Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the Achilles heel of genetic heterogeneity: machine learning-based classification and immunological properties of necroptosis clusters in Alzheimer’s disease

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease, and the currently available diagnostic modalities and therapeutic agents are unsatisfactory due to its high clinical heterogeneity. Necroptosis is a common type of programmed cell death that has been shown to be activated in AD. Methods In this study, we first investigated the expression profiles of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) and the immune landscape of AD based on GSE33000 dataset. Next, the AD samples in the GSE33000 dataset were extracted and subjected to consensus clustering based upon the differentially expressed NRGs. Key genes associated with necroptosis clusters were identified using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm, and then intersected with the key gene related to AD. Finally, we developed a diagnostic model for AD by comparing four different machine learning approaches. The discrimination performance and clinical relevance of the diagnostic model were assessed using various evaluation metrics, including the nomogram, calibration plot, decision curve analysis (DCA), and independent validation datasets. Results Aberrant expression patterns of NRGs and specific immune landscape were identified in the AD samples. Consensus clustering revealed that patients in the GSE33000 dataset could be classified into two necroptosis clusters, each with distinct immune landscapes and enriched pathways. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) was found to be the most optimal diagnostic model for the AD based on the predictive ability and reliability of the models constructed by four machine learning approaches. The five most important variables, including ACAA2, BHLHB4, CACNA2D3, NRN1, and TAC1, were used to construct a five-gene diagnostic model. The constructed nomogram, calibration plot, DCA, and external independent validation datasets exhibited outstanding diagnostic performance for AD and were closely related with the pathologic hallmarks of AD. Conclusion This work presents a novel diagnostic model that may serve as a framework to study disease heterogeneity and provide a plausible mechanism underlying neuronal loss in AD.
MODELING RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE ANJENI WATERSHED IN THE BLUE NILE BASIN

Models accurately representing the underlying hydrological processes in the Nile Basin are necessary for implementation of effective soil and water conservation practices. Despite this, most models currently being used in the Nile basin have been developed for temperate climates and might not apply fully to the monsoonal climates with distinct dry periods in the Nile basin. Recently a landscape based hydrology model was developed for the monsoonal climates in the Ethiopian highlands by dividing the watershed in areas that produce runoff and areas in which the all water infiltrates and eventually becomes interflow or base flow. The model was calibrated and validated to predict the discharge of the whole Blue Nile Basin. The objective of this study was to test the validity of the assumptions concerning the runoff processes on a small scale. The study was carried out in the Anjeni Watershed in the Blue Nile Basin for which discharge and rainfall measurements were available for an extended period. Thirty piezometers were installed in four transects and the water table was measured during the rainy season. The performance of the model was evaluated using three different techniques: coefficient of determination, Nash and Sutcliff, and root mean square error (RMSE). Model calibration and validation indicated a good fit between the observed and simulated discharge values. Values of coefficient of determination for calibration were obtained to be 0.84, 0.89 and 0.95 for the daily, weekly and monthly time steps, respectively. Similarly, Nash and Sutcliff values of 0.84, 0.83 and 0.96 were obtained respectively. The runoff production mechanism in the Northern part found to be saturation excess although in practice there is very little difference with infiltration excess runoff while in the southern, a combination of saturation excess from the top and flow of water through cracks and openings with more percentage of the flow is through the cracks and fissures.
Evaluation of batch test for measurement of active biomass in activated sludge mixed liquor

The engineering and technology of the activated sludge system are reasonably well established, with systems implemented worldwide for the biological removal of C, N and/or P. Parallel to this development, significant advances have been made in the microbiological and biochemical areas of activated sludge. These advances have been driven by the development of new analytical techniques that allow microorganisms to be studied in situ in the activated sludge environment. However, there has been little crosslinking and overlap between the engineering and technology and microbiology and biochemistry paradigms. In particular, the information from the microbiology and biochemistry has not been integrated into the engineering and technology paradigm, to enable improved system design and optimization. One area that can form a starting point to build bridges between the two paradigm sets, is measurement of active biomass. The current design and simulation models for activated sludge systems invariably include active biomass for each organism group as fundamental parameters which define quantitatively the kinetic rates of the relevant biological processes. However, these parameters remain purely hypothetical because to date they have not been quantitatively measured; their acceptance is based on the consistency of model predicted results over a wide range of application. This paper describes the development of simple batch test procedures for the quantitative measurement of the heterotrophic and autotrophic active biomass concentrations within the engineering and technology paradigm. Data from such batch tests for heterotrophic and autotrophic active biomass concentrations are presented and the results compared to the theoretical active biomass concentrations derived from the activated sludge system models. Reasonably close correlation between the experimentally measured and theoretical concentrations for heterotrophic active biomass has been obtained, but the correlation for autotrophic active biomass is poor. The paper also describes the formulation of a multinational project which will attempt to link the active biomass measurements from the batch tests and the theoretically derived values from the activated sludge system models, together with the defined engineering environment, to the new microbiological and biochemical analytical techniques. It is hoped that this project will facilitate integration of the two paradigms sets.
ASPECTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IMPACTED ON PATIENTS WITH PROLONGED COVID-19 SYMPTOMS (LONG COVID)

