Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Use of Mindset and Efficacy Theory

Achievement theory and goal orientation have wide-ranging implications for almost every field of human endeavor because they speak to the motivation and responses to challenges that every person encounters. From the classroom professor to the operations manager of any company, there is a need to understand the interaction of people’s mindsets regarding achievement, and how those may influence the goals they set. The interaction of the mindset, goal, and challenges that occur, then result in responses as varied as walking off the job to responding with redoubled effort. Faced with a challenging assignment, why is it that two equally proficient individuals can have two extremely different responses? One volunteers for the task and seeks out new knowledge and resources to be successful, returning to the drawing board after setbacks and ultimately performs admirably. The other volunteers only grudgingly and in the face of the first setback, quits. Other bemusing behaviors of otherwise competent individuals include surface effort to complete an assignment or outright cheating to make it appear complete. These behaviors are all part of the study of motivation in psychology and can be explained by a number of social-cognitive theories. In addition to understanding this mechanism of motivation, those in roles of leadership also need concrete practices that will best orient their students/employees/volunteers towards mindsets and goals that enhance effort and perseverance while minimizing the practices that result in individuals giving up. Leaders, whether business or instructional, need to understand the links between achievement motivation, goal setting, and performance. They can then strategically support their associates to achieve despite challenges, and enable them to grow in the process.
Série Scientifique Scientific Series the Calibration of Probabilistic Economic Forecasts the Calibration of Probabilistic Economic Forecasts

CIRANO Le CIRANO est un organisme sans but lucratif constitué en vertu de la Loi des compagnies du Québec. Le financement de son infrastructure et de ses activités de recherche provient des cotisations de ses organisations-membres, d'une subvention d'infrastructure du Ministère du Développement économique et régional et de la Recherche, de même que des subventions et mandats obtenus par ses équipes de recherche. CIRANO is a private non-profit organization incorporated under the Québec Companies Act. Its infrastructure and research activities are funded through fees paid by member organizations, an infrastructure grant from the Ministère du Développement économique et régional et de la Recherche, and grants and research mandates obtained by its research teams. Le CIRANO collabore avec de nombreux centres et chaires de recherche universitaires dont on peut consulter la liste sur son site web. Les cahiers de la série scientifique (CS) visent à rendre accessibles des résultats de recherche effectuée au CIRANO afin de susciter échanges et commentaires. Ces cahiers sont écrits dans le style des publications scientifiques. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l'unique responsabilité des auteurs et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners. Résumé / Abstract Une prévision probabiliste représente la probabilité qu'un événement futur satisfasse une condition donnée. Un des aspects intéressants de ces prévisions est leur calibration, c'est-à-dire l'appariement entre les probabilités prédites et les probabilités réalisées. Dans le passé, la calibration a été évaluée en regroupant des probabilités de prévisions en catégories distinctes. Nous proposons d'utiliser des estimateurs à noyaux, qui sont plus efficaces et qui estiment une relation lisse entre les probabilités prédites et réalisées. Nous nous servons de ces estimations pour évaluer l'importance empirique des erreurs de calibration dans plusieurs pratiques économiques, telles que la prévision de récessions et de l'inflation. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons des prévisions historiques, ainsi que des pseudoprévisions effectuées à l'aide de données telles qu'elles étaient au moment de la prévision. Nous analysons les résultats en utilisant autant des estimations préliminaires que des estimations tardives, ces dernières incorporant parfois des révisions importantes. Nous trouvons une forte évidence empirique d'une calibration erronée des prévisions professionnelles de récession et d'inflation. Nous présentons aussi …
Coverage Analysis Techniques for HDL Design Validation

ion Until now, the functional verification at RTL is still mostly done by simulating the HDL designs with a massive amount of test patterns. In a typical design environment, the quality of the test mainly depends on the designers understanding of the design and is not measurable. Therefore, more objective methods, which use some well-defined functional coverage metrics to perform a quantitative analysis of simulation completeness, are proposed and rapidly getting popular. For this purpose, many functional coverage metrics are proposed to verify the designs written in HDL. We will present a survey on several popular functional coverage metrics first in this paper. In order to monitor the coverage during simulation, a dedicated tool is required besides the simulator. Several commercial tools for Verilog and VHDL code coverage are now available. We will then introduce three popular approaches of coverage measurement in this paper.
A modified algorithm for sar parallel imaging using digital wavefront reconstruction

