Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Fertility and Longevity

HE RAPID decline in the birth rate of practically all industrial nations, which has become especially noticeable during the past two decades, has directed attention to the course of the birth rate during the entire nineteenth and early part of the twentieth centuries. Due to the general inaccuracy and incompleteness of the records of births and deaths during the past century, it has been necessary to resort to indirect indices of the birth rate during this period. One of these indices is a comparison of the average number of offspring of women dying at various ages after the close of the childbearing period (I-4). ' On the assumption that there is no relationship between fertility and length of life, the difference in the average number of children born to women aged 50-54 years at death and women aged 80-84 years at death is a measure of the difference in the birth rate of the two periods during which these women were in the childbearing ages. It has been generally recognized that the validity of this procedure rests upon the assumption that the ability to survive to an advanced age is independent of the number of children born. All investigations have shown that women dying at advanced ages have borne on the average more children than women dying at younger ages. However, there has been general disagreement concerning the interpretation of this fact. Some have interpreted the generally higher average number of children born to women dying, for example at 75-79 years of age as compared with the average number of children born to women dying at 50-54 years of age, as a measure of the decline in the birth rate, but others accept the same type of data as proof of a positive correlation between fertility and length of life (5-8). All of the studies, with the exception of those using the data to indicate the decline in the birth rate, have concluded that there was a positive correlation between fertility and length of life and that because of this women who died at advanced ages had more children than those who died at younger ages. As a whole, the conclusions have not been well founded since in none of the studies have all the relevant factors been controlled. A critical summary of the studies has been published by Freeman so that detailed criticism will not be undertaken here (9). To indicate the shortcomings of previous studies, it is only necessary to point out that age at death and number of offspring were the usual variables considered and that age at
A Single Camera Image Based Approach for Glossy Reflections in Mixed Reality Applications

Proper scene inference provides the basis for a seamless integration of virtual objects into the real environment. While widely neglected in many AR/MR environments, previous approaches providing good results were based on rather complex setups, often involving mirrored balls, several HDR cameras, and fish eye lenses to achieve proper light probes. In this paper we present an approach requiring a single RGB-D camera image only for generating glossy reflections on virtual objects. Our approach is based on a partial 3D reconstruction of the real environment combined with a screen-space ray-tracing mechanism. We show that our approach allows for convincing reflections of the real environment as well as mutual reflections between virtual objects of an MR environment.
Kidney Transplant in Black Recipients: Are African Europeans Different from African Americans?

Despite recent improvement, significant racial disparities in outcome still persist after renal transplantation among African American patients in the United States. This study evaluated the association of race and ethnicity with allograft outcomes in a French population of 952 Caucasian (Cauc) patients and 140 African European (AE) patients who underwent renal transplantation in our center between 1987 and 2003.
Examining transformative processes in volunteer tourism

This study adopts a multidisciplinary perspective on the process of transformational change in volunteer tourism. Transformational change is understood as an individualized process which can lead to a critical awareness of the self, leading to a new self-definition. It involves four specific elements, a reflection upon the content of their knowledge, the process of knowing, the premise of what they know and the relational elements of their knowledge. Adopting a qualitative semi-structured interview approach, volunteer tourists provide an account of their volunteer tourism experiences in relation to these four transformational process elements. The results indicate that transformational change does occur through tourism, but that this is an individualized process, not an end outcome. Transformation may be strong at an internal level but it may or may not manifest in behaviour that the individual tourist him or herself is even aware of, let alone observable behaviour that researchers can quantify. It is therefore best understood as a process with distinct steps, of which a change in behaviour is just one element. Facilitators of change can be identified but only partially explain why transformation does and does not occur.
General rules for predicting where a catalytic reaction should occur on metal surfaces: a density functional theory study of C-H and C-O bond breaking/making on flat, stepped, and kinked metal surfaces.

