Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guide to Annotation

A review of multimedia annotation techniques, in particular image annotation, is presented. The annotation requirements for the Benchmarking workpackage of the MUSCLE EU Network of Excellence are also presented and discussed. A significant contribution is the creation of a keyword vocabulary based on an analysis of keywords used in experiments for testing automated image annotation algorithms and in automated image and video annotation evaluation campaigns. An XML format for storing image annotations in a standard way is also suggested.
Content analysis of uterine cervix images: initial steps toward content based indexing and retrieval of cervigrams

This work is motivated by the need for visual information extraction and management in the growing field of medical image archives. In particular the work focuses on a unique medical repository of digital cervicographic images ("Cervigrams") collected by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in a longitudinal multi-year study carried out in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. NCI together with the National Library of Medicine (NLM) is developing a unique Web-based database of the digitized cervix images to study the evolution of lesions related to cervical cancer. Such a database requires specific tools that can analyze the cervigram content and represent it in a way that can be efficiently searched and compared. We present a multi-step scheme for segmenting and labeling regions of medical and anatomical interest within the cervigram, utilizing statistical tools and adequate features. The multi-step structure is motivated by the large diversity of the images within the database. The algorithm identifies the cervix region within the image. It than separates the cervix region into three main tissue types: the columnar epithelium (CE), the squamous epithelium (SE), and the acetowhite (AW), which is visible for a short time following the application of acetic acid. The algorithm is developed and tested on a subset of 120 cervigrams that were manually labeled by NCI experts. Initial segmentation results are presented and evaluated.
Space‐based measurements of sheet‐flow characteristics in the Everglades wetland, Florida

New space‐based observations of South Florida with interferometric SAR (InSAR) reveal spatially detailed, quantitative images of water levels in the Everglades. The new data capture dynamic water level topography, providing the first detailed picture of wetland sheet flow. We observe localized radial sheet flow in addition to well‐known southward unidirectional sheet flow, modelled as a linear diffusive flow. We obtain quantitative estimates of flow diffusivity (23–91 m2/s), the first space‐based estimates of such hydrologic parameter for the Everglades. Space‐based hydrologic observations can provide critical information for monitoring, understanding and managing wetland sheet flow, and contribute to wetland restoration.
A hierarchical resource locating and routing for SIP-based telephony systems

SIP provides powerful capabilities for building audio conferencing services. However, the scalability for SIP-based telephony systems is mainly limited by both the capability of server and the availability of bandwidth. Based on the study of the SIP and P2P protocol, the paper proposes a pure hierarchical P2P architecture for SIP-based telephony systems. The architecture can dynamically increase the number of users without negative influence on the stability of system. Experimental results show that the hierarchical P2P architecture can significantly reduce both resource lookup latency and physical hops.
A 2.45 GHz harmonic suppression rectangular patch antenna

This paper presented a new design of rectangular patch antenna which is able to suppress the harmonic frequencies. The techniques that are used in the suppression of harmonics are a notch-loaded and curvature slots at the antenna patch together with an open stub and inset feed transmission line. The partially ground with a circular slot at ground plane is also introduced to reduce the overall patch size. The patch antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate with εr=4.7 and a thickness of 1.6 mm give -40dB return loss at 2.45GHz and suppress all the harmonics up to -1dB. The proposed of harmonic suppression antenna can avoid by using harmonic filter circuit in the rectenna circuit and active integrated antenna (AIA) applications, thus the system becomes compact and cheaper.
VANGUARD1 Encodes a Pectin Methylesterase That Enhances Pollen Tube Growth in the Arabidopsis Style and Transmitting Tract

