Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context-aware service protocol. An extensible and configurable framework for user context awareness services in pervasive computing systems

A pervasive computing system has to be context-aware because it cannot distract users. However, user's context information can be quite rich and unpredictable. Therefore, how to design an extensible protocol to achieve these requirements and implement a context-aware Internet service is very important. In this paper, we propose a SIP-compatible protocol for context-aware services, and this protocol is easy to understand, implement, and deploy. We also demonstrate some scenarios about this protocol to show transactions between client and server as well as behaviors of proxy/redirect servers. Finally, our projects implemented by this protocol are introduced. This study also provides a further insight on the issues of context-aware concept in pervasive computing, and demonstrates a referable methodology to propose and implement a context-aware framework in pervasive computing, which can promote the technology of future Internet.
Approaches to the Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure (2R,2'R)-(+)-threo-Methylphenidate Hydrochloride

Various approaches to the preparation of enantiomerically pure (2R,2'R)-(+)-threo-methyl- phenidate hydrochloride (1) are reviewed. These approaches include synthesis using enantiomeri- cally pure precursors obtained by resolution, classi- cal and enzyme-based resolution approaches, enan- tioselective synthesis approaches, and approaches based on enantioselective synthesis of (2S,2'R)-ery- thro-methylphenidate followed by epimerization at the 2-position. 1 Introduction 2 Methods for the Enhancement of Enantiomeric Purity of 1 3 Approaches Using Enantiomerically Pure Pre- cursors Obtained by Resolution
Simulated Electromagnetic Field Profile Inside and Outside XLPE Power Cable due to Partial Discharge

The electromagnetic field profile due to partial discharge is simulated. The x, y and z components of the electric and magnetic fields are calculated at the azimuthal plane of the single core xlpe cable, at the near field and far field regions inside and outside the cable. The results from the simulation give indication that the propagation mode of partial discharge signal at near field is hybrid transverse electric & transverse magnetic mode. The propagation mode at the far field region inside the power cable is transverse electric magnetic; and the propagation mode of the partial discharge outside the cable is quasi transverse electric magnetic.
The Art and Science of Observation: Reflective Functioning and Therapeutic Action

This article aims to illustrate the central underpinning role that observation has had in the development of attachment theory and research, and in clinical work informed by attachment theory. Also, the paper aims to highlight reflective functioning in clinical practice and how it can be shown to ignite positive change processes, with illustrations provided from our ongoing trauma-informed clinical work with our Group Attachment Based Intervention or GABI in our work with vulnerable parents and their infants and toddlers. In pointing to how reflective functioning informs clinical practice in GABI, the paper aims to highlight what is proposed as fundamental to therapeutic action with infants, toddlers, children, adolescents, adults/parents and that is a strikingly new relationship with a benign, supportive other, who helps one practice novel ways of thinking, feeling and acting that may later become habitual across contexts.
Composite transistor Cell using Dynamic Body Bias for High gain and Low-voltage Applications

In this work, a new composite transistor cell using dynamic body bias technique is proposed. This cell is based on self cascode topology. The key attractive feature of the proposed cell is that body effect is utilized to realize asymmetric threshold voltage self cascode structure. The proposed cell has nearly four times higher output impedance than its conventional version. Dynamic body bias technique increases the intrinsic gain of the proposed cell by 11.17 dB. Analytical formulation for output impedance and intrinsic gain parameters of the proposed cell has been derived using small signal analysis. The proposed cell can operate at low power supply voltage of 1 V and consumes merely 43.1 nW. PSpice simulation results using 180 nm CMOS technology from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) are included to prove the unique results. The proposed cell could constitute an efficient analog Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) cell library in the design of high gain analog integrated circuits and is particularly interesting for biomedical and instrumentation applications requiring low-voltage low-power operation capability where the processing signal frequency is very low.
The Prevalence and Significance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization at Admission in the General ICU Setting: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies*

