Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of implant surface coatings and composition on bone integration: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review was to evaluate the bone integration efficacy of recently developed and marketed oral implants as well as experimental surface alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search was performed for animal studies, human reports and studies presenting bone-to-implant contact percentage or data regarding mechanical testing. RESULTS For recently developed and marketed oral implants, 29 publications and for experimental surface alterations 51 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated in the available literature dealing with recently developed and marketed oral implants, surface-roughening procedures also affect the surface chemical composition of oral implants. There is sufficient proof that surface roughening induces a safe and predictable implant-to-bone response, but it is not clear whether this effect is due to the surface roughness or to the related change in the surface composition. The review of the experimental surface alterations revealed that thin calcium phosphate (CaP) coating technology can solve the problems associated with thick CaP coatings, while they still improve implant bone integration compared with non-coated titanium implants. Nevertheless, there is a lack of human studies in which the success rate of thin CaP-coated oral implants is compared with just roughened oral implants. No unequivocal evidence is available that suggests a positive effect on the implant bone integration of peptide sequences or growth factors coated on titanium oral implants. In contrast, the available literature suggests that bone morphogenetic protein-2 coatings might even impede the magnitude of implant-to-bone response.
Origin of an Assemblage Massively Dominated by Carnivorans from the Miocene of Spain

Carnivoran-dominated fossil sites provide precious insights into the diversity and ecology of species rarely recovered in the fossil record. The lower level assemblage of Batallones-1 fossil site (Late Miocene; Madrid Basin, Spain) has yielded one of the most abundant and diversified carnivoran assemblage ever known from the Cenozoic record of mammals. A comprehensive taphonomic study is carried out here in order to constrain the concentration mode of this remarkable assemblage. Another distinctive feature of Batallones-1 is that the accumulation of carnivoran remains took place in the context of a geomorphological landform (cavity formation through a piping process) practically unknown in the generation of fossil sites. Two characteristics of the assemblage highly restrict the probable causes for the accumulation of the remains: (1) the overwhelming number of carnivorans individuals; and (2) the mortality profiles estimated for the four most abundant taxa do not correspond to the classic mortality types but rather were the consequence of the behavior of the taxa. This evidence together with other taphonomic data supports the hypothesis that carnivoran individuals actively entered the cavity searching for resources (food or water) and were unable to exit. The scarcity of herbivores implies that the shaft was well visible and avoided by these taxa. Fossil bones exhibit a very good preservation state as a consequence of their deposition in the restricted and protective environment of the chamber. Batallones-1 had another assemblage (upper level assemblage) that was dominated by herbivore remains and that potentially corresponded to the final stages of the cavity filling.
Initial Approaches on Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval Using SMT on User-Queries

In this paper we propose a multilingual extension for OnAIR which is an ontology-aided information retrieval system applied to retrieve clips from a video collection. The multilingual extension basically involves allowing the user to search in several languages in a multilingual video collection. Particularly, the pair of languages we work in this paper are English and Portuguese. In order to perform query translation we use a statistical machine translation approach. Our experiments show that the multilingual system is capable of achieving almost the same quality of that obtained by the monolingual system. Resumo. Neste trabalho, propomos uma extensão multilingue para OnAir que é um sistema de recuperação de informação auxiliado por uma ontologia. O sistema é usado para recuperar clips de uma coleção de vı́deos. A extensão multilingue permite ao usuário fazer buscas em duas lı́nguas em uma coleção de vı́deo multilingue. Particularmente, o par de lı́nguas que trabalhamos neste artigo são Inglês e Português. Para realizar a conversão de consulta, usamos uma abordagem estatı́stica de tradução. As nossas experiências mostraram que o sistema multilingue é capaz de atingir quase a mesma qualidade do obtido pelo sistema monolingue.
The Stationary Distributions of Two Classes of Reflected Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Processes

In this paper we consider two classes of reflected Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) processes: the reflected OU process with jumps and the Markov-modulated reflected OU process. We prove that their stationary distributions exist. Furthermore, for the jump reflected OU process, the Laplace transform (LT) of the stationary distribution is given. As for the Markov-modulated reflected OU process, we derive an equation satisfied by the LT of the stationary distribution.
Torsionally constrained DNA for single-molecule assays: an efficient, ligation-free method

