Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic search service based on user history on cloud

People are continuously pursuing intricate task-oriented goals on the web, such as purchase planning or managing finances or even buying digital files. To this, the user conventionally breaks down the tasks into a few co-dependent steps and issues multiple queries around these steps perpetually over long periods. To help users in their long-term information quests on the web, search engines maintain their queries and clicks while probing online. In order to give the search results quickly a shallow search will be made on the user history so that the results will be populated quickly. Pruning the search results can be done by various factors. The user will look for data that is more relevant to where the user is living. Another way would be to consider the most accessed contents. It analyses another approach to tackle the “tiny target space” problem. This is based on the assumption that the user would never know that an item exists in the system if it is no way connected to the user. If the user gets to know the existence of some item, all those relevant to this item might interest the user. The recommendation space thus being smaller than the actual search space, it would be possible to search contents that are relevant to the user, but not all. So this can be used to show preliminary results to the user by the time the system fetches the entire results for the user. This would reduce the idle time the user spends on the system. This paper analyses various techniques to be used to deploy such a search service that reduces the time taken to produce the first search result.
SBone: Personal Device Sharing Using Social Networks

People own a number of personal devices whose state and resources might be of interest to others. Owners of these devices may be willing to selectively share them with their family, friends, and colleagues, but there exists no easy and secure mechanism to do so. In this paper, we propose SBone, an architecture that allows personal devices to share their resources and state with each other, seamlessly and securely, using a social network for authentication, naming, discovery and access control. The sharing mechanism is derived from the inter-personal relationships that exists among owners by virtue of their presence in online social networks. We present a case study of how SBone can be used to share internet connectivity resource between devices.
Heroic versus Collaborative AI for the Arts

This paper considers the kinds of AI systems we want involved in art and art practice. We explore this relationship from three perspectives: as artists interested in expanding and developing our own creative practice; as AI researchers interested in building new AI systems that contribute to the understanding and development of art and art practice; and as audience members interested in experiencing art. We examine the nature of both art practice and experiencing art to ask how AI can contribute. To do so, we review the history of work in intelligent agents which broadly speaking sits in two camps: autonomous agents (systems that can exhibit intelligent behaviour independently) in one, and multi-agent systems (systems which interact with other systems in communities of agents) in the other. In this context we consider the nature of the relationship between AI and Art and introduce two opposing concepts: that of "Heroic AI", to describe the situation where the software takes on the role of the lone creative hero and "Collaborative AI" where the system supports, challenges and provokes the creative activity of humans. We then set out what we believe are the main challenges for AI research in understanding its potential relationship to art and art practice.
Glial Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult motor neuron disease characterized by premature death of upper and lower motor neurons. Two percent of ALS cases are caused by the dominant mutations in the gene for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) through a gain of toxic property of mutant protein. Genetic and chimeric mice studies using SOD1 models indicate that non-neuronal cells play important roles in neurodegeneration through non-cell autonomous mechanism. We review the contribution of each glial cell type in ALS pathology from studies of the rodent models and ALS patients. Astrogliosis and microgliosis are not only considerable hallmarks of the disease, but the intensity of microglial activation is correlated with severity of motor neuron damage in human ALS. The impaired astrocytic functions such as clearance of extracellular glutamate and release of neurotrophic factors are implicated in disease. Further, the damage within astrocytes and microglia is involved in accelerated disease progression. Finally, other glial cells such as NG2 cells, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are under the investigation to determine their contribution in ALS. Accumulating knowledge of active role of glial cells in the disease should be carefully applied to understanding of the sporadic ALS and development of therapy targeted for glial cells.
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics J Large scale alignment anomalies of CMB anisotropies: a new test for residuals applied to WMAP 5yr maps

We analyze the alignment of the low multipoles (quadrupole and octupole) of various maps of the WMAP 5yr release: the CMB maps obtained with ILC and MCMC methods, the CMB map in the V band after foreground reduction, and, for comparison, the (not cleaned) V band map. We study how much this alignment is polluted by residuals on the Galactic region. Among the considered maps, the WMAP-ILC turns out to be the most clean map from the point of view of the proposed test. This result has been found studying the redistribution (due to the masking process) of each bin of the probability distribution functions of the alignment estimators. By construction, our method, feasible through Monte Carlo simulations, works for any possible mask adopted in the analysis of data from current and forthcoming CMB anisotropy experiments and it can only exclude that the considered map is clean.
Early Production of IL-22 but Not IL-17 by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exposed to live Borrelia burgdorferi: The Role of Monocytes and Interleukin-1

