Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in Brief Transcriptional Repression of the D-Type Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p 16 by the Retinoblastoma Susceptibility Gene Product pRbt

Progression of the eukaryotic cell division cycle is regulated by a series of structurally related senne/threomne protein kinases known as cydin dependent kinases (CDKs). The D-type cydlin-dependent kinases, CDK4 and CDK6, have been strongly implicated in the control of G1 progression and the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, pRb. The forma don of complexes and enzymatic activity of cyclin D-CDK4 and cydlin D-CDK6 kinases is negatively regulated by p16'@4 (MTS1/CDK4IJ CDKN2) via its specific interaction with CDK4 and CDK6 catalytic subunits. Here we report that the p16 mRNA accumulates to a high level in cells lacking pRb function and transcription ofpl6 is repressed by pRb. Our results provide evidence supporting a feedback regulatory loop involving pRb, p16, and cydin-dependent kinases.
Information Acquisition and Sharing in a Vertical Relationship

Manufacturers can acquire consumer information in a sequential manner and influence downstream retail behavior through sharing the acquired information. This paper examines the interaction between a manufacturer's optimal information acquisition and sharing strategies in a vertical relationship, capturing the impacts of both the flexibility to sequentially control information collection and the flexibility in ex post voluntary sharing. We show that when information acquisition is sequential, the manufacturer may not acquire perfect information even if it is costless to do so. This self-restriction in information acquisition follows from the manufacturer's motivation to strategically influence retail behavior. When information acquisition is inflexible and constrained to be either zero or perfect information, the manufacturer acquires less more information under mandatory voluntary sharing. Moreover, voluntary sharing unambiguously leads to more information being generated, because the manufacturer has the option to strategically withhold the acquired information that turns out to be unfavorable. Finally, the conditions under which the manufacturer ex ante prefers a particular sharing format are examined.
Agent-Based Models and Ethnography: Combining Qualitative and Computational Techniques with Complexity Theory

Increased interaction, adaptability, diversity, and emergence are all hallmarks of complexity (Miller and Page 2007; see Simon 1996). While anthropologists may not use these specific complexity theory terms, they have long been interested in how diverse people interact and adapt in their negotiation of identity and society and what sorts of social phenomena emerge from these interactions. A complexity theory perspective can interpret culture or cultural practices as either the base rules from which identity emerges (consider Appadurai 1996) or the emergent system itself, the "webs of significance" in which humans are embedded (see Geertz 1973).
Improving Cities Sustainability through the Use of Data Mining in a Context of Big City Data

Nowadays, cities consume more energy to fuel their day-to-day activities. With the rise of electrical devices we face more challenges associated with energy control and distribution. Apart from this, we also spend a lot of energy trying to either heating or cooling our homes. This paper illustrates an architecture to extract, load, transform, mine and forecast Big Data. This technological architecture makes use of a dataset containing electricity and gas consumption of homes distributed within multiple USA cities and states. The main purpose of our work consists in delivering to citizens a new form of self-monitoring their electricity and gas consumption, by comparing them to other homes within their cluster or state and by forecasting future energy consumptions. Moreover, the architecture also delivers to energy providers and cities a smarter overview of the energy landscape. This work uses simulated data from United States of America along with Hadoop, WEKA and Tableau to store and process Big Data, to produce clusters and time series forecasts, and to visualize information, respectively. The results reveal that, using this architecture, it is possible to produce accurate clusters of homes based on their energy consumption and it is also possible to forecast future electricity consumptions with a small margin of error.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Scarless Wound Healing.

