Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution and its limiting environmental factors of native orchid species diversity in the Beipan River Basin of Guizhou Province, China

Abstract To understand the distribution of biodiversity and its determinants, particularly that of ecologically sensitive ones, has long been intriguing to the science community and will help formulate conservation strategies under future climate changes. To this end, we conducted extensive field surveys on the distribution of orchid flora in the Beipan River Basin in Guizhou Province, which is one of the biodiversity conservation priorities in China. The data we acquired, together with those published previously, were converted into orchid species richness for each of the 3 km × 3 km grid cells covering the study region. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were then applied to determine which of the 30 environmental factors are potentially critical for the spatial distribution of orchid flora we have observed. Despite a moderate spatial extent, we found that the Beipan River Basin harbors about 249 native orchid species belonging to 74 genera, equivalent to 14.5% of orchid flora of China. Orchid species richness in this area follows a descending gradient from the southeast to the northwest, 70.41% of its variation among grid cells can be explained by environmental factors and spatial variables, and spatial variables accounted for 63.90% of the spatial variation of orchid distribution, indicating that spatial variables played a dominant role in the distribution of wild Orchidaceae species richness. In addition, the main environmental driver is the mean temperature of the wettest quarter. Our study provides a good example for revealing the main drivers of orchid distribution characteristics and has a certain reference value for the development of orchid conservation strategies.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Protoplanetary Disks around Herbig Ae/Be and T Tauri Stars

A distinct set of broad emission features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, and 12.7 μm, is often detected in protoplanetary disks (PPDs). These features are commonly attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We model these emission features in the infrared spectra of 69 PPDs around 14 T Tauri and 55 Herbig Ae/Be stars in terms of astronomical PAHs. For each PPD, we derive the size distribution and the charge state of the PAHs. We then examine the correlations of the PAH properties (i.e., sizes and ionization fractions) with the stellar properties (e.g., stellar effective temperature, luminosity, and mass). We find that the characteristic size of the PAHs tends to correlate with the stellar effective temperature ( ) and interpret this as the preferential photodissociation of small PAHs in systems with higher of which the stellar photons are more energetic. In addition, the PAH size shows a moderate correlation with the red-ward wavelength shift of the 7.7 μm PAH feature that is commonly observed in disks around cool stars. The ionization fraction of PAHs does not seem to correlate with any stellar parameters. This is because the charging of PAHs depends on not only the stellar properties (e.g., , luminosity) but also their spatial distribution in the disks. The marginally negative correlation between PAH size and stellar age suggests that continuous replenishment of PAHs via the outgassing of cometary bodies and/or the collisional grinding of planetesimals and asteroids is required to maintain the abundance of small PAHs against complete destruction by photodissociation.
THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF CRITICAL MANAGEMENT STUDIES – REVIEW

The article is a review of The Oxford Handbook of Critical Management Studies. The book was first published in 2009. Editors are Alvesson M. , Bridgman T. , and Willomont H. The book characterized a current of critical in management sciences. It consists of 28 chapters divided into 4 thematic parts.
Optical Rotation Curves of Distant Field Galaxies: Keck Results at Redshifts to z ~ 1

Spatially resolved velocity profiles are presented for nine faint field galaxies in the redshift range 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 1, based on moderate-resolution spectroscopy obtained with the Keck 10 m telescope. These data were augmented with high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope images from WFPC2, which provided V and I photometry, galaxy type, orientation, and inclination. The effects of seeing, slit width, and slit misalignment with respect to galaxy major axis were modeled along with inclination for each source, in order to derive a maximum circular velocity from the observed rotation curve. The lowest redshift galaxy, though highly elongated, shows a distorted low-amplitude rotation curve that suggests a merger in progress seen perpendicular to the collision path. The remaining rotation curves appear similar to those of local galaxies in both form and amplitude, implying that some massive disks were in place at z ~ 1. The key result is that the kinematics of these distant galaxies show evidence for only a modest increase in luminosity (ΔMB ≲ 0.6) compared to velocity-luminosity (Tully-Fisher) relations for local galaxies.
Optical and X-ray characteristics of a newly discovered narrow-line quasi-stellar object: RX J1334.2+3759

