Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Autophagy in Mitotic Animal Cells

In nutrient‐deprived cells autophagy recycles cytoplasmic constituents by engulfing and degrading them in membrane‐bound autophagic vacuoles. The regulation of autophagic vacuole formation is poorly understood, but here we show this process is under strict cell‐cycle control in cultured animal cells. We found strong inhibition of autophagic vacuole accumulation in nocodazole‐arrested pseudo‐prometaphase cells, and also in metaphase and anaphase cells generated on release from the nocodazole arrest. Autophagic vacuoles reappeared after closure of the nuclear envelope in telophase/G1. Treatment with phosphoinositide 3(PI3)‐kinase inhibitors wortmannin, LY294002 and 3‐methyladenine (known to inhibit the autophagic response in interphase cells) rescued autophagy in mitotic cells without inducing reassembly of vesiculated ER and Golgi compartments. The autophagy induced in mitotic cells was inhibited by amino acids, and the resulting autophagosomes contained proteins LC3 and Lamp1, known to be associated with autophagosomes in interphase cells. The mitotic inhibition of autophagy was not relieved by rapamycin treatment or in PDK1–/– embryonic stem cells, by microinjection of inhibitory antibodies against the class III PI3 kinase VPS34, or in cell lines lacking the p85 regulatory subunits of class IA PI3 kinases. Our results show that autophagy is under strict mitotic control and indicate a novel role for phosphoinositide 3‐kinases or other wortmannin/LY294002‐sensitive kinases in mitotic membrane traffic regulation.
Casemix Management in a New Zealand Hospital: Rationalisation and Resistance

This paper discusses the use of a ‘casemix’ information system to rationalise and scrutinise clinical activity in a corporatised New Zealand hospital. The implementation of the casemix system was part of a management strategy to influence clinician behaviour by making visible the financial implications of clinical decisions. Clinicians were able to resist the application of this comparative surveillance system by challenging or diverting the information produced.
State Appropriation and Higher Education Tuition: What is the relationship?

This paper utilizes a simultaneous equation model to explain the relationship between state appropriation and the level of tuition at higher educational public institutions. Statistical results based on data from 47 continental states of the US indicate that tuition depends upon state appropriation, median family income, out of state enrollment as a percentage of total enrollment, and the region that a particular state is located. Additionally, state appropriation is affected by the level of tuition, per-capita tax revenue, demand factor, 2-year college enrollment as a percentage of total enrollments, and the clear majority of democrats in the state legislature. The results also indicate a clear interdependence of tuition and appropriation at the public institutions in the US.
LP-based analysis of greedy-dual-size

We give an integer programming formulation of the paging problem with varying sizes and fetching costs. We use this formulation to provide an alternative proof that a variant of the algorithm greedy-dual-size previously considered in [l, 63 is &-competitive against the optimal strategy with cache size h < k. Our proof provides further insights to greedy-dual-size. The linear programming relaxation is also applicable for obtaining an approximate solution to the NP-complete “of3ine” problem.
Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Ovary

Only one case of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the ovary has been reported so far. A new case is herein illustrated in a 69-year-old woman: an ovarian mass adherent to urinary bladder dome with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Histologically, undifferentiated carcinomatous areas were intermingled with abundant lymphoid tissue. Epstein-Barr virus has not been detected either in neoplastic or in lymphoid cells.
Osteoblast behaviour in the presence of bisphosphonates: ultrastructural and biochemical in vitro studies.

OBJECTIVE A positive balance in bone remodelling is an important goal of bone metabolism both in the presence of the osteoporotic processes characteristic of ageing and, especially, of prosthetic implants. The aim of the present work was to obtain new information about the initial steps of osteoblastic growth in an in vitro osteoblastic model in the presence of two bisphosphonates. METHODS Experiments were performed with Alendronate and Neridronate, two molecules used in the therapy of osteoporosis. Since differentiating features into osteoblastic cells are known to parallel the presence in the cytoplasm of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, we also carried out immunohistochemical typing. RESULTS Good differentiation and osteoblastic activity were generally observed in the cells in contact with these compounds, except for 10(-4) Neridronate, where biochemical data clearly indicated its toxic effect on the cells. CONCLUSION The detection of osteoblastic markers associated with an ultrastructural picture of correct organellar morphology in our cultures further supports the hypothesis of a metabolically positive action of these molecules on osteoblasts.
Prostatitis‐like symptoms: one year later

