Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visco‐Elastic Parameters at Three‐Dimensional MR Elastography for Diagnosing Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Substantial Fibrosis in Mice

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide and is a growing cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. The performance of the magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) visco‐elastic parameters in diagnosing progressive forms of NAFLD, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and substantial fibrosis (F ≥ 2), needs to be clarified.
Applications of quantum coherence in condensed matter nanostructures

This thesis is concerned with studying the fascinating quantum properties of real-world nanostructures embedded in a noisy condensed matter environment. The interaction with light is used for controlling and manipulating the quantum state of the systems considered here. In some instances, laser pulses also provide a way of actively probing and controlling environmental interactions. The first two research chapters assess two different ways of performing all-optical spin qubit gates in self-assembled quantum dots. The principal conclusion is that an `adiabatic' control technique holds the promise of achieving a high fidelity when all primary sources of decoherence are taken into account. In the next chapter, it is shown that an optically driven quantum dot exciton interacting with the phonons of the surrounding lattice acts as a heat pump. Further, a model is developed which predicts the temperature-dependent damping of Rabi oscillations caused by bulk phonons, finding an excellent agreement with experimental data. A different system is studied in the following chapter: two electron spin qubits with no direct interaction, yet both exchange-coupled to an optically active mediator spin. The results of this study show that these general assumptions are sufficient for generating controlled electron spin entanglement over a wide range of parameters, even in the presence of noise. Finally, the Radical Pair model of the avian compass is investigated in the light of recent experimental results, leading to the surprising prediction that the electron spin coherence time in this molecular system seems to approach the millisecond timescale.
Chitosan-coated alginate (CCA) nanoparticles for augmentation of topical antihistaminic activity of diphenhydramine: in-vitro optimization, skin histopathology and pharmacodynamic studies with in vitro/in vivo correlation

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to formulate chitosan-coated alginate nanoparticles containing the drug diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DHH). Significance Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DHH) is the prototype of H1-antihistaminic drugs. It is a lipophilic drug, that easily crosses the blood–brain barrier when taken orally causing decrements in alertness and performance. Multiple applications of topical drug products are required. Thus, drug incorporation in nanocarriers would increase the skin penetration powers increasing the drug efficacy. Methods Chitosan-coated alginate (CCA) nanoparticles were prepared via polyelectrolyte complex technique adopting 23 full factorial designs. Three factors, namely, alginate concentration, drug-to-alginate ratio and CaCl2 volume, each in two levels were studied. The prepared formulae were evaluated utilizing entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP) and in vitro release. The characterization process was then followed by optimization. Results At alginate conc. of 1%, drug to alginate ratio of 2:1 and CaCl2 volume of 4 mL, NP8 was chosen as a candidate formula. Histopathological examination on shaved rat dorsal skin disclosed the safety of NP8 with no signs of necrosis or even inflammation. The enhanced topical delivery of diphenhydramine hydrochloride enclosed in the developed nanoparticles was further proved by induction of allergic reaction using intradermal histamine injection. The results revealed the superior ability of NP8 to decrease the diameter of the formed wheal in comparison to the marketed DHH product. Conclusion Thus, CCA nanoparticles are considered candidate nanocarriers for fortifying the topical antihistaminic activity of DHH. Graphical Abstract
Surgeons’ mental distress and risks after severe complications following radical gastrectomy in China: a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire

Background: This study was designed to investigate incidences of surgeons’ mental distress following severe complications after radical gastrectomy. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 among Chinese general and/or gastrointestinal surgeons who experienced severe complications after radical gastrectomy. The clinical features collected in the questionnaire included: (i) feeling burnout, anxiety, or depression; (ii) avoiding radical gastrectomy or feeling stress, slowing down the process during radical gastrectomy operations; (iii) having physical reactions, including heart pounding, trouble breathing, or sweating while recalling; (iv) having urges to quit being a surgeon; (v) taking psychiatric medications; and (vi) seeking psychological counselling. Analyses were performed to identify risk factors of severe mental distress, which was defined as meeting three or more of the above-mentioned clinical features. Results: A total of 1062 valid questionnaires were received. The survey showed that most of the participating surgeons (69.02%) had at least one clinical feature of mental distress following severe complications after radical gastrectomy, and more than 25% of the surgeons suffered from severe mental distress. Surgeons from non-university affiliated hospitals, the junior surgeons, and existing violent doctor–patient conflicts were recognized as independent risk factors for surgeons’ severe mental distress related to the severe complications after radical gastrectomy. Conclusions: About 70% of surgeons had mental health problems following severe complications after radical gastrectomy, and more than 25% of the surgeons suffered from severe mental distress. More strategies and policies are needed to improve the mental well-being of these surgeons after such incidences.
Collisions between Small Precipitation Drops. Part II: Formulas for Coalescence, Temporary Coalescence, and Satellites.

