Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informal Institution on the Extension of Value Transformation: Experiences from Developing Countries

The purpose of this study is to investigate the substantive impact of how informal institutions regulate and reciprocate the actions of formal institutions in order to determine the extent to which the value transformation of developing countries is maintained across traditional, modern, and post-modern ranges. Using concepts of Inglehart's Evolutionary Modernization Theory and North's Transaction Cost, we have attempted to develop a conceptual framework based on the collinearity, structure, and velocity of value transformation in order to identify subjective preferences for the conformance of the underlying culture and the bargaining nature of informal institutions within the institutional multiplicity. Comparing three developing regions (South Asia, Africa, and Latin America) has allowed us to identify prospective domains and rates for tracking these changes. As a result of this comparison, various socio-cultural scenarios of underlying cultures and political-economic scenarios of the bargaining nature of informal institutions surrounding the transition and sustainability of particular value propositions in developing nations have been found. These scenarios have been found to be influenced by historical path dependency and cultural change agents with varying impacts on informal institutions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(DL-lactide) Containing Fluorene Structures

9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BPF) hydroxyl groups (-OH) were used as initiators in the ring-opening polymerization reaction with DL-lactide monomers at different molar ratios to synthesize a Poly(DL-lactide) polymer containing bisphenol fluorene structure and acrylate functional groups (DL-BPF). The polymer’s structure and molecular weight range were analyzed using NMR (1H, 13C) and gel permeation chromatography. DL-BPF was then subjected to photocrosslinking using the photoinitiator Omnirad 1173, resulting in the formation of an optically transparent crosslinked polymer. Characterization of the crosslinked polymer involved analyzing its gel content, refractive index, thermal stability (via differential scanning thermometry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), as well as conducting cytotoxicity tests. The crosslinked copolymer exhibited a maximum refractive index of 1.5276, a maximum glass transition temperature of 61.1 °C, and cell survival rates higher than 83% in the cytotoxicity tests.
MCST Scheme for UAV Systems over LoRa Networks

In recent years, low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) has received widespread popularity with long-range and wide-area communication at low power for the Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Among many vendors of LPWAN, long-range low-power wireless communications, also called LoRa, is one of the competing standards and is well known in both academia and industrial communities as an emerging research area. Among the LoRa applications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) systems are emerging with the benefits of extended battery life and a long communication range. In this paper, we investigate the network capacity with the mixture of concurrent and sequential transmission (MCST) scheme over LoRa networks. From the simulation results, it can be seen that MCST is suitable for implementation in the LoRa network. Specifically, MCST can achieve higher throughput with low transmission latency and energy consumption compared to the existing CSMA approach LoRa MAC. Besides, we also propose a modified MCST over the LoRa (mMCST/LoRa) scheme to mitigate the transmission latency further. The simulation results reveal a better performance in terms of throughput, latency and energy consumption, regardless of the frame payload size and the number of nodes in the network.
DECODING OF LINEAR BLOCK CODES USING SUM PRODUCT ALGORITHM

In this paper, we exploit the usage of sum product algorithm for updating the reliability values of the received sequence at the receiver end. The reliability values based on the soft decision decoding scheme is utilized for proceeding in the further process of decoding. This method of decoding is more efficient in comparison to the hard decision process as the probability of every single bit as well as the parity bits are upgraded, thus taking into consideration the interconnections and dependency of every bits with its associated bits. Further its serves as a suboptimal decoding scheme, with reduced computations and searches in comparison to the optimal Maximum Likelihood decoding method that computes the probabilities based on log likelihood function. The comparison of the output obtained by using sum product algorithm or belief propagation is compared with the that obtained by ML scheme and the performance in an Additive White Gaussian Noise channel shows meager tradeoff in the error performance with reduced searches and computations.
Investigation and Optimisation of High-Lift Airfoils for Airborne Wind Energy Systems at High Reynolds Numbers

The potential of airfoil optimisation for the specific requirements of airborne wind energy (AWE) systems is investigated. Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted at high Reynolds numbers for the S1223 airfoil and an optimised airfoil with thin slat. The optimised geometry was generated using the NSGA-II optimisation algorithm in conjunction with 2D-RANS simulations. The results showed that simultaneous optimisation of the slat and airfoil is the most promising approach. Furthermore, the choice of turbulence model was found to be crucial, requiring appropriate transition modeling to reproduce experimental data. The k-ω-SST-γ-Reθ model proved to be most suitable for the geometries investigated. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted with high aspect ratio model airfoils, using a novel structural design, relying mostly on 3D-printed airfoil segments. The optimised airfoil and slat geometry showed significantly improved maximum lift and a shift of the maximum power factor to higher angles of attack, indicating good potential for use in AWE systems, especially at higher Reynolds numbers. The combined numerical and experimental approach proved to be very successful and the overall process a promising starting point for future optimisation and investigation of airfoils for AWE systems.
Topological visualization of tensor fields using a generalized Helmholtz decomposition

