Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innervation of the Anterior Capsule of the Human Knee: Implications for Radiofrequency Ablation

Background and Objectives Chronic knee pain is common in all age groups. Some patients who fail conservative therapy benefit from radiofrequency neurotomy. Knowledge of the anatomy is critical to ensure a successful outcome. The purpose of this study was to reanalyze the innervation to the anterior knee capsule from the perspective of the interventional pain practitioner. Methods The study included a comprehensive literature review followed by dissection of 8 human knees to identify the primary capsular innervation of the anterior knee joint. Photographs and measurements were obtained for each relevant nerve branch. Stainless-steel wires were placed along the course of each primary innervation, and radiographs were obtained. Results Literature review revealed a lack of consensus on the number and origin of nerve branches innervating the anterior knee capsule. All dissections revealed the following 6 nerves: superolateral branch from the vastus lateralis, superomedial branch from the vastus medialis, middle branch from the vastus intermedius, inferolateral (recurrent) branch from the common peroneal nerve, inferomedial branch from the saphenous nerve, and a lateral articular nerve branch from the common peroneal nerve. Nerve branches showed variable proximal trajectories but constant distal points of contact with femur and tibia. The inferolateral peroneal nerve branch was found to be too close to the common peroneal nerve, making it inappropriate for radiofrequency neurotomy. Conclusions The innervation of the anterior capsule of the knee joint seems to follow a constant pattern making at least 3 of these nerves accessible to percutaneous ablation. To optimize clinical outcome, well-aligned radiographs are critical to guide lesion placement.
A method to evade microloading effect in deep reactive ion etching for anodically bonded glass-silicon structures

Due to the microloading effect, an overetch in through wafer etchings by DRIE has to be taken into account in the fabrication of glass-silicon structures, which results in damages of the silicon surfaces exposed to an ion bombardment. This paper reports on a method, in which a metal layer located on the glass surface and electrically connected with the silicon substrate is used. Even though structures are overetched for a long time, the silicon surfaces remain intact. The results show interdependency between the position of the metal layer on the glass surface and the gap separating the silicon and glass surfaces.
QCTL: A Logic for Reasoning about Inconsistent Concurrent Systems

It has been widely recognized that inconsistencies of- ten appear and are inevitable when specifying large and complex concurrent systems. In this paper, a non-classical temporal logic QCTL (quasi-classical temporal logic) is introduced, which subsumes both QCL and CTL. It is para- consistent, i.e., it can be used to reason non-trivially about system specifications containing inconsistent information. A semantics for QCTL is proposed in terms of paraKripke structures (the extended Kripke strucutres). Furthermore, a sound and complete proof system for QCTL is presented. Although the models and proof theory of QCTL are different comparing with classical logics like CTL, most natural and intuitive properties are preserved. This work bridges the gap between the specification and verification of temporal aspects and non-trivial reasoning under inconsistency.
Water sensitivity of resilient modulus of compacted unbound granular materials used as pavement base

Resilient modulus of granular materials is significantly influenced by the degree of saturation. As in northern climates pavement materials may reach saturation and as their water content may significantly vary through the yearly cycle, this water sensitivity of the unbound layers becomes a major factor to quantify. Yet, few models are available to quantify the water sensitivity of resilient modulus of typical Canadian unbound granular materials used in pavement bases. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop, through resilient modulus testing, a generalised model quantifying this water sensitivity. Six gradation curves for three aggregate sources were used to measure the resilient modulus variations with water content. Data from previous studies have also been used to develop the model. A generalised model is proposed, which introduces a new parameter describing the water sensitivity of resilient modulus, which was found to be a function of stress and granular assemblies' volumetric and frictional properties.
Differential Effects of Unilateral Lesions on Language Production in Children and Adults

We present the first direct comparison of language production in brain-injured children and adults, using age-corrected z scores for multiple lexical and grammatical measures. Spontaneous speech samples were elicited in a structured biographical interview from 38 children (5-8 years of age), 24 with congenital left-hemisphere damage (LHD) and 14 with congenital right-hemisphere damage (RHD), compared with 38 age- and gender-matched controls, 21 adults with unilateral injuries (14 LHD and 7 RHD), and 12 adult controls. Adults with LHD showed severe and contrasting profiles of impairment across all measures (including classic differences between fluent and nonfluent aphasia). Adults with RHD (and three nonaphasic adults with LHD) showed fluent but disinhibited and sometimes empty speech. None of these qualitative or quantitative deviations were observed in children with unilateral brain injury, who were in the normal range for their age on all measures. There were no significant differences between children with LHD and RHD on any measure. When LHD children were compared directly with LHD adults using age-corrected z scores, the children scored far better than their adult counterparts on structural measures. These results provide the first systematic confirmation of differential free-speech outcomes in children and adults and offer strong evidence for neural and behavioral plasticity following early brain damage.
Familial risk of oral clefts by morphological type and severity: population based cohort study of first degree relatives

