Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Utilization Potential of Rice Husk as an Alternative Energy Source for Power Plants in Indonesia

The utilization of rice husk as an alternative fuel for the power plant in Indonesia is still under study. In present, steam power plants in Indonesia are still using coal fuel. This study was conducted to obtain data on the development potential of rice husk within 12 years duration. The potential of rice husk for each province was obtained by analyzing the rice production of 22 provinces that have rice production greater than 1 million tons per year. The study shows that the potential of rice husk and potential electrical energy increased by about 36.8% within 12 years or an average increase of around 3.1% per year. For the potential of rice husk in 22 provinces, the total gain was estimated 12.76 × 106 tons which is equivalent to 6.62 × 106 tons of coal or equivalent to 3.68 × 106 tons of oil. The available capacity of power plants is around 5,664 MW with the potential of electric energy is around 49,622 GWh. This potential is equivalent to 50% of the energy needs of coal in Indonesia in 2011, which was about 99,312 GWh. In conclusion, rice husk is indeed potential to be used as an alternative fuel in power plants thanks to its increasing yearly production and ability for distribution to all provinces in Indonesia.
One-click lattice extraction from near-regular texture

We present a method for extracting a lattice from near-regular texture. Our method demands minimal user intervention, needing a single mouse click to select a typical texton. The algorithm follows a four-step approach. First, an estimate of texton size is obtained by considering the spacing of peaks in the auto-correlation of the texture. Second, a sample of the image around the user-selected texton is correlated with the image. Third, the resulting correlation surface is converted to a map of potential texton centres using non-maximal suppression. Finally, the maxima are formed into a graph by connecting potential texton centres. We have found the method robust in the face of significant changes in pixel intensity and geometric structure between textons.
Electrophysiological Signature of Homomeric and Heteromeric Glycine Receptor Channels*

Glycine receptors are chloride-permeable, ligand-gated ion channels and contribute to the inhibition of neuronal firing in the central nervous system or to facilitation of neurotransmitter release if expressed at presynaptic sites. Recent structure-function studies have provided detailed insights into the mechanisms of channel gating, desensitization, and ion permeation. However, most of the work has focused only on comparing a few isoforms, and among studies, different cellular expression systems were used. Here, we performed a series of experiments using recombinantly expressed homomeric and heteromeric glycine receptor channels, including their splice variants, in the same cellular expression system to investigate and compare their electrophysiological properties. Our data show that the current-voltage relationships of homomeric channels formed by the α2 or α3 subunits change upon receptor desensitization from a linear to an inwardly rectifying shape, in contrast to their heteromeric counterparts. The results demonstrate that inward rectification depends on a single amino acid (Ala254) at the inner pore mouth of the channels and is closely linked to chloride permeation. We also show that the current-voltage relationships of glycine-evoked currents in primary hippocampal neurons are inwardly rectifying upon desensitization. Thus, the alanine residue Ala254 determines voltage-dependent rectification upon receptor desensitization and reveals a physio-molecular signature of homomeric glycine receptor channels, which provides unprecedented opportunities for the identification of these channels at the single cell level.
Status report: software reusability

It is argued that the problem with software engineering is not a lack of reuse, but a lack of widespread, systematic reuse. The reuse research community is focusing on formalizing reuse because it recognizes that substantial quality and productivity payoffs will be achieved only if reuse is conducted systematically and formally. The history of reuse, which is characterized by this struggle to formalize in a setting where pragmatic problems are the norm and fast informal solutions usually take precedence, is reviewed. Several reuse methods are discussed. <<ETX>>
An argument-principle-based framework for structural and spectral characteristics in linear dynamical systems

ABSTRACT By means of the argument principle in complex analysis, the paper proposes a novel complex geometric framework about structural features in terms of controllability/observability and stability/stabilisability, and spectral ones in terms of bounded/positive realness for transfer functions in linear dynamical systems. The proposed criteria render alternative complex/frequency-domain interpretations about the structural and spectral essentials. Moreover, the criteria are implementable graphically with locus plotting, independent of singularities distribution, locus orientation specification, singularity-related locus encirclement counting and prior frequency sweeping; the criteria are also utilisable numerically via complex argument increment integration without locus plotting, independent of iterative algorithms. In either ways, the criteria are numerically tractable and opt for robustness analysis and synthesis. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the main results.
Entorhinal cortex of the rat: Organization of intrinsic connections

Two sets of experiments were carried out to examine the organization of associational connections within the rat entorhinal cortex. First, a comprehensive analysis of the areal and laminar distribution of intrinsic projections was performed by using the anterograde tracers Phaseolus vulgaris–leuocoagglutinin (PHA‐L) and biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). Second, retrograde tracers were injected into the dentate gyrus and PHA‐L and BDA were injected into the entorhinal cortex to determine the extent to which entorhinal neurons that project to different septotemporal levels of the dentate gyrus are linked by intrinsic connections.
What to do about psychological distress in emergency department senior house officers ?

