Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential 1H NMR assignments and secondary structure identification of human ubiquitin.

1H NMR assignments of human ubiquitin (76 amino acids, Mr 8565) have been made by a combination of DQF-COSY, DQF-RELAY, NOESY, DQ, and isotropic mixing experiments. Complete NH, C alpha H, and C beta H assignments were obtained; resonances not yet assigned are the side-chain amides of Q-40, Q-41, Q-49, N-60, and Q-62 and the peripheral protons (C gamma H and outward) of M-1 and K-27. A total of 558 out of 579 (96%) potentially observable protons were assigned. Particular attention was directed toward obtaining complete assignments of the aliphatic residues (seven Ile, nine Leu, four Val) since these residues form an extensive hydrophobic core and NOEs from these residues are invaluable for structure calculations. The secondary structure elements were also identified from the sequential NOE data and differ slightly in description from the published 2.8 A resolution crystal structure [Vijay-Kumar, S. , Bugg, C. E. , Wilkinson, K. D. , & Cook, W. J. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 3582-3585]; the NMR data suggest that residues 48-50 form a short fifth strand in the beta-sheet and that residues 56-61 form a helical turn. The sequential assignment results presented here are in agreement with the main chain directed assignments presented in the preceding paper [Di Stephano, D. , & Wand, A. J. (1987) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)].
Temporal Representations of Odors in an Olfactory Network

The responses of projection neurons in the antennal lobe of the locust brain (the functional analog of mitral–tufted cells in the vertebrate olfactory bulb) to natural blends and simple odors were studied with multiple intra- and extracellular recordings in vivo. Individual odors evoked complex temporal response patterns in many neurons. These patterns differed across odors for a given neuron and across neurons for a given odor, but were stable for each neuron over repeated presentations (separated by seconds to minutes) of the same odor. The response of individual neurons to an odor was superimposed on an odor-specific coherent oscillatory population activity. Each neuron usually participated in the coherent oscillations during one or more specific epochs of the ensemble activity. These epochs of phase locking were reliable for each neuron over tens of repeated presentations of one odor. The timing of these epochs of synchronization differed across neurons and odors. Correlated activity of specific pairs of neurons, hence, generally occurred transiently during the population response, at times that were specific to these pairs and to the odor smelled. The field potential oscillations, therefore, fail to reveal a progressive transformation of the synchronized ensemble as the response to the odor unfolds. We propose that (1) odors are represented by spatially andtemporally distributed ensembles of coherently firing neurons, and (2) the field potential oscillations that characterize odor responses in the olfactory system occur, at least in this animal, in parallel with a slower dynamic odor representation.
Evidence of Improving Prognosis in Heart Failure: Trends in Case Fatality in 66 547 Patients Hospitalized Between 1986 and 1995

BackgroundContemporary survival in unselected patients with heart failure and the population impact of newer therapies have not been widely studied. Therefore, we have documented case-fatality rates (CFRs) over a recent 10-year period. Methods and ResultsIn Scotland, all hospitalizations and deaths are captured on a single database. We have studied case fatality in all patients admitted with a principal diagnosis of heart failure from 1986 to 1995. A total of 66 547 patients (47% male) were studied. Median age was 72 years in men and 78 years in women. Crude CFRs at 30 days and at 1, 5, and 10 years were 19.9%, 44.5%, 76.5%, and 87.6%, respectively. Median survival was 1.47 years in men and 1.39 years in women (2.47 and 2.36 years, respectively, in those surviving 30 days). Age had a powerful effect on survival, and sex, comorbidity, and deprivation had modest effects. One-year CF was 24.2% in those aged <55 years and 58.1% in those aged >84 years. After adjustment, 30-day CFRs fell between 1986 and 1995, by 26% (95% CI 15 to 35, P <0.0001) in men and 17% (95% CI 6 to 26, P <0.0001) in women. Longer term CFRs fell by 18% (95% CI 13 to 24, P <0.0001) in men and 15% (95% CI 10 to 20, P <0.0001) in women. Median survival increased from 1.23 to 1.64 years. ConclusionsHeart failure CF is much higher in the general population than in clinical trials, especially in the elderly. Although survival has increased significantly over the last decade, there is still much room for improvement.
Automated inference of goal-oriented performance prediction functions

Understanding the dependency between performance metrics (such as response time) and software configuration or usage parameters is crucial in improving software quality. However, the size of most modern systems makes it nearly impossible to provide a complete performance model. Hence, we focus on scenario-specific problems where software engineers require practical and efficient approaches to draw conclusions, and we propose an automated, measurement-based model inference method to derive goal-oriented performance prediction functions. For the practicability of the approach it is essential to derive functional dependencies with the least possible amount of data. In this paper, we present different strategies for automated improvement of the prediction model through an adaptive selection of new measurement points based on the accuracy of the prediction model. In order to derive the prediction models, we apply and compare different statistical methods. Finally, we evaluate the different combinations based on case studies using SAP and SPEC benchmarks.
Microcirculation in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases.

