Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The heart of the city: legacy and complexity of a modern design idea

with divine status and was adopted as state policy in both Korea and Japan. Its equivalence of the ruler with cakravartin (an ideal, universal, enlightened ruler under whom the world exists in justice and peace) was considered to bring the protection of the heavenly realm to the state, thus averting both natural and political disaster. The endowment of new temples was thus a tactical response to political reality. This combination of military and spiritual power overshadowing the city was developed to ensure stability and well-being of the state and can be seen in the rich artistic heritage of Buddhist art. Chapter 9 launches into the uncertain territory of Silla Yamato relationships with emphasis on gender in succession. Quoting the nationalist historian Hong (1995) it is suggested that there was a Silla colony in the Izumo area. Japanese archaeologists have established the existence of Silla culture at Izumo in contrast to that of Paekche in the Yamato area. However, to suggest the existence of a colony in the contemporary sense of the word harks back to the use of the literary records of both countries for contemporary territorial imperatives. The record of Yonorang and Seongyo points to the existence of such a sphere of trade relationships and technological transfer and parallels the history of the Hata family in the Yamato area. In terms of defining the scope and structure of Silla Capital, Pak Pang Ryong (2013) has produced the most recent reconstruction. This appears to conclusively support the lower population figure for the inner area of the city. However, the discovery in 2015 of a segment of the urban grid at Moryangri in the path of a new railway route has raised the possibility that the larger figure may apply to an area of settlement extending substantially beyond the Tang model. External to the currently defined grid of the city, the segment reveals the existence of a grid of the same dimensions with artefacts from the United Silla Period, reopening the debate on the form and extent of the city. Whether a direct extension of the central urban area or one of a number of satellites, archaeology has yet to reveal adequate data to draw significant conclusions. Gyeongju: The Capital of Golden Silla is a valuable addition to the growing volume of literature on the city. It provides a wealth of data on the ethnic origins of the state, much anthropological and archaeological material on its life and culture, and its relations with the surrounding states during the millennium of its role as capital. Missing, however, is analysis of the processes of urban development and the cultural, technical, and religious foundations on which the city was built. The story of the capital of Golden Silla is yet to be told.
A $D$-Band 48-Gbit/s 64-QAM/QPSK Direct-Conversion I/Q Transceiver Chipset

This paper presents design and characterization of single-chip 110-170-GHz ( D-band) direct conversion in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), realized in a 250-nm indium phosphide (InP) double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. The chipset is suitable for low-power ultrahigh-speed wireless communication and can be used in both homodyne and heterodyne architectures. The TX consists of an I/Q modulator, a frequency tripler, and a broadband three-stage power amplifier. It has single sideband (SSB) conversion gain of 25 dB and saturated output power of 9 dBm. The RX includes an I/Q demodulator with D-band amplifier and ×3 multiplier chain at the LO port. The RX provides a conversion gain of 26 dB and has noise figure of 9 dB. A 48-Gbit/s direct quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) data transmission using a 144-GHz millimeter-wave carrier signal is demonstrated with a bit error rate (BER) of 2.3 × 10 -3 and energy efficiency of 7.44 pJ/bit. An 18-Gbit/s 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal was transmitted in heterodyne mode with measured TX-to-RX error vector magnitude (EVM) of less than 6.8% and spectrum efficiency of 3.6 bit/s/Hz. The TX and RX have dc power consumption of 165 and 192 mW, respectively. The chip area of each TX and RX circuit is 1.3 × 0.9 mm2.
Congruency in the prediction of pathogenic missense mutations: state-of-the-art web-based tools

A remarkable degree of genetic variation has been found in the protein-encoding regions of DNA through deep sequencing of samples obtained from thousands of subjects from several populations. Approximately half of the 20 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms present, even in normal healthy subjects, are nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions that could potentially affect protein function. The greatest challenges currently facing investigators are data interpretation and the development of strategies to identify the few gene-coding variants that actually cause or confer susceptibility to disease. A confusing array of options is available to address this problem. Unfortunately, the overall accuracy of these tools at ultraconserved positions is low, and predictions generated by current computational tools may mislead researchers involved in downstream experimental and clinical studies. First, we have presented an updated review of these tools and their primary functionalities, focusing on those that are naturally prone to analyze massive variant sets, to infer some interesting similarities among their results. Additionally, we have evaluated the prediction congruency for real whole-exome sequencing data in a proof-of-concept study on some of these web-based tools.
Social Models Provide a Norm of Appropriate Food Intake for Young Women

