Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cluster model of A=7 nuclei revisited, and the astrophysical S factors for 3He(α,γ)7Be and 3H(α,γ)7Li at zero energy

A local potential cluster model treatment of the A=7 nuclei is updated in the light of a recent re-analysis of old experimental data and some new experimental measurements. The model is then used to calculate directly (without any energy extrapolation) the astrophysical S factors for 3He( alpha , gamma )7Be and 3H( alpha , gamma )7Li at zero energy. The authors find S0=0.51+or-0.03 keV b for the former reaction and S0=0.09+or-0.03 keV b for the latter, in good agreement with direct cross section measurements.
A generalization of quantales with applications to modules and rings

We introduce a lattice structure as a generalization of meet-continuous lattices and quantales. We develop a point-free approach to these new lattices and apply these results to $R$-modules. In particular, we give the module counterpart of the well known result that in a commutative ring the set of semiprime ideals, that is, the set of radical ideals is a frame.
M giant populations and galactic structure

La photometrie JHKL est donnee pour 63 geantes M locales, 195 geantes M situees hors du plan galactique, et 34 geantes M connues pour etre des variables semi-regulieres. En utilisant le diagramme (J-H) 0 -(H-K) 0 une comparaison est effectuee avec des modeles publies recemment et avec la population des geantes M dans la fenetre Baade NGC 6522 du bulbe galactique. Les resultats montrent qu'il y a des geantes M dans le voisinage solaire etendu a des distances d'environ 500 pc ou plus du plan galactique qui reposent dans la meme region du diagramme (J-H) 0 -(H-K) 0 que les geantes M dans le champ NGC 6522. Ces resultats indiquent que ces etoiles ont des metallicites similaires aux geantes M du bulbe.
Spectral boundary value problems for Laplace--Beltrami operator: moduli of continuity of eigenvalues under domain deformation

The paper is pertaining to the spectral theory of operators and boundary value problems for differential equations on manifolds. Eigenvalues of such problems are studied as functionals on the space of domains. Resolvent continuity of the corresponding operators is established under domain deformation and estimates of continuity moduli of their eigenvalues $\slash$ eigenfunctions are obtained provided the boundary of nonperturbed domain is locally represented as a graph of some continuous function and domain deformation is measured with respect to the Hausdorff--Pompeiu metric.
A 500 kpc HI Tail of the Virgo Pair NGC4532/DDO137 Detected by ALFALFA

Abstract HI observations of the Virgo Cluster pair NGC 4532/DDO 137, conducted as part of the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey, reveal an HI feature extending ~500kpc to the southwest. The structure has a total mass of up to 7 x 108M⊙, equivalent to 10% of the pair HI mass. Optical R imaging reveals no counterparts to a level of 26.5 mag arcsec−2. The structure is likely the result of galaxy harassment.
On Framed Quivers, BPS Invariants and Defects

In this note we review some of the uses of framed quivers to study BPS invariants of Donaldson-Thomas type. We will mostly focus on non-compact Calabi-Yau threefolds. In certain cases the study of these invariants can be approached as a generalized instanton problem in a six dimensional cohomological Yang-Mills theory. One can construct a quantum mechanics model based on a certain framed quiver which locally describes the theory around a generalized instanton solution. The problem is then reduced to the study of the moduli spaces of representations of these quivers. Examples include the affine space and noncommutative crepant resolutions of orbifold singularities. In the second part of the survey we introduce the concepts of defects in physics and argue with a few examples that they give rise to a modified Donaldson-Thomas problem. We mostly focus on divisor defects in six dimensional Yang-Mills theory and their relation with the moduli spaces of parabolic sheaves. In certain cases also this problem can be reformulated in terms of framed quivers.
$X$-torsion and universal groups

