Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new nasal decongestant, A‐57219: a comparison with oxymetazoline

2‐(4‐Amino‐3,5‐dichlorobenzyl)imidazolin hydrochloride (A‐57219), has α1‐agonist/α2‐antagonist activity and was more effective and long‐acting than oxymetazoline on canine nasal mucosa, in‐vitro and in‐vivo. Upon intranasal administration to dogs, the compound was devoid of systemic effects up to a concentration 1000 times that needed for local decongestant effect (1ṁ65 μg, atomized from a 1 μg mL‐1 solution) suggesting limited mucosal absorption. After nasal administration to rats for 15 days at a concentration 1000 times greater than that required for nasal decongestion, no mucosal tissue toxicity or systemic effects were seen.
Inhibition of the cataleptic effect of tetrahydrocannabinol by other constituents of Cannabis sativa L.

Abstract— Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induced catalepsy in mice, whereas a cannabis oil (6.68% w/w THC), four cannabinoids and a synthetic mixture did not. Cannabinol (CBN) and olivetol inhibited THC‐induced catalepsy in the mornings and the evenings, but cannabidiol (CBD) exhibited this effect only in the evenings. A combination of CBN and CBD inhibited THC‐induced catalepsy equal to that of CBN alone in the mornings, but this inhibition was greater than that produced by CBN alone in the evenings.
Examination of angiopoietin-like protein 4, neuropeptide Y, omentin-1 levels of obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity is not clarified yet. But some parameters such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), angiopoietin-like protein (Angptl-4), omentin-1 are thought to be involved in this pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to show possible effects of NPY, Angptl-4, omentin-1 throughout clinical parameters and hormones. Patients were divided into three groups. Group I; healthy volunteers, Group II; non-obese women with PCOS and group III; obese women with PCOS. Serum NPY, Angptl-4, free testosterone, total testosterone, luteinize hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and HOMA-IR, Ferriman–Galwey scores were significantly higher in group II when compared with group I and similarly in group III when compared with group II (p < 0.005). While comparing all PCOS patients (obese + non-obese) with healthy volunteers, omentin-1 and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly low in PCOS group (p < 0.005). As a result of this study, both in the obese and non-obese PCOS patients, there was a significant increase in levels of NPY and Angptl-4 and a significant decline in omentin-1 when compared to healthy subjects. In conclusion, insulin resistance in PCOS patients may be related to the differences of NPY, Angptl-4 and omentin-1 levels and the effects of these differences on metabolic pathways. Chinese abstract 多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和肥胖的发病机制目前尚不明确。 但认为一些参数如神经肽Y（NPY），血管生成素样蛋白（angptl-4），网膜素-1与其发病机制有关。 在这项研究中，我们的目的是通过临床参数和激素的测量发现NPY、angptl-4及网膜素-1的可能作用。 患者被分为III组：第I组为健康志愿者，第II组为非肥胖的PCOS患者，第III组为肥胖的PCOS患者。 血清NPY、angptl-4、游离睾酮、总睾酮、黄体生成素、睾酮、性激素结合球蛋白、雌二醇、硫酸脱氢表雄酮、雄烯二酮、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、HOMA-IR及菲尔曼–高尔韦评分第II组均显著高于第I组，第III组与第II组比较时结果相似（p<0.005）。 比较所有PCOS患者（肥胖和非肥胖）与健康志愿者，PCOS患者网膜素-1和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均明显降低（P＜0.005）。 这项研究的结果表明：肥胖及非肥胖的PCOS患者与健康受试者比较，NPY和angptl-4的水平均显著升高，网膜素-1的水平均明显降低。 总之，PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗可能与NPY、angptl-4和网膜素-1水平的差异及这些差异对代谢途径的影响有关。
Stabilometry Recordings in Functional and Mechanical Instability of the Ankle Joint

Functional instability, i.e. recurrent sprains or a feeling of giving way in the joint, is common after ankle sprain. Using stabilometry, an objective and quantitative method for studying postural control, we earlier showed that soccer players with pathological stabilometric results are at risk for ankle joint injury. In the present study we found that the ability to maintain postural equilibrium as demonstrated by stabilometry was reduced among players with functional instability, but was not affected by mechanical instability. The results indicate that coordination and postural control are important for functional instability of the ankle.
Frequency and polarization reconfigurable antenna for airborne application