Objectives To re‐survey (after 1 year) men identified in 1999 as having perineal and/or ejaculatory pain/discomfort severe enough to suggest a clinical diagnosis of chronic prostatitis (using the National Institutes of Health‐Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index, NIH‐CPSI), and to compare them with an age‐matched population of men who had no prostatitis‐like symptoms in the initial survey, to determine the effect of time on specific symptoms associated with the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.
Performance measurement: from philosophy to practice

Even though remarkable progress has been made over recent years in the design of performance measurement frameworks and systems, many companies are still primarily relying on traditional financial performance measures. This paper presents an overview of the more common, more modern approaches to performance measurement and attempts to identify whether they have in fact addressed the limitations of traditional ways of measuring performance. The paper suggests that the modern frameworks have indeed addressed the underlying conceptual issues, but have rarely addressed the practicalities of measurement in ways that render them meaningful to practitioners. What is needed is further work to explore how these conceptual frameworks can be translated and tailored to fulfil the unique measurement needs of a specific company, especially at the operational level.
Job Creation, Job Destruction, and the International Division of Labor

We incorporate equilibrium unemployment due to imperfect matching into a model of trade in intermediate inputs (Ethier (1982)). Firms are assumed to be price takers and their size is given by technology. Firms enter the market as long as expected profits cover the search cost they incur initially. Trade increases productivity in the final good and then demand for each intermediate input. Steady state unemployment is reduced after trade integration because more vacancies are opened. When the rate of job destruction is made endogenous, international trade reduces the equilibrium rate of jub destruction and this induces an indirect positive effect on job creation. We also show that the more volatile environment faced by firms that is often associated with deeper trade integration is unlikely, per-se, to increase unemployment.
Public policy analysis in France: Transformation and theory

Abstract The study of public policy as a serious academic exercise appeared later in France than elsewhere. It has been marked by a highly rational, state‐centred tradition, sometimes known as the orthodox or French model of public policy. According to this model, public policies arc presented as rational and eminently intelligible. They emerge from the relationship between the overall environmental framework of reference, and the particular values, norms and images prevalent in different policy sectors (themselves dominated by professional or technocratic corporatism). The orthodox model has been challenged since the mid‐1980s by the separate movements of decentralization and European integration. The orthodox school has acknowledged these changes, but insisted that the main tenets of their approach remain valid. This article challenges the main precepts of the orthodox model, especially in the light of recent policy evolutions. It advocates an approach which gives more room to sociological explanations,.
Zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Currently bisphosphonates are often administered to patients with osteolytic bone metastases from several neoplasms. Based on favorable experience in other cancers with bone metastases and the lack of effective treatment, we started to use zoledronic acid (ZA), a recently developed synthetic bisphosphonate drug, in the treatment of this disease. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of ZA for bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. METHODS The study consisted of 50 patients with bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital of Tokyo between 1976 and 2008. Among them, 28 patients who did not undergo bisphosphonate therapy were defined as group A and 22 patients who received ZA therapy were defined as group B. The primary efficacy endpoint for ZA treatment was the reduction in the percentage of patients who developed skeletal-related events (SREs), including bone fracture, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. A secondary endpoint was the interval between a presentation of bone metastases and appearance of SREs. RESULTS SREs occurred in significantly lower frequency in group B (3 of 22 patients, 14%) than group A (14 of 28 patients, 50%) (p = 0.007). The use of ZA significantly retarded the onset of the first SRE (p = 0.04). Two group-B patients developed bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. CONCLUSION Treatment with ZA was effective in reducing SREs or delaying their appearance in patients with bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Macroeconomic aspects of structural labor market reforms in Germany

Using a newly constructed macroeconometric model for Germany and the rest of the Euro area, we investigate the macroeconomic effects of structural labor market reforms in Germany. We find that neither the fact that Germany can no longer pursue an independent monetary policy nor the possibility that other countries in the Euro area might react to reforms in Germany by implementing labor market reforms themselves constitute impediments to successful reforms. Reforms would relative quickly bring down unemployment and increase GDP significantly. Even former labor market "insiders" would gain as net wages increase due to falling unemployment insurance contributions.
Bruton ’ s Tyrosine Kinase Links the B Cell Receptor to Nuclear Factor k B Activation

