Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Inhibition Relates to Impulsivity after Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Impulsive behaviors and poor inhibition performances are frequently described in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, few studies have examined impulsivity and associated inhibition impairments in these patients. Twenty-eight patients with moderate to severe TBI and 27 matched controls performed a stop-signal task designed to assess prepotent response inhibition (the ability to inhibit a dominant or automatic motor response) in a neutral or emotional context and a recent negative task to assess resistance to proactive interference (the ability to resist the intrusion into memory of information that was previously relevant but has since become irrelevant). Informants of each patient completed a short questionnaire designed to assess impulsivity. Patients showed a significant increase in current urgency, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance when retrospectively compared with the preinjury condition. Group comparisons revealed poorer prepotent response inhibition and resistance to proactive interference performances in patients with TBI. Finally, correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between urgency (the tendency to act rashly when distressed) and prepotent response inhibition in patients with TBI. This study sheds new light on the construct of impulsivity after a TBI, its related cognitive mechanisms, and its potential role in problematic behaviors described after a TBI. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)
Research of Attribute Value Rough Equality Based-on the Hopfield Neural Network and Rough Set Theory

The problem of Attribute Value Rough Equality (AVRE) is a fundamental problem in the fields of Text Classification and Information Retrieval. However,challenge still exists. In practical application, the processed attribute values are often data/information set based on semantics. This situation is very difficult to be handled by the traditional theories and methods.To address the challenge, this paper proposes the Hopfield Neural Network Architecture (AVRE-HNNA)to solve the problem of attribute value rough equality by combining the Rough Set Theory with the Classification Mechanism of Neural Network. The neural network model (HNNM), the energy function,and learning algorithm are also presented in AVREHNNA.The HNNM is illustrated, evaluated and analyzed through using a simulation instance. The analyses show that the proposed AVRE-HNNA performed better in robustness and stability, and had higher matching precision and field independency. The corresponding algorithms had lower complexity than the traditional methods. The proposed AVRE-HNNA can well solve AVRE problem.
Breaking the light speed barrier

As it is well known, classical special relativity allows the existence of three different kinds of particles: bradyons, luxons and tachyons. Bradyons have non-zero mass and hence always travel slower than light. Luxons are particles with zero mass, like the photon, and they always travel with invariant velocity. Tachyons are hypothetical superluminal particles that always move faster than light. The existence of bradyons and luxons is firmly established, while the tachyons were never reliably observed. In quantum field theory, the appearance of tachyonic degrees of freedom indicates vacuum instability rather than a real existence of the faster-than-light particles. However, recent controversial claims of the OPERA experiment about superluminal neutrinos triggered a renewed interest in superluminal particles. Driven by a striking analogy of the old Frenkel-Kontorova model of a dislocation dynamics to the theory of relativity, we conjecture in this note a remarkable possibility of existence of the forth type of particles, elvisebrions, which can be superluminal. The characteristic feature of elvisebrions, distinguishing them from tachyons, is that they are outside the realm of special relativity and their energy remains finite (or may even turn to zero) when the elvisebrion velocity approaches the light velocity.
Rad26, the Transcription-Coupled Repair Factor in Yeast, Is Required for Removal of Stalled RNA Polymerase-II following UV Irradiation

Transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TCR) is a major pathway responsible for removal of helix distorting DNA lesions from transcriptionally active regions of the genome. Rad26, a key factor of the TCR pathway, is known to play a role during early steps of TCR. Here, we show that Rad26-mediated TCR is not absolutely dependent on active transcription elongation in budding yeast. As per our results, RAD26-deleted cells show enhanced UV sensitivity compared to wild type cells under conditions where transcription elongation is inhibited. The increased UV sensitivity observed in RAD26-deleted cells, however, is not due to reduced expression of the major NER-responsive genes. Interestingly, transcription of the constitutively expressed RPB2 gene is adversely affected in RAD26-deleted cells during UV-induced DNA damage repair. In consonance, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that unlike in wild type, in RAD26-deleted cells no significant reduction in RNA polymerase II occupancy occurs during nucleotide excision repair in the transcriptionally active loci like, RPB2, PYK1 and RPL2B. These results collectively indicate that removal of RNAPII during DNA damage repair following UV irradiation is dependent on Rad26.
Medication Discrepancies at Pediatric Hospital Discharge.

