Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of inductance and current rating of the coil and enhancement of fault current limiting capability of a rectifier type superconducting fault current limiter

A rectifier type superconducting fault current limiter is mainly composed of a rectifier using diodes and/or thyristors, and a superconducting coil. It has advantages in the following aspects. It can control the fault current level by controlling the coil current. AC losses can be reduced because the current through the superconducting coil is rectified DC current. But the longer the fault current limiting time is, the larger the superconducting coil current becomes and the fault current level increases due to the increase of the coil current. This paper shows how to reduce the inductance and current rating of the coil and how to increase the fault current limiting capability. The idea is to put a resistor in series with the superconducting coil for absorbing the incoming energy into the coil and turn on and off the switching device connected in parallel with the resistor in order to control the coil current in a pre-set region. Simulation results assuming the fault current limiter as an inter-connecting device between a generator of IPP (independent power producers) and utility grids, and some experimental results with a laboratory model will be shown.
Random regression models for human immunodeficiency virus ribonucleic acid data subject to left censoring and informative drop‐outs

Objectives in many longitudinal studies of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include the estimation of population average trajectories of HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) over time and tests for differences in trajectory across subgroups. Special features that are often inherent in the underlying data include a tendency for some HIV RNA levels to be below an assay detection limit, and for individuals with high initial levels or high ranges of change to drop out of the study early because of illness or death. We develop a likelihood for the observed data that incorporates both of these features. Informative drop‐outs are handled by means of an approach previously published by Schluchter. Using data from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study, we implement a maximum likelihood procedure to estimate initial HIV RNA levels and slopes within a population, compare these parameters across subgroups of HIV‐infected women and illustrate the importance of appropriate treatment of left censoring and informative drop‐outs. We also assess model assumptions and consider the prediction of random intercepts and slopes in this setting. The results suggest that marked bias in estimates of fixed effects, variance components and standard errors in the analysis of HIV RNA data might be avoided by the use of methods like those illustrated.
Geometrical shadowing of a random rough surface

In the context of the backscattering of waves from a random rough surface, a theoretical model is used to investigate the geometrical self-shadowing of a surface described by Gaussian statistics. Expressions are derived for various shadowing probabilities as functions of the parameter characterizing surface roughness and of the angle of incidence of the illuminating beam. The theoretical shadowing functions compare closely with those obtained experimentally from a recent computer simulation of a Gaussian surface.
Location Adaptive Motion Recognition Based on Wi-Fi Feature Enhancement

Action recognition is essential in security monitoring, home care, and behavior analysis. Traditional solutions usually leverage particular devices, such as smart watches, infrared/visible cameras, etc. These methods may narrow the application areas due to the risk of privacy leakage, high equipment cost, and over/under-exposure. Using wireless signals for motion recognition can effectively avoid the above problems. However, the motion recognition technology based on Wi-Fi signals currently has some defects, such as low resolution caused by narrow signal bandwidth, poor environmental adaptability caused by the multi-path effect, etc., which make it hard for commercial applications. To solve the above problems, we first propose and implement a position adaptive motion recognition method based on Wi-Fi feature enhancement, which is composed of an enhanced Wi-Fi features module and an enhanced convolution Transformer network. Meanwhile, we improve the generalization ability in the signal processing stage to avoid building an extremely complex model and reduce the demand for system hardware. To verify the generalization of the method, we implement real-world experiments using 9300 network cards and the PicoScenes software platform for data acquisition and processing. By contrast with the baseline method using original channel state information(CSI) data, the average accuracy of our algorithm is improved by 14% in different positions and over 16% in different orientations. Meanwhile, our method has best performance with an accuracy of 90.33% compared with the existing models on public datasets WiAR and WiDAR.
Micro-Temperature Measurements on Semiconductor Laser Mirrors by Reflectance Modulation: A Newly Developed Technique for Laser Characterization

Thermoreflectance measurements performed for the first time on laser diode mirrors have supplied a vast amount of novel information. Heating efficiency has been found to depend sensitively on the mirror treatment, the mirror structure design, the geometry of a deposited heat spreader, the type of coupling of the laser to a heat sink, the number of active quantum wells, the type of cladding layer and the strength of lattice disorder at the mirror surfaces. Degradation processes have been observed in real time by continuously monitoring the mirror temperature. Dark line defects formed during laser operation exhibit a temperature gradually increasing with time. The mirrors suffer catastrophic optical damage within seconds after having reached a critical temperature. Temperature maps show a striking localized hot spot within the optical near-field pattern.
Analysis of time-varying signals with small BT values

