Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Impact of Brain Injury: A Review

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known as “silent epidemic” because of lack of knowledge about it and its delayed symptoms of memory and cognitive problems. The incidence is approximately 1.4 million per year in the United States, and in the developing countries, it is approximately 341 per 100,000. In the United States, the annual productivity loss due to TBI and its delayed effects is more than $56 billion. TBIs occur mainly due to traffic accidents and falls. All the age groups are affected, but the rates are higher in men than in women. The causes vary as per the age groups as traumas affect mainly children and elderly, and traffic accidents and violence affect more of adolescents and young adults. Data from various studies indicate wide variation in the incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders after TBI, but they are definitely higher as compared with general population. We also noted different psychiatric disorders in post head injury cases during follow-up at our university hospital, which included depression, behavioral disorders, cognitive disorders, memory impairment, anxiety disorders, stress-related headache, vertigo, irritability and sleep disorders, etc. Therefore, this review was undertaken to assess the psychosocial impact of brain injury on an individual.
Protective effects of dexmedetomidine combined with flurbiprofen axetil on remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia: A randomized controlled trial

High dosages of intra-operative remifentanil are associated with opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combined dexmedetomidine and flurbiprofen axetil treatment on remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I–II who were diagnosed with hysteromyoma and scheduled for laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) were randomly divided into three groups. Group hyperalgesia (Group H, n=29) received intra-operative remifentanil, Group hyperalgesia and dexmedetomidine (Group HD, n=28) received remifentanil and a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine, and Group hyperalgesia, dexmedetomidine and flurbiprofen axetil (Group HDF, n=29) received remifentanil, flurbiprofen axetil and dexmedetomidine. Mechanical pain thresholds were measured during the preoperative visit and postoperatively at 1, 6 and 24-h time points. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, time to analgesic requirement, total sufentanil consumption and side effects were assessed postoperatively. Mechanical pain threshold at the incision site was significantly lower in Group H compared with Groups HD and HDF (both P<0.05), and significantly higher in Group HDF than in Group HD (P<0.05). The area of secondary hyperalgesia at the incision site was greater in Group H than in the other two groups (both P<0.05), and significantly smaller in Group HDF compared with Group HD (P<0.05). VAS scores and total sufentanil consumption were significantly higher in Group H compared with the other two groups (both P<0.05), and were significantly lower in Group HDF compared with Group HD (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine combined with flurbiprofen axetil exhibits synergetic effects in the prevention of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in patients undergoing LAVH.
An Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithms Basedon Neighbourhood and Step

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can be regarded as algorithms based on neighbourhood search, where diierent search operators (such as crossover and mutation) determine diierent neighbourhood and step sizes. This paper analyses the eeciency of various mutations in evolutionary programming (EP) by examining their neighbourhood and step sizes. It shows analytically when and why Cauchy mutation-based fast EP (FEP) 1, 2] is better than Gaussian mutation-based classical EP (CEP). It also studies the relationship between the optimality of the solution and the time used to nd the solution. Based on the theoretical analysis, an improved FEP (IFEP) is proposed, which combines the advantages of both Cauchy and Gaussian mutations in EP. Although IFEP is very simple and requires no extra parameters, it performs better than both FEP and CEP for a number of benchmark problems.
Hierarchical control of active hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in DC microgrids

Energy storages can be characterized based on energy and power densities, ramp rate, etc. Hybridization takes advantages of all energy storages to enhance system performance. Hierarchical control which is comprised of both centralized and distributed control is proposed for HESS operation in this paper. In normal state, system operates with energy management system. The central controller is used to coordinate the power sharing among various energy storages based on their characteristics and operating statuses. In case of communication failure, distributed control which operates with local information is to be activated. The bus voltage is used as indicator for system power balance to realize distributed control of system units. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the verification of the proposed methods.
Design of High frequency Voltage Controlled Oscillators for Phase Locked Loop

This paper presents the analysis of various oscillators that generate high frequency of oscillation for high speed communication, clock generation and clock recovery. The Ring oscillator and the Current Starved Voltage Controlled Oscillator(CSVCO) (for 5-stagewithout resistor and with resistor) have been implemented using the Cadence Virtuoso tool in 90 nm technology. The generated frequency of oscillation and the power consumption values of the voltage controlled oscillators have been calculated after inclusion in the PLL, and were also compared to identify the most suitable voltage controlled oscillator for a given application.
Dynamic Hebbian Learning in System Architecturebased on High-Speed

