Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Behavior of Hydromagnetic Surface Waves

The behavior of velocity, magnetic field, and pressure perturbations about a continuously varying interface in pressure equilibrium is investigated in detail within ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. A specific initial value problem is solved in quadrature for a thin interface and compared with the solution for a discontinuous interface. The unattenuated surface wave about a discontinuous interface is replaced at a thin interface by a collective surface disturbance which decays, with the associated energy density flowing into local oscillations within the interface. At long times the envelope of the local oscillations is concentrated within a small fraction of the thin interface (gradients within the envelope increase linearly with time, eventually resulting in a breakdown of the linearized ideal theory). Thus, the derived decay rate of the surface disturbance gives a mode-conversion rate rather than a heating rate. In applications to the propagation and dissipation of surface waves in the solar corona, this rate cannot in general be interpreted as a coronal heating rate.
A scalable Lagrange multiplier based domain decomposition method for time‐dependent problems

We present a new efficient and scalable domain decomposition method for solving implicitly linear and non-linear time-dependent problems in computational mechanics. The method is derived by adding a coarse problem to the recently proposed transient FETI substructuring algorithm in order to propagate the error globally and accelerate convergence. It is proved that in the limit for large time steps, the new method converges toward the FETI algorithm for time-independent problems. Computational results confirm that the optimal convergence properties of the time-independent FETI method are preserved in the time-dependent case. We employ an iterative scheme for solving efficiently the coarse problem on massively parallel processors, and demonstrate the effective scalability of the new transient FETI method with the large-scale finite element dynamic analysis on the Paragon XP/S and IBM SP2 systems of several diffraction grating finite element structural models. We also show that this new domain decomposition method outperforms the popular direct skyline solver. The coarse problem presented herein is applicable and beneficial to a large class of Lagrange multiplier based substructuring algorithms for time-dependent problems, including the fictitious domain decomposition method.
Magnetic field and currents in HTSC films

Magnetic field measurements above type-II superconductor films in a remanent magnetization state have been used to determine two dimensional surface current distributions. Using the Biot-Savart law for the surface current density, integral equations (of 2-D convolution type) for two components of current have been obtained. These equations have been solved by employing Tikhonov's method of generalized discrepancy, and the surface current pattern in superconductors as well as the magnetic field distribution on the film surface have been obtained. Current peculiarities related to various kinds of inhomogeneities, specific character of the film form, and a laser pulse effect have been observed. In particular, it was discovered that a laser pulse can signficantly redistribute the film currents without changing the total number of current vortices in the film.
Weak sharp minima in mathematical programming

The notion of a sharp, or strongly unique, minimum is extended to include the possibility of a nonunique solution set. These minima will be called weak sharp minima. Conditions necessary for the solution set of a minimization problem to be a set of weak sharp minima are developed in both the unconstrained and constrained cases. These conditions are also shown to be sufficient under the appropriate convexity hypotheses. The existence of weak sharp minima is characterized in the cases of linear and quadratic convex programming and for the linear complementarity problem. In particular, a result of Mangasarian and Meyer is reproduced that shows that the solution set of a linear program is always a set of weak sharp minima whenever it is nonempty. Consequences for the convergence theory of algorithms are also examined, especially conditions yielding finite termination.
A new defect‐correction method for the stationary Navier–Stokes equations based on local Gauss integration

A new defect‐correction method for the stationary Navier–Stokes equations based on local Gauss integration is considered in this paper. In both defect step and correction step, a locally stabilized technique based on the Gaussian quadrature rule is used. Moreover, stability and convergence of the presented method are deduced. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to show good stability and effectiveness properties of the presented method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capture-Recapture Models Allowing for Age-Dependent Survival and Capture Rates

A K-sample capture-recapture model for an open population of animals, which allows for different identifiable age categories to have different survival and capture probabilities, is developed. Explicit maximum likelihood estimators of population size and survival rates, together with their asymptotic variances and covariances, are given. A test of whether survival and capture rates are independent of age is shown to be of simple hypergeometric form. An illustrative example based on resighting data of neck-collared giant Canada geese (Branta canadergsis maxima) is presented. The relationship of this model to other capture-recapture and band-recovery models is discussed.
SI-traceable determination of spring constants of various atomic force microscope cantilevers with a small uncertainty of 1%

We have demonstrated the feasibility of using the nano force calibrator (NFC), consisting of a microbalance and a nano-stage, as a calibration device, which can accurately determine normal spring constants (k) of various atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers with traceability to the Système International d'Unités (SI units). From very compliant (k < 0.1 N m−1) to stiff (k > 10 N m−1) cantilevers, three types of commercial levers with different shapes (beam and V) and operating modes (contact and tapping) were chosen to test NFC calibration performances. We have found that all types of levers could be well characterized by the NFC even when a small force (approximately 500 nN) was used to calibrate a soft cantilever (k < 0.1 N m−1). We declared the relative standard uncertainty of the spring constant calibration of our method to be better than 1%, based on calibration results and uncertainty analysis. Because of its small calibration uncertainty, the NFC is recommendable for accurate calibration of AFM cantilevers and as a reference method for assessing other popularly used calibration methods.
Measurements of the tympanic membrane with digital holographic interferometry

