Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Taylor–Couette flow: radius ratio dependence

Abstract Taylor–Couette flow with independently rotating inner ( $i$ ) and outer ( $o$ ) cylinders is explored numerically and experimentally to determine the effects of the radius ratio $\eta $ on the system response. Numerical simulations reach Reynolds numbers of up to $\mathit{Re}_i=9.5\times 10^3$ and $\mathit{Re}_o=5\times 10^3$ , corresponding to Taylor numbers of up to $\mathit{Ta}=10^8$ for four different radius ratios $\eta =r_i/r_o$ between 0.5 and 0.909. The experiments, performed in the Twente Turbulent Taylor–Couette ( $\mathrm{T^3C}$ ) set-up, reach Reynolds numbers of up to $\mathit{Re}_i=2\times 10^6$ and $\mathit{Re}_o=1.5\times 10^6$ , corresponding to $\mathit{Ta}=5\times 10^{12}$ for $\eta =0.714\mbox{--}0.909$ . Effective scaling laws for the torque $J^{\omega }(\mathit{Ta})$ are found, which for sufficiently large driving $\mathit{Ta}$ are independent of the radius ratio $\eta $ . As previously reported for $\eta =0.714$ , optimum transport at a non-zero Rossby number $\mathit{Ro}=r_i |\omega _i-\omega _o |/[2(r_o-r_i)\omega _o]$ is found in both experiments and numerics. Here $\mathit{Ro}_{opt}$ is found to depend on the radius ratio and the driving of the system. At a driving in the range between $\mathit{Ta}\sim 3\times 10^{8}$ and $\mathit{Ta}\sim 10^{10}$ , $\mathit{Ro}_{opt}$ saturates to an asymptotic $\eta $ -dependent value. Theoretical predictions for the asymptotic value of $\mathit{Ro}_{opt}$ are compared to the experimental results, and found to differ notably. Furthermore, the local angular velocity profiles from experiments and numerics are compared, and a link between a flat bulk profile and optimum transport for all radius ratios is reported.
Differentials in Clinical Severity and other Patient Activity Indicators amongst Black and South Asian Cancer Patients in England

The link between ethnicity, deprivation and health inequalities is well-established. The relationship between ethnicity and cancer is more complex and influenced by a variety of socio-economic, cultural and physiological factors. Understanding the relationship between ethnicity and patient care indicators for specific cancer types is vital if NHS England is to meet the UK government’s stated priority to reduce health inequalities as it recovers from COVID-19. This paper explores the impact of ethnicity on clinical severity, treatment costs and a range of patient activity indicators across three cancer types – chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, multiple myeloma and prostate cancer. The paper uses a dataset derived from the Hospital Episodes Statistics (secondary care) database covering 2016/17 to 2020/21,. This enabled the differential impact of the pandemic on ethnic minority patients to be considered. The data was aggregated by ethnicity and deprivation quintile at a national and Integrated Care System (ICS) level. Clinical severity was proxied using co-morbidity and complications (CC) scores. Multivariate linear regression (OLS) models were used to explore the associations with ethnicity. Black and South Asian patients CC scores were 12.2% and 15.8% higher than the population average (4.1). Controlling for socio-economic deprivation, South Asian patients had higher average clinical severity (+0.57, p<0.01). In addition, ICSs with large South Asian populations were associated with higher CC scores (+0.69, p<0.01). Treatment costs were higher for Black prostate cancer patients with interventions (+£842, p<0.001) and South Asian multiple myeloma patients (+£1686, p<0.001). Both Black and South Asian patients tend to have more spells in hospital. COVID-19 saw total inpatient admissions fall by 18.9%. Black and South Asian inpatient admissions fell by 1.9 and 2.9 percentage points more than the national average respectively. Average clinical severity increased by 7.1% with the largest increase amongst South Asian (+11.5%) and Black (+8.1%) patients. The higher clinical severity in South Asian patients and higher treatment costs in Black patients observed in this study are not accompanied by significant variations in patient activity indicators, which may point to drivers associated with delays to diagnosis or barriers to access to primary care.
Isolation, culturing and 3D bioprinting equine myoblasts