We compare four different methods for analyzing time-varying signals, the frequency and amplitude of which are both varying (small BT signals, where B is the bandwidth and T the duration). All four methods give results which depend on the frequency bandwidth of the analyzing filter. But the modified moving window method (MMWM) (Kodera et al. [10]) is the one which gives the most significant result whatever the value of the filtering bandwidth. This is demonstrated both by a mathematical treatment and by a numerical simulation. In general, there are two characteristic curves in the frequency-time plane: one which gives the instantaneous frequency as a function of time and the other which gives the group delay time as a function of frequency. For signals with small BT values, these two curves are distinct and the different analyzing methods approach one or the other curve, or neither of them, depending on the bandwidth of the filtering window. The ability of each method to resolve multicomponent signals is discussed. The influence of the scaling factors used for the visualization of the signal in a two-dimensional plane is also studied.
Sexual Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Patients: The Mediating Role of Anxiety

Background: Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the most important problems for public health. Research indicates that elderly patients consider sexual satisfaction as a fundamental aspect of their quality of life and a better sexual function is related to higher general wellbeing. Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between quality of life and sexual satisfaction in cardiovascular (CVD) patients. Methods: The sample comprised 128 adult patients, males and females, hospitalized in a Cardiology Rehabilitation clinical center. To collect data, the following were used: a demographic information sheet, the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) to evaluate cardiac function, cardiovascular diagnosis type, the HADS scale to evaluate anxiety and depression states, a test for sexual satisfaction evaluation (SAS) and the SF-36 survey to measure quality of life. Results: The results indicated that only SF-36 physical health is indirectly related to SAS through its relationship with anxiety. Conclusion: A mediating model was proposed to explore the underlying association between sexual satisfaction and quality of life. We recommend investigating perceived general health and sexuality as clinical indicators for therapeutic decisions and risk evaluation for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
The Effect of Variations in Surface Moisture on Mesoscale Circulation

Abstract A two-dimensional numerical Model with moist physics is used to simulate circulations induced by horizontal variations in surface-moisture availability. The model contains prognostic equations for water vapor, cloud water, and rain water, with a simple parameterization of cloud microphysical processes. Four geometric variations of surface-moisture availability are examined: 1) an edge geometry which includes a land-water contrast (classic sea breeze) and moist land adjacent to dry land (inland sea breeze), 2) a single strip of moist land surrounded by dry land 3) alternating bands of moist and dry land, and 4) a single strip of dry land surrounded by moist land. For convectively unstable initial conditions with a relative humidity of 50%, lifting associated with the sea-breeze front induces a precipitation system which propagates inland from the coast. The sea-breeze circulation associated with dry land is considerably stronger than that produced by moist land; however, the evaporation over land .
Image Vignetting Correction Using a Deformable Radial Polynomial Model

Image vignetting is one of the major radiometric errors that occur in lens-camera systems. In many applications, vignetting is an undesirable effect; therefore, when it is impossible to fully prevent its occurrence, it is necessary to use computational methods for its correction. In probably the most frequently used approach to the vignetting correction, that is, the flat-field correction, the use of appropriate vignetting models plays a pivotal role. The radial polynomial (RP) model is commonly used, but for its proper use, the actual vignetting of the analyzed lens-camera system has to be a radial function. However, this condition is not fulfilled by many systems. There exist more universal models of vignetting; however, these models are much more sophisticated than the RP model. In this article, we propose a new model of vignetting named the Deformable Radial Polynomial (DRP) model, which joins the simplicity of the RP model with the universality of more sophisticated models. The DRP model uses a simple distance transformation and minimization method to match the radial vignetting model to the non-radial vignetting of the analyzed lens-camera system. The real-data experiment confirms that the DRP model, in general, gives better (up 35% or 50%, depending on the measure used) results than the RP model.
Superconductor'ferromagnet proximity effect in Fe'Pb'Fe trilayers

We report on measurements of structural, superconducting, and magnetic properties of trilayer and bilayer systems combined of superconducting Pb and ferromagnetic Fe. The Pb/Fe layers can be grown on ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with reasonably flat interfaces, there is no alloying of the components at the interface and Fe is found to be ferromagnetic down to the monolayer range. This is a favorable situation for an $S/F$ proximity system, since it corresponds closely to the situation treated in theoretical models. We find an oscillation of the superconducting transition temperature when plotted versus the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer, which we regard as a clear indication of an unconventional, propagating superconducting pair wave function in the Pb/Fe system. We fit our results using recent theoretical model calculations and find evidence for a strongly reduced transparency of the Pb/Fe interface. We regard this as an essential feature of the proximity effect in Pb/Fe and discuss its physical origin.
Note on global existence for axially symmetric solutions of the Euler system