In this paper a digital holographic interferometry (DHI) system with three object-illumination beams is used for the first time to detect and measure micrometer deformations on the surface of a tympanic membrane. Using this optical setup allows all three object displacement components x, y, and z, to be independently calculated. The corresponding deformations are registered using a cw laser in stroboscopic mode and a CCD camera synchronized to the excitation acoustic wave that produces a resonant vibration mode on the tympanic membrane surface. A series of digital holographic interferograms record the displacements undergone by the tympanic membrane and from them full field deformation phase maps are obtained. From the latter it is possible to observe the displacement of the tympanic membrane in response to the sound pressure. The study was performed on the tympanic membrane taken from a post-mortem cat. The results show the feasibility to apply a similar optomechanical arrangement for the study in humans, representing an alternative technique for the study of pathologies in the tympanic membrane.
Compact Aperture Tuning Antenna with Hybrid Resonators for Mobile Phone Applications

In this paper, a compact metal-rim smartphone antenna with aperture tuning and hybrid loop/monopole configuration is proposed. The antenna is designed with a keep-out zone of 10×36 mm2 at the corner of the system ground plane with a 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate. The antenna comprises a loop branch and a monopole strip built on the metal rim. Thus, good excitation of hybrid resonant modes is obtained in the operation bands. By employing a varactor inside the radiation aperture, the antenna features a reconfigurable low band with a small size. Lumped components are inserted into the loop to enable the antenna exhibiting a wide tuning bandwidth in the low-frequency band while the high band performance maintains stable. The simulated total efficiency ranges from -3.0 dB to -0.5 dB in the LTE low band (698 – 960 MHz) and is above -1.8 dB in LTE high band (1710–2690 MHz), respectively. The tuning configuration and multi-mode working principle of the antenna are discussed. The proposed antenna is well poised for metal-rim smartphone applications.
Detection of helicopter landing sites in unprepared terrain

The primary usefulness of helicopters shows in missions where regular aircraft cannot be used, especially HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Services). This might be due to requirements for landing in unprepared areas without dedicated runway structures, and an extended exibility to y to more than one previously unprepared target. One example of such missions are search and rescue operations. An important task of such a mission is to locate a proper landing spot near the mission target. Usually, the pilot would have to evaluate possible landing sites by himself, which can be time-intensive, fuel-costly, and generally impossible when operating in degraded visual environments. We present a method for pre-selecting a list of possible landing sites. After specifying the intended size, orientation and geometry of the site, a choice of possibilities is presented to the pilot that can be ordered by means of wind direction, terrain constraints like maximal slope and roughness, and proximity to a mission target. The possible choices are calculated automatically either from a pre-existing terrain data base, or from sensor data collected during earlier missions, e.g., by collecting data with radar or laser sensors. Additional data like water-body maps and topological information can be taken into account to avoid landing in dangerous areas under adverse view conditions. In case of an emergency turnaround the list can be re-ordered to present alternative sites to the pilot. We outline the principle algorithm for selecting possible landing sites, and we present examples of calculated lists.
Stability of Liquid Flow down an Inclined Plane

The stability of a liquid layer flowing down an inclined plane is investigated. A new perturbation method is used to furnish information regarding stability of surface waves for three cases: the case of small wavenumbers, of small Reynolds numbers, and of large wavenumbers. The results for small wavenumbers agree with Benjamin's result obtained by the use of power series expansion, and the results for the two other cases are new. The results for large wavenumbers, zero surface tension, and vertical plate contradict the tentative assertion of Benjamin. The three cases are then re‐examined for shear‐wave stability, and the results compared with those for confined plane Poiseuille flow. The comparison serves to indicate the vestiges of shear waves in the free‐surface flow, and to give a sense of unity in the understanding of the stability of both flows. The case of large wavenumbers also serves as a new example of the dual role of viscosity in stability phenomena.The topological features of the ci curves for.
Digital Twin Simulation System for Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems

In order to adapt to the multi-variety and small-batch production mode, reconfigurable manufacturing systems have been widely applied in various industries. However, the rapid reconfiguration of these systems poses challenges for workshop managers to grasp the workshop status in a real-time and comprehensive manner. This paper proposes a digital twin modeling and simulation technology for reconfigurable manufacturing systems, enabling concurrent production simulation and reconfiguration simulation of reconfigurable manufacturing systems. Through the use of digital twin technology, real-time simulation and visualization of physical workshops can be achieved, enhancing managerial efficiency.
Quantum Theory of Dissipation for Nuclear Collective Motion

