Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WWWTranscribe - a modular transcription system based on the world wide web

WWWTranscribe is a transcription system based on the WWW. It is platform independent and allows network access to speech databases. Its modular structure make it flexible, and it connects easily to existing signal processing applications or database management systems. WWWTranscribe consists of static HTML documents containing forms. To these forms CGI applications are attached that perform data processing and that dynamically create subsequent HTML documents. The system has been developed for the orthographic annotation of the German SpeechDat(II) telephone speech database. In its current implementation, it automatically creates SAM-PA annotation files according to the SpeechDat(II) database specifications [5], [4]. Variants of the system are being used for transcription by other SpeechDat(II) partners.
Elimination of vascular fibrointimal hyperplasia bysomatostatin receptor 1.4 selective agonist

The somatostatin analogs octreotide and lanreotide, selective to receptor subtypes 2 and 5, failed clinical efficacy for the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. These findings might have been the result of targeting a wrong subset of receptors. In rat arteries, subtypes 1 and 4 are expressed 3–4 times more prominently than 2 and 5, and subtype 1 is the nearly exclusive subtype in atherosclerotic human vessels. Here, we demonstrate that daily s.c. injections (50–500µg/kg/d) of CH275 (DesAA1,2,5(D‐W8,IAmp9)Somatostatine‐14), selective to subtypes 1 and 4, dose‐dependently inhibited intimal hyperplasia 14 days after rat carotid denudation injury (for intimal area P=0.0002 across the dose range). CH275 was more effective than somatostatin‐14 (equal affinity to all five subtypes, P=0.03), or octreotide (selective to subtypes 2 and 5, P=0.098). When rats were given the peptides for 14 days with end‐point at 28 days, CH275 still significantly inhibited intimal area expansion. Both CH275 and octreotide inhibited the outgrowth of cells from postinjury aortic tissue punch‐explants and the distance migrated in vitro, but not cell replication, which indicated that the effects of somatostatin analogs were directed on the migration of intimal cell progenitors rather than on their proliferation.
High-precision phrase-based document classification on a modern scale

We present a document classification system that employs lazy learning from labeled phrases, and argue that the system can be highly effective whenever the following property holds: most of information on document labels is captured in phrases. We call this property near sufficiency. Our research contribution is twofold: (a) we quantify the near sufficiency property using the Information Bottleneck principle and show that it is easy to check on a given dataset; (b) we reveal that in all practical cases---from small-scale to very large-scale---manual labeling of phrases is feasible: the natural language constrains the number of common phrases composed of a vocabulary to grow linearly with the size of the vocabulary. Both these contributions provide firm foundation to applicability of the phrase-based classification (PBC) framework to a variety of large-scale tasks. We deployed the PBC system on the task of job title classification, as a part of LinkedIn's data standardization effort. The system significantly outperforms its predecessor both in terms of precision and coverage. It is currently being used in LinkedIn's ad targeting product, and more applications are being developed. We argue that PBC excels in high explainability of the classification results, as well as in low development and low maintenance costs. We benchmark PBC against existing high-precision document classification algorithms and conclude that it is most useful in multilabel classification.
Differences in Vascular Risk Factors Between Etiological Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke: Importance of Population-Based Studies

Background— To understand the mechanisms of stroke and to target prevention, we need to know how risk factors differ between etiological subtypes. Hospital-based studies may be biased because not all stroke patients are admitted. If risk factors differ between patients who are admitted and those who are not, then case-control studies will be biased. If the likelihood of admission also depends on stroke subtype, then case-case comparisons may also be biased. Methods— We compared risk factors and ischemic stroke subtypes (TOAST classification) in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients in 2 population-based stroke incidence studies: the Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC) and Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP). We also performed a meta-analysis of risk factor–stroke subtype associations with other published population-based studies. Results— In OXVASC and OCSP, stroke subtypes differed between hospitalized (293 of 647) and nonhospitalized patients (P <0.0001), with more cardioembolic strokes (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.6) and fewer lacunar strokes (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.7). Premorbid blood pressure and cholesterol were higher in hospitalized patients (both P <0.0001). Risk factor–stroke subtype associations in hospitalized patients were consequently biased (P =0.001). Meta-analysis of data from all patients in OXVASC, OCSP, and 2 other studies demonstrated consistent risk factor–stroke subtype associations. However, contrary to previous hospital-based studies, there was only a weak (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8) and inconsistent (Pheterogeneity=0.01) association between small-vessel stroke and hypertension and no association with diabetes (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.3). Conclusions— Prevalences of risk factors and stroke subtypes differ between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with ischemic stroke, which may bias hospital-based risk factor studies. Meta-analysis of population-based studies suggests that vascular risk factors differ between stroke subtypes.
Comparison of soluble CD40L concentrations and release capacities in apheresis and prestorage pooled platelet concentrates.

