Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research progress on the effects of ketogenic diet on central nervous system diseases

Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a diet that is high in fat and low in carbohydrates, protein, and other nutrients in appropriate proportions. At present, a significant increase in the number of scientific researches has been observed, and a large number of scientific evidence shows that ketogenic diet has a certain auxiliary effect on the central nervous system. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between ketogenic foods and brain function and neurotransmitters, and introduces some clinical applications. KD not only has a good effect on the treatment of epilepsy, but also has a significant improvement effect on other nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, traumatic brain injury and others. Its mechanism of action includes anti-oxidative stress, antiinflammation, improving mitochondrial function and reducing iron homeostasis disorders. With the development of modern medicine, KD has been continuously applied to the adjuvant treatment of various diseases, and its safety and effectiveness have been further explored and studied. This article reviews the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ketogenic diet on central nervous system diseases, in order to provide reference and help for the treatment and prevention of ketogenic diet for central nervous system diseases.
Driver distraction recognition with pose-aware two-stream convolutional neural network

Distracted driving is the main factor causing traffic accidents. The traditional distracted driving behavior detection method not only ignores the influence of the driver's posture on the recognition accuracy, but also only extracts the spatial position information in the image, and cannot capture the driver's motion information related to the time feature, which leads to the detection accuracy and robustness are not satisfactory. This study aims to build a more comprehensive model to expand the application scenarios, recognition objects, and behavior types of driver behavior recognition systems. This work produced a video dataset of distracted driving behavior and built a two-stream convolutional neural network (CNN), including spatial and temporal streams. The spatial stream introduces a Pose-Image Distracted Driving Detection (PIDDD) method, The input image is a pose-image that contains the driver's attitude information, uses the Hierarchical Bilinear Pooling (HBP) model to extract the driver's static attitude information, and improves it to enhance the model's receptive field and feature extraction capabilities, The input data of the time flow is the optical flow feature map extracted from adjacent image frames, using ResNet50 to extract driver motion information. The model combines the two stream results are weighted and fused to output the classification results, and the experimental results show that the method can better identify the driver's head and arm movements, and the recognition accuracy reaches 95.49% on the GADX901 dataset, which has important application value in distracted driving behavior recognition.
A review of deep learning methods for cross-subject rapid serial visual presentation detection in World Robot Contest 2022

The rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm has garnered considerable attention in brain–computer interface (BCI) systems. Studies have focused on using cross-subject electroencephalogram data to train cross-subject RSVP detection models. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the top 5 deep learning algorithms used by various teams in the event-related potential competition of the BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022. We evaluated these algorithms on the final data set and compared their performance in cross-subject RSVP detection. The results revealed that deep learning models can achieve excellent results with appropriate training methods when applied to cross-subject detection tasks. We discussed the limitations of existing deep learning algorithms in cross-subject RSVP detection and highlighted potential research directions.
Strategic universality in the making of global guidelines for mental health

Based on interviews with members of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Guidelines for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders, this article adds empirical depth to understanding the contingent and strategic nature of universality in relation to mental health. Differently from debating whether or not mental health is global, the article outlines the people, ideas, and processes involved in making it global. Thematic analysis of interviews carried out with nine (out of 21) members of the original mhGAP GDG identified six intersecting strategies that enable the construction of universality in global mental health (GMH): 1) processes and practices of assembling expertise; 2) decisions on what counts as evidence; 3) framing cultural relativism as nihilistic; 4) the delaying of complexity to prioritize action; 5) the narration of tensions as technical rather than epistemological; and 6) the ascription of messiness to local contexts rather than to processes of standardization. Interviews showed that differently from the public-facing consensus often presented in GMH, GDG members hold contrasting and contingent understandings of the nature of universality in relation to mental health diagnoses and interventions. Thus, the universality of mental health achieved through the mhGAP Guidelines is partial and temporary, requiring continuous (re)iteration. The article uses empirical data to show nuance, complexity, and multi-dimensionality where binary thinking sometimes dominates, and to make links across arguments ‘for’ and ‘against’ global mental health.
Algorithm contest of motor imagery BCI in the World Robot Contest 2022: A survey

