Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal health and maternal health service utilization among female sex workers: A scoping review

Background: High proportions of female sex workers (FSWs) become pregnant and have children. Many FSWs are at increased risk of maternal health complications due to factors such as poverty, violence, and healthcare barriers. Despite this, FSWs’ maternal health and use of maternal health services (MHS) receive limited attention. Objectives: The objectives of this scoping review are to (1) synthesize existing data on FSWs’ maternal health and MHS utilization and (2) assess the state of peer-reviewed literature on FSWs’ maternal health in regard to methodological approaches and reported outcomes. Eligibility criteria: Included articles were peer-reviewed, published in English, and reported empirical data on FSWs for outcomes related to antenatal care, pregnancy, and labor complications, postnatal and delivery care, and/or barriers to MHS. Sources of evidence: Article searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Global Health, Sociological Abstracts, Sociological Index, PsychInfo, and CINAHL Charting methods: Information extracted from eligible articles included publication year, study design, location, sample size, outcome measures, and findings. The “Three Delays” model was used to synthesize findings on barriers to MHS as relevant to phase I, II, or III delays. Results: Eighteen publications met the eligibility criteria. Studies were conducted in 11 countries and primarily reported quantitative data from cross-sectional surveys. The most frequently reported outcome was antenatal care utilization (n = 14), whereas few studies reported findings related to postnatal care and breastfeeding counseling (n = 2). Across publications, there was a substantial range in the proportion of FSWs who reported accessing different types of MHS. Conclusion: Literature on FSWs’ maternal health is limited and heterogenous. More research is needed that specifically focuses on measuring outcomes related to FSWs’ maternal health and examines associated factors. Such work can inform future research directions and public health interventions for FSWs—a population of marginalized women whose maternal health has been overlooked in existing efforts.
EFFECT OF EARTHING UP AND FERTILIZER LEVELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING PLANTED SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L.)

A study was undertaken at Sugarcane Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan during February 2006 and 2007. Three earthing up treatments i.e. no earthing up, earthing up 90 days after planting (DAP) and earthing up at 120 DAP and five fertilizer levels i.e. F1 (no fertilizer), F2 (100-100-100 kg NPK/ha), F3 (150-100100 kg NPK/ha), F4 (200-150-150 kg NPK/ha) and F5 (250-150-150 kg NPK/ha) were tried on sugarcane cultivar HSF-240 in RCBD with four replications in plots measuring 3.6 x 6.5 m. Crop was sown in 150 cm apart trenches using 75000 double budded setts per hectare. Maximum number of tillers (14.34/m) were obtained with no earthing up followed by earthing up at 120 DAP (14.28 tillers/m). Maximum millable canes (113974/ha), stripped cane weight (0.89 kg/cane) and cane yield (100.96 t/ha) were noted in earthing up at 120 DAP. As regards fertilizer levels, higher number of tillers (16.02/m) was produced by F5 (250-150-150 kg NPK/ha) followed by F4 (200-150-150 kg NPK/ha) (15.29 tillers/m). Maximum striped cane weight (0.96 kg/cane) was produced by F3 (150-100-100 kg NPK/ha). As far as interaction is concerned earthing up at 120 DAP with F5 (250-150-150 kg NPK/ha) excelled in stripped cane yield (122.85 t/ha) which was at par (120.20 t) with earthing up at 120 DAP and F4 (200-150-150 kg NPK/ha).
Limit load instabilities in structural elements