Reducing weight and improving stealth capacity of onboard airborne system is always been a desirable feature. Reduction in number of antennas mounted onboard for communicating with ground system improves both the values of the system. This paper proposes a new design to replace the presently used three antennas working at different frequencies (two at S band, one at C band) and polarization by a frequency and polarization reconfigurable antenna. The microstrip patch antenna is designed and optimized in such a way that interconnection between patches tuned antenna from higher to lower frequency. Three coaxial feed points are provided for three operational frequencies. Polarization reconfigurability from circular polarization (CP) to linear polarization (LP) is achieved through positioning of these feed points and interconnection via switching. Switches ON state have been modeled with microstrip line connection. The Comparison of simulation and measurement result is presented. The measured results are in good agreement with simulation results. The measured return loss is better than 12 dB at three resonant frequencies and axial ratio is 3 dB, which meets the operational requirements.
Review of Post-CLERP 9 Australian Auditor Independence Research

The Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (Audit Reform & Corporate Disclosure) Act 2004 (CLERP 9) added substantial new provisions pertaining to auditor independence, and followed in the wake of financial reporting scandals during 2000 to 2003. Many of the regulatory changes were framed in the earlier Ramsay Report, which drew on independence concerns raised in the academic literature. This review paper reviews Australian academic research investigating auditor independence, framed by our conceptual understanding of auditor independence, to assess what we have learned about the impact of CLERP 9 on auditor independence. Our review of Australian auditor independence research published post-CLERP 9 reveals little evidence of the impact of the regulatory changes on auditor behaviour (independence in fact) and perceptions (independence in appearance). We conclude there are substantial needs for further research on the impact of the CLERP 9 amendments on auditor independence and any enduring independence issues. We identify particular areas for future research that may better inform policy development and argue that the prospect of high-quality relevant research will increase if regulatory agencies, the accounting profession and audit practitioners engage more with academics in the research process. We identify several ways in which this might occur.
Exchange Rate Risk and Convergence to the Euro

This paper proposes a new monetary policy framework for effectively navigating the path to adopting the euro. The proposed policy is based on relative inflation forecast targeting and incorporates an ancillary target of declining exchange rate risk, which is suggested as a key criterion for evaluating the currency stability. A model linking exchange rate volatility to differentials over the euro zone in both inflation (target variable) and interest rate (instrument variable) is proposed. The model is empirically tested for the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary, the selected new Member States of the EU that use direct inflation targeting to guide their monetary policies. The empirical methodology is based on the TARCH(p,q,r)-M model.
Digital Signal Processing Sensor for Automotive Visible Light Communications Applications

In the context of an increasing preoccupation to reduce the number of road accidents, wireless communications have been identified as a promising solutions in this area. This paper presents the simulation results for a Visible Light Communications (VLC) sensor envisioned for vehicular communication applications. Since the outdoor VLC channel can be affected by multiple noise sources, numerical filters and digital signal processing techniques are used as a solution to increase the robustness to noise and to enhance the sensor's flexibility. Simulations are performed in order to analyze the effect of the modulation frequency, SNR and message length on the BER.
Are betting markets efficient? Evidence from European Football Championships

This article investigates the degree of efficiency of the European Football online betting market by using odds quoted by 12 bookmakers on 21 European championships over 11 years. We show that systematically picking out odds inferior to a threshold delivers a rate of return of 4.45% if best odds are selected across bookmakers and 2.78% if mean odds are used. This amounts to backing overwhelmingly favourites whose probability of winning exceeds 90%. Our results only exploit information contained in odds, are robust to the use of real-time data and different sample periods and hold under risk neutrality and expected utility preferences for realistic degrees of risk aversion. Transaction costs reduce profitability but only for small stake bets.
Food industry and food chain in a challenging world

This special issue devoted to the ‘‘Food Industry and Food Chain in a Challenging World’’, addresses a multitude of challenges that European food producers and other food chain stakeholders are facing in their effort to improve their competitive position within an increasingly competitive world food market. The Food Chain is one of the main economic pillars in Europe as, beyond responding to consumer and society needs, it furthermore provides employment and opportunities for economic development in rural areas. It is therefore imperative to continuously monitor the changes that affect the sector, in order to allow stakeholders to respond promptly and effectively in the new market conditions. New technology, globalisation, demographic and social changes are amongst the main drivers of what constitutes a challenging market environment. Thus in order to adapt to these new market parameters, food chain stakeholders need to adapt their activities in order to gain in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. A restricted number of papers have been selected and included in this special issue, in which the respective authors present their views on the aforementioned food chain challenges. In particular, specific food aspects that are analysed in this issue relate to the evolving structure of the food chain, food industry developments, introduction of new technologies, institutional transformation, food and trade policies, communication, nutrition, diet, risk management, competition, management, marketing, financial and economic issues.
Assessing the Impacts of the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFA) on the FDA Approval Process