Isolating and culturing myoblasts is essential for techniques such as tissue regeneration and in vitro meat production. This research describes a protocol to isolate primary myoblasts from skeletal muscle of an adult horse. The equine primary myoblasts expressed markers specific to myoblasts and had multipotent potential capabilities with differentiation into chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteoblasts in vitro. The horse myoblasts did not adhere to Cytodex 3 and grew poorly on CultiSpher-S microcarriers during in vitro cultivation. Our studies showed that the use of GelMa bioink and ionic cross-linking did not have negative effects on cell proliferation at the beginning of cultivation. However, cells showed reduced proliferative activity by day 40 following in vitro culturing. The population of primary equine myoblasts obtained from an adult individual, and propagated on microcarriers and bioink, did not meet the requirements of the regenerative veterinary and manufacturing meat in vitro regarding the quantity and quality of the cells required. Nonetheless, further optimization of the cell scaling up process, including both microcarriers and/or the bioreactor program and bioprinting, is still important.
Biodesalination of brackish water coupled with lipid production using native Scenedesmus sp. isolated from a saline lake in Ethiopia, Lake Beseka

Microalgae-based water desalination is an emerging method that uses microalgae to remove salt from brackish and seawater through a natural photosynthetic process. Because of its low energy con-sumption, this technology is expected to provide low-cost desalted water. Furthermore, algal lipid, which is an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production, could be extracted from the recovered algal biomass. Thus, combining algae-based desalination with lipid production could be a solution to the world’s water and energy crises. This study used native Scenedesmus sp. isolated from a brackish Rift Valley lake for simultaneous brackish water desalination and lipid production. Scenedesmus sp. was cultured in Bold’s basal medium containing 0–15 g/L NaCl for 20 d at 30°C and a light level of 65 µmol/m 2 s in a 12 h:12 h light:dark cycle. Maximum and minimum desalination efficiency of 23% and 15% were observed in cultures treated with 2.5 and 15 g/L NaCl, respectively. The highest lipid content of 26% was observed in the culture treated with 10 g/L NaCl, which is 27% higher than the control. The sample treated with 5 g/L NaCl appears to be suitable for the integrated desalination and lipid production system, achieving a desalination efficiency of 17% with lipid production of 109 mg/L. According to the findings of this study, microalgal species from a saline habitat could be used for brackish water biodesalination and lipid production simultaneously.
Exploring Personal and Environmental Factors that Can Reduce Nonmalicious Information Security Violations

ABSTRACT Employee engagement in nonmalicious information security violations (NISVs) is a threat to organizations. The Social Cognitive Theory was used to investigate the effects of personal and environmental factors on the intention to engage in NISVs. Data of 204 working professionals in Germany were used for analysis. Key results showed that personal goal setting, employee organizational commitment, and vicarious learning reduced employees’ intentions to engage in NISVs. Implications of the findings for research and practice were discussed.
Prevalence of Intestinal Helminth Coinfection in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Uganda

Abstract Background Although a third of people with tuberculosis (TB) are estimated to be coinfected with helminths, the prevalence is largely unknown among people with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). We determined the prevalence of helminth coinfection among people with DR-TB in Uganda. Methods In a multicenter, cross-sectional study, eligible Ugandan adults with confirmed DR-TB were consecutively enrolled between July to December 2021 at 4 treatment centers. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Participants underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and blood samples were evaluated for random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, nonfasting lipid profile, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and a complete blood count. Fresh stool samples were evaluated for adult worms, eggs, and larvae using direct microscopy after Kato-Katz concentration techniques. Results Of 212 participants, 156 (73.6%) were male, 118 (55.7%) had HIV, and 3 (2.8%) had malaria coinfection. The prevalence of intestinal helminth coinfection was 4.7% (10/212) (95% confidence interval, 2.6%–8.6%). The frequency of helminth infections was Ancylostoma duodenale (n = 4), Schistosoma mansoni (n = 2), Enterobius vermicularis (n = 2), Ascaris lumbricoides (n = 1), and Trichuris trichiura (n = 1). Conclusions The prevalence of helminth coinfection was low among people with DR-TB. More studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of helminth/DR-TB coinfection.
A New Method of Human Activity Recognition based on Spatio-temporal Interest Points

