Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green energy sources (GES) selection based on multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA)

Purpose – Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel consumption is a big challenge on the view of global warming and climate changes caused by greenhouse gases as per recent scientific reports. This paper aims to identify the major challenges of green energy sources (GES) to the future power systems and suggests an appropriate GES based on the preference by the decision maker on the various issues to meet these challenges.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed work presents a multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) – the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the GES – photovoltaic (PV), wind generator (WG), biomass (BM) and micro‐hydel (MH) and to find the appropriate selection in general, by evaluating its main operational characteristic. In this research, the choices of the green energy alternatives on the basis of various factors have been taken into consideration. MATLAB simulation of different criteria to ascertain their clear‐cut effects on GES selection under multiple uncertaint.
Announced layoffs: Their effect on corporate financial performance

Conventional wisdom holds that when a firm gets into trouble due to lagging sales and rising costs, cutting the size of the organization to reduce fat and waste is a normal and effective response. In this study, evidence was found to suggest that just the opposite might be true. The financial performance of Fortune 100 companies was tracked over a five-year period—two years prior to the announced layoff, the year of the layoff announcement, and two years following it. Contrary to expectations, the results indicate that financial performance worsened, rather than improved, following announced layoffs. Strategic and human resource implications for the management of corporate downsizing are provided.
THE IMPACT OF SORP2 ON THE UK CHARITABLE SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Charities and voluntary organisations represent an increasingly important sector of the British economy. There are now over 175,000 charities registered with the Charity Commission in England and Wales (Charities Aid Foundation, 1990, p. 6). This excludes Scottish and other charities (such as churches and universities) which are exempt from compulsory registration and a large number of charities which have not registered. From approximately £7bn in 1980 (Charities Aid Foundation, 1987), the sector’s income had risen to about £15bn in 1989 (Accountancy, July 1989, p. 16), equivalent to approximately £8.7bn at 1980 prices, an increase in real terms in excess of 20 per cent. However, despite their economic importance, there has been comparatively little attention paid to the provision of an adequate monitoring and control system, which would enable the performance of individual charities to be effectively evaluated and inter-charity comparisons to be made (see, for example, Smith, 1990). External financial reporting, in particular, has been characterised by a diversity of accounting practices and a paucity of accounting guidelines. The traditional lack of regulation within the charity sector has, however, been challenged recently. In May 1988, the introduction of SORP2 (Statement of Recommended Accounting Practice 2) brought a measure of authoritative guidance to the sector (ASC, 1998a). SORP2 is thus a watershed in the development of accounting practices within the charity sector and to reduce ‘the (current) diversity in accounting practice and presentation’ (ASC, 1988a).
Off to a Cold Start: New York University's 2013 Knowledge Base Population Systems

New York University submitted two runs this year: a KBP Slot Filling run and a Cold Start run. The Slot Filling run used the same system as last year (Min et al. 2012), with only the minimal changes needed to address the revised specifications. These included changes in the provenance information and collapsing employee_of and member_of slots. We included the confidence estimation step (Li and Grishman 2013) which had been implemented last year after the official run and was described in last year's proceedings (Min et al. 2012).
A Dynamic Analysis of Deprivation for Spain

This paper analyses the evolution of poverty and deprivation. Besides, the study is focused on “consistent poverty”, defined as the combination of income and living conditions. In the poverty literature, other papers show high exit and re-entry rates depending on temporary income shocks. Since deprivation is a less mobile phenomenon, one would expect that there were few transitions. These conclusions are tested by using latent and mixed Markov models. This study is based on the ECHP data for Spain (1994-2001).
Government and Economic Growth in the Less Developed Countries: An Empirical Study for 1960-1980

Adam Smith founded modern economics with a powerful argument that free markets are the best route to prosperity and economic growth. His conclusion has been studied and debated by economists ever since, including Nobel Prize winners Friedman, Hayek, Kuznets, Lewis, Myrdal, and Schultz. Whatever economists have concluded, since World War II the majority of the less developed countries seem to have opted for extensive government regulation of the private sector and for a large public sector. Has the large government role slowed or accelerated the growth of LDCs? Obviously, this is an important issue. This study looks at government expenditure, revenue raising, and regulation. Greater emphasis is put on expenditure because (1) the revenue raised is presumably a function of the level of expenditure, and (2) there are few internationally comparable measures of regulation. There are virtually no empirical studies of the general impact of government on economic growth. An extensive literature search turned up only three papers. Gemmell analyzed the impact of nonmarket sector growth on various measures of macroeconomic performance for 27 LDCs and developed countries for 1960 and 1970. He drew no general conclusions about the relation between the size of the nonmarket sector and economic growth. ' Marsden found a negative relation between tax/GDP ratios and economic growth for a cross section of 20 LDCs and developed countries for the 1970-79 period.2 I found a negative relationship between the share of government consumption expenditure in GDP and the growth of per capita GDP for a cross section of 96 LDCs and developed countries over various time periods between 1961 and 1976.3 This paper extends the approach used in my 1983 article.
Copy-move forgery detection by using HSV preprocessing and keypoint extraction

