Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunoexpression of androgen receptor and nine markers of maturation in the testes of adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome: evidence for degeneration of germ cells at the onset of meiosis.

CONTEXT The pathogenesis and mechanisms behind the degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in testes of subjects with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are yet unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this prospective clinical study was to characterize the testicular degeneration process during puberty in boys with KS by describing the immunoexpression of some developmentally regulated markers of testis maturation in relation to serum levels of reproductive hormones. SETTING This study was conducted at a university central hospital pediatric referral endocrinology outpatient clinic. PATIENTS Patients consisted of 14 boys with KS aged 10.1 to 14.0 yr. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcome measures were immunoexpression of germ cell differentiation markers (AP-2gamma, CHK2, OCT-3/4, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4) and androgen action-related proteins [androgen receptor (AR), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), MIC2, inhibin B; alpha- and betaB-subunits] in testicular biopsies of boys with KS in relation to serum reproductive hormone levels. RESULTS In boys with KS, gonocytes differentiated to the spermatogonium stage, but no spermatocytes were visible. Despite this, down-regulation of AMH expression in the Sertoli cells occurred concomitantly with decreasing serum AMH levels. Expression of inhibin alpha- and betaB-subunits appeared in the biopsies even when circulating inhibin B levels were undetectable. In the boys with KS compared with age-matched controls, the proportion of Sertoli cell nuclei expressing AR was smaller and cytoplasmic staining of Sertoli cells was constantly present. CONCLUSIONS We showed with several testis-specific markers in KS that gonocytes differentiate to spermatogonia and that the degeneration of the testes accelerates at the onset of puberty. Altered immunoexpression of AR indicates that a relative androgen deficiency, at least at the testicular level, develops in boys with KS during puberty.
Cigarette smoking and ozone-associated emergency department use for asthma by adults in New York City.

The association between ambient ozone (O3) and hospital use for asthma in children and adults is well documented. The question remains of whether there are susceptible subpopulations of asthmatic individuals who are particularly vulnerable to high O3 levels. Because tobacco use was prevalent in our cohort of inner-city adult asthmatic individuals (n = 1,216) in New York City (NYC), we investigated whether cigarette smoking was an effect modifier for asthma morbidity. We examined the relationship between personal tobacco use and O3-associated emergency department (ED) use for asthma in public hospitals in NYC. Three subpopulations were defined: never smokers (0 pack-yr), heavy smokers (>/= 13 pack-yr) and light smokers (< 13 pack-yr). Time-series regression analysis of ED use for asthma and daily O3 levels was done while controlling for temperature, seasonal/long-term trends, and day-of-week effects. Heavy smokers displayed an increased relative risk (RR) of ED visits for asthma in response to increases in 2-d lagged O3 levels (RR per 50 ppb O3 = 1.72; 95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 2.62). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that heavy cigarette use was a predictor of ED use for asthma following days with high O3 levels. Although adverse health effects of ambient O3 have also been documented in asthma populations not using cigarettes (e.g., children), our results suggest that in adult asthmatic individuals, heavy personal tobacco use may be an effect modifier for O3-associated morbidity.
Identification of early visual evoked potential generators by retinotopic and topographic analyses

This study investigated the cortical sources of the early (50‐250 ms) components of the pattern‐onset visual evoked potential (VEP). VEPs were recorded in response to a small circular checkerboard stimulus that was flashed over a range of visual field positions. Temporally and spatially overlapping VEP components were distinguished by differences in retinotopic sensitivity and scalp topography, and by inverse dipole modeling. The C1 component (50‐80 ms) was found to change its polarity and topography systematically as a function of stimulus position in a manner consistent with the retinotopic organization of the striate cortex. The P1 component (comprised of the P75 and P100 subcomponents) had a time course that overlapped the C1 but could be distinguished from the C1 by its differing topography and reduced sensitivity to stimulus position. The P1 generators were localized to the lateral extrastriate cortex. Inverse dipole models were consistent with these striate and extrastriate source locations for the C1 and P1, respectively. The N1 component (120‐180 ms) was found to originate from several spatially distinct generators that differed in their retinotopic organization. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teaching Approaches and the Development of Responsible Environmental Behaviour: The Case of Hong Kong

