Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Criminology Updated

Developmental criminology quantifies dynamic concepts for capturing important ingredients of change and stability. It distinguishes between continuity and stability and thereby recognizes that manifestations of deviancy in the course of individuals' lives may change, while the underlying propensity for deviancy may remain stable. It considers the course of offending in other developmental contexts, such as life transitions and developmental covariates, which may mediate the developmental course of offending. It aims at generating new knowledge about the etiology and precursors of offending, which may be relevant for much-needed improvements in future prevention and intervention programs. Activation, aggravation, and desistance are the three primary developmental processes of offending. Developmental criminology poses new questions and therefore encourages innovation in analytic methods that may help to describe and explain longitudinal changes in individuals' offending. These processes do not occur merely as a function of individuals' chronological age. It is important to search for variables that determine or mediate the variation of behavior with age. It is possible to operationalize individuals' positions within a sequence, distinguishing between individuals' qualitative and quantitative changes in offending.
The Evolution of Dieulafoy's Lesion Since 1897: Then and Now—A Journey through the Lens of a Pediatric Lesion with Literature Review

Background. In 1897, Dieulafoy was the first to characterize a gaping arteriole within the gastric mucosa causing massive hematemesis, designating it as “exulceratio simplex. ” A hundred years later, this vascular abnormality, now commonly referred to as a “Dieulafoy lesion,” has been identified through the entire gastrointestinal tract and the bronchus. Objectives and Methods. As the original findings have been subjected to revisions and modifications by modern authors, Dieulafoy's original paper was reviewed and analyzed. The evolution of the current usage of “Dieulafoy's lesion” in the literature has been summarized with comparisons to the original report. Additionally, an index case of a 10-year-old female with a gastric “exulceratio simplex” is reported with a review of previously reported paediatric Dieulafoy lesions. Conclusions. The term “Dieulafoy lesion” in modern literature no longer adheres to the initial conclusions with regards to its origin, demographics, and presenting symptoms. Dieulafoy lesions remain a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding that can cause life-threatening haemorrhages in children.
Is Developmental Education Helping Community College Students Persist? A Critical Review of the Literature

There is considerable debate about the effects and benefits of developmental/basic skills/remediation education in college. Proponents argue that it enables poorly prepared high school students to attain the necessary preparation to succeed in college while critics contend that the benefits of remediation are not clear. The main objective of the article is to provide a critical review of the literature on the impact of developmental math on the educational outcomes and persistence of community college students. The authors first describe three types of summative quantitative evaluations. The authors then review a number of studies that have used these techniques to evaluate the impact of developmental math on a number of educational outcomes of community college students nationwide. In the last section, the authors propose the use of regression discontinuity (RD) design as a feasible evaluation tool that institutional researchers at community colleges can use to identify the level (i.e., number of levels below college level courses), subpopulations (i.e., gender, race/ ethnicity, and age), and institutions (i.e., multicampus district) that are doing a better job in teaching the developmental courses needed to persist in college.
Endogenous Fusarium Endophthalmitis in Diabetes Mellitus

Endogenous endophthalmitis accounts for 2% to 8% of cases of endophthalmitis. Immunocompromised state and intravenous drug use are the 2 most common causes of endogenous endophthalmitis due to molds fungi. Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Scedosporium are the common organisms in mold endophthalmitis. We report a case of Fusarium endophthalmitis in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. While diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for endogenous endophthalmitis, we did not find any reported case of Fusarium endophthalmitis in a case of diabetes mellitus. The patient presented with granulomatous uveitis masquerading as noninfectious uveitis with a very good response to steroids. The characteristic clinical features were established late in the clinical course associated with poor outcome. This case highlights the significance of uncontrolled diabetes as a risk factor for Fusarium endophthalmitis and also the presentation of endophthalmitis as a masquerade syndrome. The clinician should have high index of suspicion as these cases have poor outcomes.
Cognitive therapy in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

The present investigation was the first to evaluate cognitive therapy alone to treat body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Four patients with BDD were treated with cognitive therapy based upon Beck's (1967) model. A single-subject multiple baseline design was used in which each subject served as his or her own control. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in which the duration of baseline and follow-up differed. Dependent measures included the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination, the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder, the Body Satisfaction Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Overvalued Ideas Scale. Three of the four patients reported statistically significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and dissatisfaction with their body parts. Two patients showed statistically significant decreases in body dysmorphic obsessions and compulsions. Two subjects reported statistically significant reductions in overvalued ideas. While the results show promise for the use of cognitive therapy in the treatment of BDD, further investigation is required. Further research is also recommended to directly compare exposure plus response prevention to cognitive restructuring and to evaluate their additive effect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test-Retest Stability of Body-Image Scores in a Sample of 12-to 14-Yr.-Olds

