Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content and quality: Interpretation-based estimation of image quality

Test image contents affect subjective image-quality evaluations. Psychometric methods might show that contents have an influence on image quality, but they do not tell what this influence is like, i.e., how the contents influence image quality. To obtain a holistic description of subjective image quality, we have used an interpretation-based quality (IBQ) estimation approach, which combines qualitative and quantitative methodology. The method enables simultaneous examination of psychometric results and the subjective meanings related to the perceived image-quality changes. In this way, the relationship between subjective feature detection, subjective preferences, and interpretations are revealed. We report a study that shows that different impressions are conveyed in five test image contents after similar sharpness variations. Thirty naïve observers classified and freely described the images after which magnitude estimation was used to verify that they distinguished the changes in the images. The data suggest that in the case of high image quality, the test image selection is crucial. If subjective evaluation is limited only to technical defects in test images, important subjective information of image-quality experience is lost. The approach described here can be used to examine image quality and it will help image scientists to evaluate their test images.
Lessons from the private finance initiative in the UK

Purpose – This paper summarises the main research findings from a detailed, qualitative set of structured interviews and case studies of private finance initiative (PFI) schemes in the UK, which involve the construction of built facilities. The research, which was funded by the Foundation for the Built Environment, examines the emergence of PFI in the UK. Benefits and problems in the PFI process are investigated. Best practice, the key critical factors for success, and lessons for the future are also analysed.Design/methodology/approach – The research is based around 11 semi‐structured interviews conducted with stakeholders in key PFI projects in the UK.Findings – The research demonstrates that value for money and risk transfer are key success criteria. High procurement and transaction costs are a feature of PFI projects, and the large‐scale nature of PFI projects frequently acts as barrier to entry.Research limitations/implications – The research is based on a limited number of in‐depth case study interv.
Modeling and sliding mode control of a single-link flexible robot to reduce the transient response

In many applications, the use of slender and light flexible structures has increased due to the requirement of more efficient structures. One objective of this work is to generate a model of a single-link flexible robot, which includes rotational actuator, piezoelectric actuators, different kind of sensors, acceleration and deformation. The model is obtained under a classical mechanics approach: Lagrange Euler energy balance. The dynamics of the actuators is also included. Some parts of the resulting model are calculated using symbolic programming software, where as other are implemented and calculated dynamically during simulation. The resulting model is simulated in Matlab Simulink. The second objective is to develop an active vibration sliding mode controller (AVSMC) which include an observer to get an estimation of the rate of change flexible variable. The boundary values required for the implementation of the AVSMC are obtained from the formulated model. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Wage Movements in the Labor Market Equilibrium Hypothesis

The view that aggregate monetary and fiscal policies cannot affect unemployment in the long run is now accepted by both academic economists and public officials. ' Some academics were convinced early on that demand management policies must have a neutral effect on real activity on the grounds that money illusion could not persist indefinitely. Other academics and many public officials were finally convinced when the predictions that continued reflationary policies must ultimately produce a permanently higher inflation rate without any reduction in unemployment were verified by the experience of the 1970s. This remarkable post-Keynesian revolution has led to a flurry of new research activity aimed at building macroeconomic models that are consistent with "the facts". Many of these models assume that markets, including labour markets, clear rapidly, standing the Phillips Curve relating price or wage changes to unemployment on its head. They posit that unemployment is determined by the discrepancy between expected future wages and prices and current wages and prices and reflects variations in the supply of labour.2 This influential interpretation of unemployment as the intertemporal substitution of leisure was first offered by Lucas and Rapping (1970) and Lucas (1973). Its importance is twofold. First, it offers a convenient and tractable analytical mechanism for constructing models that incorporate unemployment and inflation and are consistent with the proposition that aggregate government policy ultimately does not affect the level of resource utilization. Second, a serious labour market hypothesis must explain the key fact that employment moves cyclically and in a strong negative relationship with movements in the percentage of persons who say they would like to work but do not have jobs. The interpretation of employment fluctuations as the result of demand shifts up a short-run labour supply curve that is very elastic because of intertemporal substitution offers a potential explanation for this key fact while simultaneously maintaining that labour supply and demand are continuously equal. Unemployment is then interpreted as a measure of the labour supply that would be forthcoming at the expected future wage relative to the labour supply that is forthcoming at the actual wage. The implication is that, if the long-run supply curve of labour is taken to be inelastic, then movements in unemployment and labour supply are interchangeable (after suitable normalization). This convenient analytical interpretation of unemployment is at complete odds with the conventional Keynesian view. In the latter, unemployment represents quantity constraints on labour supply that offer the possibility for mutually beneficial trades for workers and employers. It is this promise of increased resource utilization and its implied increase in the welfare of workers whose offers of labour supply have been frustrated that provides the basis for Keynesian policy activism. The widely held view that aggregate monetary and fiscal
Transfer learning in ongoing and newly acquired components of multiunit chains: US nursing homes, 1991-1997

