Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Transosseous Suture as an Alternative to Suture Anchor on Anterior‐Avulsion Greater Tuberosity Fragment Fixation in Neer Three‐Part Proximal Humeral Fracture: A Biomechanical Study

Greater tuberosity (GT) fragments were communicated, and additional techniques to increase the GT fragment stability after the locking plate fixation was necessary. This study aimed to analyze the reinforcement effects on the anterior‐avulsion GT fragment in Neer three‐part proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) using transosseous suture and suture anchor techniques.
On the Nature of the Compact Sources in IRAS 16293–2422 Seen at Centimeter to Submillimeter Wavelengths

We present multi-epoch continuum observations of the Class 0 protostellar system IRAS 16293–2422 taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) at multiple wavelengths between 7 mm and 15 cm (41 GHz down to 2 GHz), as well as single-epoch Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array continuum observations covering the range from 0.4 to 1.3 mm (700 GHz down to 230 GHz). The new VLA observations confirm that source A2 is a protostar driving episodic mass ejections, and reveal the complex relative motion between A2 and A1. The spectrum of component B can be described by a single power law (Sν ∝ ν2.28) over the entire range from 3 to 700 GHz (10 cm down to 0.4 mm), suggesting that the emission is entirely dominated by dust even at λ = 10 cm. Finally, the size of source B appears to increase with frequency up to 41 GHz, remaining roughly constant (at 0.″39 ≡ 55 au) at higher frequencies. We interpret this as evidence that source B is a dusty structure of finite size that becomes increasingly optically thick at higher frequencies until, in the millimeter regime, the source becomes entirely optically thick. The lack of excess free–free emission at long wavelengths, combined with the absence of high-velocity molecular emission, indicates that source B does not drive a powerful outflow, and might indicate that source B is at a particularly early stage of its evolution.
Nuclear spin relaxation for higher spin

We study the relaxation of a spin I that is weakly coupled to a quantum mechanical environment. Starting from the microscopic description, we derive a system of coupled relaxation equations within the adiabatic approximation. These are valid for arbitrary I and also for a general stationary nonequilibrium state of the environment. In the case of equilibrium, the stationary solution of the equations becomes the correct Boltzmannian equilibrium distribution for given spin I. The relaxation towards the stationary solution is characterized by a set of relaxation times, the longest of which can be shorter, by a factor of up to 2I, than the relaxation time in the corresponding Bloch equations calculated in the standard perturbative way.
Consistency of cosmic strings with cosmic microwave background measurements

In the context of SUSY GUTs, GUT scale cosmic strings formed at the end of hybrid inflation are compatible with currently available CMB measurements. The maximum allowed cosmic strings contribution to the CMB data constrains the free parameters (mass scales, couplings) of inflationary models. For F-term inflation either the superpotential coupling must be fine tuned or one has to invoke the curvaton mechanism. D-term inflation should be addressed in the framework of SUGRA. We find that the cosmic strings contribution is not constant, contrary to some previous results. Using CMB measurements we constrain the gauge and the superpotential couplings.
Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Dynamical Systems and Quantum Physics : on the occasion of the 60th birthday of Gianfausto Dell'Antonio, Capri, Italy, May 19-22, 1993

A construction of a nonstandard universe, V.Benci convexity inequality in non-commutative and optimal fermion hypercontractivity, E. Carlen quantum field theory - categories and duality, S. Doplicher invariant tori - a field theoretic point of view on Eliasson's work, G.Gallavotti the Hubbard model - some rigourous results and open problems, E. Lieb zero range forces, E. Nelson constructing supersymmetric quantum field theory, K. Osterwalder spin glasses, where do we stay? , G. Parisi a new look to functional integration, L. Streit symplectic invariants and Hamiltonian dynamics, E. Zehnder. (Part contents)
Velocity profiles of [CII], [CI], CO, and [OI] and physical conditions in four star-forming regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Aims. The aim of our study is to investigate the physical properties of the star-forming interstellar medium (ISM) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) by separating the origin of the emission lines spatially and spectrally. The LMC provides a unique local template to bridge studies in the Galaxy and high redshift galaxies because of its low metallicity and proximity, enabling us to study the detailed physics of the ISM in spatially resolved individual star-forming regions. Following Okada et al. (Okada, Y., Requena-Torres, M. A., Güsten, R., et al. 2015, A&A, 580, A54), we investigate different phases of the ISM traced by carbon-bearing species in four star-forming regions in the LMC, and model the physical properties using the KOSMA-τ PDR model. Methods. We mapped 3–13 arcmin2 areas in 30 Dor, N158, N160, and N159 along the molecular ridge of the LMC in [C II] 158 μm with GREAT on board SOFIA. We also observed the same area with CO(2-1) to (6-5), 13CO(2-1) and (3-2), [C I] 3P1–3P0 and 3P2–3P1 with APEX. For selected positions in N159 and 30 Dor, we observed [O I] 145 μm and [O I] 63 μm with upGREAT. All spectra are velocity resolved. Results. In all four star-forming regions, the line profiles of CO, 13CO, and [C I] emission are similar, being reproduced by a combination of Gaussian profiles defined by CO(3-2), whereas [C II] typically shows wider line profiles or an additional velocity component. At several positions in N159 and 30 Dor, we observed the velocity-resolved [O I] 145 and 63 μm lines for the first time. At some positions, the [O I] line profiles match those of CO, at other positions they are more similar to the [C II] profiles. We interpret the different line profiles of CO, [C II] and [O I] as contributions from spatially separated clouds and/or clouds in different physical phases, which give different line ratios depending on their physical properties. We modeled the emission from the CO, [C I], [C II], and [O I] lines and the far-infrared continuum emission using the latest KOSMA-τ PDR model, which treats the dust-related physics consistently and computes the dust continuum SED together with the line emission of the chemical species. We find that the line and continuum emissions are not well-reproduced by a single clump ensemble. Toward the CO peak at N159 W, we propose a scenario that the CO, [C II], and [O I] 63 μm emission are weaker than expected because of mutual shielding among clumps.
Transcriptomic complexity of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum revealed by long-read sequencing

