Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of weak lensing surveys to probe cosmological models

We apply a mass reconstruction technique to large- scale structure gravitational distortion maps, simulated for dif- ferent cosmological scenarii on scales from 2:5 arcmin to 10 degrees. The projected mass is reconstructed using a non- parametric least square method involving the reduced shear on which noise due to intrinsic galaxy ellipticities has been added. The distortion of the galaxies is calculated using the full lens equation, without any hypothesis like the weak lensing approx- imation, or other linearization. It is shown that the noise in the reconstructed maps is per- fectly uncorrelated Poissonian, with no propagation from short to large scales. The measured power spectrum and first four mo- ments of the convergence can be corrected accurately for this source of noise. The cosmic variance of these quantities is then analyzed with respect to the density of the background galaxies using 60 realizations of each model. We show that a moderately deep weak lensing survey (5 5 degrees with a typical back- ground population of 30 gal/arcmin 2 at a redshift zs ' 1 )i s able to probe the amplitude of the power spectrum with a few percent accuracy for models with8 0:8 =0 :6. Remarkably, we have found that, using the third moment of the local convergence only, such a survey would lead to a 6 separation between open ( =0 :3) and flat ( =1 ) models. This separation does not require a very deep survey, and it is shown to be robust against different hypothesis for the normal- ization or the shape of the power spectrum. Finally, the observational strategy for an optimal mea- surement of the power spectrum and the moments of the convergence is discussed.
A miniaturized soil moisture sensor based on time domain transmissometry

Delay time measurements are a powerful method for soil moisture measurements. Besides the well-known time domain reflectometry (TDR), a new method, namely the time domain transmissometry (TDT) captures the market for soil moisture sensors. The key benefit of transmission measurements is their robustness against multiple reflections. However, the development of TDT sensors for measurements inside soils is a challenge due to specific geometric requirements. While transmission measurements are in general performed in two port setups, measurements inside soils require an one port setup. Hence, time domain sensors are in general based on reflection measurements. This contribution describes a soil moisture sensor, which combines the advantages of TDR and TDT measurements regarding the suitability for soil moisture measurements. The sensor consists of a concentric coaxial line assembly resulting in a compact setup. The measuring path is realized as an one-wire line to obtain a large cross sectional area and thus, a large soil sample volume.
Distinguishable In Vitro Binding Mode of Monomeric TRBP and Dimeric PACT with siRNA

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionally conserved posttranscriptional gene-silencing mechanism whereby small interfering RNA (siRNA) triggers sequence-specific cleavage of its cognate mRNA. Dicer, Argonaute (Ago), and either TAR-RNA binding protein (TRBP) or a protein activator of PKR (PACT) are the primary components of the RNAi pathway, and they comprise the core of a complex termed the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-loading complex (RLC). TRBP and PACT share similar structural features including three dsRNA binding domains (dsRBDs), and a complex containing Dicer and either TRBP or PACT is considered to sense thermodynamic asymmetry of siRNA ends for guide strand selection. Thus, both TRBP and PACT are thought to participate in the RNAi pathway in an indistinguishable manner, but the differences in siRNA binding mode and the functional involvement of TRBP and PACT are poorly understood. Here, we show in vitro binding patterns of human TRBP and PACT to siRNA using electrophoresis mobility shift analysis and gel filtration chromatography. Our results clearly showed that TRBP and PACT have distinct in vitro siRNA binding patterns from each other. The results suggest that monomeric TRBP binds to siRNA at the higher affinity compared to the affinity for own homodimerization. In contrast, the affinity between PACT and siRNA is lower than that of homodimerization or that between TRBP and siRNA. Thus, siRNA may be more readily incorporated into RLC, interacting with TRBP (instead of PACT) in vivo.
Population pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin in infants, children and adolescents during secondary thromboembolic prophylaxis: a cohort study