In flowering plants, penetration of the pollen tube through stigma, style, and transmitting tract is essential for delivery of sperm nuclei to the egg cells embedded deeply within female tissues. Despite its importance in plant reproduction, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate the navigation of the pollen tube through the stigma, style, and transmitting tract. Here, we report the identification and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, VANGUARD1 (VGD1) that encodes a pectin methylesterase (PME)-homologous protein of 595 amino acids and is required for enhancing the growth of pollen tubes in the style and transmitting tract tissues. VGD1 was expressed specifically in pollen grain and the pollen tube. The VGD1 protein was distributed throughout the pollen grain and pollen tube, including the plasma membrane and cell wall. Functional interruption of VGD1 reduced PME activity in the pollen to 82% of the wild type and greatly retarded the growth of the pollen tube in the style and transmitting tract, resulting in a significant reduction of male fertility. In addition, the vgd1 pollen tubes were unstable and burst more frequently when germinated and grown on in vitro culture medium, compared with wild-type pollen tubes. Our study suggests that the VGD1 product is required for growth of the pollen tube, possibly via modifying the cell wall and enhancing the interaction of the pollen tube with the female style and transmitting tract tissues.
Biocheese: A Food Probiotic Carrier

This review describes some aspects related to the technological barriers encountered in the development and stability of probiotic cheeses. Aspects concerning the viability of probiotic cultures in this matrix are discussed and the potential of cheese as a biofunctional food carrier is analyzed, outlying some points related to health and safety. In general, the manufacture of probiotic cheese should have little change when compared with the elaboration of cheese in the traditional way. The physicochemical and technological parameters influencing the quality of these products have also to be measured so as to obtain a process optimization.
QoS Support within Active LARA++ Routers

Research in recent years has revealed the importance of Quality of Service (QoS) support for future Internet technologies. The increasing demand for real-time multimedia communication systems stresses its significance. While at the same time research has exposed the limitations of current networks, namely the lack of extensibility and programmability, the growing interest in the new field of active and programmable networks has become more prominent. These two concurrent evolutions are the driving forces for our research on QoS for active networks. This paper discusses the issues of QoS within our second-generation active router architecture, LARA++. We describe a series of general requirements for active routers arising from the demand of soft and hard QoS in active networks and present the QoS mechanisms designed for our component-based active router architecture.
Bayesian analysis of single trial cortical event-related components

A common technique in neurophysiology is the recording of electric potentials generated by cortical neuronal ensembles in relation to a specific event. The understanding of event-related potentials requires the identification of signals that are relatively phase-locked to a stimulus or event onset (event-related potentials) as well as non-phase locked activities. It is now widely accepted that the recorded phase-locked signal itself is not a homogeneous signal, but instead a combination of different components, which can vary in amplitude and latency from trial to trial. We approach the problem of identifying event-related component waveforms and their trial-to-trial variability from a Bayesian perspective. We employ a signal model consisting of a set of unknown source waveforms each with their own set of trial-to-trial amplitudes and latencies. Differential variability of the sources from trial to trial aids significantly in the identification of the component waveforms. The posterior probability density.
New High Power Semiconductors : High Voltage IGBTs and GCTs

Ultra high power, high voltage, power electronics is on the verge of a new era. Two new power semiconductor technologies, the high voltage IGBT and the GCT (Gate Commutated Thyristor) are improving the performance, simplifying the design and increasing the reliability of applications ranging from 100's of KVA to many MVA. This paper will discuss the characteristics and application considerations of these revolutionary new technologies.
STEENROD OPERATIONS AND HOCHSCHILD HOMOLOGY.

Let X be a simply connected space and Fp be a prime field. The algebra of normalized singular cochains N ∗ (X; Fp) admits a natural homotopy structure which induces natural Steenrod operations on the Hochschild homology HH∗N ∗ (X; Fp) of the space X. The primary purpose of this paper is to prove that the J. Jones isomorphism HH∗N ∗ (X; Fp) ∼ H ∗ (X S 1 ; Fp) identifies theses Stenrood operations with those defined on the cohomology of the free loop space with coefficients in Fp. The other goal of this paper is to describe a theoritic model which allows to do some computations. AMS Classification: 55P35, 13D03, 55P48, 16E45, 18F25.
Neural consequences of competing stimuli in both visual hemifields: A physiological basis for visual extinction

