Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian substantia nigra

New neurons are generated from stem cells in a few regions of the adult mammalian brain. Here we provide evidence for the generation of dopaminergic projection neurons of the type that are lost in Parkinson's disease from stem cells in the adult rodent brain and show that the rate of neurogenesis is increased after a lesion. The number of new neurons generated under physiological conditions in substantia nigra pars compacta was found to be several orders of magnitude smaller than in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. However, if the rate of neuronal turnover is constant, the entire population of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra could be replaced during the lifespan of a mouse. These data indicate that neurogenesis in the adult brain is more widespread than previously thought and may have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
Loss of the Tumor Suppressor Pten Promotes Proliferation of Drosophila melanogaster Cells In Vitro and Gives Rise to Continuous Cell Lines

In vivo analysis of Drosophila melanogaster has enhanced our understanding of many biological processes, notably the mechanisms of heredity and development. While in vivo analysis of mutants has been a strength of the field, analyzing fly cells in culture is valuable for cell biological, biochemical and whole genome approaches in which large numbers of homogeneous cells are required. An efficient genetic method to derive Drosophila cell lines using expression of an oncogenic form of Ras (RasV12) has been developed. Mutations in tumor suppressors, which are known to cause cell hyperproliferation in vivo, could provide another method for generating Drosophila cell lines. Here we screened Drosophila tumor suppressor mutations to test if they promoted cell proliferation in vitro. We generated primary cultures and determined when patches of proliferating cells first emerged. These cells emerged on average at 37 days in wild-type cultures. Using this assay we found that a Pten mutation had a strong effect. Patches of proliferating cells appeared on average at 11 days and the cultures became confluent in about 3 weeks, which is similar to the timeframe for cultures expressing RasV12. Three Pten mutant cell lines were generated and these have now been cultured for between 250 and 630 cell doublings suggesting the life of the mutant cells is likely to be indefinite. We conclude that the use of Pten mutants is a powerful means to derive new Drosophila cell lines.
Exploratory Research on Employee Publications

Employee publications are used extensively in organizations, but relatively little research has been conducted on the nature and impact of these unique communication tools. This rationale provided the impetus for this research project, which involved analyzing the results of a questionnaire sent to the editors of300 employee publications . Respondents were also asked to include a copy of their employee publication and 53 editors did so. The basic analysis consisted of examining the survey responses and critically analyzing the actual publications. A theoretical orientation to the unique dynamics faced by editors is presented and five basic conclusions were reached in the study. First, the results of this study were similar to past research on the characteristics of the "typical publication. " Second, there appears to be some congruency between the stated purpose and the type of articles actually contained in the publications. Third, there was little evidence that employee publications were formally evaluated. Fourth, the major purpose and focus of employee publications appears to be employee recognition. Fifth, the evidence suggests that many editors appear to be leaning towards the "trivialization" strategy.
Bridging socio-cultural incongruity: conceptualising the success of students from low socio-economic status backgrounds in Australian higher education

This article examines the conceptual frames that might be used to consider the success and achievement of students from low socio-economic status in Australian higher education. Based on an examination of key literature from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and North America, it is argued that Australia should avoid adopting either a deficit conception of students from low socio-economic backgrounds or a deficit conception of the institutions into which they will move. Further, rather than it being the primary responsibility of the student or of the institution to change to ensure the success of these students, it is argued that the adjustments necessary to ensure achievement for students from low socio-economic backgrounds in Australian higher education would be most usefully conceptualised as a ‘joint venture’ toward bridging socio-cultural incongruity.
The environment of the fast rotating star Achernar ⋆ II. Thermal infrared interferometry with VLTI/MIDI

Context. As is the case of several other Be stars, Achernar is surrounded by an envelope, recently detected by near-IR interferometry. Aims. We search for the signature of circumstellar emission at distances of a few stellar radii from Achernar, in the thermal IR domain. Methods. We obtained interferometric observations on three VLTI baselines in the N band (8-13� m), using the MIDI instrument. Results. From the measured visibilities, we derive the angular extension and flux contribution of the N band circumstellar emission in the polar direction of Achernar. The interferometricall y resolved polar envelope contributes 13.4± 2.5 % of the photospheric flux in the N band, with a full width at half maximum of 9.9± 2.3 mas (≈ 6 R⋆). This flux contribution is in good agreement with the photometric IR excess of 10-20% measured by fitting the spect ral energy distribution. Due to our limited azimuth coverage, we can only establish an upper limit of 5-10 % for the equatorial envelope. We compare the observed properties of the envelope with an existing model of this star computed with the SIMECA code. Conclusions. The observed extended emission in the thermal IR along the polar direction of Achernar is well reproduced by the existing SIMECA model. Already detected at 2.2� m, this polar envelope is most probably an observational signature of the fast wind ejected by the hot polar caps of the star.
Property attribution in metaphor comprehension

