Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Content Analysis to Investigate 21st Century Skills in Learning Outcomes of High School Biology Course Curriculum

21st century skills combine accessing information and employing it in solving problems faced in daily life, employing advanced thinking skills, working with others in harmony, effectively using technology, and being aware of global and local economic and social events. Parallel to recent educational trends in the world and in accordance with the 21st century skills, curricula in many countries have gone through substantial changes. There is an obvious need to determine how compatible learning outcomes of course curricula are with the 21st century skills. The objective of this study is to analyze learning outcomes of high school biology course curriculum within the framework of 21st century skills. The data were collected through document analysis and analyzed by the content analysis methods. In the study, each learning outcome and explanations in the biology course curriculum was analyzed in terms of their compatibility within the framework of the basic 21st century skills and related sub-skills. Results have shown that learning outcomes of the biology course curriculum are in accordance with the 21st century skills, but the distribution of the 21st century skills show different distribution (learning and innovation skills, 59%; media and technology skills, 23%; life and career skills, 18%), within the curriculum. There is no study in the literature that covers all grade levels and 21st century skills for the biology courses at the high school. This work intends to fill this gap. Received: 2 December 2023 / Accepted: 16 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024
The potential of circHIPK3 as a biomarker in chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by leukocytosis and left shift. The primary molecular alteration is the BCR::ABL1, chimeric oncoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity, responsible for the initial oncogenesis of the disease. Therapy of CML was revolutionized with the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but it is still not considered curative and may present resistance and serious adverse effects. Discoveries in CML inaugurated a new era in cancer treatment and despite all the advances, a new biomarker is needed to detect resistance and adverse effects. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special type of non-coding RNA formed through a process called backsplicing. The majority of circRNAs are derived from protein-coding genes. CircHIPK3 is formed from the second exon of the HIPK3 gene and has been found in various pathologies, including different types of cancer. New approaches have demonstrated the potential of circular RNAs in cancer research, and circHIPK3 has shown promising results. It is often associated with cellular regulatory pathways, suggesting an important role in the molecular dynamics of tumors. The identification of biomarkers is an important tool for therapeutic improvement; thus we review the role of circHIPK3 and its potential as a biomarker in CML.
Hypothermia Inhibits Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contractions in Isolated Rat Aortae

Dexmedetomidine is widely used to induce sedation in the perioperative period. This study examined the effect of hypothermia (33 and 25 °C) on dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in an endothelium-intact aorta with or without the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In addition, the effect of hypothermia on the contraction induced by dexmedetomidine in an endothelium-denuded aorta with or without a calcium-free Krebs solution was examined. The effects of hypothermia on the protein kinase C (PKC), myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation, and Rho-kinase membrane translocation induced by dexmedetomidine were examined. Hypothermia inhibited dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the endothelium-intact aorta with L-NAME or endothelium-denuded aorta. Hypothermia had almost no effect on the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the endothelium-denuded aorta with the calcium-free Krebs solution; however, the subsequent contraction induced by the addition of calcium was inhibited by hypothermia. Conversely, the transition from profound hypothermia back to normothermia reversed the hypothermia-induced inhibition of subsequent calcium-induced contractions. Hypothermia inhibited any contraction induced by KCl, PDBu, and NaF, as well as PKC and MLC20 phosphorylation and Rho-kinase membrane translocation induced by dexmedetomidine. These results suggest that hypothermia inhibits dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, which is mediated mainly by the impediment of calcium influx and partially by the attenuation of pathways involving PKC and Rho-kinase activation.
Examensarbete LITH-ITN-MT-EX-- 2002 / 19-- SE Visualising the Visual Behaviour of Vehicle Drivers

Most traffic accidents are caused by human factors. The design of the driver environment has proven essential to facilitate safe driving. With the advent of new devices such as mobile telephones, GPS-navigation and similar systems the workload on the driver has been even more complicated. There is an obvious need for tools supporting objective evaluation of such systems, in order to design more effective and simpler driver environments. At the moment video is the most used technique for capturing the drivers visual behaviour. But the analysis of these recordings is very time consuming and only give an estimate of where the visual attention is. An automated tool for analysing visual behaviour would minimize the post processing drastically and leave more time for understanding the data. In this thesis the development of a tool for visualising where the driver’s attention is while driving the vehicle. This includes methods for playing back data stored on a hard drive, but also methods for joining data from multiple different sources.
Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Study of Dawkinsia filamentosa and Pethia nigrofasciata Mitochondrial Genomes

