Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Doctors Just Say “Rest and Take Ibuprofen”’

While sociologists have confirmed that athletes normalize illness and injury, there remains limited research into the practices of sports medicine. A two-year ethnographic study of female rowers shows that medical support for these athletes was both insufficient and inadequate. The rowers experienced a lack of medical care, and several had stories to tell of incompetent diagnoses and over-reliance on drug prescription. Many of the women turned to non-orthodox health care, which has been considered more ‘feminine’ than orthodox practices, and also empowering in terms of the active involvement of the client in the treatment process. This article critically evaluates the extent to which non-orthodox care is an authentic ‘alternative’ to traditional medical approaches, and the contention that such treatment facilitates the continued presentation of self as both ‘athlete’ and ‘female’ at a time when these identities are challenged by the injury or illness experience.
Coding of Road Information for Automated Highways

This paper discusses coding of road information in a lateral reference system using magnetic markers designed for Automated Highway Systems ( AHS). The coding is utilized to communicate road information such as up- coming road geometry or lane merges/diverges from the roadway infrastructure to AHS vehicles. The work presented here is based on experiences with the preparation of the I-15 test track near San Diego, CA, for the National AHS Consortium demonstration in 1997. Information about road features was encoded into the magnets used as a lateral reference system for automatic steering control by exploiting binary polarity coding.
You can lead a horse to water: physicians' responses to clinical reminders.

BACKGROUND Meaningful use of health information technology (HIT) requires the use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS). However, the effectiveness of CDSS depends on physician compliance with clinical reminders which is known to be highly variable. Our objective was to evaluate physician adherence to clinical reminders from a CDSS designed to maximize features known to improve practice. METHODS We evaluated physicians' compliance with clinical reminders generated by the Child Health Improvement through Computer Automation (CHICA) system, a pediatric CDSS that generates scannable paper forms that are completed by patients, staff and physicians during routine care. The forms provide tailored reminders and collect coded clinical data during routine care. We examined CHICA's database to assess the rates of response by patients and physicians to questions and reminders generated by the system. Results showed that while patients answered, on average, 60.6% of 1,351,896 questions generated by the system over 5 years, physicians responded to only 42.9% of 343,949 alerts and reminders over the same period of time. Response rates appeared to be inversely related to both the complexity and sensitivity of the topic. DISCUSSION Poor physician adherence to clinical reminders in this optimized system reduces effectiveness of the system and poses some liability issues. Strategies to alert physicians to the reminders of highest import are needed.
Intramyocellular lipids of muscle type in athletes of different sport disciplines

The present study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to examine quantitative differences in intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) contents in various muscle types at rest for individual athletes from different sport disciplines. Five groups consisting of sprinters, alpine skiers, cross-country skiers, endurance runners and untrained healthy male subjects volunteered for this study. Data were acquired using 1H-MRS from the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) muscles. No significant difference was found in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the TA, MG and SOL muscles, whereas the CSA of subcutaneous fat was significantly lower (p<0.01) for each athlete group compared with untrained subjects. In both TA and MG, IMCL concentrations in endurance runners were significantly higher than those of alpine skiers (p<0.01), sprinters (p<0.01) and untrained subjects (p<0.05). The IMCL concentrations in TA and MG of cross-country skiers were significantly higher than those of alpine skiers (p<0.05) and sprinters (TA, p<0.01; MG, p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the IMCL concentrations of TA and MG between alpine skiers or sprinters and untrained subjects. The IMCL concentration in SOL was significantly greater in endurance runners and showed no difference in cross-country skiers compared with that in alpine skiers and sprinters. There was no significant difference in the IMCL concentration of SOL between athletes and untrained subjects. These results suggest that differences in IMCL contents stored in various muscle types for athletes at rest are associated with the muscle cellular adaptation for differences in the type of exercise training and/or muscle fiber composition.
Visual operations involved in within-figure processing

Abstract Six experiments utilizing variations on an inside-outside decision task revealed that increases in the distance separating two target locations within a figure produced longer response times. This distance effect was attenuated or eliminated when the inside of the figure was coloured physically but not when the figure was presented well in advance of the target dots. These results suggest the use of a between-dot scanning operation for uncoloured figures and an indexing procedure for coloured figures. The best predictor of the distance effect was associated with a scanning process based on a zoom-lens model of curve tracing in which processing speed of the operator is proportional to the width of the scanned within-figure path.
Phone Conversation while Processing Information: Chronometric Analysis of Load Effects in Everyday-media Multitasking