Background: A subset of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 is encountering persistent post-COVID symptoms. These symptoms can significantly impede their quality of life and exert profound effects on their day-to-day functioning. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the dimensions of quality of life most affected in patients with long COVID symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was applied using the SF-36 questionnaire which was distributed on Twitter and Instagram. Furthermore, a total of 122 respondents were obtained through accidental sampling. The association between variables was analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Respondents who completed the questionnaire (n=122) came from different regions, with West Java as the largest area of origin (37.70%). In addition, the majority were female (n=103, 84.4%) under 25 years old (n=92, 75.41%), and the three symptoms experienced were fatigue (n=108; 35.29%), brain fog (n=61;19.93%), and olfactory disturbances (n=54; 17.65%). There was an association between long COVID duration and gender (p= 0.03). However, there was no association between other demographic characteristics with long COVID duration (p > 0.05). General health (41.67 (IQR=29), p= 0.00) and vitality (40.00 (IQR=20), p= 0.02) were the two aspects of quality of life significantly altered in patients with long COVID symptoms more than 3 months. Conclusion: The aspects of quality of life, particularly general health and vitality, experienced a significant decline in post-COVID-19 patients with long COVID symptoms for more than 3 months.
Multicrane Visual Sorting System Based on Deep Learning With Virtualized Programmable Logic Controllers in Industrial Internet

We develop a deep-learning-based multicrane visual sorting system with virtualized programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in intelligent manufacturing, which enables the accurate location and suction of the materials on the conveyor belt. First, virtualized PLCs are deployed in the field and the cloud to break data islands for efficient communication between low-level devices. Second, artificial intelligence algorithms are integrated into the physical industrial control system in which cooperation between virtualized PLCs and the visual recognition model is developed to complete the industrial control closed loop. Third, we establish a visual recognition model in which object detection algorithms are used to process the original image and then obtain the position and type of the object in the pixel coordinate system. In addition, a new linear interpolation-based backpropagation neural network is presented to provide the transform relation between the pixel coordinate system and the world coordinate system that the crane needs to precisely suck the material. The whole system is applied in a time-sensitive network environment in a highly reliable and stable manner. The experimental prototype system demonstrates that high recognition accuracy can be achieved for the visual sorting system within an acceptable time frame. The accuracy of the sorting task reaches 96.5% and the average consumption time of each object is approximately 2.317 s when the speed of the conveyor belt is 5.2 m/min.
Non-Structural Proteins (Nsp): A Marker for Detection of Human Coronavirus Families

SARS-CoV-2 was the cause of the global pandemic that caused a total of 14.9 million deaths during the years 2020 and 2021, according to the WHO. The virus presents a mutation rate between 10−5 and 10−3 substitutions per nucleotide site per cell infection (s/n/c). Due to this, studies aimed at knowing the evolution of this virus could help us to foresee (through the future development of new detection strategies and vaccines that prevent the infection of this virus in human hosts) that a pandemic caused by this virus will be generated again. In this research, we performed a functional annotation and identification of changes in Nsp (non-structural proteins) domains in the coronavirus genome. The comparison of the 13 selected coronavirus pangenomes demonstrated a total of 69 protein families and 57 functions associated with the structural domain’s differentials between genomes. A marked evolutionary conservation of non-structural proteins was observed. This allowed us to identify and classify highly pathogenic human coronaviruses into alpha, beta, gamma, and delta groups. The designed Nsp cluster provides insight into the trajectory of SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that it continues to evolve rapidly. An evolutionary marker allows us to discriminate between phylogenetically divergent groups, viral genotypes, and variants between the alpha and betacoronavirus genera. These types of evolutionary studies provide a window of opportunity to use these Nsp as targets of viral therapies.
Fumigant activity and transcriptomic analysis of two plant essential oils against the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda

Introduction: The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda, R. , 1952 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is currently one of the most devastating pests in the Chinese tea industry. The long-term use of chemical pesticides has a negative impact on human health, impeding the healthy and sustainable development of the tea industry in this region. Therefore, there is a need for non-chemical insecticides to control E. onukii in tea plants. The essential oils from plants have been identified for their potential insecticidal ability; however, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of plant essential oils on E. onukii and its gene expression. Methods: In order to address these knowledge gaps, the components of Pogostemon cablin and Cinnamomum camphora essential oils were analyzed in the present study using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The fumigation toxicity of two essential oils on E. onukii was tested using sealed conical flasks. In addition, We performed comparative transcriptome analyses of E. onukii treated with or without P. cablin essential oil. Results: The 36-h lethal concentration (LC50) values for E. onukii treated with P. cablin and C. camphora essential oils were 0.474 and 1.204 μL mL−1 respectively. Both essential oils exhibited the potential to control E. onukii, but the fumigation activity of P. cablin essential oil was more effective. A total of 2,309 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing of E. onukii treated with P. cablin essential oil. Conclusion: Many of differentially expressed genes were found to contain detoxifification genes, indicating that these families may have played an important role when E. onukii was exposed to essential oil stress. We also found differential expression of genes related to redox-related gene families, suggesting the upregulation of genes associated with possible development of drug and stress resistance. This work offers new insights for the prevention and management of E. onukii in the future.
Ternary Mixed Micelle Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide—Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide—Sodium Deoxycholate: Gibbs Free Energy of Mixing and Excess Gibbs Energy of Mixing

Pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic formulations often contain binary or ternary surfactant mixtures with synergistic interactions amongst micellar building blocks. Here, a ternary mixture of the surfactants hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and sodium deoxycholate is examined to see if the molar fractions of the surfactants in the ternary mixed micellar pseudophase are determined by the interaction coefficients between various pairs of the surfactants or by their propensity to self-associate. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the analyzed ternary mixtures are determined experimentally (spectrofluorimetrically using pyrene as the probe molecule). Thermodynamic parameters of ternary mixtures are calculated from CMC values using the Regular Solution protocol. The tendency for monocomponent surfactants to self-associate (lower value of CMC) determines the molar fractions of surfactant in the mixed micelle if there is no issue with the packing of the micelle building units of the ternary mixed micelle. If a more hydrophobic surfactant is incorporated into the mixed micelle, the system (an aqueous solution of surfactants) is then the most thermodynamically stabilized.
Conditioning and use of prickly pear peels for the production of lignocellulosic enzymes by Aspergillus niger sp. on solid-state cultures

Aspergillus spp produced laccases and xylanases when grown on a solid-state culture on prickly pear peels. Peels were sun-dried, or dried in an oven at different temperatures. The drying rate, the coloration of the dried material, and the degradation susceptibility depended on the drying mode and on temperature. Drying rate was slower for sun-dried peels, and increased at higher temperatures on oven-dried peels. Sun-dried peels were brown, while oven-dried peels were greenish. Fungal cultures grew faster on sun-dried peels and reached highest enzymatic activities earlier. Oven drying caused hornification of peels, delaying both fungal growth and enzyme production. In our study laccases titers were higher than in previous studies using various agricultural residues. Prickly pear peels are a convenient substrate to produce a lignocelulolytic extract that can be used in several bioprocesses.
The Equations and Characteristics of the Magnetic Curves in the Sphere Space

<jats:p>We investigate some geometrical properties of magnetic curves in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> under the action of the Killing magnetic field <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∂</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>b</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∂</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>∂</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>. The other main result is provided about the classification of the equations of the geodesics in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>. Moreover, some most relevant graphs of the main results were drawn in this paper. </jats:p>
Mapping and characteristics of avalanches on mountain glaciers with Sentinel-1

