Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining past-time temporal rules from execution traces

Specification mining is a process of extracting specifications, often from program execution traces. These specifications can in turn be used to aid program understanding, monitoring and verification. There are a number of dynamic-analysis-based specification mining tools in the literature, however none so far extract past time temporal expressions in the form of rules stating: "whenever a series of events occurs, previously another series of events has happened". Rules of this format are commonly found in practice and useful for various purposes. Most rule-based specification mining tools only mine future-time temporal expression. Many past-time temporal rules like "whenever a resource is used, it was allocated before" are asymmetric as the other direction does not holds. Hence, there is a need to mine past-time temporal rules. In this paper, we describe an approach to mine significant rules of the above format occurring above a certain statistical thresholds from program execution traces. The approach start from a set of traces, each being a sequence of events (i.e., method invocations) and resulting in a set of significant rules obeying minimum thresholds of support and confidence. A rule compaction mechanism is employed to reduce the number of reported rules significantly. Experiments on traces of JBoss Application Server shows the utility of our approach in inferring interesting past-time temporal rules.
Lectures on Moduli Spaces of Elliptic Curves

These informal notes are an expanded version of lectures on the moduli space of elliptic curves given at Zhejiang University in July, 2008. Their goal is to introduce and motivate basic concepts and constructions (such as orbifolds and stacks) important in the study of moduli spaces of curves and abelian varieties through the example of elliptic curves. The reason for working with elliptic curves is that most constructions are elementary and explicit in this case. All four approaches to moduli spaces of curves -- complex analytic, topological, algebro-geometric, and number theoretic -- are considered. Topics covered reflect my own biases. Very little, if anything, in these notes is original, except perhaps the selection of topics and the point of view.
Facial Expression Classification through Covariance Matrix Correlations

This paper attempts to classify known facial expressions and to establish the correlations between two regions (eye + eyebrows and mouth) in identifying the six prototypic expressions. Covariance is used to describe region texture that captures facial features for classification. The texture captured exhibit the pattern observed during the execution of particular expressions. Feature matching is done by simple distance measure between the probe and the modeled representations of eye and mouth components. We target JAFFE database in this experiment to validate our claim. A high classification rate is observed from the mouth component and the correlation between the two (eye and mouth) components. Eye component exhibits a lower classification rate if used independently.
A transaction-based approach to relational database specification

An operational approach to database specification is proposed and investigated. Valid database states are described as the states resulting from the application of admissible transactions, specified by a transactional schema. The approach is similar in spirit to the modeling of behavior by methods and encapsulation in object-oriented systems. The transactions considered are line programs consisting of insertions, deletions, and modifications, using simple selection conditions. The results concern basic properties of transactional schemas, as well as the connection with traditional constraint schemas. In particular, the expressive power of transactional schemas is characterized. Although it is shown that transaction-based specification and constraint-based specification are incomparable, constraints of practical interest that have corresponding transactional schemas are identified. The preservation of constraints by transactions is also studied.
An oceanographic, meteorological, and biological ‘perfect storm’ yields a massive fish kill

Mass mortality events are ephemeral phenomena in marine ecosystems resulting from anthropogenically enhanced and natural processes. A fish kill in King Harbor, Redondo Beach, California, USA, in March 2011 killed ~1.54 × 10 5 kg of fish and garnered international attention as a marine system out of balance. Here, we present data collected prior to, during, and following the event that describe the oceanographic conditions preceding the event, spatial extent of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen 10 d following the event. Initial recovery of dissolved oxygen in the harbor was facilitated by storm-mediated mixing. No connection was apparent between increased algal biomass or phycotoxins within the harbor and the mortality event, although the fish showed evidence of prior exposure to the algal neurotoxin domoic acid. Our findings underscore the essential role of ocean observing and rapid response in the study of these events and the role that oceanographic processes play in hypoxia-driven fish mortalities. Alterations in upwelling regimes as a consequence of climate change are likely to further increase the frequency and magnitude of upwelling-driven hypoxia and mortality events.
Under Consideration for Publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming Subsumer: a Prolog Θ-subsumption Engine

