Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidance Index for Shallow Landslide Hazard Analysis

Rainfall-induced shallow landslides are one of the most frequent hazards on slanted terrains. Intense storms with high-intensity and long-duration rainfall have high potential to trigger rapidly moving soil masses due to changes in pore water pressure and seepage forces. Nevertheless, regardless of the intensity and/or duration of the rainfall, shallow landslides are influenced by antecedent soil moisture conditions. As of this day, no system exists that dynamically interrelates these two factors on large scales. This work introduces a Shallow Landslide Index (SLI) as the first implementation of antecedent soil moisture conditions for the hazard analysis of shallow rainfall-induced landslides. The proposed mathematical algorithm is built using a logistic regression method that systematically learns from a comprehensive landslide inventory. Initially, root-soil moisture and rainfall measurements modeled from AMSR-E and TRMM respectively, are used as proxies to develop the index. The input dataset is randomly divided into training and verification sets using the Hold-Out method. Validation results indicate that the best-fit model predicts the highest number of cases correctly at 93.2% accuracy. Consecutively, as AMSR-E and TRMM stopped working in October 2011 and April 2015 respectively, root-soil moisture and rainfall measurements modeled by SMAP and GPM are used to develop models that calculate the SLI for 10, 7, and 3 days. The resulting models indicate a strong relationship (78.7%, 79.6%, and 76.8% respectively) between the predictors and the predicted value. The results also highlight important remaining challenges such as adequate information for algorithm functionality and satellite based data reliability. Nevertheless, the experimental system can potentially be used as a dynamic indicator of the total amount of antecedent moisture and rainfall (for a given duration of time) needed to trigger a shallow landslide in a susceptible area. It is indicated that the SLI algorithm can be re-built for other regions where deterministic studies are not feasible. This represents a significant step towards rainfall-induced shallow landslide hazard readiness.
Topological analysis of the brain functional networks

The Internet is one of the largest artificial network in the world, and it is desired to make the large-scale complex Internet into higher quality. Clues to the high quality can be found in human brain functional networks (BFNs) that show various functions at high level. In this paper, we analyze the topological structure and reveal advantages of BFNs from communication network perspective. Results of analysis show that BFNs have properties of fractality and disassortativity, and many superior paths at module-level topology.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOMITMEN BERAGAMA DAN SUBJECTIVE WLL-BEING PADA REMAJA AKHIR

Abstract : Subjective well-being is an evaluation of life quality from cognitive evaluation (life satisfaction) and affective evaluation (positive affect and negative affect experience). In colloquial tern, subjective well-being is labeled “happiness”. People high in subjective well-being have a number of desirable qualities, such as good emotional control, and face many things on their lives in a better way. Therefore, high subjective well-being plays an important role in late adolescent who is accrossing the life span, from childhood through adulthood. There are many resources correlating with subjective well-being and one of them is religious faith. Recently, some researches found the intensity of religions life rising in late adolescents. This research aim is to know whether there is any correlation between religious commitment and subjective well-being in late adolescents. The method in this research is quantitative with purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The research was conducted to college students in Tarumanagara University (Campus I). The college students were Moslems, still had parents, and not a single child in their family. There were 224 subjects in this research at the age of between 19 and 22 years old. The Pearson correlation shows there is a positive correlation between religious commitment and subjective well-being in late adolescents.
Trifocal morphing

Image morphing allows smooth transition between 2D images. However, one of the limitations of existing image morphing techniques is the lack of interaction - the viewpoints of the interpolated images are restrained to the line joining the optical centers of the source and the destination images. Another limitation of existing image morphing techniques is that shape warping often causes distortion due to barycentric mapping. We present our trifocal morphing technique to address these problems. The new technique allows a user to change the viewpoint of the output images, i.e., increasing the degrees of freedom of interaction, and supports both interpolation and extrapolation. By making use of the intrinsic geometric relationship among the reference images for projective transformation, the distortion from barycentric mapping is also prevented. Unlike other warping-based view transferring techniques, trifocal morphing provides very smooth transition between reference images and supports both rigid and nonrigid scenes.
Exploring model selection techniques for nonlinear dimensionality reduction

Nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NLDR) methods have become useful tools for practitioners who are faced with the analysis of high-dimensional data. Of course, not all NLDR methods are equally applicable to a particular dataset at hand. Thus it would be useful to come up with model selection criteria that help to choose among different NLDR algorithms. This paper explores various approaches to this problem and evaluates them on controlled data sets. Comprehensive experiments will show that model selection scores based on stability are not useful, while scores based on Gaussian processes are helpful for the NLDR problem.
Multi-institutional randomized phase II trial of gefitinib for previously treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (The IDEAL 1 Trial) [corrected].

