Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular hydrogen in Lyman alpha emitters

We present a physically motivated model to estimate the molecular hydrogen (H2) content of high-redshift (z≈ 5.7 and 6.6) Lyman α emitters (LAEs) extracted from a suite of cosmological simulations. We find that the H2 mass fraction, , depends on three main LAE physical properties: (a) star formation rate, (b) dust mass and (c) cold neutral gas mass. At z≈ 5.7, the value of peaks and ranges between 0.5 and 0.9 for intermediate-mass LAEs with stellar mass M*≈ 109 - 1010 M⊙, decreasing for both smaller and larger galaxies. However, the largest value of the H2 mass is found in the most luminous LAEs. These trends also hold at z≈ 6.6, although, due to a lower dust content, when averaged over all LAEs; they arise due to the interplay between the H2 formation/shielding controlled by dust and the intensity of the ultraviolet Lyman–Werner photodissociating radiation produced by stars. We then predict the carbon monoxide (CO) luminosities for such LAEs and check that they are consistent with the upper limits found by Wagg et al. for two z > 6 LAEs. At z≈ 5.7 and 6.6, the lowest CO rotational transition observable for both samples with the actual capabilities of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is the CO(6−5). We find that at z≈ 5.7, about 1–2 per cent of LAEs, i.e. those with an observed Lyman α luminosity larger than 1043.2 erg s−1, would be detectable with an integration time of 5–10 h (a signal-to-noise ratio of 5); at z≈ 6.6, none of the LAEs would be detectable in CO, even with an ALMA integration time of 10 h. We also build the CO ‘flux function’, i.e. the number density of LAEs as a function of the line-integrated CO flux, SCO, and show that it peaks at SCO= 0.1 mJy at z= 5.7, progressively shifting to lower values at higher redshifts. We end by discussing the model uncertainties.
Mechanisms for composite particle production in nuclear reactions using (. cap alpha. ,. cap alpha. 'x) reactions up to 40 MeV/nucleon

Spectra of . cap alpha. particles from 90, 120, and 160 MeV . cap alpha. -induced reactions on /sup 54/Fe have been measured and, together with data taken at 59 MeV, were analyzed in terms of the exciton coalescence model. Multiple-particle emission was found to be important in reproducing the shapes of the angle integrated spectra. Deduced radii P/sub 0/ of coalescence spheres in momentum space are consistent with the assumption that P/sub 0/ is constant.
An Experimental Study of a Fuzzy Adaptive Emperor Penguin Optimizer for Global Optimization Problem

Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO) is a recently developed population-based meta-heuristic algorithm that simulates the huddling behavior of emperor penguins. Mixed results have been observed on the performance of EPO in solving general optimization problems. Within the EPO, two parameters need to be tuned (namely <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to ensure a good balance between exploration (i.e., roaming unknown locations) and exploitation (i.e., manipulating the current known best). Since the search contour varies depending on the optimization problem, the tuning of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is problem-dependent, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. To alleviate these problems, an adaptive mechanism can be introduced in EPO. This paper proposes a fuzzy adaptive variant of EPO, namely Fuzzy Adaptive Emperor Penguin Optimizer (FAEPO), to solve this problem. As the name suggests, FAEPO can adaptively tune the parameters <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l$ </tex-math></inline-formula> throughout the search based on three measures (i.e., quality, success rate, and diversity of the current search) via fuzzy decisions. A test suite of twelve optimization benchmark test functions and three global optimization problems (Team Formation Optimization - TFO, Low Autocorrelation Binary Sequence - LABS, and Modified Condition/Decision Coverage - MC/DC test case generation) were solved using the proposed algorithm. The respective solution results of the benchmark meta-heuristic algorithms were compared. The experimental results demonstrate that FAEPO significantly improved the performance of its predecessor (EPO) and gives superior performance against the competing meta-heuristic algorithms, including an improved variant of EPO (IEPO).
Mapping the information landscape of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration Strategy

