Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal dialysis in the setting of acute brain injury: an underappreciated modality

ABSTRACT Introduction Dialysis is complicated in the setting of acute brain injury (ABI) due to several factors including acute solute shifts, acid base changes, need for anticoagulation, and changes in intracranial pressure. For these reasons, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is often the chosen modality for renal replacement needs in these patients. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is less discussed but shares many of the benefits often attributed to CRRT. We describe, from both nephrology and neurosurgical perspectives, a case successfully managed with PD. Case A 25-year-old male with history of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on continuous cycling PD for 5 years presented to the hospital with headache and altered mental status. Initial imaging revealed a large intraventricular hemorrhage extending to the fourth ventricle. He underwent an emergent right depressive hemicraniectomy and clot evacuation. Post-operative imaging revealed worsening cerebral edema, intraventricular hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus. The decision was made to continue PD, noting that it retains many of the benefits of CRRT (which it is in fact, a form of) which he tolerated well until the need for a percutaneous gastrostomy tube arose. He was transiently transitioned to hemodialysis but returned to PD once his gastrostomy healed. He continued PD for 1 year without complication and eventually received a kidney transplant. Discussion In managing patients with ABI undergoing dialysis, a number of considerations must be undertaken including avoidance of hypotension to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure and minimize ischemia reperfusion injury, avoidance of anticoagulants that can precipitate or worsen bleeding, the potential for cerebral edema due to rapid solute clearance and osmotic dissipation of therapeutic hypernatremia, and the mitigation of intracellular acidosis from bicarbonate delivery. Although underutilized, PD may potentially serve as a viable option for dialysis in the setting of ABI as demonstrated by the case presented.
Myocardial blood flow determination from contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging quantification of coronary sinus flow.

BACKGROUND Determination of myocardial blood flow (MBF) with MRI is usually performed with dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (MBFDCE ). MBF can also be determined from coronary sinus blood flow (MBFCS ), which has the advantage of being a noncontrast technique. However, comparative studies of MBFDCE and MBFCS in large cohorts are lacking. PURPOSE To compare MBFCS and MBFDCE in a large cohort. STUDY TYPE Prospective, sequence-comparison study. POPULATION 147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age: 56+/-12 years; 106 male; diabetes duration: 12.9+/-8.1 years), and 25 age-matched controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES 1.5 Tesla scanner. Saturation recovery sequence for MBFDCE vs. phase-contrast gradient-echo pulse sequence (free-breathing) for MBFCS . ASSESSMENT MBFDCE and MBFCS were determined at rest and during coronary dilatation achieved by administration of adenosine at 140 μg/kg/min. Myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) was calculated as the stress/rest ratio of MBF values. Coronary sinus flow was determined twice in the same imaging session for repeatability assessment. STATISTICAL TESTS Agreement between MBFDCE and MBFCS was assessed with Bland and Altman's technique. Repeatability was determined from single-rater random intraclass and repeatability coefficients. RESULTS Rest and stress flows, including both MBFDCE and MBFCS values, ranged from 33 to 146 mL/min/100 g and 92 to 501 mL/min/100 g, respectively. Intraclass and repeatability coefficients for MBFCS were 0.95 (CI 0.90; 0.95) and 5 mL/min/100 g. In Bland-Altman analysis, mean bias at rest was -1.1 mL/min/100 g (CI -3.1; 0.9) with limits of agreement of -27 and 24.8 mL/min/100 g. Mean bias at stress was 6.3 mL/min/100 g (CI -1.1; 14.1) with limits of agreement of -86.9 and 99.9. Mean bias of MPR was 0.11 (CI: -0.02; 0.23) with limits of agreement of -1.43 and 1.64. CONCLUSION MBF may be determined from coronary sinus blood flow, with acceptable bias, but relatively large limits of agreement, against the reference of MBFDCE . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
Macrophage autophagy contributes to immune liver injury in trichloroethylene sensitized mice: Critical role of TNF‐α mediating mTOR pathway

