Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coling 2008: Proceedings of the workshop on Cross-Framework and Cross-Domain Parser Evaluation

Broad-coverage parsing has come to a point where distinct approaches can offer (seemingly) comparable performance: statistical parsers acquired from the Penn Treebank (PTB); data-driven dependency parsers; "deep" parsers trained off enriched treebanks (in linguistic frameworks like CCG, HPSG, or LFG); and hybrid "deep" parsers, employing hand-built grammars in, for example, HPSG, LFG, or LTAG. Evaluation against trees in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) section of the PTB has helped advance parsing research over the course of the past decade. Despite some skepticism, the crisp and, over time, stable task of maximizing ParsEval metrics (i.e. constituent labeling precision and recall) over PTB trees has served as a dominating benchmark. However, modern treebank parsers still restrict themselves to only a subset of PTB annotation; there is reason to worry about the idiosyncrasies of this particular corpus; it remains unknown how much the ParsEval metric (or any intrinsic evaluation) can inform NLP application developers; and PTB-style analyses leave a lot to be desired in terms of linguistic information.
Neutrosophic Overset, Neutrosophic Underset, and Neutrosophic Offset

Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and -Logic were defined for the first time by Smarandache in 1995 and published in 2007. They are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. He extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is 1 and other neutrosophic component < 0}. This is no surprise with respect to the classical fuzzy set/logic, intuitionistic fuzzy set/logic, or classical/imprecise probability, where the values are not allowed outside the interval [0, 1], since our real-world has numerous examples and applications of over-/under-/off-neutrosophic components.
Minority carrier diffusion length, lifetime and mobility in p-type GaAs and GaInAs

Minority carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes were determined for p-type Ga(1-x)InxAs with an In-content of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.53 by cathodoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements respectively under low injection conditions; the resulting minority carrier mobilities are also reported. Highly p-doped samples (3 × 1018 cm−3) demonstrate a constant minority carrier diffusion length of (5.0 ± 0.7) μm and a constant lifetime of (3.7 ± 0.7) ns for an In-content up to 21%. Lower doped samples (3 × 1017 cm−3), on the other hand, show an increase in minority carrier diffusion length and lifetime with In-content from (6.3 ± 0.2) μm and (6.2 ± 0.5) ns respectively for GaAs to (14 ± 2) μm and (24.4 ± 0.5) ns respectively for Ga0.79In0.21As. Increasing the In-content to 53% results in a drop in the minority carrier diffusion length independently of the p-doping concentration . This is interpreted as a change in the energy of the Shockley-Read-Hall trap levels within the bandgap as a function of indium c.
Applied problems of information systems operation

Noise immunity of receiving signals in the MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple-Output) system essentially depends on the choice of the signal processing method on the receiving side. Existing methods of signal processing, in the MIMO system, that provide a given quality of information transmission, have high computational complexity, so there is a necessity to improve these methods. The purpose of this article is to increase the impedance of channels of control and data transmission of unmanned aerial systems, which was achieved by developing new method of signal processing in multi-antenna systems of unmanned aerial systems. The article developed an improved method of signal processing in MIMO systems of unmanned aerial systems, the essence of which is the ability to work with a known and unknown correlation matrix, the division of received signals into groups and the evaluation of each group, taking into account the evaluation error. During the research, the theory of communication, signal theory, the theory of antennas and the theory of noise-proof coding were used. The difference between an improved method is, that the method allows you to work with an unknown correlation matrix. While processing a signal in a demodulator, each iteration takes into account not only the estimate obtained in the previous step, but also the degree of accuracy of the character estimation. The proposed improved method has characteristics, that are close to the characteristics of demodulator, optimal for the criterion of maximum likelihood, but much less computational complexity. The method allows you to reduce computing costs by 20 times, compared with the maximum likelihood algorithm. The practical implementation of this method will allow the creation of software for communication equipment of unmanned aeronautical complexes, which operate in difficult conditions of the radio electronic environment.
Quantum Scaling in Many-Body Systems: An Approach to Quantum Phase Transitions

Quantum phase transitions are strongly relevant in a number of fields, ranging from condensed matter to cold atom physics and quantum field theory. This book, now in its second edition, approaches the problem of quantum phase transitions from a new and unifying perspective. Topics addressed include the concepts of scale and time invariance and their significance for quantum criticality, as well as brand new chapters on superfluid and superconductor quantum critical points, and quantum first order transitions. The renormalisation group in real and momentum space is also established as the proper language to describe the behaviour of systems close to a quantum phase transition. These phenomena introduce a number of theoretical challenges which are of major importance for driving new experiments. Being strongly motivated and oriented towards understanding experimental results, this is an excellent text for graduates, as well as theorists, experimentalists and those with an interest in quantum criticality.
Node similarity distribution of complex networks and its application in link prediction