Avalanches are important contributors to the mass balance of glaciers located in mountain ranges with steep topographies. They result in localised over-accumulation that is seldom accounted for in glacier models, due to the difficulty to quantify this contribution, let alone the occurrence of avalanches in these remote regions. Here, we developed an approach 15 to semi-automatically map avalanche deposits over long time periods and at scales of multiple glaciers, utilising imagery from Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). This approach performs particularly well for scenes acquired in winter and in the morning, but can also be used to identify avalanche events throughout the year. We applied this method to map 16,302 avalanche deposits over a period of five years at a 6 to 12 days interval over the Mt Blanc massif (European Alps), the Everest (Central Himalaya) and Hispar (Karakoram) regions. These three survey areas are all characterised by steep mountain slopes, 20 but also present contrasting climatic characteristics. Our results enable the identification of avalanche hotspots at the surface of these glaciers and allow us to quantify the avalanche activity and its spatio-temporal variability across the three regions. The avalanche deposits are preferentially located at lower elevations relative to the hypsometry of the glacierized catchments, and are also constrained to a smaller elevation range at the Asian sites, where they have a limited influence on their extensive debris-covered tongues. Avalanche events coincide with solid precipitation events, which explains the high avalanche activity 25 in winter in the Mt Blanc massif and during the monsoon in the Everest region. However, there is also a time lag of 1-2 months, visible especially in the Everest region, between the precipitation and avalanche events, indicative of some snow retention on the mountain headwalls. Ultimately, this study provides critical insights into these mass redistribution processes as well as tools to account for their influence on glacier mass balance
Effects of Regular and Continuous Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

: This study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of intense acute exercise and regular and continuous exercise on oxidative stress parameters and apoptosis-related Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels in rats. In the study, 1 control and 4 experimental groups were formed from 35 male Wistar-Albino rats, 7 in each group. The control group was not exercised, the other four groups exercised at a speed of 1.5 km/h for 1 hour on a 20-degree incline treadmill every day. Control and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups at the end of the 1st, 7th, 15th, and 30th day, respectively, were sacrificed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity as an antioxidant indicators in muscle and plasma were measured. BAX and BCL-2
Awareness, Associations, Trust, Loyalty, and Brand Equity Kentucky Fried Chicken in East Java Conﬁrmatory Factor Analysis Approach

Thepurposeofthisstudywastoobtainempiricalevidenceofindicators forming awareness, association, trust, loyalty and brand equity of Kentucky Fried Chicken in East Java. The population in this study is KFC customers in regencies andcitiesinEastJavaandisaninﬁnitepopulation,thatis,thesizeofthepopulation isverylargeandthenumberisunknown.sothatthesamplesizeisdeterminedby multiplyingthenumberofindicatorsby10,thenthesamplesizeusedis200KFC customers. ThedataanalysisusedinthisresearchisConﬁrmatoryFactorAnal-ysis.Theresultsshowedthatbrandrecognition,brandrecall,brandrecognition andbrandcharacteristicsareimportantindicatorsasformingbrandawarenessand indicatorsofrememberingthedominantbrandformingbrandawareness.Product beneﬁts,credibility,lifestyleandproductclassareimportantindicatorsasform-ingbrandassociationsandthedominantlifestyleformingbrandassociations. Integrity,competence,reliabilityandattentionareimportantindicatorsasform-ingbrandtrustanddominantcompetenciesformingbrandtrust.Brandloyalty, brandcommitment,positiveattitudetowardsthebrandandrecommendationsare important indicators as forming brand loyalty and positive attitude towards the dominant brand forming brand loyalty. Perceived quality, perceived value, image and pride are important indicators as forming brand equity and dominant image forming brand equity.
Predominant and Substoichiometric Isomers of the Plastid Genome Coexist within Juniperus Plants and Have Shifted Multiple Times during Cupressophyte Evolution

Most land plant plastomes contain two copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) that promote high-frequency homologous recombination to generate isomeric genomic forms. Among conifer plastomes, this canonical IR is highly reduced in Pinaceae and completely lost from cupressophytes. However, both lineages have acquired short, novel IRs, some of which also exhibit recombinational activity to generate genomic structural diversity. This diversity has been shown to exist between, and occasionally within, cupressophyte species, but it is not known whether multiple genomic forms coexist within individual plants. To examine the recombinational potential of the novel cupressophyte IRs within individuals and between species, we sequenced the plastomes of four closely related species of Juniperus. The four plastomes have identical gene content and genome organization except for a large 36 kb inversion between approximately 250 bp IR containing trnQ-UUG. Southern blotting showed that different isomeric versions of the plastome predominate among individual junipers, whereas polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput read-pair mapping revealed the substoichiometric presence of the alternative isomeric form within each individual plant. Furthermore, our comparative genomic studies demonstrate that the predominant and substoichiometric arrangements of this IR have changed several times in other cupressophytes as well. These results provide compelling evidence for substoichiometric shifting of plastomic forms during cupressophyte evolution and suggest that substoichiometric shifting activity in plastid genomes may be adaptive.