The renal microvasculature is emerging as a key player in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Renal microvascular disease involves alterations in endothelial barrier permeability, exaggerated inflammation, impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation involving the nitric oxide system, increased oxidative stress, and loss of angiogenic factors. Moreover, evidence suggests that there is a microvascular component to the pathogenesis of renal scarring. New technology is being developed to explore renal microcirculation in vivo in experimental models and humans. This technology will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and will help guide specific therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the renal microcirculation. This article reviews the cellular and molecular mechanisms of renal microvascular dysfunction in acute and chronic kidney diseases and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings. Recent developments in the monitoring of renal microcirculation are described with respect to their advantages and limitations, and future directions are outlined.
Squama: modular visibility control of walls and windows for programmable physical architectures

In this paper we present Squama, a programmable physical window or wall that can independently control the visibility of its elemental small square tiles. This is an example of programmable physical architecture, our vision for future architectures where the physical features of architectural elements and facades can be dynamically changed and reprogrammed according to people's needs. When Squama is used as a wall, it dynamically controls the transparency through its surface, and simultaneously satisfies the needs for openness and privacy. It can also control the amount of sunlight and create shadows, called programmable shadows, in order to afford indoor comfort without completely blocking the outer view. In this paper, we discuss how in future, architectural space can become dynamically changeable and introduce the Squama system as an initial instance for exemplifying this concept.
Thyroid Cancer: Burden of Illness and Management of Disease

Objective: The incidence of thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine malignancy, has increased dramatically in the last fifty years. This article will review the standard approach to thyroid cancer treatment as well as novel therapies under investigation. We will also address potential cost considerations in the management of thyroid cancer. Study Design: A comprehensive literature search was performed. Methods: Review article. Results: The high prevalence of thyroid cancer and the availability of novel therapies for patients with metastatic disease have potential economic implications that have not been well-studied. Because many patients likely have very low morbidity from their cancers, better tools to identify the lowest risk patients are needed in order to prevent overtreatment. Improved risk stratification should include recognizing patients who are unlikely to benefit from radioactive iodine therapy after initial surgery and identifying those with indolent and asymptomatic metastatic disease that are unlikely to benefit from novel therapies. In patients with advanced incurable disease, randomized-controlled studies to assess the efficacy of novel agents are needed to determine if the costs associated with new agents are warranted. Conclusions: Health care costs associated with the increased diagnosis of thyroid cancer remain unknown but are worthy of further research.
Convergence of Linear Barycentric Rational Interpolation for Analytic Functions

Polynomial interpolation to analytic functions can be very accurate, depending on the distribution of the interpolation nodes. However, in equispaced nodes and the like, besides being badly conditioned, these interpolants fail to converge even in exact arithmetic in some cases. Linear barycentric rational interpolation with the weights presented by Floater and Hormann can be viewed as blended polynomial interpolation and often yields better approximation in such cases. This has been proven for differentiable functions and indicated in several experiments for analytic functions. So far, these rational interpolants have been used mainly with a constant parameter usually denoted by $d$, the degree of the blended polynomials, which leads to small condition numbers but to merely algebraic convergence. With the help of logarithmic potential theory we derive asymptotic convergence results for analytic functions when this parameter varies with the number of nodes. Moreover, we present suggestions for how to choos.
Hybrid technique for steganography-based on DNA with n-bits binary coding rule

The information capacity is growing significantly as well as its level of importance and its transformation rate. In this paper, a blind data hiding hybrid technique is introduced using the concepts of cryptography and steganography in order to achieve double layer secured system. The proposed method consists of two phases: phase one is converting the message to DNA format using the proposed n-bits binary coding rule leading to high algorithm's cracking probability compared with those of other algorithms. Followed by applying the Playfair cipher based on DNA and amino acids to encrypt the secret message which generates ambiguity. Phase two is hiding the cipher secret message parts with the ambiguity results from from the first phase. The data is hidden using the least significant base (LSBase) only of each codon of a selected DNA reference sequence using 3:1 hiding strategy. The proposed technique achieves hiding the data in DNA with preserving its biological functions as possible without requiring any extra data to be sent to the receiver.
Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Dromedaries, North and East Africa, United Arab Emirates, and Pakistan, 1983–2015

