we approximate the probability density function (pdf) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of various fading channels using the mixture Gamma (MG) distribution. Based on this, we derive an exact closed-form expression and a generic infinite series representation for the corresponding probability of energy detection, along with a finite upper bound for the involved truncation error. Both expressions have a relatively simple algebraic form that gives them convenience in handling both analytically and numerically. Furthermore, the composite effect of multipath fading and shadowing scenarios in CSS is mitigated by applying an optimal fusion rule that minimizes the total error rate (TER), where the optimal number of nodes is derived under the Bayesian criterion, assuming erroneous feedback channels. We also extend the derived average detection probability to include diversity reception techniques, namely, maximal-ratio combining, square-law combining, and square-law selection (SLS). For the SLS, we demonstrate the existence of an error rate floor as the number of antennas of the cognitive radio nodes increases in erroneous decision feedback channels. Accordingly, we derive the optimal rule for the number of antennas that minimizes the TER in the SLS framework. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to corroborate the analytical results and to provide illustrative performance comparisons and insights between different composite fading channels.
Aberrant splicing of the DMP1‐ARF‐MDM2‐p53 pathway in cancer

Alternative splicing (AS) of mRNA precursors is a ubiquitous mechanism for generating numerous transcripts with different activities from one genomic locus in mammalian cells. The gene products from a single locus can thus have similar, dominant‐negative or even opposing functions. Aberrant AS has been found in cancer to express proteins that promote cell growth, local invasion and metastasis. This review will focus on the aberrant splicing of tumor suppressor/oncogenes that belong to the DMP1‐ARF‐MDM2‐p53 pathway. Our recent study shows that the DMP1 locus generates both tumor‐suppressive DMP1α (p53‐dependent) and oncogenic DMP1β (p53‐independent) splice variants, and the DMP1β/α ratio increases with neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells. This process is associated with high DMP1β protein expression and shorter survival of breast cancer (BC) patients. Accumulating pieces of evidence show that ARF is frequently inactivated by aberrant splicing in human cancers, demonstrating its involvement in human malignancies. Splice variants from the MDM2 locus promote cell growth in culture and accelerate tumorigenesis in vivo. Human cancers expressing these splice variants are associated with advanced stage/metastasis, and thus have negative clinical impacts. Although they lack most of the p53‐binding domain, their activities are mostly dependent on p53 since they bind to wild‐type MDM2. The p53 locus produces splice isoforms that have either favorable (β/γ at the C‐terminus) or negative impact (Δ40, Δ133 at the N‐terminus) on patients' survival. As the oncogenic AS products from these loci are expressed only in cancer cells, they may eventually become targets for molecular therapies.