Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. I. Signal recognition protein (SRP) binds to in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein

An 11S protein composed of six polypeptide chains was previously purified from a salt extract of dog pancreas microsomal membranes and shown to be required for translocation of nascent secretory protein across the microsomal membrane (Wistar and Blobel 1980 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77:7112-7116). This 11S protein, termed signal recognition protein (SRP), has been shown here (a) to inhibit translation in the wheat germ cell-free system selectively of mRNA for secretory protein (bovine preprolactin) but not of mRNA for cytoplasmic protein (alpha and beta chain of rabbit globin); (b) to bind with relatively low affinity (apparent KD less than 5 x 10(-5)) to monomeric wheat germ ribosomes; and (c) to bind selectively and with 6,000-fold higher affinity (apparent KD less than 8 x 10(-9)) to wheat germ ribosomes engaged in the synthesis of secretory protein but not to those engaged in the synthesis of cytoplasmic protein. Low- and high- affinity binding as well as the selective translation-inhibitory effect were abolished after modification of SRP by N-ethyl maleimide. High- affinity binding and the selective translation-inhibitory effect of SRP were largely abolished when the leucine (Leu) analogue beta-hydroxy leucine was incorporated into the nascent secretory polypeptide.
Human aspects of information security: An empirical study of intentional versus actual behavior

Purpose – A significant amount of empirical research has been conducted on the socio‐economic (sociological, psychological, economic) aspects of information security, such as the phenomenon of individuals who are willing to take security measures, but often do not. There is a growing body of research relating to individual behaviour and decision making and the purpose of this paper is to analyze a survey on the behaviour of individuals who implement information security measures.Design/methodology/approach – To promote effective information security measures, this paper refers to research on the psychology of persuasion from the field of social psychology. A survey was conducted into determinants for changing attitudes through persuasive messages, and the results were analysed. A questionnaire was used and the authors built a demonstrative experimental environment, which analysed in detail attitudinal changes in an individuals' behaviour.Findings – The authors found differences in behaviour regarding the .
Effects of Combined Elicitors on Tanshinone Metabolic Profiling and SmCPS Expression in Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Root Cultures

Tanshinones are abietane-type norditerpenoid quinone natural products found in a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The copalyl diphosphate synthase of S. miltiorrhiza (SmCPS) is the key enzyme in the first step for transformation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into miltiradiene, which has recently been identified as the precursor of tanshinones. Based on previous gene-to-metabolite network, this study examined the influences of various combined elicitors on the expression of SmCPS and production of tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures. Combined elicitors were composed of three classes of elicitors, a heavy metal ion (Ag+), a polysaccharide (yeast extract, YE), and a plant response-signalling compound (methyl jasmonate, MJ). YE + Ag+, Ag+ + MJ, YE + MJ, and YE + Ag+ + MJ were the combinations we tested. The effect of elicitors on the SmCPS expression level was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the tanshinones accumulation responses to elicitation were analysed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) metabolite profiling. Of these combined elicitors, the expression of SmCPS was significantly enhanced by elicitation, especially at 24 h and 36 h. Of four tanshinones detected, the contents of cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I were enhanced by treatment with YE + Ag+, Ag+ + MJ, and YE + Ag+ + MJ. Our results indicate that appropriate combined elicitors can enhance tanshinones production in hairy root cultures.
In Search of an Optimal Set of Images for Uncalibrated Photometric Stereo

