Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic Laser Interferometry

If the pupil of the eye is illuminated by a collimated laser beam the light returning from the eye exhibits Newton's interference fringes. This phenomenon can be used (1) to measure fundus tissue pulsations and (2) to measure the optical length of the eye. A first series of clinical measurements of patients with angiological problems has shown a clear correlation of the interferometrically measured fundus pulsations with circulation conditions. First measurements of the optical length of human eyes indicate a very high potential precision of this new technique.
Age-Associated Upregulation of Glutamate Transporters and Glutamine Synthetase in Senescent Astrocytes In Vitro and in the Mouse and Human Hippocampus

Aging is marked by complex and progressive physiological changes, including in the glutamatergic system, that lead to a decline of brain function. Increased content of senescent cells in the brain, such as glial cells, has been reported to impact cognition both in animal models and human tissue during normal aging and in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Changes in the glutamatergic synaptic activity rely on the glutamate-glutamine cycle, in which astrocytes handle glutamate taken up from synapses and provide glutamine for neurons, thus maintaining excitatory neurotransmission. However, the mechanisms of glutamate homeostasis in brain aging are still poorly understood. Herein, we showed that mouse senescent astrocytes in vitro undergo upregulation of GLT-1, GLAST, and glutamine synthetase (GS), along with the increased enzymatic activity of GS and [3H]-D-aspartate uptake. Furthermore, we observed higher levels of GS and increased [3H]-D-aspartate uptake in the hippocampus of aged mice, although the activity of GS was similar between young and old mice. Analysis of a previously available RNAseq dataset of mice at different ages revealed upregulation of GLAST and GS mRNA levels in hippocampal astrocytes during aging. Corroborating these rodent data, we showed an increased number of GS + cells, and GS and GLT-1 levels/intensity in the hippocampus of elderly humans. Our data suggest that aged astrocytes undergo molecular and functional changes that control glutamate-glutamine homeostasis upon brain aging.
Time-frequency Analysis of Electromagnetic Pulse Responses From a One-dimensional Plasma Medium

Electromagnetic (EM) pulse responses from one-dimensional plasma layer are analyzed in time-frequency domain by using the short-time Fourier transform and the scattering mechanisms of EM wave in plasma media are investigated. Through the processing of numerical scattering data for a multi-layered plasma medium, several distinct scattering mechanisms related to the dispersion can be observed in time-frequency plane. Clear interpretations are given for these scattering mechanisms: dispersion curves due to the multiple reflections inside the plasma layer, the effect of resonance in each layer, and the reflection from a turning point where the frequency of the incident pulse coincide with the plasma frequency. Although these scattering mechanisms are not immediately apparent in either the time domain or frequency domain, they can clearly be identified in time-frequency domain.
Effects of communicating lifetime risks and screening rates of colorectal cancer and breast cancer

Colorectal cancer and breast cancer are among the most common types of cancer in the United States, and cancer screening is an effective way to detect and treat these cancers early. Health news stories, medical websites, and media campaigns regularly highlight the national lifetime risks of specific cancers and their screening rates, but recent research suggests that people tend to overestimate the prevalence of health problems but underestimate the prevalence of disease prevention behaviors in the absence of numerical information. This study featured two online experiments, one focused on breast cancer (N = 632) and one focused on colorectal cancer (N = 671), to examine the effects of communicating national cancer lifetime risks and screening rates among samples of screening‐eligible adults in the United States. Findings confirmed prior work in showing that people overestimated colorectal/breast cancer lifetime risks but underestimated colorectal/breast cancer screening rates. Communicating the national lifetime risk of dying from colorectal/breast cancer lowered people's national risk estimates, which in turn was associated with lower perceived cancer risks for themselves. In contrast, communicating the national colorectal/breast cancer screening rate increased people's estimates of the prevalence of cancer screening, which in turn was associated with higher perceived self‐efficacy to engage in cancer screening and greater screening intentions. We conclude that efforts to promote cancer screening may benefit from messages that include data on national cancer screening rates but may not benefit from including national rates of lifetime cancer risks.
Effects of Bout Duration on Load, Sprint, and Jump Ability During a One-on-one Transition Task