Congress enacted and renewed the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFA) in 1992, and renewed it in 1997 and 2002, mandating FDA performance goals in reviewing and acting on drug applications within specified time periods. In turn, the FDA was permitted to levy user fees on drug sponsors submitting applications to the FDA. While PDUFA mandated action or review times, its ultimate impacts on actual final drug approval times are unknown. We model and quantify the impact of PDUFA-I and II on drug approval times, since these approval dates are the ones most directly related to new medicines becoming available to benefit patients.In assessing the impacts of PDUFA on drug approval times, it is noteworthy that approval times were trending downwards at 1.7% percent per year prior to implementation of PDUFA. Assuming continuation of that time trend, approval times post-PDUFA would have fallen even in the absence of PDUFA. Our principal finding is that PDUFA accelerated this downward trend so that instead of a counterfactual 6% reduction in approval times from 24.2 to 20.4 months in absence of these acts between 1991 and 2002, there was an observed decline of about 42%, from 24.2 to 14.2 months, following implementation of PDUFA. Thus, of the total observed decline in approval times between 1991 and 2002, approximately two-thirds can be attributed to PDUFA. However, much of this impact occurred in the initial years between 1992 and 1997 (PDUFA-I) rather than during the subsequent 1997-2002 time frame (PDUFA-II). We discuss implications of these findings and how future research might quantify the social value of the observed acceleration in the FDA drug approvals.
Empirical Evidence on the Corporate Use of Derivatives

Theory indicates that hedging can increase firm value by reducing expected taxes, expected costs of financial distress, and other agency costs. Prior research, based on survey data, has found only weak evidence consistent with theory. This study provides evidence on the corporate use of derivative instruments from the 1994 audited financial statements of 116 firms. We use the fair and contract values scaled by the market value of each firm to measure the extent of derivatives usage and generally in line with theoretical models of corporate risk management.
NONLINEARITIES AND GARCH INADEQUACY FOR MODELING STOCK MARKET RETURNS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM LATIN AMERICA

In this paper, we analyze the adequacy of using GARCH as the data-generating process to model conditional volatility of stock market index rates-of-return series. Using the Hinich portmanteau bicorrelation test, we find that a GARCH formulation or any of its variants fail to provide an adequate characterization for the underlying process of the main Latin American stock market indices. Policymakers need to be careful when using autoregressive models for policy analysis and forecast because the inadequacy of GARCH models has strong implications for the pricing of stock index options, portfolio selection, and risk management. In particular, measures of spillover effects and output volatility may not be correct when GARCH-type models are used to evaluate economic policy.
Time-Variance Relationship: Evidence on Correlation in Common Stock Returns: Comment

THIS COMMENT ATrEMPTS TO dispell the confusion now existing between differencing intervals and measurement intervals in regard to the behavior of securities' returns. In a recent paper in this Journal, Schwartz and Whitcomb' (SW) [5] claimed to have shown that as the differencing interval lengthens, the one period returns on securities demonstrate the following behavior: a) their variance declines; b) their coefficient of determination (R2) derived by regressing these returns on the market returns increases. This, according to SW, holds regardless of the existence of intertemporal correlation. For simplicity, we shaLl focus our discussion on the case of no intertemporal dependence. Furthermore, we shall adopt SW's assumption of stationarity over time of the distribution of returns. We start by contrasting the definitions of differencing interval and measurement interval. SW define differencing interval as a T periods interval which can be T divided into subintervals of length n each. This subinterval (named by SW n "shorter period") serves as the building block for the measurement of the one period returns by SW. They define the "return"2 for this basic unit as:
The theory of planned behaviour and healthy eating: Examining additive and moderating effects of social influence variables

Abstract This paper examines the additive and moderating effects of social influence variables (injunctive norms, descriptive norms, perceived social support) within the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The target behaviour is the decision to eat healthily. Questionnaire responses on components of the TPB, descriptive norms, perceived social support, and subsequent healthy eating were obtained from a prospective sample of 235 members of the general public. Good predictions of intentions (42% of variance explained) and behaviour (15% of variance explained) were found using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Neither descriptive norms nor perceived social support added to these predictions of intentions over and above the TPB variables. However, perceived social support was found to act as a moderator variable on the relationship between perceived behavioral control and intention, and the relationship between attitude and intention. Implications for exploring the role of social influence variables on decisions concerning health behavioun an discussed.
Assistive technology to promote leisure and constructive engagement by two boys emerged from a minimal conscious state.

