Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The International C2 Journal the Editorial Staff for More Information Effects of Individual and Team Characteristics on the Performance of Small Networked Teams

About the Journal The International C2 Journal was created in 2006 at the urging of an international group of command and control professionals including individuals from academia, industry, government, and the military. The Command and Control Research Program (CCRP, of the U.S. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration, or OASD-NII) responded to this need by bringing together interested professionals to shape the purpose and guide the execution of such a journal. Today, the Journal is overseen by an Editorial Board comprising representatives from many nations. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Defense, or any other U.S. Government agency. Rights and Permissions: All articles published in the International C2 Journal remain the intellectual property of the authors and may not be distributed or sold without the express written consent of the authors. Abstract Command and Control in the twenty-first century is characterized by transformation from hierarchical industrial age C2 to net-worked information age C2 concepts. While a requisite information infrastructure is widely recognized as an enabler of networked C2, the contribution of humans to C2 performance is still underestimated. The authors argue that knowledge of how and to what degree characteristics of individuals and teams affect networked C2 and collective action, both in teams and between coalition forces, is indispensable for an efficient implementation of information age C2 concepts. This paper presents results of an empirical study aimed at uncovering the effects of selected individual and team characteristics on collaboration in and effectiveness of small networked teams by means of standard psychological tests and simulation experiments. The study involved 130 teams, of four cadets and junior military officers of the German Bundeswehr each, tasked to locate and designate targets distributed over a simplified terrain grid in a simulated operation. The results show whether and to what degree personality structures, both on the individual and team level, affect team collaboration measured in terms of shared situational awareness and task performance. Also, the findings support the value chain underlying the concept of Network-Enabled Capability (NEC).
A study on dual-PWM VVVF control system based on SVPWM

Because of the shortcomings of traditional AC - DC - AC frequency-conversion circuit electrical systems, this thesis tries to design a dual PWM speed control by variable voltage frequency variation (VVVF) control system based on voltage space vector (SVPWM). It can achieve two-way flow of energy, and improve the AC-side current waveform, the system power factor, and dynamic performance of the speed control system. The PWM modulation wave generated by space voltage vector synthesized by the using of multiple vectors, effectively solves the irregularity of the torque ripple and the unstable frequency system switching in low speed. In addition, simulation of the improved system has been conducted and the result proves the correctness and effectiveness of the analysis.
Fast Generation and Surface Structuring Methods for Terrain and Other Natural Phenomena

Fractal geometry has proven to be a powerful tool for modeling natural phenomena. Using discrete approximations to fractional Brownian motion over a finite grid plane, computer graphics terrain‐rendering algorithms are able to generate highly realistic topographical displays. Similar procedures can be applied to model other natural phenomena, such as clouds and water. Two important considerations in these algorithms are computational efficiency and the ability to control macroscopic surface features. Here we introduce a technique for structuring surface features so as to conform to a specified “elevation” envelope. We also present methods for implementing this technique using a recursive random midpoint‐displacement procedure.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesAdaptive Load Balancing Algorithm over Heterogeneous Workstations

Distributed computing environment consists of a collection of autonomous workstations connected by the LAN. Due to random arrival of tasks and their random CPU service time requirements, there is good possibility that several workstations are heavily loaded, while others are idle or lightly loaded. Many load sharing/balancing algorithms mainly target sharing CPU resources, and have been intensively evaluated in a homogeneous environment. The main purpose of our algorithm is to improve the overall response time of the distributed system with minimum network traffic over heterogeneous workstations. This algorithm tries to keep the load difference between any two nodes within specified thresholds, and shares CPU, Memory and IO (thus named IOCM\_LB) resources with the best effort. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation demonstrate that compared with existing approaches, proposed algorithm can reduce the mean slow down and network traffic.
Maximal entanglement versus entropy for mixed quantum states

Maximally entangled mixed states are those states that, for a given mixedness, achieve the greatest possible entanglement. For two-qubit systems and for various combinations of entanglement and mixedness measures, the form of the corresponding maximally entangled mixed states is determined primarily analytically. As measures of entanglement, we consider entanglement of formation, relative entropy of entanglement, and negativity; as measures of mixedness, we consider linear and von Neumann entropies. We show that the forms of the maximally entangled mixed states can vary with the combination of (entanglement and mixedness) measures chosen. Moreover, for certain combinations, the forms of the maximally entangled mixed states can change discontinuously at a specific value of the entropy. Along the way, we determine the states that, for a given value of entropy, achieve maximal violation of Bell's inequality.
Study on bistatic (multi) radar system using navigation satellites