One of the major problems in the field of image forensics is to identify the authenticity of the particular image. Image forensics plays vital role if the images are to be used as an evidence in an important judgments like in court of law. For such forensic analysis many researches have been carried out in the literature. In this paper we have proposed an approach to detect the copy-move forgery which is termed as Copy-Move Forgery Detection (CMFD) in the literature. Given a forged image, we convert it to HSV (Hue, Saturation, and Value) representation. We extract the keypoints using SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) and match the keypoints. Thereafter, we cluster the keypoints and final detection is carried out based on it. The detailed experimental results are shown to validate the successful detection of cloned regions. Also our method legitimately gives good results to the images which are geometrically transformed and multi-cloned.
Rethinking Political Process in Technological Change: Socio-technical Configurations and Frames

The political process perspective has done much to enhance our understanding of the organizational effects of technological change as a negotiated outcome reflecting the political and power dynamics of the adopting context. In so doing, we suggest, technology has been marginalized as an analytical category and the problem of change agency, although better understood, remains largely unresolved. This article addresses these issues through the articulation of the concepts of socio-technical configurations and technological frames and explores their utility in understanding change agency through an action research project. The project sought a novel form of 'socio-technology' transfer, taking ideas and concepts of 'human-centered' manufacturing embodied in team-based cellular manufacture from a European context into three firms in Australia.
Sufficiency Economy Matrices: Multi-Period Optimization for Local Development Planners

Unprecedented resource, economic, and social constraints now require social and economic planners to view 5-year plans as a problem of constrained optimization. Analyses of social accounting matrices have typically been limited to multiplier analyses, which proceed by trial and error and largely ignore such constraints. Lagrangians expressly take constraints into account, but become impracticable as the number of production, sales, consumption, investment, government, and trading activities multiplies; resource and ethical constraints increase; and decision makers become increasingly leery of downside risk. MOTAD programming models are an effective way to analyze complex decisions of this type, but they have not been applied to social accounting matrices in the past, nor have they included such ethical principles as those contained in Thailand's Sufficiency Economy philosophy. This research applies constrained optimization, risk programming, and the sufficiency economy philosophy to a case study of a sub-district in Northern Thailand. A seven-step process takes local decision-makers and planners from their current sub-optimal, unprotected situation to an optimal, "immunized" 5-year plan. Shadow price analyses, sufficiency economy indicators and parametric programming are also integrated into the 7-step procedure.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of obstructed (apnea) or reduced (hypopnea) airflow in the upper airway during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea results in variable arterial oxygen desaturations and arousals leading to sleep fragmentation. Most patients with OSA first come to the attention of a clinician when they complain of daytime sleepiness or when their bed partner reports loud snoring and witnessed episodes. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with impaired quality of life, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and motor vehicle accidents, yet the disorder remains undiagnosed in a significant portion of the population. Overnight polysomnography, whether facility-based or portable, is required for appropriate patient diagnosis. Portable monitoring can be used in patients with a high pre-test probability for moderate-to-severe OSA, who are without significant comorbidities. Management of OSA requires a long-term multidisciplinary approach. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Oral appliances may be indicated in patients with mild-to-moderate OSA who do not wish to use CPAP. Surgical therapy is generally reserved for selected patients in whom CPAP or oral appliance are not an option.
Analysis of Time-Varying Coherence of EEG during Face Recognition Based on Harmonic Transform

Distinct cortical activity during face recognition was reported by a number of studies. Classical coherence analysis reflects the synchronization between two random processes in certain frequency under the assumption that the signals are stationary. In EEG study, the coherence analysis is mainly used to analyze the coupling and drive-response relation about the brain activities in different regions. Classical coherence analysis can extract the rhythmic consistency of the EEG activities in different regains. However, classical coherence can not extract the transient synchrony characteristics of brain activities. In order to track the spatial-temporal characteristics of EEG activities during cognitive conception, the time-varying coherence analysis is proposed. The EEG of 10 participants was recorded during recognition of familiar and unfamiliar faces, experiment results show that there is obvious difference about the model of information communication between temporal region and other brain regions in alpha rhythm during cognitive processing
A Method for Predicting Wikipedia Editors' Editing Interest: Based on a Factor Graph Model

