Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IN HEALTH INFORMATICS

background A major justification for the clinical adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) was the expectation that it would improve the quality of medical care. No longitudinal study has tested this assumption. Objective We used hemoglobin A1c, a recognized clinical quality measure directly related to diabetes outcomes, to assess the effect of EHR use on clinical quality. Methods We performed a five-and-one-half-year multicentre longitudinal retrospective study of the A1c values of 537 type 2 diabetic patients. The same patients had to have been seen on at least three occasions: once approximately six months prior to EHR adoption (before-EHR), once approximately six months after EHR adoption (after-EHR) and once approximately five years after EHR adoption (five-years), for a total of 1,611 notes. results The overall mean confidence interval (CI) A1c values for the before-EHR, after-EHR and five-years were 7.07 (6.91 – 7.23), 7.33 (7.14 – 7.52) and 7.19 (7.06 – 7.32), respectively. There was a small but significant increase in A1c values between before-EHR and after-EHR, p = . 04; there were no other significant differences. There was a significant decrease in notes missing at least one A1c value, from 42% before-EHR to 16% five-years ( p < .001). conclusion We found that based on patient’s A1c values, EHRs did not improve the clinical quality of diabetic care in six months and five years after EHR adoption. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to directly assess the relationship between the use of an EHR and clinical quality.
Towards a Semantic Model for Wise Systems A Graph Matching Algorithm

—Wise systems refer to distributed communicating software objects, which we named Wise Objects, able to autonomously learn how they behave and how they are used. They are designed to be associated either with software or physical objects (e.g., home automation) to adapt to end users while demanding little attention from them. Construction of such systems requires at least two views: on one hand, a conceptual view relying on knowledge given by developers to either control or specify the expected system behavior. On the other hand, wise systems are provided with mechanisms to generate their own view based on behavior-related knowledge acquired during their learning processes. The problem is that, while a conceptual view is understandable by humans (i.e., developers, end users, etc.), a view generated by a software system contains mainly numerical information with mostly no meaning for humans. In this paper, we address the issue of how to relate both views using two state-based formalisms: Input Output Symbolic Transition Systems for conceptual views and State Transition Graphs for views generated by the wise systems. Our proposal is to extend the generated knowledge with the conceptual knowledge using a matching algorithm founded on graph morphism. This provides the ability to make wise systems’ generated knowledge understandable by humans and to enable human evaluation of wise systems’ outputs
The social construction of reality : a treatise in the sociology of knowledge

A general and systematic account of the role of knowledge in society aimed to stimulate both critical discussion and empirical investigations. This book is concerned with the sociology of 'everything that passes for knowledge in society'. It focuses particularly on that 'common-sense knowledge' which constitutes the reality of everyday life for the ordinary member of society. The authors are concerned to present an analysis of knowledge in everyday life in the context of a theory of society as a dialectical process between objective and subjective reality. Their development of a theory of institutions, legitimations and socializations has implications beyond the discipline of sociology, and their 'humanistic' approach has considerable relevance for other social scientists, historians, philosophers and anthropologists.
RECENT OBSERVATIONS IN THE TRANSITION TO TURBULENCE IN A PIPE

We report the results of an experimental investigation of the transition to turbulence of Poiseuille ﬂ ow in a long pipe. Our ﬁ ndings con ﬁ rm that the recently established scaling law for the ﬁ nite amplitude perturbation required to cause transition is (cid:0) (cid:0) (cid:1)(cid:2) (cid:0)(cid:0) (cid:1) . New results are presented concerning the decay of disturbances injected into the ﬂ ow ﬁ eld at values of (cid:1)(cid:2) where the ﬂ ow is known to be globally stable. Exponential decay and critical behaviour is observed and these are consistent with observations in other shear ﬂ ows. This new approach has enabled us to uncover a sharp cut off at the lower limit of the stability threshold.
Northeastern Regional Forest Fragmentation Assessment: Rationale, Methods, and Comparisons With Other Studies

Forest fragmentation is thought to impact many biotic and abiotic processes important to ecosystem function. We assessed forest fragmentation in 13 Northeastern States to gain a greater understanding of the trends in and status of this region? s forests. We reclassified and then statistically filtered and updated classified Landsat imagery from the early 1990s, and devised analysis routines that allowed for automated processing of large areas. We discuss the rationale for the study and the choices made in data set preparation and analysis routines, describe the methods used, and compare our methods with those of other coarse-scale fragmentation studies.
Memory development in Libyan and Dutch school children