BACKGROUND The pediatric hospital discharge process presents significant challenges, and medication discrepancies remain an unsolved problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the discrepancy rates at the time of discharge when multiple sources of medication documentation exist, and to characterize the medication discrepancies into error type, medication category, and discharge summary authorship. METHODS A prospective study was performed on pediatric patients admitted to a general inpatient floor for >24 hours. After discharge, medication lists were obtained from the patients' parent/guardian, discharge summary, and Patient Summary List, a medication list that is part of the electronic medical record. These 3 medication lists were then compared with the pharmacy record to identify discrepancies, defined as any difference in medication name, dose, route, or frequency. Medication discrepancies were analyzed in terms of error type (dosage or addition/omission), category of medication, and final signers of the discharge summary. RESULTS Sixty-nine patient charts were analyzed, and 8% of medications contained a documentation discrepancy between sources. Overall, 26% (18 of 69) of the charts contained ≥1 discrepant medication; the Patient Summary List had the highest rate of discrepancy at 29%. Allergy (27%) and seizure medications (25%) were the categories with the highest rates of discrepancy. Addition/omission errors were much more common than dosage errors. CONCLUSIONS Medication discrepancies exist in inpatient documentation at the time of pediatric hospital discharge when multiple sources of documentation exist.
Evaluation of the Influence of Methanol Leaf Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum on Some Immunologic Indices in Albino Rats

Immunomodulatory activity of methanol leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum was investigated in immune-suppressed wistar albino rats using immunologic/haematologic indices. The animals were divided into four equal groups. Group 1and 2 received 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight of methanol leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum respectively. Group 3, the negative control received only 2% pyrogallol while group 4 received only normal feed for 21days after which blood was drawn from ocular puncture for assays. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the total white blood cell count in group 2 compared to the negative control group. Also, there was a non-significant (p>0.05) increase, when compared to the negative control in the packed cell volume and haemoglobin levels. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in primary and secondary antibody titre of rats given both low and high doses of the extract compared to the negative control. Equally the delayed type hypersensitivity values showed no significant (p>0.05) difference in the test groups compared to the negative control. Therefore, the results of the study showed that immunomodulatory effect of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract is via stimulation of antibody production and enhanced inflammatory response.
Introducing System Theory Using "Ordinary People": a Resource for Educators

This manuscript offers instructors of counselling theory a teaching resource, based on a classic film, for the purpose of shifting their students’ conceptualizations of clinical cases from an individual focus to a family systems perspective. Within this project, the film Ordinary People (Paramount Pictures, & Redford, 1980) is introduced as a strategy to guide instructors in helping students to identify and analyze how patterns of behaviour within a family maintain problems, and how, from a systemic view, those patterns may be altered to better serve each member. With this foundational knowledge of family systems theories, students have increased options for understanding their client’s issues, and creating appropriate treatment plans.
Étude de relations de mutation entre unités fonctionnelles d'un centre hospitalier par l'analyse structurale de réseaux

Objectif : Le travail propose une approche relationnelle des transferts intrahospitaliers en utilisant l’analyse structurale de reseau social. L’objectif de l’etude est d’approcher les differences de relations entre services selon les pathologies.Methodes : A partir de la base des groupes homogenes de malades (GHM) de l’annee 2006, une extraction des mutations entre unites fonctionnelles est realisee en indiquant les mutations entre services « emetteur » et « receveur » ainsi que le volume de chacune. Le logiciel specifique d’analyse de reseau social Pajek est utilise pour assurer le traitement graphique et le traitement quantitatif des caracteristiques des reseaux.Resultats : Au total, 3 159 mutations creent 207 relations entre 20 unites fonctionnelles. L’analyse des relations concernant les GHM de l’insuffisance cardiaque, de l’accident vasculaire cerebral et de l’infarctus du myocarde montre des differences importantes. Ces differences sont commentees.Conclusion : Ce type d’analyse peut eclairer la realite des pratiques de soins coordonnees entre unites intrahospitalieres. Il peut egalement s’appliquer a des echelles differentes, comme le montre la litterature, entre etablissements d’une meme region ou d’une nation.Prat Organ Soins. 2010;41(4):341-348
Acupuncture for chronic pain: individual patient data meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Although acupuncture is widely used for chronic pain, there remains considerable controversy as to its value. We aimed to determine the effect size of acupuncture for 4 chronic pain conditions: back and neck pain, osteoarthritis, chronic headache, and shoulder pain. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for chronic pain in which allocation concealment was determined unambiguously to be adequate. Individual patient data meta-analyses were conducted using data from 29 of 31 eligible RCTs, with a total of 17 922 patients analyzed. RESULTS In the primary analysis, including all eligible RCTs, acupuncture was superior to both sham and no-acupuncture control for each pain condition (P < .001 for all comparisons). After exclusion of an outlying set of RCTs that strongly favored acupuncture, the effect sizes were similar across pain conditions. Patients receiving acupuncture had less pain, with scores that were 0.23 (95% CI, 0.13-0.33), 0.16 (95% CI, 0.07-0.25), and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.07-0.24) SDs lower than sham controls for back and neck pain, osteoarthritis, and chronic headache, respectively; the effect sizes in comparison to no-acupuncture controls were 0.55 (95% CI, 0.51-0.58), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.50-0.64), and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.37-0.46) SDs. These results were robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses, including those related to publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture is effective for the treatment of chronic pain and is therefore a reasonable referral option. Significant differences between true and sham acupuncture indicate that acupuncture is more than a placebo. However, these differences are relatively modest, suggesting that factors in addition to the specific effects of needling are important contributors to the therapeutic effects of acupuncture.
Moral, Cognitive and Social: The Nature of Blame

