Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Object detection using shape features

This study presents a method for detecting an object by using several features. Features are extracted based on the statistical distribution of points on the bitmap image of the shape. It detect the shape of an image by using geometrical features and then select the clustered of image that matched that shape from a large database. In this approach the image of object are divided into zones and find out some feature of each zone. The extracted features are used for classification based on zones. To make a decision for classification the feature of zone are extracted as per the boundary structure segment-the sum of ON or foreground pixels in each boundary segment, an angle between the starting and ending points, a distance between the starting and ending points, centroid of each zone, an angle between the starting and centroid points, a distance between the starting and centroid points, an angle between the centroid and ending points, a distance between the centroid and ending points etc.
An obstacle avoidance model predictive control scheme: A sum-of-squares approach

The paper addresses the obstacle avoidance motion planning problem for ground vehicles operating in uncertain environments, i.e. time-varying obstacle scenarios are taken into consideration. By resorting to set-theoretic ideas and sum of squares (SOS) decomposition techniques, a receding horizon control algorithm is proposed for robots modelled by polynomial systems subject to input/state constraints. Sequences of inner ellipsoidal approximations of the exact one-step controllable sets are pre-computed for all the possible obstacle scenarios and then on-line exploited to determine the more adequate control action to be applied to the robot in a receding horizon fashion. The results here proposed are a significant generalization of existing algorithms which are tailored only for linear time invariant plant descriptions. The resulting framework guarantees Uniformly Ultimate Boundedness and constraints fulfilment regardless of any obstacle scenario occurrence.
A u-tour system for a tour leader in a guided group package tour

“Tour” is an emotional word to lots of people. When a person decides to take a trip, one can be classified into two types of tourists, an active and passive tourist. An active tourist has to prepare everything for the satisfactory tour. On the contrary, a passive tourist who is generally inclined to use a guided group package tour prepares less something than an active tourist. Thus, much research and many attempts have been conducted to help an active tourist. In contrast, little research and few attempts have been conducted for a passive tourist in a guided group package tour. However, responsibilities of a tour leader in a guided group package tour are very important for guaranteeing satisfactory tours. In this paper, we proposed the u-Tour system which can help a tour leader and passive tourists. A tour leader can easily check the roll of tourists, and offer oral relevant information at each visiting place. Tourists can satisfactorily listen to the relevant information at each visiting place. Additionally, tourists don't need to worry about straying from a group at unfamiliar places.
Neural Networks for Scientific Paper Classification

This paper describes an approach to the use of neural networks for improving the scientific paper classification performance. On the basis of the initial classification results obtained from the content-based naive Bayes method, this approach uses neural networks to model the citation link structures of the scientific papers for refining the class labels of the documents. The approach is examined and compared with the naive Bayes method on a standard paper classification data set with increasing training set sizes. The results suggest that using citation link structures, neural networks can significantly improve the system performance over the content-based naive Bayes method for all the training set sizes
Performance tradeoffs among beamforming approaches

In this paper, three main criteria for the adaptive beamformer design are discussed: maximal signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (MSINR), minimal mean-squared error (MMSE), and minimal least-square error (MLSE). Although in the case of exactly known power and steering vector of the signal-of-interest (SOI), there are beamformers that can simultaneously meet the MMSE and MSINR criteria, this is no longer true when the exact knowledge of the steering vector is unavailable. To account for steering vector errors, a meaningful approach is to model the actual steering vector as random. In this paper, it is shown that in the latter case, the MMSE and MSINR criteria can not be simultaneously attained. We study the achievable region in the MSE-SINR plane and propose a new adaptive beamformer that can attain a frontier of operating points on the boundary of this region and, therefore, provide an optimal performance tradeoff among the MSINR and MMSE criteria. It is also shown that in the random steering vector case, the MLSE and MSINR criteria are simultaneously achievable and a new adaptive beamformer is proposed that satisfies both these criteria.
An Efficient Method to Construct Parity-Check Matrices for Recursively Encoding Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes †

Spatially coupled low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have attracted considerable attention due to their promising performance. Recursive encoding of the codes with low delay and low complexity has been proposed in the literature but with constraints or restrictions. In this manuscript we propose an efficient method to construct parity-check matrices for recursively encoding spatially coupled LDPC codes with arbitrarily chosen node degrees. A general principle is proposed, which provides feasible and practical guidance for the construction of parity-check matrices. According to the specific structure of the matrix, each parity bit at a coupling position is jointly determined by the information bits at the current position and the encoded bits at former positions. Performance analysis in terms of design rate and density evolution has been presented. It can be observed that, in addition to the feature of recursive encoding, selected code structures constructed by the newly proposed method may lead to better belief-propagation thresholds than the conventional structures. Finite-length simulation results are provided as well, which verify the theoretical analysis.
The Effective Multicasting Routing Protocol in Wireless Mobile Adhoc Network

