Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vortex nucleation in superfluid 4

W F Vinen suggested in 1961 that the creation of quantized vortex line in superfluid 4He is impeded by an energy barrier. Measurements of the rate ν t which negative ions nucleate vortices in isotopically pure4He have vindicated this idea. Barrier heights derived from the measured temperature dependence of ν are in good agreement with values calculated by Muirhead, Vinen and Donnelly (MVD) on the assumption that the nascent vortex first appears as a small loop at the equator of the moving ion. The MVD model can in addition provide a satisfactory explanation for the extraordinary sensitivity of ν to tiny traces of3He observed in experiments. A prediction that vortices can also be created by a fast adiabatic expansion of liquid 4He through the lambda (superfluid) transition—perhaps modelling the creation of cosmic strings at a cosmological phase transition in the early universe—has been tested. The results imply line densities that are smaller by a factor of at least 100 than those predicted. It is pointed out that Vinen’s contributions to the understanding of superfluidity have been substantial and that their influence is likely to be felt far into the future.
Separation and Quantification of Eight Antidiabetic Drugs on A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Its Application to Human Plasma Assay

An analytical method based on isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography was developed and validated for the separation and quantification of eight antidiabetic drugs: rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, glipizide, gliclazide, repaglinide, nateglinide, glibenclamide, and glimepiride for their application in human plasma assay. Metformin is used as internal standard. Analysis was done on Onyx monolithic C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm) using a mixture of 0.05% formic acid in water and methanol in the ratio of 42 : 58 (v/v) fixed at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and they were monitored at 234 nm. Separation was achieved in less than 20 min. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 50–2000 ng/mL. The method was validated for its recovery, intra- and interday precision, stability, specificity, and selectivity. Plasma samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction of analytes. Hence, the developed method was found to be suitable for the routine analysis of selected antidiabetic drugs in biological matrices.
What Can We Learn about Motion Videos from Still Images?

Human action recognition from motion videos plays an important role in multimedia analysis. Different from the temporal cues of action series in motion videos, the motion tendency can also be revealed from the still images or key frames. Thus, if the action knowledge in related still images can be well adapted to the target motion videos, we would have a great chance to improve the performance of video action recognition. In this paper, we propose a framework of Still-to-Motion Adaptation (SMA) for human action recognition. Common visual features are extracted both from the related images and target videos' key frames, by which the gap between still images and videos are bridged. Meanwhile, to utilize the unlabeled training videos in target domain, we incorporate a semi-supervised process into our framework. By minimizing the difference of action prediction from still features and motion features, we formulate the still-to-motion adaptation into a joint optimization process. Experiments successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and show the better performance of action recognition compared with the state-of-the-art methods. We also analyze the impact on the recognition results of target videos by knowledge adaptation from still images.
CellSim: a validated modular heterogeneous multiprocessor simulator

As the number of transistors on a chip continues increasing the power consumption has become the most important constraint in processors design. Therefore, to increase performance, computer architects have decided to use multiprocessors. Moreover, recent studies have shown that heterogeneous chip multiprocessors have greater potential than homogeneous ones. We have built a modular simulator for heterogeneous multiprocessors that can be configure to model IBM's Cell Processor. The simulator has been validated against the real machine to be used as a research tool.
Five-Month-Old Infants Have General Knowledge of How Nonsolid Substances Behave and Interact

Experience puts people in touch with nonsolid substances, such as water, blood, and milk, which are crucial to survival. People must be able to understand the behavior of these substances and to differentiate their properties from those of solid objects. We investigated whether infants represent nonsolid substances as a conceptual category distinct from solid objects on the basis of differences in cohesiveness. Experiment 1 established that infants can distinguish water from a perceptually matched solid and can correctly predict whether the item will pass through or be trapped by a grid. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that infants extend this knowledge to less familiar granular substances. These experiments indicate that concepts of cohesive and noncohesive material appear early in development, apply across several types of nonsolid substances, and may serve as the basis of later knowledge of physical phases.
ERROR ESTIMATE OF A SUBDIVISION SCHEME WITH A TRUNCATED REFINEMENT MASK

Given a finitely supported refinement mask on Zs with irrational coefficients, in many applications, we need to truncate the irrational coefficients in the refinement mask to rational numbers. This note provides a sharp error estimate in the Lp (1 ≤ p ≤ ∞) norm sense of a multivariate subdivision scheme caused by truncation of an original refinement mask. Examples are provided to illustrate that the estimate in this note is optimal. Finally, we partially extend this estimate to the case when a refinement mask has infinite support. §
Simulating ultrafine particle formation in Europe using a regional CTM: Contribution of primary emissions versus secondary formation to aerosol number concentrations

