Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Chare Kernel Parallel Programming Language and System

A method and apparatus for installing a universal muffler in a vehicle exhaust system including resizing the length and/or diameter of the inlet and outlet tubes of a muffler, the inlet and outlet tubes being fabricated from treated steel having suitable temperature and malleability characteristics, and directly coupling these tubes to existing pipes in the vehicle exhaust system.
Exploring factors associated with readiness to change during the acquisition of motor abilities in young children with cerebral palsy

ii PREFACE . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF FIGURES. x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi GLOSSARY . xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xiv DEDICATION . xv
Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: Roles of Retinoids and Inflammatory Pathways

Abstract Endometriosis is a nonmalignant, but potentially metastatic, gynecological condition manifested by the extrauterine growth of inflammatory endometrial implants. Ten percent of reproductive-age women are affected and commonly suffer pelvic pain and/or infertility. The theories of endometriosis histogenesis remain controversial, but retrograde menstruation and metaplasia each infer mechanisms that explain the immune cell responses observed around the ectopic lesions. Recent findings from our laboratories and others suggest that retinoic acid metabolism and action are fundamentally flawed in endometriotic tissues and even generically in women with endometriosis. The focus of our ongoing research is to develop medical therapies as adjuvants or alternatives to the surgical excision of these lesions. On the basis of concepts put forward in this review, we predict that the pharmacological actions and anticipated low side-effect profiles of retinoid supplementation might provide a new treatment option for the long-term management of this chronic and debilitating gynecological disease.
Regulatory role of CD95 ligation on human B cells induced in vivo capable of spontaneous and highrate Ig secretion

CD95 ligation elicits apoptotic signals in many cell systems. This study analyzes the effect of anti‐CD95 mAb on human cells capable of spontaneous and highrate Ig secretion. Such cells have been induced in vivo and represent a highly mature B cell stage. Addition of the anti‐CD95 monoclonal antibody (mAb) CH11 to tonsil B cells inhibited 50–60% of their spontaneous Ig secretion. The effect was exerted early in the culture and could be reversed by a pre‐treatment with a neutralizing mAb. N‐acetyl‐D‐sphingosine (C2‐ceramide), although not a close analog, also reduced Ig secretion to a similar extent. The inclusion of a tetrapeptide inhibitor for certain interleukin‐1β‐converting enzyme proteases prevented the inhibitory effect of CH11 mAb on tonsil B cells. B cells capable of spontaneous Ab secretion obtained from blood of recently‐immunized volunteers were also inhibited by CH11 mAb and C2‐ceramide. In contrast, bone marrow (BM) B cells capable of spontaneous Ig secretion were unaffected by these agents. This CD95 ligation‐mediated inhibition of tonsil and blood Ig‐secreting B cells could not be reversed by cytokines with demonstrated activity on these B cells. Human mature B cells induced in vivo are identifiable as CD38hi cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that a fraction of tonsil CD38hi cells expressed low levels of CD95. Moreover, about 20% of these cells exhibited basal apoptosis, as defined by annexin V binding. This phenomenon was markedly increased by CD95 ligation. On the other hand, BM CD38hi cells showed neither CD95 expression nor CD95‐induced annexin V binding. These data suggest that CD95 ligation might play a role in the control of human humoral responses by inducing apoptosis in susceptible mature B cells.
Protein-mediated RNA folding governs sequence-specific interactions between rotavirus genome segments

Segmented RNA viruses are ubiquitous pathogens, which include influenza viruses and rotaviruses. A major challenge in understanding their assembly is the combinatorial problem of a non-random selection of a full genomic set of distinct RNAs. This process involves complex RNA-RNA and protein-RNA interactions, which are often obscured by non-specific binding at concentrations approaching in vivo assembly conditions. Here, we present direct experimental evidence of sequence-specific inter-segment interactions between rotavirus RNAs, taking place in a complex RNA- and protein-rich milieu. We show that binding of the rotavirus-encoded non-structural protein NSP2 to viral ssRNAs results in the remodeling of RNA, which is conducive to formation of stable inter-segment contacts. To identify the sites of these interactions, we have developed an RNA-RNA SELEX approach for mapping the sequences involved in inter-segment base-pairing. Our findings elucidate the molecular basis underlying inter-segment interactions in rotaviruses, paving the way for delineating similar RNA-RNA interactions that govern assembly of other segmented RNA viruses.
Remote and centralized monitoring of PV power plants