BACKGROUND Post-coma persons with multiple disabilities may represent a challenge to rehabilitation centers, due to their clinical conditions. Moreover, they can failed to engage adaptive responses aimed at the self-management of environmental stimuli. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact and social rating of a new assistive technology set-up for promoting constructive engagement by two post-coma boys emerged from a minimal conscious state. METHOD During baseline sessions, the participants were provided with a mouse to manage the computer system. During intervention phases, a new technology was implemented, allowing both participants to manage environmental stimuli with a microswitch instead of the mouse. Furthermore, a social validation assessment was carried out, involving students as raters. RESULTS Data showed an increasing of constructive engagement by both participants during intervention phases. Sixty psychology students (social raters) favoured the new technology on a six items questionnaire (i.e. enjoyment, suitability, rehabilitation, independence, daily context and support). CONCLUSIONS The new technology was suitable, affordable, effective and socially preferable.
Assessing the Learning Needs of Student Teachers in Texas regarding Management of the Agricultural Mechanics Laboratory: Implications for the Professional Development of Early Career Teachers in Agricultural Education.

Skills needed to manage a laboratory are essential knowledge for all school–based, agriculture teachers who instruct agricultural mechanics curriculum (Saucier, Terry, & Schumacher, 2009). This research investigated the professional development needs of Texas agricultural education student teachers regarding agricultural mechanics laboratory management. Data were collected with a mailed questionnaire to determine student teachers’ perceptions of the importance of 70 agricultural mechanics laboratory management competencies and their self–assessed ability to perform those competencies. The Borich (1980) Needs Assessment Model was used to assess and evaluate the professional development needs of these student teachers. The study found that these student teachers were in need of professional development in many areas of laboratory management, such as diagnosing malfunctioning laboratory equipment, repairing laboratory equipment, and administering first aid.
Iron Deficiency Anemia and Cognitive Function in Infancy

OBJECTIVES: This study examined effects of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on specific domains of infant cognitive function and the role of IDA-related socioemotional deficits in mediating and/or moderating these effects. METHODS: Infants were recruited during routine 9-month visits to an inner-city clinic. IDA was defined as hemoglobin level <110 g/L with ≥2 abnormal iron deficiency indicators (mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, zinc protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin). At 9 and 12 months, the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII); A-not-B task; Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey; and Behavior Rating Scale were administered. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including age and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Twenty-eight infants met criteria for IDA, 28 had nonanemic iron deficiency (NA ID) and 21 had iron sufficiency (IS). There was a linear effect for object permanence at 9 months: infants with IDA were least likely to exhibit object permanence, IS most likely, and NA ID intermediate. Infants with IDA and those with hemoglobin level ≤105 g/L showed poorer recognition memory on the FTII than infants without IDA. The Behavior Rating Scale orientation/engagement measure partially mediated these effects. Stronger effects of IDA on these outcomes were seen in infants who scored more poorly on the socioemotional measures. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate poorer object permanence and short-term memory encoding and/or retrieval in infants with IDA at 9 months. These cognitive effects were attributable, in part, to IDA-related deficits in socioemotional function. Children with poor socioemotional performance seem to be more vulnerable to the effects of IDA on cognitive function.
Securing Prosperity: The American Labor Market: How It Has Changed and What to Do about It

We live in an age of economic paradox. The dynamism of America's economy is astounding--the country's industries are the most productive in the world and spin off new products and ideas at a bewildering pace. Yet Americans feel deeply uneasy about their economic future. The reason, Paul Osterman explains, is that our recent prosperity is built on the ruins of the once reassuring postwar labor market. Workers can no longer expect stable, full-time jobs and steadily rising incomes. Instead, they face stagnant wages, layoffs, rising inequality, and the increased likelihood of merely temporary work. In "Securing Prosperity," Osterman explains in clear, accessible terms why these changes have occurred and lays out an innovative plan for new economic institutions that promises a more secure future.Osterman begins by sketching the rise and fall of the postwar labor market, showing that firms have been the driving force behind recent change. He draws on original surveys of nearly 1,000 corporations to demonstrate that firms have reorganized and downsized not just for the obvious reasons--technological advances and shifts in capital markets--but also to take advantage of new, team-oriented ways of working. We can't turn the clock back, Osterman writes, since that would strip firms of the ability to compete. But he also argues that we should not simply give ourselves up to the mercies of the market. Osterman argues that new policies must engage on two fronts: addressing both higher rates of mobility in the labor market and a major shift in the balance of power against employees. To deal with greater mobility, Osterman argues for portable benefits, a stronger Unemployment Insurance system, and new labor market intermediaries to help workers navigate the labor market. To redress the imbalance of power, Osterman assesses the possibilities of reforming corporate governance but concludes the best approach is to promote "countervailing power" through innovative unions and creative strategies for organizing employee voice in communities. Osterman gives life to these arguments with numerous examples of promising institutional experiments.