Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tokamak equilibria with strong toroidal current density reversal

The equilibrium of large magnetic islands in the core of a tokamak under conditions of strong toroidal current density reversal is investigated by a new method. The method uses distinct spectral representations to describe each simply connected region as well as the containing shell geometry. This ideal conducting shell may substitute for the plasma edge region or take a virtual character representing the external equilibrium field effect. The internal equilibrium of the islands is solved within the framework of the variational moment method. Equivalent surface current densities are defined on the boundaries of the islands and on the thin containing shell, giving a straightforward formulation to the interaction between regions. The equilibrium of the island–shell system is determined by matching moments of the Dirichlet boundary conditions. Finally, the macroscopic stability against a class of tilting displacements is examined by means of an energy principle. It is found out that the up–down symmetric islands are stable to this particular perturbation and geometry but the asymmetric system presents a bifurcation in the equilibrium.
Refractive Indices of Rutile and Sphalerite

Prisms were made from single crystals of rutile and sphalerite and used in measuring the refractive indices of these materials. The measurements were made through the visible spectrum and extended to 1.5 microns in the infrared by the use of an infrared sensitive screen.The dispersion curves and the equations for the curves were determined. Values taken from the curves were found to agree moderately well with published values. The results demonstrate the high dispersion and the large birefringence of rutile. The experimental results also demonstrate the strong absorption of rutile in the violet end of the visible spectrum which accounts for the slight yellow color of rutile.
Highly purified and functionally stable in vitro expanded allospecific Tr1 cells expressing immunosuppressive graft-homing receptors as new candidates for cell therapy in solid organ transplantation

The development of new strategies based on the use of Tr1 cells has taken relevance to induce long-term tolerance, especially in the context of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Although Tr1 cells are currently identified by the co-expression of CD49b and LAG-3 and high production of interleukin 10 (IL-10), recent studies have shown the need for a more exhaustive characterization, including co-inhibitory and chemokines receptors expression, to ensure bona fide Tr1 cells to be used as cell therapy in solid organ transplantation. Moreover, the proinflammatory environment induced by the allograft could affect the suppressive function of Treg cells, therefore stability of Tr1 cells needs to be further investigated. Here, we establish a new protocol that allows long-term in vitro expansion of highly purified expanded allospecific Tr1 (Exp-allo Tr1). Our expanded Tr1 cell population becomes highly enriched in IL-10 producers (> 90%) and maintains high expression of CD49b and LAG-3, as well as the co-inhibitory receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, TIGIT and CD39. Most importantly, high dimensional analysis of Exp-allo Tr1 demonstrated a specific expression profile that distinguishes them from activated conventional T cells (T conv), showing overexpression of IL-10, CD39, CTLA-4 and LAG-3. On the other hand, Exp-allo Tr1 expressed a chemokine receptor profile relevant for allograft homing and tolerance induction including CCR2, CCR4, CCR5 and CXCR3, but lower levels of CCR7. Interestingly, Exp-allo Tr1 efficiently suppressed allospecific but not third-party T cell responses even after being expanded in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines for two extra weeks, supporting their functional stability. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that highly purified allospecific Tr1 (Allo Tr1) cells can be efficiently expanded maintaining a stable phenotype and suppressive function with homing potential to the allograft, so they may be considered as promising therapeutic tools for solid organ transplantation.
Network-Based Differences in Top–Down Multisensory Integration between Adult ADHD and Healthy Controls—A Diffusion MRI Study

Background: Attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder neurobiologically conceptualized as a network disorder in white and gray matter. A relatively new branch in ADHD research is sensory processing. Here, altered sensory processing i.e., sensory hypersensitivity, is reported, especially in the auditory domain. However, our perception is driven by a complex interplay across different sensory modalities. Our brain is specialized in binding those different sensory modalities to a unified percept—a process called multisensory integration (MI) that is mediated through fronto-temporal and fronto-parietal networks. MI has been recently described to be impaired for complex stimuli in adult patients with ADHD. The current study relates MI in adult ADHD with diffusion-weighted imaging. Connectome-based and graph-theoretic analysis was applied to investigate a possible relationship between the ability to integrate multimodal input and network-based ADHD pathophysiology. Methods: Multishell, high-angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging was performed on twenty-five patients with ADHD (six females, age: 30.08 (SD: 9.3) years) and twenty-four healthy controls (nine females; age: 26.88 (SD: 6.3) years). Structural connectome was created and graph theory was applied to investigate ADHD pathophysiology. Additionally, MI scores, i.e., the percentage of successful multisensory integration derived from the McGurk paradigm, were groupwise correlated with the structural connectome. Results: Structural connectivity was elevated in patients with ADHD in network hubs mirroring altered default-mode network activity typically reported for patients with ADHD. Compared to controls, MI was associated with higher connectivity in ADHD between Heschl’s gyrus and auditory parabelt regions along with altered fronto-temporal network integrity. Conclusion: Alterations in structural network integrity in adult ADHD can be extended to multisensory behavior. MI and the respective network integration in ADHD might represent the maturational cortical delay that extends to adulthood with respect to sensory processing.
The effects of integrating digital storytelling with metacognition strategies (DSTMC) learning model to enhance communication abilities

