Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum computer using a trapped-ion spin molecule and microwave radiation

We propose a design for a quantum-information processor where qubits are encoded into hyperfine states of ions held in a linear array of individually tailored linear microtraps and sitting in a spatially varying magnetic field. The magnetic field gradient introduces spatially dependent qubit transition frequencies and a type of spin-spin interaction between qubits. Single- and multiqubit manipulation is achieved via resonant microwave pulses as in liquid-NMR quantum computation while the qubit readout and reset is achieved through trapped-ion fluorescence shelving techniques. By adjusting the microtrap configurations we can tailor, in hardware, the qubit resonance frequencies and coupling strengths. We show that the system possesses a sideband transition structure which does not scale with the size of the processor, allowing scalable frequency discrimination between qubits. By using large magnetic field gradients, one can reset individual qubits in the ion chain via frequency selective optical pulses to implement quantum-error correction, thus avoiding the need for many tightly focused laser beams.
Signing-out Confounding Shocks in Variance-Maximizing Identiﬁcation Methods *

Economists have long debated the driver(s) of business cycles, attempting to answer this question through the lens of structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) and estimated DSGE models (Galı́, 1999; Smets and Wouters, 2007). More recently, a range of variance-maximizing SVAR estimators have been used to identify some of these potential drivers, including technology shocks (Francis et al., 2014), “news” shocks (Barsky and Sims, 2011), and other attempts to dissect the business-cycle anatomy (Angeletos, Collard and Dellas, 2020). However, identification performance is poor when shocks other than the target of interest also play a nontrivial role in driving volatility at the targeted horizon or frequency, thus confounding the estimation. The result is that these identifications capture a hybrid shock rather than a dominant shock (Dieppe, Francis and KindbergHanlon, 2021).
Galician in the Digital Age: An Overview of Automatic Speech Recognition

This study was carried out under the initial state of the European Language Equality project to report technology support for Europe’s languages. In this paper, we show an overview of the current state of automatic speech recognition technologies for Galician. In addition, we compare, over a small set of Galician TV shows, the performance of two of the most re-ported automatic recognition system with support for Galician: the one developed by the University of Vigo and the one offered by Google. Our research shows impressive growth in the amount of data and resources created for Galician in the last four years. However, the scope of the resources and the range of tools are still limited, especially in the actual context of services and technologies based on artificial intelligence and big data. The current state of support, resources, and tools for Galician makes it one of the European languages in danger of being left behind in the future.
Potential impacts of climate extremes on snow under global warming conditions in the Mongolian Plateau Potential impacts of climate extremes

Purpose – The paper aims to investigate the possible changes in mean temperature in the Mongolian Plateau associated with the 1.5 and 2°C global warming targets and how snow changes in the Mongolian Plateauwhen themean global warming is well below2°Corlimited to 1.5°C. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 30 model simulations of consecutive temperature and precipitation days from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are assessed in comparison with the111meteorologicalmonitoringstationsfrom1961 – 2005.Multi-modelensembleandmodelrelativeerrorwereused to evaluate the performance of CMIP5 models. Slope and the Mann – Kendall test were used to analyzethe magnitude ofthetrendsandevaluatethesigni ﬁ canceoftrendsofsnowdepth(SD)from1981to2014intheMongolianPlateau. Findings – Some models perform well, even better than the majority (80%) of the models over the Mongolian Plateau, particularly HadGEM2-CC, CMCC-CM, BNU-ESM and GFDL-ESM2M, which simulate best in consecutive dry days (CDD), consecutive wet days (CWD), cold spell duration indicator (CSDI) and warm spell duration indicator (WSDI), respectively. Emphasis zones of WSDI on SD were deeply analysed in the 1.5 and 2°C global warming period above pre-industrial conditions, because it alone has a signi ﬁ cant negative relation with SD among the four indices. It is warmer than before in the Mongolian Plateau, particularly inthesouthern part of theMongolianPlateau,indicatingless SD. Originality/value – Providing climate extremes and SD data sets with different spatial-temporal scales over the Mongolian Plateau. Zoning SD potential risk areas and proposing adaptations to promote regional sustainable development.
Active bending in plywood floor structures with in-plane curvature Flexión activa plano

