Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Feedback Overhead for MIMO Beamforming over Time-Varying Channels

In this paper, the required amount of feedback overhead for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming over time-varying channels is presented in terms of the entropy of the feedback messages. In the case that each transmit antenna has its own power amplifier which has individual power limit, it has been known that only phase steering information is necessary to form the optimal transmit beamforming vector. Since temporal correlation exists for wireless fading channels, one can utilize the previous reported feedback messages as prior information to efficiently encode the current feedback message. Thus, phase tracking information, difference between two phase steering information in adjacent feedback slots, is sufficient as a feedback message. We show that while the entropy of the phase steering information is a constant, the entropy of the phase tracking information is a function of the temporal correlation parameter. For the phase tracking information, upperbounds on the entropy are presented in the Gaussian entropy and the von-Mises entropy by using the theory on the maximum entropy distributions. Derived results can quantify the amount of reduction in feedback overhead of the phase tracking information over the phase steering information. For application perspective, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of phase tracking beamforming over phase steering beamforming is evaluated by using Monte-Carlo simulation. Also we show that the derived entropies can determine the appropriate duration of the feedback reports with respect to the degree of the channel variation rates.
Sliding mode observer for vehicle velocity estimation with road grade and bank angles adaptation

Vehicle velocity estimation is essential for the enhancement of safety, especially for yaw stabilization systems. This paper proposes a sliding mode observer (SMO) for longitudinal and lateral velocities estimation on non-flat road based on Dugoff's tire model and nonlinear vehicle dynamics. The road grade and bank angles are considered as unknown inputs, which are reconstructed from their corresponding sliding modes by using the SMO. The stability of the SMO and robustness with respect to additive disturbances are analyzed with the help of input-to-state stability (ISS) theory. The SMO is evaluated in comparison with a nonlinear observer without road angle compensation, and its performance and robustness is validated using vehicle simulator software veDYNA under a variety of maneuvers and road conditions.
Moyal deformations of Clifford gauge theories of gravity

A Moyal deformation of a Clifford Cl(3, 1) Gauge Theory of (Conformal) Gravity is performed for canonical noncommutativity (constant Θμν parameters). In the very special case when one imposes certain constraints on the fields, there are no first-order contributions in the Θμν parameters to the Moyal deformations of Clifford gauge theories of gravity. However, when one does not impose constraints on the fields, there are first-order contributions in Θμν to the Moyal deformations in variance with the previous results obtained by other authors and based on different gauge groups. Despite that the generators of U(2, 2),SO(4, 2),SO(2, 3) can be expressed in terms of the Clifford algebra generators this does not imply that these algebras are isomorphic to the Clifford algebra. Therefore one should not expect identical results to those obtained by other authors. In particular, there are Moyal deformations of the Einstein–Hilbert gravitational action with a cosmological constant to first-order in Θμν. Finally, we provide a mechanism which furnishes a plausible cancellation of the huge vacuum energy density.
The Pure Theory of Muggery

In known correlation apparatus for identifying the delay between two signals, the current polarity of the lagging signal is repeatedly compared with sets of successively earlier samples of the polarity of the leading signal which are temporarily stored in a binary word register, the results are counted for each digit position of the word, and a signal is generated indicating the position for which the count first reaches a given value. Such apparatus is improved by using as the register a plurality of serially connected shift registers which are operated at different integrally related speeds.
BSE: Risk, Science, and Governance

1. Introduction 2. Analysing the role of science in public policy-making 3. The evolution of UK's agriculture and food policy regimes 4. A new cattle disease 5. The Southwood Working Party 6. Regulatory rigor mortis 7. BSE policy in Continental Europe 8. The aftermath of 20 March 1996 9. BSE and the partial reform of food policy making 10. Summary and conclusions Bibliography Index
An Analytical Approach to Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Tuning of Lossy Microwave Coupled Resonator Filters

This paper presents a novel analytical approach to extracting of the coupling matrix of a narrow band general Chebyshev bandpass filter with losses. The approach is very useful for computer aided tuning of a microwave bandpass filter. The concept of phase loading is revealed for the first time in the community of computer aided tuning. The analytical approach consists of three elements: 1) a theoretic formula that leads to a practical scheme for determining the phase loading; 2) a theoretic formula for de-embedding the section of unknown transmission lines at the two ports of a filter; and 3) a theory for determining the unloaded Q of a filter if the loss for each resonator is nearly the same. To make the approach easy to use, some practical techniques for reconstructing rational functions of Y-parameters from a set of filter response are also provided in the paper. The proposed diagnosis approach is applicable to a general coupled resonator filter with losses and therefore can be effectively used in computer aided tuning of high order filters with cross couplings.
An architecture for adaptive coordination of heterogeneous agents