1. Consider axially symmetric solutions of the 3-D Euler system (1.1) Otu + (u" I7)u + I7p O, I7.u O, in [0, oo) (1.2) u’n--0, on [0, oo) (1.3) u(0, x) Uo(X), for x Here Y) is assumed to be R, or a bounded domain with sufficiently smooth boundary which is obtained by rotation about the xa-axis of a simply connected planar domain lying in the half plane R2+ (x(x, x2, x)Ix2 0, x --> 0} u u(t, x) (u, u, u) is the velocity, p p(t, x) the
Inviscid long-wave theory for the absolute instability of the rotating-disc boundary layer

This paper is concerned with the absolute instability of the boundary-layer flow produced when an infinite disc rotates in otherwise still fluid. A greater understanding of the mechanisms and properties of the absolute instability is sought through the development of an analytic theory in the inviscid long-wave limit. It is shown that the fundamental basic flow characteristic of the absolute instability is a wall-jet in the radial direction superposed with an asymptotically small cross-flow, which generates a small reverse flow outside the boundary layer in the appropriately resolved basic velocity profile. The absolute instability is produced by a modal coalescence involving the interaction of eight saddle-points of the dispersion relation. An explicit expression for the growth rate has been obtained in terms of basic flow parameters. Most curiously, the pinch-point for absolute instability is shown to become asymptotically close to a branch-cut on the imaginary axis of the complex wavenumber plane, and unstable spatial branches emanating from the pinch-point cross this imaginary axis onto a Riemann sheet of the dispersion relation composed of solutions growing exponentially with distance from the disc. The existence of such modes contradicts the expectation of monotonic exponential decay of disturbances outside a boundary layer.
The Energy of Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts

The energy release in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is one of the most useful clues to the nature of their "inner engines. " We show that within the framework of the relativistic external shock afterglow model, the narrowness of the observed X-ray flux of GRB afterglows implies that the energy of the GRB jets, after the early-afterglow phase, spans less than 1 order of magnitude. This result is not affected by uncertainties in the electron energy, magnetic field strength, or external medium density. We argue that the afterglow kinetic energy is within a factor of 2 of the initial energy in the relativistic ejecta; therefore, the energy output of the central engine of a long-duration GRB has a universal value.
Tropospheric Delay Calibrations for VERA

We present techniques for the tropospheric delay calibration, which is the key to increasing the accuracy of the phase-referencing astrometry with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). We study three methods, and make a comparison of these methods to discuss the accuracy in calibration. Our results show that all three methods can calibrate the tropospheric zenith delay within accuracy of � 2 cm. We also present simulations of positional errors in VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) at the presence of an error in the tropospheric zenith delay, showing that parallax measurements with accuracy of 10 � as can be readily achieved for sources at high declination and with
Effect of oblique interplanetary magnetic field on shape and behavior of the magnetosphere

The oblique angle made by the spiral interplanetary magnetic field with the radially expanding solar wind is shown to result in an easterly deflection of the solar wind as it traverses the standing hydromagnetic shock wave a few earth radii upstream of the magnetosphere. A quantitative estimate of the deflection angle can be obtained from the plasma shock relations, which are solved generally to yield the particle density, temperature, magnetic field, and plasma flow field immediately behind the shock front in terms of the corresponding interplanetary (preshock) parameters. For typical values of the interplanetary plasma and magnetic field parameters, the calculated deflection angle lies between 5° and 20°. The earth's orbital velocity relative to the radial solar wind direction contributes approximately an additional 5° deflection. The two effects combined cause the axis of symmetry of the magnetosphere, on the average, to be tilted away from the earth-sun line as if the solar wind came from an apparent direction between 10° and 25° to the west of the sun. These conclusions are consistent with a considerable body of experimental data and also suggest an alternate explanation for Explorer 10's numerous encounters with the magnetospheric boundary.
Brake-Signal-Based Driver’s Location Tracking in Usage-Based Auto Insurance Programs

In this article, we demonstrate that by using a temporal sequence of applied brake signals collected from a vehicle, attackers can still possibly infer the vehicle’s route over the period, even though brake-signal data does not reveal any specific location information. Our route inference is basically composed of three steps. At first, we categorize brake-signal subsequences into four different driving maneuvers (i.e., stopping from a certain speed, reducing speed to adjust with the traffic flow, and taking left and right turns). Second, we estimate the number of intersections traversed by the vehicle using the applied brake signals and their corresponding maneuvers. Finally, we design a graph-based route-selection algorithm to find a list of (paths) routes from the regional map using the predicted driving maneuvers and the speed profile. We evaluate our approach using over 450 km of transportation data, which has been collected from 25 individuals. The experimental results demonstrate that, by resorting to our solution, 92.04% of the original drivers’ trajectory can be successfully recovered from their brake data regardless of driver and vehicle models.
Controllability and Stabilizability in Multi-Pair Systems