SIGNIFICANCE The benefit and role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in scarless wound healing in clinical application and basic mechanism are discussed. bFGF is a glycoprotein which is widely used in treating wounds and ulcers. bFGF is easily applicable to any type of wound and leads to a better outcome in color, texture, and firmness. RECENT ADVANCES The amniotic fluids from human mid-gestational trimester may play an important role in scarless wound healing. To investigate cell properties, we used amniotic fluid to augment both adult and fetal fibroblast mitogenic activities, including DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Preincubation by both bFGF receptor blocker and anti-bFGF antibody significantly decreases proliferative activity in both adult and fetal skin fibroblasts. CRITICAL ISSUES Adult wound healing, to some extent, demonstrates scar formation, leading to unfavorable clinical mismatch of tissue texture and color and causing stiffness. bFGF may improve the outcome of wound healing by normalizing the tissue texture and color to the adjacent intact skin and optimally enhancing wound healing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS bFGF activates ERK and Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in both adult and fetal skin fibroblasts, which suggests that bFGF in amniotic fluid plays the most major role in cell proliferation. Application of bFGF from an early wounding stage may lead to better fibroblast proliferation and DNA synthesis through the process of ERK/Akt phosphorylation.
Jurkat Cells Required for Fas-Induced JNK Activation in Cutting Edge: p21-Activated Kinase (PAK) Is

The process of apoptosis is a critical component of normal immune system development and homeostasis, and in many cells this involves signaling through the c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. In Jurkat T cells, Fas-induced JNK activity is dependent upon activation of the caspase cascades known to be central components of the apoptotic program. We show in Jurkat cell lines expressing a dominant negative PAK construct that PAK signaling is necessary for JNK activation in response to Fas receptor cross-linking. Inhibition of JNK activation induced by Fas does not impair cell death as assessed by DNA fragmentation. However, expression of the catalytically active C terminus of PAK2, which is generated through caspase action during Fas-mediated apoptosis, induces Jurkat cell apoptosis. We conclude that PAK activity resulting from caspase-mediated cleavage is a necessary component of JNK activation induced by Fas receptor signaling and that PAK2 can contribute to the induction of cell death.
How does orthographic knowledge influence performance on phonological awareness tasks?

Three experiments explored the nature of orthographic influences on performance on phonological awareness tasks. Experiment 1 demonstrated that adults find it easier to perform phoneme deletions on items where there is a direct correspondence between letters and target sounds (e.g., take the /r[se text]/ from struggle) than where there is not (e.g., take the /w[see text]/ from squabble). Analogous results were found in a phoneme reversal task. Spelling production ability tended to correlate more strongly with performance on the former type of item than on the latter, suggesting that elevated performance on phonological awareness tasks is associated with the use of orthographic information. Experiment 2 produced similar results in Grade 5 children. Experiment 3 suggested that adults cannot inhibit orthographic activation when it is disadvantageous to them, as they performed no better on items such as squabble when they were presented in pure blocks than when they were presented in mixed blocks. It is concluded that there are substantial automatic orthographic influences on phonological awareness task performance that need to be taken into account in interpreting data concerning the relationship between phonological awareness and reading.
Changes in Intracellular Free Calcium Concentration during Illumination of Invertebrate Photoreceptors