Active bending structures incorporate curved beams or shells that are elastically bent from originally straight or flat elements. When both curved and straight elements are coupled, systems stiffness can be enhanced for certain load cases. In this paper, the effects of active bending in twelve floor structure proposals constructed from curved and straight plywood elements is discussed. These solutions are numerically analysed and compared with the reference solution of straight and parallel joists in a Bic-λ diagram, the instrument devised by Frei Otto to compare the material consumption of different structural systems. Simultaneously to the analytical study, three-point bending tests of two full-scale prototypes are carried out. Based on tests findings, a new case of joist with more elements is introduced, which will eventually be the most efficient.
Intelligent Voice Speaker Recognition and Diarization System for IberSpeech 2022 Albayzin Evaluations Speaker Diarization and Identity Assignment Challenge

This paper describes the system developed by Intelligent Voice for IberSpeech 2022 Albayzin Evaluations Speaker Diarization and Identity Assignment Challenge (SDIAC). The presented Variational Bayes x-vector Voice Print Extraction (VBxVPE) system is capable of capturing the vocal variations using multiple x-vector representations with two-stage clustering and out-lier detection refinement and implements Deep-Encoder Convolutional Autoencoder Denoiser (DE-CADE) network for de-noising segments with noise and music for robust speaker recognition and diarization. When evaluated against the Ra-diotelevision Espanola (RTVE) 2022 evaluation dataset, the system was able to obtain a Diarization Error Rate (DER) of . % and Error Rate of . % .
Designing Solidarity Cryptocurrencies: Dialogic Tension Between Community-Centered and Techno-Centered Design Frames

While cryptocurrencies are related to profit-driven actors, communitarian movements have decades of experience with social-driven currencies, such as community currencies. This research investigates the meshing of these two disparate worlds that results in the design of a solidarity cryptocurrency, a phenomenon that connects the blockchain infrastructure of cryptocurrency to scaling the social perspective of community currencies. However, making the connection between these two technologies brings a new question to IS design: how can different frames from multiple social actors be integrated into designing a solidarity cryptocurrency infrastructure? We drew upon the design ethnography methodology and actively participated in designing a solidarity cryptocurrency to answer that question. Based on concepts from infrastructuring, a multi-relational and socio-technical approach to infrastructure designing, we propose that designing a solidarity cryptocurrency lies on a dialogic tension between techno-centered and community-centered frames, representing the relational process that emerges when connecting two disparate technologies.
Frontiers of Biogeography Assessing the synergism among environmental gradients: Towards a better understanding of macroecological hypotheses

Abstract. The role of environmental gradients as drivers of biological diversity has been the center of many discussions in ecology and evo-lution. Hypotheses proposed to explain broad-scale patterns of biological diversity have mechanistic bases that often overlap, at least par-tially. Consequently, it is often difficult to tease apart the potential effects of different hypotheses. Here I investigate the synergism among macroecological hypotheses commonly invoked to explain species diversity. More specifically, I address the role of ambient-energy, climatic stability, habitat heterogeneity, productivity, and topographic complexity in shaping broad-scale patterns of tropical vertebrates under three different aspects of biological diversity: species richness, species pools, and species composition. I show how differences in the degree of synergism among distinct types of environmental gradients can be used to improve our understanding of traditional macroecological hypotheses, highlighting the convergent findings across the three different aspects of biological diversity.
Exploratory Research on Knowledge Graph Construction and Attribute Value Extraction for Large-scale Textual Data of Tourism Products