Summary. Background: Enoxaparin has been extensively studied in adults on its safety and efficacy during prevention of symptomatic thromboembolism when acute anticoagulation or secondary prevention is required as a result of venous thrombosis or stroke. In children, it is still used off‐label and little is known about the pharmacokinetics in children. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a once‐ or twice‐daily dosing regimen would be feasible in children to achieve appropriate plasma levels of enoxaparin. Patients/methods: A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using anti‐factor (F)Xa activity data from 126 children (median age: 5.9 years) receiving enoxaparin either as a once‐ or twice‐daily dosing regimen. Results: A two‐compartment model was adequate for describing the enoxaparin kinetics. Body weight proved to be the most predictive covariate for clearance and central volume of distribution: clearance 15 mL h−1 kg−1, central volume of distribution 169 mL kg−1, intercompartmental clearance 58 mL h−1, peripheral volume of distribution 10 L and absorption rate 0.414 h−1. Interindividual variability was found to be 54% for clearance and 42% for volume of distribution. Conclusion: The model is capable of describing all age groups and dosing levels of our population and predicts 12 h and 24 h enoxaparin activities sufficiently. According to our results, a once‐daily enoxaparin dosing regimen with frequent monitoring is feasible. In 53.2% of the patients the median 24 h trough level was above the desired range of 0.1 IU mL−1 anti‐FXa activity for prophylaxis therapy.
Next Location Prediction Within a Smart Ofﬁce Building

We investigate the feasibility of in-door next location prediction using sequences of previously visited locations and compare the efﬁciency of several prediction methods. The scenario concerns employees in an ofﬁce building visiting ofﬁces in a regular fashion over some period of time. We model the scenario by different prediction techniques like Neural networks, Bayesian networks, State and Markov predictors. We use exactly the same evaluation set-up and benchmarks to compare the different methods. The publicly available Augsburg Indoor Location Tracking Benchmarks are applied as predictor loads.
Quantum Mechanics and Stochastic Mechanics for Compatible Observables at Different Times

Abstract Bohm mechanics and Nelson stochastic mechanics are confronted with quantum mechanics in the presence of noninteracting subsystems. In both cases, it is shown that correlations at different times of compatible position observables on stationary states agree with quantum mechanics only in the case of product wave functions. By appropriate Bell-like inequalities it is shown that no classical theory, in particular no stochastic process, can reproduce the quantum mechanical correlations of position variables of noninteracting systems at different times.
Gait Analysis in Uner Tan Syndrome Cases with Key symptoms of Quadrupedal Locomotion, Mental Impairment, and Dysarthric or No Speech

Introduction: Uner Tan syndrome (UTS) consists of quadrupedal locomotion (QL), impaired intelligence and dysarthric or no speech. Previously, I described the walk of cases with UTS as diagonal sequence (DS) because of ipsilateral limb interference, mostly observed in nonhuman primates with DS QL. The only gait analysis performed for UTS were a few cases with lateral sequence (LS) QL. The current work presents a gait analysis of UTS in more families. Childs [3] described this man as follows: Methods: Hip and knee angles during quadrupedal standing were measured in UTS cases, healthy controls with requested QL, and nonhuman primates. Limb phases were assessed from video footages, as the percent of the hind limb's stride durations. Results: UTS cases and nonhuman primates exhibited quadrupedal standing with straight legs nearly perpendicular to the ground. Healthy individuals could not walk quadrupedally like UTS cases. They could perform QL only with flexed legs. UTS cases and healthy individuals with free (flexed-leg) QL used predominantly lateral sequence-diagonal couplet (LSDC) walks. Terrestrial primates preferred DS gaits. The healthy individuals with free QL were similar to arboreal primates in quadrupedal posture. Conclusions: Although these results do not seem to support the thesis of locomotor evolution in reverse, nobody knows with certainty who our ancestors were or how they walked, and so the possibility of UTS as an example for the ancestral reappearance of QL in human beings cannot be positively excluded. This locomotor evolution in reverse was supported by experimental evidence, which proved reverse evolution as a scientific fact.
Using Ontologies for Decision Support in Resource Messaging