Enquiry teaching approaches are widely considered as more useful than didactic approaches for the development of environmentally responsible behaviour. This paper is a report of an empirical study on the validity of this belief with reference to higher-ability and lower- to medium-ability groups drawn from geography classes at the Advanced Level in Hong Kong. The hypotheses were that, taken together, enquiry approaches are more effective than didactic approaches for the development of environmentally responsible behaviour in both the short and long terms for students as a whole, and for students within the same range of academic ability. A quasi-experimental control group design was used for selecting students and classes from schools in the territory. A questionnaire survey and a series of interviews were conducted to collect data about students' behaviour before and after they were taught a people-environment topic with a didactic approach or an enquiry approach. The results suggest that the students on.
Community Coalitions and Grassroots Policies of Empowerment

Foundations and government agencies use community coalitions increasingly as instruments of social policy and program implementation. The rationales and hopes for community coalitions abound with terms such as grassroots, representation, development, and empowerment. This article examines the range and relationship of the conceptual meanings of these terms to explain their consequences on community coalition building. It arranges their differences in conceptual patterns and suggests that community coalitions have their greatest chance of success when their member groups share the same forms of representation and participation and pursue similar forms of empowerment and change. This discussion clarifies the different policy and program purposes that different community coalitions may serve. Thus, the article explains the difficulties with broad coalitions and may assist to make some community coalition building easier and to make all community coalitions more effective.
Genomics of the major histocompatibility complex: haplotypes, duplication, retroviruses and disease

Summary: The genomic region encompassing the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) contains polymorphic frozen blocks which have developed by local imperfect sequential duplication associated with insertion and deletion (indels), In the alpha block surrounding HLA‐A, there are ten duplication units or beads on the 62,1 ancestral haplotype. Each bead contains or contained sequences representing Class 1, PERB11 (MHC Class I chain related (MIC)) and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) 16, Here we consider explanations for co‐occurrence of genomic polymorphism, duplication and HERVs and we ask how these features encode susceptibility to numerous and very diverse diseases. Ancestral haplotypes differ in their copy number and indels in addition to their coding regions. Disease susceptibility could be a function of all of these differences. We propose a model of the evolution of the human MHC. Population‐specific integration of retroviral sequences could explain rapid diversification through duplication and differential disease susceptibility. If HERV sequences can be protective, there are exciting prospects for manipulation. In the mean‐while, it will be necessary to understand the function of MHC genes such as PEKB11 (MIC) and many others discovered by genomic sequencing.
Exploring the right conduct of a manager: insights from Indian management

There has been an active interest in discovering 'Indianness' of Indian management and this can be attained by discovering the roots of our culture. Jaina wisdom and tradition as contributor to the field of Indian management are now being recognised and appreciated for their rich insights applicable to current competitive scenario. In Jaina ethics there is no conflict between man's duty to himself and to society. Here the highest good of society is the highest good of individual. One of the important treatises entitled 'Yoga-sastra' composed by Acharya Hemachandra presents a list of the 35 attributes of an ideal Sravaka or general principles of appropriate conduct. These rules of right or appropriate conduct have been prescribed for Shravakas, i.e., householders or laymen. These rules or principles are termed as Sravaka-gunas, i.e., qualities of an ideal householder. These rules are equally applicable to a manager in corporate context. This paper critically reviews the Marganusari Gunas from managerial perspective to extract nuances of conduct of a manager. The corporate of today can derive from this sutra valuable knowledge about the conduct of a manager or leader. The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of Marganusari Gunas in corporate context.
FimZ Binds the Salmonella typhimurium fimA Promoter Region and May Regulate Its Own Expression with FimY

The FimZ protein, an activator of FimA production in Salmonella typhimurium, acts in conjunction with FimY to facilitate the expression of type 1 fimbriae. The predicted amino acid sequence of FimZ suggests that this protein may be a DNA‐binding protein related to BvgA, a sensory regulator of virulence gene expression in Bordetella pertussis. Purification of FimZ following overexpression of the protein by a strong inducible promoter and gel mobility shift assays confirm that FimZ is a 25‐kDa polypeptide that binds to the promoter region of fimA. The region of DNA protected from DNase I digestion by FimZ binding is located between 47 and 98 nucleotides upstream from the fimA transcription initiation site. This region possesses a pair of 7‐base pair tandem repeats, of which at least one is necessary for FimZ binding. One copy of the 7‐base pair sequence is also located in the fimZ promoter region. In addition, expression from a fimZ‐lacZ reporter construct confirms that FimZ plays a role in its own expression. Both FimZ and FimY are required for high‐level expression of FimZ, which suggests that these two fimbrial proteins are involved in regulating both FimA and FimZ.
Sensitivity analysis for wireless dielectric reflectometry with modulated scatterers