Blame is a moral judgment that has a cognitive and a social nature. We first focus on the cognitive side and introduce a theoretical model of blame that integrates insights and evidence from extant research. Within this model, we demonstrate the critical role of such concepts as agent, intentionality, and obligation—all of which are grounded in people’s theory of mind. We then contrast two views on the ordering of blame and theory of mind based inferences: blame-late models, which claim that blame follows mental state inferences; and blame-early models, which claim that the opposite order holds. After integrating these two views within our model, we turn to two eminently social topics of moral judgment: blaming as a social act; and blaming of group agents. We suggest that our model of cognitive blame provides a fruitful framework for both of these topics, thus highlighting the intimate connection between blame as a cognitive phenomenon and blame as a social phenomenon. Humans blame, and perhaps only humans do. But what is blame? Blame is grounded in the capacity to have a “theory of mind” 1 —a system of concepts and processes that aid a human social perceiver in inferring mental states from behavior. To blame an agent people must know a set of behavior-guiding norms, observe an agent’s norm-violating behavior, and infer a manifold of mental states that underlie the behavior. Without a theory of mind, an organism may still be able to punish, but it would not be able to blame the way humans do. A second unique feature of blame is that it has not only a cognitive side (i.e., processes that lead up to a judgment of blame), but it also has an interpersonal side (i.e., observable acts of social blaming). The latter requires language,
Cognitive modeling analysis of decision-making processes in young adults at-risk and not at-risk for alcohol dependence

This study used the Valence-Expectancy Learning model, a mathematical cognitive model, to dissect young adult performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Drinking behavior and monetary incentive were examined as predictors of performance on the IGT. No differences were found among groups when data were analyzed using traditional behavioral analyses. However, when the Expectancy-Valence Learning model was applied to the data, differences between groups were found related to attention and choice consistency. Importantly, the cognitive model was not a good fit for fifty-seven percent of the data, meaning that it did not succeed in explaining how the participants’ choices were dependent on trial-by-trial feedback. This may indicate that many young adults in this study were not invested in the task.
Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator with Improved Lateral Mode Suppression

A film bulk acoustic resonator includes a substrate, a membrane, a piezoelectric layer and a pair of electrodes. The membrane is formed on the substrate to form an air gap. The piezoelectric layer is formed on the membrane. The electrodes are formed on both surfaces of the piezoelectric layer to partially overlap each other. All the sides of the piezoelectric layer and the electrodes are curved.
Characterizing eating patterns: a comparison of eating occasion definitions.

BACKGROUND To date, many approaches have been used to define eating occasions (EOs). A standard definition for EOs is required to facilitate further research. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the influence of differing definitions of EOs on the characterization of eating patterns. DESIGN Cross-sectional dietary data from two 24-h recalls collected during the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 5242 adults, aged ≥19 y) were analyzed. Eight definitions were applied: participant-identified, time-of-day, and 6 neutral definitions (individual EOs separated by different time intervals and/or an additional energy criterion of 210 kJ). Frequency of and total energy intake from meals, snacks, and all EOs were estimated, as appropriate. Differences were tested by using F tests, stratified by sex and age group. Agreement between different definitions of meal and snack frequencies was assessed by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). For each definition, linear regression was used to estimate the proportion of variance in total energy intake (kJ) and amount of food intake (g) predicted by frequency of EOs and meals and snacks. RESULTS Among both sexes and across all age groups, mean frequencies of meals differed between the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions (mean difference range = 0.1-0.3; P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between mean frequencies of EOs across the 6 neutral definitions (P < 0.001). There was good agreement for snacks (men: ICC = 0.89; women: ICC = 0.87) but not meal frequencies (men: ICC = 0.38; women: ICC = 0.36) between the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions. The neutral definition (15-min time interval plus energy criterion) best predicted variance in total energy intake (R(2) range = 19.3-27.8). CONCLUSIONS Different approaches to the definition of EOs affect how eating patterns are characterized, with the neutral definition best predicting variance in total energy intake. Further research that examines how different EO definitions affect associations with health outcomes is needed to develop consensus on a standard EO definition.
Multiple Paradigms and Organizational Analysis: A Case Study