Este trabajo analiza distintas inestabilidades en estructuras formadas por distintos materiales. En particular, se capturan y se modelan las inestabilidades usando el metodo de Riks. Inicialmente, se analiza la bifurcacion en depositos cilindricos formados por material anisotropo sometidos a carga axial y presion interna. El analisis de bifurcacion y post-bifurcacion asociados con cilindros de pared gruesa se formula para un material incompresible reforzado con dos fibras que son mecanicamente equivalentes y estan dispuestas simetricamente. Consideramos dos casos en la naturaleza de la anisotropia: (i) Fibras refuerzo que tienen una influencia particular sobre la respuesta a cortante del material y (ii) Fibras refuerzo que influyen solo si la fibra cambia de longitud con la deformacion. Se analiza la propagacion de las inestabilidades. En concreto, se diferencia en el abultamiento (bulging) entre la propagacion axial y la propagacion radial de la inestabilidad. Distintos modelos sufren una u otra propagacion. Por ultimo, distintas inestabilidades asociadas al mecanismo de ablandamiento del material (material softening) en contraposicion al de endurecimiento (hardening) en una estructura (viga) de a: hormigon y b: hormigon reforzado son modeladas utilizando una metodologia paralela a la desarrollada en el analisis de inestabilidades en tubos sometidos a presion interna. This present work deals with the instability of structures made of various materials. It captures and models different types of instabilities using numerical analysis. Firstly, we consider bifurcation for anisotropic cylindrical shells subject to axial loading and internal pressure. Analysis of bifurcation and post bifurcation of inflated hyperelastic thick-walled cylinder is formulated using a numerical procedure based on the modified Riks method for an incompressible material with two preferred directions which are mechanically equivalent and are symmetrically disposed. Secondly, bulging/necking motion in doubly fiber-reinforced incompressible nonlinearly elastic cylindrical shells is captured and we consider two cases for the nature of the anisotropy: (i) reinforcing models that have a particular influence on the shear response of the material and (ii) reinforcing models that depend only on the stretch in the fiber direction. The different instability motions are considered. Axial propagation of the bulging instability mode in thin-walled cylinders under inflation is analyzed. We present the analytical solution for this particular motion as well as for radial expansion during bulging evolution. For illustration, cylinders that are made of either isotropic incompressible non-linearly elastic materials or doubly fiber reinforced incompressible non-linearly elastic materials are considered. Finally, strain-softening constitutive models are considered to analyze two concrete structures: a reinforced concrete beam and an unreinforced notch beam. The bifurcation point is captured using the Riks method used previously to analyze bifurcation of a pressurized cylinder.
AN UPDATE OF THE TAG RELEASE AND RECAPTURE FILES FOR ATLANTIC ISTIOPHORIDAE

SUMMARY An update of the historical tag release and recapture files from western Atlantic tagging programs for Atlantic Istiophoridae (i.e. marlins and sailfish) are presented. Data sources include the Na- tional Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Fisheries Science Centers Cooperative Tag- ging Center (CTC), The Billfish Foundation (TBF), the South Carolina Marine Resources Divi- sion (SCMRD), and the National Marine Fisheries Services shark tagging program. Data for Istiophoridae are available from 1954 to 1999 for the CTC, from 1990 to 1999 for TBF, from 1974 to 1999 for SCMRD, and from 1962 to 1999 for the NMFS shark tagging program. The data are presented by agency, species, gear type, and season for Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus). RESUME
The microbiome and rise of early-onset cancers: knowledge gaps and research opportunities

ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence indicates an alarming increase in the incidence of early-onset cancers, which are diagnosed among adults under 50 years of age, in the colorectum, esophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, liver, stomach, pancreas, as well as the bone marrow (multiple myeloma), breast, head and neck, kidney, prostate, thyroid, and uterine corpus (endometrium). While the early-onset cancer studies have encompassed research on the wide variety of organs, this article focuses on research on digestive system cancers. While a minority of early-onset cancers in the digestive system are associated with cancer-predisposing high penetrance germline genetic variants, the majority of those cancers are sporadic and multifactorial. Although potential etiological roles of diets, lifestyle, environment, and the microbiome from early life to adulthood (i.e. in one’s life course) have been hypothesized, exact contribution of each of these factors remains uncertain. Diets, lifestyle patterns, and environmental exposures have been shown to alter the oral and intestinal microbiome. To address the rising trend of early-onset cancers, transdisciplinary research approaches including lifecourse epidemiology and molecular pathological epidemiology frameworks, nutritional and environmental sciences, multi-omics technologies, etc. are needed. We review current evidence and discuss emerging research opportunities, which can improve our understanding of their etiologies and help us design better strategies for prevention and treatment to reduce the cancer burden in populations.
What is an “early palliative care” intervention? A scoping review of controlled studies in oncology

Early palliative care (EPC) has been advocated to improve cancer patients' health. However, EPC differs with regard to its elements and target groups. It is not known which parts of EPC contribute to effectiveness for which patient group. This scoping review provides a structured analysis of EPC interventions and outcome measures.
Surgical treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer - a consensus recommendation from three Chinese associations.

BACKGROUND Surgical treatment is playing an increasingly important role in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This consensus focuses on the indications for optimal surgery, and surgical methods in the whole process of treatment for NPC to provide a useful reference to assist these difficult clinical decisions. METHODOLOGY A thorough review of available literature on NPC and surgery was conducted by the Association for the prevention and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China, international exchange and promotion Association for medicine and healthcare, and the Committee on nasopharyngeal cancer of Guangdong provincial anticancer association. A set of questions and a preliminary draft guideline was circulated to a panel of 1096 experienced specialists on this disease for voting on controversial areas and comments. A refined second proposal, based on a summary of the initial voting and different opinions expressed, was recirculated to the experts in two authoritative medical science and technology academic groups in the prevention and treatment of NPC in China for review and reconsideration. RESULTS The initial round of questions showed variations in clinical practice even among similar specialists, reflecting the lack of high-quality supporting data and resulting difficulties in formulating clinical decisions. Through exchange of comments and iterative revisions, recommendations with high-to-moderate agreement were formulated on general treatment strategies and details of surgery, including indications and surgical approaches. CONCLUSION By standardizing the surgical indications and practice, we hope not only to improve the surgical outcomes, but also to highlight the key directions of future clinical research in the surgical management of NPC.
Network Sampling Methods for Estimating Social Networks, Population Percentages, and Totals of People Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness

In this article, we propose using network-based sampling strategies to estimate the number of unsheltered people experiencing homelessness within a given administrative service unit, known as a Continuum of Care. We demonstrate the effectiveness of network sampling methods to solve this problem. Here, we focus on Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS), which has been shown to provide unbiased or low-biased estimates of totals and proportions for hard-to-reach populations in contexts where a sampling frame (e.g., housing addresses) is not available. To make the RDS estimator work for estimating the total number of people living unsheltered, we introduce a new method that leverages administrative data from the HUD-mandated Homeless Management Information System (HMIS). The HMIS provides high-quality counts and demographics for people experiencing homelessness who sleep in emergency shelters. We then demonstrate this method using network data collected in Nashville, TN, combined with simulation methods to illustrate the efficacy of this approach and introduce a method for performing a power analysis to find the optimal sample size in this setting. We conclude with the RDS unsheltered PIT count conducted by King County Regional Homelessness Authority in 2022 (data publicly available on the HUD website) and perform a comparative analysis between the 2022 RDS estimate of unsheltered people experiencing homelessness and an ARIMA forecast of the visual unsheltered PIT count. Finally, we discuss how this method works for estimating the unsheltered population of people experiencing homelessness and future areas of research.
Migration-Induced Noise Reduction Using Fast Discrete Curvelet Transform

Seismic data are unavoidably contaminated with noise. The issue becomes worse for applications in mineral explorations in hardrock environments where the complex nearand sub-surface conditions result in variable signal amplitudes and attenuations (Eaton et al., 2003). Meanwhile, the quality of processing is usually uncontrollable, consequently, yielding remnant local noisy events as singularities on stacked seismic images. These singularities perform as backscattering sources during the migration process to create artificial features interfering with interpretation. No post-migration processing technique has yet demonstrated effectiveness to reduce this artificial noise. This problem can be solved by the curvelet transform for the efficiency of representing directional features on seismic images. We investigate the elimination of the migration-induced noise using a 2D fast discrete curvelet transform (FDCT) threshold applied to a synthetic Stolt time-migrated impulse response. The result shows a significant removal of migration-induced noise. This improvement is also applied to a 3D post-stack timemigrated (PoSTM) seismic cube, resulting in an enhancement of the original signal and a suppression of the induced noise.
NetPanorama: A Declarative Grammar for Network Construction, Transformation, and Visualization

This paper introduces NetPanorama, a domain-specific language and declarative grammar for interactive network visualizations. Exploring complex networks with multivariate, geographical, or temporal information often require bespoke visualization designs, such as adjacency matrices, arc-diagrams, small multiples, timelines, or geographic map visualizations. However, creating these requires implementing data loading, data transformations, visualization, and interactivity, which is time-consuming and slows down the iterative exploration of this huge design space. With NetPanorama, a developer specifies a network visualization design as a pipeline of parameterizable steps. Our specification and reference implementation aims to facilitate visualization development and reuse; allow for easy design exploration and iteration; and make data transformation and visual mapping decisions transparent. Documentation, source code, examples, and an interactive online editor can be found online: https://netpanorama.netlify. app/
Efficient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Imagery via Attention-Based Feature Distillation

Efficient object detection methods have recently received great attention in remote sensing. Although deep convolutional networks often have excellent detection accuracy, their deployment on resource-limited edge devices is difficult. Knowledge distillation (KD) is a strategy for addressing this issue, since it makes models lightweight while maintaining accuracy. However, the existing KD methods for object detection have encountered two constraints. First, they discard potentially important background information and only distill nearby foreground regions. Second, they only rely on the global context, which limits the student detector’s ability to acquire local information from the teacher detector. To address the aforementioned challenges, we propose attention-based feature distillation (AFD), a new KD approach that distills both local and global information from the teacher detector. To enhance local distillation, we introduce a multi-instance attention mechanism that effectively distinguishes between background and foreground elements. This approach prompts the student detector to focus on the pertinent channels and pixels, as identified by the teacher detector. Local distillation lacks global information; thus, attention global distillation is proposed to reconstruct the relationship between various pixels and pass it from teacher to student detector. The performance of AFD is evaluated on two public aerial image benchmarks, and the evaluation results demonstrate that AFD in object detection can attain the performance of other state-of-the-art models while being efficient.
Robot Control based on Motor Primitives - A Comparison of Two Approaches

