Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamical state of superclusters of galaxies: do superclusters expand or have they started to collapse?

We investigate the dynamical state of superclusters in Lambda cold dark matter (�CDM) cosmological models, where the density parameter 0 = 0.2 0.4 and �8 (the rms fluctuation on the 8h 1 Mpc scale) is 0.7 0.9. To study the nonlinear regime, we use N-body simulations. We define superclusters as maxima of the density field smoothed on the scale R = 10h 1 Mpc. Smaller superclusters defined by the density field smoothed on the scale R = 5h 1 Mpc are also investigated. We find the relations between the radially averaged peculiar velocity and the density contrast in the superclusters for different cosmological models. These relations can be used to estimate the dynamical state of a supercluster on the basis of its density contrast. In the simulations studied, all the superclusters defined with the 10h 1 Mpc smoothing are expanding by the present epoch. Only a small fraction of the superclusters defined with R = 5h 1 Mpc has already reached their turnaround radius and these superclusters have started to collapse. In the model with 0 = 0.3 and �8 = 0.9, the number density of objects which have started to collapse is 5 × 10 6 h 3 Mpc 3 . The results for superclusters in the N-body simulations are compared with the spherical collapse model. We find that the radial peculiar velocities in N-body simulations are systematically smaller than those predicted by the spherical collapse model (� 25% for the R = 5h 1 Mpc superclusters).
Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with the LACK Antigen Protects against Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis

ABSTRACT This study reports the efficacy of a heterologous prime-boost vaccination using DNA and vaccinia viruses (Western Reserve [WR] virus and modified [attenuated] vaccinia virus Ankara [MVA]) expressing the LACK antigen (Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase) and an intradermal murine infection model employing Leishmania infantum. At 1 month postinfection, vaccinated mice showed high levels of protection in the draining lymph node (240-fold reduction in parasite burden) coupled with significant levels of gamma interferon (20 to 200 ng/ml) and tumor necrosis factor alpha/lymphotoxin (8 to 134 pg/ml). Significant but lower levels of protection (6- to 30-fold) were observed in the spleen and liver. Comparable levels of protection were found for mice boosted with either LACK-WR or LACK-MVA, supporting the use of an attenuated vaccinia virus-based vaccine against human visceral leishmaniasis.
Symbol Error Rate Calculation for Alamouti Space Time Coded OFDM in Direct Conversion Receivers

In this paper we present an analytical approach to evaluate the M-QAM symbol error rate (SER) of Alamouti space time coded OFDM direct conversion receivers subject to carrier frequency offset (CFO), channel estimation errors, outdated channel state information and flat receiver I/Q imbalance in Rayleigh time and frequency selective fading channels. Based on correct modeling of the correlation between channel estimates and received signals with carrier frequency offset and receiver I/Q imbalance, the SER can be numerically evaluated by averaging symbol error rates on different subcarriers using an analytical expression of double integrals. The results illustrate that the analysis can approximate the simulative performance very accurately if the power delay profile of fading channels, the receiver I/Q imbalance parameters and carrier frequency offset are known.
Drugs That Target the Stemness Pathways

This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 3089][1] When Michael Clarke ([1][2]) reported data for the existence of breast cancer stem cells, he introduced a new paradigm with the notion that at the heart of our failure to eradicate cancer is the continual repopulation of tumors by a
Chemosensory transduction mechanisms in taste.

