Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Motivational Brain: Effects of Implicit Power Motivation on Brain Activation in Response to Facial Expressions of Emotion

This study tested the hypothesis that implicit power motivation (nPower), in interaction with power incentives, influences activation of brain systems mediating motivation. Twelve individuals low (lowest quartile) and 12 individuals high (highest quartile) in nPower, as assessed per content coding of picture stories, were selected from a larger initial participant pool and participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study during which they viewed high-dominance (angry faces), low-dominance (surprised faces) and control stimuli (neutral faces, gray squares) under oddball-task conditions. Consistent with hypotheses, high-power participants showed stronger activation in response to emotional faces in brain structures involved in emotion and motivation (insula, dorsal striatum, orbitofrontal cortex) than low-power participants. McClelland et al. (1989) distinguished between two fundamentally different motivational systems. The explicit moti-vational system represents individuals' self-attributed (or explicit) motives, that is, motivational orientations and goals that people ascribe to themselves, that they can verbally report on and that give rise to controlled forms of behavior. The implicit motivational system represents individuals' implicit motives, that is, motivational dispositions that operate outside of people's conscious awareness and that orient, select and energize spontaneous forms of behavior. McClelland et al. (1989) furthermore argued that implicit motives are mediated by brain areas subserving motivation and the autonomic nervous system. Given the growing body of evidence for an involvement of implicit motives in hormone release (e. Schultheiss, in press), which is under control of motivational brain structures such as the amygdala and the hypothalamus, and the increasing evidence from biopsychology and the neurosciences for separate brain systems for automatic moti-vational processes and effortful control of action (e. Lieberman et al., 2004), these claims appear to have merit. What is missing until this day, though, is a direct linking of implicit motives to brain structures critically involved in motivation. In the present paper, we aim to fill this gap by exploring how individual differences in the implicit need for power (or nPower) influence activation in motivational brain structures in response to social dominance cues. THE NEED FOR POWER nPower represents a capacity to derive pleasure from having physical, mental or emotional impact on other individuals or groups of individuals and, conversely, to experience the impact of others on oneself as aversive (Veroff and Veroff, 1972; Winter, 1973; Schultheiss et al., 2005b). nPower is usually assessed with the Picture Story Exercise (PSE). On the PSE, research participants write imaginative stories about ambiguous picture cues. Stories are …
A Dual-Band Low Noise Amplifier in Enhancement-mode GaAs pHEMT Technology

This paper describes a dual-bands low noise amplifier design for WCDMA and WiMAX applications. The low-noise amplifier (LNA) is implemented with the proposed dual-band matching network that consists of a high-pass and low-pass ladder. The LNA is fabricated in 0.5 um enhancement- mode pHEMT (E-mode pHEMT) technology for high linearity and low noise application. The measured noise figures (NF) and insertion gains (S21) are 1.2 dB and 16.1 dB at WCDMA band, 1.45 dB and 15.1 dB at WiMAX band. With 3-V supply voltage and 28.8-mW power consumption, the input third order intercept points (IIP3) are 6.5 dBm and 8.9 dBm for WCDMA and WiMAX, respectively.
What Happened to the Context? Extending the Integrated Model of Entertainment Consumption by Embedding it in its Social and Technological Context

When studying psychological effects of mass media, the context shaping the entertainment experience is often neglected. Yet, to be able to understand the entertainment experience as a whole, it is necessary to acknowledge the highly intertwined nature of social situation, technology and content. Thus, as repeatedly demanded by entertainment researchers, this paper is integrating the users’ choice between different sources of need satisfaction, enjoyment of social situations of reception, technology affinity, motivations and demographics in a media psychological model without closing the door on quantitative testing. The extended model is validated in an online study (N=594). We show, that the choice for a medium is influenced by the user’s enjoyment of the social situation in which the reception is supposed to take place as well as by the user’s technological affinity. Likewise, the choice for an entertainment offer is shaped by the user’s dominantly hedonic or eudaimonic motivations.
Renal Tubular Drug Transporters

