Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SQL to C compiler in 500 lines of code

Abstract We present the design and implementation of a SQL query processor that outperforms existing database systems and is written in just about 500 lines of Scala code – a convincing case study that high-level functional programming can handily beat C for systems-level programming where the last drop of performance matters. The key enabler is a shift in perspective toward generative programming. The core of the query engine is an interpreter for relational-algebra operations, written in Scala. Using the open-source lightweight modular staging framework, we turn this interpreter into a query compiler with very low effort. To do so, we capitalize on an old and widely known result from partial evaluation: the first Futamura projection, which states that a process that can specialize an interpreter to any given input program is equivalent to a compiler. In this context, we discuss lightweight modular staging programming patterns such as mixed-stage data structures (e.g., data records with static schema and dynamic field components) and techniques to generate low-level C code, including specialized data structures and data loading primitives.
NeSyFOLD: Extracting Logic Programs from Convolutional Neural Networks

We present a novel neurosymbolic framework called NeSyFOLD to extract logic rules from a CNN and create a NeSy-FOLD model to classify images. NeSyFOLD’s learning pipeline is as follows: (i) We ﬁrst pre-train a CNN on the input image dataset and extract activations of the last layer kernels as binary values; (ii) Next, we use the FOLD-SE-M rule-based machine learning algorithm to generate a logic program that can classify an image—represented as a vector of binary activations corresponding to each kernel—while producing a logical explanation. The rules generated by the FOLD-SE-M algorithm have kernel numbers as predicates. We have devised a novel algorithm for automatically mapping the CNN kernels to semantic concepts in the images. This mapping is used to replace predicate names (kernel numbers) in the rule-set with corresponding semantic concept labels. The resulting rule-set is interpretable, and can be intuitively understood by humans. We compare our NeSy-FOLD framework with the ERIC system that uses a decision-tree like algorithm to obtain the rules. Our framework has the following advantages over ERIC: (i) In most cases, NeSyFOLD generates smaller rule-sets without compromising on the accuracy and ﬁdelity; (ii) NeSyFOLD generates the mapping of ﬁlter numbers to semantic labels automatically.
Type-based analysis of uncaught exceptions

This paper presents a program analysis to estimate uncaught exceptions in ML programs. This analysis relies on unification-based type inference in a non-standard type system, using rows to approximate both the flow of escaping exceptions (a la effect systems) and the flow of result values (a la control-flow analyses). The resulting analysis is efficient and precise; in particular, arguments carried by exceptions are accurately handled.
Efficient implementations of range trees

Range-trees are a data structure for solving the bi-dimensional orthogonal range query problem: given a set of points in the plane, efficiently find the points which lie inside any given rectangle. This paper gives a complete description of the data structure, and investigates what is the most efficient way to implement it. Methods to improve the performance of the data structure when ran on a multi-core machine are also investigated. The performance of several versions of the structure is analyzed on a practical data set.
Accumulation in Svalbard glaciers deduced from ice cores with nuclear tests and Chernobyl reference layers

Mean net annual balance and the related spatio-temporal variations have been determined on the basis of well-dated artificial layers in shallow ice cores (Chernobyl, 1986, and atmospheric thermonuclear tests, mainly in 1961-62 in Novaya Zemlya). Seventy ice cores from 13 Svalbard glaciers have been analysed. On each glacier, in its accumulation area and at the highest elevation, one ice core was recovered down to about 40 m and sampled for radioactivity measurements to determine the 1986 and 1962-63 layer (1954 was the initial date of the nuclear tests). For each glacier, at least five complementary ice cores from the accumulation area were analysed to determine the Chernobyl reference layer. Six ice cores exhibit both the Chernobyl and nuclear tests layers and are of special interest in this study. This work provides new data on the deposition rates of natural and artificial radioisotopes. Using ice cores samples from the Arctic glaciers, even with superimposed ice accumulation, it is possible to distinguish between the Chernobyl and the nuclear tests fallouts. This work also shows that the mean annual net balance did not significantly change for at least five ice core locations in the Svalbard glaciers for the two periods extending from 1963 to 1986 to the recent date of drilling.
WHU-NERCMS at TRECVID2019: Instance Search Task

This paper presents the framework and results of our participation in the TRECVID 2019 Instance Search task. This year the instance search task aims at retrieving speciﬁc persons doing speciﬁc actions. In fact, this retrieval target can be divided into two parts, that is, person and action retrieval. So we tried two schemes: step retrieval and overall retrieval. On the one hand, we try to get the ﬁnal retrieval results by retrieving the peolple and actions respectively and fusing them later. The advantage of this method lies in the independence of retrieval and the simplicity of later fusing. On the other hand, we try to get the ﬁnal retrieval results by retrieving, tracking speciﬁc people and retrieving their actions. The advantage of this method is that it adopts targeted action retrieval for speciﬁc people to ensure the integrity of retrieval. The two retrieval schemes are complementary. With the proposed methods, our ﬁrst scheme get 0.016 mAP and our second scheme get 0.017 mAP in automatic task according the evaluation, ranks 4 among all instance search teams.
Extracting Semantic Hierarchies From a Large On-Line Dictionary

