Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between permeant ions and voltage sensor during inactivation of N‐type Ca2+ channels

1 Inactivation of neuronal N‐type Ca2+ channels transiently expressed in human kidney tSA‐201 cells was studied at the level of whole‐cell Ca2+ current and intramembrane charge movement. 2 Prolonged (5 s) depolarization to 40 mV shifted the voltage distribution of intramembrane charge movement from a transition potential (mid‐point voltage) of 9.5 ± 3.8 mV to ‐55.4 ± 8.2 mV. Because of the large negative shift, it was possible to record intramembrane charge movement from unblocked inactivated channels and determine the effect of Ca2+ influx on inactivation of intramembrane charge movement. 3 In unblocked channels, the rate of inactivation of charge movement (21 ± 3 s−1 at 0 mV) was close to that of Ca2+ current decay during the conditioning pulse. However, in blocked channels inactivation was significantly slower (4 ± 1 s−1 at 0 mV). In unblocked channels, the availability of Ca2+ current was minimal and charge movement from inactivated channels was maximal after conditioning to about 10 mV. After the block of ionic current, inactivation of charge movement gradually increased with voltage. 4 Although the rate of Ca2+ current run‐down was not affected by 10‐15 μM free Ca2+ in the pipette solution, inactivation of Ca2+ currents during depolarization was about two times faster in high intracellular Ca2+. 5 The present results favour the current‐dependent mechanism of inactivation of N‐type channels. They also suggest that Ca2+ acting in the permeation pathway and transmembrane voltage are the proximate causes of the same inactivation transitions of voltage sensing moieties in these channels.
The Reliability and Validity of Self-Report Activities of Daily Living Scales

A measurement evaluation study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton & Brody, 1969) as a discriminative measure to assess the independent living status of elderly hospitalized patients. A sample of thirty patients from two geriatric specialty units was used for the study. Inter-observer reliability was shown to be excellent (ADL r=.96, IADL r=.99) and test-retest reliability was considered to be good (ADL r=.59, IADL r=.93). The results comparing patient self-report of ability and ratings based on direct observation of performance indicated that patients consistently over-rated their ability in both ADL and IADL tasks. This provides support for the use of direct observation of performance to obtain valid data on an individual's ability. There was a significant difference in scores between those patients able to be discharged home compared to those requiring institutionalization; however, a score predictive of discharge location could not be identified with the study data. The study provided support for the use of this measurement tool for assessing the independent living status of elderly hospitalized patients. It provides the therapist with a measure that has had some validation and has the potential for clinical use in describing patients' ability and identifying areas requiring treatment intervention.
Linagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic agents that have been rapidly adopted since their introduction in 2006. There are now five agents in global use, with three approved for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the USA. The results of Phase III clinical trials for linagliptin, a new addition to this class of inhibitors (approved by the FDA on 2 May 2011), have now been published. We reported on a 24-week Phase III trial of linagliptin administered as monotherapy in patients with T2D. This agent is characterized by a pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile that may have important implications for the choice of treatment in certain patient populations.
A High Repetition Rate CMOS Driver for High-Energy Sub-ns Laser Pulse Generation in SPAD-Based Time-of-Flight Range Finding

An integrated 0.35-μm HV-CMOS driver has been designed for a gain-switched quantum well laser diode to generate short, energetic (100 ps/~0.5 nJ) optical pulses for a pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser radar, operating on the single-photon detection principle. The driver can produce a current pulse with a peak amplitude of ~2 A, a pulsewidth of 1 ns, and a pulsing rate of 500 kHz. The peak optical power and pulsewidth of the transmitter output with these parameters are 3 W and 100 ps, respectively. A single-shot precision of 2-3 cm is achieved in the TOF measurements of a non-cooperative target at 25 m with a reflectivity of 8% and a receiver aperture of 18 mm using a CMOS SPAD as the receiver.
The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 4 . 0 and JULES Global Land 4 . 0 configurations

We describe Global Atmosphere 4.0 (GA4.0) and Global Land 4.0 (GL4.0): configurations of the Met Office Unified Model and JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) community land surface model developed for use in global and regional climate research and weather prediction activities. GA4.0 and GL4.0 are based on the previous GA3.0 and GL3.0 configurations, with the inclusion of developments made by the Met Office and its collaborators during its annual development cycle. This paper provides a comprehensive technical and scientific description of GA4.0 and GL4.0 as well as details of how these differ from their predecessors. We also present the results of some initial evaluations of their performance. Overall, performance is comparable with that of GA3.0/GL3.0; the updated configurations include improvements to the science of several parametrisation schemes, however, and will form a baseline for further ongoing development.
Interactive theatre experience in embodied + wearable mixed reality space

