Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population genomics reveals demographic history and selection signatures of hazelnut (Corylus)

Abstract Hazelnut (Corylus spp.) is known as one of the four famous tree nuts in the world due to its pleasant taste and nutritional benefits. However, hazelnut promotion worldwide is increasingly challenged by global climate change, limiting its production to a few regions. Focusing on the eurytopic Section Phyllochlamys, we conducted whole-genome resequencing of 125 diverse accessions from five geo-ecological zones in Eurasia to elucidate the genomic basis of adaptation and improvement. Population structure inference outlined five distinct genetic lineages corresponding to climate conditions and breeding background, and highlighted the differentiation between European and Asian lineages. Demographic dynamics and ecological niche modeling revealed that Pleistocene climatic oscillations dominantly shaped the extant genetic patterns, and multiple environmental factors have contributed to the lineage divergence. Whole-genome scans identified 279, 111, and 164 selective sweeps that underlie local adaptation in Corylus heterophylla, Corylus kweichowensis, and Corylus yunnanensis, respectively. Relevant positively selected genes were mainly involved in regulating signaling pathways, growth and development, and stress resistance. The improvement signatures of hybrid hazelnut were concentrated in 312 and 316 selected genes, when compared to C. heterophylla and Corylus avellana, respectively, including those that regulate protein polymerization, photosynthesis, and response to water deprivation. Among these loci, 22 candidate genes were highly associated with the regulation of biological quality. Our study provides insights into evolutionary processes and the molecular basis of how sibling species adapt to contrasting environments, and offers valuable resources for future climate-resilient breeding.
Study of Lipophilicity and ADME Properties of 1,9-Diazaphenothiazines with Anticancer Action

Lipophilicity is one of the key properties of a potential drug that determines the solubility, the ability to penetrate through cell barriers, and transport to the molecular target. It affects pharmacokinetic processes such as adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME). The 10-substituted 1,9-diazaphenothiazines show promising if not impressive in vitro anticancer potential, which is associated with the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway connected with to induction BAX, forming a channel in MOMP and releasing cytochrome c for the activation of caspases 9 and 3. In this publication, the lipophilicity of previously obtained 1,9-diazaphenothiazines was determined theoretically using various computer programs and experimentally using reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC) and a standard curve. The study presents other physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties affecting the bioavailability of the test compounds. ADME analysis was determined in silico using the SwissADME server. Molecular targets studies were identified in silico using the SwissTargetPrediction server. Lipinski’s rule of five, Ghose’s, and Veber’s rules were checked for the tested compounds, confirming their bioavailability.
Fault Analysis of Coal Mills by Using Gray Correlation and D-S Combination Rules

Focusing on the problem of strong subjectivity in gray correlation analysis,originating from dimensionless-conversion of characteristic vectors and acquisition of gray correlationship,a gray correlation analysis method,based on Dempster-Shaefer(D-S) rules,is being proposed.By this method,dimensionlessconversion is avoided,since all gray correlation coefficients are being calculated in the same characteristic vector range.Hereafter the gray correlation coefficients are combined by D-S combination rules for direct determination of definite degrees of correlationship,wherewith the effect of subjectivity is markedly diminished.By this method the indeterminacy of relationship between fault symptom and fault type can be effectively handled with good discrimination capability.Results obtained by applying this method to fault diagnosis show that herewith early prediction of faults,as well as the type to which they belong,is made possible.Therefore this method has a certain practical engineering significance.Fig 1,tables 4 and refs 8.
Deep Learning-Based Drowsiness Detection System Using IoT

The proposed system is based on the Internet of Things (IoT). We proposed a Drowsiness detection system with Deep Learning using the internet of things. The system's goal is to prevent vehicle accidents caused by drowsy drivers. Millions of people have lost their lives globally as a result of drowsy driving incidents involving fast motorized vehicles. Research by the Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) found that almost 40% of all road accidents are triggered by drivers who are asleep at the wheel. The study's goal is to create a smart warning system that can recognize and discourage driving while fatigued. There were numerous approaches to resolving this problem. Here are a few examples: Support Vector Machine and Histogram of Gradients are used to create a system that does not require a big amount of data and is very sensitive when a picture is rotated. An application is created with the help of sensors; however, these sensors are only effective in certain environments. The surroundings are also working efficiently by counting the blinks of the eyes. The web camera is also inefficient because the camera's bandwidth varies from location to location owing to intensity. Now, a solution is developed that takes into account all of the disadvantages of the Raspberry Pi camera while still being efficient and portable. The Raspberry Pi board functions as a mini-computer that can be carried around. Using the OpenCV algorithm and OpenCV function, the Raspberry Pi camera translates the driver's video stream to a frame and grayscale image. The eye pairs take into account face landmarks, and the Eye Aspect Ratio is derived using Euclidean distances between the locations of the eyes. When the driver's condition is determined to be drowsy, an alert alarm will play, causing the driver to wake up. In 2022, 1,55,622 people died in road accidents in India. According to the National Safety Council, drowsy driving causes around 100,000 accidents, 71,000 injuries, and 1,550 fatalities each year (NSC).
Chlorophyll a Synthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides by Chlorophyll Synthase of Nicotiana tabacum