If insufficiently treated, Lyme borreliosis can evolve into an inflammatory disorder affecting skin, joints, and the CNS. Early innate immunity may determine host responses targeting infection. Thus, we sought to characterize the immediate cytokine storm associated with exposure of PBMC to moderate levels of live Borrelia burgdorferi. Since Th17 cytokines are connected to host defense against extracellular bacteria, we focused on interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22. Here, we report that, despite induction of inflammatory cytokines including IL-23, IL-17 remained barely detectable in response to B. burgdorferi. In contrast, T cell-dependent expression of IL-22 became evident within 10 h of exposure to the spirochetes. This dichotomy was unrelated to interferon-γ but to a large part dependent on caspase-1 and IL-1 bioactivity derived from monocytes. In fact, IL-1β as a single stimulus induced IL-22 but not IL-17. Neutrophils display antibacterial activity against B. burgdorferi, particularly when opsonized by antibodies. Since neutrophilic inflammation, indicative of IL-17 bioactivity, is scarcely observed in Erythema migrans, a manifestation of skin inflammation after infection, protective and antibacterial properties of IL-22 may close this gap and serve essential functions in the initial phase of spirochete infection.
Psychiatric Advance Directives, a Possible Way to Overcome Coercion and Promote Empowerment

Psychiatric advance directives (ADs) allow an individual to state their preferences for future treatment at times when they may be unable to make considered decisions. There are differences in their form and legal value and the process associated with their use and completion. Several studies have now been completed to assess the impact of ADs on service use and coercion. Their results give a mixed picture but directives nevertheless have the potential to support the empowerment process, minimize experienced coercion, and improve coping strategies. These may in turn reduce the frequency of in-patient service use. Further studies on the different processes of facilitation involved and on different populations are necessary to improve our knowledge and use of these potentially powerful interventions.
Incorporating social software into distributed agile development environments

The use of social software applications, such as wikis and blogs, has emerged as a practical and economical option to consider as global teams may use them to organize, track, publish their work, and then, share knowledge. We intend to push further the application of social software principles and technologies into collaborative development environments for agile and distributed projects. As a first step, in this paper we first present a survey of social software, as well as tools and environments for collaborative development. Then, we present some opportunities and challenges of incorporating social software aspects in agile distributed development.
Boon and bane of 60 GHz networks: practical insights into beamforming, interference, and frame level operation

The performance of current consumer-grade devices for 60 GHz wireless networks is limited. While such networks promise both high data rates and uncomplicated spatial reuse, we find that commercially available devices based on the WiHD and WiGig standards may suffer from their cost-effective design. Very similar mechanisms are used in upcoming devices based on the IEEE 802.11ad standard. Hence, understanding them well is crucial to improve the efficiency and performance of next generation millimeter wave networks. In this paper, we present the first in-depth beamforming, interference, and frame level protocol analysis of off-the-shelf millimeter wave systems with phased antenna arrays. We focus on (a) the interference due to the lack of directionality of consumer-grade antennas, and (b) the degree of data aggregation of current devices. Regarding (a), our beam pattern measurements show strong side lobes that challenge the common conception of high spatial reuse in 60 GHz networks. We also show that reflections in realistic settings worsen this effect. Further, we measure weak directionality when beamforming towards the boundary of the transmission area of an antenna array. Regarding (b), we observe that devices only aggregate data if connections require high bandwidth, thus increasing medium usage time otherwise.
Adherence of type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells: more in diabetic women than in control subjects.

OBJECTIVE Women with diabetes have bacteriuria more often than women without diabetes. Because Escherichia coli adhere better to vaginal cells of nondiabetic patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) than to those obtained from healthy control subjects, it was hypothesized that E. coli adhere more to the uroepithelial cells of diabetic women, either because of substances excreted in the urine (e.g., albumin, glucose, and Tamm Horsfall protein) or because of a difference in the uroepithelial cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A T24 bladder cell line and uroepithelial cells of 25 diabetic women and 19 control subjects were incubated with three different E. coli strains. RESULTS The mean numbers of type 1-fimbriated E. coli that adhered to diabetic and control cells were 12.9 and 6.1 (P = 0.001), respectively, whereas those of P-fimbriated E. coli were 8.8 and 8.1 (P = 0.8), and those of nonfimbriated E. coli were 2.7 and 3.4 (P = 0.4). The addition of various substances did not influence the adherence of E. coli to a T24 bladder cell line. CONCLUSIONS Type 1-fimbriated E. coli adhere more to diabetic than to control uroepithelial cells.
A 433/915-MHz class AB discrete power amplifier based on multiresonant circuits

