Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Oil Prices Have an Effects on Food Prices Fresh Evidences from Türkiye

Purpose –The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between oil prices and food prices for January 2003-September 2022 in Türkiye. Design/methodology/approach–Variable associations were examined using the RALS cointegration test. The RALS-ADL cointegration test uses information in non-dispersed errors. Thus, it produces more powerful predictions for non-normal distributions compared to cointegration tests. In addition,this test avoids widespread practices such as predetermining a particular functional form.Findings –The results show that the series have a cointegration connection. The DOLS, FMOLS, and Canonic cointegration approaches produced long-term coefficients in agreement with the discovery of a long-term association. Although the results of the applied tests were comparable, the results of the FMOLS and Canonik tests are substantially more comparable. Given that FMOLS technique is more effective than others and produces outcomes comparable to those of Canonik approach, its results have been interpreted in this situation. As a result, while having a positive sign, the exchange rate variable is not statistically significant. In terms of food prices, oil prices have a negative explanatory power. The CPI variable has a considerable impacts on both the present and future pricing of food. Our findings demonstrate that the price of oil does not always correlate with the price of food, and vice versa.Discussion –There are certain recommendations that can be made to researchers and policymakers based on the findings. Supporting contract farming, which has recently been mentioned, will improve food sufficiency and the balance of food stocks, particularly during times of crisis. On the demand side, the preference for locally produced foods can reduce the over-reliance on food imports, which frequently worsens the country's status with regard to food prices and may lower the dryness. From this vantage point, future research can contrast oil-exporting nations and oil-importing countries in terms of the food price-oil price connection, whereas the current study focuses on the relationships between oil prices and food prices in Türkiye.
Deviations From the Random Plane Wave Field Distribution in Electromagnetic Enclosures

Wave energy distribution within enclosures with irregular boundaries is a common phenomenon in many branches of electromagnetics. If the wavelength of the injected wave is small compared with the structure size, the scattering properties of the enclosure will be extremely sensitive to small changes in geometry or wave frequency. In this case, statistical models are sought. The random coupling model (RCM) is one such model that has been explored through experiments and theory. Previous studies were conducted by injecting waves into high Q cavities in a nearly omnidirectional manner. In this article, a directed beam approach is taken, and relatively low Q cavities are considered. The goal is to determine when the so-called “random plane wave hypothesis,” a fundamental basis of the RCM formulation, breaks down. Results show that injecting such directed beams leads to large deviations in the wave statistics for single realizations of the enclosure geometry. The expected statistics are restored to some degree when multiple realizations are considered.
Perioperative Management of a Patient with Hemophilia C and Allergy to Fresh Frozen Plasma

Hemophilia C is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor XI (fXI) and has no standard of care for preoperative optimization before cardiac surgery. Normalization of fXI levels in patients with hemophilia C can be achieved with fresh frozen plasma (FFP), which sometimes results in allergic reactions. We present a case of a patient with hemophilia C requiring coronary artery bypass grafting surgery who developed an allergic reaction to FFP. Our report underscores the balance between thrombosis and bleeding risks when devising a perioperative plan for patients with hemophilia C.
Rotation Invariant Local Frequency Descriptors for Texture Analysis

This paper presents a novel, simple, yet powerful texture analysis method inspired by the well-known Local Binary Patterns (LBP ) method called the Local Frequency Descriptors (LFD). Like LBP , the proposed method is invariant to rotation and linear changes of illumination; however,it does not suffer from the limitations of LBP such as exponential growth of features with an increment in the number of neighbors. The experimental results on the Outex and CUReT datasets show that the proposed LFD method outperforms state-of-the-art texture analysis methods. In addition, LFD is very robust to noise and can improve LBP results up to 50% in extremely noisy conditions. In this paper, we discuss different aspects of the LFD and explain how it addresses the main limitations of LBP and of its variants.
Study of formal triangular matrix rings

In this paper we carry out a systematic study of various ring theoretic properties of formal triangular matrix rings. Some definitive results are obtained on these rings concerning properties such as being respectively left Kasch, right mininjective, clean, potent, right PF or a ring of stable rank ≤ n. The concepts of a strong left Kasch ring, a strong right mininjective ring are introduced and it is determined when the triangular matrix rings are respectively strong left Kasch or strong right mininjective. It is also proved that being strong left Kasch or strong right mininjective are Morita invariant properties.
A method for solving contact problems

