Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Medication Non Adherence in Type 2 Sudanese Diabetic Patients

Background: Medications non-adherence is responsible for treatment failure and a reason of higher cost of medical care. It had been proved that, in general, diabetic patients are non-adherent to their treatment and only a small number of them were found to be adhering with all aspects of diabetic care. Objectives: To assess and evaluate the most common factors associated with medications adherence among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients attending Ribat University Hospital Diabetic Clinic (RUHDC) Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: Single Centre Descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was carried out among 351 patients using structured questionnaire and patients cards. Results: A total of 351 patients were recruited in the study; 65.8% were females. About 64.4% were on oral medications and 35.6% on insulin. Adherence to medications among total Type 2 DM patients was 45%. Main barriers to medication adherence were drugs unavailability (34.3%) and forgetfulness (30.7%). Medications knowledge was 41.2% for patients on oral medications and 38.4% for insulin users. Conclusion: Adherence to anti-diabetic drugs in this study was found to be sub-optimal but considered reasonable in comparison with that reported by many African countries. Poor medications knowledge, drug brand unavailability and forgetfulness were the main reasons for medications non adherence. Family support, improving healthcare system and changing patents’ behavior will be needed to improve medications adherence.
Design method of a planar static balancer using a motion matrix

This paper presents a design method of a static balancer using a motion matrix, which represents possible joint motions of a target mechanism. When the space mapping method is applied, several computations (e.g., partial differentiation of the potential energy function and decomposition of eigenvalues) are necessary. We suggest a design method that the mapping matrix of the space mapping method is derived from the motion matrix with no computations. The motion matrix is determined from the concept of mobility and connectivity. The motion matrix is modified in the viewpoint of static balancing to obtain the mapping matrix. It is also shown that a mapping matrix is generated by combining motion matrices. The proposed design method using the motion matrix is verified with planar mechanisms.
Investigation of the separation zone for split-domain light field visualization

Light field visualization commonly provides a single content over the entire field of view. However, the angularly-selective nature of the technology enables the simultaneous visualization of different contents at different viewing angles. Yet segmenting the valid viewing area comes with content interference as well in forms of separation zones, resulting invalid viewing domains. In this paper, we introduce a study on the separation zone of split-domain light field visualization. We created a static-content-based scenario in which we split the valid viewing area into two distinct domains, with a separation zone in between them. This was achieved by merging two light field contents in the middle with an instantaneous switch. The resulting visualization on a light field display was captured by a DSLR camera from two viewing distances, and it was compared to the crosstalk effect caused by insufficient angular resolution.
Design of Ka-Band Chip Antenna Based on Slot Antenna

A broadband chip antenna designed for millimeter wave (mm W) can be used in fifth-generation (5G) frequency bands. The on-chip mmW antenna designed for the Ka-band utilizes standard Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this design, the mmW antenna structure is formed by connecting the top layer (Metal6) and the bottom metal layer (Metal1) to reduce losses. Many architectures have been proposed for chip antennas to overcome the metal thickness during fabrication and improve the gain of chip antennas. Therefore, this paper proposes an on-chip antenna for the fifth-generation mobile communication millimeter-wave frequency band. Using high-frequency electromagnetic simulation software, the chip antenna exhibits a minimum return loss of -18dB at 31GHz and a peak gain of -7 dB. The measured reflection coefficient is below -10dB from 18.8 GHz to 32.5 GHz.
Risk of dementia in relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease

Using a family history questionnaire, we investigated the occurrence of dementia among relatives of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and among the relatives of age-matched control subjects. Cumulative lifetime risk of developing AD-type dementia was greater among relatives of AD probands and was consistent with an autosomal dominant genetic mode of transmission. Although the lifetime risk of AD-type dementia was similar among relatives of early-onset and late-onset AD probands, relatives of early-onset probands tended to have an earlier onset of dementia than did relatives of late-onset AD probands. This result raises the possibility that age at onset of dementia in AD may be genetically determined.
Human platelet antigen‐specific alloantibodies implicated in 1162 cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NATP) caused by fetomaternal mismatch for human platelet (PLT) alloantigens (HPAs) complicates approximately 1 in 1000 to 1 in 2000 pregnancies and can lead to a serious bleeding diathesis, intracranial hemorrhage, and sometimes death of the fetus or neonate. As a national reference center for NATP investigations, our experience with this entity over a 12‐year period was reviewed.
Estimating numbers of whole individuals from collections of body parts: a taphonomic limitation of the paleontological record

