Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Church-State Relations and the Association of Religiosity With Values: A Study of Catholics in Six Countries

Past research has shown that individual religiosity relates posi tively to valuing conformity, security, tradition, and benevolence toward close others, and negatively to valuing stimulation, self- direction, universalism, power, and achievement. These findings replicated in four different religions in five countries where church- state relations were cordial. The authors postulate that opposition between church and state modifies the associations of values with religiosity because it influences the social and psychological func tions of religiosity in society. Data from samples in six Roman Catholic countries (N = 2,274) confirmed the following hypotheses: In countries with oppositional relations between church and state during the years that preceded data gathering (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary), religiosity correlates less positively with valu ing conformity and security, more negatively with valuing power and achievement, and more positively with valuing universalism than in countries with cordial separation of church and state (Italy, Spain, Portugal).
From Aquí and Allá

Drawing upon notions of symbolic representation and transcultural repositioning, this study uses visual and critical discourse analyses to examine a multimodal photo essay created by seventh- and eighth-grade immigrant youth in an English as a New Language (ENL) class. Collectively titled “I am from aquí and allá” by the students, the photo essay was installed as a public exhibit for an Open House culminating a year-long literacy inquiry the students called “the culture project. ” Through analyses of students’ images and captions, I point to examples of symbolic convergence: the practice of bringing together the multiple sites/sights of students’ diasporic identities; offering others alternative sites/sights from which to understand them; and creating new sites/sights from which to position themselves to learn, participate, and contribute to change. The article discusses how this particular multimodal artifact suggests the need for further dialogue about the value of local, learner-centered literacy pedagogies and practice in a time of increasing commercialization and standardization of curriculum, instruction, and assessment.
Deterministic and Monte Carlo approaches for joint iterative data detection and channel estimation

This work deals with joint data detection and channel estimation for single input single output systems in presence of inter symbol interference. Therefore, deterministic methods, the Gibbs-sampler and combinations between deterministic and Monte Carlo approaches are compared. The examined methods belong to the class of block by block iterative algorithms alternating between channel estimation and data detection. It will be shown that the deterministic method might get trapped in a local maximum of the likelihood function, whereas the Monte Carlo methods theoretically almost converge to a global maximum. Based on simulation results it will be shown that a performance gain can be achieved at the expense of slower convergence speed or an increased computational effort.
Interpreting extracted rules from ensemble of trees: Application to computer-aided diagnosis of breast MRI

High predictive performance and ease of use and interpretability are important requirements for the applicability of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) to human reading studies. We propose a CAD system specifically designed to be more comprehensible to the radiologist reviewing screening breast MRI studies. Multiparametric imaging features are combined to produce a CAD system for differentiating cancerous and non-cancerous lesions. The complete system uses a rule-extraction algorithm to present lesion classification results in an easy to understand graph visualization.
Psychiatric social work in primary care: A pilot scheme in one inner-city practice

Psychiatric social workers (PSWs) in a mainstream psychiatric hospital offered a service to a small number of clients referred by two local GPs, for 12 months. Although the service was initially stylised as ‘counselling’, a wider approach seemed likely to be needed for an inner-city clientele whose needs often exceed the usual remit of psychology, counselling, psychotherapy or community nursing. As well as giving PS W students a novel training opportunity, the scheme aimed to establish which aspects of PSW practice GPs valued most, and what balance of practical versus interpersonal intervention was most helpful to clients. GPs valued the comprehensiveness of the PSWs' assessments, particularly of mental state, personal history, and problem formulation. Clients and GPs also valued the broad based nature of the interventions, which combined direct therapeutic work (support, advice, counselling, problem solving) with practical help (for finances, housing, social outlets, occupation, education). Shared burden.
Family leisure and the coming out process for LGB young people and their parents

This article examines how the coming out process for young people who identify as lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) shaped the meanings and experiences of their family leisure engagement. The data draws on a purposive sample of 20 participants (7 young people and their parents). The findings emphasize that shared family activities (media in the family home, family outings and vacations, visiting extended family members) could be altered in relation to the coming out process and cultural norms related to heterosexism and homophobia. It highlights the significant role of mothers as well as extended family members who identified as LGB (i.e. aunts, uncles) in mediating familial relationships. Issues of identity formation (i.e. LGB young person, the parent of a LGB child) and the ongoing process of acceptance are emphasized.
Family Background and Propensity to Engage in Infidelity