A three-dimensional regional chemical transport model (CTM) with detailed aerosol microphysics, PMCAMx-UF, was applied to the European domain to simulate the contribution of direct emissions and secondary formation to total particle number concentrations during May 2008. PMCAMx-UF uses the Dynamic Model for Aerosol Nucleation and the Two-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) algorithm to track both aerosol number and mass concentration using a sectional approach. The model predicts nucleation events that occur over scales of hundreds up to thousands of kilometers especially over the Balkans and Southeast Europe. The model predictions were compared against measurements from 7 sites across Europe. The model reproduces more than 70% of the hourly concentrations of particles larger than 10 nm ( N 10) within a factor of 2. About half of these particles are predicted to originate from nucleation in the lower troposphere. Regional nucleation is predicted to increase the total particle number concentration by approximately a factor of 3. For particles larger than 100 nm the effect varies from an increase of 20% in the eastern Mediterranean to a decrease of 20% in southern Spain and Portugal resulting in a small average increase of around 1% over the whole domain. Nucleation has a significant effect in the predicted N 50 levels (up to a factor of 2 increase) mainly in areas where there are condensable vapors to grow the particles to larger sizes. A semi-empirical ternary sulfuric acid-ammonia-water parameterization performs better than the activation or the kinetic parameterizations in reproducing the observations. Reducing emissions of ammonia and sulfur dioxide affects certain parts of the number size distribution. © 2012 Author(s).
Image denoising: Pointwise adaptive approach

The paper is concerned with the problem of image denoising for the case of grey-scale images. Such images consist of a finite number of regions with smooth boundaries and the image value is assumed piecewise constant within each region. New method of image denoising is proposed which is adaptive (assumption free) to the number of regions and smoothness properties of edges. The method is based on a pointwise image recovering and it relies on an adaptive choice of a smoothing window. It is shown that the attainable quality of estimation depends on the distance from the point of estimation to the closest boundary and on smoothness properties and orientation of this boundary. It is also shown that the proposed method provides a near optimal rate of the edge estimation.
The Role of Exposure in Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall effect that psychotherapy has on anxiety disorders and to determine what moderates that effect. Studies were grouped by type (efficacy or effectiveness) and grouped by analysis type (completer or intent-to-treat). Medline was searched for articles published between 2011 and 2014 that related to the treatment of anxiety disorders. An initial search revealed 8056 articles. Of these, 99 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the final analyses. Overall, manualized psychotherapy outperformed control conditions. In general, psychotherapy for anxiety disorders had a large effect. This effect appeared to be moderated by the use or lack of use of exposure techniques, with greater effects if exposure was used. This finding held particularly true for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapies for anxiety disorders are both efficacious and effective. Exposure techniques enhance the effect of therapies. Future research work is required to determine what else moderates the effect of such therapies.
A preliminary study of motion control patterns for biorobotic spiders

Compared to the conventional robot, the biorobot is capable of higher-level intelligence and will be more effective at overcoming unexpected perturbations during the navigation of different environments. Such biorobots are not only able to fulfill the above mentioned applications but can also be used for ecosystem studies of organism interaction. Based on the review of current literature, insects such as the hawkmoth, beetle, and cockroach have served as models for the design of such biorobots. We consider the use of spiders, a class of organisms similar to but distinct from insects, in the construction of biorobots, due to their unique characteristics. Here, we demonstrate the preliminary steps taken in the realization of a proof-of-concept spider biorobot.
The Drosophila FoxA Ortholog Fork Head Regulates Growth and Gene Expression Downstream of Target of Rapamycin

Forkhead transcription factors of the FoxO subfamily regulate gene expression programs downstream of the insulin signaling network. It is less clear which proteins mediate transcriptional control exerted by Target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, but recent studies in nematodes suggest a role for FoxA transcription factors downstream of TOR. In this study we present evidence that outlines a similar connection in Drosophila, in which the FoxA protein Fork head (FKH) regulates cellular and organismal size downstream of TOR. We find that ectopic expression and targeted knockdown of FKH in larval tissues elicits different size phenotypes depending on nutrient state and TOR signaling levels. FKH overexpression has a negative effect on growth under fed conditions, and this phenotype is not further exacerbated by inhibition of TOR via rapamycin feeding. Under conditions of starvation or low TOR signaling levels, knockdown of FKH attenuates the size reduction associated with these conditions. Subcellular localization of endogenous FKH protein is shifted from predominantly cytoplasmic on a high-protein diet to a pronounced nuclear accumulation in animals with reduced levels of TOR or fed with rapamycin. Two putative FKH target genes, CG6770 and cabut, are transcriptionally induced by rapamycin or FKH expression, and silenced by FKH knockdown. Induction of both target genes in heterozygous TOR mutant animals is suppressed by mutations in fkh. Furthermore, TOR signaling levels and FKH impact on transcription of the dFOXO target gene d4E-BP, implying a point of crosstalk with the insulin pathway. In summary, our observations show that an alteration of FKH levels has an effect on cellular and organismal size, and that FKH function is required for the growth inhibition and target gene induction caused by low TOR signaling levels.
Gaze shifts evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus in the head‐unrestrained cat. II. Effect of muscimol inactivation of the caudal fastigial nucleus

