Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Accurate Are Patients at Diagnosing the Cause of Their Knee Pain With the Help of a Web-based Symptom Checker?

Background: Researching medical information is the third most popular activity online, and there are a variety of web-based symptom checker programs available. Purpose: This study evaluated a patient’s ability to self-diagnose their knee pain from a list of possible diagnoses supplied by an accurate symptom checker. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: All patients older than 18 years who presented to the office of 7 different fellowship-trained sports medicine surgeons over an 8-month period with a complaint of knee pain were asked to participate. A web-based symptom checker for knee pain was used; the program has a reported accuracy of 89%. The symptom checker generates a list of potential diagnoses after patients enter symptoms and links each diagnosis to informative content. After exploring the informative content, patients selected all diagnoses they felt could explain their symptoms. Each patient was later examined by a physician who was blinded to the differential generated by the program as well as the patient-selected diagnoses. A blinded third party compared the diagnoses generated by the program with those selected by the patient as well as the diagnoses determined by the physician. The level of matching between the patient-selected diagnoses and the physician’s diagnoses determined the patient’s ability to correctly diagnose their knee pain. Results: There were 163 male and 165 female patients, with a mean age of 48 years (range, 18-76 years). The program generated a mean 6.6 diagnoses (range, 2-15) per patient. Each patient had a mean 1.7 physician diagnoses (range, 1-4). Patients selected a mean 2 diagnoses (range, 1-9). The patient-selected diagnosis matched the physician’s diagnosis 58% of the time. Conclusion: With the aid of an accurate symptom checker, patients were able to correctly identify the cause of their knee pain 58% of the time.
Do human lumbar discs reconstitute after chemonucleolysis? A 7-year follow-up study.

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective, longitudinal study of 51 patients, covering a mean follow-up period of 81 months. OBJECTIVE To observe the long-term temporal course of the height of human lumbar discs after chemonucleolysis. To document whether human lumbar discs reconstitute, thus characterizing the healing potential of central disc tissue. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although reconstitution of disc height within some months of chemonucleolysis has been observed in animal experiments, human lumbar discs have shown no tendency to regain their initial height within 1 year of treatment. To date, there has been no report on longer follow-up periods. The different reactions of animal and human discs may be dose-related or related to differences in tissue properties, physiologic environment or in vivo loading conditions. METHODS Using a new protocol, the heights of lumbar discs were measured from sets of lateral radiographic views of 51 patients subject to chemonucleolysis by treatment with chymopapain (doses of 4000 or 3000 picokatals [pkat]). The sets comprised a view taken before treatment, a view taken (on average) 4 months after treatment, and a view taken (on average) 81 months after treatment. In the majority of patients, untreated discs adjacent to discs treated with chemonucleolysis served as control discs. RESULTS Shortly after injection of chymopapain, all treated discs decreased in height. The height decrease of treated discs amounted to 15.8% on average. In the subcohort treated with 4000 pkat, the loss did not reverse during the entire follow-up period; in the subcohort treated with 3000 pkat a small fraction of the lost height was regained. Untreated neighboring control discs showed a minor (3.4%) decrease in height. CONCLUSIONS Human lumbar discs do not reconstitute after chemonucleolysis. Because the long-term temporal course of disc height in patients is in disagreement with observations from animal experiments, caution is suggested when generalizing results from animal studies to humans.
Holography of D-brane Reconnection December 2006

Gukov, Martinec, Moore and Strominger found that the D1-D5-D5′ system with the D5-D5′ angle at 45 degrees admits a deformation ρ preserving supersymmetry. Under this deformation, the D5-branes and D5’-branes reconnect along a single special Lagrangian manifold. We construct the near-horizon limit of this brane setup (for which no supergravity solution is currently known), imposing the requisite symmetries perturbatively in the deformation ρ. Reducing to the three-dimensional effective gauged supergravity, we compute the scalar potential and verify the presence of a deformation with the expected properties. We compute the conformal dimensions as functions of ρ. This spectrum naturally organizes into N = 3 supermultiplets, corresponding to the 3/16 preserved by the brane system. We give some remarks on the symmetric orbifold CFT for QD5 = QD5′ , outline the computation of ρ-deformed correlators in this theory, and probe computations in our ρ-deformed background. December 2006 Marcus.Berg@aei.mpg. de O.Hohm@phys.uu. nl Henning.Samtleben@ens-lyon.fr
On the insertion of n-powers

