Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of the age of Japanese quails on certain egg quality traits and their relationships.

________________________________________________________________________________________ ZITA, L. , Z. LEDVINKA, L. KLESALOVÁ: The effect of the age of Japanese quails on certain egg quality traits and their relationships. Vet. arhiv 83, 223-232, 2013. ABSTRACT The effect of age on the egg quality traits of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were investigated. One hundred female quails were used in the study. The quails were placed in wire cages (3 females per cage) and fed a mixture with 11.2 MJ ME and 19.7% of crude protein throughout the experiment. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Eggs were collected on 2 consecutive days during the 4-week period when the quails were from 9 to 49 weeks of age. A total of 2,060 eggs were examined. Egg quality traits were signifi cantly affected by the age of the quails, with the exception of egg shape index and yolk colour. A rapid increase in the egg weight was found at the beginning of laying, the highest weight (13.02 g) was found in the 25th week of age, with a subsequent gradual decrease in egg weight until the end of the laying period at 49 weeks of age. Despite frequent fl uctuations, the albumen index, albumen weight, albumen proportion, Haugh units score, eggshell weight and eggshell strength decreased with increasing age, but the yolk proportion, eggshell proportion increased with the quails’ age. The egg weight was positively correlated (P≤0.001) with yolk weight, albumen weight and eggshell weight (0.70, 0.90 and 0.58, respectively). The Haugh unit score was positively correlated with the albumen index (0.94; P≤0.001).
A dynamic fault classification scheme

In this paper, we introduce a novel and simple fault rate classification scheme in hardware. It is based on the well-known threshold scheme, counting ticks between faults. The innovation is to introduce variable threshold values for the classification of fault rates and a fixed threshold for permanent faults. In combination with field data obtained from 9728 processors of a SGI Altix 4700 computing system, a proposal for the frequency-over-time behavior of faults results, experimentally justifying the assumption of dynamic and fixed threshold values. A pattern matching classifies the fault rate behavior over time. From the behavior a prediction is made. Software simulations show that fault rates can be forecast with 98 % accuracy. The scheme is able to adapt to and diagnose sudden changes of the fault rate, e.g. a spacecraft passing a radiation emitting celestial body. By using this scheme, fault-coverage and performance can be dynamically adjusted during runtime. For validation, the scheme is implemented by using different design styles, namely Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and standard-cells. Different design styles were chosen to cover different economic demands. From the implementation, characteristics like the length of the critical path, capacity and area consumption result. This work deals with the handling of faults after they have been detected (fault diagnosis). We do not use the fault rate for the classification of fault types such as transient, intermittent or permanent faults. We classify the current fault rate and forecast its development. On this basis the performance and fault coverage can be dynamically adjusted during runtime. We call this scheme History Voting. The rest of this work is organized as follows: in Section 2, we present and discuss observations on fault rates in real-life systems. In Section 3, we discuss related work. Section 4 introduces History Voting. We seamlessly extend the scheme to support multiple operating units used in multicore or multithreaded systems. The scheme was modeled in software and its behavior simulated under the influence of faults. Section 5 presents experimental results and resource demands from standard-cell and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)implementations. Section 6 concludes the paper.
Anticipated classes of new medications and molecular targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a life-limiting condition with a major impact on the ability to lead a normal life. Although existing therapies may improve the outlook in some patients there remains a major unmet need to develop more effective therapies in this condition. There have been significant advances in our understanding of the genetic, cell and molecular basis of PAH over the last few years. This research has identified important new targets that could be explored as potential therapies for PAH. In this review we discuss whether further exploitation of vasoactive agents could bring additional benefits over existing approaches. Approaches to enhance smooth muscle cell apotosis and the potential of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition are summarised. We evaluate the role of inflammation, epigenetic changes and altered glycolytic metabolism as potential targets for therapy, and whether inherited genetic mutations in PAH have revealed druggable targets. The potential of cell based therapies and gene therapy are also discussed. Potential candidate pathways that could be explored in the context of experimental medicine are identified.
Diversifying Likes