Multiunit chains proliferated rapidly during the twentieth century and now dominate much of the service sector landscape, often growing by acquiring components from other owners. Transfer learning plays a central but only partially understood role in chain strategy, in both ongoing and newly acquired components. Multiunit chains gain potential benefits of reliability and accountability when they standardize activities by transferring capabilities among their components. Moreover, with the importance of acquisition in chain growth, transfer learning plays a key role both in bringing the activities of newly acquired components in line with others in the chain, as well as offering the potential to infuse new capabilities into established units of a chain. We develop a model of chain-to-component and component-to-chain transfer learning in which the levels and similarity of a chain and its components' capabilities have direct and interactive effects on transfer learning across the ongoing and newly acquired components. We test the model using data on changes in capabilities at the facilities of all federally registered nursing home chains operating in the United States between 1991 and 1997. In contrast to past research in the learning curve tradition that uses changes in performance to infer how transfer learning influences components' capabilities, we operationalize transfer learning by measuring changes in service characteristics that lie closer to the underlying capabilities themselves. Our findings suggest that transfer learning among a chain's components tends to be localized within its established and newly-acquired components, providing new insights into the dynamics of chain capabilities. In particular, new acquisitions commonly lead to only limited changes at a chain's established components while chains may find it difficult to bring their newly acquired components in line with chain standards. In turn, this shows that acquisitions tend to change a chain's capabilities more by changing its portfolio of components and less through diffusion of new capabilities throughout the chain. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
The East Asian Financial Crisis: Diagnosis, Remedies, Prospects

"HISTORY," JAWAHARLAL NEHRU famously observed, "is almost always written by the victors. " I Financial history, it seems, is written by the creditors. When a financial crisis arises, it is the debtors who are asked to take the blame. This is odd, since a loan agreement invariably has two parties. The failure of a loan usually represents miscalculations on both sides of the transaction or distortions in the lending process itself. The East Asian financial crisis has so far been true to form. As soon as the crisis hit in mid-1997, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which led the official international response, assigned primary responsibility to the shortcomings of East Asian capitalism, in particular, the East Asian financial markets. The IMF's principal strategy for the three countries hardest hit-Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand-was to overhaul their financial systems. The basic diagnosis was that East Asia had exposed itself to financial chaos because its financial systems were riddled by insider dealing, corruption, and weak corporate governance,
Fitting Graphical Interaction Models to Multivariate Time Series

Graphical interaction models have become an important tool for analysing multivariate time series. In these models, the interrelationships among the components of a time series are described by undirected graphs in which the vertices depict the components while the edges indictate possible dependencies between the components. Current methods for the identification of the graphical structure are based on nonparametric spectral estimation, which prevents application of common model selection strategies. In this paper, we present a parametric approach for graphical interaction modelling of multivariate stationary time series. The proposed models generalize covariance selection models to the time series setting and are formulated in terms of inverse covariances. We show that these models correspond to vector autoregressive models under conditional independence constraints encoded by undirected graphs. Furthermore, we discuss maximum likelihood estimation based on Whittle's approximation to the log-likelihood function and propose an iterative method for solving the resulting likelihood equations. The concepts are illustrated by an example.
The Effect of Intravenous Lidocaine on Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common neuralgia. Its therapeutic approach is challenging as the first line treatment often does not help, or even causes intolerable side effects. The aim of our randomized double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study was to investigate in a prospective way the effect of lidocaine in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Twenty patients met our inclusion criteria and completed the study. Each patient underwent four weekly sessions, two of which were with lidocaine (5 mgs/kg) and two with placebo infusions administered over 60 minutes. Intravenous lidocaine was superior regarding the reduction of the intensity of pain, the allodynia, and the hyperalgesia compared to placebo. Moreover, contrary to placebo, lidocaine managed to maintain its therapeutic results for the first 24 hours after intravenous infusion. Although, intravenous lidocaine is not a first line treatment, when first line medications fail to help, pain specialists may try it as an add-on treatment. This trial is registered with NCT01955967.
Replica Exchange Improves Sampling in Low-Resolution Docking Stage of RosettaDock

