Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential clustering of star formations in IC 1396

We present a comprehensive study of the H II region IC 1396 and its star forming activity, in which multi-wavelength data ranging from the optical to the near- and far-infrared were employed. The surface density distribution of all the 2MASS sources with a certain detection toward IC 1396 indicates the existence of a compact cluster spatially consistent with the position of the exciting source of the H II region, HD 206267. The spatial distribution of the sources with excessive infrared emission, selected based on archived 2MASS data, reveals the existence of four sub-clusters in this region. One is associated with the open cluster Trumpler 37. The other three are found to be spatially coincident with the bright rims of the H II region. All the sources with excessive emission in the near infrared are cross-identified with AKARI IRC data. An analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the resultant sample leads to the identification of eight CLASS I, 15 CLASS II and 15 CLASS III sources in IC 1396. Optical identification of the sample sources with R magnitudes brighter than 17 mag corroborates the results from the SED analysis. Based on the spatial distribution of the infrared young stellar objects at different evolutionary stages, the surrounding sub-clusters located in the bright rims are believed to be younger than the central one. This is consistent with a scenario of sequential star formation in this region. Imaging data of a dark patch in IC 1396 by Herschel SPIRE, on the other hand, indicate the presence of two far-infrared cores in LDN 1111, which are likely to be a new generation of protostellar objects in formation. So we infer that the star formation process in this H II region was not continuous but rather episodic.
A Novel Dead-Time Elimination Method for Voltage Source Multilevel Converters

Voltage source multilevel converters (MLCs) are widely applied in recent years in a wide range of industrial applications. However, time delay inserted in switching signals to prevent short through can cause the dead-time effects, including output waveform distortion and voltage drop. In many kinds of MLCs, the freewheeling paths during dead time can also produce unexpected output voltage levels, which can cross a few consecutive output levels, introducing large dv/dt. Typical examples of those MLCs are 5L-active neutral-point-clamped, 7L-hybrid-clamped, 4L-nested neutral-point-clamped (NNPC) converter, etc. To solve this problem, a generic dead-time elimination (DTE) method is proposed. This method splits the complementary switches and replaces them with controllable switches coupled with uncontrollable diodes, decomposing the phase-leg of the converter into two basic switching cells, thus obviating the need for dead time. To address the zero-current clamping effect inherent to the DTE method, a second-order generalized integrator frequency-locked loop based current detector is also developed. The proposed DTE method is suitable for various MLCs. It cannot only effectively eliminate the unexpected levels, but also significantly reduce the output distortion and regains the output rms value. An application example of 4L-NNPC converter is given. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by both simulation and experiment.
Finite Position Set-Phase-Locked Loop With Low Computational Burden for Sensorless Control of PMSM Drives

This letter proposes a novel finite position set-phase-locked loop (FPS-PLL) for permanent magnet synchronous motors sensorless drives. A novel cost function is designed to combine with the dichotomy of position for ensuring the astringency of iteration. After the dichotomy of position, through adopting the Newton iteration, the accurate rotor position is obtained only by three iterations. The convergence analysis and calculation accuracy expression are given. Moreover, no parameters need to be adjusted and fast dynamic response is achieved. Compared with reported FPS-PLLs, the calculated burden is markedly reduced. Eventually, the effectiveness of proposed scheme is verified by experiments.
Odd and even magnetic resonant modes in highly overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ

We present inelastic neutron scattering data on highly overdoped Bi_2 Sr_2 Ca Cu_2 O_{8+\delta} single crystals with superconducting transition temperature T_C=70 K and, for comparison, a nearly optimally doped crystal with T_C=87 K. In both samples, magnetic resonant modes with odd and even symmetry under exchange of the two CuO_2 layers in the unit cell are observed. In the overdoped sample, the linewidth of the odd mode is reduced compared with the optimally doped sample. This finding is discussed in conjunction with recent evidence for intrinsic inhomogeneities in this compound. The data on odd and even resonant excitations are otherwise fully consistent with trends established on the basis of data on YBa_2Cu_3O_{6+x}. This confirms the universality of these findings and extends them into the highly overdoped regime of the phase diagram.
The Top Quark at Linear Colliders: QCD Corrections