Abstract Collisions between small precipitation drops in free fall were analyzed for sizes applicable to self-collection, the process that controls the spreading of precipitation drops to larger sizes. Results from 45 laboratory experiments were generalized using dimensionless parameters to scale the coalescence efficiency, for the temporary coalescence probability, and the satellite occurrence frequency. The coalescence efficiency for uncharged drops (ϵ0) was found to be highly correlated (ρ = 0.99) with a simple combination of factors that scale the tendency for colliding drops to bounce apart as a function of the Weber number (We) and size ratio (p). Charge-induced coalescence was scaled by the electric field between the drops, assuming charged conducting spheres. The coalescence efficiency was obtained as a function of the normalized charge using a semiempirical formula (ρ = 0.95) for the amount of charge required to eliminate bounce and temporary coalescence. The occurrence of temporary coalescence i.
Multisampling-based docking reveals Imidazolidinyl urea as a multitargeted inhibitor for lung cancer: an optimisation followed multi-simulation and in-vitro study.

Lung Cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, responsible for more than 1.80 million deaths annually worldwide, and it is on the priority list of WHO. In the current scenario, when cancer cells become resistant to the drug, making it less effective leaves the patient in vulnerable conditions. To overcome this situation, researchers are constantly working on new drugs and medications that can help fight drug resistance and improve patients' outcomes. In this study, we have taken five main proteins of lung cancer, namely RSK4 N-terminal kinase, guanylate kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, kinase CK2 holoenzyme, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and screened the prepared Drug Bank library with 1,55,888 compounds against all using three Glide-based docking algorithms namely HTVS, standard precision and extra precise with a docking score ranging from -5.422 to -8.432 Kcal/mol. The poses were filtered with the MM\GBSA calculations, which helped to identify Imidazolidinyl urea C11H16N8O8 (DB14075) as a multitargeted inhibitor for lung cancer, validated with advanced computations like ADMET, interaction pattern fingerprints, and optimised the compound with Jaguar, producing satisfied relative energy. All five complexes were performed with MD Simulation for 100 ns with NPT ensemble class, producing cumulative deviation and fluctuations < 2 Å and a web of intermolecular interaction, making the complexes stable. Further, the in-vitro analysis for morphological imaging, Annexin V/PI FACS assay, ROS and MMP analysis caspase3//7 activity were performed on the A549 cell line producing promising results and can be an option to treat lung cancer at a significantly cheaper state.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Variational Modelling of Wave-Structure Interactions for Offshore Wind Turbines

We consider the development of a mathematical model of water waves interacting with the mast of an offshore wind turbine. A variational approach is used for which the starting point is an action functional describing a dual system comprising a potential-flow fluid, a solid structure modelled with (linear) elasticity, and the coupling between them. The variational principle is applied and discretized directly using Galerkin finite elements that are continuous in space and dis/continuous in time. We develop a linearized model of the fluid-structure or wave-mast coupling, which is a linearization of the variational principle for the fully coupled nonlinear model. Our numerical results indicate that our variational approach yields a stable numerical discretization of a fully coupled model of water waves and a linear elastic beam. The energy exchange between the subsystems is seen to be in balance, yielding a total energy that shows only small and bounded oscillations whose amplitude tends to zero as the timestep goes to zero.
Dispersal ability and niche breadth influence interspecific variation in spider abundance and occupancy