Aequorin, which luminesces in the presence of calcium, was injected into photoreceptor cells of Limulus ventral eye. A bright light stimulus elicited a large increase in aequorin luminescence, the aequorin response, indicating a rise of intracellular calcium ion concentration, Cai. The aequorin response reached a maximum after the peak of the electrical response of the photoreceptor, decayed during a prolonged stimulus, and returned to an undetectable level in the dark. Reduction of Cao reduced the amplitude of the aequorin response by a factor no greater than 3. Raising Cao increased the amplitude of the aequorin response. The aequorin response became smaller when membrane voltage was clamped to successively more positive values. These results indicate that the stimulus-induced rise of Cai may be due in part to a light-induced influx of Ca and in part to release of Ca from an intracellular store. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a rise in Cai is a step in the sequence of events underlying light-adaptation in Limulus ventral photoreceptors. Aequorin was also injected into photoreceptors of Balanus. The aequorin responses were similar to those recorded from Limulus cells in all but two ways: (a) A large sustained aequorin luminescence was measured during a prolonged stimulus, and (b) removal of extracellular calcium reduced the aequorin response to an undetectable level.
Diffusion measurements in intracranial hematomas: implications for MR imaging of acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to analyze the diffusion properties of intracranial hematomas to understand the effects of hematomas on diffusion-weighted MR images of patients with acute stroke and to further our understanding of the evolution of signal intensities of hematomas on conventional MR images. We hypothesized that hematomas containing blood with intact RBC membranes (ie, early hematomas) have restricted diffusion compared with hematomas in which RBC membranes have lysed. METHODS Seventeen proven intracranial hematomas were studied with conventional and diffusion MR imaging. Hematomas were characterized using conventional images to determine the stage of evolution and their putative biophysical composition, as described in the literature. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements for each putative hematoma constituent (intracellular oxyhemoglobin, intracellular deoxyhemoglobin, intracellular methemoglobin, and extracellular methemoglobin) were compared with each other and with normal white matter. RESULTS Hematomas showing hemoglobin within intact RBCs by conventional MR criteria (n = 14) showed equivalent ADC values, which were reduced compared with hematomas containing lysed RBCs (P = .0029 to .024). Compared with white matter, hematomas containing lysed RBCs had higher ADC measurements (P = .003), whereas hematomas containing intact RBCs had reduced ADC measurements (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Restricted diffusion is present in early intracranial hematomas in comparison with both late hematomas and normal white matter. Therefore, early hematomas would be displayed as identical to the signal intensity of acute infarction on ADC maps, despite obvious differences on conventional MR images. These data also are consistent with the biochemical composition that has been theorized in the stages of evolving intracranial hematomas and provide further evidence that paramagnetic effects, rather than restriction of water movement, are the dominant cause for their different intensity patterns on conventional MR images.
Knee bone tumors: findings on conventional radiology*

The knee is a common site for bone tumors, whether clinically painful or not. Conventional radiology has been established as the first line of investigation in patients with knee pain and can reveal lesions that often generate questions not only for the generalist physician but also for the radiologist or general orthopedist. History, image examination, and histopathological analysis compose the essential tripod of the diagnosis of bone tumors, and conventional radiology is an essential diagnostic tool in patients with knee pain. This pictorial essay proposes to depict the main conventional radiography findings of the most common bone tumors around the knee, including benign and malignant tumors, as well as pseudo-tumors.
Mixed-mode oscillations: From neural phenomena to mechanical modelling

This paper offers new results from a study of mixed-mode oscillations, with application to both neural and mechanical systems. It is initially shown that the Fitzhugh-Nagumo model, which is itself a simplification of the previous electrophysiological model of Hodgkin and Huxley, has a direct analogue in the form of the model for a bistable spring mass system. This system is then shown to exhibit three qualitatively different motions and the design parameter space for the oscillator is examined in order to define conditions for these and for mixed-mode oscillations. The paper concludes with a conjecture that an autonomous system of this form can display some of the dynamic characteristics of the autonomous van der Pol oscillator, and one example of this equivalence is examined numerically.
The intracellular region of FXYD1 is sufficient to regulate cardiac Na/K ATPase