Objective:To estimate the prevalence and significance of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the ICU and its predictive value for development of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection. Data Sources:MEDLINE and EMBASE and reference lists of all eligible articles. Study Selection:Studies providing raw data on nasal methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization at ICU admission, published up to February 2013. Analyses were restricted in the general ICU setting. Medical, surgical, and interdisciplinary ICUs were eligible. ICU studies referring solely on highly specialized ICUs populations and reports on methicillin-resistant S. aureus outbreaks were excluded. Data Extraction:Two authors independently assessed study eligibility and extrapolated data in a blinded fashion. The two outcomes of interest were the prevalence estimate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal colonization at admission in the ICU and the sensitivity/specificity of colonization in predicting methicillin-resistant S. aureus–associated infections. Data Synthesis:Meta-analysis, using a random-effect model, and meta-regression were performed. Pooled data extracted from 63,740 evaluable ICU patients provided an estimated prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal colonization at admission of 7.0% (95% CI, 5.8–8.3). Prevalence was higher for North American studies (8.9%; 95% CI, 7.1–10.7) and for patients screened using polymerase chain reaction (14.0%; 95% CI, 9.6–19). A significant per year increase in methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization was also noted. In 17,738 evaluable patients, methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections (4.1%; 95% CI, 2.0–6.8) developed in 589 patients. The relative risk for colonized patients was 8.33 (95% CI, 3.61–19.20). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal carriage had a high specificity (0.96; 95% CI, 0.90–0.98) but low sensitivity (0.32; 95% CI, 0.20–0.48) to predict methicillin-resistant S. aureus–associated infections, with corresponding positive and negative predictive values at 0.25 (95% CI, 0.11–0.39) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.83–1.00), respectively. Conclusions:Among ICU patients, 5.8–8.3% of patients are colonized by methicillin-resistant S. aureus at admission, with a significant upward trend. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization is associated with a more than eight-fold increase in the risk of associated infections during ICU stay, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection develops in one fourth of patients who are colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus at admission to the ICU.
Secretory vesicles externalize the major plasma membrane ATPase in yeast

Yeast cell surface growth is accomplished by constitutive secretion and plasma membrane assembly, culminating in the fusion of vesicles with the bud membrane. Coordination of secretion and membrane assembly has been investigated by examining the biogenesis of plasma membrane ATPase (PM ATPase) in secretion-defective (sec) strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PM ATPase is synthesized as a approximately 106-kD polypeptide that is not detectably modified by asparagine-linked glycosylation or proteolysis during transit to the plasma membrane. Export of the PM ATPase requires the secretory pathway. In sec1, a mutant defective in the last step of secretion, large amounts of Golgi- derived vesicles are accumulated. Biochemical characterization of this organelle has demonstrated that PM ATPase and the secretory enzyme, acid phosphatase, are transported in a single vesicle species.
Multiscale Surface Organization and Description for Free Form bject Recognition

We introduce an efficient, robust means to obtain reliable surface descriptions, suitable for free form object recognition, at multiple scales from range data. Mean and Gaussian curvatures are used to segment the surface into four saliency classes based on curvature consistency as evaluated in a robust multivoting scheme. Contiguous regions consistent in both mean and Gaussian curvature are identified as the most homogeneous segments, followed by those consistent in mean curvature but not Gaussian curvature, followed by those consistent in Gaussian curvature only. Segments at each level of the hierarchy are extracted in the order of size, large to small, such that the most salient features of the surface are recovered first. This has potential for efficient object recognition by stopping once a just sufficient description is extracted.
Measuring Intensity of End of Life Care: A Systematic Review

Background Many studies have measured the intensity of end of life care. However, no summary of the measures used in the field is currently available. Objectives To summarise features, characteristics of use and reported validity of measures used for evaluating intensity of end of life care. Methods This was a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive literature search in Ovid Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews and reference lists published between 1990-2014. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, full texts and extracted data. Studies were eligible if they used a measure of end of life care intensity, defined as all quantifiable measures describing the type and intensity of medical care administered during the last year of life. Results A total of 58 of 1590 potentially eligible studies met our inclusion criteria and were included. The most commonly reported measures were hospitalizations (n = 44), intensive care unit admissions (n = 39) and chemotherapy use (n = 27). Studies measured intensity of care in different timeframes ranging from 48 hours to 12 months. The majority of studies were conducted in cancer patients (n = 31). Only 4 studies included information on validation of the measures used. None evaluated construct validity, while 3 studies considered criterion and 1 study reported both content and criterion validity. Conclusions This review provides a synthesis to aid in choosing intensity of end of life care measures based on their previous use but simultaneously highlights the crucial need for more validation studies and consensus in the field.
Relationship estimation by Markov-process models in a sib-pair linkage study.

