Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile Applications for Diabetics: A Systematic Review and Expert-Based Usability Evaluation Considering the Special Requirements of Diabetes Patients Age 50 Years or Older

Background A multitude of mhealth (mobile health) apps have been developed in recent years to support effective self-management of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2. Objective We carried out a systematic review of all currently available diabetes apps for the operating systems iOS and Android. We considered the number of newly released diabetes apps, range of functions, target user groups, languages, acquisition costs, user ratings, available interfaces, and the connection between acquisition costs and user ratings. Additionally, we examined whether the available applications serve the special needs of diabetes patients aged 50 or older by performing an expert-based usability evaluation. Methods We identified relevant keywords, comparative categories, and their specifications. Subsequently, we performed the app review based on the information given in the Google Play Store, the Apple App Store, and the apps themselves. In addition, we carried out an expert-based usability evaluation based on a representative 10% sample of diabetes apps. Results In total, we analyzed 656 apps finding that 355 (54.1%) offered just one function and 348 (53.0%) provided a documentation function. The dominating app language was English (85.4%, 560/656), patients represented the main user group (96.0%, 630/656), and the analysis of the costs revealed a trend toward free apps (53.7%, 352/656). The median price of paid apps was €1.90. The average user rating was 3.6 stars (maximum 5). Our analyses indicated no clear differences in the user rating between free and paid apps. Only 30 (4.6%) of the 656 available diabetes apps offered an interface to a measurement device. We evaluated 66 apps within the usability evaluation. On average, apps were rated best regarding the criterion “comprehensibility” (4.0 out of 5.0), while showing a lack of “fault tolerance” (2.8 out of 5.0). Of the 66 apps, 48 (72.7%) offered the ability to read the screen content aloud. The number of functions was significantly negative correlated with usability. The presence of documentation and analysis functions reduced the usability score significantly by 0.36 and 0.21 points. Conclusions A vast number of diabetes apps already exist, but the majority offer similar functionalities and combine only one to two functions in one app. Patients and physicians alike should be involved in the app development process to a greater extent. We expect that the data transmission of health parameters to physicians will gain more importance in future applications. The usability of diabetes apps for patients aged 50 or older was moderate to good. But this result applied mainly to apps offering a small range of functions. Multifunctional apps performed considerably worse in terms of usability. Moreover, the presence of a documentation or analysis function resulted in significantly lower usability scores. The operability of accessibility features for diabetes apps was quite limited, except for the feature “screen reader”.
Preparation and Analytical Properties of 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Biuret and Formaldehyde Terpolymer Resin

The chelating resin was synthesized by polycondensation reaction of 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, formaldehyde and biuret under alkaline condition. The prepared resin was characterized by IR spectroscopy and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The resin sample was cured isothermally at 120°C.The DSC scans was measured for the prepared resin. The analytical evaluation of the prepared resin toward the studied ions (Hg 2+ , Ni 2+ and Pb 2+ ) using the batch method. It was employed to study selectivity of metal ion uptake in a different pH and different treatment time.
Comparative analysis of the effect of temperature on bandgap energy of gallium nitride and its stability beyond room temperature using Bose-Einstein model and Varshni ' s model

