Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Data-Driven Security Assessment of Power Systems: Trends and Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Boosting the complexity of the electricity network, penetration of renewable resources, and modernization of power systems has resulted in an increase in the complexity of the power systems security assessment (PSSA). In this context, to decrease the vulnerability of the systems to multiple instability threats and security issues while ensuring the safe operation of the power systems, providing effective online security assessment methods capable of monitoring the systems’ security under varying conditions is vital. However, although the traditional methods have demonstrated efficient PSSA performance, intelligent data-driven approaches have effectively overcome the traditional approaches by delivering impressive and rapid PSSA performance. Artificial intelligence (AI) -based techniques are required to guarantee the efficient, optimal, and safe security assessment. The usage of AI is emphasized due to its computational speed for online performance and its flexibility for providing corrective actions for insecure operating conditions to achieve a seamless transition in power systems. In this review, various available data-driven methods in power system security are comprehensively reviewed into two primary classifications: static and dynamic security assessment. The evaluated study aims to highlight the merits and demerits of developed techniques as well as their limitations to provide decision-making assistant for future investigations.
Amlexanox: Readthrough Induction and Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Inhibition in a Charcot–Marie–Tooth Model of hiPSCs-Derived Neuronal Cells Harboring a Nonsense Mutation in GDAP1 Gene

Nonsense mutations are involved in multiple peripheral neuropathies. These mutations induce the presence of a premature termination codon (PTC) at the mRNA level. As a result, a dysfunctional or truncated protein is synthesized, or even absent linked to nonsense-mediated mRNA degradation (NMD) system activation. Readthrough molecules or NMD inhibitors could be innovative therapies in these hereditary neuropathies, particularly molecules harboring the dual activity as amlexanox. Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) is the most common inherited pathology of the peripheral nervous system, affecting 1 in 2500 people worldwide. Nonsense mutations in the GDAP1 gene have been associated with a severe form of CMT, prompting us to investigate the effect of readthrough and NMD inhibitor molecules. Although not clearly defined, GDAP1 could be involved in mitochondrial functions, such as mitophagy. We focused on the homozygous c.581C>G (p.Ser194*) mutation inducing CMT2H using patient human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neuronal cells. Treatment during 20 h with 100 µM of amlexanox on this cell model stabilized GDAP1 mRNAs carrying UGA-PTC and induced a restoration of the mitochondrial morphology. These results highlight the potential of readthrough molecules associated to NMD inhibitors for the treatment of genetic alterations in CMT, opening the way for future investigations and a potential therapy.
Mini-organs with big impact: Organoids in liver cancer studies

Hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common primary liver cancer and a leading cause of death, is a difficult disease to treat due to its heterogeneous nature. Traditional models, such as 2D culture and patient-derived xenografts, have not proven effective. However, the development of 3D culture techniques, such as organoids, which can mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME) and preserve heterogeneity and pathophysiological properties of tumor cells, offers new opportunities for treatment and research. Organoids also have the potential for biomarker detection and personalized medication, as well as genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 to study the behavior of certain genes and therapeutic interventions. This review explores to-the-date development of organoids with a focus on TME modeling in 3D organoid cultures. Further, it discusses gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 in organoids, the challenges faced, and the prospects in the field of organoids.
Area-Aware Optimization of MRAM Crossbar Array Bit-Cell for In-Memory Computing

Recently, the crossbar array chip based on spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) has been proposed for in-memory computing (IMC), which enables efficient analog multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation to reduce the power consumption of artificial neural networks (ANNs). We propose three optimized designs for the 3-transistor and 2-magnetic-tunnel-junction (3T2J) bit-cell employed in the STT-MRAM crossbar array chip in terms of layout and circuit design. First, by adjusting the transistor order of the 3T2J structure, the layout area is reduced by 10%. Second, a 2-finger configuration is adopted for the access transistor to improve the write performance by 19.1%, while the layout area remains unchanged. Third, a novel 4T2J bit-cell design is proposed, in which the write performance is more balanced than that of the 3T2J one, and the bit-cell area is reduced by 20% with the concise routing.
Prosody of Preferred and Dispreferred Speech Acts: L2 Spanish Learners’ Intonation and Fluency in Acceptances and Refusals

