Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear, parameter‐varying control and its application to a turbofan engine

This paper describes application of parameter‐dependent control design methods to a turbofan engine. Parameter‐dependent systems are linear systems, whose state‐space descriptions are known functions of time‐varying parameters. The time variation of each of the parameters is not known in advance, but is assumed to be measurable in real‐time. Three linear, parameter‐varying (LPV) approaches to control design are discussed. The first method is based on linear fractional transformations which relies on the small gain theorem for bounds on performance and robustness. The other methods make use of either a single (SQLF) or parameter‐dependent (PDQLF) quadratic Lyapunov function to bound the achievable level of performance. The latter two techniques are used to synthesize controllers for a high‐performance turbofan engine. A LPV model of the turbofan engine is constructed from Jacobian linearizations at fixed power codes for control design. The control problem is formulated as a model matching problem in the ℋ︁∞ and LPV framework. The objective is decoupled command response of the closed‐loop system to pressure and rotor speed requests. The performance of linear, ℋ︁∞ point designs are compared with the SQLF and PDQLF controllers. Nonlinear simulations indicate that the controller synthesized using the SQLF approach is slightly more conservative than the PDQLF controller. Nonlinear simulations with the SQLF and PDQLF controllers show very robust designs that achieve all desired performance objectives. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamics of macroparticles in a direct current glow discharge plasma under micro-gravity conditions

The dynamics of large-sized (70–180 µm) spherical bronze particles in a direct current glow discharge plasma was studied experimentally under microgravitation conditions. The temperatures, velocities, pair correlation functions and self-diffusion coefficients of macroparticles were measured at various discharge currents. The charges of dust particles (on the order of 106 e) corresponded to high surface potentials of about 30–40 V.
Consonant duration in American English

The paper discusses the temporal behavior of all measurable consonants, detailed in all possible conditions, in an extensive reading by one speaker. The data indicate a strong parallelism in duration distributions among similar kinds of consonants, and interesting similarities and differences between different kinds of consonants in terms of phoneme‐sequential constraints and higher‐level linguistic factors.
Image Fusion with Sparse Representation

Sparse representation is a new image representation theory. It can accurately represent the image information. In this paper, a novel fusion scheme using sparse representation is proposed. The sparse representation is conducted on overlapping patches. Each source image is divided into patches, and all the patches are transformed into vectors. Decompose the vectors into theirs sparse representations using orthogonal matching pursuit. Sparse coefficients are fused with the maximum absolute. The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide high-quality images.
Atomic force microscopy investigation of polysilicon films before and after SIMS analysis: the effects of sample rotation

Differences have been found in the depth resolution of dynamic SIMS profiles from polysilicon films on silicon carried out with and without sample rotation. Corresponding differences in the surface topography have been observed using atomic force microscopy. Both amorphous and polycrystalline silicon films implanted with fluorine and arsenic and subjected to rapid thermal annealing were examined. For the polycrystalline film, conventional SIMS analysis led to a significantly roughened crater, with a somewhat lesser roughening effect in the case of the rotational SIMS. The crater in the amorphous film showed slight roughening in the conventional analysis mode whereas with rotation the crater base appears to preserve the initial topography of the film.
Improved T1 mapping by motion correction and template based B1 correction in 3T MRI brain studies

Accurate estimation of relaxation time T1 from MRI images is increasingly important for some clinical applications. Low noise, high resolution, fast and accurate T1 maps from MRI images of the brain can be performed using a dual flip angle method. However, accuracy is limited by the scanners ability to deliver the prescribed flip angle due to the B1 inhomogeneity, particularly at high field strengths (e.g. 3T). One of the most accurate methods to correct that inhomogeneity is to acquire a subject-specific B1 map. However, since B1 map acquisition takes up precious scanning time and most retrospective studies do not have B1 map, it would be desirable to perform that correction from a template. For this work a dual repetition time method was used for B1 map acquisition in five normal subjects. Inaccuracies due to misregistration of acquired T1-weighted images were corrected by rigid registration, and the effects of misalignment were compared to those of B1 inhomogeneity. T1-intensity histograms were produced and three-Gaussian curves were fitted for every fully-, partially- and non-corrected histogram in order to estimate and compare the white and gray matter peaks. In addition, in order to reduce the scanning time we designed a template based correction strategy. Images from different subjects were aligned using a twelve-parameter affine registration, and B1 maps were aligned according to that transformation. Recomputed T1 maps showed a significant improvement with respect to non-corrected ones. These results are very promising and have the potential for clinical application.
A study of separations in cryptography: new results and new models