High temperature stability of the band-gap energy of the active layer material of a semiconductor device is one of the major challenges in the field of semiconductor optoelectronic device design. It is essential to ensure the stability in different band-gap energy-dependent characteristics of the semiconductor material used to fabricate these devices either directly or indirectly. Different models have been widely used to analyze the band-gap energy-dependent characteristics at different temperatures. The most commonly used methods to analyze the temperature dependence of band-gap energy of semiconductor materials are: the Passler model, the Bose–Einstein model, and Varshni’s model. This paper is going to report the limitation of the Bose–Einstein model through a comparative analysis between the Bose–Einstein model and Varshni’s model. The numerical analysis is carried out considering GaN, as it is one of the most widely used semiconductor materials all over the world. From the numerical results it is ascertained that below the temperature of 95 K both the models show almost same characteristics. However, beyond 95 K Varshni’s model shows weaker temperature dependence than that of the Bose–Einstein model. Varshni’s model shows that the bandgap energy of GaN at 300 K is found to be 3.43 eV, which establishes a good agreement with the theoretically calculated band-gap energy of GaN for operation at room temperature. ABSTRAK: Kestabilan bahan peranti semikonduktor pada suhu tinggi di lapisan aktif jurang tenaga (band-gap) adalah salah satu cabaran penting dalam bidang reka bentuk peranti optoelektronik semikonduktor. Faktor ini bergantung kepada bahan semikonduktor yang digunakan untuk proses fabrikasi peranti elektronik ini samada secara langsung atau tidak langsung, bagi memastikan kestabilan dalam pelbagai jurang lapisan tenaga. Model yang berbeza telah digunakan secara meluas untuk mengkaji kebergantungan ciri jurang lapisan tenaga bahan semikonduktor pada suhu yang berbeza. Kaedah yang paling biasa digunakan untuk menganalisa kebergantungan jurang lapisan IIUM Engineering Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2017 Humayun et al. 152 tenaga bahan semikonduktor pada suhu adalah: model Passler, model Bose-Einstein dan model Varshni. Sementara itu pada suhu melebihi 95 K, model Varshni menunjukkan kebergantungan pada suhu adalah lemah berbanding model Bose-Einstein. Model Varshni menunjukkan bahawa jurang tenaga bagi GaN pada suhu 300 K adalah 3.43 eV, di mana ia adalah tepat dan bersamaan dengan kiraan teori pada jurang lapisan tenaga GaN untuk beroperasi pada suhu bilik.
Fully Automated HTML and Javascript Rewriting for Constructing a Self-Healing Web Proxy

Over the last few years, the complexity of web applications has increased to provide more dynamic web applications to users. The drawback of this complexity is the growing number of errors in the front-end applications. In this paper, we present BikiniProxy, a novel technique to provide self-healing for the web. BikiniProxy is designed as an HTTP proxy that uses five self-healing strategies to rewrite the buggy HTML and Javascript code. We evaluate BikiniProxy with a new benchmark of 555 reproducible Javascript errors, DeadClick. We create DeadClick by randomly crawling the Internet and collect all web pages that contain Javascript errors. Then, we observe how BikiniProxy heals those errors by collecting and comparing the traces of the original and healed pages. To sum up, BikiniProxy is a novel fully-automated self-healing approach that is specific to the web, evaluated on 555 real Javascript errors, and based on original self-healing rewriting strategies for HTML and Javascript.
MEMS for Light-WaveNetworks

As demonstrated in this issue, the emerging field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is beginning to impact almost every area of science and technology. MEMS have the potential to revolutionize light-wave systems. Microdevices such as optical switches, variable attenuators, active equalizers, add/drop multiplexers (ADMs), optical cross-connects (OXCs), gain tilt equalizers, data transmitters, and many others are beginning to find ubiquitous application in advanced light-wave systems.
Skeletal muscule fiber types in C57BL6J mice