We present a computation of QCD next-to-leading order corrections to the top production and decay process at linear colliders. The top quarks are allowed to be off-shell and the production and decay subprocesses are treated together, thus allowing for interference effects. Real gluon radiation effects as well as virtual corrections are evaluated. The framework employed for this computation is the double pole approximation (DPA). The results discussed include studies of the gluon radiation properties, interference between production- and decay- stage radiation, and top mass reconstruction.
Demonstration of the synchrotron-type spectrum of laser-produced Betatron radiation

Betatron x-ray radiation in laser–plasma accelerators is produced when electrons are accelerated and wiggled in the laser-wakefield cavity. This femtosecond source, producing intense x-ray beams in the multi-kiloelectronvolt (keV) range, has been observed at different interaction regimes using a high-power laser from 10 to 100 TW. However, none of the spectral measurements carried out were at sufficient resolution, bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio to precisely determine the shape of spectra with a single laser shot in order to avoid shot-to-shot fluctuations. In this paper, the Betatron radiation produced using a 80 TW laser is characterized by using a single photon counting method. We measure in a single shot spectra from 8 to 21 keV with a resolution better than 350 eV. The results obtained are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions and demonstrate the synchrotron-type nature of this radiation mechanism. The critical energy is found to be Ec=5.6±1 keV for our experimental conditions. In addition, the features of the source at this energy range open up novel opportunities for applications in time-resolved x-ray science.
Probing Brain Oxygenation Wave-forms with Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

The technique of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows to measure the oxygenation of the brain tissue. The particular problems involved in detecting regional brain oxygenation (rSO2) are discussed. The dominant chromophore (light absorber) in tissue is water. Only in the NIR light region of 650-1000 nm, the overall absorption is sufficiently low, and the NIR light can be detected across a thick layer of tissues, among them the skin, the scull and the brain. In this region, there are many absorbing light chromophores, but only three are important as far as the oxygenation is concerned. They are the hemoglobin (HbO2), the deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) and cytochrome oxidase (CtOx). The devices that were used in our experiments were : Somanetics INVOS Brain Oximeter (IBO) and Toomim's HEG spectrophotometer. The performances of both devices were compared including their merits and drawbacks. The IBO use for research has two drawbacks: the sampling rate is too small and the readings are limited to only two significant digits. The HEG device does not have these drawbacks, but is not developed sufficiently at this time to measure rSO2. We have measured the HEG readings and compared them with the rSO2 readings of the IBO. Results of an experiment are presented whose aim is to explore the relationship between respiration and cerebral oxygenation. Measurements of end tidal CO2 (EtCO2) were taken simultaneously with cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) using the INVOS Cerebral Oximeter of Somanetics. Due to the device limitations we could explore only subjects who could perform with a breathing rate of around 2/min or less. The results of all subjects clearly show a periodic change of cerebral oxygenation with the same period as the breathing exercises.
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TREE SPECIES IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN FORESTS IN DROUGHT

Our study aimed to analyze the impact of extreme drought on the phenological development of Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L. forests in Ufa city (Bashkortostan Republic, Russia) and outside it. The study area is located in the northern part of the forest-steppe subzone of the temperate climate zone. The vegetation indices NDVI, GNDVI, and CVI were calculated from cloudless Landsat images for the growing season in the dry year of 2010 and time series of 2008-2017, and they were used to analyze the phenological development of forest vegetation. To plot phenology, we used the Bayesian LSP script which uses Landsat time series data and a Bayesian hierarchical model. Higher temperatures in the city led to the higher pace at the beginning of seasonal development of pine and oak forests. The tendency for the seasonal development of forests outside the city to delay continued in the dry year. At the same time, in the dry year in pine forests both in the city and outside the city the delay of phenological development began earlier than in oak forests. Pine forests respond to a long period of water scarcity more noticeably than oak forests, which is substantially due to the features of root systems of Quercus robur that allow them to use deeper moisture reserves.
1/f noise and slow relaxations in glasses