Many protein-protein docking protocols are based on a shotgun approach, in which thousands of independent random-start trajectories minimize the rigid-body degrees of freedom. Another strategy is enumerative sampling as used in ZDOCK. Here, we introduce an alternative strategy, ReplicaDock, using a small number of long trajectories of temperature replica exchange. We compare replica exchange sampling as low-resolution stage of RosettaDock with RosettaDock's original shotgun sampling as well as with ZDOCK. A benchmark of 30 complexes starting from structures of the unbound binding partners shows improved performance for ReplicaDock and ZDOCK when compared to shotgun sampling at equal or less computational expense. ReplicaDock and ZDOCK consistently reach lower energies and generate significantly more near-native conformations than shotgun sampling. Accordingly, they both improve typical metrics of prediction quality of complex structures after refinement. Additionally, the refined ReplicaDock ensembles reach significantly lower interface energies and many previously hidden features of the docking energy landscape become visible when ReplicaDock is applied.
Modeling and Simulation of Three to Nine Phase Using Special Transformer Connection

Three phase supply is available in the generating station or grid, were as nine phase supply is required for many industrial applications such as, aerospace, railway and automobile applications. There are different methods in which we can convert 3 to 9 phase using 18-Pulse Converter, Carrier Based PWM Technique, multilevel converter and Multiphase Transformer. The above said methods which are more complicated to design for higher ratings or a pure sine wave will not be obtained or harmonics will be more. For Multiphase power transmission system multiphase transformers are needed. In the multiphase power transmission and multiphase rectifier systems, the number of phase can be designed and developed in multiples of three. Therefore, the variable speed multiphase drive system considered in the literature are mostly of five, seven, nine, eleven, twelve, and fifteen phase. So, there is a need to design and develop special transformer which converts from 3 to 9 phase for different arrangement of input and output. Thus, with the proposed technique, a pure nine-phase sine-wave of fixed voltage/current and frequency is obtained, which can be used for RL load and motor testing purposes. Complete design and simulation of the proposed solution is presented. Analytical calculation and simulation results for RL load is presented in the paper. This model can be simulated by using Orcad simulation software and "SIMPOWERSYSTEMS" block sets of MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Towards a Theory of Re Blockinective Programming Languages (extended Abstract)

This paper attempts to develop a better theoretical understanding of re ective systems. We begin by a developing a re ective extension of the v -calculus and de ne a simple operational semantics for it based on the in nite tower model described in [10]. We then develop an equational logic from this semantics. The resulting logic is shown to be weak because of re ective properties. We establish properties about this logic and show that it corresponds to the operational semantics.
Brand relationship: A new perspective on brand crisis management

Based on the nature of brand relationship, it's a new perspective on brand crisis management to explore what kind of impacts the interactive relationship between consumers and brands would have on brand crisis. From the perspective of brand relationship, this paper defines brand as a state of the severe distortion and even temporary or permanent dissolution of brand relationship caused by widely spread negative incidents and puts forward an idea that brand crisis is a dynamic and evolutionary process which may be divided into three circulating phases: latency, outbreak and recovery. Brand relationship quality (BRQ) may be evaluated to judge which phase brand crisis is in, thus helping corporations accurately identify brand crisis, scientifically prevent and cope with crisis, better learn about crisis, and reduce the losses to the lowest.
Fluid-structure interaction in the aortic heart valve

Methods In modeling fluid-structure interaction, the fluid domain is most conveniently described with respect to an Eulerian reference frame while a Lagrangian formulation is more appropriate for the structure domain. However, these formulations are incompatible. A solution to this problem is the use of an Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) formulation. It involves a continuous adaptation of the fluid mesh without modifying its topology. This method is used to describe the expansion of the aortic wall caused by internal fluid pressures. However, with respect to the large leaflet motion within the computational fluid domain it is generally difficult, if not impossible, to adapt the fluid mesh in such a way that a proper mesh quality is maintained without changing the topology. Alternatively, remeshing can be performed, either continuously, using a Lagrangian formulation, or in conjunction with an ALE formulation, where remeshing is performed if the mesh quality has degenerated too much. Remeshing, however, not only introduces artificial diffusivity, it also may be difficult to perform with sufficient robustness and accuracy for three-dimensional problems. To solve this problem a Fictitious Domain method is used where the fluid is described in an Eulerian setting, and the structure in a Lagrangian setting, allowing the use of commercial available software. The method is based on the imposition of velocity constraints associated with moving internal boundaries by means of Lagrange multipliers. Results The method of Fictitious Domain (FD) has been tested on a two-dimensional model of the aortic valve [3]. The model has been validated experimentally using Laser Doppler Anemometry and digitized High-Speed video recordings to visualize the fluid flow and leaflet motion in corresponding geometries. Results show that both the fluid and leaflet behavior are well predicted for a different range of leaflet thickness. The implementation towards three-dimensional valve models of flexible leaflets within a compliant aortic root, using this new combined FD/ALE technique, is currently under investigation.
A Comparative Analysis of Three Replicated Experiments Comparing Inspection and Unit Testing

