Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder: who will get a DSM-5 diagnosis?

Background Introduction of proposed criteria for DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has raised concerns that some individuals currently meeting diagnostic criteria for Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD; DSM-IV-TR/ICD-10) will not qualify for a diagnosis under the proposed changes. To date, reports of sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria have been inconsistent across studies. No study has yet considered how changes at the ‘sub domain’ level might affect overall sensitivity and specificity, and few have included individuals of different ages and ability levels. Methods A set of DSM-5 ASD algorithms were developed using items from the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO). The number of items required for each DSM-5 subdomain was defined either according to criteria specified by DSM-5 (Initial Algorithm), a statistical approach (Youden J Algorithm), or to minimise the number of false positives while maximising sensitivity (Modified Algorithm). The algorithms were designed, tested and compared in two independent samples (Sample 1, N = 82; Sample 2, N = 115), while sensitivity was assessed across age and ability levels in an additional dataset of individuals with an ICD-10 PDD diagnosis (Sample 3, N = 190). Results Sensitivity was highest in the Initial Algorithm, which had the poorest specificity. Although Youden J had excellent specificity, sensitivity was significantly lower than in the Modified Algorithm, which had both good sensitivity and specificity. Relaxing the domain A rules improved sensitivity of the Youden J Algorithm, but it remained less sensitive than the Modified Algorithm. Moreover, this was the only algorithm with variable sensitivity across age. All versions of the algorithm performed well across ability level. Conclusions This study demonstrates that good levels of both sensitivity and specificity can be achieved for a diagnostic algorithm adhering to the DSM-5 criteria that is suitable across age and ability level.
Cathelicidins, multifunctional peptides of the innate immunity

Cathelicidins comprise a family of mammalian proteins containing a C‐terminal cationic antimicrobial domain that becomes active after being freed from the N‐terminal cathelin portion of the holoprotein. Many other members of this family have been identified since the first cathelicidin sequences were reported 10 years ago. The mature peptides generally show a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and, more recently, some of them have also been found to exert other biological activities. The human cathelicidin peptide LL‐37 is chemotactic for neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, and T cells; induces degranulation of mast cells; alters transcriptional responses in macrophages; stimulates wound vascularization and re‐epithelialization of healing skin. The porcine PR‐39 has also been involved in a variety of processes, including promotion of wound repair, induction of angiogenesis, neutrophils chemotaxis, and inhibition of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity, whereas the bovine BMAP‐28 induces apoptosis in transformed cell lines and activated lymphocytes and may thus help with clearance of unwanted cells at inflammation sites. These multiple actions provide evidence for active participation of cathelicidin peptides in the regulation of the antimicrobial host defenses.
Analysis of Three Dimensional Object Reconstruction Method for Underwater Images

The aim of this paper is to design and develop a three dimensional reconstruction system using a feature detection technique called as speeded up robust features (SURF). First the feature points are detected using SURF and matched between pair of underwater st ereo images. Further epipolar geometry is utilized to remove the unfavourable feature points and to derive geometrical relation. Linear triangulation is used to compute 3d points, which are further dense matched and mapped with the appropriate texture to resemble the original object. The proposed design is tested on a set of underwater images, using the information about the camera calibration parameters. The result of testing shows that the des igned method can be utilized to reconstruct a partial 3D approximation of the underwater objects.
Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores

This review examines the direct effects of climate change on insect herbivores. Temperature is identi®ed as the dominant abiotic factor directly affecting herbivorous insects. There is little evidence of any direct effects of CO2 or UVB. Direct impacts of precipitation have been largely neglected in current research on climate change. Temperature directly affects development, survival, range and abundance. Species with a large geographical range will tend to be less affected. The main effect of temperature in temperate regions is to in ̄uence winter survival; at more northerly latitudes, higher temperatures extend the summer season, increasing the available thermal budget for growth and reproduction. Photoperiod is the dominant cue for the seasonal synchrony of temperate insects, but their thermal requirements may differ at different times of year. Interactions between photoperiod and temperature determine phenology; the two factors do not necessarily operate in tandem. Insect herbivores show a number of distinct life-history strategies to exploit plants with different growth forms and strategies, which will be differentially affected by climate warming. There are still many challenges facing biologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change. Future Correspondence: Prof. Jeff Bale, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK, tel 0121 4145908, fax 0121 4145925, e-mail j.s. bale@bham.ac. uk Current addresses: 2Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Russell Laboratories 237, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA, *NIOO-CTO, Boterhoeksestraat 48, PO Box 40, 666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands, 3Centre for AgriEnvironmental Research, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 236, Reading, RG6 6AT, UK, §School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK, **Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK Global Change Biology (2002) 8, 1±16 ã 2002 Blackwell Science Ltd 1 research needs to consider insect herbivore phenotypic and genotypic ̄exibility, their responses to global change parameters operating in concert, and awareness that some patterns may only become apparent in the longer term.
Design and implementation of an improved RSA algorithm