Taste receptor cells transduce sweet, sour, salty, and bitter chemicals into receptor potentials that ultimately result in the perception of taste. The mechanisms involved in this process are only now beginning to be un­ derstood, with the application of modem physiological and biochemical techniques to these relatively small and somewhat inaccessible receptor cells. The information that is emerging from these studies is that taste cells, like other sensory receptors, utilize apically-located ion channels and receptors for sensory transduction. Unlike most other receptor cells, however, taste cells utilize a diversity of mechanisms for sensory transduction. This diversity reflects, in part, the varied molecular structures of compounds comprising the different taste modalities. Sweet-tasting compounds include carbohydrates and some amino acids, compounds generally important in nutrition. Salt taste is produced by monovalent cations; intake of these compounds is important for maintaining electrolyte balance. A large assortment of molecules produce the bitter sensation. These molecules include divalent cations, alkaloids, some amino acids, and denatonium, the most bitter compound known to man. Bitter-tasting compounds are often toxic, and bitter taste is thought to have evolved as a warning signal that a substance should be avoided. Sour taste is mediated by protons and, finally, umami taste is elicited by monosodium
The Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Fabrics Impregnated with Dimethyltetradecyl (3-(Trimethoxysilyl) Propyl) Ammonium Chloride

The antibacterial materials such as fabrics, cloths are became important to avoid cross infection by pathogenic microorganisms, especially bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, to control the infestation by microbes, and to arrest metabolism in microbes in order to reduce the formation odour. Textiles for medical and hygienic use have become important areas in the textile industry. Therefore, to reduce/prevent infections, various antibacterial compounds have been used for all types of textiles. The solutions of disinfectant used are generally active in vitro, but, it is also necessary to know the effectiveness of disinfecting cloths in conditions of use. In the current study, it was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of fabrics functionalized with dimethlytetradecyl (3-(trimethoxysilyl) ammonium chloride compound against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, and also after 5, 10 and 20 wash cycles against Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the present study showed that the most susceptible bacterium was S. aureus in all standard test methods for unwashed fabrics, antibacterial activity was continued by decreasing even after washing cycles.
[tiger2] As a standardized serialisation for ISO 24615 - SynAF

This paper presents the application of the format to various linguistic scenarios with the aim of making it the standard serialisation for the ISO 24615 (SynAF) standard. After outlining the main characteristics of both the SynAF metamodel and the format, as extended from the initial Tiger XML format (Konig & Lezius, 2000), we show through a range of different language families how covers a variety of constituency and dependency based analyses.
Optimal Pricing for Submodular Valuations with Bounded Curvature

The optimal pricing problem is a fundamental problem that arises in combinatorial auctions. Suppose that there is one seller who has indivisible items and multiple buyers who want to purchase a combination of the items. The seller wants to sell his items for the highest possible prices, and each buyer wants to maximize his utility (i.e., valuation minus payment) as long as his payment does not exceed his budget. The optimal pricing problem seeks a price of each item and an assignment of items to buyers such that every buyer achieves the maximum utility under the prices. The goal of the problem is to maximize the total payment from buyers. In this paper, we consider the case that the valuations are submodular. We show that the problem is computationally hard even if there exists only one buyer. Then we propose approximation algorithms for the unlimited budget case. We also extend the algorithm for the limited budget case when there exists one buyer and multiple buyers collaborate with each other.
HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN CHILDREN

Abstrak Faktor risiko infeksi Helicobacter pylori adalah tinggal di negara berkembang, kondisi sosial ekonomi yang rendah, jumlah anggota keluarga yang banyak, etnik dan genetik. Tatalaksana dan diagnosis Helicobacter pylori belum memuaskan karena adanya resistensi antibiotik pada pasien Helicobacter pylori. Kami melaporkan seorang pasien perempuan usia 8 tahun 6 bulan yang terinfeksi Helicobacter pylori. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan hasil laboratorium. Pasien diduga terinfeksi Helicobacter pylori karena mengalami nyeri perut berulang. Dari laboratorium didapatkan serologi IgG Helicobacter pylori positif. Pada hasil endoskopi biopsi ditemukan kuman Helicobacter pylori. Pasien mendapat therapi eradikasi lini pertama untuk infeksi Helicobacter pylori yaitu amoksisilin, klaritromisin dan omeprazol selama dua minggu. Setelah dua minggu pengobatan keluhan pasien tidak ada. Kata kunci: Helicobacter pylori, anak, nyeri perut berulang Abstract Risk factors for acquiring Helicobacter pylori infection include residency of developing country, poor socioeconomic conditions, crowded family, and possibly an ethnic or genetic as predispositions. The diagnosis and management Helicobacter pylori has not been satisfied yet, however, there is problem of increasing resistancy antibiotic due to Helicobacter pylori. Objective: We report a 8 year and 6 month old girl who suffered from Helicobacter pylori. The diagnosis was based on history, clinical finding, and laboratory work-up. Suspicion on the presence of Helicobacter pylori was started when the girl had recurrent abdominal pain. Serology IgG Helicobacter pylori was positive and we had done endoscopic examination and biopsy. Therapy this patient was first line eradication Helicobacter pylori which give amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole for two weeks. There are no sympthoms after two weeks therapy Key word: Helicobacter pylori, children, recurrent abdominal pain LAPORAN KASUS
Simulation on Thermal Conductivity of MgO and PbTe by Molecular Dynamics Method

