Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successful Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty in Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy

Purpose: To report successful Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) in a patient with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). Methods: A 19-year-old boy presented with complaints of decreased vision, hazy corneas, and nystagmus since birth. Six months prior, the right eye had undergone penetrating keratoplasty. In the left eye, he was planned for DSEK. Results: Successful Descemet membrane (DM) scoring and stripping was achieved with a reverse Sinskey hook after trypan blue staining. Manually dissected posterior stromal donor tissue was transplanted using Busin glide. Corneal edema resolved completely with a final best-corrected visual acuity of 20/100 at 6 months. Serial anterior segment optical coherence tomography scans showed maximum decrease in stromal thickness in the first month. Despite resolution of corneal edema, mild stromal haze persisted, which decreased with time. Histopathology of removed DM showed thickened DM and absence of endothelial cells which was suggestive of CHED. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful DSEK in a patient with CHED.
Synergistic Induction of Neurite Outgrowth by Nerve Growth Factor or Epidermal Growth Factor and Interleukin-6 in PC12 Cells*

Native PC12 cells respond differentially to nerve growth factor (NGF) but not interleukin-6 (IL-6); PC12-E2 cells, a stable variant, respond to both stimuli (and more rapidly to NGF). Neither responds to epidermal growth factor (EGF). NGF primarily induces the RAS/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and IL-6 activates a JAK (Janus tyrosine kinase)/STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) response. EGF also stimulates RAS/ERK but in a transient manner. When either cell type is treated with combinations of NGF, EGF, and IL-6, at concentrations that produce modest or no response, a substantial augmentation of neurite outgrowth is observed. With PC12-E2 cells, a subthreshold concentration of IL-6 increases NGF response by ~2-3-fold after 1-2 days; the increase with EGF is more pronounced. Native PC12 cells show even greater synergistic effects with NGF and IL-6. The most dramatic effect was observed with low levels of EGF, where IL-6 increased the percentage of responsive cells from zero to ~60% after 3 days. In addition, two neural-specific transcripts, GAP-43 and SCG-10, are synergistically increased by the combinations of growth factors. Importantly, IL-6 does not enhance ERK phosphorylation in the presence of either NGF or EGF. In contrast, NGF and EGF, in the presence or absence of IL-6, cause mobility shifts of Stat3 that are consistent with serine phosphorylations. Although these modifications do not lead to activation and translocation by themselves, in the presence of the tyrosine phosphorylation induced by IL-6, they may play a role in the synergistic responses. These observations suggest a differentially regulated two-stage mechanism for the differentiative response of PC12 cells to NGF.
Chinese-English mixed-lingual keyword spotting

Base on our former experience in the "ITRI 104 Auto Attendant System" of using keyword spotting for Mandarin speech recognition (W.-C. Shieh et al., CCL Technical Journal, vol. 96), a Chinese-English mixed-lingual keyword spotting system, which caters for the Taiwanese speaking style, is presented. Detailed descriptions and discussions for developing the mixed-lingual auto attendant system are included, especially for solving different scoring scales in the decoding phase and the re-scoring phase for the two languages. In the decoding phase, we propose a bias-compensation method to make up the score-gap in the likelihood calculation of using Chinese and English acoustic models. To select the most probable result from the recognized hypotheses, a method is also presented of normalizing the combination scores when using different scoring mechanisms in the re-scoring phase.
Macronuclear DNA demethylation is involved in the encystment process of the ciliate Colpoda inflata.

Ciliate encystment is an eukaryotic cell differentiation process which involves a specific gene expression, to form the resting stage. In this study, we investigate, for first time, the DNA methylation pattern changes during encystment in the ciliate Colpoda inflata, and the 5‐azacytidine effect on growing cells and encystment. Results indicate that 5‐methylcytosine is present in macronuclear DNA of this ciliate and the 5‐azacytidine treatment induces encystment in growth conditions. From restriction enzyme digestion and 5‐azacytidine experiments, we conclude that a specific DNA demethylation is probably involved in the encystment gene expression of this ciliate.
The Formation of Indoleacetylaspartic Acid in Pea Seedlings.