This paper aims at speeding up RSA decryption and signature. The performance of RSA decryption and signature has direct relationship with the efficiency of modular exponentiation implementation. This paper proposes a variant of RSA cryptosystem (EAMRSA-Encrypt Assistant Multi- Prime RSA) by reducing modules and private exponents in modular exponentiation. The experimental result shows that the speed of the decryption and signature has been substantially improved and the variant can be efficiently implemented in parallel.
Automatically detecting pain using facial actions

Pain is generally measured by patient self-report, normally via verbal communication. However, if the patient is a child or has limited ability to communicate (i.e. the mute, mentally impaired, or patients having assisted breathing) self-report may not be a viable measurement. In addition, these self-report measures only relate to the maximum pain level experienced during a sequence so a frame-by-frame measure is currently not obtainable. Using image data from patients with rotator-cuff injuries, in this paper we describe an AAM-based automatic system which can detect pain on a frame-by-frame level. We do this two ways: directly (straight from the facial features); and indirectly (through the fusion of individual AU detectors). From our results, we show that the latter method achieves the optimal results as most discriminant features from each AU detector (i.e. shape or appearance) are used.
Human Regulatory T Cells Kill Tumor Cells through Granzyme-Dependent Cytotoxicity upon Retargeting with a Bispecific Antibody

Regulatory T cells play a central role in tumor escape from immune-mediated rejection. Using a bispecific antibody targeting the tumor-specific mutation of the EGF receptor, EGFRvIII, Choi and colleagues describe a new mechanism they identified by which regulatory T cells can be redirected to elicit potent antitumor activity. A major mechanism by which human regulatory T cells (Treg) have been shown to suppress and kill autologous immune cells is through the granzyme-perforin pathway. However, it is unknown whether Tregs also possess the capacity to kill tumor cells using similar mechanisms. Bispecific antibodies (bscAb) have emerged as a promising class of therapeutics that activate T cells against tumor antigens without the need for classical MHC-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition. Here, we show that a bscAb targeting the tumor-specific mutation of the EGF receptor, EGFRvIII, redirects human CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs to kill glioblastoma cells. This activity was significantly abrogated by inhibitors of the granzyme-perforin pathway. Notably, analyses of human primary glioblastoma also displayed diffused infiltration of granzyme-expressing FoxP3+ T cells. Together, these data suggest that despite their known suppressive functions, tumor-infiltrating Tregs possess potent cytotoxic mechanisms that can be co-opted for efficient tumor cell lysis. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(3); 163–7. ©2013 AACR.
Fusion of multiple handwritten word recognition techniques

Fusion of multiple handwritten word recognition techniques is described. A novel borda count for fusion based on ranks and confidence values is proposed. Three techniques with two different conventional segmentation algorithms in conjunction with backpropagation and radial basis function neural networks have been used in this research. Development has taken place at the University of Missouri and Griffith University. All experiments were performed on real-world handwritten words taken from the CEDAR benchmark database. The word recognition results are very promising and highest (91%) among published results for handwritten words.
Antioxidant system in Uromastyx philbyi during hibernation and activity periods

Hibernation is an extreme physiological state characterized by profound decreases in oxidative metabolism and body temperature during bouts of prolonged torpor, interrupted by brief periods of arousal with sudden increases in oxidative metabolism, with alterations in antioxidant defenses. We monitored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress during hibernation and activity in Uromastyx philbyi. 20 animals were used, 10 of which were collected in the hibernation season (group I) and the other 10 collected during the active period (group II). Blood, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and brain samples were used to determine free radical and antioxidant levels. The results indicated a significant decrease of free radicals and increase of vitamin C, especially in serum during hibernation. In contrast, during the active period free radicals, enzymatic antioxidants as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidants as reduce glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E increased in all studied tissues. It can be concluded that Uromastyx philbyi has a strong antioxidant defense system that protects it from the injurious effects of free radicals either at the periods of arousal or during activity periods.
Sensorless stabilization of bounce juggling