The Plasmodium falciparum human malaria parasite genome is incompletely annotated and does not accurately represent the transcriptomic diversity of this species. To address this need, we performed long-read transcriptomic sequencing. 5′ capped mRNA was enriched from samples of total and nuclear-fractionated RNA from intra-erythrocytic stages and converted to cDNA library. The cDNA libraries were sequenced on PacBio and Nanopore long-read platforms. 12,495 novel isoforms were annotated from the data. Alternative 5′ and 3′ ends represent the majority of isoform events among the novel isoforms, with retained introns being the next most common event. The majority of alternative 5′ ends correspond to genomic regions with features similar to those of the reference transcript 5′ ends. However, a minority of alternative 5′ ends showed markedly different features, including locations within protein-coding regions. Alternative 3′ ends showed similar features to the reference transcript 3′ ends, notably adenine-rich termination signals. Distinguishing features of retained introns could not be observed, except for a tendency towards shorter length and greater GC content compared with spliced introns. Expression of antisense and retained intron isoforms was detected at different intra-erythrocytic stages, suggesting developmental regulation of these isoform events. To gain insights into the possible functions of the novel isoforms, their protein-coding potential was assessed. Variants of P. falciparum proteins and novel proteins encoded by alternative open reading frames suggest that P. falciparum has a greater proteomic repertoire than the current annotation. We provide a catalog of annotated transcripts and encoded alternative proteins to support further studies on gene and protein regulation of this pathogen.
Identification of a genomic region linked with sex determination of Undaria pinnatifida (Alariaceae) through genomic resequencing and genetic linkage analyses of a segregating gametophyte family

Different from the traditional knowledge about kelp, three sexual phenotypes (female, male, and monoecious) exist in the haploid gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida. However, the sex‐determining mechanisms remain unknown. Genetic linkage mapping is an efficient tool to identify sex‐linked regions. In the present study, we resequenced a segregating gametophyte family based on the male genome of U. pinnatifida. A high‐density genetic linkage map was constructed using 9887 SNPs, with an average distance of 0.41 cM between adjacent SNPs. On the basis of this genetic map and using the composite interval mapping method, we identified 62 SNPs significantly linked with the sexual phenotype. They were located at a position of 67.67 cM on the linkage group 23, corresponding to a physical range of 14.67 Mbp on the HiC_Scaffold_23 of the genome. Reanalysis of the previous specific length amplified fragment sequencing data according to the reference genome led to the identification of a sex‐linked genomic region that encompassed the above‐mentioned 14.67 Mbp region. Hence, this overlapped genomic range was likely the sex‐determining region. Within this region, 129 genes were retrieved and 39 of them were annotated with explicit function, including the potential male sex‐determining gene‐encoding high mobility group (HMG) domain protein. Relative expression analysis of the HMG gene showed that its expression was higher in male gametophytes during the vegetative phase and monoecious gametophytes during both the vegetative and gametogenesis phases, but significantly lower in male gametophytes during the gametogenesis phase. These results provide a foundation for deciphering the sex‐determining mechanism of U. pinnatifida.
Estimating initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium properties using a hybrid model with nucleon substructure calibrated to $p$-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV

We posit a unified hydrodynamic and microscopic description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic $p$-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV and evaluate our assertion using Bayesian inference. Specifically, we model the dynamics of both collision systems using initial conditions with parametric nucleon substructure, a pre-equilibrium free-streaming stage, event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics, and a microscopic hadronic afterburner. Free parameters of the model which describe the initial state and QGP medium are then simultaneously calibrated to fit charged particle yields, mean $p_T$, and flow cumulants. We argue that the global agreement of the calibrated model with the experimental data strongly supports the existence of hydrodynamic flow in small collision systems at ultrarelativistic energies, and that the flow produced develops at length scales smaller than a single proton. Posterior estimates for the model's input parameters are obtained, and new insights into the temperature dependence of the QGP transport coefficients and event-by-event structure of the proton are discussed.
Multiagent Reinforcement Learning With Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network

Most recent research on multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has explored how to deploy cooperative policies for homogeneous agents. However, realistic multiagent environments may contain heterogeneous agents that have different attributes or tasks. The heterogeneity of the agents and the diversity of relationships cause the learning of policy excessively tough. To tackle this difficulty, we present a novel method that employs a heterogeneous graph attention network to model the relationships between heterogeneous agents. The proposed method can generate an integrated feature representation for each agent by hierarchically aggregating latent feature information of neighbor agents, with the importance of the agent level and the relationship level being entirely considered. The method is agnostic to specific MARL methods and can be flexibly integrated with diverse value decomposition methods. We conduct experiments in predator–prey and StarCraft Multiagent Challenge (SMAC) environments, and the empirical results demonstrate that the performance of our method is superior to existing methods in several heterogeneous scenarios.
Ultrasononography in Managing Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized, Controlled, Parallel, Superiority, Open-Label Trial

Abstract Background Patients with suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis are often treated empirically. We hypothesized that extended focused assessment with sonography for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (eFASH), in combination with other tests, would increase the proportion of correctly managed patients with suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Methods This trial in adults with suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis was performed in a rural and an urban hospital in Tanzania. Participants were randomized 1:1 to intervention or routine care, stratified by site and HIV status. All participants underwent clinical evaluation, chest radiography, and testing with sputum Xpert MTB/RIF and urine Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assays. The intervention was a management algorithm based on results of eFASH plus microbiology, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and chest radiography. The primary outcome was the proportion of correctly managed patients. The presence of positive microbiological or ADA results defined definite tuberculosis. An independent end-point review committee determined diagnoses of probable or no tuberculosis. We evaluated outcomes using logistic regression models, adjusted for randomization stratification factors. Results From September 2018 to October 2020, a total of 1036 patients were screened and 701 were randomized (350 to the intervention and 351 to the control group). Of participants in the intervention group, 251 (72%) had a positive eFASH outcome. In 258 (74%) of the intervention and 227 (65%) of the control participants antituberculosis was initiated treatment at baseline. More intervention participants had definite tuberculosis (n = 124 [35%]), compared with controls (n = 85 [24%]). There was no difference between groups for the primary outcome (intervention group, 266 of 286 [93%]; control group, 245 of 266 [92%]; odds ratio, 1.14 [95% confidence interval: .60–2.16]; P = .68). There were no procedure-associated adverse events. Conclusions eFASH did not change the proportion of correctly managed patients but increased the proportion of those with definite tuberculosis. Clinical Trials Registration Pan African Registry: PACTR201712002829221.
How Do We Know If Our Project is Successful ? – A Call to Reconceptualize Project Success Completed Research

The concept of project success in Information Systems and Project Management research has been one of the key concepts in the field. However, after years of research, the field agrees only that the concept of success is critical to the field, and there is no agreed upon definition or operationalization. This paper undertakes a critical review of the literature related to project success in the IS and project management fields finding that each of the dominant perspectives has philosophical and practical inadequacies. It then proposes a set of propositions for developing a new conceptualization of project success.
Purification of Polysaccharides from Orostachys cartilaginous Cell Cultures by Macroporous Resin Absorption and Bioactivities of the Purified Polysaccharides