With the advance of wireless communication technology, portable computers with radios are being increasingly deployed in common activities. Applications such as conferences, meetings, lectures, crowed control, search and rescue, disaster recovery, and automated battlefields typically do not have central administration. In adhoc networks, each host must act as a router since routes are mostly multi hop. Nodes in such a networks move arbitrarily, thus network topology changes frequently. The protocol termed ODMRP is a mesh-based instead of tree -based, multicast protocol that provides richer connectivity among multicast members. The major strengths of ODMRP are its simplicity. We can further improve its performance. We propose new techniques to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of ODMRP. Primary goals of enhanced ODMRP: Improve adaptivity to node movement patterns. Transmit control packets only when necessary, Reconstruct routes in anticipation of topology changes, Improve hop-by-hop transmission reliability, and eliminate route acquisition latency.
Del Mediterráneo al cono sur: Las transiciones a la democracia de Chile, Portugal y España en perspectiva comparada

espanolEn el presente articulo realizaremos un estudio comparativo de las transiciones a la democracia que tuvieron lugar en el ultimo cuarto del siglo XX en Espana, Portugal y Chile, con el objetivo de crear una vision de conjunto que ayude a entender mejor la evolucion politica, economica y social de esos paises encuadrandolas en su contexto historico global, y que lecciones se pueden extraer de las mismas. Se analizaran factores comunes como la politica interior, la economia, el contexto internacional, el papel del ejercito y de la sociedad civil, la incidencia de la violencia politica, los procesos de negociacion entre las diversas fuerzas politicas y las peculiaridades locales de cada caso. EnglishIn the present article we will carry out a comparative study of the transitions to democracy that took place in the last quarter of the 20th century in Spain, Portugal and Chile, with the aim of creating an overall vision that helps for a better understanding the political, economic and social evolution of these countries, framing them in their global historical context, and what lessons can be drawn from them. Common factors will be analyzed, such as domestic policy, the economy, the international context, the role of the army and civil society, the incidence of political violence, the negotiation processes between the various political forces and the local peculiarities of each case.
Who Wins 'Twice'? An Analysis of the Double Jeopardy Phenomenon Within Polish Internet Informational Portals

The double jeopardy phenomenon is widely observed in many markets. The authors, analyzing Polish informational portals, examine the double jeopardy phenomenon in the Internet. They look for correlation between number of users and their "purchase" of portals - it means the intensity of using a particular web-site. The suitability of the w(1-b) model in the prediction of the double jeopardy phenomenon is also tested. The authors discuss the implications of double jeopardy for creating Internet brands.
Towards reduction of type II theories on SU(3) structure manifolds

We revisit the reduction of type II supergravity on SU(3) structure manifolds conjectured to lead to gauged = 2 supergravity in 4 dimensions. The reduction proceeds by expanding the invariant 2- and 3-forms of the SU(3) structure as well as the gauge potentials of the type II theory in the same set of forms, the analogues of harmonic forms in the case of Calabi-Yau reductions. By focussing on the metric sector, we arrive at a list of constraints these expansion forms should satisfy to yield a base point independent reduction. Identifying these constraints is a first step towards a first-principles reduction of type II on SU(3) structure manifolds.
The impact of product development on the lifecycle of defects

This paper investigates the defects of a large embedded software development project over a period of about two years. It describes how software development and product development are organized in parallel branches. By mapping the defects reported on product development branches to the releases on the main line of software development, the paper shows the impact of the product development strategy on the defect lifecycle in software development.
Population bottlenecks and Pleistocene human evolution.

