Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resolving Measurement Errors Inherent with Time-of-Flight Range Imaging Cameras

Range imaging cameras measure the distance to objects in the field-of-view (FoV) of the camera, these cameras enable new machine vision applications in robotics, manufacturing, and human computer interaction. Time-of-flight (ToF) range cameras operate by illuminating the scene with amplitude modulated continuous wave (AMCW) light and measuring the phase difference between the emitted and reflected modulation envelope. Currently ToF range cameras suffer from measurement errors that are highly scene dependent, and these errors limit the accuracy of the depth measurement. The major cause of measurement errors is multiple propagation paths from the light source to pixel, known as multi-path interference. Multi-path interference typically arises from: inter-reflections, lens flare, subsurface scattering, volumetric scattering, and translucent objects. This thesis contributes three novel methods for resolving multi-path interference: coding in time, coding in frequency, and coding in space. Time coding is implemented by replacing the single frequency amplitude modulation with a binary sequence. Fundamental to ToF range cameras is the cross-correlation between the reflected light and a reference signal. The measured cross-correlation depends on the selection of the binary sequence. With selection of an appropriate binary sequence and using sparse deconvolution on the measured cross-correlation the multiple return path lengths and their amplitudes can be recovered. However, the minimal resolvable path length is dependent on the highest frequency in the binary sequence. Frequency coding is implemented by taking multiple measurements at different modulation frequencies. A subset of frequency coding is operating the camera in a mode analogous to stepped frequency continuous wave (SFCW). Frequency coding uses techniques from radar to resolve multiple propagation paths. The minimal resolvable path length is dependent on the camera’s modulation bandwidth and the spectrum estimation technique used to recover distance, and it is shown that SFCW can be used to measure depth of objects
Effect of wall-boundary disturbances on turbulent channel flows

The interaction between the wall and the core region of turbulent channels is studied using direct numerical simulations at friction Reynolds number ${\hbox{\it Re}}_{\tau} \approx 630$. In these simulations the near-wall energy cycle is effectively removed, replacing the smooth-walled boundary conditions by prescribed velocity disturbances with non-zero Reynolds stress at the walls. The profiles of the first- and second-order moments of the velocity are similar to those over rough surfaces, and the effect of the boundary condition on the mean velocity profile is described using the equivalent sand roughness. Other effects of the disturbances on the flow are essentially limited to a layer near the wall whose height is proportional to a length scale defined in terms of the additional Reynolds stress. The spectra in this roughness sublayer are dominated by the wavenumber of the velocity disturbances and by its harmonics. The wall forcing extracts energy from the flow, while the normal equilibrium between turbulent energy production and dissipation is restored in the overlap region. It is shown that the structure and the dynamics of the turbulence outside the roughness sublayer remain virtually unchanged, regardless of the nature of the wall. The detached eddies of the core region only depend on the mean shear, which is not modified beyond the roughness sublayer by the wall disturbances. On the other hand, the large scales that are correlated across the whole channel scale with $U_{\hbox{\scriptsize{\it LOG}}}=u_{\tau}\kappa^{-1}\log({\hbox{\it Re}}_\tau)$, both in smooth- and in rough-walled flows. This velocity scale can be interpreted as a measure of the velocity difference across the log layer, and it is used to modify the scaling proposed and validated by del Álamo et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 500, 2004, p. 135) for smooth-walled flows.
Specification, Estimation, and Analysis of Macroeconometric Models.

This book is printed on acid-free paper, and its binding materials have been chosen for strength and durability. To my children, Emily and Stephen, without whom considerable time would have been saved in completion qf this book-but . ro much joy lost Acknowledgments The beginnings of this book go back to my graduate student days, and thus my indebtedness to others is substantial. My thesis advisers at MIT, Although what is commonly referred to as " Yale macro " is quite different in emphasis from my own work (see the discussion in Section 3.1. I), 1 have clearly profited from the lively and stimulating environment at Yale University. Taylor for comments on various drafts. Part of the work in Chapter 6 was done jointly with William Parke, and much of that in Chapter 11 was done jointly with John Taylor. I am also grateful to a number of students, in particular to Lewis Alexander and Tae Dong Kim, for helpful comments. None of these individuals should, of course, be held accountable for the material: all errors are mine. Christopher Baum and Jack Ciccolo provided considerable assistance in the use of the VAX computer at Boston College. Glena Ames, as usual, provided outstanding typing; all the tables in this volume were typed by her. Much of my research, including the work for this book, has been funded by the National Science Foundation (current grant number SOC77-03274).
On a Sparre Andersen risk model perturbed by a spectrally negative Lévy process