Simple Summary Photosynthetic (PS) organisms utilize light energy via their PS apparatuses which contain PS pigments. Since a PS organism usually has limited wavelength regions of light absorption determined by the property of their pigments, introducing heterologous pigments can expand the light absorption regions, which could enhance the efficiency of light utilization. Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a)-containing PS bacterium which has been widely used in photosynthesis research and biotechnological applications. In this study, we attempted to introduce chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) into R. sphaeroides to synthesize chlorophyll a (Chl a) under BChl a formation. It was challenging because BChl a and its precursors can inhibit ChlG. However, ChlGs of angiosperm plants were found to possess resistance against these inhibitions. Thus, we selected ChlG of Nicotiana tabacum, which had the highest resistance among angiosperm ChlGs and achieved the formation of Chl a in the presence of BChl a in R. sphaeroides by expression of the enzyme. Abstract The production of phytylated chlorophyll a (Chl aP) in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, which uses phytylated bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl aP), is the first step in expanding the light absorption spectra. Unlike the chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) of the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, ChlGs of angiosperms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, Avena sativa, and Oryza sativa, showed bacteriochlorophyll synthase activity and resistance to inhibition by bacteriochlorophyllide a (BChlide a), geranylgeranylated BChl a (BChl aGG), and BChl aP, collectively called bacteriochlorins. Among the angiosperm ChlGs, N. tabacum ChlG had the highest bacteriochlorophyll synthase activity and resistance to inhibition by bacteriochlorins. Expression of N. tabacum chlG in R. sphaeroides resulted in the formation of free Chl aP in the presence of BChl aP during photoheterotrophic growth, even though reactive oxygen species were generated.
Androgen Receptor Activation Induces Senescence in Thyroid Cancer Cells

Simple Summary Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and occurs three times more frequently in women than in men. Further, androgen receptor expression is decreased in thyroid cancer cells. These observations suggest that male hormones may play a role in the prevention of thyroid cancer. We show that androgen stimulation of the androgen receptor inhibits the growth of thyroid cancer cells by inducing a state of senescence, in which cells are not killed, but are unable to multiply. Further work will investigate the ability to use androgens to treat thyroid cancer cells, as well as the possibility of treating and eliminating senescent cells using specific drugs. Abstract Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with an approximately three-fold higher incidence in women. TCGA data indicate that androgen receptor (AR) RNA is significantly downregulated in PTC. In this study, AR-expressing 8505C (anaplastic TC) (84E7) and K1 (papillary TC) cells experienced an 80% decrease in proliferation over 6 days of exposure to physiological levels of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In 84E7, continuous AR activation resulted in G1 growth arrest, accompanied by a flattened, vacuolized cell morphology, with enlargement of the cell and the nuclear area, which is indicative of senescence; this was substantiated by an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, total RNA and protein content, and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p16, p21, and p27 was significantly increased. A non-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory profile was induced, significantly decreasing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF, RANTES, and MCP-1; this is consistent with the lower incidence of thyroid inflammation and cancer in men. Migration increased six-fold, which is consistent with the clinical observation of increased lymph node metastasis in men. Proteolytic invasion potential was not significantly altered, which is consistent with unchanged MMP/TIMP expression. Our studies provide evidence that the induction of senescence is a novel function of AR activation in thyroid cancer cells, and may underlie the protective role of AR activation in the decreased incidence of TC in men.
Uncovering the Effects of COVID-19 Mask Wearing on Bird Flight Initiation Distance in Urbanized Areas in the Southern Philippines

