Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Impact Indicators (I3) compared with Impact Factors (IFs): An alternative research design with policy implications

In bibliometrics, the association of “impact” with central-tendency statistics is mistaken. Impacts add up, and citation curves therefore should be integrated instead of averaged. For example, the journals MIS Quarterly and Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology differ by a factor of 2 in terms of their respective impact factors (IF), but the journal with the lower IF has the higher impact. Using percentile ranks (e.g., top-1%, top-10%, etc.), an Integrated Impact Indicator (I3) can be based on integration of the citation curves, but after normalization of the citation curves to the same scale. The results across document sets can be compared as percentages of the total impact of a reference set. Total number of citations, however, should not be used instead because the shape of the citation curves is then not appreciated. I3 can be applied to any document set and any citation window. The results of the integration (summation) are fully decomposable in terms of journals or institutional units such as nations, universities, and so on because percentile ranks are determined at the paper level. In this study, we first compare I3 with IFs for the journals in two Institute for Scientific Information subject categories (“Information Science & Library Science” and “Multidisciplinary Sciences”). The library and information science set is additionally decomposed in terms of nations. Policy implications of this possible paradigm shift in citation impact analysis are specified. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypoxia Induces EMT in Low and Highly Aggressive Pancreatic Tumor Cells but Only Cells with Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics Acquire Pronounced Migratory Potential

Tumor hypoxia induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which induces invasion and metastasis, and is linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Whether EMT generates CSCs de novo, enhances migration of existing CSCs or both is unclear. We examined patient tissue of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) along with carcinomas of breast, lung, kidney, prostate and ovary. For in vitro studies, five established PDA cell lines classified as less (CSClow) and highly aggressive CSC-like cells (CSChigh) were examined by single and double immunofluorescence microscopy, wound-, transwell-, and time-lapse microscopy. HIF-1α and Slug, as well as HIF-2α and CD133 were co-expressed pointing to a putative co-existence of hypoxia, EMT and CSCs in vivo. CSChigh cells exhibited high basal expression of the mesenchymal Vimentin protein but low or absent expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, with the opposite result in CSClow cells. Hypoxia triggered altering of cell morphology from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype, which was more pronounced in CSChigh cells. Concomitantly, E-cadherin expression was reduced and expression of Vimentin, Slug, Twist2 and Zeb1 enhanced. While hypoxia caused migration in all cell lines, velocity along with the percentage of migrating, polarized and pseudopodia-forming cells was significantly higher in CSChigh cells. These data indicate that hypoxia-induced EMT occurs in PDA and several other tumor entities. However although hypoxia-induced EMT signaling occurs in all tumor cell populations, only the stem-like cells acquire high migratory potential and thus may be responsible for invasion and metastasis.
WebAnywhere: a screen reading interface for the web on any computer

Fulfilling the promise of a web-enabled global community means enabling blind web users to access their information and collaborative web services wherever they happen to be on whatever computer to which they happen to have access. Whether they're checking their email at a local internet café, using an airport kiosk to connect with a new business contact on a social networking site, or collaboratively editing a document in a hotel business center, blind web users need to stay connected to be successful. While web-enabled computers are everywhere, screen readers are installed on very few. Downloading and installing new software can take a long time and is difficult without a screen reading interface, and many will not allow users to download and install new software at all. Accessible mobile devices are prohibitively expensive. WebAnywhere is a free screen-reading web application capable of making the web accessible to blind users on any web-enabled computer or device, regardless of platform or browser used, without installing new software.
The Heart of Power: Health and Politics in the Oval Office

Preface and Acknowledgments / vii introduction / 1 1. franklin delano roosevelt The Enigmatic Angler / 21 2. harry s. truman We'll Take the Starch Out of Them Eventually / 57 3. dwight d. eisenhower Compassionate Conservative / 99 4. john f. kennedy The Charismatic with a Stricken Father / 131 5. lyndon b. johnson The Secret History of Medicare / 163 6. richard nixon A Flower That Bloomed Only in the Dark / 206 7. jimmy carter The Righteous Engineer / 248 8. ronald reagan Socialized Medicine and the Working Stiff / 283 9. george herbert walker bush Stick to the Running Game / 319 10. bill clinton Kicking the Can down the Road / 346 11. george w. bush Bring It On Reforming Medicare / 385 conclusion Eight Rules for the Heart of Power / 409 Notes / 421 Index / 471
Defining Terms for Proactive Management of Resistance to Bt Crops and Pesticides

