Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMISING HEART DISEASE PREDICTION THROUGH HYPERPARAMETER TUNING

: The eighth goal of the Global Action Plan for Noncommunicable Diseases states that at least 50% of eligible people should receive medication and counselling (including blood sugar control) to prevent heart attacks and strokes. Using holistic cardiovascular risk methods to prevent heart attacks and strokes is more cost-effective than treatment decisions based solely on individual risk factor thresholds, and should be part of the universal health coverage core benefit plan. At the individual level, in order to prevent the first heart attack and stroke, individual health interventions should target individuals with high overall cardiovascular risk or individuals with individual risk factors above traditional thresholds (such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia). However, the delayed recognition and diagnosis of celiac disease can cause permanent damage to the heart. Heart failure can be life-threatening, but early treatment for heart disease can help prevent complications. This can cause heart disease, which can lead to complications and problems.Cardiovascular disease (CVD), despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To improve and optimize cardiovascular disease outcomes, AI can fundamentally change the way we approach cardiology, especially in imaging, offering us new tools for interpreting data and making clinical decisions. Artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning and deep learning can also improve medical knowledge by increasing the volume and complexity of data, providing clinically relevant information.
Deep Representation Learning of Mitochondrial Dynamics

Certain diseases, and the success of their treatment, are reflected in the structure of mitochondria within human cells. Automating the characterization of mitochondrial states may accelerate trials to find life-saving drugs. This study explores the use of deep learning tools in preliminary characterization of cell states. We attempt to model morphological changes over the time, using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to embed frames, then comparing several established methods for aggregating time information across frames. We train this deep model with a classification task to emphasize the presence of mitochondrial fission and fusion in the representation. After obtaining this representation, we embed the video in a low dimensional space to show a cohesive progression through the course of a video. This reveals structure in the frames that link to mitochondrial events, showing promise for detecting behavior shifts. Index words: [Biomedical Imaging, Deep Learning, Video Modeling, Time Series Analysis, Mitochondrial Morphology] Deep Representation Learning of Mitochondrial Dynamics
A joint meteorological, oceanographic, and sensor evaluation program for experiment S-192 on Skylab: A theory of sea scatter at large incident angles

A theory for sea scatter at large incident angles (θ ≥ 30°) is developed by using a two-scale roughness model. The small-scale waves are assumed to satisfy the small perturbation assumptions, and the large scale waves to satisfy the physical optics approximations. Measured sea surface slope density and sea spectra reported by oceanographers are incorporated into the theory to explain effects of incident angle, polarization, frequency, wind speed, and anisotropic characteristics of the sea surface. It is observed that the increase of the backscattering coefficients with the wind is due primarily to the growth of the sea spectrum and, to a lesser extent, to the interaction between the two scales of roughness. This interaction effect is also the cause of the shift of the minimum of the scattering coefficient around the crosswind direction toward the downwind direction. The difference between the upwind and crosswind observations is the result of the anisotropic characteristics in the sea spectrum generated by the difference between the upwind and crosswind slope variances. The difference between the upwind and downwind observations is the consequence of the skewness in the slope probability density function of the large-scale waves defined with respect to the plane perpendicular to the look direction. Comparison with some experimental data shows satisfactory agreement.
Analysis conditions for proteomic profiling of mammalian tissue and cell extracts with antibody microarrays

Antibody microarrays are a developing tool for global proteomic profiling. A protocol was established that permits robust analyses of protein extracts from mammalian tissues and cells rather than body fluids. The factors optimized were buffer composition for surface blocking, blocking duration, protein handling and processing, labeling parameters like type of dye, molar ratio of label versus protein, and dye removal, as well as incubation parameters such as duration, temperature, buffer, and sample agitation.
Evaluating the Consumptive Water Use of Teff in Consideration of Soil Water Movement in Central Ethiopia (THE 1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARID LAND (ICAL 1) "DESERT TECHNOLOGY X (DT X)")