: Human behavior recognition is one of the major research topics in the field of computer vision in recent years. It is widely used in motion capture, human-computer interaction, video surveillance, video archiving and retrieval. In this paper, a new behavior recognition method based on spatio-temporal interest points is proposed. The spatio-temporal interest points are obtained on the basis of extracting the region of foreground interest. Then two kinds of features, 3D-SIFT and four-dimensional relative coordinates, are extracted, and the idea of word bag is set up. A double word bag method is proposed to represent the behavior, which effectively solves the problem that a single word bag cannot reflect the spatial-temporal relationship between keywords. Finally, K-means clustering algorithm is used to generate two codebooks, namely 3D-SIFT space-time codebook and four-dimensional relative coordinate codebook, and probabilistic subject model is used to realize action recognition. Experiments on Weizmann and KTH datasets show that the proposed algorithm is effective and achieves good recognition results.
Using Adaptive Directed Acyclic Graph for Human In-Hand Motion Identification with Hybrid Surface Electromyography and Kinect

The multi-fingered dexterous robotic hand is increasingly used to achieve more complex and sophisticated human-like manipulation tasks on various occasions. This paper proposes a hybrid Surface Electromyography (SEMG) and Kinect-based human in-hand motion (HIM) capture system architecture for recognizing complex motions of the humans by observing the state information between an object and the human hand, then transferring the manipulation skills into bionic multi-fingered robotic hand realizing dexterous in-hand manipulation. First, an Adaptive Directed Acyclic Graph (ADAG) algorithm for recognizing HIMs is proposed and optimized based on the comparison of multi-class support vector machines; second, ten representative complex in-hand motions are demonstrated by ten subjects, and SEMG and Kinect signals are obtained based on a multi-modal data acquisition platform; then, combined with the proposed algorithm framework, a series of data preprocessing algorithms are realized. There is statistical symmetry in similar types of SEMG signals and images, and asymmetry in different types of SEMG signals and images. A detailed analysis and an in-depth discussion are given from the results of the ADAG recognizing HIMs, motion recognition rates of different perceptrons, motion recognition rates of different subjects, motion recognition rates of different multi-class SVM methods, and motion recognition rates of different machine learning methods. The results of this experiment confirm the feasibility of the proposed method, with a recognition rate of 95.10%.
Biocathodes reducing oxygen in BPE-ECL system for rapid screening of E. coli O157:H7.

After discovery of electron transfer from bacteria, most bacteria known to be electrochemically active are utilized as a self-regenerable catalyst at the anode of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, the reverse phenomenon, cathodic catalysts is not so widely researched. This present study demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 was electrochemically active, and it was able to catalyze oxygen reduction at the cathode of bipolar electrode (BPE). Applying a constant potential to the BPE, E. coli O157:H7 can catalyze electrochemical reduction of O2, decrease the overpotential of O2 reduction at the cathode, which in turn generates an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reporting intensity change at the anode. Significantly, a majority of food matrix does not exhibit catalytic activity for electrochemical reduction of O2. Meanwhile, due to the physically separation of two poles of closed BPE, complex food matrix at the cathode does not interfere with the ECL reaction at the anode. Therefore, the effect of food matrix is negligible when measuring E. coli O157:H7 levels in food. A low detection limit of 10 CFU mL-1 E. coli O157:H7 could be identified within 1 h. Thus, biocathodes reducing oxygen in BPE-ECL system has shown excellent characteristics in the field of rapid detection of electroactive bacteria in food.
Simulating Continuous-Time Infinite Horizon Optimization Models: A Simple Method and Applications