This paper presents the concept and operating principles of a low-cost and flexible monitoring system for PV plants. Compared to classical solutions which can require dedicated hardware and/or specialized data logging systems, the monitoring system we propose allows parallel monitoring of PV plants with different architectures and locations by taking advantage of the intrinsic monitoring capabilities of the inverters and their internet connectivity. The backbone of the system is a software system capable of collecting production measurements and current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curve measurements from the inverters within each PV plant. The monitoring software stores the PV measurements in a data warehouse optimized for managing and data mining large amounts of data, from where it can be later visualized, analyzed and exported. By combining PV production measurements data with I-V curve measurements the diagnostic and condition monitoring capabilities of the PV system can be greatly enhanced. The practical implementation and operation of the monitoring system is demonstrated with a study case system deployed at Aalborg University.
Ovarian Cancer: Detection and Radiologic Staging

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy. It is the deadliest, largely owing to late stage at the time of diagnosis. Ultrasound is modality of choice in the evaluation of suspected adnexal masses. Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent problem solver when an adnexal mass is indeterminate on ultrasound. Staging of ovarian cancer remains surgical, though preoperative imaging can identify inoperable patients and identify suspicious sites for intraoperative biopsy. This article reviews the use of different imaging modalities in the detection and staging of ovarian carcinoma, and discusses imaging indications, radiologic features, and the shortcomings of imaging.
Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Receptor Changes in Cerebral Cortex in Alcoholism: Effect of Cirrhosis of the Liver

Abstract: γ‐Aminobutyric acidA/benzodiazepine receptor binding sites and the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate subclass of glutamate receptor sites were assessed in synaptic plasma membrane homogenates of cerebral cortex tissue obtained at autopsy from cirrhotic and noncirrhotic alcoholic patients and matched control subjects. The alcoholic patients consumed an average of >80 g of ethanol/day, the control subjects <20 g/day. Postmortem delays up to ∼ 100 h caused no significant loss of any of the binding sites; the patient and subject groups were closely matched for age. The affinities (KD) of the receptor sites did not differ between the patient and subject groups, nor between cortical regions. Using three different radioligands ([3H]muscimol, [3H]flunitrazepam, and [3H]diazepam), the γ‐aminobutyric acidA/benzodiazepine receptor complex was found to have greater density (Bmax) in superior frontal gyrus in alcoholic patients (which selectively shows morphological change in alcoholic patients), but was unchanged in motor cortex. Alcoholic patients with cirrhosis had much less pronounced changes. The density of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate subclass of glutamate receptors, assessed with [3H]MK‐801. did not vary across patient and subject groups.
Effects of Age and Experience on Male Mate Choosiness

Mate choosiness by males has been documented in many taxa but we still do not know how it varies with age even though such variation can be important for our understanding of sexual selection on females. Theory provides conflicting predictions: young males, who are less attractive to females than older males, may be less choosy, or older males, who face fewer expected future mating opportunities, may be less choosy. In our experiments with fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), young (1-d-old) males spent relatively less time courting recently mated females than did mature (4-d-old) males. Overall, there was a gradual decline in male mate choosiness from age 1–7 d. As male age was correlated with the duration of deprivation from females, we tested for the effect of deprivation and found that same-age males previously exposed to females were choosier than female-deprived males. We also assessed key male parameters that could affect choosiness and found that, compared to mature males, young males were less attractive to females, less competitive in intramale interactions and less fertile. Although the lesser attractiveness and competitiveness should select for lesser mate choosiness in young males, their limited fertility and more expected future mating opportunities seem to override the other factors and lead to high mate choosiness in young males. Overall, our data indicate that young males just after reaching sexual maturity are choosy and that subsequent exposure to females can maintain high levels of male mate choosiness with age. Hence, males can contribute much more to sexual selection than previously appreciated.
ILP Formulations for  $p$-Cycle Design Without Candidate Cycle Enumeration

The concept of p-cycle (preconfigured protection cycle) allows fast and efficient span protection in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) mesh networks. To design p-cycles for a given network, conventional algorithms need to enumerate cycles in the network to form a candidate set, and then use an integer linear program (ILP) to find a set of p -cycles from the candidate set. Because the size of the candidate set increases exponentially with the network size, candidate cycle enumeration introduces a huge number of ILP variables and slows down the optimization process. In this paper, we focus on p-cycle design without candidate cycle enumeration. Three ILPs for solving the problem of spare capacity placement (SCP) are first formulated. They are based on recursion, flow conservation, and cycle exclusion, respectively. We show that the number of ILP variables/constraints in our cycle exclusion approach only increases linearly with the network size. Then, based on cycle exclusion, we formulate an ILP for solving the joint capacity placement (JCP) problem. Numerical results show that our ILPs are very efficient in generating p -cycle solutions.
An overview of speaker diarization: Approaches, resources and challenges

Speaker Diarization task consists of inferring “who spoke when” in an audio stream without any prior knoniedge. It is an important task in audio processing and retrieval A concise overview of speaker diarization problem and available solutions are presented in this paper. Efforts have been given to summarize different approaches and practices to speaker diarization highlighting existing resources like toolkits and standard datasets, evaluation matrices, main application areas, and associated challenges. The study can serve as the basic material to provide necessary preliminary idea on the topic Though most of the related research iniiatives have been reported in several prior studies, this study will be useful to focus on the real-time application development perspective.
Statistics of Group Delays in Multimode Fiber With Strong Mode Coupling