The medioposterior cerebellum [vermian lobules VI and VII and caudal fastigial nucleus (cFN)] is known to play a major role in the control of saccadic gaze shifts toward a visual target. To determine the relative contribution of the cFN efferent pathways to the brainstem reticular formation and to the superior colliculus (SC), we recorded in the head‐unrestrained cat the effects of cFN unilateral inactivation on gaze shifts evoked by electrical microstimulation of the deeper SC layers. Gaze shifts evoked after muscimol injection still exhibited the typical qualitative features of normal saccadic gaze shifts. Nevertheless, consistent modifications in amplitude and latency were observed. For ipsiversive movements (evoked by the SC contralateral to the inactivated cFN), these changes depended on the locus of stimulation on the motor map: for the anterior 2/3 of the SC, amplitude increased and latency tended to decrease; for the posterior 1/3 of the SC, amplitude decreased and latency increased. For the contraversive direction, amplitude moderately decreased and latency tended to increase for all but the caudal‐most stimulated SC site. These modifications of SC‐evoked gaze shifts during cFN inactivation differed from the ipsiversive hypermetria/contraversive hypometria pattern observed for visually triggered gaze shifts recorded during the same recording sessions. We conclude that (i) the topographical organization of gaze shift amplitude in the deeper SC layers is influenced by the cerebellum and is either severely distorted or demonstrates an amplitude reduction during inactivation of the contralateral or ipsilateral cFN, respectively; (ii) gaze shifts evoked by SC microstimulation and visually triggered gaze shifts either rely on distinct cerebellar‐dependent control processes or differ by the location of the caudal‐most active SC population. We present a functional scheme providing several predictions regarding the modulatory influence of the cerebellum on SC neuronal activities and on the topographical organization of fastigial–SC projections.
Airborne study of a multi-layer aerosol structure in the eastern Mediterranean observed with the airborne polarized lidar ALEX during a STAAARTE campaign (7 June 1997)

Abstract. We present a case study of tropospheric aerosol transport in the eastern Mediterranean, based on airborne measurements obtained south of Greece on 7 June 1997. Airborne observations (backscattering lidar at 0.532 m m with polarization measurements, in situ particle counters/sizers, and standard meteorological measurements) are complemented by monitoring with Meteosat visible and infrared images and a ground-based sun-photometer, air-mass back-trajectory computations, and meteorological analyses. As already observed from ground-based lidars in the Mediterranean region, the vertical structure of the lower troposphere appears complex, with a superposition of several turbid layers from the surface up to the clean free troposphere which is found here above 2 to 4 km in altitude. The aircraft observations also reveal an important horizontal variability. We identify the presence of depolarising dust from northern Africa in the most elevated turbid layer, which is relatively humid and has clouds embedded. The lowermost troposphere likely contains pollution water-soluble aerosols from eastern continental Greece, and an intermediate layer is found with a probable mixture of the two types of particles. The column optical depth at 0.55 m m estimated from Meteosat is in the range 0.15-0.35. It is used to constrain the aerosol backscattering-to-extinction ratio needed for the backscattering lidar data inversion. The column value of 0.017 sr -1 is found applicable to the various aerosol layers and allows us to derive the aerosol extinction vertical profile. The aerosol extinction coefficient ranges from 0.03 km -1 in the lower clean free troposphere to more than 0.25 km -1 in the marine boundary layer. Values are -1 in the elevated dust layer but its thickness makes it dominate the aerosol optical depth at some places.
General purpose MDE tools

MDE paradigm promises to release developers from writing code. The basis of this paradigm consists in working at such a level of abstraction that will make it easyer for analysts to detail the project to be undertaken. Using the model described by analysts, software tools will do the rest of the task, generating software that will comply with customer's defined requirements. The purpose of this study is to compare general purpose tools available right now that enable to put in practice the principles of this paradigm and aimed at generating a wide variety of applications composed by interactive multimedia and artificial intelligence components.
Tentorial mobility in centipedes (Chilopoda) revisited: 3D reconstruction of the mandibulo-tentorial musculature of Geophilomorpha