In this paper, the concept of block reuse is applied to design a dual-band power amplifier. The amplification cell is shared for each frequency band and the impedance matching networks are designed making use of switchless multiresonant circuits. The target frequencies are those of the ISM band, 433 and 915 MHz. In order to obtain a good compromise between linearity and efficiency, a class AB operation is adopted. The performance of amplifier was evaluated using post layout simulation. The results have shown 44.4 % and 44.8 % PAE peak efficiency at 29.0 dBm and 29.8 dBm output power, respectively, in the target frequencies.
CLIMATE AND WILDFIRE IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

Abstract A 21-yr gridded monthly fire-starts and acres-burned dataset from U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs fire reports recreates the seasonality and interannual variability of wildfire in the western United States. Despite pervasive human influence in western fire regimes, it is striking how strongly these data reveal a fire season responding to variations in climate. Correlating anomalous wildfire frequency and extent with the Palmer Drought Severity Index illustrates the importance of prior and accumulated precipitation anomalies for future wildfire season severity. This link to antecedent seasons' moisture conditions varies widely with differences in predominant fuel type. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that the relationship between wildfire season severity and observed moisture anomalies from antecedent seasons is strong enough to forecast fire season severity at lead times of one season to a year in advance.
Differential Expression of Non-Shelterin Genes Associated with High Telomerase Levels and Telomere Shortening in Plasma Cell Disorders

Telomerase, shelterin proteins and various interacting factors, named non-shelterin proteins, are involved in the regulation of telomere length (TL). Altered expression of any of these telomere-associated genes can lead to telomere dysfunction, causing genomic instability and disease development. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of a set of non-shelterin genes involved in essential processes such as replication (RPA1), DNA damage repair pathways (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) and stabilization of telomerase complex (DKC1), in 35 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 40 cases with multiple myeloma (MM). Results were correlated with hTERT expression, TL and clinical parameters. Overall, a significant increase in DKC1, RAD50, MRE11, NBS1 and RPA1 expression along with an upregulation of hTERT in MM compared with MGUS was observed (p≤0.032). Interestingly, in both entities high mRNA levels of non-shelterin genes were associated with short TLs and increased hTERT expression. Significant differences were observed for DKC1 in MM (p ≤0.026), suggesting an important role for this gene in the maintenance of short telomeres by telomerase in myeloma plasma cells. With regard to clinical associations, we observed a significant increase in DKC1, RAD50, MRE11 and RPA1 expression in MM cases with high bone marrow infiltration (p≤0.03) and a tendency towards cases with advanced ISS stage, providing the first evidence of non-shelterin genes associated to risk factors in MM. Taken together, our findings bring new insights into the intricate mechanisms by which telomere-associated proteins collaborate in the maintenance of plasma cells immortalization and suggest a role for the upregulation of these genes in the progression of the disease.
A weighted cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), different received signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of secondary users (SUs) lead to different reliability of their local spectrum sensing decisions, and then greatly affect sensing capability of cooperative spectrum sensing. Cooperative spectrum sensing with traditional hard decisions can not improve sensing capability efficiently due to allocating the same weight to SUs' decisions. Therefore, a weighted cooperative spectrum sensing (WCSS) is proposed for CRNs to improve sensing capability. It obtains weights of SUs' decisions from their average received SNRs, integrates both their independent decisions and weights to fuse data, and makes a final sensing decision. Simulation results show that compared to cooperative spectrum sensing with traditional hard decisions, WCSS performs better at low SNR.
Microkernels: a submodule for a traditional operating systems course

Experience has shown that a microkernel, a small operating system core which supports modular extensions, is flexible, efficient, and robust [1]. The microkernel structure is the central design element of next generation operating systems. Traditional undergraduate operating systems courses, however, do not discuss this design strategy in any depth (if at all). In this paper, we propose a submodule on microkernel technology and indicate how this information can be, and should be, included in an operating system course. We first give an overview of the fundamentals of microkernel design. We then argue why the study of microkernels ought to be included in an undergraduate operating system course. Finally, we present an organization of topics for the proposed course submodule on microkernel technology.
Early traffic identification using Bayesian networks

Port-based or payload-based analysis is becoming difficult for accurate traffic identification when many applications use dynamic port numbers and encryption to avoid detection. In this paper we present an approach for online traffic classification relying on the observation of the first n packets of a flow. The packet size and inter-arrival times of the individual packets, rather than the statistic features, are chosen as identification parameters. We use labeled data set as training set to construct a Naïve Bayes classifier and use the real discretized conditional probability instead of Gaussian distribution. Two real data sets collected in the campus networks are used to evaluate the proposed approach and the effectiveness is proved. The results also indicate that this approach is not sensitive to the prior probability estimation in most cases, and that packet sizes are more efficient than the inter-arrival times although both of them are important.
Understanding and Development of Inter-cell Interference Mitigation mechanism in LTE-A Heterogeneous Network

