Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
onNote: a musical interface using markerless physical scores

Intuitive music playing using various digital musical instruments with specific tangible interfaces has become one of the ways to enjoy the music experience [Jorda et al. 2007]. When we start studying music, we need to learn how to read musical scores to understand the different instrumental parts and also understand the melody, rhythm, fingering and so on. However, reading scores is often a difficult task for beginners and could create a barrier for playing music. To solve this problem, we purpose a novel musical interface system named "onNote". In this system, physical markerless musical scores are used as instruments to play music intuitively (see Figure 1). The notes on the score are captured by a camera and are processed by the system which retrieves the music from a score database. In addition, the system can do a real-time recognition of the paper's position and the rotation. Thus, by physically moving and connecting the musical scores we can play music intuitively.
Mindfulness, attention, and flow during music listening: An empirical investigation

This study investigated the effects of a brief mindfulness meditation induction technique on perceived attention, aesthetic response, and flow during music listening as measured by Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI) and questionnaire. Participants were students enrolled in music classes or ensembles at a comprehensive university in the southeastern United States (N = 132), and were randomly assigned to one of four groups: mindfulness induction paired with aesthetic response (n = 34), mindfulness induction paired with flow response (n = 35), aesthetic response (n = 32), or flow response (n = 31). Responses to questionnaire items suggests that participants experienced a subjective ‘heightening’ of attention during music listening compared to baseline in all conditions, with no specific modification attributable to the mindfulness task. However, a majority of respondents in the mindfulness groups reported that the task had modified their listening experience by increasing their ability to focus on the music without distraction. Composite CRDI graphs suggest unique response patterns between groups based on both the presence of a mindfulness task as well as the construct for focus of attention. Additionally, verbal accounts suggest phenomenological differences between flow and aesthetic responses, with each accounting for a unique type of heightened and positively valenced affective experience.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation in the Management of Behavioural Disturbance in Alzheimer's Disease

Behavioural disturbances such as anxiety, irritability, and agitation are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and make a substantial contribution to the disability of the disease. These symptoms often are treated with psychotropic medication, which can lead to undesired or even dangerous side effects, such as sedation and increased risk for falls. Development of effective nonpharmacological treatments for behavioural disturbance is a desirable component of care for patients with AD, and the goal of the presentstudy was to develop such a treatment. We focused on progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), which we conceptualised as a motor memory skill that AD patients likely would be able to learn, given their relatively preserved procedural learning abilities. It was hypothesised that training in progressive muscle relaxation would lead to a reduction of psychiatric and behavioural difficulties in AD patients, and possibly, to improved performance on cognitive screening measures. Thirty-four patients and their c.
THE PROMISE KEEPERS' USE OF SPORT IN DEFINING “CHRISTLIKE” MASCULINITY

This article analyzes how a fundamentalist Christian movement, the Promise Keepers, uses sport in its literature as a means of promoting a specific style of masculinity and male leadership, which is referred to as “Christlike” masculinity. Two books foundational to the Promise Keepers' ideology, What Makes a Man and Seven Promises of a Promise Keeper, serve as the basis for this research. A critical feminist analysis is used to examine the ways in which sport is used to construct a masculinity that encourages a patriarchal ideology. Highlighted are three ways in which sport is employed to support a patriarchal ideology. These include using sport as a demonstration of masculine qualities that are linked with superior leadership, using sport as a means to rally men around male superiority, and using sport images and metaphors to conjure mental images of male superiority.
Fast Single-Pair SimRank Computation

SimRank is an intuitive and effective measure for link-based similarity that scores similarity between two nodes as the first-meeting probability of two random surfers, based on the random surfer model. However, when a user queries the similarity of a given node-pair based on SimRank, the existing approaches need to compute the similarities of other node-pairs beforehand, which we call an all-pair style. In this paper, we propose a Single-Pair SimRank approach. Without accuracy loss, this approach performs an iterative computation to obtain the similarity of a single node-pair. The time cost of our Single-Pair SimRank is always less than All-Pair SimRank and obviously efficient when we only need to assess similarity of one or a few node-pairs. We confirm the accuracy and efficiency of our approach in extensive experimental studies over synthetic and real datasets.
FLEXIBLE ICA IN COMPLEX AND NONLINEAR ENVIRONMENT BY AN MUTUAL INFORMATION APPROACH

This paper introduces an Independent Component Analysis (ICA) approach to the separation of nonlinear mixtures in the complex domain. Source separation is performed by the minimization of output mutual information (MMI approach). Nonlinear complex functions involved in the processing are realized by the so called “splitting functions” which work on the real and the imaginary part of the signal respectively. Some experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method are shown.
The SnRK1A Protein Kinase Plays a Key Role in Sugar Signaling during Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice[W]

