Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social inferences regarding inattentive-overactive and aggressive child behavior and their effects on teacher reports of discipline

Examined the responses of practicum students and experienced teachers to inattentive/overactive and aggressive child behaviors presented in classroom vignettes. Social inferences were different for the two types of behavior: The inattentive/over-active child was believed to have less control and responsibility for his behavior. Participants also reported more negative affect in response to aggressive child behavior and saw punishment to be more appropriate for aggressive than inattentive/overactive behaviors. These views on the appropriateness of punishment for the two types of behavior were mediated by social inferences about the behaviors and affective reactions to them. The effects of diagnostic status on social inferences and reactions were also examined; the presence of a diagnosis was associated with perceptions of increased deviance and, among more experienced teachers, a belief that it was less appropriate to ignore the misbehavior of the child with a diagnosis. The results support the importance .
Correlates of Classroom Behavior Problems among Learning Disabled and Nondisabled Children in Mainstream Classes

A multiple-regression design was used to identify predictors of behavior problems among learning disabled (LD) and non-learning disabled (non-LD) children. The correlates of classroom behavior for groups of 40 LD and 40 non-LD students were identified from among various personality indicators including self-concept, temperament, and locus of control. Only 10 of 66 correlations for the LD group were significant; 30 correlations were significant for the non-LD group. One personality variable —reactivity—predicted total problem behavior for the LD group, yielding an R-square of . 19. For the non-LD group, a two-variable model, including reactivity and social flexibility, predicted variance in total problem behavior, yielding an R-square of . 60. Implications of the results are discussed stressing the need for additional research on correlates of problem behaviors in mainstream classes.
Developing Responsive Teachers: A Challenge for a Demographic Reality

In this article, the authors reflect on the preparation of teachers for English learners (ELs) and articulate the importance of enhancing teacher knowledge through contact and collaboration with diverse ethnolinguistic communities. The authors build on recent research on the preparation of teachers for cultural responsiveness and linguistic diversity and recommend a situated preparation within EL communities that fosters the development of teacher knowledge of the dynamics of language in children’s lives and communities. The authors begin their review by summarizing recent demographic developments for ELs. This section is followed by a brief review of the context of education for ELs. The authors summarize the most recent research on culturally and linguistically responsive teacher preparation and focus on a framework that includes developing teacher knowledge through contact, collaboration, and community.
Novel algorithms for efficient exploration of the tradeoffs between cell count and performance in wireless networks

The ability to design and optimize a wireless network is critical to equipment and networking service providers such as Lucent Technologies. To compete successfully, network designers must understand the tradeoffs between network coverage, capacity, and cost and be able to efficiently find a competitive design that prioritizes these different elements according to customer needs. In this paper, we develop and compare novel cell site selection algorithms that maximize network performance while minimizing cell count and associated costs. We discuss how these tradeoffs can be explored by tailoring algorithms to seek solutions that emphasize either capacity or coverage and balance these objectives with cost. We consider the algorithms' utility by applying the algorithms to a realistic example of a technology upgrade and network overlay, and we find that they enable an efficient exploration of the design tradeoffs.
Roles of Aspergillus nidulans Cdc42/Rho GTPase regulators in hyphal morphogenesis and development

The Rho-related family of GTPases are pivotal regulators of morphogenetic processes in diverse eukaryotic organisms. In the filamentous fungi two related members of this family, Cdc42 and Rac1, perform particularly important roles in the establishment and maintenance of hyphal polarity. The activity of these GTPases is tightly controlled by two sets of regulators: guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Despite the importance of Cdc42 and Rac1 in polarized hyphal growth, the morphogenetic functions of their cognate GEFs and GAPs have not been widely characterized in filamentous fungi outside the Saccharomycotina. Here we present a functional analysis of the Aspergillus nidulans homologs of the yeast GEF Cdc24 and the yeast GAP Rga1. We show that Cdc24 is required for the establishment of hyphal polarity and localizes to hyphal tips. We also show that Rga1 is necessary for the suppression of branching in developing conidiophores. During asexual development Rga1 appears to act primarily via Cdc42 and in doing so serves as a critical determinant of conidiophore architecture. Our results provide new insight into the roles of Cdc42 during development in A. nidulans.
An Algorithm with Guaranteed Convergence for Finding a Zero of a Function