The present study investigated test-retest variation in Body Image Questionnaire scores among a sample of British school children. 112 participants from three different school years (aged 12 to 14 years) completed the Body Image Questionnaire on two occasions separated by a 6-wk. period. No intervention designed to change, perceptions of body shape took place, hence, test-retest scores should be stable. Analysis indicated a significantly greater variation among 12- and 13-yr-olds upon retest, but not for 14-yr. -olds. Research is needed investigating factorial and test-retest stability of the measure for use with children aged 12 or under.
Characterization of the β-Carotene Hydroxylase Gene DSM2 Conferring Drought and Oxidative Stress Resistance by Increasing Xanthophylls and Abscisic Acid Synthesis in Rice1[C][W][OA]

Drought is a major limiting factor for crop production. To identify critical genes for drought resistance in rice (Oryza sativa), we screened T-DNA mutants and identified a drought-hypersensitive mutant, dsm2. The mutant phenotype was caused by a T-DNA insertion in a gene encoding a putative β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH). BCH is predicted for the biosynthesis of zeaxanthin, a carotenoid precursor of abscisic acid (ABA). The amounts of zeaxanthin and ABA were significantly reduced in two allelic dsm2 mutants after drought stress compared with the wild type. Under drought stress conditions, the mutant leaves lost water faster than the wild type and the photosynthesis rate, biomass, and grain yield were significantly reduced, whereas malondialdehyde level and stomata aperture were increased in the mutant. The mutant is also hypersensitive to oxidative stresses. The mutant had significantly lower maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry and nonphotochemical quenching capacity than the wild type, indicating photoinhibition in photosystem II and decreased capacity for eliminating excess energy by thermal dissipation. Overexpression of DSM2 in rice resulted in significantly increased resistance to drought and oxidative stresses and increases of the xanthophylls and nonphotochemical quenching. Some stress-related ABA-responsive genes were up-regulated in the overexpression line. DSM2 is a chloroplast protein, and the response of DSM2 to environmental stimuli is distinctive from the other two BCH members in rice. We conclude that the DSM2 gene significantly contributes to control of the xanthophyll cycle and ABA synthesis, both of which play critical roles in the establishment of drought resistance in rice.
Defining integrative biology

I n the official journal of the CNRS, the largest organization funding research in France, the new director of its Department of Life Sciences writes that ‘‘biology has to undergo a cultural revolution’’ [1] and, in a recent address to heads of its units, recommends that ‘‘integrative biology’’ be developed. This is one of several clear signs that many biologists now agree that to understand living systems fully—to answer the question ‘‘What is life? ’’ [2]—requires the study not only of their molecules but also of their integrated functioning. However, there is no consensus as to what ‘‘integrative biology’’ really means and how it may be done. Is it to be the natural extension of a reductionism, which has been highly successful until now, or of a globalism, alias a holism without vitalist overtones, akin to macroscopic physics in which ‘‘somebody should be studying the whole system, however crudely that has to be done, because no gluing together of partial studies of a complex nonlinear system can give a good idea of the whole’’ [3]? Or could integrative biology transcend both reductionism and globalism? To advance the debate, we might first ask why it is becoming fashionable. Several microbial genomes have now been completely sequenced, and the exploitation of this vast body of information is a major challenge. Can this information be used, for example, to explain how a myriad different types of molecules and organizing processes interact to make a living cell or an organism? In our view, these and related explanations (concerning, for example, the origin of life or the evolution of ecosystems) are amongst the primary goals of integrative biology. Both reductionism and globalism are already evident in the inchoate integrative biology but under different guises. The reductionist aspect of integrative biology exhibits both the continuation of present reductionist approaches in molecular biology and biochemistry and the recruitment and application of reductionist approaches from fields such as polymer physics and other domains of physics and chemistry, in order to take into account the structural features and the reaction networks of living organisms and also the fact that they are open, dynamic systems. In this global reductionism, reductionist approaches from across the sciences are CAMILLE RIPOLL, JANINE GUESPIN-MICHEL, VIC NORRIS, AND MICHEL THELLIER
Regional specialization in synaptic input and output in an identified local nonspiking interneuron of the crayfish revealed by light and electron microscopy

Lateral inhibition of several mechanosensory interneurons in the crayfish terminal ganglion is mediated by a pair of identified local nonspiking interneurons called local directionally selective (LDS) interneurons. The ultrastructure and synaptic distribution of these interneurons were investigated by using intracellular labeling with horseradish peroxidase for electron microscopy.
The effects of some metabolic inhibitors on the ability of SV40 virus in transformed cells to be detected by cell fusion.

