Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mediation of Coherent Discourse by Kinesthetic Reenactment: A Case Study of an Autistic Adolescent, Part II

An earlier analysis of an autistic adolescent's repeated retellings of a story (Levy & Fowler, 2004–2005) showed how a transition from disorganized linguistic behavior to organized narratives was scaffolded by adult speech. The present article is concerned with the role of kinesthetic enactment in this same transition. The goal of the analysis is to trace the emergence of narrative coherence relative to changes in speech-movement combinations. The analysis yields the following pattern of change: from utterances (1) elicited in the third-person and produced with diffuse body motion, then (2) reproduced while enacted, sometimes in the first-person, (3) elicited without enactment in the third-person, and (4) reproduced in the third-person without specific adult prompts and in the absence of full-body enactment. This pattern is interpreted as a process of increasing explicitation (Karmiloff-Smith, 1986a); relying at first on the grounding of speech-movement combinations in physical space, and later in linguistically created origos (Buhler, 1982). The findings support McNeill's (2005) view of language as a multimodal process that relies on two semiotic modes, the conventional lexicogrammatical categories of speech, and the imagistic and idiosyncratic properties of body motion.
Dimensioning of cable-driven parallel robot actuators, gearboxes and winches according to the twist feasible workspace

Cable Driven Parallel Robots (CDPRs) are a particular class of parallel robots whose legs consist of cables. CDPRs are composed of several components, e.g. winches, pulleys and actuators. The design of a CDPR requires the dimensioning of all these components, according to the task to be performed. The dimensioning of the actuators, the gearboxes and the winches are strictly related to the performances of the CDPR in terms of the platform static and kinematic equilibrium. This paper introduces a new tool, the so called Twist Feasible Workspace (TFW), built in order to analyze the workspace of the platform twists. A pose is said to be twist feasible if the platform of the CDPR can assume a given range of linear and rotational velocities while satisfying the cable speed limits imposed by the actuators and the transmission systems. The size of the TFW is used as an optimization criterion for the dimensioning of the actuators and the winches.
MicroRNA regulation and the variability of human cortical gene expression

Understanding the driving forces of gene expression variation within human populations will provide important insights into the molecular basis of human phenotypic variation. In the genome, the gene expression variability differs among genes, and at present, most research has focused on identifying the genetic variants responsible for the within population gene expression variation. However, little is known about whether microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small noncoding RNAs modulating expression of their target genes, could have impact on the variability of gene expression. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs likely lead to the difference of expression variability among genes. With the use of the genome-wide expression data in 193 human brain samples, we show that the increased variability of gene expression is concomitant with the increased number of the miRNA seeds interacting with the target genes, suggesting a direct influence of miRNA on gene expression variability. Compared with the non-miRNA-target genes, genes targeted by more than two miRNA seeds have increased expression variability, independent of the miRNA types. In addition, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the miRNA binding sites could further increase the gene expression variability of the target genes. We propose that miRNAs are one of the driving forces causing expression variability in the human genome.
Gut DNA viromes of Malawian twins discordant for severe acute malnutrition

Significance Childhood malnutrition is a global health problem not attributable to food insecurity alone. Sequencing DNA viruses present in fecal microbiota serially sampled from 0- to 3-y-old Malawian twin pairs, we identify age-discriminatory viruses that define a “program” of assembly of phage and eukaryotic components of the gut “virome” within and across pairs where both cotwins manifest healthy growth. This program is perturbed (delayed) in both members of discordant pairs where one cotwin develops severe acute malnutrition and the other appears healthy by anthropometry. This developmental delay is not repaired by therapeutic foods. These age- and disease-discriminatory viruses may help define familial risk for childhood malnutrition and provide a viral dimension for characterizing the developmental biology of our gut microbial “organ. ” The bacterial component of the human gut microbiota undergoes a definable program of postnatal development. Evidence is accumulating that this program is disrupted in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and that their persistent gut microbiota immaturity, which is not durably repaired with current ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) interventions, is causally related to disease pathogenesis. To further characterize gut microbial community development in healthy versus malnourished infants/children, we performed a time-series metagenomic study of DNA isolated from virus-like particles (VLPs) recovered from fecal samples collected during the first 30 mo of postnatal life from eight pairs of mono- and dizygotic Malawian twins concordant for healthy growth and 12 twin pairs discordant for SAM. Both members of discordant pairs were sampled just before, during, and after treatment with a peanut-based RUTF. Using Random Forests and a dataset of 17,676 viral contigs assembled from shotgun sequencing reads of VLP DNAs, we identified viruses that distinguish different stages in the assembly of the gut microbiota in the concordant healthy twin pairs. This developmental program is impaired in both members of SAM discordant pairs and not repaired with RUTF. Phage plus members of the Anelloviridae and Circoviridae families of eukaryotic viruses discriminate discordant from concordant healthy pairs. These results disclose that apparently healthy cotwins in discordant pairs have viromes associated with, although not necessarily mediators, of SAM; as such, they provide a human model for delineating normal versus perturbed postnatal acquisition and retention of the gut microbiota’s viral component in populations at risk for malnutrition.
Custody vs care: attitudes of prison staff to self-harm in women prisoners—a qualitative study