News sharing and commenting are arguably some of the most interesting aspects of how news is consumed and interacted with online. Finding answers to questions regarding who engages in these ways, what type of content gets engaged with, and why certain items are shared and commented upon but not others, are of the utmost importance for those who want to navigate the complex echo system of online news flows. The paper at hand addresses the latter two of the three posed questions—what gets shared or commented on, and why—in the context of the social networking site Facebook. Detailing the influences of Reactions, an expansion of the “Like” button, launched during the spring of 2016, the presented analysis finds that Reactions such as “Love”, “Haha”, “Wow”, “Sad” and “Angry” emerge as somewhat unpopular compared to the original “Like” functionality. Moreover, while more positive forms of Reactions appear to have a hampering effect on the willingness of news consumers on Facebook to engage by means of sharing and commenting, more negative varieties of Facebook Reactions appear to yield adverse influences.
A Simple Dynamic Model for Pricing and Hedging Heterogeneous CDOs

We present a simple bottom-up dynamic credit model that can be calibrated simultaneously to the market quotes on CDO tranches and individual CDSs constituting the credit portfolio. The model is most suitable for the purpose of evaluating the hedge ratios of CDO tranches with respect to the underlying credit names. Default intensities of individual assets are modeled as deterministic functions of time and the total number of defaults accumulated in the portfolio. To overcome numerical difficulties, we suggest a semi-analytic approximation that is justified by the large number of portfolio members. We calibrate the model to the recent market quotes on CDO tranches and individual CDSs and find the hedge ratios of tranches. Results are compared with those obtained within the static Gaussian Copula model. JEL Classification: C63, C65, G12
TWO Is there a facu Ity of deontic reason ing ? A critical re-evaluation of abstract deontic versions of the Wason selection task

DEONTIC RULES ARE PROBLEMATIC FOR SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY The demonstration that subjects can correctly solve abstract deontic versions of the Wason selection task is widely held to be amongst the most compelling evidence in support of PRST, yet in the debate between advocates of SCT and those of PRST, scant attention is paid to the deep diHiculty that these rules pose to SCT. Yet the reason these rules pose a difficulty for SCT is straightforward. Subjects' ability to reason successfully about abstract deontic rules directly challenges the assllmption that people rely upon more specialized reasoning mechanisms, be they a "look for cheaters" algorithm or procedures for managing hazards. Whereas social contracts and precautions require one to assume a common deontic schema, abstract deontic rules would appear to direc/ly map onto the proposed schemas. Furthermore, advocates of SCT cannot simply propose an abstract deontic instinct without calling into q uestioll the rationale for distinct social contract and precaution mechanisms, since they would thereby be redundant. Despite the obvious similarities between the abstract deontic rules employed in the selection task and the production rules in the proposed schemas, the importance or these findings depends upon whether subjects are reasoning with the abstract form of the rules as explicitly stated in the problem materials or whether they are reasoning with some other representation or the rules. PRST is only supported, and SCT flawed, to the extent that subjects do, in fact, map the abstract rules directly onto the hypothesized schemas. Although abstract deontic rules bear an obvious resemblance to the hypothesized production rules, it nevertheless remains an untested assumption that these rules are closer to the internal mental representation than are social contracts and precautions. Cosmides (1989) has claimed that subjects interpret abstract permission rules as social contract rules, thereby triggering a search for cheaters as predicted by SeT. According to Cosmides (1989, p. 239) an abstract permission is implicitly a social contract because: . saying that one must fulfill or satisfy a precondition ill order to be permitted to do something is just another way of saying that one must pay a cost or meet a
Then and Now: On the Maturity of the Cybercrime Markets The Lesson That Black-Hat Marketeers Learned

