Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Compact Broad Ka-Band Sub-Harmonic Single Sideband Up-Converter MMIC

Design, simulation and measurement results of the integrated compact up-converter MMICs (microwave monolithic integrated circuits) are presented and discussed. The design is performed to achieve low cost and high performance transmitter system for the Ka-band frequency applications. It is designed using anti- parallel diode pair sub-harmonic single sideband mixer and three stage RF (radio frequency) amplifler. Microstrip lines and lumped elements are used together to achieve a compact chip size. The layouts of the circuits are designed with careful EM (electromagnetic) simulations to avoid inter-component couplings and efiect of the microstrip bending discontinuities. The chip is operated for the wide bandwidth of the RF frequency from 22{38GHz. Due to sub-harmonic mixing the required local oscillator frequency (LO) is reduced to half (10{19GHz) to that of the RF frequency. The conversion gain of the chip is 9{ 15dB and Pi1dB output power is 7{12dBm. The single sideband and anti-parallel diode pair suppress the in-band unwanted sideband and second harmonic of the local oscillator (2LO), respectively. The suppression of sideband and 2LO signals is typically 20{35dB and 20{ 30dB, respectively. The size of the chip is as compact as 4.2mm 2 on a 100"m-thick GaAs substrate.
The SPOT* Personal Thermal Comfort System

Conventional centralized HVAC systems cannot provide office workers with personalized thermal comfort because workers in a single zone share a common air handling unit and thus a single air temperature. Moreover, they heat or cool an entire zone even if a single worker is present, which can waste energy. Both drawbacks are addressed by Personal Environmental Control (PEC) systems that modify the thermal envelope around a worker's body to provide personalized comfort. However, most PEC systems are both expensive and difficult to deploy, making them unsuitable for large-scale deployment. In contrast, we present the design and implementation of the SPOT* PEC system that is carefully designed for rapid and scalable deployment. Intuitive web-based interfaces for user controls allow SPOT* to be installed in only about 15 minutes, including user training. It is also low-cost because it uses the fewest possible sensors and a lightweight compute engine that can optionally be located in the cloud. We present the detailed design of the SPOT* system and results from a cumulative 58,000 hours of operation in 15 offices. We find that in our deployment SPOT* reduced the average absolute discomfort experienced by a typical user by ~67% compared to the same HVAC system in the absence of SPOT*.
Genetics of flower initiation and development in annual and perennial plants

Flowering is an integral developmental process in angiosperms, crucial to reproductive success and continuity of the species through time. Some angiosperms complete their life cycle within a year (annual plants), and others have a longer reproductive life, which is characterized by the generation of new flowering and vegetative shoots every year (perennial plants). Despite the differences in their lifespan, the underlying genetics of flower induction and floral organ formation appears to be similar among these plants. Hence, the knowledge gained from the study of flowering mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana can be used to better understand similar processes in other plant species, especially the perennials, which usually have a long generation time and are not amenable to genetic analysis. Using Arabidopsis as a model, we briefly discuss the current understanding of the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth and the subsequent formation of individual floral organs, and how this knowledge has been successfully applied to the identification of homologous genes from perennial crops. Although annuals appear to share many similarities with perennials in terms of gene function, they differ in their commitment to flowering. Once an annual reaches the reproductive phase, all meristems are typically converted into either floral or inflorescence meristems. In contrast, each year, each meristem of a mature perennial has the choice to produce either a vegetative or a reproductive shoot. The physiology and genetics of flowering in Citrus are used to highlight the complexity of reproductive development in perennials, and to discus possible future research directions.
Evolution and ecological aspects of parthenogenetic and sexual bagworm moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Naryciinae)