In algebraic terms, the insertion of $n$-powers in words may be modelled at the language level by considering the pseudovariety of ordered monoids defined by the inequality $1\le x^n$. We compare this pseudovariety with several other natural pseudovarieties of ordered monoids and of monoids associated with the Burnside pseudovariety of groups defined by the identity $x^n=1$. In particular, we are interested in determining the pseudovariety of monoids that it generates, which can be viewed as the problem of determining the Boolean closure of the class of regular languages closed under $n$-power insertions. We exhibit a simple upper bound and show that it satisfies all pseudoidentities which are provable from $1\le x^n$ in which both sides are regular elements with respect to the upper bound.
Strigolactones Improve Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Alleviate Oxidative Stress under Salinity in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by Regulating Gene Expression

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a very important edible oil crop in the world, and the production is inhibited by abiotic stresses, such as salinity. Plant hormones can alleviate the stress by regulating the physiological processes and gene expression. To study the plant responses to salinity in combination with GR24, a synthesized strigolactone, the oilseed rape variety (Zhongshuang 11) replications were grown in the pots in a controlled growth chamber under three levels of salinity (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and 0.18 μM GR24 treatments at the seedling stage for 7 days. The results showed that salinity depressed the shoots and roots growth, whereas GR24 improved the growth under salt stress. Leaf chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate) were also reduced significantly with increasing salinity, and these effects could be partially reversed by GR24 application. Additionally, GR24 treatment significantly increased and decreased the photosystem II quantum yield and non-photochemical quenching, respectively, under salinity stress conditions. The activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased, and lipid peroxidation measured by the level of malondialdehyde reduced due to GR24 application. The transcriptome analysis of root and shoot was conducted. Three hundred and forty-two common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after GR24 treatment and 166 special DEGs after GR24 treatment under salinity stress were identified in root and shoot. The DEGs in root were significantly more than that in shoot. Quantitative PCR validated that the stress alleviation was mainly related to the gene expression of tryptophan metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis.
Relacao entre desempenho em uma habilidad ritmica e experiencias motoras previas em individuos idosos

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar em individuos idosos a correlacao entre tempo de pratica anterior em atividades motoras globais e desempenho em uma tarefa ritmica, envolvendo memoria e coordenacao motora. Para identificar as atividades e quantificar a pratica previa foi aplicado um inventario do envolvimento regular em atividades motoras globais nos cinco anos anteriores. A tarefa motora consistia de uma sequencia de movimentos globais realizados em sincronia com um ritmo musical. O numero estimado de horas de pratica foi correlacionado com o nivel de desempenho na tarefa motora. Os resultados indicaram correlacao estatisticamente significante entre tempo de pratica e desempenho motor. Tal associacao foi encontrada especificamente para os componentes da tarefa ritmica indicadores de coordenacao, mas nao para os componentes indicadores de memoria. Esses resultados sugerem que o declinio motor de individuos idosos pode ser amenizado com a pratica regular de atividades envolvendo acoes motoras globais.
[Monitoring of uncooperative, polytraumatized patients with tibial shaft fractures for acute compartment syndrome].

BACKGROUND The results of intracompartmental pressure monitoring were assessed in uncooperative, polytraumatized patients with tibial shaft fractures. METHODS The study included 29 tibial fractures of 26 polytraumatized patients (9 females, 17 males; mean age 36 years; range 15 to 75 years) admitted to the intensive care unit. The fractures were on the right side in eight patients, on the left in 15 patients. Three patients had bilateral involvement. All the patients were unconscious. Following trauma, absolute compartment pressures and ΔP (diastolic blood pressure - absolute compartment pressure) were monitored at 12-hour intervals for 72 hours via the intracompartmental pressure monitoring system. Patients whose ΔP values were 30 mmHg or below underwent fasciotomy. The mean follow-up period was 21.2 months (range 18 to 25 months). RESULTS The overall mean absolute compartment pressure was 30.25 mmHg, and the mean ΔP was 48.47 mmHg at the end of 72 hours. Fasciotomy was performed in two patients (7%) in whom a diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome was made depending on ΔP values less than 30 mmHg. None of the patients had complications associated with acute compartment syndrome. Union was achieved in all the patients without an additional intervention. The mean time to union was 5.21 months (range 3 to 9 months). CONCLUSION Intracompartmental pressure monitoring should be considered for an early diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome in uncooperative, polytraumatized patients with tibial shaft fractures.
Aggressive disruptive students in restricted educational placements: Moderated influence of placement history on adolescent outcomes