Self-harm rates amongst the UK female prison population are disproportionately high. Prison staff potentially have a crucial role in the identification and management of female prisoners at risk; despite this there has been little focus on the attitudes of prison staff towards female prisoners who self-harm. This paper presents such an explanation; qualitative methods were used, with semi-structured interviews with eight prison officers and five healthcare staff from one female prison in the North of England. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed iteratively, until category saturation was achieved. The data suggests that prison staff labelled self-harm as either ‘genuine' or ‘non-genuine. ’ Women whose self-harm was perceived as non-genuine by staff were viewed as ‘rational manipulators,’ self-harming to achieve particular ends. Staff described feelings of resentment towards these women. Most staff reported that balancing their welfare and security functions was difficult, feeling most confident with their custody role. They described feeling untrained and unsupported in their welfare role, and pressurised due to time constraints and reported low staffing levels. This combination of factors left most staff reporting lack of confidence in dealing with women who self-harm.
The impact of administration mode on response effects in survey measurement

The major differences between face-to-face and telephone interviews as well as self-administered questionnaires are reviewed and are related to the cognitive and communicative processes assumed to underlie the process of question answering. Based on these considerations the impact of administration mode on the emergence of well-known response effects in survey measurement is discussed, and relevant experimental evidence is reported. It is concluded that administration mode affects the emergence of question order and context effects; the emergence of response order effects; the validity of retrospective reports; and the degree of socially desirable responding. The emergence of question wording and question form effects, on the other hand, appears to be relatively independent of administration mode.
The role of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Mitochondria play critical roles in neuronal function and almost all aspects of mitochondrial function are altered in Alzheimer neurons. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo continuous fission and fusion, the balance of which not only controls mitochondrial morphology and number, but also regulates mitochondrial function and distribution. In this review, after a brief overview of the basic mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion and how mitochondrial dynamics affects mitochondrial function, we will discuss in detail our and others’ recent work demonstrating abnormal mitochondrial morphology and distribution in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models and how these abnormalities may contribute to mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction in AD. We propose that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics plays a key role in causing the dysfunction of mitochondria that ultimately damage AD neurons.
FD-Autotune: Domain-Speciﬁc Conﬁguration using Fast Downward

The FD-Autotune learning planning system is based on the idea of domain-speciﬁc conﬁguration of the latest, highly parametric version of the Fast Downward Planning Framework by means of a generic automated algorithm conﬁgura-tion procedure. We describe how the extremely large con-ﬁguration space of Fast Downward was restricted to a sub-space that, although still very large, can be managed by state-of-the-art automated conﬁguration procedures. FD-Autotune uses the well-known ParamILS conﬁgurator and was realised using the recently developed HAL experimentation environment.
FEATURE SUBSET SELECTION AND CLASSIFICATION USING HYBRID IMPROVED SVM

Many feature subset selection algorithms have been proposed, but not all of them are appropriate for a given feature selection problem. At the same time, so far there is rarely a good way to choose appropriate feature subset selection algorithms for the problem at hand. Feature selection has become an essential element in the Data Mining process. In this paper, investigate the problem of efficient feature selection for classification on High Dimensional datasets. present a feature reduction method for overcome a loss of accuracy of classification after that perform a classification process with the aid of modified fuzzy c-means clustering with rough set theory it is used to perform a feature selection process. Once the feature reduction is formed, the classification will be done based on the Hybrid kernel based Improved SVM (ISVM) classifier. In this classification, the optimal kernel is identified using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO).
Communication at A Distance : The Influence of Print on Sociocultural Organization and Change