Recently we have shown that slow relaxations in the electron glass system can be understood in terms of the spectrum of a matrix describing the relaxation of the system close to a metastable state. The model focused on the electron glass system, but its generality was demonstrated on various other examples. Here, we study the noise spectrum in the same framework. We obtain a remarkable relation between the spectrum of relaxation rates λ described by the distribution function P (λ) ∼ 1/λ and the 1/f noise in the fluctuating occupancies of the localized electronic sites. This noise can be observed using local capacitance measurements. We confirm our analytic results using numerics, and also show how the Onsager symmetry is fulfilled in the system.
Exploring Implicit Domain-Invariant Features for Domain Adaptive Object Detection

Recent researches have made a great progress in domain adaptive object detectors. These detectors aim to learn explicit domain-invariant features by adversarially mitigating domain divergence and simultaneously optimizing source risks. However, an inherent problem is that they ignore the informative knowledge implied in domain-specific features, which is recognized as implicit domain-invariant feature. This is mainly caused by the multimode structure underlying target distribution, characterized by various scales and categories of objects in target images. To solve that, we propose the Implicit Domain-invariant Faster R-CNN (IDF) by using non-adversarial domain discriminator, dual attention mechanism and selective feature perception. This idea is implemented on the Faster R-CNN backbone, but with an improved architecture of two branches, i.e. domain-invariant branch and domain-specific branch. The former can clearly learn explicit domain adaptive features w.r. t. easy samples, while the latter aims to learn implicit domain-invariant features w.r. t. hard samples. Experiments on numerous benchmark datasets, including the Cityscapes, Foggy Cityscapes, KITTI and SIM10K, show the superiority of our IDF over other state-of-the-art domain adaptive object detectors. The demo code is released in https://github.com/sea123321/IDF.
Rat Mammary carcinoma susceptibility 3 (Mcs3) pleiotropy, socioenvironmental interaction, and comparative genomics with orthologous human 15q25.1-25.2

Abstract Genome-wide association studies of breast cancer susceptibility have revealed risk-associated genetic variants and nominated candidate genes; however, the identification of causal variants and genes is often undetermined by genome-wide association studies. Comparative genomics, utilizing Rattus norvegicus strains differing in susceptibility to mammary tumor development, is a complimentary approach to identify breast cancer susceptibility genes. Mammary carcinoma susceptibility 3 (Mcs3) is a Copenhagen (COP/NHsd) allele that confers resistance to mammary carcinomas when introgressed into a mammary carcinoma susceptible Wistar Furth (WF/NHsd) genome. Here, Mcs3 was positionally mapped to a 7.2-Mb region of RNO1 spanning rs8149408 to rs107402736 (chr1:143700228–150929594, build 6.0/rn6) using WF.COP congenic strains and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Male and female WF.COP-Mcs3 rats had significantly lower body mass compared to the Wistar Furth strain. The effect on female body mass was observed only when females were raised in the absence of males indicating a socioenvironmental interaction. Furthermore, female WF.COP-Mcs3 rats, raised in the absence of males, did not develop enhanced lobuloalveolar morphologies compared to those observed in the Wistar Furth strain. Human 15q25.1-25.2 was determined to be orthologous to rat Mcs3 (chr15:80005820–82285404 and chr15:83134545–84130720, build GRCh38/hg38). A public database search of 15q25.1-25.2 revealed genome-wide significant and nominally significant associations for body mass traits and breast cancer risk. These results support the existence of a breast cancer risk-associated allele at human 15q25.1-25.2 and warrant ultrafine mapping of rat Mcs3 and human 15q25.1-25.2 to discover novel causal genes and variants.
Fuzzy PID Control of the Three-Degree-Of-Freedom Parallel Mechanism Based on Genetic Algorithm