Rat skeletal muscle contains up to four myosin isoforms. Analysis of single muscle fibers has identified type I, IIA, IID and IIB fibers containing type I, IIa, IId, and IIb myosin isoforms, respectively. Hybrid fibers have at least two myosin isoforms, such as myosin heavy chain (MHC) I+MHCIIa, MHCIIa+MHCIId or MHCIId+MHCIIb. These fiber types are identified as IC, IIC, IIAD, IIDA, IIDB or IIBD. The muscles of C57BL6J mice have not been extensively characterized, especially with regard to the presence and composition of hybrid fibers. The aim of this study was to examine the fiber composition of the soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles of C57BL6J mice using histochemical and biochemical methods. The SOL muscle contained type I fiber percentage, median ± semi amplitude, (37.42 ± 8.20%), IIA (38.62 ± 6.81%), IIAD (18.74 ± 6.95%) and IID (5.69 ± 3.09%) fibers. The EDL had type I (0.44 ± 1.27%), IC/IIC (3.05 ± 3.49%), IIA (0.46 ± 0.68%), IIAD (7.56 ± 4.51%), IID (0.46 ± 1.34%), IIDB (21.48 ± 7.33%) and IIB (66.01 ± 8.51%) fibers. The TA muscle also showed a predominance of type IIB (59.68 ± 9.95%) and IIDB (33.83 ± 15.85%) fibers followed by type IIAD (3.42 ± 4.87%), IID (2.25 ± 1.64%), IIA (1.12 ± 2.17%), I (0.17 ± 1.25%) and IC/IIC (0.008 ± 1.04%) fibers. The GAS muscle had type IIB (54.42 ± 8.11%), IIDB (19.37 ± 2.98%), IID (2.26 ± 2.24%), IIAD (12.40 ± 2.34%), IIA (5.73 ± 3.24%) and I (5.74 ± 2.55%) fibers. Thus, the SOL muscles of C57BL6J mice had predominantly type IIA fibers, unlike rats in which almost all of the fibers are type I. The EDL, TA and GAS muscles had predominantly IIB and IIDB fibers as in rats.
p75NTR is highly expressed in vestibular schwannomas and promotes cell survival by activating nuclear transcription factor κB

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) arise from Schwann cells (SCs) and result from the loss of function of merlin, the protein product of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. In contrast to non‐neoplastic SCs, VS cells survive long‐term in the absence of axons. We find that p75NTR is overexpressed in VSs compared with normal nerves, both at the transcript and protein level, similar to the response of non‐neoplastic SCs following axotomy. Despite elevated p75NTR expression, VS cells are resistant to apoptosis due to treatment with proNGF, a high affinity ligand for p75NTR. Furthermore, treatment with proNGF protects VS cells from apoptosis due to c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibition indicating that p75NTR promotes VS cell survival. Treatment of VS cells with proNGF activated NF‐κB while inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or siRNA‐mediated knockdown reduced NF‐κB activity. Significantly, proNGF also activated NF‐κB in cultures treated with JNK inhibitors. Thus, JNK activity appears to be required for basal levels of NF‐κB activity but not for proNGF‐induced NF‐κB activity. To confirm that the increase in NF‐κB activity contributes to the prosurvival effect of proNGF, we infected VS cultures with Ad. IκB. SerS32/36A virus, which inhibits NF‐κB activation. Compared with control virus, Ad. IκB. SerS32/36A significantly increased apoptosis including in VS cells treated with proNGF. Thus, in contrast to non‐neoplastic SCs, p75NTR signaling provides a prosurvival response in VS cells by activating NF‐κB independent of JNK. Such differences may contribute to the ability of VS cells to survive long‐term in the absence of axons. GLIA 2014;62:1699–1712
DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED MEASUREMENT WITH MONOCULAR VISION

In this tutorial, knowledge-based visual measure methods with monocular vision system are investigated. The approaches of visual measure based on knowledge known in advance can be classified to four basic categories according to the types of knowledge, such as point position, line, size or shape knowledge, and motion knowledge. The principle for each category is shortly introduced. Furthermore, visual measure methods based on environment information are also discussed. Finally, conclusion and outlook for the development of knowledge-based visual measure are presented.
“A Survey of Software Defined Networking”

: It became more difficult to handle the networks in a proactive and reactive way after the rising number of smart devices and mobile phones. Software Defined Networking SDN is relied on separating data plane and control plane. SDN is considered a rising technology which assures that it will find solutions for most of difficulties and challenges in the way of developing networks at the present time . SDN has a widespread control plane(CP) for all tools of networking of the network that facilitates configuring of devices on the fly. The way of how Software Defined Networks developed to be one of the most wanted technologies of current times is studied in this paper. Moreover, it discusses the architecture and working of all SDN planes, and it presents how SDN is applicable in many areas and some of them have been shed light on. SDN faces several security threats in each of its planes. At the end of the paper the major security challenges are given in detail.
Q-switched and Mode-locked Mid-IR Fiber Lasers