The modal group delays (GDs) are a key property governing the dispersion of signals propagating in a multimode fiber (MMF). An MMF is in the strong-coupling regime when the total length of the MMF is much greater than the correlation length over which local principal modes can be considered constant. In this regime, the GDs can be described as the eigenvalues of zero-trace Gaussian unitary ensemble, and the probability density function (pdf) of the GDs is the eigenvalue distribution of the ensemble. For fibers with two to seven modes, the marginal pdf of the GDs is derived analytically. For fibers with a large number of modes, this pdf is shown to approach a semicircle distribution. In the strong-coupling regime, the delay spread is proportional to the square root of the number of independent sections, or the square root of the overall fiber length.
Impact of Care Setting on Cost and Quality Under Medicaid

Medicaid claims data were used to compare the costs and care quality of ambulatory visits for two childhood illnesses, urinary tract infection (UTI) and suppurative otitis media (OM), in the fee-for-service Medicaid program in Alabama across three care settings: offices where patients had been seen before, offices where patients had not been seen before, and outpatient hospital departments. Forty percent of UTI visits and 46 percent of OM visits occurred in return office settings. Visits to outpatient hospital and first-time office settings were more expensive than those to return office settings, due to the billing of facility fees and the provision of additional services. Adherence to common measures of quality of care for both types of visits was low; 52 percent of UTI visits included urine cultures and 40 percent of OM visits included recheck visits. Adherence to these quality measures was significantly lower in visits occurring in hospital settings.
Consequences of comorbid insomnia symptoms and sleep-related breathing disorder in elderly subjects.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) and insomnia symptoms increases considerably with advancing age, but little is known about their cooccurrence and their effects on daytime functioning when present together. METHODS Older adults with (cases, n = 99) and without (controls, n = 100) symptoms of insomnia underwent 2 nights of in-laboratory polysomnography, daytime nap, and neurobehavioral testing and completed study questionnaires. Predictors of SRBD were identified (apnea-hypopnea index [indicating number of events per hour], > or =15). Participants were divided into 4 groups--with and without insomnia and with and without SRBD--and the groups were compared on measures of daytime functioning. RESULTS Cases had a lower rate of SRBD (29.3%) than controls (38.0%). Body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 30 or higher, neck circumference greater than 15.5 inches, and a history of "loud snoring" or "stops breathing, chokes, or struggles for breath" were independently predictive of SRBD in participants with insomnia symptoms. Having both insomnia symptoms and SRBD was associated with significantly lower daytime functioning and longer psychomotor reaction times compared with having neither condition. CONCLUSION Because insomnia comorbid with SRBD is associated with the greatest functional impairment, and SRBD is commonly found in the elderly population, health care providers should also consider SRBD in elderly patients with insomnia symptoms.
Adapkeys: An Adaptive Security Scheme for Network Coding

Network coding has emerged as a promising technology to increase network capacity and robustness of ubiquitous networks. However, network coding systems are vulnerable to pollution attacks. In this paper, we propose adapkeys, an adaptive security scheme in network coding allowing participating nodes to rapidly detect corrupted packets generated from pollution attackers. Our work is an innovative adaptive security scheme which use time and space properties of network coding to dynamically adjust the authentication strategy of participating nodes according to the security situation. In addition, adapkeys scheme provides an efficient packet authentication without requiring the existence of any extra secure channels. We also present security analysis and simulation of our scheme, and results demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of adapkeys.
Synthesis and integration of 2D Iron Phosphate sheets for energy storage devices

This work presents the synthesis, assembly, and integration of two-dimensional (2D) phosphate sheets Lithium-ion energy storage devices. Three achievements have been accomplished in this work: (1) synthesis and assembly of 2D, poly-crystalline phosphate sheets greater than 50μm<sup>2</sup> in area, and (2) 3× improved capacitance of an Iron-Phosphate-Polypyrrole battery/supercapacitor (3.6 mF/cm<sup>2</sup>) over bare Polypyrrole (PPY) films, and (3) 20× improved capacitance of an FePO<inf>4</inf>-Carbon Nanotube (CNT) battery/supercapacitor (20.8 mF/cm<sup>2</sup>) over bare CNT-based electrodes.
A coloring-based cluster resource allocation for ultra dense network

Ultra dense network (UDN) technology will certainly be the key to the future development of the fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication. In order to improve spectral efficiency and coordinate the downlink interference for UDN, a coloring-based cluster resource allocation (CCRA) algorithm based on the graph theory is proposed and simulated in the article. In this paper, a large-scale phantom network is considered which can largely separate control-plane and user-plane. It is effective to utilize macro eNodeBs control to allocate resources to users, and phantom nodes to transmit user data in the large-scale phantom cell. Simulation results suggest that the proposed approach not only fits in the user-oriented networks but also guarantees a better throughput and improves the spectrum efficiency in densely deployed phantom cells.
Being a Preceptor Is Stressful!

