Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing Perceptions, Changing Reality

It should come as no surprise that Americans are deeply troubled about the ways in which we receive health care. We are worried about what analysts call “health care delivery and finance,” that is, where, from whom, under what conditions, and with what financial implications we obtain health care services. We have all been participants in, as well as witnesses to, a revolution in the ways we intersect with an important social service, one that has significant implications for our well-being and carries with it extensive emotional baggage. It is understandable that, finding ourselves in the midst of a revolution, we would be confused and frightened. We wonder what will happen when we turn to the modern replacement for the traditional and familiar Blue Cross–Blue Shield plan or similar arrangements we thought we understood. We do not really grasp the changes in Medicare, such as the differences between “Original Medicare” and “Medicare+Choice” and the various arrangements possible under the latter, such as health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), provider sponsored organizations (PSOs), private fee-for-service plans (FFSs), medical savings accounts (MSAs), and religious fraternal beneficiary plans (RFBs). We are concerned about the development of new, merged, sometimes for-profit, hospitals. We are troubled about the fact that our physician, now an employee of an HMO and subject to its rules and regulations, seems busier and more rushed.
Genetic alloy design based on thermodynamics and kinetics

A theory-guided computational approach for alloy design is presented. Aimed at optimising the desired properties, the microstructure is designed and an alloy composition optimised accordingly, combining criteria based on thermodynamic, thermokinetic and mechanical principles. A genetic algorithm is employed as the optimisation scheme. The approach is applied to the design of ultra-high strength stainless steels. Three composition scenarios, utilising different strengthening precipitates (carbides, Cu and NiAl/Ni3Ti), are followed. The results are compared to a variety of existing commercial high-end engineering steels, showing that the design strategy presented here may lead to significant improvements in strength beyond current levels.
Diagnosis of hybrid systems through Observers and Timed Automata

This paper deals the diagnosis of hybrid systems. The objective is the integration of these two modeling tools: Observers and Timed Automata for the design of a global diagnostic model. The latter allows to detect and locate faults, minimize repair time and provide a reliable diagnosis and easily readable despite the complexity of the equipment. As regards methodology, the work consists in automate model generation procedures and failure indicators in formal form and interchangeable to integrate them into the diagnostic system. On the implementation plan, the results were applied to a hydraulic system with two tanks.
Bioactive Constituents of Brazilian Red Propolis

In a new propolis type, red Brazilian propolis, 14 compounds were identified (six of them new for propolis), among them simple phenolics, triterepenoids, isoflavonoids, prenylated benzophenones and a naphthoquinone epoxide (isolated for the first time from a natural source). Three of the major components demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, and two (obtained as inseparable mixture) possessed radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).
Building A Robust and Economical Internet Testbed: 6PlanetLab

Building a robust and economical Internet testbed contributes a lot to the study, the use, and the deployment of new Internet technologies. In this paper, we present our experience on building such a testbed in China, named 6PlanetLab. To achieve better robustness, we design and implement a mechanism for semi automatical fail-over and a slice-integrated interface for fault-tolerance. To increase cost-efficiency, we adopt greedy sharing mechanism to leverage all available resources and develop simple but strong tools to save management cost. The six-month running data of 6PlanetLab demonstrate the success of our design. We believe 6PlanetLab is a good paradigm for other communities.
Implementation-Based Evaluation of a Full-Fledged Multihop TDMA-MAC for WiFi Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks in general, and WiFi mesh networks in particular, offer a cost-effective option to provide broadband connectivity in sparse regions. Effective support for real-time as well as high throughput applications requires a TDMAbased approach. However, multihop TDMA implementations in wireless have been few and far-between, and for good reasons. These present significant issues in terms of time synchronization, TDMA schedule dissemination, multichannel support, routing integration, spatial reuse and so on. And achieving these efficiently, in the face of wireless channel losses presents a formidable challenge. In this work, we present an implementation of LiT MAC, a full-fledged multihop TDMA MAC, on commodity WiFi platforms. We undertake extensive evaluations using microbenchmarks as well as application level performance, using outdoor as well as indoor testbeds. We also present an integration of LiT MAC with various routing metrics, and a routing stability study of recently proposed routing metrics (ROMA, SLIQ). Our results show that we can achieve μs granularity time synchronization across several hops, and TDMA slot size as small as 2 ms. These imply low control overheads. Experiments over several days, on our nine-node outdoor testbed shows that LiT MAC's soft-state-based approach is effective in robust operation even in the presence of significant external interference.
UV damage mechanisms in oxide high reflectors

