Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of domesticated water chestnuts (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) and genetic variation in wild water chestnuts

Abstract The water chestnut Trapa bispinosa Roxb. has been domesticated in China and has been reported as the only domesticated species of this genus. To understand the origin of T. bispinosa and its evolution pathway, we compared the genetic similarity and seed morphology of domesticated water chestnut T. bispinosa with three wild species T. natans, T. incisa, and T. japonica along with archeological seed samples from the Tianluoshan site (approximately 7000–6300 cal BP) in China. The largest seed size was observed only in the domesticated species, whereas other wild species showed smaller size including T. natans L. genetically close to the domesticated type, and T. incisa was the smallest in size. The volumes of the seed capsule and endosperm were measured using X ray CT scans, showing the ratios of total volumes between T. bispinosa and wild species ranged from 4.2 to 4.5. The ratios of endosperm volume ranged from 3.3 to 3.7. Both measurements showed domesticated species have larger seed volume. Genome size was indirectly estimated by flow cytometry. Domesticated species with larger seed size was estimated as diploid, as were the wild species except for tetraploid species T. japonica. Domesticated species clearly showed the largest edible organs, but it was not a result of ploidy level changes. Maternal lineages traced using complete whole chloroplast sequences, suggested that T. natans is the closest to T. bispinosa, both of which are close to T. japonica. The result was confirmed by PCR genotyping with chloroplast insertion/deletion (cpINDEL) markers developed in the study. T. incisa showed distinct plastid types within the species, and T. japonica showed a unique plastid genotype. Our study concludes the largest volumes for the edible endosperm have been accomplished through nearly 6000 years of artificial selection, but the domestication did not involve ploidy level changes.
Family opinions on resuscitation and participation in end-of-life care in the emergency department: A cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: The study looked into emergency department family members’ (FMs) views on being present during resuscitation and contributing to end-of-life care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 467 FM volunteers of mildly injured or ill patients was conducted at a research hospital between October 2021 and May 2022. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered by a clinical psychologist. The analysis employed SPSS 22.0 with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. The study was conducted according to the STROBE criteria. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean FMs’ age was 34.3 ± 10.43; 64.2% were male, 62.1% were married, and 76.9% had nuclear families. About 61% wanted the option of being present during resuscitation, with 47.5% desiring participation in both resuscitation and end-of-life care. Significant differences were observed in opinions based on education, work status, and resuscitation training (P = 0.015, P = 0.001, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Many FMs sought the choice to be present during resuscitation, and nearly half preferred participation in both resuscitation and end-of-life care.
The blessing and curse of “no strings attached”: An automated literature analysis of psychological health and non-attachmental work in the digitalization era

Amidst tremendous changes in the worlds of work in light of digitalization, non-attachmental work designs, where individuals gain income without being bound by a fixed administrative attachment to an employer, hold promises of self-actualization along with threats of insecurity. Today’s technology boom and the consequent flexibility and uncertainty it brings into workers’ lives may translate into inspiring growth opportunities or overloading pressure, contingent upon mental health and wellbeing impacts. This paper first provides a conceptualization of the non-attachmental work designs of the 21st century, before proceeding to an extensive mapping of literature at their intersection with psychological health. This involves a machine-learning-driven review of 1094 scientific articles using topic modeling, combined with in-depth manual content analyses and inductive-deductive cycles of pattern discovery and category building. The resulting scholarly blueprint reveals several tendencies, including a prevalence of positive psychology concepts in research on work designs with high levels of autonomy and control, contrasted with narratives of disempowerment in service- and task-based work. We note that some psychological health issues are researched with respect to specific work designs but not others, for instance neurodiversity and the role of gender in ownership-based work, self-image and digital addiction in content-based work, and ratings-induced anxiety in platform-mediated task-based work. We also find a heavy representation of ‘heroic’ entrepreneurs, quantitative methods, and western contexts in addition to a surprising dearth of analyses on the roles of policy and technological interventions. The results are positioned to guide academics, decision-makers, technologists, and workers in the pursuit of healthier work designs for a more sustainable future.
Carinal sleeve resections

Carinal resections are frequently performed for carinal tumors. Resection of the carina due to distal tracheal tumors may be required, and the extension of main bronchial tumors to the carina may lead to carinal resection. This is one of the rarely performed operations in thoracic surgery, which is technically challenging and has a high complication rate. In the early series, perioperative mortality rate was reported as 29% and the five-year survival rate as 15%. Due to its technical difficulties and high complication rates, it is performed only in certain centers. In this review, we discuss techniques related to carinal sleeve resection and prognostic factors in the light of literature data.
Study protocol for leaving care—A comparison study of implementation, change mechanisms and effectiveness of transition services for youth