Emergency management is by its nature, and in some jurisdictions by its definition, an activity that requires a concerted effort by a number of governmental and non-governmental agencies. There is a growing appreciation that collaboration between these parties is best served through the use of interoperable standards for message formats for purposes such as alerting and resource exchange. However, it is also important to realize that, although much advantage can be drawn from standardizing certain aspects of communication, such as the structure of messages, different agencies will use different vocabularies. In this paper we discuss how ontologies can be used with standard messaging formats for resource messaging to enable intelligent decision support mechanisms in the presence of differing vocabularies across organizational boundaries. We also present a survey of the opportunities for using ontologies in emergency management, and the issues that must be addressed.
Technology mapping for hot-carrier reliability enhancement

As semiconductor devices enter the deep sub-micron era, reliability has become a major issue and challenge in VLSI design. Among all the failure mechanisms, hot-carrier effect is one of those which have the most significant impact on the long-term reliability of high-density VLSI circuits. In this paper, we address the problem of minimizing hot-carrier effect during the technology mapping stage of VLSI logic synthesis. We first present a logic-level hot-carrier model, and then, based on this model, we propose a technology mapping algorithm for hot-carrier effect minimization. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in the framework of the Berkeley logic optimization package SIS. Our results show that an average of 29. 1% decrease in hot-carrier effect can be achieved by carefully choosing logic gates from cell libraries to implement given logic functions for a set of benchmarks. It has also been observed that the best design for hot-carrier effect minimization does not necessarily coincide with the best design for low power, which has long been considered as a rough measure for VLSI reliability.
Elucidating the interactions between the human gut microbiota and its host through metabolic modeling

Increased understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiota, diet and environmental effects may allow us to design efficient treatment strategies for addressing global health problems. Existence of symbiotic microorganisms in the human gut provides different functions for the host such as conversion of nutrients, training of the immune system, and resistance to pathogens. The gut microbiome also plays an influential role in maintaining human health, and it is a potential target for prevention and treatment of common disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Due to the extreme complexity of such disorders, it is necessary to develop mathematical models for deciphering the role of its individual elements as well as the entire system and such models may assist in better understanding of the interactions between the bacteria in the human gut and the host by use of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs). Recently, GEMs have been employed to explore the interactions between predominant bacteria in the gut ecosystems. Additionally, these models enabled analysis of the contribution of each species to the overall metabolism of the microbiota through the integration of omics data. The outcome of these studies can be used for proposing optimal conditions for desired microbiome phenotypes. Here, we review the recent progress and challenges for elucidating the interactions between the human gut microbiota and host through metabolic modeling. We discuss how these models may provide scaffolds for analyzing high-throughput data, developing probiotics and prebiotics, evaluating the effects of probiotics and prebiotics and eventually designing clinical interventions.
Five-Megahertz PWM-Controlled Current-Mode Resonant DC–DC Step-Down Converter Using GaN-HEMTs

High power efficiency and high power density are required in regulated isolated dc-dc converters. In this paper, a novel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control method that is suitable for an isolated current-mode resonant dc-dc converter operated at a megahertz-level switching frequency is proposed. The output voltage with the proposed method can be regulated with no additional components at a fixed switching frequency. In addition, the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of primary-side switches at turn on can be maintained. The principle of the proposed method and the method of the ZVS operation in the proposed method are explained. Some experiments have been performed with a 5-MHz isolated step-down dc-dc converter using gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors; the output voltage is 12 V, and the total volume of the circuit is 16.14 cm3. With the proposed PWM control method, the input voltage range is 42-45.5 V, and the maximum load current range is 10 A at Vi = 45.5 V. The ZVS of the primary-side switches at turn on is confirmed in all experimental regions, and the maximum power efficiency is 89.2%.
A Distributed Decision-Theoretic Model for Multiagent Active Information Gathering