The current study explored how a variety of family-of-origin experiences are related to individuals’ infidelity history. A survey was completed by 294 participants and we found that parental infidelity, parental marital status, parental conflict, and parental marital satisfaction were associated with the likelihood of offspring having ever engaged in infidelity. When considered together, parent infidelity and parent satisfaction were uniquely related to offspring infidelity. Additionally, parental marital status moderated the relationship between parent infidelity and offspring infidelity, as individuals who experienced neither event were particularly unlikely to have ever engaged in infidelity. Little evidence was found that individuals’ infidelity beliefs were linked with their family-of-origin experiences or their own infidelity behavior. Results indicate that family-of-origin experiences are related to individuals’ infidelity behavior, a finding that has implications for future research as well as clinical intervention.
Vulnerability of LTE to hostile interference

LTE is well on its way to becoming the primary cellular standard, due to its performance and low cost. Over the next decade we will become dependent on LTE, which is why we must ensure it is secure and available when we need it. Unfortunately, like any wireless technology, disruption through radio jamming is possible. This paper investigates the extent to which LTE is vulnerable to intentional jamming, by analyzing the components of the LTE downlink and uplink signals. The LTE physical layer consists of several physical channels and signals, most of which are vital to the operation of the link. By taking into account the density of these physical channels and signals with respect to the entire frame, as well as the modulation and coding schemes involved, we come up with a series of vulnerability metrics in the form of jammer to signal ratios. The “weakest links” of the LTE signals are then identified, and used to establish the overall vulnerability of LTE to hostile interference.
Influenza virus NS1 protein stimulates translation of the M1 protein

The influenza virus NS1 protein was shown to stimulate translation of the M1 protein. M-CAT RNA, which contains the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene and the terminal noncoding sequence of segment 7 (coding for the M1 and M2 proteins), was ribonucleoprotein transfected into clone 76 cells expressing the influenza virus RNA polymerase and NP proteins required for the transcription and replication of influenza virus ribonucleoproteins. When the cells were superinfected with a recombinant vaccinia virus which expresses the NS1 protein, CAT expression from the M-CAT RNA was significantly stimulated but transcription was not altered. The expression of NS-CAT RNA, which contains noncoding sequences of segment 8 (coding for the NS1 and NS2 proteins), was not altered by the NS1 protein. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the sequence GGUAGAUA upstream of the initiation codon on segment 7 was required for stimulation.
The Importance of the Phagocytes' Innate Response in Resolution of the Infection Induced by a Low Virulent Candida albicans Mutant

We have reported that a Candida albicans mkc1Δ/mkc1Δ mutant, deleted in the Mkc1p mitogen‐activated protein kinase, an essential element of the cell integrity signalling pathway, has reduced virulence in a murine model of systemic infection. We analyse here the immunological basis for this feature in view of its failure to vaccinate. Firstly, the influence of the Th response was analysed by infecting different knockout mice, revealing the importance of interferon‐γ in the resolution of mkc1 systemic infection. Secondly, the role of innate immunity was studied. The infection of neutropenic mice revealed that the candidacidal activity of neutrophils is crucial during the first 3 days of infection for the mutant strain. Macrophages played a critical role in the clearance of infection. Although a similar anti‐Candida activity was found for both fungal strains with naïve macrophages, activated macrophages discriminated between both strains. In vitro experiments revealed that the mutant strain displayed a greater susceptibility to nitric oxide (NO), a reduced inhibitory effect on macrophage NO production and an increased capacity of macrophage stimulation by cell wall extracts. The importance of NO in systemic infection with the mutant strain was confirmed by the strong increase in the susceptibility of aminoguanidine (an iNOs inhibitor)‐treated mice.
[Characteristic appearance of early-stage Acanthamoeba keratitis].

PURPOSE To clarify the characteristic appearances of early-stage Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and to investigate the effects of topical steroids on those appearances. SUBJECT AND METHODS This study involved 25 eyes of 24 patients diagnosed as early-stage AK at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between October 2002 and June 2008. All patients were contact lens wearers, and 23 patients (96%) were referred from other hospitals. Clinical findings in the medical records of all patients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Radial keratoneuritis was observed in 20 of 25 eyes (80%), and pseudodendritic lesions were observed in 15 eyes (60%). Only 1 eye (4%) showed neither of these two findings. Of the 10 eyes treated with topical steroids until the first presentation at our hospital, 6 eyes manifested radial keratoneuritis and/or pseudodendritic lesions after the discontinuation of that treatment. The visual prognosis was good in both groups, with or without topical steroid treatment. CONCLUSIONS We found that radial keratoneuritis and pseudodendritic lesions are characteristic appearances of early-stage AK, and that topical steroid treatment might mask these characteristic findings.
Involvement of human glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in the conjugation of cyclophosphamide metabolites with glutathione.