Abstract Metaphors of the formX is a Ymay be conceived as statements of property attribution, in which properties of the vehicleYare attributed to the topicX. The properties attributed from the vehicle to the topic are those that are epitomized by the vehicle, and may characterize a dimension of within-category variation in the topic. We report two experiments that tested the implications of this “property attribution” view of metaphor comprehension. One implication of this view is that metaphors are not implicitly transformed into comparisons (X is like a Y), but rather are understood as what they appear to be: class-inclusion assertions. If metaphors are understood as class-inclusion assertions, they should either change meaning or become nonsensical when reversed. Experiment 1 provides evidence for this claim. A second implication of the property attribution view is that topics and vehicles provide different kinds of information to guide and constrain the comprehension process. Experiment 2 provides evidence for this claim. These findings cannot be accounted for by models which assume that metaphors are understood as implicit comparisons.
The primary function of a redundant Sp1 binding site in the mouse aprt gene promoter is to block epigenetic gene inactivation.

The promoter region of the mouse adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) gene contains one non-consensus Sp1 binding site at its 5' end followed by three consensus Sp1 binding sites. The two 3'-most binding sites are sufficient for maximal expression of aprt , suggesting that the non-consensus and consensus binding sites at the 5' end are redundant. However, the two 3' sites are not sufficient to block epigenetic inactivation, which led to the hypothesis that the redundant consensus and/or non-consensus 5' Sp1 binding sites are required to block inactivation events. To test this hypothesis, promoter region constructs were made in which the two 5' Sp1 binding sites were mutated alone or in tandem, and then each construct was tested for its ability to withstand epigenetic inactivation. A cis -acting methylation center that is normally located 1.2 kb upstream of the promoter was used to induce inactivation. The results demonstrate that the presence of the redundant consensus Sp1 binding site is required to block methylation-associated gene inactivation. Therefore, the Sp1 binding sites comprising the mouse aprt promoter have evolved two distinct functions, one to promote transcription and the other to block epigenetic inactivation.
A Review of Scott E. Page's The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies

How can one tackle reviewing a book, for which entering "scott e page" the difference in google.com produces 24,000 entries? A New York Times, Science Section piece, titled in "Professor's Model, Diversity=Productivity" [Drifus (2008)], a link to a video presentation at the College de France [College de France (2008)], and numerous reviews in blogs along with commentary are only a few of the hits. Max Bazerman's endorsement reads "the book is brilliant. Page has a dazzling eclecticism. " Kenneth J. Arrow's endorsement reads Scott Page has brought to our attention a practically important proposition: diversity of viewpoints is of the greatest importance in sloving the problems that face us individually and collectively. Diversity among a group of problem solvers is more important than individual excellence. Page's exposition remarkably combines lightness and breadth of knowledge with rigor and evidence. " There is no obvious way to approach the review, especially since the book is clearly aimed a very specific audience. In fact, it is telling how diverse is the group of the "oh so-many other people" [Page (2007), p. xiv] who commented on parts of earlier versions. I start with a brief summary and then present the book's thesis, with the evidence coming first. The presentation is sprinkled with my reactions throughout. I close with a summary evaluation.
Local delivery of glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor improves facial nerve regeneration after late repair

Facial nerve regeneration is limited in some clinical situations: in long grafts, by aged patients, and when the delay between nerve lesion and repair is prolonged. This deficient regeneration is due to the limited number of regenerating nerve fibers, their immaturity and the unresponsiveness of Schwann cells after a long period of denervation. This study proposes to apply glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on facial nerve grafts via nerve guidance channels to improve the regeneration.
Biometrika Trust On a Class of Skew Distribution Functions

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Biometrika Trust is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Biometrika.
The relationship between HRM practices and organizational commitment of knowledge workers. Facts obtained from Swiss SMEs