: Complexity of tourism products exists in route design and service combination provided by suppliers. Generating reasonable rules by utilizing large-scale textual data of tourism products will be an effective way to explore imitation and competition from product-product relationships thus observing how they respond to consumer demands and market changeable. In this sense, constructing a tourism product knowledge graph (TPKG) will be a key data strategy for a travel agency or e-commerce platform. This paper constructs a knowledge graph of tourism products with seven feature dimensions and creates a structured model to imagine the service details and features. BiLSTM-CRF was used to extract entities from large-scale textual data, while entity-related attributes and attribute values were extracted from Baidu Baike. Furthermore, possibility of correlation between entities using the link prediction algorithm was checked, and entity disambiguation was accomplished. Finally, TPKG was visualized using Neo4j graph to show the validity of ontological structure for tourism products. Our paper provides a new process and method to uncover the imitation and competition relationship among tourism products from a nuanced particle perspective.
Finite-lattice form factors in free-fermion models

We consider the general -symmetric free-fermion model on the finite periodic lattice, which includes as special cases the Ising model on the square and triangular lattices and the -symmetric BBS τ(2)-model with n = 2. Translating Kaufman’s fermionic approach to diagonalization of Ising-like transfer matrices into the language of Grassmann integrals, we determine the transfer matrix eigenvectors and observe that they coincide with the eigenvectors of a square lattice Ising transfer matrix. This allows us to find exact finite-lattice form factors of spin operators for the statistical model and the associated finite-length quantum chains, of which the most general is equivalent to the XY chain in a transverse field.
EROS: Short Period Cepheids in the Bar of the LMC

We present Fourier analysis at 490 nm for 87 Cepheid light curves in the bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The photometry has been obtained through the EROS project whose main purpose is the search for baryonic dark matter in the Galactic halo. The very high quality of the photometry and the good phase coverage enable us to obtain accurate Fourier decomposition of the light curves. As a consequence we confirm that the so-called s-Cepheids are overtone pulsators and represent about 30 % of our sample, whereas the Classical Cepheids are fundamental pulsators. We have identified a number of features in plots of amplitude ratios and phase differences versus period. These features are usually related to resonances between different pulsation modes. If we accept that Fourier decomposition techniques applied to light curves yield positions for the centres of resonances, then it seems that resonances occur in LMC Cepheids at the same period as in Galactic Cepheids for fundamental pulsators, whereas they appear to be at shorter periods for overtone pulsators.
Complexity in mean-field spin-glass models: Ising p-spin

The complexity of the Thouless-Anderson-Palmer (TAP) solutions of the Ising $p$-spin is investigated in the temperature regime where the equilibrium phase is one-step replica symmetry breaking. Two solutions of the resulting saddle point equations are found. One is supersymmetric (SUSY) and includes the equilibrium value of the free energy while the other is non-SUSY. The two solutions cross exactly at a value of the free energy where the replicon eigenvalue is zero; at low free energy the complexity is described by the SUSY solution while at high free energy it is described by the non-SUSY solution, the latter accounting for the total number of solutions. The relevant TAP solutions counted by the non-SUSY complexity share the same features of the corresponding solutions in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model; in particular their Hessian has a vanishing isolated eigenvalue. The TAP solutions corresponding to the SUSY complexity, instead, are well separated minima.
Resonant features in a forced population of excitatory neurons

In recent years, the study of coupled excitable oscillators has largely benefited from a new analytical technique developed by Ott and Antonsen. This technique allows to express the dynamics of certain macroscopic observable in the ensemble in terms of a reduced set of ordinary differential equations. This makes it possible to build low-dimensional models for the global activity of neural systems from first principles. We investigated the macroscopic response of a large set of excitatory neurons to different forcing strategies. We report resonant behavior, that depends on the heterogeneity between the units and their coupling strength. This contrasts with the type of response that an external forcing can elicit in simple and widely used phenomenological models.
Electrical properties and colossal electroresistance of heteroepitaxial Sr Ru O 3 ∕ Sr Ti 1 − x Nb x O 3 ( 0.0002 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.02 ) Schottky junctions