ABSTRACT FXYD1 is a transmembrane protein predominantly expressed in excitable tissues that associates with and regulates Na/K ATPase. PKA phosphorylates FXYD1 at serine 68 (S68), however, the effects of phosphorylation on Na/K ATPase activity are not fully characterized. The objectives of this study were to characterize Na/K ATPase currents in FXYD1 wild‐type (WT) and knockout (KO) adult mouse ventricular myocytes, and investigate the effects of FXYD1 on Na/K ATPase currents using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. A peptide representing the 19 C‐terminal residues of FXYD1 (FXYD154–72) was introduced into the interior of FXYD1 KO and WT myocytes through the patch pipette. K‐sensitive Na/K ATPase currents were higher in KO myocytes (2.9 ±0.1 pA/pF; n=4) compared with WT (1.9±0.1 pA/pF;n=4). Unphosphorylated FXYD154–72, at a concentration of 4 μM, reduced the currents in WT (from 2.1 ±0.1 to 1.3±0.1 pA/pF;P<0.05, n=7) and KO (from 2.9±0.1 to 1.7±0.1 pA/pF;P<0.05, n=5), whereas, 1 μMof FXYD1 54‐72 phosphorylated at S68 increased currents in WT (from 1.91±0.09 to 3.1±0.5 pA/pF;P<0.05, n=6) and KO (from 2.7±0.11 to 3.8±0.2 pA/pF; P<0.05, n=6) myocytes. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that S68 phosphorylated and unphosphorylated FXYD154–72 associates with Na/K ATPase α1 subunit. We conclude that unphosphorylated FXYD1 inhibits Na/K ATPase, whereas S68 phosphorylated FXYD1 stimulates Na/K ATPase to a level above that seen in the absence of FXYD1. —Pavlovic, D. , Fuller, W. , and Shattock, M. J. The intracellular region of FXYD1 is sufficient to regulate cardiac Na/K ATPase. FASEB J. 21, 1539–1546 (2007)
Joint estimation of parameters and hyperparameters in a Bayesian approach of solving inverse problems

We propose a joint estimation of the parameters and hyperparameters (the parameters of the prior law) when a Bayesian approach with maximum entropy (ME) priors is used to solve the inverse problems which arise in signal and image reconstruction and restoration problems. In particular we propose two methods: one based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm who aims to find the marginalized MAP (MMAP) estimate and the second based on a joint MAP estimation (JMAP). We discuss and compare these methods and give some simulation results in image restoration to show the relative performances of the proposed methods.
The correlation of wear with histological features after failed hip resurfacing arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND Tissue necrosis and a macrophage and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate are commonly seen in periprosthetic tissues around metal-on-metal hip resurfacing implants, including pseudotumors associated with these implants. The purpose of the present study was to correlate pathological changes in periprosthetic tissues with clinical findings and the amount of implant-derived metal wear. METHODS We analyzed morphological changes in the periprosthetic soft tissues around fifty-six failed metal-on-metal hip resurfacing implants. The most common reason for failure was the presence of a symptomatic pseudotumor (n = 45). The extent of necrosis and the nature of the inflammatory cell infiltrate, including aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL), was evaluated semiquantitatively. Bearing surface wear was determined for all patients. Prostheses were considered to be highly worn if the total linear wear rate was ≥4 μm/yr. RESULTS Substantial necrosis and a heavy macrophage infiltrate were noted in most periprosthetic tissues, including all pseudotumors, many of which contained a prominent ALVAL infiltrate. Most pseudotumors (80%) were associated with highly worn prostheses. It was noted that the extent of necrosis and macrophage infiltration correlated with the volume of generated metal wear. Although increased wear volume moderately correlated with a high ALVAL response, all pseudotumors associated with low wear had a strong ALVAL response. CONCLUSIONS The majority of pseudotumors are associated with increased implant wear. This increased wear is associated with soft-tissue necrosis and a heavy nonspecific foreign-body macrophage response coupled with a variable adaptive or specific immune response (ALVAL). A minority of pseudotumors are associated with low wear and a prominent immune response. These findings confirm that minimizing wear from metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty prostheses would lead to a reduction in the incidence of pseudotumor. However, a small number of pseudotumors are still likely to occur, which may be due to an exacerbated adaptive immune response.
Catastrophizing and Poor Sleep Quality in Early Adolescent Females