The operational principle of passive detection radar based on outer radiation source is introduced. Based on the in-depth research study on operational principle of non-cooperation bistatic(multi) radar and the requirement for air target detection especially stealth target detection, a space-ground bistatic(multi) radar system based on navigation satellite signal is presented. The paper has analyzed the feasibility of target detection using navigation satellite signal and the problems for system function realization. The system operational principle and detection performance has also been studied.
Fitness Landscapes and Evolvability

In this paper, we develop techniques based on evolvability statistics of the fitness land-scape surrounding sampled solutions. Averaging the measures over a sample of equal fitness solutions allows us to build up fitness evolvability portraits of the fitness land-scape, which we show can be used to compare both the ruggedness and neutrality in a set of tunably rugged and tunably neutral landscapes. We further show that the tech-niques can be used with solution samples collected through both random sampling of the landscapes and online sampling during optimization. Finally, we apply the techniques to two real evolutionary electronics search spaces and highlight differences between the two search spaces, comparing with the time taken to find good solutions through search.
FeatureIDE: A tool framework for feature-oriented software development

Tools support is crucial for the acceptance of a new programming language. However, providing such tool support is a huge investment that can usually not be provided for a research language. With FeatureIDE, we have built an IDE for AHEAD that integrates all phases of feature-oriented software development. To reuse this investment for other tools and languages, we refactored FeatureIDE into an open source framework that encapsulates the common ideas of feature-oriented software development and that can be reused and extended beyond AHEAD. Among others, we implemented extensions for FeatureC++ and FeatureHouse, but in general, FeatureIDE is open for everybody to showcase new research results and make them usable to a wide audience of students, researchers, and practitioners.
Reversal of Apixaban Induced Alterations in Hemostasis by Different Coagulation Factor Concentrates: Significance of Studies In Vitro with Circulating Human Blood

Apixaban is a new oral anticoagulant with a specific inhibitory action on FXa. No information is available on the reversal of the antihemostatic action of apixaban in experimental or clinical settings. We have evaluated the effectiveness of different factor concentrates at reversing modifications of hemostatic mechanisms induced by moderately elevated concentrations of apixaban (200 ng/ml) added in vitro to blood from healthy donors (n = 10). Effects on thrombin generation (TG) and thromboelastometry (TEM) parameters were assessed. Modifications in platelet adhesive, aggregating and procoagulant activities were evaluated in studies with blood circulating through damaged vascular surfaces, at a shear rate of 600 s−1. The potential of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs; 50 IU/kg), activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs; 75 IU/kg), or activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa; 270 μg/kg), at reversing the antihemostatic actions of apixaban, were investigated. Apixaban interfered with TG kinetics. Delayed lag phase, prolonged time to peak and reduced peak values, were improved by the different concentrates, though modifications in TG patterns were diversely affected depending on the activating reagents. Apixaban significantly prolonged clotting times (CTs) in TEM studies. Prolongations in CTs were corrected by the different concentrates with variable efficacies (rFVIIa≥aPCC>PCC). Apixaban significantly reduced fibrin and platelet interactions with damaged vascular surfaces in perfusion studies (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Impairments in fibrin formation were normalized by the different concentrates. Only rFVIIa significantly restored levels of platelet deposition. Alterations in hemostasis induced by apixaban were variably compensated by the different factor concentrates investigated. However, effects of these concentrates were not homogeneous in all the tests, with PCCs showing more efficacy in TG, and rFVIIa being more effective on TEM and perfusion studies. Our results indicate that rFVIIa, PCCs and aPCCs have the potential to restore platelet and fibrin components of the hemostasis previously altered by apixaban.
The Association between Choroidal Thickness Variations and Response to Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Purpose To analyze differences in the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) between bevacizumab responders (BevRs) and nonresponders (BevNRs) in patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods The medical records of 30 unilateral chronic CSC patients who were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) as a first line treatment were reviewed. Patients were categorized as BevNRs when CSC did not completely resolve after a minimum of 3 IVB treatments. Enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography was used and SFChT was measured before and after treatment. Choroidal hyperpermeability was also evaluated using indocyanine angiography. Results Twenty and 10 eyes were classified as BevRs or BevNRs, respectively. The mean number of IVB treatments was 2.22 ± 0.89 in BevRs, and 4.80 ± 1.03 in BevNRs. Compared with BevNRs, BevRs demonstrated significantly greater pretreatment SFChT (441.25 ± 88.09 vs. 364.10 ± 61.97 µm); SFChT reduction following IVB was significantly greater in BevRs than BevNRs. SFChT in the unaffected eyes was also greater in BevRs than BevNRs. Choroidal hyperpermeability was detected less frequently in BevNRs (hypofluorescence on late-phase, 0.0% and 33.3% in BevNRs and BevRs, respectively; p= 0.049). Conclusions Compared with CSC eyes that did not respond well to IVB, BevRs demonstrated significantly thicker SFChT at baseline, greater reduction in SFChT after IVB treatment, and hyperfluorescence on late-phase indocyanine green angiography. We recommend IVB injection as the first-line therapy for CSC eyes with relatively high SFChT and hyperfluorescence on late-phase indocyanine green angiography.
Paper D10‐2009 Ranking Predictors in Logistic Regression

