Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults

The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to more mental health problems. However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. This survey was conducted online in China from February 1st to February 10th, 2020. Quota sampling was used to recruit 2993 Chinese citizens aged ≥18 years old. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Exposure to COVID-19 was measured with questions about residence at outbreak, personal exposure, media exposure, and impact on livelihood. General coping style was measured by the brief Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Respondents were also asked 12 additional questions about COVID-19 specific coping behaviors. Direct exposure to COVID-19 instead of the specific location of (temporary) residence within or outside the epicenter (Wuhan) of the pandemic seems important (standardized beta: 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02–0.09). Less mental health problems were also associated with less intense exposure through the media (standardized beta: −0.07, 95% CI: −0.10–−0.03). Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). More use of cognitive and prosocial coping behaviors were associated with less mental health problems (standardized beta: −0.30, 95% CI: −0.34–−0.27). Our study suggests that the mental health consequences of the lockdown impact on livelihood should not be underestimated. Building on cognitive coping behaviors reappraisal or cognitive behavioral treatments may be most promising.
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE

In the framework of the “Compact Light XLS” project, a short ultra-high gradient linearizer working on the third harmonic of the main linac frequency is requested. Increasing gradients and reducing dimensions are requirements for XLS and all next generation linear accelerators. Actually, ultra-compact normal conducting accelerating structures, operating in the Ka-band regime ranging from 100 to 150 MV/m are required to achieve ultra-high gradients for research, industrial and medical applications. To fulfill these strong requirements, the R&D of a proper Ka-band klystron with RF power output and a high efficiency is mandatory. This contribution reports the design of a possible klystron amplifier tube operating on the TM010 mode at 36 GHz, the third harmonic of the 12 GHz linac frequency, with an efficiency of 42% and a 20 MW RF power output. This contribution discusses also the high-power DC gun, the beam focusing channel and the RF beam dynamics. Published by Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
Use of Thermal Infrared Imagery to Complement Monitoring and Modeling of Spatial Stream Temperatures

Thermal infrared (TIR) surveys are effective methods to map surface spatial temperature patterns along a river. We used two data sets of TIR-derived longitudinal temperature profiles to analyze reach-scale spatial patterns of thermal heterogeneity of the Wenatchee River, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States as part of a temperature total daily maximum load investigation. The TIR data indicate that the river has a general downstream heating trend; the magnitudes, reach variability, and longitudinal gradients are influenced by the headwater conditions, channel morphology, tributary locations, flow rates, and weather. Detailed TIR images facilitate identifying regions with high local thermal heterogeneity where we recommend a weighted average approach to estimate local spatial average temperature using temperatures from pixels of the thermally distinctive areas rather than using the temperature extracted from pixels sampled along the central part of the channel. TIR-derived daily maximum temp.
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Characterization of magnetodynamic properties of nanomagnets and nanostructured magnetic materials requires methods appropriate for probing the typical timescales of these systems, i.e. in the sub-nanosecond range. The lack of appropriate time-domain characterization techniques is linked to the limits of current electronics. Other possible approach is to use the frequency domain characterization in GHz range. The most common frequency domain characterization technique is the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement. From FMR spectra it is possible to extract valuable information about the magnetic system: the damping parameter, saturation magnetization etc. The method we utilize for detection of spin-wave excitations aims for the simplification of the characterization experiment. We employ the thermoelectric detection of spin waves in magnetic strips via anomalous Nernst effect. The method is based on the heat generation inside a magnetic film due to the relaxation of spin waves to the lattice. The dissipation of spin-wave energy heats the magnetic strip and creates a temperature gradient towards the substrate (perpendicular to the surface). This leads to generation of an electric field perpendicular to both the temperature gradient and the magnetization direction. The voltage is usually in the μV range, hence it can be measured with common laboratory equipment. Despite its simplicity, this method yields very interesting results and can be used for characterization of magnonic waveguides, magnonic metamaterials, spin-wave emitters and other spin-wave devices. Abstrakt Popis magnetodynamických vlastností nanomagnetů a nanostrukturovaných magnetických materiálů vyžaduje metody vhodné pro zkoumání typické časové odezvy těchto systémů, tj. v řádu nanosekund a méně. Nedostatek technik, vhodných právě pro charakterizaci v časové doméně, je spojen s možnostmi současné elektroniky. Další možný přístup, jak popsat vlastnosti nanomagnetů, je charakterizace ve frekvenční doméně v pásmu GHz. Nejrozšířenější technikou charakterizace ve frekvenční doméně je měření feromagnetické rezonance (FMR). Ze spekter FMR lze získat cenné informace o systému: parametr tlumení, saturační magnetizace atd. Metoda, kterou využíváme k detekci excitací spinových vln, má za cíl zjednodušení charakterizace. Využíváme termoelektrickou detekci spinových vln v magnetických drátech prostřednictvím anomálního Nernstova jevu. Metoda je založena na disipaci tepla uvnitř magnetické vrstvy v důsledku útlumu spinových vln, a proto dochází k vytvoření teplotního gradientu směrem k substrátu (kolmo k povrchu). To vede k vytvoření elektrického pole kolmého jak na teplotní gradient, tak na směr magnetizace. Napětí je obvykle v řádu μV, proto může být měřeno obvyklým laboratorním vybavením. Navzdory své jednoduchosti poskytuje tato metoda velmi zajímavé výsledky a může být použita pro charakterizaci magnonických vlnovodů, magnonických metamateriálů, emitorů spinových vln a dalších zařízení, pracujících se spinovými vlnami.
Non-negative matrix factorization based on generalized dual divergence

