Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bowen fluorescence lines in symbiotic stars — I. Observational data, line ratios and efficiency

Spectroscopic observations have been taken for eight type-D symbiotic systems in the spectral regions λλ3100–4100 and λλ3700–5700. We show that the O iii permitted lines formed by the O1 and O3 Bowen processes are definitely present in these objects. In this paper the data have been used to calculate ratios of lines arising from the same upper level. The results indicate that the intermediate-coupling radiative rates calculated by Froese Fischer are the most accurate for O iii Bowen fluorescence lines. The efficiencies of the Bowen mechanism for both processes are derived. In spite of the relatively small size of our sample, we find that the efficiencies increase with the fractional abundance of ionized helium and electronic density, but decrease with electron temperature, confirming previous results from studies of planetary nebulae.
Terahertz air-core microstructure fiber

A low-loss terahertz air-core microstructure fiber is demonstrated for terahertz waveguiding. Substantially low attenuation constant less than 0.01cm−1 has been achieved and the guiding wavelength is found to be tunable by linear scaling the fiber size. The experimental results well agree with the simulation based on the finite-difference frequency-domain method, which interprets the guiding mechanism as the antiresonant reflecting waveguiding. The simulated modal pattern shows that most terahertz field is concentrated inside the central hollow air core and is guided without outside interference, which has high potential for guiding intense terahertz waves with minimized loss.
Radiation and receiving characteristics of parallel plate-fed slot antennas loaded by dielectric-coated infinite strip conductors

A hybrid technique that combines eigenfunction expansions with direct singular integral equation methods is used for the exact analysis of parallel plate-fed slot antennas loaded by dielectric-coated perfectly conducting strips. The primary excitation may be either a TE/TM incident mode of the parallel-plate waveguide or an incident E-/H-polarized plane wave. The problem is formulated in terms of a set of singular integral or integrodifferential equations of the first kind, which are discretized using quasianalytical methods. The matrix elements of the resulting system of linear algebraic equations are given either in closed form or via rapidly converging series. This, in conjunction with the small matrix size required, enables one to obtain very accurate results with low computational cost.
Differential transform method for nonlinear fractional gas dynamics equation

In the present study, an analytic solution of nonlinear fractional gas dynamics equation was deduced with the help of the powerful differential transform method (DTM). To illustrate the ability and efficiency of the method, two special cases of the equation has been solved Key words: Differential transform method, nonlinear fractional gas dynamics equation.
Diagnostics for a Cumulative Multinomial Generalized Linear Model, with Applications to Grouped Toxicological Mortality Data

Abstract Toxicologists frequently conduct toxicity experiments in which different treatment conditions are applied to groups of animals and the resulting mortality in each group is measured at a number of discrete time points over the course of the experiment. In this article, we develop and extend a number of diagnostic tools for the detection of mean misspecification, or systematic departures of the mean-link specification, in cumulative multinomial generalized linear models fit to such data. Several real data sets are used to illustrate these diagnostics. These tools help the analyst to differentiate between two sources of lack of fit in such models: mean misspecification and extra-multinomial variation or overdispersion.
Generalized duals, generalized inverses and their applications

Generalized duals and generalized inverses are defined for any general network N consisting of linear/nonlinear, time-invariant/time-varying, passive/active, lumped/distributed elements. A simple method of obtaining these directly for a general planar three terminal network is given. Applications of these concepts in network synthesis are discussed.
Sequential allocation in clinical trials

Suppose two treatments with binary responses are available for patients with some disease and that each patient will receive one of the two treatments. In this paper we consider the interests of patients both within and outside a trial using a Bayesian bandit approach and conclude that equal allocation is not appropriate for either group of patients. It is suggested that Gittins indices should be used ( using an approach called dynamic discounting by choosing the discount rate based on the number of future patients in the trial) if the disease is rare, and the least failures rule if the disease is common. Some analytical and simulation results are provided.
Broad-band single-patch circularly polarized microstrip antenna with dual capacitively coupled feeds