There is little consensus on how best to rank predictors in logistic regression. This paper describes and illustrates six possible methods for ranking predictors: 1) standardized coefficients, 2) p‐values of Wald chi‐square statistics, 3) a pseudo partial correlation metric for logistic regression, 4) adequacy, 5) c‐ statistics, and 6) information values. The methods are illustrated with examples using SAS PROC LOGISTIC and GENMOD. The interpretation of each ranking method is outlined, and upsides and downsides of each method are described.
Gender and Ethnic Differences in Science Achievement of Nine-, Thirteen-, and Seventeen-Year-Old Students.

Although minority students have experienced substantial increases in science performance on standardized tests, there is still a large disparity between minority and majority students on science achievement tests for males and females. This study examined science achievement for similarities and differences by gender and race/ethnicity. Using the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) science proficiency data for 1990, the study focused on average proficiency scores in four science content areas of nationally representative samples of 9-, 13-, and 17-year-old African-American, Hispanic, and White students. The early male advantage in physical science and in earth and space sciences became more substantial with age. Females were favored in the science of nature across all age groups. White students outperformed Hispanic Americans across content area and age group, but the largest gap in mean proficiency scores was between White and African American s'udents, at nearly 55 points at age 17. A more in-depth look at the factors that cause these differences needs to be undertaken. An appendix presents three tables of study findings. (Contains 8 references.) (SLD) *******. ************************************************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Automatic Extraction of Idioms using Graph Analysis and Asymmetric Lexicosyntactic Patterns

This paper describes a technique for extracting idioms from text. The technique works by finding patterns such as "thrills and spills", whose reversals (such as "spills and thrills") are never encountered. This method collects not only idioms, but also many phrases that exhibit a strong tendency to occur in one particular order, due apparently to underlying semantic issues. These include hierarchical relationships, gender differences, temporal ordering, and prototype-variant effects.
Mapping the 12-item multiple sclerosis walking scale to the EuroQol 5-dimension index measure in North American multiple sclerosis patients

Objective To map the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) onto the EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D) health-utility index in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients participating in the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry. Design Cross-sectional MSWS-12 to EQ-5D cross-walking analysis. Setting NARCOMS registry spring 2010 biannual update and supplemental survey. Participants North American patients completing both the MSWS-12 and the EQ-5D randomly split into derivation and validation cohorts. Outcome measures Ordinary least squares regression was performed within the derivation cohort, with participants’ EQ-5D as the dependent variable. Results of the MSWS-12 were input as independent variable(s) into six regression models. Model goodness-of-fit was subsequently assessed in the validation cohort using the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and the adjusted R2. The best performing model was refined in the entire cohort and utilised for additional analyses. Results A total of 3505 NARCOMS participants were included. Their mean±SD EQ-5D and MSWS-12 scores were 0.74±0.18 and 50.8±33.5, respectively, and these assessments were found to be moderately correlated (r=–0.553, p<0.001). The model using all individual MSWS-12 item scores as independent variables was found to have the best fit (MAE=0.109±0.096, RMSE=0.145, adjusted R2=0.329). The percentage of EQ-5D estimates within 0.05 and 0.10 of the actual value were 30% and 61%, respectively. This mapping equation was more precise in patients with moderate mobility impairment (MAE=0.087±0.061 at patient-determined disease step (PDDS) of 3–6) and less precise in patients with no (MAE=0.141±0.128 at PDDS of 0–2) or severe mobility impairment (MAE=0.121±0.049 at PDDS ≥7). Conclusions The EQ-5D scores can be predicted using the MSWS-12 item scores with reasonable precision in North American patients with MS. Prediction estimates were more precise in patients with moderate mobility impairment.
Pathophysiology of Peritoneal Membrane Failure