In this paper a further method is presented to solve problems involving contact mechanics. The basic idea is related to a special modification of the unconstrained functional to include inequality constraints. The modification is constructed in such a way that minimal point of the unconstrained potential can be exactly shifted to the constraint limit. Moreover, the functional remains smooth and the admissible range of the solution is not restricted. The solution search process with iterative techniques takes advantage from these features. In fact, due to a better control of gap status changes, a more stable solution path with respect to other methods is usually obtained. The characteristics of the method are evidenced and compared to other classical techniques, like penalty and barrier methods. The finite element discretization of the proposed method is included and some numerical applications are shown. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Nano-Crystalline Diamond in Tribology

Nano-crystalline diamond has been extensively researched and applied in the fields of tribology, optics, quantum information and biomedicine. In virtue of its hardness, the highest in natural materials, diamond outperforms the other materials in terms of wear resistance. Compared to traditional single-crystalline and poly-crystalline diamonds, nano-crystalline diamond consists of disordered grains and thus possesses good toughness and self-sharpening. These merits render nano-crystalline diamonds to have great potential in tribology. Moreover, the re-nucleation of nano-crystalline diamond during preparation is beneficial to decreasing surface roughness due to its ultrafine grain size. Nano-crystalline diamond coatings can have a friction coefficient as low as single-crystal diamonds. This article briefly introduces the approaches to preparing nano-crystalline diamond materials and summarizes their applications in the field of tribology. Firstly, nano-crystalline diamond powders can be used as additives in both oil- and water-based lubricants to significantly enhance their anti-wear property. Nano-crystalline diamond coatings can also act as self-lubricating films when they are deposited on different substrates, exhibiting excellent performance in friction reduction and wear resistance. In addition, the research works related to the tribological applications of nano-crystalline diamond composites have also been reviewed in this paper.
Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Method for Disassembly Sequential Task Optimization Based on Human-Robot Collaborative Disassembly in Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling

With the wide application of new electric vehicle (EV) battery in various industrial fields, it is important to establish a systematic intelligent battery recycling system that can be used to find out the resource wastes and environmental impacts for the retired EV battery. By combining the disassembly and echelon utilization of EV battery recycling in the re-manufacturing fields, human-robot collaboration (HRC) disassembly method can be used to solve many huge challenges about the efficiency and safety of retired EV battery recycling. In order to find out the common problems in the human-robot collaboration disassembly process of EV battery recycling, a dynamic disassembly process optimization method based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, it is necessary to disassemble the EV battery disassembly task trajectory based on human-robot collaboration disassembly task in 2D planar, which can be used to acquire the optimal disassembly paths in the same disassembly planar combining the Q-learning algorithm. The disassembly task sequence can be completed through standard trajectory matching. Finally the feasibility of the method is verified by disassembly operations for a specific battery module case.
Unbiased Quantitative Single-Cell Morphometric Analysis to Identify Microglia Reactivity in Developmental Brain Injury

Microglia morphological studies have been limited to the process of reviewing the most common characteristics of a group of cells to conclude the likelihood of a “pathological” milieu. We have developed an Imaris-software-based analytical pipeline to address selection and operator biases, enabling use of highly reproducible machine-learning algorithms to quantify at single-cell resolution differences between groups. We hypothesized that this analytical pipeline improved our ability to detect subtle yet important differences between groups. Thus, we studied the temporal changes in Iba1+ microglia-like cell (MCL) populations in the CA1 between P10–P11 and P18–P19 in response to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) at E12.5 in mice, chorioamnionitis (chorio) at E18 in rats and neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) at P10 in mice. Sholl and convex hull analyses differentiate stages of maturation of Iba1+ MLCs. At P10–P11, IUGR or HI MLCs were more prominently ‘ameboid’, while chorio MLCs were hyper-ramified compared to sham. At P18–P19, HI MLCs remained persistently ‘ameboid’ to ‘transitional’. Thus, we conclude that this unbiased analytical pipeline, which can be adjusted to other brain cells (i.e., astrocytes), improves sensitivity to detect previously elusive morphological changes known to promote specific inflammatory milieu and lead to worse outcomes and therapeutic responses.
Radiative Heating of the Global Atmosphere: Corrigendum