It is often assumed that social models influence people’s eating behavior by providing a norm of appropriate food intake, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. In three experiments, female participants were exposed to a low-intake model, a high-intake model, or no model (control condition). Experiments 1 and 2 used a remote-confederate manipulation and were conducted in the context of a cookie taste test. Experiment 3 used a live confederate and was conducted in the context of a task during which participants were given incidental access to food. Participants also rated the extent to which their food intake was influenced by a variety of factors (e.g., hunger, taste, how much others ate). In all three experiments, participants in the low-intake conditions ate less than did participants in the high-intake conditions, and also reported a lower perceived norm of appropriate intake. Furthermore, perceived norms of appropriate intake mediated the effects of the social model on participants’ food intake. Despite the observed effects of the social models, participants were much more likely to indicate that their food intake was influenced by taste and hunger than by the behavior of the social models. Thus, social models appear to influence food intake by providing a norm of appropriate eating behavior, but people may be unaware of the influence of a social model on their behavior.
Guided Reverse Analysis of Contingent Properties

Many useful properties that might be discovered from a component in a large software system do not depend solely on the code for that component but rather are contingent upon properties of that component’s environment. This paper describes a novel approach for adapting modular analyses, based on abstract interpretation, to run in reverse direction in order to discover a property that—if assumed about the environment of a component—is sufficient to guarantee that some contingent property of that component is also satisfied. This reverse analysis is guided by the results of the original modular analysis, so that it can choose a suitable sufficient condition when there is no best one. Furthermore, the conditions that must be met by a reverse analysis are formally presented, and the process of designing a guided reverse analysis is illustrated through the development of a constant-value analysis.
What Mediates the Self-explanation Eeect? Knowledge Gaps, Schemas or Analogies?

Several studies have found that learning is more e ective when students explain examples to themselves. Although these studies show that learning and self-explanation co-occur, they do not reveal why. Three explanations have been proposed and computational models have been built for each. The gaplling explanation is that self-explanation causes subjects to detect and ll gaps in their domain knowledge. The schema formation explanation is that self-explanation causes the learner to abstract general solution procedures and associate each with a general description of the problems it applies to. The analogical enhancement explanation is that selfexplanation cause a richer elaboration of the example, which facilitates later use of the example for analogical problem solving. We claim that, in one study at least, gap lling accounts for most of the self-explanation e ect.
Spatial Ontology Instantiation for Text-to-Scene Conversion System

Spatial concepts conversion in text-to-scene conversion system is one of the essential tasks. This paper provides a hybrid method to instantiate spatial concepts. The hybrid method is on clustering, cognition and rules. The spatial ontology with instantiation by the method is tested in the experiment of object display for natural language, and gets a good result.
Making anti-de Sitter black holes

It is known from the work of Banados et al that a spacetime with event horizons (much like the Schwarzschild black hole) can be obtained from (2 + 1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space through a suitable identification of points. We point out that this can be done in 3 + 1 dimensions as well. In this way we obtain black holes with event horizons that are tori or Riemann surfaces of genus higher than one. They can have either one or two asymptotic regions (with non-standard topology). Locally, the spacetime is isometric to anti-de Sitter space.
Exploring the "overflow tap" theory: linking forest soil CO 2 fluxes and individual mycorrhizosphere components to photosynthesis