Abstract Mandibular mechanisms in Geophilomorpha are revised based on three-dimensional reconstructions of the mandibulo-tentorial complex and its muscular equipment in Dicellophilus carniolensis (Placodesmata) and Hydroschendyla submarina (Adesmata). Tentorial structure compares closely in the two species and homologies can be proposed for the 14/17 muscles that attach to the tentorium. Both species retain homologues of muscles that in other Pleurostigmophora are traditionally thought to cause swinging movements of the tentorium that complement the mobility of the mandibles. Although the original set of tentorial muscles is simplified in Geophilomorpha, the arrangement of the preserved homologues conforms to a system of six degrees of freedom of movement, as in non-geophilomorph Pleurostigmophora. A simplification of the mandibular muscles is confirmed for Geophilomorpha, but our results reject absence of muscles that in other Pleurostigmophora primarily support see-saw movements of the mandibles. In the construction of the tentorium, paralabial sclerites seem to be involved in neither Placodesmata nor Adesmata, and we propose their loss in Geophilomorpha as a whole. Current insights on the tentorial skeleton and its musculature permit two alternative conclusions on their transformation in Geophilomorpha: either tentorial mobility is primarily maintained in both Placodesmata and Adesmata (contrary to Manton’s arguments for immobility), or the traditional assumption of the tentorium as being mobile is a misinterpretation for Pleurostigmophora as a whole.
Age-Related Wayfinding Differences in Real Large-Scale Environments: Detrimental Motor Control Effects during Spatial Learning Are Mediated by Executive Decline?

The aim of this study was to evaluate motor control activity (active vs. passive condition) with regards to wayfinding and spatial learning difficulties in large-scale spaces for older adults. We compared virtual reality (VR)-based wayfinding and spatial memory (survey and route knowledge) performances between 30 younger and 30 older adults. A significant effect of age was obtained on the wayfinding performances but not on the spatial memory performances. Specifically, the active condition deteriorated the survey measure in all of the participants and increased the age-related differences in the wayfinding performances. Importantly, the age-related differences in the wayfinding performances, after an active condition, were further mediated by the executive measures. All of the results relative to a detrimental effect of motor activity are discussed in terms of a dual task effect as well as executive decline associated with aging.
Adaptive robust motion control of single-rod hydraulic actuators: Theory and experiments

High performance robust motion control of single-rod hydraulic actuators is considered. In contrast to the double-rod hydraulic actuators studied previously, the two chambers of a single-rod hydraulic actuator have different areas. As a result, the dynamic equations describing the pressure changes in the two chambers cannot be combined into a single load pressure equation. This complicates the controller design since it not only increases the dimension of the system to be dealt with but also brings in the stability issue of the added internal dynamics. A discontinuous projection based adaptive robust controller (ARC) is constructed. The controller is able to take into account not only the effect of parameter variations coming from the inertia load and various hydraulic parameters but also the effect of hard-to-model nonlinearities such as uncompensated friction forces and external disturbances. Extensive experimental results are obtained for the swing motion control of a hydraulic arm. In comparison to a state-of-the-art industrial motion controller, the proposed ARC algorithm achieves more than a magnitude reduction of tracking errors. Furthermore, during constant velocity and regulation periods, the ARC controller reduces the tracking errors almost down to the measurement resolution level.
Achieving Better Privacy for the 3GPP AKA Protocol

Abstract Proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a standard for 3G and 4G mobile-network communications, the AKA protocol is meant to provide a mutually-authenticated key-exchange between clients and associated network servers. As a result AKA must guarantee the indistinguishability from random of the session keys (key-indistinguishability), as well as client- and server-impersonation resistance. A paramount requirement is also that of client privacy, which 3GPP defines in terms of: user identity confidentiality, service untraceability, and location untraceability. Moreover, since servers are sometimes untrusted (in the case of roaming), the AKA protocol must also protect clients with respect to these third parties. Following the description of client-tracking attacks e.g. by using error messages or IMSI catchers, van den Broek et al. and respectively Arapinis et al. each proposed a new variant of AKA, addressing such problems. In this paper we use the approach of provable security to show that these variants still fail to guarantee the privacy of mobile clients. We propose an improvement of AKA, which retains most of its structure and respects practical necessities such as key-management, but which provably attains security with respect to servers and Man-in-the- Middle (MiM) adversaries. Moreover, it is impossible to link client sessions in the absence of client-corruptions. Finally, we prove that any variant of AKA retaining its mutual authentication specificities cannot achieve client-unlinkability in the presence of corruptions. In this sense, our proposed variant is optimal.