LETTERS If you have a burning desire to respond to a paper published in EMJ, why not make use of our ''rapid response'' option? Log on to our web site (www.emjonline. com), find the paper that interests you, and send your response via email by clicking on the ''eLetters option in the box at the top right hand corner. Providing it isn't libellous or obscene, it will be posted within seven days. You can retrieve it by clicking on ''Read eLetters'' on our homepage. The editors will decide as before whether to also publish it in a futher print issue. What to do about psychological distress in emergency department senior house officers? The article by McPherson et a 1 generates some interesting questions concerning disproportionately high levels of psychological distress among emergency department senior house officers (SHOs). The combination of shift work, a challenging working environment, broad case mix, and newly acquired decision latitude may explain the findings. We did have some reservations about the article. We are unfamiliar with the general health questionnaire (GHQ) and brief COPE questionnaire. A more detailed description and explanation of terms would have been valuable. We felt that SHOs on nights (if not those on holiday) should have been included to reduce sample bias. Confining the study to units based in district general hospitals raises questions regarding generalisation. It would have been interesting to know the degree of shop floor senior cover in the units studied, and to examine whether this influenced distress levels. How can we apply this useful work to our own practice? If we acknowledge the core finding, and accept that there is a problem among our junior colleagues, we then need to ask whether intervention is required. SHOs are required to have regular contact with a consultant supervisor, but there is potential tension between the roles of supervision, and support. Formal mentoring schemes offer an alternative, but their value in the emergency department has been questioned. 2 It may be that the best way to support SHOs is to be aware of their potential vulnerability to psychological distress, and to encourage a team based and pastoral atmosphere within our departments. This will permit doctors recognising a need for support to seek it out for themselves, from people who they feel are appropriate for the problem in hand. This is the approach we have, in the past, taken within our own …
Healing performance on concrete under mode i fracture by ultrasonic testing using embedded transducers, acoustic emission and digital image correlation method

Crack formation is the main cause of concrete mechanical properties degradation. Autonomous self-healing (i.e.SH) encapsulation systems promise material recovery by filling the cracks with healing agent (providing healing and sealing). The cracking of concrete elements is experimentally investigated by mode-I failure tests in small-dimensioned concrete beams subjected to three-point bending tests. The perplexing fracture process phenomena require an advanced monitoring system. In this study, an optical method (i.e. Digital Image Correlation- DIC), Acoustic Emission (i.e. AE) and an ultrasonic wave propagation technique based on embedded piezoelectric transducers, are combined in order to evaluate the crack formation and opening of three concrete beams in which embedded SH encapsulated system is applied. The loading is applied in two stages. The initial loading is responsible for the crack initiation and formation as well as for the SH capsules breakage. After the healing agent is released and dried, the concrete samples are reloaded. The DIC technique calculates the crack opening and visualizes the crack formation and propagation path. In parallel, the features extracted by the AE technique quantify the fracture process at different loading stages and detect the regions in which healing occurs by indicating the SH capsule breakage. Finally, a few couples of low-cost PZT transducers based on the concept of Smart Aggregates (i.e. SMAGs) are embedded in the concrete beams for the estimation of the state of damage. Incorporation of the aforementioned fracture analysis provides a full-field view of concrete failure performance and is the keystone to characterize healing performance.
Coupling application design and user interface design

Building an interactive application involves the design of both a data model and a graphical user interface (GUI) to present that model to the user. These two design activities are typically approached as separate tasks and are frequently undertaken by different individuals or groups. Our apporach eliminated redundant specification work by generating an interface directly from the data model itself. An inference engine using style rules for selecting and placing GUI controls (i.e., widgets) is integrated with an interface design tool to generate a user interface definition. This approach allows a single data model to be mapped onto multiple GUI's by substituting the appropriate rule set and thus represents a step toward a GUI-independent run-time layout facility.
Variable temperature structural study of bismuth lead vanadate, BiPb2VO6

