Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heritability of Boldness and Hypoxia Avoidance in European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

To understand the genetic basis of coping style in European seabass, fish from a full factorial mating (10 females x 50 males) were reared in common garden and individually tagged. Individuals coping style was characterized through behavior tests at four different ages, categorizing fish into proactive or reactive: a hypoxia avoidance test (at 255 days post hatching, dph) and 3 risk-taking tests (at 276, 286 and 304 dph). We observed significant heritability of the coping style, higher for the average of risk-taking scores (h2 = 0.45 ± 0.14) than for the hypoxia avoidance test (h2 = 0.19 ± 0.10). The genetic correlations between the three risk-taking scores were very high (rA = 0.96–0.99) showing that although their repeatability was moderately high (rP = 0.64–0.72), successive risk-taking tests evaluated the same genetic variation. A mild genetic correlation between the results of the hypoxia avoidance test and the average of risk-taking scores (0.45 ± 0.27) suggested that hypoxia avoidance and risk-taking tests do not address exactly the same behavioral and physiological responses. Genetic correlations between weight and risk taking traits showed negative values whatever the test used in our population i.e. reactive individual weights were larger. The results of this quantitative genetic analysis suggest a potential for the development of selection programs based on coping styles that could increase seabass welfare without altering growth performances. Overall, it also contributes to a better understanding of the origin and the significance of individual behavioral differences.
Sick Sinus Syndrome in HCN1-Deficient Mice

Background— Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is a major clinically relevant disease that is associated with sudden cardiac death and requires surgical implantation of electric pacemaker devices. Frequently, SND occurs in heart failure and hypertension, conditions that lead to electric instability of the heart. Although the pathologies of acquired SND have been studied extensively, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause congenital SND. Methods and Results— Here, we show that the HCN1 protein is highly expressed in the sinoatrial node and is colocalized with HCN4, the main sinoatrial pacemaker channel isoform. To characterize the cardiac phenotype of HCN1-deficient mice, a detailed functional characterization of pacemaker mechanisms in single isolated sinoatrial node cells, explanted beating sinoatrial node preparation, telemetric in vivo electrocardiography, echocardiography, and in vivo electrophysiology was performed. On the basis of these experiments we demonstrate that mice lacking the pacemaker channel HCN1 display congenital SND characterized by bradycardia, sinus dysrhythmia, prolonged sinoatrial node recovery time, increased sinoatrial conduction time, and recurrent sinus pauses. As a consequence of SND, HCN1-deficient mice display a severely reduced cardiac output. Conclusions— We propose that HCN1 stabilizes the leading pacemaker region within the sinoatrial node and hence is crucial for stable heart rate and regular beat-to-beat variation. Furthermore, we suggest that HCN1-deficient mice may be a valuable genetic disease model for human SND.
Observer-based field-oriented adaptive control of induction motor

This paper deals with the control and observation of an induction motor using adaptive field-oriented control. Our aim is to regulate the speed and the rotor flux components to specified references. The reduced current model is used to estimate the rotor flux components. In addition, the load torque is estimated to ensure the speed tracking convergence. The simulation results show that the proposed control system is effective in the estimation and control of the induction motor rotor flux and speed.
1991 Year End Report Autonomous Planetary Rover

This report describes progress in research on an autonomous robot for planetary exploration performed during 1991 at the Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. The report summarizes the achievements during calendar year 1991, and lists personnel and publications. In addition, it includes several papers resulting from the research. Research in 1991 focused on understanding the unique capabilities of the Ambler mechanism and on autonomous walking in rough, natural terrain. We also designed a sample acquisition system, and began to configure a successor to the Ambler. Understanding Mechanism Capablities In 1991 we concluded an investigation of the interaction between the Ambler and the terrain. This work led to new stability measures, novel force redistribution models, and reactive control schemes. In order to quantify the performance of the Ambler, we measured the power consumption of the Ambler while walking, and while raising and lowering the body. We also calibrated more exactly the kinematics of the mechanism. Autonomous Walking The experimental program in walking on rough terrain continued and expanded. Highlights include the following: 0 Long-term autonomous walking over challenging terrain, including a live demona Autonomous walking outdoors, including night-time navigation. 0 Installation of all computing and electronics on-board the Ambler. stration to sponsors. Sample Acquisition In 1990 we demonstrated sampling capabilities on a testbed separate from the Ambler. In 1991 we designed a sampling system for the Ambler. It consists of a commercial manipulator, a short-range light-stripe sensor, and a storage receptacle. The arm and sensor are mounted on the horizontal link of a leg, rather than underneath a body. This design was not fabricated during 1991 for financial reasons. Configuration of a Successor to the Ambler We began to configure an integrated lander/walker for planetary exploration. This preliminary work is incomplete, and we expect this topic to be one of the central concerns for the research program in 1992.
Persistent High Incidence of Tuberculosis in Immigrants in a Low-Incidence Country