Longterm damage mechanism investigations have identified effects responsible for laser induced damage. Particularly, the fundamental wavelength of Q-switched solid state lasers as well as their second and third harmonics have been analyzed in the context of the corresponding damage mechanisms. As a consequence of the immense progress in the production of coatings with lowest optical losses, the damage behavior of state of the art coating systems can typically be traced back to the contribution of microscopic defects and inclusions in the coatings for the VIS- and NIR-spectral range. In contrast, the influence of the intrinsic and surface absorptance can generally not be neglected in coatings for the DUV/VUV spectral region. This aspect gains of importance in the course of an increasing interest in the fourth harmonic for applications in research and industry. Therefore, the present paper is dedicated to investigations in oxide optical coatings for 266nm. This work has been performed to establish a database on the correlation of contamination and respective cleaning procedures to the damage threshold in the UV spectral region. Absorptance and degradation effects are identified by means of ISO certified laser calorimetry.
The local effect of magnetic impurities on superconductivity in CoxNbSe2 and MnxNbSe2 single crystals

We investigate the effect of individual atomic impurities on the superconducting state that they are embedded in. Using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we could identify Co and Mn atoms in the CoxNbSe2 and MnxNbSe2 single crystals and observe the influence on the local electronic density of states (LDOS) at 0.4 K. We find that Co is in the weak scattering limit. In this case the LDOS is quite homogeneous on the sample surface, despite the number of defects, and retains sharp coherent superconducting peaks. This is in strong contrast to the effects of Mn impurities, which locally destroy superconductivity. In this case the LDOS shows a strong enhancement of spectral weight inside the superconducting gap even far from the Mn atoms. Moreover, two impurity bound states are found within the superconducting gap at E/Δ0 = 0.18 and 0.36 at locations close to defects.
Ligamentum teres injuries - an observational study of a proposed new arthroscopic classification

Ligamentum teres (LT) Injuries or tears have been said to be a common cause of groin discomfort and pain, and they have been identified in 8–51% of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. Currently, in the literature there exist three arthroscopic classifications for LT injuries and tears: the first classification was established by Gray and Villar, Botser and Domb proposed the second one which they called a descriptive classification according to the degree of partial thickness LT tears and more recently the last classification by Cerezal et al. (RadioGraphics 2010; 30:1637–51), where they take into account the one by Gray and Villar but adding an avulsion fracture and absence of the LT. We propose a new classification, which also takes into account, observed LT pathologies, as well as the possible pathological mechanism of LT tears, and offer a guide to treatment. This classification is based on direct arthroscopic observation and dynamic rotational maneuvers of the hip under distraction. This classification incorporates those pathologies, which have been observed as a result of this more focused examination of the LT.
Smart Demand for Frequency Regulation: Experimental Results

As renewable energy sources increase their penetration, the traditional providers of frequency regulation service, i.e., fossil fueled thermal power plants, will be displaced, motivating the search for novel providers such as demand-side resources. This paper presents the results of field experiments using demand as a frequency controlled reserve (DFCR) on appliances with programmable thermostats. The experiments conducted showed the response of a population of thermostatically controlled loads acting as normal reserves (up and down regulation) and disturbance reserves (up regulation only) as defined by the Nordic Grid Codes . In addition, industrial pump loads and relay-controlled loads were tested as DFCR. The tests show that a population of refrigerators was able to deliver frequency reserves approximately equal to their average power consumption. Electric space heaters in the autumn season were able to provide frequency reserves of a magnitude 2.7 times their average power consumption.
E-Cigarettes: A Rapidly Growing Internet Phenomenon

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolize nicotine and produce a vapor that emulates that of cigarettes but purportedly has fewer traditional toxins than secondhand smoke. Although e-cigarettes are widely sold online and by retailers, new research suggests that they may contain unexpected toxins and may provide unreliable nicotine delivery. Many countries have already banned or strictly regulated e-cigarettes. Currently in the United States, e-cigarettes are exempt from regulation as drug-delivery devices. Meanwhile, the presence of e-cigarettes on the Internet, including in Web searches, virtual user communities, and online stores where people sell e-cigarettes on commission, is increasing rapidly. Physicians should be aware of the popularity, questionable efficacy claims, and safety concerns of e-cigarettes so that they may counsel patients against use and advocate for research to inform an evidence-based regulatory approach.
The CDC Healthy Aging Research Network: Advancing Science toward Action and Policy for the Evidence-Based Health Promotion Movement

Despite recent progress in the uptake of evidence-based health promotion (EBHP) programs within communities, many factors contribute to the need to focus on dissemination. These include the growth in the aging population, health care resource limitations, and interests in preserving community-based opportunities for maintaining independence and maximizing quality of life. For these reasons, The Prevention Research Centers’ Healthy Aging Research Network (HAN), funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Healthy Aging Program, has as its core mission, to translate effective healthy aging interventions into sustainable community-based programs. Researchers and community-based stakeholders collaborate across HAN’s seven member center and two affiliate universities (Figure ​(Figure1)1) to develop and implement health promotion programs for older adults at individual, organizational, environmental, and policy levels (1–3). This commentary highlights selected HAN contributions to the EBHP movement from 2001 to 2014. These contributions serve as examples of potential models for future partnership efforts to enhance implementation, dissemination, and sustainability of EBHP programs. Figure 1 CDC Healthy Aging Research Network (HAN) member centers and affiliates (FY 2009-2014).
Suppression of mutagenic activity of a series of 5HT2c receptor agonists by the incorporation of a gem-dimethyl group: SAR using the Ames test and a DNA unwinding assay.