We report the discovery of a narrow-line quasi-stellar object (NLQSO) RX J1334.213759 with a steep soft X-ray spectrum. Soft X-ray emission from the NLQSO is highly variable. Changes in the intensity by a factor of ~2 have been detected in the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observations of RX J1334.2+3759 on time-scales of ~20 000-40 000 s. Rapid variability events have also been observed from RX J1334.2+3759. The most extreme variable event has ΔL/Δt=1:95±1:02. 10 42 erg s −2 corresponding to a change in the intensity by a factor of ~4 within ≲400 s. The PSPC spectra of the NLQSO can be well represented by a power law of photon index Γ X ∼3:8, modified by an absorbing column local to the source (ΔN H ~3:3×10 20 cm −2 ) over and above that caused by our own Galaxy (N H =7:9×10 19 cm −2 ). The intrinsic soft X-ray luminosity of RX J1334.2+3759 is estimated to be ∼ 2:2×10 44 erg s −1 in the energy band of 0:1-2:0 keV. The optical spectrum of RX J1334.2+3759 is typical of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies showing strong Balmer Hβ, Hα, and forbidden line of [O III]λ5007. Fe II multiplets, usually present in the optical spectra of NLS1 galaxies, are also detected from RX J1334.2+3759. Decomposition of the Hβ and Hα line profiles shows the presence of narrow [full width at half-maximum (FWHM) ~880 kms −1 ] and broad (FWHM ~2850 km s −1 ) components in the spectrum of RX J1334.2+3759. The narrow-line region of RX J1334.2+3759 appears to be significantly different from those of normal Seyfert galaxies. A possible explanation for the observed properties of the narrow-line region and the broad-line region is suggested in terms of density enhancements.
Genomic Variation Underlying the Breeding Selection of Quinoa Varieties Longli-4 and CA3-1 in China

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a well-known climate-resilient crop and has been introduced into multiple marginal lands across the world, including China, to improve food security and/or balanced nutrient supplies. Conventional breeding has been widely applied in the selection and breeding of quinoa varieties in China since 1980s; however, few studies have been implemented on the genetic variances among different varieties developed by diversity breeding objectives. In this study, the phenotypic and genetic differences between two varieties (Longli-4 and CA3-1) from China were systematically analyzed. A total of 407,651 and 2,731,411 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 212,724 and 587,935 small insertion and deletion (INDELs) were detected for Longli-4 and CA3-1, respectively, when compared with the reference genome of PI614886. The SNPs/INDELs were unevenly distributed across each chromosome for both varieties. There were 143,996 SNPs and 83,410 INDELs shared between Longli-4 and CA3-1, accounting for 4% of the total variances. The variation was then screened based on the SNP effects. There were 818 and 73 genes with the variety-specific non-synonymous and stop-gain variation in Longli-4, whereas there were 13,701 and 733 genes in CA3-1. Specifically, 3501 genes with the non-synonymous variation and 74 genes with the stop-gain variation were found in both Longli-4 and CA3-1. These results suggest that convergent selection occurred during the different breeding processes. A set of candidate genes related to agronomic traits and domestication were further selected to detect the genetic divergence in detail in the two varieties. Only one domestication gene was identified having Longli-4-specific stop-gain variation. Twelve candidate genes related to betalain (1), flowering (4), seed size (2), domestication (1), and saponin (4) were identified having CA3-1-specific stop-gain variation. Interestingly, one seed size gene homologous of CKX1 (cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 1) had the stop-gain variation in both varieties. This research will therefore provide guidance for the molecular-assisted breeding in quinoa.
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: An Overview