Abstract. Quantifying soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) and their dynamics accurately is crucial for better predictions of climate change feedbacks within the atmosphere-vegetation-soil system. However, the components, environmental responses and controls of the soil CO2 efflux (Rs) are still unclear and limited by field data availability. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify the contribution of the various Rs components, specifically its mycorrhizal component, (2) to determine their temporal variability, and (3) to establish their environmental responses and dependence on gross primary productivity (GPP). In a temperate deciduous oak forest in south east England hourly soil and ecosystem CO2 fluxes over four years were measured using automated soil chambers and eddy covariance techniques. Mesh-bag and steel collar soil chamber treatments prevented root or both root and mycorrhizal hyphal in-growth, respectively, to allow separation of heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) soil CO2 fluxes and the Ra components, roots (Rr) and mycorrhizal hyphae (Rm). Annual cumulative Rs values were very similar between years (740 ± 43 g C m−2 yr−1) with an average flux of 2.0 ± 0.3 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, but Rs components varied. On average, annual Rr, Rm and Rh fluxes contributed 38, 18 and 44%, respectively, showing a large Ra contribution (56%) with a considerable Rm component varying seasonally. Soil temperature largely explained the daily variation of Rs (R2 = 0.81), mostly because of strong responses by Rh (R2 = 0.65) and less so for Rr (R2 = 0.41) and Rm (R2 = 0.18). Time series analysis revealed strong daily periodicities for Rs and Rr, whilst Rm was dominated by seasonal (~150 days), and Rh by annual periodicities. Wavelet coherence analysis revealed that Rr and Rm were related to short-term (daily) GPP changes, but for Rm there was a strong relationship with GPP over much longer (weekly to monthly) periods and notably during periods of low Rr. The need to include individual Rs components in C flux models is discussed, in particular, the need to represent the linkage between GPP and Ra components, in addition to temperature responses for each component. The potential consequences of these findings for understanding the limitations for long-term forest C sequestration are highlighted, as GPP via root-derived C including Rm seems to function as a C "overflow tap", with implications on the turnover of SOC.
Association of Arsenic with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes/Infant Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Exposure to arsenic is one of the major global health problems, affecting > 300 million people worldwide, but arsenic’s effects on human reproduction are uncertain. Objectives We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between arsenic and adverse pregnancy outcomes/infant mortality. Methods We searched PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE (from 1946 through July 2013) and EMBASE (from 1988 through July 2013) databases and the reference lists of reviews and relevant articles. Studies satisfying our a priori eligibility criteria were evaluated independently by two authors. Results Our systematic search yielded 888 articles; of these, 23 were included in the systematic review. Sixteen provided sufficient data for our quantitative analysis. Arsenic in groundwater (≥ 50 μg/L) was associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion (6 studies: OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.10), stillbirth (9 studies: OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.32, 2.36), moderate risk of neonatal mortality (5 studies: OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.78), and infant mortality (7 studies: OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.62). Exposure to environmental arsenic was associated with a significant reduction in birth weight (4 studies: β = –53.2 g; 95% CI: –94.9, –11.4). There was paucity of evidence for low-to-moderate arsenic dose. Conclusions Arsenic is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality. The interpretation of the causal association is hampered by methodological challenges and limited number of studies on dose response. Exposure to arsenic continues to be a major global health issue, and we therefore advocate for high-quality prospective studies that include individual-level data to quantify the impact of arsenic on adverse pregnancy outcomes/infant mortality. Citation Quansah R, Armah FA, Essumang DK, Luginaah I, Clarke E, Marfoh K, Cobbina SJ, Nketiah-Amponsah E, Namujju PB, Obiri S, Dzodzomenyo M. 2015. Association of arsenic with adverse pregnancy outcomes/infant mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 123:412–421; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1307894
An Effective Classification Model for Cancer Diagnosis Using Micro Array Gene Expression Data

Data mining algorithms are commonly used for cancer classification. Prediction models were widely used to classify cancer cells in human body. This paper focuses on finding small number of genes that can best predict the type of cancer. From the samples taken from several groups of individuals with known classes, the group to which a new individual belongs to is determined accurately. The paper uses a classical statistical technique for gene ranking and SVM classifier for gene selection and classification. The methodology was applied on two publicly available cancer databases. SVM one-against- all and one-against-one method were used with two different kernel functions and their performances are compared and promising results were achieved.
THE EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE DATABASE: COLOR–MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS

The color–magnitude diagrams/tip of the red giant branch (CMDs/TRGB) section of the Extragalactic Distance Database contains a compilation of observations of nearby galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope. Approximately 250 (and increasing) galaxies in the Local Volume have CMDs and the stellar photometry tables used to produce them available through the Web. Various stellar populations that make up a galaxy are visible in the CMDs, but our primary purpose for collecting and analyzing these galaxy images is to measure the TRGB in each. We can estimate the distance to a galaxy by using stars at the TRGB as standard candles. In this paper, we describe the process of constructing the CMDs and make the results available to the public.
Optimized MIMO transmission and compression for interference mitigation with cooperative relay

This paper considers a novel use of device-to-device link for cooperative communication wherein a nearby user terminal acts as a relay in enabling both signal enhancement and common interference rejection at the intended destination. Assuming Gaussian transmission and Gaussian compress-and-forward relaying strategy for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay channel with a finite-capacity out-of-band relay-destination link and with arbitrarily correlated noises, this paper proposes a coordinate ascent approach for iteratively optimizing the transmit covariance matrix at the source and the quantization noise covariance matrix at the relay. We show that the optimization of quantization noise covariance matrix under fixed input can be solved in closed form using a simultaneous diagonalization approach, while the optimization of transmit covariance matrix under fixed quantization can be cast as a convex optimization problem. This paper further introduces the concept of antenna pooling and illustrates the importance of accounting for the noise correlation across the user terminals due to common interference. We show that the optimized transmission and device-to-device relaying strategies that take advantage of the noise correlation can significantly improve the user throughput in a cellular environment by enabling interference rejection across the user terminals.
A language acquisition method based on statistical machine translation for application to robots