For more than 20 years, black-box impossibility results have been used to argue the infeasibility of constructing certain cryptographic primitives (e.g., key agreement) from others (e.g., one-way functions). In this dissertation we further extend the frontier of this field by demonstrating several new impossibility results as well as a new framework for studying a more general class of constructions. Our first two results demonstrate impossibility of black-box constructions of two commonly used cryptographic primitives. In our first result we study the feasibility of black-box constructions of predicate encryption schemes from standard assumptions and demonstrate strong limitations on the types of schemes that can be constructed. In our second result we study black-box constructions of constant-round zero-knowledge proofs from one-way permutations and show that, under commonly believed complexity assumptions, no such constructions exist. A widely recognized limitation of black-box impossibility results, however, is that they say nothing about the usefulness of (known) non-black-box techniques. This state of affairs is unsatisfying as we would at least like to rule out constructions using the set of techniques we have at our disposal. With this motivation in mind, in the final result of this dissertation we propose a new framework for black-box constructions with a non-black-box flavor, specifically, those that rely on zero-knowledge proofs relative to some oracle. Our framework is powerful enough to capture a large class of known constructions, however we show that the original black-box separation of key agreement from one-way functions still holds even in this non-black-box setting that allows for zero-knowledge proofs.
Fabrication of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Films Using Roll-to-Roll Process

In this research, we fabricated thin films deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method using a roll-to-roll process and measured the morphology and transmittance of the thin films using atomic force microscopy (AFM) (nanoscope IIIa, Digital Instruments) and UV-vis spectroscopy (Filmetrics, Inc). The thin films consisting of poly(allylamine hydrochloride), (PAH) adjusted to pH 7.5 and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) adjusted to pH 3.5 showed a textured structure on moving film substrates. From these results, we found that polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) thin films showing similar to those structures of the films fabricated using a conventional dipping process were successfully assembled via the roll-to-roll process. We consider that this roll-to-roll process is suitable for fabricating large-area thin films.
Silver halide single mode fibers for broadband middle infrared stellar interferometry

We report the demonstration of silver halide single mode fibers at λ=7.5 μm. The fiber’s modal behavior was tested at λ=10.6 and λ=7.5 μm, using near field measurements. Single mode operation was observed for both wavelengths with propagation losses of ∼16 and ∼40 dB/m at λ=10.6 and λ=7.5 μm, respectively. A rejection ratio of ∼30 dB was achieved at λ=7.5 μm for a 30 cm long fiber segment. These fibers would be particularly useful for modal filtering in the 6–20 μm band. Modal filters are essential technology elements in nulling stellar interferometry.
Decay of two-qubit correlation in correlated stochastic dephasing

Time evolutions of quantum correlation, classical correlation and total correlation of two qubits are investigated when the two qubits are placed under the influence of classical phase fluctuations with correlation. Stochastic variables that describe the phase fluctuations are correlated and subject to the stationary Gauss–Markov process. The model includes the local and global dephasing models. It is shown that the quantum correlation measured by the quantum discord is increased by the correlation between the stochastic variables in the initial time region while the classical correlation and the total correlation are not. Furthermore the entanglement, the optimal fidelity of the quantum teleportation and the violation of the Bell inequality are investigated.
Saturation or damage mechanism of a space target stared by a pulse laser on the ground

The research, on the damage mechanism to the high-space target by the ground laser, aims to determine the saturation or damage threshold of optic-electro sensors on the target. The laser beam to the target is relationship with the following features: The speediness of the energy accumulation and the laser tracking stability in long distance. The speediness needs high peak-power in the shortest time, while the stability needs high speed-precision ability to the servo system on earth. Obviously, the pulse laser is more effective than the continuous laser when considering the speediness. Here for the 10.6 ? m CO2 laser, the interfering effects are dealt with to the target in 500km space. Provided that the turbulent air does not influence the laser beam, the power of periodic rectangle-pulse laser arriving on the space object is evaluated first. Then the laser staring time on the object is calculated. Third, the laser energy accumulation on the space object is analyzed, and last the saturation or damage threshold ofthe object is determined.
On the exponential flattening of current sheets near neutral X-points in two-dimensional ideal MHD flow

It is shown that the flattening of current sheets which has been observed near neutral X-points in numerical simulations of ideal MHD flow in two dimensions can be obtained from an asymptotic expansion of the dynamical equations. This asymptotic expansion suggests that exponential self-similar flattening proceeds forever and that there is no finite time singularity for ideal two-dimensional MHD flows. The equation for the spatial structure of the self-similar solution is reduced, via a hodograph transformation, to a nonlinear wave equation involving interactions with distant parts of the fluid and therefore non-universal features.
A model of a linear synchronous motor based on distribution theory

