Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FO(C) and Related Modelling Paradigms

Recently, C-LOG was introduced as a language for modelling causal processes. Its formal semantics has been defined, but the study of this language is far from finished. In this paper, we compare C-LOG to other declarative modelling languages. More specifically, we compare to first-order logic (FO), and argue that C-LOG and FO are orthogonal and that their integration, FO(C), is a knowledge representation language that allows for clear and succinct models. We compare FO(C) to E-disjunctive logic programming with the stable semantics, and define a fragment on which both semantics coincide. Furthermore, we discuss object-creation in FO(C), relating it to mathematics, business rules systems, and data base systems.
Inducible Expression of Arabidopsis Response Regulator 22 (ARR22), a Type-C ARR, in Transgenic Arabidopsis Enhances Drought and Freezing Tolerance

The Arabidopsis two-component signaling system, which is comprised of sensor histidine kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators, mediates cytokinin response as well as various other plant responses including abiotic stress responses. Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) are classified into type-A, -B, and -C. Although the roles of type-A and -B ARRs are well established in Arabidopsis plant signaling, roles of type-C ARRs, ARR22 and ARR24, remain elusive. ARR22, a preferentially cytosolic protein, interacts with certain Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs) and displays phosphatase activity on AHP5. ARR22 is induced by cold and dehydration. Here, we show that inducible overexpression of ARR22 in Arabidopsis enhanced dehydration, drought, and cold tolerance in a dexamethasone-dependent manner, whereas mutation of the putative phospho-accepting Asp to Asn in ARR22 (ARR22D74N) abolished these tolerance phenotypes. Overexpression of ARR22 decreased electrolyte leakage in dehydration-, drought-, or cold-stressed transgenic Arabidopsis plants compared with that of ARR22D74N or compared with wild-type plants. Transpiration rates and stomatal apertures were not affected by ARR22 overexpression. No significant difference in both dehydration and freezing tolerance was observed between wild-type and arr22 mutants with or without cytokinin preincubation, consistent with the lack of phenotypes of arr22 mutants in their vegetative development. Meta-profile analyses of the microarray data on ARR22-responsive genes indicate that ARR22 modulates expression of a variety of abiotic stress-responsive genes, which might contribute to increasing drought and freezing tolerance. Taken together, these results suggest that ARR22 plays a positive role in the stress tolerance response in part via enhancing cell membrane integrity and that phospho-histidine phosphatase activity of ARR22 may be required for this function.
Fundamental Dominations in Graphs

Nine variations of the concept of domination in a simple graph are identified as fundamental domination concepts, and a unified approach is introduced for studying them. For each variation, the minimum cardinality of a subset of dominating elements is the corresponding fundamental domination number. It is observed that, for each nontrivial connected graph, at most five of these nine numbers can be different, and inequalities between these five numbers are given. Finally, these fundamental dominations are interpreted in terms of the total graph of the given graph, a concept introduced by the second author in 1965. It is argued that the very first domination concept, defined by O. Ore in 1962 and under a different name by C. Berge in 1958, deserves to be called the most fundamental of graph dominations.
A Novel Approach for Password Strength Analysis through Support Vector Machine

Passwords are ubiquitous authentication methods and they represent the identity of an individual for a system. Users are consistently told that a strong password is essential these days to protect private data. Despite the existence of more secure methods of authenticating users, including smart cards and biometrics, password authentication continues to be the most common means in use. Thus it is important for organizations to recognize the vulnerabilities to which passwords are subjected, and develop strong policies governing the creation and use of passwords to ensure that those vulnerabilities are not exploited. This work employs machine Learning technique to analyze the strength of the password to facilitate organizations launch a multi- faceted defense against password breach and provide a highly secure environment. A supervised learning algorithm namely Support Vector Machine is used for classification of password. The linear and nonlinear SVM classification models are trained using the features extracted from the password dataset. The trained model shows the prediction accuracy of about 98% for 10- fold cross validation.
THE INCORPORATION AND FATE OF H3-TYROSINE IN THE HAIR CORTEX OF RATS OBSERVED BY RADIOAUTOGRAPHY