For a set $X\subseteq \mathbb{N}$, we define the $X$-torsion of a group $G$ to be all elements $g\in G$ with $g^{n}=e$ for some $n\in X$. With $X$ recursively enumerable, we give two independent proofs (group-theoretic, and model-theoretic) that there exists a universal finitely presented $X$-torsion-free group; one which contains all finitely presented $X$-torsion-free groups. We also show that, if $X$ is recursively enumerable, then the set of finite presentations of $X$-torsion-free groups is $\Pi_{2}^{0}$-complete in Kleene's arithmetic hierarchy.
Duality for Legendrian contact homology

The main result of this paper is that, off of a `fundamental class' in degree 1, the linearized Legendrian contact homology obeys a version of Poincare duality between homology groups in degrees k and -k. Not only does the result itself simplify calculations, but its proof also establishes a framework for analyzing cohomology operations on the linearized Legendrian contact homology.
An exact penalization viewpoint of constrained optimization

In their seminal papers Eremin [Soviet Mathematics Doklady, 8 (1966), pp. 459–462] and Zangwill [Management Science, 13 (1967), pp. 344–358] introduce a notion of exact penalization for use in the development of algorithms for constrained optimization. Since that time, exact penalty functions have continued to play a key role in the theory of mathematical programming. In the present paper, this theory is unified by showing how the Eremin–Zangwill exact penalty functions can be used to develop the foundations of the theory of constrained optimization for finite dimensions in an elementary and straightforward way. Regularity conditions, multiplier rules, second-order optimality conditions, and convex programming are all given interpretations relative to the Eremin–Zangwill exact penalty functions. In conclusion, a historical review of those results associated with the existence of an exact penalty parameter is provided.
A New Approach to Inverting Backscatter and Extinction from Photon-Limited Lidar Observations

Atmospheric lidar observations provide a unique capability to directly observe the vertical column of cloud and aerosol scattering properties. Detector and solar background noise, however, hinder the ability of lidar systems to provide reliable backscatter and extinction cross-section estimates. Standard methods for solving this inverse problem are most effective with high signal-to-noise ratio observations that are only available at low-resolution in uniform scenes. This paper describes a novel method for solving the inverse problem with high-resolution, lower signal-to-noise ratio observations that are effective in non-uniform scenes. The novelty is twofold. First, the inference of the backscatter and extinction are done on images, whereas current lidar algorithms only use the information content of single profiles. Hence, the latent spatial and temporal information in the noisy images are utilized to infer the cross-sections. Second, the noise associated with photon-counting lidar observations can be modeled using a Poisson distribution, and state-of-the-art tools for solving Poisson inverse problems are adapted to the atmospheric lidar problem. It is demonstrated through photon-counting High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) simulations that the proposed algorithm yield inverted backscatter and extinction cross-sections (per unit volume) with smaller Mean Squared Error (MSE) values at higher spatial and temporal resolutions, compared to the standard approach. Two case studies of real experimental data are also provided where the proposed algorithm is applied on HSRL observations and the inverted backscatter and extinction cross-sections are compared against the standard approach.
On the specific heat of heavy-fermion systems using the periodic Anderson model

The periodic Anderson model (PAM) represents a paradigm for understanding the physics of heavy-fermion (HF) compounds. In this paper, we study the specific heat of HF systems using the PAM within the framework of dynamical mean-field theory. By examining the systematic variation of specific heat as a function of particle-hole asymmetry and coupling strength, with the natural focus being on strong coupling, it is demonstrated that experimentally measured specific heat of a variety of paramagnetic Kondo insulators such as YbB12, SmB6, FeSi, CeRhSb and HF metals such as CeFeGe3, YbAl3 and CeAl3 can be understood semi-quantitatively using the PAM.
Tracking a rainfall index constrained by Conditional Value-at-Risk

