Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of metabolic heterogeneity of human intracranial tumors in vivo by 1h nmr spectroscopic imaging

Patients with intracranial tumors (gliomas) were examined by means of localized water‐suppressed 1H NMR single volume spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging. The 1H NMR spectra of the tumors exhibit signal intensities of the N‐acetyl aspartate, choline compounds, and creatine plus phosphocreatine resonance lines that are different from the corresponding intensities observed on normal brain tissue. Also, for 6 out of the 10 patients examined so far, lactate resonance lines were detected in the tumor spectra. For one patient, abnormal 1H NMR spectra were obtained of a hemisphere which appeared normal with 1H NMR imaging. Metabolic heterogeneity of the tumorous regions could be demonstrated with 1H NMR spectroscopic imaging, using a spatial resolution in the order of 1 cm. These results suggest a spectrum of metabolic observations that may ultimately provide an important means for characterizing brain tumors.
Why an alternative to suicide prevention gatekeeper training is needed for rural Indigenous communities: presenting an empowering community storytelling approach

The need for effective youth suicide prevention is uncontested, and is particularly urgent for Indigenous populations. The Indigenous youth suicide rates in some North American communities can be 18 times greater than for other young people. Despite the clear need, evidence in support of Indigenous youth suicide prevention strategies remain mixed. The most common approach to youth suicide prevention – gatekeeper training – may have limited effects in Indigenous communities. Based on recent work undertaken with Indigenous leaders in rural Alaska, we describe culturally grounded, practical alternatives that may be more effective for Indigenous communities. We highlight the ways in which research informed, grassroots interventions can address cultural, practical and systemic issues that are relevant when addressing risks for suicide on a community level. Built on a transactional-ecological framework that gives consideration to local contexts, culture-centric narratives and the multiple, interacting conditions of suicide, the innovative approach described here emphasizes community and cultural protective factors in Indigenous communities, and extends typical suicide prevention initiatives in ways that have important implications for other ethnically diverse communities.
Neuropsychological impairments of short-term memory

List of contributors Acknowledgements General introduction Part I. The Functional Architecture of Auditory-Verbal (Phonological) Short-Term Memory and its Neural Correlates: 1. The impairment of auditory-verbal short-term storage Tim Shallice and Giuseppe Vallar 2. The development of the concept of working memory: implications and contributions of neuropsychology Alan D. Baddeley 3. Multiple phonological representations and verbal short-term memory Frances J. Friedrich 4. Electrophysiological measures of short-term memory Arnold Starr, Geoffrey Barrett, Hillel Pratt, Henry J. Michalewski and Julie V. Patterson Part II. Phonological Short-Term Memory and Other Levels of Information Processing: Studies in Brain-Damaged Patients with Defective Phonological Memory: 5. Auditory and lexical information sources in immediate recall: evidence from a patient with deficit to the phonological short-term store Rita Sloan Berndt and Charlotte C. Mitchum 6. Neuropsychological evidence for lexical involvement in short-term memory Eleanor M. Saffran and Nadine Martin 7. Auditory-verbal span of apprehension: a phenomenon in search of a function? Rosaleen A. McCarthy and Elizabeth K. Warrington 8. Short-term retention without short-term memory Brian Butterworth, Tim Shallice and Frances L. Watson Part III. Short-Term Memory Studies in Different Populations (Children, Elderly, Amnesics) and of Different Short-Term Memory Systems: 9. Developmental fractionation of working memory Graham J. Hitch 10. Adult age differences in working memory Fergus I. M. Craik, Robin G. Morris and Mary L. Gick 11. Lipreading, neuropsychology and immediate memory Ruth Campbell 12. Memory without rehearsal David Howard and Sue Franklin 13. The extended present: evidence from time estimation by amnesics and normals Marcel Kinsbourne and Robert E. Hicks Part IV. Phonological Short-Term Memory and Sentence Comprehension: 14. Short-term memory and language comprehension: a critical review of the neuropsychological literature David Caplan and Gloria S. Waters 15. Neuropsychological evidence on the role of short-term memory in sentence processing Randi C. Martin 16. Short-term memory impairment and sentence processing: a case study Eleanor M. Saffran and Nadine Martin 17. Phonological processing and sentence comprehension: a neuropsychological case study Giuseppe Vallar, Anna Basso and Gabriela Bottini 18. Working memory and comprehension of spoken sentences: investigation of children with reading disorder Stephen Crain, Donald Shankweiler, Paul Macaruso and Eva Bar-Shalom Name index Subject index.
The Impact of Peer Mentoring on Organizational Knowledge Creation and Sharing