At room temperature, monoclinic BiPb2VO6 is a polar, noncentrosymmetric, second harmonic generation active material and its crystal structure is among the more complex to be solved ab initio from powder diffraction data. In its stability range, BiPb2VO6 also exists in a high symmetry, orthorhombic form. Both phases have been structurally characterized by a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Their mutual relationship, as well as that to the known compounds of the BiM2AO6 (M = Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and A = P, V, As) family, has been established.
Long-Term X-Ray Variability in GX 13+1: Energy-dependent Periodic Modulation

A search is made for periodic modulation in the X-ray flux from the low-mass X-ray binary GX 13+1 using Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer All Sky Monitor data collected over a period of almost 7 yr. From a filtered data set, which excludes measurements with exceptionally large error bars and so maximizes signal-to-noise ratio, modulation is found at a period of 24.065 ± 0.018 days. The modulation is most clearly detectable at high energies (5-12 keV). Spectral changes are revealed as a modulation in hardness ratio on the 24 day period, and there is a phase shift between the modulation in the 5-12 keV energy band and the 1.5-5 keV band. The high-energy spectrum of GX 13+1 is unusual in displaying both emission and absorption iron line features, and it is speculated that the peculiar spectral and timing properties may be connected.
Deformable Map Matching for Uncertain Loop-Less Maps

In the classical context of robotic mapping and localization, map matching is typically defined as the task of finding a rigid transformation (i.e., 3DOF rotation/translation on the 2D moving plane) that aligns the query and reference maps built by mobile robots. This definition is valid in loop-rich trajectories that enable a mapper robot to close many loops, for which precise maps can be assumed. The same cannot be said about the newly emerging autonomous navigation and driving systems, which typically operate in loop-less trajectories that have no large loop (e.g., straight paths). In this paper, we propose a solution that overcomes this limitation by merging the two maps. Our study is motivated by the observation that even when there is no large loop in either the query or reference map, many loops can often be obtained in the merged map. We add two new aspects to map matching: (1) image retrieval with discriminative deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) features, which efficiently generates a small number of good initial alignment hypotheses; and (2) map merge, which jointly deforms the two maps to minimize differences in shape between them. To realize practical computation time, we also present a preemption scheme that avoids excessive evaluation of useless map-matching hypotheses. To verify our approach experimentally, we created a novel collection of uncertain loop-less maps by utilizing the recently published North Campus Long-Term (NCLT) dataset and its ground-truth GPS data. The results obtained using these map collections confirm that our approach improves on previous map-matching approaches.
An Algorithm for GPS Anti-Jamming Based on Improved FastICA

In the practical environment, it is difficult for the user receiver to get DOA information of GPS signals in advance. In this paper, on the basis of blind source separation (BSS) theory, a signal-separation-based GPS anti- interference algorithm is proposed. In accordance with BSS process modes, wavelet denoising algorithm is first adopted to restrain the influence of noise on separation algorithm. Then, improved FastICA separation algorithm is adopted to separate the mixed signals. Finally, secondary wavelet denoising algorithm is used to restrain the amplified noise and GPS signal anti-interference is realized. The test shows that: the anti-interference algorithm proposed in this paper is effective. Under the same SNR, the algorithm has better anti-interference effect than traditional separation.
Evaluation of S/D Resistance (RSD) and Strain Scalability by Mechanical-bending Approach

A simple yet effective approach for the extraction of source/drain (S/D) series resistance RSD using mechanical four-point bending is presented. This new approach can be used to extract the RSD of each device disregarding its channel length. According to the results, the benefits of RSD reduction become more prominent in shorter channel devices. Further analysis reveals that the strain-induced enhancement is suppressed in shorter channel devices than longer channel ones due to higher channel doping necessitated by short-channel control.
Point and density forecasts of US inflation using probabilistic fuzzy systems

Probabilistic fuzzy system (PFS) combines a linguistic description of the system behaviour with statistical properties of data. In this paper, we propose a multi-covariate multi-output PFS for explaining and forecasting quarterly US inflation data, which shows different patterns over time such as inflation level and volatility changes. An application of a PFS to model inflation was not considered in the literature. An important aspect in inflation forecasting for macroeconomic policy makers and financial institutions is obtaining accurate forecasts for the complete inflation density together with point forecasts of inflation. We present the first PFS application where estimation and forecasting capability of PFS is assessed based on point and density forecasts. The proposed PFS model is used to forecast one, four and eight quarters ahead inflation levels and densities. Additional information provided by the different interpretations of the PFS model is used to analyse changing inflation patterns over time. The linguistic description of PFS is particularly important for the input variables which depend individuals judgement and perception. It is found that the proposed model provides accurate point and density forecasts for US inflation. In addition, changing patterns in inflation density are captured by the proposed model.
Combining Knowledge Acquisition and Machine Learning to Control Dynamic Systems