From August 19 to 21, 2022, the BCI Controlled Robot Contest finals in the World Robot Contest 2022 were held in Beijing, China. Fifteen teams participated in the finals in the Algorithm Contest of Motor Imagery BCI. This paper introduces the algorithms in the motor imagery (MI) classification area, describes the competition content and set, and summarizes the algorithms and results of the top five teams in the finals. First, the MI paradigm and the overview of the existing motor imagery brain–computer interface classification algorithms are introduced, followed by the introduction of the algorithms of the top five teams in the final step by step, including electroencephalography channel selection, data length selection, data preprocessing, data augmentation, classification network, training, and testing settings. Finally, the highlights and results of each algorithm are discussed.
Strengths use and deficit improvement of first-year university students: A structural model for social support and student outcomes

This study aimed to examine first-year students’ proactive behaviour towards strengths use (PBSU) and deficit improvement (PBDI), their relationship with students’ social support and essential student outcomes (student burnout, student engagement, life satisfaction, satisfaction with studies, study–course fit and intention to drop out). A sample of first-year students (N = 776; 19–20 years = 67%; female = 62%; black = 58%) from a large South African university completed the Strengths Use and Deficit Correction (SUDCO) questionnaire; the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (MBI–SS); as well as measures of present social support, engagement, satisfaction with life, person-study-course fit and intention to drop out. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relationships among the variables in the structural model using Mplus 8.6. Overall, this study’s findings show that PBSU and PBDI are significantly related, with the exception that support from parents did not predict deficit improvement and PBDI did not predict intention to drop out. The results further show that PBSU was much more strongly related to support from parents, cynicism, life satisfaction, satisfaction with studies, study-course fit and intention to drop out. In contrast, PBDI was much more strongly related to support from significant others, exhaustion and engagement. The results confirm that engaging in proactive behaviour towards strengths use and deficit improvement may result in positive student outcomes. The findings of this study suggest a need for university institutions to implement initiatives to promote social support programmes for students to leverage their strengths, creating learning environments conducive to student success.
EX VIVO GENE EDITING AND CELL THERAPY FOR HEREDITARY TYROSINEMIA TYPE 1

Background & Aims We previously demonstrated the successful use of in vivo CRISPR gene editing to delete 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) to rescue mice deficient in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), a disorder known as hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1). The goal of this study was to develop an ex vivo gene editing protocol and apply it as a cell therapy for HT1. Methods We isolated hepatocytes from wild-type (C57BL/6) and Fah-/- mice and then used an optimized electroporation protocol to deliver Hpd-targeting CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNP) into hepatocytes. Next, hepatocytes were transiently incubated in cytokine recovery media that we formulated to block apoptosis, followed by splenic injection into recipient Fah-/- mice. Results We observed robust engraftment and expansion of transplanted gene-edited hepatocytes from wild-type donors in the liver of recipient mice when transient incubation with our cytokine recovery media was used after electroporation and negligible engraftment without the media (mean 46.8% and 0.83%, respectively, p = 0.0025). Thus, the cytokine recovery media was a critical component of our electroporation protocol. When hepatocytes from Fah-/- mice were used as donors for transplantation, we observed 35% and 28% engraftment for Hpd-Cas9 RNPs and Cas9 mRNA, respectively. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and biochemical markers of liver injury normalized in both Hpd-targeting Cas9 RNP and mRNA groups independent of drug induced-inhibition of Hpd through nitisinone, indicating correction of disease indicators in Fah-/- mice. Conclusions The successful liver cell therapy for HT1 validates our protocol and, despite the known growth advantage of HT1, showcase ex vivo gene editing using electroporation in combination with liver cell therapy to cure a disease model. These advancements showcase the impacts of electroporation combined with transplantation as a cell therapy.
Hopanoid lipids promote soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis

