Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical notions used in the theory of statistical shape analysis

We review key mathematical concepts used in the theory of Statistical Shape Analysis (SSA). The treatment is elementary and aims at providing a brief guide to a large number of results and ideas which are dispersed over an also very large literature on Non-Euclidean Geometry, Differential Geometry, and Topology. The goal is to provide an introduction to the ideas SSA touches in these areas to researchers wishing to apply SSA in practice. 0.1 Relations, equivalence relations and equivalence classes Definition 1. A relation on a set A is a subset, R, of A = A×A. Usually, relations are defined by providing a statement that singles out a collection of elements of A × A for membership in the relation. A relation R on a set A is: • reflexive if for all x ∈ A, xRx. • symmetric if, for all x, y ∈ A, xRy implies yRx. • transitive if, for all x, y, z ∈ A, xRy and yRz imply xRz. • an equivalence relation if R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Example 1. Let F be the set of fractions of integers. Define a/b ≡ c/d if ad = bc. Then ≡ (equality of fractions) is a relation on F . Thus, e.g., the pair (1/2, 2/4) is in the subset of F defined by ≡. Furthermore, ≡ is an equivalence relation since: 1. it is reflexive: for each a/b ∈ F , a/b ≡ a/b; 2. it is symmetric: for each a/b, c/d ∈ F , if a/b ≡ c/d, then c/d ≡ a/b;
Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Phytoplankton Primary Production in Lake Taihu Derived from MODIS Data

We investigated the long-term variations in primary production in Lake Taihu using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, based on the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM). We firstly test the applicability of VGPM in Lake Taihu by comparing the results between the model-derived and the in situ results, and the results showed that a strong significant correlation (R2 = 0.753, p autumn > spring > winter, with significantly higher primary production found in summer and autumn than in winter (p < 0.005, t-test), primarily caused by seasonal variations in water temperature. On a monthly scale, the primary production exerts a clear character of bimodality, increasing from January to May, decreasing in June or July, and finally reaching its highest value during August or September. Wind is another important factor that could affect the spatial variations of primary production in the large, eutrophic and shallow Lake Taihu.
Is cold gas fuelling the radio galaxy NGC 315

We present WSRT, VLA and VLBI observations of the H i absorption in the radio galaxy NGC 315. The main result is that two H i absorbing systems are detected against the central region. In addition to the known highly redshifted, very narrow component, we detect relatively broad (FWZI ∼ 150 km s −1 ) absorption. This broad component is redshifted by ∼80 km s −1 compared to the systemic velocity, while the narrow absorption is redshifted ∼490 km s −1 . B oth Hi absorption components are spatially resolved at the pcscale of the VLBI observations. The broad component shows strong gradients in density (or excitation) and velocity along the jet. We conclude that this gas is physically close to the AGN, although the nature of the gas resulting in the broad absorption is not completely clear. The possibility that it is entrained by the radio jet (and partly responsible of the deceleration of the jet) appears unlikely. Gas located in a thick circumnuclear toroidal structure, with orientation similar to the dusty, circumnuclear disk observed with HST, cannot be completely ruled out although it appears difficult to reconcile with the observed morphology and kinematics of the H i . Ap erhaps more likely scenario is that the gas producing the broad absorption could be (directly or indirectly) connected with the fueling of the AGN, i.e. gas that is falling into the nucleus. If this is the case, the accretion rate derived is similar (considering all uncertainties) to that found for other X-ray luminous elliptical galaxies, although lower than that derived from the radio core luminosity for NGC 315. The data also show that, in contrast to the broad component, the density distribution of the narrow component is featureless. Moreover, in the WSRT observations we do detect a small amount of H i in emission a few kpc SW of the AGN, coincident with faint optical absorption features and at velocities very similar to the narrow absorption. This suggests that the gas causing the narrow absorption is not close to the AGN and is more likely caused by clouds falling into NGC 315. The environment of NGC 315 turns out to be indeed quite gas rich since we detect five gas-rich companion galaxies in the immediate vicinity of NGC 315.
Temperature control of a diffusive medium using the second generation CRONE control

This paper presents the design of the temperature control of a diffusive medium by using a unique robust controller for three different materials: aluminum, copper and iron. For the control-system design, the aluminum is selected as the material defining the nominal model. Then, the second generation CRONE control is used because the parametric uncertainty (due to the copper and the iron) leads to variations of open-loop gain. Finally, the responses in frequency-domain and in time-domain have been illustrated at the position of the actuator to show the stability degree robustness.
Constraint Projections for Discriminative Support Vector Machines