We propose the relaxation algorithm as a simple and powerful method for simulating the transition process in growth models. This method has a number of important advantages: First, it can easily deal with a wide range of dynamic systems including stiff differential equations and systems giving rise to a continuum of stationary equilibria. Second, the application of the procedure is fairly user friendly. The only input required is the dynamic system. Third, the variant of the relaxation algorithm we propose exploits the infinite time horizon, which usually underlies optimal control problems in economics, in a natural manner. Fourth, the algorithm can solve preannounced or anticipated parameter changes in an easy and intuitive way, which makes it very useful for policy analysis, e.g. in a dynamic General Equilibrium context. As an illustrative application, we compute the transition process of the Jones (1995) and the Lucas (1988) models. In addition, we solve the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model for a shock consisting of anticipated parameter changes. Finally, we construct a General Equilibrium model with heterogenous households to demonstrate the potential of the relaxation algorithm. The model is calibrated to Jordanian data and employed to solve different scenarios of trade liberalization between Jordan and the European Union. This model exhibits many of the attributes that makes the application of usual procedures highly inefficient or even impossible.
Zw 0855+06: A Wolf-Rayet Dwarf Galaxy Triggered by a Dwarf-Dwarf Interaction

We present narrowband (Hα and adjacent continuum) and broadband (B and V) optical images of the dwarf Wolf-Rayet galaxy Zw 0855+06 and its companion, together with high-resolution Hα spectroscopy of the main galaxy. We find a bridge of ∼14.7 kpc (∼65″) in length and stellar nature connecting both galaxies, a feature that undoubtedly indicates their mutual interaction. We infer from the narrow width of the bridge that at least one of these two dwarf galaxies had a well-developed disk before the interaction. The light of the main galaxy (MB = -17.82) is dominated by a young and massive ionizing population. There is ample reason to believe that a gravitational interaction with the companion caused the starburst. The companion (MB = -15.84) does not show any evidence of ionized gas, and its population has a B-V color that suggests the presence of intermediate-age (∼109 yr) stars. This case highlights the concept that bursts in H II dwarf galaxies may be caused by interactions with lower luminosity companions. We anticipate that ruling out interactions as the origin of bursts in dwarf galaxies will require deeper surveys than are currently available. We find a backward outflow with a velocity of about 47 km s-1 in the southeast part (∼880 pc from the center) of the main galaxy, suggesting the presence of dynamical effects on the interstellar gas arising from the mechanical action of the massive stars or the interaction process.
Forecasting Hospital Visits Due to Influenza Based on Emergency Department Visits for Fever: A Feasibility Study on Emergency Department-Based Syndromic Surveillance

This study evaluated the use of chief complaint data from emergency departments (EDs) to detect the increment of influenza cases identified from the nationwide medical service usage and developed a forecast model to predict the number of patients with influenza using the daily number of ED visits due to fever. The National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) databases from 2015 to 2019 were used. The definition of fever included having an initial body temperature ≥ 38.0 °C at an ED department or having a report of fever as a patient’s chief complaint. The moving average number of visits to the ED due to fever for the previous seven days was used. Patients in the NHIS with the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes of J09, J10, or J11 were classified as influenza cases, with a window duration of 100 days, assuming the claims were from the same season. We developed a forecast model according to an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method using the data from 2015 to 2017 and validated it using the data from 2018 to 2019. Of the 29,142,229 ED visits from 2015 to 2019, 39.9% reported either a fever as a chief complaint or a ≥38.0 °C initial body temperature at the ED. ARIMA (1,1,1) (0,0,1)7 was the most appropriate model for predicting ED visits due to fever. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value showed the prediction accuracy of the model. The correlation coefficient between the number of ED visits and the number of patients with influenza in the NHIS up to 14 days before the forecast, with the exceptions of the eighth, ninth, and twelfth days, was higher than 0.70 (p-value = 0.001). ED-based syndromic surveillances of fever were feasible for the early detection of hospital visits due to influenza.
Study Habits and Academic Performance of Basic School Learners of Atwima-Nwabiagya District of Ashanti Region, Ghana