Cross-cultural similarities and diﬀerences in memory were examined in two studies with Libyan and Dutch school children of two diﬀerent grades. The ﬁrst study analysed eﬀects of word length and pronunciation speed on recall. Baddeley’s phonological loop hypothesis could fully account for the somewhat larger digit span of the Dutch children. The second study investigated eﬀects of rehearsal training on recall. Experimental groups showed a higher performance increase after training than did control groups; Libyan children with the same pretest scores as Dutch children showed higher posttest scores, which could be a consequence of sample diﬀerences in age or test-wiseness. The studies demonstrated that current theories provide more precise explanations of cross-cultural diﬀerences in structural memory features than in control processes. Implications for instructional practice are discussed.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Trade Transparency and Trading Volume

: The EC Directive on financial instruments markets 2004 (MiFID) has introduced a number of order and trade publication obligations imposed on organised exchanges, alternative trading systems (ATS), and the class of broker dealers that execute transactions in shares internally. This article investigates the impact of MiFID’s trade transparency rules on the trading volume of EU equity markets in a forward-looking mode. We use data extracted from the closest possible precedent and examine trading volume levels before and after trading in FTSE100 stocks on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) shifted from the quote-driven Stock Exchange Automatic Quotation System (SEAQ) to the order-driven securities electronic trading service (SETS). This change resulted in significantly increased transparency standards. Trading volume is measured on the basis of three criteria: volume-based turnover, value-based turnover and turnover ratio. No evidence is found indicating that higher transparency standards lead per se to higher levels of trading volume. Therefore, the impact of MiFID’s transparency rules on trading volume in EU equity markets should become a matter of further study following their implementation.
Machine Learning Classiﬁcation of Normal vs. Age-Related Macular Degeneration OCT Images

The macula is a small area of the retina which is especially very important for good eyesight. The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a type of visual impairment that can cause blindness or even loss of eyesight. AMD was a dangerous and progressing chronic disease that affects people over the age of 60 years. One of the most common symptoms of this condition is the appearance of a type of extracellular material called the drusen. Detecting this condition using an imaging technique known as optical coherence tomography (OCT) can help to prevent further damage to the eyes. The motivation behind this work is to test machine learning (ML) with OCT images for the identiﬁcation of retinal disease. OCT retinal images consist of normal retina and AMD. ML algorithms were used to classify 261 OCT images to determine if the person was normal or macular. The proposed method for diagnosing between diseased and healthy conditions has a classiﬁcation accuracy that considerably exceeds beyond the current state of the art. This work will be used in developing further ML concepts in the diagnosis of ocular disorders and diseases.
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PurposeThe study aims to examine the causal relationships among knowledge-oriented-leadership (KOL), open innovation (OI), knowledge infrastructure capability (KIC) and knowledge process capability (KPC). This study also explored the mediating role of knowledge infrastructure capability (KIC) and knowledge process capability (KPC) in the relationship between knowledge oriented leadership and open innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The study collected primary data via a standardized questionnaire comprising a sample of 305 Pharmaceutical and Health sector employees in Pakistan. Hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling. Findings – The results display the significant causal relationships among the variables and knowledge infrastructure and process capability and these significantly mediate the relationship between knowledge-oriented-leadership and two-dimensional open innovation. Furthermore, this study found an insignificant effect of KOL on inbound open innovation. Limitation - the findings of the present research are based on the data collected from the Pakistan pharmaceutical and health sector. In future to accommodate the issue of generalizability, the framework can be used for samples from other countries. Practical Implication - This study provides evidence that leadership is one of the most crucial sources that can aid in organizational effectiveness when dealing with knowledge by developing infrastructure and improving processes to enhance innovative outcomes.
University of Birmingham Architecture, persistence and dissolution of a 20 to 45 year old trichloroethene DNAPL source zone

