Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allergic Eosinophil-rich Inflammation Develops in Lungs and Airways of B Cell–deficient Mice

Immunoglobulins (Ig), particularly IgE, are believed to be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and, equally, in allergic models of the disease. To validate this paradigm we examined homozygous mutant C57BL/6 mice, which are B cell deficient, lacking all Ig. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 10 μg ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum, followed by daily (day 14–20) 30 min exposures to OVA aerosol (OVA/OVA group). Three control groups were run: OVA intraperitoneally plus saline (SAL) aerosol (OVA/SAL group); saline intraperitoneally plus saline aerosol; saline intraperitoneally plus OVA aerosol (n = 6–7). Lung and large airway tissues obtained 24 h after the last OVA or SAL exposure were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Ig-deficient mice receiving OVA/ OVA treatment had swollen and discolored lungs and exhibited marked eosinophilia both in large airway subepithelial tissue (49.2 ± 12.0 cells/mm basement membrane [BM] versus OVA/ SAL control 1.2 ± 0.3 cells/mm BM; P <0.001), and perivascularly and peribronchially in the lung (49.3 ± 9.0 cells/unit area versus OVA/SAL control 2.6 ± 0.6 cells/unit area; P <0.001). The eosinophilia extended to the regional lymph nodes. TEM confirmed the subepithelial and perivascular localization of eosinophils. Mucus cells in large airway epithelium increased from 1.5 ± 0.8 (OVA/SAL mice) to 39.5 ± 5.7 cells/mm BM in OVA/OVA treated mice (P <0.001). OVA/SAL mice never differed from the other control groups. Corresponding experiments in wild-type mice (n = 6–7 in each group) showed qualitatively similar but less pronounced eosinophil and mucus cell changes. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells increased in lungs of all OVA/OVA-treated mice. Mast cell number did not differ but degranulation was detected only in OVA/OVA-treated wild-type mice. Immunization to OVA followed by OVA challenges thus cause eosinophil-rich inflammation in airways and lungs of mice without involvement of B cells and Ig.
Konrad-zuse-zentrum F ¨ Ur Informationstechnik Berlin Two-layer Network Design by Branch-and-cut Featuring Mip-based Heuristics

This paper deals with MIP-based primal heuristics to be used within a branch-and-cut approach for solving multi-layer telecommunication network design problems. Based on a mixed-integer programming formulation for two network layers, we present three heuristics for solving important subproblems, two of which solve a sub-MIP. On multi-layer planning instances with many parallel logical links, we show the effectiveness of our heuristics in finding good solutions early in the branch-and-cut search tree.
Patterns of Species Richness and Turnover for the South American Rodent Fauna

Understanding the spatial distribution of species sheds light on the group’s biogeographical history, offers clues to the drivers of diversity, and helps to guide conservation strategies. Here, we compile geographic range information for South America’s diverse rodents, whose 14 families comprise ~50% of the continent’s mammalian species. The South American rodent fauna is dominated by independent and temporally staggered radiations of caviomorph and sigmodontine groups. We mapped species richness and turnover of all rodents and the principal clades to identify the main predictors of diversity patterns. Species richness was highest in the Andes, with a secondary hotspot in Atlantic Forest and some regions of considerable richness in Amazonia. Differences in richness were evident between the caviomorphs and sigmodontines, the former showing the greatest richness in tropical forests whereas the latter show—and largely determine—the all-rodent pattern. Elevation was the main predictor of sigmodontine richness, whereas temperature was the principal variable correlated with richness of caviomorphs. Across clades, species turnover was highest along the Andes and was best explained by elevational relief. In South America, the effects of the familiar latitudinal gradient in species richness are mixed with a strong longitudinal effect, triggered by the importance of elevation and the position of the Andes. Both latitudinal and elevational effects help explain the complicated distribution of rodent diversity across the continent. The continent’s restricted-range species—those seemingly most vulnerable to localized disturbance—are mostly distributed along the Andes and in Atlantic Forest, with the greatest concentration in Ecuador. Both the Andes and Atlantic Forest are known hotspots for other faunal and floral components. Contrasting patterns of the older caviomorph and younger sigmodontine radiations underscore the interplay of both historical and ecological factors in determining present-day diversity patterns.
A Cross-language Information Retrieval Based on an Arabic Ontology in the Legal Domain

In this paper, we describe a web-based multilingual tool for Arabic information retrieval based on ontology in the legal domain. We illustrate the manual construction of the ontology and the way it is edited using Protégé2000. Using Arabic (UN) documents we identify the legal terms and the semantic relations between them before mapping them onto their position in the ontology. The process of search for Arabic documents uses a query expansion. In addition to finding related documents in Arabic, the retrieval process is further enriched by enabling the user to translate the query into another language, The query expansion is achieved using a semantic word thesaurus namely, Wordnet, which is available on the Web. with a view to retrieve documents in these languages too. A set of query words is used to enable the machine translation of the query from Arabic into English and from Arabic into French.
Discovery of exceptional points in the Bose-Einstein condensation of gases with attractive 1 / r interaction

The extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the Bose-Einstein condensation of gases with attractive 1 /r interaction has a second solution which is born together with the ground state in a tangent bifurcation. At the bifurcation point both states coalesce, i.e., the energies and the wave functions are identical. We investigate the bifurcation point in the context of exceptional points, a phenomenon known for linear non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We point out that the mean field energy, the chemical potential, and the wave functions show the same behavior as an exceptional point in a linear, nonsymmetric system. The analysis of the analytically continued Gross-Pitaevskii equation reveals complex waves at negative scattering lengths below the tangent bifurcation. These solutions are interpreted as a decay of the condensate caused by an absorbing potential.
On the analysis of multicast traffic over the Entity Title Architecture

New applications bring a new set of requirements that the Internet is not able to satisfy in a proper way. Internet architecture must be reviewed and researchers from all over the world are engaged in the design of a new Internet. Software Defined Networking (SDN), which is materialized in OpenFlow, represents an extraordinary opportunity to rethink computer networks. In this paper, taking advantage of SDN and the concepts of our previous work regarding the Entity Title Model, we present a proof of concept OpenFlow based implementation of the Entity Title Architecture. It is a clean slate network architecture for future networks where multicast and mobility are seamlessly provided. By using this implementation, we describe some experiments conducted and present a comparison between a video application implemented first, using the TCP/IP stack and then using our architecture focusing on its multicast capabilities and by consequently reducing bandwidth consumption. The results presented in this paper show that this consumption near the source by using our architecture remains constant while using TCP/IP it increases monotonically.
A Design Concept for Implementing Interoperable Cartographic Services based on reusable GIS Components

The design concept introduced in this paper provides an efficient and flexible pattern to create Web map services from existing GIS backends. The components of the concept are described and discussed. The collaboration and interactions between the components are explained and illustrated with class and sequence diagrams. Finally, the application of this concept in the QGIS mapserver project is shown.
Constraints on the Distance to SGR 1806–20 from H I Absorption

The giant flare detected from the magnetar SGR 1806-20 on 2004 December 27 had a fluence more than 100 times higher than the only two other soft gamma repeater (SGR) flares ever recorded. Whereas the fluence is independent of distance, an estimate for the luminosity of the burst depends on the source's distance, which has previously been argued to be ~15 kpc. The burst produced a bright radio afterglow, against which Cameron et al. have measured an H I absorption spectrum. This has been used to propose a revised distance to SGR 1806-20 of between 6.4 and 9.8 kpc. Here we analyze this absorption spectrum and compare it both to H I emission data from the Southern Galactic Plane Survey and to archival 12CO survey data. We confirm ~6 kpc as a likely lower limit on the distance to SGR 1806-20, but argue that it is difficult to place an upper limit on the distance to SGR 1806-20 from the H I data currently available. The previous value of ~15 kpc thus remains the best estimate of the distance to the source.
Implementing AUTOSAR scheduling and resource management on an embedded SMT processor

The AUTOSAR specification provides a common standard for software development in the automotive domain. Its functional definition is based on the concept of single-threaded processors. Recent trends in embedded processors provide new possibilities for more powerful processors using parallel execution techniques like multithreading and multi-cores. We discuss the implementation of the AUTOSAR operating system interface on a modern simultaneous multithreaded (SMT) processor. Several problems in resource management arise when AUTOSAR tasks are executed concurrently on a multithreaded processor. Especially deadlocks, which should be averted through the priority ceiling protocol, can reoccur. We solve this problems by extending AUTOSAR OS by the Task Filtering Method to avoid deadlocks in multithreaded processors. Other synchronisation problems arising through the parallel execution of tasks are solved through the use of lock-free data structures. In the end, we propose some extensions to the AUTOSAR specification so it can be used in software development for SMT processors. We develop some additional requirements on such SMT processors to enable the use of the Task Filtering Method. Our work gives also perspectives for software development on upcoming multi-core processors in the automotive domain.
Discriminating between rate heterogeneity and interspecific recombination in DNA sequence alignments with phylogenetic factorial hidden Markov models