Managing organizational knowledge creation and sharing effectively has become an important source of competitive advantage for firms. Peer mentoring is becoming increasingly common and may be an effective way to facilitate knowledge creation and sharing. This article provides an empirical test of the relationship between peer mentoring and knowledge creation and sharing in a high-tech software firm. Results suggested that a peer mentor training course increased perceived levels of peer mentor knowledge and skills. Results also indicated that higher perceived levels of peer mentoring were related to higher perceived levels of knowledge creation and sharing.
Gruppi tonali e strutture sintattiche nell'italiano parlato spontaneo

1. Introduzione In questo articolo vorrei presentare alcuni risultati suI rapporto tra prosodia e sintassi nell'italiano parlato. Analizzero in particolare la possibilita di individuare un dominio sintattico privilegiato della curva intonativa tale che essa abbia la stessa estensione di una qualche unita sintattica. n corpus di testi su cui ho lavorato e 10 stesso usato per la mia tesi di Ph.D. (Voghera, 1990), dell'universita di Reading, sulle strutture sintattiche dell'italiano parlato, anche se Ie considerazioni che qui presento sono frutto di una nuova ricerca. n riconoscimento della sistematicita del versante prosodico ha posto inevitabilmente il problema della relazione tra esso e gli altri livelli del sistema. Per questo motivo il rapporto tra intonazione e sintassi e un argomento che comincia ad essere dibattuto non solo negli studi fonologici (Selkirk, 1984; Nespor e Vogel, 1986), rna anche nell'ambito di discussioni squisitamente grammaticali e sintattiche (Crystal, 1980; Coulthard e Montgomery (a cura di), 1981; Lepschy e Lepschy, 1981; Halliday, 1985; Quirk et aI. , 1985). Oggi e generalmente rifiutata l'idea che la sintassi determini la struttura intonativa, e che quindi Ie configurazioni prosodiche siano meccanicamente dipendenti dalle strutture sintattiche. L'isomorfismo tra unita sintattiche e intonative non trova giustificazione ne a livello teorico (Nespor e Vogel, 1986: 37) ne a livello descrittivo. Cio non vuol dire natura1mente che non sia possibile, e desiderabile, individuare delle costanti nella relazione tra questi due livelli del sistema.
Modeling Active Microwave Remote Sensing of Snow Using Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT) Theory With Multiple-Scattering Effects

Dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) theory is used to study the multiple-scattering effects in active microwave remote sensing. Simplified DMRT phase matrices are obtained in the 1-2 frame. The simplified expressions facilitate solutions of the DMRT equations and comparisons with other phase matrices. First-order, second-order, and full multiple-scattering solutions of the DMRT equations are obtained. To solve the DMRT equation, we decompose the diffuse intensities into Fourier series in the azimuthal direction. Each harmonic is solved by the eigen-quadrature approach. The model is applied to the active microwave remote sensing of terrestrial snow. Full multiple-scattering effects are important as the optical thickness for snow at frequencies above 10 GHz often exceed unity. The results are illustrated as a function of frequency, incidence angle, and snow depth. The results show that cross polarization for the case of densely packed spheres can be significant and can be merely 6 to 8 dB below copolarization. The magnitudes of the cross polarization are consistent with the experimental observations. The results show that the active 13.5-GHz backscattering coefficients still have significant sensitivity to snow thickness even for snow thickness exceeding 1 m
Adherence to Recommended Breast Cancer Screening in Iranian Turkmen Women: The Role of Knowledge and Beliefs