A new approach for parallel implementation of synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imaging is presented. This approach is based on time domain correlation(TDC) which reconstructs radar imaging in spatial domain via Fourier transform using wave equation inversion theory. TDC algorithm can be modified for parallel implementation since it reconstructs images via matched filtering without any need for approximation or interpolation. The two-dimensional matched filtering of TDC-based algorithm for SAR imaging can be transformed into separate one-dimensional operations along range or azimuth direction. Therefore it can be implemented in real time by using an array-processor or a parallel computer with the same program and at the same duration. The modified approach and its practical reconstruction algorithm are described. Simulations for SAR parallel imaging processing are presented and the preliminary simulation results are acquired and analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed algorithm can be used to develop high resolution image in real time SAR parallel image processing.
Factors Impacting Food Workers' and Managers' Safe Food Preparation Practices: A Qualitative Study

©SUMMARY This study collected data on food workers’ self-reported food safety practices and beliefs about factors that impacted their ability to prepare food safely. Eleven focus groups were conducted with food service workers and managers in which they discussed their current implementation of seven food preparation practices (handwashing, hot holding, etc.), and the factors they believed impacted their safe implementation of those practices. Some participants reported unsafe food preparation practices, such as inappropriate glove use and not checking the temperatures of cooked, reheated, and cooled foods. Most participants, however, reported safe practices (e.g., washing their hands after preparing raw meat). Participants identified a number of factors that impacted their ability to prepare food safely, including time pressure; structural environments, equipment, and resources; management and coworker emphasis on food safety; worker characteristics; negative consequences for those who do not prepare food safely; food safety education and training; restaurant procedures; and glove and sanitizer use. Results suggest that food safety programs need to address the full range of factors that impact food preparation behaviors.
Mindfulness modulated attention with neurofeedback in multiple object tracking

MINDFULNESS MODULATED ATTENTION WITH NEUROFEEDBACK IN MULTIPLE OBJECT TRACKING by Jennifer M. Brennan Attention determines what we selectively perceive out of all available stimuli. The multiple-object tracking paradigm is a way of examining divided attention for object tracking in a complex visual scene. Mindfulness is a broad term for a set of diverse and specific methods for distinct attentional engagement and is one technique for increasing visual attentional ability and decreasing distractibility. Neurofeedback can be a way of enhancing mindfulness training for novice participants. This study examined the relationship between attention and mindfulness with neurofeedback through performance on a multiple-object tracking task and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. We examined the effectiveness of using a brief mindfulness session to bring about state mindfulness and cognitive enhancement. All participants (N=90) performed a session of the multiple-object tracking task before and after either a mindfulness or relaxation intervention. Additionally half of the participants in the mindfulness training condition received neurofeedback. Results demonstrated that a single, brief mindfulness training session with neurofeedback was successful in increasing divided attention ability and was sufficient for bringing about an increased mindfulness state. An effect of mindfulness without neurofeedback on attention was not found. Results have implications for the use of brief mindfulness practices in a laboratory setting that could be applicable to a real world setting and the feasibility of neurofeedback as a mindfulness training tool.
Virus and host genomic, molecular, and cellular interactions during Marek's disease pathogenesis and oncogenesis

Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is a chicken alphaherpesvirus that causes paralysis, chronic wasting, blindness, and fatal lymphoma development in infected, susceptible host birds. This disease and its protective vaccines are highly relevant research targets, given their enormous impact within the poultry industry. Further, Marek's disease (MD) serves as a valuable model for the investigation of oncogenic viruses and herpesvirus patterns of viral latency and persistence—as pertinent to human health as to poultry health. The objectives of this article are to review MDV interactions with its host from a variety of genomic, molecular, and cellular perspectives. In particular, we focus on cytogenetic studies, which precisely assess the physical status of the MDV genome in the context of the chicken host genome. Combined, the cytogenetic and genomic research indicates that MDV-host genome interactions, specifically integration of the virus into the host telomeres, is a key feature of the virus life cycle, contributing to the viral achievement of latency, transformation, and reactivation of lytic replication. We present a model that outlines the variety of virus-host interactions, at the multiple levels, and with regard to the disease states.
Asymptotic performance analysis of DOA finding algorithms with temporally correlated narrowband signals

This article focuses on the asymptotic performance analysis of general direction-of-arrival (DOA) finding algorithms under the stochastic model assumption in which source and noise signals are possibly non-Gaussian and possibly temporally correlated. We prove, in particular, that all the covariance-based DOA estimators are sensitive to the temporal correlation of the sources when the noise is temporally correlated; otherwise, most of them are insensitive to the temporal correlation of the sources, except for the Toeplitzation and the augmentation techniques.
Optimization towards Consolidation or Throughput for Multi-thread Software

