Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The potential for atmospheric mixing processes to enhance the binary nucleation rate

The formation of sulfate aerosol particles due to atmospheric mixing processes is investigated using a classical model for binary nucleation. The nucleation rate is seen to be enhanced when two air parcels with different temperature and relative humidity mix with each other. This is due to the curvature on the vapor pressure diagram, and the whole process is more enhanced in the binary H2SO4 - H2O system when compared with the unary case. If the differences are, for example, 8 K and 60%, the nucleation rate can increase by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude if they are mixed. A brief survey of atmospheric situations that could favor this process is included. The negative feedback effects of coagulation and condensation on the new aerosol particles are found to decelerate the particle formation, but not to prevent it. The damping effect of condensation on preexisting aerosols is examined. It is found that the mixing process is most likely to be important at background conditions, which are the most difficult for explaining nucleation. The mixing effect is also compared with the effect of fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity. In some cases the mixing effect seems to be the most important of the effects. The differences in the effect of mixing on nucleation rate and the limitations of its validity are given for different initial conditions. A simple parameterization of the effect of atmospheric mixing on the binary homogeneous nucleation rate of H2SO4 and H2O is also given.
Thermal Comfort for various Altitudes and Land Covers in North Sumatra

Thermal comfort refers to the suitability of meteorological conditions for humans with the environment. Temperature is the main meteorological variable, which determines the thermal comfort as expressed in various climate indices. This study aims to analysis the distribution of thermal comfort, and to identify environmental factors influencing the comfort situated in North Sumatra, Indonesia. We applied the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) to determine the heat stress level for 2011 - 2020. The higher UTCI value indicates more uncomfortable conditions related to the higher heat stress. The results showed that the average value of UTCI in North Sumatra was categorised at moderate heat stress. Densely urbanised area in the eastern region contributed to high heat stress, whereas mountainous areas in central to west regions were at low level. Our findings found that climate season affected the distribution of heat stress level. The low heat stress occurred in December-February, while high heat stress happened in June-August. Further, findings revealed that altitude and land cover have contributed to UTCI variation by more than 75% variance.
Efficacy and Safety of Daratumumab, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone (DPd) Compared to Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (DVd) in Daratumumab–Naïve Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

Simple Summary We have been studying different combinations of medications to treat relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Among these combinations, one includes daratumumab with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (DPd), and another includes daratumumab with bortezomib and dexamethasone (DVd). So far, there have not been any direct comparisons performed through a clinical trial. In our analysis, we found that the DPd group had more patients with high-risk disease characteristics. Interestingly, the DPd group showed a better response to treatment. However, when we looked at the time until the disease progressed and overall survival, we found that these were similar between the two groups. It is important to note that we should be cautious in drawing conclusions from these findings because there were differences in the characteristics of the patients and lengths and durations of treatment, and the number of patients in both treatment groups was relatively small. Our study highlights the importance of considering factors like the type of patients, the side effects of the medications, and the characteristics of the disease when deciding which treatments to use. It is crucial to personalize the treatment approach for each individual based on these factors. Abstract Daratumumab-based combinations with pomalidomide/dexamethasone (DPd), or bortezomib/dexamethasone (DVd), have shown activity in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients. However, no direct comparisons of safety or efficacy of the two regimens have been published to date. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the safety and efficacy of DPd and DVd in daratumumab-naïve RRMM patients. We included 140 daratumumab-naïve patients who had received DPd or DVd for RRMM. Overall, the DPd group had a greater number of patients who had high-risk disease characteristics. Although response was deeper in the DPd group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were similar between the two groups. The DPd group exhibited a higher incidence of hematologic toxicities, whereas the DVd group had a higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy. The study results showed that while DPd may provide a deeper response, there was no significant difference in PFS or OS compared to DVd. For the high proportion of difficult-to-treat patients, duration of treatment may have contributed to these results, indicating that patient and disease characteristics should be considered when selecting salvage treatments.
Identification of Multiple Novel Viruses in Fecal Samples of Black-Necked Cranes Using Viral Metagenomic Methods