In long term evolution Advanced (LTE-A), concept of heterogeneous network (HetNet) has been introduced. Since, spectrum has become a rare resource these days; another mean is to be looked after to improve the existing wireless technology. One possible way is to improve the network topology so that frequency spectrum can be reused. In heterogeneous network, lower power nodes like Pico/Femto cell are deployed inside Macro cell to increase the system throughput and network coverage. Traditionally, cell selection for user equipment (UE) in LTE is based upon the received downlink power but these Pico/Femto cell have a low power than the Macro cell, meaning that few users can get access from Femto/Pico cells. UE should be close to the Pico/Femto cell to get connected with it. So its solution is; cell selection based upon the uplink path loss can be applied allowing more UE get connected to Pico/Femto cell. On doing that area of the Pico/Femto cell will increase which is called range extension region.Another problem arises when cell extension is applied, is that Macro cell imposes interference towards the Physical channel and signal of the Pico/Femto cell UE in range extension region as both Macro and Pico/Femto cell operate with same set of frequencies. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE-A Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) scheme has proposed Almost Blank Sub-frame (ABS) as a solution towards the above mentioned interference problem by reducing the activity or muting the Macro sub-frame. So that the corresponding Pico/Femto sub-frame can transmit the user information without interference from Macro cell ABS. For the reason of backward compatibility ABS still transmit certain physical channel and signals like CRSs, PCH, PBCH and PSS/SSS. So, interference still remains in these signals and channels.The main focus of thesis is reducing the impact of collision of cell-specific reference signal (CRS) from Macro and Femto cell as CRS is used for channel estimation. We have developed LTE link level system model for Macro and Femto cell in the Matlab simulator. Effect of difference in power of Macro and Femto CRS on UE under different noise power is investigated. It shows, higher the power of Macro, higher is the interference level. As a result Femto channel estimation quality degrades which in-turn degrades system performance. Combined receiver Interference cancelation (IC) methodology is implemented to reduce the impact of interference between macro and Femto CRS collision, which is based upon the reference signal received power (RSRP). System performance is evaluated with bit error rate (BER) and block error rate (BLER) versus Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and compared with the single cell system (without interference) and without IC system. Result confirms that IC method system performance is far better than system without IC and as close to system performance of single cell without interference. Furthermore, use of convolutional encoder, offer approximately 7dB coding gain in terms of SNR.
Improvement of Chord Routing Algorithm

The key in P2P network is to locate resources effectively.Chord is a kind of structured P2P network, but the routing table in Chord suffers serious information redundancy and it is not very efficient.Therefore, an improved Chord routing algorithm is proposed.On the premise of not increasing the length of routing table, repetitious entries are deleted and anticlockwise routing in the same amount are added.Simulation experiments show that the algorithm eliminates information redundancy, reduces the average lookup path length and gets higher efficiency so as to coordinates lookup efficiency and routing table length well.
Life Expectancy and its Socioeconomic Determinants in Iran

Introduction Life expectancy at birth (LEB) is closely associated with the degree of economic and social development in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to examine the socioeconomic factors affecting LEB in Iran from 1985 to 2013. Methods Time series analysis was used to examine the effects of key explanatory factors (GDP per capita, number of doctors per 10,000 population, degree of urbanization, food availability, CO2 emission, total fertility rate, inflation rate, and literacy rate) on LEB in Iran from 1985 to 2013. Study data were retrieved from the Central Bank of Iran (CBI), Iranian Statistical Center (ISC), and World Bank. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Banergy, Dolado, and Master (BDM) tests, Engle Granger approach, and an ordinary least-square (OLS) model were used to achieve the aim of the study. Data analysis was performed by Stata V.12 software. Results Our findings indicated that GDP per capita (p=0.003), number of doctors per 10,000 population (p=0.036), literacy rate (p=0.0001), and food availability (p=0.0001) have a positive and significant statistically effect on LEB. The relationship between total fertility rate and LEB was negative and significant (p=0.023). In addition, the effect of degree urbanization (p=0.811), CO2 emission (p=0.185), and inflation rate (p=0.579) on LEB were not significant. Conclusion GDP per capita, number of doctors per 10,000 population, food availability, literacy rate, and total fertility were identified as the main factors affecting life expectancy in Iran. The study, however, suggests that life expectancy in Iran could be improved if attention is given to factors that reside outside of the health sector.