Paleoecologists have long sought to obtain estimates of the sizes of extinct populations. However, even in ideal cases, accurate counts of individuals have been hampered by the fact that many organisms disarticulate after death and leave their remains in the form of multiple, separated parts. We here analyze the problem of estimating numbers of individuals from collections of parts by developing a general counting theory that elucidates the major contributing variables. We discover that the number of unique individuals of a particular species that are represented in a fossil collection can be described by an intricate set of relationships among (1) the number of body parts that were recovered, (2) the number of body parts that were possessed by organisms belonging to that species, and (3) the number of individuals of that species that served as the source of the parts from which the paleontological sample was obtained (the size of the “sampling domain”). The “minimum number of individuals” and “maximum number of individuals” methods currently used by paleontologists to count individuals emerge as end members in our more general counting theory. The theory shows that the numbers of individuals of a species that are represented in a sample of body parts is fully tractable, at least in a theoretical sense, in terms of the variables just mentioned. The bad news is that the size of the “sampling domain” for a species can never be known exactly, thus placing a very real limit on our ability to count individuals rigorously. The good news is that one can often make a reasonable guess regarding the size of the sampling domain, and can therefore make a more thoroughly informed choice regarding how to estimate numbers of individuals. By isolating the variables involved in determining the numbers of individuals in paleontological samples, we are led to a better appreciation of the limits, and the possibilities, that are inherent in the fossil record.
Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed : a first year process and impact evaluation of a local Weed and Seed community in Phoenix, Arizona

The purpose of the present study was to conduct an evaluation of the Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed, using both qualitative and quantitative data to conduct process and impact evaluations. The process evaluation relied on official documents detailing site activities and interviews with key stakeholders. The impact evaluation relied on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and call for service (CFS) data from the Phoenix Police Department (PPD) from 2002 through 2007, divided into two categories represented by a four-year “pre-test” and two-year “post-test”. The results of the process evaluation indicated that the Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed was actively engaged in activities pursuant of their original site goals, and adapting them as the site developed. The impact evaluation indicated that the crime rates in the Canyon Corridor Weed and Seed area experienced mixed declines and increases during the past two years of official programmatic activities when compared to the four years prior for crimes related to violent, property, drugs, and total crimes.
Overexpression of VEGF and Angiopoietin 2: A Key to High Vascularity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and is characterized by a high vascularity. Angiogenesis, formation of new microvessels, is critical for the growth and progression of various human solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Ang1 and Ang2) are endothelial cell–specific vasculogenic and angiogenic growth factors, but their expression and roles in HCC have not been extensively explored. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and cellular localization of VEGF, Ang1, and Ang2 in specimens of resected human HCC using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining and to examine their relationship to microvessel density (MVD) and tumor size. We also investigated whether mutation of p53 protein might affect the expression of the above angiogenic growth factors. VEGF and Ang2 were strongly expressed and localized predominantly to cancer cells, whereas Ang1 was detected in supportive cells of large blood vessels, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and tumor cells. Expression of the VEGF protein and the Ang2 (but not Ang1) mRNA were strongly correlated with MVD (P < .05, P = .001) and tumor size (P < .05). There was also a strong correlation between VEGF protein and Ang2 mRNA expression (P < .001). However, no significant correlation was found between overexpression of p53 and the expression of VEGF, angiopoietins, or MVD. These findings suggest that overproduction of the angiogenic growth factors VEGF and Ang2 by HCC cells may increase vascularity and tumor growth in a paracrine manner. Our findings also suggest that interaction between VEGF and Ang2 may play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis in HCC.
Some thoughts on estimating change to Arctic cod populations from hypothetical oil spills in the eastern Alaska Beaufort Sea

We describe a fecundity-hindcast model that incorporates Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) acute toxicity data, field studies of Arctic cod larval distribution and abundance, natural mortality estimates for Arctic cod eggs and larvae, and an oil spill fate model in Alaska Beaufort Sea. Three orders of magnitude of spill events (1000, 10 000, and 100 000 tons) were evaluated for both physically and chemically dispersed oil. Using worst-case assumptions in our model, a 100 000 ton spill of crude oil treated with dispersants resulted in 266 million m3 of water that exceeded our acute toxicity threshold, compared to a volume of 71 million m3 for a 100 000 ton spill not treated with dispersants, and resulted in exposure of about 2 million Arctic cod larvae remaining from an initial 87 million eggs. This represents the reproductive output of about 7300 adult females. Adult Arctic cod populations in the Alaska Beaufort number in the tens to hundreds of millions. The results show that even with an order of magnitude .
A Salmonella typhimurium ghost vaccine induces cytokine expression in vitro and immune responses in vivo and protects rats against homologous and heterologous challenges

Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium are important food-borne bacterial pathogens, which are responsible for diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans and animals. In this study, S. typhimurium bacterial ghost (STG) was generated based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Experimental studies performed using in vitro and in vivo experimental model systems to characterize effects of STG as a vaccine candidate. When compared with murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) exposed to PBS buffer (98.1%), the macrophages exposed to formalin-killed inactivated cells (FKC), live wild-type bacterial cells and NaOH-induced STG at 1 × 108 CFU/mL showed 85.6%, 66.5% and 84.6% cell viability, respectively. It suggests that STG significantly reduces the cytotoxic effect of wild-type bacterial cells. Furthermore, STG is an excellent inducer for mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β) and factor (iNOS), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and dual activities (IL-6) in the stimulated macrophage cells. In vivo, STG vaccine induced humoral and cellular immune responses and protection against homologous and heterologous challenges in rats. Furthermore, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of STG vaccine were compared with those of FKC and non-vaccinated PBS control groups. The vaccinated rats from STG group exhibited higher levels of serum IgG antibody responses, serum bactericidal antibodies, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations than those of the FKC and PBS control groups. Most importantly, after challenge with homologous and heterologous strains, the bacterial loads in the STG group were markedly lower than the FKC and PBS control groups. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the STG vaccine induces protective immunity against homologous and heterologous challenges.
Bootstrapping Large Language Models for Radiology Report Generation

Radiology report generation (RRG) aims to automatically generate a free-text description from a specific clinical radiograph, e.g., chest X-Ray images. Existing approaches tend to perform RRG with specific models trained on the public yet limited data from scratch, where they often lead to inferior performance owing to the problem of inefficient capabilities in both aligning visual and textual features and generating informative reports accordingly. Currently, large language models (LLMs) offered a promising solution to text generation with their power in learning from big data, especially for cross-modal scenarios such as RRG. However, most existing LLMs are pre-trained on general data, and suffer from the same problem of conventional approaches caused by knowledge gap between general and medical domain if they are applied to RRG. Therefore in this paper, we propose an approach to bootstrapping LLMs for RRG with a in-domain instance induction and a coarse-to-fine decoding process. Specifically, the in-domain instance induction process learns to align the LLM to radiology reports from general texts through contrastive learning. The coarse-to-fine decoding performs a text elevating process for those reports from the ranker, further enhanced with visual features and refinement prompts. Experimental results on two prevailing RRG datasets, namely, IU X-Ray and MIMIC-CXR, demonstrate the superiority of our approach to previous state-of-the-art solutions. Further analyses illustrate that, for the LLM, the induction process enables it to better align with the medical domain and the coarse-to-fine generation allows it to conduct more precise text generation.
Machine Learning Based Techniques for the Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Early Breast Cancer

One of the most significant considerations in determining the prognosis of breast cancer is the involvement of lymph nodes. Although non-invasive imaging techniques like ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT have been recommended for the assessment of the ALN status, their diagnostic performance lacks sufficient sensitivity in the detection of ALN metastasis. Accurate machine learning based techniques have been applied to the investigation of lymph node in the early stage of breast cancer. This occurrence is influenced by several tumor-specific elements. The primary objective of this research was to determine the clinical and pathological variables that validate the radiomics-based machine learning model can be used to predict whether individuals with early-stage breast cancer will have metastases in their axillary lymph nodes (ALNM). Various aspects were considered and analyzed while utilizing various machine learning algorithms to determine the involvement of the lymph node metastasis. For our experiments, we have examined three machine learning models such as Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), KNNeighbor (KN) and Decision Tree (DT). Accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and F1score were used to evaluate the performance of all three models. The accuracy of GBM was 97%, followed by that of KNNeighbor (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT), which were 91% and 91%, respectively.
Double stent loss during multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

The following description presents a case of a 75-year-old female patient with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in whom there occurred an infrequent complication of percutaneous coronary angioplasty: uncontrolled intracoronary stent displacement from a balloon catheter. During the attempt to retrieve the device using the “small-balloon” technique, further slippage of the stent from the balloon catheter to the right deep femoral artery was observed. Therefore, it was decided to provide a commercial intravascular microloop, whereby the stent was successfully retrieved outside the vascular system.
Fast & Fair: A Collaborative Platform for Fair Division Applications

Fair division, the study of how to fairly allocate resources among agents, has received substantial interest in the areas of artificial intelligence and multiagent systems. While there is an extensive theoretical literature on fair division by now, the developed algorithms are still mostly confined to research papers and inaccessible to the public. We attempt to bridge this gap by developing Fast & Fair, an open-source web application that hosts a number of fair allocation algorithms with user-friendly interfaces and explainable outcomes. In contrast to existing implementations, Fast & Fair is a collaborative platform that is open to community contributions and thereby facilitates the deployment of additional algorithms.
THE HISTOGENESIS OF RAT INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE

