Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OBST: A self-adjusting peer-to-peer overlay based on multiple BSTs

The design of scalable and robust overlay topologies has been a main research subject since the very origins of peerto-peer (p2p) computing. Today, the corresponding optimization tradeoffs are fairly well-understood, at least in the static case and from a worst-case perspective. This paper revisits the peer-to-peer topology design problem from a self-organization perspective. We initiate the study of topologies which are optimized to serve the communication demand, or even self-adjusting as demand changes. The appeal of this new paradigm lies in the opportunity to be able to go beyond the lower bounds and limitations imposed by a static, communication-oblivious, topology. For example, the goal of having short routing paths (in terms of hop count) does no longer conflict with the requirement of having low peer degrees. We propose a simple overlay topology OBST(k) which is composed of k (rooted and directed) Binary Search Trees (BSTs), where k is a parameter. We first prove some fundamental bounds on what can and cannot be achieved optimizing a topology towards a static communication pattern (a static OBST(k)). In particular, we show that the number of BSTs that constitute the overlay can have a large impact on the routing costs, and that a single additional BST may reduce the amortized communication costs from Ω(log n) to O(1), where n is the number of peers. Subsequently, we discuss a natural self-adjusting extension of OBST(k), in which frequently communicating partners are “splayed together”.
06-14 Counting 1 / 8-BPS Dual-Giants

We count 1/8-BPS states in type IIB string theory on AdS5 ×S5 background which carry three independent angular momenta on S5. These states can be counted by considering configurations of multiple dual-giant gravitons up to N in number which share at least four supersymmetries. We map this counting problem to that of counting the energy eigenstates of a system of N bosons in a 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator. We also count 1/8-BPS states with two independent non-zero spins in AdS5 and one non-zero angular momentum on S5 by considering configurations of arbitrary number of giant gravitons that share at least four supersymmetries.
Geometric Bargaining Approach for Optimizing Resource Allocation in Wireless Visual Sensor Networks

Applications that include real-time video delivery are demanding on network performance, while the various network resources are usually constrained. This fact boosts the need for efficient resource management, aiming at the amelioration of the video quality that reaches the end-user. The present paper considers a wireless direct sequence code division multiple access visual sensor network, which employs a cross-layer design. The objective is the maximization of the nodes' utilities under the constraints of a maximum bit rate and a maximum power level for each node. In this vein, the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution is applied, which is geometrically derived from the graphical representations of the utility sets, under a centralized topology. Ultimately, we have to deal with an optimization problem that concerns the optimal determination of the source coding rates, channel coding rates, and power levels of all nodes of the network, under certain modeling conditions. The experimental results provided by the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution are compared with results using the Nash bargaining solution and two other schemes that aim at the maximization of an unweighted and a weighted version of the total network utility, respectively. A metric that captures fairness and performance issues is used in order to compare the performance of the schemes. The results are also evaluated in terms of the total consumed power relative with the total achieved utility.
Switching ZooKeeper’s Consensus Protocol at Runtime