State-of-the-art θ-subsumption engines like Django (C) and Resumer2 (Java) are implemented in imperative languages. Since θ-subsumption is inherently a logic problem, in this paper we explore how to efficiently implement it in Prolog. θ-subsumption is an important problem in computational logic and particularly relevant to the Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) community as it is at the core of the hypotheses coverage test which is often the bottleneck of an ILP system. Also, since most of those systems are implemented in Prolog, they can immediately take advantage of a Prolog based θ-subsumption engine. We present a relatively simple (≈ 1000 lines in Prolog) but efficient and general θ-subsumption engine, Subsumer. Crucial to Subsumer's performance is the dynamic and recursive decomposition of a clause in sets of independent components. Also important are ideas borrowed from constraint programming that empower Subsumer to efficiently work on clauses with up to several thousand literals and several dozen distinct variables. Using the notoriously challenging Phase Transition dataset we show that, cputime wise, Subsumer clearly outperforms the Django subsumption engine and is competitive with the more sophisticated, state-of-the-art, Resumer2. Furthermore, Subsumer's memory requirements are only a small fraction of those engines and it can handle arbitrary Prolog clauses whereas Django and Resumer2 can only handle Datalog clauses.
Garbage In, Garbage Out: The Vicious Cycle of AI-Based Discrimination in the Public Sector

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly finding its way into the public realm, the pervasive issue of AI-based discrimination against minorities becomes more and more apparent. Although threatening human rights and the successful use of AI, previous research has widely neglected this major challenge. We propose a framework that provides a systematic and functional overview of the social implications and core aspects regarding the emergence, functioning and impact of AI-based discrimination. The framework contributes to digital government research and practice by conveying a holistic and fundamental understanding of AI-based discrimination, which not only makes it clearer and more manageable to researchers and practitioners but which is also vital for developing urgently needed solution approaches.
Visible Light Communication: Concepts, Applications and Challenges

During the last decade, the exponential growth of mobile devices and wireless services created a huge demand for radio frequency-based technologies. Meanwhile, the lighting industry has been revolutionized due to the popularization of LED light bulbs, which are more economical and efficient. In that context, visible light communication (VLC) is a disruptive technology based on LEDs that offers a free spectrum and high data rate, which can potentially serve as a complementary technology to the current radio frequency standards. In this paper, we present a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of VLC, as well as the main concepts and challenges related to this emergent area. We overview VLC technology, from its physical aspects and communication architecture to its main applications and research challenges. Finally, we present the main research platforms available today, along with a deep analysis of the system design and future directions in the field.
Mutual information maximizing linear precoding for parallel layer MIMO detection

In this paper mutual information maximizing linear precoding for MIMO transmission using finite signal alphabets and a parallel layer MIMO detection scheme is derived. The derivation exploits that the mutual information of the parallel detection scheme can be expressed in terms of the mutual information associated with optimal maximum likelihood detection. Results show that the large performance gap between parallel layer detection and maximum likelihood detection in ill conditioned channels can be substantially alleviated by optimal precoding.
Choosing the right knob

People with dementia have problems carrying out multi-step tasks such as making a hot drink. Intelligent systems are being built to prompt people through such tasks. However, the prompts used by these systems are likely to be viewed as novel. As people with dementia are known to be sensitive to novelty this could be a problem. An experiment was performed to determine how to prompt people with dementia with which knob controls which burner on a cooking range. A highly novel implicit attentional cue using fluorescent wire was found to provide comparable or better results than more conventional alternatives. It is concluded that design in this area does not need to be constrained by the need to avoid novelty. The experiment is also of interest because of the way that it was embedded in a natural cooking task suitable for people of varied cognitive capacity.
Comments on the Article “The Toxicology of Mercury and Its Chemical Compounds” by Clarkson and Magos (2006)

provide their perspectives on the toxicology of mercury vapor and dental amalgam. As scientists who are involved in preparing a German federal guidline regarding dental amalgam, we welcome additional scientific data on this issue. However, Clarkson and Magos do not present all the relevant studies in their review. The additional data provided here show that: (a) Dental amalgam is the main source of human total mercury body burden, because individuals with amalgam have 2–12 times more mercury in their body tissues compared to individuals without amalgam; (b) there is not necessarily a correlation between mercury levels in blood, urine, or hair and in body tissues, and none of the parameters correlate with severity of symptoms; (c) the half-life of mercury deposits in brain and bone tissues could last from several years to decades, and thus mercury accumulates over time of exposure; (d) mercury, in particular mercury vapor, is known to be the most toxic nonradioactive element, and is toxic even in very low doses, and (e) some studies which conclude that amalgam fillings are safe for human beings have important methodogical flaws. Therefore, they have no value for assessing the safety of amalgam.
Auditory White Noise Enhances Cognitive Performance Under Certain Conditions: Examples from Visuo-Spatial Working Memory and Dichotic Listening Tasks

This study examines when external auditive noise can enhance performance in a dichotic listening and a visuo-spatial working memory task. Noise is typically conceived of as being detrimental for cognitive performance; however, given the mechanism of stochastic resonance (SR), a certain amount of noise can benefit performance. In particular we predict that low performers will be aided by noise whereas high performers decline in performance during the same condition. Data from two experiments will be presented; participants were students at Stockholm University.
Experiments with Proprioception in a Self-Organizing System for Haptic Perception