A new hepatitis E virus (HEV-7) was recently found in dromedaries and 1 human from the United Arab Emirates. We screened 2,438 dromedary samples from Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates, and 4 African countries. HEV-7 is long established, diversified and geographically widespread. Dromedaries may constitute a neglected source of zoonotic HEV infections.
Clinical Observation Atorvastatin associated liver disease

Atorvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, is widely used in the treatment of dyslipidaemia. A transient rise in serum transaminases ccurs in up to 3% of patients using atorvastatin but this is usually self-limiting and inconsequential. Recent literature has indicated some otential for more serious but rare idiosyncratic reactions related to this drug. Seven patients with significant liver dysfunction from one centre during 2002–2005 are reported, with one death, that raises some concern ver the safety of atorvastatin. A total of seven other patients are reported in the literature. The 14 patients were usually over 60 years, had a emale:male ratio of 2:1 and showed a mixed cholestatic/hepatocellular reaction. The mean interval to onset of reaction was approximately 9 eeks and the liver often took several months to recover. Three deaths occurred. Adverse drug reaction reports from the UK Committee on Safety of Medicines reveal that four deaths due to hepatobiliary disease (0.5 eaths per annum) have been reported in association with atorvastatin treatment over 8 years. Simvastatin has had no hepatobiliary-related atalities reported over 15 years. While acute hepatotoxicity with atorvastatin remains uncommon, any persistent abnormality in liver function should be treated with caution. 2006 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r. l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Crossword Puzzles and Constraint Satisfaction

Crossword puzzles provide an interesting test bed for evaluation of constraint satisfaction algorithms. Constraint satisfaction problems are among the most difficult problems for a computer to solve, but methods exist that make solving them relatively easy and quick to run. In this report, we will be investigating different constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) algorithms, including forward checking, dynamic variable ordering, conflictdirected backjumping, and arc consistency. Past research has suggested these algorithms make for significantly more efficient CSP solvers. Although CSPs are in the class of NPComplete problems, even fairly large instances of constraint satisfaction problems can be solved quickly. We describe first the algorithms and techniques we use to solve the CSPs, along with the optimizations we make to our CSP solver that take advantage of the structure of crossword puzzles. Next, we will describe the results and the reasons we have gotten those results with our algorithms. The final section is a concluding discussion and a few ideas for further work.
[Actual problems of dyslipidaemia treatment in Poland - 2nd Declaration of Sopot. Experts' Group Consensus endorsed by the Polish Cardiac Society Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy].

Actual problems of dyslipidaemia treatment in Poland — 2nd Declaration of Sopot. Experts’ Group Consensus endorsed by the Polish Cardiac Society Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy Beata Wożakowska-Kapłon, Krzysztof J. Filipiak, Artur Mamcarz, Marcin Barylski, Barbara Cybulska, Rafał Dąbrowski, Jarosław Drożdż, Dariusz Dudek, Grzegorz Dzida, Edward Franek , Jerzy Górny, Stefan Grajek, Maciej Haberka, Jacek Imiela, Piotr Jankowski, Jarosław D. Kasprzak, Marek Koziński, Dariusz Kozłowski, Katarzyna Mizia-Stec, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Janusz Siebert, Władysław Sinkiewicz, Andrzej Tykarski, Krystyna Widecka, Tomasz Zdrojewski
Meal induced rectosigmoid tone modification: a low caloric meal accurately separates functional and organic gastrointestinal disease patients

Background and aims: Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is based on arbitrary criteria due to the lack of an accurate diagnostic test. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether rectosigmoid tone modification after a meal represents an accurate diagnostic approach. Methods: In a secondary care setting, 32 constipation predominant and 24 diarrhoea predominant IBS patients, 10 functional diarrhoea and 10 functional constipation patients, 29 organic gastrointestinal disease patients, and 10 healthy volunteers underwent a rectal barostat test to measure fasting and postprandial rectosigmoid tone. Rectosigmoid response was assessed following three meals containing different amounts of calories: 200 kcal, 400 kcal and 1000 kcal. Results: After 200 kcal, healthy volunteers and patients with organic diseases showed a reduction in rectosigmoid volume of at least 28% of fasting volume, indicating a meal induced increase in muscle tone. In contrast, patients with diarrhoea predominant IBS showed dilation of the rectosigmoid colon, indicative of reduced tone, and patients with constipation predominant IBS showed a mild volume reduction or no modification. Functional diarrhoea and constipation patients showed rectosigmoid tone modification resembling that of the corresponding IBS subtype. A 400 kcal meal normalised rectosigmoid tone in more than half of the constipation predominant IBS patients but none of the diarrhoea predominant IBS patients. In contrast, a 1000 kcal meal normalised tone response in all IBS patients. Sensitivity of the test was 100%, specificity 93%, positive predictive value 96%, and negative predictive value 100%. Conclusion: A postprandial reduction in rectosigmoid tone of at least 28% of fasting value after a low caloric meal accurately separates organic and functional gastrointestinal disease patients. This parameter may therefore be used in the positive diagnosis of IBS.
Uncovering the dark Web: A case study of Jihad on the Web