Load-modulated scattering antenna technology has been very efficiently developed these last decades. Low-cost RFID tags for identification and low-invasive Modulated Scattered Technique (MST) probes for EM field measurements constitute two relevant examples. More recently, remote sensing applications of modulated scatterers have been considered. In such applications, the general objective is to remotely retrieve some local property of a material or environment under test via its impact on a modulated scattering probe. This paper is more particularly focused on the case where the sensing mechanism is expected to result from the change of the probe impedance, due to variations of the refractive index in its close vicinity. This problem is usually addressed under empirical and global viewpoints, by combining numerical modeling and optimization. Often, such a blind approach may result in some disappointment. This paper aims to develop a more comprehensive analytical-based approach, thanks to a general reciprocity-based formulation. Inspired from standard reflectometer techniques, the ternary load modulation scheme is shown to remove specific difficulties inherent to wireless reflectometry such as propagation effects or misalignment between the probe and the reader antennas. The test case of center-loaded dipoles is considered for the sake of illustration.
Is there a correlation between ADHD symptom expression between parents and children?

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental health disorders in childhood; symptoms persist into adulthood in a majority of patients. It is among the most heritable of psychiatric disorders with a high risk for familial aggregation and has been linked in adulthood with impairment across a variety of domains, including parenting. Parental gender, ADHD status and symptom expression could be related to the severity of ADHD symptoms in the child. METHODS We used prospective, observational study of clinical group of 30 children with diagnosed ADHD and control group of 37 healthy subjects. Only children with both biological parents available were included. Data on ADHD symptomatology for all subjects was gathered by a set of clinical tools (CBCL1991, TRF1991, WURS, self-report scale modified from DSM IV). Under the assumption that ADHD is a dimensional disorder, raw scores from questionnaires were used as they display the complete range of values. RESULTS Clinical group showed higher values in all areas of children symptomatology, the same was observed for parental ADHD symptomatology. Significant correlation was found between children and paternal current ADHD symptomatology in the clinical group. This was not confirmed for mothers. CONCLUSION Our study stresses an importance of screening for ADHD symptoms in parents of clinically referred children with ADHD as the correlation between severity of paternal and child's ADHD symptoms was confirmed. Our results stress the importance of including the father into the clinical assessment.
A Guideline for Acute Stroke: Evaluation of New Jersey’s Practices

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of processes and guidelines for the patient with acute stroke receiving care in New Jersey acute care hospitals in 2010. Lack of adherence to established protocols for acute ischemic stroke may significantly affect the outcomes of care. The lack of available literature providing evidence of prior practices for stroke care in the state of New Jersey precludes a comparison with current practices. This was a descriptive study utilizing an electronic survey developed by the researcher. A convenience sample was utilized for this study consisting of stroke healthcare professionals (N = 79) within the state of New Jersey. The survey yielded a response rate of 70%. Respondents provided information on level of education, average time in position, duties, issues impeding job performance, information related to hospital practices, and stroke core measure compliance within 30 days before the survey. Study results allow designated and nondesignated centers to address issues identified and change or revise protocols accordingly.
Abstracts & Reviews : Reinterpreting the Unspeakable: Human Sexuality 2000 by John Money. 1994. New York, NY: Continuum. Cloth: $29.95, ISBN 0-8264- 0651-3, X+242 pages

ily, community; abidance to one’s dwelling place. Ycleptance, from the Elizabethan English, has to do with naming and defining ourselves and others: race, religion, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, language, and so on. Foredoomance comprises the notion of facing one’s own mortality. Within this framework, Money postulates three taxa of coping or camouflaging strategies: programatics, scissilics and praxics:
Electronic billing vs. paper billing: Dematerialization, energy consumption and environmental impacts

In this study, by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, we had a comparison study of paper billing and payment (PBP) with electronic billing and payment (EBP) in the U.S. Through the use of life cycle approaches in the PBP system, we considered all inputs and outputs from production and operation servers (data center), bill distribution, and computer payments. In the PBP system, production of paper and envelops, production and print of bills, bill distribution (ingoing and outgoing from consumers), payment, and waste were considered. Finally, comparison results between PBP and EBP system in terms of environmental impacts are compared in two systems.
The human placenta methylome

