Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of frame-based and frameless stereotactic hematoma puncture and subsequent fibrinolytic therapy for the treatment of supratentorial deep seated spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE This study compared the technical implications and clinical outcome of patients treated for an intracerebral hemorrhage using two minimally invasive procedures: frame-based stereotactic hematoma aspiration and frameless navigation-guided hematoma aspiration followed by fibrinolysis. METHODS Thirty patients with a spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage, which was treated by a frame-based (n=15) and frameless (n=15) hematoma aspiration followed by subsequent fibrinolysis with urokinase, were retrospectively reviewed. The data for the two subsets of patients were analyzed with regard to hematoma reduction, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and degree of weakness. RESULTS In the frame-based stereotactic hematoma aspiration group, the volume of the hematoma was 15.4-100.0 mL (mean: 40.7+/-24.4), the GCS upon admission was 4-15 (mean: 10.1+/-3.0), and the grade of weakness upon admission was 1-5 (mean: 2.1+/-0.9). On the other hand, in the frameless navigation-guided hematoma aspiration group, the hematoma volume was 15.2-62.0 mL (mean: 30.0+/-15.2), the GCS upon admission was 7-15 (mean: 13.0+/-2.4), and the grade of weakness upon admission was 1-4 (mean: 2.3+/-1.2). The drainage catheter was in place for a mean duration of 5.1+/-2.4 days (range: 1-12 days). In the frame-based group, the initial hematoma was reduced by -115-88.5% (mean: 52+/-31.5) immediately after surgery, and 90.5% (41-100%) of the initial volume 14 days after surgery. In the frameless group, the initial hematoma was reduced by 11.7-90.8% (mean 57.3+/-25.1) immediately after surgery and 95.8% (87.7-100%) 14 days after surgery. The GCS score and the degree of weakness were evaluated 14 days after surgery, and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score was evaluated at discharge. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION The frame-based group and the frameless group followed by fibrinolysis had similar outcomes, and both procedures effectively reduced the intracerebral hemorrhage volume within a short period of time. In addition, these procedures are simple, precise, safe, and brief with a very low rebleeding rate and mortality.
Atrial natriuretic peptide induces acrosomal exocytosis of human spermatozoa

Rotem, Ronit, Nadav Zamir, Nurit Keynan, Dalit Barkan, Haim Breitbart, and Zvi Naor. Atrial natriuretic peptide induces acrosomal exocytosis of human spermatozoa. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Endocrinol. Metab. 37): E218–E223, 1998. —Acrosomal exocytosis in mammalian spermatozoa is a process essential for fertilization. We report here that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) markedly stimulates acrosomal exocytosis of capacitated human spermatozoa. Typically, ANP exerts some of its actions via activation of the ANP receptor (ANPR-A), a particulate guanylyl cyclase-linked receptor, and subsequent formation of guanosine 38,58-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). We found that ANP-stimulated acrosome reaction was inhibited by the competitive ANPR-A antagonist anantin, indicating a receptor-mediated process. A linear fragment of ANP, ANP-(13—28), and another ANP-like compound, brain natriuretic peptide, were inactive. The stimulatory effect of ANP on acrosome reaction was mimicked by the permeable cGMP analog, 8-bromo-cGMP (8-BrcGMP). Addition of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, staurosporine and GF-109203X, resulted in a dose-related inhibition of ANP-induced acrosome reaction. Also, downregulation of endogeneous PKC activity resulted in inhibition of ANPbut not 8-BrcGMP-induced acrosome reaction. Removal of extracellular Ca21 abolished ANP-induced acrosome reaction. Thus ANP via Ca21 influx, PKC activation, and stimulation of particulate guanylyl cyclase may play a role in the induction of acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa.
Anonymization of General Practioner Medical Records