The relationship between species local abundance and their regional distribution (occupancy) is one of the most extensively recognized and investigated patterns in ecology. While exceptions exist, the generally held model is that locally abundant species also tend to be more widespread geographically. However, there is only a limited understanding of both the mechanisms driving this relationship, and their scale dependency. Here we use occupancy and abundance data for 123 species of spider from across the Canary Islands to understand how both dispersal ability and niche breadth might mediate variation among species for local abundance and occupancy. We test the predictions that (i) dispersal ability explains variation among species for both abundance and occupancy, and (ii) species with a higher degree of habitat specialization, reflecting more limited niche breadth, will have both higher occupancy and abundance. We find no evidence within habitat patches for an effect of dispersal ability on either local abundance or site occupancy, while across all patches species with higher dispersal ability tend to occupy more sites. Species largely restricted to laurel forests have higher abundance than species with broader niche breadth, but similar occupancy. The study revealed that dispersal ability and niche breadth were significant predictors of the abundance–occupancy relationship, highlighting the importance of both factors for understanding patterns of abundance and occupancy among spider species.
Uncertainty about old information results in differential predator memory in tadpoles

As information ages, it may become less accurate, resulting in increased uncertainty for decision makers. For example, chemical alarm cues (AC) are a source of public information about a nearby predator attack, and these cues can become spatially inaccurate through time. These cues can also degrade quickly under natural conditions, and cue receivers are sensitive to such degradation. Although numerous studies have documented predator-recognition learning from fresh AC, no studies have explored learning from aged AC and whether the uncertainty associated with this older information contributes to shortening the retention of learned responses (i.e. the ‘memory window’). Here, we found that wood frog tadpoles, Lithobates sylvaticus, learned to recognize a novel odour as a predator when paired with AC aged under natural conditions for up to 1 h. However, only tadpoles conditioned with fresh AC were found to retain this learned response when tested 9 days after conditioning. These results support the hypothesis that the memory window is shortened by the uncertainty associated with older information, preventing the long-term costs of a learned association that was based on potentially outdated information.
Camouflaged plants are shorter than non-camouflaged plants in the alpine zone

Camouflage has been reported as a defensive strategy in plants, while our understanding of the evolution of such defensive coloration is still limited. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that camouflaged plants are shorter than non-camouflaged ones in the same habitat. Based on a species list from the subnival zone from the Hengduan Mountains, SW China and the herbarium collection, we measured the plant heights of 2915 individuals from 621 species (either camouflaged or not), with elevation information as a reference. We show that camouflaged plants were significantly shorter than non-camouflaged ones, though the effects of phylogeny and elevation were considered. Interestingly, a negative correlation between plant height and elevation was found in non-camouflaged plants, but not in camouflaged ones. These results revealed the correlation between defensive coloration and plant height. Camouflage may have evolved from shorter ancestors because they may suffer stronger selection and provide a more efficient defence.
Manipulating nest architecture reveals three-dimensional building strategies and colony resilience in honeybees

Form follows function throughout the development of an organism. This principle should apply beyond the organism to the nests they build, but empirical studies are lacking. Honeybees provide a uniquely suited system to study nest form and function throughout development because we can image the three-dimensional structure repeatedly and non-destructively. Here, we tracked nest-wide comb growth in six colonies over 45 days (control colonies) and found that colonies have a stereotypical process of development that maintains a spheroid nest shape. To experimentally test if nest structure is important for colony function, we shuffled the nests of an additional six colonies, weekly rearranging the comb positions and orientations (shuffled colonies). Surprisingly, we found no differences between control and shuffled colonies in multiple colony performance metrics—worker population, comb area, hive weight and nest temperature. However, using predictive modelling to examine how workers allocate comb to expand their nests, we show that shuffled colonies compensate for these disruptions by accounting for the three-dimensional structure to reconnect their nest. This suggests that nest architecture is more flexible than previously thought, and that superorganisms have mechanisms to compensate for drastic architectural perturbations and maintain colony function.
Acute Responses in Blood Flow Restriction Low-intensity Aerobic Training: A Meta-analysis

Abstract The purpose was to determine the effect low-intensity training with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) versus high-intensity aerobic training (HIT) on acute physiological and perceptual responses. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases and the reference list of eligible studies were consulted to identify randomized experimental studies, published until July 4, 2022, that analyzed physiological or perceptual responses between LI-BFR versus HIT in healthy young individuals. Mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used as effect estimates and random effects models were applied in all analyses. Twelve studies were included in this review. During exercise sessions, HIT promoted higher values of heart rate (MD=28.9 bpm; p<0.00001; I 2 =79%), oxygen consumption (SMD=4.01; p<0.00001; I 2 =83%), ventilation (MD=48.03 l/min; p=0.0001; I 2 =97%), effort (SMD=1.54; p=0.003; I 2 =90%) and blood lactate (MD=3.85 mmol/L; p=0.002; I 2 =97%). Perception of pain/discomfort was lower in HIT (SMD=−1.71; p=0.04; I 2 =77.5%). In conclusion, LI-BFR promotes less pronounced physiological responses than HIT but with greater perception of pain.
Measurement properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Lower-Extremity Motor Activity Log for chronic hemiparetic poststroke patients