The incorporation of H3-tyrosine into the protein of the cells in the cortex of rat hair has been investigated by radioautography. In growing hairs, radioactivity is found in the matrix, the upper bulb, and the whole of the keratogenous zone up to the fully keratinized part of the shaft, 10 and 30 minutes after an injection of labelled tyrosine. This is unequivocal evidence of protein synthesis at these sites. There is a very precise relationship between the end of protein synthesis and the hardening of the cortical cells at the top of the keratogenous zone. The way in which the silver grains of the radioautographs are clustered indicates that at 30 minutes after the injection the isotope is distributed more evenly in the matrix and upper bulb than in the top of the keratogenous zone. Possibly this reflects a difference, at these sites, in the cell components engaged in protein synthesis, or in the proteins being synthesized. The fully keratinized and hardened part of the hair was not radioactive at 10 and 30 minutes after the injection of H3-tyrosine. The rate at which the radioactivity moves into this region shows that the hair of rats grows 0.9 mm/24 hours. Comparison of the degree of radioactivity along the growing hair in the 30-minute, 12-hour, and 36-hour materials shows conclusively that protein accumulates in the cortical cells during their keratinization. An injection of a labelled amino acid does not behave as an ideal pulse dose; consequently, the grain density over the hair cortex at 36 hours is 100 per cent larger than would be expected if an ideal pulse dose situation existed.
Optimizing Control Transfer and Memory Virtualization in Full System Emulators

Full system emulators provide virtual platforms for several important applications, such as kernel and system software development, co-verification with cycle accurate CPU simulators, or application development for hardware still in development. Full system emulators usually use dynamic binary translation to obtain reasonable performance. This paper focuses on optimizing the performance of full system emulators. First, we optimize performance by enabling classic control transfer optimizations of dynamic binary translation in full system emulation, such as indirect branch target caching and block chaining. Second, we improve the performance of memory virtualization of cross-ISA virtual machines by improving the efficiency of the software translation lookaside buffer (software TLB). We implement our optimizations on QEMU, an industrial-strength full system emulator, along with the Android emulator. Experimental results show that our optimizations achieve an average speedup of 1.98X for ARM-to-X86-64 QEMU running SPEC CINT2006 benchmarks with train inputs. Our optimizations also achieve an average speedup of 1.44X and 1.40X for IA32-to-X86-64 QEMU and AArch64-to-X86-64 QEMU on SPEC CINT2006. We use a set of real applications downloaded from Google Play as benchmarks for the Android emulator. Experimental results show that our optimizations achieve an average speedup of 1.43X for the Android emulator running these applications.
Service-Based Development of Context-Aware Automotive Telematics Systems

Automotive software has increasingly become context-aware and adaptive to deal with dynamically changing environments. This paper presents our novel service-based approach to support the structural and behavioral adaptation of automotive telematics. We adopt services to (1) provide physical context facts and (2) facilitate context-aware interactions between entities of automotive telematics systems. In this paper, we introduce a layered architecture of our approach and demonstrate how the approach is applied to develop context-aware automotive telematics systems that support V2X interactions. The empirical evaluations show that our service-based approach is scalable to supporting run-time adaptation of automotive telematics.
Exendin-4 regulates pancreatic ABCA1 transcription via CaMKK/CaMKIV pathway

ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in pancreatic β cells influences insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. This study investigates whether the long‐acting agonist of the glucagon‐like peptide 1, namely exendin‐4, which mediates stimulatory effects on ABCA1 gene expression, could interfere with the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK) cascade. ABCA1 promoter activity was examined by reporter gene assay in rat insulin‐secreting INS‐1 cells incubated with exendin‐4. CaMKIV activity was assessed by detection of activation‐loop phosphorylation (Thr196) of CaMKIV. We investigated the influence of the constitutively active form (CaMKIVc) or CaMKIV knockdown on ABCA1 expression. Increased abundance of ABCA1 protein was noted in response to rising concentrations of exendin‐4 with maximum induction at 10 nM. Exendin‐4 also stimulated ABCA1 promoter activity, but failed to do so in the presence of STO‐609, a CaMKK inhibitor. Up‐regulation of CaMKIV phosphorylation (at Thr196) peaked after 10 min. of exposure to exendin‐4. CaMKIVc enhanced or up‐regulated ABCA1 promoter activity in INS‐1 cells. Furthermore, exendin‐4 induction of ABCA1 protein expression was significantly suppressed in cells treated with CaMKIV‐siRNA. Activation of the CaMKK/CaMKIV cascade by exendin‐4 stimulated ABCA1 gene transcription, indicating that exendin‐4 plays an important role in insulin secretion and cholesterol ester content in pancreatic β cells.
Use Channel Reconfiguration Technique to Improve the Spatial Multiplexing Gain of MIMO Systems

Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems can not always have full spatial multiplexing gain due to the channel correlation problem caused by various factors such as the coupled antenna elements, and the key-hole effect of the propagation environment. In this paper, we proposed a channel reconfiguration technique to combat the rank deficiency problem of the involved MIMO wireless channels that can not afford high-order multiplexing gains. In the proposed approach, each mobile station can simultaneously receive several independent data streams from multiple base stations through a set of MMSE-based receive beamformers to suppress the multiple access interferences. Making use of the receive beamforming, which virtually produce the effect of a single antenna at each receive mobile, makes the transmit base station possible to reconfigure the MIMO downlink channel and then pre-cancel the co-channel interferences. The proposed signal processing mechanism that iteratively optimized the MMSE receive weights and the transmit precoders, which brings the reconfigured MIMO system about the high data throughput seen only with indoor MIMO systems having rich wireless channels. It is shown that as compared to the conventional MIMO system, the M4 system can achieve a significantly higher capacity which is proportional to the number of the linked base stations.
Transversal lightlike submanifolds of indefinite sasakian manifolds

We study both radical transversal and transversal lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Sasakian manifolds. We give examples, investigate the geometry of distributions and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the induced connection on these submanifolds to be metric connection. We also study totally contact umbilical radical transversal and transversal lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Sasakian manifolds and obtain a classification theorem for totally contact umbilical transversal lightlike submanifolds.
Distributed communication model-learning architecture for anomaly detection in multi-service shared M2M area networks

This paper proposes a distributed communication model-learning architecture for detecting anomalies in multiservice shared machine-to-machine (M2M) area networks. Since M2M devices are often located at remote areas, anomaly detection is essential for M2M services to promptly react to undesirable events (e.g. a device breaks or is stolen, misused, or spoofed). To autonomously set the threshold for anomaly detection, monitoring a device's communication and learning communication model for the device are required. However, this imposes high computation burden on the network, especially when a huge number of devices are connected. Therefore, we propose a distributed learning architecture that works even in large-scale networks. Computer simulation was conducted and showed that our architecture can learn a communication model in a short time while the numbers of communications and calculations for learning remain small.
A low concentration of genistein induces estrogen receptor-alpha and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor interactions and proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells.

BACKGROUND Previously, we found that genistein at low concentrations stimulates the growth of human uterine leiomyoma (LM) cells, but not uterine smooth muscle (myometrial) cells (SMC). The aim of this study was to understand the molecular mechanism whereby genistein causes hyperproliferation of LM cells. METHODS The effects of genistein at 1 microg/ml on LM cells and SMC were evaluated using estrogen response element gene reporter, real-time RT-PCR, western blot, immunoprecipitation and cell proliferation assays. RESULTS Elevated estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation, increased mRNA expression of early estrogen-responsive genes, progesterone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and decreased protein levels of ER-alpha (ER alpha) were found in genistein-treated LM cells, but not SMC. Additionally, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), Src homology/collagen (Shc) and ER alpha were transiently activated, and interactions between ER alpha and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) were rapidly induced by genistein in LM cells. Using ER antagonist ICI 182,780 and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059, we found that these early events were inhibited and the proliferative effect of genistein on LM cells was abrogated. CONCLUSIONS ER alpha is involved in the transient activation of ERK/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) by genistein via its early association with IGF-IR, leading to hyper-responsiveness of LM cells and confirming that ER signaling is enhanced by activation of ERK/MAPK in LM cells.
Clumpy ultracompact H II regions. III. Cometary morphologies around stationary stars.

ABSTRACT Cometary ultracompact H II regions have been modelled as the interaction of thehypersonicwindfromamovingstarwiththemolecularcloudwhichsurroundsthestar.We here show that a similar morphology can ensue even if the star is stationary withrespect to the cloud material. We assume that the H II region is within a stellar windbubble which is strongly mass loaded: the cometary shape results from a gradient inthe distribution of mass loading sources. This model circumvents problems associatedwith the necessarily high spatial velocities of stars in the moving star models.Key words: hydrodynamics – stars: mass-loss – ISM: structure – H II regions – radiolines: ISM. 1 INTRODUCTIONThe ultracompact H II regions (UCHiiR) found deep withinmolecular clouds provide important information on the earlyphases of the interaction of massive stars with their natalenvironment. The disruption of the cloud material by thehypersonic winds and UV radiation ﬁelds of these stars is asevere barrier to an understanding of the process of massivestar formation – only by studying the disruption process willanything be learnt about the innermost regions of the pro-tostellar cloud. The disruption process also involves manyimportant problems of gas dynamics. Considerable theoret-ical eﬀort has gone into modelling the varied morphology ofUCHiiR.Most theoretical attention has so far been given to thecometary regions, which comprise about 20 per cent of ob-served UCHiiR (Churchwell 1990). Perhaps the most de-tailed model, that of Van Buren & Mac Low (1992, andreferences therein), treats them as the steady-state partiallyionized structures behind bow shocks driven by the windsof stars moving through molecular cloud material. Althoughit has been argued that some morphologies which are notapparently cometary (in particular, core–halo) can be ex-plained as cometary structures viewed close to their axes(Mac Low et al. 1991), the shell and multiply peaked mor-phologies cannot, and so other models should also be inves-tigated.There are also a number of unresolved questions withregard to the cometary models. First, the star is assumed tobe moving through relatively homogeneous molecular cloudgas. Yet it is well known that cloud material has a clumpydistribution down to very small scales. Secondly, currentcometary models require rather high stellar velocities, char-acteristically 10–20kms
ITRI-99-10 Inclusion of Picture Sequences in Generated Documents