Cybercrime activities are supported by infrastructures and services originating from an underground economy. The current understanding of this phenomenon is that the cybercrime economy ought to be fraught with information asymmetry and adverse selection problems. They should make the effects that we observe every day impossible to sustain. In this paper, we show that the market structure and design used by cyber criminals have evolved toward a market design that is similar to legitimate, thriving, online forum markets such as eBay. We illustrate this evolution by comparing the market regulatory mechanisms of two underground forum markets: 1) a failed market for credit cards and other illegal goods and 2) another, extremely active marketplace for vulnerabilities, exploits, and cyber attacks in general. The comparison shows that cybercrime markets evolved from unruly, scam for scammers market mechanisms to mature, regulated mechanisms that greatly favors trade efficiency.
Ultralow-loss silicon ring resonators

We experimentally demonstrate silicon ring resonators with internal quality factors of Q<sub>0</sub>=2.2×10<sup>7</sup>, corresponding to record 2.7-dB/m losses. We show that the losses are bend-loss-limited, indicating that the loss limit for silicon has not been reached.
A P 1 -- P 1 Finite Element Method for a Phase Relaxation Model I: Quasi-Uniform Mesh

We study a simple model of phase relaxation which consists of a parabolic PDE for temperature $\theta$ and an ODE with a small parameter $\ep$ and double obstacles for phase variable $\chi$. The model replaces sharp interfaces by diffuse ones and gives rise to superheating effects. A semi-explicit time discretization with uniform time step $\tau$ is combined with continuous piecewise linear finite elements for both $\theta$ and $\chi$, over a fixed quasi-uniform mesh of size h. At each time step, an inexpensive nodewise algebraic correction is performed to update $\chi$, followed by the solution of a linear positive definite symmetric system for $\theta$ by a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. A priori estimates for both $\theta$ and $\chi$ are derived in L2-based Sobolev spaces provided the stability constraint $\tau\leq\ep$ is enforced. Asymptotic behavior of the fully discrete model is examined as $\ep,\tau,h\da0$ independently, which leads to a rate of convergence of order $\O((\tau+h)\ep^{-1/2})$, provided a natural compatibility condition on the initial data is satisfied. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the proposed method for the natural choice $h\approx\tau\leq\ep$.
Host specificity and geographical distribution of Eubothrium in European salmonid fish

Abstract The host specificity and distribution of Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) and Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790), morphologically fairly similar pseudophyllidean tapeworms parasitizing salmonid fish, were critically assessed on the basis of morphological and genetic evaluation of extensive material collected from different definitive hosts and geographical regions in Europe. Eubothrium crassum occurs in fish of the genera Salmo, i.e. salmon (S. salar – both freshwater and marine), sea trout (S. trutta trutta), brown trout (S. truttafario), and lake trout (S. truttalacustris), and also in Danubian salmon (Hucho hucho) and vendace (Coregonus albula). Eubothrium salvelini parasitizes Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Europe, and also whitefish (Coregonus wartmanni). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is not a native European fish species, was found to be a suitable definitive host for both Eubothrium species, which may occur simultaneously in the same fish. Previous records of E. crassum in Arctic char and brook trout, and those of E. salvelini in fish of the genus Salmo were most probably misidentifications. Most studies of Eubothrium have involved salmonids from the northern part of Europe, with few records from southern and south-eastern Europe. This study also confirmed the reliability of the morphology of the apical disc for the discrimination of E. crassum and E. salvelini.
Collaboration in open-source projects: myth or reality?