Correspondence to: R.T. Krediet, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Various mathematical models have been used for the assessment of the peritoneum as a dialysis membrane, for example, membrane models and distributed models. These have been discussed by Lysaght and Farrel (1) and by Waniewski (2). The present review is based on the three-pore model (3–5). The peritoneal membrane, as used for peritoneal dialysis (PD), can be divided into three parts for the purpose of simplicity. These are the mesothelium, the interstitial tissue, and the microvessels present in the interstitial tissue. It is unlikely that the mesothelium is an important barrier to solute transport because no osmotic pressure gradient across it was found during PD in rats (6). The barrier function of interstitial tissue is not very well known. Using in vivo microscopy of the rat mesentery, a size-selective restriction in the transport of macromolecules was detected and has been reported (7). More recent studies comparing the transport properties of liver peritoneum (almost no interstitial tissue) with that of parietal peritoneum were unable to show differences (8,9). The capillary wall is probably the most important structure. Solute transport across it is generally considered to occur through a system of pores (10,11). This process occurs mainly through a large number of small pores (radius 40 – 50 A), probably represented by paracellular clefts in the endothelium, together with a very low number of large pores (radius approximately 250 A), allowing transport of macromolecules from blood to peritoneum. In addition, an abundance of water-conductive “ultrasmall pores” (radius approximately 3 – 5 A) in the plasmalemma has been assumed, allowing water transport but rejecting the transfer of solutes (3–5). It has been made plausible that aquaporins, and especially aquaporin–1, are the proteins constituting these transendothelial water channels (12–14). For high glucose concentrations (3.86%/4.25%) in dialysis fluid, the three-pore model predicted approximately one half of transperitoneal ultrafiltration (UF) would occur through aquaporins, with the other half through small pores.
Insulin sensitivity and secretion are related to catch-up growth in small-for-gestational-age infants at age 1 year: results from a prospective cohort.

Strong associations between low birth weight and insulin resistance have been described. However, most of these studies have been retrospective. We aimed to determine whether infants born small for gestational age (SGA: birth weight <5th percentile for gestational age) have decreased insulin sensitivity, compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA: birth weight >10th percentile) at 1 yr of age. We studied blood lipids, fasting insulin levels, other markers of insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion during an iv glucose tolerance test in a cohort of 85 SGA and 23 AGA 1-yr-old infants. In addition, SGA infants were stratified according to catch-up growth (CUG) in weight (WCUG) or length (LCUG) during the first year of life. At 1 yr, SGA infants had a clear tendency to higher triglycerides. Fasting insulin was significantly higher in SGA infants with WCUG, compared with those who did not catch up and AGA infants (mean +/- SEM, 32.6 +/- 4.6 vs. 14.9 +/- 2.3 vs. 21.4 +/- 3.3 pM, respectively; P < 0.05). Length increment (in SD score) was the principal determinant of postload insulin secretion (R(2) = 0.1, P < 0.01). We conclude that insulin secretion and sensitivity are closely linked to patterns of rapid WCUG and LCUG during early postnatal life. Fasting insulin sensitivity is more related to WCUG and current body mass index, whereas insulin secretion seems to be directly related to LCUG.
A preliminary acclimatization study of a contactless biometrics using palm vein feature

This paper presents an acclimatization and habituation test to evaluate the usability of a contactless hand biometric system from the user's perspective. As contactless hand-based biometrics is a relatively new technology, it is important to investigate the difficulty level, and the period it takes for the user to get accustomed to the appropriate mode of interacting with the sensor. Understanding how the users get habituated with the device is the key to the success of the biometric system in real-world application. In this research, palm vein biometrics is adopted as the domain of investigation. This modality is selected due to its promising accuracy rate. We propose a novel image quality assessment scheme to evaluate the quality of the input images. Sometimes, the vein images may not appear clear due to the medical condition of the skin (like thick fatty tissue obstructing the subcutaneous blood vessels), thus, it is not appropriate to accept the poor quality images into our system. This quality checking component is placed in both the enrollment and verification phases to scrutinize the image before taking it for further process. The performance of our system can be largely improved by eliminating many poor quality images.
BLACK HOLE ENTROPY IN HIGHER CURVATURE GRAVITY

We discuss some recent results on black hole thermodynamics within the context of effective gravitational actions including higher-curvature interactions. Wald's derivation of the First Law demonstrates that black hole entropy can always be expressed as a local geometric density integrated over a space-like cross-section of the horizon. In certain cases, it can also be shown that these entropy expressions satisfy a Second Law. One such simple example is considered from the class of higher curvature theories where the Lagrangian consists of a polynomial in the Ricci scalar.