Multirobot systems have made tremendous progress in ex-ploration and surveillance. In that kind of problem, agents are not required to perform a given task but should gather as much information as possible. However, information gather-ing tasks usually remain passive. In this paper, we present a multirobot model for active information gathering. In this model, robots explore, assess the relevance, update their be-liefs and communicate the appropriate information to rel-evant robots. To do so, we propose a distributed decision process where a robot maintains a belief matrix representing its beliefs and beliefs about the beliefs of the other robots. This decision process uses entropy and Kullback-Leibler in a reward function to access the relevance of their beliefs and the divergence with each other. This model allows the derivation of a policy for gathering information to make the entropy low and a communication policy to reduce the di-vergence. An experimental scenario has been developed for an indoor information gathering mission.
Incarcerated Mothers: Trauma and Attachment Issues

ABSTRACT Although men comprise the largest portion of the prison population in the United States, the number of women in prison has increased more than 800% during the past three decades. More than 60% of these women are mothers of children under 18 years of age. There continues to be a gap in our knowledge base regarding mothers who are incarcerated. In this study, unresolved issues of trauma and attachment are explored for 28 incarcerated mothers involved with the child welfare system. Data were collected using the Trauma Attachment and Belief Scale (TABS) and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Findings from the TABS revealed scores of average and high average in beliefs related to five need areas that are sensitive to the effects of traumatic experiences, namely self-safety, self-trust, self-esteem, self-intimacy, and self-control. Most participants were classified as disorganized/disoriented based on their narrative responses to questions from the AAI protocol. Implications for the results are discussed.
Malignancy incidence after renal transplantation in children: a 20-year single-centre experience.

BACKGROUND Cancer is a well-recognized complication of organ transplantation. The pattern of malignancies that occur in the paediatric graft population is different from that in the general paediatric population and in the population of adult organ transplant recipients. METHODS We reviewed medical records from 240 consecutive paediatric renal transplantations performed in 219 children, aged less than 19 years, in our centre between April 1987 and March 2007. Data from patients who had been transferred into adult units were extracted from the French registries of dialysis and transplantation. RESULTS Among the 219 children who underwent renal transplantation during the study period, 16 (7.3%) developed malignancy. The cumulative incidence of cancer was 1.9, 4.0, 6.9 and 10.2% at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years post-transplantation, respectively. The 10-year incidence of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) was 4.5%. Other identified cancers were Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphomas, renal papillary carcinoma, thyroid papillary carcinoma, recurrent ovarian seminoma and skin cancer. The mortality rate was 25% (4/16). CONCLUSION Early detection of cancer in transplant recipients is of great importance. Regular screening for persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA viral load in patients at risk for developing PTLD is recommended. The occurrence of skin cancer in transplanted children is extremely rare during childhood, but cases can develop in early adulthood.
Plaques Senescence , and Apoptosis in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Atherosclerotic Cooperative Interactions Between RB and p 53 Regulate Cell Proliferation , Cell