One of the fundamental principles of open-source projects is that they foster collaboration among developers, disregarding their geographical location or personal background. When it comes to software repositories collaboration is a rather ephemeral phenomenon which lacks a clear definition, and it must therefore be mined and modeled. This throws up the question whether what is mined actually maps to reality. In this paper we investigate collaboration by modeling it using a number of diverse approaches that we then compare to a ground truth obtained by surveying a substantial set of developers of the Pharo open-source community. Our findings indicate that the notion of collaboration must be revisited, as it is undermined by a number of factors that are often tackled in imprecise ways or not taken into account at all.
Chlamydia trachomatis Pgp3 Antibody Population Seroprevalence before and during an Era of Widespread Opportunistic Chlamydia Screening in England (1994-2012)

Background Opportunistic chlamydia screening of <25 year-olds was nationally-implemented in England in 2008 but its impact on chlamydia transmission is poorly understood. We undertook a population-based seroprevalence study to explore the impact of screening on cumulative incidence of chlamydia, as measured by C.trachomatis-specific antibody. Methods Anonymised sera from participants in the nationally-representative Health Surveys for England (HSE) were tested for C.trachomatis antibodies using two novel Pgp3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) as a marker of past infection. Determinants of being seropositive were explored using logistic regression among 16–44 year-old women and men in 2010 and 2012 (years when sexual behaviour questions were included in the survey) (n = 1,402 women; 1,119 men). Seroprevalence trends among 16–24 year-old women (n = 3,361) were investigated over ten time points from 1994–2012. Results In HSE2010/2012, Pgp3 seroprevalence among 16–44 year-olds was 24.4% (95%CI 22.0–27.1) in women and 13.9% (11.8–16.2) in men. Seroprevalence increased with age (up to 33.5% [27.5–40.2] in 30–34 year-old women, 18.7% [13.4–25.6] in 35–39 year-old men); years since first sex; number of lifetime sexual partners; and younger age at first sex. 76.7% of seropositive 16–24 year-olds had never been diagnosed with chlamydia. Among 16–24 year-old women, a non-significant decline in seroprevalence was observed from 2008–2012 (prevalence ratio per year: 0.94 [0.84–1.05]). Conclusion Our application of Pgp3 ELISAs demonstrates a high lifetime risk of chlamydia infection among women and a large proportion of undiagnosed infections. A decrease in age-specific cumulative incidence following national implementation of opportunistic chlamydia screening has not yet been demonstrated. We propose these assays be used to assess impact of chlamydia control programmes.
Lipid regulation of BK channel function

This mini-review focuses on lipid modulation of BK (MaxiK, BKCa) current by a direct interaction between lipid and the BK subunits and/or their immediate lipid environment. Direct lipid-BK protein interactions have been proposed for fatty and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, phosphoinositides and cholesterol, evidence for such action being less clear for other lipids. BK α (slo1) subunits are sufficient to support current perturbation by fatty and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, glycerophospholipids and cholesterol, while distinct BK β subunits seem necessary for current modulation by most steroids. Subunit domains or amino acids that participate in lipid action have been identified in a few cases: hslo1 Y318, cerebral artery smooth muscle (cbv1) R334,K335,K336, cbv1 seven cytosolic CRAC domains, slo1 STREX and β1 T169,L172,L173 for docosahexaenoic acid, PIP2, cholesterol, sulfatides, and cholane steroids, respectively. Whether these protein motifs directly bind lipids or rather transmit the energy of lipid binding to other areas and trigger protein conformation change remains unresolved. The impact of direct lipid-BK interaction on physiology is briefly discussed.
Enhanced recovery program for hip and knee replacement reduces death rate

