Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THREE HEAT TREATED SINGLE FILE SYSTEMS IN GUTTA-PERCHA REMOVAL USING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (AN IN VITRO STUDY)

INTRODUCTION: Absolute removal of the defective root filling material and regaining apical patency is the primary factor of endodontic retreatment success. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assessment of the ability of Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany), Reciproc blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) and the XP-endo shaper (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) thermally treated rotary files in removing of the root filling material from oval shaped canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty six extracted single canaled human mandibular premolar teeth were prepared chemo-mechanically using Revo-S rotary file system (Micro-Mega, France) and obturated. The teeth were randomly allocated into three groups (n=12 each) depending on files used in retreatment procedure as follow: Group I: Reciproc R25, Group II: Reciproc blue, Group III: XP-endo shaper. Pre and post retreatment scans were done using CBCT to calculate the volume of the remaining gutta percha by using computer software (Osirix lite). Time consumed by each file was recoded until gutta percha was completely removed. RESULTS: All used files were not able to remove the entire root filling material from the canals. No statistically significant differences (P> 0.05) in residual gutta percha were detected between the groups, the percentage of reduction was 88.87 % in (Group Ⅰ ), 92.22 % in (Group Ⅱ ), and 88.60 % in (Group Ⅲ ). The XP-endo shaper required more time with statistically significant difference than the Reciproc groups in gutta percha removal. CONCLUSION: All systems removed the root filling material from oval shaped canals effectively. Both reciproc systems were faster than XP-endo shaper in gutta percha removal.
Awareness and Confidence of Vietnamese Primary School Teachers towards STEM-Integrated Teaching Approach

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has been piloted by the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training for primary school teachers since 2022. This research aims to evaluate awareness, confidence and the correlation between those variables with the demographic factors of Vietnamese elementary school teachers after nearly a year of implementing integrated STEM teaching. This study used a questionnaire survey method consisting of 30 items on a 5-point Likert scale for 148 elementary school teachers in the Central and Central Highlands of Vietnam. Data was analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics results showed that Vietnamese elementary school teachers have good awareness but lack confidence in STEM-integrated teaching. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between teachers’ awareness, confidence, and some demographic factors (educational level, work area). The outcomes of the one-way ANOVA analysis revealed a positive correlation: increased levels of teachers’ education corresponded to heightened awareness and confidence in STEM-integrated teaching. Additionally, teachers located in urban areas demonstrated greater awareness and confidence compared to their counterparts in rural countryside and highland areas. Some recommendations to increase awareness and improve confidence in teaching STEM integration for Vietnamese elementary school teachers are presented at discuss session.
High-order control barrier function based collision avoidance formation tracking of constrained fixed-wing aircraft

In this paper, we propose a high-order control barrier function based collision avoidance formation tracking strategy for fixed-wing aircraft systems which face both the velocity and input constraints. First, a nominal formation tracking controller is developed for multiple fixed-wing aircraft subject to both velocity and input constraints. Then, to effectively achieve collision avoidance among the aircraft and between the aircraft and obstacles, novel collision avoidance conditions based on high-order control barrier functions are derived. Finally, we utilize the control barrier function based collision avoidance conditions to construct the safe formation tracking controller by formulating a local quadratic programming problem for each fixed-wing aircraft. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Spectral-spatial adaptive transformer model for hyperspectral image classification

Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) classification, with the goal of assigning an appropriate land cover label to each hyperspectral pixel, is a challenging part of hyperspectral remote sensing. Recently, convolutional neural network-based HSI classification methods have shown superior performance due to their excellent locally contextual modeling ability. However, the ability of these methods to obtain deep semantic features is limited, and the computational cost increases markedly as the number of layers increases. In this work, we propose a novel spectral–spatial adaptive transformer (SSAT) model to adapt a pre-trained model for effective HSI classification. The main architecture of SSAT is based on vision transformer, which could aggregate features at different levels. Furthermore, we have designed an adaptive encoder block including spectral adaption, spatial adaption, and joint adaptation to extract HSI features in the spectral–spatial domains. Finally, the classification map is obtained from the fully connected layer. Extensive experiments have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed SSAT compared with seven typical HSI classification methods. Results demonstrate that the key classification evaluation index overall accuracy (OA) outperforms other comparative methods by at least 2.03%. Classification maps reveal the superior visualization effect, demonstrating that SSAT is an efficient tool for HSI classification.
A Comparative Study of Different Dimensionality Reduction Techniques for Arabic Machine Translation