The purpose of the study was to investigate study habits and academic performance of basic school learners. The design used was descriptive survey. The accessible population was 3,150 learners, made up of 1,514 boys and 1,636 girls. The sample was 355 basic eight learners of the schools. Computer random number method of proportionate simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample, which was made up of 171 boys and 184 girls. Questionnaire with a generated reliability coefficient of 0.827 was the instrument used. Both primary and secondary data were used. Means, standard deviations and linear multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that learners do not study at least for three hours each day after classes and also, they do not attend extra classes. Again, learners’ parents do not help them in managing their private time to study at home. Learners’ study habit contributes 64.1 percent significantly to their academic performance. It is, therefore, recommended that headteachers and teachers of basic schools should ensure that learners develop and maintain positive attitude towards learning and that they will make use of appropriate study habits in the school. Parents should also help learners to manage their private time judiciously and effectively in studying to boost their academic performance.
Aperiodic lattices for tunable photonic bandgaps and localization

Photonic bandgap engineering using aperiodic lattices (ALs) is systematically studied. Up to now ALs have tended to be defined by specific formulae (e.g. Fibonacci, Cantor), and theories have neglected other useful ALs along with the vast majority of non-useful (random) ALs. Here we present a practical and efficient Fourier space-based general theory, to identify all those ALs having useful band properties, which are characterized by well-defined Fourier (i.e. lattice momentum) components. Direct real-space optimization of ALs tends to be computationally demanding, and is also difficult to generalise beyond 1D. However, via our Fourier space-based inverse optimization algorithm, we efficiently tailor the relative strength of the AL Fourier components for precise control of photonic band and localization properties.
Future constraints on neutrino isocurvature perturbations in the curvaton scenario

In the curvaton scenario, residual isocurvature perturbations can be imprinted in the cosmic neutrino component after the decay of the curvaton field, implying in turn a non-zero chemical potential in the neutrino distribution. We study the constraints that future experiments like Planck or CMBPol will be able to put on the amplitude of isocurvature perturbations in the neutrino component. We express our results in terms of the square root gamma of the non-adiabaticity parameter alpha and of the extra relativistic degrees of freedom \Delta N_eff. Assuming a fiducial model with purely adiabatic fluctuations, we find that Planck (CMBPol) will be able to put the following upper limits at the 1sigma level: gamma < 5.3x10^{-3} (1.5x10^{-3}) and \Delta N_eff < 0.16\,(0.043). Finally, we recast these bounds in terms of the background neutrino degeneracy parameter xi and the corresponding perturbation amplitude sigma_xi, and compare with the bounds on xi that can be derived from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Interturn Short-Circuit Fault Diagnosis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle Based on Search Coil

This article proposes an interturn short-circuit fault diagnosis method for permanent magnet synchronous machines for electric vehicles based on search coils (SC) with a unique structure. In this proposed structure, the SCs are uniformly wound in the main flux direction of each phase, and the number of SCs is twice the number of phases, resulting in significant cost savings. Based on this structure, a novel fault feature based on the negative-sequence components of the second carrier frequency sideband harmonics in the voltage signal of the SC is proposed. As a result, this fault characteristic frequency component is not only more obvious than the fundamental component used in the traditional SCs method but also can be transformed to a dc indicator by two coordinate transformations, which is conducive to online implementation in both stationary and nonstationary conditions. Finally, experiments are presented to verify the proposed diagnosis strategy.
$p$-primary components of homotopy groups IV. Compositions and toric constructions

will be defined i f a E G„, ,8EG„ and 7 EG I satisfy the condition 014 4 . 7 = 0 . This is different only in s ign to one given in Chapter 5 o f [ 4 ] . Denote by a, E G2 p , a generator o f 7r2 p _3 ( ; P) = Z p and choose elements a, o f G„ ( p _i ) , inductively such that at c la t, P t, ail. D e n o t e b y 13,, 1 < s < p , a generator of 7r2(sp, ; P)—Zp, and denote by 3 '; th e r fo ld iterated composition /3 •-io • • • . 13 , of 3, • There exist elements a , 1 < r<p , such that p a = c ç p for 1<r<p — 1 and p p = Cecp _ n p ± X CY l o,8r for some integer x. Then these elements and their compositions generate the p-components k ( ; p ) of the stable groups Gk for k<2p 2 (p —1) —3.