Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health services: results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006.

BACKGROUND The specific health services provided to students at school and the model for delivering these services vary across districts and schools. This article describes the characteristics of school health services in the United States, including state- and district-level policies and school practices. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of school districts (n=449). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n=1029). RESULTS Most US schools provided basic health services to students, but relatively few provided prevention services or more specialized health services. Although state- and district-level policies requiring school nurses or specifying maximum nurse-to-student ratios were relatively rare, 86.3% of schools had at least a part-time school nurse, and 52.4% of these schools, or 45.1% of all schools, had a nurse-to-student ratio of at least 1:750. CONCLUSIONS SHPPS 2006 suggests that the breadth of school health services can and should be improved, but school districts need policy, legislative, and fiscal support to make this happen. Increasing the percentage of schools with sufficient school nurses is a critical step toward enabling schools to provide more services, but schools also need to enhance collaboration and linkages with community resources if schools are to be able to meet both the health and academic needs of students.
Night-time measurements of HO x during the RONOCO project and analysis of the sources of HO 2

Abstract. Measurements of the radical species OH and HO2 were made using the fluorescence assay by gas expansion (FAGE) technique during a series of night-time and daytime flights over the UK in summer 2010 and winter 2011. OH was not detected above the instrument's 1σ limit of detection during any of the night-time flights or during the winter daytime flights, placing upper limits on [OH] of 1.8 × 106 molecule cm−3 and 6.4 × 105 molecule cm−3 for the summer and winter flights, respectively. HO2 reached a maximum concentration of 3.2 × 108 molecule cm−3 (13.6 pptv) during a night-time flight on 20 July 2010, when the highest concentrations of NO3 and O3 were also recorded. An analysis of the rates of reaction of OH, O3, and the NO3 radical with measured alkenes indicates that the summer night-time troposphere can be as important for the processing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as the winter daytime troposphere. An analysis of the instantaneous rate of production of HO2 from the reactions of O3 and NO3 with alkenes has shown that, on average, reactions of NO3 dominated the night-time production of HO2 during summer and reactions of O3 dominated the night-time HO2 production during winter.
Living Life Optimally with a Mean-Reverting Price of Risk

We explore the optimal dynamic asset allocation problem in an incomplete market. The economy has infrequent jumps and the investment opportunities are stochastic and predictable. An investor, consuming over time and with a bequest motive, attempts to maximise his/her lifetime utility in this environment. This study has confirmed that jumps, regardless of their directions reduce the demand for the risky asset. In addition, intertemporal hedging demand increases as the horizon increases but not to the same extent as an investor with no consumption.
State building: theory and practice

1. State-Building and International Politics: The Emergence of a 'New' Problem and Agenda 2. Colonialism Redux? Territorial Administration by International Organizations, Colonial Echoes, and the Legitimacy of the 'International' 3. Reconstructing Sovereignty, Deconstructing State-Building: The Question of Context 4. The State-Building Dilemma: Good Governance or Democratic Government? 5. Witnessing the Demise of the Developing State: Problems for Humanitarian Advocacy 6. Who Guards the Guardians? International Accountability in Bosnia 7. UNMIK - Facilitating Kosovo's Final Status or its Future Status? : Reconceptualising the Problem, Changing the Solution 8. Building State Failure in East Timor 9. In Praise of Folly: International Administration and the Moral Breakdown of International Society 10. Conclusion: From Intervention to Administration
Interplay between transmission delay, average data rate, and performance in output feedback control over digital communication channels

The performance of a noisy linear time-invariant (LTI) plant, controlled over a noiseless digital channel with transmission delay, is investigated in this paper. The rate-limited channel connects the single measurement output of the plant to its single control input through a causal, but otherwise arbitrary, coder-controller pair. An information-theoretic approach is utilized to analyze the minimal average data rate required to attain the quadratic performance when the channel imposes a known constant delay on the transmitted data. This infimum average data rate is shown to be lower bounded by minimizing the directed information rate across a set of LTI filters and an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. It is demonstrated that the presence of time delay in the channel increases the data rate needed to achieve a certain level of performance. The applicability of the results is verified through a numerical example.
Ethical and Clinical Aspects of Intensive Care Unit Admission in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Guidelines of the Ethics Commission of the French Society of Hematology

