Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scotland and nationalism: Scottish society and politics, 1707-1977

First published in 1977, Christopher Harvie's acclaimed study of Scottish culture and politics since the Union of 1707, has been extensively rewritten to bring the story up-to-date and to draw on the remarkable output of Scottish historians and writers in the 1980s. Beneath the political level, but interacting with it, Harvie sees the evolution of a civic republicanism' which, unless checked by real measures of federalism, renders the future of the Union unpromising.
CEO'S Operating Ability and the Association between Accruals and Future Cash Flows

This study investigates whether an individual CEO's operating ability, operationalized as the extent to which an individual CEO utilizes the company's assets efficiently to generate profits, explains the association between accruals and future cash flows. While this mapping can be driven by both the quality of accounting measurement and CEO operating ability, there is little empirical evidence on the latter link. After controlling for the CEO's accounting estimation ability, we find that the association between current period accruals and future cash flows is stronger when the CEO demonstrates superior operating ability. This suggests that a CEO's operating ability is an important determinant of the informativeness of current accruals for future cash flows.
COMMENTS ON THREE PAPERS ON BEER MODELS PRESENTED BY A. BÉNASSY-QUÉRE ET. AL. T. STOLPER AND M. FUENTES R. MACDONALD AND PREETHIKE DIAS

When assessing the issue of global imbalances, the relevant part in the latest G7 statement of 16 September 2006 constitutes a useful starting point. This asserts: “[…] We reaffirm that exchange rates should reflect economic fundamentals. Excess volatility and disorderly movements in exchange rates are undesirable for economic growth. We continue to monitor exchange markets closely and cooperate as appropriate. Greater exchange rate flexibility is desirable in emerging economies with large current account surpluses, especially China, for necessary adjustments to occur. […]”. The statement highlights,
Disinflation in Transition Economies: The Role of Relative Price Adjustment

In light of the persistence of moderate inflation in many transition economies, this paper analyzes whether inflation resulted from insufficiently tight financial policies and wage pressures or from the protracted adjustment of relative prices. Using a new database for 21 countries, the effect of relative price variability on inflation is estimated within a framework controlling for nominal and real shocks. Money and wage growth were the most important determinants of inflation; relative price variability had a sizable effect at high inflation during initial liberalization and a small effect at moderate inflation. Cost recovery may contribute to variability, particularly in the advanced stages of the transition.
Identifying concept from English translated Quran

Ontology learning is a field of extracting ontological elements to form ontology. Identification of concepts is the main activities within ontology learning. Diverse methods can be used to find concepts. One of the methods is using collocation learning technique. The technique used statistical scores which to test the strength of the connection between terms. In English translated Quran, single term Allah has occurred more frequently. The highest occurrences make the term Allah as concept but ignore the multi terms that related terms to Allah. This paper proposed a method to extract concept. It is based on collocation of terms related to Allah. The collocation used Ngram method. The result shows that the collocation method is able to identify terms related to Allah to be as concepts.
INVESTIGATION OF SUSPECTED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY OUTBREAK IN DECHENTSEMO CENTRAL SCHOOL, THINLEYGANG, PUNAKHA

Background: A suspected peripheral neuropathy outbreak was reported from Dechentsemo Central School, Thinleygang, Punakha, following which the investigation team was immediately dispatched in the field. Objective: The aim of investigation was to ascertain the cause and risk factor for the outbreak in order to implement control measures. Methods: A case control study was devised for the investigation to study about the past exposure or deficiencies in order to find out the suspected cause and risk factors. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls to collect information on the type of food they have consumed. The information garnered was analyzed using Chi-Square or Fischer Exact test for categorical variables and Man-Whitney U-test for quantitative variables. Results: All 17 cases were females with mean age of 13 years (SD 2.7 years). The average daily amount of thiamine intake was 0.6 mg/day for case and 0.8 mg/day for controls against the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 1.2 mg/day. Case and control patients differed significantly with respect to fat intake (p-value = 0.02), more strongly with folate and iron intake (p-value < 0.01). Conclusion: The outbreak of peripheral neuropathy in Dechentsemo Central School appears to be linked to reduced dietary intake rich in vitamin B1 coupled with low intake of folate and iron in their diet.
Mothers’ Perspectives on the Development of Their Preschoolers’ Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors and Parent-Child Relationship: Implications for Pediatric Primary Care Physicians

The study explores female caregivers’ reflections on their relationship with their child (2-5 years old) and the development of their child’s dietary and physical activity behaviors. Five, 90-minute semistructured focus groups were conducted to inquire about children’s growth, eating behaviors and routines, physical activity, personality, and the parent-child relationship. Nineteen female caregivers diverse in race/ethnicity, age, and educational attainment participated. Participants reported that they maintained a schedule, but needed to be flexible to accommodate daily responsibilities. Family, social factors, and day care routines were influences on their children’s behaviors. The main physical activity barriers were safety and time constraints. Guidance from pediatric primary care providers aimed at supporting female caregivers to build a positive foundation in their parent-child relationship, and to adopt and model healthy diet and physical activity behaviors that are respectful of schedules and barriers should be a priority for childhood obesity prevention.
[Effect of maternal antepartum psychological therapy upon early infant temperament].