Presented in Figs. 1 to 4 and Figs. 5 to 8 are the revised seasonal profiles of net thermal and total radiative heating. Thermal cooling predominates in the troposphere and is generally larger than previously calculated, especially in high latitudes. In low latitudes near the surface, the cooling is smaller because of the increased absorption of the downward thermal fluxes emitted by the cloud bases. When the new computations are used to compute the generation of available potential energy, the combined effect of these two changes should act to increase the generation. Total radiative heating is slightly less in the lower stratosphere due to the changes in the solar O/sub 2/ calculations.
Antiproliferative Mechanisms of a Polyphenolic Combination of Kaempferol and Fisetin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Herein, we investigate the combinatorial therapeutic effects of naturally occurring flavonoids kaempferol (K) and fisetin (F) on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC: MDA-MB-231 cell line). Dose-dependent MTT assay results show that K and F exhibited cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells at 62 and 75 μM (IC50), respectively, after 24 h. However, combined K + F led to 40% and more than 50% TNBC cell death observed at 10 and 20 μM, respectively, which revealed the synergistic association of both. The combination of K and F was determined to be more effective in inhibiting cell viability than either of the agents alone. The morphological changes associated with significant apoptotic cell death were observed under a fluorescent microscope, strongly supporting the synergistic association between K and F. We also proposed that combining the effects of both polyphenols, as opposed to their individual effects, would increase their in vitro efficacy. Furthermore, we assessed the cell death pathway by the combinational treatment via reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage and the mitochondrially mediated apoptotic pathway. This study reveals the prominent synergistic role of phytochemicals, which helps in elevating the therapeutic efficacy of dietary nutrients and that anticancer effects may be a result of nutrients that act in concert.
The Use of Randomisation in Educational Research and Evaluation: A Critical Analysis of Underlying Assumptions

Abstract This article considers the underlying assumptions related to the use of random assignment in educational research and evaluation; more specifically, the ability of random assignment to create similar comparison groups for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of educational programmes. In theory, randomly assigning individuals to comparison groups is considered to be the best method available for creating similar groups; however, in educational research designed to identify proven best practices, random assignment of individuals is rarely possible; other methods including random assignment of intact units and nonrandom selection techniques are often used. Using a database simulation, this study explored the degree to which various methods might be effective at creating comparable groups. Given the complex dynamics of the teaching and learning process and the abundance of potentially confounding variables, it seems likely that comparison groups will always be dissimilar to some degree. While random assignment of individuals performed as expected when controlling for a single extraneous factor, the likelihood that comparison groups created in this manner will differ is extremely likely when multiple confounding variable are present. Based on the results of this study, random assignment of intact units is not an acceptable alternative to random assignment of individuals.
A transverse electron target for heavy ion storage rings

Electron-ion interaction processes are of fundamental interest for several research fields like atomic and astrophysics as well as plasma applications. To address this topic, a transverse electron target based on the crossed beam technique was designed and constructed for the application in storage rings. Using a sheet beam of free electrons in crossed beam geometry promises a good energy resolution and gives access to the interaction region for spectroscopy. The produced electron beam has a length of 10 cm in ion beam direction and a width in the transverse plane of 5 mm. Therewith, electron densities of up to 109 electrons/cm3 are reachable in the interaction region. The target allows the adjustment of the electron beam current and energy in the region of several 10 eV to a few keV. Simulations have been performed regarding the energy resolution for electron-ion collisions and its influence on spectroscopic measurements. Also, the effect on ion-beam optics due to the space charge of the electron beam wa.
Shadow generation from stereo images

A novel approach to generating object shadows using two dimensional (2D) information is presented. Existing approaches to shadow generation are generally based on 3D geometry. The proposed method is based on deriving accurate shadows of a 3D object using only stereo images of the object taken from two different viewpoints. The approach can be extended easily to solve more general problems which involve multiple objects as well as multiple planar surfaces on which object shadows are to be cast.
Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Platform for the Immobilization of Amino-Cyclodextrins

In the present work, we reported on a method to combine amino β-cyclodextrins (CD1) with reduced graphene oxide (obtained by the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide, erGO) to produce a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with both CD1 and erGO (CD1-erGO/GCE). This procedure avoids the use of organic solvents such as hydrazine or long reaction times and high temperatures. The material combining both CD1 and erGO (CD1-erGO/GCE) was characterized by SEM, ATR-FTIR, Raman, XPS, and electrochemical techniques. As proof-of-concept, the determination of the pesticide carbendazim was carried out. The spectroscopic measurements, especially XPS, proved that CD1 was covalently attached to the surface of the erGO/GCE electrode. The attachment of cyclodextrin at the reduced graphene oxide produced an increase in the electrochemical behavior of the electrode. The cyclodextrin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide, CD1-erGO/GCE, showed a larger sensitivity (1.01 μA/μM) and a lower limit of detection for carbendazim (LOD = 0.50 μM) compared with the non-functionalized material, erGO/GCE, (sensitivity = 0.63 μA/μM and LOD = 4.32 μM, respectively). Overall, the results of the present work show that this simple method is suitable to attach cyclodextrins to graphene oxide, maintaining their inclusion abilities.
Data-driven Background Estimation for the One-lepton SUSY Search Mode in ATLAS.

