Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Does Determinacy Imply Expectational Stability?

We study the connections between determinacy of rational expectations equilibrium, and expectational stability or learnability of that equilibrium, in a relatively general New Keynesian model. Adoption of policies that induce both determinacy and learnability of equilibrium has been considered fundamental to successful policy in the literature. We ask what types of economic assumptions drive differences in the necessary and sufficient conditions for the two criteria. Our framework is sufficiently flexible to encompass lags in information, alternative pricing assumptions, a cost channel for monetary policy, and either Euler equation or infinite horizon approaches to learning. We are able to isolate conditions under which determinacy does and does not imply learnability, and also conditions under which long horizon forecasts make a clear difference to conclusions about expectational stability. The sharpest result is that informational delays break equivalence connections between determinacy and learnability.
Circadian rhythm disorders among adolescents: assessment and treatment options

Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) — a circadian rhythm sleep disorder — is most commonly seen in adolescents. The differential diagnosis between DSPD and conventional psychophysiological insomnia is important for correct therapeutic intervention. Adolescent DSPD sleep duration is commonly 9 hours or more. Depression may be comorbid with DSPD. DSPD has a negative impact on adolescent academic performance. DSPD treatments include bright light therapy, chronotherapeutic regimens, and administration of melatonin as a chronobiotic (as distinct from a soporific). Attention to non‐photic and extrinsic factors including healthy sleep parameters is also important to enable better sleep and mood outcomes in adolescents.
PCA-ANN Face Recognition System based on Photometric Normalization Techniques

The human face is the main focus of attention in social interaction, and is also the major key in conveying identity and emotion of a person. It has the appealing characteristic of not being intrusive as compared with other biometric techniques. The research works on face recognition started in the 1960s with the pioneering work of Bledsoe and Kanade, who introduced the first automated face recognition system (Zhao et al, 2003). From that onwards, the research on face recognition has widespread and become one of the most interesting research area in vision system, image analysis, pattern recognition and biometric technology. Recently, research on face recognition has received attention and interest from the scientific community as well as from the general public. Face recognition has become a major issue in many security, credit card verification, and criminal identification applications due to its applicability as a biometric system in commercial and security applications to prevent unauthorized access or fraudulent use of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), cellular phones, smart cards, desktop personal computers, workstations and computer networks. Face recognition has been used by law enforcement agencies for finding criminals, by government agencies for fraud and homeland security, and by financial institutions for ATM and check-cashing security to protect customers against identity theft and fraudulent transactions. By using the face recognition, a picture identity, bankcard or Personal Identification Number (PIN) is no longer needed to verify a customer's identity. Face recognition is also applicable in areas other than security oriented applications such as computer entertainment and customized computer-human interaction applications that can be found in products such as cars, aids for disabled people, or buildings. The interest for face recognition will most likely increase even more in the future due to the increased penetration of technologies, such as digital cameras and the internet, and a larger demand for different security schemes. Face recognition systems (FRS) are still in their infancy. The current FRS still experiencing low accuracy rates due to factors such as illumination, orientation and other disturbances. The quality of a face image has also a big impact on the performance of the FRS. If the illumination on the face image is too high, the face image will be too bright; however, if the illumination is too low, the face image will be too dark. The variation on the illumination will greatly affect the quality of the face image and reduce the performance of the FRS. Thus, it is crucial to improve the quality of the face image in order to have a better O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w . in te ch w eb . o rg
Increase of Galanin in Trigeminal Ganglion during Tooth Movement

It is known that nerve fibers containing neuropeptides such as galanin increase in the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement. However, the origin of galanin-containing nerve fibers in the periodontal ligament remains unclear. This study was conducted to examine our hypothesis that the increased galanin nerve fibers have a sensory neuronal origin, and that the peptide is associated with pain transmission and/or periodontal ligament remodeling during experimental tooth movement. In control rats, galanin-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion cells were very rare and were observed predominantly in small ganglion cells. After 3 days of experimental tooth movement, galanin-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion cells significantly increased, and the most marked increase was observed at 5 days after experimental tooth movement. Furthermore, their cell size spectrum also significantly changed after 3 and 5 days of movement: Medium-sized and large trigeminal ganglion cells began expressing, and continued to express, galanin until 14 days after experimental tooth movement. These findings suggest that the increase of galanin in the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement at least partially originates from trigeminal ganglion neurons and may play a role in pain transmission and/or periodontal remodeling.
The acquisition of verb subcategorization in a functionalist framework