Results of a mail survey of 295 preceptors indicated preceptoring nursing students can be a stressful experience, with overwork identified as the main source of stress. Overwork resulted from unsuitability of students for the clinical area, lack of time, and insufficient feedback and guidance. The findings suggest that both students and preceptors require proper readiness assessment and preceptorship preparation. Preceptorship stress needs to be acknowledged; it can be addressed through workload adjustments and by providing feedback and support from nurse educators, peers, and managers.
Spectroscopic Analysis of the Binding Interaction Between Tinidazole and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)

The interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tinidazole (Tindamax®; 1) in aqueous solution was investigated in detail by means of UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as through resonance light‐scattering (RLS) spectroscopy. The apparent binding constant and number of binding sites were determined at three different temperatures, as well as the average binding distances between 1 and the nearest amino acid residue(s) of BSA, as analyzed by means of Förster's theory of non‐radiation energy transfer. Compound 1 was found to quench the inner fluorescence of BSA by forming a tight 1 : 1 aggregate, based on both static quenching and non‐radiation energy transfer. The entropy change upon complexation was positive, and the enthalpy change was negative, indicating that the observed spontaneous binding is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions.
What’s missing in User-centric MT?

This paper describes some of the kinds of predictable errors in Machine Translation (MT). It then discusses means of alerting end-users of MT to the possible presence of such errors, including by providing training and/or by providing automated MT ratings, MT color coding and/or symbols, and footnotes and annotation. It also discusses the need for some kind of reliability measure and/or information to the MT consumer, and the likelihood of the MT user being open to using this kind of input. Some of the suggestions made for user-centric MT are also applicable to translator-centric MT.
Immobilizer Implementation using Mutual Authentication with enhanced security using 802.15.4 protocol

Zigbee is a wireless technology that utilizes radi o communication with 802.15. 4 an IEEE standard. Presently, the widespread deployment of RFID technologies may generate new threats to security and use r privacy. One of the main drawbacks of RFID technology is the weak authentication systems between reader and a tag. In general, “weak” authentication systems that either leak the password directly over the network or lea k sufficient information while performing authentication allow i ntruders to deduce or guess the password. In this p aper, we study the Zigbee based mutual authentication scheme. A hardware implementation of the mutual authentic ation protocol for the RFID system is proposed. The propo sed system was implemented using a general purpose micro controller 89c51. The system has been successfully implemented in hardware using two zigbee transievers.
A review of the possible role of the essential fatty acids and fish oils in the aetiology, prevention or pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia

What is known and Objective: Fish oils and other essential fatty acids have been purported to ameliorate the symptoms of schizophrenia or the adverse effects of the drugs that are used to manage it. Our objective is to review the basic and clinical evidence regarding replenishment of the reported decreased levels of polyunsaturated essential fatty acids, such as the omega‐3 docosahexaenoic acid, the omega‐6 linoleic and arachidonic acids, in brains of patients with schizophrenia.
Lifetime differences and CP violation parameters of neutral B mesons at the next-to-leading order in QCD

We compute the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the off-diagonal elements of the decay-width matrix Γ entering the neutral B-meson oscillations. From this calculation the width differences ΔΓ and the CP violation parameters (q/p) of B d and B s mesons are estimated, including the complete (αs) QCD corrections and the 1/m b contributions. For the width difference ΔΓs we agree with previous results. By using the lattice determinations of the relevant hadronic matrix elements we obtain the theoretical predictions ΔΓ d /Γ d = (2.42±0.59) × 10−3 and ΔΓ s /Γ s = (7.4±2.4) × 10−2 . For the CP violation parameters, we find |(q/p) d |−1 = (2.96±0.67) × 10−4 and |(q/p) s |−1 = −(1.28±0.27) × 10−5 . These predictions are compatible with the experimental measurements which, however, suffer at present from large uncertainties.
On the generation of multivariate polynomials which are hard to factor

In this paper we consider the di(cid:14)culty of factoring multivariate polynomials F(x; y;z;:::) modulo n. We consider in particular the case in which F is a product of two randomly chosen polynomials P and Q with algebraically speci(cid:12)ed coe(cid:14)cients, and n is the product of two randomly chosen primes p and q. The general problem of factoring F is known to be at least as hard as the factorization of n, but in many restricted cases (when P or Q are known to have a particular form) the problem can be much easier. The main result of this paper is that (with one trivial exception), the problem of factoring F is at least as hard as the factorization of n whenever P and Q are randomly chosen from the same sample space, regardless of what may be known about its form.