Catastrophizing about sleeplessness has been investigated in adults and children, but little is known about adolescents. This article aimed to (a) investigate whether early adolescent girls catastrophized about consequences of sleeplessness, (b) describe topics in catastrophizing sequences, (c) examine the association between sleep quality and catastrophizing, and (d) assess whether puberty moderated this association. Girls (n = 115) between 11 and 12 years old completed adapted versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Pubertal Developmental Scale, and the Catastrophizing Interview. Twenty-four (21%) participants produced catastrophizing sequences, including concerns about school and mood. Sleep quality was associated with catastrophizing (β = 0.19, p = .042); however, puberty did not moderate this association (β = 0.15, p = .126). Findings highlight the importance of sleep-related cognitions in adolescent girls.
Statistical characteristic of scattering from randomly rough surfaces

An analytical expression for the fourth order moment of the plane wave scattering from two-dimensional randomly rough surface with small roughness is presented based on the Kirchhoff and physical optics approximation. The fourth order moment has been simplified to get the two-position and two-frequency mutual correlation function. With the incidence wavelength 1.06 mum and different root-mean-square (rms) heights, the distributions of FOM changing with the coherence bandwidth frequency difference and scattering angles have been given. It is shown that the rms height of rough surface greatly influences on results and the scattered FOM mainly comes from the specular direction and zero frequency difference with small rms height. If the frequency difference is greater than zero, FOM will quickly decreases to zero in other directions; while at zero frequency, with the increase of rms height, there is also the biggest value which is smaller than that with smaller rms height, and the value in specular direction decreases but others increase, which we call "speckle effect". In addition, the increase of rms height results in the correlation bandwidth narrowing.
Some Notes on Generative Capacity of Dependency Grammar

An electrode suitable for use as a fluid electrode in a fuel cell or a metal-air cell, for example, is provided comprised of an electronically conductive carrier having narrow pores extending through its thickness. The pores have an average diameter less than one-tenth the thickness of the carrier. In a preferred form the carrier is a sintered plaque. An electrocatalyst lies in the pores in intimate contact with the carrier and a hydrophobic material lies in the pores and overlies the electrocatalyst. The hydrophobic material is uniformly distributed in the pores.
The Greatest-Diversity Concept and African History

misses is the complex intervening history of population movements and political geography in the region before the middle of the 19th century. The interpretation that "Akanij" was not a state, but a geographical region, while "Akan" and "Great Akanij" were polities is also untenable. This interpretation by both Boahen and Daaku (1966) appears to have been based on the fact that there are no direct indications of any early state in this area before the arrival of the people of Assin from Adanse ca. 1659 (Daaku 1970, Effah 1974). What is either forgotten or deliberately overlooked in this interpretation isthat there were several Etsi settlements in this area at the time of the Assin immigration and settlement (Brown 1929). 1" It is also overlooked that this area was between "Great Akanij" and Denkyira to the west. The several conflicts between these two peoples-for example, the war between "Akan" and Denkyira and another war between "Asante" and Denkyira in which some 3,000 "Akim" were killed (Bosman 1967)-may have been fought in this area, thus causing displacement of peoples and the disappearance of any states that might have been there earlier. It is evident, therefore, that the term "Akan" has eluded precision of definition. Increasingly, it appears, the term has been used consensually-that is, on the assumption that the readers of a particular article or monograph know what is meant by the term even if no specific definition is provided. From the foregoing it is clear that more is implied by this term than is revealed. It is unfortunate that, over the years, the use of the term "Akan" has obscured the complexity of the social and cultural composition of the region in the ages or periods that preceded the more recent processes of regional unification. In the absence of a recognition of the extent of influences or forces pressing toward cultural unity during the past two or three centuries, it is quite unlikely that clear and useful identifications and interpretations can be made of the physical remains left by peoples of an earlier time. Such identifications must rest on a specific and consistent erminology. This article is intended to unveil the complexity that has been folded into and lost within the loose concept of "Akan. " It is also intended to provoke comments and suggestions that may stimulate research on the nature, if not the identity, of the societies that may have inhabited this forest region of southern Ghana prior to the 15th century.