Thermal properties of materials were obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The thermal properties were consisting of linear thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity and thermal conductivity. In this study, we investigated the thermal conductivity in the temperature range of 300-2,000 K for MgO and 300-800 K for PbTe at below melting points at which the temperatures and pressures were controlled. The interatomic interaction used the Lenard-Jone potential into pair ions. The atom velocities were calculated by Verlet algorithm. The potential parameters were added for Bushing-Ida function for the investigation of two body potential. The systems of 4 × 4 × 4 cells on 512 ions (256 cations and 256 anions) were performed for MgO and PbTe. We obtained the simulated values of the linear thermal expansion coefficient which have not been experimentally measured, where the thermal conductivity of MgO and PbTe have been evaluated on only phonon contribution together with literature data.
Motion planning and control of a simplified helicopter model based on virtual holonomic constraints

In this paper we consider the motion planning and control problem of an underactuated 3DOF rigid body. The dynamics of a particular experimental setup as abstraction of the rotational degrees of freedom of a helicopter is studied. The virtual holonomic constraints approach serves as analytical tool to plan various periodic motions of the system, where a synchronization pattern among the generalized coordinates can be specified and a trajectory is obtained from reduced order dynamics. The controller design is based on a transverse linearization along a desired trajectory and ensures exponential orbital stability. Convergence to a desired motion is confirmed via numerical simulations.
Assessing Information Literacy Instruction in the Basic Communication Course

Information literacy is becoming a key component of general education programs nationwide. As a critical part of most general education programs, the basic communication course is on the frontlines of the charge to teach information literacy skills to first-year students. Thus, the information literacy skills of basic course students should be assessed to track the effectiveness of instruction and pedagogical practices. The present study used a pretest/posttest design with experimental and control groups to assess the effectiveness of information literacy instruction in the basic course. As predicted, students in the experimental group outperformed students in the control group on the information literacy measure. Results of the present study have implications for basic course directors and instructors, general education curriculum specialists, and librarians.
Photoluminescence and Raman Studies of Annealed ZnO Nanostructures

The influence of annealing on the optical properties of as-grown ZnO nanostructures prepared in pellets has been investigated by photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. The annealing temperatures of ZnO nanostructure at 600°C, 650°C and 700 °C were conducted in oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) ambient. The near band edge emission (NBE) of samples recorded in the PL spectra demonstrates significant changes on optical signal whereby the NBE is redshifted after O2 annealed and became slightly higher in N2 annealed. Apart from that, weak green luminescence (GL) namely deep band emission (DBE) is observed centre at 532.95 nm (2.23 eV) and 511.00 nm (2.42 eV) for annealed in O2 and N2 respectively, whereas lower DBE observed in as-grown ZnO. On the other hand, Raman shift reveal the phonon mode of the ZnO nanostructures and the E2 (high) mode were downshifted as annealed in O2 ambient, and upshifted in N2 ambient. The downshift and upshift of the E2 (high) mode are correlated to tensile and compressive stress. Moreover the crystallite sizes were calculated from FWHM of XRD and TEM microscopy reveals the nanoplates structure of ZnO nanostructures.
Multiple network-constrained regressions expand insights into influenza vaccination responses