Abstract— The objection of the standard support vector machine (SVM) is to achieve the maximum margin and control the generalization capability of SVM classifier. It only considers the punishment constraints, but does not introduce the within-class and between-class constraint projections. A novel robust discriminative support vector machines algorithm with pairwise constraint projections called CPSVM is discussed for linearly separable and linearly non-separable datasets. CPSVM can preserve the structure of the original samples data as well as the pairwise constraints in the projective feature spaces. The central idea is to find a projective vector such that can assure the maximum margin of SVM hyperplane, and simultaneously considers improving the tightness among the distances between the similar patterns under the must-link constraints, while expanding the distances between those dissimilar pairs under the cannot-link constraints after the restricted data are projected onto the projection vector in the high-dimensional kernel spaces. The projection process can make the nonlinear data separable in the feature spaces. We demonstrate the practical usefulness and good performance of CPSVM algorithm in data visualization and classification tasks through extensive simulations on eleven UCI datasets. Experimental results show that CPSVM algorithm can almost always achieve the highest accuracies and has better robustness to the distant data noise.
Cognitive Wireless Network with Cooperative and Selfish Nodes

In this paper we report on our fundamental results and new work on building cognitive wireless networks that complete resource sharing in a local environment. We emphasize two fundamentals issues. First, a cognitive network with full cooperative nodes. Second, the cooperative and not cooperative behavior of selfish users in our network. The cooperative behavior among the radios is regularly believed to require a rich exchange of information. We show in this work that cooperation can be an emergent phenomenon with a considerable costs. We apply Coalitional Games to cognitive wireless networks to show that coalitional attitude both in sensing and transmission data can give a very good gain. The impacting factors of achievable cooperative gain is mathematically calculated, also incurred cooperation overhead are presented. A simulation proof of the two issues conclude our paper.
From the Leonardo Archive

The author has researched and developed a theory of computation for caricature and has implemented this theory as an interactive computer graphics program. The Caricature Generator program is used to create caricatures by amplifying the differences between the face to be caricatured and a comparison face. This continuous, parallel amplification of facial features on the computer screen simulates the visualization process in the imagination of the caricaturist. The result is a recognizable, animated caricature, generated by computer and mediated by an individual who may or may not have facility for drawing, but who, like most human beings, is expert at visualizing and recognizing faces.
Eecient and Flexible Matching of Recursive Types

Equality and subtyping of recursive types have been studied in the 1990s by Amadio and Cardelli; Kozen, Palsberg, and Schwartzbach; Brandt and Henglein; and others. Potential applications include automatic generation of bridge code for multi-language systems and type-based retrieval of software modules from libraries. Auerbach, Barton, and Raghavachari advocate a highly exible combination of matching rules for which there, until now, are no eecient algorithmic techniques. In this paper, we present an eecient decision procedure for a notion of type equality that includes unfolding of recursive types, and associa-tivity and commutativity of product types, as advocated by Auerbach et al. For two types of size at most n, our algorithm decides equality in O(n 2) time. The algorithm iteratively prunes a set of type pairs, and eventually it produces a set of pairs of equal types. In each iteration, the algorithm exploits a so-called coherence property of the set of type pairs produced in the preceding iteration. The algorithm takes O(n) iterations each of which takes O(n) time, for a total of O(n 2) time.
Cloud computing for an adaptive Web interface

Cloud Computing is a new method, builds on decades of research more recently in networking, web and software services. As we move toward the cloud computing web platform, the most of user data applications will reside in this network. In the Web context, applications using user model generated and provided a useful model. In this paper, we present our adaptive Web interface using Bayesian user model and we give special importance to the connection between cloud computing and our adaptive user interface.
Interpreting the gene expression microarray results: a user-based evaluation of 10 bioinformatics tools