The strategy of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration identifies three pathways for action for overcoming six global barriers thought to hamper upscaling. We evaluated 6,023 peer‐reviewed and gray literature papers published over the last two decades to map the information landscape underlying the barriers and associated pathways for action across world regions, terrestrial ecosystem types, restorative interventions and their outcomes. Overall, the literature addressed more the financial and legislative barriers than the technical and research‐related ones, supporting the view that social, economic and political factors hamper scaling up ecosystem restoration. Latin America, Africa, and North America were the most prominent regions in the literature, yet differed in the number of publications addressing each barrier. An overwhelming number of publications focused on forests (78%), while grasslands (6%), drylands (3%), and mangroves (2%) received less attention. Across the three pathways for action, the action lines on (1) promoting long‐term ecosystem restoration actions and monitoring and (2) education on restoration were the most underrepresented in the literature. In general, restorative interventions assessed rendered positive outcomes except those of a political, legislative or financial nature which reported negative or inconclusive outcomes. Our indicative assessment reveals critical information gaps on barriers, pathways, and types of restorative interventions across world regions, particularly related to specific social issues such as education for ecosystem restoration. Finally, we call for refining “strength of evidence” assessment frameworks that can systematically appraise, synthesize and integrate information on traditional and practitioner knowledge as two essential components for improving decision‐making in ecosystem restoration.
Feasibility study for the hard x-ray free electron laser based on synergistic use of conventional and plasma accelerator technologies

We access the possibility of using a conventional RF accelerator as an injector for the plasma driven wakeﬁeld accelerator. Conventional accelerators deliver high quality beams with low emittance and low energy spread. Once injected into the plasma wake, the emittance may be preserved upon proper beam matching while the energy spread may not due to long beam duration delivered by the conventional accelerator. Parameters of the overall accelerator system and the free electron laser which uses such a beam are estimated.
Bandits Games and Clustering Foundations

This thesis takes place within the machine learning theory. In particular it focuses on three sub-domains, stochastic optimization, online learning and clustering. These subjects exist for decades, but all have been recently studied under a new perspective. For instance, bandits games now offer a unified framework for stochastic optimization and online learning. This point of view results in many new extensions of the basic game. In the first part of this thesis, we focus on the mathematical study of these extensions (as well as the classical game). On the other hand, in the second part we discuss two important theoretical concepts for clustering, namely the consistency of algorithms and the stability as a tool for model selection.
Model Predictive Current Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Sliding Mode Observer With Enhanced Current and Speed Tracking Ability Under Disturbance

For model predictive current control (MPCC) strategy, it's poor dynamic response caused by speed loop PI control and poor parameter robustness are the main factors restricting its development. So, this paper proposes a model predictive current control based on sliding mode observer with better tracking ability of current and speed under disturbance. First, this paper analyzes the effect of motor parameter mismatches on current predicted values from multiple perspectives. And a sliding mode disturbance observer is designed to compensate lumped disturbances including parameter mismatches and unmodeled dynamic disturbances into prediction model. Then, the speed loop PI controller in model predictive current control is replaced by a deadbeat predictive controller to improve response speed of the speed loop. Meanwhile, the sliding mode load torque observer is constructed to observe the load torque and sends it into the deadbeat predictive controller to improve the anti-load disturbance performance of the control system. Furthermore, a sliding mode reaching law based on sinusoidal saturation function is proposed to suppress chattering of sliding mode observer. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed control strategy not only has faster dynamic response but also has good speed and current tracking performance under lumped disturbance and load disturbance.
Mapping Proteome and Lipidome Changes in Early-Onset Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Hepatic 3D Spheroids