Communication skills are soft skills critical for students’ development in educational institutions in the digital age. This study aims to determine the feasibility and practicality of a learning model, which combines digital storytelling with a metacognitive strategy called the DSTMC model. This learning model utilized digital storytelling as a primary learning step and integrated metacognitive strategies to monitor the thinking process to improve students’ communication, such as listening, speaking, reading, writing, and presentation skills. The research was conducted through case studies at a regional, southern Thailand university. The data were collected from 30 undergraduate participants. The research instruments were expert validation, pre-/post-test data, and a self-assessment questionnaire. The study showed that the DSTMC learning model is an alternative teaching method to improve communication skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The results of students’ test scores and self-assessments provide significant evidence indicating that it increases their learning and retention of information. The paper concludes with suggestions for using various strategies and motivating activities to encourage learners’ communication proficiency. Future research should investigate the creation of a system to track how learners improve their communication skills.
Abusive Head Trauma Animal Models: Focus on Biomarkers

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a serious traumatic brain injury and the leading cause of death in children younger than 2 years. The development of experimental animal models to simulate clinical AHT cases is challenging. Several animal models have been designed to mimic the pathophysiological and behavioral changes in pediatric AHT, ranging from lissencephalic rodents to gyrencephalic piglets, lambs, and non-human primates. These models can provide helpful information for AHT, but many studies utilizing them lack consistent and rigorous characterization of brain changes and have low reproducibility of the inflicted trauma. Clinical translatability of animal models is also limited due to significant structural differences between developing infant human brains and the brains of animals, and an insufficient ability to mimic the effects of long-term degenerative diseases and to model how secondary injuries impact the development of the brain in children. Nevertheless, animal models can provide clues on biochemical effectors that mediate secondary brain injury after AHT including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen toxicity, axonal damage, and neuronal death. They also allow for investigation of the interdependency of injured neurons and analysis of the cell types involved in neuronal degeneration and malfunction. This review first focuses on the clinical challenges in diagnosing AHT and describes various biomarkers in clinical AHT cases. Then typical preclinical biomarkers such as microglia and astrocytes, reactive oxygen species, and activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in AHT are described, and the value and limitations of animal models in preclinical drug discovery for AHT are discussed.
Calculation of beamforming for the HF radar with the two-element crossed-loop/monopole antenna array

The two-element crossed-loop/monopole array, which consists of two crossed-loop/monopole antennas, is applied to the high frequency (HF) radar for monitoring the sea states. The antenna pattern equations of the two-element crossed-loop/monopole array are deduced. The HF ocean state measuring and analyzing radar (OSMAR)-SD, which uses the two-element crossed-loop/monopole array, has received sea echo successfully. The accuracy and the efficiency of the deduced formulas are analyzed and validated using the OSMAR-SD experiment data, which were collected in Zhejiang Province in August 2012, and in Fujian Province in March 2013.
Robust variations of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol against collective noise

The security of the decoherence-free version of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol [A. Cabello, Phys. Rev. A 75, 020301 (2007)] is analyzed and shown to be vulnerable under the intercept-resend attack. We propose two improved versions of this protocol. Both improvements remain the performance of robustness against collective noise and refuse the security flaw. Especially, the second improvement, which is called four-qubit decoherence-free (DF) BB84 protocol, not only remains all characteristics of the original protocol but also has a higher efficiency. We also give a detailed security proof of four-qubit DF BB84 protocol.
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves instability threshold condition of suprathermal protons by kappa distribution

