Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of Heavy-Water Stable Isotope Probing for the Characterization of Rapidly Responding Soil Bacteria

ABSTRACT Rapid responses of bacteria to sudden changes in their environment can have important implications for the structure and function of microbial communities. In this study, we used heavy-water stable isotope probing (H2 18O-SIP) to identify bacteria that respond to soil rewetting. First, we conducted experiments to address uncertainties regarding the H2 18O-SIP method. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), we determined that oxygen from H2 18O was incorporated into all structural components of DNA. Although this incorporation was uneven, we could effectively separate 18O-labeled and unlabeled DNAs derived from laboratory cultures and environmental samples that were incubated with H2 18O. We found no evidence for ex vivo exchange of oxygen atoms between DNA and extracellular H2O, suggesting that 18O incorporation into DNA is relatively stable. Furthermore, the rate of 18O incorporation into bacterial DNA was high (within 48 to 72 h), coinciding with pulses of CO2 generated from soil rewetting. Second, we examined shifts in the bacterial composition of grassland soils following rewetting, using H2 18O-SIP and bar-coded pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. For some groups of soil bacteria, we observed coherent responses at a relatively course taxonomic resolution. Following rewetting, the relative recovery of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria increased, while the relative recovery of Chloroflexi and Deltaproteobacteria decreased. Together, our results suggest that H2 18O-SIP is effective at identifying metabolically active bacteria that influence soil carbon dynamics. Our results contribute to the ecological classification of soil bacteria while providing insight into some of the functional traits that influence the structure and function of microbial communities under dynamic soil moisture regimes.
The Choice of a Damping Function for Propagating Importance in Link-Based Ranking

This paper studies a family of link-based algorithms that propagate page importance through links. In these algorithms there is a damping function that decreases with the distance, so a direct link implies more endorsement than a link through a long path. PageRank is the most widely known ranking function of this family. We focus on three damping functions, having linear, exponential, and hyperbolic decay on the lengths of the paths. The exponential decay corresponds to PageRank, and the other functions are new. Our analysis includes a comparison among them and experiments for studying their behavior under different parameters.
An Orthogonal Evolutionary Algorithm With Learning Automata for Multiobjective Optimization

Research on multiobjective optimization problems becomes one of the hottest topics of intelligent computation. In order to improve the search efficiency of an evolutionary algorithm and maintain the diversity of solutions, in this paper, the learning automata (LA) is first used for quantization orthogonal crossover (QOX), and a new fitness function based on decomposition is proposed to achieve these two purposes. Based on these, an orthogonal evolutionary algorithm with LA for complex multiobjective optimization problems with continuous variables is proposed. The experimental results show that in continuous states, the proposed algorithm is able to achieve accurate Pareto-optimal sets and wide Pareto-optimal fronts efficiently. Moreover, the comparison with the several existing well-known algorithms: nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II, decomposition-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, decomposition-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm with an ensemble of neighborhood sizes, multiobjective optimization by LA, and multiobjective immune algorithm with nondominated neighbor-based selection, on 15 multiobjective benchmark problems, shows that the proposed algorithm is able to find more accurate and evenly distributed Pareto-optimal fronts than the compared ones.
ISOLATION OF NEURONAL NUCLEI FROM RAT BRAIN CORTEX

neurons and glial cells both contributing to the nuclear population . The best schemes so far proposed to fractionate brain nuclei according to cellular origin yield a number of nuclear preparations, one of which is enriched in neuronal elements but nevertheless suffers from 20 to 30% glial even less reliable . To overcome these problems we have resorted to a two stage procedure which consists of isolating easily identifiable neurons from rat brain cortex followed by gentle disruption of the cellular preparation and purification of the released nuclei . Nuclei isolated by this method can
Energy-aware design techniques for differential power analysis protection

Differential power analysis is a very effective cryptanalysis technique that extracts information on secret keys by monitoring instantaneous power consumption of cryptoprocessors. To protect against differential power analysis, power supply noise is added in cryptographic computations, at the price of an increase in power consumption. We present a technique, based on well-known power-reducing transformations coupled with randomized clock gating, that introduces a significant amount of scrambling in the power profile without increasing (and, in some cases, by even reducing) circuit power consumption.
Retarded Axonal Transport of R406W Mutant Tau in Transgenic Mice with a Neurodegenerative Tauopathy