The aim of the current study was to investigate breast cancer screening performance among Iranian Turkmen women along with their knowledge and beliefs. A cross-sectional study was carried out in June to December 2011. Through clustered sampling method, 1080 Iranian Turkmen women completed the questionnaire including breast cancer screening adherence, knowledge, fatalism beliefs, and perceived threat using Champions Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). The mean age of the participants was 43.04 (SD = 11.80) years. Compliance rate in a regular basis based on national guidelines was 13.1%, 2.5%, and 0.9% for SBE, CBE, and mammography, respectively. A mere 4% have been provided adequately with information about breast cancer. Having knowledge was the best predictor of breast cancer screening adherence along with high educated husbands for SBE performing. Susceptibility and fatalism were low and were influenced by participants' educational level and age. In conclusion, Iranian Turkmen women had insufficient knowledge, low perceived susceptibility, high fatalistic belief, and very poor adherence to breast cancer screening. There is a need for providing breast cancer education programs among the Iranian Turkmen women to increase their adherence rate.
CCL27/PESKY: a novel paradigm for chemokine function

Chemokines play a central role in regulating leukocyte migration. The recently discovered CC chemokine ligand 27 (CCL27), through interaction with its cognate receptor, CC chemokine receptor 10 (CCR10), appears to be involved in attracting a subset of memory T cells to the skin during some cutaneous inflammatory responses. Strangely, CCL27 can also be produced as a non-secreted form, as a result of alternative splicing. This protein, termed PESKY, is targeted to the nucleus where it is able to modulate transcription and alter cell morphology. Specifically, PESKY induces a rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, manifest by the disruption of stress fibres. This consequently enhances cell motility. Surprisingly, secreted CCL27 can also reach the nucleus after CCR10-mediated internalisation, where it may also be capable of directly modulating transcription to alter cell behaviour. This review will discuss these unprecedented findings.
Investigation of 1-D meta-structured leaky wave antennas using transmission line theory considering radiation effects

Based on the transmission line theory considering radiation effects, we have examined the MLWA in terms of scanning capability and reflection coefficients near the design frequency of 2GHz. The reflection coefficient is about −15dB when φω = 0 (broadside) and φω = k<inf>0</inf>d (backfire). It is less than –40dB when φ? = -k<inf>0</inf>d (endfire). The theoretical scanning angle when N=30 is estimated to be from –63° to 60°. We have also provided some convenient closed-form equations for circuit parameters to facilitate MLWA designs.
Updated Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were published in 1995 and updated in 1999. These and other guidelines undergo periodic review. Advances continue to be made in the area of GERD, leading us to review and revise previous guideline statements. GERD is defined as symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. These guidelines were developed under the auspices of the American College of Gastroenterology and its Practice Parameters Committee, and approved by the Board of Trustees. Diagnostic guidelines address empiric therapy and the use of endoscopy, ambulatory reflux monitoring, and esophageal manometry in GERD. Treatment guidelines address the role of lifestyle changes, patient directed (OTC) therapy, acid suppression, promotility therapy, maintenance therapy, antireflux surgery, and endoscopic therapy in GERD. Finally, there is a discussion of the rare patient with refractory GERD and a list of areas in need of additional study.
Ultrafast transient absorption study of hot carrier dynamics in hafnium nitride and zirconium nitride

Hot carrier solar cell (HCSC) is a promising third generation photovoltaic device which can potentially able to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit and achieve much higher power efficiency than present single junction solar cells. The theoretical efficiency for an ideal HCSC is predicted to be 65% under 1 sun solar radiation or 85% under maximal concentration. A critical requirement of the absorber is to slow down the cooling rate of photoexcited hot carriers, from few ps for typical semiconductors to hundreds of ps or longer. Transition nitrides HfN and ZrN theoretically have large phononic bandgaps and thus much slowed cooling time may be expected in these materials. In this investigation ultrafast transient absorption (TA) was used to investigate HfN and ZrN thin films. Experiments reveal three featured TA bands in the visible and near infrared, ascribed to the excited state absorption and bleaching. Cooling time of hot carriers as long as 3 ns in HfN is attributed to the significantly suppressed Klemens' decay. While hundreds of ps cooling time were observed in ZrN. The slowed thermalization process in HfN and ZrN suggests these bulk materials are a promising absorber candidate for hot carrier solar cells.
Accurate Dynamic Sketching of Faces from Video