While the Web has become a worldwide platform for communication, terrorists share their ideology and communicate with members on the “Dark Web”—the reverse side of the Web used by terrorists. Currently, the problems of information overload and difficulty to obtain a comprehensive picture of terrorist activities hinder effective and efficient analysis of terrorist information on the Web. To improve understanding of terrorist activities, we have developed a novel methodology for collecting and analyzing Dark Web information. The methodology incorporates information collection, analysis, and visualization techniques, and exploits various Web information sources. We applied it to collecting and analyzing information of 39 JihadWeb sites and developed visualization of their site contents, relationships,and activity levels. An expert evaluation showed that the methodology is very useful and promising, having a high potential to assist in investigation and understanding of terrorist activities by producing results that could potentially help guide both policymaking and intelligence research.
Compression After Impact on Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels With Thin Facesheets. Part 1; Experiments

A two part research study has been completed on the topic of compression after impact (CAI) of thin facesheet honeycomb core sandwich panels. The research has focused on both experiments and analysis in an effort to establish and validate a new understanding of the damage tolerance of these materials. Part one, the subject of the current paper, is focused on the experimental testing. Of interest are sandwich panels, with aerospace applications, which consist of very thin, woven S2-fiberglass (with MTM45-1 epoxy) facesheets adhered to a Nomex honeycomb core. Two sets of specimens, which were identical with the exception of the density of the honeycomb core, were tested. Static indentation and low velocity impact using a drop tower are used to study damage formation in these materials. A series of highly instrumented CAI tests was then completed. New techniques used to observe CAI response and failure include high speed video photography, as well as digital image correlation (DIC) for full-field deformation measurement. Two CAI failure modes, indentation propagation, and crack propagation, were observed. From the results, it can be concluded that the CAI failure mode of these panels depends solely on the honeycomb core density.
Fine-grained reservoir sediments: an interesting alternative raw material for Portland cement clinker production

Abstract The paper reports investigation results on the use of fine sediments to replace a part of the raw materials in Portland cement (PC) clinker. Representative samples of sediments from three different French dam reservoirs are studied. These materials have a mineral composition that includes some of oxides components essential to cement manufacturing, such as SiO2, CaO, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. Their potential for use as replacement of clays in cement industry was considered. Nine mixes of PC clinkers were synthesised with feedstock mixtures containing between 20.6 and 31.1% of sediments according to their chemical composition. In all cases studied, usual clay materials are completely substituted by dam sediments. Clinkers were characterised using ICP-AES, XRD and optical microscopy. Results showed that synthesised clinkers have similar chemical and mineralogical composition than ordinary PC clinker. Finally fine-grained sediments might be considered as natural resource, they are an interesting alternative raw material for PC clinker production.
Semi-Supervised Dimension Reduction for Multi-Label Classification

A significant challenge to make learning techniques more suitable for general purpose use in AI is to move beyond i) complete supervision, ii) low dimensional data and iii) a single label per instance. Solving this challenge would allow making predictions for high dimensional large dataset with multiple (but possibly incomplete) labelings. While other work has addressed each of these problems separately, in this paper we show how to address them together, namely the problem of semi-supervised dimension reduction for multi-labeled classification, SSDR-MC. To our knowledge this is the first paper that attempts to address all challenges together. In this work, we study a novel joint learning framework which performs optimization for dimension reduction and multi-label inference in semi-supervised setting. The experimental results validate the performance of our approach, and demonstrate the effectiveness of connecting dimension reduction and learning.
A Calculus Approach to Energy-Efficient Data Transmission With Quality-of-Service Constraints

Transmission rate adaptation in wireless devices provides a unique opportunity to trade off data service rate with energy consumption. In this paper, we study optimal rate control to minimize transmission energy expenditure subject to strict deadline or other quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. Specifically, the system consists of a wireless transmitter with controllable transmission rate and with strict QoS constraints on data transmission. The goal is to obtain a rate-control policy that minimizes the total transmission energy expenditure while ensuring that the QoS constraints are met. Using a novel formulation based on cumulative curves methodology, we obtain the optimal transmission policy and show that it has a simple and appealing graphical visualization. Utilizing the optimal ldquoofflinerdquo results, we then develop an online transmission policy for an arbitrary stream of packet arrivals and deadline constraints, and show, via simulations, that it is significantly more energy-efficient than a simple head-of-line drain policy. Finally, we generalize the optimal policy results to the case of time-varying power-rate functions.