Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of care home and hospital admissions and their costs for older people with Alzheimer's disease: findings from a large London case register

Objectives To examine links between clinical and other characteristics of people with Alzheimer's disease living in the community, likelihood of care home or hospital admission, and associated costs. Design Observational data extracted from clinical records using natural language processing and Hospital Episode Statistics. Statistical analyses examined effects of cognition, physical health, mental health, sociodemographic factors and living circumstances on risk of admission to care home or hospital over 6 months and associated costs, adjusting for repeated observations. Setting Catchment area for South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, provider for 1.2 million people in Southeast London. Participants Every individual with diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease seen and treated by mental health services in the catchment area, with at least one rating of cognition, not resident in care home at time of assessment (n=3075). Interventions Usual treatment. Main outcome measures Risk of admission to, and days spent in three settings during 6-month period following routine clinical assessment: care home, mental health inpatient care and general hospital inpatient care. Results Predictors of probability of care home or hospital admission and/or associated costs over 6 months include cognition, functional problems, agitation, depression, physical illness, previous hospitalisations, age, gender, ethnicity, living alone and having a partner. Patterns of association differed considerably by destination. Conclusions Most people with dementia prefer to remain in their own homes, and funding bodies see this as cheaper than institutionalisation. Better treatment in the community that reduces health and social care needs of Alzheimer's patients would reduce admission rates. Living alone, poor living circumstances and functional problems all raise admission rates, and so major cuts in social care budgets increase the risk of high-cost admissions which older people do not want. Routinely collected data can be used to reveal local patterns of admission and costs.
Temporal labyrinths of eastern Eurasian Pleistocene humans

Significance The assessment of the paleobiology and morphological affinities of the Neandertals and other Late Pleistocene archaic humans is central to resolving issues regarding the emergence and establishment of modern human morphology and diversity. One feature, which has been used as a distinctive Neandertal feature in this context, is the apparently derived shape of their temporal labyrinths (especially semicircular canals). Analysis of East Asian labyrinths documents the “Neandertal” pattern in the Xujiayao 15 temporal bone, although none of the Xujiayao human remains exhibits other distinctly Neandertal features. It therefore raises questions regarding possible biological correlates of labyrinthine morphology, distinctive Neandertal features, and the nature of late archaic human variation across Eurasia. One of the morphological features that has been identified as uniquely derived for the western Eurasian Neandertals concerns the relative sizes and positions of their semicircular canals. In particular, they exhibit a relatively small anterior canal, a relatively larger lateral one, and a more inferior position of the posterior one relative to the lateral one. These discussions have not included full paleontological data on eastern Eurasian Pleistocene human temporal labyrinths, which have the potential to provide a broader context for assessing Pleistocene Homo trait polarities. We present the temporal labyrinths of four eastern Eurasian Pleistocene Homo, one each of Early (Lantian 1), Middle (Hexian 1), and Late (Xujiayao 15) Pleistocene archaic humans and one early modern human (Liujiang 1). The labyrinths of the two earlier specimens and the most recent one conform to the proportions seen among western early and recent modern humans, reinforcing the modern human pattern as generally ancestral for the genus Homo. The labyrinth of Xujiayao 15 is in the middle of the Neandertal variation and separate from the other samples. This eastern Eurasian labyrinthine dichotomy occurs in the context of none of the distinctive Neandertal external temporal or other cranial features. As such, it raises questions regarding possible cranial and postcranial morphological correlates of Homo labyrinthine variation, the use of individual “Neandertal” features for documenting population affinities, and the nature of late archaic human variation across Eurasia.
Captopril and increased serum potassium levels.

To the Editor. — Captopril can cause an increase in serum potassium levels, particularly when coadministered with a potassium supplement.1I would like to describe what appears to be a captopril-induced increase in serum potassium level in a patient receiving a salt substitute. Report of a Case. — A 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for treatment of an acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure and hypertension. His serum potassium level on admission was 4.3 mEq/L. In addition to oral nitrates and furosemide, the patient started therapy with captopril, 12.5 mg every eight hours. Serum potassium determinations over the next several days showed a small but steady increase in serum levels of this electrolyte. A review of the patient's chart showed that he had been instructed to follow a salt-restricted diet. The patient stated that he had been "watching his salt" and that he had been using a salt substitute.
Distributed Feature Representations for Dependency Parsing