Intracellular accumulations of filamentous tau inclusions are neuropathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. The discovery of multiple pathogenic tau gene mutations in many kindreds with familial frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) unequivocally confirmed the central role of tau abnormalities in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. To examine the effects of tau gene mutations and the role of tau abnormalities in neurodegenerative tauopathies, transgenic (Tg) mice were engineered to express the longest human tau isoform (T40) with or without the R406W mutation (RW and hWT Tg mice, respectively) that is pathogenic for FTDP-17 in several kindreds. RW but not hWT tau Tg mice developed an age-dependent accumulation of insoluble filamentous tau aggregates in neuronal perikarya of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Significantly, CNS axons in RW mice contained reduced levels of tau when compared with hWT mice, and this was linked to retarded axonal transport and increased accumulation of an insoluble pool of RW but not hWT tau. Furthermore, RW but not hWT mice demonstrated neurodegeneration and a reduced lifespan. These data indicate that the R406W mutation causes reduced binding of this mutant tau to microtubules, resulting in slower axonal transport. This altered tau function caused by the RW mutation leads to increased accumulation and reduced solubility of RW tau in an age-dependent manner, culminating in the formation of filamentous intraneuronal tau aggregates similar to that observed in tauopathy patients.
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Monkeys

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) of four anesthetized adult Macaca fascicularis monkeys was stimulated by applying current with blunt electrodes placed unilaterally and bilaterally on the intact neck skin along the tracheoesophageal groove. The stimulus consisted of 2.5- to 4.0-mA cathodal pulses, each of 1-ms duration, beginning at a frequency of 10 Hz and increasing by 10-Hz increments to 100 Hz. Unilateral stimulation from 10 to 30 Hz resulted in a graded vocal cord abduction, with the maximal glottic aperture occurring at 30 Hz. Stimulation above 30 Hz produced a graded cord adduction, with nearly complete glottic closure at 100 Hz; bilateral stimulation yielded similar results, with total glottic closure at 100 Hz. Confirmation of the RLN as mediator of this frequency-dependent cord motion was achieved by surgically isolating it and attaining identical results with direct stimulation. No cardiopulmonary alterations were observed in any trial. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the RLN seems to be a relatively safe, reliable, and noninvasive method of controlling vocal cord position and thereby the glottic airway in monkeys.
Distributed rewiring model for complex networking: The effect of local rewiring rules on final structural properties

The study of complex networks has become an important subject over the last decades. It has been shown that these structures have special features, such as their diameter, or their average path length, which in turn are the explanation of some functional properties in a system such as its fault tolerance, its fragility before attacks, or the ability to support routing procedures. In the present work, we study some of the forces that help a network to evolve to the point where structural properties are settled. Although our work is mainly focused on the possibility of applying our ideas to Information and Communication Technologies systems, we consider that our results may contribute to understanding different scenarios where complex networks have become an important modeling tool. Using a discrete event simulator, we get each node to discover the shortcuts that may connect it with regions away from its local environment. Based on this partial knowledge, each node can rewire some of its links, which allows modifying the topology of the entire underlying graph to achieve new structural properties. We proposed a distributed rewiring model that creates networks with features similar to those found in complex networks. Although each node acts in a distributed way and seeking to reduce only the trajectories of its packets, we observed a decrease of diameter and an increase in clustering coefficient in the global structure compared to the initial graph. Furthermore, we can find different final structures depending on slight changes in the local rewiring rules.
NaPi‐IIa and interacting partners

Regulation of renal proximal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (Pi) is one of the critical steps in Pi homeostasis. Experimental evidence suggests that this regulation is achieved mainly by controlling the apical expression of the Na+‐dependent Pi cotransporter type IIa (NaPi‐IIa) in proximal tubules. Only recently have we started to obtain information regarding the molecular mechanisms that control the apical expression of NaPi‐IIa. The first critical observation was the finding that truncation of only its last three amino acid residues has a strong effect on apical expression. A second major finding was the observation that the last intracellular loop of NaPi‐IIa contains sequence information that confers parathyroid hormone (PTH) sensitivity. The use of the above domains of the cotransporter in yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) screening allowed the identification of proteins interacting with NaPi‐IIa. Biochemical and morphological, as well as functional, analyses have allowed us to obtain insights into the physiological roles of such interactions, although our present knowledge is still far from complete.
Crowdsensing Air Quality with Camera-Enabled Mobile Devices

Crowdsensing of air quality is a useful way to improve public awareness and supplement local air quality monitoring data. However, current air quality monitoring approaches are either too sophisticated, costly or bulky to be used effectively by the mass. In this paper, we describe AirTick, a mobile app that can turn any camera enabled smart mobile device into an air quality sensor, thereby enabling crowdsensing of air quality. AirTick leverages image analytics and deep learning techniques to produce accurate estimates of air quality following the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI). We report the results of an initial experimental and empirical evaluations of AirTick. The AirTick tool has been shown to achieve, on average, 87% accuracy in day time operation and 75% accuracy in night time operation. Feedbacks from 100 test users indicate that they perceive AirTick to be highly useful and easy to use. Our results provide a strong positive case for the benefits of applying artificial intelligence techniques for convenient and scalable crowdsensing of air quality.
Curved Walking Rehabilitation with a Rotating Treadmill in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Proof of Concept