[1] The well-known generalized Lorentzian (kappa) distribution generally provides a good representation for the high-energy tail population of natural cosmic suprathermal plasmas. In this study we examine the electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves (EMIC) instability driven by the temperature anisotropy condition (T⊥/T∥ > 1) of suprathermal protons modeled with a typical kappa distribution in a cold multispecies plasma (electron, H+, He+, and O+). Since the EMIC wave instability is found to be significant typically above the O+ band, we apply a linear theory to study the instability threshold condition for the He+ and H+ bands particularly around the geostationary orbit. The instability threshold condition, as in the case for a regular bi-Maxwellian, is found to follow a typical form T⊥/T∥ − 1 = S/β∥α, with higher values in the He+ band than those in the H+ band in the case of the strong wave instability owing to a lower maximum wave growth in the He+ band. As the spectral index κ increases, the instability threshold condition generally decreases and tends to the lowest limiting values of the bi-Maxwellian, since the evaluation by the bi-Maxwellian generally overestimates the maximum wave growth. The densities of the cold components (particularly protons) have impacts on the threshold condition primarily in the H+ band, with a higher density of cold protons leading to a lower value of the threshold condition. The results above may further reveal the nature of this instability threshold condition for the EMIC waves in any other space plasmas where an anisotropic suprathermal ion component and cold multicomponents are present together.
On homogeneous chaos

Abstract This paper discusses the Wiener–Itô chaos decomposition of an L2 function φ over Wiener space, and is concerned in particular with the identification of the integrands ƒn in the chaos decomposition First these are identified as Radon–Nikodým derivatives. Two elementary non-standard proofs of the Wiener–Itô chaos decomposition are given, based on Anderson's construction of Brownian motion and Itô integration.
Resonance of long waves generated by storms obliquely crossing shelf topography in a rotating ocean

The oceanic forced wave beneath a moving atmospheric disturbance is amplified by Proudman resonance. When modified by the Earth's rotation this classical resonance only occurs if the disturbance time scale is smaller than the inertial period. With or without Coriolis effects, free transients generated by storm forced waves obliquely crossing step changes in water depth at particular angles are shown to resonate by exciting a range of long barotropic free waves. Rotationally influenced slow atmospherically forced waves crossing a vertical coast at a critical angle lead to a form of subcritical resonance, which occurs only when the component of the disturbances' phase velocities along the coast matches that of a free Kelvin wave (KW). In a rotating ocean, transients generated by disturbances crossing a step at a particular angle are shown to excite a free double Kelvin wave (DKW). This new type of resonance only occurs for sufficiently large steps and disturbances with time scale greater than the inertial period. A storm crossing a step shelf can result in the excitation of an infinite set of edge waves, a single KW, a unique DKW and a first-mode continental shelf wave, depending on the topography and the disturbance time scale, translation speed and incident angle. The study of resonances and wave mode excitations generated by storms crossing a coast or a continental shelf may contribute to understanding how a particular combination of the storm characteristics can result in destructive coastal events with time scales encompassing the typical meteotsunami period band (tens of minutes) and storm surges with periods of several hours or days.
Determination of the Scalar Friction Factor for Nonspherical Particles and Aggregates Across the Entire Knudsen Number Range by Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)

The friction factor of an aerosol particle depends upon the Knudsen number (Kn), as gas molecule–particle momentum transfer occurs in the transition regime. For spheres, the friction factor can be calculated using the Stokes–Millikan equation (with the slip correction factor). However, a suitable friction factor relationship remains sought-after for nonspherical particles. We use direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) to evaluate an algebraic expression for the transition regime friction factor that is intended for application to arbitrarily shaped particles. The tested friction factor expression is derived from dimensional analysis and is analogous to Dahneke's adjusted sphere expression. In applying this expression to nonspherical objects, we argue for the use of two previously developed drag approximations in the continuum (Kn → 0) and free molecular (Kn → ∞) regimes: the Hubbard–Douglas approximation and the projected area (PA) approximation, respectively. These approximations lead to two calculable geometric parameters for any particle: the Smoluchowski radius, R S, and the projected area, PA. Dimensional analysis reveals that Kn should be calculated with PA/πR S as the normalizing length scale, and with Kn defined in this manner, traditional relationships for the slip correction factor should apply for arbitrarily shaped particles. Furthermore, with this expression, Kn-dependent parameters, such as the dynamic shape factor, are readily calculable for nonspherical objects. DSMC calculations of the orientationally averaged drag on spheres and test aggregates (dimers, and open and dense 20-mers) in the range Kn = 0.05–10 provide strong support for the proposed method for friction factor calculation in the transition regime. Experimental measurements of the drag on aggregates composed of 2–5 primary particles further agree well with DSMC results, with differences of less than 10% typically between theoretical predictions, numerical calculations, and experimental measurements. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
Robust Performance Analysis of Affine Single Parameter-dependent Systems with Polynomially Parameter-dependent Lyapunov Matrices

This paper addresses the problem of H-infinity and H-2 performance analysis of continuous-time affine single parameter-dependent systems with polynomially parameter-dependent Lyapunov matrices. First, some necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are provided using (D,G) scaling approach. Then, the results are used to deal with the problem of fixed-order H-infinity and H-2 controller design via bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) in a nonconservative way. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Indonesian Migrant Workers in Taiwan