ZooKeeper is a widely used distributed coordination and synchronization service for distributed applications. It relies on the built-in atomic broadcast protocol Zab to provide high availability and guarantees such as totally ordered updates for the overlying applications. ZooKeeper’s flexibility, however, is limited with regard to the underlying Zab protocol.In this work, we propose to switch ZooKeeper’s underlying consensus protocol at runtime while preserving all guarantees for the overlying applications. We present an alternative protocol Instant Commit, which is write delay optimized. We implemented the adaptation logic and Instant Commit in ZooKeeper and show its potential with a workload-aware adaptation trigger.
Sampling Variability on Percutaneous Liver Biopsy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Background: Sampling variability on liver biopsy has been demonstrated in a variety of liver diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether sampling variability exists on percutaneous liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection. Methods: Two separate tissue samples were obtained from the right lobe of the liver, through a single skin puncture, in 29 patients (22 M, mean age 43.4 ± 8.1 years) with chronic HCV infection. The biopsies were assessed using a descriptive histological reporting system and Knodell's Histological Activity Index (HAI) and compared for differences in necroinflammatory activity (grade) and fibrosis (stage). Results: Thirteen (44.8%) patients had a difference of ≥1 grade between the 2 biopsies on the descriptive system and 13 differed by ≥1 stage. On the HAI, 20 (69.0%) patients had a difference of ≥2 in the necroinflammatory activity score and 10 (34.5%) had a difference of ≥4; whereas, 11 (38.0%) patients had a difference of ≥1 in the fibrosis score and 6 (20.7%) had a difference of ≥2. The mean difference between the two sets of biopsies was 2.4 ±2.1 (range 0–7) for the necroinflammatory activity and 0.6 ±0.9 (range 0–3) for fibrosis. Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) was moderate for both necroinflammatory activity (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) and fibrosis (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Sampling variability exists on percutaneous liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection and should be taken into consideration when decisions regarding prognosis and therapy are made based on biopsy, and when defining histological response to antiviral regimens.
Nutrient-regulated Phosphorylation of ATG13 Inhibits Starvation-induced Autophagy*

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that utilizes a defined series of membrane trafficking events to generate a de novo double-membrane vesicle termed the autophagosome, which matures by fusing to the lysosome. Subsequently, the lysosome facilitates the degradation and recycling of the cytoplasmic cargo. In yeast, the upstream signals that regulate the induction of starvation-induced autophagy are clearly defined. The nutrient-sensing kinase Tor inhibits the activation of autophagy by regulating the formation of the Atg1-Atg13-Atg17 complex, through hyperphosphorylation of Atg13. However, in mammals, the ortholog complex ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 is constitutively formed. As such, the molecular mechanism by which mTOR regulates mammalian autophagy is unknown. Here we report the identification and characterization of novel nutrient-regulated phosphorylation sites on ATG13: Ser-224 and Ser-258. mTOR directly phosphorylates ATG13 on Ser-258 while Ser-224 is modulated by the AMPK pathway. In ATG13 knock-out cells reconstituted with an unphosphorylatable mutant of ATG13, ULK1 kinase activity is more potent, and amino acid starvation induced more rapid ATG13 and ULK1 translocation. These events culminated in a more rapid starvation-induced autophagy response. Therefore, ATG13 phosphorylation plays a crucial role in autophagy regulation.
Fields, networks and frames: advertising social organization in Japan

In this article I focus on three kinds of overlapping social coordinates — fields, networks and frames — as they are worked out in the day-to-day activities of a large Tokyo advertising agency. My aims are threefold. First, to show how the three social forms of fields, networks and frames interlock in a dialectical manner that permits both macro- and micro-levels of sociological analysis. I thus present methodological approaches hitherto perceived to be different in emphases or interests as complementary rather than at odds with one another. Second, I take up and reexamine the notions of network and frame as developed within the specific context of Japanese social organization. Third, I make a statement in favour of anthropological studies of business as a means of understanding how industries and organizations function in a global economy.
Wiiolin: a Virtual Instrument Using the Wii Remote

terms of user control, and a large part to Nintendo's introduction of the Wii remote. The online open source development community has embraced the Wii remote, integrating the inexpensive technology into numerous applications. Some of the more interesting applications demonstrate how the remote hardware can be leveraged for nonstandard uses. In this paper we describe a new way of interacting with the Wii remote and sensor bar to produce music. The Wiiolin is a virtual instrument which can mimic a violin or cello. Sensor bar motion relative to the Wii remote and button presses are analyzed in real-time to generate notes. Our design is novel in that it involves the remote's infrared camera and sensor bar as an integral part of music production, allowing users to change notes by simply altering the angle of their wrist, and henceforth, bow. The Wiiolin introduces a more realistic way of instrument interaction than other attempts that rely on button presses and accelerometer data alone.
Ubiquitin-dependent Degradation of Interferon Regulatory Factor-8 Mediated by Cbl Down-regulates Interleukin-12 Expression*