This paper describes the digital hardware implementation of a neural model that includes both nonlinear short-term and long-term dynamics. Hebbian learning is employed due to its local processing and its biological plausibility. The implementation utilizes carry-look-ahead adders and parallel multipliers, which results in a high processing speed of the single neuron. Hence, networks of neurons can be emulated through multiplexing of one single hardware neuron which leads to a conng-urable system. The performance of the system can be increased by adding additional hardware neurons due to the scalability of the approach.
Terminological Knowledge Representation: A Proposal for a Terminological Logic

A roller particularly adapted for driving sheet material through a folding machine, which sheet material is folded by the folding machine. The roller has an elongated cylindrical body, with an axle connected to the body for rotatably supporting the body. The cylindrical body has a pair of recessed fastening flats in the body, each being adjacent to opposite ends of the body. An elongated strip friction belt has one end removably fastened to one of the fastening flats. The belt is helically wound on the cylindrical body, with adjacent edges of the belt abutting. The belt has the other end releasably fastened to the other fastening belt. The ends of the friction belt are easily released to allow the belt to be removed and replaced by a replacement belt.
D ec 2 00 3 SU-ITP-03 / 32 NYU-TH-03 / 11 / 09 KUL-TF-03 / 33 hep-th / 0312005 D-term strings

We study the embedding of cosmic strings, related to the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortex solution, into d = 4, N = 1 supergravity. We find that the local cosmic string solution which saturates the BPS bound of supergravity with the D-term potential for the Higgs field and with the constant Fayet–Iliopoulos term, has 1/2 of supersymmetry unbroken. We observe an interesting relation between the gravitino supersymmetry transformation, positive energy condition and the deficit angle of the cosmic string. We argue that the string solutions with magnetic flux with F -term potential cannot be supersymmetric, which leads us to a conjecture that D1-strings of string theory in the effective 4d supergravity may be described by the D-term strings, which we study in this paper. e-mails: gd23@feynman.acf. nyu.edu, kallosh@stanford.edu, antoine.vanproeyen@fys.kuleuven. ac.be
METASTABILITY ERRORS IN CMOS INTERFACE CIRCUITS

metastability is becoming a serious problem in high-performance VLSI design, mainly due to the relatively-high probability of error when a bistable circuit operates at high frequencies. dynamic latchesare widely used in high-performance VLSI circuits, mainly dueto their lower cost and higher operation speed than static latches. In this work, we demonstrate that dynamic memory cells presentan anomalous behavior referred to as metastable operation with characteristics similar to those of static latches. During every cycle, the relative time of the two signals changes a bit, and eventually they switch sufficiently close to each other, leading to metastability. With multiple clock domains on the same chip, synchronizers are required when on-chip data crosses the clock domain boundaries. Any flip-flop can easily be made metastable. Toggle its data input simultaneously with the sampling edge of the clock, and you get metastability. One common way to demonstrate metastability is to supply two clocks that differ very slightly in frequency to the data and clock inputs.
Improvements in children's speech recognition performance

There are several reasons why conventional speech recognition systems modeled on adult data fail to perform satisfactorily on children's speech input. For instance, children's vocal characteristics differ significantly from those of adults. In addition, their choices of vocabulary and sentence construction modalities usually do not conform to adult patterns. We describe comparative studies demonstrating the performance gain realized by adopting to children's acoustic and language model data to construct a children's speech recognition system.
The Qualities of Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples in Young Adulthood.

Objective Recognition of sexual minorities in social science research is growing and this study contributes to knowledge on this population by comparing the qualities of same-sex and different-sex relationships among young adults. Background The findings of studies on this topic cannot be generalized to young adults because they are limited to coresidential unions and based on convenience samples. This study extends prior research by examining multiple relationship qualities among a nationally-representative sample of males and females in "dating" and cohabiting relationships. Method The authors compare young adults in same-sex and different-sex relationships with respect to relationship quality (commitment, satisfaction, and emotional intimacy) and sexual behavior (sexual frequency and sexual exclusivity). Drawing on the fourth wave of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth), they use multiple regression to compare: male respondents with different-sex partners, male respondents with same-sex partners, female respondents with different-sex partners, and female respondents with same-sex partners. Results Consistent with previous research, the authors find that respondents in same-sex relationships experience similar levels of commitment, satisfaction, and emotional intimacy as their counterparts in different-sex relationships. They also corroborate the finding that male respondents in same-sex relationships are less likely than other groups of respondents to indicate their relationship is sexually exclusive. Conclusion This study provides an empirical basis for understanding the relationships of sexual minority young adults.
The International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing a Software Component for Network Based Data Acquisition and Control Applications