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects one-fourth of the world’s population. Central to the disease progression is lipid accumulation in the liver, followed by inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis. The underlying mechanism behind the early stages of the disease is poorly understood. We have exposed human hepatic HepG2/C3A cells-based spheroids to 65 μM oleic acid and 45 μM palmitic acid and employed proteomics and lipidomics analysis to investigate their effect on hepatocytes. The treatment successfully induced in vivo hallmarks of NAFLD, as evidenced by intracellular lipid accumulation and increased ATP levels. Quantitative lipidome analysis revealed an increase in ceramides, LPC and saturated triglycerides and a decrease in the ratio of PC/PE, similar to the changes observed in patients’ liver biopsies. The proteomics analysis combined with qPCR showed increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) signalling. Activation of EMT was further validated by transcriptomics in TGF-β treated spheroids, where an increase in mesenchymal cell markers (N-cadherin and collagen expression) was found. Our study demonstrates that this model system thus closely echoes several of the clinical features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and can be used to investigate the underlying molecular changes occurring in the condition.
Spectra and elliptic flow for identified hadrons in 2.76 A TeV Pb+Pb collisions

Using the VISHNU hybrid model that couples (2+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics to a microscopic hadronic transport model, we calculate the multiplicity, p_T spectra and elliptic flow for pions, kaons, and protons in 2.76 A TeV Pb+Pb collisions, using MC-KLN initializations with smoothed initial conditions, obtained by averaging over a large number of events. The results from our calculations are compared to data from the ALICE collaboration, showing nice agreement over several centrality bins. Using the same inputs, we predict the p_T spectra and elliptic flow for phi mesons and explore its flow development in the strong and weak coupling limits through hydrodynamic calculations with different decoupling temperatures. In addition we study the influence of baryon and anti-baryon annihilation processes on common observables and demonstrate that by including annihilation processes below a switching temperature of 165 MeV, VISHNU provides a good description of the multiplicity and p_T spectra for pions, kaons and protons measured by PHENIX and ALICE at both RHIC and the LHC.
EXPLORING THE TRANSIENT RADIO SKY WITH VLITE: EARLY RESULTS

We report on a search for radio transients at 340 MHz with the Jansky Very Large Array Low-band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (VLITE). Between 2015 July 29 and September 27, operating in commensal mode, VLITE imaged approximately 2800 pointings covering 12,000 deg2 on the sky, sampling timescales ranging from tens of seconds to several hours on a daily basis. In addition, between 2015 February 25 and May 9, VLITE observed 55 epochs of roughly 2–4 hr each toward the COSMOS field. Using existing radio source catalogs, we have searched all of the daily VLITE images for transients, while for the COSMOS field we compared individual images and the summed image to search for new sources in repeated observations of the same field. The wide range of timescales makes VLITE sensitive to both coherent and incoherent transient source classes. No new transients are found, allowing us to set stringent upper limits on transients at milli-jansky levels and at low frequencies where comparatively few such surveys have been carried out to date. An all-sky isotropic surface density of bursting radio transients with similar rates, durations, and intensities as the unusual transient GCRT J1745−3009, discovered in wide-field monitoring toward the Galactic center, is ruled out with high confidence. The resulting non-detections allows us to argue that this is a coherent source, whose properties most resemble the growing class of nulling pulsars. We end with a discussion of the future prospects for the detection of transients by VLITE and other experiments.
Measuring Nearby Star Forming Regions with the VLBA

This thesis is part of a large ongoing effort to determine the distance and structure of all star-forming regions within several hundred parsecs of the Sun using radio-interferometric observations. The main goals of this thesis were: (1) Find the mean distance to the two best-studied nearby regions of low-mass star-formation (Taurus and Ophiuchus) with accuracies (a few percent or better) one to two orders of magnitude better than the present values, (2) Explore the structure and dynamics of these star-forming regions, and (3) Study the stars themselves.
Optical and structural properties of SixSnyGe1−x−y alloys