A method based on statistical machine translation is presented that will enable robots to learn language. The proposed method is novel in two ways: (1) the language acquisition problem is formulated as a statistical machine translation problem, and (2) language-specific morphological analysis is not necessary. Promising experimental results were obtained by applying a traditional statistical machine translation method for sequence-to-sequence conversion.
Collocating CPU-only Jobs with GPU-assisted Jobs on GPU-assisted HPC

In recent years, GPU has evolved rapidly and exhibited great potential in accelerating scientific applications. Massive GPU-assisted HPC systems have been deployed. However, as a heterogeneous system, GPU-assisted HPC is harder to be programmed and utilized than conventional CPU-only system. Statistics of the Keene land system indicate that the effective utilization rate of computational resources is only about 40% when the system runs in normal condition with enough jobs in its queue. Our theoretical model shows that the lack of overlap between CPU/GPU computation is a major obstacle in the efficient utilization of heterogeneous system. In this paper, we evaluate the possibility of collocating CPU-only job with GPU-assisted job on the same node to increase overlap between CPU/GPU computation, thus achieving better utilization. Several performance compromising factors, such as resource isolation, CPU load, and GPU memory demands, are studied based on workload from popular MPI/CUDA benchmarks. The results indicate that, when those factors are managed properly, the collocated CPU-only job can efficiently scavenge the underutilized CPU resource without affecting the performance of both collocated jobs. Based on this insight, an experimental system with collocation-aware job scheduler and resource manager is proposed. With our experiment workload pool of mixed CPU and GPU jobs, the system demonstrates 15% gain in throughput and 10% gain in both CPU and GPU utilization.
Study of Various Routing Protocols in VANET

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The survey of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary for smart ITS. This paper discusses the advantages/disadvantages and the applications of various routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. It explores the motivation behind the designed, and traces the evolution of these routing protocols. This paper discusses the main 5 types of protocols for VANET Topology Based, Positioned Based, Geo Cast, Broad Cast, Cluster Based Protocols.
A novel way to divide the genome for CNV detecting in SNP arrays

Copy number variations (CNVs) are the gains or losses on the genomic DNA from several kilo-bases to hundreds of kilo-bases, which has been proven that more than 12% of genomes could be affected by such variants. Newly developed microarray technologies which were allowed to investigate copy number variants in a genome run slowly and are limited to detect small-sized CNV flexibly. Here we propose a novel way to detect CNV regions in the chromosomes quickly, which use the breakpoint method to define the aberration area. This algorithm uses the P-value of the T-test statistic to get breakpoints and defines the alteration segment. We also introduce a rule for stopping early when there is no breakpoint in the region. To detect CNVs smaller, another rule also needs to detect whether the segment needs to be divided or combined. This method is demonstrated availably on the SNP data to detect copy number alterations.
Lattice Tree Methods for Strongly Path Dependent Options

This review article summarizes the applications of the forward shooting grid method to pricing of various types of strongly path dependent options. The forward shooting grid approach is characterized by augmenting an auxiliary state vector at each node in the usual lattice tree, which serves to capture the path dependent feature of the option. Examples of path dependent derivatives considered include the lookback options, Asian options, callable convertible bonds, and call options with strike reset feature.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma: Correlation with Detailed Histologic Features and the Enhancement Ratio on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Images

Purpose. To investigate the correlation of Apperent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values in invasive ductal breast carcinomas with detailed histologic features and enhancement ratios on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Methods and Materials. Dynamic MR images and diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) of invasive ductal breast carcinomas were reviewed in 25 (26 lesions) women. In each patient, DWI, T2WI, T1WI, and dynamic images were obtained. The ADC values of the 26 carcinomas were calculated with b-factors of 0 and 1000 s/mm2 using echoplanar DWI. Correlations of the ADC values were examined on dynamic MRI with enhancement ratios (early to delayed phase: E/D ratio) and detailed histologic findings for each lesion, including cellular density, the size of cancer nests, and architectural features of the stroma (broad, narrow, and delicate) between cancer nests. Results. The mean ADC was 0.915 ± 0.151 × 10−3 mm2/sec. Cellular density was significantly correlated with ADC values (P = .0184) and E/D ratios (P = .0315). The ADC values were also significantly correlated to features of the stroma (broad to narrow, P = .0366). Conclusion. The findings suggest that DWIs reflect the growth patterns of carcinomas, including cellular density and architectural features of the stroma, and E/D ratios may also be closely correlated to cellular density.