In this paper, we draw on the ideas of previous work done by Drbohlav and Chantler [5], where a theoretical study on the optimal lighting configuration for photometric stereo was developed. They demonstrated that the known n light source azimuth angles should be equally spaced over 360/n degrees and the n light source elevation angles should be constant. In this paper, our aim is to develop a method to find a set of images that best satisfies this lighting configuration, assuming that light source directions are unknown. To this end, we estimate lighting coefficients using a harmonic spherical illumination model and a reference surface. Once the set of light source directions is estimated, we select those images that best satisfy the optimal lighting configuration. Experiments on face datasets show that the selected images are the most suitable for the purposes of calculation of height maps through surface integration.
Serological markers for treponemal infection in children in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: evidence of syphilis or non-venereal treponematoses?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of treponemal infection and possible risk factors among children aged 0-14 in the general population of a rural Tanzanian village. METHODS: The survey was conducted as a part of a cross section study of a total village population on HIV and sexually transmitted disease. Among 1708 registered children aged 0-14, the 553 first attending were tested for treponemal infection with both rapid plasma reagin test (RPR) and Treponema pallidum Haemagglutination test (TPHA). These children belonged to a household cohort--also including their parents, siblings, and other household members--with 1339 members; 1224 (91.4% participated in the survey and 82.1% of these were tested for treponemal infection. RESULTS: The overall prevalence for the TPHA test was 6.4% among girls and 1.1% among boys (odds ratio, OR = 6.5; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.9-22.3). The sex difference was most pronounced in the age group 10-14; 11.1% among girls versus 1.0% among boys (OR = 12.8; CI: 1.6-101.9). Among the 20 children who were TPHA positive, we found two cases of active, congenital syphilis. There was a lack of association between positive serology in children and positive serology in their parents. CONCLUSION: The highly significant predominance of girls testing positive for TPHA, and the concomitant lack of association between parents' and children's serostatus might point to sexual transmission as being the most common route of transmission of treponemal infection in girls during childhood in this village. The sources of infection for the seropositive girls are possibly found outside the family.
Severe Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Programmed Necrosis of Hippocampal CA1 Neurons in Rat Is Prevented by 3-Methyladenine: A Widely Used Inhibitor of Autophagy

The true programmed mechanisms of delayed neuronal death induced by global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remain incompletely characterized. Autophagic cell death and programmed necrosis are 2 kinds of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis. Here, we studied the death mechanisms of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 neuronal death after a 20-minute severe global ischemia/reperfusion injury in young adult rats and the effects of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a widely used inhibitor of autophagy. The morphological changes detected by electron microscopy, together with the activation of autophagy, transferase-mediated UTP nick end-labeling-positive neurons, and delayed death, demonstrated that cornu ammonis 1 neuronal death induced in this paradigm was programmed necrosis. No significant activation of caspase-3 after injury was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Treatment with 3-MA provided time-dependent protection against cornu ammonis 1 neuronal death at 7 days of reperfusion when it was administered before ischemia; administration 60 minutes after reperfusion was not beneficial. The redistribution of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B after injury was inhibited by 3-MA administered before ischemia, suggesting that this might be another important mechanism for the protective effect of 3-MA in ischemic neuronal injury.
Distributed Compressive Wideband Spectrum Sensing in Cooperative Multi-Hop Cognitive Networks

This paper develops a distributed compressed spectrum sensing approach for cooperative wideband multi-hop cognitive radio (CR) networks where both primary users and CR users are active during the sensing stage. Due to the multi-hop nature, each CR needs to sense its individual spectral map that consists of both common spectral components from primary users and individualized spectral innovations arising from emissions of other CRs or interference in its local one-hop region. These CR-dependent spectral innovation components complicate the task of user cooperation for primary user detection. To cope with these difficulties, we adopt the compressed sensing approach at local CRs to attain high-resolution signal recovery at lower-than-Nyquist sampling rates. Each CR alternatively estimates the spectral occupancy of primary and CR users, and exchanges proper information with neighboring CRs to reach global fusion and consensus on the estimated primary user spectrum. The spectral orthogonality between primary users and CR users is exploited to improve the spectral estimation accuracy. Using only one-hop local communications, the proposed distributed algorithm converges fast to the globally optimal solution at low communication and computation load scalable to the network size.
Algorithms for a Core and k-Tree Core of a Tree