We used positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers to test hemispheric rivalry theories for normal and pathological spatial attention, which provide an influential account of contralesional extinction on bilateral stimulation after unilateral brain injury. Subjects reported visual characters presented either unilaterally or bilaterally. An extinction‐like pattern was found behaviorally, with characters in one hemifield reported less accurately when competing characters appeared in the other hemifield. Differences in neural activity for unilateral minus bilateral conditions revealed greater activation of striate and extrastriate areas for stimuli presented without competing stimuli in the other hemifield. Thus, simultaneous bilateral stimulation led to a significant reduction in response by spatiotopic visual cortex contralateral to a particular stimulus. These data provide physiological support for interhemispheric rivalry in the intact human brain, and demonstrate that such competition impacts at early levels of perceptual processing. Ann Neurol 2000;47:440–446.
Unsupervised Learning for Lexicon-Based Classification

In lexicon-based classification, documents are assigned labels by comparing the number of words that appear from two opposed lexicons, such as positive and negative sentiment. Creating such words lists is often easier than labeling instances, and they can be debugged by non-experts if classification performance is unsatisfactory. However, there is little analysis or justification of this classification heuristic. This paper describes a set of assumptions that can be used to derive a probabilistic justification for lexicon-based classification, as well as an analysis of its expected accuracy. One key assumption behind lexicon-based classification is that all words in each lexicon are equally predictive. This is rarely true in practice, which is why lexicon-based approaches are usually outperformed by supervised classifiers that learn distinct weights on each word from labeled instances. This paper shows that it is possible to learn such weights without labeled data, by leveraging co-occurrence statistics across the lexicons. This offers the best of both worlds: light supervision in the form of lexicons, and data-driven classification with higher accuracy than traditional word-counting heuristics.
Established monolayer differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells generates heterogeneous neocortical‐like neurons stalled at a stage equivalent to midcorticogenesis

Two existing and widely applied protocols of embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation have been developed to enable in vitro generation of neurons resembling neocortical projection neurons in monolayer culture and from embryoid bodies. The monolayer approach offers advantages for detailed in vitro characterizations and potential mechanistic and therapeutic screening. We investigated whether mouse ES cells undergoing largely undirected neocortical differentiation in monolayer culture recapitulate progressive developmental programs of in vivo progenitor and postmitotic differentiation and whether they develop into specific neocortical subtypes. We find that ES‐derived mitotic cells that have been dorsalized by the sonic hedgehog antagonist cyclopamine, and that express, as a total population, cardinal markers of telencephalic progenitors, are, in fact, molecularly heterogeneous. We next show that these progenitors subsequently generate small numbers of heterogeneous neocortical‐like neurons that are “stalled” at an immature stage of differentiation, based on multiple developmental criteria. Although some aspects of neocortical development are recapitulated by existing protocols of ES cell differentiation, these data indicate that mouse ES‐derived neocortical progenitors both are more heterogeneous than their in vivo counterparts and seemingly include many incorrectly specified progenitors. Furthermore, these ES‐derived progenitors spontaneously differentiate into sparse, and incompletely and largely imprecisely differentiated, neocortical‐like neurons that fail to adopt specific neuronal identities in vitro. These results provide both foundation and motivation for refining and enhancing directed differentiation of clinically important neocortical projection neuron subtypes. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2691–2706, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Use of Transcendentals for Program Testing

The element z is called a transcendental for the class F if functions in F can be uniquely identified by their values at z. Conditions for the existence of transcendentals are discussed for certain classes of polynomials, multinomials, and rational functions. Of particular interest are those transcendentals having an exact representation in computer arithmetic. Algorithms are presented for reconstruction of the coefficients of a polynomial from its value at a transcendental. The theory is illustrated by application to polynomials, quadratic forms, and quadrature formulas.
Učení a vyučování cizích jazyků a identita