Abstract This study examined the training load on professional soccer players during transition games performed with different bout durations and their effects on speed and jump tests. Fourteen young soccer players played a transition game of different bout durations: 15 (TG 15 ), 30 (TG 30 ), and 60 (TG 60 ) seconds. Total distance covered (DC), accelerations and decelerations above 1.0 and 2.5 m·s -2 , rate of perceived exertion (RPE), maximal heart rate (HR max ) and above 90% (HR >90 ), distance covered between 18.0–20.9 km·h -1 (DC 18.0–20.9 km·h -1 ), 21.0–23.9 km·h -1 (DC 21.0–23.9 km·h -1 ), above 24.0 km·h -1 (DC>24.0 km·h -1 ), peak speed, sprint profile, sprint, and countermovement jump tests were recorded. TG 15 obtained greater DC, DC>21.0 km·h -1 , Player load, Acc>2.5 m·s -2 than TG 30 and TG 60 ( p <0.01) and Acc<2.5 m·s -2 , Dec>2.5 m·s -2 than TG 60 ( p <0.01). TG 30 showed more HR >90 and RPE ( p <0.01) than TG 15, and DC, DC>18.0 km·h -1 , Player load, Acc>2.5 m·s -2 , Dec>2.5 m·s -2 , HR >90 and RPE than TG 60 ( p <0.01 and<0.05). Transition games showed lower sprint and jump results after the intervention ( p <0.01). Bout duration has been configured as an important constraint that influences the transition games and the performance of soccer players.
Oleanolic acid suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in vivo

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of triterpene oleanolic acid on the brain tissue of mice with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures. Male Swiss albino mice were randomly separated into five groups as the PTZ, control, and oleanolic acid (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) groups. PTZ injection was seen to cause significant seizures compared with the control group. Oleanolic acid significantly prolonged the latency to onset of myoclonic jerks and the duration of clonic convulsions, and decreased mean seizure scores following PTZ administration. Pretreatment with oleanolic acid also led to an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT and AChE) and levels (GSH and SOD) in the brain. The data obtained from this study support oleanolic acid may have anticonvulsant potential in PTZ-induced seizures, prevent oxidative stress and protect against cognitive disturbances. These results may provide useful information for the inclusion of oleanolic acid in epilepsy treatment.
Fluid transport by cilia between parallel plates

The problem of fluid transport by cilia is investigated using the Green's function for a Stokeslet between two parallel plates. The discrete-cilia approach is used in building the model, and a readily usable expression for the velocities is obtained. Dependence on the direction of the metachronal wave and on time is not averaged out. Velocity fields, pressure fields and fluxes due to a single Stokeslet and to an infinite line of Stokeslets are discussed. It is found that the flux associated with Stokeslets in between two parallel plates is always zero, in contrast to a Stokeslet parallel to, and above, one plate. In the model one also has to add a plane Poiseuille flow, which incorporates non-zero flux. The flow due to the Stokeslet solution imposes a positive pressure gradient downstream, and the Poiseuille flow a negative pressure gradient. Calculated velocity profiles, in the pumping range, are seen to be time-independent in the centre of the channel and vary between a negative parabolic profile and a plug flow. The reason for these profiles and some possible biological applications are discussed.
Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose can be a Cause of False Tumor Recurrence on PET/CT in Patients with Lung Cancer Treated Surgically

Objectives: Regular follow-up of patients with lung cancer treated surgically is crucial to detect local recurrence or distant metastasis of the tumor. Postoperative follow-ups are performed with thorax computed tomography (CT) and, if necessary, positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Sometimes, inflammatory tissue reactions due to the materials used during the surgery for hemostasis may cause the appearance of tumor recurrence in imaging modalities. In this study, we presented that oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) used intraoperatively may cause false tumor recurrence on PET/CT. Methods: The records of patients who had local tumor recurrence after lung cancer surgery was reviewed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were the presence of local recurrence of cancer on PET/CT, specification of using ORC in the surgical notes, and histopathological diagnosis of the recurrence site of tumor was reported as a foreign body reaction. Data of patients were collected according to age, gender, surgery performed, adjuvant therapy status, resolution status and time ORC, and standard uptake value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose on PET/CT. Results: Eleven patients (1 female, 10 males) who met the criteria were included in the study. The median age was 64. Histopathological results of all patients were reported as foreign body reactions. The median detection time of PET/CT positivity after surgery was 139 days (range: 52-208 days). False tumor recurrence was resolved in 8 patients (72.7%) in their control radiological examinations and median resolution time was 334 days (range: 222-762 days). The median maximum standard uptake value of the lesions was 6.2 (1.7-11) on the PET/CT. Conclusion: ORC used intraoperatively in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer may cause false tumor recurrence in imaging modalities in postsurgical follow-ups. When tumor recurrence is suspected in the follow-up of these patients, histopathological confirmation is necessary to prevent unnecessary operations and treatments.
The prognostic impact of acute kidney injury recovery patterns in critically ill patients with cirrhosis