This paper takes a functionalist perspective on the development of verb subcategorization, concentrating on a subclass of action verbs. The acquisition of verb subcategorization is viewed as the construction of logical structures (LSs) for the predicate in which a verb can appear. The LS motivates a verb's syntactic specifications through linking rules which reflect, in part, universals, and, in part, language specific generalizations. Crucial information for the construction of an LS are combinations of input and context which can unambiguously specify aspects of the meaning of a predicate. One consequence of this approach is that arrays of explicit NP arguments with syntactic encoding play a minor role in this process. Information about three semantic dimensions figure in the construction of the LS of an action predicate; (1) animacy of the theme or patient referent, whether implicit or explicit; (2) intentionality of the theme or patient referent as expressed by morphemes that imply the intentional origin of an action; and (3) the temporal contour of an action, in particular, whether a predicate is telic.
The interactions between soil–biosphere–atmosphere land surface model with a multi-energy balance (ISBA-MEB) option in SURFEXv8 – Part 1: Model description

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) are pushing towards improved realism owing to an increasing number of observations at the local scale, constantly improving satellite data sets and the associated methodologies to best exploit such data, improved computing resources, and in response to the user community. As a part of the trend in LSM development, there have been ongoing efforts to improve the representation of the land surface processes in the interactions between the soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) LSM within the EXternalized SURFace (SURFEX) model platform. The force–restore approach in ISBA has been replaced in recent years by multi-layer explicit physically based options for sub-surface heat transfer, soil hydrological processes, and the composite snowpack. The representation of vegetation processes in SURFEX has also become much more sophisticated in recent years, including photosynthesis and respiration and biochemical processes. It became clear that the conceptual limits of the composite soil–vegetation scheme within ISBA had been reached and there was a need to explicitly separate the canopy vegetation from the soil surface. In response to this issue, a collaboration began in 2008 between the high-resolution limited area model (HIRLAM) consortium and Meteo-France with the intention to develop an explicit representation of the vegetation in ISBA under the SURFEX platform. A new parameterization has been developed called the ISBA multi-energy balance (MEB) in order to address these issues. ISBA-MEB consists in a fully implicit numerical coupling between a multi-layer physically based snowpack model, a variable-layer soil scheme, an explicit litter layer, a bulk vegetation scheme, and the atmosphere. It also includes a feature that permits a coupling transition of the snowpack from the canopy air to the free atmosphere. It shares many of the routines and physics parameterizations with the standard version of ISBA. This paper is the first of two parts; in part one, the ISBA-MEB model equations, numerical schemes, and theoretical background are presented. In part two (Napoly et al., 2016), which is a separate companion paper, a local scale evaluation of the new scheme is presented along with a detailed description of the new forest litter scheme.
The LOPSAQ study: 48 week analysis of a boosted double protease inhibitor regimen containing lopinavir/ritonavir plus saquinavir without additional antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the virological, immunological and clinical responses to the boosted double protease inhibitor (PI) regimen combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and saquinavir ('LOPSAQ') without reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) in HIV-positive patients who have few viable RTI treatment options. METHODS Cohort study of 128 heavily pre-treated patients who were experiencing therapy failure on their current regimen due to RTI resistance and/or systemic toxicities. Patients with PI-resistance mutations or RTI toxicity underwent a structured treatment interruption (STI) (n=76) until virus reverted to wild-type or until resolution of toxicity symptoms. Baseline was defined as the time point when lopinavir/ritonavir plus saquinavir therapy was initiated. Virological response was defined as viral load<400 copies/mL at week 48. RESULTS A total of 78 (61%) patients experienced a virological response to therapy (ITT). Median viral load at baseline was 5.06 log10 copies/mL; at week 48 median was 2.16 log10 copies. Median CD4 at week 48 was 280 cells/mm3 compared with 172 cells at baseline. At week 48, 78/128 patients were still on therapy. In univariable analyses, significant predictors of virological response included higher CD4 count (P<0.001), lower viral load (P=0.002), less PI-experience (P=0.006) at baseline and fewer PI-resistance mutations (P=0.043) at end of prior failing regimen; in the multivariable analysis only higher CD4 count at baseline (P=0.009) and fewer number of drugs previously taken (P=0.003) could be specified as independent predictors for response. CONCLUSIONS The combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and saquinavir without RTIs is a potential option as salvage therapy for patients experiencing therapy failure due to RTI resistance or toxicity. This regimen may not be suitable for patients with very low baseline CD4 cell counts, very broad antiretroviral therapy experience or extensive PI-resistance mutations.
Transformative approaches to student voice: theoretical underpinnings, recalcitrant realities