A theoretical framework for non-negative matrix factorization based on generalized dual Kullback-Leibler divergence, which includes members of the exponential family of models, is proposed. A family of algorithms is developed using this framework and its convergence proven using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. The proposed approach generalizes some existing methods for different noise structures and contrasts with the recently proposed quasi-likelihood approach, thus providing a useful alternative for non-negative matrix factorizations. A measure to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the resulting factorization is described. This framework can be adapted to include penalty, kernel and discriminant functions as well as tensors.
Association between proton pump inhibitors and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients – a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Acid suppressive therapy, in the form of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is widely used in cirrhotic patients, often in indications which are not clearly justified. PPI facilitates enteric bacterial colonisation, overgrowth and translocation, which might predispose to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. However, observational studies evaluating the association of PPI and SBP in cirrhotic patients have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore conducted a meta‐analysis of relevant clinical studies to determine the nature of this association. Observational studies assessing the association between SBP and PPI in cirrhosis, conducted in adult population and published in all languages, were identified through systematic search in the MEDLINE, EMBASE and manual reviews of all major gastroenterology meeting proceedings up to May 2010. The relevant studies were pooled using traditional meta‐analytic techniques with a random‐effects model. Four studies were identified and included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled analysis, involving a total of 772 patients, found a significant association between the use of PPI and the development of SBP (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.82–4.23). There was very little degree of heterogeneity as reflected by an I2 value of 22% and the visual inspection of the funnel plot. There is a potential association between use of PPI and development of SBP. Therefore, PPIs should be used judiciously and only when clearly indicated in cirrhotics. Further studies are essential to clarify this relationship and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing based on Improved Twin Neural Network with Small Samples

Traditional deep learning methods need big monitoring data as support, however, the real-time fault data that can be obtained is often small samples in most cases. Therefore, an improved twin neural network model based on small samples is proposed. Taking the traditional twin neural network as the backbone, in the feature extraction stage, the deep belief neural network (DBN) and convolution neural network (CNN) are used to extract the temporal and spatial features of fault signals, which can fully mine the feature information on data samples. Secondly, the fault diagnosis classification module is added, and the convolutional neural network with the first layer of wide convolution (WDCNN) faults diagnosis algorithm model is introduced to fully classify the fault data. The experimental results show that the fault diagnostic accuracy of the improved twin neural network model on the training set and the test set is more than 98%. The visualization of t-SNE classification shows that it has a good effect on the classification of all kinds of tagged fault data. The comparison of the confusion matrix shows that the improved twin neural network model can effectively improve the problem of various fault misclassification compared with the original model, greatly reduced the diagnostic error, and meet the accuracy requirements of fault diagnosis in case of small samples.
Serum-and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase ( SGK ) 1 delay the onset of Endothelial Senescence by Directly Interacting with hTERT

Katia Basello, Francesca Pacifici, Barbara Capuani, Donatella Pastore, Marco F. Lombardo, Francesca Ferrelli, Andrea Coppola, Giulia Donadel, Roberto Arriga, Giuseppe Sconocchia, Alfonso Bellia, Paola Rogliani, Massimo Federici, Paolo Sbraccia, Davide Lauro, David DellaMorte Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana,
Statistical Analysis of Tree-Forest Damage by Snow and Wind:Logistic Regression Model for Tree damage and Cox Regression for Tree Survival