Many proteins and protein segments cannot attain a single stable three-dimensional structure under physiological conditions; instead, they adopt multiple interconverting conformational states. Such intrinsically disordered proteins or protein segments are highly abundant across proteomes, and are involved in various effector functions. This review focuses on different aspects of disordered proteins and disordered protein regions, which form the basis of the so-called “Disorder–function paradigm” of proteins. Additionally, various experimental approaches and computational tools used for characterizing disordered regions in proteins are discussed. Finally, the role of disordered proteins in diseases and their utility as potential drug targets are explored.
ATCA observations of the MACS-Planck Radio Halo Cluster Project. II. Radio observations of an intermediate redshift cluster sample

A fraction of galaxy clusters host diffuse radio sources whose origins are investigated through multi-wavelength studies of cluster samples. We investigate the presence of diffuse radio emission in a sample of seven galaxy clusters in the largely unexplored intermediate redshift range (0.3 < z < 0.44). In search of diffuse emission, deep radio imaging of the clusters are presented from wide band (1.1-3.1 GHz), full resolution ($\sim$ 5 arcsec) observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The visibilities were also imaged at lower resolution after point source modelling and subtraction and after a taper was applied to achieve better sensitivity to low surface brightness diffuse radio emission. In case of non-detection of diffuse sources, we set upper limits for the radio power of injected diffuse radio sources in the field of our observations. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamical state of the observed clusters based on an X-ray morphological analysis with XMM-Newton. We detect a giant radio halo in PSZ2 G284.97-23.69 (z=0.39) and a possible diffuse source in the nearly relaxed cluster PSZ2 G262.73-40.92 (z=0.421). Our sample contains three highly disturbed massive clusters without clear traces of diffuse emission at the observed frequencies. We were able to inject modelled radio halos with low values of total flux density to set upper detection limits; however, with our high-frequency observations we cannot exclude the presence of RH in these systems because of the sensitivity of our observations in combination with the high z of the observed clusters.
Dual State‐Parameter Assimilation of SAR‐Derived Wet Surface Ratio for Improving Fluvial Flood Reanalysis

Flooding is one of the most devastating natural hazards to which our society worldwide must adapt, especially as its severity and occurrence tend to increase with climate changes. This research work focuses on the assimilation of two‐dimensional (2D) flood observations derived from remote‐sensing images acquired during overflowing events. To do so, the resulting binary wet/dry maps are expressed in terms of wet surface ratios (WSR) over a number of floodplain subdomains. This ratio is assimilated jointly with in‐situ water‐level gauge observations to improve the flow dynamics within the floodplain. An Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) with a dual state‐parameter analysis approach is implemented on top of a TELEMAC‐2D hydrodynamic model. The EnKF control vector is composed of spatially‐distributed friction coefficients and a corrective parameter of the inflow discharge. It is extended with the hydraulic states within the floodplain subdomains. This data assimilation strategy was validated and evaluated over a reach of the Garonne river. The observation operator associated with the WSR observations, as well as the dual state‐parameter sequential correction, was first validated in the context of Observing System Simulation Experiments. It was then applied to two real flood events that occurred in 2019 and 2021. The merits of assimilating synthetic aperture radar‐derived WSR observations, in complement to the in‐situ water‐level observations, are shown in the parameter and observation spaces with assessment metrics computed over the entire flood events. It is also shown that the hydraulic state correction within the dual state‐parameter analysis approach significantly improves the flood dynamics, especially during the flood recess.
Adding value, profitability and indebtedness: an approach to companies listed on the B3 stock exchange in the pandemic period