OBJECTIVE To find out whether there was any change in early infant temperament after mothers had received group psychological therapy on depression and anxiety during pregnancy period. METHODS A total of 800 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, without the exclusion criteria and willing to sign the informed consent were recruited randomly from Shanghai International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital in their l6th-20th weeks of pregnancy. They were randomized into the therapy group and the control group by the doll randomization table. Women in the therapy group would have a group psychological therapy for 6 times, 1.5 hours each time, while the control group not. The group psychological therapy included therapist introduction and participatory discussion. The therapy concerned the antepartum and postpartum depression, the risk factors concerned with antepartum and postpartum depression, antepartum and postpartum anxiety, psychological defense theory, reflex training and spouse lesson. Mothers reported their babies' infant temperament by filling the early infant temperament questionnaire (EITQ) within 3 months post-delivery. RESULTS The percent of easy infant temperament type was 87.9% in the psychological therapy group and 81.7% in the hard group. And there was significant difference between two groups (chi2 = 4.530, upsilon=1, P = 0.033). And there were significant differences in the dimensions of approach-withdrawal and threshold of responsiveness in infant temperament between two groups. CONCLUSION The maternal antepartum psychological therapy can increase the ratio of easy infant temperament. And it has effects upon the temperament dimensions of approach-withdrawal and threshold of responsiveness.
A Scenarios Approach to Asset Allocation

A number of different approaches to asset allocation are used by practitioners, including purely qualitative assessment, simple mean-variance analysis, and more complex multifactor modeling. Since Markowitz published his seminal paper in 1952, however, approaches that rely on the selection of particular parametric return distributions, on summary measures of risk, and on historical data as an indicator of the future still remain widespread. Little doubt exists that such reliance has resulted in serious mismeasurement of risk and misallocation of assets. In this article, Gosling proposes an alternative approach that is important in its implications for investment philosophy and practice. The approach makes more complete use of the information available about the future and virtually forces serious consideration of different time frames, alternate outcomes, and tail risk. The depth of information provided about risk and diversification is also a principal benefit of the approach. The information is not provided by forecasting the future, but by describing what could happen. These changes have the potential to make a significant difference to long-term investment outcomes.
On the Procyclicality of Fiscal Policy: the Case of Uruguay

International empirical evidence shows that fiscal policy in developing countries is largely procyclical, opposite to what is held by neo-classical and Keynesian theories and to the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy in G-7 countries. This paper contains a thorough characterization of the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy in Uruguay. Empirical analysis shows that fiscal policy in Uruguay has been strongly procyclical during the period 19551998, in what refers both to government spending and revenue, and for the different government agencies that were studied. An important fact that should be noted is the procyclicality of the most important tax rates, as these represent the discretional component of fiscal revenues. Results show robustness to the period of analysis, which is verified by studying different subperiods. The results are also robust to the methodology used in order to characterize the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy and to the method for estimating the cyclical component of the series.
Shifts in Strategic Spatial Planning? Some Evidence from Europe and Australia

Clear-cut definitions of strategic spatial planning are rather exceptional. Therefore in this paper I use building blocks from literature (planning and business) and my experience in practice to construct a workable normative definition of the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of strategic spatial planning. Five main characteristics (selective, relational annex inclusive, integrative, visioning, and action orientated) that constitute the hard core of the ‘strategic’ in the normative view are confronted, in a first broad scan, with nine so-called strategic plans from different planning traditions in Europe (Italy, France, Spain, the Czech Republic, Belgium, and the Netherlands) and in Australia (Perth). The confrontation highlights some hesitant shifts towards the normative view but also makes it clear that there is still a long way to go.
Principal-Component Analysis of the Characteristics Desirable in Baker's Yeasts

Twenty-seven properties considered to be required for good bakery products were examined in 56 industrial and 2 laboratory yeast strains. The data obtained were applied to principal-component analysis, one of the multivariate statistical analyses. The first and second principal components together were extracted, and these accounted for 77.7% of the variance. The first principal component was interpreted as the glycolytic activity of yeast in dough, and the second one was interpreted as the balance of leavening abilities in sweet and flour doughs from the factor loadings. The scattergram on the two principal components was effective in grouping the 58 yeast strains used.
Noninvasive Localization of Maximal Frequency Sites of Atrial Fibrillation by Body Surface Potential Mapping