Trichloroethylene (TCE) induces occupational medicamentosa‐like dermatitis due to TCE (OMDT) with immune liver injury, and TNF‐α plays an important role in macrophage polarization and liver injury. However, TNF‐α regulating macrophage polarization in liver injury induced by TCE is still unknown. Thus, on the basis of our previous research, we established the TCE‐sensitized BALB/c mouse model with R7050, a specific inhibitor of TNFR1. Then, we observed significant decreases in autophagy related protein and gene levels in M1 macrophage in TCE positive group, and R7050 can relieve M1 macrophage autophagy. We also found the phosphorylated form of mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) was activated and the expression of p‐mTOR protein increased induce by TCE. In vitro, we found TNFR1 and CD11c were increased in RAW264.7 cell line with TNF‐α. And then we use Zafirlukast (Zaf), an TNFR1 antagonist, CD11c and TNFR1 reduced significantly, we also found p‐mTOR expression increased after TNF‐α treatment, but decreased in TNF‐α + Zaf group. Further, we used Rapamycin (RAP), a mTOR‐specific inhibitor, to establish a TCE‐sensitized mice model and found the expression levels of p62 and p‐mTOR proteins increased and LC3B decreased in the TCE positive group, while RAP treatment reversed the trends of all of these proteins. Rapamycin prevented the TNF‐α‐induced p‐mTOR increase and dramatically downregulated IL‐1β expression in the RAW264.7 cell line with TNF‐α treatment. The results uncover a novel role for TNF‐α/TNFR1, which promotes M1 polarization of macrophage and suppresses macrophage autophagy via the mTOR pathway.
The Expansion of Initial Point Algorithm for K-Modes Algorithm

The determination of the starting point in the k-modes algorithm is taken by random. Of course, such a thing can lead to an iteration of unpredictable numbers and accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop different algorithms that are used to determine the starting point with hierarchical agglomerative clustering approach instead of randomly selecting the starting point in the initial iteration. At the end of this research is expected clustering process can produce more efficient iteration. The result of determining the value generated in this algorithm is the incorporation of a number of cluster central points on the variables based on the calculation of the approach which has the average linkage algorithm. Followed by calculating the difference of objective function on each iteration, of course, finished clustering process on k-modes. Iteration will stop after the difference of objective function is smaller than the specified limit.
High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and calculations of the highest bound levels of D 2 + below the first dissociation threshold

Pulsed-field ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectra of D2 have been recorded from the intermediate H ¯ 1 Σ g + state to determine the positions of bound rovibronic levels of D 2 + located within 1400 cm−1 of the D+ + D(1s) dissociation threshold. The ion-pair character of the H ¯ intermediate state resulted in large changes Δ N = N + − N of the rotational quantum number upon photoionization, which enabled the observation of levels of D 2 + with rotational quantum number N + as high as 10. The experimental data cover a range of levels within which the usual hierarchy of timescales of the electronic, vibrational and rotational motions is inverted. The term values of these levels with respect to the X 1 Σ g + ( v = 0 , N = 0 ) rovibronic ground state of D2 and the energy intervals of the ionic states, measured with an accuracy of typically 0.11 cm−1 and 0.02 cm−1, respectively, are compared with positions calculated ab initio at various degrees of approximation, starting from the Born–Oppenheimer approximation and successively including adiabatic, nonadiabatic, relativistic and radiative corrections. The comparison shows that the accuracy of the photoelectron-spectroscopic measurement is sufficient to reveal the effects of the adiabatic, nonadiabatic, relativistic and radiative corrections on the absolute term values. Comparing our calculations, which rely on an approximate evaluation of the nonadiabatic corrections based on effective R-dependent reduced masses, with the theoretical results for N + ≤ 5 by Moss (1993 J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 3851) and for N + ≤ 8 by Wolniewicz and Orlikowski (1991 Mol. Phys. 74 103) enables the quantification of the errors introduced by our approximative treatment of the nonadiabatic corrections. Improved rotational term values of the H ¯ ( v = 12 ) level were also derived.
Management of sleep disorder by preceptors in a family medicine residency program in Calgary, Alberta: a mixed-methods study