Introduction Youth placed in out-of-home care is a large and highly vulnerable group at high risk of negative developmental outcomes. Given the size and extent of negative developmental outcomes for youth placed in out-of-home care, interventions to help this vulnerable group navigate successfully towards independent living and promote wellbeing across a spectrum of outcome areas are needed. To date, there is a lack of such interventions, particularly in Sweden. Importing interventions from other societies and cultures is associated with difficulties. The aim of the research project is to implement, test, and evaluate interventions that have been recently developed in Swedish practice to close this gap. Methods The project has an ambitious and complex data collection and analysis strategy using qualitative, quantitative, and multiple information methods (hybrid effectiveness-implementation study) over the course of two years. Both the implementation and effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated. The recently developed My Choice-My Way! leaving care program for youth aged 15+ will be the primary focus of the project and will be compared to usual services. Conclusions The project has the potential to offer novel insights into how society can promote wellbeing across a spectrum of outcome areas for the high-risk group of youth transitioning from out-of-home care to independent living. As such, the project will have important implications for both research and practice. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05813197.
Research status of east Asian traditional medicine treatment for chronic cough: A scoping review

Background When patients continue to experience cough despite conventional treatment, East Asian traditional medicine (EATM) including herbal medicine and/or acupuncture has been frequently used. Previous systematic reviews of EATM treatment for chronic cough have been conducted mainly on herbal medicine, targeting patients with conditions that cause cough. In clinical practice, EATM interventions are not limited to herbal medicine, and considering that chronic cough is often caused by two or more conditions or unspecific causes, a comprehensive investigation is clinically relevant. We examined the current research status of EATM for chronic cough. Methods Based on Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodological framework, a total of six English, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese electronic databases were searched on August 2022. Any clinical studies on EATM targeting chronic cough patients (regardless of their cause) were included. Results Among 474 included studies, the study designs were mainly randomized controlled trials (72.4%), and the population was evenly distributed between children and adults. The cause of cough was not reported in most studies (56.1%). The common cause of cough was upper airway cough syndrome and post-respiratory infection (9.5%, each), followed by mixed cause (7.6%), nonspecific cause (5.9%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (4.0%). EATM was conducted for a mean of 19.1 days, and herbal medicine was the most common (80.6%). Conventional medication was frequently used as a control (81.2%). For outcomes, the total effective rate was the most frequently utilized (94.3%), followed by cough severity (53.8%). EATM treatment showed positive outcomes in most studies. Conclusions In future EATM studies, it is necessary to either specify the cause of chronic cough or to report that the study was targeting nonspecific chronic cough. In addition, high-quality studies assessing the efficacy of EATM with placebo control treatment should be conducted, using validated evaluation tools.
Therapeutic potential of luteolin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/modified magnesium hydroxide microsphere in functional thermosensitive hydrogel for treating neuropathic pain

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating condition stemming from damage to the somatosensory system frequently caused by nerve injuries or lesions. While existing treatments are widely employed, they often lead to side effects and lack specificity. This study aimed to alleviate NP by developing an innovative sustained-release thermosensitive hydrogel system. The system incorporates hyaluronic acid (HA)/Pluronic F127 injectable hydrogel and bupivacaine (Bup, B) in combination with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid; PLGA)/modified magnesium hydroxide (MH)/luteolin (Lut; PML) microspheres (PML@B/Gel). The PML@B/Gel was designed for localized and prolonged co-delivery of Bup and Lut as an anesthetic and anti-inflammatory agent, respectively. Our studies demonstrated that PML@B/Gel had exceptional biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In addition, it exhibited efficient pain relief in in vitro cellular assays. Moreover, this functional hydrogel showed substantial sustained drug release while diminishing microglial activation. Consequently, it effectively mitigated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in in vivo rat models of chronic constriction injury (CCI). Based on our research findings, PML@B/Gel emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for the protracted treatment of NP.
What is your count? An observational study of lymph node counting in 2,028 colorectal cancer resections