This exploratory study examined L2 Spanish learners’ tone choices and oral fluency when producing preferred and dispreferred speech acts, specifically acceptances and refusals. Participants were 27 college students enrolled in intermediate-level Spanish classes. They completed a video-based speaking task that elicited four acceptances and four refusals in response to imaginary scenarios (two status-equal and two status-unequal scenarios for refusals and acceptances, respectively). After reading a scenario, they watched a short video depicting the scenario and then produced an acceptance or refusal directed to the person in the video. All responses were recorded and analyzed using the Spanish Tones and Break Indices framework (Sp_ToBI; Estebas-Vilaplana and Prieto, 2009). Participants’ tone choices (rising or falling) and speech rate (average number of words spoken per minute) were analyzed and compared between acceptances and refusals. There was a tendency of the participants using more rising tone and less falling tone in refusals in comparison to their acceptances. Similarly, there was a tendency of them speaking more slowly in refusals than acceptances. However, these tendencies were not statistically significant, indicating that intermediate-level learners were not able to differentiate intonation and fluency between preferred and dispreferred speech acts.
The potentials for incidental vocabulary acquisition from listening to computer science academic lectures: a higher education corpus-based case study from Macau

Introduction Universities in non-Anglophone countries are increasingly implementing English as the medium of instruction (EMI) lectures. There seems to be an assumption that students’ performance on standardized English examinations can be equated with the lexical knowledge needed to comprehend EMI lectures regardless of discipline. For unknown words students encounter, it is assumed that they can be picked up through listening to these lectures. This potential for students to acquire unknown words incidentally while listening to these lectures has yet to be fully explored. Methods This study addresses the potential of students incidentally acquiring vocabulary from listening to EMI lectures through corpus analyses of computer science lectures at one public university in Macau. Taking into consideration frequency, range, and lecturer explanation, corpus analyses of the transcripts of 28 computer science lectures (40 h 36 min) were conducted to determine the lexical knowledge needed for students to comprehend the lectures. The potential number of words these students could acquire through listening to the lectures was also uncovered through further analyses. Results Results showed that L2 students need to have receptive knowledge of the most frequent 3,000 word families plus proper nouns and marginal words to reach beyond 95% lexical coverage. To reach 98% lexical coverage, 5,000 word families are needed. Considering frequency, range, and teacher explanation, we concluded that 30 new words could reasonably be incidentally acquired after listening to the 28 lectures. Discussion These results indicate a need for EMI lecturers to consider the lexical knowledge of students and whether additional pedagogical techniques (i.e., vocabulary explanation) should be employed in content classrooms when lectures are delivered in English, especially for specialized fields such as computer science. Our results also draw attention to the importance of field specific vocabulary and the potential pitfalls of using blanket English language admissions criteria when admitting students to different academic programs.
Using Single-Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data Acquired at 1.5T to Classify Multivoxel Data at 3T: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Simple Summary One of the main applications of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is in the non-invasive monitoring of the metabolic pattern of brain tumors. MRS comes in two basic modalities, single-voxel (SV), from which the signal is obtained, and multivoxel (MV), in which one or more contiguous grids of SVs are acquired. The purpose of our proof-of-concept study was to test whether it would be possible to train machine learning models using SV data at 1.5T, and test them with MV 3T data from independent patients, obtaining color-coded images of pathology (nosological images) to help radiologists in their preoperative evaluation of patients. With sequential forward feature selection followed by linear discriminant analysis, we obtained AUCs = 0.95 (meningioma), 0.89 (aggressive), 0.82 (low-grade glioma), and 0.82 (normal brain) in the MV test set. Abstract In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has two modalities, single-voxel (SV) and multivoxel (MV), in which one or more contiguous grids of SVs are acquired. Purpose: To test whether MV grids can be classified with models trained with SV. Methods: Retrospective study. Training dataset: Multicenter multiformat SV INTERPRET, 1.5T. Testing dataset: MV eTumour, 3T. Two classification tasks were completed: 3-class (meningioma vs. aggressive vs. normal) and 4-class (meningioma vs. low-grade glioma vs. aggressive vs. normal). Five different methods were tested for feature selection. The classification was implemented using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), random forest, and support vector machines. The evaluation was completed with balanced error rate (BER) and area under the curve (AUC) on both sets. The accuracy in class prediction was calculated by developing a solid tumor index (STI) and segmentation accuracy with the Dice score. Results: The best method was sequential forward feature selection combined with LDA, with AUCs = 0.95 (meningioma), 0.89 (aggressive), 0.82 (low-grade glioma), and 0.82 (normal). STI was 66% (4-class task) and 71% (3-class task) because two cases failed completely and two more had suboptimal STI as defined by us. Discussion: The reasons for failure in the classification of the MV test set were related to the presence of artifacts.