Code inspections and structural unit testing are two common defect detection methods in software development. This paper analyzes three replications of an experiment aimed at comparing which method finds more defects. The first two experiments use the same experimental design and materials, including the programs to be inspected or tested, while the third experiment replaces the programs with code for embedded systems. Participants are a mixture of graduate and undergraduate students. Our analysis shows that both the differences in the instrumentation and the between-experiment participants themselves were larger than the differences between inspection versus unit testing, especially in terms of the time to complete the tasks.
School Leadership for Authentic Family and Community Partnerships: Research Perspectives for Transforming Practice.

List of Tables Foreword by George Theoharis Acknowledgements PART I. LEADERSHIP FOR PARTNERSHIPS: DELINEATING THE FIELD Chapter 1. Introduction: Why Leadership for Partnerships? Susan Auerbach Chapter 2. Edging In: Locating a Focus on School-Family-Community Partnerships within the Scholarship of Educational Leadership Carolyn Riehl Chapter 3. Conceptualizing Leadership for Authentic Partnerships: A Continuum to Inspire Practice Susan Auerbach PART II. LEADING PARTNERSHIPS ACROSS DIFFERENCE: NAVIGATING RACE, CLASS, CULTURE, AND POWER Chapter 4. Enlisting Collective Help: Urban Principals' Encouragement of Parent Participation in School Decision-Making John Rogers, Rhoda Freelon, Veronica Terriquez Chapter 5. Advocacy-based Partnerships, Special Education, and African American Families: Resisting the Politics of Containment April Ruffin-Adams and Camille M. Wilson Chapter 6. Authentic Engagement with Bicultural Parents and Communities: The Role of School Leaders Edward M. Olivos PART III. LEADING PARTNERSHIPS THROUGH POLICY AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT Chapter 7. Policy Aspirations and Dilemmas of Implementation: Leadership for Partnerships in Ontario, Canada Joseph Flessa and Helene Gregoire Chapter 8. Creating Organizational Cultures of Family and Community Engagement: The Impact of District Policies and Practices on School Leaders Molly F. Gordon Chapter 9. Parents as Action Learners and Leaders: Lessons for Administrators in Working with Families and Intermediary Organizations Janet H. Chrispeels Chapter 10. Supporting Teacher Leadership for Partnerships: A Case Study of the School-Community Partnership Process Catherine M. Hands PART IV. NEW CONTEXTS AND CHALLENGES IN LEADERSHIP FOR PARTNERSHIPS Chapter 11. Target, Strategic Partner, Critical Friend? Relationships between School Leaders and Community Organizing Groups Sara McAlister, Heinrich Mintrop, Seenae Chong, and Michelle Renee Chapter 12. Dynamics of Parent Involvement in Urban Charter Schools: Parents' Perceptions, Principals' Expectations, and Student Achievement Marc L. Stein, Ellen Goldring, and Claire Smrekar Chapter 13. Conversations with Community-Oriented Educational Leaders Susan Auerbach Chapter 14. Conclusion Susan Auerbach Notes on the Contributors Index
The Interplay between the Hippocampus and Amygdala in Regulating Aberrant Hippocampal Neurogenesis during Protracted Abstinence from Alcohol Dependence

The development of alcohol dependence involves elevated anxiety, low mood, and increased sensitivity to stress, collectively labeled negative affect. Particularly interesting is the recent accumulating evidence that sensitized extrahypothalamic stress systems [e.g., hyperglutamatergic activity, blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormonal levels, altered corticotropin-releasing factor signaling, and altered glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the extended amygdala] are evident in withdrawn dependent rats, supporting the hypothesis that pathological neuroadaptations in the extended amygdala contribute to the negative affective state. Notably, hippocampal neurotoxicity observed as aberrant dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis (neurogenesis is a process where neural stem cells in the adult hippocampal subgranular zone generate DG granule cell neurons) and DG neurodegeneration are observed in withdrawn dependent rats. These correlations between withdrawal and aberrant neurogenesis in dependent rats suggest that alterations in the DG could be hypothesized to be due to compromised HPA axis activity and associated hyperglutamatergic activity originating from the basolateral amygdala in withdrawn dependent rats. This review discusses a possible link between the neuroadaptations in the extended amygdala stress systems and the resulting pathological plasticity that could facilitate recruitment of new emotional memory circuits in the hippocampus as a function of aberrant DG neurogenesis.