A detailed field-scale investigation of processes controlling the architecture, persistence and dissolution of a 20to45yearoldtrichloroethene (TCE) densenon-aqueousphase liquid(DNAPL) source zone located within a heterogeneous sand/gravel aquifer at a UK industrial site is presented. The source zone was partially enclosed by a 3-sided cell that allowed detailed longitudinal/fence transect monitoring along/across a controlled streamtube of flow induced by an extraction well positioned at the cell closed end. Integrated analysis of high-resolution DNAPL saturation ( S n ) (from cores), dissolved-phase plume concentration (from multilevel samplers), tracer test and permeability datasets was undertaken. DNAPL architecture was determined from soil concentration data using partitioning calculations. DNAPL threshold soil concentrations and low S n values calculated were sensitive to sorption assumptions. An outcome of this was the uncertainty in demarcation of secondary source zone diffused and sorbed mass that is distinct from trace amounts of low S n DNAPL mass. The majority of source mass occurred within discrete lenses or pools of DNAPL associated with low permeability geological units. High residual saturation ( S n N 10 – 20%) and pools ( S n N 20%) together accounted for almost 40% of the DNAPL mass, but only 3% of the sampled source volume. High-saturation DNAPL lenses/pools were supported by lower permeability layers, but with DNAPL still primarily present within slightly morepermeableoverlyingunits.Theselenses
Theory-and Evidence-Based Digital Intervention Tool for Weight Loss Maintenance (NoHoW Toolkit): Systematic Development and Refinement Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23 (12)

Background: Many weight loss programs show short-term effectiveness, but subsequent weight loss maintenance is difficult to achieve. Digital technologies offer a promising means of delivering behavior change approaches at low costs and on a wide scale. The Navigating to a Healthy Weight (NoHoW) project, which was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, aimed to develop, test, and evaluate a digital toolkit designed to promote successful long-term weight management. The toolkit was tested in an 18-month, large-scale, international, 2×2 factorial (motivation and self-regulation vs emotion regulation) randomized controlled trial that was conducted on adults with overweight or obesity who lost ≥ 5% of their body weight in the preceding 12 months before enrollment into the intervention. Objective: This paper aims to describe the development of the NoHoW Toolkit, focusing on the logic models, content, and specifications, as well as the results from user testing.
Temporal changes of fish mercury concentrations in mining-affected Pinchi Lake, BC

The Pinchi Mine produced metallic mercury from 1940 to 1944 (historical) and from 1968 to 1975 (modern operation). From 2010 – 2012, the mine underwent decommissioning and reclamation to ensure that terrestrial areas affected by the mine do not pose unacceptable risks to ecological resources. Historical operations included placement of roasted ores (calcines) in the lake opposite the old mill. This resulted in highly elevated mercury concentrations in nearshore sediments. This source, as well as broad aerial deposition of elemental mercury during the roasting process in both operations, increased the mercury load to sediments throughout the lake. Prior to 2000, there were limited data on mercury in fish from Pinchi Lake. Detailed fish mercury studies were conducted in 2000, 2006 and 2011, focusing on mercury-size relationships of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), whitefish (Coregonus sp.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). While fish mercury concentrations have declined by nearly an order of magnitude from their peak in 1974, the rate of decrease in mercury concentrations has slowed since 2000. The focus of temporal comparisons is based on length-standardized fish size, because of the positive correlation between mercury concentration and size. Overall, mercury concentration in fish have declined from their peaks in the late 1970s (>5 ppm), but remain elevated in Pinchi relative to nearby Stuart and Tezzeron lakes in lake trout (0.53 ppm), whitefish (0.25 ppm) and rainbow trout (0.18 ppm). Given the longevity and size of lake trout and slow burial rate of historically contaminated sediments, the timeframe for recovery of the lake to ‘regional’ fish mercury concentrations is unknown. Risk assessments have evaluated potential implications of fish consumption on local wildlife species (eagle, grebe, otter), as well as on human health. Continued monitoring of fish mercury concentrations is part of the risk management plan for the site.
Parental Altruism, Life Expectancy and Dynamically Inefficient Equilibria Toulouse School of Economics (lerna)

Macrodynamic models with finite lifetime and selfish individuals may feature (dynamically) inefficient equilibria, while models with infinite lifetime and altruistic individuals cannot. However, savings motives increase with parental altruism and lifetime expectancy, thereby favoring overaccumulation. This paper presents a continuous time OLG model which generalizes the Blanchard-Buiter-Weil model and allows to clarify the relationships between dynastic altruism, the length of planning horizons, and dynamic (in)efficiency. Our main innovation relies on the introduction of parental altruism, whose intensity is variable. We reach three main conclusions. First, we show that parental altruism and life expectancy do favor overaccumula-tion. Second, we explain why the Ramsey model only displays dynamic efficiency. A necessary condition for inefficiency actually implies the nonexistence of a dynamic competitive equilibrium. Third, theoretical results are illustrated by a parameter-ization from US data. Our numerical exercises suggest that the US economy is dynamically efficient, mainly because life expectancy is sufficiently short. A. Venditti, J.-P. Vidal. We also thank participants in EUREQua and GREQAM seminars. The usual disclaimer applies.
Factors and Subwords of Rich Partial Words