MOTIVATION A recently proposed method for detecting recombination in DNA sequence alignments is based on the combination of hidden Markov models (HMMs) with phylogenetic trees. Although this method was found to detect breakpoints of recombinant regions more accurately than most existing techniques, it inherently fails to distinguish between recombination and rate variation. In the present paper, we propose to marry the phylogenetic tree to a factorial HMM (FHMM). The states of the first hidden chain represent tree topologies, whereas the states of the second independent hidden chain represent different global scaling factors of the branch lengths. Inference is done in terms of a hierarchical Bayesian model, where parameters and hidden states are sampled from the posterior distribution with Gibbs sampling. RESULTS We have tested the proposed model on various synthetic and real-world DNA sequence alignments. The simulation results suggest that as opposed to the standard phylogenetic HMM, the phylogenetic FHMM clearly distinguishes between recombination and rate heterogeneity and thereby avoids the prediction of spurious recombinant regions. AVAILABILITY The proposed method has been implemented in a MATLAB package that extends Kevin Murphy's HMM toolbox. Software and data used in our study are available from http://www.bioss. sari.ac. uk/~dirk/Supplements
THE DELAY COMPENSATOR APPROACH WITH FRACTIONAL DEAD-TIME MODELLING IN DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEMS

This paper compares the control performance of a distributed control system with variable sampling to actuation delay when using two different control solutions. The first one is a pole-placement controller with a fuzzy delay compensator and the second one an adaptive pole-placement with fractional dead-time modelling. The delay compensator is added to an existing controller that does not take into account the sampling to actuation delay while the second controller is designed to take that delay into account. The first approach requires the knowledge of the sampling to actuation delay. The results show that both approaches allow the improvement of the control performance. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are outlined.
PIP2 Activates TRPV5 and Releases Its Inhibition by Intracellular Mg2+

The transient receptor potential type V5 channel (TRPV5) is a Ca2+-selective TRP channel important for epithelial Ca2+ transport. Intracellular Mg2+ causes a fast voltage-dependent block of the TRPV5 channel by binding to the selectivity filter. Here, we report that intracellular Mg2+ binding to the selectivity filter of TRPV5 also causes a slower reversible conformational change leading to channel closure. We further report that PIP2 activates TRPV5. Activation of TRPV5 by PIP2 is independent of Mg2+. Yet, PIP2 decreases sensitivity of the channel to the Mg2+-induced slow inhibition. Mutation of aspartate-542, a critical Mg2+-binding site in the selectivity filter, abolishes Mg2+-induced slow inhibition. PIP2 has no effects on Mg2+-induced voltage-dependent block. Thus, PIP2 prevents the Mg2+-induced conformational change without affecting Mg2+ binding to the selectivity filter. Hydrolysis of PIP2 via receptor activation of phospholipase C sensitizes TRPV5 to the Mg2+-induced slow inhibition. These results provide a novel mechanism for regulation of TRP channels by phospholipase C–activating hormones via alteration of the sensitivity to intracellular Mg2+.
E-gov adoption model of the military organization in Indonesia

Not only being implemented in the government ministries and agencies, e-gov is also implemented in the military sector in terms of service delivery to the public. Many researchers have studied and proposed models of e-gov adoption in order to predict or explain user behavior, or to formulate a strategy based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Small research number has been established to analyze factors influencing e-gov adoption in military organization. Thus, this work inspects the applicability of the TAM with many constructs under technology-organization-environment framework that predict a suitable model to the Indonesian military in the context of e-gov adoption. The Dematel method was used to figure out the factors that affect the acceptance of e-gov by military personnel using a survey sample of 42 ICT administrators of TNI (Ministry of Defense, Army, Navy, and Air Forces). Moreover, Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze data of 400 TNI personnel to validate dominant factors resulted from the Dematel. The findings indicate that competitive pressure, self-efficacy of computer, ease of use, e-readiness, usefulness, service quality, attitude, and behavioral intention were valid constructs of e-gov adoption in Indonesian military organization. The study recommends a further research of e-gov adoption strategy that focuses on the implementation of those factors on the level of organizational units within the military.
LOCAL OPTIMALITY CONDITIONS FOR A CONTINUOUS MODEL FOR THE NETWORK ROUTING AND CAPACITY EXPANSION PROBLEM

We consider a continuous model for the routing and capacity expansion problem which objective function represents arc expansion with congestion costs. Congestion is modeled by a convex increasing function for a given capacity and, at a given breakpoint, expansion to a higher capacity is decided, leading to piecewise arc cost functions. Thanks to the separable structure of the cost function, it is possible to put down first-order local optimality conditions even in the presence of breakpoints where the cost function is not differentiable. The main contribution of the present work is the formal exposition of necessary and sufficient local optimality conditions based on the identification of negative-cost cycle for each commodity. An
Improved Data Association Method in Binocular Vision-SLAM