The fundamental idea of this paper is to use the distribution theory to analyze linear machines in order to include in the mathematical model both ideal and non ideal features. This paper shows how distribution theory can be used to establish a mathematical model able to describe both the ordinary working condition of a Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) as well the role of the unavoidable irregularities and non ideal features.
Multiple-Cell Lumped Element and Port Models for the Vector Finite Element Method

Abstract Multiple-cell models of lumped elements (LEs) and ports for incorporation into frequency domain vector finite element method (VFEM) are described. The geometrical model of these objects is defined as a straight line or rectangle, containing an arbitrary number of finite element (FE) edges or faces, and an electric circuit model as a parallel or series resistor, inductor, capacitor (RLC) network. The proposed algorithm for incorporating LEs into the FE mesh preserves global matrix symmetry and is compatible with model order-reduction (MOR) techniques. The algorithm imposes no limitations on the number of LEs and ports. Numerical results confirm high accuracy and efficiency of the presented algorithm.
Relationships between Large-Scale Heat and Moisture Budgets and the Occurrence of Arctic Stratus Clouds

Abstract The occurrence of cloudiness over the Beaufort Sea region of the Arctic Basin during June 1980, is related to the ambient large-scale meteorological conditions. Cloud data are obtained from a hand analysis of the visible and infrared Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) images and from the U.S. Air Force Three-Dimensional Nephanalysis (3DNEPH). A comparison of the two cloud cover datasets showed good agreement for mid- and high-level cloudiness, but low-level cloudiness was significantly underestimated by the 3DNEPH. The study therefore uses a composite data set consisting of the 3DNEPH data at mid- and upper-levels, and the DMSP data at lower levels. Atmospheric data are obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) objective analysis, and large-scale heat and moisture budgets are constructed. The budgets are used to investigate the processes which contribute to relative humidity changes. The budgets are related to the cloud cover for both the monthly cl.
The catalogue of structural and dynamical characteristics of 103 open star clusters and the firstresults of its investigation

Abstract The catalogue of structural and dynamical characteristics of 103 open dusters (OC1's) is presented. These characteristics were obtained by improved star counts method with the use of available photometrical data. The catalogue contains numbers of stars in the dusters up to B ≃ 16m, the angular and linear radii of the OC1's, the King model parameters for the surface star density distribution and dimensionless parameters of the halo-core structure of the clusters, the lower estimates of the mass, tidal radius in the gravitational field of the Galaxy and the relaxation time of the dusters. The individual disruption times and nonstationary degrees for OCL's were calculated for the first time. The comparison is made with the results of theoretical studies and numerical experiments. A sequence is found in the space of the parameters of the halo-core structure of the dusters: the relative population and relative size of the duster core. This sequence or correlation corresponds to the balance of the rate.
The 8 May 2009 Superderecho: Analysis of a Real-Time Explicit Convective Forecast

AbstractHerein, an analysis of a 3-km explicit convective simulation of an unusually intense bow echo and associated mesoscale vortex that were responsible for producing an extensive swath of high winds across Kansas, southern Missouri, and southern Illinois on 8 May 2009 is presented. The simulation was able to reproduce many of the key attributes of the observed system, including an intense [~100 kt (51.4 m s−1) at 850 hPa], 10-km-deep, 100-km-wide warm-core mesovortex and associated surface mesolow associated with a tropical storm–like reflectivity eye. A detailed analysis suggests that the simulated convection develops north of a weak east–west lower-tropospheric baroclinic zone, at the nose of an intensifying low-level jet. The system organizes into a north–south-oriented bow echo as it moves eastward along the preexisting baroclinic zone in an environment of large convective available potential energy (CAPE) and strong tropospheric vertical wind shear. Once the system moves east of the low-level jet.
Robust state space models for estimating fish stock maturities

Here, we formulate robust state space models (SSMs) and develop inference tools in the context of fisheries science and management. Our prototype model concerns the maturity of fish by age over time, knowledge of which is fundamental to understanding the dynamics and productivity of fish stocks, a key component in fish stock assessment. Our SSM incorporates dynamics over time and yields robust estimates of the proportion of fish mature at various ages for a collection of cohorts of interest. The estimates are obtained using an iterative weighted likelihood where the high‐dimensional unobserved dynamics of the SSM and the optimization over the fixed parameters are handled with the Automatic Differentiation Model Builder. The data used to both demonstrate and validate our new approach comes from the annual sampling program of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the primary scientific and regulatory body responsible for stock assessments. In addition, we carried out a comprehensive simulation study to demonstrate the robustness of our approach to realistic contamination. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 133–150; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Fourth order perturbation theory for the diffusion equation: continuous wave results for absorbing defects

