Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematic analysis and development of cable-driven rehabilitation robot for cerebral palsy patients

This study aimed to analyze the kinematic development of a rehabilitation cable robot for patients with cerebral palsy problems. For this purpose, the walking pattern of a healthy person was analyzed in the robot by extracting his kinematic model. Therefore, a seven-link model was considered, and changes in the mass center of the links and then movements during the gait cycle were obtained with the angles related to joint changes. Next, the person’s integration with the rehabilitation cable robot was investigated with the resolution of the direct kinematic problem. In addition, the change-related outputs of the cables were obtained by the person’s movement and the attached belt. The robot was further proposed because the specific change diagram of the cables facilitates understanding how much motor torque is needed to change the length of the cable. It is noteworthy that the static person balance is provided in the existing rehabilitation robots. However, in this structure, the balance is done by the six degrees of freedom robot so that the robot can return the person to the original path when he loses his balance. Cable systems for the lower limbs (thighs and shanks) are also simulated to rehabilitate the patient. The obtained results from the simulation and the obtained output from kinematic equations for lower limb movements were also compared, and the highest deference was 2.2, 1.8, 1.8, and 1.5% for shank-back, shank-front, thigh-back, and thigh-front of the leg in the corresponding points in the outputs of both software, respectively.
Guided Labs That Introduce Statistical Techniques Used in Research From Multiple Disciplines

Investigative laboratory modules (labs) can introduce undergraduates to relatively advanced statistical methods from a variety of disciplines. The labs described in this article encourage students early in their undergraduate studies to experience the role of a research scientist and to understand how statistics help advance scientific knowledge. By making students grapple with intriguing real-world problems that demonstrate the intellectual content and broad applicability of statistics as a discipline, these labs encourage students to consider a career in statistics or to incorporate statistical thinking into any career. These materials offer many potential uses: they can be combined to form a second statistics course; they can be incorporated as a final project in an introductory statistics course; or they can be used individually to demonstrate to students and researchers in other disciplines how statisticians approach the scientific process.
Should the Interquartile Range Divided by the Standard Deviation be Used to Assess Normality?

We discourage the use of a diagnostic for normality: the interquartile range divided by the standard deviation. This statistic has been suggested in several introductory statistics books as a method to assess normality. Through simulation, we explore the rate at which this statistic converges to its asymptotic normal distribution, and the actual size of tests based on the asymptotic distribution at several sample sizes. We show that there are nonnormal distributions from which this method cannot detect a difference. Additionally, we show the power of this test for normality is quite poor when compared with the Shapiro–Wilk test.
Feature calibration and alignment to represent model forecast errors: Empirical regularization

A method for characterizing errors for weather forecasts and analyses, called feature calibration and alignment (FCA), decomposes model forecast error into phase error, amplitude error and residual error. Phase and amplitude errors are represented by large‐scale displacements and biases of a field. In this study FCA is used to represent errors in realistic univariate two‐dimensional analysis and forecast fields. In previous work FCA was tuned subjectively. Here, a methodology to determine an empirical constraint that regularizes the FCA solutions is developed. This version of FCA still has some tunable parameters, but the new method greatly reduces the subjective nature of FCA. The data used are European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts analyses and one‐ to ten‐day forecasts of 500 hPa geopotential height. A stepwise procedure is used to derive the statistics of the error components for ideally chosen spectral truncations. The stepwise FCA statistics are then used to define a constraint that controls the size of the spectral coefficients of the FCA representation of the phase and amplitude errors. A large fraction (∼90%) of the 500 hPa geopotential‐height forecast‐error variance is explained by FCA, demonstrating that a large part of the forecast error can be described as large‐scale phase and bias errors. The fraction of variance explained increases with forecast length, and is slightly larger in winter than in summer. The constrained FCA solutions are more efficient and exhibit less of a tendency for multiple solutions when compared to the unconstrained FCA solutions. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Moving cast shadow detection by exploiting multiple cues

Background subtraction or temporal differencing is commonly applied on an image sequence for foreground/background segmentation. However, cast shadows of moving foreground objects in a scene often result in detection errors for many vision-based applications. To address this problem, the authors propose an algorithm exploiting the information of colour, shading, texture, neighbourhood and temporal consistency to detect shadows efficiently and adaptively. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the penumbra as well as the umbra in different kinds of scenarios under various illumination conditions.
The performance prediction of controlled-PM LSM in various design schemes by FEM

This paper presents the various design schemes of controlled-permanent magnet (PM) linear synchronous motor (LSM). The motor performance on various design schemes, such as slot shapes, magnetizing patterns of PM and skewing, have been investigated in detail by using FEM and experiment. From this study, it is known that in various design schemes, skewing is most efficient to this system in all aspects.
On the dominance of changes in planetary angular momentum in large scale extra‐tropical flows