To predict where a catalytic reaction should occur is a fundamental issue scientifically. Technologically, it is also important because it can facilitate the catalyst's design. However, to date, the understanding of this issue is rather limited. In this work, two types of reactions, CH(4) <--> CH(3) + H and CO <--> C + O on two transition metal surfaces, were chosen as model systems aiming to address in general where a catalytic reaction should occur. The dissociations of CH(4) --> CH(3) + H and CO --> C + O and their reverse reactions on flat, stepped, and kinked Rh and Pd surfaces were studied in detail. We find the following: First, for the CH(4) <--> Ch(3) + H reaction, the dissociation barrier is reduced by approximately 0.3 eV on steps and kinks as compared to that on flat surfaces. On the other hand, there is essentially no difference in barrier for the association reaction of CH(3) + H on the flat surfaces and the defects. Second, for the CO <--> C + O reaction, the dissociation barrier decreases dramatically (more than 0.8 eV on Rh and Pd) on steps and kinks as compared to that on flat surfaces. In contrast to the CH(3) + H reaction, the C + O association reaction also preferentially occurs on steps and kinks. We also present a detailed analysis of the reaction barriers in which each barrier is decomposed quantitatively into a local electronic effect and a geometrical effect. Our DFT calculations show that surface defects such as steps and kinks can largely facilitate bond breaking, while whether the surface defects could promote bond formation depends on the individual reaction as well as the particular metal. The physical origin of these trends is identified and discussed. On the basis of our results, we arrive at some simple rules with respect to where a reaction should occur: (i) defects such as steps are always favored for dissociation reactions as compared to flat surfaces; and (ii) the reaction site of the association reactions is largely related to the magnitude of the bonding competition effect, which is determined by the reactant and metal valency. Reactions with high valency reactants are more likely to occur on defects (more structure-sensitive), as compared to reactions with low valency reactants. Moreover, the reactions on late transition metals are more likely to proceed on defects than those on the early transition metals.
GENETIC COVARIATION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY COMPONENTS: THE EFFECT OF NOVEL ENVIRONMENTS

gaster as estimated using compound-autosome strains. Evolution 33:359-370. MITCHELL, J. A. , AND M. J. SIMMONS. 1977. Fitness effects of EMS induced mutations on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Hemizygous fitnesseffects. Genetics 87:775-783. MUKAI, T. , S. CHIGUSA, AND I. YOSHIKAWA. 1965. The genetic structure of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. III. Dominance effect of spontaneous mutant polygenescontrolling viability in heterozygous genetic background. Genetics 52:493-501.
Neglected Femoral Neck Fractures in Adults

Purpose. To assess treatment outcomes in adults with neglected femoral neck fractures, and propose a treatment protocol based on bone quality measured by the Singh index. Methods. 16 men and 6 women aged 18 to 48 (mean, 33) years presented with neglected (>3 weeks old) femoral neck fractures. Those with good bone quality (Singh index, >3) underwent closed reduction and valgus osteotomy and fixation with 120° double angle blade plates (group 1, n=8), whereas those with poor bone quality (Singh index, <3) and/or communition of the posterior femoral neck underwent fibular grafting and internal fixation with one or two 7-mm cannulated cancellous screws (group 2, n=14). Functional outcome was assessed at the 6-month follow-up, according to modified Askin and Bryan criteria. Results. The mean delay in surgery was 12 (range, 4–21) weeks. Patients were followed up for a mean of 19 (range, 12–24) months. The mean time to union was 20 (range, 12–52) weeks. The mean time to full weight bearing was 18 (range, 12–40) weeks. All patients achieved bone union except one in group 1 who had non-union and breakage of the blade plate at week 20 and underwent total hip arthroplasty. Other complications included slippage of fibular graft (n=1), delayed union (n=1), avascular necrosis of the femoral head (n=2, Fig. 6), limb length discrepancy (n=3), and superficial infection (n=1). Functional outcome was excellent in 2 patients, good in 17, and poor in 3. Conclusion. Valgus osteotomy and double angle blade plate fixation, and fibular grafting and cancellous screw fixation appeared to be appropriate treatments for neglected femoral neck fractures in adults.
Differential Relationships Between Social Adversity and Depressive Symptoms by HIV Status and Racial/Ethnic Identity

Objective: Historically marginalized groups are likely to be exposed to social adversity, which predicts important mental health outcomes (e.g., depression). Despite the well-established relationship between adversity and poor health, few studies have examined how adversity differentially predicts mental health among people living with multiple, co-occurring marginalized identities or statuses. The current study fills this gap by examining whether relationships between social adversity and depressive symptoms differed between those living with or without a stigmatized disease (i.e., HIV) and/or marginalized racial/ethnic identity (i.e., African American). Method: A community sample of men and women (N = 149) completed questionnaires assessing demographics and depressive symptoms. Additionally, a composite index of social adversity was derived from measures of perceived discrimination, socioeconomic status, financial restriction to receiving medical care, and perceived neighborhood characteristics. Multiple regression was used to test whether relationships between adversity and depressive symptoms differed as a function of HIV status and racial/ethnic identity. Results: A significant 3-way interaction between social adversity, HIV status, and racial/ethnic identity indicated that there was a direct relationship between adversity and depressive symptoms for HIV-positive (HIV+) African Americans but not for HIV-negative (HIV–) African Americans, HIV+ Caucasians, or HIV– Caucasians. Further, HIV+ African Americans evidenced a significantly greater relationship between adversity and depressive symptoms compared with HIV– African Americans, but not compared with other groups. Conclusions: The findings suggest that HIV+ African Americans may be at risk for higher depressive symptoms amid adversity, highlighting the importance of evaluating intersectional identities/statuses in the context of mental health.
Do You Want the Good News or the Bad News First ? News Order Influences Recipients ’ Mood , Perceptions , and Behaviors