We investigated the electrical properties of heteroepitaxial oxide Schottky junctions, $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}∕\mathrm{Sr}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ $(0.0002\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.02)$. The overall features agree with those of a conventional semiconductor Schottky junction, as exemplified by the rectifying current $(I)$-voltage $(V)$ characteristics with linear $\mathrm{log}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ relationship under forward bias and the capacitance $(C)\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics with linear $1∕{C}^{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ relationship under reverse bias. The $x$ dependence of the junction parameters, such as barrier height, built-in potential, and depletion layer width, can be analyzed by taking into account the band-gap narrowing due to degeneration, as well as the bias-dependent dielectric constant of depleted $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. All junctions, except for the most heavily doped $(x=0.02)$ one, show hysteretic $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics with a colossal electroresistance (CER) effect, where forward (reverse) bias stress reduces (enhances) the junction resistance. The $x$ dependence of the CER effect and the absence of hysteresis in the $C\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ relationship suggest that the resistance switching in Schottky junctions comes from the change in conductance through additional tunneling paths rather than the change in barrier potential profile. Electron charging in or discharging from a self-trap depending on the bias polarity may account for the nonvolatility of the CER effect. This model is supported by the fact that the CER effect is completely suppressed in interface-engineered junctions with a $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}∕2\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-thick $X∕\mathrm{Sr}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.99}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.01}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ structure, where $X$ is either pristine $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ or very heavily electron-doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.25}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.75}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$.
Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). III. On the Relocation of the Kepler-9 b Transit

The Kepler-9 system harbors three known transiting planets. The system holds significant interest for several reasons. First, the outer two planets exhibit a period ratio that is close to a 2:1 orbital commensurability, with attendant dynamical consequences. Second, both planets lie in the planetary mass “desert” that is generally associated with the rapid gas agglomeration phase of the core accretion process. Third, there exist attractive prospects for accurately measuring both the sky-projected stellar spin–orbit angles as well as the mutual orbital inclination between the planets in the system. Following the original Kepler detection announcement in 2010, the initially reported orbital ephemerides for Kepler-9 b and c have degraded significantly, due to the limited time base-line of observations on which the discovery of the system rested. Here, we report new ground-based photometric observations and extensive dynamical modeling of the system. These efforts allow us to photometrically recover the transit of Kepler-9 b and thereby greatly improve the predictions for upcoming transit mid-times. Accurate ephemerides of this system are important in order to confidently schedule follow-up observations of this system, for both in-transit Doppler measurements as well as for atmospheric transmission spectra taken during transit.
A PROBABILISTIC REPRESENTATION FOR THE VORTICITY OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL VISCOUS FLUID AND FOR GENERAL SYSTEMS OF PARABOLIC EQUATIONS

Abstract A probabilistic representation formula for general systems of linear parabolic equations, coupled only through the zero-order term, is given. On this basis, an implicit probabilistic representation for the vorticity in a three-dimensional viscous fluid (described by the Navier–Stokes equations) is carefully analysed, and a theorem of local existence and uniqueness is proved. The aim of the probabilistic representation is to provide an extension of the Lagrangian formalism from the non-viscous (Euler equations) to the viscous case. As an application, a continuation principle, similar to the Beale–Kato–Majda blow-up criterion, is proved.
CHIANTI—AN ATOMIC DATABASE FOR EMISSION LINES. XIII. SOFT X-RAY IMPROVEMENTS AND OTHER CHANGES