We present a novel architecture to design multi–agent systems. Each agent is described by features that can dynamically change, while it is participating to the common activity. Basing on these features, a coordination system assigns agents to jobs and schemas, i.e., complex activities which require the collaboration of more than one agent. The coordination system can be distributed on the agent network, according to their communication possibilities, which may dynamically change. The whole architecture is designed to host learning and adaptation mechanisms, that ensure robustness of the multi-agent system operating in dynamical environments.
Star algebra projectors

Surface states are open string field configurations which arise from Riemann surfaces with a boundary and form a subalgebra of the star algebra. We find that a general class of star algebra projectors arise from surface states where the open string midpoint reaches the boundary of the surface. The projector property of the state and the split nature of its wave-functional arise because of a non-trivial feature of conformal maps of nearly degenerate surfaces. Moreover, all such projectors are invariant under constant and opposite translations of their half-strings. We show that the half-string states associated to these projectors are themselves surface states. In addition to the sliver, we identify other interesting projectors. These include a butterfly state, which is the tensor product of half-string vacua, and a nothing state, where the Riemann surface collapses.
Active and Inactive Nucleoprotein Filament RecA Protein Function via Modulation of Deinococcus radiodurans Regulation of DNA and Chromosomes

10.1074/jbc.M113. 459230 Access the most updated version of this article at doi: . JBC Affinity Sites Find articles, minireviews, Reflections and Classics on similar topics on the Alerts: When a correction for this article is posted • When this article is cited • to choose from all of JBC's e-mail alerts Click here http://www.jbc. org/content/288/29/21351.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 98 references, 49 of which can be accessed free at
Modeling Cognitive Control in Mental Spatial Knowledge Processing

Human reasoning about spatial problems, like, for example, planning a route or designing a building, can be conceived as arising from—at least—three func tionally distinct components: Long-term memory, working memory, and an externaliza tion component.Long-term memory permanently retains all of the spatial knowledge a person has encountered and encoded previously. This knowle dge may be retrieved from long-term memory (i.e., remembered), whenever the informatio n already available regarding the current problem is not sufficient to solv e it. In working memory information from long-term memory is combined with information obtained by inference and/or from the environment. The information res iding in working memory is the basis for any inferences drawn during the problem solving process. In contrast to long-term memory, however, working memory is rather transient and can only hold a limited amount of information (e.g., Miller, 1956). Therefore, to facilitate spatial knowledge processing humans often use e xternal knowledge representations like maps or blueprints to reduce the amount of in formation to be held in working memory (e.g., Verstijnen, Leeuwen, Goldschmidt, Hamel, & Hennessey, 1998). It is the function of the externalization component to realize the exchange of knowledge between external representations a nd working memory. Consequently, in developing a computational model of mental spatial knowledge processing all three components need to be realized. Furthermore, the implementation of the components has to be cognitively plausible, i.e., in accord with findings from psychological experiments. Yet, developing the single compo nents, although crucial, is not enough. Rather, in addition, the interplay of the components has to be—somehow—controlled. Otherwise there would be no guar antee that the different components would work together, reasonably comple menting each other, while some certain spatial problem is solved. Accordingly, to co mplete the computational model, some control mechanism has to be implemented. In particular, as with the components themselves, the control mechanism shou ld be cognitively plausible. Thus, the question arises how such a control mec hanism could be realized. The aim of my PhD work is to answer this question.
Leishmania promastigotes: building a safe niche within macrophages

Upon their internalization by macrophages, Leishmania promastigotes inhibit phagolysosome biogenesis. The main factor responsible for this inhibition is the promastigote surface glycolipid lipophosphoglycan (LPG). This glycolipid has a profound impact on the phagosome, causing periphagosomal accumulation of F-actin and disruption of phagosomal lipid microdomains. Functionally, this LPG-mediated inhibition of phagosome maturation is characterized by an impaired assembly of the NADPH oxidase and the exclusion of the vesicular proton-ATPase from phagosomes. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge concerning the nature of the intra-macrophage compartment in which Leishmania donovani promastigotes establish infection. We also describe how LPG enables this parasite to remodel the parasitophorous vacuole.
Woodpeckers : distribution, conservation, and research in a global perspective

The main aim of this paper is to examine and discuss the global pattern of woodpecker diversity from a conservation perspective. In addition, I review ecological traits and the conservation status of the entire family Picidae, and relate these factors to the human driven change in their habitats. Finally, I present a global overview of the research on woodpeckers in order to identify the major gaps in our knowledge which render the management of populations of these species difficult. The hotspots of woodpecker species richness identified by GIS were found in tropical and subtropical forests of South-East Asia, South and Central America, and equatorial Africa. Most of these hotspots were located in developing countries. However, almost 90% of articles published in 1985-2004 encompassed studies performed in North America and Europe, that is, in geographic areas harbouring only 17% of the global number of Picidae species.
Effect of Androsterone after Pilocarpine-induced Status Epilepticus in Mice