This paper presents an approach to automatically learning distributed representations for features to address the feature sparseness problem for dependency parsing. Borrowing terminologies from word embeddings, we call the feature representation feature embeddings. In our approach, the feature embeddings are inferred from large amounts of auto-parsed data. First, the sentences in raw data are parsed by a baseline system and we obtain dependency trees. Then, we represent each model feature using the surrounding features on the dependency trees. Based on the representation of surrounding context, we proposed two learning methods to infer feature embeddings. Finally, based on feature embeddings, we present a set of new features for graph-based dependency parsing models. The new parsers can not only make full use of well-established hand-designed features but also benefit from the hidden-class representations of features. Experiments on the standard Chinese and English data sets show that the new parser achieves significant performance improvements over a strong baseline.
Design principles for a dedicated web-based collaboration infrastructure for research publications and resources

Due to the very large amount of research resources and materials available through digital libraries, conferences and websites, the search for relevant and focused research materials in a specific topic can be quite difficult and very time consuming because of the large amount of info available from different sources and formats. This issue is even more relevant for research resources in Arabic format, where unstructured libraries and documents are found in many web-based sources. This paper present design principles for the development of a web-based collaboration infrastructure for the collection, organization, storage and dissemination of related research publications and resources in Arabic and English. This work is at its preliminary stage development specifically for Saudi Arabia higher education environment as a model, overall concepts of the infrastructure is presented with the different phases.
Gray-Area Phenomenon In Information Systems Development: A Call For Research

Previous research suggests that Information Systems and Software Development (ISSD) developers may sometimes omit required tests and not deliver on promised software functionality. This raises the question as to how often, and in which manner, software developers or companies act in morally questionable ways. In related research in other disciplines immoral behaviours of individuals and organizations are called the “gray area phenomena”. However, we find little research in Information Systems on such gray area phenomenon. As the first step towards overcoming this situation, we interviewed 15 experienced IT professionals in order to ascertain both the existence of gray area phenomenon in ISSD, and also to explore the typical issues in this phenomenon. We found a number of issues, which can be categorized into three main themes. We offer implications for research and practice based on our findings. For research, this study aims to open up a new research stream, namely the gray area in ISSD, and suggests a research agenda for studying this phenomenon. As for contributions to practice, the results are relevant for both the individuals using the software that is developed, and for the companies developing the software.
Detecting Regional Modes of Variability in Observation‐Based Surface Ocean pCO2

We use a neural network‐based estimate of the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) derived from measurements assembled within the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas to investigate the dominant modes of pCO2 variability from 1982 through 2015. Our analysis shows that detrended and deseasonalized sea surface pCO2 varies substantially by region and the respective frequencies match those from the major modes of climate variability (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, multivariate ENSO index, Southern Annular Mode), suggesting a climate modulated air‐sea exchange of CO2. We find that most of the regional pCO2 variability is driven by changes in the ocean circulation and/or changes in biology, whereas the North Atlantic variability is tightly linked to temperature variations in the surface ocean and the resulting changes in solubility. Despite the 34‐year time series, our analysis reveals that we can currently only detect one to two periods of slow frequency oscillations, challenging our ability to robustly link pCO2 variations to climate variability.
Rtop-k: A keyword proximity search method based on semantic and structural relaxation

Recently, keyword search has attracted a great deal of attention in an XML database. In many applications which backend data source powered by an XML database management system, keyword search because important to query XML data if the user does not know the structure or only knows the structure of XML partially. Given a keyword query, existing approaches first compute the lowest common ancestors (LCAs) or their variants of XML elements that contain the input keywords, and then identify the subtrees rooted at the LCAs as the answer. But this method doesn't satisfy the user's intention well enough. For users, information containing some keywords (not all keywords) may also be useful. In this paper, we solve this problem through applying relax structural queries during the XML keyword search procedure, and progressively to obtain the top-k answers of keyword proximity search though analyzing the semantic and structural information of the queries. We propose a transformation framework to derive the structural queries by analyzing the given keyword and the structural information of XML database. In addition, we propose a scoring method considering user's preference, and at last, we design an architecture (Rtop-k) to adaptively and efficiently identify the top-k relevant answers of a query. The performance of the technique as well as the recall and the precision were measured experimentally. These experiments indicate that our system is efficient enough and ranks quality results highly.
Characteristics and adaptive control of pneumatic muscle actuators for a robotic elbow