New design of a circular microstrip antenna with dual capacitively coupled feeds for broad-band circular polarization radiation is presented. The dual feeds are with a small top-loaded disk and are connected to a Wilkinson power divider with a 90/spl deg/ phase shift between its two output feedlines. The radiating circular patch, printed on a thin substrate, is supported by nonconducting posts on a conducting ground plane and is excited capacitively through the dual feeds. With a distance less than 10% times the center operating wavelength between the circular patch and the ground plane, the present proposed antenna can provide an impedance bandwidth (VSWR /spl les/2) of about 49% and a 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth of about 35%. The antenna gain bandwidth, defined to be within 1-dB gain variation in the axial-ratio bandwidth, is as large as 28%, with the antenna gain level at about 7.0 dBi.
Process optimization of LIFT through visualization: towards high resolution metal circuit printing

Laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a freeform, additive patterning technique capable of depositing high resolution metal structures. A laser pulse is used to generate small droplets from the donor material, defined by the spot size and energy of the pulse. Metallic as well as non-metallic materials can be patterned using this method. Being a contactless, additive and high resolution patterning technique, this method enables fabrication of multi-layer circuits, enabling bridge printing, thereby decreasing component spacing. Here we demonstrate copper droplet formation from a thin film donor. The investigation of the LIFT process is done via shadowgraphy and provides detailed insight on the droplet formation. Of particular importance is the interplay of the droplet jetting mechanism and the spacing between donor and receiving substrate on a stable printing process. Parameters such as the influence of laser fluence and donor thickness on the formation of droplets are discussed. An angle deviation analysis of the copper droplets during flight is carried out to estimate the pointing accuracy of the transfer. The possibility of understanding the droplet formation, could allow for stable droplets transferred with large gaps, simplifying the process for patterning continuous high-resolution conductive lines.
Verification of supervised clustering validity and its applications

The clustering validity problem decides whether the clustering result of data set is reasonable. The validity functions frequently used for clustering are based on unsupervised clustering, whose central meaning is the confirmation of class number in unsupervised clustering. This paper puts forward a validity function for judging clustering; the numerical experiments prove its validity. For applications in k-nearest neighbor classification, we can view the class center as its representative if the data set satisfies the qualification of this function. In this way, we can reduce the iteration query in all the training data while we only need to compare the similarities between the testing data and each class center. When selecting k-neighbors, we can only choose the nearest neighbor (1-nearest neighbor) in order to achieve precise classification and avoid the trouble of looking for the k-value. This will reduce the query complexity greatly and improve the efficiency of the nearest neighbor algorithm.
BearWorks BearWorks

Genome-wide association studies are very powerful in determining the genetic variants affecting complex diseases. Most of the available methods are very useful in detecting association between common variants and complex diseases. Recently, methods to detect rare variants in association with complex diseases have been developed with the increasingly available sequencing data from next-generation sequencing. In this paper, we evaluate and compare several of these recent methods for performing statistical association using whole genome sequencing data in pedigrees. Specifically, functional principalcomponent analysis (FPCA), extended combined multivariate and collapsing (CMC) method for families, a generalized T 2 method, and chi-square minimum approach were compared by analyzing all the genetic variants, common and rare, of both the real data set and the simulated data set provided as part of Genetic Analysis Workshop 18.
EXISTENCE AND STABILITY OF CONTINUOUS TIME THRESHOLD ARMA PROCESSES

In this paper we define a class of continuous-time threshold ARMA (CTARMA) processes uniquely in terms of the weak solution of a certain stochastic differential equation, and investigate stability properties of these processes. We ap- ply criteria for stability of weak solutions (see Meyn and Tweedie (1993b), Stramer and Tweedie (1994) and Stramer and Tweedie (1996)) to CTARMA processes and thus obtain criteria for transience, Harris recurrence, positive Harris recurrence and geometric ergodicity for these processes. In order to do this it is shown that CTARMA processes satisfy suitable continuity conditions, and so can be analyzed as ϕ-irreducible T -processes (Meyn and Tweedie (1993b)).
The Refinement Rules for Catmull-Clark Solids