Chevasco, Veronica Evolution and ecological aspects of parthenogenetic and sexual bagworm moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Naryciinae) Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2012, 50 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456–9701, 242) ISBN 978-951-39-4808-5 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-4809-2 (PDF) Yhteenveto: Näkökulmia partenogeneettisten ja seksuaalisesti lisääntyvien pussikehrääjien (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Naryciinae) ekologiaan ja evoluutioon Diss. The prevalence of sex could be explained by the benefits of recombination. Due to the inherent advantages of sex, parthenogens are considered as an evolutionary dead–end. However, the apparent success of some parthenogenetic species constitutes one of the most intriguing questions in evolutionary biology and deserves investigation. In this dissertation I investigated the origin of parthenogenesis and examined factors contributing to its maintenance in bagworm moths. A DNA barcoding approach was conducted as an accurate way to identify species. The identification of sexual species was vital to test the hypothesis of a possible hybrid origin leading to allopolyploidy in parthenogenetic species. Nonetheless, the phylogenetic results rejected the possibility of hybridization. An alternative scenario for the origin of parthenogenetic D. fennicella is the possibility of autopolyploidization of a closely related sexual species, such as D. lazuri. Parthenogenesis may be favored if the sexual wingless females face a high risk of remaining unfertilized. The results showed that male sperm limitation may not have a significant role as a selective force to promote the spread of parthenogenesis, because females tend to re–mate if the first mating fails. Continuing to investigate potential reasons for the success of parthenogenetic species, D. fennicella was found to be less vulnerable to parasitoid attacks than sexual species, which contradicted one prediction of the parasite hypothesis of sex. Parthenogens could be avoiding parasitoid attacks due to differences in phenology between sexual and parthenogenetic species. An alternative explanation might be the unexpected genetic variability that was found in parthenogenetic D. fennicella. In conclusion, a plausible explanation for the occurrence of the parthenogenetic D. fennicella could be that its polyploid status might provide enough advantages to overcome a higher mutational load, lower genotypic variation, and parasitoid attacks in the absence of sexual reproduction.
Mlx Is the Functional Heteromeric Partner of the Carbohydrate Response Element-binding Protein in Glucose Regulation of Lipogenic Enzyme Genes*

The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in de novo triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis) is transcriptionally induced in the liver in response to increased glucose metabolism. The carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a newly identified basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper transcription factor proposed to regulate the expression of the glucose-responsive gene pyruvate kinase. This gene contains a carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) consisting of two E box motifs separated by 5 bp that is necessary and sufficient for glucose regulation. We demonstrate that overexpression of ChREBP in primary rat hepatocytes activates other ChoRE-containing promoters in a manner consistent with their ability to respond to glucose. In vitro binding of ChREBP to ChoRE sequences was not detected. Because E box-binding proteins function as obligate dimers, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen of a mouse liver cDNA library to identify potential heteromeric partners. Mlx (Max-like protein X) was selected as the only basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper interaction partner in this screen. When a plasmid expressing either Mlx or ChREBP was cotransfected with a ChoRE-containing reporter plasmid into human embryonic kidney 293 cells, no increase in promoter activity was observed. However, the expression of both proteins dramatically enhanced promoter activity. This activation was observed with reporters containing ChoREs from several different lipogenic enzyme genes. In contrast, reporters containing non-glucose-responsive E box elements were not activated by ChREBP-Mlx expression. In vitro binding of ChREBP to ChoRE-containing oligonucleotides was observed only in the presence of Mlx. ChREBP-Mlx binding discriminated between E box sites that are glucose-responsive and those that are not. We conclude that Mlx is a functional heteromeric partner of ChREBP in regulating the expression of glucose-responsive genes.
An introduction to implementation attacks and countermeasures

Implementation attacks pose a serious threat to the security of cryptographic algorithms and protocols. In such attacks, not the abstract descriptions of cryptographic methods are attacked but their practical realizations in cryptographic devices. This opens up a wide range of powerful attacks, which are introduced in this article. Also the main approaches to counteract implementation attacks are discussed.
Dynamin: A microtubule-associated GTP-binding protein