Smiliogastrinae are recognized for their high nutritional and ornamental value. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to acquire the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Dawkinsia filamentosa and Pethia nigrofasciata. The gene composition and arrangement order in these species were similar to those of typical vertebrates, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 non-coding region. The mitochondrial genomes of D. filamentosa and P. nigrofasciata measure 16,598 and 16,948 bp, respectively. Both D. filamentosa and P. nigrofasciata exhibit a significant preference for AT bases and an anti-G bias. Notably, the AT and GC skew values of the ND6 gene fluctuated markedly, suggesting that the selection and mutation pressures on this gene may differ from those affecting other genes. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the complete mitochondrial genomes of 23 Cyprinidae fishes, revealed that D. filamentosa is closely related to the sister group comprising Dawkinsia denisonii and Sahyadria chalakkudiensis. Similarly, P. nigrofasciata forms a sister group with Pethia ticto and Pethia stoliczkana.
HUMAN-WILD MAMMAL CONFLICT IN A HUMAN DOMINATED MIDHILL LANDSCAPE: A CASE STUDY FROM PANCHASE AREA IN CHITWAN ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE, NEPAL

Issues of human wildlife conflict (HWC) always challenges in conservation and management. Crop raiding, property damage, livestock depredation and human casualties are the most common forms of conflict. It was investigated the issues of human wild mammal conflict in and around the Panchase area in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape of Nepal from March 2017 to April 2018 using semi-structured questionnaires and focal group discussion. Wide spread human wildlife conflict was observed in Panchase area. Monkey, muntjac deer, porcupine and rabbit were the main crop raider that resulted in total economic loss of US$ 29.56 per household (HH). Overall economic loss by livestock depredation was estimated US$ 11254.54 (US$ 112.54/HH). Leopard contributed to the highest cases of livestock depredation. A total of five human attack cases were recorded including one fatal and four injuries. Himalayan black bear contributed to 80 % of the total attacks and 20 % by leopards. Present study focused on the issues and status of conflicts in the Panchase area, a representative of midhills and Chitwan Annapurana Landscape. This study suggests that future study related to mitigation and preventing methods should be conducted to minimize the issues of human wildlife conflicts.
A Perspective on E-workers’ Preferences and Experiences: A Case Study

The year 2020 transformed the world of work. The authors considered it essential to determine how this form of work operates. The main purpose of this study was to understand the impact of e-work on employees as well as on their preferences and experiences. We aimed to identify the preferences and experiences of e-workers from a number of European Union countries working in a multicultural Greek company. We used an online survey, and 182 employees participated in the study. This paper answers three research questions: Is there a positive or negative relationship in the perception of the e-working model among e-employees (in terms of age, gender, level of education and parental status)? What do e-employees lose or gain when working remotely (in terms of age, gender, level of education and parental status)? And is e-working a blessing or a burden? The results showed there is no one-size-fits-all model, as it is driven by organisational culture and employees’ demands. The data show both positive and negative experiences. Perceived age, gender, education and parental status mediated the relationship between e-work and various variables and sub-variables. The major implication of the findings is that increasing e-work in the workplace may be an efficient way to work, because we collected and analysed data quantitatively to inform experience of the real experiences of e-workers. Received: 25 November 2023 / Accepted: 14 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024
Trends in health inequalities in childhood and adolescence in Germany: Results of the HBSC study 2009/10 – 2022

Background Many studies have identified health inequalities in childhood and adolescence. However, it is unclear how these have developed in recent years, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Analyses are based on the German data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from 2009/10 (n = 5,005), 2013/14 (n = 5,961), 2017/18 (n = 4,347), and 2022 (n = 6,475). A total of 21,788 students aged approximately between 11 and 15 years were included. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Several health indicators were analysed stratified by gender using bivariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results In 2022, there are clear socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction, self-rated health, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity. These inequalities remained largely constant or increased between 2009/10 and 2022. Between 2017/18 and 2022, no significant changes in inequalities were found. Conclusions Health inequalities are persistent and reduce the chances of growing up healthy. There is no evidence that inequalities in the analysed outcomes have changed during the pandemic period (between 2017/18 and 2022). Rather, the changes in the health indicators seem to affect all adolescents in a similar way.
Omniscience errors in mental state reasoning