This paper presents an approach to binocular vision simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm is used to extract the Natural landmarks, The minimal connected dominating set(CDS) approach is used in data association which solve the problem that the scale of data association increase with the map grows in process of SLAM. Two improvements are introduced to improve the CDS’S performance. Firstly, CDS is constructed lingeringly. Secondly, CDS is searched adaptively. SLAM is completed by fusing the information of binocular vision and robot pose with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The system has been implemented and tested on data gathered with a mobile robot in a typical office environment. Simulation results indicate that improved connected dominating set data association results are reliable, the capability of reducing computational complexity is outstanding.
Characteristics of Imported Malaria and Species of Plasmodium Involved in Shandong Province, China (2012-2014)

Malaria remains a serious public health problem in Shandong Province, China; therefore, it is important to explore the characteristics of the current malaria prevalence situation in the province. In this study, data of malaria cases reported in Shandong during 2012-2014 were analyzed, and Plasmodium species were confirmed by smear microscopy and nested-PCR. A total of 374 malaria cases were reported, 80.8% of which were reported from 6 prefectures. Of all cases, P. falciparum was dominant (81.3%), followed by P. vivax (11.8%); P. ovale and P. malariae together accounted for 6.4% of cases. Notably, for the first time since 2012, no indigenous case had been reported in Shandong Province, a situation that continued through 2014. Total 95.2% of cases were imported from Africa. The ratio of male/female was 92.5:1, and 96.8% of cases occurred in people 20-54 years of age. Farmers or laborers represented 77.5% of cases. No significant trends of monthly pattern were found in the reported cases. All patients were in good condition after treatment, except for 3 who died. These results indicate that imported malaria has increased significantly since 2012 in Shandong Province, especially for P. falciparum, and there is an emergence of species diversity.
To stretch or not to stretch: the role of stretching in injury prevention and performance

Stretching is commonly practiced before sports participation; however, effects on subsequent performance and injury prevention are not well understood. There is an abundance of literature demonstrating that a single bout of stretching acutely impairs muscle strength, with a lesser effect on power. The extent to which these effects are apparent when stretching is combined with other aspects of a pre‐participation warm‐up, such as practice drills and low intensity dynamic exercises, is not known. With respect to the effect of pre‐participation stretching on injury prevention a limited number of studies of varying quality have shown mixed results. A general consensus is that stretching in addition to warm‐up does not affect the incidence of overuse injuries. There is evidence that pre‐participation stretching reduces the incidence of muscle strains but there is clearly a need for further work. Future prospective randomized studies should use stretching interventions that are effective at decreasing passive resistance to stretch and assess effects on subsequent injury incidence in sports with a high prevalence of muscle strains.
Magnetospheres and Disk Accretion in Herbig Ae/Be Stars

We present evidence of magnetically mediated disk accretion in Herbig Ae/Be stars. Magnetospheric accretion models of Balmer and sodium profiles calculated with appropriate stellar and rotational parameters are in qualitative agreement with the observed profiles of the Herbig Ae star UX Ori and yield a mass accretion rate of ~10-8 M☉ yr-1. If more recent indications of an extremely large rotation rate for this object are correct, the magnetic field geometry must deviate from that of a standard dipole in order to produce line emission consistent with observed flux levels. Models of the associated accretion shock qualitatively explain the observed distribution of excess fluxes in the Balmer discontinuity for a large ensemble of Herbig Ae/Be stars and imply typically small mass accretion rates, ≲10-7 M☉ yr-1. In order for accretion to proceed onto the star, significant amounts of gas must exist inside the dust destruction radius, which is potentially problematic for recently advocated scenarios of "puffed" inner dust wall geometries. However, our models of the inner gas disk show that for the typical accretion rates we have derived, the gas should generally be optically thin, thus allowing direct stellar irradiation of the inner dust edge of the disk.
J4 at Sweet 16: A New Wrinkle?

Compartmental models provide a major source of insight into the information processing functions of single neurons. Over the past 15 years, one of the most widely used neuronal morphologies has been the cell called "j4," a layer 5 pyramidal cell from cat visual cortex originally described in Douglas, Martin, and Whitteridge (1991). The cell has since appeared in at least 28 published compartmental modeling studies, including several in this journal. In recently examining why we could not reproduce certain in vitro data involving the attenuation of signals originating in distal basal dendrites, we discovered that pronounced fluctuations in the diameter measurements of j4 lead to a bottlenecking effect that increases distal input resistances and significantly reduces voltage transfer between distal sites and the cell body. Upon smoothing these diameter fluctuations, bringing j4 more in line with other reconstructions of layer 5 pyramidal neurons, we found that the attenuation of steady-state voltage signals traveling to the cell body Vdistal/Vsoma was reduced by 60% at some locations in some branches (corresponding to a 2.5-fold increase in the voltage response at the soma for the same distal depolarization) and by 30% on average (corresponding to a 45% increase in somatic response). Changes of this magnitude could lead to different outcomes in some types of compartmental modeling studies. A smoothed version of the j4 morphology is available online at http://lnc.usc. edu/j4-smooth/.