ABSTRACT Evolution of pest resistance to pesticides is an urgent global problem with resistance recorded in at least 954 species of pests, including 546 arthropods, 218 weeds, and 190 plant pathogens. To facilitate understanding and management of resistance, we provide definitions of 50 key terms related to resistance. We confirm the broad, long-standing definition of resistance, which is a genetically based decrease in susceptibility to a pesticide, and the definition of “field-evolved resistance,” which is a genetically based decrease in susceptibility to a pesticide in a population caused by exposure to the pesticide in the field. The impact of field-evolved resistance on pest control can vary from none to severe. We define “practical resistance” as field-evolved resistance that reduces pesticide efficacy and has practical consequences for pest control. Recognizing that resistance is not “all or none” and that intermediate levels of resistance can have a continuum of effects on pest control, we describe five categories of field-evolved resistance and use them to classify 13 cases of field-evolved resistance to five Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in transgenic corn and cotton based on monitoring data from five continents for nine major pest species. We urge researchers to publish and analyze their resistance monitoring data in conjunction with data on management practices to accelerate progress in determining which actions will be most useful in response to specific data on the magnitude, distribution, and impact of resistance.
The prevalence and prognostic significance of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in severe acute hepatitis with ascites

The prevalence and prognostic significance of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were prospectively studied in a series of 82 acute hepatitis patients decompensated with ascites. The in‐hospital prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was 31.7% (26 of 82 patients). Twenty cases were culture positive, including one with multiple isolates, and six cases were culture negative. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common pathogens, accounting for 71.4% (15 of 21) of the total isolates, whereas only 9.5% were gram‐positive organisms. No significant difference in the age, sex, cause of acute hepatitis, liver biochemistry, prothrombin time and ascites fluid concentration of total protein was noted between patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and those without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, except that bacteremia was recognized significantly more frequently in the former (57.7% or 15 of 26 patients) than in the latter (25.0% or 14 of 56 patients, p < 0.005). In addition, patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, when compared with those without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, were more likely to have kidney failure (57.7% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.05) and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (53.8% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.05) and had a significantly higher mortality rate (73.1% vs. 39.3%, p > 0.01). Among patients without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the prevalence of kidney failure and gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the mortality rate in patients with bacteremia (57.1%, 64.3% and 71.4%, respectively) were significantly higher than in those without bacteremia (21.4%, 19.0% and 28.6%, respectively; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, 31.7% of severe acute hepatitis patients with ascites were recognized as having spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; the other 17.1% had bacteremia. Patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, bacteremia or both had high morbidity and mortality rates. Whether prophylactic antimicrobial therapy might be justified in patients with severe acute hepatitis awaits further study. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;15:799–803).
Toward Enabling Convenient Urban Transit through Mobile Crowdsensing

The smart cities of the future are expected to be serviced by advanced, personalized multimodal transit systems, charged with timely transport of citizens. Optimizing routes on such networks is a complex problem, in part due to the fact that simple metrics such as latency by themselves are not sufficient to find the best routes. In this paper, we focus on the problem of providing commuters with personalized routes with the most convenience. We present our mathematical model of user convenience during a multi-leg journey, and the overview of a middleware for enabling convenient transit (including ensuring acceptable network connectivity to mobile apps) by using crowdsourcing. We also report on initial insights obtained through empirical studies on network connectivity and user-perception of convenience in Delhi, India, and Paris, France.
End-to-End Encryption Based Biometric SaaS: Using Raspberry Pi as a Remote Authentication Node

Biometric systems are an integral part of physical access control systems. Biometric systems ensure that an opportunity to use a system or service is done by a valid user. These systems are used in various applications like ATMs, voting system, aadhar card, attendance management system etc. The biometric systems are in operation for a quite long time and their use is increasing. There is a need for low cost, scalable systems with high availability. In this paper a cloud based biometric system architecture is proposed, to make the system efficient and economical for remote enrollment. Authentication node is implemented on a Raspberry Pi, which is a low cost computer running on Linux. The system is capable of capturing multimodal biometric traits such as face and fingerprints and send them to cloud service by end-to-end encryption process. The proposed architecture is leveraging the power of cloud to make the system scalable and pluggable. Thus the use of Raspberry Pi makes the biometric system low cost and portable.
Development of Tolerance to Typhoid Bacterial Pyrogen and its Abolition by Reticulo-Endothelial Blockade.∗