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-8/interferon consensus sequence-binding protein is regulated by both transcription and degradation. IRF-8 induced in peritoneal macrophages by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide was degraded rapidly, and degradation of IRF-8 was blocked by MG132, the proteasome inhibitor, but inhibitors of calpain and lysosomal enzymes had no effect. The ubiquitination of IRF-8 was shown by co-immunoprecipitation from RAW264.7 macrophages retrovirally transduced with IRF-8 and hemagglutinin-ubiquitin. The dominant negative ubiquitin mutants K48R and K29R inhibited IRF-8 degradation in 293T cells, confirming the relationship between ubiquitination of IRF-8 and its degradation. IRF-8 carboxyl-terminal truncation mutants were not ubiquitinated and were consequently stable, indicating that the carboxyl-terminal domain of IRF-8 controls ubiquitination. The ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) that ubiquitinated IRF-8 was likely to be Cbl, which formed a complex with IRF-8, demonstrable by both immunoprecipitation and gel filtration. Furthermore, IRF-8 stability was increased by dominant negative Cbl, and IRF-8 ubiquitination was significantly attenuated in Cbl–/– cells. Reflecting increased stability and expression, the IRF-8 carboxyl-terminal deletion mutant induced interleukin (IL)-12 p40 promoter activity much more strongly than IRF-8 did. Furthermore, IRF-8-induced IL-12 p40 synthesis in RAW264.7 cells was enhanced by dominant negative Cbl, and peritoneal macrophages from Cbl–/– mice showed increased IL-12 p40 protein production. Taken together, these results suggest that the proteasomal degradation of IRF-8 mediated by the ubiquitin E3 ligase Cbl down-regulates IL-12 expression.
La ética en la cultura organizacional, factor clave para la competitividad del sector público colombiano

This essay develops the concept of ethics in organizational culture in order to establish what can be a determining factor in competitiveness reflecting public sector entities in Colombia. Definitions of ethics and culture in the broadest sense and specifically addresses the concepts defining the context of private and public organizations and analyzing the various meanings that can be adopted and affect competitiveness. Likewise, the importance of human talent as only living organizational asset, able to take these concepts and philosophy of life, to achieve this increased productivity and thus improved the image of Colombian society has exposed its public sector
A 2.98nW bandgap voltage reference using a self-tuning low leakage sample and hold

A novel low power bandgap voltage reference using a sample and hold circuit with self-calibrating duty cycle and leakage compensation is presented. Measurements of 0. 18μm CMOS test chips show a temperature coefficient of 24.7ppm/°C and power consumption of 2.98nW, marking a 251× power reduction over the previous lowest power bandgap reference.
A robust threshold elliptic curve digital signature providing a new verifiable secret sharing scheme

Robust threshold digital signature schemes are group signature schemes aiming to depart from the classical one person signer schemes. The term 'robust' means that such schemes can tolerate errors attempted by malicious adversary and the term 'threshold' means that given a total of n players, no coalition of players with cardinality less than or equal the threshold value can perform the signature while any coalition of players exceeding the threshold value can perform the signature correctly. The contributions in this paper are two fold. First, we propose a new verifiable secret sharing scheme (VSS) other than Feldman's (1987) and Pedersen's (1992) schemes suitable to protect elliptic curve secret keys. The proposed scheme utilizes a strong one way function provided by the elliptic curve cryptography based on a different type of group mathematics. Next, we employ the elliptic curve VSS to propose a robust threshold elliptic curve digital signature scheme that can withstand an n/2 eavesdropping, n/3 halting and an n/4 malicious adversary. The scheme is able to tolerate n/3 malicious adversary with the cost of higher complexity
MPOC: A Chip Multiprocessor for Embedded Systems

CMP, chip multiprocessor, embedded processor, embedded DRAM, CPACM MPOC was an ambitious microprocessor project undertaken at Hewlett Packard's Palo Alto Research Lab from about 1998 until early in the year 2001. MPOC was designed to be a single-chip community of identical high-speed RISC processors surrounding a large common storage area. Each processor would have its own clock, cache and program counter. Each processor was to be small and simple, such that it would run very fast using minimal power requirements.
Symbolic numerical processing deficit in people with Williams syndrome.