Abstract We first give a one-pass algorithm for finding the core of a tree. This algorithm is a refinement of the two-pass algorithm of Morgan and Slater. We then define a generalization of a core which we call a k -tree core. Given a tree T and parameter k , a k -tree core is a subtree T ′ of T containing exactly k leaves that minimizes d ( T ′) = ∑ v ∈ V ( T ) d ( v , T ′), where d ( v , T ′) is the distance from vertex v to subtree T ′. We then give two algorithms to find a k -tree core of a tree with n vertices. The complexities of these algorithms are O ( kn ) and O ( n lg n ), respectively. This work is motivated by a resource allocation problem dealing with a partially replicated distributed database defined on a tree network. This problem is briefly described in the last section of the paper.
Treatment of neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma using RGD-modified liposomal formulations of patupilone (EPO906)

Background Patupilone (EPO906) is a microtubule stabilizer with a potent antitumor effect. Integrin αVβ3-binding (RGD) liposomes were loaded with EPO906, and their antitumor efficacy was evaluated in two pediatric tumor models, ie, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Methods Integrin αVβ3 gene expression, RGD-liposome cellular association, and the effect of EPO906 and liposomal formulations of EPO906 on cell viability were assessed in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), in the RH-30 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, and in the Kelly neuroblastoma cell line. In vivo, mice bearing neuroblastoma or rhabdomyosarcoma tumors were treated with EPO906, EPO906-liposomes, or EPO906-RGD-liposomes. Tumor growth, cumulative survival, and toxicity were monitored. Results Integrin αVβ3 was highly expressed in HUVEC and RH-30, but not in Kelly cells. Accordingly, RGD-liposomes were highly associated with HUVEC and RH-30 cells in vitro, but not with the Kelly cells. EPO906 and its liposomal formulations inhibited HUVEC, RH-30, and Kelly cell viability to the same extent. In vivo, EPO906 1.5 mg/kg and liposomal EPO906 potently inhibited tumor growth in both xenograft models without triggering major toxicity. At this dose, liposomal EPO906 did not enhance the antitumor effect of EPO906 in neuroblastoma, but tended to have an increased antitumor effect in rhabdomyosarcoma. Using a lower dose of EPO906-RGD-liposomes significantly enhanced cumulative survival in rhabdomyosarcoma compared with EPO906 alone. Conclusion EPO906 shows a strong antitumor effect in neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, without triggering major side effects. Its liposomal encapsulation does not alter its activity, and enhances cumulative survival when EPO906-RGD-liposomes are used at low dose in rhabdomyosarcoma.
Fifty years later: a neurodynamic explanation of Fitts' law

An intrinsic property of human motor behaviour is a trade-off between speed and accuracy. This is classically described by Fitts' law, a model derived by assuming the human body has a limited capacity to transmit information in organizing motor behaviour. Here, we propose an alternative foundation, based on the neurodynamics of the motor circuit, wherein Fitts' law is an approximation to a more general relationship. In this formulation, widely observed inconsistencies with experimental data are a consequence of psychomotor delay. The methodology developed additionally provides a method to estimate the delay within the motor circuit from the speed-accuracy trade-off alone.
Cryolipolysis for Fat Reduction and Body Contouring: Safety and Efficacy of Current Treatment Paradigms