19 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.20 1.1 Brief introduction to lasers, optical fibers and fiber lasers.20 1.2 Introduction to mid-IR lasers.30 1.2. 1 Mid-IR lasers and mid-IR fiber lasers.30 1.2. 2 Pulsed lasers.37 1.2. 3 Saturable absorbers for mid-IR pulsed fiber lasers.39 1.3 Outline of the dissertation.43 CHAPTER 2 FE 2+ :ZNSE AND GRAPHENE Q-SWITCHED SINGLY HO 3+ -DOPED ZBLAN FIBER LASERS AT 3 μm. 45 2.
Regulation of mitosis-meiosis transition by the ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP in male germ cells

The mitosis-meiosis transition is essential for spermatogenesis. Specific and timely downregulation of the transcription factor DMRT1, and consequent induction of Stra8 expression, is required for this process in mammals, but the molecular mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we show that β-TrCP, the substrate recognition component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, targets DMRT1 for degradation and thereby controls the mitosis-meiosis transition in mouse male germ cells. Conditional inactivation of β-TrCP2 in male germ cells of β-TrCP1 knockout mice resulted in sterility due to a lack of mature sperm. The β-TrCP-deficient male germ cells did not enter meiosis, but instead underwent apoptosis. The induction of Stra8 expression was also attenuated in association with the accumulation of DMRT1 at the Stra8 promoter in β-TrCP-deficient testes. DMRT1 contains a consensus β-TrCP degron sequence that was found to bind β-TrCP. Overexpression of β-TrCP induced the ubiquitylation and degradation of DMRT1. Heterozygous deletion of Dmrt1 in β-TrCP-deficient spermatogonia increased meiotic cells with a concomitant reduction of apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicate that β-TrCP regulates the transition from mitosis to meiosis in male germ cells by targeting DMRT1 for degradation. Summary: The transition of mouse male germ cells from mitosis to meiosis is regulated by β-TrCP-mediated degradation of DMRT1, a mechanism that arose after the evolutionary divergence of vertebrates from invertebrates.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Assessment of a Heterogeneous Cohort of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients

Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is known to trigger right ventricular (RV) remodeling that might compromise left ventricular (LV) filling due to inter-ventricular interdependence. In this study, we aimed to examine standard echocardiographic measurements of LV diastolic function in PAH patients. Methods In this retrospective study, we identified clinical as well as complete echocardiographic data from 128 chronic PAH patients to fully assess LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) using standard recommended Doppler guidelines. Accordingly, patients were divided into three groups: LVDD 0, LVDD 1 and LVDD 2. Results The mean age of the studied population was 57 ± 14 years with a mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of 55 ± 21 mm Hg. A total of 36% of the study patients had normal LV diastolic function. However, 64% had LVDD with LVDD stage 1 being the most common (48%). In terms of echocardiographic data, significant differences were found among the three LVDD groups in regards to PASP, LV end systolic and diastolic volumes, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, right ventricular fractional area change as well as many other tissue Doppler imaging parameters. Finally, just age and PASP were predictors of abnormal LV diastolic function (P < 0.05). Conclusions Impaired relaxation is a common abnormality in PAH patients. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether LVDD alters prognosis or is related to changes in the symptomatic profile of this group of patients.
Trust-Based Infinitesimals for Enhanced Collaborative Filtering

In this paper we propose a novel recommender system which enhances user-based collaborative filtering by using a trust-based social network. Our main idea is to use infinitesimal numbers and polynomials for capturing natural preferences in aggregating opinions of trusted users. We use these opinions to “help” users who are similar to an active user to come up with recommendations for items for which they might not have an opinion themselves. We argue that the method we propose reflects better the real life behaviour of the people. Our method is justified by the experimental results; we are the first to break a stated “barrier” of 0.73 for the mean absolute error (MAE) of the predicted ratings. Our results are based on a large, real life dataset from Epinions.com, for which, we also achieve a prediction coverage that is significantly better than that of the state-of-the-art methods.
In-Situ Liquid Cell TEM Observations of Silicate Mineral Dissolution