This paper presents an interactive theatre based on an embodied mixed reality space and wearable computers. Embodied computing mixed reality spaces integrate ubiquitous computing, tangible interaction and social computing within a mixed reality space, which enables intuitive interaction with physical world and virtual world. We believe it has potential advantages to support novel interactive theatre experiences. Therefore, we explored the novel interactive theatre experience supported in the embodied mixed reality space, and implemented live 3D characters to interact with user in such a system.
Being and Time. A Translation of "Sein und Zeit" (review)

A new English translation of Heidegger ' s best book, Sein und Zeit has been eagerly anticipated ever since the appearance of the Macquarrie/Robinson translation in 1962. ~ For anyone with an ear for German would find that, in turning Heidegger ' s visceral prose into wooden terminology, this first pa thbreaking and very scholarly translation failed completely to r ende r the startl ing and wholly untradi t ional diction of this work, a diction that rocked a staid and stifling academia and that in lectures preceding the book's publication had therefore at tracted students in droves, among them Leo Strauss, Hanna Arendt , Hans-Georg Gadamer, Karl L6with, He rbe r t Marcuse, and Hans Jonas. At long last, a new translation, Joan Stambaugh's, is here, but, unfortunately, it is no bet ter in this crucial regard, and it is not as scholarly either. (Macquarrie/Robinson do provide many detai led and useful accounts of their choices of translation.) Indeed , the new translation often seems to be a mere revision of the old and falls into much of the old translation's terminological uproot ing of Heidegger ' s sometimes thick but always earthy language. Here are three examples. In S we find this render ing of Heidegger ' s pre l iminary account of the phenomenological method he will apply in "laying out" our "factual" human existence "there" "in the world" of our cooperative taking care of life's tasks:
Evaluating a probabilistic model for cross-lingual information retrieval

This work proposes and evaluates a probabilistic cross-lingual retrieval system. The system uses a generative model to estimate the probability that a document in one language is relevant, given a query in another language. An important component of the model is translation probabilities from terms in documents to terms in a query. Our approach is evaluated when 1) the only resource is a manually generated bilingual word list, 2) the only resource is a parallel corpus, and 3) both resources are combined in a mixture model. The combined resources produce about 90% of monolingual performance in retrieving Chinese documents. For Spanish the system achieves 85% of monolingual performance using only a pseudo-parallel Spanish-English corpus. Retrieval results are comparable with those of the structural query translation technique (Pirkola, 1998) when bilingual lexicons are used for query translation. When parallel texts in addition to conventional lexicons are used, it achieves better retrieval results but requires more computation than the structural query translation technique. It also produces slightly better results than using a machine translation system for CLIR, but the improvement over the MT system is not significant.
What various kinds of errors tell us about lateral masking effects

Error analyses were conducted to study processes underlying lateral masking effects. Location errors (i.e., confusions with a flanking letter) occurred at a rate higher than chance, and they increased with increasing eccentricity and with decreasing spacing. In longer strings, confusions with a flanker directly adjacent to the target (which is itself laterally masked) were more frequent than with a far flanker, and these confusions also increased with increasing eccentricity and with decreasing spacing indicating that identification of the letter's form is not necessarily disturbed by adjacent characters. This was confirmed in a whole report task, where there was better recognition performance for the central letter than in partial report. Whereas in partial report, the left flanker was more often confused with the target than the right one, in whole report, the left-most letter was recognized best. The data provide evidence that positional uncertainty contributes to lateral masking effects, and that a substantial portion of positional uncertainty occurs after having identified the letter's forms.
Equity and the distribution of environmental risk : The case of TRI facilities : Research on the environment

This manuscript tests competing explanations for the distribution of environmental risks produced by Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facilities. In particular, the author evaluates claims that risks from TRI facilities are concentrated in poor and minority areas, holding constant multiple background characteristics that may also account for the distribution of these risks. A series of probit, negative binomial event count, and weighted least squares models are used to account for the distribution and density of TRI facilities and the concentrations of TRI pollutants in all residential ZIP codes across the United States. Even when controlling for background factors, TRI facilities and pollutants are concentrated in residential ZIP codes with large minority populations. Moreover, while other background characteristics provide the most powerful explanations for the distribution and density of TRI facilities and the concentration of TRI pollutants, the racial attributes of neighborhoods - more than their class attributes - best account for the remaining patterns in the distribution of environmental risk. These results provide additional evidence that racial minorities experience disproportionate proximity to a wide variety of environmental risks. The results also suggest the racial composition of residential neighborhoods as a relevant criterion when approving the location of new TRI facilities
A multi-objective genetic algorithm for minimising network security risk and cost