The CHIANTI spectral code consists of two parts: an atomic database and a suite of computer programs in Python and IDL. Together, they allow the calculation of the optically thin spectrum of astrophysical objects and provide spectroscopic plasma diagnostics for the analysis of astrophysical spectra. The database includes atomic energy levels, wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, collision excitation rate coefficients, ionization, and recombination rate coefficients, as well as data to calculate free–free, free–bound, and two-photon continuum emission. Version 7.1 has been released, which includes improved data for several ions, recombination rates, and element abundances. In particular, it provides a large expansion of the CHIANTI models for key Fe ions from Fe viii to Fe xiv to improve the predicted emission in the 50–170 Å wavelength range. All data and programs are freely available at http://www.chiantidatabase. org and in SolarSoft, while the Python interface to CHIANTI can be found at http://chiantipy.sourceforge. net.
Experimental study of inertial particles clustering and settling in homogeneous turbulence

We study experimentally the spatial distribution, settling and interaction of sub-Kolmogorov inertial particles with homogeneous turbulence. Utilizing a zero-mean-flow air turbulence chamber, we drop size-selected solid particles and study their dynamics with particle imaging and tracking velocimetry at multiple resolutions. The carrier flow is simultaneously measured by particle image velocimetry of suspended tracers, allowing the characterization of the interplay between both the dispersed and continuous phases. The turbulence Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale ranges from $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}\approx 200{-}500$ , while the particle Stokes number based on the Kolmogorov scale varies between $St_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}}=O(1)$ and $O(10)$ . Clustering is confirmed to be most intense for $St_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}}\approx 1$ , but it extends over larger scales for heavier particles. Individual clusters form a hierarchy of self-similar, fractal-like objects, preferentially aligned with gravity and with sizes that can reach the integral scale of the turbulence. Remarkably, the settling velocity of $St_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}}\approx 1$ particles can be several times larger than the still-air terminal velocity, and the clusters can fall even faster. This is caused by downward fluid fluctuations preferentially sweeping the particles, and we propose that this mechanism is influenced by both large and small scales of the turbulence. The particle–fluid slip velocities show large variance, and both the instantaneous particle Reynolds number and drag coefficient can greatly differ from their nominal values. Finally, for sufficient loadings, the particles generally augment the small-scale fluid velocity fluctuations, which however may account for a limited fraction of the turbulent kinetic energy.
Primordial Neutrinos

The connection between cosmological observations and neutrino physics is discussed in detail. Neutrinos decouple from thermal contact in the early Universe at a temperature of order 1 MeV which coincides with the temperature where light element synthesis occurs. Obser-vation of light element abundances therefore provides important information on such properties as neutrino energy density and chemical potential. Precision observations of the cosmic microwave background and large scale structure of galaxies can be used to probe neutrino masses with greater precision than current laboratory experiments. In this review I discuss current cosmological bounds on neutrino properties, as well as possible bounds from upcoming measurements.
A Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope search for associated H I 21 cm absorption in GHz-peaked-spectrum sources

We report the first detections of associated H{\sc i} 21\,cm absorption in Gigahertz-peaked-spectrum (GPS) sources at high redshifts, $z > 1$, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Our GMRT search for associated H{\sc i} 21\,cm absorption in a sample of 12 GPS sources yielded two new detections of absorption, towards TXS~1200+045 at $z = 1.226$ and TXS~1245$-$197 at $z = 1.275$, and five non-detections. These are only the sixth and seventh detections of associated H{\sc i} 21\,cm absorption in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at $z > 1$. Both H{\sc i} 21\,cm absorption profiles are wide, with velocity spans between nulls of $\approx 600$~km~s$^{-1}$ (TXS~1200+045) and $\approx 1100$~km~s$^{-1}$ (TXS~1245$-$197). In both absorbers, the large velocity spread of the absorption and its blueshift from the AGN, suggests that it arises in outflowing neutral gas, perhaps driven by the radio jets to high velocities. We derive mass outflow rates of ${\dot M} \approx 32 \; {\rm M}_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$ (TXS~1200+045) and ${\dot M} \approx 18 \; {\rm M}_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$ (TXS~1245$-$197), comparable to the mass outflow rates seen earlier in low-redshift active galactic nuclei.