We review the anatomical and archaeological evidence for an early population bottleneck in humans and bracket the time when it could have occurred. We outline the subsequent demographic changes that the archaeological evidence of range expansions and contractions address, and we examine how inbreeding effective population size provides an alternative view of past population size change. This addresses the question of other, more recent, population size bottlenecks, and we review nonrecombining and recombining genetic systems that may reflect them. We examine how these genetic data constrain the possibility of significant population size bottlenecks (i.e., of sufficiently small size and/or long duration to minimize genetic variation in autosomal and haploid systems) at several different critical times in human history. Different constraints appear in nonrecombining and recombining systems, and among the autosomal loci most are incompatible with any Pleistocene population size expansions. Microsatellite data seem to show Pleistocene population size expansions, but in aggregate they are difficult to interpret because different microsatellite studies do not show the same expansion. The archaeological data are only compatible with a few of these analyses, most prominently with data from Alu elements, and we use these facts to question whether the view of the past from analysis of inbreeding effective population size is valid. Finally, we examine the issue of whether inbreeding effective population size provides any reasonable measure of the actual past size of the human species. We contend that if the evidence of a population size bottleneck early in the evolution of our lineage is accepted, most genetic data either lack the resolution to address subsequent changes in the human population or do not meet the assumptions required to do so validly. It is our conclusion that, at the moment, genetic data cannot disprove a simple model of exponential population growth following a bottleneck 2 MYA at the origin of our lineage and extending through the Pleistocene. Archaeological and paleontological data indicate that this model is too oversimplified to be an accurate reflection of detailed population history, and therefore we find that genetic data lack the resolution to validly reflect many details of Pleistocene human population change. However, there is one detail that these data are sufficient to address. Both genetic and anthropological data are incompatible with the hypothesis of a recent population size bottleneck. Such an event would be expected to leave a significant mark across numerous genetic loci and observable anatomical traits, but while some subsets of data are compatible with a recent population size bottleneck, there is no consistently expressed effect that can be found across the range where it should appear, and this absence disproves the hypothesis.
Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis of Molecular Absorption in Short-Range Terahertz Communications

Graphene is enabling a plethora of applications in a wide range of fields due to its unique electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. In this context, graphene antennas are envisioned to enable ultra-high-speed wireless communication in short transmission ranges, due to both their reduced size and their radiation frequency in the terahertz band. Despite its high potential bandwidth, the terahertz band presents several phenomena that may impair the communication and reduce the achievable data rate. In this letter, the phenomenon of molecular absorption is quantitatively analyzed, evaluating the scalability of both time- and frequency-domain performance metrics with the transmission distance. The results of this analysis show that molecular absorption creates a tradeoff between the achievable throughput and the maximum transmission distance at which short-range terahertz wireless communications can successfully take place.
Dynamic Scheduling for a Turbo CDMA Receiver using EXIT Charts

In this paper we utilize extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart analysis in a coded direct-sequence codedivision multiple-access (DS-CDMA) multiuser receiver to dynamically derive the optimal decoding schedule in the unequal user power level case. Conventional receivers generally follow a predetermined decoding schedule. However, decoding delay and complexity can be significantly reduced while maintaining BER performance through optimisation of the decoding schedule. We show dynamic scheduling, that is deriving the optimal schedule on-line after each iteration of the receiver, is a more flexible approach which improves the BER performance in comparison to the static (off-line) optimised schedule for similar complexity savings over the conventional receiver.
Beyond transgression: mountain biking, young people and managing green spaces

ABSTRACT The importance of regular participation in physical activity in youth has seen attention turn to the role of lifestyle sports. Existing research on lifestyle sports lacks consideration of young people’s use of green spaces and the approaches of managers to conflicts in these spaces. Young people’s experiences of leisure are closely tied to those who oversee their use of leisure spaces and this paper is a rare example of research that draws upon qualitative methods from 40 mountain biking participants and 9 managers to explore both perspectives. Findings reveal young people seek opportunities for autonomy in green spaces through mountain biking but contest normative management practices. Managers recognized the benefits of engaging young people in mountain biking and discussed experimenting with various strategies to accommodate their practices. The paper therefore discusses the importance of moving beyond constructions of young people’s participation in lifestyle sports as transgressive and troublesome.
Dietary Chromium Restriction of Pregnant Mice Changes the Methylation Status of Hepatic Genes Involved with Insulin Signaling in Adult Male Offspring