In this paper, we consider a Sparre Andersen risk model perturbed by a spectrally negative Lévy process (SNLP). Assuming that the interclaim times follow a Coxian distribution, we show that the Laplace transforms and defective renewal equations for the Gerber–Shiu functions can be obtained by employing the roots of a generalized Lundberg equation. When the SNLP is a combination of a Brownian motion and a compound Poisson process with exponential jumps, explicit expressions and asymptotic formulas for the Gerber–Shiu functions are obtained for exponential claim size distribution and heavy-tailed claim size distribution, respectively.
Clinical Correlation of Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns at King Abdulaziz Hospital Al-Ahsa Eastern Province

Objective: Exploring the prevalence of alteration in left ventricular (LV) geometry by echocardiography and their correlation with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Background: Alterations in LV geometry, by echocardiography, is an important prognostic determinant of CVD morbidity and mortality. Yet it is an underutilized tool and has yet to be established in laboratories. Methods: Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated by M-mode echocardiography. Patients were classified into four groups based on RWT and LVMI: normal geometry, concentric remodeling (CR), eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (eLVH), and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (cLVH). Results: LV geometry patterns revealed normal geometry prevalence (43.46%), followed by CR (30.76%). The commonest CV risk factor was hypertension (HTN) (85%), followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) (72%). A strong association was identified between CVD and LV geometry changes (p-value < 0.005). CVD prevalence among total patients was 66.5% within this group; coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence was 55.5% (p-value < 0.029), and heart failure (HF) prevalence was 29.6% (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: We strongly reinforce routine echocardiograms in determining LVM, RWT, and LV geometry patterns. It is an important, underutilized diagnostic and prognostic tool in risk stratification of patients with CVD and altered LV geometry and mass. Future studies for incorporating LVM and RWT in clinical decision algorithms are warranted.
New high efficiency ESPRIT method on DOA estimate of coherent sources

ESPRIT algorithm is a common algorithm of high speed and high precision,but it didn't estimate coherent signal.Aiming at the bug,this paper proposed a new improved ESPRIT algorithm of DOA(direction of arrival) estimate of high efficiency and coherent source.Eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the data correlation matrix could be arranged via method which was raised.It solved the following problem of routine ESPRIT algorithm:not estimating coherent signal.Meanwhile,compared with routine ESPRIT algorithm,it greatly simplified computable course.Computer simulator realization makes sure that it is DOA estimate algorithm of high efficiency,resolution and precision in estimating coherent signals,it provides new approach which ESPRIT algorithm of estimating coherent source has application on high resolving field of array signal.
Design of a SiGe-Si quantum-well optical modulator

A light modulator consisting of modulation-doped SiGe-Si multiple quantum wells integrated in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide is designed. The device is based on the electrorefractive effect due to the variation of holes density in the SiGe wells, induced by applying a reverse bias on a PIN diode. This mechanism is simulated by numerical calculations of the hole distribution coupled with the optical guided mode propagation characteristics. The mode effective index variation of TE-polarized light at the 1.31-/spl mu/m wavelength can then be obtained as a function of the applied bias. The influences of the structure parameters such as the thickness and the doping level of the doped barrier layers or the number of SiGe wells is analyzed thanks to a design of experiment method. The optimization gives an effective index variation of 2.10/sup -4/ for an applied bias voltage of 6 V. To obtain optical intensity modulation, this structure has to be included in a Fabry-Perot cavity. The modulation performances are analyzed.
Silicon-based phase shifters for high figure of merit in optical modulation

This paper focuses on latest progress in experimental and theoretical studies on silicon-based carrier-depletion PNjunction phase shifters in terms of high modulation efficiency for energy-efficient photonic networks of high transmission capacity. Modulation efficiency of rib-waveguide phase shifters having various PN-junction configuration are characterized with respect to DC figure of merit defined for phase shifters using carrier-plasma dispersion as the physical principle of refractive-index modulation. In addition, RF drive voltage required for 10-Gb/s on-off keying is characterized for rib-waveguide phase shifters including lateral and vertical PN-junction configurations.
A Decentralized Eigenvalue Computation Method for Spectrum Sensing Based on Average Consensus

Abstract This paper considers eigenvalue estimation for the decentralized inference problem for spectrum sensing. We propose a decentralized eigenvalue computation algorithm based on the power method, which is referred to as generalized power method GPM; it is capable of estimating the eigenvalues of a given covariance matrix under certain conditions. Furthermore, we have developed a decentralized implementation of GPM by splitting the iterative operations into local and global computation tasks. The global tasks require data exchange to be performed among the nodes. For this task, we apply an average consensus algorithm to efficiently perform the global computations. As a special case, we consider a structured graph that is a tree with clusters of nodes at its leaves. For an accelerated distributed implementation, we propose to use computation over multiple access channel (CoMAC) as a building block of the algorithm. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the two algorithms.
Beyond universality in random matrix theory

