Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angular momentum in human walking

SUMMARY Angular momentum is a conserved physical quantity for isolated systems where no external moments act about a body's center of mass (CM). However, in the case of legged locomotion, where the body interacts with the environment (ground reaction forces), there is no a priori reason for this relationship to hold. A key hypothesis in this paper is that angular momentum is highly regulated throughout the walking cycle about all three spatial directions [\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(|{\vec{L}}(t)|{\approx}0\) \end{document}], and therefore horizontal ground reaction forces and the center of pressure trajectory can be explained predominantly through an analysis that assumes zero net moment about the body's CM. Using a 16-segment human model and gait data for 10 study participants, we found that calculated zero-moment forces closely match experimental values (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(R_{x}^{2}=0.91\) \end{document}; \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(R_{y}^{2}=0.90\) \end{document}). Additionally, the centroidal moment pivot (point where a line parallel to the ground reaction force, passing through the CM, intersects the ground) never leaves the ground support base, highlighting how closely the body regulates angular momentum. Principal component analysis was used to examine segmental contributions to whole-body angular momentum. We found that whole-body angular momentum is small, despite substantial segmental momenta, indicating large segment-to-segment cancellations (∼95% medio-lateral, ∼70% anterior–posterior and∼ 80% vertical). Specifically, we show that adjacent leg-segment momenta are balanced in the medio-lateral direction (left foot momentum cancels right foot momentum, etc.). Further, pelvis and abdomen momenta are balanced by leg, chest and head momenta in the anterior–posterior direction, and leg momentum is balanced by upper-body momentum in the vertical direction. Finally, we discuss the determinants of gait in the context of these segment-to-segment cancellations of angular momentum.
A review on the rationale and clinical use of concomitant rosuvastatin and fenofibrate/fenofibric acid therapy

Mixed dyslipidemia, characterized by a lipid triad of elevated triglycerides (TG), elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), is a common and frequently difficult to manage condition. The use of combination medications is often needed to effectively treat the lipid triad. The co-administration of statins and fibrates may provide the desired endpoints but safety issues such as toxicity to the muscles, liver and kidneys are a concern. Given the potency of rosuvastatin to lower LDL-C and fenofibrate’s effectiveness in lowering TG, the use of this specific combination may be desirable in treating mixed dyslipidemia. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed no significant interactions with the concomitant use of rosuvastatin and fenofibrate or its active metabolite fenofibric acid. Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy demonstrate significant reductions in TG and LDL-C levels, and elevations in HDL-C. Safety data from clinical trials reveal no major adverse reactions. However, case reports of adverse events have been published and monitoring for potential adverse reactions of the individual agents is advised. Overall, current data suggest the combination of rosuvastatin and fenofibrate or fenofibric acid is a safe combination to utilize when managing difficult to treat mixed dyslipidemia patients.
An integrated modeling approach to age invariant face recognition

This Research study proposes a novel method for face recognition based on Anthropometric features that make use of an integrated approach comprising of a global and personalized models. The system is aimed to at situations where lighting, illumination, and pose variations cause problems in face recognition. A Personalized model covers the individual aging patterns while a Global model captures general aging patterns in the database. We introduced a de-aging factor that de-ages each individual in the database test and training sets. We used the k nearest neighbor approach for building a personalized model and global model. Regression analysis was applied to build the models. During the test phase, we resort to voting on different features. We used FG-Net database for checking the results of our technique and achieved 65 percent Rank 1 identification rate.
Field testing existence values for riparian ecosystems

This paper presents preliminary findings on a cash and contingent valuation (cv) experiment. The study replicates major elements of an earlier (1990) experiment, which solicited hypothetical and actual donations to benefit instream flows for Montana fisheries. Extensions of the earlier work include: repeat contacts to increase response rate, follow-up of the contingent valuation question to explore respondent certainty, and several question format treatments (payment card, as in the original study, and dichotomous choice). The sample populations are subsamples of licensed Montana resident and nonresident anglers. Dillman mailing procedures (five contacts) were used to reach potential respondents. Treatments included a replication of the 1990 payment card (PC) question format (mailed to an initial 1,250 resident and 1,250 nonresidents respectively) and a dichotomous choice (DC) format (mailed to 1,250 nonresidents). Response rates were higher for the PC compared to the DC format and for the cv treatments compared to cash. The resident and nonresident angler populations are quite different, with nonresidents tending to be older, richer, more avid and specialized anglers, and more conservation-minded. For the PC treatments, cv donation amounts averaged about double the cash (actual) donation amounts for both subsamples. In constant 2005 dollars, the PC values comparing 1990 and 2005 are similar for resident respondents.
Nursing Professional Capital: A Qualitative Analysis