Maternal undernutrition is linked with an elevated risk of diabetes mellitus in offspring regardless of the postnatal dietary status. This is also found in maternal micro-nutrition deficiency, especial chromium which is a key glucose regulator. We investigated whether maternal chromium restriction contributes to the development of diabetes in offspring by affecting DNA methylation status in liver tissue. After being mated with control males, female weanling 8-week-old C57BL mice were fed a control diet (CON, 1.19 mg chromium/kg diet) or a low chromium diet (LC, 0.14 mg chromium/kg diet) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, some offspring were shifted to the other diet (CON-LC, or LC-CON), while others remained on the same diet (CON-CON, or LC-LC) for 29 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and oral glucose tolerance test was performed to evaluate the glucose metabolism condition. Methylation differences in liver from the LC-CON group and CON-CON groups were studied by using a DNA methylation array. Bisulfite sequencing was carried out to validate the results of the methylation array. Maternal chromium limitation diet increased the body weight, blood glucose, and serum insulin levels. Even when switched to the control diet after weaning, the offspring also showed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. DNA methylation profiling of the offspring livers revealed 935 differentially methylated genes in livers of the maternal chromium restriction diet group. Pathway analysis identified the insulin signaling pathway was the main process affected by hypermethylated genes. Bisulfite sequencing confirmed that some genes in insulin signaling pathway were hypermethylated in livers of the LC-CON and LC-LC group. Accordingly, the expression of genes in insulin signaling pathway was downregulated. There findings suggest that maternal chromium restriction diet results in glucose intolerance in male offspring through alterations in DNA methylation which is associated with the insulin signaling pathway in the mice livers.
An Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the most recently proposed swarm intelligence algorithms for global optimization. It performs well in most cases; however, there still exist some problems it cannot solve very well. This paper presents a novel hybrid Hooke Jeeves ABC (HJABC) algorithm with intensification search based on the Hooke Jeeves pattern search and the ABC. The main purpose is to demonstrate how the standard ABC can be improved by incorporating a hybridization strategy. The proposed algorithm is tested on 7 benchmark functions including a wide range of dimensions. Numerical results show that the new algorithm is promising in terms of convergence speed, success rate and solution accuracy.
A multiple-row transistor placement system for full custom design

This paper presents a multiple-row transistor placement system for full custom design. The system is flexible in supporting a wide variety of process technologies and a range of library template styles. This automatic transistor placer provides many options for users to customize their layouts. Transistor folding, transistor pairing, transistor chaining, row partitioning, and transistor placement are integrated into this system for the generation of high-performance, dense, design-rule correct layouts. In addition, a high level stick diagram, enabling gate swapping, splitting and merging gives layout designers the ability to perform manual optimization without the need to prepare different sizes of gate transistors for supporting these device manipulations. Experimental results indicate that the automatic generated transistor layouts are competitive with manually designed layouts in terms of execution time and the numbers of diffusion breaks.
Regression Testing Cost Reduction Suite

The estimated cost of software maintenance exceeds 70 percent of total software costs [1], and large portion of this maintenance expenses is devoted to regression testing. Regression testing is an expensive and frequently executed maintenance activity used to revalidate the modified software. Any reduction in the cost of regression testing would help to reduce the software maintenance cost. Test suites once developed are reused and updated frequently as the software evolves. As a result, some test cases in the test suite may become redundant when the software is modified over time since the requirements covered by them are also covered by other test cases. Due to the resource and time constraints for re-executing large test suites, it is important to develop techniques to minimize available test suites by removing redundant test cases. In general, the test suite minimization problem is NP complete. This paper focuses on proposing an effective approach for reducing the cost of regression testing process. The proposed approach is applied on real-time case study. It was found that the reduction in cost of regression testing for each regression testing cycle is ranging highly improved in the case of programs containing high number of selected statements which in turn maximize the benefits of using it in regression testing of complex software systems. The reduction in the regression test suite size will reduce the effort and time required by the testing teams to execute the regression test suite. Since regression testing is done more frequently in software maintenance phase, the overall software maintenance cost can be reduced considerably by applying the proposed approach.
Intersecting D5-brane models with massive vector-like leptons

We construct eight-stack intersecting D5-brane models, with an orbifold transverse space, that yield the (non-supersymmetric) standard model up to vector-like leptons. The matter includes right-chiral neutrinos and the models have the renormalisable Yukawa couplings to tachyonic Higgs doublets needed to generate mass terms for all matter, including the vector-like leptons. The models are constrained by the requirement that twisted tadpoles cancel, that the gauge boson coupled to the weak hypercharge U(1)Y does not get a string-scale mass via a generalised Green-Schwarz mechanism, and that there are no surviving, unwanted gauged U(1) symmetries coupled to matter. Gauge coupling constant ratios close to those measured are easily obtained for reasonable values of the parameters, consistently with having the string scale close to the electroweak scale, as required to avoid the hierarchy problem. Unwanted (colour-triplet, charged-singlet, and neutral-singlet) scalar tachyons can be removed by a suitable choice of the parameters.