Word embeddings are widely deployed in a tremendous range of fundamental natural language processing applications and are also useful for generating representations of paragraphs, sentences, and documents. In some contexts involving constrained memory, it may be beneficial to reduce the size of word embeddings since they represent a core component of several natural language processing tasks. By reducing the dimensionality of word embeddings, their usefulness in memory-limited devices can be significantly improved, yielding gains in many real-world applications. This article aims to provide a comparative study of different dimensionality reduction techniques to generate efficient lower-dimensional word vectors. Based on empirical experiments carried out on the Arabic machine translation task, we found that the post-processing algorithm combined with independent component analysis provides optimal performance over the considered dimensionality reduction techniques. Therefore, we arrive at a new combination of the post-processing algorithm and dimensionality reduction (independent component analysis) techniques, which has not been investigated before. The latter was applied to both contextual and non-contextual word embeddings to reduce the size of the vectors while achieving a better translation quality than the original ones.
Hyperspectral imaging applied to YOLOv5 to identify early esophageal cancer

This study utilized 248 white light endoscopic images and 258 narrow-band endoscopic images of early-stage esophageal cancer provided by Kaohsiung Medical University. After data processing and annotation, the images underwent augmentation and hyperspectral transformation. The dataset was then divided into training and testing sets and fed into the YOLOv5 model for the detection of esophageal cancer lesions. Four models were developed to predict the location of esophageal cancer lesions: separate models for white light and narrow-band images, as well as models for RGB and hyperspectral images. The results were evaluated based on the severity of the images, categorized as normal, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). According to the analysis of Dysplasia sensitivity, the sensitivity was 70.4% for white light esophageal cancer images, 79.5% for narrow-band esophageal cancer images, 84.3% for white light hyperspectral esophageal cancer images, and 84.5% for narrow-band hyperspectral esophageal cancer images. According to the analysis of SCC sensitivity, the sensitivity was 75.8% for white light esophageal cancer images, 81.3% for narrow-band esophageal cancer images, 86.6% for white light hyperspectral esophageal cancer images, and 86.9% for narrow-band hyperspectral esophageal cancer images. The results indicated that the model performed better in detecting SCC than Dysplasia, and narrow-band images had higher accuracy compared to white light images.Regarding mAP analysis, the mAP was 72.7% for white light esophageal cancer images, 86.8% for narrow-band esophageal cancer images, 78.6% for white light hyperspectral esophageal cancer images, and 88.6% for narrow-band hyperspectral esophageal cancer images. In conclusion, hyperspectral images demonstrated higher mAP values in both white light and narrow-band settings, indicating a significant improvement in the detection of esophageal cancer lesions compared to RGB images in this study.
Adaptive Communications for Next Generation Broadband Wireless Access Systems

Un dels aspectes claus en el disseny i gestio de les xarxes sense fils d'acces de banda ampla es l'us eficient dels recursos radio. Des del punt de vista de l'operador, l'ample de banda es un be escas i preuat que s´ha d'explotar i gestionar de la forma mes eficient possible tot garantint la qualitat del servei que es vol proporcionar. Per altra banda, des del punt de vista del usuari, la qualitat del servei ofert ha de ser comparable al de les xarxes fixes, requerint aixi un baix retard i una baixa perdua de paquets per cadascun dels fluxos de dades entre la xarxa i l'usuari. Durant els darrers anys s´han desenvolupat nombroses tecniques i algoritmes amb l'objectiu d'incrementar l'eficiencia espectral. Entre aquestes tecniques destaca l'us de multiples antenes al transmissor i al receptor amb l'objectiu de transmetre diferents fluxos de dades simultaneament sense necessitat d'augmentar l'ample de banda. Per altra banda, la optimizacio conjunta de la capa d'acces al medi i la capa fisica (fent us de l'estat del canal per tal de gestionar de manera optima els recursos) tambe permet incrementar sensiblement l'eficiencia espectral del sistema.L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi es l'estudi i desenvolupament de noves tecniques d'adaptacio de l'enllac i gestio dels recursos radio aplicades sobre sistemes d'acces radio de propera generacio (Beyond 3G). Els estudis realitzats parteixen de la premissa que el transmisor coneix (parcialment) l'estat del canal i que la transmissio es realitza fent servir un esquema multiportadora amb multiples antenes al transmisor i al receptor. En aquesta tesi es presenten dues linies d'investigacio, la primera per casos d'una sola antenna a cada banda de l'enllac, i la segona en cas de multiples antenes. En el cas d'una sola antena al transmissor i al receptor, un nou esquema d'assignacio de recursos radio i prioritzacio dels paquets (scheduling) es proposat i analitzat integrant totes dues funcions sobre una mateixa entitat (cross-layer). L'esquema proposat te com a principal caracteristica la seva baixa complexitat i que permet operar amb transmissions multimedia. Alhora, posteriors millores realitzades per l'autor sobre l'esquema proposat han permes tambe reduir els requeriments de senyalitzacio i combinar de forma optima usuaris d'alta i baixa mobilitat sobre el mateix acces radio, millorant encara mes l'eficiencia espectral del sistema. En cas d'enllacos amb multiples antenes es proposa un nou esquema que combina la seleccio del conjunt optim d'antenes transmissores amb la seleccio de la codificacio espai- (frequencia-) temps. Finalment es donen una serie de recomanacions per tal de combinar totes dues linies d'investigacio, aixi con un estat de l'art de les tecniques proposades per altres autors que combinen en part la gestio dels recursos radio i els esquemes de transmissio amb multiples antenes.
Comparison of competitive balance between Iran and England football premier league