V poslednich přibližně sedesati letech dochazi k dynamickemu rozvoji výzkumu procesů uceni a vyucovani cizich jazyků, s podobnou mirou intenzity jsou rovněž vytvařeny nove teorie, ktere ozřejmuji intencionalni a incidentalni procesy osvojovani jazyků. V obou těchto oblastech se odražeji nejen nejnovějsi poznatky relevantnich vědnich disciplin, ale i požadavky soucasne spolecnosti na jazykove vzdělavani. Předložena studie se soustřeďuje na jednu z oblasti, ktera se stava v posledni době zejmena v zahranici velmi frekventovaným tematem odborneho diskurzu v ramci didaktiky cizich jazyků. Touto oblasti jsou komplexni a mnohodimenzionalni vztahy mezi jazykem/jazyky a identitou/identitami jedince. V uvodni casti přispěvku je podan strucný vhled do konceptualizace identity a nastin vybraných teorii uceni a osvojovani jazyků, v nichž lze zřetelně identifikovat spolecne jmenovatele se soucasným chapanim identity. Pote nasleduje souhrnna charakteristika vztahů jazyka a identity. Nasledujici cast představuje oblasti výuky cizich jazyků, v nichž se konstrukt identity zrcadli zvlastě zřetelně a v zavěru je exemplarně představen dosavadni výzkum zaměřený na zkoumani jazyka a identity v kontextu uceni a vyucovani cizich jazyků.
Spotlight Issue on Signaling in Cardiac Metabolism: Transcriptional Control of Mitochondrial Biogenesis. the Central Role of Pgc-1α

Although the concept of energy starvation in the failing heart was proposed decades ago, still very little is known about the origin of energetic failure. Recent advances in molecular biology have started to elucidate the transcriptional events governing mitochondrial biogenesis. In particular a great step forwards was taken with the discovery that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator (PGC-1α) is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the downregulation of PGC-1a and the consequent decrease in mitochondrial function in heart failure are, however, still poorly understood. Indeed, the main pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis are thought to be up-rather than down-regulated in pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. The current review summarizes recent advances in this field and is restricted to the heart when cardiac data is available. A. Definition Mitochondrial biogenesis can be defined as the growth and division of pre-existing mitochondria. According to the well-accepted endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria are the direct descendants of an α-Proteobacteria endosymbiont that became established in a host cell. Due to their ancient bacterial origin, mitochondria have their own genome and a capacity for autoreplication. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes. The double-strand circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is ~16.5 kb in vertebrates and contains 37 genes encoding 13 subunits of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I, III, IV and V, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs necessary for the translation. Correct m itochondrial biogenesis relies on the spatiotemporally coordinated synthesis and import of˜1000 proteins encoded by the nuclear genome, of which some are assembled with proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA within newly synthesized phospholipid membranes of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. In addition, mitochondrial DNA replication and mitochondrial fusion and fission mechanisms must also be coordinated (Figure 1). All of these processes have to be tightly regulated in order to meet the tissue requirements. Mitochondrial biogenesis is triggered by environmental stresses such as exercise, cold exposure, caloric restriction and oxidative stress, cell division and renewal, and differentiation. The biogenesis of mitochondria is accompanied by variations in mitochondrial size, number and mass. The discovery that
MSSM and Dynamical SUSY breaking

In this paper I first give a brief introduction to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model(MSSM). Then I discuss a little bit on why we need supersymmetry, the consequence of electroweak symmetry breaking in MSSM and the mass spectrum. After that, I turn to study dynamical supersymmetry breaking(DSB). I first consider the Supersymmetric QCD(SQCD): its classical moduli spaces, Affine-DineSeiberg(ADS) superpotential, and Quantum Moduli Spaces(QMS) when Nf = Nc. Then two models, the 3-2 model and Intriligator-Thomas model are proposed as examples on two distinct ways of DSB, which are DSB from ADS criteria and DSB from Deformed QMS, respectively. Finally, I comment on own thoughts on model building towards a visible DSB. ∗jshu@theory.uchicago. edu 1
Toward Construction of PVPKE in the Standard Model Based on Factoring Assumption