This paper explains how a form of picture retrieval can be used to allow a document generation system to include pictures in generated documents. The exposition is based on the What You See Is What You Meant (WYSIWYM) approach to document generation [Power and Scott, 1998]. The approach outlined in the paper makes use of a library of pictures, each of which is associated with a WYSIWYM-generated set of logical representations that formalize the intended meaning of the picture. The paper focuses on the inclusion of picture sequences into generated documents, and on coreference relations between different pictures in a sequence.
Power Estimation Method Based on Real Measurements for Processor-Based Designs on FPGA

FPGA is considered to be a good platform for rapid prototyping of embedded designs. The power consumption is a growing problem with FPGAs, which is required to be optimized. In this paper, a method is proposed to estimate the dynamic power consumption of Micro Blaze based processing unit used in embedded designs for FPGA. The proposed method is based on experimental bench of implemented designs where the processing unit is repeated distinctly, and on real power measurements after downloading implemented applications on Virtex-6 FPGA using Xilinx Chip Scope tool. As a result of the considerable dynamic power variation, the dynamic power consumption of the Micro Blaze processing unit without the Floating Point Unit (FPU) is estimated to be 84 mW, and 102 mW with enabling the FPU. The proposed method is verified to be accurate, by comparing its based realistic power measurements with the XPower estimated results.
PM2: Parallel Multithreaded Machine. A Computing Environment for Distributed Architectures

In this paper we present PM 2 , a system environment which aims to support the execution of parallel applications on distributed architectures. In particular, we focus on parallel applications that solve irregular problems, e.g. problems the parallel decomposition of which is highly dynamic and not predictable. In the (cid:12)rst part we discuss the major drawbacks of using a classical \monothreaded" approach. Then, we show the ability of a multithreaded environment to support e(cid:14)ciently parallel computing. In the third part we present the PM 2 platform and discuss some powerful features it provides to programmers.
An outlook on the impact of trust models on routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)

In a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), nodes cannot rely on any fixed infrastructure for routing purposes. Rather, they have to cooperate to achieve this objective. However, the absence of any trusted third party in such networks may result in nodes deviating from the routing protocol for selfish or malicious reasons. The concept of trusted routing has been promoted to handle the problems selfish and malicious nodes cause to the network. Existing work on trusted routing has focused on integrating a trust model into the routing protocol to tolerate various classes of attacks. However, little is known about whether a trust model is effective against all the attack classes. In this paper, we show that, in general, trust models help in achieving better efficiency in MANETs in the presence of rational and malicious behavior. We also show that the trust model used achieves varied efficiency against different attack classes, showing that a single trust model may not be sufficient to handle all the attack classes.
Guaranteed cost control of interval type-2 T-S fuzzy systems with time-varying delays

In this paper, several guaranteed cost (GC) interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy control schemes of nonlinear plants with time-varying state delays and exogenous disturbances will be considered. General IT2 Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models are utilized to formulate the nonlinear plants. The corresponding H2 GC function and H∞ disturbance suppression performance index are established in terms of the represented time-delay systems. Criteria for the known of H2 GC fuzzy controller (and the controller with H∞ performance index constraints) are constructed by using the methods of linear matrix inequality and S-procedure. Asymptotic stability of the resulting overall delay can be ensured by the desired fuzzy controllers with desired optimal GC performance and H∞ performance. Finally, an inverted pendulum example is utilized to test the validity of the presented control schemes.
Ethnicity and Conflict: An Empirical Study

We examine empirically the impact of ethnic divisions on conflict, by using a specification based on Esteban and Ray (2011). That theory links conflict intensity to three indices of ethnic distribution: polarization, fractionalization, and the Gini-Greenberg index. The empirical analysis verifies that these distributional measures are significant correlates of conflict. These effects persist as we introduce country-specific measures of group cohesion and of the importance of public goods, and combine them with the distributional measures exactly as described by the theory. (JEL D63, D74, J15, O15, O17)