The paper studies the properties of a sinusoidally vibrating wedge billiard as a model for 2-D bounce juggling. It is shown that some periodic orbits that are unstable in the elastic fixed wedge become exponentially stable in the nonelastic vibrating wedge. These orbits are linked with certain classical juggling patterns, providing an interesting benchmark for the study of the frequency-locking properties in human rhythmic tasks. Experimental results on sensorless stabilization of juggling patterns are described.
Towards Realizing the Secured Multilateral Co-Operative Computing Architectural Framework

Innovative approaches for securing the computing systems have intense inference for our understanding of technological, societal, economical, and political phenomena in making guiding principles, policies, rules and security implementations. The model presented here is based on cooperative and collaborative multilateral relationship among the shared business community partners. The sole responsibility for the securing and maintenance of their own virtualized dedicated boxes with jointly hosted data centers distributed geographically is equally, vested with service consumers and vendors. Inspired by multilateral techniques used in army and health care applications, this model is a conceptual and empirical tool aimed, rather depicting a particular set of observed situations or making predictions. It is aimed is to develop our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms driving the security implementations of existing methods and provide the MCF - multilateral collaborative co-operative framework. This MCF demonstrates an interrelated multilayered virtualized architectural framework for computing utility using virtualization platform. We try to demonstrate qualitatively and empirically the proposed architecture works well for a wide range of workloads and devices belonging to multi tenants with varied security needs. This work is compared with currently existing virtualization platform security framework and avail the novelty of the proposed ontology and framework.
Infall of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1404 into the Fornax Cluster

We use three Chandra observations, totaling 134.3 ks, to constrain the dynamical motion of NGC 1404 falling toward the dominant elliptical NGC 1399 through the Fornax Cluster gas. The surface brightness profile of NGC 1404 shows a sharp edge at ~8 kpc from its center in the direction of NGC 1399, characteristic of jumplike temperature and density discontinuities from ram pressure stripping of the galaxy gas, caused by its motion through the surrounding intracluster medium (ICM). We find that the temperature of the galaxy gas inside the edge is ~2.8 times cooler (kT = 0.55 keV with abundance A = 0.73 Z☉) than the cluster gas (kT = 1.53 keV, A = 0.42 Z☉). We use the shape of the surface brightness profile across the edge to fit the position of the edge, the power-law behavior of NGC 1404's density distribution in the leading direction, and the density discontinuity at the edge. The electron density inside the edge (3.9-4.3) × 10-3 cm-3 depends strongly on the gas abundance, while the density of the ICM (7-8) × 10-4 cm-3 depends strongly on the assumed geometry (relative distance) between NGC 1404 and NGC 1399. The corresponding pressure jump of 1.7-2.1 across the leading edge of the galaxy and the cluster free-stream region implies near sonic motion (Mach number 0.83-1.03) for NGC 1404 with a velocity 531-657 km s-1 relative to the surrounding cluster gas. The inclination angle of the motion, inferred using the relative radial velocity between NGC 1404 and 1399 as representative of that between NGC 1404 and the cluster ICM, is uncomfortably large (≳40°) given the sharpness of the surface brightness edge, suggesting either a nonzero impact parameter between NGC 1404 and 1399 or that NGC 1399 is also moving radially with respect to the cluster ICM.
Remnant lipoprotein levels in fasting serum predict coronary events in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Remnant lipoproteins are atherogenic, but assays of remnants have not been available in routine clinical laboratories because of the lack of practical and validated methods. A simple and reliable method for such an assay, using an immunochemical approach, has recently been developed. This study prospectively examined whether remnant lipoprotein levels in fasting serum, measured by our method, may have prognostic value in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS Remnant lipoprotein levels in fasting serum were measured in 135 patients with CAD by an immunoaffinity mixed gel containing anti-apolipoprotein (apo) A-1 and anti-apoB-100 monoclonal antibodies. Patients were followed up for </=36 months until occurrence of 1 of the following clinical coronary events: recurrent or refractory angina pectoris requiring coronary revascularization, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or cardiac death. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significantly higher probability of developing coronary events in patients with the highest tertile of remnant levels (>5.1 mg cholesterol/dL; 75th percentile of distribution of remnant levels) than in those with the lowest tertile of remnant levels (</=3.3 mg cholesterol/dL; 50th percentile of the distribution). Higher levels of remnants were a significant and independent predictor of developing coronary events in multivariate Cox hazard analysis including the following covariates: extent of coronary artery stenosis, age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of remnant lipoproteins in fasting serum predict future coronary events in patients with CAD independently of other risk factors. Thus, measurement of fasting remnant levels, assessed by the current immunoseparation method, may be helpful in assessment of CAD risk.
Comparative Analysis of the Accuracy of Backpropagation and Learning Vector Quantisation for Pattern Recognition of Hijaiyah Letters