The recognition of antigen by membrane immunoglobulin M (mIgM) results in a complex series of signaling events in the cytoplasm leading to gene activation. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, is essential for the full repertoire of IgM signals to be transduced. We examined the ability of BTK to regulate the nuclear factor (NF)k B/Rel family of transcription factors, as the activation of these factors is required for a B cell response to mIgM. We found greatly diminished IgMbut not CD40-mediated NFk B/ Rel nuclear translocation and DNA binding in B cells from X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice that harbor an R28C mutation in btk , a mutation that produces a functionally inactive kinase. The defect was due, in part, to a failure to fully degrade the inhibitory protein of NFk B, I k B a . Using a BTK-deficient variant of DT40 chicken B cells, we found that expression of wild-type or gain-of-function mutant BTK, but not the R28C mutant, reconstituted NFk B activity. Thus, BTK is essential for activation of NFk B via the B cell receptor.
Why Newly Listed Firms Become Acquisition Targets

We study the operating, financial, and ownership structure characteristics of newly listed firms which become acquisition targets shortly after their initial public offerings. We examine whether such firms get acquired because of their successful performance or as an alternative to delisting. We find that firms, which do relatively well in terms of operating as well as stock performance and attract institutional investor interest, draw the attention of acquirers. Furthermore, we observe that investments made by newly listed target firms do not destroy shareholder value and have comparable profitability to investments made by newly listed firms which grow by acquisitions. Overall, firms acquired shortly after listing are on a growth trajectory similar to that of surviving firms.
Epidemiology of acute lung injury

Purpose of review Acute lung injury and its extreme manifestation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, complicate a wide variety of serious medical and surgical conditions, only some of which affect the lung directly. Despite recent evidence-based advances in clinical management, acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are associated with significant mortality. Detailed epidemiology is essential in guiding the recruitment of patients into trials of new therapeutic interventions, thereby improving outcome and allowing directed allocation of scarce resources. Recent findings The incidence of acute lung injury in the United States overall (17-64 per 100,000 person-years) seems to be higher than in Europe, Australia, and other developed countries (17-34 per 100, 000 person-years). The mortality rates for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome range from 34 to 58%. The hypothesis that pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndromes are different disease entities continues to gain momentum. A genetic predisposition to acute respiratory distress syndrome may contribute to its pathogenesis and outcome. Summary Recent epidemiologic studies of the incidence of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome have indicated a similar incidence in developed societies, and they confirm that mortality is falling in comparison with a decade ago. The awaited publication of new consensus guidelines for the definition of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome may render new studies necessary.
An unstable Okun’s Law, not the best rule of thumb

Okun’s law is a statistical relationship between unemployment and GDP that is widely used as a rule of thumb for assessing the unemployment rate—why it might be at a certain level or where it might be headed, for example. Unfortunately, the Okun’s law relationship is not stable over time, which makes it potentially misleading as a rule of thumb.
Productive ageing in Japan

As a country with the most rapidly ageing society in history, Japan is facing strong demand to develop an environment for older adults to find meaning (ikigai) in their late life. In response, the Japanese government has encouraged policies pertaining to ‘social participation’ of older adults, particularly in employment and lifelong learning. Although the government papers do not use the term ‘productive ageing,’ debates and discussion on productive ageing among academics and researchers have centred on older adults' labour participation. Since Japanese older adults report one of the lowest satisfaction rates in quality of life among industrialized nations, a structural reform in social policies related to income maintenance, labour, education, and long-term care in Japan is warranted to realize the true essence of ‘ productive ageing. ’ The paper will focus on examining today's policies and programs for older adults including employment, volunteerism, career-related education, and family caregiving. Key challenges and related issues will be discussed.
A theoretical framework for gene induction and experimental comparisons

Ligand-mediated gene induction by steroid receptors is a multistep process characterized by a dose–response curve for gene product that follows a first-order Hill equation. This behavior has classically been explained by steroid binding to receptor being the rate-limiting step. However, this predicts a constant potency of gene induction (EC50) for a given receptor-steroid complex, which is challenged by the findings that various cofactors/reagents can alter this parameter in a gene-specific manner. These properties put strong constraints on the mechanisms of gene induction and raise two questions: How can a first-order Hill dose–response curve (FHDC) arise from a multistep reaction sequence, and how do cofactors modify potency? Here we introduce a theoretical framework in which a sequence of steps yields an FHDC for the final product as a function of the initial agonist concentration. An exact determination of all constants is not required to describe the final FHDC. The theory predicts mechanisms for cofactor/reagent effects on gene-induction potency and maximal activity and it assigns a relative order to cofactors in the sequence of steps. The theory is supported by several observations from glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene induction. It identifies the mechanism and matches the measured dose–response curves for different concentrations of the combination of cofactor Ubc9 and receptor. It also predicts that an FHDC cannot involve the DNA binding of preformed receptor dimers, which is validated experimentally. The theory is general and can be applied to any biochemical reaction that shows an FHDC.
A validade da paridade do poder de compra no Brasil Pós-Plano Real.