The Electronic Patient Record (EPR) is both a legal document and a tool for use by physicians and other health personnel during provision of health care. Its primary purpose is to provide and store information about the patient in clinical settings, but it’s also a source of medical knowledge (e.g. epidemiology and quality of care). Due to the sensitive nature of the data they must be handled in a secure manner with a high awareness of privacy concerns. This problem can be partially avoided by applying an anonymization procedure to the data. For large volumes of data (e.g. thousands of patient records) such a procedure must be partially automated. We aim to develop techniques and methods for semi-automated anonymization of medical record information. We first present the requirements and goals of anonymization. Relevant goals for designing an anonymization method are: complying with national laws, and making the anonymization as automated as possible. We discuss anonymization challenges, including linguistic issues (e.g. spelling and ambiguity) and determining which parts of the data that is sensitive. Finally we propose methods including utilization of database structure, dictionaries, heuristics and natural language processing for anonymizing patient records in general, but with focus on general practioner records gathered from a Profdoc Vision database.
Evidence of recent lateral gene transfer among hyperthermophilic Archaea

A total of 153 nucleotide differences were found over a contiguous 16 kb region between two hyperthermophilic Archaea, Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis. The 16 kb region in P. furiosus is flanked by insertion sequence (IS) elements with inverted and direct repeats. Both IS elements contain a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 233 amino acids identified as a transposase. This 16 kb region has the features of a typical bacterial composite transposon and represents a possible mechanism for lateral gene transfer between Archaea or possibly between Archaea and Bacteria. A total of 23 homologous IS elements was found in the genome sequence of P. furiosus, whereas no full‐length IS elements were identified in the genomes of Pyrococcus abyssi and Pyrococcus horikoshii. Only one IS element was found in T. litoralis. In P. furiosus and T. litoralis, the 16 kb region contains an ABC transport system for maltose and trehalose that was characterized biochemically for T. litoralis. Regulation of expression studies showed that the malE gene, located on the transposon, and the encoded trehalose/maltose‐binding protein (TMBP) are induced in the presence of maltose and trehalose in both P. furiosus and T. litoralis. The implications of transposition as a mechanism for lateral gene transfer among Archaea are discussed.
Using Machine Learning to Discover Latent Social Phenotypes in Free-Ranging Macaques

Investigating the biological bases of social phenotypes is challenging because social behavior is both high-dimensional and richly structured, and biological factors are more likely to influence complex patterns of behavior rather than any single behavior in isolation. The space of all possible patterns of interactions among behaviors is too large to investigate using conventional statistical methods. In order to quantitatively define social phenotypes from natural behavior, we developed a machine learning model to identify and measure patterns of behavior in naturalistic observational data, as well as their relationships to biological, environmental, and demographic sources of variation. We applied this model to extensive observations of natural behavior in free-ranging rhesus macaques, and identified behavioral states that appeared to capture periods of social isolation, competition over food, conflicts among groups, and affiliative coexistence. Phenotypes, represented as the rate of being in each state for a particular animal, were strongly and broadly influenced by dominance rank, sex, and social group membership. We also identified two states for which variation in rates had a substantial genetic component. We discuss how this model can be extended to identify the contributions to social phenotypes of particular genetic pathways.
The TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development1[C][W][OA]

The plant hormone auxin plays an essential role in plant development. However, only a few auxin biosynthetic genes have been isolated and characterized. Here, we show that the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 (TIR2) gene is required for many growth processes. Our studies indicate that the tir2 mutant is hypersensitive to 5-methyl-tryptophan, an inhibitor of tryptophan synthesis. Further, treatment with the proposed auxin biosynthetic intermediate indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and indole-3-acetic acid rescues the tir2 short hypocotyl phenotype, suggesting that tir2 may be affected in the IPA auxin biosynthetic pathway. Molecular characterization revealed that TIR2 is identical to the TAA1 gene encoding a tryptophan aminotransferase. We show that TIR2 is regulated by temperature and is required for temperature-dependent hypocotyl elongation. Further, we find that expression of TIR2 is induced on the lower side of a gravitropically responding root. We propose that TIR2 contributes to a positive regulatory loop required for root gravitropism.
Crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl(quinoline-2-carboxylato-κ2 N,O)(triphenylarsane-κAs)rhenium(I)

