Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermally induced photoluminescence quenching centre in hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxynitride

The effect of thermal annealing on the photoluminescence around 2.2-2.9 eV in hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxynitride films was investigated. The luminescence intensity increases monotonically with an increase in the annealing temperature for the samples with lower nitrogen contents (N/O=0.06, 0.10 and 0.12). It shows a similar increase up to 500 °C, while it decreases abruptly above 500 °C for the samples with higher nitrogen contents (N/O=0.14 and 0.18). The density of silicon dangling bonds depends on the annealing temperature in a manner opposite to that of the luminescence intensity in all the temperature region. Based on this correlation, it is thought that the silicon dangling bonds act as the quenching centre. Infrared absorption spectroscopy indicated that the precursor of silicon dangling bonds was the Si-H bond. Hydrogen was released at temperatures above 500 °C from Si-H bonds, resulting in a large number of silicon dangling bonds that quench the luminescence.
Shortest connection networks and some generalizations

The basic problem considered is that of interconnecting a given set of terminals with a shortest possible network of direct links. Simple and practical procedures are given for solving this problem both graphically and computationally. It develops that these procedures also provide solutions for a much broader class of problems, containing other examples of practical interest.
Communication in a three-layered conducting media with a vertical magnetic dipole

The problem of communication in the sea has been considered by many writers. They regarded the sea as a two-layered media, and the bottom of the sea has not been included. However, the effect of the sea bottom cannot be neglected in some situations, for example in the case of a low frequency, a shallow sea, and the access of a transmitter or receiver to the sea bottom. The effect of the sea bottom on radio wave propagation is ascertained theoretically, and it will act as an important part in such cases. Considering a three-layered sea, the multipath reflection and multilateral waves that cannot be generated in a two-layered media are obtained.
Competition between pattern reconstruction and sequence processing in nonsymmetric neural networks

The authors study an Ising spin neural network model in which the interaction matrix consists of a symmetric Hebbian term (which favours the reconstruction of static patterns) and a nonsymmetric transition term (which favours limit cycles corresponding to the processing of pattern sequences). They calculate phase diagrams and analyse the relation between the relative weight of the two competing contributions to the interaction matrix and the frequency of the periodic attractors.
Experimental studies of the Franz-Keldysh effect in CVD grown GeSi epi on SOI

Electroabsorption from GeSi on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is expected to have promising potential for optical modulation due to its low power consumption, small footprint, and more importantly, wide spectral bandwidth for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) applications. Germanium, as a bulk crystal, has a sharp absorption edge with a strong coefficient at the direct band gap close to the C-band wavelength. Unfortunately, when integrated onto Silicon, or when alloyed with dilute Si for blueshifting to the C-band operation, this strong Franz-Keldysh (FK) effect in bulk Ge is expected to degrade. Here, we report experimental results for GeSi epi when grown under a variety of conditions such as different Si alloy content, under selective versus non selective growth modes for both Silicon and SOI substrates. We compare the measured FK effect to the bulk Ge material. Reduced pressure CVD growth of GeSi heteroepitaxy with various Si content was studied by different characterization tools: X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Hall measurement and optical transmission/absorption to analyze performance for 1550 nm operation. State-of-the-art GeSi epi with low defect density and low root-mean-square (RMS) roughness were fabricated into pin diodes and tested in a surface-normal geometry. They exhibit low dark current density of 5 mA/cm2 at 1V reverse bias with breakdown voltages of 45 Volts. Strong electroabsorption was observed in our GeSi alloy with 0.6% Si content having maximum absorption contrast of Δα/α ~5 at 1580 nm at 75 kV/cm.
Magnetic storm ring current injection modeled with the Rice Convection Model and a self‐consistent magnetic field

We simulate plasma transport from the plasma sheet to the ring current, for the first time including the feedback effect of the drifting particles on both the electric and magnetic fields. Results suggest that strong, steady adiabatic convection throughout the middle plasma sheet leads to a highly stretched inner plasma sheet, but no ring current particle flux increases. We subsequently impose a substantial reduction of the specific entropy PV5/3 near midnight outside 10 RE, where P is particle pressure and V = ∫ds/B is flux tube volume. This produces a strong enhancement of the asymmetric ring current, which becomes symmetric when the pressure depletion and strong convection are quelled. We suggest that a reduction of the specific entropy in a region of the inner plasma sheet, apparently by some process that violates the assumption of adiabatic drift, plays a major role in the injection of a storm‐time ring current.
THE CHEMICAL AGE OF THE BOK GLOBULE CB238