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of two doses of gefitinib (Iressa [ZD1839]; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE), a novel epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with pretreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter phase II trial. Two hundred ten patients with advanced NSCLC who were previously treated with one or two chemotherapy regimens (at least one containing platinum) were randomly assigned to receive either 250-mg or 500-mg oral doses of gefitinib once daily. RESULTS Efficacy was similar for the 250- and 500-mg/d groups. Objective tumor response rates were 18.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5 to 27.3) and 19.0% (95% CI, 12.1 to 27.9); among evaluable patients, symptom improvement rates were 40.3% (95% CI, 28.5 to 53.0) and 37.0% (95% CI, 26.0 to 49.1); median progression-free survival times were 2.7 and 2.8 months; and median overall survival times were 7.6 and 8.0 months, respectively. Symptom improvements were recorded for 69.2% (250 mg/d) and 85.7% (500 mg/d) of patients with a tumor response. Adverse events (AEs) at both dose levels were generally mild (grade 1 or 2) and consisted mainly of skin reactions and diarrhea. Drug-related toxicities were more frequent in the higher-dose group. Withdrawal due to drug-related AEs was 1.9% and 9.4% for patients receiving gefitinib 250 and 500 mg/d, respectively. CONCLUSION Gefitinib showed clinically meaningful antitumor activity and provided symptom relief as second- and third-line treatment in these patients. At 250 mg/d, gefitinib had a favorable AE profile. Gefitinib 250 mg/d is an important, novel treatment option for patients with pretreated advanced NSCLC [corrected]
Nitrogenous compounds and nitrogen metabolism in the Liliaceae. 6. Changes in nitrogenous composition during the growth of Convallaria and Polygonatum.

Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid has been recognized as an important constituent of the 70% ethanolsoluble-nitrogen fraction of many liliaceous plants (Fowden, 1956; Fowden & Steward, 1957). ConvaUaria majali8 (lily of the valley) and Polygonatum multiflorum (a Solomon's seal) are two common representatives of these plants im Britain, and part 6 of this series (Fowden & Bryant, 1959) described experiments in which various 14Clabelled substances were supplied to tissues of these two plants to obtain information about the manner of biogenesis of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. In this paper variations in the major nitrogenous fractions present in different organs of the plants during growth have been investigated to ascertain in another way where azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is synthesized and at what stage of the plant's development synthesis occurred. The importance of the imino acid in the general nitrogen economy of the plants is discussed.
Cardioprotective effects of the Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitor cariporide in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction undergoing direct PTCA.

BACKGROUND Activation of Na(+)/H(+) exchange in myocardial ischemia and/or reperfusion leads to calcium overload and myocardial injury. Experimental studies have shown that Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitors can attenuate Ca(2+) influx into cardiomyocytes. We therefore performed a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to test the hypothesis that inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange limits infarct size and improves myocardial function in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI) treated with direct PTCA. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred patients were randomized to receive placebo (n=51) or a 40-mg intravenous bolus of the Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitor cariporide (HOE 642) (n=49) before reperfusion. Global and regional left ventricular functions were analyzed by use of paired contrast left ventriculograms performed before and 21 days after PTCA and myocardial enzymes (ie, creatine kinase ¿CK, CK-MB, and LDH) as markers for myocardial tissue injury were evaluated. At follow-up, the ejection fraction was higher (50% versus 40%; P<0.05) and the end-systolic volume was lower (69.0 versus 97.0 mL; P<0.05) in the cariporide group. Significant improvements in some indices of regional wall motion abnormalities were observed, such as the percentage of chords with hypokinesis < -2 SD (P=0.045) and the severity of hypokinesis in the border zone of the infarct region (P=0.052). In addition, CK, CK-MB, or LDH release was significantly reduced in the cariporide patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange by cariporide may attenuate reperfusion injury and thereby improve the recovery from left ventricular dysfunction after MI.
Research Study Pain Relief Scale Is More Highly Correlated with Numerical Rating Scale than with Visual Analogue Scale in Chronic Pain Patients

after treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between PRS and changes in pain determined by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS), to confirm the evidence supporting the use of PRS. Sixty patients with chronic spinal pain that had a VAS and NRS recorded during an initial examination were enrolled in the study. One week later, the patients received an epidural nerve block, then VAS, NRS, and PRS assessments were performed. Differences between VAS and NRS were compared to the PRS and scatter plots and correlation coefficient were generated. The differences and magnitude of decrease in the VAS and NRS raw data were converted to percentile values, and compared to the PRS. Both VAS and NRS values exhibited strong correlations (> 0.8) with PRS. Further, the differences between the VAS-PRS R (0.859) and NRS-PRS R (0.915) were statistically significant, (P = 0.0259). Compared to PRS, the VAS and NRS percentile scores exhibited higher correlation coefficients than scores based on the raw data differences. Furthermore, even when converted to a percentile, the NRS%-PRS R (0.968) was higher than the VAS%-PRS R (0.904), P = 0.0001. The results indicated that using the PRS together with NRS in pain assessment increased the objectivity of the assessment compared to using only VAS or NRS, and may have offset the limitations of VAS or NRS alone.
Endocrine outcomes for children with embryonal brain tumors after risk-adapted craniospinal and conformal primary-site irradiation and high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell rescue on the SJMB-96 trial.

PURPOSE To estimate the cumulative incidence of specific hormone deficiencies and the influence of hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis radiation dose in a cohort of children with embryonal brain tumors treated with risk-adapted craniospinal irradiation (CSI), conformal primary site irradiation, and high-dose chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data and HP axis radiation dosimetry data were obtained from 88 eligible children. All patients received regular endocrine follow-up that included screening tests of thyroid function and stimulation testing for growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and adrenocorticotropin hormone deficiency. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of GHD, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency, adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency, and primary hypothyroidism at 4 years from diagnosis was 93% +/- 4%, 23% +/- 8%, 38% +/- 6%, and 65% +/- 7%, respectively. Radiation dosimetry to the HP axis was associated only with the development of TSH deficiency; the 4-year cumulative incidence was 44% +/- 19% and 11% +/- 8% (P = .014) for those receiving more or less than the median dose to the hypothalamus (>or= 42 v < 42 Gy), respectively. The median dose of CSI for the average-risk (AR) patients was 23.4 and 39.6 Gy (36 to 40.5 Gy) for the high-risk patients. The estimated mean decline in height Z-score after radiation therapy was greater in high-risk patients (-0.65 units/yr) when compared with AR patients (-0.54 units/yr; P = .039). CONCLUSION Pediatric patients with CNS embryonal tumors are at high risk for treatment-related hormone deficiencies. GHD and primary hypothyroidism were diagnosed in a majority of subjects relatively soon after the completion of therapy. Radiation dose to the hypothalamus in excess of 42 Gy was associated with an increase in the risk of developing TSH deficiency.
Flocks : distributed proxies for browsing privacy

This paper introduces a Privacy-Enhancing Technology (PET) based on a hybrid of Crowds and anonymising proxies. The PET--referred to as Flocks --operates by establishing a number of Web proxies and letting these proxies randomly forward requests to other proxies (or the final destination). This distributes users' requests over a number of such proxies, thereby helping to protect their (browsing) privacy. The problem that the paper considers is the effect of two primary design parameters on the privacy of the overall system. These parameters are the probability with which a proxy sends a request to the destination server rather than another proxy (α) and the number of proxies in the system (N). Two privacy objectives are identified, namely the number of hops used to satisfy a request and the portion of proxies that 'know' about a request. A third requirement deals with the external communication costs of the system. A formal analysis is performed to determine these three factors from the two identified parameters. Finally numerical examples are used to explore the impact of these two parameter choices in concrete terms. The proposed PET differs from existing PETs in two significant manners: It is primarily intended to be used inside an organisation to protect the privacy of users inside the organisation (in particular, employees) and it takes explicit cognisance of forensic factors.
Psychoeducational Testing and the Personal Computer

The use of personal computers to aid in the administration, scoring, and interpretation of individual psychoeducational tests is growing. Currently computers are used to assist in managing assessment information, scoring and interpreting tests, and administering tests of cognitive abilities, academic skills, adaptive behaviors, and social skills. Although the content validity of assessment instruments developed for computer administration may have certain practical limitations, several useful advantages can be gained by using the computer to administer tests. Some of the advantages include improved levels of standardization in the procedures used during test administration, scoring, and interpretation; the collection of response data in real time; and the development and use of assessment models that were heretofore too complex for human presentation.
Toward a new video compression scheme using super-resolution