Problems with the control and compliance of pneumatic systems have prevented their widespread use in advanced robotics. However, their compactness, power/weight ratio and inherent safety are factors that could potentially be exploited in sophisticated dexterous manipulator designs. This paper considers the development of a new high power/weight and power/volume braided pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) having considerable power output potential, combined with controllable motion and inherent compliance to prevent damage to handled objects. Control of these muscles is explored via adaptive pole-placement controllers. Experimental results indicate that accurate position control /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/ is feasible with power/weight outputs in excess of 1 kW/kg at 200 kPa being possible. <<ETX>>
Lower Bounds for Dynamic Connectivity (2004; Pǎtraşcu, Demaine)

To specify the problem completely, let elements A[i] come from an arbitrary group G, containing at least 2δ elements. In the cell-probe model with b-bit cells, let tΣu be the complexity of update, and tΣq be the complexity of testsum (which is also a lower bound on sum). The trade-offs between tΣu and t Σ q are well understood for all values of b and δ. However, this entry only considers lower bounds under the standard assumptions that b = Ω(lg n) and tu ≥ tq. Assuming b = Ω(lg n) is standard for upper bounds in the RAM model, and also means that the lower bound applies to the pointer machine. Then, Pǎtraşcu and Demaine [6] prove:
Superrosy dependent groups having nitely satis able generics

We develop a basic theory of rosy groups and we study groups of small Urank satisfying NIP and having nitely satis able generics: U-rank 1 implies that the group is abelian-bynite, U-rank 2 implies that the group is solvablebynite, U-rank 2, and not being nilpotent-bynite implies the existence of an interpretable algebraically closed eld.
Interdisciplinary Analysis of HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses against Variant Epitopes Reveals Restricted TCR Promiscuity

HIV-1–specific CTL responses play a key role in limiting viral replication. CTL responses are sensitive to viral escape mutations, which influence recognition of the virus. Although CTLs have been shown to recognize epitope variants, the extent of this cross-reactivity has not been quantitatively investigated in a genetically diverse cohort of HIV-1–infected patients. Using a novel bioinformatic binding prediction method, we aimed to explain the pattern of epitope-specific CTL responses based on the patients’ HLA genotype and autologous virus sequence quantitatively. Sequences covering predicted and tested HLA class I-restricted epitopes (peptides) within the HIV-Gag, Pol, and Nef regions were obtained from 26 study subjects resulting in 1492 patient-specific peptide pairs. Epitopes that were recognized in ELISPOT assays were found to be significantly more similar to the autologous virus than those that did not elicit a response. A single substitution in the presented epitope decreased the chance of a CTL response by 40%. The impact of sequence similarity on cross-recognition was confirmed by testing immune responses against multiple variants of six selected epitopes. Substitutions at central positions in the epitope were particularly likely to result in abrogation of recognition. In summary, the presented data demonstrate a highly restricted promiscuity of HIV-1–specific CTL in the recognition of variant epitopes. In addition, our results illustrate that bioinformatic prediction methods are useful to study the complex pattern of CTL responses exhibited by an HIV-1–infected patient cohort and for identification of optimal targets for novel therapeutic or vaccine approaches.
Hidden Dimensions of Vibrio cholerae Pathogenesis Newer techniques help in analyzing growth of this microorganism in the intestinal tract and in identifying candidate vaccine antigens

S tudying microbial virulence factors during infections requires care. Because the microbes recovered from infected tissues are in small number, the factors being sought can easily disappear, be lost, or be overlooked, even if those cells are immediately grown in vitro to try to produce more of those factors for study. Indeed, detecting in vivo-induced virulence factors is subject to a kind of uncertainty principle, whereby analytic procedures might perturb or even destroy the system. What really happens during an infection is mostly unknown and remains in a black box. However, we believe that many microbial and host factors are involved in this complex, dynamic process—one with specific spatiotemporal coordinates and many factors and other variables that are being discovered for at least some microbial pathogens. Nineteenthcentury Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell imagined a tiny “demon” to be used to challenge the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The demon’s small size permitted it to observe events that are happening on a microscopic scale. Without Maxwell’s demon to tell them what happens in vivo, mirobiologists developed several ingenious methods over the past decade to analyze complex host-pathogen systems, including among others in vivo expression technology (IVET) and signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM). Recently, we have been applying these and other methods to learn more about Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis and its environmental persistence.
OmpA Binding Mediates the Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 on Acinetobacter baumannii