Crop production in Central Ethiopia mostly depends on rainfall. Although the mean annual rainfall is adequate to grow crops, the crop production often suffers from severe drought stress resulting in unstable food security. Recently, several trials of irrigation techniques have been practiced in Ethiopia to improve the crop production systems and to save water, such as spate irrigation and consecutive irrigation reservoir system with water harvesting, etc. On the other hand, basic irrigation designing data were still limited (such as water consumption amount and crop coefficient, etc.). Especially, water consumption of teff (Eragrostis tef ), which is a staple food in Ethiopia, is not clear. Incidentally, it has been reported that it is prone to overestimate consumptive water use by Soil Moisture Depletion Method a conventional one, because it has not been able to distinguish with upward and downward water movement. For this reason, we measured soil water content and matric potential in a teff cultivation field in order to identify upward and downward of soil water movement and to determine an effective soil layer from water flow direction by using Zero Flux Method (ZFM). In this article, we proposed a method to evaluate the consumptive water use of teff in consideration of soil water movement in order to make an effective irrigation plan for water conservation. The results of this study indicated that the ZFM caused reduce 30% of the amount of irrigation water in comparison with the conventional one.
Pulling Back the Curtain: Revealing the Cumulative Importance of High-Performing, Highly Qualified Teachers on Students’ Educational Outcome

This study examines the relationship between two dominant measures of teacher quality, teacher qualification and teacher effectiveness (measured by value-added modeling), in terms of their influence on students’ short-term academic growth and long-term educational success (measured by bachelor’s degree attainment). As students are exposed to teachers of varying quality over the course of their schooling, this study computes cumulative teacher quality indices that are able to more precisely estimate the impact of teacher quality. Notably, this study found that students who had been taught by a succession of high-performing and qualified teachers tend to have a positive relationship with students’ short- and long-term educational success.
Tree Enumeration Polynomials on Separable Permutations

: Pak and Postnikov introduced a tree enumeration polynomial f G on graphs, as a multivariate generalization of Cayley’s formula, and demonstrated an amazing reciprocity property. In this paper, we prove that this tree enumeration polynomial can be factorized into linear factors for the inversion graph of separable permutations. We derive an explicit formula for this factorization and provide three proofs: one using the reciprocity theorem, one algebraic, and another one bijective. We also prove its converse: the tree enumeration polynomials for all other graphs cannot be factored into linear factors
Impacts of Phytophthora ramorum on oaks and tanoaks in Marin County, California forests since 2000

The forests of Marin County were among the first in coastal California to be affected by the Phytophthora ramorum epidemic. Although initially observed in 1994 in tanoaks (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and 1995 in coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia), it is evident from studies of disease progression that the pathogen was present at least several years prior to the first recorded tree mortality (Rizzo and Garbelotto 2003; McPherson and others 2005). The causal agent had not been identified in March 2000 when we established 20 plots in two Marin County sites, China Camp State Park, (CCSP, coast live oaks and California black oaks, Q. kelloggii) and the Marin Municipal Water District watershed (MMWD, all three species). Plots were between 320 m² and 3600 m², with a mean of 1234 (SE = 199) m². The goal of the study was to monitor disease progression (McPherson and others 2000) and, in particular, to understand the phenomenon of the abundant beetle attacks observed on bleeding trees. Plots were evaluated four times per year until March 2003, then twice annually thereafter. Through March 2008, every stem > 5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) was evaluated for signs and symptoms of sudden oak death (SOD): bleeding, beetle attacks, and the presence of the fungus Hypoxylon thouarsianum. In 2001 and 2007, we recorded the basal area for every woody species with stem DBH > 5 cm found within 0.08-ha subplots placed within the larger plots. Mortality of each of the three species has increased steadily since 2000. Calculated infection and mortality rates were similar for coast live oaks and black oaks, but considerably greater for tanoaks (table 1). Mortality not attributable to P. ramorum serves as an estimate of background mortality. The proportion of the total living trees that were symptomatic, recorded at 1-year increments, increased gradually for coast live oaks and black oaks, whereas tanoaks exhibited a rapid increase from 2000 to a peak in 2004, then declined. This decline is likely a result of decreasing numbers of live stems in these heavily impacted sites.
Anterior basolateral amygdala neurons comprise a remote fear memory engram