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to offer qualitative support for the assertion that nurses possess professional capital. BACKGROUND: Nurses embrace professional standards and tenets that have been measured as trust and ethics. By understanding forms of capital and combining quantitative public-opinion surveys and our qualitative findings, a case can be made that nurses possess professional capital. METHOD: This was a focused review of existing interview data and was conducted using inductive content analysis. FINDINGS: Patients provided unsolicited accounts of trust and positive regard for their nurses. CONCLUSION: Evidence supports that in combination with trust and positive regard, nurses possess professional capital. Nurses should judiciously use their professional capital to impact institutional, political, and economic policy.
The cardiac z-disc protein CEFIP regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by modulating calcineurin signaling

The z-disc is a structural component at the lateral borders of the sarcomere and is important for mechanical stability and contractility of both cardiac and skeletal muscles. Of note, the sarcomeric z-disc also represents a nodal point in cardiomyocyte function and signaling. Mutations of numerous z-disc proteins are associated with cardiomyopathies and muscle diseases. To identify additional z-disc proteins that might contribute to cardiac disease, we employed an in silico screen for cardiac-enriched cDNAs. This screen yielded a previously uncharacterized protein named cardiac enriched FHL2-interacting protein (CEFIP), which exhibited a heart and skeletal muscle–specific expression profile. Importantly, CEFIP was located at the z-disc and was upregulated in several models of cardiomyopathy. We also found that CEFIP overexpression induced the fetal gene program and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Yeast two-hybrid screens revealed that CEFIP interacts with the calcineurin-binding protein four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2). Since FHL2 binds calcineurin, a phosphatase controlling hypertrophic signaling, we examined the effects of CEFIP on the calcineurin/NFAT-pathway. These experiments revealed that CEFIP overexpression further enhances calcineurin-dependent hypertrophic signal transduction, while its knockdown repressed hypertrophy and calcineurin/NFAT activity. In summary,
Decadal increase in Ningaloo Niño since the late 1990s

Ningaloo Niño refers to the episodic occurrence of anomalously warm ocean conditions along the subtropical coast of Western Australia (WA). Ningaloo Niño typically develops in austral spring, peaks in summer, and decays in autumn, and it often occurs in conjunction with La Niña conditions in the Pacific which promote poleward transport of warm tropical waters by the Leeuwin Current. Since the late 1990s, there has been a marked increase in the occurrence of Ningaloo Niño, which is likely related to the recent swing to the negative phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and enhanced El Niño–Southern Oscillation variance since 1970s. The swing to the negative IPO sustains positive heat content anomalies and initiates more frequent cyclonic wind anomalies off the WA coast so favoring enhanced poleward heat transport by the Leeuwin Current. The anthropogenically forced global warming has made it easier for natural variability to drive extreme ocean temperatures in the region.
Filling in long gap sequences by performing EOF and FDA jointly

In this paper the EOF methodology is performed jointly with the FDA approach on a spatiotemporal multivariate data set with the aim to fill in missing values as accurately as possible when long gap sequences occur. Simulated data sets, containing "artificial" gaps, are considered in order to test the performance of two proposed procedures; in the first one, observed data are reconstructed by EOF and then converted into functional ones; in the second one, observed data are transformed into functional ones and then EOF reconstruction is applied . By comparing some performance indicators computed for the two procedures, it is shown that a pre-processing of data by FDA, followed by the EOF, may result in a better reconstruction.
A Microbiome-targeting Fiber-enriched Nutritional Formula is Well Tolerated and Improves Quality of Life and Hemoglobin A1c in Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE To investigate a prebiotic fiber-enriched nutritional formula on health-related quality of life and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized 2:1:1 to a prebiotic fiber-enriched nutritional formula (Active), a placebo fiber-absent nutritional formula (Placebo), or dietary advice alone (Diet). Primary endpoint was change in core Type 2 Diabetes Distress Assessment System (cT2-DDAS) at week 12. HbA1c change was a key secondary endpoint. RESULTS 192 participants were randomized. Mean age was 54.3 years, HbA1c 7.8%, and BMI 35.9 kg/m2. At week 12, cT2-DDAS (p=0.03) was reduced significantly in Active versus control arms, and HbA1c (p=0.009) was reduced significantly in Active vs Placebo arm. CONCLUSIONS A microbiome-targeting nutritional formula significantly improved cT2-DDAS and HbA1c suggesting the potential for prebiotic fiber as a complement to lifestyle and/or pharmaceutical interventions for managing type 2 diabetes.
Research on the Origin of Eolian Clay Deposits by Means of Thermoluminescence Color Image (TLCI) and Color Image Analysis (TLCI-CIA) Using Quartz Particles