Background and purpose Multimodal techniques can aid early rehabilitation and discharge of patients following primary joint replacement. We hypothesized that this not only reduces the economic burden of joint replacement by reducing length of stay, but also helps in reduction of early complications. Patients and methods We evaluated 4,500 consecutive unselected total hip replacements and total knee replacements regarding length of hospital stay, mortality, and perioperative complications. The first 3,000 underwent a traditional protocol while the other 1,500 underwent an enhanced recovery protocol involving behavioral, pharmacological, and procedural modifications. Results There was a reduction in 30-day death rate (0.5% to 0.1%, p = 0.02) and 90-day death rate (0.8% to 0.2%, p = 0.01). The median length of stay decreased from 6 days to 3 days (p < 0.001), resulting in a saving of 5,418 bed days. Requirement for blood transfusion was reduced (23% to 9.8%, p < 0.001). There was a trend of a reduced rate of 30-day myocardial infarction (0.8% to 0.5%. p = 0 .2) and stroke (0.5% to 0.2%, p = 0.2). The 60-day deep vein thrombosis figures (0.8% to 0.6%, p = 0.5) and pulmonary embolism figures (1.2% to 1.1%, p = 0.9) were similar. Re-admission rate remained unchanged during the period of the study (4.7% to 4.8%, p = 0.8). Interpretation This large observational study of unselected consecutive hip and knee arthroplasty patients shows a substantial reduction in death rate, reduced length of stay, and reduced transfusion requirements after the introduction of a multimodal enhanced recovery protocol.
Nash Game-Based Distributed Control Design for Balancing Traffic Density Over Freeway Networks

In this paper, we study the problem of optimal balancing of vehicle density in freeway traffic. The optimization is performed in a distributed manner by utilizing the controllability properties of the freeway network represented by the Cell Transmission Model. By using these properties, we identify the subsystems to be controlled by local ramp meters. The optimization problem is then formulated as a noncooperative Nash game that is solved by decomposing it into a set of two-players hierarchical and competitive games. The process of optimization employs the communication channels matching the switching structure of system interconnectivity. By defining the internal model for the boundary flows, local optimal control problems are efficiently solved by utilizing the method of linear quadratic regulator. The developed control strategy is tested via numerical simulations in two scenarios for uniformly congested and transient traffic.
Energy and Carbon Footprint-Aware Management of Geo-Distributed Cloud Data Centers: A Taxonomy, State of the Art, and Future Directions

Cloud computing provides on-demand access to computing resources for users across the world. It offers services on a pay-as-you-go model through data center sites that are scattered across diverse geographies. However, cloud data centers consume huge amount of electricity and leave high amount of carbon footprint in the ecosystem. This makes data centers responsible for 2% of the global CO2 emission. Therefore, having energy and carbon-efficient techniques for resource management in distributed cloud data centers is inevitable. This chapter presents a taxonomy and classifies the existing research works based on their target system, objective, and the technique they use for resource management in achieving a green cloud computing environment. Finally, it discusses how each work addresses the issue of energy and carbon-efficiency and also provides an insight into future directions.
Comparison between Combination Therapy of Oral Terbinafine and Cryotherapy versus Systemic Meglumine Antimoniate and Cryotherapy in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that may lead to a variety of manifestations. In Iran, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has a high prevalence. There are many treatment modalities for CL. The use of oral terbinafine in the treatment of CL has recently been considered. The aim of this study was to compare combination of oral terbinafine plus cryotherapy versus systemic meglumine antimoniate plus cryotherapy in CL. Methods: Patients with proven direct smear for CL were divided randomly in 2 groups of 40 cases. For the first group systemic glucantime prescribed (IM, 15 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. For the second group oral terbinafine as two folds of usual dose in the treatment of fungal diseases prescribed [125 mg/day for body weight (BW) <20 kg, 250 mg/day for BW 20–40 kg, 500 mg/day for BW>40 kg] for 4 weeks. Both groups received cryotherapy every 2 weeks for 4 weeks. The patients were followed monthly for 3 months after the treatment. Results: Partial (HR= 0.55, CI 95%= 0.3–1.1) and complete (HR= 0.53, CI 95%= 0.3–0.98) clinical improvement in terbinafine group was much slower than glucantime group, although at the end of treatment protocols no significant difference between groups were statistically observed (P=0.27). Conclusion: Considering more convenient suitable route of administration and approximately comparable results, it seems that terbinafine can be used as an alternative treatment, especially in the case of allergy or resistance to systemic glucantime.