The Bok globule CB238 has been investigated in 13CO (220.4 GHz), C18O (109.7 GHz), CS (97.9 and 146.7 GHz), and SO (99.3 GHz) lines, and mapped with half-power beamwidths of 11″, 22″, 38″, 16″, and 36″, respectively. The two dense cores previously found in NH3 are presently confirmed in CS. The cores exhibit similar physical and chemical characteristics. The lack of outflows, the limited chemical content, and the very modest depletion in the ammonia cores provide evidence that CB238 is not an evolved object. Molecular abundances and density ratios constrain chemical modeling whose results provide a chemical age close to the free-fall timescale.
Sensitive reflection high‐energy electron diffraction measurement of the local misorientation of vicinal GaAs surfaces

Reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is used to determine the local misorientation of vicinal, molecular beam epitaxy prepared GaAs surfaces. With the glancing angle of incidence fixed, the intensity along the (00) streak is measured for different crystal azimuths. The specular beam is observed to split by an amount that depends upon the scattering geometry and surface misorientation. The method is applied to surfaces misoriented with respect to low‐index bulk planes by an average polar angle of 2°, 1°, and 5 mrad. Local polar and azimuthal misorientations were determined to within 5% and 10°, respectively. The measurement shows that an important mechanism responsible for RHEED streaks is diffraction from ordered staircase steps.
An Investigation of Interview Method, Threat and Response Distortion

Abstract This validation study examined the joint effects of question threat and method of administration on response distortion using four interviewing techniques. The level of threat was varied by asking questions about library card ownership, voting, bankruptcy involvement, and having been charged with drunken driving. The results indicated that response distortion increased sharply as threat increased. None of the data methods was clearly superior to all other methods for all types of threatening questions. Randomized response gave the lowest distortion on questions about socially undesirable acts, but even with this procedure there was still a 35 percent understatement of drunken driving.
A CONCEPTUAL PAPER OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT IN SABAH

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to investigate the link between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial education in relation to entrepreneurial intention. The unemployment rate in Sabah continue to rise from 5.8% (2020) to 8.0% (2022), where the unemployment rate increased by 2.2% between 2020 and 2021. By 2024, there may be a quarter of a million youngsters unemployed in Sabah, according to the Sabah and Labuan Skills Training Centre-National Dual Training System Association. The study uses quantitative approach in this investigation. The theory planned behaviour (TPB) that connected the relationship between entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial education, and entrepreneurial intention served as the foundation for this study. The selected respondents are final-year students who have taken an entrepreneurship course as part of their studies. A convenience sampling will be use in this study to collect data from respondents using a survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire will be distributed to respondents via online Google forms. The data generated from the sample will be transcribed and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Smart PLS 4. Previous findings shows that there is positive relationship between entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention. The sub-dimension for entrepreneurial passion is based on inventing, founding and developing. The research findings have implication for academics of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship central, program evaluators, government agency and policymakers.
Energy-time relations in a room with an electroacoustic system

This paper presents an extended diffuse field model for estimating the energy-time relationships in a room with an electroacoustic system. Discrete-time room impulse responses are used with a direct sound pulse and an exponentially weighted white-noise sequence modeling the reverberation tail. Transducer directivities and electronic finite impulse response (FIR) filters are included as model parameters. It is shown that the convolution of two exponentially weighted noise sequences is expressed as t exp(−δt). Early and total energy levels can easily be estimated and it is demonstrated that when direct sound components are omitted, this impulse response model results in the classical value of total energy supplied to a room by an electroacoustic system with feedback. Comparisons of such estimates with measurements in an auditorium with a single electroacoustic channel are presented. Four configurations were examined, including close and far microphone positions, combined with a single electronic delay or an FIR filter pattern. In the 500-Hz and 1-kHz octave bands, the early energy contribution from the electroacoustic channel spanned a 15-dB range. Predictions were reasonable, coming within 2 dB of the measured values for all four configurations.This paper presents an extended diffuse field model for estimating the energy-time relationships in a room with an electroacoustic system. Discrete-time room impulse responses are used with a direct sound pulse and an exponentially weighted white-noise sequence modeling the reverberation tail. Transducer directivities and electronic finite impulse response (FIR) filters are included as model parameters. It is shown that the convolution of two exponentially weighted noise sequences is expressed as t exp(−δt). Early and total energy levels can easily be estimated and it is demonstrated that when direct sound components are omitted, this impulse response model results in the classical value of total energy supplied to a room by an electroacoustic system with feedback. Comparisons of such estimates with measurements in an auditorium with a single electroacoustic channel are presented. Four configurations were examined, including close and far microphone positions, combined with a single electronic delay or an.
An iterative bem for the cauchy steady state heat conduction problem in an anisotropic medium with unknown thermal conductivity tensor