Summary We recently identified dynamin as a third nucleotide-sensitive microtubule-associated protein in brain tissue, in addition to kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein. Molecular cloning analysis has revealed that dynamin contains the three consensus elements characteristic of GTP-binding proteins, and biochemical results support a role for GTP in dynamin function. Dynamin is also homologous to the Mx proteins, involved in interferon-induced viral resistance, and the product of the yeast VPS1 gene, involved in vacuolar protein sorting. These results identify a novel class of GTP-utilizing proteins, with apparently diverse functions.
Study on the Non-Dedicated Grid Scheduling System

Effective task scheduling and deployment is hard to achieve in a grid environment, especially where computing resources are heterogamous and local tasks have a high priority in the non-dedicated grid. We introduce a scheduling system of the non-dedicated grid and propose a novel task scheduling algorithm. The simulations show that the algorithm overweighs traditional algorithms a lot in the makespan and the scalability of the scheduling algorithm.
Interferon-producing capacity of germfree mice

The general capacity of germfree mouse spleen cells to produce interferon in vitro in response to various stimuli was investigated. The interferon response of germfree mouse spleen cells in vitro, when compared with that of the conventionals, appears to be lower to some inducers. Interferon production in vitro stimulated by hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) or BHK-HVJ cells (BHK cells persistently infected with HVJ) was apparently suppressed in germfree mouse spleen cells as compared with the corresponding conventionals, whereas no difference of interferon production was observed between germfree and conventional mouse spleen cells in response to Newcastle disease virus, Escherichia coli endotoxin, poly(I:C), and phytohemagglutinin. Although monocontamination with HVJ had no enhancing effect on the interferon-producing ability of germfree mouse spleen cells in response to HVJ, conventionalization for 2 weeks greatly enhanced interferon-producing capacity.
Kohyponymie in elektronischen Wörterbüchern

Zusammenfassung: Die Kodierung der Hyponymierelation in elektronischen Wörterbüchern und Wortdatenbanken zeigt zahlreiche Inkonsistenzen, für die hier Lösungen vorgeschlagen werden sollen. Ich beginne mit einer Analyse der Probleme bei der Kodierung der Hyponymierelation für Nomina in existierenden Wörterbüchern, namentlich die fehlende Trennung verschiedener Ebenen der Spezifität und die Vermischung unterschiedlicher Unterordnungskriterien. Beides lässt sich in der Analyse lexikografischer Praxis vor allem an der Heterogenität von kodierten Kohyponymen festmachen. Im Anschluss an die Problemanalyse werden Strategien zur korrekteren lexikografischen Erfassung der Hyponymierelation aufgezeigt. Zentrale Idee dabei ist eine lokale Etikettierung der Hyponymierelation. Ein wichtiges Kriterium für die Erarbeitung der Vorschläge war die einfache lexikografische Umsetzbarkeit.
Towards a dynamic adaptive placement of virtual network functions under ONAP

In the context of the Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP), we develop in this paper a resource allocation strategy for deploying Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) on distributed data centers. For this purpose, we rely on a three-level data center hierarchy exploiting co-location facilities available within Main and Core Central Offices. We precisely propose an active VNFs' placement strategy, which dynamically offload requests on the basis of the load observed within a data center. We compare via simulations the performance of the proposed solution against mechanisms so far proposed in the literature, notably the centralized approach of the multi-site project within OpenStack, currently adopted by ONAP. It turns out that the proposed algorithm yields better performance in terms of both data center occupancy and overhead. Furthermore, it allows extending the applicability of ONAP in the context of distributed cloud, without requiring any modification.
Partitioning of 3D Meshes using Reeb Gra

In this paper, a model is proposed for partitioning of 3D objects based on Reeb graphs. The model is motivated by perceptual principles and supports identification of the main protrusions of an object. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution with respect to ground-truth data represented by manually segmented objects
Involvement of satellite I noncoding RNA in regulation of chromosome segregation