They showed a smaller subitizing range in accordance to what would be expected on the basis or their visuo-spatial capacities. The last decade, behavioral evidence suggested that early non verbal numerical abilities rest on two core systems (Feigenson, Dehaene & Spelke, 2004). The first one, called the Approximate Number System (ANS), permits the representation of large, approximate numerical magnitudes The second one allows keeping track of a small number of elements and would be responsible for the subitizing phenomenon, that is, the ability to rapidly enumerate up to four briefly presented items. Different lines of evidence suggest that these two systems would have strong relationships with spatial cognition as approximate numerical representation would be grounded in our ability to process non-numerical magnitudes (Walsh, 2003; Bueti & Walsh, 2009; Simon 2008) while the mental keeping track of a small number of elements would tap in our ability to assign simultaneously a small number of spatial indexes coding for the spatial coordinates of up to about 4 targets (Trick &Pylyshyn, 1994; Kahneman, Treisman & Gibbs, 1992). Lately, some authors speculate about a possible defection of the ANS in patients with Williams syndrome (WS) considering their difficulty to process numerical magnitudes (Krajcsi et al., 2009; O’Hearn & Landau, 2007; Paterson et al., 2006). As patients with WS were always tested in the visual modality, it remains unclear whether their deficit is specific to the processing of numerical magnitude or result from their basic visuo-spatial impairment (main characteristic of the WS cognitive phenotype). A first set of results supported the second hypothesis as people with WS were shown to have lower numerical acuity only in numerical tasks with high visuo-spatial processing requirements (i.e. comparing two lengths or two arrays of elements but not when comparing two durations or two sequences of flash in a single location; Rousselle & Noël, 2013). Here, we extend our investigation by examining the access to the meaning of visual and verbal numerical symbols in these patients, asking them to compare two Arabic digits or two spoken verbal numerals. Moreover, recent results attested for the presence of a reduced ability to keep track of a small number of element patients with WS, resulting in subitizing abilities comparable to those of 4-yold children (O’Hearn et al., 2005, 2011). This study extend those results attempting to determine whether their subitizing ability is comparable to the one expected of their non verbal developmental age.
Role of hydrosulfide ions (HS-) in methylmercury resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Methylmercury-resistant mutants were obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They were divided into two complementation groups, met2 (homoserine O-acetyltransferase deficiency) and met15 (enzyme deficiency unknown), as reported previously. It was found that met15 was allelic to met17 (O-acetylserine and O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase deficiency). Methylmercury toxicity was counteracted by exogenously added HS-, and both met2 and met17 (met15) mutants overproduced H2S. On the basis of these results, we conclude that met2 and met17 (met15) cause accumulation of hydrosulfide ions in the cell and that the increased level of hydrosulfide is responsible for detoxification of methylmercury.
Effect of Feeding Different levels of Aflatoxin in the Diets on Production Performance of Broiler Breeders

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding diets containing different levels of aflatoxin B1 (AF) viz., 0, 300, 400 and 500ppb on the performance of broiler breeders. The breeder hens aged 28 weeks were fed with four treatment diets: Control (0ppm), (300 ppb), (400 ppb) and (500 ppb) for three periods, each with a duration of three weeks from 28 to 36 weeks of age. Feeding of AFB1 at 300 and 400ppb did not reveal any significant changes in the performance. However, Inclusion of 500ppb AF in the diet significantly (P≤0.05) reduced feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg production, fertility and hatchability. The results indicated no significant (P≥0.05) effect of AF on body weight of breeders.
Suggestopedia in Turkish Language For Foreigners: Georgian In Practice: Georgia

Suggestopedia, developed by Georgi Lozanov, used mostly in language learning although it is applied in many fields such as psychology and pedagogy. This method focuses not only on language instruction but also the conduct of the language class through sugge stions made by instructors and the environment as well. It depends on psychological, didactic and artistic means to reach its aim. This paper discuss es the methods of suggestopedia and its application in Turkish language teaching in Georgia.
Dynamic-Autonomy for Urban Search and Rescue