This paper explores the effects of human resource management (HRM) practices in Swiss small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs). More specifically, the main objective of this study is to assess the impacts of HRM practices developed in Swiss SMEs upon the commitment of knowledge workers. Using data from a survey of over 198 knowledge workers, this study shows the importance of looking closer at HRM practices and, furthermore, to really investigate the impacts of the different HRM practices on employees' commitment. Results show, for example, that organizational support, procedural justice and the reputation of the organization may clearly influence knowledge workers' commitment, whereas other HRM practices such as involvement in decision-making, skills management or even the degree of satisfaction with pay do not have any impact on knowledge workers' commitment.
A clustering method based on dominance for triangular fuzzy numbers in subjective decision-making

In the studies, a fuzzy clustering method based on dominance for triangular fuzzy numbers was proposed. In this proposed method, the dominance of interval numbers was applied to sort directly the final clustering relationships matrix of subjective interval numbers in decision-making. The clustering model for triangular interval numbers was constructed to calculate exactly the final clustering relationships among subjective interval numbers. The expected value was used as decision-making focus among interval numbers with considering the subjective decision-making risk attitude. Finally, cases of improved fuzzy clustering method and clustering based on subjective rating comments were provided. Comparative results analysis proved the effectiveness of the improved clusering method in subjective decision-making. And it had a good performance to increase the distinguishability between final cluser result and the rest clusters.
Moving Forward in the Debate on Causal Indicators: Rejoinder to Comments

We want to thank all of the commentators for a constructive and lively debate. We are gratified to have such an esteemed group of experts take the time to offer their perspectives. In general, the comments were split among affirming and dissenting arguments on the use of causal indicators. The variety of comments reflects that the time and place was ideal for a productive discussion about causal indicators. The commentators identify a number of directions for future research that can pave the way toward continued resolution of the controversy surrounding causal indicators. Our response has the following sections. First we will give a brief summary of each comment. We follow this with a section on points of agreement and a larger section that covers major areas of disagreement. We end with suggested future directions and conclusions.
The Impact of Value Mispeculation on Branch Resolution in Out-of-Order Superscalar Microprocessors

An article of jewelry has an appearance of a cluster of gem stones instead of a piece of gold with gem stones mounted on it. First, a group of gem stones is selected according to size, color, and shape. Then the gem stones are arranged in a desired cluster or geometrical pattern. Next, the cluster arrangement is inverted and the pattern of the back of the cluster is traced. Then, a custom frame or crown of prongs is formed for each gem stone and all frames or crowns are welded together into a matrix, in the desirable geometrical arrangement. Each gem stone is set into its own frame or crown and an edge of the frame is molded as a bezel, or prongs are bent, over the sloping edge facet of the gem stone. Either way, the impact of the resulting jewelry is one of a cluster of gem stones and is not one of a piece of gold or other metal with a stone set on it.
The effects of placental insufficiency on the fetal lung

Any discussion of this subject 10 to 15 years ago would of necessity have been limited to morbid anatomical concepts with descriptions mainly of inhaled amniotic debris and the possible prenatal origin of hyaline membrane disease (HMD). With the advances in knowledge of fetal pulmonary physiology, the production and absorption of lung liquid, surfactant synthetic pathways and fetal breathing movements, we are now in a position to consider the possible effects of placental insufficiency in terms of altered fetal pulmonary physiology. In this paper I propose to consider how placental insufficiency may impinge on the functional activities of the developing lung and how this may affect adaptation to extrauterine respiration. I intend to be thoroughly provocative and to use available evidence to construct a tenuous hypothesis of my own on the mechanisms responsible for normal control of fetal lung growth and the triggering of biochemical lung maturation.
The art of fin regeneration in zebrafish

Abstract The zebrafish fin provides a valuable model to study the epimorphic type of regeneration, whereby the amputated part of the appendage is nearly perfectly replaced. To accomplish fin regeneration, two reciprocally interacting domains need to be established at the injury site, namely a wound epithelium and a blastema. The wound epithelium provides a supporting niche for the blastema, which contains mesenchyme‐derived progenitor cells for the regenerate. The fate of blastemal daughter cells depends on their relative position with respect to the fin margin. The apical compartment of the outgrowth maintains its undifferentiated character, whereas the proximal descendants of the blastema progressively switch from the proliferation program to the morphogenesis program. A delicate balance between self‐renewal and differentiation has to be continuously adjusted during the course of regeneration. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of blastema formation, and discusses several studies related to the regulation of growth and morphogenesis during fin regeneration. A wide range of canonical signaling pathways has been implicated during the establishment and maintenance of the blastema. Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular plasticity during the transition between differentiation states. Ion fluxes, gap‐junctional communication and protein phosphatase activity have been shown to coordinate proliferation and tissue patterning in the caudal fin. The identification of the downstream targets of the fin regeneration signals and the discovery of mechanisms integrating the variety of input pathways represent exciting future aims in this fascinating field of research.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy by massively parallel genomic sequencing of DNA in maternal plasma