This article explores some of the theoretical underpinnings of radical approaches to student voice and examines a number of practical issues we need to address if we wish to move towards a more transformative future. The framework within which the notion of voice is explored and critiqued falls primarily into two categories. The first, Deconstructing the presumptions of the present, explores the largely ignored problematic of much student voice work. (1) 'Problems of speaking about others', (2) 'Problems of speaking for others', and problems of (3) 'Getting heard' reveal a range of issues that need to be better understood and acknowledged. The second, On the necessity of dialogue, attempts a resolution, exploring the possibility of (4) 'Speaking about/for others in supportive ways' before offering the preferred (5) 'Dialogic alternative: speaking with rather than for' and further developing that line of enquiry through (6) 'Students as co/researchers'. Finally, (7) 'Recalcitrant realities, new opportunities' offers some ambivalent, but still hopeful thoughts about current realities and future possibilities.
Ieee Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 1 Pq Monitoring System for Real-time Detection and Classification of Disturbances in a Single-phase Power System

—This paper presents a system for detection and classification of power quality (PQ) voltage disturbances. The proposed system applies the following methods to detect and classify PQ disturbances: Digital filtering and mathematical morphology are used to detect and classify transients and waveform distortions, whereas for short-and long-duration disturbances (such as sags, swells, and interruptions), the analysis of the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the voltage is employed. The proposed combined approach identifies the type of disturbance and its parameters such as time localization, duration, and magnitude. The proposed system is suitable for real-time monitoring of the power system and implementation on a digital signal processor (DSP).
TRENDS IN WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON FIRMS, PERFORMANCE: AN ANALYSIS OF MAURITIAN SMALL MANUFACTURING FIRMS

A well designed and implemented working capital management is expected to contribute positively to the creation of a firm’s value The purpose of this paper is to examine the trends in working capital management and its impact on firms’ performance. The trend in working capital needs and profitability of firms are examined to identify the causes for any significant differences between the industries. The dependent variable, return on total assets is used as a measure of profitability and the relation between working capital management and corporate profitability is investigated for a sample of 58 small manufacturing firms, using panel data analysis for the period 1998 – 2003. The regression results show that high investment in inventories and receivables is associated with lower profitability. The key variables used in the analysis are inventories days, accounts receivables days, accounts payable days and cash conversion cycle. A strong significant relationship between working capital management and profitability has been found in previous empirical work. An analysis of the liquidity, profitability and operational efficiency of the five industries shows significant changes and how best practices in the paper industry have contributed to performance. The findings also reveal an increasing trend in the short-term component of working capital financing.
The Chromatin Remodelling Enzymes SNF2H and SNF2L Position Nucleosomes adjacent to CTCF and Other Transcription Factors

Within the genomes of metazoans, nucleosomes are highly organised adjacent to the binding sites for a subset of transcription factors. Here we have sought to investigate which chromatin remodelling enzymes are responsible for this. We find that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzyme SNF2H plays a major role organising arrays of nucleosomes adjacent to the binding sites for the architectural transcription factor CTCF sites and acts to promote CTCF binding. At many other factor binding sites SNF2H and the related enzyme SNF2L contribute to nucleosome organisation. The action of SNF2H at CTCF sites is functionally important as depletion of CTCF or SNF2H affects transcription of a common group of genes. This suggests that chromatin remodelling ATPase’s most closely related to the Drosophila ISWI protein contribute to the function of many human gene regulatory elements.
On the Modeling and Analysis of Heterogeneous Radio Access Networks Using a Poisson Cluster Process

Future mobile networks are visualized as networks that consist of more than one type of base station to cope with rising user demands. Such networks are referred to as heterogeneous networks. There have been various attempts at modeling and optimization of such networks using spatial point processes, some of which are alluded to (later) in this paper. We model a heterogeneous network consisting of two types of base stations by using a particular Poisson cluster process model. The main contributions are two-fold. First, a complete description of the interference in heterogeneous networks is derived in the form of its Laplace functional. Second, using an asymptotic convergence result which was shown in our previous work, we derive the expressions for the mean and variance of the distribution to which the interference converges. The utility of this framework is discussed for both the contributions.
Uncriticality-directed scheduling for tackling variation and power challenges