Recruiting or recommending appropriate potential Wikipedia editors to edit a specific Wikipedia entry or article can play an important role in improving the quality and credibility of Wikipedia. According to empirical observations based on a small-scale dataset collected from Wikipedia, this paper proposes an Interest Prediction Factor Graph IPFG model, which is characterized by editor's social properties, hyperlinks between Wikipedia entries, the categories of an entry and other important features, to predict an editor's editing interest in types of Wikipedia entries. Furthermore, the paper suggests a parameter learning algorithm based on the gradient descent algorithm and the Loopy Sum-Product algorithm for factor graphs. An experiment on a Wikipedia dataset with different frequencies of data collection shows that the average prediction accuracy F1 score of the IPFG model for data collected quarterly could be up to 0.875, which is approximately 0.49 higher than that of a collaborative filtering approach. In addition, the paper analyzes how incomplete social properties and editing bursts affect the prediction accuracy of the IPFG model. The authors' results can provide insight into effective Wikipedia article tossing and can improve the quality of special entries that belong to specific categories by means of collective collaboration.
The Management Of Research And Development And The Relevance Of Financial Accounting

This study investigates alternatives to current financial accounting treatment of research and development expenditures in United States public corporations. A questionnaire survey was sent to members of the Financial Directors Network of the Industrial Research Institute of America, representing over forty percent of private research and development in the United States. Background research and the survey indicate that if the financial reporting of research and development is modified, research and development will increase and a shift from short? term to long? term projects will occur; and finally United States public corporations will more effectively compete in the international markets.
Income, Wealth, and the Economic Well-Being of Farm Households.

Agricultural policy is rooted in the 1930s notion that providing transfers of money to the farm sector translates into increased economic well-being of farm families. This report shows that changes in income for the farm sector or for any particular group of farm businesses do not necessarily reflect changes confronting farm households. Farm households draw income from various sources, including off-farm work, other businesses operated, and increasingly nonfarm investments. Likewise, focus on a single indicator of well-being, like income, overlooks other indicators such as the wealth held by the household and the level of consumption expenditures for health care, food, housing, and other items. Using an expanded definition of economic well-being, we show that farm households as a whole are relatively better off than the average U.S. household, but that about 6 percent remain economically disadvantaged relative to the rest of the population.
The Demand For Money: Preliminary Evidence from Industrial Countries

During the past few years several money demand functions have been estimated for the United States. Although these functions may differ on the precise specification of the independent variables, most agree on their crude identity. Thus almost all functions include an income or wealth constraint and an interest rate price. Such functions have been applied exhaustively to data for various periods in United States history, both for the long run and for the short run. With few notable exceptions, the results differ more in degree than in substance. The quantity of money demanded is estimated to be a positive function of the constraint and a negative function of price. The studies have, however, overlooked an important body of possible collaborative evidence–that for other industrial countries. It may be reasonable to assume that the same basic forces underlie the demand for money in all industrial countries, it is of interest to contrast money demand functions for these countries with those obtained for the United States. This paper estimates demand functions for leading industrial countries and evaluates the results. No new theory is developed; rather, existing models are fitted to additional data to test their applicability to other countries.
Altered skin development and impaired proliferative and inflammatory responses in transgenic mice overexpressing the glucocorticoid receptor

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent inhibitors of epidermal proliferation and effective anti‐inflammatory compounds, which make them the drug of choice for a wide range of inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin disorders. GC action is mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). To study the role of GR in skin development and the molecular mechanisms underlying its action, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing GR in epidermis and other stratified epithelia, under the control of the keratin K5 promoter. Newborn mice show altered skin development, manifested as variable‐sized skin lesions that range from epidermal hypoplasia and underdeveloped dysplastic hair follicles to a complete absence of this tissue. In the most affected individuals, skin was absent at the cranial and umbilical regions, and the vibrissae and eyebrows appear scarce, short, and curly. In addition, as a consequence of transgene expression in other ectodermally derived epithelia, K5‐GR mice exhibited further abnormalities that strikingly resemble the clinical findings in patients with ectodermal dysplasia, which includes aplasia cutis congenita. In adult transgenic skin, topical application of the tumor promoter TPA did not elicit hyperplasia or transcriptional induction of several proinflammatory cytokines. This anti‐inflammatory role of GR was due at least in part to interference with NF‐κB, leading to a strong reduction in the κB‐binding activity without altering the transcriptional levels of the inhibitor IκBα.
Tourism Blogging Motivations