In random matrix theory, we study the histogram of eigenvalues of matrices sampled from given distributions on their entries, asymptotically as the dimension grows. The (computationally) nicest case { independent Gaussian entries { was initiated by Wigner in the 1950s, and by the 1980s this case was pretty completely understood. In the last decade, the subject has exploded. Most attention has thus far been focused on two natural broad generalizations of the Gaussian case: either to matrices with independent entries sampled from some other distribution, or matrices whose joint density of entries has a log-concave potential. In both scenarios, we now know the asymptotic behavior is "universal": the limit law of eigenvalues, their fluctuations around this limit, and ner statistics like asymptotic spacing and edge behavior, are all the same essentially independent of the specic model used. In this talk I will discuss the main story of random matrices as we know it today, and also discuss a very new direction: a third broad generalization of "Gaussian" matrices. Thinking of a Gaussian as the solution to the heat equation on a linear space of matrices, I have been studying the eigenvalues of heat kernel distributed random matrices on Lie groups. As we will discuss, some of the "universal" behavior from the studied models persists (like the size and form of the fluctuations), but in most cases, these models yield completely new asymptotics that we are only beginning to understand.
Constant Velocity Concept for Supercritical Branch Channel Flow

Based on the experimentally discovered fact that the mean velocity in the main channel remains practically constant across the branch offtake for supercritical flow in the main with free flow into the branch, it has been shown that the discharge distribution is a function of only the ‘branch channel parameter’’ which is given by the equation λ =L/B/F1 where L is the width of the branch offtake, B is the width of the main channel and F1 is the Fronde number in the main just before the branch. The theoretical discharge distribution developed has been experimentally checked for values of ? in the range 0.1
Manipulation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons by Phase Modulation of Source Field with Inverse Problem Algorithm

The predetermined field distributions can be achieved by phase modulation of the source field to manipulate the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The modulations of the radius of the circular slit are according to the phase distributions on the slit, which are calculated by using the Gerchberg—Saxton algorithm with the known field. We design the surface geometric shape of the radius-varied circular slit for exciting the SPP field with the linear, triangular, square and circular distribution characteristics, respectively. The slit structure designed for the circular field distribution is a plasmonic vortex lens that can be used to generate the vortex with the specified size of the primary ring, which shows that this heuristic method has the potential to devise plasmonic devices.
Recalibration of the uvbyβ photometry-based distance scale of OB-type stars using the revised Hipparcos parallaxes

Abstract The absolute visual and infrared magnitudes of moderately evolved OB-type stars are directly calibrated as a function of Stroemgren four-color and Hβ photometric indices using the trigonometric parallaxes from the new reduction of Hipparcos data. The resulting calibrations have an average accuracy of ~ 0.4 mag and, when applied to members of young open clusters, yield distances that are fairly consistent with those determined using the MV–(B − V) zero-age main-sequence fitting procedure.
Rapid Detection and Identification of Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium spp. Isolated from the Ruminant Livestock of Northwest Iran Using High-Resolution Melting Analysis (HRM)

Background: The liver flukes of the Fasciola species and Dicrocoelium spp. are recognised as parasites of domestic and wild herbivores. Both species of F. hepatica and F. gigantica as well as D. dendriticum are distributed in Iran. The present study aimed to identify Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium spp. using mitochondrial Cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase I) gene by HRM method. Methods: Totally, thirty infected liver specimens were collected from the sheep (n:23) and cattle (n:7) at the abattoirs of Qazvin Province, northwest Iran in 2022. DNA extraction and PCR amplification of Cox1 gene were conducted by HRM technique. DnaSP v.5. 0 was used for compression of diversity indices of ribosomal 28S rDNA and mitochondrial Cox1 markers of Dicrocoelium spp. The taxonomic status of Dicrocoelium spp. was performed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Overall, 26 and 4 isolates were identified as F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. D. dendriticum was the sole infecting species of Dicrocoelium revealed by HRM analysis. Genomic analysis showed a moderate (28S rDNA genes: 0.600±0.215) to high (Cox1: 0.733±0.155) haplotype diversity for D. dendriticum. Conclusion: The parasite-dependent mitochondrial gene (Cox1) could identify a higher genetic diversity of D. dendriticum compared to nuclear 28S rDNA gene. HRM technique in the present study found to be a reliable technique for identification and genetic diversity of liver flukes but more comprehensive and in-depth studies in different parts of the country are needed.
Education and Perceptions of Post-Therapy Maintenance Programs in Long-Term Care: A mixed Methods Exploratory Study