Background: The prognostic impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) recovery patterns in critically ill patients with cirrhosis is unknown. We aimed to compare mortality stratified by AKI recovery patterns and identify predictors of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and AKI admitted to the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: Patients with cirrhosis and AKI from 2016 to 2018 at 2 tertiary care intensive care units were analyzed (N=322). AKI recovery was defined by Acute Disease Quality Initiative consensus: return of serum creatinine <0.3 mg/dL of baseline within 7 days of AKI onset. Recovery patterns were categorized by Acute Disease Quality Initiative consensus: 0–2 days, 3–7 days, and no-recovery (persistence of AKI >7 d). Landmark competing risk univariable and multivariable models (liver transplant as competing risk) was used to compare 90-day mortality between AKI recovery groups and to determine independent predictors of mortality. Results: Sixteen percent (N=50) and 27% (N=88) achieved AKI recovery within 0–2 and 3–7 days, respectively; 57% (N=184) had no-recovery. Acute on chronic liver failure was prevalent (83%) and patients with no-recovery were more likely to have grade 3 acute on chronic liver failure (N=95, 52%) compared to patients with AKI recovery [0–2: 16% (N=8); 3–7: 26% (N=23); p<0.001]. Patients with no-recovery had significantly higher probability of mortality [unadjusted-sub-HR (sHR): 3.55; 95% CI: 1.94–6.49; p<0.001] compared to patients with recovery within 0–2 days, while the probability was similar between 3–7 and 0–2 days (unadjusted-sub-HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.91–3.20; p=0.09). On multivariable analysis, AKI no-recovery (sub-HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.33–3.24; p=0.001), severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (sub-HR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.20–4.83; p=0.01), and ascites (sub-HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.05–2.44; p=0.03) were independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: AKI no-recovery occurs in over half of critically ill patients with cirrhosis and AKI and is associated with worse survival. Interventions that facilitate AKI recovery may improve outcomes in this patient population.
Physical Conditions in Photodissociation Regions - Application to Galactic Nuclei

Infrared and sub-millimeter observations are used in a simple procedure to determine average physical properties of the neutral interstellar medium in Galactic photodissociation regions as well as in ensembles of clouds which exist in the nuclei of luminous infrared galaxies. The relevant observations include the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) infrared continuum measurements, infrared spectroscopy of the fine-structure lines of SiII 35 microns, OI 63 microns, and CII 158 microns, and the 2.6 mm CO (J=1-0) rotational transition. The diagnostic capabilities of the OI 145 microns line is also addressed. Researchers attribute these emission lines as well as the continuum to the atomic/molecular photodissociation region on the surfaces of molecular clouds which are illuminated by strong ultraviolet fields. They use the theoretical photodissociation region models of Tielens and Hollenbach (1985, Ap. J., 291, 722) to construct simple diagrams which utilize line ratios and line to continuum ratios to determine the average gas density n, the average incident far-ultraviolet flux G sub o, and the temperature of the atomic gas T.
The Asymptotic Behavior of INAR (p) Models

An integer-valued autoregressive model with random time delay under random environment is presented. The geometric ergodicity of the iterative sequence determined by this new model is discussed. Moreover, sufficient conditions for stationarity and β-mixing property with exponential decay for the INAR model with random time delay under random environment are developed.
The Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Dissociation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between dissociation and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and disorder (OCD). Specifically, the study aimed to (a) estimate the pooled prevalence of dissociative disorders among individuals with OCD; (b) systematically review the prevalence of OCD among individuals with dissociative disorders; (c) compare the severity of dissociative symptoms between individuals with OCD and non-clinical controls; (d) estimate the association between OCS and dissociative symptoms in the clinical and non-clinical populations. A systematic search was carried out in biomedical databases from inception to January 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 41 studies met inclusion criteria (n = 9,438, 34.3% males). The pooled prevalence of dissociative disorders in adult samples with OCD was 8% (95% CI [3, 15], k = 5). Studies on adolescent and adult patients with dissociative disorders found that 17–32% reported comorbid OCD, while a prospective study of patients with early-onset dissociative disorders found no evidence of association with OCD. Individuals affected by OCD reported more dissociative symptoms than non-clinical controls (g = .67, 95% CI [.18, 1.16], k = 9). A moderate correlation between dissociative symptoms and OCS was detected (r = .43, 95% CI [.36, .51], k = 18). Sensitivity analyses showed small/moderate correlations between dissociative experiences and specific types of obsessions and compulsions. Findings suggest that dissociative symptoms are moderately related to OCS in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Interventions aimed to reduce dissociation might improve treatment response of patients suffering from OCD.
The Minimal Clinically Important Difference Changes Greatly Based on the Different Calculation Methods