Background and Purpose: Neurosteroids exert their antiepileptic effects via GABAA and NMDA receptors. Another cell death mechanism is excessive Ca2+ influx into cells. Calbindin-D28k (CB) is a protein that modulates intracellular Ca2+ in the nervous system. We evaluated whether androsterone up-regulates the expression of CB and has a neuroprotective effect by controlling Ca2+ after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in mice. Methods: SE was induced in ICR mice by injection of pilocarpine. Two hours after SE, mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with androsterone (100–200 mg/kg) or vehicle, and compared with other control groups. Two days after injection, immunohistochemical staining for CB was performed using a hippocampal slice from each mice group. We also used cresyl violet staining to compare changes in hippocampal structures. Results: Two days after pilocarpine-induced SE, androsterone increased the expression of CB in the hippocampus compared with control SE mice. The number of CB-positive cells was 1±0.4 cells/mm3 in pilocarpine-only group, 14±1.1 cells/mm3 in pilocarpine plus androsterone 100 mg group and 29±2.5 cells/mm3 in pilocarpine plus androsterone 200 mg group (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of androsterone after pilocarpine- induced SE may be mediated by an increased expression of CB.
Ieee Ipas'14: International Image Processing Applications and Systems Conference 2014 Off-line Signature Verification Systems: Recent Advances

— We present in this paper a state of the latest advances in the field of offline handwritten signature verification. We describe the main approaches that have been proposed in the recent decades. Besides, we introduce the database of static signatures published in the literature as well as international competitions organized in the domain. Also, we present our contribution in the field. I. INTRODUCTION The purpose of Handwritten Signature Verification System (HSVS) is to verify the identity of an individual, based on the analysis of their signature through a process capable of distinguishing between an authentic signature from a forged one [1].
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE RAPID MEASUREMENT OF THE ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE OF WIND INSTRUMENTS

The input acoustic impedance of musical wind instruments necessarily has a dramatic variation with frequency. Our technique uses an acoustic current source whose output is calibrated on a purely resistive load, provided by a ‘semi-infinite’ cylindrical pipe. The frequencies, amplitudes and phases of the sinusoidal components in the stimulus are chosen explicitly to provide the desired frequency resolution and range, and also to optimise the signal to noise ratio. A stimulus waveform is then synthesized from this set of frequency components. The acoustic current is produced using a loudspeaker coupled to the system under study via an exponential horn and an acoustic attentuator with a large acoustic impedance. This allows rapid, high precision measurements over a wide dynamic range. This permits us to investigate the air-jet family of instruments, which operate at the minima in impedance, and which require therefore a large dynamic range in measurement. We have conducted a detailed study of some members of this family. Aspects of the sound and playing behaviour of the instrument in any particular configuration or fingering can often be explained by the frequency dependence of the impedance, in particular the frequencies, depths, bandwidths and harmonicities of the impedance minima which together determine a playing regime. INTRODUCTION Acoustic impedance Z(f) is the (complex) ratio of acoustic pressure to acoustic volume flow. The importance of the impedance spectrum of the bore of a wind instrument upon the intonation, timbre and stability of its notes has been known for decades. Until recently, detailed comparative studies have often been complicated by the either the time taken for time domain or swept frequency methods (e.g. Gibiat and Laloe, 1990; Keefe et al, 1992) or inadequate dynamic range. The requirement to measure such a spectrum for every useful combination of keys (several dozens for woodwinds) makes rapid measurements desirable. The air jet family of instruments (flutes, recorders, ocarinas, shakuhachi, quena etc) poses a particular problem for the measurement of acoustic impedance, which may explain why there is very little published material about Z(f) for this family. These instruments are driven by an air jet, so the bore of the instrument is open to the air at the input. Consequently, the minima of Z(f) are of acoustic importance. The variation in Z(f) in a musical instrument is quite large (typically 60-70 dB) and so a large dynamic range is needed. The situation for ‘closed’ instruments such as the reeds (the other woodwinds) and the lip-reeds (brass) is quite different. These instruments operate at impedance maxima, for which the sound pressure is of course
Sparse Random Approximation and Lossy Compression