Sugars repress α-amylase expression in germinating embryos and cell cultures of rice (Oryza sativa) through a sugar response complex (SRC) in α-amylase gene promoters and its interacting transcription factor MYBS1. The Snf1 protein kinase is required for the derepression of glucose-repressible genes in yeast. In this study, we explored the role of the yeast Snf1 ortholog in rice, SnRK1, in sugar signaling and plant growth. Rice embryo transient expression assays indicated that SnRK1A and SnRK1B act upstream and relieve glucose repression of MYBS1 and αAmy3 SRC promoters. Both SnRK1s contain N-terminal kinase domains serving as activators and C-terminal regulatory domains as dominant negative regulators of SRC. The accumulation and activity of SnRK1A was regulated by sugars posttranscriptionally, and SnRK1A relieved glucose repression specifically through the TA box in SRC. A transgenic RNA interference approach indicated that SnRK1A is also necessary for the activation of MYBS1 and αAmy3 expression under glucose starvation. Two mutants of SnRK1s, snrk1a and snrk1b, were obtained, and the functions of both SnRK1s were further studied. Our studies demonstrated that SnRK1A is an important intermediate in the sugar signaling cascade, functioning upstream from the interaction between MYBS1 and αAmy3 SRC and playing a key role in regulating seed germination and seedling growth in rice.
The technical hypothesis of motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis of MI's key causal model.

OBJECTIVE The technical hypothesis of motivational interviewing (MI) posits that therapist-implemented MI skills are related to client speech regarding behavior change and that client speech predicts client outcome. The current meta-analysis is the first aggregate test of this proposed causal model. METHOD A systematic literature review, using stringent inclusion criteria, identified 16 reports describing 12 primary studies. We used review methods to calculate the inverse-variance-weighted pooled correlation coefficient for the therapist-to-client and the client-to-outcome paths across multiple targeted behaviors (i.e., alcohol or illicit drug use, other addictive behaviors). RESULTS Therapist MI-consistent skills were correlated with more client language in favor of behavior change (i.e., change talk; r = .26, p < .0001), but not less client language against behavior change (i.e., sustain talk; r = .10, p = .09). MI-inconsistent skills were associated with less change talk (r = -.17, p = .001) as well as more sustain talk (r = .07, p = .009). Among these studies, client change talk was not associated with follow-up outcome (r = .06, p = .41), but sustain talk was associated with worse outcome (r = -.24, p = .001). In addition, studies examining composite client language (e.g., an average of negative and positive statements) showed an overall positive relationship with client behavior change (r = .12, p = .006; k = 6). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides an initial test and partial support for a key causal model of MI efficacy. Recommendations for MI practitioners, clinical supervisors, and process researchers are provided.
The role of mental toughness, psychological skills and team cohesion in soccer performance

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a relative lack of information in sport psychology research literature about the role of psychological dimensions in team sport – especially in soccer (Reilly et al., 2000). It is consequently not surprising that research on applied strategies in soccer has concentrated mainly on technical, tactical and physiological aspects. This defies anecdotal evidence and literature reports alluding to the importance of psychological and team factors in achieving sport excellence. This study examined the role of mental toughness, psychological skills and team cohesion in soccer performance. It also considered differences between individuals from different playing positions regarding these modalities. A total of 263 male soccer players aged between 17 and 32 years from 16 South African tertiary institutions participated in the study. A cross-sectional study design was used to determine the players’ mental toughness, psychological skills and team cohesion by means of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ); the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28); and the Group Environmental Questionnaire (GEQ). The final log standings at the 2012 University Sport South Africa (USSA) Soccer Championship were used as an indication of team performance. The results yielded differences between successful and less successful teams with regard to age, previous tournament experience, and the time players had been part of their respective teams. There were no significant differences between the teams for any of the mental toughness and psychological skills scores. However, group cohesion did play a role in team performance. The more successful teams scored better than their less successful counterparts in the following subscales of the GEQ: Individual attraction to group-social and individual attraction to group-task. However, the less successful teams scored better than their more successful counterparts regarding group integration-task, and group integration-social. Practical significant differences of moderate magnitude were observed for five of the 96 player positional comparisons. Midfielders scored higher than the defenders and forwards on the control subscale of the SMTQ. The forwards recorded higher scores than midfielders with regard to the GEQ subscale of group integration-task, whereas goalkeepers yielded higher scores than midfielders on the group integration-task subscale. There was a difference between the scores on the constancy subscale of the SMTQ where the defenders outscored the midfielders. No positional differences were recorded for any of the psychological skills. The overall results revealed that at the developmental level of the study sample, team cohesion and other moderating variables might be the key to enhanced performance of soccer teams. In addition, the results supported the general assumption that a relationship exists between playing positions in team sports and various psychological variables. %%%%AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is ’n relatiewe gebrek aan navorsingsliteratuur…
Happily Single