Forest stands and individual trees are often devastated by natural disasters such as typhoons and heavy snowfall in Japan, resulting in significant economic losses to the forestry sector. Our objective is to identify key risk factors that affect the degree of damage. We apply two types of statistical approach: one is, a logistic regression model to snow damage data to investigate if there is any geographical element affecting the degree of damage at the stand level, and the other is, a survival analysis on tree failure data for factors affecting the degree of damage at the individual tree level. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk probability of snow damage is higher on older and thin stands. The analysis also indicates taking advantage of certain geographic conditions to reduce wind burden could decrease the degree of damage. A Cox regression analysis showed that tree age, diameter at breast height, and species were key factors that influenced the degree of tree failure. Specifying risk factors throughout statistical modeling helps to provide a comprehensive, systematic, and objective method to assess risk in forest management.
The importance of base flow in sustaining surface water flow in the Upper Colorado River Basin

The Colorado River has been identified as the most overallocated river in the world. Considering predicted future imbalances between water supply and demand and the growing recognition that base flow (a proxy for groundwater discharge to streams) is critical for sustaining flow in streams and rivers, there is a need to develop methods to better quantify present‐day base flow across large regions. We adapted and applied the spatially referenced regression on watershed attributes (SPARROW) water quality model to assess the spatial distribution of base flow, the fraction of streamflow supported by base flow, and estimates of and potential processes contributing to the amount of base flow that is lost during in‐stream transport in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). On average, 56% of the streamflow in the UCRB originated as base flow, and precipitation was identified as the dominant driver of spatial variability in base flow at the scale of the UCRB, with the majority of base flow discharge to streams occurring in upper elevation watersheds. The model estimates an average of 1.8 × 1010 m3/yr of base flow in the UCRB; greater than 80% of which is lost during in‐stream transport to the Lower Colorado River Basin via processes including evapotranspiration and water diversion for irrigation. Our results indicate that surface waters in the Colorado River Basin are dependent on base flow, and that management approaches that consider groundwater and surface water as a joint resource will be needed to effectively manage current and future water resources in the Basin.
Fight or Flight: Managing Stigma in Executive Careers

We examine the labor market consequences borne by executives who remain at financially distressed firms relative to those who flee to another employer to avoid the stigma of failure. Our study makes two contributions. First, we document an ex ante dimension of executive labor markets unaccounted for by ex post settling up models (e.g., Fama, 1980). Specifically, we show that executives who jump ship ? change employers in the two years prior to the failure ? suffer fewer labor market consequences than their counterparts who remain with the failing firm. Second, we extend the study of bankruptcy stigma to examine how that stigma might be managed by jumping ship.
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Studies investigating the associations between histories of childhood maltreatment between parents to their child primarily involve samples from high-income countries, when child maltreatment (CM) rates are higher in low-and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to examine this association between maltreatment in parents and maltreatment of their children through risk (parent depression) and protective (parent-child connectedness) factors; associations of maltreatment in children with aggression through posttraumatic stress symptoms and peer/sibling victimization in 227 parent-child dyads from a low-income country, Burundi, Africa. Parents were above the age of 18 years and children were from 12-18 years ( M/SD = 14.76/1.88; 57.7% female). The range of histories of CM: physical and emotional abuse and neglect reported by parents were 20.7%-69.5%, and for sexual abuse, and physical and emotional abuse and neglect children was 14.5%-89.4%. Findings indicated that a history of CM in parents was associated with CM in children ( B = 0.19, p < 0.01); CM in parents was indirectly associated with CM in children through parent-child connectedness ( β = 0.04, CI : 0.01 to 0.10) and parents’ depression scores ( β = 0.08, CI : 0.03 to 0.15). In children, maltreatment was positively associated with a peer or sibling victimization. CM in children was associated with aggression ( β = 0.07, CI : 0.04 to 0.11) through posttraumatic stress symptoms and not through peer/sibling victimization. Continued efforts need to be made to improve CM-related preventive strategies and the accessibility of prevention services to reduce child maltreatment in low-income countries such as Burundi.
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Generalist arthropod predators often exhibit a range of intraguild interactions reducing their potential efficacy as biological control agents. These interactions may include consumptive or nonconsumptive effects that mediate the impacts of herbivores. We examined interactions among 2 gener - alist predators, the striped lynx spider ( Oxyopes salticus Hentz; Araneae: Oxyopidae) and an ant ( Lasius neoniger Emery; Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and a herbivore, the green cloverworm ( Hypena scabra F.; Lepidoptera: Erebidae), all prevalent in central Kentucky soybean agroecosystems. We hypothesized that individual predator treatments would reduce green cloverworm survival and resultant leaf damage, but that predators would interfere with each other when both were present. To study these interactions, field cages containing potted soybeans were used to examine 8 treat - ment combinations (control, cloverworm, spider, ant, spider + cloverworm, ant + cloverworm, ant + spider, and ant + spider + cloverworm). When proportional leaf damage was compared, spider, ant + spider, and spider + cloverworm treatments had significantly less damage than the ant, ant + cloverworm, and ant + spider + cloverworm treatments. Spider presence tended to decrease plant damage while ant presence significantly increased damage. No differences among treatments were found for either spider or cloverworm recovery, indicating potential nonconsumptive effects of ants that may include compensatory feeding. We found that generalist predators, such as L. neoniger , can inhibit biological control due to nonconsumptive interactions even when the same species in a different system provides substantial levels of pest suppression
Influence of Climatic Factors on Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Yield in the Malatya Province of Turkey