Large-Scale Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of >22,000 Subjects Provides no Evidence of FMR1 Premutation Allele Involvement in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Expansion of a CGG repeat in the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene on the X chromosome is the cause of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). The repeat length of unaffected individuals varies between 5–40 repeats, whereas >200 repeats are observed in cases of FXS. The intermediate range between 55–200 repeats is considered the premutation range and is observed in roughly 1:300 females and 1:900 males in the general population. With the availability of large-scale whole genome sequence (WGS) data and the development of computational tools to detect repeat expansions, we systematically examined the role of FMR1 premutation alleles in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility, assess the prevalence, and consider the allelic stability between parents and offspring. We analyzed the WGS data of 22,053 subjects, including 32 FXS positive controls, 1359 population controls, and 5467 ASD families. We observed no FMR1 full mutation range repeats among the ASD parent-offspring families but identified 180 family members with premutation range alleles, which represents a higher prevalence compared to the independent WGS control sample and previous reports in the literature. A sex-specific analysis between probands and unaffected siblings did not reveal a significant increase in the burden of premutation alleles in either males or females with ASD. PCR validation, however, suggests an overestimation of the frequency of FMR1 premutation range alleles through computational analysis of WGS data. Overall, we show the utility of large-scale repeat expansion screening in WGS data and conclude that there is no apparent evidence of FMR1 premutation alleles contributing to ASD susceptibility.
Treatment Patterns and Outcomes for Patients with Ampullary Carcinoma Who Do Not Undergo Surgery

Simple Summary Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor in the gastrointestinal tract. Surgery is the preferred treatment, however if a patient has other medical conditions or advanced disease, surgery may not be possible. In this situation, the best treatment strategy is unknown. We sought to find out what happens to these patients in terms of treatments and survival. We used the National Cancer Database 2004–2017 to find 2176 patients who were diagnosed with ampullary adenocarcinoma but did not undergo surgery. The majority of these patients did not receive any chemotherapy or radiation. The rest received a combination of chemotherapy, palliative radiation, and/or definitive radiation. One-year overall survival ranged from 35% in patients who only received palliative radiation to 59.4% in patients who received chemotherapy and definitive radiation therapy. We did not find a significant difference in survival between patients who received chemotherapy and those who received chemotherapy and definitive radiation therapy. Abstract Surgical resection is the standard of care for ampullary adenocarcinoma (AC). Many patients are ineligible due to comorbidities/advanced disease. Evidence for the optimal non-operative management of localized AC is lacking. We hypothesize that patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) and definitive radiation (DRT) will have superior survival (OS) compared to those treated with CT alone. We performed a retrospective review of the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2017 to identify patients with non-metastatic AC and no surgical intervention. Patients were categorized as having received no treatment, palliative radiotherapy (PRT) alone, CT alone, CT + PRT, DRT alone, or CT + DRT. We utilized Kaplan–Meier analysis to determine OS and the log-rank test to compare survival curves. Among 2176 patients, treatment groups were: No treatment (71.2%), PRT alone (1.9%), CT alone (13.1%), CT + PRT (1.6%), DRT alone (2.4%), and CT + DRT (9.7%). One-year OS varied by treatment group, ranging from 35.1% (PRT alone) to 59.4% (CT + DRT). The one-year OS in a matched cohort was not significantly different between CT alone and CT + DRT (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.69–1.10, p = 0.87). Most patients with non-metastatic AC not treated with surgery do not receive any treatment. There is no difference in one-year OS between those undergoing CT alone and CT + DRT.
A Confucian mutualist theory of sport