Controlled twisting of individual, double-stranded DNA molecules provides a unique method to investigate the enzymes that alter DNA topology. Such twisting requires a single DNA molecule to be torsionally constrained. This constraint is achieved by anchoring the opposite ends of the DNA to two separate surfaces via multiple bonds. The traditional protocol for making such DNA involves a three-way ligation followed by gel purification, a laborious process that often leads to low yield both in the amount of DNA and the fraction of molecules that is torsionally constrained. We developed a simple ligation-free procedure for making torsionally constrained DNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This PCR protocol used two ‘megaprimers’, 400-base-pair long double-stranded DNA that were labelled with either biotin or digoxigenin. We obtained a relatively high yield of gel-purified DNA (∼500 ng/100 µl of PCR reaction). The final construct in this PCR-based method contains only one labelled strand in contrast to the traditional construct in which both strands of the DNA are labelled. Nonetheless, we achieved a high yield (84%) of torsionally constrained DNA when measured using an optical-trap-based DNA-overstretching assay. This protocol significantly simplifies the application and adoption of torsionally constrained assays to a wide range of single-molecule systems.
European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society

Numerous sets of diagnostic criteria have sought to define chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and randomized trials and systematic reviews of treatment have been published. The objective is to prepare consensus guidelines on the definition, investigation and treatment of CIDP. Disease experts and a patient representative considered references retrieved from MEDLINE and Cochrane Systematic Reviews in May 2004 and prepared statements which were agreed in an iterative fashion. The Task Force agreed on good practice points to define clinical and electrophysiological diagnostic criteria for CIDP with or without concomitant diseases and investigations to be considered. The principal treatment recommendations were: (1) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids should be considered in sensory and motor CIDP (level B recommendation); (2) IVIg should be considered as the initial treatment in pure motor CIDP (Good Practice Point); (3) if IVIg and corticosteroids are ineffective plasma exchange (PE) should be considered (level A recommendation); (4) If the response is inadequate or the maintenance doses of the initial treatment are high, combination treatments or adding an immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drug should be considered (Good Practice Point); (5) Symptomatic treatment and multidisciplinary management should be considered (Good Practice Point).
A Generalized Clustering Algorithm for Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks

We propose a general clustering algorithm for dynamic sensor networks, that makes localized decisions (1-hop neighbourhood) and produces disjoint clusters. The purpose is to extract and emphasise the essential clustering mechanisms common for a set of state-of-the-art algorithms, which allows for a better understanding of these algorithms and facilitates the definition and demonstration of common properties.
West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Monitoring of Wild Birds in Germany

By systematically setting up a unique nation-wide wild bird surveillance network, we monitored migratory and resident birds for zoonotic arthropod-borne virus infections, such as the flaviviruses West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV). More than 1900 wild bird blood samples, from 20 orders and 136 different bird species, were collected between 2014 and 2016. Samples were investigated by WNV and USUV-specific real-time polymerase chain reactions as well as by differentiating virus neutralization tests. Dead bird surveillance data, obtained from organ investigations in 2016, were also included. WNV-specific RNA was not detected, whereas four wild bird blood samples tested positive for USUV-specific RNA. Additionally, 73 USUV-positive birds were detected in the 2016 dead bird surveillance. WNV neutralizing antibodies were predominantly found in long-distance, partial and short-distance migrants, while USUV neutralizing antibodies were mainly detected in resident wild bird species, preferentially with low seroprevalences. To date, WNV-specific RNA has neither been detected in wild birds, nor in mosquitoes, thus, we conclude that WNV is not yet present in Germany. Continued wild bird and mosquito monitoring studies are essential to detect the incursion of zoonotic viruses and to allow risk assessments for zoonotic pathogens.
Platelet-derived growth factor accelerates gastric epithelial restoration in a rabbit cultured cell model.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Growth factors play an important role in gastric wo und repair. The aim of this study was to assess the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in gastric epithelial restoration. METHODS PDGF-BB (1-50 ng/mL) was added to confluent cultures of rabbit gastric epithelial cells after wounding. Regrowth of the epithelial cells was monitored for 48 hours. The speed of cell migration was measured, and cell proliferation was detected by using a 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining technique. The labeling index was calculated for a 0.05-mm(2) area around the wound. RESULTS After wounding, cells at the wound edge formed lamellipodia and showed ruffling movements. The addition of PDGF-BB significantly accelerated cell migration and proliferation as well as gastric restoration. Migration speed was 21 microm/h in control cultures and 32 microm/h and 40 microm/h in cultures containing 10 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL of PDGF-BB, respectively. In control cultures, BrdU-positive cells were rarely detected in the initial 24 hours after wounding, and maximum labeling occurred at 36 hours (labeling index, 3.4%). Cultures containing PDGF-BB showed maximum labeling at 24 hours (labeling index, 6.9%). CONCLUSIONS PDGF-BB dose-dependently accelerated the migration rate and proliferation of cultured gastric epithelial cells after wounding. Therefore, PDGF-BB may play a role in gastric epithelial cell restoration during healing of gastric mucosal lesions.
Innovation Policy and Sustainable Development