Background: The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) expresses both the extent of the improvement and the value that patients place on it. MCID use is becoming increasingly widespread to understand the clinical efficacy of a given treatment, define guidelines for clinical practice, and properly interpret trial results. However, there is still large heterogeneity in the different calculation methods. Purpose: To calculate and compare the MCID threshold values of a PROM by applying various methods and analyzing their effect on the study results interpretation. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The data set used to investigate the different MCID calculation approaches was based on a database of 312 patients affected by knee osteoarthritis and treated with intra-articular platelet-rich plasma. MCID values were calculated on the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score at 6 months using 2 approaches: 9 methodologies referred to an anchor-based approach and 8 methodologies to a distribution-based approach. The obtained threshold values were applied to the same series of patients to understand the effect of using different MCID methods in evaluating patient response to treatment. Results: The different methods employed led to MCID values ranging from 1.8 to 25.9 points. The anchor-based methods ranged from 6.3 to 25.9, while the distribution-based ones were from 1.8 to 13.8 points, showing a 4.1× variation of the MCID values within the anchor-based methods and a 7.6× variation within the distribution-based methods. The percentage of patients who reached the MCID for the IKDC subjective score changed based on the specific calculation method used. Among the anchor-based methods, this value varied from 24.0% to 66.0%, while among the distribution-based methods, the percentage of patients reaching the MCID varied from 44.6% to 75.9%. Conclusion: This study proved that different MCID calculation methods lead to highly heterogeneous values, which significantly affect the percentage of patients achieving the MCID in a given population. The wide-ranging thresholds obtained with the different methodologies make it difficult to evaluate the real effectiveness of a given treatment questioning the usefulness of MCID, as currently available, in the clinical research.
The extracellular matrix landscape in salivary gland carcinomas is defined by cellular differentiation via expression of three distinct protein modules

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral part of the tumor microenvironment of carcinomas. Even though salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) display a range of tumor cell differentiation and distinct extracellular matrices, their ECM landscape has not been characterized in depth. The ECM composition of 89 SGC primaries, 14 metastases, and 25 normal salivary gland tissues was assessed using deep proteomic profiling. Machine learning algorithms and network analysis were used to detect tumor groups and protein modules that explain specific ECM landscapes. Multimodal in situ studies to validate exploratory findings and to infer a putative cellular origin of ECM components were applied. We revealed two fundamental SGC ECM classes which align with the presence or absence of myoepithelial tumor differentiation. We describe the SGC ECM through three biologically distinct protein modules that are differentially expressed across ECM classes and cell types. The modules have a distinct prognostic impact on different SGC types. Since targeted therapy is rarely available for SGC, we used the proteomic expression profile to identify putative therapeutic targets. In summary, we provide the first extensive inventory of ECM components in SGC, a difficult‐to‐treat disease that encompasses tumors with distinct cellular differentiation. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A scoping review of lung function in children and adolescents living with HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children and adolescents remains an important health challenge in many countries and is commonly associated with lung disease. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved survival but chronic lung disease is a common ongoing challenge. We conducted a scoping review of studies that have reported lung function in school‐aged children and adolescents living with HIV.
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets on Soda Taxes

Context: As a primary source of added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption may contribute to the obesity epidemic. A soda tax is an excise tax charged on selling SSBs to reduce consumption. Currently, 8 cities/counties in the United States have imposed soda taxes. Objective: This study assessed people's sentiments toward soda taxes in the United States based on social media posts on Twitter. Design: We designed a search algorithm to systematically identify and collect soda tax–related tweets posted on Twitter. We built deep neural network models to classify tweets by sentiments. Setting: Computer modeling. Participants: Approximately 370 000 soda tax–related tweets posted on Twitter from January 1, 2015, to April 16, 2022. Main Outcome Measure: Sentiment associated with a tweet. Results: Public attention paid to soda taxes, indicated by the number of tweets posted annually, peaked in 2016, but has declined considerably ever since. The decreasing prevalence of tweets quoting soda tax–related news without revealing sentiments coincided with the rapid increase in tweets expressing a neutral sentiment toward soda taxes. The prevalence of tweets expressing a negative sentiment rose steadily from 2015 to 2019 and then slightly leveled off, whereas that of tweets expressing a positive sentiment remained unchanged. Excluding news-quoting tweets, tweets with neutral, negative, and positive sentiments occupied roughly 56%, 29%, and 15%, respectively, during 2015-2022. The authors' total number of tweets posted, followers, and retweets predicted tweet sentiment. The finalized neural network model achieved an accuracy of 88% and an F1 score of 0.87 in predicting tweet sentiments in the test set. Conclusions: Despite its potential to shape public opinion and catalyze social changes, social media remains an underutilized source of information to inform government decision making. Social media sentiment analysis may inform the design, implementation, and modification of soda tax policies to gain social support while minimizing confusion and misinterpretation.