The kidney plays an important role in the elimination of numerous hydrophilic xenobiotics, including drugs, toxins, and endogenous compounds. It has developed high-capacity transport systems to prevent urinary loss of filtered nutrients, as well as electrolytes, and simultaneously to facilitate tubular secretion of a wide range of organic ions. Transport systems for organic anions and cations are primarily involved in the secretion of drugs in renal tubules. The identification and characterization of organic anion and cation transporters have been progressing at the molecular level. To date, many members of the organic anion transporter, organic cation transporter, and organic anion-transporting polypeptide families have been found to mediate the transport of diverse organic ions. It has also been suggested that ATP-dependent primary active transporters such as MDR1/P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance-associated protein family function as efflux pumps of renal tubular cells for more hydrophobic molecules and anionic conjugates. Tubular reabsorption of peptide-like drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics across the brush-border membranes appears to be mediated by two distinct H+/peptide cotransporters: PEPT1 and PEPT2. Renal disposition of drugs occurs through interaction with these diverse secretory and absorptive transporters in renal tubules. Studies of the functional characteristics, such as substrate specificity and transport mechanisms, and of the localization of drug transporters could provide information regarding the cellular network involved in renal handling of drugs. Detailed information concerning molecular and cellular aspects of drug transporters expressed in the kidney has facilitated studies of the mechanisms underlying renal disposition as well as transporter-mediated drug interactions.
How teachers teach and students learn: Successful strategies for school

This paper examines how particular teaching and learning strategies are related to student performance on specific PISA test questions, particularly mathematics questions. The report compares teacher-directed instruction and memorisation learning strategies, at the traditional ends of the teaching and learning spectrums, and student-oriented instruction and elaboration learning strategies, at the opposite ends. Other teaching strategies, such as formative assessment and cognitive activation, and learning approaches, such as control strategies, are also analysed. Our analyses suggest that to perform at the top, students cannot rely on memory alone; they need to approach mathematics strategically and creatively to succeed in the most complex problems. There is also some evidence that most teaching strategies have a role to play in the classroom. To varying degrees, students need to learn from teachers, be informed about their progress and work independently and collaboratively; above all, they need to be constantly challenged. Ce document examine le lien entre certaines strategies d’enseignement et d’apprentissage, et la performance des eleves dans certains items de l’evaluation PISA, en particulier en mathematiques. Il compare d’un cote (traditionnel), les strategies d’instruction dirigee par l’enseignant et d’apprentissage par memorisation, et de l’autre (a l’autre extremite du spectre), les strategies d’instruction centree sur l’eleve et d’apprentissage par elaboration. D’autres strategies d’enseignement, telles que l’evaluation formative et l’activation cognitive, et approches de l’apprentissage, telles que les strategies de controle, sont egalement examinees. Nos analyses semblent indiquer que pour etre parmi les plus performants, les eleves ne peuvent pas compter uniquement sur leurs capacites de memorisation ; pour reussir a resoudre les problemes les plus complexes, ils doivent avoir une approche strategique et creative des mathematiques. En outre, certains resultats indiquent que la plupart des strategies d’enseignement ont un role a jouer en classe. A des degres divers, les eleves doivent apprendre de leurs enseignants, etre informes de leurs progres et travailler seuls ou en groupe ; mais avant tout, ils doivent se sentir stimules en permanence.
A second order primal-dual algorithm for nonsmooth convex composite optimization

We develop a second order primal-dual algorithm for nonsmooth convex composite optimization problems in which the objective function is given by the sum of a twice dif-ferentiable term and a possibly non-differentiable regularizer. After introducing an auxiliary variable, we utilize the proximal operator of the nonsmooth regularizer to transform the associated augmented Lagrangian into a continuously differentiable function, the proximal augmented Lagrangian. We employ a generalization of the Jacobian to define second order updates on this function which locally converge quadratically/superlinearly to the optimal solution. We then use a merit function to develop a customized algorithm in which the search direction can be computed efficiently for large values of the regularization parameter. Finally, we illustrate the utility of our method using the l\-regularized least squares problem.
Term Aggregation: Mining Synonymous Expressions using Personal Stylistic Variations

We present a text mining method for finding synonymous expressions based on the distributional hypothesis in a set of coherent corpora. This paper proposes a new methodology to improve the accuracy of a term aggregation system using each author's text as a coherent corpus. Our approach is based on the idea that one person tends to use one expression for one meaning. According to our assumption, most of the words with similar context features in each author's corpus tend not to be synonymous expressions. Our proposed method improves the accuracy of our term aggregation system, showing that our approach is successful.
CRM197 in Combination With shRNA Interference of VCAM‐1 Displays Enhanced Inhibitory Effects on Human Glioblastoma Cells