The results of sib-pair linkage studies may be compromised if a substantial number of putative sib pairs are not actually sib pairs. For classification of pairs in a sib-pair genome scan, I propose multipoint methods that are based on a Markov-process model of allele sharing along the chromosome. These methods can be implemented by standard algorithms that compute multipoint marker allele-sharing probabilities for sib pairs. When marker data from at least half the genome are used, misclassification rates are small. The methods will be implemented in an upcoming version of the computer software package S.A. G.E.
Applications of Machine Learning to Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio offers the promise of intelligent radios that can learn from and adapt to their environment. To date, most cognitive radio research has focused on policy-based radios that are hard-coded with a list of rules on how the radio should behave in certain scenarios. Some work has been done on radios with learning engines tailored for very specific applications. This article describes a concrete model for a generic cognitive radio to utilize a learning engine. The goal is to incorporate the results of the learning engine into a predicate calculus-based reasoning engine so that radios can remember lessons learned in the past and act quickly in the future. We also investigate the differences between reasoning and learning, and the fundamentals of when a particular application requires learning, and when simple reasoning is sufficient. The basic architecture is consistent with cognitive engines seen in AI research. The focus of this article is not to propose new machine learning algorithms, but rather to formalize their application to cognitive radio and develop a framework from within which they can be useful. We describe how our generic cognitive engine can tackle problems such as capacity maximization and dynamic spectrum access.
Adipokines, inflammation, and visceral adiposity across the menopausal transition: a prospective study.

CONTEXT Postmenopausal women have greater visceral adiposity compared with premenopausal women. Adipokines are associated with increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess changes in adipokines and inflammatory markers through the menopausal transition and correlate them with changes in visceral adiposity. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a prospective cohort study of women through the menopausal transition conducted at the University of Washington. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-nine healthy women were followed up longitudinally from premenopausal (aged 45-55 yr) to postmenopausal status (aged 49-60 yr). OUTCOME On premenopausal and postmenopausal visits, fasting blood was drawn for adiponectin, leptin, serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte-chemotactic protein-1, tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA), IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Body composition measures were assessed by body mass index, whole-body dual x-ray absorptiometry scan, and computed tomography scan of the abdomen at the lumbar 4-5 level. RESULTS Women had a statistically significant increase in SAA, tPA, monocyte-chemotactic protein-1, and adiponectin between the two measurement occasions (P = 0.04, P = 0.02, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The increase in intraabdominal fat was correlated positively with the change in SAA (r = 0.31, P = 0.02), CRP (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), tPA (r = 0.40, P = 0.002), and leptin (r = 0.41, P = 0.002) and negatively correlated with the change in adiponectin (r = -0.37, P = 0.005). After adjustment for change in sc abdominal fat, the correlation between change in CRP, tPA, leptin, and adiponectin remained significantly associated with change in intraabdominal fat. CONCLUSIONS Women going through the menopausal transition have deleterious changes in inflammatory markers and adipokines that correlate with increased visceral adiposity.
Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

F. A. Peccatori1, H. A. Azim Jr2, R. Orecchia3, H. J. Hoekstra4, N. Pavlidis5, V. Kesic6 & G. Pentheroudakis5, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group* Fertility and Procreation Unit, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine, BrEAST Data Centre, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia;
Activity-Dependent pH Shifts and Periodic Recurrence of Spontaneous Interictal Spikes in a Model of Focal Epileptogenesis

The mechanisms that control the periodicity of spontaneous epileptiform cortical potentials were investigated in the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain preparation. A brief intracortical application of bicuculline in the piriform cortex induced spontaneous interictal spikes (sISs) that recurred with high periodicity (8.5 ± 3.1 sec, mean ± SD). Intracellular recordings from principal neurons showed that the early phase of the inter-sIS period is caused by a GABAb receptor-mediated inhibitory potential. The late component of the interspike period correlated to a slowly decaying depolarization abolished at membrane potentials positive to −32.1 ± 5.3 mV and was not associated with membrane conductance changes. Specific pharmacological tests excluded the contribution of synaptic and intrinsic conductances to the late inter-sIS interval. Recordings with ion-sensitive electrodes demonstrated that sISs determined both a rapid increase in extracellular K+ concentration (0.5–1 mm) and an extracellular alkalinization (0.05–0.08 pH units) that slowly decayed during the inter-sISperiod and returned to control values just before a subsequentsIS was generated. These observations were not congruous with the presence of a silent period, because both extracellular increase in K+ and alkalinization are commonly associated with an increase in neuronal excitability. Extracellular alkalinization could be correlated to an sIS-induced intracellular acidification, a phenomenon that reduces cell coupling by impairing gap junction function. When intracellular acidification was transiently prevented by arterial perfusion with NH4Cl (10–20 mm), spontaneous ictal-like epileptiform discharges were induced. In addition, the gap junction blockers octanol (0.2–2 mm) and 18-α-glycyrrethinic acid (20 μm) applied either via the arterial system or locally in the cortex completely and reversibly abolished the sIS. The results reported here suggest that the massive cell discharge associated with an sIS induce a strong inhibition, possibly secondary to a pH-dependent uncoupling of gap junctions, that regulatessIS periodicity.
Hierarchical Chunk-to-String Translation