Objective To estimate the relative risk of recurrence of oral cleft in first degree relatives in relation to cleft morphology. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Data from the medical birth registry of Norway linked with clinical data on virtually all cleft patients treated in Norway over a 35 year period. Participants 2.1 million children born in Norway between 1967 and 2001, 4138 of whom were treated for an oral cleft. Main outcome measure Relative risk of recurrence of isolated clefts from parent to child and between full siblings, for anatomic subgroups of clefts. Results Among first degree relatives, the relative risk of recurrence of cleft was 32 (95% confidence interval 24.6 to 40.3) for any cleft lip and 56 (37.2 to 84.8) for cleft palate only (P difference=0.02). The risk of clefts among children of affected mothers and affected fathers was similar. Risks of recurrence were also similar for parent-offspring and sibling-sibling pairs. The “crossover” risk between any cleft lip and cleft palate only was 3.0 (1.3 to 6.7). The severity of the primary case was unrelated to the risk of recurrence. Conclusions The stronger family recurrence of cleft palate only suggests a larger genetic component for cleft palate only than for any cleft lip. The weaker risk of crossover between the two types of cleft indicates relatively distinct causes. The similarity of mother-offspring, father-offspring, and sibling-sibling risks is consistent with genetic risk that works chiefly through fetal genes. Anatomical severity does not affect the recurrence risk in first degree relatives, which argues against a multifactorial threshold model of causation.
Chronic Shift-Lag Alters the Circadian Clock of NK Cells and Promotes Lung Cancer Growth in Rats

Prolonged subjection to unstable work or lighting schedules, particularly in rotating shift-workers, is associated with an increased risk of immune-related diseases, including several cancers. Consequences of chronic circadian disruption may also extend to the innate immune system to promote cancer growth, as NK cell function is modulated by circadian mechanisms and plays a key role in lysis of tumor cells. To determine if NK cell function is disrupted by a model of human shift-work and jet-lag, Fischer (344) rats were exposed to either a standard 12:12 light-dark cycle or a chronic shift-lag paradigm consisting of 10 repeated 6-h photic advances occurring every 2 d, followed by 5–7 d of constant darkness. This model resulted in considerable circadian disruption, as assessed by circadian running-wheel activity. NK cells were enriched from control and shifted animals, and gene, protein, and cytolytic activity assays were performed. Chronic shift-lag altered the circadian expression of clock genes, Per2 and Bmal1, and cytolytic factors, perforin and granzyme B, as well as the cytokine, IFN-γ. These alterations were correlated with suppressed circadian expression of NK cytolytic activity. Further, chronic shift-lag attenuated NK cell cytolytic activity under stimulated in vivo conditions, and promoted lung tumor growth following i.v. injection of MADB106 tumor cells. Together, these findings suggest chronic circadian disruption promotes tumor growth by altering the circadian rhythms of NK cell function.
Orbital Cellulitis

a layer of’ fascia separating the orbit from the eyelids. Orbital cellulitis is less common than periorbital cellulitis and is characterized clinically by varying degrees of proptosis, linritation of extraocuiar movements. chemosis, and diminished visual acuity. ’ Serious systetrrie and ocrrlar complications may develop as a consequence of infection. These include orbital, subperiostea) or brain abscesses, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, optic neuritis, and loss of vision. 1.2 2
GraphMP: An Efficient Semi-External-Memory Big Graph Processing System on a Single Machine

Recent studies showed that single-machine graph processing systems can be as highly competitive as clusterbased approaches on large-scale problems. While several out-of-core graph processing systems and computation models have been proposed, the high disk I/O overhead could significantly reduce performance in many practical cases. In this paper, we propose GraphMP to tackle big graph analytics on a single machine. GraphMP achieves low disk I/O overhead with three techniques. First, we design a vertex-centric sliding window (VSW) computation model to avoid reading and writing vertices on disk. Second, we propose a selective scheduling method to skip loading and processing unnecessary edge shards on disk. Third, we use a compressed edge cache mechanism to fully utilize the available memory of a machine to reduce the amount of disk accesses for edges. Extensive evaluations have shown that GraphMP could outperform state-of-the-art systems such as GraphChi, X-Stream and GridGraph by 31.6x, 54.5x and 23.1x respectively, when running popular graph applications on a billion-vertex graph.
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic A modified limited-memory BNS method for unconstrained minimization based on the conjugate directions idea