Author(s): Joy, Ken; MacCracken, Ron | Abstract: B-Spline curves and surfaces can be de(r)ned by a set of control points and a set of refinement rules. These rules act on the defining mesh of control points to create a new refined mesh. Repeated application of the rules generates a sequence of meshes that converge to the curve or surface. In the surface case, Catmull and Clark extended the refinement rules for the rectangular topological meshes of the B-spline form to meshes that have an arbitrary topological structure. In much the same way, the refinement rules for a trivariate B-spline solid can be extended from those that apply to the regular hexahedral topological lattices of the B-spline form to lattices that have an arbitrary topological structure. We present a uniform development of the refinement rules for trivariate B-spline solids and extend the rules to apply to solid lattices of arbitrary topology.
Rank-Deficient and Discrete Ill-Posed Problems: Numerical Aspects of Linear Inversion

Preface Symbols and Acronyms 1. Setting the Stage. Problems With Ill-Conditioned Matrices Ill-Posed and Inverse Problems Prelude to Regularization Four Test Problems 2. Decompositions and Other Tools. The SVD and its Generalizations Rank-Revealing Decompositions Transformation to Standard Form Computation of the SVE 3. Methods for Rank-Deficient Problems. Numerical Rank Truncated SVD and GSVD Truncated Rank-Revealing Decompositions Truncated Decompositions in Action 4. Problems with Ill-Determined Rank. Characteristics of Discrete Ill-Posed Problems Filter Factors Working with Seminorms The Resolution Matrix, Bias, and Variance The Discrete Picard Condition L-Curve Analysis Random Test Matrices for Regularization Methods The Analysis Tools in Action 5. Direct Regularization Methods. Tikhonov Regularization The Regularized General Gauss-Markov Linear Model Truncated SVD and GSVD Again Algorithms Based on Total Least Squares Mollifier Methods Other Direct Methods Characterization of Regularization Methods Direct Regularization Methods in Action 6. Iterative Regularization Methods. Some Practicalities Classical Stationary Iterative Methods Regularizing CG Iterations Convergence Properties of Regularizing CG Iterations The LSQR Algorithm in Finite Precision Hybrid Methods Iterative Regularization Methods in Action 7. Parameter-Choice Methods. Pragmatic Parameter Choice The Discrepancy Principle Methods Based on Error Estimation Generalized Cross-Validation The L-Curve Criterion Parameter-Choice Methods in Action Experimental Comparisons of the Methods 8. Regularization Tools Bibliography Index.
Stacked InAs Self-Assembled Quantum Dots on (001) GaAs Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

We report stacked InAs self-assembled quantum dot (QD) structures separated by GaAs interval layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a (001) GaAs substrate. The InAs QDs were vertically aligned up to the 9th layer. Strain in the interval layer induced by the lower QD strongly influences the upper QD alignment. A large defect due to lateral In segregation was observed with multiple stacked InAs self-assembled QD structures, which suppresses further vertical alignment of QDs in the upper region and decreases photoluminescence intensity drastically. Optical memory effect of InAs QDs buried in Schottky barrier diode was observed with memory retention time of 0.48 ms for the first time.
Distance properties of irregular LDPC codes

In this paper, we investigate the distance properties of irregular LDPC codes using the ensemble construction proposed by Richardson et al (Ref. 2). By generalizing the method introduced by Gallager for regular LDPC codes [R.G. Gallager, 1963], we calculate the average weight distribution of irregular LDPC codes. Then, we interpret the stability condition of density evolution as a sufficient condition so that the error probability due to low weight codewords tends to zero under maximum-likelihood decoding.
Solitary wave run up and overtopping by a semi-implicit finite-volume shallow-water Boussinesq model