Dictionaries are rich sources of detailed semantic information, but in order to use the information for natural language processing, it must be organized systematically. This paper describes automatic and semi-automatic procedures for extracting and organizing semantic feature information implicit in dictionary definitions. Two head-finding heuristics are described for locating the genus terms in noun and verb definitions. The assumption is that the genus term represents inherent features of the word it defines. The two heuristics have been used to process definitions of 40,000 nouns and 8,000 verbs, producing indexes in which each genus term is associated with the words it defined. The Sprout program interactively grows a taxonomic "tree" from any specified root feature by consulting the genus index. Its output is a tree in which all of the nodes have the root feature for at least one of their senses. The Filter program uses an inverted form of the genus index. Filtering begins with an initial filter file consisting of words that have a given feature (e.g. [+human]) in all of their senses. The program then locates, in the index, words whose genus terms all appear in the filter file. The output is a list of new words that have the given feature in all of their senses.
A new modeling framework for sea-ice mechanics based on elasto-brittle rheology

Abstract We present a new modeling framework for sea-ice mechanics based on elasto-brittle (EB) behavior. the EB framework considers sea ice as a continuous elastic plate encountering progressive damage, simulating the opening of cracks and leads. As a result of long-range elastic interactions, the stress relaxation following a damage event can induce an avalanche of damage. Damage propagates in narrow linear features, resulting in a very heterogeneous strain field. Idealized simulations of the Arctic sea-ice cover are analyzed in terms of ice strain rates and contrasted to observations and simulations performed with the classical viscous–plastic (VP) rheology. the statistical and scaling properties of ice strain rates are used as the evaluation metric. We show that EB simulations give a good representation of the shear faulting mechanism that accommodates most sea-ice deformation. the distributions of strain rates and the scaling laws of ice deformation are well captured by the EB framework, which is not the case for VP simulations. These results suggest that the properties of ice deformation emerge from elasto-brittle ice-mechanical behavior and motivate the implementation of the EB framework in a global sea-ice model.
Strategic Defense of Feedback-Controlled Parallel Queues against Reliability and Security Failures

Parallel traﬃc service systems such as transportation, manufacturing, and computer systems typically involve feedback control (e.g., dynamic routing) to ensure stability and to improve throughput. Such control relies on connected cyber components for computation and communication. These components are susceptible to random mal-functions and malicious attacks, which motivates the design of strategic defense that are both traﬃc-stabilizing and cost-eﬃcient under reliability/security failures. In this paper, we consider a parallel queuing system with dynamic routing subject to such failures. For the reliability setting, we consider an inﬁnite-horizon Markov decision process where the system operator strategically activates the protection mechanism upon each job arrival based on the traﬃc state. We use Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation to show that the optimal protection strategy is a deterministic threshold policy. For the security setting, we extend the model to an inﬁnite-horizon stochastic game where the attacker strategically manipulates routing assignment. We show that a Markov perfect equilibrium of this game always exists and that both players follow a threshold strategy at each equilibrium. For both settings, we also consider the stability of the traﬃc queues in the face of failures. Finally, we develop approximate dynamic programming algorithms to compute the optimal/equilibrium policies and present numerical examples for validation and illustration.
Compositional model checking of an SDN platform

Software-Defined Network (SDN) technology provides the possibility to turn the network infrastructure into a dynamic programmable fabric capable of meeting the application needs in real-time. Thanks to the independence of the control plane from the data plane, the control entity, generally called as controller, has also the flexibility to implement proprietary complex algorithms. Within such a dynamic and complex environment, this document advocates for applying formal verification methods and more precisely composition model checking to ensure the correct behavior of the overall SDN system at design phase. To illustrate this purpose, it proposes to build different comprehensive formal models of a typical SDN platform selected here as a study object. Thorough performance results related to each model are provided and discussed. Thanks to such formal verifications, it is possible to pinpoint issues such as the one regarding network isolation within a complex SDN architecture. Although dealing with formal methods, this document attempts to strike a balance between theory, experimental work and network architecture discussion.
Large-Batch, Neural Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization

Bayesian optimization provides a powerful framework for global optimization of black-box, expensive-to-evaluate functions. However, it has a limited capacity in handling data-intensive problems, especially in multi-objective settings, due to the poor scalability of default Gaussian Process surrogates. We present a novel Bayesian optimization framework specifically tailored to address these limitations. Our method leverages a Bayesian neural networks approach for surrogate modeling. This enables efficient handling of large batches of data, modeling complex problems, and generating the uncertainty of the predictions. In addition, our method incorporates a scalable, uncertainty-aware acquisition strategy based on the well-known, easy-to-deploy NSGA-II. This fully parallelizable strategy promotes efficient exploration of uncharted regions. Our framework allows for effective optimization in data-intensive environments with a minimum number of iterations. We demonstrate the superiority of our method by comparing it with state-of-the-art multi-objective optimizations. We perform our evaluation on two real-world problems - airfoil design and color printing - showcasing the applicability and efficiency of our approach. Code is available at: https://github.com/an-on-ym-ous/lbn_mobo
Gamma-Ray Burst Beaming: A Universal Configuration with a Standard Energy Reservoir?