Background: Cryolipolysis is a nonsurgical technique for localized fat reduction. With the increased risk of complications from more invasive methods such as liposuction, cryolipolysis presents a promising method for nonsurgical body contouring. This study presents a systematic review of the available clinical data, with an emphasis on the efficacy, methods, safety, and complications of cryolipolysis. Methods: To identify clinical studies that assessed outcomes of cryolipolysis, a systematic review of the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases was performed with the search algorithm cryolipolysis OR cool sculpting OR fat freezing OR lipocryolysis. Results: The primary literature search returned 319 articles. After inclusion criteria were applied and additional articles were idenfied via manual review of article references, 19 studies were selected for review. Average reduction in caliper measurement ranged from 14.67 percent to 28.5 percent. Average reduction by ultrasound ranged from 10.3 percent to 25.5 percent. No significant impact on lipid levels or liver function tests after cryolipolysis treatments was noted in any study. Only mild, short-term side effects, such as erythema, swelling, and pain, were noted. Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia was described in one patient. Conclusions: Cryolipolysis is a promising procedure for nonsurgical fat reduction and body contouring and presents a compelling alternative to liposuction and other, more invasive methods. This procedure appears to be safe in the short term, with a limited side effect profile, and results in significant fat reduction when used for localized adiposities. It remains unclear whether posttreatment manual massage and multiple treatments in the same anatomic area enhance the efficacy of cryolipolysis.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair with and without Concomitant Burch Colposuspension in Incontinent Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial with at Least 5-Year Followup

The aim of this study was to reevaluate and update the followup of a previously published randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the impact of Burch Colposuspension (BC), as an anti-incontinence procedure, in patients with UI and POP, who underwent POP repair. Forty-seven women were randomly assigned to abdominal POP repair and concomitant BC (24 patients; group A) or POP repair alone without any anti-incontinence procedure (23 patients; group B). Median followup was 82 months (range 60–107); from over 47 patients, 30 reached 6-year followup. Two patients were lost at followup. In group A, 2 patients showed a stage I rectocele. In group B, 2 patients had a stage I rectocele and 1 a stage II rectocele. In group A, 13/23 (56.5%) were still incontinent after surgery compared with 9/22 patients (40.9%) in group B (P = 0.298). No significant changes were observed between the first and the current followup. The update of long-term followup confirmed that BC did not improve outcome significantly in incontinent women when they undergo POP repair.
A low-power readout circuit design for capacitive microsensors

A new readout circuit for capacitive microsensors is presented. The circuit produces a pulse-width proportional to the amount of capacitance change. It consist of two main block including capacitive-to-voltage converter block which is based on a switched-capacitor circuit, which leads to reduction in chip area and its power consumption, and a voltage-to-pulse-width converter, which leads to improving its robustness against interference. Moreover, another advantage of this interface circuit compared to the existing solutions is its ratiometric sensing configuration and its adjustable noise performance. Experimental results were obtained by pairing the topology realized in a CMOS 0. 35μm technology with a MEMS variable capacitive sensor developed in our lab where a pulse-width signal is produced proportionally to the displacement of the MEMS sensor.
The X-ray luminosity function of AGN at z∼ 3

We combine Lyman-break colour selection with ultradeep (200 ks) Chandra X-ray imaging over a survey area of ∼0.35 deg 2 to select high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGN). Applying careful corrections for both the optical and X-ray selection functions, the data allow us to make the most accurate determination to date of the faint end of the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) at z ∼ 3. Our methodology recovers a number density of X-ray sources at this redshift which is at least as high as previous surveys, demonstrating that it is an effective way of selecting high z AGN. Comparing to results at z = 1, we find no evidence that the faint slope of the XLF flattens at high z, but we do find significant (factor ∼3.6) negative evolution of the space density of low luminosity AGN. Combining with bright end data from very wide surveys we also see marginal evidence for continued positive evolution of the characteristic break luminosity L∗. Our data therefore support models of luminosity-dependent density evolution between z = 1 and z = 3. A sharp upturn in the the XLF is seen at the very lowest luminosities (LX 10 42.5 erg s −1 ),
Isolation and characterization of genes encoding two chitinase enzymes from Serratia marcescens