Background Lymph node status and lymph node count (LNC) are predictors of colorectal cancer outcome. Under-sampling of lymph nodes may lead to clinically relevant stage migration. Methods Colorectal cancer (CRC) cases with a synoptic report, accessioned 2012–2020 at a regional laboratory, were extracted and retrospectively studied. LNC, positive lymph node count (PLNC), tumour deposits present (TDpos), and ‘y’ (staging) prefix (YS) were retrieved and tabulated by pathologist using custom software. Statistical analyses were done with R. Data and results The cohort had 2,543 CRC resections. Seventeen pathologists interpreted >50 cases (range: 56–356) each and collectively saw 2,074. After cases with unavailable data were purged, 2,028 cases remained with 43,996 lymph nodes, of which 2,637/43,996 were positive. 368 cases had a ‘y’ prefix, and 379 had TDpos. The 17 pathologists’ median LNC/case was 19.0 (range: 14.0–24.0), and the mean PLNC per case was 1.4 (range: 1.0–2.0). Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests showed there were differences in LNC (p<0.001) among pathologists; however, PLNC did not show this association (p = 0.2917). T-tests showed that mean LNC (p<0.001) and PLNC (p<0.035) differed between YS. 138 of 2,028 cases had less than the 12 LNC target. Logistic regression revealed a strong association between meeting the LNC target and pathologist (p<0.001) but TDpos was non-predictive (p = 0.4736). Conclusions Positive lymph node call rate has a good consistency in the laboratory; however, lymph node count varies significantly between pathologists. Standardized counting criteria are needed to improve uniformity and could be aided by synoptic reporting data.
Transcriptomic profiles of Mannheimia haemolytica planktonic and biofilm associated cells

Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal agent contributing to bovine respiratory disease and can form biofilms with increased resistance to antibiotic treatment and host immune defenses. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying M. haemolytica biofilm formation, transcriptomic analyses were performed with mRNAs sequenced from planktonic and biofilm cultures of pathogenic serotypes 1 (St 1; strain D153) and St 6 (strain D174), and St 2 (strain D35). The three M. haemolytica serotypes were cultured in two different media, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 and brain heart infusion (BHI) to form the biofilms. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the functions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in biofilm associated cells were not significantly affected by the two media. A total of 476 to 662 DEGs were identified between biofilm associated cells and planktonic cells cultured under BHI medium. Functional analysis of the DEGs indicated that those genes were significantly enriched in translation and many biosynthetic processes. There were 234 DEGs identified in St 1 and 6, but not in St 2. The functions of the DEGs included structural constituents of ribosomes, transmembrane proton transportation, proton channels, and proton-transporting ATP synthase. Potentially, some of the DEGs identified in this study provide insight into the design of new M. haemolytica vaccine candidates.
Adherence to Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Among Pregnant Women From Northern Ghana

Iron and folic Acid (IFA) supplementation is an effective intervention for reducing the incidence of anaemia during pregnancy. The WHO recommends at least 6 months intake of IFA to pregnant women. However, in Ghana some women experience challenges with adhering to IFA supplementation. The main objective of the study was to assess the level of adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation and its associated factors among pregnant women in a peri-urban municipality in Northern Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2021 among 400 pregnant women who attended ANC in Sagnarigu municipality in Ghana and were selected through a 3-stage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, univariate and binary logistic regression statistical tools. Self-reported level of adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation was 84.5%. Knowledge of iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR = 0.08: 021, 0.343) was associated with adherence. Three other factors: time of first antenatal visit (AOR = 0.32: 0.153, 0.649) having history of anaemia [AOR = 2.67: 1.373, 5.201] having side effects of IFA [AOR = 3.70, CI: (1.756, 7.793)], and having knowledge of management of side effects of iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR = 0.08: 021, 0.343) were found to be significantly associated with adherence. Adherence to iron and folic supplementation among the pregnant women was generally frequent. Strategies to increase iron and folic acid supplementation adherence among pregnant women could focus on encouraging pregnant women to have early ANC visits and educating them on how to manage side effects.
Mineralogy, geochemistry, and depositional environment of the Beduh Shale (Lower Triassic), Northern Thrust Zone, Iraq

Integrated mineralogical and geochemical methods are utilized to investigate the provenance, paleoweathering, and depositional setting of shale from the Lower Triassic Beduh Formation in the Northern Thrust Zone, Iraq. The ~64-m-thick Beduh Formation consists of calcareous shale and marl intercalations with thin calcareous sandstone interbeds. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that clay minerals comprise illite, kaolinite, and chlorite, with a minor mixed layer of illite/smectite and illite/chlorite. Calcite and quartz are the main nonclay species with subordinate amounts of feldspar and hematite. The mineralogical and geochemical parameters of the shale (e.g., high content of illite and moderate illite crystallinity index, Al2O3/TiO2, Th/Co, Cr/Th, and LREE/HREE ratios) indicate that they were derived from felsic and intermediate components. This is supported by the enrichment of LREEs, negative Eu anomaly, and depletion of HREEs. The discriminant function-based major element diagrams indicated that the origin of sediments was probably from passive (the Arabian Shield and the Rutba Uplift) and active (volcanic activity) tectonic environments. The source of sediments for the Beduh Formation was likely the Rutba Uplift and/or the plutonic-metamorphic complexes of the Arabian Shield located to the southwest of the basin. Paleoweathering indices such as the chemical index of alteration and chemical index of weathering, as well as the A-CN-K (Al2O3-CaO+Na2O-K2O) diagram of the shale of the Beduh Formation suggest that the source terrain was moderately to intensely chemically weathered. The Cu/Zn, U/Th, Ni/Co, and V/Cr ratios and negative Eu anomaly indicate the deposition of sediments under an oxygen-rich environment.
The self‐secondary crater population of the Hokusai crater on Mercury