Background: Most prescriptions for sedative–hypnotics are written by family physicians. Given the influence of preceptors on residents’ prescribing, this study explored how family physician preceptors manage sleeping problems. Methods: Family physician preceptors affiliated with a postgraduate training program in Alberta were invited to participate in this mixed-methods study, conducted from January to October 2021. It included a quantitative survey of preceptors’ attitudes to treatment options for sleep disorder, perceptions of patient expectations and self-efficacy beliefs. Participants indicated their responses on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree. ” Respondents were then asked whether they were interested in participating in a semistructured qualitative interview that elicited preceptors’ management of sleep disorder in response to a series of vignettes. We analyzed the quantitative data using descriptive statistics and the qualitative interviews using thematic analysis. Results: Of the 76 preceptors invited to participate, 47 (62%) completed the survey, and 10 were interviewed. Thirty-two survey respondents (68%) were in academic teaching clinics, and 15 (32%) were from community clinics. The majority of participants (34 [72%]) agreed they had sufficient expertise to use nondrug treatment. Most (43 [91%]) had made efforts to reduce prescribing, and 45 (96%) felt able to support patients empathically when not using sleeping medication. The qualitative data showed that management of sleeping disorder was emotionally challenging. Participants hesitated to prescribe sedatives and reported “exceptions” to prescribing, many of which included indications within guideline recommendations. Participants were reluctant to change a colleague’s management. Interpretation: Preceptors were confident using nonpharmacologic management to treat sleep disorder and hesitant to use sedative–hypnotics, presenting legitimate use of sedatives as exceptional behaviour. Acknowledging social norms and affective aspects involved in prescribing may support balanced prescribing of sedative–hypnotics for sleep disorder and reduce physician anxiety.
Unveiling the Hidden Burden: Mapping the Landscape of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Research. A Bibliometric Study and Visualization Analysis

Background Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) has become a major concern for patients and their families due to the rising number of ICU admissions. We conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify hotspots and trends in PICS research. Material/Methods We searched for PICS-related publications in the Web of Science Core Collection up to May 1, 2022. We used CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica to analyze collaboration among countries, institutions, and authors, and to identify research hotspots and frontiers. Results Our analysis included 294 research papers on PICS, with the United States leading the field with 146 published papers. Collaboration among institutions and authors was active mainly in the Americas, Europe, and Australia. Highly cited researchers were members of the Outcomes After Critical Illness and Surgery (OACIS) Group, with Ramona O Hopkins as the most published author. Research topics focused on septic shock, COVID-19, qualitative research, and rehabilitation, with publications primarily in critical care medicine journals. Keyword analysis revealed that the main research focus included stress disorders, quality of life, mechanical ventilation, acute lung injury, risk factors, and descriptive studies during hospitalization. Conclusions PICS research is limited, focusing primarily on short-term clinical effects and lacking long-term prognostic observations and multinational studies. Increased collaboration among countries and regions is necessary to advance research in this field. Hotspots in research focus on prognosis and an integrated approach to management.
Handling injectable medications in anaesthesia

Peri‐operative medication safety is complex. Avoidance of medication errors is both system‐ and practitioner‐based, and many departments within the hospital contribute to safe and effective systems. For the individual anaesthetist, drawing up, labelling and then the correct administration of medications are key components in a patient's peri‐operative journey. These guidelines aim to provide pragmatic safety steps for the practitioner and other individuals within the operative environment, as well as short‐ to long‐term goals for development of a collaborative approach to reducing errors. The aim is that they will be used as a basis for instilling good practice.
Spanish Adaptation of the Support for Economic Inequality Scale (S-SEIS).