Students who enter school displaying aggressive-disruptive behavior frequently also have cooccurring learning difficulties that significantly interfere with their academic and social adjustment. In order to meet these children’s needs and also prevent their disruptive behavior from detracting from other children’s educational experiences, these children are frequently educated in restricted settings outside of mainstream classrooms. Previous studies of the effectiveness of this practice suggest that restricted placements have a limited to iatrogenic effect, but the validity of these results is questionable because prior studies have significant methodological short-comings. The present study uses a large sample size and casual inference methodology to address the most problematic methodological shortcomings observed in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term impact of placing children with aggressive-disruptive behavior into restricted placements and to further examine the characteristics of students who experience different educational placement histories. The moderating effects of the severity of aggression and learning problems, as well as placement timing (elementary, secondary, and sustained placements) were examined. Students in restricted placements were found to have broad arrays of risk factors across multiple domains. Causal modeling using propensity scores indicated that secondary, but not elementary, restricted placements resulted in increased high-school dropout, depressive symptoms, and conduct problems. The iatrogenic impact of secondary placement was more pronounced for students with greater academic ability. Implications for educating behaviorally at-risk students and future directions for research are discussed.
Autocatalytic Sets and the Origin of Life

The origin of life is one of the most fundamental, but also one of the most difficult problems in science. Despite differences between various proposed scenarios, one common element seems to be the emergence of an autocatalytic set or cycle at some stage. However, there is still disagreement as to how likely it is that such self-sustaining sets could arise “spontaneously”. This disagreement is largely caused by the lack of formal models. Here, we briefly review some of the criticism against and evidence in favor of autocatalytic sets, and then make a case for their plausibility based on a formal framework that was introduced and studied in our previous work.
Vaccinated with a MAGE-3 Protein Frequencies in Melanoma Patients Monitoring of Anti-Vaccine CD4 T Cell

and Pierre van der BruggenMarchand, Kris Thielemans, Thomas Wolfel, Thierry Boon Javier Carrasco, Alexander M. M. Eggermont, MarieNicolina Renkvist, Vincent Stroobant, Jurgen Corthals, Yi Zhang, Zhaojun Sun, Hugues Nicolay, Ralf G. Meyer,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/4/2404J Immunol€2005; 174:2404-2411; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/4/2404.full#ref-list-1This article cites 24 articles, 15 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Effect of helping under normative pressure on self-perceived altruism.

An experiment was conducted to determine whether helping under normative pressure might reduce self-perceived altruism. We reasoned that individuals who help when the norm of reciprocity dictates that they should, i.e., when the person helped has previously helped them, may perceive this norm to be a source of extrinsic pressure that, to some extent, compelled them to help. And if they do, they should be less likely to attribute their decision to help to their own intrinsic altruism. To test this logic, subjects either did or did not receive prior help from another undergraduate; they were then either induced to offer help to the other or were not asked to help. In addition, helpers were provided with consensus information about whether other people agreed to help, for it was thought that helpers might still attribute their helpfulness to personal altruism if their helping was relatively unique. As expected, subjects who agreed to help when the norm of reciprocity specified that they should (i.e., after they had been helped) perceived themselves as less altruistic than subjects who agreed to help when the norm of reciprocity did not apply. Moreover, this effect was qualified by the consensus manipulation. Only helpers informed that others not under normative pressure also helped perceived themselves as less altruistic than those not asked to help.
Hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup: opportunities and challenges for Qatar

The paper is concerned with the role of sports events and their significance for tourism. It presents an empirical case study of the Gulf State of Qatar and its hosting of the 2022 football World Cup. Such sports events are recognised as a tourism resource with the power to attract large numbers of visitors and enhance destination image thereby justifying a place in tourism development and economic diversification strategies. They serve additional purposes related to national branding and foreign relations as Qatar is actively seeking greater engagement with the international community. The country is investing heavily in its sports infrastructure, events programme and tourism in pursuit of favourable returns including social benefits for citizens. Success is not guaranteed and there may be undesirable outcomes from event hosting. The distinctive qualities of the place and prevailing conditions shape official motivations and give rise to opportunities, but also challenges in implementing ambitious plans and achieving objectives. Insights are thus afforded into the underlying agendas, practice and repercussions of sports events tourism as their reach is extended into the Middle East through Qatar's preparations for the 2022 Federation Internationale de Football Association World Cup.
Mathematical modeling of complex contagion on clustered networks