This is a pilot study that examined the effect of cell-phone conversation on cognition using a continuous multitasking paradigm. Current theorizing argues that phone conversation affects behavior (e.g., driving) by interfering at a level of cognitive processes (not peripheral activity) and by implying an attentional-failure account. Within the framework of an intermittent spare–utilized capacity threading model, we examined the effect of aspects of (secondary-task) phone conversation on (primary-task) continuous arithmetic performance, asking whether phone use makes components of automatic and controlled information-processing (i.e., easy vs. hard mental arithmetic) run more slowly, or alternatively, makes processing run less reliably albeit with the same processing speed. The results can be summarized as follows: While neither expecting a text message nor expecting an impending phone call had any detrimental effects on performance, active phone conversation was clearly detrimental to primary-task performance. Crucially, the decrement imposed by secondary-task (conversation) was not due to a constant slowdown but is better be characterized by an occasional breakdown of information processing, which differentially affected automatic and controlled components of primary-task processing. In conclusion, these findings support the notion that phone conversation makes individuals not constantly slower but more vulnerable to commit attention failure, and in this way, hampers stability of (primary-task) information processing.
New image-quality measure based on wavelets

We present an innovative approach to the objective quality evaluation that could be computed using the mean difference between the original and tested images in different wavelet subbands. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) subband decomposition properties are similar to human visual system characteristics facilitating integration of DWT into image-quality evaluation. DWT decomposition is done with multiresolution analysis of a signal that allows us to decompose a signal into approximation and detail subbands. DWT coefficients were computed using reverse biorthogonal spline wavelet filter banks. Wavelet coefficients are used to compute new image-quality measure (IQM). IQM is defined as perceptual weighted difference between coefficients of original and degraded image.
Qualitative Secondary Analysis in Austere Times: Ethical, Professional and Methodological Considerations

Recent debates in qualitative secondary analysis (QSA) have sought to move beyond polarising arguments in order to develop more nuanced perspectives on the epistemological, analytical and practical opportunities and challenges associated with its methods. This is generally to be welcomed, although there are also signs of unhelpful primary/secondary divisions finding new forms of expression. Focusing on definitional issues and wider contexts of QSA helps to explain the possible sources of ongoing tensions while affording tentative insights into potential opportunities and synergies across the primary/secondary spectrum. Building on work undertaken within the Timescapes Qualitative Longitudinal study, the article also highlights some under-examined costs and risks that may come along with new opportunities created by secondary analysis. Issues of over-privileging secondary analysis claims, making and the timing of qualitative secondary analysis are foregrounded as requiring further consideration if researchers are to take seriously lingering suspicions and fears about qualitative secondary analysis and not dismiss them as simply reactionary or self-serving. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1301181
Technological Innovation and Theoretical Functions of Primary Groups and Bureaucratic Structures

Bureaucratic structures are ideally suited to deal with problems requiring technical knowledge or large-scale capital investments. Primary group structures are most able to handle problems requiring little thechnical knowledge, for example, where knowledge is so simple the ordinary person can do it as well as the expert, where knowledge is lacking so experts cannot be trained, where knowledge is so complex it cannot be put together in time to meke a decision. In principle, technology is as likely to take tasks now handled by experts and simplify them so the ordinary person can deal with them as it is to take tasks now handled by ordinary individuals and show how they can be more effectively handled by experts. Therefore, in principle, technology is not likely, after its first stage, to reduce functions of either the primary group or the bureaucracy. More characteristic will be stress on continous change.
Active identification of unknown systems: an information theoretic approach

The problem of identifying the value of a set of a priori unknown parameters of a discrete-time dynamic system is faced. To this end, a control law that minimizes the "information gain" about such parameters is required. The Shannon entropy is proposed (and justified) as a suitable information measure. After formulating the general statement of the problem, a viable approximation consisting in formulating a receding horizon problem is proposed. When the measurement channel is linear in the parameters, the optimal solution of the latter is given involving the minimization of a (finite dimensional) cost at each step.
Proteome mapping of the Drosophila melanogaster male reproductive system