The purpose of this research was to the Comparison of competitive balance between Iran and England football premier league from 2001-2002 to 2011-2012 seasons. The five-club concentration ratio (C5) and C5 index of competitive balance (C5ICB) were used to analyze the data. The less C5ICB and more C5 are Indicative of good competitive balance, and conversely. The C5ICB results showed that premier league of Iran was bather than England premier league. As a result, Iran premier league enjoyed the good balance.
Delay Minimization of Federated Learning Over Wireless Powered Communication Networks

In this letter, we study distributed federated learning (FL) in wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs). The proposed system model ensures data privacy and energy self-sustainability of wireless (e.g., sensory, sensing or data gathering) devices involved in collaborative machine learning regardless of the specific FL algorithm. We specifically aim to minimize the total training duration of the FL process by properly allocating the communication resources (i.e., durations of energy harvesting, local processing and transmission phases, and transmit powers), the computational parameters of the EH clients (i.e. CPU frequencies) and learning parameters of their FL models (i.e. local training error threshold). We derive analytical solutions for these parameters, resulting in low complexity in implementing the proposed scheme.
Defect Detection in Food Using Multispectral and High-Definition Imaging Combined with a Newly Developed Deep Learning Model

The automatic detection of defects (cortical fibers) in pickled mustard tubers (Chinese Zhacai) remains a challenge. Moreover, few papers have discussed detection based on the segmentation of the physical characteristics of this food. In this study, we designate cortical fibers in pickled mustard as the target class, while considering the background and the edible portion of pickled mustard as other classes. We attempt to realize an automatic defect-detection system to accurately and rapidly detect cortical fibers in pickled mustard based on multiple images combined with a UNet4+ segmentation model. A multispectral sensor (MS) covering nine wavebands with a resolution of 870 × 750 pixels and an imaging speed over two frames per second and a high-definition (HD), 4096 × 3000 pixel resolution imaging system were applied to obtain MS and HD images of 200 pickled mustard tuber samples. An improved imaging fusion method was applied to fuse the MS with HD images. After image fusion and other preprocessing methods, each image contained a target; 150 images were randomly selected as the training data and 50 images as the test data. Furthermore, a segmentation model called UNet4+ was developed to detect the cortical fibers in the pickled mustard tubers. Finally, the UNet4+ model was tested on three types of datasets (MS, HD, and fusion images), and the detection results were compared based on Recall, Precision, and Dice values. Our study indicates that the model can successfully detect cortical fibers within about a 30 ± 3 ms timeframe for each type of image. Among the three types of images, the fusion images achieved the highest mean average Dice value of 73.91% for the cortical fibers. At the same time, we compared the UNet4+ model with the UNet++ and UNet3+ models using the same fusion data; the results show that our model achieved better prediction performance for the Dice values, i.e., 9.72% and 27.41% higher than those of the UNet++ and UNet3+ models, respectively.
Des problèmes dans la classification des chênes taxonomie en Europe et région méditerranéenne

Le genre Quercus presente de grandes difficultes taxonomiques car son polymorphisme eleve, a suscite, pour de tres nombreux taxons, des descriptions qui souvent resultent de methodes incertaines. En comparant, dans les principaux traites existants, la distribution et la classification des taxons du genre Quercus en Europe et dans la region mediterraneenne, on met en evidence une notable incertitude taxonomique : ceux qui, pour certains auteurs, sont des especes a propement parler, ne sont pour d'autres que des sous-especes ou varietes. Dans le present travail, nous avons realises une compilation bibliographique en cherchant a regrouper les taxons, tels qu'ils sont decrits par divers auteurs, en un nombre limite d'especes principales.
Atmospheric response to the sea surface temperature front of Kuroshio over the East China Sea under different prevailing surface winds in spring