Over the years, quantifying the similarity of nodes has been a hot topic in complex networks, yet little has been known about the distributions of node-similarity. In this paper, we consider a typical measure of node-similarity called the common neighbor based similarity (CNS). By means of the generating function, we propose a general framework for calculating the CNS distributions of node sets in various complex networks. In particular, we show that for the Erd\"{o}s-R\'{e}nyi (ER) random network, the CNS distribution of node sets of any particular size obeys the Poisson law. We also connect the node-similarity distribution to the link prediction problem. We found that the performance of link prediction depends solely on the CNS distributions of the connected and unconnected node pairs in the network. Furthermore, we derive theoretical solutions of two key evaluation metrics in link prediction: i) precision and ii) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). We show that for any link prediction method, if the similarity distributions of the connected and unconnected node pairs are identical, the AUC will be $0.5$. The theoretical solutions are elegant alternatives of the traditional experimental evaluation methods with nevertheless much lower computational cost.
First hitting time of integral diffusions and applications

ABSTRACT We study the first hitting time of integral functionals of time-homogeneous diffusions, and characterize their Laplace transforms through a stochastic time change. We obtain explicit expressions of the Laplace transforms for the geometric Brownian motion (GBM) and the mean-reverting GBM process. We also introduce a novel probability identity based on an independent exponential randomization and obtain explicit Laplace transforms of the price of arithmetic Asian options and other derivative prices that non-linearly depend on the integral diffusions. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Development of a low-debris laser driven tape drive soft x-ray source

This paper focuses on debris mitigation in a laser driven tape drive x-ray source. A smart design is being used to minimise the effect of shockwave reflection from the target's back and a continuous rough pumping is utilised to obtain an efficient purging of big lumpy debris particles out of the interaction chamber. The effect of low pressure (3–6 mbar) nitrogen buffer gas is studied together with a moderate magnetic field (0.14 Tesla) on both debris spall and hot ions trajectory. The target material for this work is a 15 μm VHS video tape composed of Mylar as carrier film with Fe2O3 and CrO2 powder. The experiments were conducted using a long pulsed 800ps, 50 Hz Nd: YAG laser. The results obtained appeared to be promising in reducing the damaging effect of large debris particles (between 50 and 140 microns) as well as small particles (∼ 5 microns) that deteriorates the efficiency of delicate optics.
FINDING REMO (RELATED MEMORY OBJECT): A SIMPLE NEURAL ARCHITECTURE

To solve the text-based question and answering task that requires relational reasoning, it is necessary to memorize a large amount of information and find out the question relevant information from the memory. Most approaches were based on external memory and four components proposed by Memory Network. The distinctive component among them was the way of finding the necessary information and it contributes to the performance. Recently, a simple but powerful neural network module for reasoning called Relation Network (RN) has been introduced. We analyzed RN from the view of Memory Network, and realized that its MLP component is able to reveal the complicate relation between question and object pair. Motivated from it, we introduce Relation Memory Network (RMN) which uses MLP to find out relevant information on Memory Network architecture. It shows new state-of-the-art results in jointly trained bAbI-10k story-based question answering tasks and bAbI dialog-based question answering tasks.
Phrasal compounds can have adjectival heads: evidence from English

Phrasal compounds are taken to be word-level structures that combine a lexical head with a phrasal non-head. Several claims have emerged from the pertinent literature: phrasal compounds allegedly only have nominal heads, can host a variety of syntactic structures in non-head position, are determinative, and are instances of expressive morphology. The existence of adjectival phrasal compounds is either explicitly denied in the literature, or considered a marginal phenomenon at best. This article presents data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA; Davies 2008) that show that adjectival phrasal compounds do exist in English. We demonstrate that they are similar to non-phrasal adjectival compounds and to nominal phrasal compounds. At the same time, they crucially differ from nominal compounds in the prototypical semantic relations between head and non-head: adjectival phrasal compounds are mostly similative-intensifying as opposed to determinative. We argue that this property is also found in noun–adjective compounds and follows naturally from the semantics of the head category in question, viz. adjectives as mostly gradable predicates. In turn, the majority of adjectival phrasal compounds in our data feature a strong expressive component, a characteristic they share with other phrasal compounds.
Automatic Verification of Counter Systems via Domain- Specific Multi-result Supercompilation Automatic Verification of Counter Systems via Domain-specific Multi-result Supercompilation. Keldysh Automatic Verification of Counter Systems via Domain-specific Multi-result Supercompilation Moscow 2012