An algorithm is presented for finding a zero of a function which changes sign in a given interval. The algorithm combines linear interpolation and inverse quadratic interpolation with bisection. Convergence is usually superlinear, and is never much slower than for bisection. ALGOL 60 procedures are given. Comments Only the Abstract is given here. The full paper appeared as [1]. For similar material see [2, Chapter 4]. Related algorithms are described in [3, 4]. References [1] R. P. Brent, “An algorithm with guaranteed convergence for finding a zero of a function”, Computer J. 14 (1971), 422–425. MR 49#4234, Zbl 231.65046. rpb005. [2] R. P. Brent, Algorithms for Minimization without Derivatives, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1973, 195 pp. MR 49#4251, CR 15#26544. rpb011. [3] T. J. Dekker, “Finding a zero by means of successive linear interpolation”, in Constructive Aspects of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra (edited by B. Dejon and P. Henrici), Interscience, New York, 1969. [4] J. H. Wilkinson, Two Algorithms based on Successive Linear Interpolation, Technical Report CS 60, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 1967. Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 65H05; Secondary 65-04, 65G05, 65H20, 68-04, 68Q25.
The MERL SpokenQuery information retrieval system a system for retrieving pertinent documents from a spoken query

This paper describes some key concepts developed and used in the design of a spoken-query based information retrieval system developed at the Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs (MERL). Innovations in the system include automatic inclusion of signature terms of documents in the recognizer's vocabulary, the use of uncertainty vectors to represent spoken queries, and a method of indexing that accommodates the usage of uncertainty vectors. This paper describes these techniques and includes experimental results that demonstrate their effectiveness.
Economic Impact of a Rotavirus Vaccine in Brazil

The study was done to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a national rotavirus vaccination programme in Brazilian children from the healthcare system perspective. A hypothetical annual birth-cohort was followed for a five-year period. Published and national administrative data were incorporated into a model to quantify the consequences of vaccination versus no vaccination. Main outcome measures included the reduction in disease burden, lives saved, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted. A rotavirus vaccination programme in Brazil would prevent an estimated 1,804 deaths associated with gastroenteritis due to rotavirus, 91,127 hospitalizations, and 550,198 outpatient visits. Vaccination is likely to reduce 76% of the overall healthcare burden of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in Brazil. At a vaccine price of US$ 7-8 per dose, the cost-effectiveness ratio would be US$ 643 per DALY averted. Rotavirus vaccination can reduce the burden of gastroenteritis due to rotavirus at a reasonable cost-effectiveness ratio.
The Memoirs of Cordell Hull

Cordell Hull, who set one endurance record as secretary of state, has at least come close to setting another. His term of nearly twelve years, from March 4, 1933, to November 27, 1944, far exceeded that of any of his predecessors; and now he has told the story of his life in a book of some 750,000 words, which cannot be far from the longest work of its kind ever published by any statesman in our history. More than nine tenths of it relates to the period after he became secretary of state. Only one of Hull's predecessors, John Quincy Adams, left a comparable account of his public life, and this, unlike Hull's, took the form of a diary which was not published until some years after his death and which deals extensively with other aspects of his career besides his secretaryship of state. A more direct and significant comparison can be made with the recently published quasi-autobiography of Henry L. Stimson, On Active Service in Peace and War. The two men are contemporaries (Stimson was born in 1867, Hull in 1871), and both rendered their most important public services as cabinet officers. As secretary of state for four years under Hoover, Stimson was Hull's immediate predecessor in that office, and he was Hull's colleague in Franklin Roosevelt's war cabinet. His aggregate cabinet service, including also his two terms as secretary of war (under Taft 1909-11, and Franklin Roosevelt, 1940-45), was as long as Hull's and no less important. Yet Stimson's story has been admirably told in less than one third as many words as Hull's. Nor is this the only striking difference between the two. The difference in form need not detain us long. Hull tells his whole story in the first person; -nearly all of Stimson's is told in the third person by his collaborator, McGeorge Bundy.
Trust building for SMEs in B2B e-Markets - a case study of the SEEMseed project

The growth of Business-to-Business (B2B) e-Markets provides Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) with a great opportunity to expand their business. However, SMEs are encountering many uncertainties and challenges in these new e-Business relationships. Trust building is strategically important for them to enter, develop and maintain e-Business relationships. This paper presents part of the research work on trust building for SMEs undertaken in the SEEMseed project (Study, Evaluate, and Explore in the Domain of the Single Electronic European Market). By investigating the general trust building mechanisms in business networks, inter-organizational relationships, e-Business, and among SMEs, this study develops a conceptual model for trust building in the SEEM (Single Electronic European Market), which forms a baseline for the trust building study in the SEEMseed project. Some of the initial findings of this study regarding the risks facing SMEs for trust building in the SEEM are also presented.
Determinants of dental care visits among low-income African-American children.