Young children make systematic mistakes when reasoning about what other agents know and believe -- mature mental state reasoning emerges around late childhood. We describe a novel class of errors that adult reasoners make when considering information about the mental states of others. Participants in two studies reasoned about common conditional reasoning inferences couched in terms of an agent’s knowledge or belief, e.g., Alia knows that if it’s rainy then the café is closed; It’s rainy . What follows? They generated their responses using a novel sentence construction interface. Many participants spontaneously generated responses such as, Alia knows that the café is closed . This pattern reflects an “omniscience” error, i.e., one in which reasoners erroneously impute knowledge of a deductive consequence to an agent. We discuss the results in the context of recent proposals on epistemic inference.
A global multilevel coordinate search procedure for estimating the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties

We present a new inverse modeling procedure to characterize the hydraulic properties of partially saturated soils from soil moisture measurements during a natural transient flow experiment. The inversion of the governing one‐dimensional Richards equation is carried out using the Global Multilevel Coordinate Search optimization algorithm in sequential combination with the local Nelder‐Mead Simplex algorithm (GMCS‐NMS). We introduce this optimization method in the area of unsaturated zone hydrology since it is adapted for solving accurately and efficiently complex nonlinear problems. Several numerical experiments have been conducted to evaluate the proposed inversion method using synthetic error‐free and error‐contaminated data for different textured soils. Inversion of the simulated error‐free data and examination of the related response surfaces demonstrated the uniqueness of the inverse solution and the suitability of the GMCS‐NMS strategy when identifying four key parameters of the hydraulic functions described by the Mualem‐van Genuchten model. Inversion of the error‐contaminated data proved further the good stability of the inverse solution that is consistent with the needs required by real experiments.
The Relationship Between Rehabilitation Therapists’ Attitudes Towards Individuals With Disabilities and Job Burnout: An Empirical Investigation

Background and Objectives: This research aims to explore the interplay between rehabilitation therapists’ attitudes toward people with disabilities and their job burnout. Methods: The study population included all rehabilitation therapists in Tehran Province, Iran, in 2022, working in both public and private sectors. A sample of 261 therapists was selected using a quota sampling technique. The disability attitude questionnaire was employed to gauge attitudes towards individuals with disabilities, while therapists’ job burnout was evaluated using the Maslach burnout inventory. The therapists were approached through both in-person and online visits. Hypotheses were tested using correlation coefficients, linear regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results revealed a significant negative relationship between job burnout and its dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) with attitudes towards individuals with disabilities. Additionally, a negative and significant relationship was observed between job burnout and the variables of age, and work experience, while a positive and significant relationship was found with the variable of weekly working hours. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship was observed between attitudes and the variables of age and work experience, while a negative and significant association was detected with weekly working hours. Occupational therapists exhibited more favorable attitudes compared to other rehabilitation groups. Physiotherapists displayed the highest burnout levels among the various rehabilitation disciplines. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of integrating strategies to enhance rehabilitation therapists’ attitudes and alleviate burnout into the strategic planning initiatives of the Ministry of Health. Furthermore, efforts to reduce the work hours of rehabilitation therapists should be prioritized.
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

1 In this study, the influence of physical efforts on occurrence of match injury in a 2 professional soccer club was investigated. Computerised motion-analysis was used to 3 measure the physical efforts of players during 10 injury situations. Total distance and 4 those covered at different movement intensities were measured across the 5-minute 5 period preceding injury. If the final run preceding injury involved a high-intensity 6 action (HIA), the distance, duration and speed of the effort and the recovery time 7 between this and the penultimate HIA were measured. To determine the influence of 8 these physical efforts, the results were compared to a normative profile for players 9 computed from data across 5 games for the same variables; habitual distances covered 10 over a 5-minute period and characteristics of and recovery time between HIA. 11 Compared to the normative profile, no differences were reported in physical 12 characteristics during the period leading up to injury or for HIA although the latter were 13 substantially higher in intensity (duration and distance). A lower than normal recovery 14 time between HIA prior to injury was observed (35.6±16.8 s versus 98.8±17.5 s, 15 p=0.003). Within the limitations of the small sample, these findings may aid in further 16 understanding injury and physical performance in elite soccer. 17
Early Repolarization: Electrocardiographic Phenotypes Associated With Favorable Long-Term Outcome