The advance in semiconductor technologies presents the serious problem of parameter variations. They affect threshold voltage of transistors and thus circuit delay has variability. Increasing the supply voltage to reduce the delay should not be a solution, since it increases power consumption, which is another serious problem in microprocessor designs. This paper proposes to combine recently-proposed configurable latency technique with an instruction scheduling technique considering instruction uncriticality. While relying only on the configurable latency technique degrades processor performance, the combination maintains it by executing only uncritical instructions in the long-latency units. The uncriticality-directed technique is extended for power reduction. This can be achieved by decreasing supply voltage for some variation-unaffected units. Detailed simulations show that the proposed scheduling technique improves processor performance by 7.0% on average over the conventional scheduling and that performance degradation from a variation-free processor is only 2.3% on average, when 2 of 4 integer ALUs are affected by variations. It also improves energy efficiency by 9.9% on average.
Simulating the influence of vernalization, photoperiod and optimum temperature on wheat developmental rates.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accurately representing development is essential for applying crop simulations to investigate the effects of climate, genotypes or crop management. Development in wheat (Triticum aestivum, T. durum) is primarily driven by temperature, but affected by vernalization and photoperiod, and is often simulated by reducing thermal-time accumulation using vernalization or photoperiod factors or limiting accumulation when a lower optimum temperature (T(optl)) is exceeded. In this study T(optl) and methods for representing effects of vernalization and photoperiod on anthesis were examined using a range of planting dates and genotypes. METHODS An examination was made of T(optl) values of 15, 20, 25 and 50 degrees C, and either the most limiting or the multiplicative value of the vernalization and photoperiod development rate factors for simulating anthesis. Field data were from replicated trials at Ludhiana, Punjab, India with July through to December planting dates and seven cultivars varying in vernalization response. KEY RESULTS Simulations of anthesis were similar for T(optl) values of 20, 25 and 50 degrees C, but a T(optl) of 15 degrees C resulted in a consistent bias towards predicting anthesis late for early planting dates. Results for T(optl) above 15 degrees C may have occurred because mean temperatures rarely exceeded 20 degrees C before anthesis for many planting dates. For cultivars having a strong vernalization response, anthesis was more accurately simulated when vernalization and photoperiod factors were multiplied rather than using the most limiting of the two factors. CONCLUSIONS Setting T(optl) to a high value (30 degrees C) and multiplying the vernalization and photoperiod factors resulted in accurately simulating anthesis for a wide range of planting dates and genotypes. However, for environments where average temperatures exceed 20 degrees C for much of the pre-anthesis period, a lower T(optl) (23 degrees C) might be appropriate. These results highlight the value of testing a model over a wide range of environments.
Opioids and Coupling of the Anterior Peri‐Third Ventricular Input to Oxytocin Neurones in Anaesthetized Pregnant Rats

In the pregnant rat the osmotic drive to oxytocin neurones is reduced and oxytocin secretion itself is inhibited by endogenous opioids. Coupling of the anterior peri‐third ventricular input pathway, involved in osmoregulation, to magnocellular oxytocin neurones was studied in urethane‐anaesthetized virgin and 21 day pregnant rats using electrical stimulation of the region anterior and ventral to the third cerebral ventricle (AV3V region) to drive the oxytocin neurones, and giving naloxone to prevent the action of any endogenous opioids on the system. Trains ofstimuli (0.5 mA, 1 ms pulses, 10 s on 10 s off, at either 10 Hz or 25 Hz for 10 or 2 min respectively) were given at 20 or 30 min intervals via an electrode stereotaxically‐implanted in the AV3V region, and femoral arterial blood plasma samples collected immediately before and after each stimulation were radioimmunoassayed for oxytocin concentration. The first (control) AV3V stimulation increased plasma oxytocin concentration reproducibly and similarly in virgin and 21‐day pregnant rats. Naloxone administered 10 min before the second stimulus increased basal plasma oxytocin concentration in virgin and pregnant rats and increased the oxytocin secretory response to 25 Hz AV3V stimulation in virgin but not pregnant rats, and the response was significantly greater in virgin rats. Naloxone reveals oxytocin secretion unrestrained by endogenous opioids, therefore it appears that there is an opioid‐independent reduction in the excitatory coupling of the AV3V input to oxytocin neurones which may explain the reduced osmoresponsiveness of oxytocin neurones at the end of pregnancy. In other experiments, morphine (μ‐opioid agonist; at 1 & 5 mg/kg 5 min before the second and third stimulation periods respectively) or U50,488 (κ‐opioid agonist; 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg respectively) was given to test the opioid sensitivity of the oxytocin neurone response to stimulation of the AV3V input. Morphine did not significantly affect the oxytocin secretory response to 25 Hz AV3V stimulation in either virgin or pregnant rats but there was a significant dose related inhibition of the oxytocin secretory response to 10 Hz stimulation in both groups. U50,488 also inhibited the oxytocin secretory response to 25 Hz AV3V stimulation in a dose‐related manner in both virgin and pregnant rats. The inhibitory effects of morphine and U50,488 were not different between virgin and pregnant rats; this indicates that central opioid interactions with the AV3V input to oxytocin neurones are not changed in pregnancy. The initial similar oxytocin secretory response to AV3V stimulation in pregnant and virgin rats seems to be a product of a reduced effectiveness of the excitatory AV3V input to oxytocin neurones in late pregnancy and the previously established reduced posterior pituitary sensitivity to inhibitory endogenous opioids.