Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Counterfactual and semi-factual thoughts in moral judgements about failed attempts to harm

ABSTRACT People judge that an individual who attempts to harm someone but fails should be blamed and punished more when they imagine how things could have turned out worse, compared to when they imagine how things could have turned out the same, or when they think only about what happened. This moral counterfactual amplification effect occurs when people believe the protagonist had no reason for the attempt to harm, and not when the protagonist had a reason, as Experiment 1 shows. It occurs for intentional failed attempts to harm and also for accidental near-misses, as Experiment 2 shows, but not for failed attempts in which the harm occurs anyway by another cause, for both general judgments about the event and specific judgments about the individual's actions, as Experiments 3 and 4 show. The implications for understanding the role of counterfactual thoughts in moral judgement are discussed.
On the Intellectual Movement in Turkey through Gramsci and Luxemburg

A petition signed by Turkish and Kurdish intellectuals denouncing the attacks in South East of Turkey and demanding a return to peace opens up to question how this intellectual movement can be evaluated as a political action and/or a form of resistance. Here I will try to analyze it from two different aspects: 1) the role of intellectuals leading social change; 2) the form of this movement. The first aspect is associated with the relation of theory to praxis that matters most. The questions are: Is the role of intellectuals in society only educative or pedagogical? Or can they also play the role of directors, organizers, and illuminators of larger groups? Regarding the second aspect, we should ask whether or not the movement led by this petition is spontaneous or organizational, which addresses us to the form of resistance. For this purpose, firstly, I will use Antonio Gramsci's theory of intellectuals. In the Prison Notebooks, Gramsci considers the problem not only as a cultural problem but as a problem directly linked to the concept of hegemony, praxis, and ideology. I will concentrate on some paragraphs in his fourth (§ 33, § 49, § 51), twelfth (§ 1, § 3), and eleventh (§ 12) Notebooks. Secondly, I will try to analyze this movement through Luxemburg’s concept of spontaneity and her understanding of consciousness especially by use of Mass Strike and Stagnation and Progress of Marxism.
The role of etravirine in the management of treatment-experienced pediatric patients with HIV

Pediatric patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are now living longer, healthier lives due to the advent of combined antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, including regimens that often contain non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). However, first-generation NNRTIs such as nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) have a low genetic barrier to resistance, and both drugs can become ineffective with a single viral point mutation. New agents with activity against resistant viral strains must be available to salvage children and adolescents with virologic failure after NNRTI use. One such drug, etravirine, an oral second-generation NNRTI approved for use in the US in heavily treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected adults in 2008, is accumulating data in this younger population. Etravirine became approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in early 2012 to be used in combination with other ARV medications in HIV-1-infected children aged 6 years to <18 years who are failing their regimens with HIV-1 strains resistant to NNRTIs and other ARVs. This approval was largely based on data from a prospective, open-label, phase II clinical trial in this age group prescribed etravirine at 5.2 mg/kg twice daily (up to the adult dose of 200 mg twice daily) in combination with an investigator-selected optimized background regimen. Currently available 48-week follow-up data show complete viral suppression (<50 copies/mL) in 56% of the patients, with relatively few serious adverse events attributed to the drug. Additional studies and case reports from the field suggest its utility in clinical practice. This review is designed to increase the background understanding of this drug in pediatric HIV providers, to lay out the current pediatric data to support its use, and to define its practical role in the treatment of HIV-infected children now and in the future.
Link analysis on Indoor and Outdoor environment for Mobile Ad Hoc Network using Random Way point Mobility Model and Manhattan Mobility Model

Mobility and connectivity metrics in Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is the most important topic. Each MANET mobility and connectivity metrics has its own strengths and weakness. It turns out the impact of mobility model has become a critical issue in the research of performance comparison. In this paper, we provide an a study of the link analysis in indoor and outdoor environment in which mobile nodes moves according to random waypoint mobility model (RWP) and Manhattan mobility model (MH) respectively. The analysis includes the mobility and connectivity metrics in environment model. We provide in-depth investigation such as the impact of speed, number of nodes and simulation time on link, and how parameters of combined mobility model influence link dynamics. Our study about the link analysis gives us an insight into the network topology dynamics of MANET, and it provides us the basis of further analysis of MANET such as network connectivity. Simulation results verify our analysis of the link of MANET in indoor and outdoor environment. Keyword: mobility model, mobility metrics, connectivity metrics, environment, Mobile Adhoc Networks, Simulation.
Lower bound estimation for low power high-level synthesis