Motor primitives are fundamental building blocks of a controller which enable dynamic robot behavior with minimal high-level intervention. By treating motor primitives as basic"modules,"different modules can be sequenced or superimposed to generate a rich repertoire of motor behavior. In robotics, two distinct approaches have been proposed: Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) and Elementary Dynamic Actions (EDAs). While both approaches instantiate similar ideas, significant differences also exist. This paper attempts to clarify the distinction and provide a unifying view by delineating the similarities and differences between DMPs and EDAs. We provide eight robot control examples, including sequencing or superimposing movements, managing kinematic redundancy and singularity, obstacle avoidance, and managing physical interaction. We show that the two approaches clearly diverge in their implementation. We also discuss how DMPs and EDAs might be combined to get the best of both approaches. With this detailed comparison, we enable researchers to make informed decisions to select the most suitable approach for specific robot tasks and applications.
A Review of Reinforcement Learning for Natural Language Processing, and Applications in Healthcare

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling complex medical decision-making problems such as treatment planning, personalized medicine, and optimizing the scheduling of surgeries and appointments. It has gained significant attention in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to its ability to learn optimal strategies for tasks such as dialogue systems, machine translation, and question-answering. This paper presents a review of the RL techniques in NLP, highlighting key advancements, challenges, and applications in healthcare. The review begins by visualizing a roadmap of machine learning and its applications in healthcare. And then it explores the integration of RL with NLP tasks. We examined dialogue systems where RL enables the learning of conversational strategies, RL-based machine translation models, question-answering systems, text summarization, and information extraction. Additionally, ethical considerations and biases in RL-NLP systems are addressed.
CMOS-based Single-Cycle In-Memory XOR/XNOR

Big data applications are on the rise, and so is the number of data centers. The ever-increasing massive data pool needs to be periodically backed up in a secure environment. Moreover, a massive amount of securely backed-up data is required for training binary convolutional neural networks for image classification. XOR and XNOR operations are essential for large-scale data copy verification, encryption, and classification algorithms. The disproportionate speed of existing compute and memory units makes the von Neumann architecture inefficient to perform these Boolean operations. Compute-in-memory (CiM) has proved to be an optimum approach for such bulk computations. The existing CiM-based XOR/XNOR techniques either require multiple cycles for computing or add to the complexity of the fabrication process. Here, we propose a CMOS-based hardware topology for single-cycle in-memory XOR/XNOR operations. Our design provides at least 2 times improvement in the latency compared with other existing CMOS-compatible solutions. We verify the proposed system through circuit/system-level simulations and evaluate its robustness using a 5000-point Monte Carlo variation analysis. This all-CMOS design paves the way for practical implementation of CiM XOR/XNOR at scaled technology nodes.
Water for Human Consumption through the History

The evolution of urban water management in ancient Greece begins in Crete during the early Minoan period of the island and takes full control of the Greek territory originally and then to the European continent. A great variety of remarkable developments have been marked in several stages of the Minoan civilization, such as the practices used to supply the cities with clean water even from distant sources. Water for human consumption has had a long and interesting history. It is closely related to the development of human civilizations and thus a great deal of related events occurred in all over the world. All great civilizations had a large chapter written for water transportation, treatment and management of the urban water. In this paper some of the important steps of water history relevant to the water treatment technologies and hygiene of potable water chronologically, since the Minoan era, are presented and discussed.
Joint Localization and Communication Enhancement in Uplink Integrated Sensing and Communications System with Clock Asynchronism

In this paper, we propose a joint single-base localization and communication enhancement scheme for the uplink (UL) integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) system with asynchronism, which can achieve accurate single-base localization of user equipment (UE) and significantly improve the communication reliability despite the existence of timing offset (TO) due to the clock asynchronism between UE and base station (BS). Our proposed scheme integrates the CSI enhancement into the multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based AoA estimation and thus imposes no extra complexity on the ISAC system. We further exploit a MUSIC-based range estimation method and prove that it can suppress the time-varying TO-related phase terms. Exploiting the AoA and range estimation of UE, we can estimate the location of UE. Finally, we propose a joint CSI and data signals-based localization scheme that can coherently exploit the data and the CSI signals to improve the AoA and range estimation, which further enhances the single-base localization of UE. The extensive simulation results show that the enhanced CSI can achieve equivalent bit error rate performance to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) CSI estimator. The proposed joint CSI and data signals-based localization scheme can achieve decimeter-level localization accuracy despite the existing clock asynchronism and improve the localization mean square error (MSE) by about 8 dB compared with the maximum likelihood (ML)-based benchmark method.