BACKGROUND This study presents the adaptation and evidence of the validity of the Spanish version of the Support for Economic Inequality Scale (S-SEIS). This measure evaluates people’s tendency to have positive attitudes toward economic inequality. METHOD Two correlational studies were conducted, one exploratory ( N = 619) and one confirmatory ( N = 562). RESULTS S-SEIS showed good reliability in both studies. The factorial analysis showed a one-factor structure in Study 1 that was confirmed in Study 2. We also found a relationship between S-SEIS and other extensively used measures of attitudes toward inequality, such as intolerance toward inequality. S-SEIS positively correlates with belief in a just world, social dominance orientation (SDO), economic system justification (ESJ), institutional trust, and perceived democracy; it correlates negatively with intolerance toward inequality, perceived inequality, perceived warmth/competence of people in poverty and support for redistribution. CONCLUSIONS The current research findings suggest that S-SEIS is a valuable instrument for evaluating the support of economic inequality in Spanish samples.
Numerical analysis of a Stokes interface problem based on formulation using the characteristic function

Numerical analysis of a model Stokes interface problem with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition is considered. The interface condition is interpreted as an additional singular force field to the Stokes equations using the characteristic function. The finite element method is applied after introducing a regularization of the singular source term. Consequently, the error is divided into the regularization and discretization parts which are studied separately. As a result, error estimates of order h1/2 in H1 × L2 norm for the velocity and pressure, and of order h in L2 norm for the velocity are derived. Those theoretical results are also verified by numerical examples.
Fine-grained azimuthal direction of arrival estimation using received signal strengths

We propose a direction of arrival (DoA) estimation technique, which is enabled by a single printed patch antenna capable of four reconfigurable beams at the operative frequency of 2.45 GHz. The direction of the messages sent by a nomadic wireless node is estimated and stored without the need of lengthy offline measurements, by correlating the real-time received signal strength actual data and the expected antenna beams. The comparison is implemented with a least square technique with an extremely reduced computational cost. Experimental validations demonstrate the DoA estimation capability, with a mean error <2.3° with a variance of 1.9° within a domain of 90°.
Renal Coccidial Infection in North American Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus)

Abstract: We identified by light microscopy micro- and macrogametes and oocysts of renal coccidia in 78 of 220 (35.5%) Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus) from the western North Atlantic population. This infection was not considered clinically significant in any of the affected birds, although the potential effect of this parasite in breeding colonies, particularly among nestlings, is unknown. Analysis of the 18S rRNA gene from frozen renal tissue by PCR and subsequent sequencing revealed 95.6% identity with Eimeria auritusi from Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), suggesting a novel Eimeria sp. in the Northern Gannets.
Marine Air Penetration in California’s Central Valley: Meteorological Drivers and the Impact of Climate Change

AbstractThis study focuses on one of the most common coastal phenomena within California’s San Francisco Bay Delta and Central Valley—marine air penetration (MAP) events, which are a broad category of meteorological features that include the well-known “delta breeze. ” Summertime MAP episodes, identified by an inland cooling pattern and onshore wind, are selected in both observational and reanalysis datasets using a newly developed set of objective criteria. Correlations between MAP occurrence and synoptic-scale meteorological patterns are then examined to understand the drivers of MAP. Historical data are first used to determine whether any significant trends have been observed in the frequency and character of MAP events. Future trends in MAP are then predicted on the basis of an investigation of how synoptic-scale meteorological patterns will be modified in the twenty-first century under CMIP5 climatological projections. From the analysis of historical and future MAP frequency (under RCP8.5), a weak pos.
Tight Bounds for Online Edge Coloring