This paper presents a software component that can be used for diverse networked based applications, such as data acquisition, remote control, and sensor network monitoring. Being built on the basis of object-oriented design, this component can cope with different communication protocols and be easily to extended to multi-platform environment. An implementation of communication through TCP/UDP socket connection is illustrated. Applications of this software component to networked control system simulation on Matlab platform, real-time system control using xPC Target, and monitoring wireless sensor networks are demonstrated. it is shown that this software component provides a convenient way for the development of networked based applications.
Norfloxacin-Induced Electroencephalogram Alteration and Seizures in Rats Are Not Triggered by Enhanced Levels of Intracerebral Glutamate

ABSTRACT Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalogram (EEG) effect was combined with intracerebral glutamate determinations using microdialysis for rats receiving norfloxacin intravenously (150 mg/kg of body weight). The EEG effect (accompanied by tremors and seizures) was consistently observed without glutamate level modifications. Therefore, norfloxacin-inducted seizures are not triggered by intracerebral glutamate level enhancement.
Genetic/molecular alterations of meningiomas and the signaling pathways targeted

Meningiomas are usually considered to be benign central nervous system tumors; however, they show heterogenous clinical, histolopathological and cytogenetic features associated with a variable outcome. In recent years important advances have been achieved in the identification of the genetic/molecular alterations of meningiomas and the signaling pathways involved. Thus, monosomy 22, which is often associated with mutations of the NF2 gene, has emerged as the most frequent alteration of meningiomas; in addition, several other genes (e.g. AKT1, KLF4, TRAF7, SMO) and chromosomes have been found to be recurrently altered often in association with more complex karyotypes and involvement of multiple signaling pathways. Here we review the current knowledge about the most relevant genes involved and the signaling pathways targeted by such alterations. In addition, we summarize those proposals that have been made so far for classification and prognostic stratification of meningiomas based on their genetic/genomic features.
Step frequency and perceived self-motion

There is a discrepancy between the ability to correctly match the gains of visual and motor speed in virtual reality (VR) when walking on solid ground and the failure of this ability when walking on a treadmill. Moreover, this discrepancy has been found to interact with effects of the structure of the visual environment. The authors used a high-fidelity treadmill VR system to reproduce the high interactivity of normal walking in wide-area VR. Under these conditions, it was found that gain matches in a richly structured near environment differ by only about 10% in treadmill VR from matches in wide-area VR and that trial-to-trial variations in step frequency predicted changes in perceived locomotor speed. Gait differences resulting from treadmill walking (which are shown not to be a product of wearing a head-mounted display), apparently lead to an overestimation of motor speed on treadmills. When the near visual environment represented an empty hallway, additional errors were present that could be accounted for by known illusions in the perception of visual speed during self-motion. A study of normal gait at different speeds measured by head-tracker is reported as evidence of other possible sources of perceptual estimates of locomotor speed in normal walking.
Yersinia Has a Tropism for B and T Cell Zones of Lymph Nodes That Is Independent of the Type III Secretion System

Pathogenic Yersinia have a pronounced tropism for lymphatic tissues and harbor a virulence plasmid that encodes a type III secretion system, pTTSS, that transports Yops into host cells. Yops are critical virulence factors that prevent phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils and Yersinia mutants lacking one or more Yops are defective for survival in lymphatic tissues, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. However, here we demonstrate that Y. pseudotuberculosis (Yptb) mutants lacking the pTTSS survived as well as or better than wild-type (WT) Yptb in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Infection with pTTSS mutants caused lymphadenitis with little necrosis, whereas infection with WT Yptb provoked lymphadenitis with multiple necrotic suppurative foci. Gentamicin protection assays and microscopic examination of the MLN revealed that pTTSS mutants resided extracellularly adjacent to B and T lymphocytes in the cortex and paracortex. WT Yptb was found extracellularly adjacent to neutrophils and macrophages in necrotic areas and adjacent to B and T lymphocytes in less-inflamed areas. To determine whether lymphocytes protected pTTSS mutants from phagocytic cells, Rag1−/− mice were infected with pTTSS mutants or WT Yptb. pTTSS mutants but not WT, were impaired for survival in MLN of Rag1−/− mice, suggesting that lymphocyte-rich regions constitute a protective niche for pTTSS mutants. Finally, we show that invasin and the chromosomally encoded TTSS were not required for Yptb survival in MLN. In summary, chromosomally encoded factors are sufficient for Yptb replication in the cortex and paracortex of MLN; the pTTSS enables Yersinia to survive within phagocyte-rich areas of lymph nodes, and spread to other tissues.
Effect of FES Cycle Training Cadence on Velocity-specific Power Outputs in Individuals with SCI