The spreading of behavior, such as the adoption of a new innovation, is influenced bythe structure of social networks that interconnect the population. In the experiments of Centola (Science, 2010), adoption of new behavior was shown to spread further and faster across clustered-lattice networks than across corresponding random networks. This implies that the “complex contagion” effects of social reinforcement are important in such diffusion, in contrast to “simple” contagion models of disease-spread which predict that epidemics would grow more efficiently on random networks than on clustered networks. To accurately model complex contagion on clustered networks remains a challenge because the usual assumptions (e.g. of mean-field theory) regarding tree-like networks are invalidated by the presence of triangles in the network; the triangles are, however, crucial to the social reinforcement mechanism, which posits an increased probability of a person adopting behavior that has been adopted by two or more neighbors. In this paper we modify the analytical approach that was introduced by Hebert-Dufresne et al. (Phys. Rev. E, 2010), to study disease-spread on clustered networks. We show how the approximation method can be adapted to a complex contagion model, and confirm the accuracy of the method with numerical simulations. The analytical results of the model enable us to quantify the level of social reinforcement that is required to observe—as in Centola’s experiments—faster diffusion on clustered topologies than on random networks.
Towards Autonomic Service Control in Next Generation Networks

Current standardization efforts aim towards a unifying platform for fixed and mobile telecommunication services. The IP multimedia subsystem is advocated as the candidate for building next generation networks (NGNs). However the direction taken in standardization is towards a rather static architecture with centralized features. The downside is an expected increase in service management complexity and the need for highly specialized infrastructures. This paper presents an approach for improving service quality, scalability and reliability while facilitating service management towards self-managing next generation networks. To approach this we utilize and combine functionality available in the network using a Peer-to-Peer based service composition mechanism. The construction of composed services is based on a service chain principle and incorporates information about available services, QoS and applicable SLAs.
EasyTrace: An easily-deployable light-weight IP traceback on an AS-level overlay network

IP traceback can be used to find the origins and paths of attacking traffic. However, so far, no Internet-level IP traceback system has ever been deployed because of deployment difficulties. In this paper, we present an easily-deployable light-weight IP traceback based on flow (EasyTrace). In EasyTrace, it is not necessary to deploy any dedicated traceback software and hardware at routers, and an AS-level overlay network is built for incremental deployment. We theoretically analyze the quantitative relation among the probability that a flow is successfully traced back various AS-level hop number, independently sampling probability, and the number of packets that the flow comprises.
Results of the 2014 SRS Survey on PJK/PJF: A Report on Variation of Select SRS Member Practice Patterns, Treatment Indications, and Opinions on Classification Development

Study Design. An electronic survey administered to Scoliosis Research Society membership. Objective. To characterize surgeon views regarding proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF) management providing the framework in which a PJK/PJF classification system and treatment guidelines could be established. Summary of Background Data. PJK/PJF are common complications of adult spinal deformity surgery. To date, there is no consensus on PJK/PJF definitions, classification, and indications for revision surgery. There is a paucity of data on deformity surgeon practice pattern variations and consensus opinion on treatment and prevention. Methods. An electronic 19-question survey regarding PJK/PJF was administered to members of the Scoliosis Research Society who treat adult spinal deformity. Determinants included the surgeons' type of practice, number of years in practice, agreement with given PJK/PJF definitions, importance of key factors influencing prevention and revision, prevention methods currently used, and the importance of developing a classification system. Results. A total of 226 surgeons responded (38.8% response rate). Both 44.4% of surgeons selected “extremely important” and 40.8% selected “very important” that PJK in adult spinal deformity surgery is a very important issue and that a Scoliosis Research Society PJK/PJF classification system and guidelines for detection and prevention of PJK/PJF is a “must have” (18.1%) and “very likely helpful” (31.9%). Both 86.2% and 90.7% of surgeons agreed with the provided definitions of PJK and PJF, respectively. Top 5 revision indications included neurological deficit, severe focal pain, translation or subluxation fracture, a change in kyphosis angle of greater than 30°, chance fracture, spondylolisthesis greater than 6 mm, and instrumentation prominence. The majority of respondents use a PJK/PJF prevention strategy 60% of the time or more, the most common were terminal rod contour, preoperative bone mineral density testing, and frequent radiographical studies during first 3 months postoperative, preoperative bone mineral density medication for low bone mineral density. Conclusion. The results of this study provide insight from the practicing surgeons' perspective of the management of PJK and PJF that may aid in the validation of current definitions and consensus-based treatment decisions and prevention guidelines. Level of Evidence: 5
The Role of Textualisation and Argumentation in Understanding the Machine Learning Process

Understanding data, models and predictions is im-portant for machine learning applications. Due to the limitations of our spatial perception and intuition, analysing high-dimensional data is inherently difﬁcult. Furthermore, black-box models achieving high predictive accuracy are widely used, yet the logic behind their predictions is often opaque. Use of textualisation – a natural language narrative of selected phenomena – can tackle these shortcom-ings. When extended with argumentation theory we could envisage machine learning models and predictions arguing persuasively for their choices.