A modification of the limited-memory variable metric BNS method for large scale unconstrained optimization is proposed, which consist in corrections (derived from the idea of conjugate directions) of the used difference vectors for better satisfaction of previous quasiNewton conditions. In comparison with [16], where a similar approach is used, correction vectors from more previous iterations can be applied here. For quadratic objective functions, the improvement of convergence is the best one in some sense, all stored corrected difference vectors are conjugate and the quasi-Newton conditions with these vectors are satisfied. Global convergence of the algorithm is established for convex sufficiently smooth functions. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the new method.
Optimizing Template for Lookup-Table Inverse Halftoning using Elitist Genetic Algorithm

A template optimization method based on elitist genetic algorithm was proposed for lookup-table inverse halftoning. A mathematical model with constraint conditions was built to describe the template optimization problem. We solved this optimization problem by using elitist genetic algorithm and designed the details about encoding and decoding scheme, selection and reproduce, crossover, mutation, elitist strategy and fitness function according to the proposed optimization model. In experiments, we demonstrated the performance on Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, Jarvis-Judice error diffusion, cluster dither, Bayer disperse dither and dot diffusion halftone images. According to our experiment study, our method approaches to the optimal result closer than the greedy algorithm and simulated annealing do. We suggested L = 10 on cluster dither images but L = 5 on other four kinds of halftone images.
A New Identification Method for Mechatronic Systems in closed-loop from only Control Data

Abstract The identification of the dynamic parameters of robot is based on the use of the inverse dynamic model which is linear with respect to the parameters. This model is sampled while the robot is tracking trajectories which excite the system dynamics in order to get an over determined linear system. The linear least squares solution of this system calculates the estimated parameters. The efficiency of this method has been proved through the experimental identification of a lot of prototypes and industrial robots. However, this method needs joint torque and position measurements and the estimation of the joint velocities and accelerations through the pass band filtering of the joint position at high sample rate. The new method needs only torque data at a low sample rate. It is based on a closed loop simulation which integrates the direct dynamic model. The optimal parameters minimize the 2 norm of the error between the actual torque and the simulated torque assuming the same control law and the same tracking trajectory. This non linear least squares problem is dramatically simplified using the inverse model to calculate the derivatives of the cost function.
Angiotensin II Stimulates Calcium and Nitric Oxide Release From Macula Densa Cells Through AT 1 Receptors

A fluorescent nitric oxide (NO) indicator, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate, and the calcium indicator, indo-1, with 488 nm and 364 nm UV confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to detect NO and calcium concentration in rabbit macula densa (MD) cells challenged by angiotensin II (Ang II). Glomeruli with attached thick ascending limbs with the MD plaque were isolated and perfused. Ang II concentration from 10 9 to 10 5 progressively increased MD cell calcium and NO to peak values at 10 6 and 10 , respectively. Ang II (10 6 M) caused the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca ]i) to increase by 125.8 16.3 nM (n 17) from the bath and by 52.3 11.5 nM (n 18) from the lumen. AT1 antagonist CV-11974 (10 6 M) blocked the Ang II-induced calcium responses from bath and lumen, but AT2 antagonist PD-123319 (10 6 M) did not. AT2 agonist CGP-42112A (10 6 M) did not affect [Ca ]i in MD cells from either side. Ang II (10 6 M) increased the NO production by 16% 3.4% (n 26) from the bath and by 18% 3.1% (n 24) from the lumen. CV-11974 (10 6 M) blocked the NO responses from both sides, but PD-123319 (10 6 M) did not on either side. CGP-42112A (10 6 M) had no effect on NO in MD cells. In calcium-free experiments there was no difference from the result in normal calcium solutions. In conclusion, we found that Ang II increased [Ca ]i and stimulated NO production in MD cells from the basolateral and luminal sides through AT1 receptors. (Hypertension. 2004;43:649-653.)
Heterogeneous deformation model for 3D shape and motion recovery from multi-viewpoint images

This work presents a framework for dynamic 3D shape and motion reconstruction from multiviewpoint images using a deformable mesh model. By deforming a mesh at a frame to that at the next frame, we can obtain both 3D shape and motion of the object simultaneously. The deformation process of our mesh model is heterogeneous. Each vertex changes its deformation process according to its 1) photometric property (i.e., if it has prominent texture or not), and 2) physical property (i.e., if it is an element of rigid part of the object or not). This heterogeneous deformation model enables us to reconstruct the object which consists of different kinds of materials or parts with different motion models, e.g., rigidly acting body parts and deforming soft clothes or its skins, by a single and unified computational framework.
The Year of the Elephant