Giving bad news can be anxiety-provoking. When faced with a bad news delivery situation, people may use prosodic techniques such as mixing good news with the bad. In these events, people may ask, “Do you want the good or the bad news first? ” In this study we examined whether news order has affective, cognitive, and behavioral consequences. Participants completed a personality test and received fake results in either a ‘good then bad,’ ‘bad then good,’ or ‘bad only’ order. Participants completed questionnaires about how they felt about their results and chose whether to watch a personality improvement video. Results revealed that news order has consequences. People who received good news last reported better mood and appraisal of the results. Additionally, people who received bad news last reported greater intentions for behavioral change and were more likely to watch the improvement video. Our findings suggest that there is no correct approach to delivering news and that instead newsgivers should consider the optimal outcomes for the recipient. To buffer negative affect they should relay good news last, but if the goal is behavior change then ending with bad news may be best. Our findings have important implications for the bad news delivery process and its consequences between news-givers and recipients.
Xanthine effects on renal proximal tubular function and cyclic AMP metabolism.

We evaluated the renal effects of xanthines using two in vitro models: the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK) and cultured opossum kidney (OK) cells, a continuous cell line that resembles proximal tubule and responds to parathyroid hormone (PTH). 1,3-Diethyl-8-phenylxanthine (DPX) a potent adenosine receptor antagonist, increased urine volume, glomerular filtration rate, vascular resistance and the fractional excretions of Na, K, Ca and Pi in the IPRK. DPX lowered the Na-dependent uptake of Pi by OK cells. By comparison enprofylline, 3-propylxanthine (ENP), a weak adenosine receptor antagonist, produced a slight elevation in glomerular filtration rate but no changes in electrolyte excretion by IPRK or Pi uptake by OK cells. Both DPX and ENP produced negligible elevations in basal IPRK cAMP. A 1-nM bolus of PTH elevated urinary and perfusate cAMP 50- and 10-fold, respectively. PTH-elevated urinary and perfusate cAMP were augmented further 4- to 7-fold with DPX and 3- to 4-fold with ENP (All IPRK experiments used 50 microM xanthine). OK cells produced a 2-fold cAMP response to 10 nM PTH alone. OK cells treated with 50 microM DPX exhibited no increase in basal but a 13-fold increase in PTH-stimulated cell cAMP. The rank order of potency at 50 microM to augment OK cell cAMP with 10 nM PTH was DPX greater than 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPC) greater than 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine greater than theobromine greater than theophylline greater than caffeine greater than ENP = no effect. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lack of effect of Lactobacillus GG on antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in adults and, secondarily, to assess the effect of coadministered Lactobacillus GG on the number of tests performed to determine the cause of diarrhea. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from July 1998 to October 1999, 302 hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics were randomized to receive Lactobacillus GG, 20 x 10(9) CFU/d, or placebo for 14 days. Subjects recorded the number of stools and their consistency daily for 21 days. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who developed diarrhea in the first 21 days after enrollment. Weekly telephone follow-up was also performed. Results were analyzed in an intention-to-treat fashion. RESULTS Diarrhea developed in 39 (29.3%) of 133 patients randomized to receive Lactobacillus GG and in 40 (29.9%) of 134 patients randomized to receive placebo (P=.93). No additional difference in the rate of occurrence of diarrhea was found between treatment and placebo patients in a subgroup analysis of those treated with beta-lactam vs non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Too few patients had stool cultures, additional laboratory tests for diarrhea, or a positive diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection to assess between-group differences. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus GG in a dose of 20 x 10(9) CFU/d did not reduce the rate of occurrence of diarrhea in this sample of 267 adult patients taking antibiotics initially administered in the hospital setting.
Isolation of an ABA Transporter-Like 1 Gene from Arachis hypogaea That Affects ABA Import and Reduces ABA Sensitivity in Arabidopsis

Abscisic acid (ABA) transporters are essential for the transport of ABA from its sites of synthesis to its multiple sites of action within plants and are key players in plant stress responses. Despite their importance, there is limited information on ABA transporters in crop plants. In this study, we isolated and characterized an ABA transporter-like 1 (AhATL1) gene from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) whose cognate protein, AhATL1, is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter G subfamily and localizes to the plasma membrane. The expression of both the AhATL1 transcript and the corresponding protein were upregulated by water stress and treatment with exogenous ABA. Overexpression of AhATL1 in ecotype Columbia (Col) Arabidopsis (AhATL1-OX) plants reduced ABA sensitivity. When AhATL1-OX and Arabidopsis Col plants were subjected to dehydration stress, the expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (AtNCED3) and responsive to desiccation 29 A (AtRD29A) accumulated rapidly in rosette leaves of both lines. In contrast, while expression of ATP-binding cassette G 40 (AtABCG40) was increased in Col rosette leaves, there was no change in expression of AtABCG40 in AhATL1-OX leaves. Similarly, water loss from detached leaves of AhATL1-OX plants was more rapid than from Col leaves. Therefore, we suggest that the function of AhATL1 is probably to modulate ABA sensitivity by specifically influencing ABA import into cells.
LIMSI@CoNLL’17: UD Shared Task