Although the morphological effects of the application of indoleacetic acid (IAA) to plants are well defined, very little is known of the fate of IAA after it has entered the plant tissues. An enzyme system which brings about the oxidation of IAA to unknown products has been described (4). Recently Siegel and Galston (5) have reported that IAA is incorporated into a protein complex by pea root tips. Andreae (1) working with pea stems and roots observed that exogenous IAA is largely converted in the tissue into an ether-insoluble substance which gives a stable mauve color with the Salkowski reagent (FeCl3-H2S04) and is not affected by the IAA oxidase of peas. This substance has now been identified as indoleacetylaspartic acid.
Fabrication and characterization of cross-linked gelatin electro-spun nanofibers

In this study, we developed a fast, simple and novel process to fabricate cross-linked electro-spun gelatin with limited amounts of glutaraldehyde (GA) using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as the solvent. Using SEM, the uncross-linked gelatin fibers were determined to have diameters between 50-300 nm, while the cross-linked gelatin electro-spun fibers had diameters between 100-500 nm. FT-IR revealed that the uncross-linked and cross-linked electro-spun gelatin was fabricated successfully by electro-spinning using TFA as a solvent, which has not been reported until now. Stress-strain curves showed that the addition of small amounts of GA increased the strength of the gelatin by two fold and allowed for the creation of a water insoluble gelatin electro-spun membrane.
Need for cognition and the effects of repeated expression on attitude accessibility and extremity

An abundance of empirical data supports the notion that an attitude's accessibility is a key determinant of the attitude's likelihood of influencing judgment and behavior (see Fazio, forthcoming, for a review). Repeated expression of an attitude has been shown to enhance attitude accessibility, but recent findings suggest that attitude polarization is another possible consequence of this procedure. We conducted a study to determine if these polarization and accessibility effects might be partially mediated by increases in attitude-relevant thought. Consistent with this reasoning, subjects high in their need for cognition (NFC) showed both greater polarization and greater accessibility increases than did low NFC subjects. [ to cite ]: Stephen M. Smith, Curtis P. Haugtvedt, and Richard E. Petty (1994) ,"Need For Cognition and the Effects of Repeated Expression on Attitude Accessibility and Extremity", in NA Advances in Consumer Research Volume 21, eds. Chris T. Allen and Deborah Roedder John, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 234-237. [ direct url ]: http://acrwebsite.org/volumes/7593/volumes/v21/NA-21
Cooperative transmit diversity based on physical layer network coding

We propose a new strategy for cooperative transmit diversity based on physical layer network coding and multiuser detection. Physical-layer Network Coding (PNC) exploits interference, instead of avoiding it, all source nodes transmit simultaneously to significantly enhance network throughput. The scenario under consideration is one in which two source nodes A and B transmit information to a common destination node D. Simulation results show that our new scheme outperforms traditional cooperative diversity based on decode-and-forward about 1.5 dB in terms of frame-error-rate (FER) but less complexity.
Depression in Patients with Epilepsy: An Overview

That depression is common in the context of epilepsy is undisputed, although only a few studies have defined what exactly is meant by depression or have used recognized diagnostic criteria of depressive illness for entry into investigations. Nevertheless, there has been substantial documentation of the relationship between depression and epilepsy in the literature, and there have been comprehensive reviews on the subject as well. ],* This article will attempt to give a brief overview of' the subject and make some suggestions as to the etiology and management of the depression.
Clinical and Economic Validation of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) Classification Scheme