Background—Ablation of high-frequency sources in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is an effective therapy to restore sinus rhythm. However, this strategy may be ineffective in patients without a significant dominant frequency (DF) gradient. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sites with high-frequency activity in human AF can be identified noninvasively, which should help intervention planning and therapy. Methods and Results—In 14 patients with a history of AF, 67-lead body surface recordings were simultaneously registered with 15 endocardial electrograms from both atria including the highest DF site, which was predetermined by atrial-wide real-time frequency electroanatomical mapping. Power spectra of surface leads and the body surface location of the highest DF site were compared with intracardiac information. Highest DFs found on specific sites of the torso showed a significant correlation with DFs found in the nearest atrium (&rgr;=0.96 for right atrium and &rgr;=0.92 for left atrium) and the DF gradient between them (&rgr;=0.93). The spatial distribution of power on the surface showed an inverse relationship between the frequencies versus the power spread area, consistent with localized fast sources as the AF mechanism with fibrillatory conduction elsewhere. Conclusions—Spectral analysis of body surface recordings during AF allows a noninvasive characterization of the global distribution of the atrial DFs and the identification of the atrium with the highest frequency, opening the possibility for improved noninvasive personalized diagnosis and treatment.
Stoichiometry of the Pulsating Growth Hormone (GH) Binding to the GH-Binding Protein and the Turnover GH-Receptor

Abstract The pulsatile pattern of growth hormone (GH) secretion is synchronized with the GH-receptor (GHR) turnover and the ensuing GH-binding protein (GHBP). We investigated the effect of GH pulse frequency on the turnover of GHR, and tested the theoretical reciprocal impacts of GH, GHR, and GHBP in different species and clinical conditions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were hypophysectomized (hypox) at 35 days of age. Two groups of 16 rats received a single or two iv injections of 10 μg human GH (hGH) at an interval of 45 min. They were killed 45, 90, or 135 min after the single or second injection. A third group of 25 hypox rats were given continuous sc infusion of hGH for 6 days. Liver membranes were prepared for hGH somatogenic binding. A bolus of GH at 45-min intervals expedited GHR turnover, and continuous GH resulted in faster turnover cycles of 90 min. The impact of GHBP on GH bioactivity was then calculated in human serum by a rabbit liver membrane displacement assay. Bioactivity was diminished by GHBP with increasing GH levels up to a point, within the physiological range, where GH bioactivity is gradually restored. Finally, simulation calculation of the bound and free fraction of GH over a typical pulse in man and male rat showed the changing relations of free/bound GH. In man free hormone predominates most of the pulse, whereas in rat free GH comprised a smaller fraction. Thus, the reciprocal effects of GH on GHR turnover and GHBP generation, and that of GHBP on GH t 1/2 lead to self-perpetuation of high (mostly free) GH in downregulation of GHR and its turnover with resultant lower GHBP.
Nonlinear adjustment to purchasing power parity in G-7 countries

This study applies a simple and powerful nonlinear unit root proposed by Sollis (2009) to test the validity of long-run Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in G-7 countries over the period January 1980 to September 2008. The empirical results indicate that PPP holds true for all G-7 countries, with the exception of Canada, and the adjustment towards PPP is nonlinear but in a symmetric way. These results have important policy implications for the G-7 countries under study.
Modeling and Design Optimization of a Wideband Passive Equalizer on PCB Based on Near-End Crosstalk and Reflections for High-Speed Serial Data Transmission

We propose a closed-form analytic model for the newly presented passive equalizer using near-end crosstalk and reflections on printed circuit board (PCB). The proposed model is developed by using impulse response analysis and the Fourier transform. Based on the model, we propose a design-optimization procedure for the passive equalizer, which achieves eye-opening maximization and ISI minimization in order to maximize the equalization performance and reduce the design cycle. In the proposed optimization procedure, the eye-opening is maximized with a parameter sweep and peak distortion analysis, and the ISI is minimized by the proposed negative ISI cancellation technique. The proposed model and the design-optimization procedure are demonstrated experimentally for a data rate of 16 Gb/s on a 40-cm-long backplane PCB, and they achieve wideband equalization with a significant improvement in the voltage and timing margins of the received serial data.
The Design of an 860 KeV Pre-Accelerator for the New SIN High Current Injector Cyclotron

The new injector for the SIN 590 MeV ring cyclotron will deliver a continuous 72 MeV proton beam of more than 1 mA. The pre-accelerator for this injector is of the Cockcroft-Walton type and will incorporate some unconventional features. A 40 keV 30 mA source is decoupled from the acceleration tube by a 4 m long beam transport system. The beam line consists of two 45° bends which filter out the parasitic H2+ and H3+ beams and is dispersionless for tie remaining clean beam of protons. The acceleration tube is of a simple constant gradient type with a large aperture. Solenoids and quadrupoles are able to match the 40 keV beam to the acceptance of the tube for a wide range of intensities. A low power chopper and a 50 MHz buncher will be installed inside the dome. A 300 keV test stand with a 40 keV ion source, associated beam line and a 260 keV prototype accelerating tube is under construction.
Prolactin and the control of gonadotrophin secretion in the female.