Immigration from areas of high incidence is thought to have fueled the resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in areas of low incidence. To reduce the risk of disease in low-incidence areas, the main countermeasure has been the screening of immigrants on arrival. This measure is based on the assumption of a prompt decline in the incidence of TB in immigrants during their first few years of residence in a country with low overall incidence. We have documented that this assumption is not true for 619 Somali immigrants reported in Denmark as having TB. The annual incidence of TB declined only gradually during the first 7 years of residence, from an initial 2,000 per 100,000 to 700 per 100,000. The decline was described by an exponential function with a half-time of 5.7 (95% confidence interval 4.0 to 9.7) years. This finding seriously challenges the adequacy of the customary practice of screening solely on arrival.
Human-centered attention models for video summarization

A variety of user attention models for video/audio streams have been developed for video summarization and abstraction, in order to facilitate efficient video browsing and indexing. Essentially, human brain is the end user and evaluator of multimedia content and representation, and its responses can provide meaningful guidelines for multimedia stream summarization. For example, video/audio segments that significantly activate the visual, auditory, language and working memory systems of the human brain should be considered more important than others. It should be noted that user experience studies could be useful for such evaluations, but are suboptimal in terms of their capability of accurately capturing the full-length dynamics and interactions of the brain's response. This paper presents our preliminary efforts in applying the brain imaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to quantify and model the dynamics and interactions between multimedia streams and brain response, when the human subjects are presented with the multimedia clips, in order to develop human-centered attention models that can be used to guide and facilitate more effective and efficient multimedia summarization. Our initial results are encouraging.
Structural Synaptic Plasticity Has High Memory Capacity and Can Explain Graded Amnesia, Catastrophic Forgetting, and the Spacing Effect

Although already William James and, more explicitly, Donald Hebb's theory of cell assemblies have suggested that activity-dependent rewiring of neuronal networks is the substrate of learning and memory, over the last six decades most theoretical work on memory has focused on plasticity of existing synapses in prewired networks. Research in the last decade has emphasized that structural modification of synaptic connectivity is common in the adult brain and tightly correlated with learning and memory. Here we present a parsimonious computational model for learning by structural plasticity. The basic modeling units are “potential synapses” defined as locations in the network where synapses can potentially grow to connect two neurons. This model generalizes well-known previous models for associative learning based on weight plasticity. Therefore, existing theory can be applied to analyze how many memories and how much information structural plasticity can store in a synapse. Surprisingly, we find that structural plasticity largely outperforms weight plasticity and can achieve a much higher storage capacity per synapse. The effect of structural plasticity on the structure of sparsely connected networks is quite intuitive: Structural plasticity increases the “effectual network connectivity”, that is, the network wiring that specifically supports storage and recall of the memories. Further, this model of structural plasticity produces gradients of effectual connectivity in the course of learning, thereby explaining various cognitive phenomena including graded amnesia, catastrophic forgetting, and the spacing effect.
The Electron Optical Investigation of Clays

J A Gard London: Mineralogical Society 1972 pp ix + 383 price £12.50 The importance of electron microscopy for the study of the widely occurring clay minerals arises from their generally finely divided nature and the technique has been extensively exploited over the last 30 years. This fairly comprehensive review concentrates on the analysis of crystal structure by selected area diffraction and the study of particle morphology.
Flow near the permeable boundary of an aligned fiber preform: An experimental investigation using laser doppler anemometry