Although prior research suggests that single people experience lower well-being than those involved in romantic relationships, the effect of relationship status is small. Moreover, relationships can be a source of hurt and conflict, which single people can avoid. The current research examined for whom being involved in a relationship versus being single enhances versus undermines well-being by testing whether social goals moderated the link between relationship status and (1) daily life satisfaction (Study 1, N = 187, undergraduate sample) and (2) life satisfaction/well-being across time (Study 2, N = 4,024, nationally representative sample). In both studies, single people high in avoidance goals who strive to prevent relationship conflict and disagreements were just as happy as people involved in a relationship. In addition, individuals high in approach goals who strive to enhance relationship closeness experienced greater life satisfaction/well-being but particularly when they were involved in a relationship (Study 2).
WAVELET SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE FOR FACE RECOGNITION

In this paper a tool system with wavelet support vector machine (WSVM) under dimension reduction for face recognition is proposed. Eigenfaces and fisherfaces are the major methods used to reduce the dimension of face images in the proposed face recognition tool system. At the same time, noise interference image cases, namely Gaussian noise, with no ears and no eyes are also considered in this paper. Finally, the implementation of proposed system is based on object-oriented design software; the dimension reduction and wavelet kernel support vector machine are applied to the proposed tool system that can deal with face recognition problems in different environments.
Role of Nitric Oxide in Cardiovascular Adaptation to Intermittent Hypoxia

Hypoxia is one of the most frequently encountered stresses in health and disease. The duration, frequency, and severity of hypoxic episodes are critical factors determining whether hypoxia is beneficial or harmful. Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to confer cardiovascular protection against more severe and sustained hypoxia, and, moreover, to protect against other stresses, including ischemia. Thus, the direct and cross protective effects of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia have been used for treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases and to increase efficiency of exercise training. Evidence is mounting that nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in these adaptive mechanisms. NO-dependent protective mechanisms activated by intermittent hypoxia include stimulation of NO synthesis as well as restriction of NO overproduction. In addition, alternative, nonenzymic sources of NO and negative feedback of NO synthesis are important factors in optimizing NO concentrations. The adaptive enhancement of NO synthesis and/or availability activates or increases expression of other protective factors, including heat shock proteins, antioxidants and prostaglandins, making the protection more robust and sustained. Understanding the role of NO in mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia will support development of therapies to prevent and treat hypoxic or ischemic damage to organs and cells and to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism.
The Vascular Biology of Atherosclerosis and Imaging Targets

The growing worldwide health challenge of atherosclerosis, together with advances in imaging technologies, have stimulated considerable interest in novel approaches to gauging this disease. The last several decades have witnessed a burgeoning in understanding of the molecular pathways involved in atherogenesis, lesion progression, and the mechanisms underlying the complications of human atherosclerotic plaques. The imaging of atherosclerosis is reaching beyond anatomy to encompass assessment of aspects of plaque biology related to the pathogenesis and complication of the disease. The harnessing of these biologic insights promises to provide a plethora of new targets for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. The goals for the years to come must include translation of the experimental work to visualization of these appealing biologic targets in humans.
Extraction and Analysis of Strontium in Water Sample Using a Sr2+ Selective Polymer as the Absorbent Phase

A kind of Sr2+ selective resin was applied as an absorption phase to extract Sr2+ ion from an aqueous solution, and the amount of Sr2+ was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Factors, including absorption time, temperature, stirring rate, salt-out effect, desorption, and the pH of the aqueous solution, were investigated to optimize the absorption efficiency of Sr2+. Foreign ions were examined to observe their effects on the absorption behavior of Sr2+. The optimum condition was absorption time at 20 min, pH of aqueous solution 7, temperature of 35°C, and 600 rpm stirring rate. A 10 mL solution of 0.1 mol/L HCl is used as the desorption agent. The linear range of Sr2+ concentrations from 50 to 1200 μg/L was investigated with the slope of 183 μg/L. The limit of detection was 21 μg/L with 4.23% relative standard deviation. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9947. Under the optimized conditions, the concentrations of Sr2+ in four water samples were detected by the developed method. We propose that this method effectively extracts strontium ion from environmental water samples.
Phylogenetic divergence in leatherside chub (Gila copei) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences

We examined intra‐specific phylogenetic relationships in leatherside chub, Gila copei. The complete mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) was sequenced for 30 individuals from 10 populations that span the geographical distribution of this species. Traditional phylogenetic analyses revealed two deeply divergent and evolutionarily distinct mtDNA clades that are geographically separated in northern and southern drainage basins. Inter‐population sequence variation between clades ranged from 7.7 to 8.1%. The northern clade was genetically more similar and phylogenetically more closely related to the selected out‐group Lepidomeda m. mollispinus than to the southern clade, suggesting that the taxonomy of this species may require revision. Sequence variation among populations within clades ranged from 0 to 0.3% in the north and from 0 to 0.7% in the south. Statistical parsimony was used to construct phylogenetic networks of haplotypes within clades. Nested clade analysis revealed that geographical fragmentation has played an important role in genetic structuring within northern and southern clades.
Conceptual distinctions for traceability of history of law

The history of law is a recurrent historical topic in academic activity in schools of law, an in legal and legislative activity. The problem of legislative traceability is a major problem for studies of the history of the law because it allows to go to the detail of contemporary articulated and know their origin in terms of changes in laws passed, whether previously introduced ideas in addition to the information context. This paper presents a conceptual framework for traceability of the law. Additionally a successful experience of implementing this conceptual framework is described, as in the case of portal History of Law belonging to the Library of Congress of Chile. Whereas the traceability of the law is a major problem for studies of the history of law it is fundamental to distinct terms and conceptual models to guide the process of implementation of traceability of the law.
Effects of calcium deficiency on chondrocyte hypertrophy and type X collagen expression in chick embryonic sternum

Maintenance of chick embryos in long‐term culture without their calcareous eggshell is a useful method for studying the relationship between calcium homeostasis and cell differentiation during skeletogenesis. Previously, we have shown that in shell‐less (SL) embryos, calcium deficiency induces a cartilage‐like phenotype in osteogenic tissues, such as calvaria (Jacenko and Tuan [1986] Dev. Biol. 115:215). In this investigation, we have studied the relationship between cartilage calcification and hypertrophy, and the expression of type X collagen, a specific product of hypertrophic chondrocytes. For this study, the cephalic (calcifying) and caudal (permanently cartilaginous) regions of sterna from day 18 and day 20 normal (NL) and SL embryos were metabolically labeled with [14C]‐proline. Analysis of the biosynthetic products revealed significant differences in type X collagen expression in the cephalic region of sternal cartilage. In NL tissues, type X collagen production increased from 13.1% of total collagen at day 18 to 43.7% at day 20. In contrast, in SL embryos, type X collagen was not detectable until day 20, when it represented only 1% of total collagen. Comparison of the NL and SL embryos with respect to their serum calcium level and sternal calcium content and histology revealed a direct relationship between low systemic calcium and limited cartilage hypertrophy, undermineralization, and decreased type X collagen production in the sternal cephalic cartilage. Supplementation of CaCO3 to SL embryos increased their serum and sternal calcium, and restored cartilage hypertrophy, mineralization, and type X collagen synthesis in the cephalic portion of the sterna. These findings confirm that a critical relationship exists between calcium homeostasis, chondrocyte hypertrophy, mineralization, and type X collagen synthesis in the cephalic region of sternal cartilage. These results further demonstrate the importance of calcium in the morphogenetic events of endochondral ossification, in particular the transition from hyaline cartilage to hypertrophic cartilage, and eventually to bone. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Professionalization of Legislatures: Long-Term Change in Political Recruitment in Denmark and Norway

Everywhere a disparity can be observed between the socioeconomic composition of the electorate and the composition of the elected, representative body, which acts as a legislature for the society. Microcosm and macro- cosm are never identical; the legislature never mirrors the population at large. This is a universal generalization. It holds true for all representative systems at all times. It is furthermore true that the character of this disparity differs cross-nationally and over time: each legislature is unique in this sense.
Imaginary Companions and the Children Who Create Them

Preface 1. Introduction 2. What Are Imaginary Companions Like? 3. The Characteristics of Children Who Create Imaginary Companions 4. Why Do Children Create Imaginary Companions? 5. Do Children Think Their Imaginary Companions Are Real? 6. What Happens to the Imaginary Companions Created in Early Childhood? 7. Do Older Children and Adults Create Imaginary Companions? 8. Fantasy in the Lives of Children and Adults Notes References Acknowledgments Permissions Index