The term super-resolution is typically used in the literature to describe the process of obtaining a high resolution (HR) image or a sequence of HR images from a set of low resolution (LR) observations. This term has been applied primarily to spatial and temporal resolution enhancement. However, intentional pre-processing and downsampling can be applied during encoding and super-resolution techniques to upsample the image can be applied during decoding when video compression is the main objective. In this paper we consider the following three video compression models. The first one simply compresses the sequence using any of the available standard compression methods, the second one pre-processes (without downsampling) the image sequence before compression, so that post-processing (without upsampling) is applied to the compressed sequence. The third model includes downsampling in the pre-processing stage and the application of a super resolution technique during decoding. In this paper we describe these three models but concentrate on the application of super-resolution techniques as a way to post-process and upsample a compressed video sequences. Experimental results are provided on a wide range of bitrates for two very important applications: format conversion between different platforms and scalable video coding.
The Experience of Grief

Abstract Art-making is one way to help process the complex set of emotions that occur with grief. It is a useful method for art therapists who are experiencing personal grief while practicing therapy. Examining their self-awareness and the countertransference effects may have both personal and professional implications. This inquiry examines the questions: What is the experience of grief as expressed by an art therapist? How is that experience of grief related to my work as an art therapist? The literature review examines the topics of grief, art therapy and grief, self-awareness, and countertransference. A heuristic inquiry of my personal grief as an art therapist is also presented, including my art and writing. Implications and possible future research are discussed.
Prosody in situations of communication: Salience and segmentation

Speakers and listeners have a shared goal: to communicate. The processes of speech perception and of speech production interact in many ways under the constraints of this communicative goal; such interaction is as characteristic of prosodic processing as of the processing of other aspects of linguistic structure. Two of the major uses of prosodic information in situations of communication are to encode salience and segmentation, and these themes unite the contributions to the symposium introduced by the
Contact Surface Computation for Coarsely Sampled Deformable Objects

We introduce a new collision response scheme that handles collisions between deformable objects with triangulated surfaces. Based on internal forces and penetration depth information, the approach computes the contact surface of interpenetrating objects. In particular, we address discontinuity problems that arise in discrete-time simulations with coarse surface representations. The approach is independent of the actual deformation model and the applied collision detection algorithm, and in contrast to penalty-based collision response schemes, the method does not require any user-defined parameters. We compare the contact surface method to a penalty-based collision response scheme to illustrate the conceptual advantages of the proposed technique.
Developing Complex Systems Using Evolved Pattern Generators

Self-organization of connection patterns within brain areas of animals begins prenatally, and has been shown to depend on internally generated patterns of neural activity. The neural structures continue to develop postnatally through externally driven patterns, when the sensory systems are exposed to stimuli from the environment. The internally generated patterns have been proposed to give the neural system an appropriate bias so that it can learn reliably from complex environmental stimuli. This paper evaluates the hypothesis that complex artificial learning systems can benefit from a similar approach, consisting of initial training with patterns from an evolved pattern generator, followed by training with the actual training set. To test this hypothesis, competitive learning networks were trained for recognizing handwritten digits. The results demonstrate how the approach can improve learning performance by discovering the appropriate initial weight biases, thereby compensating for weaknesses of the learning algorithm. Due to the smaller evolutionary search space, this approach was also found to require much fewer generations than direct evolution of network weights. Since discovering the right biases efficiently is critical for solving large-scale problems with learning, these results suggest that internal training pattern generation is an effective method for constructing complex systems
Obtaining Highly Purified Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts by a Discontinuous Cesium Chloride Gradient

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan pathogen that commonly infects humans. It is a well characterized apicomplexan associated with causing food- and water-borne disease outbreaks. The definitive host is the feline species where sexual replication occurs resulting in the development of the highly infectious and environmentally resistant oocyst. Infection occurs via ingestion of tissue cysts from contaminated meat or oocysts from soil or water. Infection is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals, but results in a life-long latent infection that can reactivate causing toxoplasmic encephalitis and death if the individual becomes immunocompromised. Meat contaminated with T. gondii cysts have been the primary source of infection in Europe and the United States, but recent changes in animal management and husbandry practices and improved food handling and processing procedures have significantly reduced the prevalence of T. gondii cysts in meat1, 2. Nonetheless, seroprevalence in humans remains relatively high suggesting that exposure from oocyst contaminated soil or water is likely. Indeed, waterborne outbreaks of toxoplasmosis have been reported worldwide supporting the theory exposure to the environmental oocyst form poses a significant health risk3-5. To date, research on understanding the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the water and environment are limited due to the lack of tools to detect oocysts in the environment 5, 6. This is primarily due to the lack of efficient purification protocols for obtaining large numbers of highly purified T gondii oocysts from infected cats for research purposes. This study describes the development of a modified CsCl method that easily purifies T. gondii oocysts from feces of infected cats that are suitable for molecular biological and tissue culture manipulation7.