We present a theory of energy dissipation in heavy ion and fission process. Beginning with the time-independent coupled channels generator coordinate equations, a statistical treatment leads to a quantal equation in the collective coordinates and excitation energy. Assumptions of adiabaticity lead to a momentum coupled Schroedinger-like equation for the statistical wave-function. This equation describes, in a statistical manner, quantum mechanical collective motion, including dissipation. Therefore, average inelastic cross sections or fragment excitation energies may be obtained. Of course, phenomenologically known functions such as the nuclear mass parameter or potential energy surface can be simply utilized. The new dissipation function (like all the others) is determined by averages of microscopically calculable quantities. Numerical result for a model calculation exhibiting the structure of the equation are presented.
Concentration dependence of the low-shear viscosity of polyelectrolyte micro-networks: From hard spheres to soft microgels

The low-shear viscosity of polyelectrolyte microgels is studied as a function of concentration, crosslink density and ionic strength. The variation of the viscosity with volume fraction is very similar to that found in hard-sphere colloidal suspensions. In salt-free dispersions, osmotic effects are responsible for the de-swelling of microgels at high polymer concentration. This softening effect modifies the viscosity near the overlap concentration.
Latent Growth Modeling for Logistic Response Functions

Throughout much of the social and behavioral sciences, latent growth modeling (latent curve analysis) has become an important tool for understanding individuals' longitudinal change. Although nonlinear variations of latent growth models appear in the methodological and applied literature, a notable exclusion is the treatment of growth following logistic (sigmoidal; S-shape) response functions. Such trajectories are assumed in a variety of psychological and educational settings where learning occurs over time, and yet applications using the logistic model in growth modeling methodology have been sparse. The logistic function, in particular, may not be utilized as often because software options remain limited. In this article we show how a specialized version of the logistic function can be modeled using conventional structural equation modeling software. The specialization is a reparameterization of the logistic function whose new parameters correspond to scientifically interesting characteristics of the growth process. In addition to providing an example using simulated data, we show how this nonlinear functional form can be fit using transformed subject-level data obtained through a learning task from an air traffic controller simulation experiment. LISREL syntax for the empirical example is provided.
Measurements of (n, 2n) Reaction Cross Sections at 14 MeV for Several Nuclei

Abstract Measurements of (n, 2n) reaction cross sections to produce 84Rb, 86Rb, 88Y, 139Ce, 141Ce, 168Tm, 174m+gLu, 180mTa, 184m+gRe, 196n+gAu, and 237U were carried out in the range of 13.4 to 14.8 MeV. The samples were irradiated at various positions on the surface of a two-ring orientation instrument with a 20-cm radius centered at the deuterium-tritium neutron source. The 27Al(n,α)24Na reaction was used to monitor the neutron fluence in the target samples. The neutron energies of different directions were determined using the ratio of 89Zr to 92mNb specific activities induced in Zr and Nb foils by (n, 2n) reactions. The (n, 2n) products were measured using a calibrated Ge detector. Experimental uncertainty was within ±4%. The results are presented and compared with the results of references and ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluations. Cross sections of 85Rb(n, 2n)84Rb, 140Ce(n, 2n)139Ce, and 89Y(n, 2n)88Y were in good agreement with those of ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluations; however, disagreements were observed for 175Lu(n, 2n)174Lu and 142Ce(n, 2n)141Ce between the present data and the ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluation file. The present data showed improvement in accuracy in comparison with previously reported data; therefore, the results should be offered for evaluations of neutron (n, 2n) cross sections.
Analysis of compression methods applied to hyperspectral images

Several well-known methods for lossy compression of still images are here analyzed to evaluate their performance for hyperspectral images. The lossy compression methods discussed are the JPEG standard, and four approaches based on the Wavelet Transform: the Embedded coding of ZeroTree wavelet coefficients, the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees, a Lattice Vector Quantizer, and the new JPEG2K. Experiments are first performed on corpuses of natural grayscale still images to provide a general framework of the performance of each method. Then experiments are performed on several hyperspectral images taken with CASI and AVIRIS sensors. Experiments show that it is possible to employ the basic lossy compression methods for hyperspectral image coding. The wavelet-based approaches produce results consistently better than the JPEG: JPEG can not achieve compression ratios above 75:1; on the other side, with EZT, SPIHT and LVQ compression ratios of 250:1 or higher may be reached. For JPEG2K, higher compression ratios than JPEG may also be reached, but with a PSNR quality lower than the three other techniques. At compression ratios about 8:1, the wavelet methods yield results 1.5 dB better than those of JPEG. These results help to explain why JPEG2K standard uses the WT instead of the DCT.
Direct Computation Of Higher-Order Dct Coefficients From Lower-Order Dct Coefficients