Security countermeasures help ensure information security: confidentiality, integrity and availability(CIA), by mitigating possible risks associated with the security event. Due to the fact, that it is often difficult to measure such an impact quantitatively, it is also difficult to deploy appropriate security countermeasures. In this paper, we demonstrate a model of quantitative risk analysis, where an optimisation routine is developed to help a human decision maker to determine the preferred trade-off between investment cost and resulting risk. An offline optimisation routine deploys a genetic algorithm to search for the best countermeasure combination, while multiple risk factors are considered. We conduct an experimentation with real world data, taken from the PTA(Practical Threat Analysis) case study to show that our method is capable of delivering solutions for real world problem data sets. The results show that the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) approach provides high quality solutions, resulting in better knowledge for decision making.
Disease and Mortality at the Anderson Village Site

Skeletal remains from the Anderson Village site provided information on mortality patterns in one of Ohio's early American Indian groups. At birth, life ex- pectancy for the Anderson population was approximately 33 years, with a mean age at death of 6.6 years for the sub-adults (<15 years of age), 39 for the adult males, and 38 for the adult females. The highest age specific mortality rate for the sub- adults occurred in the age class 5 to 9.9 years (6.8%), while for the adults it was in the age class 40 to 44.9 years (15.9%). Although there were variations between male and female mortality rates, none of the observed differences were statistically significant. For the subadults, adult males, and adult females, mortality was significantly asso- ciated (P<.()()1) with infectious disease with 81.8% of the population displaying some lesions. For sub-adults and adult females, mortality was significantly associated (P<.()01) with the occurrence of both infectious disease and porotic hyperostosis with 80% of the sub-adults and females displaying both lesions. It appears that infectious disease may have contributed, to mortality of sub-adults, males, and females; whereas, the interaction of infectious disease and porotic hyperostosis may have had its most serious impact on sub-adults and females.
Effect of temperature gradient on space charge behavior in epoxy resin and its nanocomposites

The effect of temperature gradient on space charge behavior is necessary to investigate for HVDC insulation. In this paper, space charge distributions in neat epoxy resin (EP) and EP/SiO2 nanocomposites (NC) were measured under different DC stresses and temperature gradients. We found that different temperature conditions applied to the electrodes had a great impact on space charge distributions: Only homocharge accumulated near anode at isothermal conditions, on the contrast, at temperature gradient of 60 °C, negative charge injected from cathode (high temperature side) and accumulated in the bulk, heterocharge appeared near anode (low temperature side). Moreover, SiO2 nano-fillers added to NC could suppress the space charge accumulation significantly, and the pattern of space charge distribution in NC at temperature gradient of 60 °C also shows differently from that of EP. Numerical simulation based on the bipolar charge transport model was employed to study the experimental results. It shows that under temperature gradient, charge extraction plays an important role in heterocharge accumulation near the low temperature side. Moreover, it indicates that unlike the apparently measured conductivity, the charge mobility of NC does not increase rapidly with temperature in the range from 20 °C to 80 °C.
Nitro-Arachidonic Acid Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Cell Line of Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells

Nitro-arachidonic acid (NO2-AA) is a cell signaling nitroalkene that exerts anti-inflammatory activities during macrophage activation. While angiotensin II (ANG II) produces an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubular cells, little is known regarding the potential protective effects of NO2-AA in ANG II-mediated kidney injury. As such, this study examines the impact of NO2-AA on ANG II-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in an immortalized renal proximal tubule cell line (HK-2 cells). Treatment of HK-2 cells with ANG II increases the production of superoxide (O2●-), nitric oxide (●NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression, peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and mitochondrial dysfunction. Using high-resolution respirometry, it was observed that the presence of NO2-AA prevented ANG II-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Attempting to address mechanism, we treated isolated rat kidney mitochondria with ONOO-, a key mediator of ANG II-induced mitochondrial damage, in the presence or absence of NO2-AA. Whereas the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATP synthase (ATPase) were diminished upon exposure to ONOO-, they were restored by pre-incubating the mitochondria with NO2-AA. Moreover, NO2-AA prevents oxidation and nitration of mitochondrial proteins. Combined, these data demonstrate that ANG II-mediated oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction is abrogated by NO2-AA, identifying this compound as a promising pharmacological tool to prevent ANG II–induced renal disease.
Interpersonal emotion regulation in team sport: Mechanisms and reasons to regulate teammates' emotions examined