Patients who are being given fever therapy by means of intravenous injections of typhoid vaccine exhibit a decreasing reactivity, and must be given larger and larger doses of the vaccine in order to develop similar fevers at successive treatments. After several injections some individuals may require doses as large as 250 ml of typhoid vaccine in a single day. 1 The mechanism of this remarkable tolerance has not been explained. The present report deals with a study of the phenomenon in rabbits. The rabbits used were males, of mixed breed, weighing 2 to 3 kg. During test periods they were placed in wooden stalls, and held by head boards. Rectal temperatures were taken at 30-minute intervals, through openings in the floors of the stalls. Observations were never continued for more than 7 hours after giving vaccine, to prevent undue fatigue of the animals. The vaccine used contained approximately one billion killed E. typhosa per ml. † The dose was 1 ml of a 1:8 dilution in physiologic salt solution. The agent used for blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system was colloidal thorium dioxide (Thorotrast-Heyden Co.); 9 ml was injected intravenously. The febrile responses to daily injections of the same dose of vaccine were recorded on 40 rabbits during periods of from 8 to 45 days. The first injection of vaccine always caused a rise in body temperature of 4-5°F, and some fever persisted throughout the 7-hour period of observation. The 2nd and 3rd injections generally caused almost as much fever as the first, but after that there was a decrease in reaction until the 6th to 10th day. Additional injections caused no further diminution, each one inducing approximately
Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2016: Progress and opportunities in reducing racial disparities

In this article, the American Cancer Society provides the estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths for blacks in the United States and the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, screening, and risk factors for cancer. Incidence data are from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and mortality data are from the National Center for Health Statistics. Approximately 189,910 new cases of cancer and 69,410 cancer deaths will occur among blacks in 2016. Although blacks continue to have higher cancer death rates than whites, the disparity has narrowed for all cancers combined in men and women and for lung and prostate cancers in men. In contrast, the racial gap in death rates has widened for breast cancer in women and remained level for colorectal cancer in men. The reduction in overall cancer death rates since the early 1990s translates to the avoidance of more than 300,000 deaths among blacks. In men, incidence rates from 2003 to 2012 decreased for all cancers combined (by 2.0% per year) as well as for the top 3 cancer sites (prostate, lung, and colorectal). In women, overall rates during the corresponding time period remained unchanged, reflecting increasing trends in breast cancer combined with decreasing trends in lung and colorectal cancer rates. Five‐year relative survival is lower for blacks than whites for most cancers at each stage of diagnosis. The extent to which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other factors remains an active area of research. Progress in reducing cancer death rates could be accelerated by ensuring equitable access to prevention, early detection, and high‐quality treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:290‐308. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Automatic TV logo removal using statistical based logo detection and frequency selective inpainting

This paper outlines a method for automatically removing logos characterizing a broadcast station in TV sequences. First, the logo is detected automatically based on change detection of moving videos assuming that the image content is changing over time except for the location of the logo. In order to obtain initial logo masks, difference images between frames are binarized by thresholding. The final logo mask is obtained by subsequently refining the change masks by contour relaxation based on Markov Random Fields. Then, the image signal surrounding the logo is extrapolated using a frequency selective method and placed instead of the logo. The proposed algorithm is developed for TV sequences sampled from analog television, dealing thus with real world problems as noise, sampling and real logos.
Consumption of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 reduces the duration of respiratory infections in the elderly in a randomised controlled trial