The black-necked crane is the only species of crane that lives in the high-altitude region of the Tibet Plateau. At present, there is little research on viral diseases of the black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis). In this study, a viral metagenomic approach was employed to investigate the fecal virome of black-necked cranes in Saga County, Shigatse City, Tibet, China. The identified virus families carried by black-necked cranes mainly include Genomoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Picornaviridae. The percentages of sequence reads belonging to these three virus families were 1.6%, 3.1%, and 93.7%, respectively. Among them, one genome was characterized as a novel species in the genus Grusopivirus of the family Picornaviridae, four new parvovirus genomes were obtained and classified into four different novel species within the genus Chaphamaparvovirus of the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae, and four novel genomovirus genomes were also acquired and identified as members of three different species, including Gemykroznavirus haeme1, Gemycircularvirus ptero6, and Gemycircularvirus ptero10. All of these viruses were firstly detected in fecal samples of black-necked cranes. This study provides valuable information for understanding the viral community composition in the digestive tract of black-necked cranes in Tibet, which can be used for monitoring, preventing, and treating potential viral diseases in black-necked cranes.
Rheological investigation and simulation of a debris-flow event in the Fella watershed

Abstract. To set an approach for the future territorial planning, the Geological Survey of Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, through the researchers of Trieste University, started a program of debris-flow risk analysis using Flo-2D software as tool to delimit the hazardous areas. In the present paper, as a case study, a debris flow, called Fella sx, occurring in a torrent catchment was analyzed. The choice was due to the abundance of information about past events, inundated areas, rain fall, geology and to its representativeness. An initial back-analysis investigation identified a couple of representative rheological parameters. Riverbed samples were collected, sieve analyses were performed and rheological tests were carried out on the fraction finer than 0.063 mm using a rotationally controlled stress rehometer equipped with the serrated parallel plate geometry. The shear dependent behaviour was examined at different concentrations ranging from 33 to 48%, by weight. Viscosity data treatment was performed to determine the most suitable rheological model to provide the best approximation of the debris-flow behaviour. The rheological parameters, derived from experimental data, were used and compared with those obtained through the back-analysis and with the real inundated area. Data obtained through rheological analysis are useful in constructing scenarios of future events where no data for back-analysis are available.
Data analysis and retrieval algorithms for the ozone mapping and profiler suite/limb profiler instrument

Three candidate algorithms for the retrieval of ozone profile for the NPP OMPS Limb Profiler are described. The first one relies on the well established Doublet/Triplet method coupled with Optimal Estimation. The second one performs spectral fitting and uses Multiple Linear Regression. The last one is a direct application of the Optimal Estimation method on the actual CCD array measurements. The fundamentals of each technique are reviewed and their advantages/disadvantages are discussed. Sample results are given to illustrate the performance of each method.
Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum Sensor for Dynamic Micro-Displacement

The optical micro-displacement sensor is one of the cornerstones of quality control in modern nanotechnological devices, lithography, and high-accuracy localization. However, it is a technical challenge to directly achieve the object's displacement, velocity, and direction simultaneously. Here, we propose a fractional orbital angular momentum (FOAM) sensor to simultaneously measure the dynamic displacement, the instantaneous velocity, and the direction. The single petal-like speckle can be generated by the coaxial interference between the measurement FOAM beam and the reference beam with the absolute topological charge less than or equal to 0.5 (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$| \ell | \leq 0.5$</tex-math></inline-formula>). The displacement of the moving object is dependent on the rotation angle of the single petal around the dark core, the velocity is related to the angular velocity of the single petal, and the direction is determined by the clockwise or anticlockwise of the single rotating petal, which is monitored in real-time by using a designed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve micro-displacement precision (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm \text{11.78} \, \rm{nm}$</tex-math></inline-formula>), displacement measurement range (0–250 cm), instantaneous velocity measurement range (0–5 μm/s), velocity precision (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 0.25\mu \rm{m/s}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) and has advantages for the measuring object with dynamic micromotion. In addition, the sensor can perform a non-contact measurement, so it is significant to apply it in future precision measurement technology.
Cervical Foraminal Changes in Patients with Intermittent Arm Radiculopathy Studied with a New MRI-Compatible Compression Device