Recently, we introduced an interesting cryptographic primitive: CCA Secure Publicly verifiable Public Key Encryption Without Pairings In the Standard Model (PVPKE) and discussed its application in constructing of chosen cipher text secure proxyre-encryption (PRE) and chosen cipher text secure threshold public key encryption (TPKE) [32]. Recently Hofheiz and Kiltz[16] proposed a practical chosen cipher text secure encryption from factoring assumption in the signed quadratic residues group(HK09 scheme). In this paper, we try to modify the HK09 scheme to meet the requirements of PVPKE, that is, how to publicly verify the cipher text's validity. Towards this goal, we propose three schemes and roughly analysis its feature and security. We believe our results will be useful to guide a final good result.
26Al AND THE FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM FROM A MOLECULAR CLOUD CONTAMINATED BY WOLF–RAYET WINDS

In agreement with previous work, we show that the presence of the short-lived radionuclide (SLR) 26Al in the early solar system was unlikely (less than 2% a priori probability) to be the result of direct introduction of supernova (SN) ejecta into the gaseous disk during the Class II stage of protosolar evolution. We also show that Bondi–Hoyle accretion of any contaminated residual gas from the Sun's natal star cluster contributed negligible 26Al to the primordial solar system. Our calculations are consistent with the absence of the oxygen isotopic signature expected with any late introduction of SN ejecta into the protoplanetary disk. Instead, the presence of 26Al in the oldest solar system solids (calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs)) and its apparent uniform distribution with the inferred canonical 26Al/27Al ratio of (4.5–5) × 10−5 support the inheritance of 26Al from the Sun's parent giant molecular cloud. We propose that this radionuclide originated in a prior generation of massive stars that formed in the same molecular cloud and contaminated that cloud by Wolf–Rayet winds. We calculated the Galactic distribution of 26Al/27Al ratios that arise from such contamination using the established embedded cluster mass and stellar initial mass functions, published nucleosynthetic yields from the winds of massive stars, and by assuming rapid and uniform mixing into the cloud. Although our model predicts that the majority of stellar systems contain no 26Al from massive stars, and that the a priori probability that the 26Al/27Al ratio will reach or exceed the canonical solar system value is only ∼6%, the maximum in the distribution of nonzero values is close to the canonical 26Al/27Al ratio. We find that the Sun most likely formed 4–5 million years (Myr) after the massive stars that were the source of 26Al. Furthermore, our model can explain the initial solar system abundance of a second, co-occurring SLR, 41Ca, if ∼5 × 105 yr elapsed between ejection of the radionuclides and the formation of CAIs. The presence of a third radionuclide, 60Fe, can be quantitatively explained if (1) the Sun formed immediately after the first SNe from the earlier generation of stars; (2) only 5% of SN ejecta was incorporated into the molecular cloud, or (3) the radionuclide originated in an even earlier generation of stars whose contributions to other radionuclides with a shorter half-life had completely decayed.
Comparative study of efficiency among the developed MLUAT methodology in comparison with Qualitative User Testing Method and Heuristics Evaluation

Mobile learning has been investigated from a range of perspectives, but there is little published research on usability of m-learning environments. To have successful educational m-learning it is essential to devise and implement appropriate usability testing methodologies to evaluate the usability of mobile applications. The research study contribution is the new proposed MLUAT methodology that is been shown more effective in comparison with two other existing usability methods. Additinaly the research contribution is comparing the results between two usability testing methods aimed for e-learning and applied in m-learning and the one proposed by the authors called MLUAT usability testing methodology for m-learning and analyzing its efficiency. In appendix are provided the questionaire and the table of results were the MLUAT methodology shows beter results in detecting usability issues then the two exisiting methodologies.