The flow of fluid at the interface of an aligned fiber bed and an open flow is the governing phenomenon in a number of processes of industrial importance. Traditionally, this has been modeled by applying Brinkman's modification of Darcy's law to obtain the velocity profile in planar geometries in terms of an additional parameter called “apparent viscosity. ” to test this ad hoc approach, a detailed experimental investigation of the flow was conducted using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) in the close vicinity of the permeable boundary of aligned fiber preforms. The performs used in the experiments consisted of cylindrical fibers aligned in one direction. Two cases were investigated. In the first case, the axis of alignment was in the direction of flow and in the second case the axis of alignment was perpendicular to the flow direction. A Hele-Shaw cell is partially filled with a fibrous preform such that an open channel flow is coupled to the Darcy flow inside the fiber bed through the permeable interface of the bed. The unfilled portion of the Hele-Shaw cell acts as an ideal porous medium of known in-plane permeability, which is much higher than the permeability of the fibrous/porous bed. Modeling this flow situation using a Hele-Shaw cell is appropriate because most composite parts are long and wide in comparison with their thickness. When a viscous fluid is injected at a constant flow rate through the above arrangement, a steady state coupled flow is created. This coupling of the open flow and the Darcy flow through the fibrous bed occurs through the boundary layer zone inside the fibrous bed. Using LDA, steady state velocity profiles are accurately measured in the boundary layer zone by traversing the fibrous bed at a suitable location. For aligned fiber beds, the depth of the boundary layer zone inside the bed was found to be of the order of the mold depth, which is much larger as compared to the Brinkman's prediction. This finding indicates the presence of a length scale that is much larger than the known length scale , where K is the permeability of the bed made up of aligned cylindrical fibers. Based on this finding, the depth of the boundary layer thickness is incorporated in the Brinkman's solution through a boundary condition. This results in a model that compares well with the experimental data for the planar geometry and the fibrous beds considered here.
VMAD: A virtual machine for advanced dynamic analysis of programs

Runtime code analysis and optimization is becoming a main strategy used to face the ever extending and changing variety of processor architectures and execution environments that an application can meet. Particularly with the advent of multicore processors, efficient program optimizations, such as adaptive and speculative parallelism, require accurate and advanced runtime analyses, which inevitably incur a time overhead that has to be minimized. In this paper, we present VMAD, a virtual machine (VM) that handles x86_54 binary files, which are especially tailored at compile time to include instructions and data for code instrumentation and for the VM. VMAD enables low level profiling initiated by the programmer from the source code, through the insertion of a dedicated pragma delimiting the regions of interest. This approach provides the programmer a direct view of the actual execution behavior of the source code. To our knowledge, VMAD is the first proposal providing low-level instrumentation initiated from the source code, with almost negligible runtime overhead.
Detecting Concealed Weapons: Directions for the Future

On July 24, 1998, a man entered the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, DC, with a . 38-caliber handgun concealed under his clothing. A security check point with a portal weapons-detection system had been established at the entrance of the building. Knowing that his gun would be detected if he walked through the portal, the man stepped around it. Immediately, he was confronted by Jacob Chestnut, one of the Capitol Police officers operating the portal. The man drew his gun and killed Chestnut. He then shot and killed a second officer, John Gibson, before he was stopped.
Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy from third-party donors: characterization of donors and set up of a T-cell donor registry

Infection with and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and adenovirus (ADV) are frequent and severe complications in immunocompromised recipients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT). These serious adverse events are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) are often used to treat both viral infections and leukemia relapses after transplantation but are associated with potentially life-threatening graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Adoptive immunotherapy with virus-specific cytotoxic effector T cells (CTLs) derived from seropositive donors can rapidly reconstitute antiviral immunity after HSCT and organ transplantation. Therefore, it can effectively prevent the clinical manifestation of these viruses with no significant acute toxicity or increased risk of GvHD. In conditions, where patients receiving an allogeneic cord blood (CB) transplant or a transplant from a virus-seronegative donor and since donor blood is generally not available for solid organ recipients, allogeneic third party T-cell donors would offer an alternative option. Recent studies showed that during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilization, the functional activity of antiviral memory T cells is impaired for a long period. This finding suggests that even stem cell donors may not be the best source of T cells. Under these circumstances, partially human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched virus-specific CTLs from healthy seropositive individuals may be a promising option. Therefore, frequency assessments of virus-specific memory T cells in HLA-typed healthy donors as well as in HSCT/SOT donors using a high throughput T-cell assay were performed over a period of 4 years at Hannover Medical School. This chapter will address the relevance and potential of a third-party T-cell donor registry and will discuss its clinical implication for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.
Newer developments in the immunotherapy of malignant melanoma

Individuals with malignant melanoma present a variety of immune abnormalities including but not limited to cellular immune dysfunction, antigen presentation deficits, and cytokine production defects. Therefore, enhancing the immune system potential represents an appealing avenue for melanoma therapy. The authors review the immune therapies currently in clinical use as well as the most promising immunotherapy candidates. Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against the CTLA-4, was approved for the therapy of advanced melanoma in 2011. In addition, sizeable anti-melanoma activity has recently been shown with the use of other agents including anti-PD-1/anti-PD-1 ligand antibodies. Consequently, these experimental immunotherapy agents may soon become important items in the anti-melanoma armamentarium.
Integrins and cell-fate determination