matic verification of counter systems via domain-specific multi-result supercompilation We consider an application of supercompilation to the analysis of counter transition systems. Multi-result supercompilation enables us to find the best versions of the analysis by generating a set of possible results that are then filtered according to some criteria. Unfortunately, the search space may be rather large. However, the search can be drastically reduced by taking into account the specifics of the domain. Thus, we argue that a combination of domain-specific and multi-result supercompilation may produce a synergistic effect. Low-cost implementations of domain-specific supercompilers can be produced by using prefabricated components provided by the MRSC toolkit. Президента РФ для ведущих научных школ № НШ-4307.2012. 9.
On high-order perturbation expansion for the study of long–short wave interactions

In high-order analysis and simulation of long–short surface wave interaction using mode decomposition, ‘divergent’ terms of the form $k_{S}a_{L}=O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})\gg 1$ appear in the high-order expansions, where $k_{L,S}$ , $a_{L,S}$ are respectively the long, short modal wavenumbers and amplitudes, with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\equiv k_{S}/k_{L}\gg 1$ and $k_{L}a_{L}\sim k_{S}a_{S}=O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$ finite. We address the effect of these terms on the numerical scheme, showing numerical cancellation at all orders $m$ ; but increasing ill-conditioning of the numerics with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ and $m$ , which we quantify. In the context of mode decomposition, we show theoretical exact cancellation of the divergent terms up to $m=3$ , extending the existing result of Brueckner & West (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 196, 1988, pp. 585–592) and supporting the conjecture that this is obtained for all orders $m$ . We show the latter by developing a theoretical proof for any $m$ using a Dirichlet–Neumann operator and mathematical induction. The implication of the theoretical proof on the numerical simulation of long–short wave interaction is discussed.
Experimental Assessment of Saturation Behavior of Boiling Nanofluids: Pressure and Temperature

The need to dissipate heat fluxes more than those commonly handled by boiling flows is forcing designers to consider boiling nanofluids flows as cooling option. In modeling boiling flows in cooling applications, the dependency of temperature and pressure is of great importance. In the present study, pressure–temperature variations at saturation conditions are empirically measured for different types of water-based nanofluids with variable volume fractions. Titanium oxide, silver, gold and nickle nanoparticles are studied. Results show that, except for titanium oxide and gold nanofluids, nanoparticles do not influence saturation conditions of the pure water significantly. Two individual correlations are proposed in this study to simulate the saturation pressure–temperature behavior of gold and titanium oxide water-based nanofluids in different volume fractions.
Fundamentals of 3D imaging and displays: a tutorial on integral imaging, light-field, and plenoptic systems

There has been great interest in researching and implementing effective technologies for the capture, processing, and display of 3D images. This broad interest is evidenced by widespread international research and activities on 3D technologies. There is a large number of journal and conference papers on 3D systems, as well as research and development efforts in government, industry, and academia on this topic for broad applications including entertainment, manufacturing, security and defense, and biomedical applications. Among these technologies, integral imaging is a promising approach for its ability to work with polychromatic scenes and under incoherent or ambient light for scenarios from macroscales to microscales. Integral imaging systems and their variations, also known as plenoptics or light-field systems, are applicable in many fields, and they have been reported in many applications, such as entertainment (TV, video, movies), industrial inspection, security and defense, and biomedical imaging and displays. This tutorial is addressed to the students and researchers in different disciplines who are interested to learn about integral imaging and light-field systems and who may or may not have a strong background in optics. Our aim is to provide the readers with a tutorial that teaches fundamental principles as well as more advanced concepts to understand, analyze, and implement integral imaging and light-field-type capture and display systems. The tutorial is organized to begin with reviewing the fundamentals of imaging, and then it progresses to more advanced topics in 3D imaging and displays. More specifically, this tutorial begins by covering the fundamentals of geometrical optics and wave optics tools for understanding and analyzing optical imaging systems. Then, we proceed to use these tools to describe integral imaging, light-field, or plenoptics systems, the methods for implementing the 3D capture procedures and monitors, their properties, resolution, field of view, performance, and metrics to assess them. We have illustrated with simple laboratory setups and experiments the principles of integral imaging capture and display systems. Also, we have discussed 3D biomedical applications, such as integral microscopy.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of GmLCL genes alters plant height and internode length in soybean