Whether or not self‐secondaries dominate small crater populations on continuous ejecta deposits and floors of fresh impact craters has long been a controversy. This issue potentially affects the age determination technique using crater statistics. Here the self‐secondary crater population on the continuous ejecta deposits of the Hokusai crater on Mercury is unambiguously recognized. Superposition relationships show that this population was emplaced after both the ballistic sedimentation of excavation flows and the subsequent veneering of impact melt, but it predated the settlement and solidification of melt pools on the crater floor. Fragments that formed self‐secondaries were launched via impact spallation with large angles. Complex craters on the Moon, Mercury, and Mars probably all have formed self‐secondaries populations. Dating young craters using crater statistics on their continuous ejecta deposits can be misleading. Impact melt pools are less affected by self‐secondaries. Overprint by subsequent crater populations with time reduces the predominance of self‐secondaries.
A cholesterol-binding bacterial toxin provides a strategy for identifying a specific Scap inhibitor that blocks lipid synthesis in animal cells

Significance Abnormal elevation of lipid synthesis underlies many human diseases, including fatty liver disease and certain cancers. Normal control of lipid synthesis is orchestrated by Scap, a cholesterol-binding membrane protein that regulates activation of SREBPs, transcription factors that upregulate genes for the synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. To reduce lipid synthesis, we sought to develop a specific inhibitor of Scap. Using an unconventional screening strategy based on the striking similarities between Scap and a cholesterol-binding bacterial toxin, we identified a small molecule, called UT-59, that binds to Scap’s cholesterol-binding site, thereby blocking SREBP activation and halting lipid synthesis. UT-59 and other compounds identified using this approach are promising leads to develop therapies for fatty liver and certain cancers.
New Directions in Infection-Associated Ischemic Stroke

The relationship between infections and stroke has not been fully characterized, probably delaying the development of specific treatments. This narrative review addresses mechanisms of stroke linked to infections, including hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction, vasculitis, and impaired thrombolysis. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, may promote the development of stroke, which may represent its most severe neurological complication. The development of specific therapies for infection-associated stroke remains a profound challenge. Perhaps the most important remaining issue is the distinction between infections that trigger a stroke versus infections that are truly incidental. This distinction likely requires the establishment of appropriate biomarkers, candidates of which are elevated levels of fibrin D-dimer and anticardiolipin/antiphospholipid antibodies. These candidate biomarkers might have potential use in identifying pathogenic infections preceding stroke, which is a precursor to establishing specific therapies for this syndrome.
Differential role of fusiform gyrus coupling in depressive and anxiety symptoms during emotion perception

Abstract Anxiety and depression co-occur; the neural substrates of shared and unique components of these symptoms are not understood. Given emotional alterations in internalizing disorders, we hypothesized that function of regions associated with emotion processing/regulation, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala and fusiform gyrus (FG), would differentiate these symptoms. Forty-three adults with depression completed an emotional functional magnetic resonance imaging task and the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales. We transformed these scales to examine two orthogonal components, one representing internalizing symptom severity and the other the type of internalizing symptoms (anxiety vs depression). We extracted blood oxygen level dependent signal from FG subregions, ACC, and amygdala and performed generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses to assess relationships between symptoms and brain function. Type of internalizing symptoms was associated with FG3-FG1 coupling (F = 8.14, P = 0.007). More coupling was associated with a higher concentration of depression, demonstrating that intra-fusiform coupling is differentially associated with internalizing symptom type (anxiety vs depression). We found an interaction between task condition and internalizing symptoms and dorsal (F = 4.51, P = 0.014) and rostral ACC activity (F = 4.27, P = 0.012). Post hoc comparisons revealed that less activity was associated with greater symptom severity during emotional regulation. Functional coupling differences during emotional processing are associated with depressive relative to anxiety symptoms and internalizing symptom severity. These findings could inform future treatments for depression.
Identification of a Novel b-Lactamase Produced by Xanthomonas campestris, a Phytopathogenic Bacterium

The Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 11 chromosome encodes a periplasmic b-lactamase of 30 kDa. Gene replacement and complementation confirmed the presence of this enzyme. Its deduced amino acid sequence shows identity and conserved domains between it and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia L2 and other Ambler class A/Bush group 2 b-lactamases. Southern hybridization detected a single homologous fragment in each of 12 other Xanthomonas strains, indicating that the presence of a b-lactamase gene is common among xanthomonads.