INTRODUCTION Soluble CD40L (sCD40L) is expressed by platelets and is involved in the stabilization of arterial thrombi. Additionally, it was shown that sCD40L accumulation occurred in stored blood products triggering adverse transfusion reactions like TRALI. To study the influence of the preparation technique on sCD40L accumulation and platelet function we examined CD40L concentrations in prestorage pooled platelet concentrates compared to apheresis products. In addition, sCD40L release capacity was determined as a marker for platelet viability. MATERIAL AND METHODS sCD40L concentrations were determined in prestorage pooled platelet concentrates (n = 8) and in platelet apheresis concentrates (n = 8) before and after platelet stimulation (recalcification and clot formation) at day 1, 3 and 5 under routine storage conditions. sCD40L concentrations were determined by a commercially available ELISA kit. RESULTS sCD40L concentrations in storage medium increased over time in prestorage pooled platelet concentrates (from 1,185 pg/mL ± 87 pg/mL at day 1 to 4,464 pg/mL ± 212 pg/mL at day 5) as well as in apheresis products (from 581 pg/mL ± 124 pg/mL at day 1 to 2,718 pg/mL ± 154 pg/mL at day 5) in a hyperbolic manner. Recalcification and clot formation caused an increase in sCD40L concentrations (for example 3,842 pg/mL ± 769 pg/mL before platelet activation to 31,219 pg/mL ± 2,063 pg/mL after platelet activation at day 3), and we observed comparable release capacities for both preparation techniques, however, decreasing over storage time up to 50% (day 5) of the respective control value (day 1). CONCLUSIONS Amounts of sCD40L accumulation and release capacity during storage of platelet concentrates were dependent on storage duration, but showed no relevant differences regarding the preparation technique. After 5 days of storage, CD40L basal levels were increased, in contrast sCD40L release capacity was decreased. By recalcification and clot formation sCD40L release capacity could be easily induced and is assumed to be used as a marker for platelet viability.
Shark Immunoglobulin Light Chains

The humoral adaptive immune system of sharks is partly based on the same H2L2 heterodimeric antibody structure seen in all jawed vertebrates (reviewed in Flajnik 2002). The constituent vertebrate immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) and light (L) chains provide obligate defense against pathogens and their toxins via neutralization, opsonization, and activation of the classical pathway of the complement cascade. The two IgL are generally identical to one another in any antibody, as are the two IgH, and this antibody is identical to all others made for plasma membrane expression or secretion by a particular B cell at a point in time. However, receptor editing and somatic ContentS
Crossover randomized comparison of intravenous versus intravenous/oral mesna in soft tissue sarcoma treated with high-dose ifosfamide.