CRM197 is a naturally nontoxic diphtheria toxin mutant that binds and inhibits heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor. CRM197 serves as carrier protein for vaccine and other therapeutic agents. CRM197 also inhibits the growth, migration, invasion, and induces apoptosis in various tumors. Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) is an important cell surface adhesion molecule associated with malignancy of gliomas. In this work, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of CRM197 combined with shRNA interference of VCAM‐1 (shRNA‐VCAM‐1) on the migration, invasion, and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. U87 and U251 human glioblastoma cells were treated with CRM197 (10 µg/ml) and shRNA interfering technology was employed to silence VCAM‐1 expression. Cell viability, migration, invasiveness, and apoptosis were assessed with CCK8, Transwell and Annexin V‐PE/7‐AAD staining. Activation of cleaved caspase‐3, 8, and 9, activity of matrix metalloproteinase‐2/9 (MMP‐2/9), and expression of phosphorylated Akt (p‐Akt) were also checked. Results showed that CRM197 and shRNA‐VCAM‐1 not only significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, but also promoted the apoptosis of U87 and U251 cells. Combined treatment of both displayed enhanced inhibitory effects on the malignant biological behavior of glioma cells. The activation of cleaved caspase‐3, 8, 9 was promoted, activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 and expression of p‐Akt were inhibited significantly by the treatment of CRM197 and shRNA‐VCAM‐1 alone or in combination, indicating that the combination of CRM197 with shRNA‐VCAM‐1 additively inhibited the malignant behavior of human glioblastoma cells via activating caspase‐3, 8, 9 as well as inhibiting MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and Akt pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1713–1728, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential Returns to the Australian Sheep and Wool Industries from Effective R & D and Promotion Investments and their Sensitivities to Assumed Elasticity Values

In recent years, Australian sheepmeat and wool producers have been exposed to more volatile and less secure market environments, placing greater pressure on producer-funded investments to be efficient and profitable. Knowledge about the size and distribution of the potential returns from alternative broad types of R&D and promotion investments permit strategic-level decisions about resource allocation, both within and across research programs. This is particularly important for the Australian sheepmeat and wool industries because they are characterised by strong crosscommodity relationships due to the joint product nature of the industries. Mounter et al. (2007) developed an equilibrium displacement model (EDM) of the Australian sheepmeat and wool industries to account for these relationships and any indirect benefits and costs arising from spillover and feedback effects between the industries as a result of research-induced innovation or promotion. However, the values for many of the economic parameters in the EDM had to be specified subjectively due to the absence of relevant empirical estimates. Uncertainty about true parameter values raises concerns over the robustness of the results generated from the EDM. In this paper we use the EDM to estimate the potential annual returns and their distribution among the various industry sectors for nine hypothetical investment scenarios. Initially, the EDM is solved for the base set of parameter values. A formal stochastic sensitivity analysis is then undertaken to account for the uncertain parameter values in the model. The results were found to be relatively robust to different parameter values, indicating that the model as specified provides a credible framework to estimate and compare the potential impacts from new technologies, generic promotions and other industry changes in a consistent way. Returns to the Australian sheep and wool industries from effective R&D and Promotion Investments Mounter et al., AAR – Vol.16 (2008) – Paper 1 Returns to Australian sheep and wool industries from effective R&D and Promotion investments 2
Contextual Knowledge in Three Dimensional Computer Aided Design (3D CAD) Modeling: A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework

It has been observed that currently in institute of higher learning, Computer Aided Design systems have been taught in different disciplines with different focuses. Computer Aided Design software has been the prime tool to support Mechanical Engineering courses in higher institution throughout the world. As the technology changes rapidly, instructors must also keep the focus on the curriculum of the particular knowledge and skills that are required by industries. In order to create a new paradigm in the product development process, knowledge embedded inside individual cognitive play an important role in the achievement of competencies in Three Dimensional Computer Aided Design modeling system. Contextual knowledge is one of the basic knowledge involved in the individual cognitive development and it has been identified as one of the key capabilities for engineering students. This paper presents a review of literature on the perspectives of fundamental contextual knowledge from different disciplines and its applicability in Three Dimensional Computer Aided Design modeling. The related perspectives then will be used to guide the researcher to propose a new framework of contextual knowledge in Three Dimensional Computer Aided Design modeling. The findings of this study may enhance the understanding of the conceptual framework and essential contextual knowledge elements in Three Dimensional Computer Aided Design modeling systems. This paper helps inform the engineering education community about the presence of contextual knowledge in the Three Dimensional Computer Aided Design modeling in order to assist students to become a capable engineer.
A privacy preserving repository for securing data across the cloud