We consider a gamma-ray burst (GRB) model based on an anisotropic fireball with an axisymmetric energy distribution of the form ϵ(θ) ∝ θ-k and allow for the observer's viewing direction being at an arbitrary angle θv with respect to the jet axis. This model can reproduce the key features expected from the conventional on-axis uniform jet models, with the novelty being that the achromatic break time in the broadband afterglow light curves corresponds to the epoch during which the relativistic beaming angle is equal to the viewing angle, θv, rather than to the jet half-opening angle, θj. If all the GRB fireballs have such a similar energy distribution form with 1.5 < k ≲ 2, then GRBs may be modeled by a quasi-universal beaming configuration and an approximately standard energy reservoir. This conclusion also holds for some other forms of angular energy distributions, such as the Gaussian function.
Glacial Geology of the Frying Pan River Drainage, Colorado

On the west flank of the Sawatch Range, Colorado, evidence is found for six distinct glacial advances One glaciation is pre-Wisconsin, four are Wisconsin, and one post-Wisconsin in age. In addition to end and lateral moraines of each advance, terrace remnants of six valley trains were identified and studied for a distance of 25 miles along Frying Pan River and its major tributaries. Elevations above stream level of these outwash terraces are 400-450, 90-120, 50-40, 20-30, 12-17, and 6-8 feet. Five of the tributary valleys contained large ice streams which did not join the trunk Frying Pan glacier during the Wisconsin stage. Extensive review and testing of the numerous criteria used to distinguish deposits of multiple glaciations show that nine of these criteria can conveniently be expressed in parameters indicative of relative age. Estimates based on these criteria, coupled with a recent radiocarbon dating of late Mankato till in the Midwest, yield the following approximate ages for deposits of the six glaciations in Frying Pan Valley: 230,000, 63,000, 46,000, 17,000, 11,500, and 5,750 years. The accuracy and reliability of the procedure used cannot be evaluated without further absolute Carbon 14 age determinations.
Pebbles in the Lower Colorado River, Texas a Study in Particle Morphogenesis

The Colorado River in its course from central Texas to the Gulf of Mexico carries quartz, chert, and limestone pebbles which can be traced for distances of up to 270 miles from their source. Limestone is so soft that it reaches its limiting roundness in the first few miles and thereafter undergoes no further increase. Harder quartz rounds much more slowly but eventually attains the same high limiting roundness value as limestone. Chert, being brittle, tends to spall and only rounds slightly downstream. A new and more behavioristic measure of equidimensionality, "maximum projection sphericity," is introduced, and a triangular diagram is proposed for analysis of the equant versus disklike versus rodlike aspect of particles, here termed "form. " It was hoped that, by limiting the study to pebbles 32-64 mm. in length, the effects of grain size might be eliminated; the data show, however, that, even within this narrow range, particle size has a greater effect on sphericity and form than 200 miles of fluvial transport-larger pebbles tend to have lower sphericity and a rodlike form, while smaller ones are more discoidal. Limestone pebbles remain at constant low sphericity because of their bedding and show no significant change with distance. For quartz, pebbles larger than 54 mm. become more rodlike downstream but show little numerical change in sphericity, hence apparently roll like a rolling pin and wear chiefly on the intermediate axis. Quartz pebbles smaller than 38 mm. show a significant downstream increase in sphericity, chiefly by wear on the long axis, and hence must be carried chiefly in saltation where they bounce randomly along the bottom. Surprisingly, chert pebbles larger than 38 mm. show a striking downstream decrease in sphericity and become more bladed by diminution of the short axis, apparently by preferential splitting parallel with the bedding; but chert pebbles smaller than 38 mm. increase in sphericity in the same manner as do small quartz pebbles. For both quartz and chert, pebbles near the source have similar sphericity and form regardless of size; since large and small sizes wear by opposite mechanisms, there is increasing divergence in sphericity andform between large and small pebbles as they are traced farther from their source. Detailed analysis of the polymodal sphericity frequency distributions reveals the apparent existence of remarkably constant discrete sphericity populations for each rock type. Furthermore, for all rock types the intermediate axis tends to measure very close to halfway between the long and short axes-hence there is a dominance of bladed forms; this is true even for limestone, in which discoidal forms are but slightly more abundant than rodlike forms. Analysis of mean form on the triangular diagram seems to be the most powerful weapon available to attack the problem of particle abrasion. This study shows that sphericity depends most importantly on the inherent abrasional properties of the different rock types, is strongly a function of size as well as distance, and is but little affected by selective sorting.
Electronic imaging: a tool for the reconstruction of faded color photographs and color movies