Introduction Threatening environmental cues often generate enduring fear memories, but how these are formed and stored remains actively investigated. Recall of a recent fear memory is thought to reflect reactivation of neurons, in multiple brain regions, activated during memory formation, indicating that anatomically distributed and interconnected neuronal ensembles comprise fear memory engrams. The extent to which anatomically specific activation-reactivation engrams persist during long-term fear memory recall, however, remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that principal neurons in the anterior basolateral amygdala (aBLA), which encode negative valence, acutely reactivate during remote fear memory recall to drive fear behavior. Methods Using adult offspring of TRAP2 and Ai14 mice, persistent tdTomato expression was used to “TRAP” aBLA neurons that underwent Fos-activation during contextual fear conditioning (electric shocks) or context only conditioning (no shocks) (n = 5/group). Three weeks later, mice were re-exposed to the same context cues for remote memory recall, then sacrificed for Fos immunohistochemistry. Results TRAPed (tdTomato +), Fos +, and reactivated (double-labeled) neuronal ensembles were larger in fear- than context-conditioned mice, with the middle sub-region and middle/caudal dorsomedial quadrants of aBLA displaying the greatest densities of all three ensemble populations. Whereas tdTomato + ensembles were dominantly glutamatergic in context and fear groups, freezing behavior during remote memory recall was not correlated with ensemble sizes in either group. Discussion We conclude that although an aBLA-inclusive fear memory engram forms and persists at a remote time point, plasticity impacting electrophysiological responses of engram neurons, not their population size, encodes fear memory and drives behavioral manifestations of long-term fear memory recall.
Hepatoprotective effects of limb ischemic post-conditioning in hepatic ischemic rat model and liver cancer patients via PI3K/ERK pathways

The most effective way of treating liver cancer is surgical resection, which usually requires blocking the hepatic portal circulation, and may result in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). It is of paramount importance to control HIRI for liver cancer surgical resection. In this study, a 70% ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of rat liver was established, and the protective effect and mechanism of limb ischemic post-conditioning (LIPOC) on HIRI was investigated. We show that LIPOC has a protective effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, which reduces the elimination of superoxide dismutase, thereby increasing oxygen free radical scavenging, decreasing lipid peroxidation, inhibiting neutrophil aggregation, as well as reducing TNFα, IL1β, and other inflammatory cytokines. In addition, LIPOC inhibited the apoptosis of hepatocytes induced by I/R injury, and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, LIPOC promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. The use of PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK1/2 blocker PD98059 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 caused by LIPOC and abolished the injury protection of liver I/R. Moreover, through 16 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma resections, we found that short-term LIPOC treatment significantly suppressed the elevated alanine aminotransferase, aspartic transaminase, and total bilirubin in the early post-operation of liver resection, and reduced reperfusion injury to the ischemic liver. In summary, our study demonstrates that LIPOC could be an effective method for HIRI in the clinical implementation of liver resection and uncovers the potential mechanism of LIPOC in the protective effects of HIRI.
The zero truncated Poisson Burr X family of distributions with properties, characterizations, applications, and validation test

The goal of this work is to introduce a new family of continuous distributions with a strong physical applications. Some statistical properties are derived, and certain useful characterizations of the proposed family of distributions are presented. Five applications are provided to illustrate the importance of the new family. A modified goodness-offit test for the new family in complete data case are investigated via two examples. We propose, as a first step, the construction of Nikulin-Rao-Robson statistic based on chi-squared fit tests for the new family in the case of complete data. The new test is based on the Nikulin-RaoRobson statistic separately proposed by [M. S. Nikulin, Theory Probab. Appl. , 18 (1974), 559–568] and [K. C. Rao, B. S. Robson, Comm. Statist. , 3 (1974), 1139–1153]. As a second step, an application to real data has been proposed to show the applicability of the proposed test.
MODELLINGABUNDANCEAND DISTRIBUTION OF SEABIRD BY-CATCH IN THE SPANISH MEDITERRANEAN LONGLINE FISHERY

—Modelling abundance and distribution of seabird by-catch in the Spanish Mediterranean longline fishery. Seabird by-catch caused by longline fisheries is the most critical global threat to seabirds, mainly tubenose petrels. The Western Mediterranean is an important fishing area where the Spanish drifting longline operates. By-catch of these fisheries includes several resident and non-resident seabird species of different conservation concern. One of the main goals of seabird conservation is to disentangle the factors determining by-catch and to identify which management and conservation actions are necessary to mitigate this problem. In this paper, we modeled the effects of surface longline and its interaction with others fisheries on seabird by-catch. We used data recorded by onboard observers of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) within the monitoring program for commercial longline fisheries from 2000 to 2009. We estimated a favourability function from logistic regression where the dependent variable was the presence or absence of seabird by-catch per set and the independent variables were those related to technical characteristics of the fishery, interactions with other fisheries, geographical location, and month. The interaction with other fisheries was estimated as the number of working and non-working days (weekend and official holidays), because the Spanish fishing legislation only allows longliners to operate in non-working days. We obtained a statistically significant favourability model with the following variables: traditional longline targeting swordfish, longline targeting albacore, number of hooks, latitude where the setting started, fisheries over continental shelf, October, and non-working days. The difference of the favourability function between working and non-working days provided a measure of the effect of non-working days on seabird by-catch. We concluded that the effects of the interaction with others fisheries on seabird by-catch are important, making non working Ardeola 57(Especial), 2010, 65-78
Online appendix to : Bayesian Estimation and Comparison of Moment Condition Models