The chemical weathering of silicate minerals controls in large part the chemical composition of natural waters, such as lakes, rivers, and oceans. Weathering reactions are an important sink for CO2, and play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, which in turn has implications for climate change. Chemical weathering is also crucial to current environmental issues such as acid mine drainage, and geological CO2 storage and sequestration schemes. Understanding the mechanisms of mineral dissolution at the nanoscale is therefore a prerogative for predicting and modeling chemical weathering at multiple scales, ranging from the microscale up to the global scale. Even though silicate mineral weathering has been intensely studied both experimentally and in natural settings for many decades now, the exact mechanisms that control dissolution are still being debated. During dissolution in aqueous solutions, multi-cation silicate minerals develop a secondary altered surface phase, which can be either crystalline or amorphous. Understanding how this surface layer develops is a key to understanding the mechanism of dissolution [1-2]. Until recently, post-altered mineral (and glass) surfaces have been examined using conventional TEM and other high-resolution techniques, such as atom probe tomography. However, to better understand the operative mechanism(s), the mineral dissolution process should ideally be examined in situ in their native fluid environment. To address this issue, we are currently employing nanoscale measurements via in situ liquid cell TEM to examine the in situ dissolution of a common chain silicate mineral, wollastonite (CaSiO3). Preliminary results show that surfaces retreat on the nmscale and this dissolution can be measured in real time.
Theoretic and experimental study of chain-formation mechanism for MRF

Comprehensive theoretical and experimental analyses of chain-formation process for magnetorheological fluid(MRF) are performed in this paper.Firstly,the physical model for the chain-formation process has been established.The Monte Carlo method has been used to simulate the chain-formation process under the gradient magnetic field.Secondly,we study the chain-formation process of MRF under the magnetic field by experiment.Numerical and experimental studies show that: when the magnetic field direction is parallel to the level of magnetorheological fluid and the external magnetic field is zero,magnetic particles are disordered.when the magnetic field strength increases gradually,the magnetic particles form smaller chains,mesh and even columnar structure along the direction of magnetic field;When there is a certain angle between the magnetic field direction and magnetorheological fluid level,with the increase of magnetic field,in the vertical direction of the level,magnetic particles form the small chains and then become the large chains along the magnetic field,finally,all are in the arrangement of chains or columnar chain.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing MRF parameters and design of high-performance MRF devices.
Use of Aerospace Fasteners in Mechanical and Structural

The intention of the present short review is to introduce to the non-specialist reader the feasibility of the use of alternative materials not generally considered by engineers working in mechanical and structural applications. That is, the use of specialised aerospace rivets in the more general area of construction is considered. To this end, the text briefly overviews the different types of fasteners used in the construction industry and their common mechanisms of failure. The most common types of fasteners used for conventional mechanical and structural applications are all-steel rivets and pop rivets consisting of aluminium shank and mandrel of a higher strength alloy. In contrast, the aerospace industry makes universal use of pop rivets consisting of high-strength aluminium alloys, the design and installation of which are illustrated. These more specialised rivets are suitable for implementation because the aluminium alloys used exhibit superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance compared to those of other rivets. For comparison, the mechanical properties of the aluminium alloys used in both conventional and aerospace rivets are surveyed in tabular form. Since environmental failure by galvanic corrosion owing to exposure to seaspray is a frequent occurrence, the factors that affect galvanic corrosion are discussed. A relatively comprehensive graphic survey of the galvanic series for corrosion of metals and alloys in seawater, drawn from a variety of sources, is provided. While this provides a well known ranking of the susceptibility to corrosion, this version of the series is unusual in that it illustrates the series generically for alloys and it differentiates the metals and alloys into four ranges of corrosion resistance rather than as a continuous series. More specifically, since the susceptibility to corrosion of chemically similar alloys can be subtly shaded and hence difficult to rank, the galvanic series for corrosion in seawater of an extended range of aluminium alloys, including some effects of the alloy temper, also is provided. Finally, an example of the successful 10-year performance of aluminium alloy aerospace rivets for the rectification of the failure of a major rooftop structure, which failed rapidly owing to steel shank-aluminium alloy workpiece corrosion from seaspray, is mentioned.