This paper presents a review of the literature concerning the interaction between prolactin and gonadotropin release. Although the role of dopamine in the control of gonadotropin secretion is very important, other agents are involved in prolactin secretion, such as serotonin, opiate receptor agonists, and estrogens. Around the time of ovulation there is a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and changes in serum levels of prolactin, possibly due to an increase in estrogen secretion during the preovulatory period. The increase in prolactin level is probably not directly involved in normal secretion of LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) at ovulation. A rise in prolactin may simply reflect a decrease in hypothalmic secretion of dopamine. High levels of prolactin during lactation inhibit gonadotropin secretion and result in amenorrhea. Lactational amenorrhea may be dependent on the suckling stimulus experienced at breast feeding, or on hyperprolactinemia. It seems that elevated prolactin levels are sufficient to cause anovulation by inhibiting LH and FSH secretion. The author conducted tests on hyperprolactinemic male adult rats and concluded that high prolactin levels may sensitize the hypothalamus to the negative feedback effects of gonadal steroids. Further studies are needed to clarify all phenomena related to prolactin secretion and its effects on alterations of LH and FSH secretion.
Medial Approach for Corrective Osteotomy of Cubitus Varus: A Cosmetic Incision

Osteotomies described previously to correct cubitus varus had been associated with unsatisfactory results such as a prominent lateral scar and condyle and injury to the triceps. The authors evaluated the results of a medial approach for the corrective osteotomy of 14 consecutive children (mean age 8.4 years) with cubitus varus. The incision was made medially and the ulnar nerve was identified and protected. An image intensifier was used to identify the wedge. Lateral closing wedge osteotomy was performed and secured with cross K-wires, and the distal fragment was translated medially to reduce the lateral prominence. Both hyperextension and internal rotation deformity could be corrected with the osteotomy. The mean carrying angle and hyperextension of the elbow of 19.3° varus and 22.2° were corrected to 2.4° valgus and 8.8° respectively. Radiographically, the Baumann’s angle and the flexion angle were improved from 90.1° to 77.3° and 24.2° to 37.2° respectively. No patient had a prominent lateral condyle, and the operative scars were well concealed along the medial aspect of the elbow. There was one case of transient ulnar nerve paresis with residual varus.
Evaluating the benefits of vaccination when used in combination with stamping-out measures against hypothetical introductions of foot-and-mouth disease into New Zealand: a simulation study

Abstract AIMS: To evaluate the benefits of vaccination against simulated outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in New Zealand, when applied as an additional measure to stamping-out. METHODS: A simulation modelling approach was used. The study population comprised all known farms in New Zealand with FMD-susceptible livestock. Infection was seeded into three different areas of New Zealand. Transmission mechanisms included direct and indirect contacts, local spread and airborne spread. Efficacies of some of the stamping-out measures were varied. Vaccination strategies involved different start times, size and type of vaccination zone, and species vaccinated. Personnel resources for vaccination were varied as was the herd immunity profile following vaccination. Altogether, 336 models were specified, with 100 iterations conducted for each model. Generalised linear modelling and boosted regression trees were used to evaluate which variables had the biggest effect on the number of infected premises (IP), epidemic duration and area under control. RESULTS: Vaccination, when used as an adjunct to the standard stamping-out programme, significantly reduced the outbreak size. Vaccination reduced the median number of IP by 26 (95% CI=18–35), epidemic duration by 16 (95% CI=13–19) days and area under control by 474 (95% CI=250–699) km2 when there was no airborne spread; and when there was airborne spread the median reduction was 87 (95% CI=70–105) IP, 32 (95% CI=28–35) days and 898 (95% CI=665–1139) km2, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that starting vaccination 11 days after first detection of FMD produced greater benefits than starting 16 or 21 days after detection. Increasing vaccination zones resulted in increased benefits. Boosted regression tree analyses showed that the most influential variables on the outcome measures were interval to first detection, incursion location, whether there was airborne spread or not and herd immunity profile. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study showed that there are benefits to the use of vaccination in combination with a stamping-out policy for control of FMD outbreaks under New Zealand conditions. The optimal vaccination strategy was identified as being a 3–5 km radius suppressive vaccination zone deployed between 11–16 days after first detection. Vaccination had a greater benefit during larger outbreaks, such as when there was airborne transmission. The key factors which were identified from this study will help inform New Zealand’s competent authority on how best to deploy vaccination to further strengthen its approach to FMD eradication should New Zealand ever experience an outbreak.