Considerations of the temporal changes in angular momentum are employed to diagnose air trajectories over large scale distances calculated from the publicly available global data base of NCEP/NCAR. It is shown that outside the Tropics both the total angular momentum and its Lagrangian (material) time‐derivative are dominated by the planetary term, regardless of the direction of the transport, whereas the contribution of the non‐linear term is always negligible. In the Tropics the planetary term and the acceleration terms alternately dominated the angular momentum evolution. These Lagrangian results are reinforced by Eulerian calculations of instantaneous maps of the relative contributions of the various terms in the evolution equation of the angular momentum. The simple equation of angular momentum evolution (compared to the more complex zonal momentum equation) is accurately satisfied by NCEP/NCAR re‐analyzed fields even over Africa, where the data for the reanalysis is scant. The only exceptions to the general dominance of the planetary term over the angular momentum evolution in the extra‐Tropics are along trough‐/ridge‐lines (where the flow changes direction sharply) and at the entrance/exit regions of straight jets, where the flow accelerates/decelerates.
Feedback linearization of DC motors

The feedback linearization of series and shunt-connected motors is studied. It is found that they can be feedback linearized in a variety of ways. The series-connected motor can be input-to-state linearized, whereas the shunt-connected motor cannot. All of the feedback linearizations are valid except on 'thin sets' of states. >
Determining an Optimal Decay Factor for Bias-Correcting MOS Temperature and Dewpoint Forecasts

AbstractModel output statistics (MOS) forecast relationships for temperature and dewpoint developed with least squares regression and put into operation by the National Weather Service (NWS) are unbiased over the sample period of development. However, short-term biases within that period can exist, and application of the regression equations to new data may produce forecasts with short- or long-term biases. Because NWP models undergo changes over time, MOS forecasts can be biased because of these changes, and also possibly because of local environmental changes. These biases can be largely eliminated. In the decaying average method, a “decay factor” is used. This value affects not only the short- and long-term bias characteristics, but also other accuracy measures of the forecasts. This paper shows how different values of the decay factor affect MOS temperature and dewpoint forecasts, and the range of factors that would be appropriate for bias correcting those forecasts. Biases and other quality measures .
Homomorphic Sortition - Single Secret Leader Election for PoS Blockchains

LUCIANO FREITAS, LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France ANDREI TONKIKH, LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France ADDA-AKRAM BENDOUKHA, CEA LIST, Université Paris-Saclay, France SARA TUCCI-PIERGIOVANNI, CEA LIST, Université Paris-Saclay, France RENAUD SIRDEY, CEA LIST, Université Paris-Saclay, France OANA STAN, CEA LIST, Université Paris-Saclay, France PETR KUZNETSOV, LTCI, Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France
Interaction between individual and collective learning in an entrepreneurial setting: case study of SoftBank Academia in Japan

ABSTRACT This study presents a theoretical model of interaction between individual and collective levels of entrepreneurial learning. We conducted a qualitative study on SoftBank Academia (SBA), an institute for human resource development to develop potential successors to Masayoshi Son, the founder of SoftBank Group in Japan. In SBA, there’s simultaneously a high level of competition and cooperation. Results suggest that the entrepreneurial learning process, which spans individual and collective levels, features elements of SoftBank Group’s business process such as ‘comradely association’ and ‘Cluster of No. 1 Strategy’.
Calibration of symmetric and non-symmetric errors for interferometry of ultra-precise imaging systems

The azimuthal Zernike coefficients for shells of Zernike functions with shell numbers n<N may be determined by making measurements at N equally spaced rotational positions. However, these measurements do not determine the coefficients of any of the purely radial Zernike functions. Label the circle that the azimuthal Zernikes are measured in as circle A. Suppose that the azimuthal Zernike coefficients for n<N are also measured in a smaller circle B which is inside circle A but offset so that it is tangent to circle A and so that it has the center of circle A just inside its circular boundary. The diameter of circle B is thus only slightly larger than half the diameter of circle A. From these two sets of measurements, all the Zernike coefficients may be determined for n<N. However, there are usually unknown small rigid body motions of the optic between measurements. Then all the Zernike coefficients for n<N except for piston, tilts, and focus may be determined. We describe the exact mathematical algorithm that does this and describe an interferometer which measures the complete wavefront from pinholes in pinhole aligners. These pinhole aligners are self-contained units which include a fiber optic, focusing optics, and a "pinhole mirror". These pinhole aligners can then be used in another interferometer so that its errors would then be known. Physically, the measurements in circles A and B are accomplished by rotating each pinhole aligner about an aligned axis, then about an oblique axis. Absolute measurement accuracies better than 0.2 nm were achieved.
The Pierre Auger Project: an overview