In this paper discrete-time systems of the form \[x_{k + 1} = C_p x_k + D_p U_k ,\] in which the pair $(C_p ,D_p )$ is selected from a finite set $\{ (C_i ,D_i )\} _{i = 1}^N $, are studied. Such systems, called “mufti-pair systems,” arise naturally in the study of multi-rate sampled-data systems. It is shown that the set of points reachable from zero (the controllable set) is a subspace under certain hypotheses, but not always. When this is the case, an extended version of the controllability canonical form is obtained, and it is applied to the study of state deadbeat response and more general forms of stabilizability.
Optimisation of AAV-NDI1 Significantly Enhances Its Therapeutic Value for Correcting Retinal Mitochondrial Dysfunction

AAV gene therapy for ocular disease has become a reality with the market authorisation of LuxturnaTM for RPE65-linked inherited retinal degenerations and many AAV gene therapies currently undergoing phase III clinical trials. Many ocular disorders have a mitochondrial involvement from primary mitochondrial disorders such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), predominantly due to mutations in genes encoding subunits of complex I, to Mendelian and multifactorial ocular conditions such as dominant optic atrophy, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. In this study, we have optimised the nuclear yeast gene, NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NDI1), which encodes a single subunit complex I equivalent, creating a candidate gene therapy to improve mitochondrial function, independent of the genetic mutation driving disease. Optimisation of NDI1 (ophNdi1) substantially increased expression in vivo, protected RGCs and increased visual function, as assessed by optokinetic and photonegative response, in a rotenone-induced murine model. In addition, ophNdi1 increased cellular oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production and protected cells from rotenone insult to a significantly greater extent than wild type NDI1. Significantly, ophNdi1 treatment of complex I deficient patient-derived fibroblasts increased oxygen consumption and ATP production rates, demonstrating the potential of ophNdi1 as a candidate therapy for ocular disorders where mitochondrial deficits comprise an important feature.
In-plane anisotropic strain of ZnO closely packed microcrystallites grown on tilted (0001) sapphire

We have found that ZnO films consisting of epitaxially ordered arrays of closely packed hexagonal microcrystallites grown on vicinal (1000) sapphire exhibit biaxial in-plane optical anisotropy. The optical anisotropy resonance occurs near the band gap energy of ZnO. The line shape of the resonance is consistent with that induced by an in-plane anisotropic strain. The direction of the anisotropy coincides with the projection of the miscut direction of the (0001) sapphire substrates onto the sample surface plane. The magnitude of the anisotropy is generally larger for films with high crystalline quality, and on substrates with larger miscut angles. A possible origin of the strain anisotropy due to the miscut angle and the difference in thermal expansion rate of sapphire along its c and a axes is proposed.
Dual-resolution image reconstruction for region-of-interest CT scan

In ordinary CT scan, so called full field-of-view (FFOV) scan, in which the x-ray beam span covers the whole section of the body, a large number of projections are necessary to reconstruct high resolution images. However, excessive x-ray dose is a great concern in FFOV scan. Region-of-interest (ROI) scan is a method to visualize the ROI in high resolution while reducing the x-ray dose. But, ROI scan suffers from bright-band artifacts which may hamper CT-number accuracy. In this study, we propose an image reconstruction method to eliminate the band artifacts in the ROI scan. In addition to the ROI scan with high sampling rate in the view direction, we get FFOV projection data with much lower sampling rate. Then, we reconstruct images in the compressed sensing (CS) framework with dual resolutions, that is, high resolution in the ROI and low resolution outside the ROI. For the dual-resolution image reconstruction, we implemented the dual-CS reconstruction algorithm in which data fidelity and total variation (TV) terms were enforced twice in the framework of adaptive steepest descent projection onto convex sets (ASD-POCS). The proposed method has remarkably reduced the bright-band artifacts at around the ROI boundary, and it has also effectively suppressed the streak artifacts over the entire image. We expect the proposed method can be greatly used for dual-resolution imaging with reducing the radiation dose, artifacts and scan time.
SVD-based robust watermarking using fractional cosine transform

In this paper, a robust watermarking technique based on fractional cosine transform and singular value decomposition is presented to improve the protection of the images. A meaningful gray scale image is used as watermark instead of randomly generated Gaussian noise type watermark. First, host image is transformed by the means of fractional cosine transform. Now, the positions of all frequency coefficients are changed with respect to some rule and this rule is secret and only known to the owner/creator. Then inverse fractional cosine transform is performed to get the reference image. Watermark logo is embedded in the reference image by modifying its singular values. For embedding, the singular values of the reference image are found and then modify it by adding the singular values of the watermark image. A reliable watermark extraction algorithm is developed for extracting watermark from possibly attacked image. The experimental results show better visual imperceptibility and resiliency of the proposed scheme against intentional or un-intentional variety of attacks.