A new and TLCI (Thermoluminescence Color Image) and effective TLCI-CIA (Thermoluminescence Color Image-Color Image Analysis) method, using quartz grains to discriminate between eolian and volcanic ash deposits, is proposed in this paper. Experimental results indicate that the coloration of quartz particles can be basically divided into two typical color categories, red and blue, characterized by α-quartz in plutonic rock and β-quartz in ash, respectively.The source of the clay layers which cover a vast surface of Japan's landforms has been extensively discussed by Quaternary geologists, who have disagreed about whether they come from volcanic materials of the Japan Islands or from loess deposits transported from the inland area of China. To contribute to the discussion, we have used the TLCI method and the TL color quantitative analytical method, which divided the quartz TL coloration into three basic colors (red, blue, and green) by the Nikon LS-1000 system, which is illustrated on the CIE chromaticity diagram.Three typical kinds of samples were prepared for the TLCI-CIA experiments. The first group is from 8 standard eolian samples selected from the Japanese and Hawaiian Islands. The second and third groups are composed of 6 clay deposits and 8 volcanic ash layers which are distributed in northern Hokkaido. The TLCIs emitted by the first group of standard samples and the second group of clay deposits have been classified similarly into the three different colors 5PB, 10PB, and no-TLCI (dark color), belonging to the blue color region, on the basis of the international color manual (JIS Z 8721). Further, TLCI-CIA research has indicated that 5PB is plotted around 450-495nm and that 10PB is scattered widely in two regions, of 450-495nm and 570-600nm wavelength.The TLCIs of the third group, tephra layers, has shown a clear 7.5R red color range in the two main grain sizes of 250-590μm or 125-250μm. TLCI-CIA investigations have also shown that the 7.5R grains emitted the wavelength of 570-620nm.The preliminary TLCI investigation on the blue color region indicated that no-TLCI and 5PB quartz grains originated in different types of source rocks, such as sedimentary, metamorphic, and plutonic rocks.The experimental conclusion indicates that the majority of clay layers found in the tested area, are derived from eolian deposits originating in blue and no-TL quartz particles associated with small amounts of red-TL quartz particles; however, the tephra layers are mainly composed of red-TL quartz grains. The result also shows the availability of the TLCI-CIA method to identify the sources of deposits.
Journal Pre-proof Primary outcomes from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial

Background: There is a need for effective interventions to stave off cognitive decline in older adults. Cognitive training has variably produced gains in untrained tasks and daily functioning. Combining cognitive training with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may augment cognitive training effects; however, this approach has yet to be tested on a large-scale. Objective/Hypothesis: This paper will present the primary findings of the Augmenting Cognitive Training in Older Adults (ACT) clinical trial. We hypothesize that receiving active stimulation with cognitive training will result in greater improvements on an untrained fluid cognition composite compared to sham following intervention. Methods: 379 older adults were randomized, and 334 were included in intent-to-treat analyses for a 12-week multidomain cognitive training and tDCS intervention. Active or sham tDCS was administered at F3/F4 during cognitive training daily for two weeks then weekly for 10 weeks. To assess the tDCS effect, we fitted regression models for changes in NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Composite scores immediately following intervention and one year from baseline controlling for covariates and baseline scores. Results: Across the entire sample, there were improvements in NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Composite scores immediately post-intervention and one year following baseline; however, there were no significant tDCS group effects at either timepoint. Conclusions: The ACT study models rigorous, safe administration of a combined tDCS and cognitive training intervention in a large sample of older adults. Despite potential evidence of near-transfer effects, we failed to demonstrate an additive benefit of active stimulation. Future analyses will continue to assess the intervention’s efficacy by examining additional measures of cognition, functioning, mood, and neural markers.
Depth Model Building By Interactive Manual Tomography