We have experimented with proprioception in a bio-inspired self-organizing haptic system. To this end a 12 d.o. f. anthropomorphic robot hand with proprioceptive sensors was developed. The system uses a self-organizing map for the mapping of the explored objects. In our experiments the system was trained and tested with 10 different objects of different sizes from two different shape categories. To estimate the generalization ability the system was also tested with 6 new objects. The system showed good performance with the objects from both the training set as well as in the generalization experiment. In both cases the system was able to discriminate the shape, the size and to some extent the individual objects.
Secondary Surveillance Radar: Sparsity-based sources separation in a real environment

Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) based on multilateration principle and omni-directional antennae are operational today [1], [2]. We proposed several new algorithms to separate a mixture of overlapping SSR replies on a M-elements antenna in previous works [3], [4], [5], [6], other solutions were also proposed in the literature [7], [8], [9]. Unfortunately, a rare event, but important, has not yet been resolved: the impinging of more sources than sensors with an approximate similar time of arrival. This preliminary work studies the use of the SSR sources sparsity property, as in [10], [11], [12]. Real recorded signals in a live environment will be used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Direct Stable Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Model Reference Control of a Class of Nonlinear Systems

In this study, using a model reference adaptation law, a stable fuzzy neural control system is developed. Despite the advantages of Model reference control design technique, which is mainly its power to exactly set trajectories of the system under control, this method is designed for linear system. In this study using fuzzy neural systems, a stable model reference controller for nonlinear systems is developed, Lyapunov method is used to guarantee the stability of fuzzy neural training algorithm and model following of the system under control.
Maternal cured meat consumption during pregnancy and risk of paediatric brain tumour in offspring: potentially harmful levels of intake

Abstract Objective To describe the relationship between specific levels of nitrite intake from cured meat consumption during pregnancy and the relative risk of paediatric brain tumours in the offspring. Design Exposure data were previously collected for a population-based case–control study of paediatric brain tumours; data on nitrite content were obtained by a comprehensive literature review of surveys of residual nitrite content in cured meats published in the USA and Canada. The level of nitrite intake for each mother was predicted by year of pregnancy based on survey results. Dose–response was evaluated both categorically and continuously using polynomial and quadratic spline regression. Setting The US west coast: Los Angeles County, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Area and the Seattle–Puget Sound area. Subjects There were 540 cases diagnosed between 1984 and 1990 at ages varying from 0 to 19 years, and 801 controls frequency-matched by geographic area, age and birth year. Results In general, survey results suggest a trend of decreasing nitrite levels in cured meats over time. We observed a moderate increase in brain tumour risk in the offspring of mothers with relatively low levels of nitrite consumption from cured meats during pregnancy, and a two- to three-fold risk increase in offspring of mothers who consumed 3 mg day−1 nitrite from cured meats (about 125 g day−1 of cured meat consumption throughout the pregnancy). Conclusions A substantial risk of paediatric brain tumour appears to be associated with relatively high levels of maternal cured meat consumption during pregnancy. A more scientifically valid approach than a literature review to estimate nitrite intake from cured meats and data from a large group of highly exposed subjects would be useful in determining potentially harmful levels.
OSMonto-An Ontology of OpenStreetMap Tags

We provide an ontology for OpenStreetMap tags, called OSMonto, which can be used in different ways: (1) browsing of the hierarchy of tags is eased, (2) tags can be related with other ontologies, let it be tool-specific ontologies or more general ontologies like the recent Schema.org ontology supported by the dominant search engines, and (3) concepts can be unified, even if they are tagged in various ways. This will foster the integration of OpenStreetMap into the semantic web.
MEASURING AND ASSESSING UNDERLYING INFLATION

Core inflation measures can help gauge underlying inflation. Headline inflation rates can be volatile, often because of substantial movements in commodity or food prices. Such volatility in a key price index can make it difficult for policymakers to accurately judge the underlying state of, and prospects for, inflation. Therefore, core inflation rates -excluding or downplaying the more volatile price changes so as to reveal the underlying, more persistent components -can be helpful. This chapter discusses ways in which core consumer price inflation can be measured, as well as its potential usefulness for policymakers, based on evidence in the United States, the euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom and Canada. It then uses these measures to assess current inflation conditions in these economies. The chapter proceeds as follows:
Volumes of distribution.