Vizing's celebrated theorem asserts that any graph of maximum degree Δ admits an edge coloring using at most Δ+1 colors. In contrast, Bar-Noy, Motwani and Naor showed over a quarter century ago that the trivial greedy algorithm, which uses 2Δ-1 colors, is optimal among online algorithms. Their lower bound has a caveat, however: it only applies to low-degree graphs, with Δ=O(log n), and they conjectured the existence of online algorithms using Δ(1+o(1)) colors for Δ=ω(log n). Progress towards resolving this conjecture was only made under stochastic arrivals (Aggarwal et al., FOCS'03 and Bahmani et al., SODA'10). We resolve the above conjecture for adversarial vertex arrivals in bipartite graphs, for which we present a (1+o(1))Δ-edge-coloring algorithm for Δ=ω(log n) known a priori. Surprisingly, if Δ is not known ahead of time, we show that no (e/e-1 - Ω(1)) Δ-edge-coloring algorithm exists. We then provide an optimal, (e/e-1+o(1)) Δ-edge-coloring algorithm for unknown Δ=ω(log n). To obtain our results, we study a nonstandard fractional relaxation for edge coloring, for which we present optimal fractional online algorithms and a near-lossless online rounding scheme, yielding our optimal randomized algorithms.
Risk of ischemic stroke in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Data regarding the risk of ischemic stroke within 1 year after the post-acute phase of COVID-19 remain scant. We assess the risk of ischemic stroke in COVID-19 survivors after SARS-CoV-2 infection by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched Medline and Scopus to locate all articles published up to February 11, 2023, reporting the risk of incident ischemic stroke in adult patients recovered from COVID-19 infection compared to non-infected patients (controls) defined as those who did not experience the infection over the same follow-up period. Ischemic stroke risk was evaluated using the Mantel–Haenszel random effects models with adjusted Hazard ratio (HR) as the effect measure with 95% confidence interval (CI) while heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins I2 statistic. Results: Overall, 23,559,428 patients (mean age 56, 1 year, 54.3% males), of whom 1,595,984 had COVID-19, were included. Over a mean follow-up of 9.2 months, ischemic stroke occurred in 4.40 [95% CI: 4.36–4.43] out of 1000 patients survived to COVID-19 compared to 3.25 [95% CI:3.21–3.29] out of 1000 controls. Recovered COVID-19 patients presented a higher risk of ischemic stroke ((HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.75–2.41, p < 0.0001, I2 = 63.7%) compared to people who did not have COVID-19. COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the time of the infection have a subsequent higher risk of stroke during the follow-up compared to those non-hospitalized. Conclusions: Recovered COVID-19 patients have a higher risk of ischemic stroke compared to subjects from the general population within 9 months from the index infection.
A long non-coding RNA essential for early embryonic development improves somatic cell nuclear transfer somatic cell nuclear transfer efficiency in goats

In brief Early embryonic development in goats is a complex and an important process. This study identified a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), lncRNA3720, that appears to affect early embryonic development in goats through histone variants. Abstract Although abundant lncRNAs have been found to be highly expressed in early embryos, the functions and mechanisms of most lncRNAs in regulating embryonic development remain unclear. This study was conducted to identify the key lncRNAs during embryonic genome activation (EGA) for promoting embryonic development after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in goats. We screened and characterized lncRNAs from transcriptome data of in vitro-fertilized, two-cell (IVF-2c) and eight-cell embryos (IVF-8c) and eight-cell SCNT embryos (SCNT-8c). We obtained 12 differentially expressed lncRNAs that were highly expressed in IVF-8c embryos compared to IVF-2c and less expressed in SCNT-8c embryos. After target gene prediction, expression verification, and functional deletion experiments, we found that the expression level of lncRNA3720 affected the early embryonic development in goats. We cloned full-length lncRNA3720 and over-expressed it in goat fetal fibroblasts (GFFs). We identified histone variants by analyzing the transcriptome data from both GFFs and embryos. Gene annotation of the gene library and the literature search revealed that histone variants may have important roles in early embryo development, so we selected them as the potential target genes for lncRNA3720. Lastly, we compensated for the low expression of lncRNA3720 in SCNT embryos by microinjection and showed that the development rate and quality of SCNT embryos were significantly improved. We speculate that lncRNA3720 is a key promoter of embryonic development in goats by interacting with histone variants.