When mouse fibroblasts transformed by SV 40 virus are fused with African Green Monkey kidney cells about 5% of the heterokaryons produce infective SV 40 virus. If the transformed mouse cells are treated with iododeoxyuridine before fusion, the percentage of heterokaryons producing SV 40 virus is increased to between 50 and 80%; if the transformed cells are treated with 8-azaguanine, the percentage of heterokaryons yielding virus is increased to between 59% and 96%. This shows that whether the SV 40 virus can be detected by cell fusion depends on the state of the transformed cells beforehand. A new method for titrating SV 40 virus is described.
Bernstein revisited: the recontextualisation of equity in contemporary Australian school education

This article draws on the sociology of Basil Bernstein to show how his detailed theories of ‘recontextualisation’ and the ‘pedagogic device’ provide useful analytic levers to examine the politics of educational change. We focus on recent policy developments that have significantly impacted Australian school education: the Program for International Student Assessment; the National Assessment Programme for Numeracy and Literacy; and the government’s public dissemination of school achievement data through the MySchool website. The analysis illustrates the ways in which the logics of economic rationalism not only have become ubiquitous in Australian education policy, but have come to recontextualise – or reshape – discourses of social and educational equity through new norms of competition, standardisation and commensurability. In doing so, the paper highlights the value of a Bernsteinian approach to understanding the vernacular character of neoliberalism in contemporary educational policy.
Influence of Socio-Demographics and Residential Environment on Leisure Activity Participation

Participating in leisure activities provides important benefits for all people. However, there is a substantial reduction of (green) leisure opportunities in cities, and the green spaces that are available often are poorly accessible. The purpose of this study is to analyze the diversity of participation in various types of leisure activities and to determine the relationship between leisure activity participation and characteristics of the residential environment depending on socio-demographic characteristics. Diary data from 803 respondents living in the Eindhoven region in the Netherlands were used. Four segments were identified that differ regarding their leisure activity participation, and a modest impact of green space accessibility was found.
Rank bounds for design matrices with applications to combinatorial geometry and locally correctable codes

A (q,k,t)-design matrix is an m x n matrix whose pattern of zeros/non-zeros satisfies the following design-like condition: each row has at most q non-zeros, each column has at least k non-zeros and the supports of every two columns intersect in at most t rows. We prove that for m ≥ n, the rank of any (q,k,t)-design matrix over a field of characteristic zero (or sufficiently large finite characteristic) is at least n - (qtn/2k)2. Using this result we derive the following applications: Impossibility results for 2-query LCCs over large fields: A 2-query locally correctable code (LCC) is an error correcting code in which every codeword coordinate can be recovered, probabilistically, by reading at most two other code positions. Such codes have numerous applications and constructions (with exponential encoding length) are known over finite fields of small characteristic. We show that infinite families of such linear 2-query LCCs do not exist over fields of characteristic zero or large characteristic regardless of the encoding length. Generalization of known results in combinatorial geometry: We prove a quantitative analog of the Sylvester-Gallai theorem: Let v1,. ,vm be a set of points in Cd such that for every i ∈ [m] there exists at least δ m values of j ∈ [m] such that the line through vi,vj contains a third point in the set. We show that the dimension of v1,. ,vm is at most O(1/δ2). Our results generalize to the high-dimensional case (replaceing lines with planes, etc.) and to the case where the points are colored (as in the Motzkin-Rabin Theorem).
The influence of orthographic structure on printed word learning in Arabic

The present study focuses on the specific question of letter ligatures in reading Arabic in the context of Share's self-teaching framework for printed word learning. The study examined the hypothesis that novel letter strings with connecting letters are harder to decode initially but easier to learn (orthographically) in the long run. As hypothesised, the findings showed that connectedness helps the reader learn the word-specific orthographic forms of individual words: Although post-test reading speeds were no faster for the connected items, spelling was superior. Thus, there is modest support for the view that position-specific letter-forms joined in a single contiguous word-form may promote orthographic learning. Unexpectedly, words with many consonant diacritics were found to slow reading considerably. The psycholinguistic implications of these findings are discussed in light of recent data and models of visual word recognition in Arabic.
Pristane-Induced Lupus Disease and Renal Pathology in Ligand (CD95L) Exacerbates Autoimmune Overexpression of Membrane-Bound Fas

