Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LIGNIN STRUCTURE : RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Studies of lignin structure and reactivity have been re-energized by the emergence of modern technologies, new analytical methods, and by exciting recent findings. The structural aspects which were considered complex but well understood some years back have seen revisions that add to the complexity in some ways but are clarified by the logical chemistry in others. One of the most significant recent findings has been the elucidation of dibenzodioxocins as significant components of natural lignins. Now found in lignins from all classes of plants which have a guaiacyl lignin component, they are new structures derived from 5—5-coupling of lignin oligomers followed by coupling with a new lignin monomer; other lignification reactions then follow to fully incorporate these structures into the polymer. Another new structural unit, aryl-isochromans, expose a logical new pathway following β—1-coupling. These new structures and others have been revealed by modern analytical and instrumental methods, particularly NMR. The now common use of 2D and 3D NMR, using pulsed field gradients, inverse detection, and modern digital instruments allows ever more sensitive detection and, more importantly, diagnostic interpretation. Because it is now possible to reveal a given unit in the complex polymer in a diagnostic way, structures are being suggested directly from spectra of the polymer (although confirmation and authentication using model compounds remains crucial). Studying lignins from non-woody plants has also provided significant new knowledge. Acylated (e.g. acetylated, p-coumaroylated, p-hydroxybenzoylated) lignins are now better understood thanks to NMR methods, as well as new and established degradative methods (e.g. the DFRC method, and thioacidolysis) combined with mass-spectrometry. Acylated units can be a significant component of lignins; for example, lignins in the bast fibers of kenaf are more than 50% acetylated. Cell wall cross-linking in grasses by ferulates has also recently been clarified. Mutant and transgenic plants in which steps in the monolignol biosynthetic pathway are down-or up-regulated are also providing a rich source of insight into the processes of lignification. Massive compositional shifts, significantly beyond traditional bounds, are found in a variety of mutants/transgenics. In some cases, units that are minor in normal lignins become major components. This facilitates their identification and may elucidate their radical-coupling reactions. Pathways interacting with lignification become identified, and the very definition of lignin itself becomes clouded or simplified depending on ones perspective. This paper explores recent advances in understanding lignin structure, and provides applications that show the breadth and plasticity of the lignification process. …
WSML Deliverable D 5 . 1 v 0 . 1 WSMO Discovery

The Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) provides the conceptual framework for semantically describing web services and their specific properties. Based on WSMO, the Web Service Modeling Language (WSML) implements this conceptual framework in a formal language for annotating web services with semantic information. In this document we present and discuss how (semantic) descriptions of web services based on WSMO and WSML can be exploited for the dynamic discovery i.e. location of suitable services to fulfill a given objective. In order to cover the complete range of scenarios that can appear in practical applications, several approaches to achieve the automation of the discovery process are presented and discussed. They require different levels of semantics in the description of web services and requests, and have different complexity and precision. WSMO, WSML, and the approaches for discovery presented in this paper constitute the necessary infrastructure to achieve the automatic location of web services in different scenarios, ranging from natural language descriptions of web services and requests to precise logical definitions of the web services functionality and the requester objectives. Copyright c © 2004 DERI r © , All Rights Reserved. DERI liability, trademark, document use, and software licensing rules apply. D5.1 – WSMO Discovery 3
Putting the public back into public accountability

Although current accountability systems have received a great deal of criticism for being too narrow and too focused on sanctions, relatively little concern has been directed at a related problem: the failure of accountability systems to meaningfully engage the public. Derek Gottlieb and Jack Schneider suggest that a better system would consider the plural and often non-instrumental standards by which communities evaluate their schools. In such a system, state officials, district leaders, teachers, parents, students, and other stakeholders would come together to determine how schools will be evaluated and how to respond to the results of those evaluations.
Internet Support Communities, Online Peer Support, Social Networks/Social Media & Internet Use by Hospitalized Patients

The purpose of this research was to explore internet support communities, online peer support, social networks/social media and internet use by hospitalized patients. Communication, relationships, education, language, and in general human connections through the internet are all important factors of how the World Wide Web is used. We investigated Internet support communities for people with health problems. More specifically, the objective of this study was to find out how people who have been hospitalized and are awaiting major surgery use the Internet to get educated about their situation and recovery. Results show that through the use of the Internet and online peer support, the participants received psychological support, hope, and guidance to recovery, while conclusions attribute this to feelings of reduced loneliness and increased understanding by people who have been through similar situations. Finally, the participants rated the internet and the online peer support that they received as extremely important.
Perception Preserving Projections