We discuss a method for sparse signal approximation, which is based on the correlation of the target signal with a pseudo-random signal, and uses a modification of the greedy matching pursuit al- gorithm. We show that this approach provides an ef- ficient encoding-decoding method, which can be used also for lossy compression and encryption purposes. correlation of the target signal with a pseudo-random sig- nal, and uses a modification of the greedy matching pur- suit algorithm. We show that this approach provides an efficient encoding-decoding method, with good computa- tional speed and low memory requirements, which also can be used for lossy compression and encryption pur- poses.
Reducing the Energy Demand of Multi-Dwelling Units in a Mediterranean Climate Using Solar Protection Elements

It is known that glazed openings are very important elements in the energetic behavior of buildings, especially in Mediterranean climates where there are many hours of solar radiation. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of solar protection on the energy demand of public housing structures in these climates. To this end, the reduction in energy demand achieved by fixed solar protectors in combination with mobile protectors (blinds) was quantified, including an evaluation of the influence of their geometry, dimensions, degree of openness, and the orientation of the opening. To analyze and quantify energetic demand, a block of public housing units in a neighborhood of Seville (latitude 37°23' N) was used as a model. This block is typical of public housing in the Mediterranean region. Simulated energetic models were created using DesignBuilder, achieving reductions in the annual energy demand from 10% to 27% according to the orientation chosen. The results and conclusions of the study are applicable to new construction, energetic rehabilitation projects, and/or the improvement of existing buildings.
Furosemide-sensitive Na and K fluxes in human red cells. Net uphill Na extrusion and equilibrium properties

This paper reports experiments designed to find the concentrations of internal and external Na and K at which inward and outward furosemide- sensitive (FS) Na and K fluxes are equal, so that there is no net FS movement of Na and K. The red cell cation content was modified by using the ionophore nystatin, varying cell Na (Nai) from 0 to 34 mM (K substitution, high-K cells) and cell K (Ki) from 0 to 30 mM (Na substitution, high-Na cells). All incubation media contained NaCl (Nao = 130 or 120 nM), and KCl (Ko = 0-30 mM). In high-K cells, incubated in the absence of Ko, there was net extrusion of Na through the FS pathway. The net FS Na extrusion increased when Nai was increased. Low concentrations of Ko (0-6 mM) slightly stimulated, whereas higher concentrations of Ko inhibited, FS Na efflux. Increasing Ko stimulated the FS Na influx (K0.5 = 4 mM). Under conditions similar to those that occur in vivo (Nai = 10, Ki = 130, Nao = 130, Ko = 4 mM, Cli/Clo = 0.7), net extrusion of Na occurs through the FS pathway (180-250 mumol/liter cell X h). The concentration of Ko at which the FS Na influx and efflux and the FS K influx and efflux become equal increased when Nai increased in high-K cells and when Ki was increased in high-Na cells. The net FS Na and K fluxes both approached zero at similar internal and external Na and K concentrations. In high-K cells, under conditions when net Na and K fluxes were near zero, the ratio of FS Na to FS K unidirectional flux was found to be 2:3. In high-K cells, the empirical expression (Nai/Nao)2(Ki/Ko)3 remained at constant value (apparent equilibrium constant, Kappeq +/- SEM = 22 +/- 2) for each set of internal and external cation concentrations at which there was no net Na flux. These results indicate that in the physiological region of concentrations of internal and external Na, K, and Cl, the stoichiometry of the FS Na and K fluxes is 2 Na:3 K. In high-Na cells under conditions when net FS Na and K fluxes were near zero, the ratio of FS Na to FS K unidirectional fluxes was 3:2 (1). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
CRISPR–Cas9-assisted recombineering in Lactobacillus reuteri

Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease protect bacteria and archeae from foreign DNA by site-specific cleavage of incoming DNA. Type-II CRISPR–Cas systems, such as the Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR–Cas9 system, can be adapted such that Cas9 can be guided to a user-defined site in the chromosome to introduce double-stranded breaks. Here we have developed and optimized CRISPR–Cas9 function in the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475. We established proof-of-concept showing that CRISPR–Cas9 selection combined with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) recombineering is a realistic approach to identify at high efficiencies edited cells in a lactic acid bacterium. We show for three independent targets that subtle changes in the bacterial genome can be recovered at efficiencies ranging from 90 to 100%. By combining CRISPR–Cas9 and recombineering, we successfully applied codon saturation mutagenesis in the L. reuteri chromosome. Also, CRISPR–Cas9 selection is critical to identify low-efficiency events such as oligonucleotide-mediated chromosome deletions. This also means that CRISPR–Cas9 selection will allow identification of recombinant cells in bacteria with low recombineering efficiencies, eliminating the need for ssDNA recombineering optimization procedures. We envision that CRISPR–Cas genome editing has the potential to change the landscape of genome editing in lactic acid bacteria, and other Gram-positive bacteria.