Popularity of cloud computing is increasing day by day in distributed computing environment. There is a growing trend of using cloud environments for storage and data processing needs. Cloud computing is an Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand. However, adopting a cloud computing paradigm may have positive as well as negative effects on the data security of service consumers. This paper primarily highlights some major security issues existing in current cloud computing environments. The primary issue that has to be dealt with when talking about data security in a cloud is protection of the data. The idea is to construct a privacy preserving repository where data sharing services can update and control the access and limit the usage of their shared data, instead of submitting data to central authorities, and, hence, the repository will promote data sharing and privacy of data. This paper aims at simultaneously achieving data confidentiality while still keeping the harmonizing relations intact in the cloud. Our proposed scheme enables the data owner to delegate most of computation intensive tasks to cloud servers without disclosing data contents or user access privilege information.
Learning Quality in Senegal: Children Performance Determinants

This study aims to find out the determinants of children’s academic performance aged from 6 to18 years in Senegal. This work was made possible through the Jangandoo survey on the quality of learning (2013) implemented by the LARTES which covered 5,000 households in the 14 regions. The barometer provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental acquisitions of children in literacy, numeracy and general knowledge and covered 15,277 children. The methodological approach for this study is based on a logistic regression. The data used come from 1500 observations of children academic performance linking with their households backgrounds and schools physical conditions. The results show that the children academic performance are determinate by the households living standards characteristics, specifically the education level of household head, gender, activity status, and child sex. Original Research Article Dramani and Ndiaye; BJESBS, 6(4): 313-334, 2015; Article no.BJESBS. 2015.064 314 Factors related to the child's learning are also determinants. This is among other, schools physical conditions, teaching methods, lessons contents, textbooks use and institutions management.
Molecular Evolution of the Human Enteroviruses: Correlation of Serotype with VP1 Sequence and Application to Picornavirus Classification

ABSTRACT Sixty-six human enterovirus serotypes have been identified by serum neutralization, but the molecular determinants of the serotypes are unknown. Since the picornavirus VP1 protein contains a number of neutralization domains, we hypothesized that the VP1 sequence should correspond with neutralization (serotype) and, hence, with phylogenetic lineage. To test this hypothesis and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among the human enteroviruses, we determined the complete VP1 sequences of the prototype strains of 47 human enterovirus serotypes and 10 antigenic variants. Our sequences, together with those available from GenBank, comprise a database of complete VP1 sequences for all 66 human enterovirus serotypes plus additional strains of seven serotypes. Phylogenetic trees constructed from complete VP1 sequences produced the same four major clusters as published trees based on partial VP2 sequences; in contrast to the VP2 trees, however, in the VP1 trees strains of the same serotype were always monophyletic. In pairwise comparisons of complete VP1 sequences, enteroviruses of the same serotype were clearly distinguished from those of heterologous serotypes, and the limits of intraserotypic divergence appeared to be about 25% nucleotide sequence difference or 12% amino acid sequence difference. Pairwise comparisons suggested that coxsackie A11 and A15 viruses should be classified as strains of the same serotype, as should coxsackie A13 and A18 viruses. Pairwise identity scores also distinguished between enteroviruses of different clusters and enteroviruses from picornaviruses of different genera. The data suggest that VP1 sequence comparisons may be valuable in enterovirus typing and in picornavirus taxonomy by assisting in the genus assignment of unclassified picornaviruses.
Towards tailoring protocols to application specific requirements

A prototype profiling method (formalized profile description and protocol configuration tool) for tailoring standard protocol options to the specific needs of an application is described. It is applicable to any protocol specified in ASN.1. The profiling of OSI application layer standards is used as a proof of concept. By applying the method to formalize the US government profiles, the author was able to reduce the source code size of major parts of common OSI applications by 30 to 50%. <<ETX>>
Majoring in Information Systems

The importance of role models on individuals’ academic and career development and success has been widely acknowledged in the literature. The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of role models on students’ decisions to major in information systems (IS). Utilizing a model derived from the social cognitive career theory, we examined how and why role models influence students’ interest in and choice of a major in the IS discipline. Our findings indicate that role models do not have a direct effect on students’ aspirations to major in IS. However, we found that the effects of role models on students’ academic choices are channeled indirectly through self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interest factors. Association with role models increases students’ confidence in their abilities to perform well as an IS major and raises their expectancies about the valued rewards that will be received by majoring in IS. Role models also increase students’ interest in IS majors and careers, which in turn promotes students’ aspirations to pursue the IS major.