Alkylating agents can be detoxified by conjugation with glutathione (GSH). One of the physiological significances of this lies in the observation that cancer cells resistant to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents have higher levels of GSH and high glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. However, little is known about the GSH-/GST-dependent biotransformation of alkylating agents, including cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide becomes cytostatic after the enzymatic formation of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. The ultimate alkylating species formed from cyclophosphamide is phosphoramide mustard. In this paper we describe the involvement of purified human glutathione S-transferases isoenzymes GST A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1 in the formation of two types of glutathionyl conjugates of cyclophosphamide, i.e., 4-glutathionylcyclophosphamide (4-GSCP) and monochloromonoglutathionylphosphoramide mustard. When 0.1 mM 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and 1 mM GSH was incubated in the presence of 10 microM GST A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1 the formation of 4-GSCP was 2-4-fold increased above the spontaneous level. Enzyme kinetic analysis demonstrated the lowest Km (0.35 mM) for GST A1-1. Km values for the other GST enzymes ranged from 1.0 to 1.9 mM. Glutathione S-transferase A1-1 (40 microM) also increased the conjugation of phosphoramide mustard and GSH (both 1 mM) 2-fold, while the other major human isoenzymes, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1, did not influence the formation of monochloromonoglutathionylphosphoramide mustard. These results indicate that only one enzyme within the class of human GST alpha enzymes was able to catalyze the reaction of the aziridinium ion of phosphoramide mustard with glutathione. Thus increased levels of GST A1-1 in tumor cells can contribute to an enhanced detoxification of phosphoramide mustard and hence to the development of drug resistance. Since all of the human GSTs tested did catalyze the formation of 4-GSCP, the role of 4-GSCP either as a transport form of activated cyclophosphamide or as a detoxification product is discussed.
The Internet and Inquiry Learning: Integrating Medium and Method in a Sixth Grade Social Studies Classroom

Abstract Social studies educators have long promoted inquiry learning as a valuable method of instruction. Specifically, research into the use of inquiry methods in the teaching and learning of history has demonstrated that this method has much to offer. Recently, the use of technological tools, including the Internet, has received attention as a means of transforming social studies instruction. This case study of a sixth grade classroom investigates the integration of the inquiry learning method and the Internet medium through the WebQuest approach. Three findings are presented and discussed: 1) students have differing perceptions of the value of Internet sources and print sources, but many find print sources preferable to Internet sources; 2) students' strategies for gathering and organizing information are initially characterized by a quest for the ‘Path-of-Least-Resistance,’ but the teacher can successfully guide students to more productive approaches; and 3) students of varying academic ability levels can conduct inquiry-oriented investigations, but they approach and perceive the value of such investigations differently.
Early increase of oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defenses in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes: a case for gender difference.

OBJECTIVE Diabetes increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) to a greater extent in women than in men. We investigated whether type 1 diabetic patients with short duration of disease and without complications have an altered oxidative status and whether there are differences between men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated oxidative status in 29 control subjects and 37 patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes with duration of 6 +/- 3 years. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, type 1 diabetic patients had lower total plasma antioxidant capacity (TRAP) (720.3 +/- 111.2 vs. 972.5 +/- 97.7 micromol/l in men, P < 0.001; 579.8 +/- 95.4 vs. 930.1 +/- 84.2 in women, P < 0.001), higher lipid hydroperoxide (ROOH) levels (6.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.7 micromol/l in men, P < 0.001; 8.1 +/- 1.9 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.6 in women, P < 0.001), higher total conjugated diene (CD) levels (0.037 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.033 +/- 0.002 A.U. in men, P < 0.001), lower 246-nm CD levels (0.0032. +/- 0.0010 vs. 0.0070 +/- 0.0012 A.U. in men, P < 0.001; 0.0022 +/- 0.0011 vs. 0.0072 +/- 0.0014 A.U. in women, P < 0.001), and higher 232-nm CD levels (0.0348 +/- 0.0041 vs. 0.0257 +/- 0.0022 A.U. in men, P < 0.001; 0.0346 +/- 0.0031 vs. 0.0246 +/- 0.0074 A.U. in women, P < 0.001). Compared with diabetic men, diabetic women had lower TRAP (P < 0.01), higher ROOH levels (P < 0.01), and lower 246-nm CD levels (P < 0.05). Plasma concentration of uric acid was significantly lower in patients with type 1 diabetes than in control subjects (3.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.2 mg/dl; P = 0.009) with a significant difference between women and men with type 1 diabetes (2.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.3, respectively; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that reduced antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress occur early after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, especially in women, and this might explain, at least in part, the increased susceptibility of diabetic women to cardiovascular complications.
Interactive comment on “ Hydrogen isotope fractionation in the photolysis of formaldehyde ” by T . S . Rhee et