A semi-implicit finite-volume method is described for solving the nonlinear shallow-water equations with the incorporation of Boussinesq terms in a novel manner, allowing runup, rundown and overtopping on impermeable surfaces of variable slope. The model assumes continuous flow, as it is in reality, in contrast to the Riemann-solver approach for capturing discontinuities. Zero pressure gradient is specified at the wet/dry interface. The theory with Boussinesq terms is valid for small wave heights and mild slopes and reduces to the nonlinear shallow-water equations in initially dry areas. The scheme is tested for solitary waves on a horizontal, frictionless bed and applied to runup on various slopes. Comparisons with experiment without breaking are in close agreement. With breaking a numerical filter enables good prediction of maximum runup, although not of profiles during breaking.
Modeling circumstellar envelope with advanced numerical codes

Abstract We propose a modeling study on the formation and evolution of the Circumstellar Envelopes (CSEs) of a sample of selected radio-loud objects, based on an innovative interaction between two codes widely used by the scientific community, but in different fields. CLOUDY (Ferland et al. 1998) is a widely used code to model the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the several objects characterized by clouds of gas heated and ionized by a central object. CosmoMC (Lewis & Bridle 2002) instead is usually used for exploring cosmological parameter space. We investigate here on the exploitation of the sampling performance of the Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) engine of CosmoMC to search for a best fit model of the considered objects through the spectral synthesis capacity of CLOUDY.
The structure and stability of accretion disks surrounding black holes with anomalous viscosity

Abstract. The solution of the steady state of accretion disks surrounding non-rotating black holes is solved by numerical simulations, where we adopt a promising viscosity prescription (i.e. anomalous magnetic viscosity). We can describe the disk more exactly than other studies, because the viscosity we adopted is close to the truth accretion disk. In contrast to previous studies, the curve of the Mach number behaves differently owing to the decline of the local sound velocity with increasing radii. The stability of these disks has been examined. We find that the O-mode (out-mode) is always unstable and its growth rate decreases monotonically with increasing wavelength, in the inner disk and in the outer disk. The I-mode (in-mode) is unstable in the outer disk, but stable in the inner disk when the wavelength is greater than a special value.
Effective distribution functions for electrostatic waves in dusty plasmas with a dust-size distribution

The kinetic theory for the electrostatic modes of dusty plasmas with a distribution of grain sizes is examined. It is assumed that the size distribution predominantly decreases exponentially with the mass for large sizes, and that a power law prevails for small sizes. Thermodynamic equilibrium leads to Maxwellian distributions over velocity with a fixed temperature and continuously varying mass. Smaller particles have higher thermal velocity and dominate the tail of the velocity distribution. The contribution of the dust component to the dispersion function is found to be "non-Maxwellian" and is equivalent to that for a kappa (generalized Lorentzian) distribution of monosized particles. Known results fur kappa distributions may be exploited. However, the nonlinear response of the charge density of the dust to an electrostatic potential is quite different to that of a monosized kappa distribution. In general, the definition of an effective dust distribution function for linearized electrostatic modes leads to a useful straightforward procedure to find the dispersion function. It is important to realize that the combined effects of velocity and size distribution can, in general, strongly modify the kinetic behavior of the plasma dust component.
Compact optical waveguide coupler using homogeneous uniaxial medium

We introduce the homogeneous transformation optics method into the design of a compact two dimensional (2D) beam coupler. Only homogeneous, nonmagnetic dielectric materials are required, and the fabrication process will thus be simplified. As designed, the coupler can well preserve the beam profile, with the volume significantly smaller than traditional non-transformed ones. It also excels in reducing reflectance and thus significantly increases the transmission efficiency. The coupler, with potential application in micro- and nanoscale photonics, can be applied into the design of an optoelectronic circuit that strongly requires compact volume. It can also be used as a compact squeezer or expander to adjust the radius of an optical beam, to couple with other photonic and/or electronic devices.
NEW FIELD RR LYRAE VARIABLES IN THE OUTER PARTS OF THE LMC AND THE PROPERTIES OF THE LMC HALO