Abstract Background Stroke is among the three leading causes of disability around the world, and it results in immediate difficulty in mobility and gait. There is a lack of instruments to evaluate what daily life is like for these individuals using their lower limbs in real-life environments (outside of the clinical environment). Objective To perform the translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Lower-Extremity Motor Activity Log (LE-MAL) and test its measurement properties in chronic poststroke individuals. Methods The LE-MAL was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and adapted to the Brazilian culture. The comprehension and relevance of the final version were analyzed by a committee of specialists. The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the LE-MAL/Brazil to detect changes after lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy (LE-CIMT) and an intensive conventional therapy were tested. Results The LE-MAL/Brazil showed excellent inter- and intrarater reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha > 0.70, as well as standard error of measurement and smallest detectable change < 10% of the total instrument score when applied by the same evaluators. Conclusion The responsiveness of the LE-MAL/Brazil to detect changes showed better results after LE-CIMT than after the intensive conventional therapy, with most of the correlations > 0.50.
Improving the Creation of Social Science Theory in Journalism and Mass Communication Scholarship

Research into journalism and mass communication (JMC) theory use and creation suggests that scholars fall short of standards required for the scientific method to perform properly. Sociologist Gerald Hage said this reflects inconsistency among scholars in the use of language and a lack of tools used to create social science theory. To address these conditions, this essay draws on three books to provide a glossary of terms about social science theory and to develop a format for presenting such theory. The aim is to improve consistency and precision in the creation of JMC social science theory.
An improved perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition for second order elastic wave equation

In this paper,we analyze the construction of perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition in second-order elastic equation proposed by previous authors and discuss the disadvantages of these PML in computational efficiency and accuracy.Then we propose a new improved algorithm for perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition in second order elastic equation.The core idea in this article is that we introduce a intermediate variable in frequency domain to avoid the convolution calculations and obtain the exact solution through inverse Fourier transform in time domain.Finally,we make comparisons in accuracy and computational time between improved PML algorithms proposed by previous authors and the new PML proposed by us through model test.According to the comparisons and analysis,the new PML proposed by us has small computational amount and high accuracy.In addiation,the new PML proposed by us is a stable algorithms proved by model test.
Optimal design of brushless DC motor for electromobility propulsion applications using Taguchi method

Abstract This paper presents the optimal design of the permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor for electromobility propulsion applications. Two BLDC machines were analyzed: (a) – exterior rotor machine, and (b) – interior rotor machines The optimization of both motors structures was executed by the Taguchi method. The device structure was described by three design variables. The functional parameter (efficiency) and the economic parameter (total mass of the permanent magnets) were included in the objective function. The BLDC motors have been modelled using a finite element method (FEM). Finally, the functional parameters for both motor constructions were compared. The selected results of the calculations were presented and discussed.
A Comparative Analysis of IoT Protocols for Resource Constraint Devices and Networks

Communication standards and protocols are detrimental to the success of any Internet of Things (IoT) system or application. Selecting a communication standard and a suitable middleware or messaging protocol for IoT connectivity is challenging due to the heterogeneous resource-constrained IoT devices and their messaging requirements. Recently, several messaging/middleware protocols in the IoT field were developed and adopted in the industry. However, to date, there is no specific messaging protocol that can support all messaging use cases and fulfil the overall requirements of IoT systems. Therefore, it is critical to understand the application layer messaging and communication protocols of IoT systems to identify the most appropriate protocol that could fit and be applied in various contexts. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the MQTT, CoAP, and AMQP messaging protocols including their security.
Analysis of digital economy performance and economic growth nexus: case of Uzbekistan

It will be attempted to demonstrate econometrically in this paper that the digitalization of the economy has a favorable effect on economic growth at the national level because it encourages efficient services, which in turn enhances business and governmental performance and, ultimately, leads to economic growth. This research estimates relationship between several pillars of digital economy and economic growth. Obtained results indicate that pillars of digital economy positively and significantly effects on growth in output of the country.