Objective:The authors sought to validate the ISGPF classification scheme in a large cohort of patients following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in a pancreaticobiliary surgical specialty unit. Summary Background Data:Definitions of postoperative pancreatic fistula vary widely, precluding accurate comparisons of surgical techniques and experiences. The ISGPF has proposed a classification scheme for pancreatic fistula based on clinical parameters; yet it has not been rigorously tested or validated. Methods:Between October 2001 and 2005, 176 consecutive patients underwent PD with a single drain placed. Pancreatic fistula was defined by ISGPF criteria. Cases were divided into four categories: no fistula; biochemical fistula without clinical sequelae (grade A), fistula requiring any therapeutic intervention (grade B), and fistula with severe clinical sequelae (grade C). Clinical and economic outcomes were analyzed across all grades. Results:More than two thirds of all patients had no evidence of fistula. Grade A fistulas occurred 15% of the time, grade B 12%, and grade C 3%. All measurable outcomes were equivalent between the no fistula and grade A classes. Conversely, costs, duration of stay, ICU duration, and disposition acuity progressively increased from grade A to C. Resource utilization similarly escalated by grade. Conclusions:Biochemical evidence of pancreatic fistula alone has no clinical consequence and does not result in increased resource utilization. Increasing fistula grades have negative clinical and economic impacts on patients and their healthcare resources. These findings validate the ISGPF classification scheme for pancreatic fistula.
Relações entre afetos positivos e negativos e os cinco fatores de personalidade

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a existencia de associacoes entre afetos positivos e negativos e os fatores de personalidade, sob a perspectiva do modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores. Colaboraram para o desenvolvimento do estudo 529 estudantes do Ensino Medio de escolas publicas e particulares com idades entre 14 a 27 anos (M = 16,0; DP = 1,48). No que se refere ao sexo 223 (42,2%) eram homens e 306 (57,8%), mulheres. Foram aplicadas a Escala de Afetos Zanon (EAZ) e a Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP). Dentre os resultados, a relacao entre o fator neuroticismo e os afetos negativos gerou o coeficiente mais forte (r = 0,62). Em relacao aos afetos positivos, a maior correlacao se deu com o fator extroversao (r = 0,42). Verificou-se que neuroticismo e o melhor preditor dos afetos negativos, enquanto que extroversao dos afetos positivos. Os achados sao discutidos a luz da literatura.
A Multi-Objective Framework for Transmission Expansion Planning in Deregulated Environments

Deregulation of power system has introduced new objectives and requirements for transmission expansion problem. In this paper, a static transmission expansion methodology is presented using a multi-objective optimization framework. Investment cost, reliability (both adequacy and security), and congestion cost are considered in the optimization as three objectives. To overcome the difficulties in solving the nonconvex and mixed integer nature of the optimization problems, the genetic based NSGA II algorithm is used followed by a fuzzy decision making analysis to obtain the final optimal solution. The planning methodology has been demonstrated on the IEEE 24-bus test system to show the feasibility and capabilities of the proposed algorithm. Also, in order to compare the historical expansion plan and the expansion plan developed by the proposed methodology, it was applied to the real life system of northeastern part of Iranian national 400-kV transmission grid.
The function and meaning of work and the job.

W ITH the increasing complexity and industrialization of society, work for many people has become more and more simply a means toward the end of earning a living. However, we are in danger of over-generalizing this trend and pushing it to its logical conclusion, expecting that working serves only a means function. 1 The present study of the meaning of work among a national sample of employed men indicates that for most men having a job serves other functions than the one of earning a living. In fact, even if they had enough money to support themselves, they would still want to work. Working gives them a feeling of being tied into the larger society, of having something to do, of having a purpose in life. These other functions which working serves are evidently not seen as available in non-work activities. This finding that work has other meanings is consistent with observations of the effect of retirement and the effect of unemployment on men. If men work only for money, there is no way of explaining the degree of dislocation and deprivation which retirement, even on an adequate salary, appears to bring to the formerly employed. The particularity interesting results of this national sample study on the meaning of working are: (1) that working is more than a means to an end for the vast majority of employed men; (2) that a man does not
Recent Advances in Working Memory