The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a branch of science in the field of artificial intelligence and is created from adapting the workings of the human brain. Backpropagation (BP) and Learning Vector Quantisation (LVQ) are two of many methods used to recognise patterns. Both are supervised training methods with different approaches. BP uses an error value to recognise patterns or images, while LVQ uses distance values as an indicator classification of patterns in class. This study conducted a simulation of pattern recognition to compare the accuracy of BP and LVQ in terms of recognising Hijaiyah letter patterns (Arabic characters) to see how the number of epochs and the value of learning rate during the training process affects the accuracy. Simulations carried out 28 targets or Hijaiyah letter with parameter epoch 25, 100, 500, 1000, 3000 and 5000 as well as the learning rate of 0.001, 0.05, 0.01, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.05. Overall, the resulting accuracy on Backpropagation method is better compared to LVQ. It is influenced by the value of learning rate and the number of epochs. Accuracy of the Backpropagation training is less influenced by the value of learning rate, but it becomes more accurate if the number of epochs used for training a lot in accordance with the number of samples used. While LVQ, contrary to Backpropagation, the accuracy of the results of training are affected by the value of learning rate and is less affected by the number of epoch.
Sizing avatars from skin weights

In current computer games and simulation environments, individuality of virtual character bodies are mainly constructed using different textures and accessories. However, this type of modeling generates anthropometrically similar shapes due to the reliance on a single or few body models. Alternatively, using large variety of body size models require larger storage resources and design efforts. We present an efficient method for generating and storing variety of body size models derived from a skinned template. Our method doesn't require additional design efforts and uses the existing skinning data that are already attached to the template model. Algorithm used for sizing the model is based on anthropometric body measurement standards that are used in ergonomic design application. Resulting new body size models use the same skinning information for animation by adapting the underlying skeleton according to the anthropometric parameters. Our developed system is useful in CAD applications from ergonomic design of cloths to parametrically resizing avatars.
A Chemically Induced Model for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung in Mice

Lung cancer, primarily associated with tobacco use, is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in the United States. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the four major histological types of lung cancer. Although there are several established models for lung adenoma and adenocarcinomas, there is no well-established mouse model for lung SCC. We treated eight different inbred strains of mice with N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea by skin painting and found that this regimen induced lung SCCs in five strains of mouse (SWR/J, NIH Swiss, A/J, BALB/cJ, and FVB/J) but not in the others (AKR/J, 129/svJ, and C57BL/6J). Mouse lung SCCs have similar histopathological features and keratin staining to human SCC. Moreover, a wide spectrum of abnormal lung squamous phenotypes including hyperplasia, metaplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma, were observed. There are strain-specific differences in susceptibility to Lscc induction by N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea with NIH Swiss, A/J, and SWR/J mice developing scores of SCCs whereas the resistant strains AKR/J, 129/svJ, and C57BL/6J failed to develop any SCCs. FVB/J and BALB/cJ mice had an intermediate response. We conducted whole-genome linkage disequilibrium analysis in seven strains of mice, divided into three phenotype categories of susceptibility, using Fisher’s exact test applied to 6,128 markers in publically available databases. Three markers were found significantly associated with susceptibility to SCC with the P < 0.05. They were D1Mit169, D3Mit178, and D18Mit91. Interestingly, none of these sites overlap with the major susceptibility loci associated with lung adenoma/adenocarcinoma development in mice. The mouse SCC described here is highly significant for preclinical studies of lung cancer chemopreventive agents because most human trials have been conducted against precancerous lesions for SCC. Furthermore, this model can be used in determining genetic modifiers that contribute to susceptibility or resistance to lung SCC development.