Chromosomal aneuploidy is the major reason why couples opt for prenatal diagnosis. Current methods for definitive diagnosis rely on invasive procedures, such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis, and are associated with a risk of fetal miscarriage. Fetal DNA has been found in maternal plasma but exists as a minor fraction among a high background of maternal DNA. Hence, quantitative perturbations caused by an aneuploid chromosome in the fetal genome to the overall representation of sequences from that chromosome in maternal plasma would be small. Even with highly precise single molecule counting methods such as digital PCR, a large number of DNA molecules and hence maternal plasma volume would need to be analyzed to achieve the necessary analytical precision. Here we reasoned that instead of using approaches that target specific gene loci, the use of a locus-independent method would greatly increase the number of target molecules from the aneuploid chromosome that could be analyzed within the same fixed volume of plasma. Hence, we used massively parallel genomic sequencing to quantify maternal plasma DNA sequences for the noninvasive prenatal detection of fetal trisomy 21. Twenty-eight first and second trimester maternal plasma samples were tested. All 14 trisomy 21 fetuses and 14 euploid fetuses were correctly identified. Massively parallel plasma DNA sequencing represents a new approach that is potentially applicable to all pregnancies for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies.
Phonological Function in Cheyenne

0. Some features of general and theoretical interest have been overlooked in the brief published notes on Cheyenne phonology.2 Of particular interest are the varied functions of sibilants and of voiceless vocoids. It will be shown in this paper that in certain positions within larger phonological units sibilants at two points of articulation and voiceless vocoids of three qualities are in complementary distribution. The two sibilants in other positions, however, function either as full phonemes in contrast one with another and with voiceless vocoids, or as subphonemic off-glides. The voiceless vocoids, in turn, function in other contexts as either conditioned variants of a single consonantal phoneme, or as vowels exhibiting three contrasting tongue positions. A phonemic analysis of Cheyenne is suggested which recognizes phonological function slots and which focuses attention on those contrasts which are relevant to each slot. 1. A routine phonemic analysis of Cheyenne yields fifteen consonantal pho-
Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return

In most scholarly discussions of ethnic communities, immigrants, and aliens, and in most treatments of relationships between minorities and majorities, little if any attention has been devoted to diasporas. In the most widely read books on nationalism and ethnonationalism. the phenomenon is not considered worthy of discussion, let alone index entries. This omission is not surprising, for through the ages, the Diaspora had a very specific meaning: the exile of the Jews from their historic homeland and their dispersion throughout many lands, signifying as well the oppression and moral degradation implied by that dispersion. But a unique phenomenon is not very useful for social scientists attempting to make generalizations. Today, “diaspora” and, more specifically, “diaspora community” seem increasingly to be used as metaphoric designations for several categories of people—expatriates, expellees, political refugees, alien residents, immigrants, and ethnic and racial minorities tout court—in much the same way that “ghetto” has come to designate all kinds of crowded, constricted, and disprivileged urban environments, and “holocaust” has come to be applied to all kinds of mass murder.
Foreign language acquisition and melody singing

This article considers the value of relating music and language in the EFL classroom. From an ontological point of view, sounds are the roots of both music and speech. Our ‘melodic approach’ is based on the evidence that musicality of speech has an effect not only on the pronunciation skills of EFL students but also on their entire language acquisition process. A number of suggestions are made to provide the teacher with a range of teaching devices.
A cross-layer design for generic interference-limited multicarrier networks

In this paper, we develop a novel framework for optimizing data routes, subcarrier schedules and power allocations in generic half-duplex interference-limited multicarrier networks. In this framework each subcarrier can be both reused and time-shared by multiple nodes. Thus, this framework subsumes designs in which time-sharing and frequency-reuse are considered separately, and can therefore offer significant performance gains over them. Considering both time-sharing and frequency-reuse jointly gives rise to generally difficult to solve non-convex optimization problems. However, using approximation techniques based on geometric programming, we provide a computationally-efficient method for obtaining locally optimal solutions. Numerical examples confirm that the framework proposed herein yields achievable data rates that are superior to those yielded by currently available designs.