This paper addresses the problem of estimating lower bounds on the power consumption in scheduled data flow graphs with a fixed number of allocated resources prior to binding. The estimated bound takes into account the effects of resource sharing. It is shown that by introducing Lagrangian multipliers and relaxing the low power binding problem to the assignment problem, which can be solved in O(n/sup 3/), a tight and fast computable bound is achievable. Experimental results show the good quality of the bound. In most cases, deviations smaller than 5% from the optimal binding were observed. The proposed technique can for example be applied in branch and bound high-level synthesis algorithms for efficient pruning of the design space. The estimated lower bound can also be used as a starting point for low power binding heuristics to find optimal or near optimal binding solutions.
Interlaced processes on the circle

When two Markov operators commute, it suggests that we can couple two copies of one of the corresponding processes. We explicitly construct a number of couplings of this type for a commuting family of Markov processes on the set of conjugacy classes of the unitary group, using a dynamical rule inspired by the RSK algorithm. Our motivation for doing this is to develop a parallel programme, on the circle, to some recently discovered connections in random matrix theory between reflected and conditioned systems of particles on the line. One of the Markov chains we consider gives rise to a family of Gibbs measures on "bead configurations" on the infinite cylinder. We show that these measures have determinantal structure and compute the corresponding space-time correlation kernel.
MODELING BROADBAND X-RAY ABSORPTION OF MASSIVE STAR WINDS

We present a method for computing the net transmission of X-rays emitted by shock-heated plasma distributed throughout a partially optically thick stellar wind from a massive star. We find the transmission by an exact integration of the formal solution, assuming that the emitting plasma and absorbing plasma are mixed at a constant mass ratio above some minimum radius, below which there is assumed to be no emission. This model is more realistic than either the slab absorption associated with a corona at the base of the wind or the exospheric approximation that assumes that all observed X-rays are emitted without attenuation from above the radius of optical depth unity. Our model is implemented in XSPEC as a pre-calculated table that can be coupled to a user-defined table of the wavelength-dependent wind opacity. We provide a default wind opacity model that is more representative of real wind opacities than the commonly used neutral interstellar medium (ISM) tabulation. Preliminary modeling of Chandra grating data indicates that the X-ray hardness trend of OB stars with spectral subtype can largely be understood as a wind absorption effect.
Robust H∞ filtering for linear descriptor systems with convex bounded uncertainty

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust H∞ filtering for uncertain linear descriptor systems. The matrices of the system state-space model are uncertain, belonging to a given polytope. A method based on a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function is proposed for designing a linear stationary filter with a prescribed H∞ performance, irrespective of the parameter uncertainty. The proposed design is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities which depend on a scalar parameter that should be searched for in order to optimize the filter performance.
Single-Stage Removal of Thoracic Dumbbell Tumors from a Posterior Approach Only with Costotransversectomy

Purpose Thoracic dumbbell tumors are relatively rare, usually arising from neurogenic elements. Methods for surgical removal thereof remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical results of a single-stage posterior approach with laminectomy and costotransversectomy only for the management of thoracic dumbbell tumors. Materials and Methods Eight cases of thoracic large dumbbell tumor were analyzed retrospectively: seven men and one woman (mean age, 49 years). Pathologic findings included schwannoma in five patients, neurofibroma in two patients (Recklinghausen in one patient), and ganglioneuroma in one patient. All patients underwent single-stage removal of dumbbell tumors by a posterior approach followed by laminectomy and costotransversectomy combined with instrumentation. Clinical and radiologic outcomes were reviewed, thereafter. Results Operative time ranged from 185 to 420 minutes (mean, 313 minutes), with estimated blood loss ranging from 71 to 1830 mL (mean, 658 mL). Postoperative complications included atelectasis in one case. All patients had tumors successfully removed with no neurological deterioration. Spinal deformities were not observed in any patients at the last follow-up (mean, 52 months), with instrumentation. Conclusion Single-stage surgery with laminectomy and costotransversectomy may be useful for removing thoracic dumbbell tumors without a combined anterior approach.
Aesthetic Evolutionary Design with Data Flow Networks