The interpersonal dimension of emotion regulation in the field of sport has lately received a burgeoning interest. Nevertheless, how and why athletes regulate their teammates' emotions in competitive setting remains unclear. Across two studies within a team sport context, we uncovered athletes' mechanisms for, and reasons to regulate teammates' emotions during competition. In Study 1, we investigated how rugby (N = 22 males) players' emotions were self- and interpersonally regulated during games. Findings revealed the emergence of a continuum of self-involvement in the regulatory processes, wherein two forms of emotion regulation co-existed: self-regulation (total self-involvement) and interpersonal regulation, which included co-regulation (partial self-involvement; regulation with others) and extrinsic regulation (no self-involvement; regulation by/of others). In Study 2, we examined the motives that lead rugby (n = 30 males) players to use interpersonal extrinsic regulation strategies during games. Interview data indicated that players regulated teammates' emotions for altruistic reasons (to help a teammate), egoistic reasons (for one's own benefits), or both. Overall, our findings further knowledge to better understand interpersonal emotion regulation within competitive team sport contexts. From an applied perspective, findings highlight the role that both individual goals and ego involvement may play in optimising efficient interpersonal regulation during competition at team level.
Argonaute2 complexes carry a population of circulating microRNAs independent of vesicles in human plasma

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) circulate in the bloodstream in a highly stable, extracellular form and are being developed as blood-based biomarkers for cancer and other diseases. However, the mechanism underlying their remarkable stability in the RNase-rich environment of blood is not well understood. The current model in the literature posits that circulating miRNAs are protected by encapsulation in membrane-bound vesicles such as exosomes, but this has not been systematically studied. We used differential centrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography as orthogonal approaches to characterize circulating miRNA complexes in human plasma and serum. We found, surprisingly, that the majority of circulating miRNAs cofractionated with protein complexes rather than with vesicles. miRNAs were also sensitive to protease treatment of plasma, indicating that protein complexes protect circulating miRNAs from plasma RNases. Further characterization revealed that Argonaute2 (Ago2), the key effector protein of miRNA-mediated silencing, was present in human plasma and eluted with plasma miRNAs in size-exclusion chromatography. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation of Ago2 from plasma readily recovered non–vesicle-associated plasma miRNAs. The majority of miRNAs studied copurified with the Ago2 ribonucleoprotein complex, but a minority of specific miRNAs associated predominantly with vesicles. Our results reveal two populations of circulating miRNAs and suggest that circulating Ago2 complexes are a mechanism responsible for the stability of plasma miRNAs. Our study has important implications for the development of biomarker approaches based on capture and analysis of circulating miRNAs. In addition, identification of extracellular Ago2–miRNA complexes in plasma raises the possibility that cells release a functional miRNA-induced silencing complex into the circulation.
Determination of relation between the security atmosphere and organizational confidence with the intermediate role of Job satisfaction between the social security organizations (case study of social security treatment management of Kerman province)

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relation between the security atmosphere and organizational confidence and Job security of Kerman province. The sampling is done by the simple random method and the sample volume is evaluated by the Cochran formula equal to 78 individuals. The required data for the present research has been gathered by the use of questionnaires that their validity is tested. To determine the validity and stability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's coefficient is applied that the stability coefficient for the questionnaire of security atmosphere is equal to 0.88. For the Job satisfaction or Miyeh Tosa 1967, and 0.99 for organizational confidence questionnaire in 2003 is calculated equal to 0.85. In this research the structural relation model is used. To evaluate data and perform hypothesis test and other analysis of this research the LISREL statistical software is applied. The results showed that there is meaningful relation between the organizational confidence and Job satisfaction.
EVIDENCE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY AND RESISTANCE TO CRYPTIC X‐LINKED MEIOTIC DRIVE IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Abstract There is mounting evidence consistent with a general role of positive selection acting on the Drosophila melanogaster X‐chromosome. However, this positive selection need not necessarily arise from forces that are adaptive to the organism. Nonadaptive meiotic drive may exist on the X‐chromosome and contribute to forces of selection. Females from a reference D. melanogaster line, containing the X‐linked marker white, were crossed to males from 49 isofemale lines established from seven African and five non‐African natural populations to detect naturally occurring meiotic drive. Several lines exhibited a departure from expected Mendelian transmission of X‐chromosomes to the third generation (F2) offspring, particularly those from hybrid African male parents. F2 viability was not correlated with skewed chromosomal inheritance. However, a significant difference in viability between cosmopolitan and tropical African crosses was observed. Recombination analysis supports the presence of a male‐acting meiotic drive element near the centromeric region of the X‐chromosome and putative recessive autosomal drive suppression. There is also evidence of another female‐acting drive element linked to white. The possible role meiotic drive may contribute in shaping levels of genetic variation in D. melanogaster, and additional ways to test this hypothesis are discussed.