In Joseph Schumpeter's view, fundamental breakthroughs of technology are the essence of the process, and they affect the entire economy. Thus technology and innovation policy can also be linked to the three pillars of sustainable development namely economic growth, social equity and environmental protection. Existing production technology and consumer behaviour can produce positive outcomes only up to a point or a frontier; beyond which depleting natural capital has negative consequences for overall growth for the economy. According to OECD (2010), innovation – implying both the creation of new products, processes and technologies, as well as their diffusion and application – can push the frontier outward and help to decouple growth from the natural resource degradation.
EVALUATING MENTAL RETARDATION FOR FORENSIC PURPOSES

Those individuals with mental retardation who make up the small percentage that come into contact with the criminal justice system are predominately male and generally function within the range of mild mental retardation. Yet, people with mental retardation are not a homogenous group. They demonstrate tremendous variation in skills, abilities, and presentation. They may not have any overt appearance of disability, and their cognitive difficulties may not be detected until there is prolonged interaction with them. Consequently, they may not be identified by law enforcement, attorneys, or judges who, by and large, have little training in recognizing mental disabilities. In some cases, an individual with mental retardation may be tried and convicted with no one having an awareness that he or she functions within the range of mental retardation. In such situations, there may also be no awareness that the condition may affect the person’s ability to consult with an
You Are What You Listen To: Young People's Stereotypes about Music Fans

Research suggests that young people use music to express themselves and to make claims about their identities. The current work considered the possible consequences of using music in this way. Using a sample of 80 British young adults, we aimed to replicate and extend previous research on the stereotypes that young people have about fans of various musical genres. It was hypothesized that individuals attribute similar psychological characteristics and social categories to fans of certain styles of music and that those distinct associations are generalizable. Results indicated that judges agreed on both the psychological (personality, personal qualities and values) and social (ethnicity and social class) characteristics of music fans, that the content of the music-genre stereotypes varied between genres, and that the stereotypes are geographically robust. The implications of this work for group processes and intergroup relations are discussed.
Application of Metabolomic Principles to Disorders of Nucleotide Metabolism Reveals New Metabolic Perturbations

A metabolomic analysis of plasma amino acids and acylcarnitines was applied to four disorders of nucleotide metabolism. Multivariate analysis gave score plots that show segregation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient plasma from controls with equivocal results for adenosine deaminase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiencies. Loadings plots revealed the principal metabolites responsible for the discrimination between these classes. There were increases for HPRT in C4-, C6-, and C3-DC (malonyl)-carnitines, and decreased serine. For APRT there were increases in C4- to C10- and C3-DC to C6-DC-carnitines, urea, 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine, and decreased tryptophan. For ADA deficiency there were increases in C4- and C6-carnitines, taurine, and isoleucine.
Telomere-Mediated Chromosomal Instability Triggers TLR4 Induced Inflammation and Death in Mice

Background Telomeres are essential to maintain chromosomal stability. Cells derived from mice lacking telomerase RNA component (mTERC−/− mice) display elevated telomere-mediated chromosome instability. Age-dependent telomere shortening and associated chromosome instability reduce the capacity to respond to cellular stress occurring during inflammation and cancer. Inflammation is one of the important risk factors in cancer progression. Controlled innate immune responses mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLR) are required for host defense against infection. Our aim was to understand the role of chromosome/genome instability in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined the function of TLR4 in telomerase deficient mTERC−/− mice harbouring chromosome instability which did not develop any overt immunological disorder in pathogen-free condition or any form of cancers at this stage. Chromosome instability was measured in metaphase spreads prepared from wildtype (mTERC+/+), mTERC+/− and mTERC−/− mouse splenocytes. Peritoneal and/or bone marrow-derived macrophages were used to examine the responses of TLR4 by their ability to produce inflammatory mediators TNFα and IL6. Our results demonstrate that TLR4 is highly up-regulated in the immune cells derived from telomerase-null (mTERC−/−) mice and lipopolysaccharide, a natural ligand for TLR4 stabilises NF-κB binding to its promoter by down-regulating ATF-3 in mTERC−/− macrophages. Conclusions/Significance Our findings implied that background chromosome instability in the cellular level stabilises the action of TLR4-induced NF-κB action and sensitises cells to produce excess pro-inflammatory mediators. Chromosome/genomic instability data raises optimism for controlling inflammation by non-toxic TLR antagonists among high-risk groups.
Chapter 7 Design and Performance of High-Speed VCSELs