This paper presents an interactive method for building a controller for dynamic systems by using a combination of knowledge acquisition and machine learning techniques. The aim is to build the controller by acquiring the knowledge of an operator skilled at that task. This method has been demonstrated for the skill of learning to f i l l an aircraft in a flight simulator. The simulator has been augmented to interact with a knowledge acquisition program for creating rules and logging the pilot's actions along with fl ight information. We have developed a method called Dynamic Ripple Down Rules for knowledge acquisition and Learning Dynamic Ripple Down Rules for automatically generating rules from the logged data. The rules were tested by running the flight simulator in autopilot mode where the autopilot code is implemented by the rules.
DIY Prosthetics Workshops: ‘critical making’ for public understanding of human augmentation

We reflect on our ongoing series of DIY Prosthetics Workshops intended to engage the public in critical discourse about technology and human augmentation through engagement with prosthetics. The goal of these workshops is to enhance understanding of prosthetic technologies through both conceptual and material exploration. We describe our efforts to capture the makings of our workshop in an open, modifiable “kit” comprising “three Ps:” prompts for reflection, parts for construction, and publics for participation.
Cerebral Blood Flow in Immediate and Sustained Anxiety

The goal of this study was to compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes associated with phasic cued fear versus those associated with sustained contextual anxiety. Positron emission tomography images of CBF were acquired using [O-15]H2O in 17 healthy human subjects as they anticipated unpleasant electric shocks that were administered predictably (signaled by a visual cue) or unpredictably (threatened by the context). Presentation of the cue in either threat condition was associated with increased CBF in the left amygdala. A cue that specifically predicted the shock was associated with CBF increases in the ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC), hypothalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, left insula, and bilateral putamen. The sustained threat context increased CBF in the right hippocampus, mid-cingulate gyrus, subgenual PFC, midbrain periaqueductal gray, thalamus, bilateral ventral striatum, and parieto-occipital cortex. This study showed distinct neuronal networks involved in cued fear and contextual anxiety underlying the importance of this distinction for studies on the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders.
Reasoning on regular path queries

Current information systems are required to deal with more complex data with respect to traditional relational data. The database community has already proposed abstractions for these kinds of data, in particular in terms of semistructured data models. A semistructured model conceives a database essentially as a finite directed labeled graph whose nodes represent objects, and whose edges represent relationships between objects. In the same way as conjunctive queries form the core of any query language for the relational model, regular path queries (RPQs) and their variants are considered the basic querying mechanisms for semistructured data.Besides the basic task of query answering, i.e., evaluating a query over a database, databases should support other reasoning services related to querying. One of the most important is query containment, i.e., verifying whether for all databases the answer to a query is a subset of the answer to a second query. Another important reasoning service that has received considerable attention in the recent years is view-based query processing, which amounts to processing queries based on a set of materialized views, rather than on the raw data in the database.The goal of this paper is to describe basic results and techniques concerning query containment and view based query processing for the class of two-way regular-path queries (which extend RPQs with the inverse operator). We will demonstrate that the basic services for reasoning about two way regular path queries are decidable, thus showing that the limited form of recursion expressible by these queries does not endanger the decidability of reasoning. Besides the specific results, our methods show the power of two-way automata in reasoning on complex queries.
Highly Efficient Solar-Driven Photothermal Performance in Au-Carbon Core-Shell Nanospheres

Optical absorptions, electron–phonon interactions, and thermal conductances at the interface are the key factors for excellent photothermal (PT) agents. To simultaneously enhance them, Au-cored carbon nanospheres show high photothermal energy conversion efficiency. A broadband enhancement in optical absorption is acquired by broadening the size distribution of the Au cores, and hot electron–phonon interactions are reinforced through plasmon–phonon couplings. The conversion efficiency of the composites is found to be as high as 33.84%, which is improved by 73.8 and 405% compared to the pure carbon spheres and Au nanoparticles (NP), respectively. The Au-carbon core-shell nanospheres, acting as a general design of solar-driven photothermal agent, have a unique property of effectively heating of bulk surroundings, and they can be extensively applied to solar-driven energy and sustainable development in the future.