In this paper we propose an alternating iterative boundary element method (BEM) to simultaneously predict the unknown conductivity coefficients and the unknown boundary data for a Cauchy steady state heat conduction problem in an anisotropic medium. This complex ill-posed problem is obtained by combining a Cauchy inverse thermal problem with a parameter estimation problem. The numerical algorithm is based on an iterative (BEM) combined with a least squares technique. The numerical results obtained confirm that provided that an appropriate stopping regularization criterion is imposed, the iterative BEM produces a convergent and stable numerical solution with respect to increasing the number of boundary elements and decreasing the amount of noise added into the input data. An efficient stopping regularization criterion to cease the iterative process is proposed and a variable relaxation factor is used to increase the rate of convergence of the algorithm.
Growth faltering capital flight: Empirical evidence from Turkey

Capital flight from Turkey throughout the last few decades is one of the major policy concerns for the development prospects of the economy. Several studies address the issue of capital flight from Turkey, but there is no significant study that examines its impact on the economic growth of the economy. The study investigates the effect of capital flight from Turkey on its economic growth during 1981-2019. It measures the extent of capital flight from Turkey adopting the World Bank’s residual method and examines its growth effect in a setting of Barro’s growth model. The study employs the Johansen cointegration approach to determine whether there exists an association between flight capital and the output growth of Turkey in the long run. The study results support the view that the flight of capital from Turkey deteriorates the country’s output growth in the long run. It implies that the government should adopt policies to reduce capital flight, increase domestic investment, and stimulate economic growth. IIUC Business Review Vol. 9, Dec. 2020 pp. 9-26
A METHOD TO CALCULATE BIFURCATIONS IN SYNAPTICALLY COUPLED HODGKIN–HUXLEY EQUATIONS

We propose a numerical method for calculating bifurcations of periodic solutions observed in a model equation of Hodgkin–Huxley neurons coupled by excitatory synapses with a time delay. To illustrate the validity of the method, bifurcations in two-coupled Hodgkin–Huxley equations with variation of a coupling coefficient and time delay are studied.
Petrophysical Evaluation of Reservoirs of the X-Field, offshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Understanding reservoir quality is very fundamental in the development of an oil and gas field. This study was aimed at evaluating the distribution of petrophysical properties across the X-field. Wireline log for four wells were critically investigated and five reservoir sand units were defined. Computations were made for parameters such as volume of shale, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, density porosity and permeability using exiting principles and equations. Results revealed that most of the reservoir units had volume of shale values not significant enough to hinder primary recovery of hydrocarbon except for RES 05 in well 01, and RES 01, RES 02, and RES05 in well 02 which exhibit a volume of shale higher than 0.55. Water saturation values discloses that RES 01 and RES 03 in well 01, and RES 03 in well 05 are areas of interest because they exhibit a high hydrocarbon saturation. Majority of the reservoirs displays a good to excellent porosity values except for well RES 05 in well 03 which is negligible. Likewise, permeability values ranging from 2.36 -735.79mD. The reservoirs were seen to thin out in a basin ward direction which needs to be considered in making field decisions.
Measurement and Modeling of Propeller Cavitation in Uniform Inflow

An experimental and theoretical investigation on a cavitating propeller in uniform inflow is presented. Flow field investigations by advanced imaging techniques are used to extract quantitative information on the cavity extension. A refined map of the propeller cavitating behavior is established. Measurements are compared to numerical results obtained using an inviscid flow boundary element method for the analysis of blade partial sheet cavitation and supercavitation. The effect of the trailing wake vorticity on the prediction of the cavitation pattern is analyzed via a wake alignment technique
GUIDED WAVE PROPAGATION IN SOLID STRUCTURES OF ARBITRARY CROSS‐SECTION COUPLED TO INFINITE MEDIA

Semi‐Analytical Finite Element (SAFE) method has been proved to be effective in calculating wave propagation in a waveguide of arbitrary cross‐section. However, the conventional SAFE method is not suitable for waveguides coupled to unbounded domain. In this paper, infinite elements are introduced into the SAFE method to analyze the dispersion curves for structures embedded in infinite media. Special shape functions are constructed in the infinite elements to make wave displacements and stresses decay with dimension. The effectiveness of the infinite element based absorbing boundary is illustrated with examples.
Interspecific allometric scaling in
 eDNA
 production among northwestern Atlantic bony fishes reflects physiological allometric scaling

Relating environmental DNA (eDNA) signal strength to organism abundance requires a fundamental understanding of eDNA production. A number of studies have demonstrated that eDNA production may scale allometrically— that is, larger organisms tend to exhibit lower mass- specific eDNA production rates, likely due to allometric scaling in key processes related to eDNA production (e.g., surface area, excretion/egestion). While most previous studies have examined intraspecific allometry, physiological rates and organism surface area also scale allometrically across species. We therefore hypothesize that eDNA production will similarly exhibit interspecific allometric scaling. To evaluate this hypothesis
Supernovae and gamma-ray bursts†