International migrant workers contribute significantly to the economic growth of the receiving country, and yet their health, especially their mental health, has long been overlooked. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms among Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. This study used cross-sectional data from 1031 Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. Demographic, health, and living- and work-related variables, as well as depressive symptom variables assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Study on depressive symptoms scale, were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify related factors. About 15% of the Indonesian migrant workers had depressive symptoms. The significant factors associated with these symptoms were age, educational level, frequency of contact with families, self-rated health, time spent in Taiwan, region of work, satisfaction with the living environment, and freedom to go out after work. The findings thus identify target groups who are more likely than others to suffer from depressive symptoms, and we suggest appropriate approaches for devising interventions to reduce depressive symptoms. The findings of this research suggest the need for targeted approaches to reducing depressive symptoms among this population group.
The Relationship between Vascular Aging Phenotypes and Renal Damage among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vascular aging (VA) phenotypes and renal damage in type 2 diabetic population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 8,141 individuals with type 2 diabetes who participated in the Kailuan Study during 2010–2018 and completed the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) assessment for arterial stiffness, an indicator for VA. The age- and sex-specific 10th and 90th percentiles of baPWV based on a reference cohort were used as cutoffs to define supernormal VA (SUPERNOVA, baPWV<10th percentiles), normal VA (NVA, baPWV 10th to 90th percentiles), and early VA (EVA, baPWV>90th percentiles). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria levels were used to assess renal damage, including isolated proteinuria, isolated kidney function decline (eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and proteinuria combined with kidney function decline. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between VA phenotypes and diabetic kidney damage. Results: The prevalences of isolated proteinuria, isolated kidney function decline, and proteinuria combined with kidney function decline were 17.0%, 12.2%, and 5.4%, respectively. Compared with NVA, SUPERNOVA was associated with 34% lower odds (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46–0.96) of isolated proteinuria after adjusting for age, sex, and other potential confounders. EVA was associated with higher odds of all three types of kidney damage; the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 1.42 (1.20–1.67) for proteinuria, 1.24 (1.01–1.51) for kidney function decline, and 1.56 (1.18–2.06) for proteinuria combined with kidney function decline. Conclusions: VA phenotypes are associated with renal damage, especially isolated proteinuria. SUPERNOVA was associated with lower odds of isolated proteinuria and EVA was associated with higher odds of proteinuria and kidney function decline.
Survival of Testicular Pure Embryonal Carcinoma vs. Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Patients across All Stages

Background and Objectives: The impact of pure histological subtypes in testicular non-seminoma germ cell tumors on survival, specifically regarding pure embryonal carcinoma, is not well established. Therefore, this study aimed to test for differences between pure embryonal carcinoma and mixed germ cell tumor patients within stages I, II and III in a large population-based database. Materials and Methods: We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2019) to identify testicular pure embryonal carcinoma vs. mixed germ cell tumor patients. Cumulative incidence plots depicted cancer-specific mortality that represented the main endpoint of interest. Multivariable competing risks regression models tested for differences between pure embryonal carcinoma and mixed germ cell tumor patients in analyses addressing cancer-specific mortality and adjusted for other-cause mortality. Results: Of 11,223 patients, 2473 (22%) had pure embryonal carcinoma. Pure embryonal carcinoma patients exhibited lower cancer-specific mortality relative to their mixed germ cell tumor counterparts for both stage III (13.9 vs. 19.4%; p < 0.01) and stage II (0.5 vs. 3.4%, p < 0.01), but not in stage I (0.9 vs. 1.6%, p = 0.1). In multivariable competing risks regression models, pure embryonal carcinoma exhibited more favorable cancer-specific mortality than mixed germ cell tumor in stage III (hazard ratio 0.71, p = 0.01) and stage II (hazard ratio 0.11, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Pure embryonal carcinoma exhibits a more favorable cancer-specific mortality profile relative to mixed germ cell tumor in stage II and III testicular cancers. Consequently, the presence of mixed germ cell tumor elements may be interpreted as a risk factor for cancer-specific survival.
ERP AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE – CASE STUDY ON ROMANIAN COMPANIES

This study is conducted based on analysis of 397 companies from Romania. The study evaluates the impact of ERP solutions on the financial performance of companies, viewed from the perspective of the business model, in the sense of decreasing expenditures or increasing revenues and turnover. Using the Least Squares method (OLS) and the Difference in Difference model, the study results show that there is a strong correlation between the implementation of ERP solutions and the increase in turnover, respectively the decrease in revenues. The results obtained do not reveal an influence of the ERP implementation on the expenditures.