Over the past several years, high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been the subject of intensive worldwide research due to their applications in optical interconnects and optical data networks. The performance of VCSELs, especially with respect to their high-speed characteristics, has made significant progress. In this chapter, we first present the basic theory for current-modulated VCSELs using rate equations and small-signal analysis. Factors that affect the modulation bandwidth, including the intrinsic laser responses and extrinsic parasitics, are identified. Once these limitations are known, we discuss various designs that have been implemented in VCSELs to specifically address them, followed by a review of the current high-speed VCSEL performance based on these designs at several different wavelengths, including 850 nm, 980 nm, 1.1 μm, and 1.3–1.6 μm. Finally, we consider new modulation schemes based on loss modulation in coupled-cavity VCSELs, which has the potential to reach even higher speeds.
Intermediate-mass Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars and Sources of 26Al, 60Fe, 107Pd, and 182Hf in the Solar System

We explore the possibility that the short-lived radionuclides l, e, d, and f inferred to be present in the proto-solar cloud originated from 3–8 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Models of AGB stars with initial mass above are prolific producers of l owing to hot bottom burning (HBB). In contrast, e, d, and f are produced by neutron captures: d and f in models and e in models with higher mass. We mix stellar yields from solar-metallicity AGB models into a cloud of solar mass and composition to investigate whether it is possible to explain the abundances of the four radioactive nuclides at the Sun’s birth using one single value of the mixing ratio between the AGB yields and the initial cloud material. We find that AGB stars that experience efficient HBB ( ) cannot provide a solution because they produce too little f and d relative to l and e. Lower-mass AGB stars cannot provide a solution because they produce too little l relative to d and f. A self-consistent solution may be found for AGB stars with masses in between (4–5.5 ), provided that HBB is stronger than in our models and the (α, n) neutron source is mildly activated. If stars of are the source of the radioactive nuclides, then some basis for their existence in proto-solar clouds needs to be explored, given that the stellar lifetimes are longer than the molecular cloud lifetimes.
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE A REVIEW OF PRESENT UNDERSTANDING

In discussing cerebrovascular disease, some pathophysiological aspects underlying clinical problems are outlined. Only as these are understood more fully can we hope to improve our therapeutic approach and results. Aspects of management are considered at three stages: in the stage of transient ischæmic attacks, in that of established stroke, and in that of recovery from established stroke. Attention to transient ischæmic attacks is of paramount importance for the prevention of permanent lesions, the treatment of which is made difficult by our frequent uncertainty of the underlying pathological process. Methods of preventing further episodes of cerebral damage are still in the stage of evaluation.
3-D Cross-Point Array Operation on  ${\rm AlO}_{y}/{\rm HfO}_{x}$ -Based Vertical Resistive Switching Memory

A comprehensive array operation scheme for a multilayer stacked 3-D vertical resistive random access memory (RRAM) cross-point array architecture is developed. Based on the proposed READ/WRITE scheme, each memory cell in the 3-D array can be randomly accessed. The fabricated AlOy\HfOx-based bilayer vertical RRAM array with excellent device-to-device and layer-to-layer uniformity is applied to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed operation scheme.
Spectroscopy of the Host Galaxy of the Gamma-Ray Burst 980703

We present spectroscopic observations of the host galaxy of GRB 980703. Several emission and absorption features are detected, making the redshift (z=0.966) completely unambiguous. This is only the third known redshift for a γ-ray burst (GRB) host. The implied isotropic γ-ray energy release from the burst is in excess of 1053 ergs for a reasonable choice of cosmological parameters. The spectroscopic properties of the host galaxy are typical for a star formation-powered object. Using the observed value of the Balmer decrement, we derived the extinction in the galaxy's rest frame: AV ≈ 0.3±0.3 mag. Using three different star formation rate (SFR) indicators, we estimate SFR ≈ 10 M☉ yr-1 or higher, depending on the extinction, with a lower limit of SFR>7 M☉ yr-1. This is the highest value of the SFR measured for a GRB galaxy so far, and it gives some support to the idea that GRBs are closely related to massive star formation.
High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being

Recent research has begun to distinguish two aspects of subjective well-being. Emotional well-being refers to the emotional quality of an individual's everyday experience—the frequency and intensity of experiences of joy, stress, sadness, anger, and affection that make one's life pleasant or unpleasant. Life evaluation refers to the thoughts that people have about their life when they think about it. We raise the question of whether money buys happiness, separately for these two aspects of well-being. We report an analysis of more than 450,000 responses to the Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index, a daily survey of 1,000 US residents conducted by the Gallup Organization. We find that emotional well-being (measured by questions about emotional experiences yesterday) and life evaluation (measured by Cantril's Self-Anchoring Scale) have different correlates. Income and education are more closely related to life evaluation, but health, care giving, loneliness, and smoking are relatively stronger predictors of daily emotions. When plotted against log income, life evaluation rises steadily. Emotional well-being also rises with log income, but there is no further progress beyond an annual income of ~$75,000. Low income exacerbates the emotional pain associated with such misfortunes as divorce, ill health, and being alone. We conclude that high income buys life satisfaction but not happiness, and that low income is associated both with low life evaluation and low emotional well-being.