A positive result in the Ames test is generally taken as a strong indication for a genotoxic (i.e. DNA damaging) property of the test compound, often sufficient to cause termination of its development as a new therapeutic agent. A number of serotonin receptor ligands have been tested for their mutagenic potential in the Ames assay at an early stage of development. For several compounds increases in the number of revertant colonies were observed in strain TA1537. Consequently, structure-activity relationship investigations were undertaken to search for compounds without mutagenic liability. All compounds are three ringed heterocyclic structures consisting of a benzene ring, a central (generally non-aromatic) 5- or 6-membered ring and a pyrrole or pyrazole ring. Using a gel shift assay we provide evidence that the observed genotoxic effects are strongly influenced by the intercalating properties of the compounds. The highest mutagenic response was seen with a compound possessing a central aromatic ring. The mutagenic activity of the naphthaleno derivatives appears to be stronger when compared with the indeno compounds, probably because of the less curved structure. Dimethyl substitution of the indeno substructure reduces the intercalating ability of the compounds and leads to loss of mutagenic activity. Pyrazole analogues of both indeno and naphthaleno structures appear to produce stronger mutagenic responses than the pyrrole derivatives.
Molecular Dynamics Study on the Pattern Transfer in Nanoimprint Lithography

The molecular dynamics simulation of nanoimprint lithography (NIL) using stamp and amorphous poly-(methylmethacrylate) (PNMA) film is performed to study pattern transfer in NIL. Force fields including bond, angle, torsion, van der Waals and electrostatic potential are used to describe the intermolecular and intramolecular force of PMMA molecules and stamp. Nose-Hoover thermostat is used to control the system temperature and cell multipole method is adopted to treat long range interactions. The deformation of PMMA film is observed during pattern transfer in the NIL process. For the detail analysis of deformation characteristics, the distributions of density and stress in PMHA film are calculated. The adhesion and friction forces are obtained by dividing the PMMA film into subregions and calculating the interacting force between subregion and stamp. Their effects on the pattern transfer are also discussed as varying the indentation depth and speed.
The Virtual Open Page Buffer for Multi-core and Multi-thread Processors

The performance of off-chip DDRx SDRAM has been greatly restricted by the single physical page that can be activated for each DRAM bank at any time. To alleviate this problem, an on-chip virtual open page buffer (VOPB) for multi-core multi-thread processor is proposed. The VOPB maintains a number of virtual active pages for each bank of off-chip memory, which effectively increases the maximum number of active pages and reduces page conflicts in the off-chip memory. Adopted by the FT-1500 processor, the VOPB along with optimized address mapping techniques greatly enhances the bandwidth, latency and energy efficiency of off-chip memory, especially for stream applications. Experimental results show that the VOPB improves off-chip memory bandwidth by 16.87% for Stream OpenMP and 6% for NPB-MPI on average.
Weaving the RFID Yarn in the Fashion Industry: The Kaufhof Case

Kaufhof Department Stores, in Germany, has had a long history of introducing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology into the global fashion industry. Its initial pilot tests began in 2003 and have progressed phase-by-phase into increasingly more sophisticated uses of RFID throughout its supply chain. This article recounts that history and points out that three major decisions played important roles in Kaufhof’s RFID success. The first decision was to embrace the role of being a global RFID technology leader, which allowed it to influence global industry-wide decisions. The second decision was to promote standards, which allowed it to achieve end-to-end supply chain compatibility. And the third was to roll out RFID in phases, which lowered its first-mover risks, while allowing it to continually move forward.
Generalized testicular hyperechogenicity in acute testicular torsion.