Admission of patients with hematological malignancies to intensive care unit (ICU) raises recurrent ethical issues for both hematological and intensivist teams. The decision of transfer to ICU has major consequences for end of life care for patients and their relatives. It also impacts organizational human and economic aspects for the ICU and global health policy. In light of the recent advances in hematology and critical care medicine, a wide multidisciplinary debate has been conducted resulting in guidelines approved by consensus by both disciplines. The main aspects developed were (i) clarification of the clinical situations that could lead to a transfer to ICU taking into account the severity criteria of both hematological malignancy and clinical distress, (ii) understanding the process of decision-making in a context of regular interdisciplinary concertation involving the patient and his relatives, (iii) organization of a collegial concertation at the time of the initial decision of transfer to ICU and throughout and beyond the stay in ICU. The aim of this work is to propose suggestions to strengthen the collaboration between the different teams involved, to facilitate the daily decision-making process, and to allow improvement of clinical practice.
Bandwidth Improvement Using Slotted Triangular MPA

In this paper a new geometry of Slotted Triangular MPA (Micro strip Patch Antenna) is proposed with improved Bandwidth from 2.69% to 10.27% at the range of 4.9GHz to 5.4GHz which can be used for WLAN applications. The designs equations with polynomial fitting are also obtained.
The Transfer of Anaphors in Translation

This paper adopts Government-Binding (GB) Theory and some Chinese-specific conditions to explain the various uses of anaphors such as the reflexive, pronoun, PROi trace, pro and variable in Mandarin Chinese. The transfer of each anaphor is specified for Chinese-English and EnglishChinese machine translation systems. We identify the situations in which the coreferential relationship between an anaphor and its antecedent is useful for transfer. Chinese reflexive is translated according to its function and its antecedent. In some situations, the interpretation of pronouns in English is ambiguous at sentence level, but its Chinese counterpart has only one reading. One-to-many interpretation in Chinese-English translation may be disambiguated by the readers. However, many-to-one interpretation in English-Chinese translation cannot be treated without pronoun resolution. PRO has direct translation between English and Chinese. For translating topic-comment structures and ba-constructions, the moved constituent is taken back from its landing site to its empty site (trace), and then the structural transfer is done. For relative clauses and beiconstructions, the position occupied by trace in English is still left empty in Chinese. Because variable does not appear in English, the other English anaphors are used during the transfer of Chinese pro and variable. The translation of them should involve the discourse knowledge.
Psicobiología de Mindfulness

En el presente artículo revisamos aspectos conceptuales de mindfulness, así como la Psicobiología de la meditación basada en mindfulness. En concreto, abordamos las redes neurales de la atención involucradas en mindfulness y los efectos de esta práctica sobre las sustancias gris y blanca cerebrales, los sistemas endocrino e inmune, la red neural por defecto, el envejecimiento, el procesamiento emocional y el procesamiento cognitivo.
A methodological framework for viewpoint-oriented conceptual modeling

To solve any nontrivial problem, it first needs to be conceptualized, taking into account the individual who has the problem. However, a problem is generally associated with more than one individual, as is usually the case in software development. Therefore, this process has to take into account different viewpoints about the problem and any discrepancies that could arise as a result. Traditionally, conceptualization in software engineering has omitted the different viewpoints that the individuals may have of the problem and has inherently enforced consistency in the event of any discrepancies, which are considered as something to be systematically rejected. The paper presents a methodological framework that explicitly drives the conceptualization of different viewpoints and manages the different types of discrepancies that arise between them, which become really important in the process. The definition of this framework is generic, and it is therefore independent of any particular software development paradigm. Its application to software engineering means that viewpoints and their possible discrepancies can be considered in the software process conceptual modeling phase. This application is illustrated by means of what is considered to be a standard problem: the IFIP case.
On the Decentralized H-infinity PID Controller Synthesis in Finite Frequency Domain

This work extends the current results of SISO (single-input-single-output) case H-infinity PID Controller synthesis in finite frequency domain to the subject of multivariable decentralized control. Sufficient conditions for the existence of such a decentralized PID controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is given that establishes the efficacy of the proposed design. Keywords—H-infinity, decentralized control, GKYP, PID
Spatial patterns of cutaneous vibration during whole-hand haptic interactions