At the 2002 AAAI Robotics Competition and Exhibition, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) demonstrated a robot that can adjust its level of autonomy on the fly, leveraging its own, intrinsic intelligence to meet whatever level of control was handed down from the user. The robot had the ability to actively protect itself and the environment as it navigated through the USAR environment. In addition, the robot continuously assessed and adapted to changes in its own perceptual capabilities. The INEEL also demonstrated an interface for supporting mixed-initiative interaction between the operator and human. The interface displays an
On Unique Decodability

In this paper, we propose a revisitation of the topic of unique decodability and of some fundamental theorems of lossless coding. It is widely believed that, for any discrete source <i>X</i>, every ldquouniquely decodablerdquo block code satisfies <i>E</i>[<i>l</i>(<i>X</i> <sub>1</sub>, <i>X</i> <sub>2</sub>,., <i>X</i> <sub>n</sub>)]ges<i>H</i>(<i>X</i> <sub>1</sub>, <i>X</i> <sub>2</sub>,., <i>X</i> <sub>n</sub>) where <i>X</i> <sub>1</sub>, <i>X</i> <sub>2</sub>,. , <i>X</i> <sub>n</sub> are the first <i>n</i> symbols of the source, <i>E</i>[<i>l</i>(<i>X</i> <sub>1</sub>, <i>X</i> <sub>2</sub>,., <i>X</i> <sub>n</sub>)] is the expected length of the code for those symbols, and <i>H</i>(<i>X</i> <sub>1</sub>, <i>X</i> <sub>2</sub>,., <i>X</i> <sub>n</sub>) is their joint entropy. We show that, for certain sources with memory, the above inequality only holds when a limiting definition of ldquouniquely decodable coderdquo is considered. In particular, the above inequality is usually assumed to hold for any ldquopractical coderdquo due to a debatable application of McMillan's theorem to sources with memory. We thus propose a clarification of the topic, also providing an extended version of McMillan's theorem to be used for Markovian sources.
Experimental investigation on HVDC vacuum circuit breaker based on artificial current zero

With the development of HVDC technology, the demand of HVDC circuit breaker is becoming urgent, whereas, a commercial HVDC circuit breaker is still not available. A prototype of HVDC circuit breaker based on artificial current zero and its testing scheme is proposed in this paper. Then the DC interruption experiment is carried on. In the DC interruption experiment, an 8kA DC current is interrupted and the interruption process is analyzed. In the experiment, LC source is used as the current source, and two vacuum interrupters are connected in series to form the main circuit breaker. Experiments are conducted to interrupt current of 8kA with the peak of the transient interruption voltage up to 110kV.
Canine gastric pacemaker.

KELLY, KEITH A. , AND CHARLES F. CODE. Canine gastric pacemaker. Am. J. Physiol. 220( 1) : 112-l 18. 1971 . -Our objective was to determine the site of origin of the canine gastric pacesetter potential (PP). In six dogs, longitudinal (orad-to-caudad) gastric bisection was performed, the greater (GC) and lesser curvature (LC) halves were reunited, and electrodes were implanted on each half. After recovery, gastric electric activity was recorded intermittently in the conscious fasted dogs for 3 months. The orad one-fourth of the stomach along the GC was then resected, and the dogs were restudied. After bisection, the PP of the GC arose in the orad corpus, had a regular rhythm and a mean frequency of 5.2 cycles/min, and was propagated caudally. In contrast, the PP of the LC at first arose from multiple sites and had an irregular rhythm and a slower mean frequency of 3.2 cycles/min. However, the frequency of the PP of the LC gradually increased and, by 14 days after bisection, the PP of the LC was coupled to that of the GC. Resection of the orad corpus along the GC decreased the PP frequency in the remaining stomach about 1 cycle/min, but did not alter electric coupling between the halves or PP propagation. The data indicate that the dominant site of origin of the gastric PP is in the GC half of the orad corpus.