Training subjects to step-in-place eyes open on a rotating platform while maintaining a fixed body orientation in space [podokinetic stimulation (PKS)] produces a posteffect consisting in inadvertent turning around while stepping-in-place eyes closed [podokinetic after-rotation (PKAR)]. Since the rationale for rehabilitation of curved walking in Parkinson’s disease is not fully known, we tested the hypothesis that repeated PKS favors the production of curved walking in these patients, who are uneasy with turning, even when straight walking is little affected. Fifteen patients participated in 10 training sessions distributed in 3 weeks. Both counterclockwise and clockwise PKS were randomly administered in each session. PKS velocity and duration were gradually increased over sessions. The velocity and duration of the following PKAR were assessed. All patients showed PKAR, which increased progressively in peak velocity and duration. In addition, before and at the end of the treatment, all patients walked overground along linear and circular trajectories. Post-training, the velocity of walking bouts increased, more so for the circular than the linear trajectory. Cadence was not affected. This study has shown that parkinsonian patients learn to produce turning while stepping when faced with appropriate training and that this capacity translates into improved overground curved walking.
Design of Humidity Sensors Based on Tapered Optical Fibers

In this paper, the response of a tapered optical fiber humidity sensor is optimized, attending to the thickness of the sensitive coating, the dimensions of the taper, the light source, and the utilization of sensitive materials with different refractive indexes. The main novelty of this study is that the thickness of the sensitive layer is on the order of magnitude of the light wavelength used to excite the sensor. It is shown here that an estimation of the sensor sensitivity can be deducted from the transmitted optical power curve obtained during the layer-by-layer construction process. Theoretical and experimental results are presented
Application of Data Mining Using Artificial Neural Network: Survey

The use of neural network is very wide in data mining due to some characteristic like parallel performance, Self-organizing adaptive, robustness and fault tolerance. Data mining models depend on task they accomplish: Association Rules, Clustering, Prediction, and Classification. Neural network is used to find pattern in data. The grouping of neural network model and data mining method can greatly increase the efficiency of data mining methods and it has been broadly used. Different algorithms have been discussed for optimizing the artificial neural network (ANN). ANN combines with other algorithms to find out the high accurate data as compare to traditional algorithm. The role of ANN using data mining techniques is playing an important role in forecasting or prediction about games and weather. This produces high accurate predictions than that of traditional algorithm. Data mining approaches using ANN can also work well. ANN is a highly class algorithm which can be accelerated using neuron. The result of which will produce a high speed up ANN. ANN can also be used for the purpose of extracting rules from trained neural networks.
DNA Ligases I and III Cooperate in Alternative Non-Homologous End-Joining in Vertebrates

Biochemical and genetic studies suggest that vertebrates remove double-strand breaks (DSBs) from their genomes predominantly by two non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. While canonical NHEJ depends on the well characterized activities of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and LIG4/XRCC4/XLF complexes, the activities and the mechanisms of the alternative, backup NHEJ are less well characterized. Notably, the contribution of LIG1 to alternative NHEJ remains conjectural and although biochemical, cytogenetic and genetic experiments implicate LIG3, this contribution has not been formally demonstrated. Here, we take advantage of the powerful genetics of the DT40 chicken B-cell system to delineate the roles of LIG1 and LIG3 in alternative NHEJ. Our results expand the functions of LIG1 to alternative NHEJ and demonstrate a remarkable ability for LIG3 to backup DSB repair by NHEJ in addition to its essential function in the mitochondria. Together with results on DNA replication, these observations uncover a remarkable and previously unappreciated functional flexibility and interchangeability between LIG1 and LIG3.
Detection of Protein Subcellular Localization Based on a Full Syntactic Parser and Semantic Information

A proteinpsilas subcellular localization is considered an essential part of the description of its associated biomolecular phenomena. As the volume of biomolecular reports has increased, there has been a great deal of research on text mining to detect protein subcellular localization information in documents. It has been argued that linguistic information, especially syntactic information, is useful for identifying the subcellular localizations of proteins of interest. However, previous systems for detecting protein subcellular localization information used only shallow syntactic parsers, and showed poor performance. Thus, there remains a need to use a full syntactic parser and to apply deep linguistic knowledge to the analysis of text for protein subcellular localization information. In addition, we have attempted to use semantic information from the WordNet thesaurus. To improve performance in detecting protein subcellular localization information, this paper proposes a three-step method based on a full syntactic dependency parser and semantic information. In the first step, we construct syntactic dependency paths from each protein to its location candidate. In the second step, we retrieve root information of the syntactic dependency paths. In the final step, we extract syn-semantic patterns of protein subtrees and location subtrees. From the root and subtree nodes, we extract syntactic category and syntactic direction as syntactic information, and synset offset of the WordNet thesaurus as semantic information. According to the root information and syn-semantic patterns of subtrees, we extract (protein, localization) pairs. Even with no biomolecular knowledge, our method shows reasonable performance in experimental results using Medline abstract data. In fact, our proposed method gave an F-measure of 74.53% for training data and 58.90% for test data, significantly outperforming previous methods, by 12-25%.
A reconstructed algorithm based on QPSO in compressed sensing