Four new type-ab RR Lyrae variables that belong to the field of the LMC were found in the direction of NGC 1466; a possible field variable was found near the Reticulum system. A King model that fits the surface densities of the known LMC field RR Lyrae stars of type ab has a limiting radius of 15 kpc. An exponential disk model that fits these densities has a scale length of 2.6 kpc. These models contain ~104^ type ab RR Lyrae stars and have a central surface density of ~200 of these stars per square degree. The LMC field halo of Population II stars has Mv_~ 15.2 and a mass of ~1.6 X 108Msun_. This halo therefore makes up about 2% of the mass of the LMC, a similar percentage to that found for our Galactic halo. Thus, the efficiencies of the earliest star-formation processes may have been comparable in the two systems. The LMC field RR Lyraes have a period-frequency distribution similar to those found in the outer halo of our Galaxy. The ratio (p) of the surface density of these RR Lyraes to that of the older long-period variables (OLPV) (found by Hughes et al. 1991) is ~13 at some 3 to 4 kpc from the LMC center. This measure of the relative strengths of the halo to an "old-disk" population is within a factor of two of that which would be seen in our Galaxy at the solar distance from its center. The central visual surface brightness of the LMC halo is ~25.5 mag per square arc sec. Its average visual surface brightness (over the area within the effective radius ( ~4 kpc)) is ~26.4 mag per square arc sec. It would be difficult to detect a halo of this faintness in an external galaxy unless the halo could be resolved into individual stars.
Multiperson zero‐sum differential games for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems

In this paper, multiperson zero‐sum differential games for a class of continuous‐time uncertain nonlinear systems are solved using a new iterative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm. The idea is to use ADP technique to obtain the optimal control pair iteratively that makes the performance index function reach the optimal solution of the zero‐sum differential games without the system model. It proves that the iterative performance index functions are convergent to the optimal solution of the game. Stability properties of the system under the iterative control pairs are also presented. Neural networks are used to build the system model, approximate the performance index function, and compute the optimal control policy, respectively, for facilitating the implementation of the iterative ADP method. Finally, two simulation examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The shortest path and the shortest road through n points

Consider a set of n points lying in a square of side 1. Verblunsky has shown that, if n is sufficiently large, there is some path through all n points whose length does not exceed (2·8 n ) 1/2 +2. L. Fejes Toth has drawn attention to the case when the n points consist of all points of a regular hexagonal lattice lying in the unit square, in which case the length of the shortest path is easily seen to be asymptotically equal to
Orbital resonance widths in a uniformly rotating second degree and order gravity field

Aims. In this work I seek to derive analytical expressions for the widths of mean motion resonances in uniformly rotating second degree and order gravity fields. Methods. A Deprit perturbation series is used to derive Hamiltonians valid close to mean motion resonances. These expressions are reduced to the Hamiltonian of a pendulum through canonical transformations. Results. Analytical expressions for the orbital resonance widths in uniformly rotating second degree and order gravity field are derived and tested against numerical simulations. The widths of these mean motion resonances are independent of the rotation rate and the mass of the central body. The general stability of retrograde orbits are explained by the overlap criteria.
HEAO-1 spectra of X-ray emitting Seyfert 1 galaxies

The paper presents the 2-50-keV X-ray spectra and time variability information on seven Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 3783, NGC 4151, NGC 5548, NGC 6814, MK 509, MCG 8-11-11, and ESO 141-G55, obtained with the A2(2) experiment on HEAO 1. It is concluded that the spectra of Seyfert 1 galaxies can be well represented by flat power laws of high-temperature thermal breamsstrahlung models with relatively low column densities.