The authors of this paper conducted careful experiments to measure the photolytic hydrogen isotope fractionation between CH2O and H2. They varied a range of parameters, such as actinic flux by using natural sunlight and a xenon arc lamp as light sources as well as quartz and glass reactors. They also varied the photolysis time and initial CH2O mixing ratios. The results are interpreted with the help of a box model, to account for undesired photochemistry in the reactor. The results for the initial deuterium depletion of the H2 product (alpha_m) appear to be more robust than the implied fractionation factor for the radical channel.
A Study of the Relationships between Source Code Metrics and Attractiveness in Free Software Projects

A significant number of Free Software projects has been widely used and considered successful. However, there is an even larger number of them that cannot overcome the initial step towards building an active community of users and developers. In this study, we investigated whether there are relationships between source code metrics and attractiveness, i.e., the ability of a project to attract users and developers. To verify these relationships, we analyzed 6,773 Free Software projects from the SourceForge.net repository. The results indicated that attractiveness is indeed correlated to some source code metrics. This suggests that measurable attributes of the project source code somehow affect the decision to contribute and adopt a Free Software project. The findings described in this study show that it is relevant for project leaders to monitor source code quality, most specifically a few objective metrics, since these can have a positive influence in their chances of forming a community of contributors and users around the software, enabling further enhancement in its quality.
Theory and Algorithms for Coalition Formation Among Heterogeneous Agents

Due to their inherent difficult and complexity, cooperation amongst autonomous agents is essential for successful completion of many real world tasks. Of interest is then how to best utilize a set of heterogenous agents to complete a set of tasks. One aspect of this is what is known as the coalition formation problem: How do we form teams of agents, with each team assigned to a particular task, in order to best complete the set of tasks at hand? This paper presents two distinct contributions to the field of multi-agent coalition formation. It is shown that unless P=NP an approximate solution to the coalition formation problem cannot be found in polynomial time to within a factor of O(n1− ) for any > 0. Secondly, a comparison of two evolutionary computation based heuristic algorithms for coalition formation against a market based approach RACHNA is presented. It is shown that, while RACHNA generates higher utility structures, the distributed evolutionary algorithm generates high quality solutions while requiring only a small fraction of the number of messages passed by RACHNA. In real-world multi-robot domains this lower communication complexity is desirable.
A Meaning Representation Language for Co-operative Dialogue

A meaning representation language is described which includes a typed firstorder logic with relativised quantification, using an ontology with reified events and actions. This has been developed to support the requirements of multimodal co-operative dialogue, including ambiguity, temporal and aspectual reference in natural language, reference to graphical and dialogue objects of varying complexity, explanation, and the differing approaches needed to interpret assertions, questions and commands. With the rise of intelligent front ends to databases and knowledge bases not only must the representation of the knowledge in the application be considered, but also the representation in the front end. It has become conventional (e.g. Gazdar and Mellish, 1989; Warren and Pereira, 1982) for natural language front ends to databases to translate natural language queries into a meaning representation language (MRL) which is then used to access the database. Such an MRL must be sufficiently expressive to capture the content of the natural language utterances, whilst also being computationally tractable in evaluation as an access mechanism to the database or knowledge base (Williams and Lambert, 1988). The point at issue in this case is not inferencing over expressions of the language, but evaluating them against a separate knowledge base. When the underlying application is not a database but an active knowledge base, and the user's task is not that of data retrieval but the broader one of design, the demands on the expressiveness of the MRL are increased, for this task requires not only retrieval, but also updating. Further demands are imposed when the mode of interaction is not only a constrained natural language interface using one language, but one which includes several languages as well as graphical display, direct manipulation input. In the MMI2 project, a demonstrator system has been built which designs computer networks for buildings, and interacts with users through English, French or Spanish natural languages, * The work reported in this paper was partly funded by the Commission of the European Communities under the ESPRIT programme through project grant P2474 (MMI2). The partners in the project are BIM (Belgium), Intelligent Software Solutions S.A. (Spain), SERC/Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), ADR Centre de Recherche en Informatique applique aux Sciences Sociales (France), Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne (France), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (France), University of Leeds (UK). ERCIM Knowledge Representation Workshop, Pisa ’92
Ego-Involvement and Attributions for Success and Failure in a Field Setting

To test directly cognitive and motivational explanations of self-serving biases in the field, 141 male and 116 female alpine ski racers provided attributions for their performance in competitions varying in rank on a 5-level hierarchy developed by the United States Ski Association. This hierarchy, which reflects the importance of races, functioned as a naturally-occurring manipulation of ego-involvement. Results supported the cognitive rather than the motivational explanation of divergent attributions for success versus failure. Racers made more internal attributions (to ability and effort) when they did well rather than poorly, but their ego-involvement in the race had no effects on their attributions. Consistent with previous field research, external attributions (to task difficulty and luck) were not affected by performance outcome.