We present a hierarchical chunk-to-string translation model, which can be seen as a compromise between the hierarchical phrase-based model and the tree-to-string model, to combine the merits of the two models. With the help of shallow parsing, our model learns rules consisting of words and chunks and meanwhile introduce syntax cohesion. Under the weighed synchronous context-free grammar defined by these rules, our model searches for the best translation derivation and yields target translation simultaneously. Our experiments show that our model significantly outperforms the hierarchical phrase-based model and the tree-to-string model on English-Chinese Translation tasks.
CORVIDAE: Coreference Resolution Visual Development & Analysis Environment

Communication whether in verbal or written form is part of our daily life. Hence, we as humans have developed a set of skills that enable us to follow a discourse and extract important information from a text quite easily. For a machine, however language understanding is a quite challenging problem and considered to be AI-complete, i.e. a machine must reach human level intelligence in order to solve this task. Recent developments, especially those forming the semantic web, offer new ways of incorporating world knowledge into natural language processing methods, while at the same time progress made in the latter will help pushing the dream of the global knowledge graph closer to reality. In this paper we present CORVIDAE (Coreference Resolution Visual Development & Analysis Environment) a tool for NLP developers to analyse and eventually improve coreference resolution algorithms specially designed for those that interact with world knowledge.
Extended operation of synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators to longer idler wavelengths.

A synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator, based on periodically poled lithium niobate, has operated at idler wavelengths out to 7.3 microm . Directly measured idler output powers (average) are 4.2 mW at 6.1 microm, 0.5 mW at 7.0 microm, and 0.04 mW at 7.25 microm . Characterization of the idler output indicates essentially bandwidth-limited and diffraction-limited operation.
Sensing 1-1-1980 Parallel Processing Implementations of a Contextual Classifier for Multispectral Remote Sensing Data

Contextual classifiers are being developed as a method to exploit the spatial/spectral context of a pixel to achieve accurate classification. Classification algorithms such as the contextual classifier typically require large amounts of computation time. One way to reduce the execution time of these tasks is through the use of parallelism. The applicability of the CDC Flexible Processor system and of a proposed multimicroprocessor system (PASM) for implementing contextual classifiers is examined.
Nuovo DRM Paradiso : towards a verified fair DRM protocol

The NPGCT DRM scheme, that proposes a unique concept of DRM-preserving content redistribution, has some security issues. These issues are addressed in this paper by an extension of NPGCT. A security mechanism that provides fairness in unsupervised exchanges is introduced, and the mechanism of detecting and revoking circumvented devices is reexamined devices. The resulting DRM scheme, Nuovo DRM, and its requirements are formally speci? ed. A ? nite model of the scheme is subsequently model-checked and shown to satisfy its design requirements.
Involvement of 5-HT 2 Receptors in Chronic Endothelial Dysfunction After Balloon Injury of Porcine Coronary Arteries

Background Endothelium-dependent, pertussis toxin-sensitive relaxation to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is impaired selectively after balloon injury of porcine coronary artery, followed by regeneration of the endothelial cells. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that 5-HT, released from aggregating platelets, affects the progression of the endothelial dysfunction. Methods and Results Yorkshire pigs were assigned randomly to three groups: control group (standard diet), denudation group (high-cholesterol diet plus balloon denudation of the endothelium of coronary artery under fluoroscopy), and DV-7028-treated group (denudation group plus chronic treatment with the selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist DV-7028, given from the first day on after balloon denudation). Four weeks after the denudation, quantitative angiography revealed that 5-HT injected into the coronary artery decreased the luminal diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery at the denuded site in the denudation group but not in the control or the DV-7028-treated group. Then, animals were killed so we could study the endothelium-dependent responses of their coronary arteries in conventional organ chambers. The arteries from the denudation group exhibited less relaxation to 5 -HT and sodium fluoride (a stimulant of G proteins) than those of the control group. Relaxations to 5-HT and sodium fluoride were greater in arteries from the DV7028-treated group than in those from the denudation group. In contrast, the endothelium-dependent, pertussis toxin-insensitive relaxations to bradykinin and thrombin and the endothelium-independent relaxations to sodium nitroprusside and isoproterenol were not affected significantly by chronic treatment with DV-7028. Conclusions These results suggest that 5-HT2 receptors are involved in the chronic progression of endothelial dysfunction after balloon denudation in the porcine coronary artery. (Circulation. 1994;89:1776-1785.)