The symbioses between leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia are well known for promoting plant growth and sustainably increasing soil nitrogen. Recent evidence indicates that hopanoids, a family of steroid-like lipids, promote Bradyrhizobium symbioses with tropical legumes. To characterize hopanoids in Bradyrhizobium symbiosis with soybean, the most economically significant Bradyrhizobium host, we validated a recently published cumate-inducible hopanoid mutant of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110, Pcu-shc::Δshc. GC-MS analysis showed that this strain does not produce hopanoids without cumate induction, and under this condition, is impaired in growth in rich medium and under osmotic, temperature, and pH stress. In planta, Pcu-shc::Δshc is an inefficient soybean symbiont with significantly lower rates of nitrogen fixation and low survival within host tissue. RNA-seq revealed that hopanoid loss reduces expression of flagellar motility and chemotaxis-related genes, further confirmed by swim plate assays, and enhances expression of genes related to nitrogen metabolism and protein secretion. These results suggest that hopanoids provide a significant fitness advantage to B. diazoefficiens in legume hosts and provide a foundation for future mechanistic studies of hopanoid function in protein secretion and motility. IMPORTANCE A major problem for global sustainability is feeding our exponentially growing human population while available arable land is decreasing, especially in areas with the greatest population growth. Harnessing the power of plant-beneficial microbes has gained attention as a potential solution, including the increasing our reliance on the symbioses of leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. This study examines the role of hopanoid lipids in the symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110, an important commercial inoculant strain, and its economically important host soybean. Our research extends our knowledge of the functions of bacterial lipids in symbiosis to an agricultural context, which may one day help improve the practical applications of plant-beneficial microbes in agriculture.
Predicting Permeation of Compounds across the Outer Membrane of P. aeruginosa Using Molecular Descriptors: Advantages and Limitations

The ability of Gram-negative pathogens to adapt and protect themselves against antibiotics is a growing threat to public health. The low permeability of the outer membrane (OM) in combination with effective multidrug efflux pumps, constitute the two main antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Though much efforts have been devoted to discover new antibiotics that can bypass these defense mechanisms, no new antibiotic classes have been introduced into clinics in the last 35 years. Models that identify specific descriptors of molecular properties and predict the likelihood that a given compound is capable of successfully permeate the OM and inhibit bacterial growth while avoiding efflux could facilitate the discovery of novel classes of antibiotics. Here we evaluate 174 molecular descriptors of 1260 antimicrobial compounds and study their correlations with antibacterial activity in Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While part of these descriptors are computed using traditional approaches based on the physicochemical properties intrinsic to the compounds, ensemble docking and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to derive additional bacterium-specific mechanistic properties. Descriptors of compound permeation across the OM were calculated using all-atom MD simulations of the compounds in different subregions of the OM model. Descriptors of interactions with efflux pumps were calculated from ensemble docking of compounds targeting specific binding pockets of MexB, the major efflux transporter of P. aeruginosa. Using these descriptors and the measured antibacterial inhibitory concentrations of compounds, we design and implement a statistical protocol to identify a subset of the molecular properties that are predictive of whether a given compound is a strong or weak permeator across the Gram-negative OM. Our results indicate that 88.4% of the compounds that show measurable antibacterial activity, follow very consistent rules of permeation, which highlight the critical role that the interaction between the compound and the OM have at predicting permeation. The remaining 11.6% of the compounds, although less predictive, are characterized by distinctive structural markers that can be used to minimize classification errors. An implementation of the permeation rules and the structural markers uncovered in our study is shown, and it demonstrates the accuracy of our approach in a set of previously unseen compounds. Taken together, our analysis sheds new light on the key molecular properties that drug candidates should have in order to be effective at OM permeation/inhibition of P. aeruginosa, and opens the gate to similar data-driven studies in other Gram-negative pathogens.
Strengths-based human resource system and organisational citizenship behaviour: Mediation by organisational support and moderation by tenure

This study explored perceived organisational support (POS) mediation and the role of organisational tenure moderation in the relationship between the perceived strengths-based human resource (HR) system and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). We collected data from 216 Chinese employees in different industries (e.g., manufacturing, energy and finance) in three waves with a time lag of two weeks (50.5% = female; mean age = 33 years; SD = 6). The results of the moderated mediation path analysis showed that POS partially positively mediates the relationship between the perceived strengths-based HR system and OCB. In addition, organisational tenure negatively moderated the direct relationship between the perceived strengths-based HR system and POS. The indirect relationship between the perceived strengthsbased HR system and OCB via POS was weaker when organisational tenure was high. This study identified mechanisms between the perceived strengths-based HR system and OCB and provides managers with valuable strategies for maximising employee OCB.
UBC13-mediated template switching promotes replication stress resistance in FBH1-deficient cells