All cellular processes are determined by adhesive interactions between cells and their local microenvironment. Integrins, which constitute one class of cell-adhesion receptor, are multifunctional proteins that link cells to the extracellular matrix and organise integrin adhesion complexes at the cell periphery. Integrin-based adhesions provide anchor points for assembling and organising the cytoskeleton and cell shape, and for orchestrating migration. Integrins also control the fate and function of cells by influencing their proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Moreover, new literature demonstrates that integrins control the cell-division axis at mitosis. This extends the influence of integrins over cell-fate decisions, as daughter cells are frequently located in new microenvironments that determine their behaviour following cell division. In this Commentary, I describe how integrins influence cell-fate determination, placing particular emphasis on their role in influencing the direction of cell division and the orientation of the mitotic spindle.
RFID-Based indoor localization using angle-of-arrival and return time

Real-time location tracking of mobile vehicles, people and items is of great significance in areas such as security, navigation and inventory control in supply chains. Most indoor location estimation methods use multiple base stations, which increases the system cost and complexity. In this work, the localization performance of ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) based system is investigated for indoor environments using the received signals' angle-of-arrival and return time information with a single base station. Preliminary results show that a single RFID reader in a 25 × 43 m area can perform location estimation with a distance error less than 2 m with 85 % probability.
Multi-core Meta-blocking for Big Linked Data

Discovering matching entities in different Knowledge Bases constitutes a core task in the Linked Data paradigm. Due to its quadratic time complexity, Entity Resolution typically scales to large datasets through blocking, which restricts comparisons to similar entities. For Big Linked Data, Meta-blocking is also needed to restructure the blocks in a way that boosts precision, while maintaining high recall. Based on blocking and Meta-blocking, JedAI Toolkit implements an end-to-end ER workflow for both relational and RDF data. However, its bottleneck is the time-consuming procedure of Meta-blocking, which iterates over all comparisons in each block. To accelerate it, we present a suite of parallelization techniques that are suitable for multi-core processors. We present 2 categories of parallelization strategies, with each one comprising 4 different approaches that are orthogonal to Meta-blocking algorithms. We perform extensive experiments over a real dataset with 3.4 million entities and 13 billion comparisons, demonstrating that our methods can process it within few minutes, achieving high speedup.
Managing Medication and Compliance: Physician–Pharmacist–Patient Interactions

Behavior characteristics of both health care practitioners and patients are discussed in terms of their effects on the delivery of care and the rational use of drugs. Three modes of behavior are described: the instrumental, the customary, and the command modes. Although most physicians follow the customary mode, an instrumental approach is recommended both for patient interactions and for drug selection. Patient education is often insufficient, and physicians tend unjustly to blame the failure of a treatment regimen on the patient's lack of compliance. An “index of risk” is presented to help spot potential drug defaulters, as are clues in the behavioral diagnosis.
Temporal analysis of a very large topically categorized Web query log

constituted the total query traffic for a 6-month period of a general-purpose commercial Web search service. Previously , query logs were studied from a single, cumulative view. In contrast, this study builds on the authors' previous work, which showed changes in popularity and uniqueness of topically categorized queries across the hours in a day. To further their analysis, they examine query traffic on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis by matching it against lists of queries that have been topically precategorized by human editors. These lists represent 13% of the query traffic. They show that query traffic from particular topical categories differs both from the query stream as a whole and from other categories. Additionally, they show that certain categories of queries trend differently over varying periods. The authors key contribution is twofold: They outline a method for studying both the static and topical properties of a very large query log over varying periods, and they identify and examine topical trends that may provide valuable insight for improving both retrieval effectiveness and efficiency.
Flexible vertical light emitting diodes.

Recently developed concepts in materials, manufacturing approaches and mechanics strategies open up opportunities for building optoelectronic systems with high performance, inorganic semiconductors in systems that afford exceptional levels of mechanical deformability (e.g., ability to bend and stretch), diversity in geometric layouts (e.g., large-area coverage, in dense or sparse coverages), and versatility in substrate choices (e.g., plastic, rubber). Each of these capa-bilities offers options in engineering design that are not easily addressed with conventional, wafer-based devices.