A b s T R A C T In recent years many tools have been developed to cope with the interpretation of gene expression results from microarray experiments. The effectiveness of these tools largely depends on their ease of use by biomedical researchers. Tools based on effective computational methods, indeed, cannot be fully exploited by users if they are not supported by an intuitive interface, a large set of utilities and effective outputs. In this paper, ten tools for the interpretation of gene expression microarray results have been tested on eleven microarray datasets and evaluated according to eight assessment criteria: 1. interface design and usability, 2. easiness of input submission, 3. effectiveness of output representation, 4. efficacy of the downloaded outputs, 5. possibility to submit multiple gene IDs, 6. sources of information, 7. provision of different statistical tests and 8. supply of multiple test correction methods. Strengths and weaknesses of each tool are highlighted: a. to provide useful tips to users dealing with the biological interpretation of microarray results; b. to draw the attention of software developers on the usability of their tools.
On cyclic lowest density MDS array codes constructed using starters

In this paper, we present a systematic study on cyclic lowest density MDS array codes constructed using starters. We first show that all cyclic lowest density MDS array codes of distance 3 and length 2n can be constructed using normalized cyclic bipyramidal starters in the additive group of congruence classes modulo 2n. We then discuss when and how to transform non-cyclic lowest density MDS array codes constructed using other starters (including even starters and patterned starters) to cyclic codes. Finally, we also discuss how to construct quasi-cyclic lowest density MDS array codes using multi-starters for an even length when no cyclic lowest density MDS array code exists for this even length.
Can We Believe the Fund Reviews in Internet Forums?

Whether the reviews in Internet can be trusted or not is an important issue to all individuals in making their investment decision. By using natural language techniques, this paper extracts the sentiment of fund reviews and compares it with the professional fund rating results provided by the authorized investment research institute in China. The experiments show that the sentiment of reviews and the professional fund rating have a significantly correlation and the index constructed by sentiment analysis can effectively reflect the specialists' opinions. It implies that although there is so much noise in Internet forums, the total sentiment orientation is valuable and can be trusted to support funds investment decision making.
3D face recognition based on fast feature detection and non-rigid iterative Closest Point

This paper presents a 3D face recognition algorithm using fast landmark detection and non-rigid iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The proposed approach can estimate the facial feature region using the anthropometric face model after pose correction, and accurately detect 9 facial landmarks (nose tip, sellion, inner and outer eye corners, nostrils and mouth center). An extension of ICP algorithm has also been proposed to matching the non-rigid 3D face shapes. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the existing methods, the proposed approach can efficiently detect human facial landmarks and satisfactorily deal with the 3D face matching problem.
Novel Thiosemicarbazones Regulate the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Pathway: Inhibition of Constitutive and Interleukin 6–Induced Activation by Iron Depletion

Pharmacologic manipulation of metal pools in tumor cells is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we reveal how the iron-binding ligands desferrioxamine (DFO), di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) inhibit constitutive and interleukin 6–induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, which promotes proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. We demonstrate that DFO, Dp44mT, and DpC significantly decrease constitutive phosphorylation of the STAT3 transcription factor at Tyr705 in the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 as well as the prostate cancer cell line DU145. These compounds also significantly decrease the dimerized STAT3 levels, the binding of nuclear STAT3 to its target DNA, and the expression of downstream targets of STAT3, including cyclin D1, c-myc, and Bcl-2. Examination of upstream mediators of STAT3 in response to these ligands has revealed that Dp44mT and DpC could significantly decrease activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src and activation of cAbl in DU145 and MIAPaCa-2 cells. In contrast to the effects of Dp44mT, DpC, or DFO on inhibiting STAT3 activation, the negative control compound di-2-pyridylketone 2-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, or the DFO:Fe complex, which cannot bind cellular iron, had no effect. This demonstrates the role of iron-binding in the activity observed. Immunohistochemical staining of PANC-1 tumor xenografts showed a marked decrease in STAT3 in the tumors of mice treated with Dp44mT or DpC compared with the vehicle. Collectively, these studies demonstrate suppression of STAT3 activity by iron depletion in vitro and in vivo, and reveal insights into regulation of the critical oncogenic STAT3 pathway.
Rest global longitudinal 2D strain to detect coronary artery disease in patients undergoing stress echocardiography: a comparison with wall-motion and coronary flow reserve responses