Background: Soybean ( Glycine max ) is an important economically crops for plant oil and protein in the world. The plant height as a key trait has significant effects on yield of soybean , however, the research on molecular mechanism for soybean plant height is still unclear. Recently, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated) system as a new technology for gene editing, has been rapidly utilized to edit the genomes of crop plants. Results: Here, we designed four gRNAs to mutate four LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL ( LHY ) / CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 ( CCA1 )- LIKE ( LCL ) genes in soybean. In order to test whether the gRNAs could perform properly in transgenic soybean plants, we first tested the CRISPR construct in transgenic soybean hairy roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenesis strain K599. Once confirmed, we performed stable soybean transformation and obtained nineteen independent transgenic soybean plants. Subsequently, we obtained one T 1 transgene-free homozygous quadruple mutant of GmLCL by self-crossed. The phenotype of T 2 -generation transgene-free quadruple mutant plants were observed and the results showed that quadruple mutant of GmLCL displayed reduced plant height and shortened internodes. In addition, the relative expression levels of gibberellic acid (GA) metabolic pathway genes in the quadruple mutant of GmLCL were significantly decreased than wild type (WT). It suggests that GmLCLs encoding MYB transcription factor affect plant height through mediating the GA pathway in soybean. We also develop some genetic markers to identify mutant for assisting breeding studies. Conclusions: Our results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of four GmLCL genes reduce soybean plant height and shorten internodes. These findings suggest that manipulation of four GmLCL genes may improve yield by altered plant height and internode length in soybean.
Mixed Discontinuous Galerkin Approximation of the Maxwell Operator

We introduce and analyze a discontinuous Galerkin discretization of the Maxwell operator in mixed form. Here, all the unknowns of the underlying system of partial differential equations are approximated by discontinuous finite element spaces of the same order. For piecewise constant coefficients, the method is shown to be stable and optimally convergent with respect to the mesh size. Numerical experiments highlighting the performance of the proposed method for problems with both smooth and singular analytical solutions are presented.
A copula approach to estimate reliability: an application to self-reported sexual behaviors among HIV serodiscordant couples

Copula-based approaches can be useful in multivariate modeling settings where multivariate dependency is of primary interest, such as estimating the reliability of selfreported sexual behavior assessed independently for male and female partners (dyad) in a couple-based HIV risk reduction study. Specifically, we investigate the reliability of couple reports using copulas, adjusting for key individual baseline covariates. We propose applying a copula modeling approach to measure the reliability of self-reported, shared sexual behaviors from couples where measures are assessed independently from male and female partners. In particular, we estimate measures of dependence, such as the odds ratios and binary correlations, using mixtures of max-infinitely divisible copulas with a bivariate logit model. This approach is flexible in measuring the effect of covariates on dependence parameters and for estimating marginal probabilities for multiple outcomes simultaneously. In this paper, we focus on estimating these two dependencies and explore the influences of additional covariate information on the copula parameter. We provide simulation results comparing copulabased estimates to moment estimates of the generalized estimating equation (GEE) for the correlation coefficients with respect to bias and 95% coverage probability. We illustrate that copulas have better performance in terms of bias, while their performance is similar with respect to efficiency. The estimator of the marginal probability using copula methods is robust to the choice of copula family. The choice of copula may affect the estimator of dependency when the dependency of the outcomes is very low. We apply these methods to data from the Multisite HIV/STD Prevention Trial for African American Couples (AAC) Study.
CONTACT TIME AND FOOT STRIKE ANGLES ESTIMATION USING FOOT WORN INERTIAL SENSORS IN RUNNING

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of new algorithms based on foot-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs), to detect foot contact time and foot strike angles in running. Treadmill instrumented with force plate and camera-based motion capture system were use as reference system. For 35 participants running on treadmill with different speeds, contact time and foot strike angle values obtained from IMUs were compared with those measured by force plate and motion cameras, respectively, with a relative error (mean ± SD) of -10.5 ± 2.2% and 3.9 ± 5.3°. This error could be further reduced using a corrective model based on the runner’s speed and foot strike angle.
Distributed Constrained Optimization over Networked Systems via A Singular Perturbation Method and Application to Economic Dispatch

This paper presents an algorithm for a distributed constrained optimization problem. The studied problem has a strictly convex objective function, affine constraints, and an undirected and connected communication topology. The algorithm is based on singular perturbation theory, dynamic average consensus, and saddle point dynamics methods to tackle the problem in a fully distributed manner. An analysis of the global optimal solution is presented. Additionally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to a simulated energy network by a demonstration of two simulations of the economic dispatch problem.