The observed properties of Supernovae (SNe) and Cosmic Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are briefly summarized. Measurement of SNe distances in cosmology gives important results. It is explained how the acceleration of expansion of Universe was established using SNe. I point out which features of gaseous Supernova Remnants and GRBs (and their afterglows) are common and what is different in those events.
An Efficient Joint Subcarrier Pairing and Resource Allocation for Multi-Relay OFDM Systems

For multi-relay orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, efficient subcarrier pairing and resource allocation are significant to boost the system performance. We study the joint optimization problem of subcarrier assignment, subcarrier pairing and power allocation, to maximize the system transmission rate under a total power constraint. Many previous works formulate such a problem as a mixed integer programming problem, then transform it into a convex optimization problem by continuous relaxation and pair all the subcarriers using Hungarian method, which requires high computation complexity. In this paper, we assign each subcarrier in both hops to the relay that has the highest channel gain on that subcarrier. Since the numbers of subcarriers assigned to each relay in both hops, denoted as n1(k) and n2(k), are probably different, we first sort the subcarriers in descending order and pair the front min {n1(k),n2(k)} subcarriers assigned to each relay in sorted way, then we assign and pair the remaining subcarriers using Hungarian method. Due to the decrease of matrix dimensions when using Hungarian method, the computation complexity of the suboptimal algorithm is reduced. Simulation results show that the suboptimal algorithm provides the similar performance to that of the optimal algorithm with much lower computation complexity.
On the Optimality of Prediction‐based Selection Criteria and the Convergence Rates of Estimators

Several estimators of squared prediction error have been suggested for use in model and bandwidth selection problems. Among these are cross‐validation, generalized cross‐validation and a number of related techniques based on the residual sum of squares. For many situations with squared error loss, e.g. nonparametric smoothing, these estimators have been shown to be asymptotically optimal in the sense that in large samples the estimator minimizing the selection criterion also minimizes squared error loss. However, cross‐validation is known not to be asymptotically optimal for some `easy' location problems. We consider selection criteria based on estimators of squared prediction risk for choosing between location estimators. We show that criteria based on adjusted residual sum of squares are not asymptotically optimal for choosing between asymptotically normal location estimators that converge at rate n1/2but are when the rate of convergence is slower. We also show that leave‐one‐out cross‐validation is not asymptotically optimal for choosing between √n‐differentiable statistics but leave‐d‐out cross‐validation is optimal when d∞ at the appropriate rate.
Normative data of modified Romberg balance test for risk of fall in elderly population of Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE To generate normative data of modified Romberg balance test for the risk of fall among the elderly. METHODS The crossectional study was conducted from July 1 to December 31, 2021, and comprised healthy adults of either gender aged 60 years and above from different cities of Pakistan. The participants were screened for balance issues using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Questionnaire. All th eindividuals were subjected to the modified Romberg balance test. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS Of the 2004 participants, 1,041(51.95%) were males and 963(48.05%) were females. The overall mean age was 70.36+6.20 years and mean body mass index was 21.92+3.08kg/m2. Overall, 207(10.33%) participants passed all the 4 conditions of the modified Romberg balance test. CONCLUSIONS With increasing age, the capability to perform modified Romberg balance test decreased, increasing the chance of fall among the elderly.
Restraint deformation and corrosion protection of gold deposited aluminum mirrors for cold optics of mid-infrared instruments

We report the restraint deformation and the corrosion protection of gold deposited aluminum mirrors for mid-infrared instruments. To evaluate the deformation of the aluminum mirrors by thermal shrinkage, monitoring measurement of the surface of a mirror has been carried out in the cooling cycles from the room temperature to 100 K. The result showed that the effect of the deformation was reduced to one fourth if the mirror was screwed with spring washers. We have explored an effective way to prevent the mirror from being galvanically corroded. A number of samples have been prepared by changing the coating conditions, such as inserting an insulation layer, making a multi-layer and overcoating water blocking layer, or carrying out precision cleaning before coating. Precision cleaning before the deposition and protecting coat with SiO over the gold layer seemed to be effective in blocking corrosion of the aluminum. The SiO over-coated mirror has survived the cooling test for the mid-infrared use and approximately 1 percent decrease in the reflectance has been detected at 6-25 microns compared to gold deposited mirror without coating.
Magnetic resonance, soft and central modes in hydrogen bonded ferroelectrics and ferroelectric liquid crystals: A review

Abstract A review is given of the recent progress in the use of nqr, nmr and epr for the study of soft modes in order-disorder and displacivc type solid ferroelectrics. The study of the soft modes and symmetry recovering Goldstone modes in liquid crystalline ferroelectrics where-in contrast to solid ferroelectrics-a discrete symmetry group is broken at the phase transition temperature is as well reviewed. The evidence for central modes obtained from the dispersion of T 1 between O and 60 K Gauss in KD2FO4 NaH3(SeO3)2 and several liquid crystalline systems is discussed.