Intercostal muscle from fetal and newborn rats was examined with the electron microscope. At 16 days' gestation, the developing muscle was composed of primary generations of myotubes, many of which were clustered together in groups. Within these groups, the membranes of neighboring myotubes were interconnected by specialized junctions, including tight junctions. Morphologically undifferentiated cells surrounded the muscle groups, frequently extended pseudopodia along the interspace between adjacent myotubes, and appeared to separate neighboring myotubes from one another. At 18 and 20 days' gestation, the muscle was also composed of groups of cells but the structure of the groups differed from that of the groups observed at 16 days. Single, well differentiated myotubes containing much central glycogen and peripheral myofibrils dominated each group. These large cells were interpreted as primary myotubes. Small, less differentiated muscle cells and undifferentiated cells clustered around their walls. Each cluster was ensheated by a basal lamina. The small cells were interpreted as primordia of new generations of muscle cells which differentiated by appositional growth along the walls of the large primary myotubes. All generations of rat intercostal muscle cells matured to myofibers between 20 days' gestation and birth. Coincidentally, large and small myofibers diverged from each other, leading to disintegration of the groups of muscle cells. Undifferentiated cells frequently occurred in the interspaces between neighboring muscle cells at the time of separation. Myofibers arising at different stages of muscle histogenesis intermingled in a checkerboard fashion as a result of this asynchronous mode of development. The possibility of fusion between neighboring muscle cells in this developing system is discussed.
A multiscale error diffusion algorithm for green noise digital halftoning

Multiscale error diffusion (MED) is superior to conventional error diffusion algorithm as it can eliminate directional hysteresis completely and possesses good blue noise characteristics. However, due to its filter design, it is not suitable for printing processes which suffer instable dot generation and large dot gain. This paper presents a multiscale error diffusion algorithm for green noise digital halftoning. Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only provides outputs of green noise characteristics, but eliminates pattern artifacts and preserve image details as well.
Head and neck cancer stem cells: The side population

The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory concludes that a subpopulation of cancer cells, the cancer stem cells, can self‐renew and are responsible for tumor growth. Previous studies have identified cells able to efflux Hoechst 33342 dye as the side population (SP). SP cells and CSCs share many characteristics, suggesting the SP isolated from malignant tumors contains CSCs.
Inhibition of SDF-1-induced migration of oncogene-driven myeloid leukemia by the L-RNA aptamer (Spiegelmer), NOX-A12, and potentiation of tyrosine kinase inhibition

Resistance to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) remains a challenge for the treatment of myeloid leukemias. Following treatment with TKIs, the bone marrow microenvironment has been found to harbor a small pool of surviving leukemic CD34+ progenitor cells. The long-term survival of these leukemic cells has been attributed, at least in part, to the protective effects of bone marrow stroma. We found that the NOX-A12 'Spiegelmer', an L-enantiomeric RNA oligonucleotide that inhibits SDF-1α, showed in vitro and in vivo activity against BCR-ABL- and FLT3-ITD-dependent leukemia cells. NOX-A12 was sufficient to suppress SDF-1-induced migration in vitro. The combination of NOX-A12 with TKIs reduced cell migration in the same in vitro model of SDF-1-induced chemotaxis to a greater extent than either drug alone, suggesting positive cooperativity as a result of the SDF-1 blocking function of NOX-A12 and cytotoxicity resulting from targeted oncogenic kinase inhibition. These results are consistent with our in vivo findings using a functional pre-clinical mouse model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), whereby we demonstrated the ability of NOX-A12, combined with the ABL kinase inhibitor, nilotinib, to reduce the leukemia burden in mice to a greater extent than either agent alone. Overall, the data support the idea of using SDF-1 inhibition in combination with targeted kinase inhibition to override drug resistance in oncogene-driven leukemia to significantly diminish or eradicate residual leukemic disease.
Tail Inequalities

" Wir mssen wissen, wir werden wissen " (We must know, we shall know) Pr[Y ≥ ∆] = Pr[exp(tY) ≥ exp(t∆)] ≤ E [exp(tY)] exp(t∆) , the first part follows by the fact that exp(·) preserve ordering, and the second part follows by the Markov inequality. Observe that E [exp(tX i)] = 1 2 e t + 1 2 e −t = e t + e −t 2 = 1 2 1 + t 1! + t 2 2! + t 3 3! + · · · + 1 2 1 − t 1! + t 2 2! − t 3 3! + · · · = 1 + + t 2 2! + + · · · + t 2k (2k)! + · · · , by the Taylor expansion of exp(·). Note, that (2k)! ≥ (k! )2 k , and thus