In this thesis a search strategy for Supersymmetry within ∫ L dt = 1 fb−1 of ATLAS data is described. The focus is on inclusive signatures with multiple high-pT jets, missing transverse energy and one isolated lepton in the final states. The discovery potential is evaluated for several benchmark points in minimal Supergravity parameter space using Monte-Carlo simulations with next-to-leading order cross-section corrections. Further, extensive studies of data-driven methods for the estimation of the Standard Model backgrounds in this particular search channel are carried out. The performance of a two-dimensional sidebandbased approach is evaluated and found to be dominated by systematic effects. A new, analytical datadriven background estimation technique (’4-tiles’-method) is introduced and tested extensively using toy Monte-Carlo simulations. Stable and accurate results are obtained. The discovery potential for all studied benchmark points using this method is re-evaluated, including a full treatment of systematic uncertainties. Zusammenfassung Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine mögliche Strategie für die Suche nach Supersymmetrie mit dem ATLAS Experiment, wie sie mit einem Datenvolumen von ∫ L dt = 1 fb−1 durchgeführt werden könnte. Den Schwerpunkt bilden inklusive Signaturen mit mehreren hochenergetischen Jets, fehlender transversaler Energie, und einem isoliert rekonstruierten Lepton in den Endzuständen. Das Entdeckungspotential für mehrere charakteristische Modelle im Parameterraum der minimalen Supergravitation (mSUGRA) wird mit Hilfe von Monte-Carlo Simulationen, deren Wirkungsquerschnitte zu nächstführernder Ordnung korrigiert sind, bestimmt. Des Weiteren werden umfangreiche Studien zur Daten-basierten Abschätzung des Untergrundes von Standard-Modell Prozessen in diesem speziellen Suchkanal durchgeführt. Die Untersuchung eines Verfahrens, das auf der Extrapolation von zweidimensionalen Seitenbändern der Datenverteilungen beruht, ergibt zunächst eine starke Dominanz von systematischen Effekten. Ein neuer, analytischer Ansatz (’4-tiles’-Methode) wird daraufhin vorgestellt und umfangreichen Tests mit vereinfachten ’toy’ MonteCarlo Simulationen unterzogen. Die Methode zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Stabilität und Genauigkeit der Abschätzungen aus. Das Entdeckungspotential für alle untersuchten mSUGRA Modelle wird unter Benutzung dieser Methode und unter Berücksichtigung möglicher systematischer Fehlerquellen erneut bestimmt.
Calculated covariance matrices for fission product yields using BeoH

Fission product yields (FPY) are important for a variety of applications (reactor neutronics, spent fuel, dosimetry, radiochemistry, etc.) and are currently included in many of the evaluated libraries around the world. The FPYs in the current US evaluation, ENDF/B-VIII.0, are mainly based on the 1994 evaluation of England and Rider and have only had slight updates—such as the inclusion of a 2 MeV point for 239Pu—since their development. Additionally, only mean values and uncertainties are included in the evaluation, not full correlations. Los Alamos National Laboratory, in collaboration with several other institutes, has been working on an updated evaluation for the FPYs of 239Pu(n,f), 235U(n,f), 238U(n,f), and 252Cf(sf) using the deterministic, Hauser-Feshbach, fission fragment decay code, BeoH. BeoH calculates the FPYs consistently with many other prompt and delayed fission observables, explicitly taking into account multi-chance fission and ensuring consistency between observables. In addition to providing updated means and uncertainties for the FPYs on a pointwise energy grid from thermal to 20 MeV, we calculate correlations between all FPYs at each incident energy and across incident energies. Here, we discuss the development of these covariance matrices, differences in the correlations between FPYs based on the parameters that are included in the model optimization, and correlations across incident energies for neutron-induced fission.
Optimization routine for identification of model parameters in soil plasticity

The paper presents an optimization routine especially developed for the identification of model parameters in soil plasticity on the basis of different soil tests. Main focus is put on the mathematical aspects and the experience from application of this optimization routine. Mathematically, for the optimization, an objective function and a search strategy are needed. Some alternative expressions for the objective function are formulated. They capture the overall soil behaviour and can be used in a simultaneous optimization against several laboratory tests. Two different search strategies, Rosenbrock's method and the Simplex method, both belonging to the category of direct search methods, are utilized in the routine. Direct search methods have generally proved to be reliable and their relative simplicity make them quite easy to program into workable codes. The Rosenbrock and simplex methods are modified to make the search strategies as efficient and user‐friendly as possible for the type of optimization problem addressed here. Since these search strategies are of a heuristic nature, which makes it difficult (or even impossible) to analyse their performance in a theoretical way, representative optimization examples against both simulated experimental results as well as performed triaxial tests are presented to show the efficiency of the optimization routine. From these examples, it has been concluded that the optimization routine is able to locate a minimum with a good accuracy, fast enough to be a very useful tool for identification of model parameters in soil plasticity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.