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model organism for studying insect reproductive biology. Although the gene expression profiles of both male and female reproductive organs have been studied in detail, their proteomic profiles and functional characteristics largely remained to be clarified. In this study, we conducted proteome mapping of the male internal reproductive organs using 2‐DE. We identified a total of 440 protein components from gels of the male reproductive organs (testis, seminal vesicle, accessory gland, ejaculatory duct, and ejaculatory bulb). A number of proteins associated with odorant/pheromone‐binding, lipid metabolism, proteolysis, and antioxidation were expressed tissue specifically in the male reproductive system. Based on our proteomic data set, we constructed reference proteome maps of the reproductive organs, which will provide valuable information toward a comprehensive understanding of Drosophila reproduction.
Using objective words in the reviews to improve the colloquial arabic sentiment analysis

One of the main difficulties in sentiment analysis of the Arabic language is the presence of the colloquialism. In this paper, we examine the effect of using objective words in conjunction with sentimental words on sentiment classification for the colloquial Arabic reviews, specifically Jordanian colloquial reviews. The reviews often include both sentimental and objective words, however, the most existing sentiment analysis models ignore the objective words as they are considered useless. In this work, we created two lexicons: the first includes the colloquial sentimental words and compound phrases, while the other contains the objective words associated with values of sentiment tendency based on a particular estimation method. We used these lexicons to extract sentiment features that would be training input to the Support Vector Machines (SVM) to classify the sentiment polarity of the reviews. The reviews dataset have been collected manually from JEERAN website. The results of the experiments show that the proposed approach improves the polarity classification in comparison to two baseline models, with accuracy 95.6%.
Transformerless Hybrid Topology for Medium-Voltage Reactive-Power Compensation

In this paper, natural sinusoidal hybrid converter is presented for medium-voltage reactive-power control applications. Main high-voltage inverter that produces fundamental reactive current is a square-wave inverter. Several single-phase full-bridge converters are connected in series with this square inverter to eliminate harmonic voltages from the net output voltage of this hybrid converter. DC bus voltages of these cells are naturally controlled. Two different switching strategies are proposed for these series cells in this paper-one is pulse width modulation (PWM) type and the other is non-PWM type. Dc bus voltage of main high-voltage inverter is varied to have variable reactive power. Finally, experimental results are produced here to validate this hybrid topology and its proposed control strategies from a scale-down proto model.
What is Special about Special Education Administration? Considerations for School Leadership

The challenge for school administrators is to direct system-wide initiatives that redefine leadership in ways that support the use of proven practices and link administrative interventions to increased educational achievement for each student who has a disability and for all the students who are in their charge. Leadership that embraces evidence-based practices promises new opportunities for collecting and using data related to student achievement, and determining which leadership practices contribute toward positive student outcomes. Responsive administrative interventions that support teaching and learning, system-wide progress monitoring, and collaborative problem-solving, are suggested as methods for promoting effective school outcomes for all students. This discussion proposes that administrators who organize teams to implement responsive leadership interventions, strategies for system-wide progress monitoring, and problem-solving, create cultures for data-based decisions that link leadership initiatives to instruction and learning outcomes for students who have disabilities.
General resource management via several message criteria in Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks

Nowadays, according to the mobility and high speed of vehicles, network connectivity is became less in the Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANET). So, end-to-end connectivity is almost impossible. Then, intermittent connectivity and message losing will be occurred. Store-Carry-Forward method is used in the Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTN) to reduce message losing. Storing the message for a long time causes resource overflow. Thus, dynamic resource management by using different message criteria via MCDM will be improved VDTN' performance. In this paper, GABY resource management is proposed. The simulation results such as delivery probability and average latency are illustrated by ONE simulation environment.
Integral-Geometric Formulas for Perimeter in $\S^2$, $\H^2$ and Hilbert Planes

We develop two types of integral formulas for the perimeter of a convex body K in planar geometries. We derive Cauchy-type formulas for perimeter in planar Hilbert geometries. Specializing to H 2 we get a formula that appears to be new. In the projective model of H 2 we have P = 1 R w d'. Here w is the Euclidean length of the projection of K from the ideal boundary point R = (cos',sin') onto the diametric line perpendicular to the radial line to R (the image of K may contain points outside the model). We show that the standard Cauchy formula P = R sinhr d! in H 2 follows, where ! is a central angle perpendicular to a support line and r is the distance to the support line. The Minkowski formula P = Rg� 2 din E 2 generalizes to P = 1 4�2
THE ‘REFLECTIVE CAPACITY’ OF PROFESSIONS CONFRONTED BY INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION

ABSTRACT This paper is devoted to the regulation of architectural activity in Europe and especially in France and to the ways architects manage this regulation. The globalization of this activity has generated a strong consciousness that supranational regulation is necessary, both among architects’ professional associations and in governments. One of the main difficulties is the differences in the division of labour from one country to another. But European regulation supposes that national states will implement the directives into national law. France is an example of the lightest possible adaptation. This is all the more surprising as the architectural profession in France is characterized by structural weaknesses to resist international competition and as the administration is willing to help it adapt to this competition. The history of trade unionism and the structure of representation explain some of the difficulties because of a particular trait of the architectural profession: what I call a weak ‘reflective capacity’. The paper is partly devoted to defining this notion and showing its relevance for the sociological analysis of professions. This weakness encourages individual strategies of adaptation to increasing international competition, without the professional associations and their representatives being able to control these strategies and their consequences for the profession. This demonstrates that the various sources of regulation are not exclusive and must be studied together so as to understand their interrelations.
Pretreatment: the key to unlocking low‐cost cellulosic ethanol

New transportation fuels are badly needed to reduce our heavy dependence on imported oil and to reduce the release of greenhouse gases that cause global climate change; cellulosic biomass is the only inexpensive resource that can be used for sustainable production of the large volumes of liquid fuels that our transportation sector has historically favored. Furthermore, biological conversion of cellulosic biomass can take advantage of the power of biotechnology to take huge strides toward making biofuels cost competitive. Ethanol production is particularly well suited to marrying this combination of need, resource, and technology. In fact, major advances have already been realized to competitively position cellulosic ethanol with corn ethanol. However, although biotechnology presents important opportunities to achieve very low costs, pretreatment of naturally resistant cellulosic materials is essential if we are to achieve high yields from biological operations; this operation is projected to be the single, most expensive processing step, representing about 20% of the total cost. In addition, pretreatment has pervasive impacts on all other major operations in the overall conversion scheme from choice of feedstock through to size reduction, hydrolysis, and fermentation, and on to product recovery, residue processing, and co‐product potential. A number of different pretreatments involving biological, chemical, physical, and thermal approaches have been investigated over the years, but only those that employ chemicals currently offer the high yields and low costs vital to economic success. Among the most promising are pretreatments using dilute acid, sulfur dioxide, near‐neutral pH control, ammonia expansion, aqueous ammonia, and lime, with significant differences among the sugar‐release patterns. Although projected costs for these options are similar when applied to corn stover, a key need now is to dramatically improve our knowledge of these systems with the goal of advancing pretreatment to substantially reduce costs and to accelerate commercial applications. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A case study of specification and verification using JML in an avionics application

The literature for deductive formal verification is quite rich; however, very few case studies have been done. The authors present a case study of using deductive formal verification of a navigation system from the avionics domain. Both writing the specifications and their verification with a runtime assertion checker and KEY, a tool using automatic theorem proving techniques for verifying JAVA programs, are covered.
Reversing the Causal Arrow: The Political Conditioning of Economic Perceptions in the 2000–2004 U.S. Presidential Election Cycle

Many economic voting models assume that individual voters’ reactions to incumbents are strongly conditioned by their perceptions of the performance of the macroeconomy. However, the direction of causality between economic perceptions and political preferences is unclear: economic perceptions can be a consequence of incumbent support rather than an influence on it. We develop the latter thesis by examining the dynamic relationship between retrospective economic perceptions and several measures of political preferences—approval, partisanship, and vote—in the 2000–2004 U.S. presidential election cycle using the ANES 2000-2002-2004 panel study to estimate structural equation model extensions of the Anderson and Hsiao estimator for panel data. Our findings confirm that the conventional wisdom misrepresents the relationship between retrospective economic perceptions and incumbent partisanship: economic perceptions are consistently and robustly conditioned by political preferences. Individuals’ economic percepti.
Towards the application of argumentation-based dialogues for education

This paper describes our work constructing a general framework for modeling multi agent interactions in education-related applications. We are motivated to move beyond a traditional scripted model and follow the general trend in human education towards more open, learner-centered, constructivist environments. In order to accomplish this, we need a framework in which to define general types of interactions that can occur between a learner and a tutor, as well as interactions between these agents and their sets of beliefs ¿ not only about the knowledge domain that is the subject of the learning system, but also about each other. In this paper, we describe early work in this direction, which involves using argumentation and extending existing dialogue protocols to allow for various types of tutor-learner interactions.