Common infectious diseases (CID) of the airways and the gastrointestinal tract are still a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly. The present study examined the beneficial effect of a dairy product containing the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 (fermented product) on the resistance of free-living elderly to CID. The study was multicentric, double blind and controlled, involving 1072 volunteers (median age = 76·0 years) randomised for consumption of either 200 g/d of fermented (n 537) or control (non-fermented) dairy product (n 535) for 3 months, followed by an additional 1 month's follow-up. The results showed that, when considering all CID, the fermented product significantly reduced the average duration per episode of CID (6·5 v. 8 d in control group; P = 0·008) and the cumulative duration of CID (7 v. 8 d in control group; P = 0·009). Reduction in both episode and cumulative durations was also significant for all upper respiratory tract infections (URTI; P < 0·001) and for rhinopharyngitis (P < 0·001). This was accompanied with an increase of L. casei species in stools throughout the fermented product consumption (2–3·8 × 107 equivalents of colony-forming unit/g of stools, P < 0·001). The cumulative number of CID (primary outcome) was not different between groups nor was the CID severity, fever, pathogens' occurrence, medication, immune blood parameters and quality of life. The fermented product was safe and well tolerated. In conclusion, consumption of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic strain L. casei DN-114 001 in elderly was associated with a decreased duration of CID in comparison with the control group, especially for URTI such as rhinopharyngitis.
Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Domestic wood burning and road traffic are the major sources of PAHs in Sweden. In Stockholm, the sum of 14 different PAHs is 100-200 ng/m(3) at the street-level site, the most abundant being phenanthrene. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) varies between 1 and 2 ng/m(3). Exposure to PAH-containing substances increases the risk of cancer in humans. The carcinogenicity of PAHs is associated with the complexity of the molecule, i.e., increasing number of benzenoid rings, and with metabolic activation to reactive diol epoxide intermediates and their subsequent covalent binding to critical targets in DNA. B[a]P is the main indicator of carcinogenic PAHs. Fluoranthene is an important volatile PAH because it occurs at high concentrations in ambient air and because it is an experimental carcinogen in certain test systems. Thus, fluoranthene is suggested as a complementary indicator to B[a]P. The most carcinogenic PAH identified, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, is also suggested as an indicator, although it occurs at very low concentrations. Quantitative cancer risk estimates of PAHs as air pollutants are very uncertain because of the lack of useful, good-quality data. According to the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, the unit risk is 9 X 10(-5) per ng/m(3) of B[a]P as indicator of the total PAH content, namely, lifetime exposure to 0.1 ng/m(3) would theoretically lead to one extra cancer case in 100,000 exposed individuals. This concentration of 0.1 ng/m(3) of B[a]P is suggested as a health-based guideline. Because the carcinogenic potency of fluoranthene has been estimated to be approximately 20 times less than that of B[a]P, a tentative guideline value of 2 ng/m(3) is suggested for fluoranthene. Other significant PAHs are phenanthrene, methylated phenanthrenes/anthracenes and pyrene (high air concentrations), and large-molecule PAHs such as dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (high carcinogenicity). Additional source-specific indicators are benzo[ghi]perylene for gasoline vehicles, retene for wood combustion, and dibenzothiophene and benzonaphthothiophene for sulfur-containing fuels.
Reduced Expression of STOP/MAP6 in Mice Leads to Cognitive Deficits

Background: STOP/MAP6 null (KO) mice recapitulate behavioral abnormalities related to positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. Here, we investigated whether decreased expression of STOP/MAP6 proteins in heterozygous mice (only one allele expressed) would result in abnormal behavior related to those displayed by STOP null mice. Methods: Using a comprehensive test battery, we investigated the behavioral phenotype of STOP heterozygous (Het) mice compared with STOP KO and wild type (WT) mice on animals raised either in standard conditions (controls) or submitted to maternal deprivation. Results: Control Het mice displayed prominent deficits in social interaction and learning, resembling KO mice. In contrast, they exhibited short-lasting locomotor hyperreactivity to acute mild stress and no impaired locomotor response to amphetamine, much like WT mice. Additionally, perinatal stress deteriorated Het mouse phenotype by exacerbating alterations related to positive symptoms such as their locomotor reactivity to acute mild stress and psychostimulant challenge. Conclusion: Results show that the dosage of susceptibility genes modulates their putative phenotypic contribution and that STOP expression has a high penetrance on cognitive abilities. Hence, STOP Het mice might be useful to investigate cognitive defects related to those observed in mental diseases and ultimately might be a valuable experimental model to evaluate preventive treatments.
Class-E2 inductive power transfer system with pre- and post-regulators

This paper proposes a class-E2 inductive power transfer (IPT) system with pre- and post-regulators. The proposed system can maintain high system efficiency against coupling-coefficient and load variations by maximum efficiency tracking. Additionally, the system size can be reduced by sharing inductors. The feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed system were investigated by circuit experiments.
Modeling Neuromorphic Persistent Firing Networks

Neurons are believed to be the brain computational engines of the brain. A recent discovery in neurophysiology reveals that interneurons can slowly integrate spiking, share the output across a coupled network of axons and respond with persistent firing even in the absence of input to the soma or dendrites, which has not been understood and could be very important for exploring the mechanism of human cognition. The conventional models are incapable of simulating the important newly-discovered phenomenon of persistent firing induced by axonal slow integration. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient model of neurons through modeling the axon as a slow leaky integrator, which captures almost all-known neural behaviors. The model controls the switching of axonal firing dynamics between passive conduction mode and persistent firing mode. The interplay between the axonal integrated potential and its multiple thresholds in axon precisely determines the persistent firing dynamics of neurons. We also present a persistent firing polychronous spiking network which exhibits asynchronous dynamics indicating that this computationally efficient model is not only bio-plausible, but also suitable for large scale spiking network simulations. The implications of this network and the analog circuit design for exploring the relationship between working memory and persistent firing enable developing a spiking network-based memory and bio-inspired computer systems.