Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral Indices of Core and Extended Components of Extragalactic Radio Sources

We use observed peak and total flux densities at 6cm and 20cm to determine the spectral indices separately for the core and extended components of QSOs and galaxies, as well as their core-dominance parameters. Our results indicate that 1) Nine QSOs show both greater than 1.0 core-dominance parameters (those objects should be blazars) and greater than 0.5 spectral indices. The average core spectral index is Core = 0.85±0.21 for the nine blazars, which implies that it is not reliable to use radio = 0.0 for blazars. For the dierent subclasses, the core and extended spectral indices are as follows: for the blazars, Core = 0.22±0.06 and Ext =0.77±0.12; the galaxies, Core = 1.01±0.13 and Ext =0.83±0.21, and for
The infrared environment of methanol maser rings at high spatial resolution

Abstract The recent discovery of methanol maser emission coming from ring-like distributions has led to the plausible hypothesis that they may be tracing circumstellar disks around forming high mass stars. In this article we discuss the distribution of circumstellar material around such young and massive accreting (proto)stars, and what infrared emission geometries would be expected for different disk/outflow orientations. For four targets we then compare the expected infrared geometries (as inferred from the properties of the maser rings) with actual high spatial resolution near-infrared and mid-infrared images. We find that the observed infrared emission geometries are not consistent with the masers residing in circumstellar disks.
The WSR-88D rainfall algorithm

Abstract A detailed description of the operational WSR-88D rainfall estimation algorithm is presented. This algorithm, called the Precipitation Processing System, produces radar-derived rainfall products in real time for forecasters in support of the National Weather Service’s warning and forecast missions. It transforms reflectivity factor measurements into rainfall accumulations and incorporates rain gauge data to improve the radar estimates. The products are used as guidance to issue flood watches and warnings to the public and as input into numerical hydrologic and atmospheric models. The processing steps to quality control and compute the rainfall estimates are described, and the current deficiencies and future plans for improvement are discussed.
Parallel feedforward and simplified adaptive control

Simple adaptive control systems were recently shown to be globally stable and to maintain robustness in the presence of disturbances if the controlled plant is ‘almost strictly positive real’, namely, if there exists a positive definite static output feedback (unknown and not needed for implementation) such that the resulting closed-loop transfer function is strictly positive real. This paper is an attempt to show in an intuitive way how to use parallel feedforward and the stabilizability properties of systems in order to satisfy the ‘almost positivity’ condition. The feedforward configuration may be stationary, if some prior knowledge is given, or adaptive, in general. This way, simple adaptive controllers can be implemented in a large number of complex control systems, without requiring the order of the plant or the pole excess as prior knowledge
The Simulation of Generalized Inverse Gaussian and Hyperbolic Random Variables

Computer algorithms are described for simulation of the generalized inverse Gaussian, generalized hyperbolic and hyperbolic distributions. The efficiencies of the algorithms are found. Timing comparisons with the best available algorithms for sampling the gamma distribution show the new algorithms to be acceptably fast. The extension to sampling multivariate generalized hyperbolic distributions is escribed. Listings of Fortran implementations of the algorithms are available.
Dependent types and formal synthesis

The relative advantages offered by the use of dependent types (rather than polymorphic ones) in a higher-order logic used for reasoning about digital systems are explored. Dependent types and subtypes are shown to provide an effective means of expressing the bounded, parametrized types typically encountered in this field. Heuristic methods can be used to minimize problems arising from the loss of decidable type-checking. A second topic discussed is formal synthesis, an approach to design in which the activities of behavioural synthesis and of formal verification are combined. The starting point is a behavioural specification, the end result is a specification of an implementation together with a proof of its correctness.
Quantum, or classical turbulence?

Our experimental answer is that in thermal counterflow of superfluid 4He both quantum and classical characteristics of turbulence can be detected simultaneously, depending on the length scale at which this quantum flow is probed. We study it at length scales straddling two orders of magnitude across the average distance ℓ between quantized vortices. The Lagrangian dynamics of solid deuterium particles of size is investigated by using the particle tracking velocimetry technique. The normalized probability distribution of the particle velocity changes from the power-law shape typical of quantum turbulence, at scales , to the nearly Gaussian form typical of classical turbulent flows, at .
Multimode InfraRed Imaging and Microspectroscopy (MIRIAM) Beamline at Diamond