Compared with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from normal vessels, VSMCs from human atherosclerotic plaques proliferate more slowly, undergo earlier senescence, and demonstrate higher levels of apoptosis in culture. The tumor suppressor genes p105 (retinoblastoma, acting through the E2F transcription factor family) and p53 regulate cell proliferation, cell senescence, and apoptosis in many cell types. We have therefore determined whether these stable growth properties of plaque VSMCs reflect altered activity of RB and/or p53. VSMCs were derived from coronary atherectomies or from normal coronary arteries from transplant recipients. Compared with normal VSMCs, plaque VSMCs showed a higher ratio of the active (hypophosphorylated) to the inactive (phosphorylated) form of RB and a lower level of E2F transcriptional activity. Cells were stably transfected with retrovirus constructs that inhibited RB or p53 alone or in combination. Suppression of RB alone increased rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis and inhibited cell senescence in normal VSMCs. Suppression of p53 and RB together had similar effects but, additionally, resulted in immortalization of normal VSMC cultures. In contrast, inhibition of RB binding to E2F or ectopic expression of E2F-1 in plaque VSMCs induced massive apoptosis, which required suppression of p53 to rescue cells. Suppression of RB and p53 together increased cell proliferation and delayed senescence but failed to immortalize plaque VSMCs. Inhibition of p53 alone had minimal effects on plaque VSMCs but increased the lifespan of normal VSMCs. We conclude that human plaque VSMCs have slower rates of cell proliferation and earlier senescence than do cells from normal vessels because of a defect in phosphorylation of RB. Furthermore, both disruption of RB/E2F and inhibition of p53 are required for plaque VSMCs to proliferate without apoptosis. This observation may explain the relatively low level of cell proliferation and high level of apoptosis seen in VSMCs in human atherosclerotic plaques. (Circ Res. 1998;82:704-712.)
Parallel pipelined filter ordering with precedence constraints

In the parallel pipelined filter ordering problem, we are given a set of n filters that run in parallel. The filters need to be applied to a stream of elements, to determine which elements pass all filters. Each filter has a rate limit ri on the number of elements it can process per unit time, and a selectivity pi, which is the probability that a random element will pass the filter. The goal is to maximize throughput. This problem appears naturally in a variety of settings, including parallel query optimization in databases and query processing over Web services. We present an O(n3) algorithm for this problem, given tree-structured precedence constraints on the filters. This extends work of Condon et al. [2009] and Kodialam [2001], who presented algorithms for solving the problem without precedence constraints. Our algorithm is combinatorial and produces a sparse solution. Motivated by join operators in database queries, we also give algorithms for versions of the problem in which “filter” selectivities may be greater than or equal to 1. We prove a strong connection between the more classical problem of minimizing total work in sequential filter ordering (A), and the parallel pipelined filter ordering problem (B). More precisely, we prove that A is solvable in polynomial time for a given class of precedence constraints if and only if B is as well. This equivalence allows us to show that B is NP-Hard in the presence of arbitrary precedence constraints (since A is known to be NP-Hard in that setting).
Query-based Sentence Fusion is Better Defined and Leads to More Preferred Results than Generic Sentence Fusion

We show that question-based sentence fusion is a better defined task than generic sentence fusion (Q-based fusions are shorter, display less variety in length, yield more identical results and have higher normalized Rouge scores). Moreover, we show that in a QA setting, participants strongly prefer Q-based fusions over generic ones, and have a preference for union over intersection fusions.
PTPN22 Silencing in the NOD Model Indicates the Type 1 Diabetes–Associated Allele Is Not a Loss-of-Function Variant

PTPN22 encodes the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) and is the second strongest non-HLA genetic risk factor for type 1 diabetes. The PTPN22 susceptibility allele generates an LYP variant with an arginine-to-tryptophan substitution at position 620 (R620W) that has been reported by several studies to impart a gain of function. However, a recent report investigating both human cells and a knockin mouse model containing the R620W homolog suggested that this variation causes faster protein degradation. Whether LYP R620W is a gain- or loss-of-function variant, therefore, remains controversial. To address this issue, we generated transgenic NOD mice (nonobese diabetic) in which Ptpn22 can be inducibly silenced by RNA interference. We found that Ptpn22 silencing in the NOD model replicated many of the phenotypes observed in C57BL/6 Ptpn22 knockout mice, including an increase in regulatory T cells. Notably, loss of Ptpn22 led to phenotypic changes in B cells opposite to those reported for the human susceptibility allele. Furthermore, Ptpn22 knockdown did not increase the risk of autoimmune diabetes but, rather, conferred protection from disease. Overall, to our knowledge, this is the first functional study of Ptpn22 within a model of type 1 diabetes, and the data do not support a loss of function for the PTPN22 disease variant.