It is necessary to upgrade and transform the sorting equipment in the industrial production line. In order to improve production efficiency and reduce labor intensity, a high-speed lightweight parallel mechanism control system for the high-speed sorting and packaging of light items was studied. A fuzzy PID controller based on genetic algorithm (GA) optimization is proposed according to the nonlinear and strong coupling characteristics of the parallel mechanism (PM) control system. The inverse kinematic analysis was conducted to map the workspace trajectory tracking problem to the joint space. It was transformed into the trajectory planning and solving problems in the joint space. The motion trajectory was obtained utilizing quintic polynomial interpolation. Finally, the servo control system model was established, and the PID control parameters were optimized and self-tuned by the GA. They were applied to the fuzzy PID controller for simulation experiments. The simulation results showed that the GA-optimized fuzzy PID control system compared with the fuzzy PID control system had a 23.39% shorter rise time, 22.32% less regulation time, and 7.18% less steady-state error. The control system had a good dynamic and steady-state performance.
Interplay between temperature and trap effects in one-dimensional lattice systems of bosonic particles

We investigate the interplay of temperature and trap effects in cold particle systems at their quantum critical regime, such as cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices at the transitions between Mott-insulator and superfluid phases. The theoretical framework is provided by the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of an external trapping potential, and the trap-size scaling theory describing the large trap-size behavior at a quantum critical point. We present numerical results for the low-temperature behavior of the particle density and the density-density correlation function at the Mott transitions, and within the gapless superfluid phase.
Comparative Study on the Effect of Adding Transglutaminase to Cow ’ s Milk on the Properties of Low-Fat Gouda-Like Cheese

Three batches of Gouda like cheese were prepared from whole fat (3.5% fat), reduced fat (2.5% fat) and low fat milk (1.5% fat). Another three batches were similarly made with the addition of Transglutaminase (TGase) at a rate of 0.5 g/ liter (50 unit) of milk to study the effect of enzyme on the quality of Gouda like cheese with three levels of fat content. The obtained results showed that addition of enzyme , markedly increased the moisture content of treated milk cheese as compared with the control. The highest moisture contents for fresh and ripened cheese were found in lowfat cheese treated with the enzyme. The addition of enzyme to cheese milk led to slight decrease in fat content of the fresh and ripened cheese, while an increase in total protein content was detected for all treatments. Reducing fat content (2.5 or 1.5%) of cheese milk reduced the ripening indices (WSN, NPN, PTA-SN and TVFA) of the resultant cheeses comparing with the control. On the other hand, addition of the TGase, markedly increased the values of all ripening indices including the whole milk cheese. The addition of TGase, showed slight effect on either decreasing the acidity or raising the pH values. Reducing fat content of cheese milk lowered the enumeration of viable total bacterial counts, lipolytic and proteolytic bacteria. The incorporation of TGase increased the three bacterial groups during the first month of ripening and continued for lipolytic and proteolytic bacteria up to the end of ripening period, while TC decreased after the first month. The addition of the TGase, highly improved the organoleptic properties of the three groups of cheese.
A Compact Near-Field Resonant Parasitic Slot Helix Antenna With Wide Axial Ratio Bandwidth