Linear projection for reducing data dimensionality is a common practice in various data processing applications. Among the existing projection methods, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is arguably the most popular one. Standard PCA used in image preprocessing pursues the projection directions by minimizing the reconstruction error in a least square sense. However, since PCA does not adapt to the data or any specific domains, it may lead to severe loss of certain discriminative features during the projection, and damage the performance of either human perception (e.g. stimulus in the visual cortex, as modeled by Gabor wavelets), or machine perceptions (e.g. recognizing the images based on a certain type of visual features), or both. In this paper, we propose a novel Perception Preserving Projections (PPP) method to preserve the information for specific perception systems. In particular, PPP incorporates domain-specific feature extractor into the standard PCA formulation for the projection learning procedure. This enables PPP to make more sensible projections for feature based perception systems while retaining the simplicity and unsupervised manner of PCA. In experimental studies, PPP shows clear effectiveness and improvement over PCA in terms of two performance metrics: feature extraction deviation and the pattern recognition accuracy.
Modelling and design of the half-bridge resonant inverter for induction cooking application

In this paper the design process of an half-bridge resonant inverter for induction cooking application is presented: firstly, the electrical behaviour of the system is investigated. The second step consists in finding a methodology for the computation of the losses of the inverter. Then a prototype board has been build and a numerical methodology that identifies the characteristic impedance of the pan+inductor system has been found. Using these results and the thermal analysis of the IGBTs+heatsink system, the design process ends with the choice of the IGBTs and of the heatsink, as well as the determination of suitable and unsuitable types of pans, the selection of the proper operating points and the design of the controller, which must cope with the large variability and the time-varying behaviour of the load
An embedded system for counting passengers in public transportation vehicles

This article describes a system for people counting conceived for public transportation vehicles. The underlying idea is to monitor the number of passengers getting in or out public transportation means like buses and metros over time hence computing reliable estimations in order to improve vehicle's door control. A stereo vision system is presented, it has been developed considering its future installation over bus doors; a feature based people counting algorithm and an object tracking system are used to count people getting in or out of a specific region of interest. The system here described will be installed and tested on an Ivecobus Citelis vehicle in the framework of the Italian Industria 2015 Ecoautobus initiative.
Influence of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields on the Circadian System: Current Stage of Knowledge

One of the side effects of each electrical device work is the electromagnetic field generated near its workplace. All organisms, including humans, are exposed daily to the influence of different types of this field, characterized by various physical parameters. Therefore, it is important to accurately determine the effects of an electromagnetic field on the physiological and pathological processes occurring in cells, tissues, and organs. Numerous epidemiological and experimental data suggest that the extremely low frequency magnetic field generated by electrical transmission lines and electrically powered devices and the high frequencies electromagnetic radiation emitted by electronic devices have a potentially negative impact on the circadian system. On the other hand, several studies have found no influence of these fields on chronobiological parameters. According to the current state of knowledge, some previously proposed hypotheses, including one concerning the key role of melatonin secretion disruption in pathogenesis of electromagnetic field induced diseases, need to be revised. This paper reviews the data on the effect of electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields on melatonin and cortisol rhythms—two major markers of the circadian system as well as on sleep. It also provides the basic information about the nature, classification, parameters, and sources of these fields.
Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis of Escherichia coli during high cell density culture.

Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis was carried out to understand metabolic and physiological changes of Escherichia coli during the high cell density cultivation (HCDC). The expression of genes of TCA cycle enzymes, NADH dehydrogenase and ATPase, was up-regulated during the exponential fed-batch period and was down-regulated afterward. However, expression of most of the genes involved in glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway was up-regulated at the stationary phase. The expression of most of amino acid biosynthesis genes was down-regulated as cell density increased, which seems to be the major reason for the reduced specific productivity of recombinant proteins during HCDC. The expression of chaperone genes increased with cell density, suggesting that the high cell density condition itself can be stressful to the cells. Severe competition for oxygen at high cell density seemed to make cells use cytochrome bd, which is less efficient but has a high oxygen affinity than cytochrome bo(3). Population cell density itself strongly affected the expression of porin protein genes, especially ompF, and hence the permeability of the outer membrane. Expression of phosphate starvation genes was most strongly up-regulated toward the end of cultivation. It was also found that sigma(E) (rpoE) plays a more important role than sigma(S) (rpoS) at the stationary phase of HCDC. These findings should be invaluable in designing metabolic engineering and fermentation strategies for the production of recombinant proteins and metabolites by HCDC of E. coli.
High quality voice conversion by post-filtering the outputs of Gaussian processes