Simple Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in human behavior, such as wearing masks and reducing public activities, which have also affected the behavior of urban wildlife. However, the impact of COVID-19-related activities, particularly mask wearing, on urban wildlife is not yet fully understood, especially in the Philippines, where COVID-19 mask wearing restrictions persisted longer than in other nations. To address this, we assessed the response to mask wearing of two common urban bird species by examining their flight escape strategies, such as alert and flight initiation distances. Our study showed that mask wearing reduces bird vigilance against intruders, but the response was species-specific. Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in public and human activities worldwide, including using masks and reducing human interaction. These changes have also affected wildlife behavior, especially in urban areas. However, there is limited understanding of the impact of COVID-19-related human activities, mainly mask wearing, on the behavior of urban bird species. This case is intriguing in the Philippines, where COVID-19 restrictions and mask wearing have been more prolonged than in other countries. We studied two common urban bird species (Geopelia striata and Passer montanus) in Southcentral Mindanao, Philippines, to assess their response to mask wearing by examining their alert distance (AD) and flight initiation distance (FID). We found that birds had a reduced FID to mask wearing, but only significantly in G. striata (Zebra Doves) and not in P. montanus (Eurasian tree sparrow). The effect of the variables related to urbanization on FID was contrasting. For example, ambient noise increased bird vigilance while proximity to roads reduced bird FID in urbanized areas, but their effects were weaker compared to mask wearing. We conclude that mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic is a significant environmental element that alters bird escape responses in urban areas, and the effects may be species-specific.
A Reconfigurable Over-the-Air Chamber for Testing Multi-Antenna Wireless Devices

The reconfigurable over-the-air (OTA) chamber (ROTAC) is a reverberation chamber with antennas positioned along the chamber walls. By controlling the signals driving a small number of these antennas and tunable impedances terminating the ports of the remaining antennas, the ROTAC offers dynamical control of the field incident on a mobile device during OTA testing. This article uses finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic simulations and measurements from a ROTAC prototype in combination with a network model to characterize the fields incident on the device as a function of the excitations and terminations. A gradient search optimization is formulated to determine the excitations and terminations required to approximate specified field characteristics in the chamber test zone, including multipath direction of arrival, signal correlation, and fading statistics. The article further explores the relationship between the field spatial sampling within the test zone and the ability to synthesize a field with the specified characteristics.
Characterization of Biocompatibility of Functional Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting with suitable bioinks has become a critical tool for fabricating 3D biomimetic complex structures mimicking physiological functions. While enormous efforts have been devoted to developing functional bioinks for 3D bioprinting, widely accepted bioinks have not yet been developed because they have to fulfill stringent requirements such as biocompatibility and printability simultaneously. To further advance our knowledge of the biocompatibility of bioinks, this review presents the evolving concept of the biocompatibility of bioinks and standardization efforts for biocompatibility characterization. This work also briefly reviews recent methodological advances in image analyses to characterize the biocompatibility of bioinks with regard to cell viability and cell-material interactions within 3D constructs. Finally, this review highlights a number of updated contemporary characterization technologies and future perspectives to further advance our understanding of the biocompatibility of functional bioinks for successful 3D bioprinting.
Bearing health monitoring based on SSA optimization of AlexNet hyperparameter

Due to the randomness and one-sidedness of the artificially parameter setting, it is single only for a specific problem resulting the weak generalization ability. if there is a human error factor in parameters, it will lead to network construction training and diagnosis is not sufficient, high error. Based on this, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on Sparrow Optimization Algorithm (SSA) optimization is proposed to search for a network with d lower error. First, the signal is transformed into a time-frequency domain signal, and the test error target of CNN is used as optimization search, and the optimization search uses SSA to search for its learning rate and the number of batches learned. The best parameters are obtained by searching and adopting its best parameters to set up the CNN for training and testing. We conducted a cross-sectional comparison by GWO, SSA marine biota optimization algorithm and SSA sparrow flock optimization algorithm, etc, and concluded that the optimization algorithm with the best results is SSA sparrow optimization algorithm because of its fast convergence and small number of required populations. In contrast the problem of the SSA ocean optimization algorithm is that the convergence is not fast enough independent of the population size; the problem of the GWO algorithm is that a certain population size is required for fast convergence. The SSA sparrow optimization algorithm has higher diagnostic performance, better generalization performance and self-adaptability compared with other optimization algorithms.
ADC-Net: adaptive detail compensation network for prostate segmentation in 3D transrectal ultrasound images