A method to restore faded color materials by digital image processing is presented. The algorithms used for the reconstruction are based on photographic experiments, i.e., on accelerated fading tests of various photographic materials. The densities of the original and the faded materials were measured. Based on this data, a mathematical model for fading can be described by a linear equation. The faded image is digitized using a scanner of high spatial and photometric resolution. For good spectral resolution, channel separations are done with narrow- band interference filters. The original colors are reconstructed by applying the inverse of the facing equation. The corrected image is exposed with a high-resolution film recorder on color film. The method shows good results for color slides, prints, and 16 mm movies.
The IIASA database for mean monthly values of temperature

A fluid device of the axial piston type having high and low pressure operating passages, one of which may be an inlet and the other an outlet depending upon the pumping or motoring function of the device and the direction of rotation. The fluid device, which is of the variable displacement type, has a rotatable cylinder barrel with one end of each of a plurality of pistons disposed for reciprocation within cylinder bores at one end of the cylinder barrel, and cylinder ports successively communicating each of the cylinder bores with arcuate inlet and outlet passages formed in a valving face disposed at the opposite end of the cylinder barrel. The other ends of the pistons engage a pivotably mounted thrust plate adapted to impart a reciprocal movement to the pistons within the cylinder bores as the cylinder barrel is rotated. In one example of the invention, the thrust plate is provided with a coupling mechanism adapted to be operated by any one of a plurality of interchangeable displacement control mechanisms which vary the inclination of the thrust plate with respect to the axis of rotation of the cylinder barrel and thus the amount of reciprocal movement of the pistons within the cylinder barrel. The device is adapted to be converted into a manifold system adapted to accommodate a plurality of valves with a minimum of external fluid conduits.
Enigmatic spiny‐rayed fish from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy

A new genus and species of percomorph fish, Pietschellus aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Eocene (Ypresian) micritic limestone of the Monte Postale site of the Monte Bolca locality, northern Italy. This new percomorph taxon is based on a single well‐preserved nearly complete specimen that exhibits a unique combination of features. A detailed comparative analysis indicates that Pietschellus possibly was a benthic fish which shares several character states with certain lophiiform, callionymoid, trachinoid, blennioid, pterygocephalid, cottoid and scorpaenoid taxa. Most of these shared character states, however, are reductive and seem to be related to the convergent benthic lifestyle and/or to the relative elongation of the body, being the product of parallel or convergent evolution. Therefore, the present evidence does not favour any sister‐group relationship and, as a consequence, Pietschellus is placed as incertae sedis within the percomorph fishes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural contamination by As and heavy metals in soil, their bio-accumulation and potential sources: the case of a travertine limestone quarry, Greece

The first mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the travertine limestone, soil and corresponding plants associated with the Neogene basin of Varnavas, NE Attica, revealed a significant enrichment in the metalloid As. The total concentrations of As ranged from 61 to 210 ppm in limestone and 33 to 430 ppm in the associated soil demonstrating a wide variation of values. Calcite is a common authigenic mineral within travertine limestone, forming fine uniform micritic aggregates, having As and Mg concentrations lower than detection limits of EDS analysis. Clastic dominated minerals are quartz (both fine- and coarse-grained), muscovite, clinochlore, illite, pyrite, galena, arsenides, rutile, sphene, zircon, REE-minerals and albite. Goethite and Fe-Mn-oxides occur between calcite grains. The presence of fossilized micro organisms, resembling foraminifera, in travertine limestone combined with hydrous Fe-Mn-oxides, suggests a possible marine transgression during the evolution of the basin.The As content in plants ranges from 1.1 to 28 ppm As in shoots, and 0.8 to 114 ppm As in roots. The translocation factor, which is defined as the ratio of metal concentration in the shoots to the roots, is relatively low (average 0.33%) suggesting that the internal transport of metals from the roots to shoots was restricted. The bioaccumulation factor, which is defined as the ratio of metal concentration in the plants to that in soil, exhibits a wide range from relatively low (5.2–9.0% for As, Fe, Cr, Ni and Pb), much higher (56–67% for Cu and Zn) and exceptionally high (160% for Mo). A significant correlation between the translocation factors for Fe and As may confirm that Fe-Mn oxides/hydroxides represent the major sorbing agents for As in soils. The presented data, due to As contamination in travertine limestone, soil and plants, suggest a potential environmental risk not only for that part of Greece but in general for similar depositional environments.