This work presents a special class of a data flow oriented optimization tool that finds the optimal number of threads for multi-thread software. Threads are assumed to encapsulate concurrent executable key functionalities, are connected through finite capacity queues, and require certain hardware resources. We show how a combination of measurement and calculation, based on Queueing Theory, leads to an algorithm which recursively determines the best combination of threads, i.e. the best configuration of the multi-thread software on a specific host. The algorithm proceeds on the directed graph of a queueing network which models this software. Optimization towards hardware consolidation, where CPU cores, memory, disk space and speed, and network bandwidth are constraints, but also towards throughput is described. Two experiments on different SUN machines verify our optimization approach.
New Strategies for Assigning Real-Time Tasks to Multiprocessor Systems

Optimal scheduling of real-time tasks on multiprocessor systems is known to be computationally intractable for large task sets. Any practical scheduling algorithm for assigning real-time tasks to a multiprocessor system presents a trade-off between its computational complexity and its performance. In this study, new schedulability conditions are presented for homogeneous multiprocessor systems where individual processors execute the rate-monotonic scheduling algorithm. The conditions are used to develop new strategies for assigning real-time tasks to processors. The performance of the new strategies is shown to be significantly better than suggested by the existing literature. Under the realistic assumption that the load of each real-time task is small compared to the processing speed of each processor, it is shown that the processors can be almost fully utilized.
Blunted muscle angiogenic training-response in COPD patients versus sedentary controls

The impaired skeletal muscle of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients reduces exercise capacity. Similar to the oxidative muscle fibres, the angio-adaptation of muscle to training may be blunted in these patients, as in other chronic conditions. We therefore compared muscle functional responses and angio-adaptations after training in COPD patients and sedentary healthy subjects (SHS). 24 COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 45.6±17.5% predicted) and 23 SHS (<150 min·week−1 of moderate-to-vigorous exercise) completed a 6-week rehabilitation programme based on individualised moderate-intensity endurance training. Histomorphological muscle analysis and measurements of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and anti-angiogenic thrombospondin (TSP)-1 were conducted before and after training. COPD patients and SHS showed improved symptom-limited oxygen consumption and muscle endurance, although improvements were lower in COPD patients (+0.96±2.4 versus +2.9±2.6 mL·kg−1·min−1, p<0.05, and +65% versus +108%, p=0.06, respectively). The capillary-to-fibre (C/F) ratio increased less in COPD patients than SHS (+16±10% versus +37±20%, p<0.05) and no fibre type switch occurred in COPD patients. The VEGF-A/TSP-1 ratio increased in COPD patients and SHS (+65% versus +35%, p<0.05). Changes in C/F and symptom-limited oxygen consumption were correlated (r=0.51, p<0.05). In addition to a lack of fibre switch, COPD patients displayed a blunted angiogenic response to training.
A Qualidade do Relacionamento do Familiar Cuidador com o Familiar Portador de Demência: Revisão Integrativa

A qualidade de vida do individuo pode acelerar o envelhecimento, com isto, a susceptibilidade de patologias, tal como, a demencia, a qual se apresenta como uma das principais morbidades desta faixa etaria. Objetivo: caracterizar a qualidade do relacionamento do familiar cuidador com o familiar portador de demencia. Metodo: revisao integrativa de literatura de artigos completos disponiveis nas bases de dados Brock Library, Scielo, Pubmed, CINAHL e Google Academico, por meio dos descritores “Cuidadores”, “Demencia”, “Doenca de Alzheimer”, “Relacoes Interpessoais” e “Relacoes Familiares”, em portugues ou ingles, publicados no periodo de 2005 a 2015. Resultados: foram identificados 21 artigos, os quais apontam para uma sobrecarga do cuidador, independente dele ser o cuidador familiar principal ou nao. Esta situacao acaba por gerar doencas no proprio cuidador advindas da relacao da diade cuidador-familiar demente. Conclusoes: constatou-se que o cuidador do familiar demenciado apresenta-se com uma alta sobrecarga, o que repercute negativamente na sua saude mental e fisica. Independente do grau da doenca e da caracteristica do cuidador a qualidade do relacionamento e negativa.
Emotional Ambivalence in Risk Behaviors: The Case of Occasional Excessive Use of Alcohol