Single-phase SixSnyGe1−x−y alloys (x⩽0.25,y⩽0.11) were grown on Si using chemical vapor deposition. First principles simulations predict that these materials are thermodynamically accessible and yield lattice constants as a function of Si/Sn concentrations in good agreement with experiment. An empirical model derived from experimental SixGe1−x and SnyGe1−y binary data also provides a quantitative description of the composition dependence of the lattice parameters. Spectroscopic ellipsometry of selected samples yields dielectric functions indicating a band structure consistent with highly crystalline semiconductor materials of diamond symmetry. Incorporation of Si into SnyGe1−y leads to an additional reduction of the E2 critical point, as expected based on the E2 values of Si and Ge.
VARIABLES INFLUENCING SPOT SPEED CHARACTERISTICS

ONE HUNDRED SIXTY ARTICLES ARE INCLUDED IN THIS REVIEW WHICH IS DIVIDED INTO FIVE BASIC GROUPS' DRIVER, VEHICLE, ROADWAY, TRAFFIC AND ENVIRONMENT. THE ARTICLES SEEM TO INDICATE THAT OF THE DRIVER VARIABLES, TRIP DISTANCE HAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON SPOT SPEED. TYPE AND AGE OF VEHICLE ARE ALSO PREDOMINANT IN THEIR EFFECT ON SPOT SPEEDS. IN THE AREA OF ROADWAY CHARACTERISTICS, THOSE OF CLASSIFICATION, CURVATURE, GRADIENT, NUMBER OF LANES, AND SURFACE TYPE TEND TO BE OF SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE. TRAFFIC DENSITY AND VEHICLE VOLUME DOMINATE THE TRAFFIC VARIABLES AND THE IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE USUALLY TIME AND WEATHER INSOFAR AS SPOT SPEEDS ARE CONCERNED.
The Mongolian Vowel Acoustic Model Based on the Clustering Algorithm

In order to solve the problem of vowel acoustic modeling in the Mongolian language and provide more scientific core technical support for speech recognition system, a vowel acoustic model based on the clustering algorithm and speech recognition technology was proposed. The language vowel recognition system and Mongolian speech recognition system are constructed, the Mongolian vowel acoustic database is mainly designed, and the number of vowel samples is constantly increased to ensure the acoustic and linguistic phenomena that may be encountered in the Mongolian vowel database. At the same time, classification modeling and context modeling are used to improve the accuracy of the acoustic model. Through experiments, it is found that the experimental results of sparse tritones show that the model has the highest recognition accuracy of 45% for sentences and 86% for words, which is more than 2% higher than before, providing some technical support for Mongolian learning and pronunciation.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Older Primary Care Patients and Their Family Members

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced mandatory stay-at-home orders and concerns about contracting a virus that impacted the physical and mental health of much of the world's population. This study compared the rates of depression and anxiety in a sample of older primary care patients (aged ≥65 years old) and their family members recruited for a clinical trial before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were dyads enrolled in the Caregiver Outcomes of Alzheimer's Disease Screening (COADS) trial, which included 1,809 dyads of older primary care patients and one of their family members. Mean scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) were measured and compared before and during the pandemic. We found no difference in depression and anxiety among dyads of older primary care patients and their family members recruited before and during COVID-19. Additionally, we found that older primary care patients and family members who reported their income as comfortable had significantly lower depression and anxiety compared to those who reported having not enough to make ends meet. Along with this, older primary care patients with a high school education or less were more likely to have anxiety compared to those with a postgraduate degree. Moreover, our findings support the notion that certain demographics of older primary care patients and family members are at a higher risk for depression and anxiety, indicating who should be targeted for psychological health interventions that can be adapted during COVID-19. Future research should continue monitoring older primary care patients and their family members through the remainder of the COVID-19 pandemic.
On the turbulence in the lower troposphere