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has recently emerged as an important pathogen in nosocomial infection; thus, effective antimicrobial regimens are urgently needed. Human antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit multiple functions and antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi and are proposed to be potential adjuvant therapeutic agents. This study examined the effect of the human cathelicidin-derived AMP LL-37 on A. baumannii and revealed the underlying mode of action. We found that LL-37 killed A. baumannii efficiently and reduced cell motility and adhesion. The bacteria-killing effect of LL-37 on A. baumannii was more efficient compared to other AMPs, including human ß–defensin 3 (hBD3) and histatin 5 (Hst5). Both flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence staining showed that LL-37 bound to A. baumannii cells. Moreover, far-western analysis demonstrated that LL-37 could bind to the A. baumannii OmpA (AbOmpA) protein. An ELISA assay indicated that biotin-labelled LL-37 (BA-LL37) bound to the AbOmpA74-84 peptide in a dose-dependent manner. Using BA-LL37 as a probe, the ~38 kDa OmpA signal was detected in the wild type but the ompA deletion strain did not show the protein, thereby validating the interaction. Finally, we found that the ompA deletion mutant was more sensitive to LL-37 and decreased cell adhesion by 32% compared to the wild type. However, ompA deletion mutant showed a greatly reduced adhesion defect after LL-37 treatment compared to the wild strain. Taken together, this study provides evidence that LL-37 affects A. baumannii through OmpA binding.
Typeful Programming

There exists an identifiable programming style based on the widespread use of type information handled through mechanical typechecking techniques. This typeful programming style is in a sense independent of the language it is embedded in; it adapts equally well to functional, imperative, object-oriented, and algebraic programming, and it is not incompatible with relational and concurrent programming. The main purpose of this paper is to show how typeful programming is best supported by sophisticated type systems, and how these systems can help in clarifying programming issues and in adding power and regularity to languages. We start with an introduction to the notions of types, subtypes and polymorphism. Then we introduce a general framework, derived in part from constructive logic, into which most of the known type systems can be accommodated and extended. The main part of the paper shows how this framework can be adapted systematically to cope with actual programming constructs. For concreteness we describe a particular programming language with advanced features; the emphasis here is on the combination of subtyping and polymorphism. We then discuss how typing concepts apply to large programs, made of collections of modules, and very large programs, made of collections of large programs. We also sketch how typing applies to system programming; an area which by nature escapes rigid typing. In summary, we compare the most common programming styles, suggesting that many of them are compatible with, and benefit from, a typeful discipline. Appears in: Formal Description of Programming Concepts, E.J.Neuhold, M.Paul Eds., Springer-Verlag, 1991. SRC Research Report 45, May 24, 1989. Revised January 1, 1993. © Digital Equipment Corporation 1989,1993. This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of the Systems Research Center of Digital Equipment Corporation in Palo Alto, California; an acknowledgment of the authors and individuals contributors to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproducing, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to the Systems Research Center. All rights reserved.
Model Implementation City Government Policy of the Use to Location Arrangement Advertisement Room in the City Makassar

This study in the wake of irregular installation of billboards in the city of Makassar is caused due to the absence of regulation or regulations on spatial planning billboards in the city of Makassar, resulting in the installation of billboards in arbitrary locations / places anywhere can be mounted billboard, by him Makassar City Government really needs to make a policy that is the regulation of billboard space arrangement so as not to spoil the aesthetics and beauty of the city of Makassar. Assuming the theory of George C. Edward III. This study aims to explain and describe the location of the billboard space arrangement in order to become a leading Makassar city of the world and not “rangtassa”, hence the need for the installation of billboards is not on indiscriminate place / location. This research was conducted in the city of Makassar to find some point of the installation of billboards exist in indiscriminate location / place, the unit of analysis in this study is of spatial location of the billboard. This research using qualitative research method of naturalistic qualitative or phenomenological. Sources of data obtained from the informant on several agency related and include: Office Opinion area of Makassar, chairman of the team, 2) the Department of Public Works Makassar, 3) Department of Spatial Planning and Building of Makassar, 4) Beauty and Health Department of the Environment, 5 ) Department of Transportation, 6) municipal police, 7) the installer billboard companies, 8) Aspri (Association of Indonesian Advertising businessmen, 9) Citizen. The results showed that the location of billboards in the city spatial planning Makassar no provision about the regulation or legislation / regulations, so that any employers who advertise or advertisement where she wants that important still pay advertisement tax on Dipenda Makassar, suggested the need for Makassar city government, give or make place / location of the billboard space arrangement models, but so far there has been no regulation / spatial planning regulations on billboards and also the ineffectiveness is due to the coordination of multiple departments or related agencies regarding the arrangement of the billboard space. Index Term: government policy, planning billboards, makassar city