In the title rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complex with triphenylarsane and deprotonated quinaldic acid ligands, the ReI atom is in an octahedral coordination. Weak C—H⋯O interactions lead to a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.
Clinical Trial of a Novel Filler Material for Soft Tissue Augmentation of the Face Containing Synthetic Calcium Hydroxylapatite Microspheres

BACKGROUND The ideal injectable filler should yield great, long-lasting results, be biocompatible, reliable, safe, easy to use, and inexpensive. Radiesse (Bioform Inc., Franksville, WI) is a synthetic calcium hydroxylaptic filler that has all of the above qualities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of Radiese as an injectable filler. METHODS Eighty-two patients who underwent facial soft tissue augmentation using Radiese from April 2003 to 2004 were enrolled in this study. Pre-filled sterile syringes were used to inject the material into the soft tissues of the face. At the 3 month and six month visits, the physicians and the patients were asked to evaluate the result. RESULTS Eighty-two patients were injected with Radiesse. The most common area of injection was the melolabial folds. All patients were evaluated during the 3 month follow up visit. There was an overwhelmingly positive response to the look and feel of the implant, averaging 4.6 on a grading scale from 1 to 5, for the patients as well as the injecting physicians. Similar responses were found at the 6 month follow up visit. CONCLUSION Preliminary data indicate that Radiesse is easy to use and effective with little or no associated morbidity.
Overview of the TAC2013 Knowledge Base Population Evaluation: English Sentiment Slot Filling

This document provides an overview of the Text Analysis Conference 2013 Knowledge Base Population Sentiment Slot Filling (SSF) track. Sentiment Slot Filling was a new task added this year, and pushed the state of the art in sentiment by requiring teams to provide sentiment analysis in open domains across a variety of genres. The task focused on identifying the polarity of sentiment as well as sentiment holders and sentiment targets.
Denoising Techniques Based on the Multiresolution Representation

So far, considerable research efforts have been invested in the are of using statistical methods for image processing purposes yielding to a significant amount of models that aim to improve as much as possible the still existing and currently used processing techniques, some of them being based on using wavelet representation of images. Among them the simplest and the most attractive one use the Gaussian assumption about the distribution of the wavelet coefficients. This model has been successfully used in image denoising and restoration. The limitation comes from the fact that only the first-order statistics of wavelet coefficients are taking into account and the higher-order ones are ignored. The dependencies between wavelet coefficients can be formulated explicitly, or implicitly. The multiresolution representation is used to develop a class of algorithms for noise removal in case of normal models. The multiresolution algorithms perform the restoration tasks by combining, at each resolution level, according to a certain rule, the pixels of a binary support image. The values of the support image pixels are either 1 or 0 depending on their significance degree. At each resolution level, the contiguous areas of the support image corresponding to 1-value pixels are taken as possible objects of the image. Our work reports two attempts in using the multiresolution based algorithms for restoration purposes in case of normally distributed noise. Several results obtained using our new restoration algorithm are presented in the final sections of the paper.
Role of Preclinical Cardiovascular Disease in the Evolution From Risk Factor Exposure to Development of Morbid Events