The purpose of this paper is to study the differential and complementary role played by the theory of planned behavior (TPB) variables and by participants' emotions when recalling and describing previous experiences of such risk behavior in the prediction of the intention to repeat a risk behavior in the immediate future. We chose the behavior of occasional excessive drinking, a risk behavior characterized by evoking attitudinal ambivalence and eliciting mixed emotions, joy and sadness. The results show that emotional ambivalence is not equivalent to attitudinal ambivalence (whose indexes include that of the affective component), and that this emotional information is relevant for predicting the intention to repeat the risk behavior in the near future, enhancing the prediction of the TPB model. En este trabajo estudiamos el papel diferencial y complementario que juegan las emociones sentidas cuando se recuerda y describe una experiencia personal pasada en la conducta de riesgo junto con las variables clásicas de la teoría de la conducta planificada en la predicción de la intención de repetir dicha conducta de riesgo en un futuro cercano. Hemos elegido la conducta de beber puntualmente alcohol en exceso, una conducta caracterizada por evocar actitudes ambivalentes y emociones mixtas (alegría y tristeza). Los resultados muestran que la ambivalencia emocional no es equivalente a la ambivalencia actitudinal (cuyos índices incluyen la ambivalencia del componente afectivo de las actitudes), y que esta información emocional es un factor relevante para predecir mejor la intención de repetir la conducta de riesgo en el futuro cercano.
Reporting Misconduct of a Coworker to Protect a Patient: A Comparison between Experienced Nurses and Nursing Students

Purpose. Whistleblowing is the reporting of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practices to persons or organizations that may affect the action. The current study compares experienced nurses to nursing students regarding their willingness to blow the whistle to protect a patient's interests. Methods. 165 participants were divided into two groups: 82 undergraduate nursing students and 83 experienced nurses. Participants responded to two vignettes that described a colleague's and a manager's misconduct at work. Results. The nursing students perceived the severity of the misconduct significantly lower compared to the experienced nurses. The nursing students also ranked the internal and external whistleblowing indices higher than the nurses, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. For each of the examined internal and external indices, professional experience was found to be significant in multivariate regression analyses. Conclusions. Even though nursing students perceived the severity of the misconduct significantly lower than the experienced nurses, the students demonstrated a greater readiness to blow the whistle, both internally and externally. Recommendations for handling comparable situations are offered.
Oceanic processes associated with anomalous events in the Indian Ocean with relevance to 1997–1998

An anomalous climatic event occurred in the Indian Ocean (IO) region during 1997–1998, which coincided with a severe drought in Indonesia and floods in parts of eastern Africa. Cool sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) were present in the eastern IO along and south of the equator. Beginning in July 1997, warm SSTAs appeared in the western IO, and they peaked in February 1998. An ocean general circulation model is employed to investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic processes that caused the SSTAs associated with this and other similar IO events. The eastern cooling resulted from unusually strong upwelling along the equator and Sumatra. The Sumatran upwelling was forced both locally by the stronger alongshore winds and remotely by equatorial and coastal Kelvin waves. By the end of 1997, weakening of the winds and the associated reduction in latent heat loss led to the elimination of the cold SST anomalies in the east. The western warming was initiated by weaker Southwest Monsoon winds and maintained by enhanced precipitation forcing, which resulted in a barrier layer structure. Analysis of the mixed layer temperature equation indicates that a downwelling Rossby wave contribution was crucial for sustaining the warming into February 1998. It is tempting to suppose that the 1997 event was related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event that took place in the Pacific at the same time. Indeed, weaker IO events occur quite regularly in the control run that evolve similarly to the 1997 event, and they are often but not always related to ENSO. We speculate that these events represent a natural mode of oscillation in the IO, which is externally forced by ENSO but also excited by ocean-atmosphere interactions internal to the IO.
Self-Metamorphic-Testing Components

An approach to improve the testability of a program is to augment that program with mechanisms specific to testing tools, i.e. to enhance the program with self-testability. In particular, this can decrease the amount of information which a human tester needs to thoroughly test and can simplify the testing process. Most approaches to self-testability, however, assume a given test suite and implement means for test execution. Few approaches address test case generation and test evaluation. This paper presents an approach to self-testability which encompasses test case generation and test evaluation. The approach presented is an integration of the self-testing COTS components (STECC) method and the metamorphic testing approach
Teachers’ Perceptions of Female Student Aggression at an All-Girls School

There has been limited research into how teachers view and respond to relational aggression in girls. The existing research is largely quantitative and questionnaire based and has indicated that gender stereotypes may influence teachers’ perceptions of female aggression. The present study adopted a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews to explore how seven teachers (six females and one male) working in a single-sex girls’ school experienced and perceived female student aggression. The results were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and three themes were identified: the physicality of female aggression, aggression as the presence or absence of control, and community—aggression as a means of expressing belonging. These themes were discussed in the context of the need for a new language of female aggression, which promoted a genuine language of assertion for girls and women.