For a little over a decade, software has been created which allows for the design of visual content by aesthetic evolutionary design (AED). The great majority of these AED systems involve custom software intended for breeding entities within one fairly narrow problem domain, e.g., certain classes of buildings, cars, images, etc. Only a very few generic AED systems have been attempted, and extending them to a new design problem domain can require a significant amount of custom software development. High-end computer graphics software packages have in recent years become sufficiently robust to allow for flexible specification and construction of high-level procedural models. These packages also provide extensibility, allowing for the creation of new software tools. One component of these systems that enables rapid development of new generative models and tools is the visual data flow network. One of the first CG packages to employ this paradigm was Houdini. A system constructed within Houdini that allows for very fast generic specification of evolvable parametric prototypes is described. The real-time nature of the software, when combined with the interlocking data networks, allows not only for vertical ancestor/child populations within the design space to be explored, but also allows for fast horizontal exploration of the potential population surface. Several example problem domains will be presented and discussed.
Research on survivability metrics based on survivable process of network system

Survivability is a necessary property of network system in disturbed environment. A survivable network always experience five phases, i.e., normal phase, resistance phase, destroyed phase, recovery phase, and adaptation and evolution phase, in its survivable process. This paper concludes the network survivability into four basic attributes: availability, controllability, robustness, and adaptability. According to these four attributes and five phases of a survivable network, this paper provides four novel quantifiable survivability metrics, i.e., Process-Weighted Average Availability (PWAA), Process-Weighted Average Controllability (PWAC), Process-Weighted Average Robustness (PWAR), and Process-Weighted Average Adaptability (PWAD). Analysis and Experiment results show that, these four quantitative metrics describe the meaning of network survivability properly, and can be used to test and evaluate survivability of network during the survivable process.
A survey on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks routing protocols

Vehicular communications have been considered to be an enabler for numerous vehicle safety and information applications. Many automobile manufacturers are indifferent stages of integrating communication devices in their vehicles for the purposes of safety, assisted drivers and entertainments. Because of the dynamic nature of mobile nodes in the network, finding and maintaining routs is very challenging in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks(VANETs). In this paper we have an overview of some routing protocols in VANETs.
Knowing in Journalistic Practice

This article reports the outcomes of an ethnographic study in a public broadcasting company exploring on-the-job learning and knowing in journalistic practice. We use practice perspective and social learning theory to study how knowing in everyday work is achieved within journalists’ communities of practice and in relation to other practices around journalism. A year-long study involved analysis of 19 on-site observations, 25 interviews, over 30 textual company based documents and over 120 photos. We found that journalists’ communities of practice are actively negotiating a shared understanding of good practice. At the same time, individual journalists are relatively free to choose how they use this collective knowledge resource, enabling a creative tension between shared understanding of good practice and individual performances of that practice. Journalists are also responsive to ongoing and anticipated future changes within the practices they align with—practices that are reported about, journalistic practices of other public broadcasting companies and practices of the audience. We, therefore, argue for an understanding of journalistic practice as open-ended and performative, rather than fixed and routine.
Personalized Document Rankings by Incorporating Trust Information From Social Network Data into Link-Based Measures

Recently, two-layer approaches that integrate information from social networks into link-based measures on document reference networks such as the web, scientific publications or wikis gained much attention. In this paper, we extend the framework presented in [1] in order to achieve a stronger personalization of the document recommendations. Therefore, we investigate alternative approaches for bringing trust data from an author trust network “down” to the document reference network and discuss how they can be combined in a comprehensive personalization strategy. In a simulation study, we show the effects of our personalization approach on document recommendations. Moreover, we discuss how the framework presented can be realized in practice.
Correspondence free registration through a point-to-model distance minimization

This paper presents a novel formulation, which derives in a smooth minimization problem, to tackle the rigid registration between a given point set and a model set. Unlike most of the existing works, which are based on minimizing a point-wise correspondence term, we propose to describe the model set by means of an implicit representation. It allows a new definition of the registration error, which works beyond the point level representation. Moreover, it could be used in a gradient-based optimization framework. The proposed approach consists of two stages. Firstly, a novel formulation is proposed that relates the registration parameters with the distance between the model and data set. Secondly, the registration parameters are obtained by means of the Levengberg-Marquardt algorithm. Experimental results and comparisons with state of the art show the validity of the proposed framework.
Document de travail ( Docweb ) n o 1507 Rising Aspirations Dampen Satisfaction

It is commonly-believed that education is a good thing for individuals. Yet its correlation with subjective well-being is most often only weakly positive, or even negative, despite the many associated better individual-level outcomes We here square the circle using novel Japanese data on happiness aspirations. If reported happiness comes from a comparison of outcomes to aspirations, then any phenomenon raising both at the same time will have only a muted effect on reported well-being. We find that around half of the happiness effect of education is cancelled out by higher aspirations, and suggest a similar dampening effect for income. 1 We are very grateful to the Editor, Colin Green, and two anonymous referees for incisive and constructive comments.
From "smart objects" to "social objects": The next evolutionary step of the internet of things