Significance In animals and machines, our understanding of tactile function has hitherto been based primarily on information collected at, or near to, the region of contact of a tactile probe with an object. Using the human hand as a case in point, we show that during natural interactions with ordinary objects, mechanical energy originating at finger contact propagates through the whole hand, and that vibration signals that are captured remotely contain sufficient information to discriminate between gestures and between the touched objects. Our results shed light on possible tactile processes in humans and animals and may yield advances in tactile sensing for robotic manipulation or lead to novel paradigms for wearable computing. We investigated the propagation patterns of cutaneous vibration in the hand during interactions with touched objects. Prior research has highlighted the importance of vibrotactile signals during haptic interactions, but little is known of how vibrations propagate throughout the hand. Furthermore, the extent to which the patterns of vibrations reflect the nature of the objects that are touched, and how they are touched, is unknown. Using an apparatus comprised of an array of accelerometers, we mapped and analyzed spatial distributions of vibrations propagating in the skin of the dorsal region of the hand during active touch, grasping, and manipulation tasks. We found these spatial patterns of vibration to vary systematically with touch interactions and determined that it is possible to use these data to decode the modes of interaction with touched objects. The observed vibration patterns evolved rapidly in time, peaking in intensity within a few milliseconds, fading within 20–30 ms, and yielding interaction-dependent distributions of energy in frequency bands that span the range of vibrotactile sensitivity. These results are consistent with findings in perception research that indicate that vibrotactile information distributed throughout the hand can transmit information regarding explored and manipulated objects. The results may further clarify the role of distributed sensory resources in the perceptual recovery of object attributes during active touch, may guide the development of approaches to robotic sensing, and could have implications for the rehabilitation of the upper extremity.
Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of Damage Identification Results Obtained Using Finite Element Model Updating

Abstract: A full‐scale seven‐story reinforced concrete shear wall building structure was tested on the UCSD‐NEES shake table in the period October 2005–January 2006. The shake table tests were designed so as to damage the building progressively through several historical seismic motions reproduced on the shake table. A sensitivity‐based finite element (FE) model updating method was used to identify damage in the building. The estimation uncertainty in the damage identification results was observed to be significant, which motivated the authors to perform, through numerical simulation, an uncertainty analysis on a set of damage identification results. This study investigates systematically the performance of FE model updating for damage identification. The damaged structure is simulated numerically through a change in stiffness in selected regions of a FE model of the shear wall test structure. The uncertainty of the identified damage (location and extent) due to variability of five input factors is quantified through analysis‐of‐variance (ANOVA) and meta‐modeling. These five input factors are: (1–3) level of uncertainty in the (identified) modal parameters of each of the first three longitudinal modes, (4) spatial density of measurements (number of sensors), and (5) mesh size in the FE model used in the FE model updating procedure (a type of modeling error). A full factorial design of experiments is considered for these five input factors. In addition to ANOVA and meta‐modeling, this study investigates the one‐at‐a‐time sensitivity analysis of the identified damage to the level of uncertainty in the identified modal parameters of the first three longitudinal modes. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the level of confidence in the damage identification results obtained through FE model updating, is a function of not only the level of uncertainty in the identified modal parameters, but also choices made in the design of experiments (e.g., spatial density of measurements) and modeling errors (e.g., mesh size). Therefore, the experiments can be designed so that the more influential input factors (to the total uncertainty/variability of the damage identification results) are set at optimum levels so as to yield more accurate damage identification results.
A low-power all-digital phase modulator pair for LINC transmitters

This paper presents a low-power all-digital phase modulator (PM) pair to generate constant-envelope signals for LINC transmitters. To reduce the power overhead, an open-loop delay line based phase shifter with a continuous locking scheme is adopted for the PM design. This design is implemented by 90 nm CMOS technology with active area of 0.1892 mm2. The PM provides 8-bit resolution with RMS error 0.33° at IF frequency 80 MHz, and the power consumption is only 885 uW with 1.0 V supply voltage. Considering a 64-QAM OFDM system, the EVM of −31.87 dB can be achieved by using the proposed PM pair.
Partitioning 3-Colored Complete Graphs into Three Monochromatic Cycles

We show in this paper that in every $3$-coloring of the edges of $K^n$ all but $o(n)$ of its vertices can be partitioned into three monochromatic cycles. From this, using our earlier results, actually it follows that we can partition all the vertices into at most 17 monochromatic cycles, improving the best known bounds. If the colors of the three monochromatic cycles must be different then one can cover $({3\over 4}-o(1))n$ vertices and this is close to best possible.
The polar and lateral flagella from Plesiomonas shigelloides are glycosylated with legionaminic acid