This book bridges an important gap between two major approaches to mass communication -- historical and social scientific. To do so, it employs a theory of communication that unifies social, cultural and technological concerns into a systematic and formal framework that is then used to examine the impact of print within the larger socio-cultural context and across multiple historical contexts. The authors integrate historical studies and more abstract formal representations, achieving a set of logically coherent and well-delimited hypotheses that invite further exploration, both historically and experimentally. A second gap that the book addresses is in the area of formal models of communication and diffusion. Such models typically assume a homogeneous population and a communication whose message is abstracted from the complexities of language processing. In contrast, the model presented in this book treats the population as heterogeneous and communications as potentially variable in their content as they move across speakers or readers. Written to address and overcome many of the disciplinary divisions that have prevented the study of print from being approached from the perspective of a unified theory, this book employs a focused interdisciplinary position that encompasses several domains. It shows the underlying compatibility between cognitive and social theory; between the study of language and cognition and the study of technology; between the postmodern interest in the instability of meaning and the social science interest in the diffusion of information; between the effects of technology and issues of cultural homogeneity and heterogeneity. Overall, this book reveals how small, relatively non-interactive, disciplinary-specific conversations about print are usefully conceived of as part of a larger interdisciplinary inquiry.
Region labelling using a point-based coherence criterion

Query By Visual Example (QBVE) has been widely exploited in image retrieval. Global visual similarity as well as points of interest matching have proven their efficiency when example image/region is available. If starting image is missing, the Query By Visual Thesaurus (QBVT) paradigm offsets it by allowing the user to compose his mental query image through visual patches summarizing the region database. In this paper, we propose to enrich the paradigm of mental image search by constructing a reliable visual thesaurus of the regions provided by a new coherence criterion. Our criterion encapsulates the local distribution of detected points of interest within a region. It leads to semantic labelling of regions categories using points spatial topology. Our point-based criterion has been validated on a generic image database combining homogenous regions as well as irregularly and fully textured patterns.
Chronic Hepatosplenomegaly in African School Children: A Common but Neglected Morbidity Associated with Schistosomiasis and Malaria

Chronic hepatosplenomegaly, which is known to have a complex aetiology, is common amongst children who reside in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Two of the more common infectious agents of hepatosplenomegaly amongst these children are malarial infections and schistosomiasis. The historical view of hepatosplenomegaly associated with schistosomiasis is that it is caused by gross periportal fibrosis and resulting portal hypertension. The introduction of ultrasound examinations into epidemiology studies, used in tandem with clinical examination, showed a dissociation within endemic communities between presentation with hepatosplenomegaly and ultrasound periportal fibrosis, while immuno-epidemiological studies indicate that rather than the pro-fibrotic Th2 response that is associated with periportal fibrosis, childhood hepatosplenomegaly without ultrasound-detectable fibrosis is associated with a pro-inflammatory response. Correlative analysis has shown that the pro-inflammatory response is also associated with chronic exposure to malarial infections and there is evidence of exacerbation of hepatosplenomegaly when co-exposure to malaria and schistosomiasis occurs. The common presentation with childhood hepatosplenomegaly in rural communities means that it is an important example of a multi-factorial disease and its association with severe and subtle morbidities underlies the need for well-designed public health strategies for tackling common infectious diseases in tandem rather than in isolation.
The impact of the ‘Teaching English through English’ policy on teachers and teaching in South Korea

In recent years, Asian countries including South Korea have been trying to redefine the role of English in response to globalisation. The impact of this on English language teaching and on Korean society more generally has been well documented; however, the impact of this change on individual teachers and their teaching calls for further attention. This article investigates the impact of an in-service teacher certification scheme which promotes English as the medium of instruction (MOI) for teaching English in the South Korean context, and examines the factors which shaped this impact. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders and insights from a larger case study of which these interviews form a part, this article provides important insights into the implementation and impact of language planning and policy (LPP). It examines the ways in which particular elements of the design of LPP, their implementation and the context interact to affect teachers and their adoption of English as the MOI. It also draws attention to unplanned impacts of LPP including significant shifts in teachers' identity. It concludes with wider implications for future LPP which aims to change the relative importance and roles of a foreign language.
The Response to Novel Foods in Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): The Effects of Different Social Contexts