Example 2 (Misspecified model and pseudo-true value). Let us consider the model yi = α+ ei, i = 1, . , n, with ei independently drawn from the skewed distribution P given in (2.13). We consider the following two moment conditions E [yi − α] = 0 and E [(yi − α)] = 0. This situation is different from the one illustrated in Example 1 in the paper because there are no covariates and the augmented parameter v is (incorrectly) forced to be zero. In turn, α has to satisfy both the moment restrictions, which is impossible under P . Instead, for each α the ETEL function is defined by the probability measure Q∗(α) which is the closest to the true generating process P in terms of KL divergence among the probability measures that are consistent with the given moment restrictions for a given α. In Figure 2 (left panel), we present E [log(dQ∗(α)/dP )] which is equal to −K(P ||Q∗(α)). The value that maximizes this function is different from the true value (α = 0) and it is peaked around −0.056. This value is the pseudo-true value. In the right panel of Figure 2, we present the BETEL posterior distribution of α for five different sample sizes. The BETEL posterior distribution shrinks
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Choosing not to act : neural bases of the development of intentional inhibition

Choosing not to act, or the ability to intentionally inhibit your actions lies at the core of self-control. Even though most research has focused on externally primed inhibition, an important question concerns how intentional inhibition develops. Therefore, in the present study children (aged 10–12) and adults (aged 18–26) performed the marble task, in which they had to choose between acting on and inhibiting a prepotent response, while fMRI data were collected. Intentional inhibition was associated with activation of the fronto-basal ganglia network. Activation in the subthalamic nucleus and dorsal fronto-median cortex, regions which have previously been associated with intentional inhibition, did not differ between intentional inhibition and intentional action. Even though both children and adults intentionally inhibited their actions to a similar extent, children showed more activation in the fronto-basal ganglia network during intentional inhibition, but not in the subthalamic nucleus and dorsal fronto-median cortex. Furthermore, a positive relation between self-reported impulsivity and intentional inhibition was observed. These findings have important implications for our understanding of disorders of impulsivity, such as ADHD, which are associated with poor self-control abilities. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Household Credit and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism

This paper evaluates the importance of household credit in the transmission of monetary policy and in explaining the positive correlation between money and credit services over the business cycle. It does so in the context of a general equilibrium framework of cash and household credit with two distinguishing features. There is an explicit financial sector with firms specializing in the production of credit services. Second, the financial sector also contains financial intermediaries who provide interest bearing accounts for households and loanable funds to credit producers. It is shown that monetary injections in this set-up can generate a liquidity effect which positively influences the availability of household credit services and real activity. Furthermore, the model predicts that monetary injections actually lower the real cost of consumption, thus resolving a difficulty with recent liquidity effect models. The potential quantitative importance of this monetary transmission mechanism is analyzed.
Conservation of DNA Curvature Signals in Gene Regulatory Regions

DNA curvature has been studied for more than 20 years and has been related to a broad spectrum of biological functions such as DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and recombination. Studies on the relationship between DNA curvature and transcriptional regulation have been conducted for a relatively small number of genes and discrete loci, such as Sigma-54 dependent glnAp2 and glnHp2 genes [1], and IHF and CRP regulatory proteins [5, 8]. In this work we extend the previous notions about the biological relevance of DNA curvature as an element of transcriptional regulation by evaluating the conservation of DNA static curvature signals in the regulatory regions of orthologous groups of genes in 99 eubacterial and archaeal genomes.
Distribution of Chromophore-Binding GAF Domains in Genome Sequence

GAF domains were first described for vertebrate cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases, a cyanobacterial adenylate cyclase and the bacterial formate hydrogen lyase transcription activator FhlA [1]. GAF domains consist of about 150 amino acids conserved in many signaling molecules. GAF domains (PF01590) can be identified in the Pfam database by their characteristic protein sequence signature. GAF domains of plant phytochromes represent the bilin-lyase-specific GAF subfamily [3]. The phytochromes form a major class of signal transducing photoreceptors in plants and the largest group of GAF containing proteins. Although, they were first discovered in higher plants, they are also widely distributed in bacteria. In this study, we surveyed the distribution of GAF domains in many organisms according to the hypothesis that chromophore-binding GAF domains (CB-GAF) evolved from the pool of original GAF domains that gained the function as a light receptor.