Chinese tourists, who are increasingly traveling out of Asia independently, need trustworthy and readily available information sources. This study explores the motives of Chinese tourists who have invested considerable time (mostly more than a week) in creating information-rich, influential, and interactive online travel blogs—effectively creating personalized little “Lonely Planets” that serve these growing information needs. This study assesses the demographic characteristics of the “Lonely Planets” creators, the features of their blogging behavior, and the motivations for the involvement. It reveals six motive categories: “positive self-enhancement through online social connection,” “altruism: being helpful to fellow travelers,” “social status issues,” “personal status and achievement,” “self-documentation and sharing,” and “hedonic enjoyment of blogging. ” Superficially, these motivations seem to be similar with previous Western studies of blogging behavior, but significant contextual and cultural issues exist and are explained. Management implications and future research arising from the current study are provided.
Locus of Control and Location Privacy: An Empirical Study in Singapore

Abstract Privacy concerns are particularly salient for Location-Based Services (LBS), because LBS could potentially associate the lifestyle habits, behaviors, and movements with a consumer's personal identity. Drawing on psychological control literature, we conducted an experiment to test: i) whether the presence of privacy assurance approaches has a considerable influence on alleviating consumers' privacy concerns, and ii) whether such influence will be moderated by the individual difference variable - locus of control (LOC). Three different privacy assurance approaches were manipulated in the study, and their effects on consumers' privacy concerns were examined. Results demonstrate the importance of LOC in moderating the effects of privacy assurance approaches on alleviating consumers' privacy concerns. We believe that the marriage of the privacy and social psychology literature may provide a rich understanding of consumers' privacy reactions to LBS usage, and therefore benefit the privacy research in Information Systems (IS) discipline.
Emergence of Organic Farming under Imperfect Competition: Economic Conditions and Incentives

This article explores the economic conditions for the viability of organic farming in a context of imperfect competition. While most research dealing with this issue has adopted an empirical approach, we propose a theoretical foundation. Farmers have a choice between two technologies, the conventional one using two complementary inputs, chemicals and seeds, and the organic one only requiring organic seeds. The upstream markets are oligopolistic and the firms adopt Cournot behavior. The game is solved backward. The equilibrium repartition of the farmers between both sectors is obtained by a free entry condition. Since multiple equilibria could exist, including the non emergence of organic farming, we spell out viability conditions for organic farming. Then, using an "infant industry" argument, we propose several public policy instruments able to support the development of organic farming, and assess their relative efficiency. Results could be useful to assess the conditions of emergence and viability of agricultural innovations in analogous contexts.
Policy Harmonization: The Example of Global Antidoping Policy

The article provides an analysis of the transition of antidoping policy from a series of relatively discrete processes, confined to individual sports, events, or countries, to a global policy that comprises a complex network of relationships involving governmental and nongovernmental organizations. Regime theory is used to examine the nature of the policy process at the international level, focusing particularly on the difficulties of defining the objective of harmonization and of achieving compliance. The characteristics of the regime are identified, and issues of resource dependence, capacity building, verification of compliance, and the increasing centrality of government to policy implementation are examined. Despite the constant risk of defection and the tensions within the regime, the conclusion is drawn that the regime should not be deemed ineffective. Increasing effectiveness, however, is likely to occur at the cost of progressive marginalization of sports organizations.
Which Are the Real Determinants of Tenure? A Comparative Analysis of Different Models of the Tenure Choice of a House

Tenure choice is closely bound to other vital individual decisions of great importance not only for the individual but also for the country in which he or she resides. The present paper includes a comparison of the different approaches that have been used in the economic literature in the analysis of the individual’s housing tenure choice. According to their dependent variable, the different models can be divided into: those whose dependent variable is tenure (classical models, ‘recent movers’ models and sequential models) and those in which the dependent variable is transition from renting to the position of ownership (duration models and ‘choice-based’ models). Results show the best performance for the models in which the variable to be explained is the transition from renting to ownership and highlight real determinants of tenure (life-cycle variables) and transition (life-cycle variables, prices and transaction costs). Finally, marital status stands out as the variable with the highest incidence.