The concept of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is examined here for its applicability to Brazil in a period characterized for low taxes of inflation and commercial opening. PPP is tested through the use of unit root tests and the technique of cointegration. Based on monthly data covering the period of 1994–2006, cointegration tests of price indices and exchange rates between Brazil and USA are conducted. The results for the whole data series provide no evidence in favor of the long-term applicability of PPP due to the structural break caused by the exchange rate regime switch occurred in January 1999. Yet, when dividing the series into two periods – before January 1999 and after it –, there is relatively strong evidence in favor of it as a cointegration concept for the previous period. For the subsequent period, however, no long-term equilibrium relationship is found. This can be a result of the short period analyzed, as long as the PPP concept is strongly related to long-term periods.
Phase 1b‐2a study to reverse platinum resistance through use of a hypomethylating agent, azacitidine, in patients with platinum‐resistant or platinum‐refractory epithelial ovarian cancer

Sequential treatment with azacitidine can induce re‐expression of epigenetically silenced genes through genomic DNA hypomethylation and reverse carboplatin resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. A phase 1b‐2a clinical trial of this sequential combination of azacitidine and carboplatin was initiated in patients with platinum‐resistant or platinum‐refractory epithelial ovarian cancer.
Purchasing Power Parity and the Canadian Float in the 1950s

In this paper, the authors present evidence that neither large differences in inflation nor long time periods are necessary for a finding favorable to purchasing power parity. Evidence from cointegrating regressions and tests of the real exchange rate indicate that purchasing power parity held as a long-run constraint between the United States and Canada for the period 1950:10 to 1961:5. The authors also find that government intervention can distort purchasing power parity over a finite period. Once the data were extended beyond the period of the free float, the evidence is no longer favorable to purchasing power parity. Copyright 1991 by MIT Press.
Neurophysiological characterization of mammalian osmosensitive neurones

In mammals, the osmolality of the extracellular fluid is maintained near a predetermined set‐point through a negative feedback regulation of thirst, diuresis, salt appetite and natriuresis. This homeostatic control is believed to be mediated by osmosensory neurones which synaptically regulate the electrical activity of command neurones that mediate each of these osmoregulatory effector responses. Our present understanding of the molecular, cellular and network basis that underlies the central control of osmoregulation is largely derived from studies on primary osmosensory neurones in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) and effector neurones in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), which release hormones that regulate diuresis and natriuresis. Primary osmosensory neurones in the OVLT exhibit changes in action potential firing rate that vary in proportion with ECF osmolality. This effect results from the intrinsic depolarizing receptor potential which these cells generate via a molecular transduction complex that may comprise various members of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family of cation channel proteins, notably TRPV1 and TRPV4. Osmotically evoked changes in the firing rate of OVLT neurones then regulate the electrical activity of downstream neurones in the SON through graded changes in glutamate release.
RIGHTS CONSCIOUSNESS AND RULES CONSCIOUSNESS IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA

Do Chinese people have rights consciousness or only rules consciousness? Rules consciousness combines awareness of the necessity of having protection from rule-enforcement authorities with willingness to secure such protection through direct or indirect participation in rule-enforcement. Rights consciousness, on the other hand, combines awareness of the necessity of having protection from rule-making authorities with willingness to secure such protection through direct or indirect participation in rule-making. In contemporary China, rules consciousness presumes skepticism toward local rule-enforcement authorities and a sense of equality with them before central policies or state laws. By contrast, rights consciousness presumes skepticism toward central rule-making authorities and a sense of equality in relation to antecedent principles that are prior to and superior to political rules. A survey of farmers in 2007 shows that reactive claims against local rule-enforcement authorities are associated with skepticism toward township leaders, which suggests that they represent rules consciousness. Proactive claims against central rule-making authorities, on the other hand, are associated with skepticism toward central leaders, which suggests they reflect rights consciousness.
Redrawing the Boundaries

While work units continue to play an important role in shaping employees' economic rewards in urban China, the way organizational affiliations affect social stratification has undergone a subtle transformation and the distinctive boundaries among work units have been redrawn. Analysis of the data from the Chinese General Social Survey (2005) shows that the boundaries exist mainly between government agencies/public institutions and enterprises: workers in the former sector enjoyed significantly higher income as well as more fringe benefits than their counterparts in the latter sector. Analyses using propensity score matching methods further identify the existence of organizational premiums (structural effect) on income for those who work in government agencies and public institutions. These findings shed new lights on the changing roles of the state and the market in social stratification in urban China.