This study investigated the effects of FES-cycle training cadence upon the power outputs produced during either fast or slow cycling velocities. Seven untrained individuals with spinal cord injury (C7-T11) performed six weeks (18 sessions, 30-min each leg) of training on an isokinetic FES cycle ergometer. One leg was trained at 10 rev•min -1 and the other at 50 rev•min -1 . The cycling performance of each leg was measured before and after training during 30-min of exercise at both pedalling cadences. Power outputs were calculated as the highest peak power (W) achieved, whenever these occurred during the 30-min pre-training and posttraining assessment and average power output (W) over 30-min. Both peak and average powers were significantly increased following FES-cycle training (peak power by 30%-51%; average power by 41%62%). Percent changes after training were greater for average power than for peak power. However, neither training cadence (50 rev•min -1 or 10 rev•min -1 ), nor the cycling velocity that each trained leg was assessed at, had any effect upon training-induced gains of leg power. These data suggest that for a prolonged aerobic activity such as prolonged FES cycling, training at either slow or fast cadence produces equivalent gains of leg power output.
Systemic Administration of Abeta mAb Reduces Retinal Deposition of Abeta and Activated Complement C3 in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Mouse Model

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of legal blindness in the Western world. There are effective treatments for the vascular complications of neo-vascular AMD, but no effective therapies are available for the dry/atrophic form of the disease. A previously described transgenic CFH-gene deficient mouse model, (cfh−/−), shows hallmarks of early AMD. The ocular phenotype has been further analysed to demonstrate amyloid beta (Aβ) rich basement membrane deposits associated with activated complement C3. Cfh−/− mice were treated systemically in both prophylactic and therapeutic regimes with an anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody (mAb), 6F6, to determine the effect on the cfh−/− retinal phenotype. Prophylactic treatment with 6F6 demonstrated a dose dependent reduction in the accumulation of both Aβ and activated C3 deposition. A similar reduction in the retinal endpoints could be seen after therapeutic treatment. Serum Aβ levels after systemic administration of 6F6 show accumulation of Aβ in the periphery suggestive of a peripheral sink mechanism. In summary, anti-Aβ mAb treatment can partially prevent or reverse ocular phenotypes of the cfh−/− mouse. The data support this therapeutic approach in humans potentially modulating two key elements in the pathogenesis of AMD – Aβ and activated, complement C3.
High Performance Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistors

Silicon nanowires can be prepared with single-crystal structures, diameters as small as several nanometers and controllable hole and electron doping, and thus represent powerful building blocks for nanoelectronics devices such as field effect transistors. To explore the potential limits of silicon nanowire transistors, we have examined the influence of source-drain contact thermal annealing and surface passivation on key transistor properties. Thermal annealing and passivation of oxide defects using chemical modification were found to increase the average transconductance from 45 to 800 nS and average mobility from 30 to 560 cm2/V·s with peak values of 2000 nS and 1350 cm2/V·s, respectively. The comparison of these results and other key parameters with state-of-the-art planar silicon devices shows substantial advantages for silicon nanowires. The uses of nanowires as building blocks for future nanoelectronics are discussed.
Schema Extraction of Deep Web Query Interface

For integrating web databases, the very first challenge is to understand what a query interface says or what query capabilities a source supports. From the view of people, the interior structure of web pages is not concerned to for people. In the most cases, semantic block is identified via visual elements. Therefore, in this paper, a novel arithmetic of schema extraction based on visual features of pages has been designed to grasp and analyze attributes and query controls of pages. Firstly, judge query interface region by heuristic rules; Then, parse the interface region by analytic algorithm of pages; Lastly, deal with the query interface region to get logical attributes by visual features of pages, which are shown by a link list. Experiment result shows that this method has dramatically improved the extraction precision of query schema.