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is one of the most important export crops in Turkey and Turkey is the leading fresh and dried apricot producer all over the world. Malatya province is the main production area in Turkey. Apricot yield has fluctuations because of climate in Malatya region. The study analyzed the relationship between climate factors and apricot yield by using time series data belong to the climatic variables such as temperature, humidity and precipitation during the time period of 1978-2006. All climatic variables were examined associated with the stages of planting, flowering and harvesting, separately. Linear regression method was used to estimate the model parameters. Research model showed that the most magnificence climatic factors on apricot yield were minimum temperature, precipitation and humidity in flowering period and maximum temperature in planting period. The study suggested that choosing suitable apricot variety and protecting the apricot orchards via technical measures in order to reduce adverse effects of fluctuations on climatic variables.
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Background: Pyrroles are widely distributed in nature and important biologically active molecules. The reaction of amines with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran is a promising pathway for the synthesis of pharmacologically active pyrroles under microwave irradiation. Results: Microwave-induced polystyrenesulfonate-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from amines and 2,5-diemthoxytetrahydrofuran has been accomplished with excellent yield. This method produces pyrroles with polyaromatic amines. Conclusion: The present procedure for the synthesis of N -aromatic substituted pyrroles will find useful application in the area of pharmacologically active molecules.
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The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has remarkably decreased the morbidity associated with HIV-1 infection, however, the prevalence of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is still increasing. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the major impediment for penetration of antiretroviral drugs, causing therapeutics to reach only suboptimal level to the brain. Conventional antiretroviral drug regimens are not sufficient to improve the treatment outcomes of HAND. In our recent report, we have developed a poloxamer-PLGA nanoformulation loaded with elvitegravir (EVG), a commonly used antiretroviral drug. The nanoformulated EVG is capable of elevating intracellular drug uptake and simultaneously enhance viral suppression in HIV-1-infected macrophages. In this work, we identified the clinical parameters including stability, biocompatibility, protein corona, cellular internalization pathway of EVG nanoformulation for its potential clinical translation. We further assessed the ability of this eVG nanoformulation to cross the in vitro BBB model and suppress the HIV-1 in macrophage cells. Compared with EVG native drug, our EVG nanoformulation demonstrated an improved BBB model penetration cross the in vitro BBB model and an enhanced HIV-1 suppression in HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages after crossing the BBB model without altering the BBB model integrity. Overall, this is an innovative and optimized treatment strategy that has a potential for therapeutic interventions in reducing HAND.
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Owning valuable brands enhances the financial well-being of firms not only through increased revenues and profitability but also by mitigating agency problems, earnings management, and financial reporting irregularities. Firms with high brand equity are less likely to have income-inflating discretionary accruals, announce earnings restatements, or experience SEC investigations. Brand equity reduces the likelihood of manipulation through incentive and opportunity channels, which we capture in CEO characteristics and compensation, and corporate governance measures. Brand equity reduces the likelihood of financial reporting irregularities more for durable goods firms and firms with shorter-tenured CEOs, as the latter are most vulnerable to performance pressures. ( JEL G31, G34, M31, M37, M41, M42)