The Southern Hemisphere site of the Pierre Auger Observatory is now under construction in Argentina by a collaboration of 50 institutions in 16 countries. The objective of the Auger Project is to make a high statistics measurement of cosmic rays above 1019 eV. The observatory will record extensive air showers induced by these cosmic rays incident on the atmosphere. The measurement will include energy, direction and composition of the primary particles. The engineering phase is now complete and full construction has begun. The search for the source of the highest energy cosmic rays is one of the most interesting problems in astrophysics. Following the discovery of the cosmic microwave background, Greisen and, independently, Zatsepin and Kuzmin realized hat this background radiation would make space opaque to cosmic rays of very high energy. Nevertheless over the past 30 years several tens of events were recorded with energies above the Greisen, Zatsepin, Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff (about 5×1019 eV) including a number above 1020 eV. These events present a conundrum. Because of the GZK cut off these super high-energy events must come from nearby, less than about 50 Mpc. In addition the cosmic acceleration mechanism for achieving these energies is very difficult to conceive. Yet, even though particles of these energies are only slightly deflected by galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields, none clearly points back to a source sufficiently violent to a be a candidate source. The Auger Observatory finished its engineering development phase at the end of 2001. The “Engineering Array” consists of 40 surface particle detector stations and two prototype air fluorescence telescopes. The Observatory, when complete, will have a 1600 detector surface array covering 3000 km**2 overlooked by 24 fluorescence telescopes. The Engineering Array has demonstrated that all of the detector systems perform as well or better than expected. Recently the Observatory has recorded a number of cosmic ray events simultaneously with both the fluorescence and surface detectors.
Parakeet: Practical Key Transparency for End-to-End Encrypted Messaging

—Encryption alone is not enough for secure end-to- end encrypted messaging: a server must also honestly serve public keys to users. Key transparency has been presented as an efﬁcient solution for detecting (and hence deterring) a server that attempts to dishonestly serve keys. Key transparency involves two major components: (1) a username to public key mapping, stored and cryptographically committed to by the server, and, (2) an out- of-band consistency protocol for serving short commitments to users. In the setting of real-world deployments and supporting production scale, new challenges must be considered for both of these components. We enumerate these challenges and provide solutions to address them. In particular, we design and implement a memory-optimized and privacy-preserving veriﬁable data structure for committing to the username to public key store. To make this implementation viable for production, we also integrate support for persistent and distributed storage. We also propose a future-facing solution, termed “compaction”, as a mechanism for mitigating practical issues that arise from dealing with inﬁnitely growing server data structures. Finally, we implement a consensusless solution that achieves the minimum requirements for a service that consistently distributes commitments for a transparency application, providing a much more efﬁcient protocol for distributing small and consistent commitments to users. This culminates in our production-grade implementation of a key transparency system (Parakeet) which we have open-sourced, along with a demonstration of feasibility through our benchmarks.
Asymmetric Trapdoor Pseudorandom Generators: Definitions, Constructions, and Applications to Homomorphic Signatures with Shorter Public Keys

We introduce a new primitive called the asymmetric trap-door pseudorandom generator (ATPRG), which belongs to pseudorandom generators with two additional trapdoors (a public trapdoor and a secret trapdoor) or backdoor pseudorandom generators with an additional trapdoor (a secret trapdoor). Speciﬁcally, ATPRG can only generate public pseudorandom numbers pr 1 , . , pr N for the users having no knowledge of the public trapdoor and the secret trapdoor; so this function is the same as pseudorandom generators. However, the users having the public trapdoor can use any public pseudorandom number pr i to recover the whole pr sequence; so this function is the same as backdoor pseudorandom generators. Further, the users having the secret trapdoor can use pr sequence to generate a
Hiding in Plain Sight: Non-profiling Deep Learning-based Side-channel Analysis with Plaintext/Ciphertext

Deep learning-based profiling side-channel analysis is widely adopted in academia and industry thanks to the ability to reveal secrets protected with countermeasures. To leverage its capability, the adversary needs to have access to a clone of an attack device to obtain the profiling measurements. Moreover, the adversary needs to know secret information to label these measurements. Non-profiling attacks avoid those con-straints by not relying on secret information to label data but rather by trying all key guesses and taking the most successful one. Deep learning approaches also form the basis of several non-profiling attacks. Unfortu-nately, such approaches suffer from high computational complexity and low generality when applied in practice. This paper proposes a novel non-profiling deep learning-based side-channel analysis technique. Our approach relies on the fact that there is (com-monly) a bijective relationship between known information, such as plaintext and ciphertext, and secret information. We use this fact to label the leakage measurement with the known information and then mount attacks. Our results show that we reach at least 3 × better attack performance with negligible computational effort than existing non-profiling methods. Moreover, our non-profiling approach rivals the performance of state-of-the-art deep learning-based profiling attacks.
PLASMA: Private, Lightweight Aggregated Statistics against Malicious Adversaries with Full Security