Diagnosing cervical foraminal stenosis with intermittent arm radiculopathy is challenging due to discrepancies between MRI findings and symptoms. This can be attributed to the fact that MRI images are often obtained in a relaxed supine position. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the Dynamic MRI Compression System (DMRICS) and to assess possible changes in cervical foramina, with both quantitative measurements and qualitative grading systems, with MRI during a simulated Spurling test. Ten patients (five women and five men, ages 29–45) with previously confirmed cervical foraminal stenosis underwent MRI scans using DMRICS. MRI images were acquired in both relaxed and provoked states. A radiologist assessed 30 foramina (C4–C7) on the symptomatic side in both patient positions. Quantitative and qualitative measures were performed, including the numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Park and Kim grading systems. The provoked state induced concordant neck and arm pain in 9 of 10 patients. Significant shifts in Park and Kim foraminal gradings were noted: 13 of 27 Park gradings and 9 of 27 Kim gradings escalated post provocation. No quantitative changes were observed. This pilot study indicates that the DMRICS device has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy for cervical radiculopathy, demonstrating induced cervical foraminal changes during a simulated Spurling test while performing MRI.
Post Occupancy Evaluation of Ventilation Coefficient Desired for Thermal Comfort in Educational Facilities

In tropical regions, one sustainable measure identified to attain thermal comfort and energy savings for interior spaces is natural ventilation. However, the ventilation coefficient as a factor for effective passive ventilation required for thermal comfort in educational facilities in warm, humid climates has not been adequately investigated. This study is a post-occupancy evaluation aimed at investigating the ventilation coefficient as a parameter for effective passive ventilation efficiency for good thermal comfort in the classrooms of public primary school buildings in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. Among the data collection instruments are two data logging devices (thermo-anemometers -AZ 9871) used to measure air velocity, humidity levels, and temperature outside and inside the classrooms of 60 government primary school buildings in the study area. This selection was based on stratified random sampling techniques. For data analysis, the global ventilation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used. The findings demonstrate that the average natural ventilation efficiency was 80%, which is higher than the global ventilation efficiency standard of 60%. The research results further highlight that colonial classroom prototype buildings have a lower temperature value and ventilation coefficient of 83%, which in turn influenced the thermal comfort conditions of the classrooms investigated. The significance of this study is that the findings contribute to the existing knowledge base that would advance strategic policy formation towards acceleration of the uptake of sustainable and energy-efficient building designs for educational facilities in warm, humid tropical environments. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-01-07 Full Text: PDF
An Evaluation of the Hitit Index in Differential Diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Emergency Department

Background and Objectives: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic infection, which is seen over a wide geographic area. The mortality rate is in inverse proportion to the ability of patients to access healthcare services. Therefore, early identification of patients is extremely important. The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity and specificity of the Hitit Index in the differentiation of CCHF cases at the time of presentation at the Emergency Department and to evaluate the agreement of this index with molecular (CCHFV RNA) and/or serological diagnostic tests (ELISA-CCHF IgM). Materials and Methods: The patients included were those who presented at the Emergency Department (ED) with the complaint of a tick bite or those identified as potential CCHF cases as a result of complaints and/or laboratory findings. For cases that met the study inclusion criteria, the Hitit Index score was calculated automatically from the parameters included in the index formula uploaded to the automation system in the ED at the time of presentation. Through comparisons of the agreement of the Hitit Index with the CCHFV-RNA and/or IgM results the power of the Hitit Index for differentiation of CCHF cases in ED was evaluated. Results: The data of 273 patients were analyzed. There was a history of tick bite in 236 (86%) cases. Of the evaluated cases, 110 (40.2%) were hospitalized; CCHF positivity was determined in 72 (26.4%). The Hitit Index values calculated in ED and at 24 h after hospitalization were determined to be significant in the prediction of the CCHF cases (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.919 (0.887–0.951); p < 0.001, AUC = 0.902 (0.841–0.962). For a cut-off point of 0 of the Hitit Index evaluated in ED, the classification success was found to have a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 88% (PPV-NPV). For a cut-off point of 0 of the Hitit Index evaluated at 24 h after hospitalization, the classification success was found to have a sensitivity of 79.7% and specificity of 84% (PPV-NPV). Conclusions: The defined form of the Hitit Index can be used in the differentiation of CCHF cases in ED with high sensitivity and specificity levels. Just as evaluation with the Hitit Index prevents unnecessary hospitalization, it can also contribute to reducing mortality rates with the early identification of CCHF cases.
Nuclear winter: Three‐dimensional simulations including interactive transport, scavenging, and solar heating of smoke