InfraRed (IR) MicroSpectroscopy is a quantitative analytical and non-destructive technique that has undergone a renaissance since its coupling to synchrotron radiation (SR) [1]. The primary advantages of an SR IR source with respect to BlackBody (BB) are a wide broadband spectrum, high brightness/brilliance, intrinsic light polarization, and temporal pulse structure. SR IR spans a larger spectral distribution, also covering the far-IR (or THz region), and can be up to 1000 times brighter in the mid-IR than thermal sources. Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) interferometry has proven extremely effective for performing IR absorption spectroscopy, i.e. for quantifying optically active vibrational modes of molecular components. SR's high brightness benefits FTIR spectromicroscopy with a signal-to-noise ratio unreachable by other broadband sources at diffraction limited spatial resolution at the microscopic scale and in confocal geometry.
Cycle time of stochastic event graphs: evaluation and marking optimization

Addresses the performance evaluation and optimization of a strongly connected event graph with random firing times. The authors proposed an upper bound and a lower bound for the average cycle time of event graphs knowing the initial marking. The authors then prove that, under some weak conditions on the firing time distributions, it is possible to reach, on average, a cycle time smaller than any given value C* with a finite marking, assuming that C* is greater than the greatest firing time. Finally, the authors propose an heuristic algorithm to reach such an average cycle time while minimizing a p-invariant criterion. >
A quasi-Newton method in inverse obstacle scattering

A quasi-Newton method is presented for the approximate solution of the inverse problem of determining the shape of a sound-soft or perfectly conducting infinitely long cylindrical obstacle from a knowledge of the far-field pattern for the scattering of time-harmonic plane waves. The numerical implementation of the method is described and it is illustrated by numerical examples that the method yields satisfactory reconstructions.
A Variational Level Set Model Based on Local Clustering for Image Segmentation

For images with intensity inhomogeneities that can’t get accurate segmentation results, this paper proposes a variational level set model based on local clustering. First,based on the model of images with intensity inhomogeneities, we use the K-mean clustering algorithm for intensity clustering in a neighborhood of each point of images with intensity inhomogeneities, and define a local clustering criterion function for the image intensities in the neighborhood. Then this local clustering criterion function is then integrated with respect to the neighborhood center to give a global criterion of image segmentation. This criterion defines an energy function as a local intensity fitting term in the level set model. By minimizing this energy, our method is able to get the accurate image segmentation. The image segmentation results prove that our model in the aspect of segmenting images with intensity inhomogeneity is better than piecewise constant (PC) models, and the segmentation efficiency is higher than region-scalable fitting (RSF) model.
Metamaterial electromagnetic energy harvester with near unity efficiency

We present the design of a metamaterial medium for electromagnetic energy harvesting based on the full absorption concept. A metamaterial slab was designed comprising 13 × 13 electrically small cells, each loaded with an 82 Ω resistor which mimics the input impedance of a rectification circuitry. Unlike earlier designs of metamaterial absorbers, here the power absorption is mostly dissipated across a resistive load instead of the dielectric substrate. This implies that effective electromagnetic energy harvesting can be achieved. The power is channeled through a via connected to each cell. For a design optimized at 3 GHz, simulation and experimental results show power absorption efficiency of 97% and 93%, respectively.
Abandoned luggage detection using a finite state automaton in surveillance video

We present an abandoned luggage detection architecture that consists of an intelligent surveillance system for public places. Detection of abandoned luggage is necessary because unattended or abandoned luggage can be used as a means of terrorist attack, especially for bombs. Our proposed system relies on three modules: moving object detection, object tracking and classification, and event recognition. We focus on abandoned luggage detection. To recognize an abandoned luggage event, we constructed the finite state automaton (FSA), in which each FSA state represents a certain luggage status. The proposed algorithm shows good performance in a real-world environment and also works at real-time speed.
How Competitive is the ADI for Tensor Structured Equations?

In [1] we presented an extension of the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method for the solution of Lyapunov equations 1 $$FX + XF^{T} = -GG^{T}$$ to higher dimensional problems. The vectorized form of the Lyapunov equation is $$\left( I \otimes F + F \otimes I \right) {\rm vec}\left(X\right) = {\rm vec}\left(B\right). $$ We considered the generalization of this equation of the form 2 $$A{\rm vec}(X) = \left( I \otimes \cdots \otimes I \otimes A_{1} + \dots + A_{d} \otimes I \otimes \cdots \otimes I \right) = {\rm vec}(B). $$ The tensor train structure is one possible generalization of the low rank factorization we find in the right hand side of (1). Therefor we assume B to be of tensor train structure. We showed that in analogy to the low rank ADI case the solution X can be generated in tensor train structure, too. Further we provided an algorithm that computes X using a generalization of the ADI method.
Adaptive component mode synthesis in linear elasticity