Topological Visualization of Tensor Fields Using a Generalized Helmholtz Decomposition Lierong Zhu Analysis and visualization of fluid flow datasets has become increasing important with the development of computer graphics. Even though many direct visualization methods have been applied in the tensor fields, those methods may result in much visual clutter. The Helmholtz decomposition has been widely used to analyze and visualize the vector fields, and it is also a useful application in the topological analysis of vector fields. However, there has been no previous work employing the Helmholtz decomposition of tensor fields. We present a method for computing the Helmholtz decomposition of tensor fields of arbitrary order and demonstrate its application. The Helmholtz decomposition can split a tensor field into divergence-free and curl-free parts. The curl-free part is irrotational, and it is useful to isolate the local maxima and minima of divergence (foci of sources and sinks) in the tensor field without interference from curl-based features. And divergence-free part is solenoidal, and it is useful to isolate centers of vortices in the tensor field. Topological visualization using this decomposition can classify critical points of two-dimensional tensor fields and critical lines of 3D tensor fields. Compared with several other methods, this approach is not dependent on computing eigenvectors, tensor invariants, or hyperstreamlines, but it can be computed by solving a sparse linear system of equations based on finite difference approximation operators. Our approach is an indirect visualization method, unlike the direct visualization which may result in the visual clutter. The topological analysis approach also generates a single separating contour to roughly partition the tensor field into irrotational and solenoidal regions. Our approach will make use of the 2 order and the 4 order tensor fields. This approach can provide a concise representation of the global structure of the field, and provide intuitive and useful information about the structure of tensor fields. However, this method does not extract the exact locations of critical points and lines.
A Foundational Population Genetics Investigation of the Sexual Systems of Solanum (Solanaceae) in the Australian Monsoon Tropics Suggests Dioecious Taxa May Benefit from Increased Genetic Admixture via Obligate Outcrossing

Solanum section Leptostemonum is an ideal lineage to test the theoretical framework regarding proposed evolutionary benefits of outcrossing sexual systems in comparison to cosexuality. Theoretically, non-cosexual taxa should support more genetic diversity within populations, experience less inbreeding, and have less genetic structure due to a restricted ability to self-fertilize. However, many confounding factors present challenges for a confident inference that inherent differences in sexual systems influence observed genetic patterns among populations. This study provides a foundational baseline of the population genetics of several species of different sexual systems with the aim of generating hypotheses of any factor—including sexual system—that influences genetic patterns. Importantly, results indicate that dioecious S. asymmetriphyllum maintains less genetic structure and greater admixture among populations than cosexual S. raphiotes at the same three locations where they co-occur. This suggests that when certain conditions are met, the evolution of dioecy may have proceeded as a means to avoid genetic consequences of self-compatibility and may support hypotheses of benefits gained through differential resource allocation partitioned across sexes. Arguably, the most significant finding of this study is that all taxa are strongly inbred, possibly reflective of a shared response to recent climate shifts, such as the increased frequency and intensity of the region’s fire regime.
Perturbative Gravity and Gauge-Theory Relations

This thesis is concerned with some of the surprising relations that exist for scattering amplitudes in (supersymmetric) gauge and gravity theories. Recently a new class of gaugetheory relations, called the Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) relations, were discovered. They reduce the number of independent color-ordered tree-level amplitudes down to (n−3)! In this thesis these relations are considered both in the context of string and eld theory. In string theory they follow from monodromy relations between open-string amplitudes, while in eld theory they can either be derived from recursion relations or seen as a consequence of a color-kinematic duality. We then investigate the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations, which express closed-string amplitudes as products between open-string amplitudes. From a traditional Feynman diagrammatic point of view their validity in the eld-theory limit is very unexpected. However, we show how these relations can be derived in eld theory from the analytical properties of general n-point amplitudes. An important tool in this derivation will be the Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten recursion relations. Further examination will show that the KLT-relations also contain pure gauge-theory relations (vanishing identities) when the product is taken between amplitudes belonging to di erent helicity sectors. The KLTrelations have a natural extension to maximally supersymmetric gravity and Yang-Mills theories. It will be shown how to reduce to less supersymmetric theories, and map out the resulting gravity theories. In this formalism the vanishing identities follow naturally due to violation of either SU(N ) invariance or breaking of U(1)-charge conservation. In the last chapter we will explore some of the progress that has been made in extending these structures to loop level.
Robust non‐minimal order filter and smoother design for discrete‐time uncertain systems