ABSTRACT This article develops a novel theory of sport that I call ‘Confucian mutualism’. Confucian mutualism is underpinned by the Confucian Golden Rule and the Confucian conception of human dignity. It resembles the mutualist theory of sport developed by Robert L. Simon in maintaining that sport participants ethically ought to prioritize promoting sporting excellence both in themselves and in their co-participants. However, while Simon’s mutualism maintains that sporting excellence consists in proficiency at sport constitutive skills, Confucian mutualism maintains that sporting excellence consists in success at achieving the Confucian virtues through sport participation. I provide a preliminary case for why Confucian mutualism’s virtue-centric conception of sporting excellence makes it better able than Simon’s mutualism to explain why sporting excellence is stance-independently ethically significant for all sport participants. I do so by trying to show that we have prima facie justification for believing that Confucian mutualism is not vulnerable to certain kinds of criticisms that have been leveled at Simon’s mutualism.
Apache Wayang: A Unified Data Analytics Framework

The large variety of specialized data processing platforms and the increased complexity of data analytics has led to the need for unifying data analytics within a single framework. Such a framework should free users from the burden of (i) choosing the right platform( s) and (ii) gluing code between the different parts of their pipelines. Apache Wayang (Incubating) is the only open-source framework that provides a systematic solution to unified data analytics by integrating multiple heterogeneous data processing platforms. It achieves that by decoupling applications from the underlying platforms and providing an optimizer so that users do not have to specify the platforms on which their pipeline should run. Wayang provides a unified view and processing model, effectively integrating the hodgepodge of heterogeneous platforms into a single framework with increased usability without sacrificing performance and total cost of ownership. In this paper, we present the architecture ofWayang, describe its main components, and give an outlook on future directions.
Models for count data

Many statisticians including me are intrigued by prime numbers because their distribution combines apparent randomness with determinism. Joel E. Cohen has shown an interesting connection between the asymptotic distribution of prime numbers and a law often obeyed in applied statistics by, for example, ecological distributions. Called Taylor’s Law, this law requires that the mean M(x) and variance V (x) be related by a(M(x))b ∼ V (x) where a and b are constants. The symbol ∼ means that the ratio of the two sides of the relation converge to 1 (as x → ∞ in this case). Specifically, Cohen shows that the asymptotic distribution is uniform on [2, x] so that 1 3 (M(x)) 2 ∼ V (x). The convergence in distribution is nonstandard in that x → ∞ as the distribution approaches uniform on [2, x]. It is also of interest to consider the meanm1(n) and variance v(n) of the first n primes as n → ∞. Letting pn denote the nth prime, it is known (e.g., Rosser and Schoenfeld 1962, Theorem 3) that pn ∼ n log n. Therefore, m1(n) = 1 n ∑n k=1 pk ∼ 1 n ∑n k=1 k log k. We note that ∫ x log x dx = 2x log x − 4x + C1 so by the usual rules for approximating a sum by an integral, we have m1(n) ∼ 2n log n. Let us estimate the second moment m2(n) = 1 n ∑n k=1 p 2 k ∼ 1 n ∑n k=1 k 2(log k)2. Now we note that ∫ x2(log x)2 dx = 3x(log x)2 − 9x log x + 2 27x +C2 so m2(n) ∼ 3n(log n)2. Thus, v(n) = m2(n) − (m1(n)) ∼ 1 3n 2(log n)2 − 4n(log n)2 = 1 12n(log n)2. Finally, we have 1 3 (m1(n)) 2 ∼ v(n) in accord with Taylor’s Law. The estimates we have made can be tightened, but they suffice for our purpose. Cohen is to be commended for showing that the ubiquity of Taylor’s Law extends even into number theory.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on cost of debt in Scandinavian public companies