Myocardium subtended by obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) may show reduced left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS), as well as early systolic lengthening (ESL) before shortening; these can be measured at rest and may predict obstructive CAD. This study investigated whether baseline resting LV longitudinal strain measurements may be able to detect significant CAD in patients undergoing stress echocardiography (SE) and coronary angiography, who have normal resting wall motion. We selected patients with a clinical indication of coronary angiography who were previously referred for SE. Patients with known CAD, rest wall-motion (WM) abnormalities, or rhythm/conduction abnormalities were excluded. Speckle tracking strain analyses were retrospectively performed on digitally archived 2D video-loops, using vendor independent software. Peak GLS and duration of ESL were recorded. Diagnostic accuracy of each parameter to predict obstructive (≥50%) CAD was assessed and multivariate logistic regression models fitted and compared. Eighty-two patients were enrolled and 49 had significant CAD by quantitative angiography. Patients with CAD were more often male (P=0.01) and more frequently presented with typical angina (P<0.01). Among rest and stress variables, GLS showed a Youden index of 0.665, while SE WM assessment showed a Youden index of 0.599. These were the only two parameters that remained predictive in multivariate analyses. In conclusion, rest GLS demonstrated comparable accuracy with stress-echo data for prediction of angiographically obstructive CAD; it also added significant CAD prediction when combined with clinical data, similar to SE WM assessment.
A Compensation Way for a Differential Pair to Achieve a High Performance Single-Ended to Differential Converter

An improved technique is presented for a differential pair operating as a single-ended to differential converter. Common source stages are used to compensate the output amplitude difference, and a resistor in series with a dummy transistor is in parallel with only one common source stage to compensate the output phase difference. The simulation results show that for the output differential signal, HD2 < -48.5 dBc, HD3 < -50.5 dBc, the amplitude difference < 4.5% and the absolute phase difference < 3deg with 0.18 mum-CMOS technology, over the frequency range from 1.6 GHz to 2.4 GHz. The simulation results agree with the improved technique well.
Solving Graph Coloring Problems Using Cultural Algorithm

This paper proposes a new method based on the cultural algorithm to solve graph coloring problem (GCP). Graph coloring problem involves finding the minimum number of colors for coloring the graph vertices such that adjacent vertices have distinct colors. In this paper various components of cultural algorithm have been implemented to solve GCP with a self adaptive behavior in an efficient manner. As a result of utilizing the cultural algorithm, the proposed algorithm results on finding the solution significantly fast. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a high performance in solving this problem. Keywords-cultural algorithm; evolutionary algorithms; graph coloring; self adaptive;
Internet pornography use and sexual motivation: a systematic review and integration

ABSTRACT Pornography use is a common activity in the developed world. This work consolidates research about pornography use into an organizational structure that is relevant to sexual motivation more broadly. To accomplish this, a comprehensive review of research is conducted, examining personality, emotional, and attitudinal associates and predictors of pornography use, as well as behaviours, attitudes, and motivations that are associated with or predicted by pornography use. Reviewing over 130 studies, the present work demonstrates that pornography is most often consumed for pleasure-seeking purposes, that it associated with increases in casual or impersonal approaches to sexuality, and that it predicts more pleasure-oriented approaches to sexual behaviour. The implications of these findings are discussed.
PD-L1 Expression Correlates with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

Wimberly and colleagues analyzed pretreatment biopsies and outcomes from 105 breast cancer patients; they report the association of PD-L1 expression with hormone receptor–negative and triple-negative status and pathologic complete responseand suggest that PD-L1 expression is a biomarker in this treatment cohort. Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune regulatory molecule that limits antitumor immune activity. Targeting of PD-L1 and other immune checkpoint proteins has shown therapeutic activity in various tumor types. The expression of PD-L1 and its correlation with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer has not been studied extensively. Our goal was to assess PD-L1 expression in a cohort of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pretreatment biopsies from 105 patients with breast cancer from Yale New Haven Hospital that subsequently received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed for PD-L1 protein expression by automated quantitative analysis with a rabbit monoclonal antibody (E1L3N) to the cytoplasmic domain of PD-L1. In addition, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were assessed on hematoxylin and eosin slides. PD-L1 expression was observed in 30% of patients, and it was positively associated with hormone-receptor–negative and triple-negative status and high levels of TILs. Both TILs and PD-L1 measured in the epithelium or stroma predicted pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in univariate and multivariate analyses. However, because they are strongly associated, TILs and PD-L1 cannot both be included in a significant multivariate model. PD-L1 expression is prevalent in breast cancer, particularly hormone-receptor–negative and triple-negative patients, indicating a subset of patients that may benefit from immune therapy. Furthermore, PD-L1 and TILs correlate with pCR, and high PD-L1 predicts pCR in multivariate analysis. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(4); 326–32. ©2014 AACR.