Analysis of clones isolated from a cosmid DNA library indicates that the Serratia marcescens chromosome contains at least two genes, chiA and chiB, which encode distinct secreted forms of the enzyme chitinase. These genes have been characterized by inspection of chitinase activity and secreted proteins in Escherichia coli strains containing subclones of these cosmids. The two chitinase genes show no detectable homology to each other. DNA sequence analysis of one of the genes predicts an amino acid sequence with an N‐terminal signal peptide typical of genes encoding secreted bacterial proteins. This gene was mutagenized by cloning a neomycin phosphotransferase gene within its coding region, and the insertion mutation was recombined into the parental S. marcescens strain. The resulting chiA mutant transconjugant showed reduced chitinase production, reduced inhibition of fungal spore germination and reduced biological control of a fungal plant pathogen.
Visual Comfort for Stereoscopic 3D by Using Motion Sensors on 3D Mobile Devices

Advanced 3D mobile devices attract a lot of attentions for 3D visualization nowadays. Stereoscopic images and video taken from the 3D mobile devices are uncomfortable for 3D viewing experiences due to the limited hardware for stereoscopic 3D stabilization. The existing stereoscopic 3D stabilization methods are computationally inefficient for the 3D mobile devices. In this article, we point out that this critical issue deteriorates the 3D viewing experiences on the 3D mobile devices. To improve visual comfort, we propose an efficient and effective algorithm to stabilize the stereoscopic images and video for the 3D mobile devices. To rectify the video jitter, we use the gyroscope and accelerometer embedded on the mobile devices to obtain the geometry information of the cameras. Using a different method than video-content-based motion estimation, our algorithm based on the gyroscope and acceleration data can achieve higher accuracy to effectively stabilize the video. Therefore, our approach is robust in video stabilization even under poor lighting and substantial foreground motion. Our algorithm outperforms previous approaches in not only smaller running time but also the better comfort of the stereoscopic 3D visualization for the 3D mobile devices.
LiT MAC: addressing the challenges of effective voice communication in a low cost, low power wireless mesh network

In this work, we consider the goal of enabling a local voice communication system, within a village, using a low cost and low power wireless mesh network. The design of an appropriate MAC is a major challenge in this context. Towards this goal, we present LiT: a full-fledged TDMA-based MAC protocol for real-time applications over such networks. We showcase the practicality of such a system through implementation-based evaluation of LiT on an inexpensive, low power 802.15. 4 platform. While there is plentiful literature on the use of TDMA for wireless mesh networks, a practical multi-hop TDMA system remains elusive. In this regard, LiT addresses several practical concerns. It has built-in support for time-synchronization, has a flexible interface with routing, and has a dynamic TDMA schedule dissemination mechanism. LiT is multi-channel capable and is centrally controlled. It achieves robustness in the face of wireless packet errors by making extensive use of soft-state mechanisms. With appropriate duty cycling, LiT can make nodes run for several weeks without power off the grid. Evaluation of LiT on outdoor testbed shows quick flow setup (latency < 1s), low packet delay (< 240ms) and negligible data path jitter (median 0ms), essential for real-time applications.
Adaptive fuzzy sliding control of single-phase PV grid-connected inverter

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is proposed to control a two-stage single-phase photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected inverter. Two key technologies are discussed in the presented PV system. An incremental conductance(INC) method with an adaptive step size is adopted to track the maximum power point (MPP) by controlling the duty cycle of the controllable power switch in the boost DC-DC converter. An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller with an integral sliding surface is developed in the grid-connected inverter, a fuzzy system is used to approach the upper bound of the system nonlinearities. Simulation results for a PV grid-connected system demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Spatial Scan Statistic for Survival Data

Summary Spatial scan statistics with Bernoulli and Poisson models are commonly used for geographical disease surveillance and cluster detection. These models, suitable for count data, were not designed for data with continuous outcomes. We propose a spatial scan statistic based on an exponential model to handle either uncensored or censored continuous survival data. The power and sensitivity of the developed model are investigated through intensive simulations. The method performs well for different survival distribution functions including the exponential, gamma, and log‐normal distributions. We also present a method to adjust the analysis for covariates. The cluster detection method is illustrated using survival data for men diagnosed with prostate cancer in Connecticut from 1984 to 1995.