There are eddies of various scales in the atmosphere, and the Austausch phenomena in the free air have been studied along two lines, one of which is the idea of GroBturbulenz for large scale turbulences, and the other the theory of turbulence in the aero-and fluiddynamics for small scale turbulences. The GroBturbulenz has been studied by Defant, Lettau , and Hillebrand, etc., and the eddy diffusion coefficient of the order of 1011 cm2/sec has been obtained by means of the average pressure pattern and the fluctuation of geostrophic wind. The coefficient of large scale diffusion in the field of geostrophic wind seems to be relating to a phenomenon in the upper air where the surface friction is negligible , but in the lower troposphere, the friction of the earth's surface and the thermal disturbance are not negligible. So that, in the lower troposphere small tubulences may be found more frequently than large scale turbulences in the field of geostrophic wind . But the turbulence in the lower troposphere is of much larger scale than that in wind-tunnel experiments or the micro-oscillation of natural wind with the period ,of several seconds, and so, in this paper, such a turbulence in the lower troposphere is called a middle scale turbulence. The middle scale turbulence is found by analysing the meteorological phenomena in the lower troposphere, such as the oscillation of wind with the periods of 1 ~10minutes, the diffusion of volcanic ashes, and convective cells which appear in gusts of thunderstorm and bursts of precipitation in unstable currents , and may be regarded as eddies.
Higgs mass and right-handed sneutrino WIMP in a supersymmetric 3-3-1 model

This work deals with the right-handed sneutrino as thermal cold dark matter candidate. This scalar emerges in a supersymmetric version of the $SU(3{)}_{c}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}SU(3{)}_{L}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(1{)}_{X}$ gauge model where right-handed neutrinos are a natural component of leptonic chiral scalar supermultiplets. We first consider the issue of a 125 GeV Higgs boson mass in this model, showing that constraints on the stop mass and trilinear soft coupling are considerably alleviated compared to the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Then, we investigate the region of parameter space that is consistent with right-handed sneutrino as thermal cold dark matter, under the light of Planck results on the relic abundance and direct detection from the LUX experiment. This sneutrino mainly annihilates through an extra neutral gauge boson, ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and Higgs exchange so that the physics of dark matter is somewhat related to the parameters determining Higgs and ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ masses. We then obtain that the right-handed sneutrino in this model must be heavier than 400 GeV to conform with Planck and LUX, simultaneously constraining the ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mass to be above 2400 GeV, which is in perfect agreement with LHC searches in a nonsupersymmetric version of this model.
A Novel Oxidative Stress-Related lncRNA Signature That Predicts the Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Breast Cancer

Background The association between oxidative stress and lncRNAs within the cancer-related researching field has been a controversial subject. At present, the exact function of oxidative stress as well as lncRNAs exert in breast cancer (BC) are still unclear. Therefore, the present study examined the lncRNAs oxidative stress-related in BC. Methods Transcriptome data of BC obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database were used to generate synthetic matrices. Patients with breast cancer were randomly assigned to training, testing, or combined groups. The prognostic signature of oxidative stress was created using the selection operator Cox regression method, and the difference in prognosis between groups was examined using Kaplan-Meier curves, the accuracy of which was calculated using a receiver-operating characteristic-area through the curve (ROC-AUC) analysis with internal validation. Also, the Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) was applied for the analysis of the risk groups. To conclude, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of these groups were investigated by immunoassay assay. Results A model based on 7 lncRNAs related to oxidative stress was proposed, and the calibration plots and projected prognosis matched well. For prognosis at 5, 3, and 1 year, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values were 0.777, 0.777, and 0.759. The functions of target genes identified by GSEA appear to be mainly expressed in metabolism, signal transduction, tumorigenesis, and also the progression. The remarkable differences in IC50 and gene expression between risk groups in this study provide a deep insight for further systemic treatment. Higher macrophage scores were acquired in the high-risk group, of which patients showed more response to conventional chemotherapy drugs, such as AKT inhibitor VIII and Lapatinib, as well as immunotherapy strategies including anti-CD80, TNF SF4, CD276, and NRP1. Conclusion The prognosis of breast cancer can be independently predicted by the markers, which sheds light on further research of the specific role of lncRNAs which are oxidative stress-related and clinical treatment of breast cancer.