We reexamine the ''nuclear winter'' hypothesis with a three-dimensional global model modified to allow for localized injection of smoke, its transport by the simulated winds, its absorption of sunlight, and its removal by model-simulated precipitation. Smoke injected into the troposphere is driven upward by solar heating. The tropopause, initially above the smoke, reforms below the heated smoke layer and separates it from precipitation below. Although much smoke is scavenged while the thermal structure is being altered, the residence time of the remaining smoke is greatly increased. We find, particularly for July conditions, a longer-lasting ''nuclear winter'' effect than was found in earlier modeling studies in which normal tropospheric residence times were assumed. In January the smaller solar flux in the northern hemisphere allows faster removal of smoke than in July. Significant cooling of the northern hemisphere continents is predicted; its dependence on season and injected smoke mass is described.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, PERSEPSI HARGA, DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN

This study aims to examine the effect of product quality, price perception, and brand image on customer satisfaction when using Xiaomi/Oppo/Vivo/Samsung brand smartphones. This study used a quantitative approach because testing the hypothesis. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with the criteria of people who use Xiaomi/Oppo/Vivo/Samsung brand smartphones. The data collection technique uses a self-administered survey by distributing questionnaires directly to respondents using Google Forms. Respondents in this study are 204 respondents. The data analysis technique uses SmartPLS version 3.3. The results show that product quality, price perception, and brand image has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Keywords: Product Quality, Price Perception, Brand Image, Customer Satisfaction
Environmental filters explain the ecomorphological patterns of stream fish in the southern Amazon

ABSTRACT The ecomorphology reflects morphological variations that may indicate significant ecological processes. In this study, the influence of environmental variables on the ecomorphological composition of stream fish was tested. The study was developed in ten streams within a conservation area in the Juruena River sub-basin, in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The sampling occurred during the drought period in July 2012. The fish were sampled with simple sieves and trawl nets. We analyzed 17 variables of the physical habitat and 14 morphological indices based on morphometric measurements of the fish. In total, 753 specimens were collected, comprising four orders, 14 families, and 27 species. Only fine sediments influenced the ecomorphological composition of the fish assemblages. This substrate variable acted as a filter for the ecomorphology of fish that usually inhabit slow waters, have a morphology adapted towards a good stabilization capacity and maneuverability, fins capable of large and rapid impulses, and that feed close to the surface. Our results can contribute to the understanding of the ecological processes that drive the composition of fish assemblages in conserved Amazonian streams.
Jurassic Salt, Central Gulf of Mexico, and Its Temporal Relation to Circum-Gulf Evaporites

A Middle or Late Jurassic palynomorph assemblage has been recovered from calcite caprock of Challenger Knoll in the central Gulf of Mexico. The assemblage is dominated by species of Exesipollenites, Spheripollenites, and Classopollis, and probably has been derived from underlying salt beds. Four major circum-Gulf evaporite deposits--the Louann-Werner of the southeastern United States, the Minas Viejas and the Salina of Mexico, and the Punta Alegre of Cuba--are probably about the same age as the inferred Sigsbee salt.
Cu(II) and Cd(II) Removal Efficiency of Microbially Redox-Activated Magnetite Nanoparticles

Heavy metal pollutants in the environment are of global concern due to their risk of contaminating drinking water and food supplies. Removal of these metals can be achieved by adsorption to mixed-valent magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) due to their high surface area, reactivity, and ability for magnetic recovery. The adsorption capacity and overall efficiency of MNPs are influenced by redox state as well as surface charge, the latter of which is directly related to solution pH. However, the influence of microbial redox cycling of iron (Fe) in magnetite alongside the change of pH on the metal adsorption process by MNPs remains an open question. Here we investigated adsorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ by MNPs at different pH values that were modified by microbial Fe(II) oxidation or Fe(III) reduction. We found that the maximum adsorption capacity increased with pH for Cd2+ from 256 μmol/g Fe at pH 5.0 to 478 μmol/g Fe at pH 7.3 and for Cu2+ from 229 μmol/g Fe at pH 5.0 to 274 μmol/g Fe at pH 5.5. Microbially reduced MNPs exhibited the greatest adsorption for both Cu2+ and Cd2+ (632 μmol/g Fe at pH 7.3 for Cd2+ and 530 μmol/g Fe at pH 5.5 for Cu2+). Magnetite oxidation also enhanced adsorption of Cu2+ but inhibited Cd2+. Our results show that microbial modification of MNPs has an important impact on the (im-)mobilization of aqueous contaminations like Cu2+ and Cd2+ and that a change in stoichiometry of the MNPs can have a greater influence than a change of pH.