We show the performance of a proposed perturbation theory of the diffusion equation for studying light propagation in optically heterogeneous media, i.e. characterized by a distribution of the absorption and the reduced scattering coefficient. In different geometries (cylindrical, slab, layered), we study the change of continuous wave intensity due to the presence of focal absorption perturbations. The results obtained with fourth order perturbation theory show a clear improved accuracy with respect to first order calculations for a range of the absorption contrasts of interest in the field of near infrared spectroscopy and diffuse optical tomography. The method of Padè Approximants is used to extend the limits of the proposed perturbation theory to a wider range of absorption contrasts. For validation of the theory, we show comparison with Monte Carlo simulations.
Assessment of Cystatin C-Based GFR Estimating Equations as a Novel Reliable Biomarker for Renal Pathology Diagnosis in Patients with Mild to Severe Tubular Affection

Background and Objective: Serum creatinine, a commonly used biomarker in determining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage, is highly variable biologically and does not rise until > 50% of renal function (RF) impairment occurs. Also, its production is not constant & is affected by many factors as muscle mass, age, inflammation. On the other hand, Cystatin C shows more stable production making it more suitable for assessment of kidney function. Also, It has been shown that the progression of CKD to renal failure, even in glomerular diseases, correlated better with the degree of tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis. So, our aim was to in-vestigate the relation between kidney function assessed by different cystatin (Cys-C)-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in comparison to the gold standard Iohexol (Ioh) based measured (m)GFR in relation to the pathological degree of tubular damage in renal biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates the relation of (Cys-C)-based eGFR to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in renal biopsy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 20 CKD cases who attended the Nephrology Department at Ain Shams University, where a renal biopsy was obtained, and individuals were allocated into two groups: group A (GA) with mild tubular affection (TA) and group B (GB) with moderate to severe TA. All participants were referred for measurement of GFR using Iohexol (Ioh) together with serum Cys-C level and eGFR was calculated using different Cys-C-based GFR estimating equations, which were further compared using Multivariate Linear Regression and Bland-Altman analyses. Results: Our results revealed a substantial statistical difference among the two studied groups regarding Hb, s
The Collisional Problem of Cloud Droplets Moving in a Turbulent Environment–Part II: Turbulent Collision Efficiencies

Abstract The collision efficiencies for small cloud drops moving under the influence of gravity in a viscous, incompressible, turbulent medium are obtained for drop radii of 10 µm 40 µm the differences are negligible. However, for smaller drop radii the turbulent collision efficiencies are much larger than the still-air efficiencies. Implica.
Second harmonic generation in electric poled X-cut MgO-doped LiNbO3 waveguides

We demonstrate that quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation occurs in annealed proton-exchanged (APE) X-cut MgO 5 mol % doped LiNbO3 (MgO:LN) waveguides supporting a TE-mode guided wave. Formation of a domain inversion was achieved by applying electric fields in X-cut and Y-cut MgO:LN. The depth of the formed domain inversion was 1 μm with a period of 4.75 μm. Anomalous characteristics of current versus voltage (I–V) of samples having domain inversion formed therein were found to have similar properties to a diode. A blue light having a wavelength of 475 nm and a power of 2.2 mW has been obtained with a normalized second harmonic conversion efficiency of 60%/W cm2 with uniform grating of 6 mm by using a Ti:Al2O3 laser as a fundamental wave source.
Hierarchical Bayes, maximum a posteriori estimators, and minimax concave penalized likelihood estimation

Priors constructed from scale mixtures of normal distributions have long played an important role in decision theory and shrinkage estimation. This paper demonstrates equivalence between the maximum aposteriori estimator constructed under one such prior and Zhang’s minimax concave penalization estimator. This equivalence and related multivariate generalizations stem directly from an intriguing representation of the minimax concave penalty function as the Moreau envelope of a simple convex function. Maximum aposteriori estimation under the corresponding marginal prior distribution, a generalization of the quasi-Cauchy distribution proposed by Johnstone and Silverman, leads to thresholding estimators having excellent frequentist risk properties. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62C60, 62J07.
Jointly Optimal Admission and Routing Controls at a Network Node

We consider the problem of jointly optimal admission and routing at a data network node. Specifically, a message arriving at the buffer of a node in a data network is to be transmitted over one of two channels with different transmission times. Under suitably chosen criteria, two decisions have to be made: Whether or not to admit an incoming message into the buffer, and under what conditions should the slower channel be utilized. A discounted infinite-horizon cost as well as an average cost are considered. These costs consist of a linear combination of the blocking probability and the queueing delay at the buffer. The optimal admission and routing strategies are shown to be characterized almost completely by means of “switching curves”