This paper is concerned with the design of robust non‐minimal order H∞ filters for uncertain discrete‐time linear systems. The uncertainty is assumed to be time‐invariant and to belong to a polytope. The novelty is that a convex filtering design procedure with Linear Matrix Inequality constraints is proposed to synthesize guaranteed‐cost filters with order greater than the order of the system. An H∞‐norm bound for the transfer‐function from the system input to the filtering error is adopted as performance criterion. The non‐minimal order filters proposed generalize other existing filters with augmented structures from the literature and can provide better performance. An extension to the problem of robust smoothing is proposed as well. The procedure is illustrated by a numerical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Pole Equivalence and Performance Analyses of Multi-Layer Flux-Barrier Combined-Pole Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Used for Electric Vehicles

Multi-layer flux-barrier combined-pole permanent-magnet synchronous machines (MLFB-CP-PMSMs) are especially suitable for machines used in electrical vehicles (EVs), as they represent a tradeoff between electromagnetic performance and the consumption of high-priced rare-earth permanent magnets (PM). In this paper, magnetic pole equivalence and performance analyses of the MLFB-CP-PMSM are investigated. Firstly, three types of PM arrangements of combined poles are introduced, namely, parallel, series and series–parallel. Then, the magnetic circuit model and magnetic pole equivalence principle of MLFB-CP-PMSMs with different PM arrangements are analyzed. After that, the accuracy of the equivalence method is studied by comparing the machine electromagnetic performance before and after equivalence. Finally, the MLFB-CP-PMSM’s performance, including the loss, efficiency and electromagnetic torque, is analyzed. The results prove that the MLFB-CP-PMSM has the advantage of high efficiency, and the equivalence method can retain precision when the MLFB-CP-PMSM armature reaction degree varies.
Um olhar para a disciplina curricular Cultura Digital do Novo Ensino Médio: a relação das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação e o Ensino de Física

No cenário atual, uma das principais habilidades requeridas pelos sujeitos diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para melhor utilização das tecnologias digitais, que têm demonstrado um grande potencial no desenvolvimento da sociedade. Na busca de alternativas formativas para o âmbito da Educação Básica, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) inseriu uma nova disciplina curricular, denominada Cultura e Tecnologias Digitais, ou Cultura Digital. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo principal investigar a nova disciplina curricular Cultura Digital, inserida nas escolas estaduais no contexto do novo Ensino Médio. Para a realização deste estudo, baseamo-nos nas diretrizes presentes no Referencial Curricular Gaúcho e na BNCC do Ensino Médio, documentos oficiais desse contexto. Especificamente, desenvolveu-se uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL), investigando as publicações dos periódicos nacionais de melhor avaliação no Qualis CAPES da grande área Ensino, com foco em publicações nas subáreas de Ensino de Física e Educação em Ciências. A análise dos dados obtidos foi realizada a partir das cinco etapas de investigação descritas por Yin [21]. Podemos concluir no sentido da importância da implantação da disciplina Cultura Digital em todas as modalidades de Ensino, devido ao fato de potencializar a construção do conhecimento através do auxílio das tecnologias. A implementação da Cultura Digital desperta e motiva o interesse dos alunos nas atividades associadas às práticas educativas, por meio das tecnologias. Nesse âmbito, cabe ao professor atuar como mediador de conhecimentos por meio da integração das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC), fomentando um processo de ensino e aprendizagem que faça sentido ao estudante. Ademais, como essa disciplina foi recentemente introduzida em sala de aula, entende-se necessário um estudo mais aprofundado, debatendo a opinião da escola, dos professores, dos alunos e da comunidade que estão atreladas à sua implementação, no sentido de identificar os avanços e obstáculos nesse âmbito e, a partir daí, buscar caminhos e possibilidades de promover a qualidade da integração da mesma.
Comparison of olopatadine with ketotifen for allergic conjunctivitis: a meta-analysis study