Private heavy-hitters is a data-collection task where multiple clients possess private bit strings, and data-collection servers aim to identify the most popular strings without learning anything about the clients’ inputs. In this work, we introduce PLASMA: a private analytics framework in the three-server setting that protects the privacy of honest clients and the correctness of the protocol against a coalition of malicious clients and a malicious server. Our core primitives are a verifiable incremental distributed point function (VIDPF) and a batched consistency check, which are of independent interest. Our VIDPF introduces new methods to validate client inputs based on hashing. Meanwhile, our batched consistency check uses Merkle trees to validate multiple client sessions together in a batch. This drastically reduces server communication across multiple client sessions, resulting in significantly less communication compared to related works. Finally, we compare PLASMA with the recent works of Asharov et al. (CCS’22) and Poplar (S&P’21) and compare in terms of monetary cost for different input sizes.
IMAGING WITH STIS ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE: ASTRONOMY AT V=30

In February, 1997, the second Space Shuttle servicing mission to the Hubble Observatory installed the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). This new instrument will greatly enhance the spectroscopic capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope by providing a longslit format and CCD detector technology. STIS can also be used as an imager, providing an alternative to the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. The optical filter set of STIS is limited and does not contain standard bandpasses, but we show here that this does not preclude useful two-color broad band photometry. Because the STIS bandpasses reach ∼ 1.5 magnitudes deeper than WFPC2, the STIS photometric system may be preferable for many applications where a faint limiting magnitude and fine spatial resolution are overriding considerations. The two optical wide-band choices on STIS are a clear aperture and a longpass (λ > 5500Å) filter. We define an effective short-pass filter from the difference of these, making two-color photometry possible with STIS. We present preliminary transformations between the STIS system and Cousins BVRI bandpasses, showing that these transformations are very well-behaved over almost all temperatures, luminosities, and abundances for normal stars. In an 8-orbit cycle, STIS will be able to reach signal-to-noise of ∼ 5-10 at V = 30.0 in its clear and longpass imaging modes, a significant increase in the power of HST to address a number of fundamental issues out of reach of current instrumentation capabilities on the ground or in spac.
Flyover: A Repayment Protocol for Fast Bitcoin Transfers over Federated Pegs

As the number of blockchain projects grows, efficient cross-chain interoperability becomes more necessary. A common cross-chain protocol is the two-way peg, which is typically used to transfer assets between blockchains and their sidechains. The criticality of cross-chain protocols require that they are designed with strong security models, which can reduce usability in the form of long transfer times. In this paper, we present Flyover, a repayment protocol to speed up the transfer of bitcoins over federated pegs by allowing untrusted liquidity providers to advance funds for the users. Transfer times are reduced because liquidity providers do not have the same security requirements as the underlying cross-chain protocol. We illustrate the Flyover protocol on the cross-chain interoperability protocol that connects Bitcoin to the RSK sidechain and show how Flyover can reduce transfer times without reducing security. In addition to this, Flyover extends the cross-chain protocol by allowing liquidity providers to make smart contract calls on RSK on behalf of the user.
Application of per-pixel and sub-pixel unmixing methods on ASTER images to map hydrothermal alterations in a highly metamorphosed terrain: a case of the Musina copper deposit field

Abstract This study focuses on mapping hydrothermal alterations in Musina Copper Deposit Field which is characterized by unique concentric zonation of hydrothermal alterations from an outer zone of sericitization (phyllic) followed by inward zones of chloritization and epidotization (propylitic). Per-pixel and mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF) sub-pixel unmixing methods were applied on ASTER data to map hydrothermal alterations. False colour composite (FCC) generated from combination of propylitic, phyllic and host rock index was effective in delineating alteration zones. The spatial distribution of alteration group minerals: chlorite–epidote and sericite–muscovite from MTMF classification correspond with their associated alteration zones. Correlation coefficient (R 2) was utilized to assess accuracy of the results by comparing MF scores of alteration minerals with copper concentrations. R 2 was 0.78 for chlorite–epidote and 0.69 for sericite– muscovite. Copper concentration levels increase towards chlorite–epidote region which represents the inward propylitic zone. Following the geometry and alteration zonation, follow-up targets were generated.
The convex function determined by a multifunction

We shall show how each multifunction on a Banach space determines a convex function that gives a considerable amount of information about the structure of the multifunction. Using standard results on convex functions and a standard minimax theorem, we strengthen known results on the local boundedness of a monotone operator, and the convexity of the interior and closure of the domain of a maximal monotone operator. In addition, we prove that any point surrounded by (in a sense made precise) the convex hull of the domain of a maximal monotone operator is automatically in the interior of the domain, thus settling an open problem.