Human centromeres consist of repetitive sequences from which satellite I noncoding RNAs are transcribed. We found that knockdown of satellite I RNA causes abnormal chromosome segregation and generation of nuclei with a grape‐shape phenotype. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments showed that satellite I RNA associates with Aurora B, a component of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) regulating proper attachment of microtubules to kinetochores, in mitotic HeLa cells. Satellite I RNA was also shown to associate with INCENP, another component of the CPC. In addition, depletion of satellite I RNA resulted in up‐regulation of kinase activity of Aurora B and delocalization of the CPC from the centromere region. These results suggest that satellite I RNA is involved in chromosome segregation through controlling activity and centromeric localization of Aurora B kinase.
Type IIB tensionless superstrings in a pp-wave background

We solve the tensionless string in a constant plane wave background and obtain a hugely degenerate spectrum. This is the case for a large class of plane wave backgrounds. We show that the solution can also be derived as a consistent limit of the quantized tensile theory of IIB strings in a pp-wave. This is in contrast to the situation for several other backgrounds.
Influence of different dietary fats on triacylglycerol deposition in rat adipose tissue

It has been demonstrated that triacylglycerol (TAG) mobilization from adipose tissue is selective and depends on fatty acid (FA) chain length, unsaturation and positional isomerism. The present study was performed to determine the influence of dietary fat on the composition of TAG stored in rat perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues. These results may provide information on the susceptibility of stored TAG to hydrolysis and further mobilization, and may help to establish an interrelationship between dietary composition and the FA efflux from adipose tissue. TAG molecular species and FA composition were determined by HPLC and GLC respectively. No significant differences were found in either FA or TAG composition between perirenal and subcutaneous adipose depots. The major FA in the dietary fats were present in the adipose tissues of the animals; in most cases, in similar proportions. However, differences were found between dietary and adipose tissue content of minor FA, which suggests that dietary FA composition is altered between ingestion and deposition in adipose tissue. The TAG molecular species of rat adipose tissue were enriched with the FA characteristic of each dietary fat. Dietary sunflower oil was responsible for enrichment with the most polar TAG. This finding may suggest easier mobilization of stored TAG. In conclusion, the process of fatty acid and TAG deposition in rat adipose tissue is selective, and depends on the composition of the diet.
Auditing the UMLS for redundant classifications

The UMLS's Semantic Network (SN) serves as a valuable abstraction for the underlying concept repository called the Metathesaurus (META). Specifically, the SN forms a classification layer for the META, with each of the META's constituent concepts assigned to one or more semantic types in the SN. The rule in the design of the SN is to have concepts explicitly assigned to the lowest possible semantic types in the SN's IS-A hierarchy. Implicit assignment to higher semantic types can be inferred via the IS-A relationships. However, in subsequent versions of the UMLS, unnecessary, simultaneous assignments to descendant and ancestor semantic types have been discovered (e.g., 8,622 in the UMLS 1998 version and 12,657 in the 2001 version). The assignment of concepts to such ancestor semantic types is called redundant classification. There is a need for an automated auditing tool that can identify all these redundant classifications. In this paper, an efficient algorithm for this auditing task is introduced. Details of its application to the current (2001) version of the UMLS are presented and the results are discussed.
Direct Regulation of CLOCK Expression by REV-ERB

Circadian rhythms are regulated at the cellular level by transcriptional feedback loops leading to oscillations in expression of key proteins including CLOCK, BMAL1, PERIOD (PER), and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY). The CLOCK and BMAL1 proteins are members of the bHLH class of transcription factors and form a heterodimer that regulates the expression of the PER and CRY genes. The nuclear receptor REV-ERBα plays a key role in regulation of oscillations in BMAL1 expression by directly binding to the BMAL1 promoter and suppressing its expression at certain times of day when REV-ERBα expression levels are elevated. We recently demonstrated that REV-ERBα also regulates the expression of NPAS2, a heterodimer partner of BMAL1. Here, we show that REV-ERBα also regulates the expression another heterodimer partner of BMAL1, CLOCK. We identified a REV-ERBα binding site within the 1st intron of the CLOCK gene using a chromatin immunoprecipitation – microarray screen. Suppression of REV-ERBα expression resulted in elevated CLOCK mRNA expression consistent with REV-ERBα's role as a transcriptional repressor. A REV-ERB response element (RevRE) was identified within this region of the CLOCK gene and was conserved between humans and mice. Additionally, the CLOCK RevRE conferred REV-ERB responsiveness to a heterologous reporter gene. Our data suggests that REV-ERBα plays a dual role in regulation of the activity of the BMAL1/CLOCK heterodimer by regulation of expression of both the BMAL1 and CLOCK genes.
Self-organising agent organisations