A series of high-resolution satellite data is used to investigate the sea-air interaction around the Kuroshio sea surface temperature( SST) front area over the East China Sea under different prevailing surface winds in spring. Results show that a significant positive correlation exists between the SST and the sea surface wind speed under three different kinds of prevailing surface wind,which presents the sea-air forcing. The responses of atmosphere to the SST front over the East China Sea under three differ-ent kinds of prevailing surface wind are obviously different. Under the northwest and southeast prevailing surface winds,the wind perpendicular to the SST front moves from the colder( warmer) flank to the warmer( colder) one,sea surface wind diverges( converges) over the SST front. Meanwhile,the weak influence of the SST front on the sea level pressure( SLP),precipitation and convection indicates that the atmospheric responses to the SST front are mainly confined in the atmospheric boundary layer. Under the northeast prevailing surface wind,the sea surface wind parallel to the SST front converges( diverges) over the warmer( colder) flank of the front,corresponding to the low( high) value of SLP anomalies. An obvious rainband extends along the Kuroshio current over the East China Sea. Whether in terms of the total precipitation,or the distribution of stratiform and convective precipitation frequency,SST has the most obvious effects on the occurrence of its above rainband under the northeast prevailing sea surface wind. It is also found that different physical mechanisms are responsible for the air-sea interaction over the SST front under different prevailing surface winds. The SLP adjustment mechanism works when the northeast surface wind parallel to the SST front was prevailing,while the vertical mixing mechanism became the key factor when the northwest surface wind vertical to the SST front was prevailing.
Study of the Molecular Architectures of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic Acid Using Their Vibrational Spectra, Quantum Chemical Calculations and Molecular Docking with MMP-2 Receptor

1,2,3-triazole skeleton is a valuable building block for the discovery of new promising anticancer agents. In the present work, the molecular structure of the synthesized anticancer drug 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid (1b) and its anionic form (2b) was characterized by means of the B3LYP, M06-2X and MP2 quantum chemical methods, optimizing their monomer, cyclic dimer and stacking forms using the Gaussian16 program package. The molecular structure was found to be slightly out of plane. The good agreement between the IR and Raman bands experimentally observed in the solid state with those calculated theoretically confirms the synthesized structures. All of the bands were accurately assigned according to functional calculations (DFT) in the monomer and dimer forms, together with the polynomic scaling equation procedure (PSE). Therefore, the effect of the substituents on the triazole ring and the effect of the chlorine atom on the molecular structure and on the vibrational spectra were evaluated through comparison with its non-substituted form. Through molecular docking calculations, it was evaluated as to how molecule 1b interacts with few amino acids of the MMP-2 metalloproteinase receptor, using Sybyl-X 2.0 software. Thus, the relevance of triazole scaffolds in established hydrogen bond-type interactions was demonstrated.
AGE, GROWTH AND CONDITION OF VENDACE COREGONUS ALBULA (L.) FROM LAKES MORZYCZKO AND PE£CZ (NW POLAND)

Comparative biological studies on 110 individuals of vendace from Lake Morzycko and 104 specimens from Lake Pe‡cz, collected in autumn, concerning individual weight, total length, condition and growth rate, showed some statistically significant differences in particular biological characters. The vendaces from Lake Pe‡cz had the average individual weight lower by 38%, total length lower by 11.7% and were clearly in a worse condition. The results of back-calculations and parameters of von Bertalanffy's equation reveal distinct disproportions in the total length in particular age groups. Slower growth rate in terms of both length and weight was found in the sample from Lake Pe‡cz. Lower values of the condition coefficient and growth rate of fish from this area resulted probably from worse environmental conditions in this lake.
An Evaluation of Economic Water Productivity and Water Balance of Dry Season Irrigated Rice under Different Irrigation Regimes in Northern Ghana

The major limiting factor for irrigated rice cultivation is water. As the demand for effective management of water increase due to climate change, future rice production will depend heavily on developing and adopting strategies and practices that use efficient water application. The objectives were to evaluate effects of different irrigation regimes on crop and economic water productivities as well as water balance for dry season irrigated rice production. This was to enable rice farmers and irrigation management to make an informed decision on the most economic and efficient water use regime for rice production. Two experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at On-Station (SARI) and On-Farm (Bontanga Irrigation Scheme) in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 dry seasons. The treatments were, surface irrigation with applied water equal to: the Field Capacity (FC) moisture content ( W 1 ); Saturated soil moisture content (SC) ( W 2 ); Continuous flooding (CF) up to 10 cm level, used as control ( W 3 ); 10ETc ( W 4 ) and 15ETc ( W 5 ). A 115 days rice variety, Gbewaa (Jasmine 85) was used for the experiments. Seedlings were transplanted at spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm and one seedling per stand in a 1 m 2 micro-plots On-Station and 7 m 2 plots on-farm. Data was collected on plant growth parameters and grain yields from four (4) replications. The results showed that grain yield of the On-Station as well as the On-Farm experiments showed significant difference between Field capacity and the rest of the treatments at p=0.05 level of significance. FC gave the highest water productivity (0.311 kg/m 3 ) while SC gave the highest value of Economic Water Productivity (0.084 $/m 3 ). In terms of water use, it is more economic to produce rice under saturated culture in the Northern Region of Ghana. Keywords: Water Use, Irrigated Rice Production, Economic Water Productivity and Northern Ghana