Conventional risk factors (especially high arterial pressure, elevated cholesterol and glucose levels, and cigarette smoking) are useful predictors of morbid atherosclerotic and hypertensive events, and their control variably reduces the incidence of events. However, both the ability to predict risk and the ability to reduce it by modification of established risk factors are limited. These limitations occur in part because the progression from risk factor exposure to morbid events depends on the variable likelihood that individuals exposed to the same risk factors will progress through two stages: the development of asymptomatic or “preclinical” anatomic and functional cardiovascular disease in response to standard risk factors and other variables, and the precipitation of morbid events by progression of preclinical disease or by the action of additional „triggering” mechanisms in the presence of preclinical disease. Advances in diagnostic methodology now make possible accurate noninvasive detection in many asymptomatic individuals of preclinical disease such as left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid atherosclerosis, and renal dysfunction. Progress in elucidating stimuli to left ventricular hypertrophy and systemic atherosclerosis suggests that focusing research separately on these two stages of disease evolution is a fruitful strategy. The closer relation of measures of preclinical disease than risk factors with the subsequent risk of complications indicates that their detection improves clinical risk stratification. However, critical testing of whether clinical outcome is improved or treatment cost is lowered by basing antihypertensive or antihyperlipidemic treatment decisions in part on the presence of preclinical cardiovascular disease is needed before this strategy is adopted on a widespread scale.
PCASA: Probabilistic control-adjusted Selective Allocation for shared caches

Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs) are designed with an increasing number of cores to enable multiple and potentially heterogeneous applications to run simultaneously on the same system. However, this results in increasing pressure on shared resources, such as shared caches. With multiple processor cores sharing the same caches, high-priority applications may end up contending with low-priority applications for cache space and suffer significant performance slow-down, hence affecting the Quality of Service (QoS). In datacenters, Service Level Agreements (SLAs) impose a reserved amount of computing resources and specific cache space per cloud customer. Thus, to meet SLAs, a deterministic capacity management solution is required to control the occupancy of all applications. In this paper, we propose a novel QoS architecture, based on Probabilistic Selective Allocation (PSA), for priority-aware caches. Further, we show that applying a control-theoretic approach (Proportional Integral controller) to dynamically adjust PSA provides accurate and fine-grained capacity management.
HOPE, “Repair,” and the Complexities of Reciprocity: Inmates Tutoring Inmates in a Total Institution

This article analyzes one prison literacy program in Texas that trains inmate participants to teach other men and women, likewise incarcerated and often dyslexic, to read and write in English. Noting the regular recurrence of the words “repair” and “hope” in participants’ descriptions of HOPE and associated activities, the author makes extensive use of feminist-epistemologist Elizabeth Spelman’s theory of “repair” and Paula Mathieu’s articulation of “hope” in her attempt to understand the nuances of “repair” and the “hope” it enables/generates behind these prison walls. Finally, given HOPE’s configuration as a faith-based program with Christian origins and Carter’s own position as a secular academic, the article ends with an extended discussion of the tensions between Bible-based discourses and the academy.
HB1340 ℄ Advanced 0.13um BCDMOS technology of complimentary LDMOS including fully isolated transistors

In this work, we developed a HB1340-0.13um BCD technology of the complimentary LDMOS including fully isolated structure device with dual drift layer. We could achieve LDMOS with best-in-class trade-off between specific on-resistance and breakdown voltage by its optimized drain engineering. The HB1340 process in 0.13um 1.5V/5V/6V CMOS technology platform can provide various kinds of high voltage devices such as LDMOS, DEMOS from 12V to 40V and fully isolated 24V LDNMOS for mobile and display power application. High gain BJT, Zener diode, high voltage diode, high resistor, MIM and EEPROM are also have been integrated in smart power technology.
Transcriptional Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) by Osteoblast-specific Transcription Factor Osterix (Osx) in Osteoblasts*