PURPOSE We conducted our study to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical efficacy of oral mesna in patients receiving ifosfamide for soft tissue sarcoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Seventeen patients were enrolled in a randomized prospective Phase I/II study. Seventeen patients were exposed to study medication. Ifosfamide was given at a dose of 2 g/m2/day for 5 days on a 21-day cycle. Before the first cycle, all patients were randomized onto a crossover design and received either the approved i.v. or i.v. /oral mesna regimen, with crossover for the second cycle of chemotherapy. The i.v. mesna regimen consisted of dosings (20% ifosfamide dose) at 0, 4, and 8 h. The i.v. /oral arm consisted of an i.v. mesna dosing (20% ifosfamide dose) at 0 h, followed by oral tablet dosing (40% ifosfamide dose) at 2 and 6 h. In-patient clinical monitoring and phlebotomy and urine sampling for mesna, dimesna, and ifosfamide PK were performed on all chemotherapy days. RESULTS Thirteen patients were evaluable for PK and 17 for efficacy and toxicity. No significant differences were detected in the plasma PK of the concomitantly infused ifosfamide. Rates of hemorrhagic cystitis were similar across mesna schedules. Four of 10 evaluable patients demonstrated objective response. CONCLUSION On the basis of our study, an i.v. /oral mesna regimen is at least as uroprotective as the approved i.v. regimen. The i.v. /oral regimen will improve patient tolerance and convenience, allow for a reduction in elective hospitalizations for ifosfamide chemotherapy, reduce the potential morbidity associated with inpatient administration of chemotherapy, and likely result in decreased costs of care.
Plasma Aldosterone in Hypertensive Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis: Distribution, Determinants and Impact on Survival

A high plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) is known to be associated with poor outcome in patients with cardiac disease. However, the prognostic value of PAC in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients is unknown. In 1996 we examined 128 hypertensive patients treated with antihypertensive drugs, excluding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, who were undergoing chronic HD (ages 61.8±13.8 years, 62% male), and for whom PAC (ng/dl) data were obtained. We followed up these patients until November 2003. During the follow-up period, 30 patients died. About half of all patients (48%) had PAC values above the normal range. We assigned the 128 patients to a lower (<22.9) or higher (≥22.9) PAC group according to the median baseline PAC. The survival rate as calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 90.6% in the higher PAC group and 62.5% in the lower PAC group (p=0.003). In multivariate analysis, serum potassium and plasma renin activity were independent determinants of PAC. Cox proportional hazards analysis, with adjustment for other variables including diabetes, showed that lower PAC was independently predictive of death. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of the lower PAC group was 2.905 (1.187–7.112, p=0.020). The significance of PAC became marginal by adjustment with albumin or potassium. These results indicate that higher PAC is common, but not associated with an increase in total and cardiovascular deaths among hypertensive patients undergoing chronic HD. The association between lower PAC and poor survival may be driven by volume retention and/or lower potassium.
Biologics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress Long Term Efficacy and Safety of Etanercept in the Treatment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting both the skin and joints. Approximately 20% of patients suffer a moderate to severe form of skin disease and up to 30% have joint involvement. Standard therapies for psoriasis include topical medications, phototherapy, and both oral systemic and biological therapies whereas therapies for psoriatic arthritis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs followed by disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors and interleukin-12/23p40 inhibitors. Treatment of both diseases is typically driven by disease severity. In the past decade, major advances in the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis have led to the development of numerous biological therapies, which have revolutionized the treatment for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Anti-TNF-α agents are currently considered as first line biological therapies for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Currently approved anti-TNF-α agents include etan-ercept, adalimumab, and infliximab for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis as well as golimumab and certolizumab for psoriatic arthritis. In this article, we aim to evaluate the long term safety and efficacy of etanercept in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
Mixed Land Use and Equity in Water Governance in Peri-Urban Bangkok

This article addresses a dearth in the literature on environmental equity in water governance in the "desakota", the extended metropolitan region of the great cities of Southeast Asia. Through a case study, the authors describe how, in an intensive mixed land use situation, the actions of new urban users of irrigation canals have degraded the water, unfairly prejudicing low-income farmers' entitlement to irrigation water of appropriate quality and harming their livelihood. It is argued that certain characteristics of existing land- and water-sector-related management institutions in Thailand encourage a disproportionate shift of the environmental burden to small farmers. This phenomenon also involves the violation of procedural equity - the farmers' right to be informed, to be able to assert a right to and negotiate for appropriate water, and to participate meaningfully in strategic decisions related to water governance in the peri-urban area. The problem is mediated by administrative separatism, ambiguity and multiplicity in the functional jurisdiction of water-related government bodies, and the general lack of a participatory culture in the bureaucracy. The authors further argue that, without state acknowledgement of this form of injustice, establishing appropriate mechanisms and public institutions that will purposively address concerns of environmental equity is a remote possibility, and that this inequity will likely continue to be patterned and inscribed in the peri-urban geography of the mega-cities of Southeast Asia. Copyright (c) 2007 The Authors. Journal Compilation(c) 2007 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Activation of ERK Signaling via TLR11 Induces IL-12p40 Production in Peritoneal Macrophages Challenged by Neospora caninum

Neospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, can infect a large variety of vertebrate hosts including the most economically important cattle. Infection with N. caninum is a main cause of abortion in both dairy and beef cattle, which causes great economic losses worldwide. However, the mechanism of host cell infection by N. caninum has not been fully elucidated, especially in terms of inflammatory responses. In this study, the effect of TLR-ERK signaling pathway on the synthesis of pro-inflammatory interleukin-12p40 in mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMϕ) challenged by N. caninum was investigated. Our results suggested that N. caninum infection quickly activated MEK-ERK signaling via TLR11 in PMϕ. In addition, N. caninum infection also caused upregulated production of IL-12p40 by PMϕ, which was significantly reduced with the blockade of TLR11/MEK/ERK pathway, suggesting that this upregulation of IL-12 p40 was TLR11 and MEK-ERK-activation dependent.
ANALISIS CITRA RETINA PADA RETINOPATI DIABETES MILITUS MENGGUNAKAN METODE NUMERIK

Penelitian di bidang kesehatan sangatlah menarik untuk dikaji lebih mendalam. Kesehatan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang menjadi perhatian manusia. Banyak hal akan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kesehatan fisik yang optimal. Diabetes Militus adalah salah satu penyakit yang menempati posisi 5 besar sebagai penyakit yang menghantarkan pada kematian. Retinopati merupakan gejala yang terjadi pada retina mata para pasien yang menderita Diabetes Militus yang gangguannya sudah sampai pada retina matanya. Fundus camera adalah alat yang digunakan untuk melihat kondisi retina mata pasien Diabetes Militus. Image yang di hasilkan oleh fundus camera bersifat tidak konsisten dikarenakan dokter yang memeriksa mata pasien akan meminta pasien untuk melihat ke beberapa arah untuk menangkap semua titik yang dimungkinkan terdapat deteksi awal terjadinya retinopati pada pasien penyakit diabetes militus. Pengklasifikasian retina pasien yang sudah terjadi retinopati dan belum terjadi retinopati (normal) menggunkan nilai dari standar deviasi dan jumlah pixel yang memiliki korelasi terkuat dengan data image. Pengolahan image retina menggunakan visual basic 6. Hasil pengujian menunjukakan bahwa dengan menggunakan parameter variabel standar deviasi = 23 dan jumlah pixel hijau = 9000 dapat untuk mengklasifikasikan pasien yang sehat dan sakit. Dari hasil data pengujian sementara dari 32 image retina yang di coba sebesar 87,06 % mendeteksi dengan benar dan error 12,90%. Â Keyword : Diabetes Militus, Standar Deviasi, RGB
Correlation between the Early Morphological Appearance of Filtering Blebs and Outcome of Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C

PurposeTo correlate the morphologic appearance of filtering blebs in the early postoperative period with the outcome of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) during the first postoperative year. Patients and MethodsIn a prospective study, the morphologic appearance of filtering blebs after primary trabeculectomy with adjunctive MMC (0.1 mg/ml for 5 minutes intra-operatively) was classified; 49 eyes of 49 patients were examined preoperatively, 1 and 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Status of filtering bleb, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of medications were recorded. ResultsOne year after surgery all patients had IOP ≤ 21; 6 patients received antiglaucoma medication. One eye required needling of the filtering bleb because of encapsulation. During the first postoperative year, eyes with conjunctival subepithelial micro cysts, observed in the first and the second postoperative week, had significantly lower mean IOP, than eyes without (11.1 mm Hg vs. 13.9 mm Hg; p:0.0043, ANOVA). Eyes with corkscrew vessels, observed in the first and the second postoperative week, had significantly higher mean IOP, than eyes without during the first postoperative year (13.4 mm Hg vs. 11.7 mm Hg; p:0.0141, ANOVA). ConclusionClassification of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy with MMC may help to disclose patients with an increased failure risk.
Resolution of Brassicaceae Phylogeny Using Nuclear Genes Uncovers Nested Radiations and Supports Convergent Morphological Evolution