Prestack depth migration needs a good velocity model to produce a good image; in fact, finding the velocity model is one of the goals of prestack depth migration. Several techniques are currently used to estimate migration velocities, ranging from trial-and-error to automatic reflection tomography. Here, a method is presented that combines aspects of some of the more accurate methods into an interactive procedure for viewing the effects of residual normal moveout corrections on migrated common reflection point (CRP) gathers. The residual corrections are performed by computing traveltimes along raypaths through both the current velocity model and the velocity model plus suggested model perturbations. The differences between those sets of traveltimes are related to differences in depth, allowing the user to preview the approximate effects of a velocity change on the CRP gathers without remigrating the data. Unlike global automatic tomography, this new method estimates shallow velocities before proceeding deeper and requires substantial user intervention, both in flattening individual CRP gathers and in deciding the appropriateness of the suggested velocity updates in individual geologic units.
microRNA expression in the biology, prognosis and therapy of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Multi-level genetic characterization of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is required to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular changes that lead to the initiation and progression of this disease. We performed microRNA-expression-profiling of bone marrow-derived CD19 + WM cells, compared to their normal cellular counterparts and validated data by qRT-PCR. We identified a WM-specific microRNA signature characterized by increased expression of microRNA- 363* /- 206 / -494 / -155 / -184/-542-3p ; and decreased expression of microRNA- 9* (ANOVA; P < 0.01). We found that microRNA-155 regulates proliferation and growth of WM cells in vitro and in vivo , by inhibiting MAPK/ERK, PI3/AKT and NF-kB pathways. Potential microRNA-155 target genes were identified using gene-expression-profiling and included genes involved in cell cycle progression, adhesion, and migration. Importantly, increased expression of the 6 miRNAs significantly correlated with a poorer outcome predicted by the International-Prognostic-Staging-System for WM. We further demonstrated that therapeutic agents commonly used in WM (rituximab/perifosine/bortezomib) alter the levels of the major miRNAs identified, by inducing down-modulation of five increased miRNAs (all but miR-206) and up-modulation of patient-downexpressed miRNA- 9* . These data indicate that microRNAs play a pivotal role in the biology of WM; represent important prognostic marker; and provide the basis for the development of new microRNA-based targeted therapies in WM. PI3/AKT and NF-kB Candidate miRNA-155 targets were identified using gene-expression-profiling and include genes involved in cell cycle progression, adhesion, and migration. To asses clinical relevance, we showed that overexpression of the 6 miRNAs significantly correlated with outcome predicted by the International-Prognostic-Staging-System for WM. We further demonstrated that therapeutic agents commonly used in WM (rituximab/perifosine/bortezomib) alter the levels of the 6 signature miRNAs identified, by inducing downmodulation of patient-overexpressed miRNAs (except miR-206) and upregulation of patient-downexpressed miRNA. These data enhance our understanding of the biological role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of WM, and provide the basis for the development of new miRNA-targeted therapeutic strategies.
Quantification of precipitation measurement discontinuity induced by wind shields on national gauges

Various combinations of wind shields and national precipitation gauges commonly used in countries of the northern hemisphere have been studied in this paper, using the combined intercomparison data collected at 14 sites during the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison Project. The results show that wind shields improve gauge catch of precipitation, particularly for snow. Shielded gauges, on average, measure 20–70% more snow than unshielded gauges. Without a doubt, the use of wind shields on precipitation gauges has introduced a significant discontinuity into precipitation records, particularly in cold and windy regions. This discontinuity is not constant and it varies with wind speed, temperature, and precipitation type. Adjustment for this discontinuity is necessary to obtain homogenous precipitation data for climate change and hydrological studies. The relation of the relative catch ratio (RCR, ratio of measurements of shielded gauge to unshielded gauge) versus wind speed and temperature has been developed for Alter and Tretyakov wind shields. Strong linear relations between measurements of shielded gauge and unshielded gauge have also been found for different precipitation types. The linear relation does not fully take into account the varying effect of wind and temperature on gauge catch. Overadjustment by the linear relation may occur at those sites with lower wind speeds, and underadjustment may occur at those stations with higher wind speeds. The RCR technique is anticipated to be more applicable in a wide range of climate conditions. The RCR technique and the linear relation have been tested at selected WMO intercomparison stations, and reasonable agreement between the adjusted amounts and the shielded gauge measurements was obtained at most of the sites. Test application of the developed methodologies to a regional or national network is therefore recommended to further evaluate their applicability in different climate conditions. Significant increase of precipitation is expected due to the adjustment particularly in high latitudes and other cold regions. This will have a meaningful impact on climate variation and change analyses.
The persistence of poverty: true state dependence or unobserved heterogeneity? Some evidence from the Italian Survey on Household Income and Wealth

Evidence from several countries is that any household experiencing poverty today is much more likely to experience it again, which may be due to both unobserved heterogeneity (UH) and true state dependence (TSD). We point out that in this context there are two sources of UH: (1) the household ability to obtain income at a specific time period and (2) the way in which this ability evolves from that time period onwards. We test for TSD using a panel from Italy. After testing for the ignorability of the massive attrition plaguing the panel and accepting it, we do not find any sign of TSD.
Spike‐like change of the vertical E × B drift in the equatorial region during very large geomagnetic storms

We investigate the characteristics of the storm‐time disturbance electric fields in the equatorial region using the measurements of the vertical ion velocity from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F13 and the first Republic of China Satellite during the selected 43 geomagnetic storms of Dst <−100 nT in 2000–2004. The distinguishing feature in both observations is the occurrence of the spike‐like vertical E × B drift during the main phase of very large storms (Dst <−150 nT). The spikes occur simultaneously at different local times but the direction of the spikes shows a dependence on the local time. The spikes are upward on the dayside and downward on the nightside. The observed characteristics of the spikes can be explained by the penetration of the dawn‐to‐dusk polar cap electric field to low latitude.