Background: Osx is an osteoblast-specific transcription factor required for bone formation and osteoblast differentiation. Results: Osx directly targets vascular endothelial growth factor expression, whereas Osx controls osteoblast marker gene osteocalcin. Conclusion: Osx regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in osteoblasts. Significance: This is the first evidence that Osx controls vascular endothelial growth factor expression, suggesting a potential role of Osx in coordinating osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Osterix (Osx) is an osteoblast-specific transcription factor required for bone formation and osteoblast differentiation. The critical step in bone formation is to replace the avascular cartilage template with vascularized bone. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are associated with each other, sharing some essential regulators. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in both angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Transcriptional regulation of VEGF expression is not well known in osteoblasts. In this study, quantitative real-time RT-PCR results revealed that VEGF expression was down-regulated in Osx-null calvarial cells and that osteoblast marker osteocalcin expression was absent. Overexpression of Osx in stable C2C12 mesenchymal cells using a Tet-off system resulted in up-regulation of both osteocalcin and VEGF expression. The inhibition of Osx by siRNA led to repression of VEGF expression in osteoblasts. These results suggest that Osx controls VEGF expression. Transfection assays demonstrated that Osx activated VEGF promoter activity. A series of VEGF promoter deletion mutants were examined and the minimal Osx-responsive region was defined to the proximal 140-bp region of the VEGF promoter. Additional point mutants were used to identify two GC-rich regions that were responsible for VEGF promoter activation by Osx. Gel shift assay showed that Osx bound to the VEGF promoter sequence directly. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that endogenous Osx associated with the native VEGF promoter in primary osteoblasts. Moreover, immunohistochemistry staining showed decreased VEGF protein levels in the tibiae of Osx conditional knock-out mice. We provide the first evidence that Osx controlled VEGF expression, suggesting a potential role of Osx in coordinating osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
Functional MR of the primary auditory cortex: an analysis of pure tone activation and tone discrimination.

PURPOSE To use functional MR imaging to measure the effect of frequency (pitch), intensity (loudness), and complexity of auditory stimuli on activation in the primary and secondary auditory cortexes. METHODS Multiplanar echo-planar images were acquired in healthy subjects with normal hearing to whom auditory stimuli were presented intermittently. Functional images were processed from the echo-planar images with conventional postprocessing methods. The stimuli included pure tones with a single frequency and intensity, pure tones with the frequency stepped between 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, or 4,000 Hz, and spoken text. The pixels activated by each task in the transverse temporal gyrus (TTG) and the auditory association areas were tabulated. RESULTS The pure tone task activated the TTG. The 1,000-Hz tone activated significantly more pixels in the TTG than did the 4,000-Hz tone. The 4,000-Hz tone activated pixels primarily in the medial TTG, whereas the 1,000-Hz tone activated more pixels in the lateral TTG. Higher intensity tones activated significantly more pixels than did lower intensity tones at the same frequency. The stepped tones activated more pixels than the pure tones, but the difference was not significant. The text task produced significantly more activation than did the pure tones in the TTG and in the auditory association areas. The more complex tasks (stepped tones and listening to text) tended to activate more pixels in the left hemisphere than in the right, whereas the simpler tasks activated similar numbers of pixels in each hemisphere. CONCLUSION Auditory stimuli activate the TTG and the association areas. Activation in the primary auditory cortex depends on frequency, intensity, and complexity of the auditory stimulus. Activation of the auditory association areas requires more complex auditory stimuli, such as the stepped tone task or text reading.
Towards aging-induced approximations

In recent technology nodes, wide guardbands are needed to overcome reliability degradations due to aging. Such guardbands manifest as reduced efficiency and performance. Existing approaches to reduce guardbands trade off aging impact for increased circuit overhead. By contrast, the goal of this work is to completely remove guardbands through exploring, for the first time, application of approximate computing principles in the context of aging. As a result of naively narrowing or removing guardbands, timing errors start to appear as transistors age. We demonstrate that even in circuits that may tolerate errors, aging can be catastrophic due to unacceptable quality loss. Furthermore, quantifying such aging-induced quality loss necessitates expensive (often infeasible) gate-level simulations of the complete design. We show how nondeterministic aginginduced timing errors can be converted into deterministic and controlled approximations instead. We first translate the required guardband over time into an equivalent reduction in precision for individual RTL components. We then demonstrate how, based on pre-characterization of RTL components, we can quantify aging-induced approximation at the whole microarchitecture level without the need for further gate-level simulations. Results show that a 3 bit reduction in precision is sufficient to sustain 10 years of operation under worst-case aging in the context of an image processing circuit. This corresponds to an acceptable PSNR reduction of merely 8 dB, while at the same time increasing area and energy efficiency by 13%.