Loss-of-function mutations in the Fas death receptor or its ligand result in a lymphoproliferative syndrome and exacerbate clinical disease in most lupus-prone strains of mice. One exception is mice injected with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD), a hydrocarbon oil commonly known as pristane, which induces systemic lupus erythematosus–like disease. Although Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interactions have been strongly implicated in the activation-induced cell death of both lymphocytes and other APCs, FasL can also trigger the production of proinﬂammatory cytokines. FasL is a transmembrane protein with a matrix metalloproteinase cleavage site in the ectodomain. Matrix metalloproteinase cleavage inactivates membrane-bound FasL and releases a soluble form reported to have both antagonist and agonist activity. To better understand the impact of FasL cleavage on both the proapoptotic and proinﬂammatory activity of FasL, its cleavage site was deleted through targeted mutation to produce the deleted cleavage site ( D CS) mouse line. D CS mice express higher levels of membrane-bound FasL than do wild-type mice and fail to release soluble FasL. To determine to what extent FasL promotes inﬂammation in lupus mice, TMPD-injected FasL-deﬁcient and D CS BALB/c mice were compared with control TMPD-injected BALB/c mice. We found that FasL deﬁciency signiﬁcantly reduced the early inﬂammatory exudate induced by TMPD injection. In contrast, D CS mice developed a markedly exacerbated disease proﬁle associated with a higher frequency of splenic neutrophils and macrophages, a profound change in anti-nuclear Ab speciﬁcity, and markedly increased proteinuria and kidney pathology compared with controls. These results demonstrate that FasL promotes inﬂammation in TMPD-induced autoimmunity, and its cleavage limits FasL proinﬂammatory activity. The Journal of Immunology , 2013, 191: 000–000.
Using activity theory to explain differences in patterns of dyadic interactions in an ESL class

Variations in how L2 learners work in pairs/groups have been noted by a number of researchers. However, explanations for such variations are often made in terms of differences in L2 proficiency or culture. What has often been overlooked is the participants' orientation to an activity and, in particular, their motives and goals. The importance of human motives and goals in explaining human behaviour is encapsulated in activity theory (Leont'ev, 1981). It is this theoretical perspective that guided the study reported in this article. The study attempted to explain variations found in the ways students interacted in pairs in a university ESL class. The data consist of interviews with eight participants who formed four case study pairs, each case exemplifying a distinct pattern of dyadic interaction. The findings suggest that patterns of dyadic interaction can be traced to the nature of the participants' goals and to whether or not members of the dyad share these goals.
Brief Increase in Carbohydrate Oxidation After Reperfusion Reverses Myocardial Stunning in Conscious Pigs

Background—Previous studies have examined only acute effects of enhanced glucose oxidation on postischemic myocardium. The goal of the present study was to examine prolonged functional recovery subsequent to postischemic, intracoronary pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibition with dichloroacetate (DCA) of stunned myocardium in conscious pigs. Methods and Results—Myocardial stunning was induced in conscious pigs by coronary stenosis, ie, 40% reduction of coronary blood flow for 90 minutes, followed by full reperfusion. After the initial peak, but during early reactive hyperemia (5 minutes of reperfusion), 1 hour of intracoronary infusion at 20% of measured coronary blood flow was begun using 20 mmol/L [2-13C]glucose without (n=4) or with (n=5) 20 mmol/L DCA. Coronary stenosis resulted in similar reduction in wall thickening in both untreated (−53±3% from 3.27±0.22 mm, n=9) and DCA (−51±3% from 3.08±0.15 mm, n=5) groups. During reperfusion, DCA increased glucose oxidation 10-fold. In the absence of DCA, myocardial stunning was observed; ie, wall thickening was reduced by 48±3% at 1 hour of reperfusion and did not fully recover for 48 hours. In contrast, in DCA pigs, myocardial stunning was ameliorated (P <0.05). Conclusions—Transient metabolic intervention within a clinically relevant time after ischemia eliminates myocardial stunning in conscious pigs during augmented carbohydrate oxidation and provides sustained benefits in contractile recovery.
On the Merits of Migrating From Legacy Circuit-Switched Cellular Infrastructure to a Fully Packet-Based RAN Architecture

This paper addresses the important issue of how to optimize the performance of the current mobile backhaul Radio Access Network (RAN) infrastructure to cope with the growing and dynamic nature of the emerging data-centric mobile multimedia traffic and services. Specifically, this work proposes and devises a simple and cost-effective EPON-based dynamic multiservice RAN architecture that efficiently transports and supports a wide range of existing and emerging data-centric mobile multimedia traffic and services along with the diverse quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by these services. To conform to the emerging Fourth-Generation (4G) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standards, the proposed centralized packet-based RAN architecture is further evolved to a distributed architecture. The performance of the distributed packet-based RAN architecture is then examined and compared with that of the centralized one. In general, the simulation results indicate that packet-based RAN architectures are far better suited for coping with the dynamic and bursty traffic pattern of the emerging data-centric mobile multimedia services along with the diverse QoS and rate requirements set by these services.