Baddeley and Hitch proposed a fundamental framework for working memory in 1974, emphasizing its transiently activated memory aspect for performing various cognitive tasks. This concept of working memory is quite useful in understanding human cognitive processes and has been widely used in the fields of cognitive and developmental psychology and neuropsychology. The idea of working memory has also been introduced to consider cognitive rehabilitation for patients with brain damage. In the present review, we first described a current theoretical framework of working memory and then reported on recent studies on the conceptualization of working memory. We subsequently reviewed neural substrates of working memory subsystems, i. e. , the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketch pad and the central executive. We further referred to the contribution of working memory in understanding various language-related symptoms in patients with aphasia, one of the major targets in the field of cognitive rehabilitation. Working memory plays a crucial role in the everyday life of brain damaged patients. Future research is warranted to focus on the improvement of deficient working memory in order to ameliorate clinical problems of brain damaged patients.
Évaluation de l’effet de faux souvenirs en vieillissement normal : validation de scores composites des fonctions temporale médiane et frontale et contribution aux hypothèses théoriques

Although it is well established that aging causes an increase in false memory, debates about theoretical explanations and cognitive mechanisms are still open. Theoretical assumptions derived from Fuzzy Trace Theory (Brainerd & Reyna, 1990) and the Activation/Monitoring Framework (Roediger, Balota, & Watson, 2001) parallel age-related changes to medial temporal lobe (MTL)/memory function and to frontal lobe (FL)/executive functions. However, these assumptions are mostly based on patient populations who generally exhibit dramatic alterations to cognitive functions, and evidence from normal aging is scarce. Thus, we tested these assumptions, in 52 healthy older adults, who were first divided according to their MTL/memory function capacities while controlling for FL/executive functions capacities between sub-groups, and then divided according to their FL/executive functions capacities, while controlling for MTL/memory function capacities. The Deese-Roediger/McDermott (DRM) paradigm was used
Composition of Aqueous Extracts of Broiler Litter Treated with Aluminum Sulfate, Ferrous Sulfate, Ferric Chloride and Gypsum

More knowledge on the composition of aqueous extracts of broiler litter amended for Water Soluble P (WSP) reduction would help to understand how amendments work. We measured pH, concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn, Molybdate Reactive P (MRP), and Dissolved Unreactive P (DUP) in water extracts of broiler litter treated with aluminum sulfate (ALS), ferrous sulfate (FES), ferric chloride (FEC), and gypsum (GYP) at 0, 5, 15, and 25% w/w. In order to study the effects of acidification, the same properties were measured in aqueous extracts of broiler litter suspensions that were titrated to end-points 3, 4, or 6 with 0.5N HCl. Concentrations of MRP, DUP, Ca and Mg, were 61%, 53%, 3.8 times, and 2.6 times greater in extracts from suspensions acidified to pH 6 than at the original pH of 8.9. ALS, FES, and FEC reduced pH, and showed similar effects on WSP concentrations, which were greater than with GYP. The magnitude of the reductions in WSP by ALS, FES, and FEC is uncertain because the actual amount of WSP immobilized cannot be determined. This is because of two opposite effects: 1) Through adsorption, soluble aluminum and iron remove phosphates from solution, and 2) Through acidification, iron and aluminum compounds release phosphates to solution.
Energy Efficient Beaconing Control Strategy Based on Time-Continuous Markov Model in DTNs