The main aim of this study was to verify if the response to novel foods in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is influenced by different social settings. This question was tested in three tests involving four social groups. The data regarding the response to novel foods were collected from a total of eight food-naive young. In particular, we explored if direct contacts between food-naive and experienced individuals would have a different effect on the response to novel food by the first, in comparison with a situation in which only visual contacts were allowed. These two different social settings were then compared to a situation in which the response to novel food was not mediated by the experience of group-mates. The results showed a significantly higher number of intervals in which naive young, in social settings, were observed feeding compared with a control test. However, this result was confirmed only in the case of novel foods, not in the case of familiar foods. Furthermore, in the tests in which direct social contacts were allowed, naive young obtained food from group-mates significantly more often in the case of novel than familiar foods. This study suggests that although naive young, when left in pairs, responded quickly to novel foods without the need to observe or interact with experienced group-mates, a process of social facilitation was evident. Such a process was not observed in the case of familiar foods, confirming the hypothesis that social facilitation operates in order to acquire novel foods in the diet of the group in the long term.
The Relationship Between Cultural Characteristics and Preference for Active vs. Passive Tourist Activities

ABSTRACT A study conducted among 1429 university students in eleven countries discovered that Hofstede's cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance (UA), masculinity/femininity (MF) and individualism/collectivism (IC) had an effect on the subjects' choice of active vs. passive tourist activities. First, it was found that subjects from low UA cultures preferred more dynamic and active tourist activities than those coming from high UA cultures. Second, subjects from masculine cultures preferred more dynamic and active tourist activities than those coming from feminine cultures. Third, subjects from individualist cultures preferred more dynamic and active tourist activities than those coming from collectivist cultures.
Performance Directed Technology Mapping for Look-Up Table Based FPGAs

In this paper we present a new approach to performance optimized mapping for Look-Up Table (LUT) based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Our approach is to first perform area efficient level reductions and then reinforce these by minimizing wirelengths using timing driven placement. Experimental results indicate that our approach produces designs that have upto 12% fewer levels, 48% fewer LUTs, and 39% fewer connections compared to other approaches [2] [4]. These designs when placed using APR [6] were on the average 20% faster compared to those mapped using XNFMAP [6]. These designs when placed using APR [6] with the constraints that were generated by our timing driven placer were on the average 31% faster compared to those produced by XNFMAP [6].
Flavonoids from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Up-Regulate Endothelial-Type Nitric-Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) represents an antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic principle in the vasculature. Hence, an enhanced expression of eNOS in response to pharmacological interventions could provide protection against cardiovascular diseases. In EA.hy 926 cells, a cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), an artichoke leaf extract (ALE) increased the activity of the human eNOS promoter (determined by luciferase reporter gene assay). An organic subfraction from ALE was more potent in this respect than the crude extract, whereas an aqueous subfraction of ALE was without effect. ALE and the organic subfraction thereof also increased eNOS mRNA expression (measured by an RNase protection assay) and eNOS protein expression (determined by Western blot) both in EA.hy 926 cells and in native HUVECs. NO production (measured by NO-ozone chemiluminescence) was increased by both extracts. In organ chamber experiments, ex vivo incubation (18 h) of rat aortic rings with the organic subfraction of ALE enhanced the NO-mediated vasodilator response to acetylcholine, indicating that the up-regulated eNOS remained functional. Caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids are two major groups of constituents of ALE. Interestingly, the flavonoids luteolin and cynaroside increased eNOS promoter activity and eNOS mRNA expression, whereas the caffeoylquinic acids cynarin and chlorogenic acid were without effect. Thus, in addition to the lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties of artichoke, an increase in eNOS gene transcription may also contribute to its beneficial cardiovascular profile. Artichoke flavonoids are likely to represent the active ingredients mediating eNOS up-regulation.
Available in Selected Metros Only Rural Melancholy and the Promise of Online Connectivity

This article considers the benefits a cultural studies perspective can offer debates around rural and regional telecommunications provision. It begins with a critique of the metrocentrism dominant in recent scholarship of new media, arguing that academic, business and government discourses share progressivist assumptions in equating online connectivity with freedom. It highlights how the gap between the promotion of connectivity and actually existing infrastructure leads to an ontological resilience among rural residents who 'make do' with deferred promises of community and participation. The relationship this bears to the political subjectivities described in recent queer theory is briefly explored. The article develops to suggest that a parachute model of policy consultation privileges those in rural communities with the social and cultural capital to advance established interests – leaving the everyday lives of the majority of residents unrecognised. In encouraging ethnographic studies of technology use that spend time in rural locations, the paper concludes that the different priorities that drive country life – the prominence of environmental concerns, the importance of civic institutions, and above all, distance from the temporalities that dictate the terms for assessing political participation – offer important correctives to the ideologies of individualism and innovation that drive new media consumption.