Previous reports have characterized inferior early repolarization (ER) as a harbinger of increased risk for sudden death. In the present study, the investigators analyzed ER from 12-lead ECGs of 10 864 randomly selected middle-aged subjects and tested the hypothesis that variations in the ST-segment characteristics after the ER waveforms may have prognostic importance. The novel observations from the present community-based study suggest that ER with rapidly ascending ST segment in inferior or lateral leads of a 12-lead ECG, which is frequently observed in young healthy athletes, is a benign variant, similar to that observed in leads V1–V3, at least in middle-aged subjects. Subjects with this ECG pattern should not be profiled as high risk, and would not require specific cardiovascular evaluations or treatment if they are asymptomatic without a family history of sudden cardiac death or serious arrhythmias. In contrast, a specific ER pattern in inferior leads of a standard 12-lead ECG with a horizontal/descending ST segment appears to be associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic death and a high amplitude of J-point elevation increases the risk even further. The pathogenesis, background, and treatment of such subjects with high-amplitude ER and horizontal/ downsloping ST segment warrant further research. See p 2666.
Explore the Performance of Receiver Algorithm in OTFS Based on DNN

In high mobility communication scenarios, the frequency dispersion will destroy the orthogonality of subcarriers in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems and cause Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI). Instead, Orthogonal Time Frequency and Space (OTFS) modulation shows excellent performance in high mobility cases and can eﬀectively counter ICI caused by Doppler shift. Previous OTFS receiver algorithms divide the receiver into diﬀerent modules and design the schemes separately, making it diﬃcult to achieve the optimum global performance of the whole receiver. In this paper, a data-driven OTFS receiver based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) is presented, which can jointly consider multiple tasks of the OTFS receiver. In addition, the leaky Rectiﬁed Linear Unit (leaky ReLU) is applied as the activation function to replace the ReLU, which can improve the accuracy of DNN. After the training process, the proposed data-driven OTFS receiver based on DNN can directly recover the initially transmitted data without explicit channel estimation. Moreover, the proposed OTFS receiver based on DNN can eﬀectively counter channel distortion, which achieves good robustness for the variation of channel parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed data-driven OTFS receiver with DNN can achieve better performance than traditional methods.
Forecasting the Trafﬁc Flow by Using ARIMA and LSTM Models: Case of Muhima Junction

: Trafﬁc operation efﬁciency is greatly impacted by the increase in travel demand and the increase in vehicle ownership. The continued increase in trafﬁc demand has rendered the importance of controlling trafﬁc, especially at intersections. In general, the inefﬁciency of trafﬁc scheduling leads to trafﬁc congestion, resulting in a rise in fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, and poor quality of service. Various methods for time series forecasting have been proposed for adaptive and remote trafﬁc control. The prediction of trafﬁc has attracted profound attention for improving the reliability and efﬁciency of trafﬁc ﬂow scheduling while reducing congestion. Therefore, in this work, we studied the problem of the current trafﬁc situation at Muhima Junction one of the busiest junctions in Kigali city. Future trafﬁc rates were forecasted by employing long short-term memory (LSTM) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, respectively. Both the models’ performance criteria for adequacy were the mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The results revealed that LSTM is the best-ﬁtting model for monthly trafﬁc ﬂow prediction. Within this analysis, we proposed an adaptive trafﬁc ﬂow prediction that builds on the features of vehicle-to-infrastructure communication and the Internet of Things (IoT) to control trafﬁc while enhancing the quality of service at the junctions. The real-time actuation of trafﬁc-responsive signal control can be assured when real-time trafﬁc-based signal actuation is reliable.
The Zero-Interest-Rate Bound and the Role of the Exchange Rate for Monetary Policy in Japan ∗ , † Günter Coenen European Central Bank

In this paper we study the role of the exchange rate in conducting monetary policy in an economy with near-zero nominal interest rates as experienced in Japan since the mid-1990s. Our analysis is based on an estimated model of Japan, the United States and the euro area with rational expectations and nominal rigidities. First, we provide a quantitative analysis of the impact of the zero bound on the effectiveness of interest rate policy in Japan in terms of stabilizing output and inflation. Then we evaluate three concrete proposals that focus on depreciation of the currency as a way to ameliorate the effect of the zero bound and evade a potential liquidity trap. Finally, we investigate the international consequences of these proposals. JEL Classification System: E31, E52, E58, E61