Voice conversion is a technique that aims to transform the individuality of source speech so as to mimic that of target speech while keeping the message unaltered, where the Gaussian mixture model based methods are most commonly used. However, these methods suffer from over-smoothing and over-fitting problems. In our previous work, we proposed to use Gaussian processes to alleviate over-fitting. Despite its effectiveness, this method will inevitably lead to over-smoothing due to choosing the mean of predictive distribution of Gaussian processes as optimal estimation. Thus, in this paper we focus on addressing the over-smoothing problem by post-filtering the outputs of the standard Gaussian processes, resulting in more dynamics in the converted feature parameters. Experiments have confirmed the validity of the proposed method both objectively and subjectively.
Scientific Data and Document Processing in ChemxSeer

ChemXSeer is a digital library and a data repository for the chemistry domain. The data deposited into our repository is linked with digital documents to create aggregates of resources representing the links between the data and the articles in which the data is reported. ChemXSeer enables the user to annotate the data using a metadata capturing tool. The metadata is indexed and searched to return relevant datasets to the user. ChemXSeer extracts chemical formulae and chemical names, disambiguates them and indexes them to allow for domain-knowledge enhanced search capabilities. As search engines mature, we foresee such vertical search engines, employing domain-specific knowledge to perform information extraction and indexing, especially for scientific domains, become more popular. Though substantial research has been pursued on information extraction from text, extracting information from tables and figures has received little attention. In the ChemXSeer project, we are building tools that allow automatic extraction of tables and figures.
Searching for the triplet Higgs sector via central exclusive production at the LHC

We discuss the prospects of searching for the neutral Higgs bosons of the triplet model in central exclusive production at the LHC. A detailed Monte Carlo analysis is presented for six benchmark scenarios for the Higgs boson, H10, these cover mH10 = 120, 150 GeV and doublet-triplet mixing of cH = 0.2, 0.5 or 0.8. We find that, for appropriate values of cH, an excellent Higgs mass measurement is possible for the neutral Higgs in the triplet model, and discuss how to distinguish the triplet model Higgs boson from the Higgs boson of the Standard Model.
Difficulties in the diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder

Aleksandra Gorostowicz1, Marcin Siwek2 © Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND). Reproduction is permitted for personal, educational, non-commercial use, provided that the original article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. Received: 09.01. 2018 Accepted: 15.01. 2018 Published: 29.03. 2018 Psychiatr Psychol Klin 2018, 18 (1) Aleksandra Gorostowicz, Marcin Siwek
Perubahan Perilaku Konsumtif dan Gaya Hidup Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW) Purna

Differences in environmental cultures lead to changes in behavior and lifestyle Post-returning ex-TKW. They tend to bring the culture from abroad like consumptive behavior, and lifestyles that follow the trend, though not all so. So they forget the main purpose to fulfill the needs of the household or to open a new business, they are more concerned with personal desire to behave consumptive follow the trend. This research was conducted in Polorejo Village of Ponorogo Regency. Qualitative descriptive research method, determination of informant snow ball sampling method to ex-TKW, to search data using observation, interview and documentation with data analysis Interactive Model Analysis and data validation with triangulation method. The purpose of the study describes the Changes of Consumptive Behavior and Change of Lifestyle of Full-time Female Workers (TKW) in Polorejo Village of Ponorogo Regency. Result of research Consumptive behavior change done by TKW full is influenced by hegemony of society perception that TKW success have much money, assuming they can increase self esteem in society. As a result TKW behaved consumerism, a simple lifestyle that turned into a lifestyle that tends to follow the trend. Lifestyle changes include clothing, housing, and food. Clothing is everything in use from head to toe, whereas the housing is everything that is perceived to be a necessity like home, electronic equipment and gadgets, and the last is food that includes tastes to the habit of eating a stylish fast food modern.
Quality Time: Representation of a Multidimensional Sensory Domain through Temporal Coding