Background: Occupational therapists develop maintenance programs (MPs) for long-term care (LTC) residents to optimize participation in everyday activities. The purpose of this study was to examine nursing professional attitudes and knowledge of MPs and to evaluate the effectiveness of an occupational therapist-led in-service. Method: Nursing staff (n = 20) attended the in-service, completed a pre and posttest, and completed interviews (n = 5). We used an exploratory sequential mixed methods design with a one-group quasiexperimental design for the quantitative portion and a descriptive qualitative approach for the interviews. Results: The results indicated significantly increased knowledge regarding MPs, use of the MPs, and overall perception of nursing management support (p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed four themes: MPs promote resident independence, perceived multiple barriers prevent implementation, the need for increased staff training and communication, and positive interdisciplinary MP communication. Conclusion: Preliminary data indicated that therapists-led educational sessions may have a positive impact on nursing staff knowledge and perceptions of MPs. However, future programming to develop training to overcome barriers of MP implementation is needed. Comments The authors declare that they have no competing financial, professional, or personal interest that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript.
Non-severe Serovar Type E Capnocytophaga canimorsus Infection in a Post-splenectomy Male: A Case Report

Capnocytophaga canimorsus (CP) causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. Three serovars (A, B, and C) are known to be responsible for more than 90% of infections associated with dog bites, although these three constitute only 8% of the serovars carried by dogs. We experienced a post-splenectomy non-severe case of CP withserovar type E, which has never been isolated in Japan. The prognosis of type E CP infections may be better than that of types A, B, and C infections because of the disproportion of serovars between clinical human isolates and dog oral isolates.
Efficacy of Surgical Masks Versus N95 Respirators for the Prevention of COVID-19 in Dental Settings: A Systematic Review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. (SARS-CoV-2). It spreads mainly through saliva droplets or nasal discharge. Dentists are among the professionals with the greatest risk of contracting and transmitting COVID-19. We compared the efficacy of surgical masks versus N95 respirators in preventing COVID-19 infection in dental settings. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Search terms corresponded to a predefined PICOS (patient/population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes) question. The risk of bias was evaluated using AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2), ROBIS (Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews), and Health Evidence tools. A total of 191 articles were screened, and nine of them were further evaluated for eligibility, of which five articles (fulfilled the selection criteria) and were included in this study. Two studies concluded that surgical masks could provide equivalent protection to N95 respirators. Another study found that N95 respirators were superior to surgical masks. The fourth study found that better protection can be achieved when using surgical masks by the aerosol source than when the recipient uses an N95 respirator, while the last study concluded that surgical masks or N95 respirators alone do not provide full protection. Thus, according to this systematic review, N95 respirators provide better protection against COVID-19 infection compared to surgical masks.
A novel metamaterial absorber with perfect wave absorption obtained by layout design

Abstract In this work, a novel metamaterial absorber (MMA) with perfect wave absorption is designed through the layout optimization. The rotationally symmetrical design domain is determined by considering polarization insensitivity. The symmetrical design variables are related with each other. The optimization objective is to maximize the absorption index which is described by the reflection and transmission coefficients in the frequency range of 8–12 GHz with the constraint of volume fraction. The maximum absorptivity of the optimized MMA reaches 99.89%. And it has the polarization insensitivity, the wide range of oblique incident angles and the ideal impedance matching with the free space. Furthermore, the absorption frequencies exhibit regular variations while changing the sizes of unit cell and the thickness of dielectric substrate. Inspired by these analysis results and the existing researches, the multilayer MMA is designed in order to broaden the absorption band efficiently. The absorption frequency band reaches 1.1 GHz while the absorptivity is more than 85%.
INVERTING MULTIPLE RESIDUAL STRESS COMPONENTS FROM MULTIPLE CUTS WITH THE CONTOUR METHOD

An extension of the contour method is presented which allows the measurement of multiple stress components by making multiple cuts. In the contour method, a body is carefully cut in two using wire electric discharge machining (EDM). The contours, or shapes, of the cut surfaces are then measured and used to calculate the original residual stress normal to the cut plane using a simple finite element calculation. In the extension presented here, the two pieces from the original body can be cut again in a transverse direction, and the contours of the new cut surfaces are measured. The stresses calculated on the planes of these second cuts have been affected by the first cut. Then a simple inverse reconstruction using information already provided by the calculation for the first cut gives the original stresses on the plane of the subsequent cuts, removing the effect of the first cut. The method is demonstrated first by means of 3D FE simulations, and possible errors are explored. In order to validate the method, an experimental test on a quenched plate of HSLA-100 steel was carried out.
Investigating the Factors That Influence Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review

The digital transformation is trending in the business world. All businesses are keen to have and pursue a digital transformation strategy. However, many organizations are not fully understood what digital transformation is, how it should be performed and what is the best for the organization. thus, this paper seeks to understand the factors that might impact the digital transformation in organizations. This systematic literature review considers the course of digital transformation in organizations