—Many classes of ﬁnite words have noticeable properties with reference to their palindromic factors and one among them are the words having zero palindromic defect i.e., words rich in palindromes. In this paper we introduce rich partial word and discuss its combinatorial properties. We show that the palindromic richness of a partial word can be studied by including the positions of the missing symbols in that word. The signiﬁcant diﬀerence between rich and rich partial word is that a rich word of length n contains exactly n + 1 distinct palindromic factors whereas a rich partial word of length n contains at least n + 1 distinct palindromic factors. These factors diﬀer from the classical palindromes due to the presence of holes.
Public Knowledge of Free-Roaming Horses in the United States

A BSTRACT : The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 provides federal oversight and protection for feral horses (wild free-roaming; WFR horses) that inhabit designated areas on public lands in the western United States. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) estimated in 2019 that over 80,000 free-roaming equids inhabited 29 million hectares on 177 designated herd management areas. This population estimate exceeds the designated appropriate management level of 26,785. To provide BLM managers with insights regarding the U.S. public knowledge and perceptions about the management of WFR horses in the U.S., we surveyed the public using an online survey process. We hypothesized that respondents from the western U.S. would be more knowledgeable of the ecology and management of WFR horses, because of their proximity to most of the WFR horses managed in the U.S. We stratified the U.S. into five regions, with the intent to acquire at least 400 responses from each; we met this quota in four of the five regions (n of southwest = 376). Overall, the U.S. public was unknowledgeable about the ecology of WFR horses and legal management options to control their populations. While there were some associations between region, sex, age, income, and each of our questions, the strength of these associations was very weak. Therefore, demographics may not be useful in predicting the level of knowledge of the U.S. public concerning WFR horses. Our results highlight the need for improved outreach and communication efforts regarding the issues and consequences of free-roaming equid management approaches.
Automated Brain Tumor Diagnosis Using Deep Residual U-Net Segmentation Model

: Automated segmentation and classification of biomedical images act as a vital part of the diagnosis of brain tumors (BT). A primary tumor brain analysis suggests a quicker response from treatment that utilizes for improving patient survival rate. The location and classification of BTs from huge medicinal images database, obtained from routine medical tasks with manual processes are a higher cost together in effort and time. An automatic recognition, place
Humans adapt their foraging strategies and computations to environment complexity

Foraging has been suggested to provide a naturalistic context for studying decision-making. In the wild and in the laboratory, foragers come close to approximating the optimal decision strategy given by Marginal Value Theorem (MVT; Charnov, 1976). Recent work has used reinforcement learning to understand how the variables for decision-making under an MVT-policy are learned (Garrett & Daw, 2020; Simon & Daw, 2011). This work often implicitly assumes the forager begins with a specific, fixed representation of the environment. However, it is likely that this representation is also something that must be learned. Here we ask — can foragers learn a representation of the environment and, importantly, do they adapt their decision strategies and value computations to this representation as it evolves? We propose a model of how foragers could use principled statistical inference to organize their past experiences into a representation that guides decision-making. The model was tested in a variant of a serial stay/switch foraging task with multimodal reward distributions and non-uniform transition structure between patch types. In this task, participants adapted their foraging to both the richness of the local context and their internal uncertainty. These results are consistent with participants having learned and used a model of the environment to guide their decisions. Overall, these findings demonstrate the utility of combining representation learning and reinforcement learning to understand foraging behavior.
Examination of the impacts of green transformational leadership and green core competencies to promote green process innovation in SMEs

Th is study investigates the role of green transformational leadership of business owner - managers in small and medium - sized enterprises (SMEs) in green process innovation. More specifically, this study combines the natural resource - based theory and the upper echelons theory to examine green core competency as an important basic tool in the impact of green transformational leadership styles of managers in SMEs on green process innovation. Data were collected from 403 SMEs to test the developed theoretical model. The Smart PLS 3 analysis program was utilized to conduct the analysis. The results confirm that the green transformational leadership of business owner - managers in SMEs has a direct positive relationship with green process innovation and an indirect positive relationship thr ough green core competencies. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the green transformational leadership of business owner - managers in SMEs positively affects green core capabilities , and green core capabilities also support green process innovation. The study contributes to theoretical and practical knowledge by elucidating the relationships between green transformational leadership and green process innovation and highlighting areas of organization al development that may impact green process innovation, particularly in the manufacturing SME industry.