In delay-tolerant networks (DTNs), unpredictable mobility leads to the uncertainty of network topology, and it is hard to maintain an end-to-end connection from the source to the destination. To realize the forwarding of the messages, beaconing is used to detect the contact probabilities. However, beaconing frequency not only influences the detection probability of the available communications but is concerned with the energy consumption rate as well. The higher the beaconing frequency is, the faster the energy is consumed. The energy consumption leads to the reduction of the network survival time, due to the lack of energy supply. In contrast, the lower the beaconing frequency is, the less frequently available communications are detected, which also leads to a decrease in delivery rate. Therefore, it is meaningful to find out the most suitable beaconing frequency in specific DTNs. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient dynamic beaconing control strategy in energy-constrained DTNs (DBCEC) based on the time-continuous Markov model. Six different dynamic function forms are, respectively, used to control the beaconing frequency. Simulations based on the synthetic mobility pattern and real mobility traces are conducted in the Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE), and the results show that DBCEC-E achieves a better delivery rate without affecting the average delay and the overhead ratio, compared with other beaconing control strategies.
Inhibition of cortical acetylcholine release and cognitive performance by histamine H3 receptor activation in rats

1 The effects of histamine and agents acting at histamine receptors on spontaneous and 100 mM K+‐evoked release of acetylcholine, measured by microdialysis from the cortex of freely moving rats, and on cognitive tests are described. 2 Local administration of histamine (0.1–100 μm) failed to affect spontaneous but inhibited 100 mM K+‐stimulated release of acetylcholine up to about 50%. The H3 receptor agonists (R)‐α‐methylhistamine (RAMH) (0.1–10 μm), imetit (0.01–10 μm) and immepip (0.01–10 μm) mimicked the effect of histamine. 3 Neither 2‐thiazolylethylamine (TEA), an agonist showing some selectivity for H1 receptors, nor the H2 receptor agonist, dimaprit, modified 100 mM K+‐evoked release of acetylcholine. 4 The inhibitory effect of 100 μm histamine was completely prevented by the highly selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, clobenpropit but was resistant to antagonism by triprolidine and cimetidine, antagonists at histamine H1 and H2 but not H3 receptors. 5 The H3 receptor‐induced inhibition of K+‐evoked release of acetylcholine was fully sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX). 6 The effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of imetit (5 mg kg−1) and RAMH (5 mg kg−1) were tested on acetylcholine release and short term memory paradigms. Both drugs reduced 100 mM K+‐evoked release of cortical acetylcholine, and impaired object recognition and a passive avoidance response. 7 These observations provide the first evidence of a regulatory role of histamine H3 receptors on cortical acetylcholine release in vivo. Moreover, they suggest a role for histamine in learning and memory and may have implications for the treatment of degenerative disorders associated with impaired cholinergic function.
Reduction in hepatic endothelin-1 clearance in cirrhosis.

Circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels are increased in cirrhosis. The liver is an important site for circulating ET-1 clearance through the ET(B) receptor. We evaluated ET-1 kinetics in cirrhosis to determine if a reduced liver clearance contributes to this process. Cirrhosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Hepatic ET-1 clearance was measured in isolated perfused livers using the single bolus multiple indicator-dilution technique. Plasma ET-1 levels doubled in cirrhosis from 0.49+/-0.04 fmol/ml (mean+/-S.E.M.) to 1.0+/-0.18 fmol/ml ( P <0.01). Liver ET-1 extraction was reduced from 81+/-1% (mean+/-S.E.M.) in controls to 50+/-6% in cirrhosis ( P <0.01). Kinetic modelling revealed a major irreversible binding site for ET-1 that is blocked by the selective ET(B) receptor antagonist BQ788 and a minor non-specific reversible binding site that cannot be blocked with BQ788 or the selective ET(A) antagonist BQ123. Reduced hepatic clearance correlated with the biochemical markers of cirrhosis, portal vein perfusion pressure ( r =-0.457; P <0.001) and the increase in ET-1 levels ( r =-0.462; P =0.002). Immunohistofluorescence with specific anti-(ET(B) receptor) antibodies revealed a preponderant distribution of ET(B) receptors on hepatic stellate cells, which was increased in cirrhosis. We conclude that cirrhosis reduces ET-1 clearance probably by capillarization of hepatic sinusoids and reduced access to ET(B) receptors. This relates to the severity of cirrhosis and may contribute to the increase in circulating ET-1 levels.