Plesiomonas shigelloides is the unique member of the Enterobacteriaceae family able to produce polar flagella when grow in liquid medium and lateral flagella when grown in solid or semisolid media. In this study on P. shigelloides 302-73 strain, we found two different gene clusters, one exclusively for the lateral flagella biosynthesis and the other one containing the biosynthetic polar flagella genes with additional putative glycosylation genes. P. shigelloides is the first Enterobacteriaceae were a complete lateral flagella cluster leading to a lateral flagella production is described. We also show that both flagella in P. shigelloides 302-73 strain are glycosylated by a derivative of legionaminic acid (Leg), which explains the presence of Leg pathway genes between the two polar flagella regions in their biosynthetic gene cluster. It is the first bacterium reported with O-glycosylated Leg in both polar and lateral flagella. The flagella O-glycosylation is essential for bacterial flagella formation, either polar or lateral, because gene mutants on the biosynthesis of Leg are non-flagellated. Furthermore, the presence of the lateral flagella cluster and Leg O-flagella glycosylation genes are widely spread features among the P. shigelloides strains tested.
Sequential fuzzy system identification

The problem of deriving the structure of a non-deterministic system from its behavior is a difficult one even when that behavior is itself well-defined. When the behavior can be described only in fuzzy terms structural inference may appear virtually impossible. However, a rigorous formulation and solution of the problem for stochastic automata has recently been given [1] and, in this paper, the results are extended to fuzzy stochastic automata and grammars. The results obtained are of interest on a number of counts, (1) They are a further step towards an integrated 'theory of uncertainty'; (2) They give new insights into problems of inductive reasoning and processes of 'precisiation'; (3) They are algorithmic and have been embodied in a computer program that can be applied to the modelling of sequential fuzzy data.
On the Lyapunov stability of quasistatic planar biped robots

We investigate the local motion of a planar rigid body with unilateral constraints in the neighborhood of a two-contact frictional equilibrium configuration on a slope. A new sufficient condition of Lyapunov stability is developed in the presence of arbitrary external forces. Additionally, we construct an example, which is stable against perturbations by infinitesimal forces, but does not possess Lyapunov stability against infinitesimal displacements or impulses. The great difference between previous stability criteria and ours leads to further questions about the nature of the exact stability condition.
Extended Discounting Scheme for Evidential Reasoning as Applied to MS Lesion Detection

This paper extends a conventional discounting scheme commonly used with the Dempster-Shafer evidential reasoning to deal with conflict. The extended discounting scheme is able to augment, discount, and oppose existing evidence structures when discounting factors take values in different ranges. To show its effectiveness, the scheme is employed for detecting multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions based on multi-modality MR images. The approach is fully automated and unsupervised. Experimental results have demonstrated that in addition to the superior segmentation accuracies of brain tissues, good MS detection performances have been obtained (MS detection accuracy 90.28%, similarity index84.19%, and sensitivity78.68% on average).
Supporting Math Trails on Property Graphs

pg-MathTrails is an application developed to assess math skills of school students. It includes i) topic hierarchy to categorize the questions, ii) question template repository using which teachers can add different types of questions, iii) question play module to play questions, iv) student evaluation module to evaluate student performance, and v) recommender that recommends videos residing in a video repository. A key feature is that each interactive student session is treated as a walking trail in the property graph formed by topic and question nodes, and student evaluation involves operations on the property graph. The application is being used in the after-school program of Sri Sarada Academy of Excellence, Bangalore.
Evaluating SPARQL using query federation and link traversal

In recent years the web has advanced from a linked web of documents to also support structured and semantic web data. An increasing number of data providers are publishing their data on the web according to Linked Data principles. With this growth, consuming and manipulating multiple data sources are required in order to exploit the web of Linked Data. The goal of this paper is to provide a benchmark and a comparative study between two query approaches that can be used to manipulate Linked Data over the web. The comparison considers the state of the art approaches for query processing across Linked Data sources.
On-line learning in recurrent neural networks using nonlinear Kalman filters

The extended Kalman filter has been successfully applied to the feedforward and the recurrent neural network training. Recently introduced derivative-free filters (unscented Kalman filter and divided difference filter) outperform the extended Kalman filter in nonlinear state estimation. In the parameter estimation of the feedforward neural networks UKF and DDF are comparable or slightly better than EKF, with a significant advantage that they do not demand calculation of the neural network Jacobian. In this paper, we consider the application of EKF, UKF and DDF to the recurrent neural network training. The class of non-linear autoregressive recurrent neural networks with exogenous inputs is chosen as a basic architecture due to its powerful representational capabilities.
Grocery hunter: a fun mobile game for children to combat obesity

This paper presents a handheld mobile game, Grocery Hunter that encourages children to take on healthy eating habits. Children can use a pocket PC to play the Grocery Hunter game to learn about food nutrition and healthy food choices. Childhood obesity in the United States has already reached epidemic proportions. The best way to help children attain and maintain healthy weight is through physical activity and nutritious eating. Our design addresses nutrition directly by teaching children healthy eating habits using an interactive game in the grocery store.