The proper resolution of DNA damage during replication is essential for genome stability. FBH1, a UvrD, helicase plays crucial roles in the DNA damage response. FBH1 promotes double strand break formation and signaling in response to prolonged replication stress to initiate apoptosis. Human FBH1 regulates RAD51 to inhibit homologous recombination. A previous study suggested that mis-regulation of RAD51 may contribute to replication stress resistance in FBH1-deficient cells, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we provide direct evidence that RAD51 promotes replication stress resistance in FBH1-deficient cells. We demonstrate inhibition of RAD51 using the small molecule, B02, partially rescues double strand break signaling in FBH1-deficient cells. We show that inhibition of only the strand exchange activity of RAD51 rescues double strand break signaling in FBH1 knockout cells. Finally, we show that depletion of UBC13, a E2 protein that promotes RAD51-dependent template switching, rescues double strand break formation and signaling sensitizing FBH1- deficient cells to replication stress. Our results suggest FBH1 regulates template switching to promote replication stress sensitivity.
A transcription factor module mediating C2 photosynthesis

C4 photosynthesis has arisen from the ancestral C3 state in over sixty lineages of angio-sperms. It is widely accepted that an early step in C4 evolution is restriction of glycine decarboxylase activity to bundle sheath cells to generate the so-called C2 pathway. In C2 Moricandia species, changes to the cis-regulatory region controlling expression of the P-subunit of GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE (GLDP) in mesophyll cells enables this trait, but the mechanism underpinning GLDP expression in the bundle sheath is not known. We identify a MYC-MYB transcription factor module previously associated with the control of glucosinolate bio-synthesis as the basis of GLDP expression in bundle sheath cells. In C3 Arabidopsis thaliana this module drives GLDP expression in bundle sheath cells along with as yet unidentified factors driving expression in mesophyll cells. In the C2 species Moricandia arvensis, GLDP expression is lost from mesophyll cells and the MYC-MYB dependent expression in the bundle sheath is revealed. Evolution of C2 photosynthesis is thus associated with a MYC-MYB based transcriptional network already present in the C3 state. This work identifies a molecular genetic mechanism underlying the bundle sheath accumulation of glycine decarboxylase required for C2 photosynthesis and thus a foundational step in the evolution of C4 photosynthesis.
Breast health: Knowledge, behaviour and performance in a group of women living in aegean region

OZET Amac: Bu calismanin amaci, Ege bolgesinde, kentsel ve yari kentsel kesimde yasayan kadinlarin meme sagligi konusundaki davranis, bilgi, tutumlarinin saptanmasi ve meme sagligina yonelik engellerin belirlenmesidir. Yontem: 18-78 yas arasindaki toplam 363 kadina meme sagligi ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranis ozelliklerini belirlemeye yonelik bir anket formu uygulandiktan sonra elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak tanimlayici, tek ve cok degiskenli analizler ile degerlendirilmistir. Bulgular: Katilimcilarin kendi kendine meme muayenesi (KKM), klinik meme muayenesi (KMM) ve mamografi yapilma oranlari sirasiyla 61.7%, 42.7% ve 40.6% idi. Mamografi yaptiran kadinlarin ancak 48.9%’i mamografiyi onerildigi gibi duzenli araliklarla yaptirmisti. Kentsel bolgede yasayan ve calisan kadinlarda duzenli mamografi yaptirma orani daha yuksekti. Tum kadinlar incelendiginde ana bilgi kaynagi olarak televizyonun belirtildigi goruldu. Bunun yani sira, bilgi kaynagi olarak doktorlari belirten katilimcilar, tum meme kanseri tarama yontemlerini daha fazla kullaniyorlardi. Ailede meme kanseri oykusu ile mamografi uygulamasi arasinda dogrudan bir iliski vardi. Sonuc: Kadinlarin, meme sagligina yonelik tarama programlarini uygulama tutum ve davranislarinin gelistirilmesi gerekmektedir. Yetersiz ve yanlis bilgiye sahip olma meme sagliginin gelistirilmesinde onemli bir engeldir. Birinci basamakta saglik hizmeti veren saglik calisanlari basta olmak uzere tum saglik calisanlari, kadinlarin bu acidan eksiklerini gidermeye ve meme sagligini gelistirmeye yonelik cabalarini arttirmaya yogunlasmalari gerekmektedir.