Introduction Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common non-traumatic extraocular inflammatory diseases. Aim The comparison of olopatadine with ketotifen remains elusive for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, and this meta-analysis aims to explore the impact of olopatadine versus ketotifen on treatment efficacy for allergic conjunctivitis. Material and methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched, and we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of olopatadine versus ketotifen on efficacy in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Results Overall, compared with ketotifen intervention for allergic conjunctivitis, olopatadine intervention was associated with substantially lower hyperaemia (mean difference (MD) = –0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) = –1.24 to –0.30; p = 0.001), but demonstrated no significant impact on itching, tearing or papillae. Conclusions These suggested that olopatadine may be more effective to relieve the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis than ketotifen.
The Gleason-Kahane-Zelazko theorem and Ransford's generalised spectra

Nous proposons ici une extension, pour les spectres de Ransford, du theoreme de Gleason-Kahane-Zelazko sur les proprietes multiplicatives des selections lineaires du spectre et une generalisation d'un theoreme de Kowalski et Slodkowski. Nous remplacons aussi une condition geometrique de Zalduendo qui intervient dans la construction d'une theorie de Gelfand en l'absence de multiplication
Progress in research on relay protection of the power system with large-scale wind power access

: This paper explores the relay protection of the power grid with large-scale wind power access across the globe. First, the amplitude and attenuation characteristics of short circuit current in different types of wind turbines are analyzed, as well as the contributing factors to short-circuit current in wind farms. Second, the fault characteristics and corresponding protection strategies of the collector circuit in the wind power plant are discussed. Then, in view of the adaptability of HVDC protection to the grid power with wind power access, the performance of zero-sequence protection, reclosing and distance III section and the corresponding countermeasures are analyzed. Finally, suggestions for the directions of further research are proposed: strengthening research on fault characteristics of wind turbines; performing general electromagnetic transient modeling of wind turbines for protection; developing new principles and technologies of network protection applicable to protection of wind farm collector buses and networks; and strengthening collaborations between wind farms and power grids in protection and control to solve the problems in relay protection.
Resident parasitoids associated with Drosophilidae in Michigan tart cherry orchards and woodland edges

Knowledge of the distribution and abundance of resident parasitoid species of Drosophila flies constitutes an important base for developing and implementing a biological control program for Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an invasive pest that attacks ripening thin-skinned wild and cultivated berries and stone fruits. For this purpose, a field survey was conducted to identify the parasitoid community associated with D. suzukii infested sites in tart cherry orchards and woodlots in west, northwest, and central Michigan. Sentinel traps baited with D. suzukii larvae and pupae in banana slices were deployed in the center of tart cherry orchards, in woodlots adjacent to tart cherry orchards, and in woodlots isolated from any known commercial host of D. suzukii . Traps were placed from the beginning of July to the end of October 2021. Three parasitoid species that are known to use drosophilids as hosts were recovered from these traps. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Leptopilina boulardi Barbotin, Carton & Keiner-Pillault (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) emerged from the infested bananas. Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson) was collected as an adult in a sentinel trap. Among these wasps, only P. vindemiae successfully parasitized D. suzukii pupae in the laboratory. This pupal parasitoid was abundant and widely distributed in both cherry orchards and woodlots. The highest number of P. vindemiae was collected from orchards, followed by woodlots adjacent to orchards, with woodlots without nearby cultivated fruit having the lowest detections. These findings suggest that future release of augmentative or classical biological control agents for D. suzukii could be successful in orchards post-harvest to control late-season populations of this pest.
A review of data representation formats for intelligent computing with emphasis on POSITs

Data representation is the foundation in computing. Starting from Abacus to Super Computers the representation of data decides the complexity (in terms of processing time, speed, architecture of the system, area, software, memory footprint and energy consumption) of the device built upon it. To maintain consistency in results and compatibility across devices, data representation formats are standardized and globally accepted by both hardware and software developers though the research still continues. As computations become complex, when we start moving towards imparting intelligence to machines, the need for new data formats arises and the older ones need to evolve. The significance of data representation formats kindled the need for an investigation. This study is aimed at throwing light on the impact and hence the evolution of data representation formats from simple Computation to Deep Learning based applications. This paper briefs on the floating point data representation which is supported by almost every device at present along with the limitations it impose on designers and a detailed study of the evolution of data representation formats emphasizing the significant features of Posit formats. Our work is a systematic review of various computing techniques used for deep learning systems along with the green trans-precision computing frameworks which is recently emerging. An Analysis of the dynamic range of different posit sizes and IEEE floats is made and the review results confirm that Posits follow a tapered accuracy and flexible number of regime and fraction bits which open up opportunities for trans-precision computing systems.