Receptive fields of sensory neurons in the brain are usually restricted to a portion of the entire stimulus domain. At all levels of the gustatory neuraxis, however, there are many cells that are broadly tuned, i.e., they respond well to each of the basic taste qualities (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter). Although it might seem that this broad tuning precludes a major role for these cells in representing taste space, here we show the opposite—namely, that the tastant-specific temporal aspects (firing rate envelope and spike timing) of their responses enable each cell to represent the entire stimulus domain. Specifically, we recorded the response patterns of cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) to representatives of four basic taste qualities and their binary mixtures. We analyzed the temporal aspects of these responses, and used their similarities and differences to construct the taste space represented by each neuron. We found that for the more broadly tuned neurons in the NTS, the taste space is a systematic representation of the entire taste domain. That is, the taste space of these broadly tuned neurons is three dimensional, with basic taste qualities widely separated and binary mixtures placed close to their components. Further, the way that taste quality is represented by the firing rate envelope is consistent across the population of cells. Thus, the temporal characteristics of responses in the population of NTS neurons, especially those that are more broadly tuned, produce a comprehensive and logical representation of the taste world.
CPSim: a tool for creating scalable discrete event simulations

CPSim is a tool that was originally designed for parallel simulations. A strict separation between the CPSim kernel and its application library enabled the creation of a serial version, preserving the user interface in the process. In other words, the same source simulation program written in C that uses the CPSim library may be compiled to run on a personal computer or on a multicomputer. The paper presents the CPSim programming model that enabled scalability and portability. It is also shown that a CPSim simulation executed on a single processor can outperform a classical event list simulation.
On the Ozsvath-Szabo invariant of negative definite plumbed 3-manifolds

The main goal of the present article is the computation of the Heegaard Floer homology introduced by Ozsvath and Szabo for a family of plumbed rational homology 3-spheres. The main motivation is the study of the Seiberg-Witten type invariants of links of normal surface singularities.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with inhaled medium- or high-dose corticosteroids: a prospective and randomized study focusing on clinical efficacy and the risk of pneumonia

Purpose Complications of pneumonia development in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy have been documented. The aim of this study was to focus on clinical efficacy and the incidence of pneumonia between COPD patients receiving medium and high doses of ICS. Patients and methods This prospective, randomized study included COPD patients identified from three tertiary medical centers from 2010 to 2012. The patients were randomized into two groups: high dose (HD; fluticasone 1,000 μg + salmeterol 100 μg/day) and medium dose (MD; fluticasone 500 μg + salmeterol 100 μg/day). Lung function with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity, and COPD-assessment test (CAT) were checked every 2 months. The frequency of acute exacerbations and number of pneumonia events were measured. The duration of the study period was 1 year. Results In total, 237 COPD patients were randomized into the two treatment arms (115 in the HD group, 122 in the MD group). The FEV1 level was significantly improved in the patients in the HD group compared with those in the MD group (HD 103.9±26.6 mL versus MD 51.4±19.7 mL, P<0.01) at the end of the study. CAT scores were markedly improved in patients using an HD compared to those using an MD (HD 13±5 versus MD 16±7, P=0.05). There was a significant difference in the percentage of annual rates in acute exacerbations (HD 0.16 versus MD 0.34, P<0.01) between the two groups. The incidence of pneumonia was similar in the two groups (HD 0.08 versus MD 0.10, P=0.38). Conclusion COPD patients treated with high doses of ICS had more treatment benefits and no significant increases in the incidence in pneumonia. Higher-dose ICS treatment may be suitable for COPD therapy.
Greyscale and power Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of normal synovial joints: correlation with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors.

OBJECTIVE US is a promising tool in evaluating RA synovitis, but abnormal US findings have been reported in small subsets of normal joints in healthy subjects. This study aimed to systematically assess greyscale US (GSUS) and power Doppler US (PDUS) findings in 40 peripheral joints-the 28-joint DAS (DAS28) set, ankles and MTP joints-in healthy subjects. A composite score of abnormal US findings in 40 joints was compared with serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS US of 60 standard views in 40 joints was performed in 30 healthy subjects (total 3600 images). GSUS and PDUS were scored semi-quantitatively (0-3). Serum samples were obtained at the time of US and analysed for IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, TNF-α and IFN-γ using biochip array technology. RESULTS GSUS abnormalities were more frequent than PDUS abnormalities [mean total GSUS score = 20.07 (range 6-45; maximum potential score = 180), mean total PDUS score = 4.8 (range 0-13)]. GSUS score increased with increasing age (Spearman's ρ = 0.383, P = 0.037). A PDUS signal >1 was observed only in the wrist (8%) and MTP1 (3%). GSUS scores did not correlate with any pro-inflammatory cytokine level. The total PDUS score correlated significantly with serum VEGF (r = 0.395, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION PDUS signals >1 are rarely seen in normal synovial joints. GSUS synovitis, but not PDUS, may reflect age-related joint changes. PDUS correlated with VEGF, providing further evidence of a central role for VEGF in synovial neo-angiogenesis.