BACKGROUND The objective of the authors' analysis was to investigate the determinants of dental care visits among young, low-income African-American children. METHODS Trained researchers interviewed a representative sample of low-income black families (caregivers and children aged 0 through 5 years) in Detroit to assess their dental visit history, dental insurance status and oral health behaviors. Dental examinations were conducted using the International Caries Diagnosis Assessment System (ICDAS). Of the 1,021 families who completed an interview and examination, a subset of the 552 children aged 3 to 5 years (and their primary caregivers) was the focus of this analysis. RESULTS Children with private dental insurance had four times higher odds of having visited a dentist compared with those who had no dental insurance, and the odds for children receiving Medicaid were about 1.5 times higher. A child's age and a caregiver's educational attainment were positive and significant determinants of child dental visits. Caregivers who visited a dentist for preventive reasons were five times more likely to have taken their children to visit the dentist. Visiting a dentist was associated with an increased mean number of filled or missing tooth surfaces, but it was not significantly associated with the mean number of untreated decayed teeth. CONCLUSION Children's dental insurance status was a significant determinant of their having visited a dentist. Even after the authors accounted for insurance status and other risk indicators, they found that children of caregivers who reported visiting a dentist for preventive care had a higher number of dental care visits. Determinants of caregivers' preventive dental visits must be identified and encouraged to improve the percentage of low-income children who visit dentists.
Preconception Care

Statistical reports describe a troubling portrait of infant mortality in the United States today. This rate, an indicator of the health of a nation, has not declined in the past 5 years and is marked by enormous disparities among racial and ethnic groups. Although the overall infant mortality rate in the United States is 6.86 per 1,000 live births, the rate for non-Hispanic Black infants is 13.63 deaths per 1,000 live births. Among developed nations, the United States now ranks 29th in infant mortality. It is believed that lack of preconception care and late entry into prenatal care are contributing factors to infant mortality. Preconception care, although not a new concept, has not been universally adopted into the health care setting. This article examines the potential barriers to developing and using preconception care and policy implications related to nursing practice.
Perceptions of Occupational Performance and Subjective Quality of Life in Persons with Severe Mental Illness

Abstract The goal of this study was to understand the relationship between perceptions (among clients and rehabilitation workers) of occupational performance in the domain of work and subjective quality of life. A total of 29 persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia participated in this study. The Wisconsin Quality of Life-Client Questionnaire, the Work Personality Profile and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were used for this study. The results showed few statistically significant correlations between indicators of subjective quality of life and perceptions, by clients and rehabilitation workers, of occupational performance. The results, however, highlighted the differences between younger and older participants in relation to occupational performance and subjective quality of life.
Feedback control applied to survivability: a host-based autonomic defense system

We address the problem of information system survivability, or dynamically preserving intended functionality & computational performance, in the face of malicious intrusive activity. A feedback control approach is proposed which enables tradeoffs between the failure cost of a compromised information system and the maintenance cost of ongoing defensive countermeasures. Online implementation features an inexpensive computation architecture consisting of a sensor-driven recursive estimator followed by an estimate-driven response selector. Offline design features a systematic empirical procedure utilizing a suite of mathematical modeling and numerical optimization tools. The engineering challenge is to generate domain models and decision strategies offline via tractable methods, while achieving online effectiveness. We illustrate the approach with experimentation results for a prototype autonomic defense system which protects its host, a Linux-based web-server, against an automated Internet worm attack. The overall approach applies to other types of computer attacks, network-level security and other domains which could benefit from automatic decision-making based on a sequence of sensor measurements.
Intérêt du bilan neuropsychologique en centre périphérique, dans le cadre des bilans préchirurgicaux chez des patients souffrant d'épilepsie du lobe temporal : une analyse multicas

L’epilepsie du lobe temporal median est une epilepsie focale des plus courantes dont la pharmacoresistance elevee conduit frequemment a un recours chirurgical. Cet article a pour objectif de montrer, a travers quatre etudes de patients potentiellement candidats a la chirurgie, l’interet des bilans prechirurgicaux et notamment du bilan neuropsychologique contribuant a localiser le foyer epileptogene. Les trois premiers patients presentaient une sclerose hippocampique (SH), a gauche pour deux d’entre eux et a droite pour le dernier. Une dissociation a ete notee entre les performances en memoire verbale et visuelle, au detriment de la memoire verbale chez le patient ayant la SH gauche la plus marquee, et au detriment de la memoire visuelle chez le patient avec SH droite. Le quatrieme patient presentait une dysplasie corticale au niveau du noyau amygdalien droit. L’evaluation cognitive prechirurgicale a egalement permis de predire les risques cognitifs postchirurgicaux. Ce travail sera discute dans la perspective d’une validation d’une echelle de memoire verbale et visuelle a utiliser specifiquement dans ce cadre.
Comparative Effects of Halothane, Enflurane, and Isoflurane at Equipotent Anesthetic Concentrations on Isolated Ventricular Myocardium of the Ferret. I. Contractility

The effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on myocardial contractility were compared in papillary muscles of the right ventricle of adult male ferrets at 30° C. Isotonic and isometric variables of contractility were measured before, during, and after exposure to incremental concentrations of halothane (n = 9 muscles), enflurane (n = 9 muscles), and isoflurane (n. = 9 muscles), in steps of 0.25 MAC up to 1.5 MAC of halothane and of enflurane, and up to 2.0 MAC of isoflurane Each of the three anesthetics caused a dose-dependent reversible decrease in contractility. The onset of maximal myofibrillar activation was delayed in a dose-dependent manner, and time to peak shortening of the isotonic preloaded twitch was unchanged, except for a slight decrease at >1 MAC of enflurane. Isoflurane's negative inotropic effects were clearly less than those of cither halothane or enflurane. Comparison of the time course of contraction and relaxation in both isometric and isotonic twitches suggests that, in addition to effects on intracellular calcium availability, these anesthetics decrease the myofibrillar responsiveness to calcium and/or the calcium sensitivity of the contractile proteins.
Abnormal Time Experiences in Major Depression: An Empirical Qualitative Study

Background: Phenomenological psychopathology, through theoretical and idiographic studies, conceptualizes major depressive disorder (MDD) as a disorder of time experience. Investigations on abnormal time experience (ATE) in MDD adopting methodologies requested by the standards of empirical sciences are still lacking. Our study aimed to provide a qualitative analysis, on an empirical ground and on a large scale, of narratives of temporal experiences of persons affected by MDD. Methods: We interviewed 550 consecutive patients affected by affective and schizophrenic disorders. Clinical files were analysed by means of consensual qualitative research. Results: Out of 100 MDD patients, 96 reported at least 1 ATE. The principal categories of ATE are vital retardation - the experience of a stagnation of endogenous vital processes (37 patients), the experience of present and future dominated by the past (29 patients), and the experience of the slackening of the flow oftime (25 patients). A comparison with ATE in schizophrenia patients showed that in MDD, unlike in schizophrenia, there is no disarticulation of time experience (disorder of temporal synthesis) but rather a disorder of conation or inhibition of becoming. Limitations: The interview style was not meant to make a quantitative assessment (“false negatives” cannot be excluded). Conclusions: Our findings confirm the relevance of distinctive features of ATE in MDD, support the hypothesis of an intrinsic disordered temporal structure in depressive symptoms, and may have direct implications in clinical practice, especially in relation to differential diagnosis, setting the boundaries between “true” and milder forms of depression, and neurobiological research.
Stochastic activation of the response regulator PhoB by noncognate histidine kinases

Abstract Two-component systems (TCS) are the most prevalent gene regulatory mechanism in bacteria. A typical TCS is comprised of a histidine kinase (HK) and a partner response regulator (RR). Specific environment signals lead to autophosphorylation of different HKs, which in turn act as phosphoryl donors for autophosphorylation of their partner RRs. Nonpartner HKs and RRs also interact, giving rise to cross regulation among TCSs in response to diverse signals. PhoR (HK) and PhoB (RR) constitute the TCS for detection of environmental (extracellular) inorganic phosphate (Pi). The PhoR/PhoB TCS controls the expression of a large number of genes for acquisition of alternative phosphorus sources, including phoA, which encodes the non-specific phosphohydrolase bacterial alkaline phosphatase (Bap). Cross activation of PhoB by the nonpartner HK CreC is now a classic example of cross regulation among TCSs. A systematic search for other cross talking HKs revealed five additional HKs that activate (phosphorylate) PhoB (J. M. B. and B. L. W., unpublished data). Examination of cross activation of PhoB by these non-partner HKs by flow cytometry at the single-cell level revealed a bimodal, “all-or-none,” distribution pattern for expression of a phoAp-gfp (green fluorescent protein) reporter fusion. Although the basis of the observed stochastic behavior is unclear, it seems to reflect an inherent property of TCSs. We propose that cells exploit the stochastic character of TCSs to achieve nongenetic (epigenetic) diversity within genetically homogeneous cell populations in order to facilitate adaptation to environmental changes.