Motivation: Systems immunology leverages recent technological advancements that enable broad profiling of the immune system to better understand the response to infection and vaccination, as well as the dysregulation that occurs in disease. An increasingly common approach to gain insights from these large‐scale profiling experiments involves the application of statistical learning methods to predict disease states or the immune response to perturbations. However, the goal of many systems studies is not to maximize accuracy, but rather to gain biological insights. The predictors identified using current approaches can be biologically uninterpretable or present only one of many equally predictive models, leading to a narrow understanding of the underlying biology. Results: Here we show that incorporating prior biological knowledge within a logistic modeling framework by using network‐level constraints on transcriptional profiling data significantly improves interpretability. Moreover, incorporating different types of biological knowledge produces models that highlight distinct aspects of the underlying biology, while maintaining predictive accuracy. We propose a new framework, Logistic Multiple Network‐constrained Regression (LogMiNeR), and apply it to understand the mechanisms underlying differential responses to influenza vaccination. Although standard logistic regression approaches were predictive, they were minimally interpretable. Incorporating prior knowledge using LogMiNeR led to models that were equally predictive yet highly interpretable. In this context, B cell‐specific genes and mTOR signaling were associated with an effective vaccination response in young adults. Overall, our results demonstrate a new paradigm for analyzing high‐dimensional immune profiling data in which multiple networks encoding prior knowledge are incorporated to improve model interpretability. Availability and implementation: The R source code described in this article is publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/kleinstein/logminer. Contact: steven.kleinstein@yale.edu or stefan.avey@yale.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Frequent mutations of KRAS in addition to BRAF in colorectal serrated adenocarcinoma

Stefanius K, Ylitalo L, Tuomisto A, Kuivila R, Kantola T, Sirniö P, Karttunen T J & Mäkinen M J (2011) Histopathology58, 679–692 Frequent mutations of KRAS in addition to BRAF in colorectal serrated adenocarcinoma
On the Repetitivity Index of Infinite Words

With any infinite word w we associate a function, called the repetitivity index, giving, for any non-negative integer n, the minimal distance between any two occurrences of identical factors of length n in w. Some properties of the repetitivity index are studied concerning, in particular, periodic words, synchronized sequences, smooth words.
Dynamic Antibody Specificities and Virion Concentrations in Circulating Immune Complexes in Acute to Chronic HIV-1 Infection

ABSTRACT Understanding the interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions and antibodies (Ab) produced during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is critical for defining antibody antiviral capabilities. Antibodies that bind virions may prevent transmission by neutralization of virus or mechanically prevent HIV-1 migration through mucosal layers. In this study, we quantified circulating HIV-1 virion-immune complexes (ICs), present in approximately 90% of AHI subjects, and compared the levels and antibody specificity to those in chronic infection. Circulating HIV-1 virions coated with IgG (immune complexes) were in significantly lower levels relative to the viral load in acute infection than in chronic HIV-1 infection. The specificities of the antibodies in the immune complexes differed between acute and chronic infection (anti-gp41 Ab in acute infection and anti-gp120 in chronic infection), potentially suggesting different roles in immunopathogenesis for complexes arising at different stages of infection. We also determined the ability of circulating IgG from AHI to bind infectious versus noninfectious virions. Similar to a nonneutralizing anti-gp41 monoclonal antibody (MAb), purified plasma IgG from acute HIV-1 subjects bound both infectious and noninfectious virions. This was in contrast to the neutralizing antibody 2G12 MAb that bound predominantly infectious virions. Moreover, the initial antibody response captured acute HIV-1 virions without selection for different HIV-1 envelope sequences. In total, this study demonstrates that the composition of immune complexes are dynamic over the course of HIV-1 infection and are comprised initially of antibodies that nonselectively opsonize both infectious and noninfectious virions, likely contributing to the lack of efficacy of the antibody response during acute infection.
Comparing the Hybrid Fluorescent–Radioactive Tracer Indocyanine Green–99mTc-Nanocolloid with 99mTc-Nanocolloid for Sentinel Node Identification: A Validation Study Using Lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT

The purpose of this study was to compare the lymphoscintigraphic drainage patterns of a hybrid sentinel node tracer consisting of the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) and 99mTc-nanocolloid with the drainage pattern of 99mTc-nanocolloid alone, the current standard tracer in many European countries. Methods: Twenty-five patients with a melanoma in the head and neck region (n = 10), a melanoma on the trunk (n = 6), or penile carcinoma (n = 9) who were scheduled for sentinel node biopsy were prospectively included. First, the standard 99mTc-nanocolloid procedure was performed. After injection at the lesion site, lymphoscintigraphy was performed with a 10-min dynamic study and static planar images at 10 min and 2 h after injection, followed by SPECT/CT. The same scintigraphic procedure was repeated after injection of hybrid ICG–99mTc-nanocolloid the same afternoon in 10 patients or the next morning in 15 patients. The paired images of both injections were evaluated, and count rates in the sentinel nodes were calculated and compared. Sentinel nodes were surgically localized using blue dye, a γ-ray detection probe, a portable γ-camera, and a fluorescence camera. Results: Lymphatic drainage was visualized in all 25 patients using 99mTc-nanocolloid, leading to the identification of 66 sentinel nodes in total. These same sentinel nodes were also identified during the second scintigraphic procedure with ICG–99mTc-nanocolloid. Moreover, a high correlation between the radioactive counting rates in the sentinel nodes of both scintigraphic studies was observed (mean R2 = 0.83). Intraoperatively (4–23 h after the second injection), all preoperatively identified sentinel nodes could be localized using radio- and fluorescence guidance combined. In total, 95% of the sentinel nodes could be intraoperatively visualized by means of fluorescence imaging, whereas merely 54% stained blue. Ex vivo, all radioactive sentinel nodes were fluorescent and vice versa. No adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion: The lymphatic drainage pattern of ICG–99mTc-nanocolloid is identical to that of 99mTc-nanocolloid. This observation, together with the added value of intraoperative fluorescence guidance, warrants wider evaluation of hybrid ICG–99mTc-nanocolloid as a tracer for sentinel node procedures.
Effects of an Anterior Ankle–Foot Orthosis on Postural Stability in Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia

Chen C-K, Hong W-H, Chu N-K, Lau Y-C, Lew HL, Tang SFT: Effects of an anterior ankle–foot orthosis on postural stability in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008;87:815–820. Objective:To evaluate the effects of an anterior leaflet ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) on postural stability in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Design:Twenty-one stroke patients with hemiplegia resulting from new-onset stroke and ten normal subjects were included in this study. The SMART balance master system was used to assess the postural stability by measuring the ankle strategy, maximal stability, and velocity of center-of-gravity (COG) movement under the following six conditions: (1) eyes open and fixed support (EOFS), (2) eyes closed and fixed support (ECFS), (3) sway-referenced vision and fixed support (SVFS), (4) eyes open and sway-referenced support (EOSS), (5) eyes closed and sway-referenced support (ECSS), and (6) sway-referenced vision and support (SVSS). Each patient was tested with and without an anterior AFO as compared with normal subjects. Results:When wearing an anterior AFO, patients used ankle strategy more than hip strategy to maintain postural stability in all the six sensory conditions (P < 0.05). An anterior AFO also provided stroke patients with better maximal stability under relatively challenging conditions such as SVFS, EOSS, and ECSS (P < 0.05), but the effect was not apparent in the conditions without external perturbation (EOFS and ECFS) and the most difficult condition (SVSS). The velocity of COG movement was lowered when wearing an anterior AFO in stroke patients, and significant differences existed in the EOFS, ECFS, ECSS, and SVSS conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusions:In the early stage of recovery, the use of an anterior AFO may assist stroke patients with hemiplegia to improve their postural stability.