The objective of this work was to analyze the degree of explanation of the size factor, the economic value added and the profitability as a function of equity on the level of indebtedness of the main companies listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange. The discussion of the health crisis caused by Covid-19 is incorporated as a determining factor, as well as the theoretical discussion that the stock market indicator can be an important estimator of the behavior of the economy. The methodology used was a dynamic panel based on the methodology developed by Arellano and Bond in 1991, justified by the nature of the data. The results support the hypotheses launched in the study, where the variation in value addition has a positive impact on indebtedness for the pandemic period, and increases in profitability reduce companies' financial risk exposure. The effects of each of the variables are notable according to the analyzed interval, that is, in the pre- and pandemic period. The main contribution of this article is to provide a broad and rigorous empirical approach in order to assess the impact of the studied variables. In addition, this study considers companies with greater volume and liquidity serving as a proxy for the sectors of the Brazilian economy.
Men Are from Quartile One, Women Are from? Relative Age Effect in European Soccer and the Influence of Age, Success, and Playing Status

The relative age effect (RAE) is characterised by an overrepresentation of athletes born earlier in the selection year. Whilst an RAE is consistently evident in male soccer, examinations in female players remain limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of sex, as well as age, success, and playing status in European soccer players. The sample consisted of a total of 6546 soccer players from 55 soccer nations that competed in recent European Championship qualification campaigns. Results indicated an evident RAE in male [p = 0.017] but not female [p = 0.765] players. Male players were over-represented by players born in the first quartile for the U17 [p < 0.001] and U19 [p = 0.001] levels, however, this over-representation did not transfer to senior levels. No RAE was observed at any level for female players. Inside each age group, a slight selection bias towards those born in the first quartile for successful squads was observed but did not significantly differentiate between qualification status for either male or female players. Results from this study highlight the disparity in RAE prevalence between male and female players and raise further questions regarding the value of selecting relatively older players to metrics of success, transition, and selection for senior international soccer.
CHARGE DYNAMICS AND OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE T-J MODEL

The dynamic charge susceptibility and the optical conductivity are calculated in the planar t-J model within the memory function method, working directly in terms of Hubbard operators. The density fluctuation spectrum consists of a damped sound-like mode for small wave vectors and a broad high energy peak ($\sim t$) for large momenta. The study of the optical conductivity shows that electron scattering from spin fluctuations leads to the Drude-frequency dependent relaxation rate which exhibits a crossover from $\omega^{3/2}$ behavior at low frequencies ($\omega <2|\mu|$), to a linear $\omega$-dependence for frequencies larger than $2|\mu|$. Due to the spin-polaron nature of charge carriers, extra absorbtions arise starting at a frequency $\omega \agt J$. The obtained results are in a good agreement with exact diagonalization studies.
Nonuniform symmetry breaking in noncommutative λ Φ 4 theory

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in noncommutative cutoff $\ensuremath{\lambda}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}^{4}$ theory has been analyzed by using the formalism of the effective action for composite operators in the Hartree-Fock approximation. It turns out that there is no phase transition to a constant vacuum expectation of the field and the broken phase corresponds to a nonuniform background. By considering $〈\ensuremath{\varphi}(x)〉=A\mathrm{cos}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{Q}\ensuremath{\cdot}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{x})$ the generated mass gap depends on the angles among the momenta $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{k}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{Q}$ and the noncommutativity parameter $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\theta}}. $ The order of the transition is not easily determinable in our approximation.
PYMIEDAP: a Python–Fortran tool for computing fluxes and polarization signals of (exo)planets

PYMIEDAP (the Python Mie Doubling-Adding Programme) is a Python-based tool for computing the total linearly and circularly polarized fluxes of incident unpolarized sunlight or starlight that is reflected by solar system planets or moons, respectively, or by exoplanets at a range of wavelengths. The radiative transfer computations are based on an doubling-adding Fortran algorithm and fully include polarization for all orders of scattering. The model (exo)planets are described by a model atmosphere composed of a stack of homogeneous layers containing gas and/or aerosol and/or cloud particles bounded below by an isotropically depolarizing surface (that is optionally black). The reflected light can be computed spatially resolved and/or disk-integrated. Spatially resolved signals are mostly representative for observations of solar system planets (or moons), while disk-integrated signals are mostly representative for exoplanet observations. PYMIEDAP is modular and flexible, and allows users to adapt and optimize the code according to their needs. PYMIEDAP keeps options open for connections with external programs and for future additions and extensions. In this paper, we describe the radiative transfer algorithm that PYMIEDAP is based on and the principal functionalities of the code. We also provide benchmark results of PYMIEDAP that can be used for testing its installation and for comparison with other codes.
On the Evolution of the Central Density of Quiescent Galaxies