Tissue-specific DNA methylation is found at promoters, enhancers, and CpG islands but also over larger genomic regions. In most human tissues, the vast majority of the genome is highly methylated (>70%). Recently, sequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA (MethylC-seq) has revealed large partially methylated domains (PMDs) in some human cell lines. PMDs cover up to 40% of the genome and are associated with gene repression and inactive chromatin marks. However, to date, only cultured cells and cancers have shown evidence for PMDs. Here, we performed MethylC-seq in full-term human placenta and demonstrate it is the first known normal tissue showing clear evidence of PMDs. We found that PMDs cover 37% of the placental genome, are stable throughout gestation and between individuals, and can be observed with lower sensitivity in Illumina 450K Infinium data. RNA-seq analysis confirmed that genes in PMDs are repressed in placenta. Using a hidden Markov model to map placental PMDs genome-wide and compare them to PMDs in other cell lines, we found that genes within placental PMDs have tissue-specific functions. For regulatory regions, methylation levels in promoter CpG islands are actually higher for genes within placental PMDs, despite the lower overall methylation of surrounding regions. Similar to PMDs, polycomb-regulated regions are hypomethylated but smaller and distinct from PMDs, with some being hypermethylated in placenta compared with other tissues. These results suggest that PMDs are a developmentally dynamic feature of the methylome that are relevant for understanding both normal development and cancer and may be of use as epigenetic biomarkers.
The Benefits of Multidisciplinary Learning in Clinical Practice for Law, Finance, and Social Work Students: An Australian Experience

In July 2010, the faculties of Law, Business and Economics, and Medicine at Monash University, Australia commenced placing law, finance, and social work students in a multidisciplinary clinic at a community legal service operated by the University. Students from the three disciplines began seeing legal service clients at the same time as a team. Clients who agreed to participate were interviewed by the team of students made up of the three disciplines in order to address client issues holistically. This article canvasses some of the perceived learning benefits of this project for students and their supervisors. It investigates how and why supervision within this clinic is a unique experience for students and supervisors alike. It raises the issues of dealing with the different ethical and professional guidelines of the three disciplines. Ultimately, we conclude that multidisciplinary training may have a wide range of advantages for all parties.
Comparison of thermal and visual facial imagery for use in sparse representation based facial recognition system

Facial Recognition is probably one of the most commonly used biometric characteristics used by humans for recognition. This is one of the reasons why it has been subject of intense research for the past 30 years or so. In this time a lot of work is being done not only in the development of stable, real time facial recognition system but also in acquiring different modalities of facial imagery for use with these systems. One of the most successful recent attempts at developing a robust real time facial recognition system is based on representing the whole system as an underdetermined sparse linear system and solving it accordingly. On the other hand, the two mostly widely used modalities of facial imagery are Thermal and Visible images. In this paper, we compare the performance of a sparse representation based facial recognition system on both thermal and visible imagery. We also elaborate on the results in detail and explain the performances obtained.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Body Image—Vulnerability Factors and Processes Linking Sociocultural Pressures and Body Dissatisfaction

Abstract This special issue highlights the growing importance of research on body image in social and clinical psychology. Its prominence is increasing, its significance for both women’s and men’s psychological functioning is being recognised, and it is becoming an area of theoretical and empirical interest in its own right. Sociocultural theory postulates links between pressures from social sources (mass media, peer groups, significant individuals) and body dissatisfaction. The studies in this special issue all contribute to a better understanding of the nature of these links through either examining factors that make individuals more vulnerable to sociocultural pressures or identifying psychological processes through which these pressures take their negative effects on body satisfaction. Implications for future research directions are discussed.
Stereotyping on the two fundamental content dimensions: The role of group size and consensual views on trait typicality in Finland and Sweden

Two alternative hypotheses regarding group differentiation on the two fundamental content dimensions of competence and warmth were tested in this study; the first one based on the stereotype content model (SCM) and the other combining SCM with social identity theory and acknowledging the neglected role of group size. In addition, the potential of consensual stereotypes to counter predictions based on SCM was explored. Nationwide, representative samples of high- and low-status Swedish- and Finnish-speaking minority and majority groups in Finland and Sweden (N = 2075) attributed stereotypic traits reflecting the two content dimensions of competence and warmth to the in- and outgroup. In contrast to predictions based on SCM minority groups favoured the ingroup on both competence and warmth, regardless of status, suggesting that the contextual variable group size should be acknowledged in future studies. Also against expectations based on SCM the high-status groups did not differentiate the ingroup on competence; however, only on warmth. Group ratings on specific traits revealed consensual stereotypes for Swedish- and Finnish-speakers across the countries. Results are discussed in relation to ideology, primacy of warmth and group history.