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images have real-time and low-cost advantages. It is essential for preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative treatment of the prostate to segment prostates from TRUS images. In this paper, an Adaptive Detail Compensation Network (ADC-Net) for 3D prostate segmentation is proposed, which utilizes the convolutional neural networks (CNN) in deep learning to realize the automatic segmentation of TRUS images. The proposed method is consisting of a U-Net-based backbone network, a detail compensation module, three spatial-based attention modules, and an aggregation fusion module. A pre-trained ResNet-34 as the detail compensation module is utilized to compensate for the loss of detailed information caused by the down-sampling process of the U-Net encoder. The proposed method uses the spatial-based attention module to introduce multilevel features to refine single-layer features, thereby suppressing the useless background influence and enriching the contextual information of the foreground. Finally, to obtain a predicted prostate, the aggregation fusion module fuses refined single-layer features to further enrich the prostate semantic information and filter out other irrelevant information in TRUS images. Furthermore, a deep supervision mechanism applied in our method also plays an irreplaceable role in network training. Experimental results show that the proposed ADC-Net has achieved satisfactory results in the 3D TRUS image segmentation of prostates, providing accurate detection of prostate regions.
The Usefulness of Questionnaires in Assessing the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients in the Managed Care after Acute Myocardial Infarction Program—The Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) worsens prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) but often remains undiagnosed. The study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of questionnaires in assessing the risk of OSA in patients participating in managed care after an acute myocardial infarction program. Study group: 438 patients (349 (79.7%) men) aged 59.92 ± 10.92, hospitalized in the day treatment cardiac rehabilitation department 7–28 days after MI. OSA risk assessment: A 4-variable screening tool (4-V), STOP-BANG questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and adjusted neck circumference (ANC). The home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) was performed on 275 participants. Based on four scales, a high risk of OSA was found in 283 (64.6%) responders, including 248 (56.6%) based on STOP-BANG, 163 (37.5%) based on ANC, 115 (26.3%) based on 4-V, and 45 (10.3%) based on ESS. OSA was confirmed in 186 (68.0%) participants: mild in 85 (30.9%), moderate in 53 (19.3%), and severe in 48 (17.5%). The questionnaires’ sensitivity and specificity in predicting moderate-to-severe OSA were: for STOP-BANG—79.21% (95% confidence interval; CI 70.0–86.6) and 35.67% (95% CI 28.2–43.7); ANC—61.39% (95% CI 51.2–70.9) and 61.15% (95% CI 53.1–68.8); 4-V—45.54% (95% CI 35.6–55.8) and 68.79% (95% CI 60.9–75.9); ESS—16.83% (95% CI 10.1–25.6) and 87.90% (95% CI 81.7–92.6). OSA is common in post-MI patients. The ANC most accurately estimates the risk of OSA eligible for positive airway pressure therapy. The sensitivity of the ESS in the post-MI population is insufficient and limits this scale’s usefulness in risk assessment and qualification for treatment.
Optimal Sub-bands Decision for Robust Watermarking

This paper is concerned with a method of optimal sub-bands decision based on fuzzy inference. It concentrated on the design of fuzzy inference algorithm as well as discrete cosine transform(DCT) and human visual system. Firstly, feature parameters are extracted by using characteristics of the coefficients matrix of DCT. Secondly, fuzzy if - then rule which can be able to adapt the wide variety of environments is developed. The performance of proposed scheme is evaluated with respect to the imperceptibility and correctness of watermark.
A Low-Profile Metasurface-Inspired Antenna With Tilted Beam Radiation

In this letter, a simple method of generating tilted beam radiation through a planar structure is presented based on mode synthesis. Under the guidance of this operating principle, a low-profile metasurface-inspired antenna emitting tilted beam is designed with the aid of characteristic mode analysis. The radiation structure of this antenna is a printed nonuniform metasurface. A broadside radiation mode is supported by an etched slot while a bidirectional radiation mode is excited by a metal via with a parasite microstrip line simultaneously. Consequently, a tilted beam radiation can be obtained by combining these two modes. To verify the analysis and simulation, the metasurface antenna is fabricated and tested. Measurement result indicates that this proposed metasurface antenna can realize a tilted beam at 5.1 GHz towards 35<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a realized gain of 7.9 dBi and a low profile of 0.048<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the operating wavelength in free space).
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT AND CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM PLUMERIA ALBA L. LEAVES.

Methanolic (MeOH) extract and crude polysaccharides of Plumeria alba leaves were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis for the MeOH extract revealed the presence of ten flavonoids and nine phenolic compounds with higher antioxidant capacity. Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were determined. The monosaccharide composition was performed on a Dionex system (Dx-120) ion chromatography. The detected polysaccharides are heteropolysaccharides, glucose and mannose were occupied the highest level followed by galactose and rhamnose. Additionally, Plumeria alba polysaccharides (PAPs) consisted of the protein-bound polysaccharide. Furthermore, 14 amino acids (Asp, Thr, Glu, Ser, Ala, Gly, Arg, Tyr, Cys, Ile, Lys, Val, Pro and Phe) were identified to be components of the protein-bound polysaccharide analyzed by automated amino acid analyzer. Antioxidant activity was evaluated at different concentrations ranged from 0.25 to 3 mg/ml using three different in vitro antioxidant activity assays. The obtained results clearly indicated that the MeOH extract and PAPs showed a strong antioxidant activity in terms of FRAP, DPPH • free radical scavenging and reducing power assay. Thus, Plumeria alba could be a new source of natural antioxidants for functional foods or medicine due to its higher antioxidant potential, flavonoids and phenolics contents.