We investigate the origin of the evolution of the population-averaged central stellar mass density (Σ1) of quiescent galaxies (QGs) by probing the relation between stellar age and Σ1 at z ∼ 0. We use the Zurich ENvironmental Study (ZENS), which is a survey of galaxy groups with a large fraction of satellite galaxies. QGs shape a narrow locus in the Σ1–M⋆ plane, which we refer to as Σ1 ridgeline. Colors of (B − I) and (I − J) are used to divide QGs into three age categories: young (<2 Gyr), intermediate (2–4 Gyr), and old (>4 Gyr). At fixed stellar mass, old QGs on the Σ1 ridgeline have higher Σ1 than young QGs. This shows that galaxies landing on the Σ1 ridgeline at later epochs arrive with lower Σ1, which drives the zeropoint of the ridgeline down with time. We compare the present-day zeropoint of the oldest population at z = 0 with the zeropoint of the quiescent population 4 Gyr back in time, at z = 0.37. These zeropoints are identical, showing that the intrinsic evolution of individual galaxies after they arrive on the Σ1 ridgeline must be negligible, or must evolve parallel to the ridgeline during this interval. The observed evolution of the global zeropoint of 0.07 dex over the last 4 Gyr is thus largely due to the continuous addition of newly quenched galaxies with lower Σ1 at later times (“progenitor bias”). While these results refer to the satellite-rich ZENS sample as a whole, our work suggests a similar age–Σ1 trend for central galaxies.
Stochastic wave function method for non-markovian quantum master equations

A generalization of the stochastic wave function method to quantum master equations which are not in Lindblad form is developed. The proposed stochastic unravelling is based on a description of the reduced system in a doubled Hilbert space and it is shown, that this method is capable of simulating quantum master equations with negative transition rates. Non-Markovian effects in the reduced systems dynamics can be treated within this approach by employing the time-convolutionless projection operator technique. This ansatz yields a systematic perturbative expansion of the reduced systems dynamics in the coupling strength. Several examples such as the damped Jaynes Cummings model and the spontaneous decay of a two-level system into a photonic band gap are discussed. The power as well as the limitations of the method are demonstrated.
From U(1) Maxwell Chern-Simons to Azbel-Hofstadter: Testing Magnetic Monopoles and Gravity to $\sim 10^{-15}$\textit{m}?

It is built a map between an Abelian Topological Quantum Field Theory, $2+1D$ compact U(1) gauge Maxwell Chern-Simons Theory and the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics Azbel-Hofstadter model of Bloch electrons. The $U_q(sl_2)$ quantum group and the magnetic translations group of the Azbel-Hofstadter model correspond to discretized subgroups of U(1) with linear gauge parameters. The magnetic monopole confining and condensate phases in the Topological Quantum Field Theory are identified with the extended (energy bands) and localized (gaps) phases of the Bloch electron. The magnetic monopole condensate is associated, at the nonrelativistic level, with gravitational white holes due to deformed classical gauge fields. These gravitational solutions render the existence of finite energy pure magnetic monopoles possible. This mechanism constitutes a dynamical symmetry breaking which regularizes the solutions on those localized phases allowing physical solutions of the Shr\"odinger equation which are chains of electron filaments connecting several monopole-white holes.To test these results would be necessary a strong external magnetic field $B\sim 5 T$ at low temperature $T<1 K$. To be accomplished, it would test the existence of magnetic monopoles and classical gravity to a scale of $\sim 10^{-15}$ \textit{meters}, the dimension of the monopole-white hole. A proper discussion of such experiment is out of the scope of this theoretical work.