In compressed sensing (CS), the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is considered as a typical reconstructed algorithm. But, it needs a great amount of calculations to reconstruct the original signal. In order to reduce the OMP algorithm computational complexity, we proposed the improved reconstruction algorithm, which combines with quantum-behaved particle swarm (QPSO) algorithm and OMP algorithm to reconstructed image with low complexity and the better safety performance. The simulation results show that the QPSO&OMP algorithm has the better effect on reconstructed image when the value of M is taken smaller. And it has better stability and fast convergence ability for image processing.
Computing architectural vulnerability factors for address-based structures

Processor designers require estimates of the architectural vulnerability factor (AVF) of on-chip structures to make accurate soft error rate estimates. AVF is the fraction of faults from alpha particle and neutron strikes that result in user-visible errors. This paper shows how to use a performance model to calculate the AVF of address-based structures, using a data cache, a data translation buffer, and a store buffer as examples. We describe how to perform a detailed breakdown of lifetime components (e.g., fill-to-read, read-to-evict) of bits in these structures into ACE (required for architecturally correct execution), un-ACE (unnecessary for ACE), and unknown components. This lifetime analysis produces best estimate AVFs for these three structures' data arrays of 6%, 36%, and 4%, respectively. We then present a new technique, hamming-distance-one analysis, and show that it predicts surprisingly low best estimate AVFs of 0.41%, 3%, and 7.7% for the structures' tag arrays. Finally, using our lifetime analysis framework, we show how two AVF reduction techniques - periodic flushing and incremental scrubbing - can reduce the AVF by converting ACE lifetime components into un-ACE without affecting performance significantly.
Effects of norepinephrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors on hyperactivity induced by neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning in rats.

Consistent with their clinical effects in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine reduce motor hyperactivity in juvenile male rats with neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the forebrain dopamine (DA) system. Since stimulants act on several aminergic neurotransmission systems, we investigated underlying mechanisms involved by comparing behavioral actions of d-methylphenidate, selective inhibitors of the neuronal transport of DA [GBR-12909 (1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-[3-phenylpropyl]piperazine dihydrochloride), amfonelic acid], serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), citalopram, fluvoxamine], and norepinephrine (NE; desipramine, nisoxetine) in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. Selective dopamine lesions were made using 6-OHDA (100 microg, intracisternal) on postnatal day (PD) 5 after desipramine pretreatment (25 mg/kg, s.c.) to protect noradrenergic neurons. Rats were given test agents or vehicle, intraperitoneally, before recording motor activity for 90 min at PD 25 in a novel environment. d-Methylphenidate stimulated motor activity in sham controls and antagonized hyperactivity in lesioned rats. Selective DA transport inhibitors GBR-12909 and amfonelic acid greatly stimulated motor activity in sham control subjects, too, but did not antagonize hyperactivity in lesioned rats. In contrast, all selective 5-HT and NE transporter antagonists tested greatly reduced motor hyperactivity in 6-OHDA lesioned rats but did not alter motor activity in sham controls. The findings indicate that behavioral effects of stimulants in young rats with neonatal 6-OHDA lesions may be mediated by release of NE or 5-HT and support interest in using drugs that increase activity of norepinephrine or serotonin to treat ADHD.
Exploring "Artist Image" Using Content-Based Analysis Of Promotional Photos

We are interested in automatically calculating music similarity based on the visual appearance of artists. By collecting a large set of promotional photographs featuring artists and using a state-of-the-art image annotation system, we show that we can successfully annotate artists with a large set of (genre) tags. This suggests that we can learn some notion of artist similarity based on visual appearance. Such a similarity measure provides us with a novel query-by-image retrieval paradigm for music discovery.
Treatment Manual for Anorexia Nervosa: A Family-Based Approach

Introduction and Background Information on Family. Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa. Family Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa. Initial Evaluation and Setting Up Treatment. Session 1: The First Face-to-Face Meeting. Session 1 in Action. Session 2: The Family Meal. Session 2 in Action. The Remainder of Phase I (Session 3-10). Session 8 in Action. Beginning Phase II: Helping the Adolescent Eat on on Her Own (Sessions 11-16). Phase II in Action. Starting Starting Phase III: Adolescent Issues (Sessions 17-20). Phase III in Action. Summary of a Completed Case.