Brassicaceae is one of the most diverse and economically valuable angiosperm families with widely cultivated vegetable crops and scientifically important model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana. The evolutionary history, ecological, morphological, and genetic diversity, and abundant resources and knowledge of Brassicaceae make it an excellent model family for evolutionary studies. Recent phylogenetic analyses of the family revealed three major lineages (I, II, and III), but relationships among and within these lineages remain largely unclear. Here, we present a highly supported phylogeny with six major clades using nuclear markers from newly sequenced transcriptomes of 32 Brassicaceae species and large data sets from additional taxa for a total of 55 species spanning 29 out of 51 tribes. Clade A consisting of Lineage I and Macropodium nivale is sister to combined Clade B (with Lineage II and others) and a new Clade C. The ABC clade is sister to Clade D with species previously weakly associated with Lineage II and Clade E (Lineage III) is sister to the ABCD clade. Clade F (the tribe Aethionemeae) is sister to the remainder of the entire family. Molecular clock estimation reveals an early radiation of major clades near or shortly after the Eocene–Oligocene boundary and subsequent nested divergences of several tribes of the previously polytomous Expanded Lineage II. Reconstruction of ancestral morphological states during the Brassicaceae evolution indicates prevalent parallel (convergent) evolution of several traits over deep times across the entire family. These results form a foundation for future evolutionary analyses of structures and functions across Brassicaceae.
Molecular characterization of the gene cluster coxMSL encoding the molybdenum-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of Oligotropha carboxidovorans

The CO dehydrogenase structural genes (cox) and orf4 are clustered in the transcriptional order coxM--> coxS--> coxL--> orf4 on the 128-kb megaplasmid pHCG3 of the carboxidotroph Oligotropha carboxidovorans OM5. Sequence analysis suggested association of molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide with CoxL and of the [2Fe-2S] clusters with CoxS.
Four new species of cestodes of rodents from the high plains, central and southern Rockies and notes on Catenotaenia dendritica.

Testes, 7 to 15 in number, ovoid in outline and with smooth margins, from 0.024 mm. in diameter to 0.11 mm. long by 0.05 mm. wide, divided by female complex into poral and aporal groups, with poral group varying from none (very rare) to 7 testes, most commonly 1 to 3 testes, and aporal group from 5 to 9, most commonly 6 to 8. Testes extending laterally past the excretory vessels. Cirrus sac, 0.19 to 0.22 mm. long by 0.02 to 0.03 mm. wide, passing dorsal to excretory vessels and extending to, but not past ventral excretory vessel. External and internal seminal vesicles present. Cirrus measuring up to 0.06 mm. long and with minute spines. Ovary fan-shaped, lobed, close to anterior border of proglottid and slightly poral in location. Vagina extending dorsal to excretory vessels and lying posterior to cirrus sac; both opening through common genital pore. Proximal half of vagina enlarging to form seminal receptacle. Vitellarium ovoid, slightly lobed, posterior and dorsal to ovary. Uterus at first a transverse, reticulate structure in anterior portion of proglottid, sometimes overlapping excretory vessels on either side, aporal half developing more rapidly than poral half. In gravid proglottids, uterus not completely breaking down and becoming saccate, but retaining some of its reticulate nature, restricting distribution of eggs in proglottid. Entire egg either spherical, measuring about 50 micra in diameter or, more often, ovoid in outline, 46 to 54 micra long by 18 to 40 micra wide. Onchosphere with three coverings, outer shell a thin membrane, middle membrane separated from embryophore by a space filled with jelly-like material having a granular appearance. Embryophore approximately 1.3 micra thick with a slender process (approximately 0.013 mm. long) at either end, doubtless representing prongs of a "pyriform apparatus" characteristic of other anoplocephalids. Onchosphere, 13 to 16 micra long by 6.5 to 10 micra wide. Host: Thomomys talpoides ssp. , northern pocket gopher. Location: Small intestine.