Self-organising multi-agent systems provide a suitable paradigm for developing autonomic computing systems that manage themselves. Towards this goal, we demonstrate a robust, decentralised approach for structural adaptation in explicitly modelled problem solving agent organisations. Based on self-organisation principles, our method enables the agents to modify their structural relations to achieve a better allocation of tasks in a simulated task-solving environment. The agents reason on when and how to adapt using only their history of interactions as guidance. We empirically show that, in both closed and dynamic organisations, the performance of organisations using our method is close to that of an upper bound centralised allocation method and considerably better than a random adaptation method.
Uso de la transformada curvelet en el filtrado de mapas de fase

Se presenta una nueva metodoloǵıa de filtrado de mapas de fase utilizando la Transformada Curvelet. El desenvolvimiento de fase es requerido para construir un mapa de fase continuo a partir de un mapa de fase envuelto en áreas como la interferometŕıa óptica, la Interferometŕıa de Radar de Apertura Sintética y la Resonancia Magnética. Sin embargo, al momento de la adquisición de la imagen la presencia de ruido es inevitable. El proceso de la eliminación de ruido se puede convertir en una tarea dif́ıcil de realizar y se requiere de un filtrado para tratar de eliminar la mayor cantidad de información no deseada. La principal ventaja de nuestra propuesta utilizando la transformada Curvelet es que no se requiere una previa estimación de la orientación del mapa de fase; como es el caso de las técnicas de filtrado direccional recientemente reportadas. La técnica presentada, la cual se encuentra aún en desarrollo presenta buenas expectativas en su desempeño para la eliminación de ruido y con un tiempo de procesamiento razonable.
A FLUORESCENCE STUDY OF THE BINDING OF HOECHST 33258 and DAPI TO HALOGENATED DNAs

Abstract— We have studied the time‐resolved and the steady‐state fluorescence of the DNA groove binders 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) and Hoechst 33258 with the double stranded DNAs poly(dA‐dU) and poly(dl‐dC) and their halogenated analogs, poly(dA‐FdU) and poly(dI‐Br5dC). These studies were prompted by earlier observations that the steady‐state fluorescence of Hoechst 33258 is quenched on binding to halogenated DNAs (presumably due to an intermolecular heavy atom effect involving the halogen atom in the major groove), and recent studies which clearly point to a binding site in the minor groove of DNA. Measurements of the time resolved fluorescence decay demonstrate that the fluorescence of Hoechst 33258 is quenched on binding to the halogenated DNAs. in agreement with previous observations. However, quenching studies carried out using the free halogenated bases IdUrd and BrdCyd in solution yielded bimolecular rate constants more than one order of magnitude larger than those expected for an intermolecular heavy atom effect. Moreover, the quenching of the Hoechst 33258 fluorescence was accompanied by an accelerated photochemical destruction of Hoechst 33258. We therefore conclude that the fluorescence quenching observed with halogenated DNAs is probably due to a photochemical reaction involving Hoechst 33258, rather than direct contact of Hoechst 33258 with the halogen substituents in the major groove of the DNA. The fluorescence decay measurements however, do provide clear evidence for at least two different modes of binding. Taking into account the alternating sequences used in this study and the possibility of two different conformations for bound dye, at least four different modes of binding are plausible. Our present data do not allow us to distinguish between these alternatives.
Disassembly activity of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) is associated with distinct cellular processes in apicomplexan parasites

Complementation of a conditional KO of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) in Toxoplasma gondii demonstrates that ADF-dependent actin filament disassembly is essential for parasite development but not for cell motility. Furthermore, trans-genera complementation highlights genus-specific coevolution between ADF proteins and their native actins.