A sketch captures the most informative part of an object, in a much more concise and potentially robust representation (e.g., for face recognition or new capabilities of manipulating faces). We have previously developed a framework for generating face sketches from still images. A more interesting question is can we generate an animated sketch from video? We adopt the same hierarchical compositional graph model originally developed for still images for face representation, where each graph node corresponds to a multimodal model of a certain facial feature (e.g., close mouth, open mouth, and wide-open mouth). To enforce temporal-spatial consistency and improve tracking efficiency, we constrain the transition of a graph node to be only between immediate neighboring modes (e.g. from closed mouth to open mouth but not to wide-open mouth), as well as by its corresponding parts in the neighboring frames. To improve the matching accuracy, we model the local structure of a given mode as a shape-constrained Markov network (SCMN) of image patches. The preliminary results show accurate sketching results from video clips.
Book Review: Mediating race, globalizing gender

the voices of Latina, African American, and lesbian moms, as well as moms who struggle financially. As such, their work is a contribution to existing mothering research that tends to privilege the experiences of White, middle-class mothers. Lest we think that this work is bleak in nature, know that we also hear tales of strength. Nearly all the readings speak to the presence and vital role of social support. Many women speak of mentors who made all of the difference in their struggles to negotiate academia and mothering. Several of the testimonios utilize the work of Patricia Hill Collins (1994, 2000) to describe the importance of ‘‘othermothers’’ and Carol Stack’s (1975) term ‘‘fictive kin. ’’ Whereas Collins and Stack referred specifically to Black women and the ways in which these mothers step in and care for children of the community, the ‘‘othermother’’ concept is present in the lives of most of these women across various races and classes. Mothers in Academia not only provides an account of mothers’ struggles, it also serves as a resource for feminist theory, work and family research, and the large body of mothering research. Examples include the aforementioned work of Williams (2001), Collins (1994, 2000), and Stack (1975), as well as that of Audre Lorde (1984), Nancy Chodorow (1978), and a host of others. In addition, this book offers extensive accounts of policy programs, such as the Family and Medical Leave Act, as well as in-depth accounts of policy research. This work is divided into three parts that explore political, social, and economic conditions; the unexpected challenges and revelations that mothers face; and policies that are both in place and desperately needed. In Part I, Irene Mata tells of moving with her children from California, ‘‘a place of cultural familiarity,’’ to Massachusetts, where, in addition to adjusting to a new job, she must worry about the racism that her children face in a majority White population. Others discuss the trials of acquiring tenure (or a doctorate) when children are born. Throughout the book, the authors ponder the question that looms for academic women: When or if to have children? The works in this collection are heavily referenced— which is good—but which, at times, can feel heavy with direct quotes. Some of the readings seem to belong in other sections. These are slight issues, however, in a book that is otherwise rich with storytelling and research. Mothers in Academia lives up to its goal by using testimonios of mothers to reveal the personal struggles and the institutional failings that make mothering in higher education a challenge.
SmartCard-based Multi User Security Concept for Mobile Devices

: Powerful mobile devices are typically used by single users, but can also be used in multi-user scenarios where off-the-shelf devices fail to provide the security features needed for e.g. user speciﬁc logins for device or context-sensitive application access. This paper presents a new approach to combine a transparent smartcard-based secure access to mobile devices and applications on them with context-enabled, proﬁle-based security. A security service on the device including a proxy model secures and synchronizes client and card access and enables an on-card information management for applications. It establishes the basis for an identifying user logon and for an authorised application access. Current results and future perspectives of the reference implementation on an iPAQ PDA running Windows CE are presented.
DNase I homologous residues in CdtB are critical for cytolethal distending toxin‐mediated cell cycle arrest

Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) block cell division by arresting the eukaryotic cell cycle at G2/M. Although previously not recognized in standard blast searches, a position‐specific iterated (psi) blast search of the protein data bank using CDT polypeptides as query sequences indicated that CdtB bears significant position‐specific homology to type I mammalian DNases. The psiblast sequence alignment reveals that residues of DNase I involved in phosphodiester bond hydrolysis (His134 and His252) are conserved in CdtB as well as their respective hydrogen bond pairs (Glu78 and Asp212). CdtB also contains a pentapeptide motif found in all DNase I enzymes. Further, crude CDT preparations possess detectable DNase activity not associated with identical preparations from control cells. Five CdtB mutations in amino acids corresponding to DNase I active site residues were prepared and expressed together with wild‐type CdtA and CdtC polypeptides. Mutation in four of the five DNase‐specific active site residues resulted in CDT preparations that lacked DNase activity and failed to induce cellular distension or arrest division of HeLa cells. The fifth mutation, Glu86 (Glu78 in DNase I), retained the ability to induce a moderate level of cell cycle arrest and displayed reduced DNase activity relative to wild‐type CDT. Together, these data suggest that the CDT holotoxin has intrinsic DNase activity that is associated with the CdtB polypeptide and that this DNase activity may be responsible for the CDT‐induced cell cycle arrest.
Efficient Rendering of Atmospheric Phenomena

Rendering of atmospheric bodies involves modeling the complex interaction of light throughout the highly scattering medium of water and air particles. Scattering by these particles creates many well-known atmospheric optical phenomena including rainbows, halos, the corona, and the glory. Unfortunately, most radiative transport approximations in computer graphics are ill-suited to render complex angularly dependent effects in the presence of multiple scattering at reasonable frame rates. Therefore, this paper introduces a multiple-model lighting system that efficiently captures these essential atmospheric effects. We have solved the rendering of fine angularly dependent effects in the presence of multiple scattering by designing a lighting approximation based upon multiple scattering phase functions. This model captures gradual blurring of chromatic atmospheric optical phenomena by handling the gradual angular spreading of the sunlight as it experiences multiple scattering events with anisotropic scattering particles. It has been designed to take advantage of modern graphics hardware; thus, it is capable of rendering these effects at near interactive frame rates.
Perfringolysin O: The Underrated Clostridium perfringens Toxin?

The anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens expresses multiple toxins that promote disease development in both humans and animals. One such toxin is perfringolysin O (PFO, classically referred to as θ toxin), a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC). PFO is secreted as a water-soluble monomer that recognizes and binds membranes via cholesterol. Membrane-bound monomers undergo structural changes that culminate in the formation of an oligomerized prepore complex on the membrane surface. The prepore then undergoes conversion into the bilayer-spanning pore measuring approximately 250–300 Å in diameter. PFO is expressed in nearly all identified C. perfringens strains and harbors interesting traits that suggest a potential undefined role for PFO in disease development. Research has demonstrated a role for PFO in gas gangrene progression and bovine necrohemorrhagic enteritis, but there is limited data available to determine if PFO also functions in additional disease presentations caused by C. perfringens. This review summarizes the known structural and functional characteristics of PFO, while highlighting recent insights into the potential contributions of PFO to disease pathogenesis.
The Politics of Higher Education: Toward an Expanded Research Agenda

The politics of higher education as a field of study suffers from acute underdevelopment. The challenge confronting politics of higher education researchers is one of stimulating a systematic and sustained scholarship that is topically, theoretically, and methodologically multidimensional. The purpose of this article is to suggest prospective research directions that correspond with each of three broad recommendations for organizing future research in this important area of inquiry: the need for a wider range of issue coverage, the need for a broadened and enriched theoretical perspective, and the need for improved analytic sophistication and rigor. Substantial emphasis in the article is placed on comparative approaches to research so as to take maximal advantage of the multiple political and policy “laboratories” afforded by American federalism.