Component mode synthesis (CMS) is a classical method for the reduction of large‐scale finite element models in linear elasticity. In this paper we develop a methodology for adaptive refinement of CMS models. The methodology is based on a posteriori error estimates that determine to what degree each CMS subspace influence the error in the reduced solution. We consider a static model problem and prove a posteriori error estimates for the error in a linear goal quantity as well as in the energy and L2 norms. Automatic control of the error in the reduced solution is accomplished through an adaptive algorithm that determines suitable dimensions of each CMS subspace. The results are demonstrated in numerical examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibronic nature of hafnium oxide/silicon interface states investigated by capacitance frequency spectroscopy

Using a method based on the frequency dependence of capacitance, cross sections for electron capture into energy states at the interlayer/silicon interface have been investigated for HfO2 that is deposited on silicon by reactive sputtering. We find that the capture cross sections are thermally activated and steeply increase with increasing energy depth. Both features can be attributed to the same physical origin, indicating vibronic trap properties, where the capture mechanism is governed by multiphonon processes.
Adaptive topology optimization of shell structures

To solve generalized shape optimization problems, material topology optimization is applied to determine the basic layout, i.e., to insert and eliminate holes in the design space. In addition, the inner and outer contours are optimized in detail by shape optimization. To improve the quality of the results and to increase the numerical efe ciency, the design model is adapted during the optimization process. Two aspects of design adaptivity are considered. On the one hand, the parametrization of the design space is varied during the material topology optimization process and, on the other hand, the kind of design model is adapted during the overall optimization process switching between material topology and shape optimization. The adaptive techniques are discussed, and adaptive design modeling is verie ed for topology optimization problems of shell structures.
Electronic structure of the GaAs:MnGa center

The excitation spectrum of the 0.11-eV Mn acceptor in GaAs has been thoroughly investigated by uniaxial stress and Zeeman fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results give strong evidence for the ${3\mathrm{d}}^{5}$ +shallow hole model for the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{0}$ center. The deformation potentials as well as the g values determined for the hole are in close agreement with those previously reported for the ${1\mathrm{S}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}$(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{8}$) state for shallow acceptors in GaAs. All experimental results are in accordance with a J=1 ground-state level derived from exchange coupling of the shallow ${1\mathrm{S}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}$(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{8}$) hole and the S=5/2 ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ core. A splitting between J=2 and J=1 levels in the range from 9 to 12 meV is inferred and is considerably larger than the 2\char21{}3 meV splitting previously suggested
Speech forensics: Automatic acquisition device identification.

Automatic identification‐of‐the‐source is an important problem in the field of speech forensics. That is, given a speech recording, the problem is to determine how to automatically determine the exact make and model of the acquisition device regardless of the speaker and speech content. Recent work developed by the authors have shown that statistical modeling of the device characteristics in terms of MFCCs provides excellent discriminative power when the recordings are obtained under controlled conditions (i.e., all recordings come from the same room and a unique device per class is used). In this study we propose to expand these results by analyzing the effects that room acoustics and intra‐device variability have in the source identification accuracy. To perform this analysis, the NIST 2008 SRE dataset will be used. This corpus provides recordings acquired with multiple devices of the same make and model in different rooms.
QUANTIFYING THE TIME-CLUSTERING IN SGR1806-20 BURSTS

The time-clustering behavior of the neutron star SGR1806-20 burst sequence (detected by the International Cometary Explorer, ICE) has been analyzed. The presence of two different timescaling regions, related to the "foreshock" and "aftershock" phases, separated by the largest event occurred on November 16, 1983, 8:34 GMT, E = 5.17 · 1041erg, has been evidenced. The results highlight that starquake foreshocks involve medium timescales from about 30 minutes to approximately 5 days, while starquake aftershocks involve longer timescales ranging up 4 months.
An anomalous subdiffusion model for calcium spark in cardiac myocytes

The elementary events of excitation-contraction coupling in heart muscle are Ca2+ sparks, which arise from ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Here, an anomalous subdiffusion model is developed to explore Ca2+ spark formation in cardiac myocytes. Numerical simulations reproduce the brightness, the time course, and spatial size of a typical cardiac Ca2+ spark. It is suggested that the diffusion of Ca2+ spark in the cytoplasm may no longer obey Fickian second law, but the anomalous space subdiffusion. The physical reason is perhaps due to the effects of the electric field of the calcium ions and the viscoelasticity of the cytoplasm and its complex structures.
On the Practice of Bayesian Inference in Basic Economic Time Series Models Using Gibbs Sampling