A compact near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) slot helix antenna with wide axial ratio bandwidth is developed in this Letter. The developed antenna consists of one hemispherical metallic surface (HMC) etched with dual curved helical slots and one driven helical monopole nested beneath. The working mechanism of wideband circular polarization radiation of a single-slot NFRP helix antenna is first investigated. Then, a dual-slot NFRP helix antenna with wider working bandwidth in a lower frequency range is evolved by organically collaborating two helical slots etched on the HMC. An optimized prototype of this dual-slot NFRP helix antenna was fabricated, assembled, and tested. The measured results, in good agreement with the simulated values, demonstrate that it possesses a compact size, and an effective fractional bandwidth of 19.15% along with the realized gain values of 3.52 ± 2.25 dBic. The above advantageous performance characteristics enable it to be a good candidate in applications into many wideband space-limited platforms, such as aerospace and mobile communication systems.
Future asymptotic expansions of Bianchi VIII vacuum metrics

Bianchi VIII vacuum solutions to Einstein’s equations are causally geodesically complete to the future, given an appropriate time orientation, and the objective of this article is to analyze the asymptotic behaviour of solutions in this time direction. For the Bianchi class A spacetimes, there is a formulation of the ﬁeld equations that was presented in an article by Wainwright and Hsu, and in a previous article we analyzed the asymptotic behaviour of solutions in these variables. One objective of this paper is to give an asymptotic expansion for the metric. Furthermore, we relate this expansion to the topology of the compactiﬁed spatial hypersurfaces of homogeneity. The compactiﬁed spatial hypersurfaces have the topology of Seifert ﬁbred spaces and we prove that in the case of NUT Bianchi VIII spacetimes, the length of a circle ﬁbre converges to a positive constant but that in the case of general Bianchi VIII solutions, the length tends to inﬁnity at a rate we determine. Finally, we give asymptotic expansions for general Bianchi VII 0 metrics.
A Miniaturized Screening Platform to Identify Novel Regulators of Extracellular Matrix Alignment

Extracellular matrix (ECM) alignment contributes to metastasis in a number of cancers and is a known prognostic stromal factor; however, the mechanisms controlling matrix organization remain unclear. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a critical role in this process, particularly via matrix production and modulation of key signaling pathways controlling cell adhesion and contractility. Stroma normalization, as opposed to elimination, is a highly sought strategy, and screening for drugs that effectively alter ECM alignment is a practical way to identify novel CAF-normalizing targets that modulate ECM organization. To meet this need, we developed a novel high-throughput screening platform in which fibroblast-derived matrices were produced in 384-well plates, imaged with automated confocal microscopy, and analyzed using a customized MATLAB script. This platform is a technical advance because it miniaturizes the assay, eliminates costly and time-consuming experimental steps, and streamlines data acquisition and analysis to enable high-throughput screening applications. As a proof of concept, this platform was used to screen a kinase inhibitor library to identify modulators of matrix alignment. A number of novel potential regulators were identified, including several receptor tyrosine kinases [c-MET, tropomyosin receptor kinase 1 (NTRK1), HER2/ERBB2] and the serine/threonine kinases protein kinase A, C, and G. The expression of these regulators was analyzed in publicly available patient datasets to examine the association between stromal gene expression and patient outcomes. Significance: ECM fiber organization and alignment contribute to metastasis in a number of cancers and are a known prognostic stromal factor; however, the mechanisms controlling matrix organization remain unclear. Here, a high-throughput assay was developed to enable discovery-based screening for an in vitro ECM fiber alignment assay. As proof of concept, this platform was used to screen a kinase inhibitor library and identified several novel modulators of matrix alignment.
Overfitting and correlations in model fitting with separation ratios.

The $r_{01}$ and $r_{10}$ separation ratios are not independent so combing them into a single series $r_{010}$ is overfitting the data, this can lead to almost singular covariance matrices with very large condition numbers, and hence to spurious results when comparing models and observations. Since the $r_{02}$ ratios are strongly correlated with $r_{10}$ and $r_{01}$ ratios, they should be combined into a single series $r_{102}$ (or $r_{012}$), which are not overfitted, and models and observation compared using the covariance matrix $cov_{102}$ (or $cov_{012}$) of the combined set. I illustrate these points by comparing the revised Legacy Project data with my results on the 10 Kepler stars in common.