Research background: In recent decades, companies have paid increasing attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its related performance. Scandinavian countries lead the world in CSR and sustainability. The good CSR performance of Scandinavian companies has motivated studies on this phenomenon, particularly on the connection between a company's CSR and its performance. One of the most important performance indicators and value drivers is the cost of debt. Purpose of the article: This study assessed the impact of CSR on the cost of debt in Scandinavian public companies. Methods: The research was divided into two stages. In the first stage, Scandinavian public companies were divided into two groups (with and without ESG (environmental, social, governance) disclosure scores) to reveal differences in the cost of debt. In the second stage, a fixed-effects regression model for balanced panel data sets was applied from 2011 to 2020 to assess the impact of ESG and its pillars on the cost of debt. Findings & value added: The results revealed that the cost of debt of companies in Scandinavian countries with ESG disclosure scores was significantly lower. The ESG disclosure scores of these companies have increased significantly over the past 10 years. We found a positive impact of CSR on the cost of debt in Scandinavian public companies. The increase in ESG disclosure and pillar scores reduced the cost of debt. These findings are valuable from a scientific perspective. Scandinavian public companies with ESG scores have higher financial risk, but lower cost of debt. These results support the importance of investors' behavior, information asymmetry, and signaling. The findings have several implications for shareholders, managers and creditors. They suggest that creditors consider ESG disclosures when determining a borrower's creditworthiness. Additionally, it is a message to regulators that the debt market values ESG disclosures.
The algorithm of crack and crack tip coordinates detection in optical images during fatigue test

An algorithm of crack detection during fatigue testing of materials, designed to automate the process of cyclic loading and tracking the crack tip, is proposed and tested. The ultimate goal of the study is aimed at controlling the displacements of the optical system with regard to the specimen under fatigue loading to ensure observation of the ‘area of interest’. It is shown that the image region that contains the crack may be detected and positioned with an average error of 1.93%. In terms of determining the crack tip position, the algorithm provides the accuracy of its localization with the average error value of 56 pixels.
Genetic Modulation of the Erythrocyte Phenotype Associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity—A Multicenter Portuguese Cohort Study

The development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may be influenced by anemia or a low fetal/adult hemoglobin ratio. We aimed to analyze the association between DNA methyltransferase 3 β (DNMT3B) (rs2424913), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (rs1801133), and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A) (rs7548692) polymorphisms, erythrocyte parameters during the first week of life, and ROP. In total, 396 infants (gestational age < 32 weeks or birth weight < 1500 g) were evaluated clinically and hematologically. Genotyping was performed using a MicroChip DNA on a platform employing iPlex MassARRAY®. Multivariate regression was performed after determining risk factors for ROP using univariate regression. In the group of infants who developed ROP red blood cell distribution width (RDW), erythroblasts, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were higher, while mean hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were lower; higher RDW was associated with KDM1A (AA), MTHFR (CC and CC + TT), KDM1A (AA) + MTHFR (CC), and KDM1A (AA) + DNMT3B (allele C); KDM1A (AA) + MTHFR (CC) were associated with higher RDW, erythroblasts, MCV, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); higher MCV and MCH were also associated with KDM1A (AA) + MTHFR (CC) + DNMT3B (allele C). We concluded that the polymorphisms studied may influence susceptibility to ROP by modulating erythropoiesis and gene expression of the fetal/adult hemoglobin ratio.