Based on historical interpretations of the Sūrat al-Fīl, the 105th Meccan Sura of the Qur’an, an epidemic occurred near Mecca circa 570 CE (Common Era), the Year of the Elephant in Islamic history. The five verses of the Sura are thought to be an allegorical description of the “Elephant War epidemic”, so named because invading Axumite (Ethiopian) forces from present-day Yemen included one or more war elephants. The elephants refused to enter the city, causing the Axumites to halt the attack. Interpreted literally, divine intervention then defeated the invaders by sending a flock of birds (ababil) that dropped pellets—a possible allusion to pustules—onto the Axumites, maiming and killing them, and ending the siege of the city. Early historians interpreted the Sura as allegorical for either a smallpox or measles epidemic; available descriptions favor smallpox. The residents of Mecca were spared. Descriptions of the birds and use of the term ababil for birds are consistent with barn swallows (Hirundo rustica, subspecies rustica), which collect clay pellets to make nests. They are attracted to flies following domestic animals. We consider the zoonotic origins, geographical distributions and clinical presentations of two types of smallpox virus, and propose that the epidemic was due to Variola major. Since the prophet Muhammad was born in 570 CE, the events played a critical role in the birth of Islam. Editor's note: The peer reviews of this article are focused on the hypothesis that an epidemic such as by smallpox could have explained a failed invasion of Mecca that is described in the Qur’an. A full review of the accuracy of other historical hypotheses is beyond the scope of the journal.
Membrane curvature induced by Arf1-GTP is essential for vesicle formation

The GTPase Arf1 is considered as a molecular switch that regulates binding and release of coat proteins that polymerize on membranes to form transport vesicles. Here, we show that Arf1-GTP induces positive membrane curvature and find that the small GTPase can dimerize dependent on GTP. Investigating a possible link between Arf dimerization and curvature formation, we isolated an Arf1 mutant that cannot dimerize. Although it was capable of exerting the classical role of Arf1 as a coat receptor, it could not mediate the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi-membranes and was lethal when expressed in yeast. Strikingly, this mutant was not able to deform membranes, suggesting that GTP-induced dimerization of Arf1 is a critical step inducing membrane curvature during the formation of coated vesicles.
Rabeprazole combined with hydrotalcite is effective for patients with bile reflux gastritis after cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND Regardless of surgical technique, patients who have undergone cholecystectomy appear to be predisposed to the development of bile reflux gastritis. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of rabeprazole and hydrotalcite in patients with bile reflux gastritis after cholecystectomy. METHODS Postcholecystectomy patients with bile reflux gastritis confirmed by endoscopy and 24 h gastric bilirubin monitoring were randomly assigned to one of four eight-week treatments: observation (group A), rabeprazole alone (group B), hydrotalcite alone (group C) and rabeprazole in combination with hydrotalcite (group D). Endoscopy and 24 h gastric bilirubin monitoring were repeated in all patients after treatment. Dyspeptic symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, bitter taste, endoscopic and histological finding, and biliary reflux were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS After administering medication, patient symptoms in groups B, C and D were relieved - most significantly in group D (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in endoscopic hyperemia and histological inflammation among the groups (P>0.05). However, histological activity, the number of reflux episodes and the number of reflux episodes lasting longer than 5 min were significantly decreased only in group D (P<0.05). The total per cent of bilirubin absorption (value of 0.14 units or greater) time was decreased in groups B, C and D, and most significantly in group D (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Rabeprazole combined with hydrotalcite is an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of patients with bile reflux gastritis after cholecystectomy.
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics Manuscript Draft Title: on Diagonally Structured Problems in Unconstrained Optimization Using an Inexact Super Halley Method on Diagonally Structured Problems in Unconstrained Optimization Using an Inexact Super Halle

We consider solving the unconstrained minimization problem using an iterative method derived from the third order Super Halley method. The Super Halley method requires solution of two linear systems of equations. We show a practical implementation using an iterative method to solve the linear systems. This paper introduces an array of arrays (jagged) data structure for storing the second and third derivative of a multivariate function and suitable termination criteria for the (inner) iterative method to achieve a cubic rate of convergence. Using a jagged compressed diagonal storage of the Hessian matrices and for the tensor, numerical results show that storing the diagonals are more efficient than the row or column oriented approach when we use an iterative method for solving the linear systems of equations.
The metal-non-metal transition in nickel sulphide (NiS)

Abstract Hexagonal nickel sulphide shows a transition at 260 K from an antiferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state which is accompanied by an abrupt change in the conductivity. It is suggested that this is not a Neel temperature, that is a destruction of long-range order, but a first-order disappearance of the moments, and that it occurs because of the screening out of the Hubbard intra-atomic electron-electron interaction by the electrons in the sulphur 3p band. It is also shown that the low temperature phase is probably a semimetal.