Volumes of distribution are proportionality constants between total amount of drug in the body and plasma concentrations. As snapshot plasma drug concentrations may be measured in different conditions (at equilibrium, under pseudo-equilibrium condition,.), several volumes of distribution have been defined. The two most relevant are the volume of distribution at equilibrium (V(ss)), and the volume of distribution during pseudo-equilibrium (V(area)). Volumes of distribution are used to compute a loading dose (V(ss)) or the residual amount of drug in the body knowing plasma concentrations (V(area)). Volume of distribution may be interpreted in terms of drug distribution having recourse to physiological models involving drug binding to plasma and tissues. Volumes of distribution should be determined early in drug development programmes and those having a large volume of distribution may be selected to obtain a long terminal half-life even for drugs having a relatively high clearance.
Plasma High Sensitivity Troponin T Levels in Adult Survivors of Childhood Leukaemias: Determinants and Associations with Cardiac Function

Background We sought to quantify plasma high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTnT) levels, their determinants, and their associations with left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation in adult survivors of childhood acute leukaemias. Methods and Results One hundred adult survivors (57 males) of childhood acute leukaemias, aged 24.1±4.2 years, and 42 age-matched controls (26 males) were studied. Plasma cTnT was determined using a highly sensitive assay. Genotyping of NAD(P)H oxidase and multidrug resistance protein polymorphisms was performed. Left ventricular function was assessed by conventional, three-dimensional, and speckle tracking echocardiography. The medians (interquartile range) of hs-cTnT in male and female survivors were 4.9 (4.2 to 7.2) ng/L and 1.0 (1.0 to 3.5) ng/L, respectively. Nineteen survivors (13 males, 6 females) (19%) had elevated hs-cTnT (>95th centile of controls). Compared to those without elevated hs-TnT levels, these subjects had received larger cumulative anthracycline dose and were more likely to have leukaemic relapse, stem cell transplant, and cardiac irradiation. Their LV systolic and early diastolic myocardial velocities, isovolumic acceleration, and systolic longitudinal strain rate were significantly lower. Survivors having CT/TT at CYBA rs4673 had higher hs-cTnT levels than those with CC genotype. Functionally, increased hs-cTnT levels were associated with worse LV longitudinal systolic strain and systolic and diastolic strain rates. Conclusions Increased hs-cTnT levels occur in a significant proportion of adult survivors of childhood acute leukaemias and are associated with larger cumulative anthracycline dose received, history of leukaemic relapse, stem cell transplant, and cardiac irradiation, genetic variants in free radical metabolism, and worse LV myocardial deformation.
Active Peer to Peer

Peer to peer is an important way for files sharing. In existing P2P systems, users need to query and retrieve files, and have to know some knowledge, such as file names, keywords or hash values, about those files before searching. However, files on the Internet are not only abundant but also mutable. It's rather difficult for users to determine how, and at what frequency to query. This paper presents a P2P system named Active P2P, which is different from current P2P systems in that documents will automatically come to peer's storage space users shared after user install this system and connect it to the P2P network. In Active P2P system, users can get the most important files on the Internet without querying, which keeps the difficulties of files locating and searching away from users. To achieve this purpose, the basic idea of this paper is to make the naturally passive files into logically active ones which can compete and cooperate with each other. Winners in the competition can reproduce themselves and possess storage space of more peers while the losers will be died out at a higher probability.
Navigation with a sensory substitution device in congenitally blind individuals

Vision allows for obstacle detection and avoidance. The compensatory mechanisms involved in maintaining these functions in blind people using their remaining intact senses are poorly understood. We investigated the ability of congenitally blind participants to detect and avoid obstacles using the tongue display unit, a sensory substitution device that uses the tongue as a portal to the brain. We found that congenitally blind were better than sighted control participants in detecting and avoiding obstacles using the tongue display unit. Obstacles size and avoidance strategy had a significant effect on performance: large obstacles were better detected than small ones and step-around obstacles were better avoided than step-over ones. These data extend our earlier findings that when using a sensory substitution device, blind participants outperform sighted controls not only in a virtual navigation task but also during effective navigation within a human-sized obstacle course.
Control strategies for tendon-driven manipulators

Two antagonist control algorithms are presented. These algorithms are used to control manipulator links antagonistically driven by two actuators via tendons. They have been simulated and experimentally shown to produce better active and passive performance for an electric test system than control algorithms developed earlier. There are two fundamental differences between the control algorithms and earlier ones. First, the new algorithms allow both positive and negative (push and pull) commands to be given to the actuators. Previous systems generated only pull commands, ensuring that tendons would not go slack and give rise to backlash and other problems. The new controllers allow push commands to the actuators, but still do not allow tendons to go slack. Second, each actuator, in addition to being fed back its respective tendon force, is fed back both positive nd negative manipulator joint torques. This feature allows both actuators to respond simultaneously to torque errors. <<ETX>>