Social networking concepts have been applied to several communication network settings, which span from delay-tolerant to peer-to-peer networks. More recently, one can observe a flourish of proposals aimed at giving social-like capabilities to the objects in the Internet of Things. Such proposals address the design of conceptual (and software) platforms, which can be exploited to easily develop and implement complex applications that require direct interactions among objects. The major goal is to build techniques that allow the network to enhance the level of trust between objects that are "friends" with each other. Furthermore, a social paradigm could definitely guarantee network navigability even if the number of nodes becomes orders of magnitude higher than in the traditional Internet. Objectives of this article are to analyze the major opportunities arising from the integration of social networking concepts into the Internet of Things, present the major ongoing research activities, and point out the most critical technical challenges.
XMM–Newton confirmation of a warm absorber in the z= 4.4 blazar PMN J0525−3343

We present the analysis and results from a series of XMM-Newton observations of the distant blazar PMN J0525-3343 at a redshift of 4.4. The X-ray spectrum shows a spectral flattening below ∼1 keV, confirming earlier results from ASCA and BeppoSAX. The spectrum is well fitted by a power-law continuum with either a spectral break or absorption; no sharp features are apparent in the spectrum. No variability is seen in the individual light curves, although there is evidence of small longer-term variations (∼ months in the blazar frame) in both flux and (0.1-2.4)/(2-10) keV flux ratio. Very low levels of optical-UV extinction and the lack of any evidence of a Lyman-limit system at the quasar redshift rule out neutral absorption and we argue that the most plausible explanation is the presence of a warm, ionized absorber. Very strong C iv absorption in the optical spectrum already implies the presence of highly ionized material along the line of sight. Warm absorber models using the photoionization code CLOUDY are consistent with both the X-ray and C IV data, yielding a column density ∼10 22.3 -10 22.5 cm -2 and ionization parameter ∼10 0.8 -10 1.2 erg cm s -1 .
A model for the visualization exploration process

The current state of the art in visualization research places strong emphasis on different techniques to derive insight from disparate types of data. However, little work has investigated the visualization process itself. The information content of the visualization process - the results, history, and relationships between those results - is addressed by this work. A characterization of the visualization process is discussed, leading to a general model of the visualization exploration process. The model, based upon a new parameter derivation calculus, can be used for automated reporting, analysis, or visualized directly. An XML-based language for expressing visualization sessions using the model is also described. These sessions can then be shared and reused by collaborators. The model, along with the XML representation, provides an effective means to utilize information within the visualization process to further data exploration.
Flowers for Automated Malware Analysis

To handle the large volume of malware samples collected each day, numerous automated malware analysis techniques have been developed. In response, malware authors have made analysis environment detections increasingly popular and commoditized. In turn, security practitioners have created systems that make an analysis environment look like a normal system. Thus far, neither side has claimed a deﬁnitive advantage. In this paper, we demonstrate techniques that, if widely adopted by the criminal underground, would permanently disadvantage automated malware analysis by making it ineffective and unscalable. To do so, we turn the problem of analysis environment detection on its head. That is, instead of trying to design techniques that detect speciﬁc analysis environments, we instead propose malware that will fail to execute correctly on any environment other than the one originally infected.
Nutritional Omega-3 Deficiency Alters Glucocorticoid Receptor-Signaling Pathway and Neuronal Morphology in Regionally Distinct Brain Structures Associated with Emotional Deficits

Extensive evidence suggests that long term dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) deficiency results in altered emotional behaviour. We have recently demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs deficiency induces emotional alterations through abnormal corticosterone secretion which leads to altered dendritic arborisation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here we show that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback inhibition was not compromised in n-3 deficient mice. Rather, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway was inactivated in the PFC but not in the hippocampus of n-3 deficient mice. Consequently, only dendritic arborisation in PFC was affected by dietary n-3 PUFAs deficiency. In addition, occlusion experiment with GR blockade altered GR signaling in the PFC of control mice, with no further alterations in n-3 deficient mice. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs deficiency compromised PFC, leading to dendritic atrophy, but did not change hippocampal GR function and dendritic arborisation. We argue that this GR sensitivity contributes to n-3 PUFAs deficiency-related emotional behaviour deficits.