An efficient algorithm is proposed that computes the coefficients of a higher-order discrete cosine transform (DOT) from the coefficients of a lower-order DCT. The main feature of this algorithm is that it calculates the DCT coefficients of the larger block sizes from the DCT coefficients of smaller block sizes without any need to generate the inverse DCT. It is more efficient than the standard approach, which involves an inverse as well as DCT, if the standard fast-Fourier transform (FFT) procedure is used. However, it is not as efficient as the standard procedure if DCT and IDCT are generated using the newly discovered Winograd Fourier transform algorithm. This paper develops the computational algorithm for the one-dimensional DCT, then extends it to the two-dimensional DCT.
Algorithm of Fundamental Equivalent Susceptance of TCR Type SVC

The paper expounds the topology of TCR type SVC and proposes the controller’s implementation. Based on instantaneous reactive power theory, the paper ascertains the overall algorithm on SVC reactive power compensation. It can be refined to three steps: the extraction of active component and reactive component of fundamental, the modeling of compensation susceptances required and the four components of fundamental, and the establishing relationship of the fundamental equivalent susceptance of TCR and the triggering angle.The control performance of the algorithm is valued on accuracy and real-time.
Pressure Sensor Drifts in Argo and Their Impacts

AbstractIn recent years, autonomous profiling floats have become the prime component of the in situ ocean observing system through the implementation of the Argo program. These data are now the dominant input to estimates of the evolution of the global ocean heat content and associated thermosteric sea level rise. The Autonomous Profiling Explorer (APEX) is the dominant type of Argo float (~62%), and a large portion of these floats report pressure measurements that are uncorrected for sensor drift, the size and source of which are described herein. The remaining Argo float types are designed to automatically self-correct for any pressure drift. Only about 57% of the APEX float profiles (or ~38% Argo profiles) can be corrected, but this typically has not been done by the data centers that distribute the data (as of January 2009). A pressure correction method for APEX floats is described and applied to the Argo dataset. A comparison between estimates using the corrected Argo dataset and the publically avail.
Ring ejection in type II supernovae: 1E 0102. 2-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present a velocity map of the young oxygen-rich supernova remnant (1E 0102.2-7219) in the Small Magellanic Cloud, obtained with the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The velocity structure is complex and implies a high degree of asymmetry during the Type II supernova explosion. Our velocity data can be modeled in terms of a severely distorted ring of ejecta. This result, together with the evidence for expanding rings in similar remnants, suggests nonspherical ejection to be an intrinsic characteristic of Type II supernovae. We have also obtained two-dimensional spectroscopy of the diffuse halo of emission which partially surrounds 1E 0102.2-7219. The halo emits in the He II lambda4786 line and is either a fossil H II region created by a UV flash accompanying the supernova, or alternatively, is being excited by intense UV radiation from the remnant itself. It is the first clear association of a high-excitation region with a supernova remnant.
A High-power High Harmonic Suppression Frequency-doubled Power Amplifier Module operating in 20-30 GHz

In this work, we report on the design and validation of a 20-30 GHz frequency-doubled power amplifier module. The output power of the module is improved by using planar power combining structure. The LO and RF signal filters with high out-of-band suppression are adopted to improve the harmonic suppression index of the module. The module provides better than 26 dBm output power in the whole frequency band, and the harmonic spurious suppression ratio is better than 30 dBc.
An electron heating model for a microwave plasma source

A three-dimensional electron heating model is developed for a microwave plasma source with a stub antenna. Electromagnetic flelds are expanded into a Fourier-Bessel series with expansion coe‐cients. The mode excitation method is utilized for obtaining electromagnetic flelds based on a Poynting theorem like relation. Using the obtained analytic electromagnetic flelds, we investigate the characteristics of the electron power absorption. Finally, a tractable form of the plasma resistance is obtained as a function of various plasma and geometrical parameters and applied to carrying out a parametric study. PACS numbers: 52.50. -b, 52.50. Dg
Abrasion-ablation in reactions between relativistic heavy ions

The abrasion-ablation model for reactions between relativistic heavy ions is derived from Glauber's multiple scattering theory. Simple expressions are found for the abrasion cross section and for the excitation energy of the projectile after abrasion. Both quantities depend on nuclear densities and on the nucleon-nucleon forward scattering amplitude. They do not contain any adjustable parameters. With a very simple model for the ablation process, fragmentation cross sections for the production of individual isotopes are calculated. The agreement with experiment is good for most cases. Systematic discrepancies are observed and are analyzed in terms of an extension of the abrasion-ablation model. (AIP)