Orostachys cartilaginous is a traditional herbal medicine and its cell cultures contain large amounts of polysaccharides. To utilize the cultured O. cartilaginous cells, this study purified the crude polysaccharides of O. cartilaginous cells by macroporous resin absorption and optimized the purification process in the experiment of orthogonal design with four factors (sample concentration and volume, and eluent concentration and volume) and three levels; the antibacterial and anti‐cancer effects of the purified polysaccharides (OTP) were further examined. The results showed that polysaccharide purity reached 95 % in the optimized group, i. e. , 1.6 mg/mL of sample (crude polysaccharides) concentration, 3.0 bed volume (BV) of sample volume, 65 % eluent (ethanol) concentration, and 3.0 BV of eluent volume. In the antibacterial experiment, the growth of three bacterial species, i. e. , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis was inhibited by OTP, whereas that of Escherichia coli was not affected; the largest diameter of the inhibitory zone was found on B. subtilis; the extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity and the electrical conductivity, nucleic acid, and protein levels of B. subtilis increased after OTP treatment, indicating that the inhibition of B. subtilis growth was caused by the leakage of cell contents. In the anti‐cancer experiment, OTP decreased the cell viabilities of the tested human cancer cells, i. e. , AGS (gastric cancer), HCT116 (colon cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer), and HeLa (cervical cancer), and the highest inhibitory effect was on HCT116. OTP promoted HCT116 apoptosis and affected the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, i. e. , the expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 decreased and that of bcl‐2 associated X protein, cytochrome c, caspase 9 and caspase 3 increased. The findings of the present study suggest that O. cartilaginous cell cultures have a potential application in food or drug production.
Outpatient mental health service use in major trauma survivors: A population-based cohort study from Ontario, Canada

This study shows that outpatient mental health services are often used by survivors of major trauma and that patients with baseline mental health diagnoses are most likely to require additional resources during their recovery. BACKGROUND Mental health is recognized as an important outcome in major trauma survivors. There are limited data on how and when survivors access mental health services. Our objectives were to determine the frequency, timing, and factors associated with outpatient mental health service utilization in major trauma survivors. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked administrative data on patients treated for major trauma in Ontario between 2009 and 2017. All trauma survivors were included in the cohort, and composite rates of outpatient mental health service use (family doctor, psychiatrist, or emergency department visits) were compared in the 3 years preinjury and postinjury. We used an exposure crossover study design and negative binomial regression with generalized estimating equations for the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify patient characteristics associated with mental health service use during the follow-up period. RESULTS There were 37,260 patients included in the cohort, predominantly men (70.8%) from urban areas (84.8%) suffering blunt trauma (89.7%). Among the patients, 47.4% used mental health services during the preinjury period and 61.8% during the postinjury period (absolute increase of 14.4%). Compared with the 3 years preinjury, the rate of mental health service use increased by 80% (rate ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.75–1.77) in the 3 years following injury. Most survivors (62.2%) used services within the first year following discharge. Postinjury mental health service use (adjusted odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–3.7) was most strongly associated with preinjury mental health service use. CONCLUSION Preinjury and postinjury outpatient mental health service use is common in trauma patients, with preinjury service use predictive of ongoing service use. Mental health concerns should be an expected outcome of major trauma and efforts made to implement and expand access to services for injury survivors across trauma systems. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
The Scattering Outcomes of Kepler Circumbinary Planets: Planet Mass Ratio

Recent studies reveal that the free eccentricities of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b are much larger than their forced eccentricities, implying that scattering events may take place in their formation. The observed orbital configuration of Kepler-34b cannot be well reproduced in disk-driven migration models, whereas a two-planet scattering scenario can play a significant role of shaping the planetary configuration. These studies indicate that circumbinary planets discovered by Kepler may have experienced scattering process. In this work, we extensively investigate the scattering outcomes of circumbinary planets focusing on the effects of planet mass ratio. We find that the planetary mass ratio and the the initial relative locations of planets act as two important parameters that affect the eccentricity distribution of the surviving planets. As an application of our model, we discuss the observed orbital configurations of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b. We first adopt the results from the disk-driven models as the initial conditions, then simulate the scattering process that occurs in the late evolution stage of circumbinary planets. We show that the present orbital configurations of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b can be well reproduced when considering a two unequal-mass planet ejection model. Our work further suggests that some of the currently discovered circumbinary single-planet systems may be survivors of original multiple-planet systems. The disk-driven migration and scattering events occurring in the late stage both play an irreplaceable role in sculpting the final systems.
Aging Feynman–Kac equation

Aging, the process of growing old or maturing, is one of the most widely seen natural phenomena in the world. For the stochastic processes, sometimes the influence of aging cannot be ignored. For example, in this paper, by analyzing the functional distribution of the trajectories of aging particles performing anomalous diffusion, we reveal that for the fraction of the occupation time T+/t of strong aging particles, 〈(T+(t)2)〉=12t2 with coefficient 12, having no relation with the aging time ta and α and being completely different from the case of weak (none) aging. In fact, we first build the models governing the corresponding functional distributions, i.e. the aging forward and backward Feynman–Kac equations; the above result is one of the applications of the models. Another application of the models is to solve the asymptotic behaviors of the distribution of the first passage time, g(ta,t). The striking discovery is that for weakly aging systems, g(ta,t)∼taα2t−1−α2, while for strongly aging systems, g(ta,t) behaves as taα−1t−α.