This paper describes LIMSI’s submission to the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task, which is focused on small treebanks, and how to improve low-resourced parsing only by ad hoc combination of multiple views and resources. We present our approach for low-resourced parsing, together with a detailed analysis of the results for each test treebank. We also report extensive analysis experiments on model selection for the PUD treebanks, and on annotation consistency among UD treebanks.
加強家庭聯擊對兒童學習效果與家庭氣氛的影響The Effects of Increasing Teacher-Parent Contacts on Children's Learning and Home Climates

本研究旨在探討加强學校與家庭之聯繫是否有助於學生的學業成績、學習態度及其家庭氣氛。 受試樣本爲花蓮市明廉國小六年級學生，依等組前後測實驗設計，將能力、背景相近之兩班隨機分派爲實驗組與控制組，各有42名學生（男22，女20）。 每生除施以各項現成測驗外，並施以自編之「家庭氣氛問卷」。 實驗變項爲「加强家庭聯繫」，實驗組學生由導師負責於學期之初及寒假期間訪視全班學生家庭各一次，主題分别爲「如何指導子女學習」及「如何做父母」；對於偶爾或極少與學校聯繫之父母，各再另加兩次訪視。 此外，不定期以電話與家長聯繫，每天使用家庭聯絡簿，並印贈「怎樣做好父母」與「怎樣指導子女」書面資料，擧行母姊會（二次）及家長會(四次）。 經過十個月之實驗，其結果以Finn之複變量共變數分析法電算程式處理，即以智商與學業前測成績爲共變項，以學業成就等變項之差距分數（複測減前測）爲依變項。 結果發現在十四個依變項中，有八項顯示實驗效果：卽實驗組的學業成就增進，成就動機提高，對校態度積極化，父母對子女敎育態度改善，家庭學習環境改良，家庭內親子間語言互動增加，而父母管敎子女的紛歧態度減少、誘導方式增加。 研究結果顯示加强家庭聯繫有助於改善學生家庭氣氛與父母管敎方式，因而有利於學生的學業成績和對校態度。 In a two-semester experimental study of the effects of increasing teacher-parent contactts on pupils' learning and home climates, 84 pupils of grade 6 in Hualien, Taiwan were randomly distributed by sex into 2 classes, one as the experimental group (EG), one as the control group (CG). In EG, teacher-parent interactions such as home visits, telephone conversations, parent-teacher meetings, parent-teacher written dialogues, and delivery of parent-education materials were increased about two times of the CG. For the Ss of low parent contacts with school, the frequency of teacher initiated contacts were even more. Ss completed a battey of tests, including the Pupil Academic Achievement Test the Achievment Motivation Questionnaire, the Learning Attitude Inventory, the Attitude Toward School Scale, the Pupil Personality Inventory, and the self-devised Home Climates Inventory (HCI), before and after the experiment. The HCI has two parts: (1) Parenting Style, including four subscales, i. e. , Authoritarian, Laissez-faire, Disharmony, and Democracy; (2) Home Social climates, including five subscales, i. e. , Parent's Level of Aspiration, Parent's Attitude Toward Education, Learning Environment at Home, Verbal Interaction at Home, and Family Members' Relationship. Using Finn's (1977) Multivariance computer program, a 2 (groups) x 2(sexes) analysis of covariance with intelligence and pretested academic achievement as covariates, difference scores between post-and pre-tests as dependent variables showed that increasing teacher-parent contacts worked effectively to improve both pupils' learning and home climates; All of 14 dependent variables were in favor of EG for both sexes, while 8 of them were significant. This means that increasing contacts with familes by teachers resulted in improving pupils' academic achievement, achievement motivation, attitude toward school, parent's attitude toward education, learning environment at home, verbal interaction at home, and parenting style, in which the Democracy style increased, while the Disharmony behavior reduced.
Distributed beamforming and power allocation for cooperative networks

Cooperative diversity systems rely on using relay nodes to relay copies of transmitted information to the destination such that each copy experiences different channel fading, hence increasing the diversity of the system. However, without proper processing of the message at the relays, the performance of the cooperative system may not necessarily perform better than direct transmission systems. In this paper, we proposed a distributed beamforming and power allocation algorithm which substantially improves the diversity of the system with only very limited feedback from the destination node. We also derive outage probability as well as study the outage behavior of this scheme.