The paper describes a new methodology for organizational analysis, multiple paradigm research. A case study is presented which uses the Burrell and Morgan (1979) model as the framework for producing four accounts of work behaviour in the British Fire Service. Details of these accounts — functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structuralist — are presented, and the findings compared. Some problems associated with the method are discussed.
SIW MMW band ridge horn antenna using bow-tie arrays

The proposed high performance, high gain, low cost antenna for telecommunication, networking, surveillance, etc. has been presented in this paper. Nevertheless, high speed wireless links need compact structure antennas with high directivity and low attenuation level. Therefore, there is a way to demonstrate these mentioned concepts by employing bowtie arrays and Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) feeding technique which has well-behaved gain and suitable -10 dB and VSWR<;2.5 bandwidth from 18 GHz to 40 GHz (roughly 16 GHz bandwidth). The simulated gain of antenna attains 11±1 dB over majority of the bandwidth with an occupied volume about 69×39×2.5mm3 and has average 85% radiation efficiency. The proposed antenna is an excellent choice for K, Ka bands and even higher frequency synthesis. The simulations have been done by a full-wave package, CST software that collaborated with Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD).
Investigating Vulnerable Atheroma Using Combined 18F-FDG PET/CT Angiography of Carotid Plaque with Immunohistochemical Validation

Inflammation and angiogenesis are hypothesized to be important factors contributing to plaque vulnerability, whereas calcification is suggested to confer stability. To investigate this in vivo, we combined CT angiography and PET and compared the findings with immunohistochemistry for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients (18 men, 3 women; mean age ± SD, 68.3 ± 7.3) undergoing carotid endarterectomy were recruited for combined carotid 18F-FDG PET/CT angiography. Plaque 18F-FDG uptake was quantified with maximum standardized uptake value, and CT angiography quantified percentage plaque composition (calcium and lipid). Surgical specimens underwent ex vivo CT aiding image registration, followed by immunohistochemical staining for CD68 (macrophage density) and vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenesis). Relationships between imaging and immunohistochemistry were assessed with Spearman rank correlation and multivariable regression. Results: The mean (±SD) surgically excised carotid plaque 18F-FDG metabolism was 2.4 (±0.5) versus 2.2 (±0.3) contralaterally (P = 0.027). There were positive correlations between plaque 18F-FDG metabolism and immunohistochemistry with CD68 (ρ = 0.55; P = 0.011) and vascular endothelial growth factor (ρ = 0.47; P = 0.031). There was an inverse relationship between plaque 18F-FDG metabolism and plaque percentage calcium composition on CT (ρ = −0.51; P = 0.018) and between calcium composition and immunohistochemistry with CD68 (ρ = −0.57; P = 0.007). Regression showed that maximum standardized uptake value and calcium composition were independently significant predictors of angiogenesis, and calcium composition was a predictor of macrophage density. Conclusion: We provide in vivo evidence that increased plaque metabolism is associated with increased biomarkers of angiogenesis and inflammation, whereas plaque calcification is inversely related to PET and histologic biomarkers of inflammation.
Poppy seed anaphylaxis.

A characteristic feature of type I allergies is the presence of allergen-speci ﬁ c immunoglobulin E (sIgE) [1,2]. Thus, the detection of sIgE, in addition to obtaining a clinical history and performing a skin prick test (SPT), is important for allergy workup. Historically, sIgE to various allergens was analyzed by radioallergosorbent test using allergen-coupled cellulose paper discs. Later on, the enzyme allergosorbent test and the reversed allergosorbent test were used for the detection of sIgE [3]. In recent years, rapid assays for the detection of sIgE as point-of-care diagnostics have been developed using various strategies [4]. The objective of this study was the technical evaluation of 2 rapid assays (ALFA Seasonal Screen [ALFA S] and ALFA Perennial Screen [ALFA P]) for the detection of sIgE to the most common inhalant allergens. Serum samples (n = 50) were tested by ALFA and sIgE was analyzed for all single allergens utilized in ALFA allergen screens by ALLERG-O-LIQ (Dr. Fooke Laboratorien GmbH, Neuss, Germany), a reverse-type, quantitative immunoassay (WHO 75/502 calibrated). The maximum kU
Graph Theory Applications in Network Security

Graph theory has become a very critical component in many applications in the computing field including networking and security. Unfortunately, it is also amongst the most complex topics to understand and apply. In this paper, we review some of the key applications of graph theory in network security. We first cover some algorithmic aspects, then present network coding and its relation to routing.