Several lessons learned from a Bayesian analysis of basic economic time series models by means of the Gibbs sampling algorithm are presented. Models include the Cochrane-Orcutt model for serial correlation, the Koyck distributed lag model, the Unit Root model, the Instrumental Variables model and as Hierarchical Linear Mixed Models, the State-Space model and the Panel Data model. We discuss issues involved when drawing Bayesian inference on regression parameters and variance components, in particular when some parameter have substantial posterior probability near the boundary of the parameter region, and show that one should carefully scan the shape of the posterior density function. Analytical, graphical and empirical results are used along the way.
Convergence of the Implicit Filtering Method for Constrained Optimization of Noisy Functions

In this paper, we develop convergence theory of the implicit filtering method for solving the box constrained optimization whose objective function includes a smooth term and a noisy term. It is shown that under certain assumption on the noisy function, the sequence of projected gradients on the smooth function produced by the method goes to zero. Moreover, it is shown that if the smooth function is convex and the noisy function decays near optimality, the whole sequence of iterates converges to a solution of the concerned problem and possesses the finite identification for the optimal active set under the nondegenerate assumption. Finally, preliminary numerical results are reported.
Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere

The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis third generation atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM3) is described. The discussion summarizes the details of the complete physics package emphasizing the changes made relative to the second generation version of the model. AGCM3 is the underlying model for applica- tions which include the IPCC fourth assessment, coupled atmosphere-ocean seasonal forecasting, the first generation of the CCCma earth system model (CanESM1), and middle- atmosphere chemistry-climate modelling (CCM). Here we shall focus on issues related to an upwardly extended ver- sion of AGCM3, the Canadian Middle-Atmosphere Model (CMAM). The CCM version of CMAM participated in the 2006 WMO/UNEP Scientific Assessment of Ozone Deple- tion and issues concerning its climate such as the impact of gravity-wave drag, the modelling of a spontaneous QBO, and the seasonality of the breakdown of the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex are discussed here.
Coherent terahertz emission from ferromagnetic films excited by femtosecond laser pulses

It is shown that the laser induced ultrafast demagnetization of ferromagnetic films results in the emission of a terahertz electromagnetic pulse. This emission has been detected from Ni films using free-space electro-optic sampling. The radiated electric field E(t) is explained by Maxwell equations (radiation from a time dependent magnetic dipole), and is expected to be proportional to the second time derivative of the magnetization d2M/dt2, as measured in the far field. This technique opens appealing perspectives in the context of measuring and understanding the ultrafast spin dynamics as well as the interaction of electrons (both charge and spin) with electromagnetic fields.
Regular Article: Well-posed Perfectly Matched Layers for Advective Acoustics

Using a mathematical framework originally developed for the development of PML schemes in computational electromagnetics, we develop a set of strongly well-posed PML equations for the absorption of acoustic and vorticity waves in two-dimensional convective acoustics under the assumption of a spatially constant mean flow. A central piece in this development is the development of a variable transformation that conserves the dispersion relation of the physical space equations. The PML equations are given for layers being perpendicular to the direction of the mean flow as well as for layers being parallel to the mean flow. The efficacy of the PML scheme is illustrated by solving the equations of acoustics using a 4th order scheme, confirming the accuracy as well as stability of the proposed scheme.
Well‐posedness of a parabolic free boundary problem driven by diffusion and surface tension

Well‐posedness and regularity results are shown for a class of free boundary problems consisting of diffusion on a free domain where the boundary movement depends on its mean curvature of the boundary and the diffusion on the boundary, and initial conditions are radially symmetric. Short‐time existence and uniqueness of solutions in a suitable Sobolev space are shown using a fixed‐point argument. Higher regularity is a posteriori. Finally, it is shown that solutions exist globally in time and converge to equilibrium if the boundary movement depends on the mean curvature of the boundary and diffusion in a specific way. A mathematical model describing the swelling of a cell due to osmosis is treated as an example. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infinite array of printed dipoles integrated with a layer of printed strip grating for suppression of cross-polar radiation. II. An idealized unidirectional conducting screen (UCS) model

For pt.I see ibid., vol.45, no.6, p.960, 1997. We present the analysis of an infinite array of printed dipoles covered by a unidirectionally conducting screen (UCS). This geometry is an idealization for a practical dipole array loaded on top by a strip-grating layer, which is of particular interest for low cross-polar radiation. The idealization using the UCS layer allows significant simplification in the analytical formulation, numerical computation, as well as basic physical understanding. Quite accurate results are obtained from the ideal model, valid for real grating-loaded dipole arrays with practical ranges of design parameters. The results from the present analysis are compared and contrasted with those from a rigorous analysis of the grating-loaded array, which demonstrates the practical usefulness and validity of the idealization.