Ultrasound imaging of the testicle has become very helpful in the evaluation of testicular lesions. Recent studies have described the sonographic appearance of testicular torsion in experimental dogs and in humans. 1•2 Hricak et al. reported testicular hypoechogenicity in six of eight dogs at 15 minutes and in eight of eight dogs at 24 hours following experimental testicular torsion . 1 Bird et al. described testicular hypoechogenicity in three of three humans with acute testicular torsion (symptoms less than 24 hours). 2 This report documents a C·lSe of generalized testicular hyperecl10gc;1icity in acute testicular torsion. Although Sample reported a similar case during his early experience with ultrasonography, 3 this extremely unusual finding has not been described in the recent literature. 1•2··1 This case is reported to further the awareness of this finding.
Scalable and Anonymous Modeling of Large Populations of Flexible Appliances

To respond to volatility and congestion in the power grid, demand response (DR) mechanisms allow for shaping the load compared to a base load profile. When tapping on a large population of heterogeneous appliances as a DR resource, the challenge is in modeling the dimensions available for control. Such models need to strike the right balance between accuracy of the model and tractability. The goal of this paper is to provide a medium-grained stochastic hybrid model to represent a population of appliances that belong to two classes: deferrable or thermostatically controlled loads. We preserve quantized information regarding individual load constraints, while discarding information about the identity of appliance owners. The advantages of our proposed population model are 1) it allows us to model and control load in a scalable fashion, useful for ex-ante planning by an aggregator or for real-time load control; 2) it allows for the preservation of the privacy of end-use customers that own submetered or directly controlled appliances.
Induction of antigen-specific killer T lymphocyte responses using subunit SIVmac251 gag and env vaccines containing QS-21 saponin adjuvant.

Subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins have proved useful for inducing antibody responses and they are safe for widespread use because they do not contain any live components. Unfortunately, they do not typically induce the types of cell-mediated immune responses required to control viral pathogens; specifically, they do not induce CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. To increase the immunogenicity of recombinant proteins, we have used the QS-21 saponin adjuvant in subunit vaccine formulations. In the current study, experimental subunit vaccine formulations containing recombinant p55gag or gp120env proteins from the mac251 strain of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251) and the QS-21 adjuvant were used to immunize rhesus macaques. These formulations induced SIV gag- or env-specific cellular immunity that was detectable in vitro and included killer cell activity. The induction of killer cells required prior vaccination and the responses were antigen specific for the immunogens contained in the vaccine formulations. Autologous target cells were required to detect these responses, suggesting genetic restriction, and effector cells appeared to be present in both the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulations. These data suggest that the vaccine-induced killer cell activity that was detected was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Despite the presence of these killer cells, all of the animals became infected with the SIVmac251 on experimental challenge. These findings demonstrated that antigen-specific killer cell responses could be induced by a subunit vaccine formulated with the QS-21 saponin adjuvant. The characteristics of the responses suggested that the effector cells were T lymphocytes, expressing either CD4 or CD8. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Approach to Adaptive Memory Management in Data Stream Systems

Adaptivity is a challenging open issue in data stream management. In this paper, we tackle the problem of memory adaptivity inside a system executing temporal sliding window queries over continuous data streams. Two different techniques to control the memory usage at runtime are proposed which refer to changes in window sizes and time granularities. Both techniques differ from standard load shedding approaches based on sampling as they ensure precise query answers for user-defined Quality of Service (QoS) specifications, even under query re-optimization.
The use of noncrystallographic symmetry averaging to solve structures from data affected by perfect hemihedral twinning

Molecular replacement and noncrystallographic symmetry averaging were used to detwin a data set affected by perfect hemihedral twinning. The noncrystallographic symmetry averaging of the electron-density map corrected errors in the detwinning introduced by the differences between the molecular-replacement model and the crystallized structure.
Behavior of Large Pores During Sintering and Hot Isostatic Pressing

A viscoelastic model that describes the shrinkage rate of large pores within a fine-grained body has been developed. The concept is based on a shrinkage potential derived from the surface and grain-boundary tensions and viscous response determined by the creep characteristics of the polycrystal. Pore removal rates are also derived and used to predict pore removal times during sintering and hot isostatic pressing. I. Introduction HE mechanical properties of many sintered ceramics are limT ited by the presence of large pores. ’ Such pores occur because of entrapped organics, rearrangement, local melting, etc. Removal of large pores by either prolonged sintering or hot isostatic pressing should thus improve the mechanical performance of the material, provided that appreciable grain growth is suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of pore removal rates pertinent to this phenomenon. When the pores are large compared with the grain diameter, pore removal can be analyzed by regarding the polycrystal as a continuum subject to viscoelastic deformation. The removal rate is thus dictated by the stresses created by the surface and grainboundary tensions and the viscosity of the polycrystal. The analysis has some similarity with the analysis of shrinkage in amorphous solids, previously conducted by Mackenzie and Shuttleworth. ’ However, it is noted that, when the pores reduce in size to be of the order of the grain size, the continuum analysis is inadequate and consideration of local diffusive fluxes into the pores is needed to deduce the shrinkage rate.3 The viscoelastic properties of ceramic polycrystals have been extensively characterized, by means of creep studies4 Such studies provide a basis for describing matrix deformation rates during sintering. For present purposes, linear behavior is assumed, with the viscosity, 7, given by5