Portfolio replication is a well studied problem from finance, whereby a subset of instruments is selected to track the average movement of all such instruments. Using expected monetary value as the decision criterion for selection is a trade-off of over and under estimators. An alternate criterion developed in finance is Conditional Value-at-Risk, employed to measure and restrict excessive deviation either above or below the centre. That same objective may be useful in monitoring environmental variables where the exclusion or inclusion of extreme values may be critical to representing the features of interest of the variable. We demonstrate the application of the risk measure to meteorological data in Australia, selecting a weighted combination of stations to best track an index of average annual rainfall. References Howlett, P. G. and Piantadosi, J. (2007). A note on Conditional Value at Risk. Optimization , 56 , 629--632. doi:10.1080/02331930701617080 Rockafellar, R. T. and Uryasev, S. (2002). Conditional Value-at-Risk for General Loss Distributions. Journal of Banking and Finance , 26 , 1443--1471. doi:10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00271-6 Webby, R. B. , Adamson, P. T. , Boland, J., Howlett, P. G. , Metcalfe, A. V. and Piantadosi, J. (2006). The Mekong---applications of Value-at-Risk and Conditional-Value-at-Risk simulation to the benefits, costs and consequences of water resources development in a large river basin. Ecological Modelling , 201 , 89--96. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel. 2006.07. 033 Yamout, G. M. , Hatfield, K. and Romeijn, H. E. (2007) Comparison of new conditional value-at-risk management for optimal allocation of uncertain water supplies. Water Resources Research , 43 , W07430. doi:10.1029/2006WR005210 Yum, K. -K. , Blackmore, J. and Anticev, J. (2009). Modelling and evaluating water allocation risks using Value-at-Risk. Proceedings of the 18th World IMACS/MODSIM Congress . http://www.mssanz. org.au/modsim09/G3/yum.pdf [20/04/2010].
A general and solvable random matrix model for spin decoherence

We propose and solve a simple but very general quantum model of a SU(2) spin interacting with a large external system with N states. The coupling is described by a random Hamiltonian in a new general Gaussian SU(2) × U(N) random matrix ensemble, that we introduce in this paper. We solve the model in the large N limit, for any value of the spin j and for any choice of the coupling matrix element distributions in the different possible angular momentum channels l (and provided that the internal dynamics of the spin is slow). Besides its mathematical interest as a non-trivial random matrix model, it allows us to study and illustrate in a simple framework various phenomena: the decoherence dynamics, the conditions of emergence of the classical phase space for the spin, and the properties of quantum diffusion in phase space. The large time evolution for the spin is shown to be non-Markovian in general, the Markov property emerging in some specific cases for the dynamics and the initial conditions.
Index theory and deformations of open nonnegatively curved manifolds

We use an index-theoretic technique of Hitchin to show that the space of complete Riemannian metrics of nonnegative sectional curvature on certain open spin manifolds has nontrivial homotopy groups in infinitely many degrees. A new ingredient of independent interest is homotopy density of the subspace of metrics with cylindrical ends.
Relativistic Kinematics of Two-Parametric Riemann Surface in Genus Two

It is considered a model of compact Riemann surface in genus two, represented geometrically by two-parametric hyperbolic octagon with an order four automorphism and described algebraically by the corresponding Fuchsian group. Introducing the Fenchel–Nielsen variables, we compute the Weil–Petersson (WP) symplectic two-form for parameter space and analyze the closed isoperimetric orbits of octagons. WP-Area in parameter space and the canonical action– angle variables for the orbits are found. Exploiting the ideas from the loop quantum gravity, we generate relativistic kinematics by the Lorentz boost and quantize WP-area. We treat the evolution in terms of global variables within the “big bounce” concept.
On Variance Components in Semiparametric Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data

Abstract. First, to test the existence of random effects in semiparametric mixed models (SMMs) under only moment conditions on random effects and errors, we propose a very simple and easily implemented non‐parametric test based on a difference between two estimators of the error variance. One test is consistent only under the null and the other can be so under both the null and alternatives. Instead of erroneously solving the non‐standard two‐sided testing problem, as in most papers in the literature, we solve it correctly and prove that the asymptotic distribution of our test statistic is standard normal. This avoids Monte Carlo approximations to obtain p‐values, as is needed for many existing methods, and the test can detect local alternatives approaching the null at rates up to root n. Second, as the higher moments of the error are necessarily estimated because the standardizing constant involves these quantities, we propose a general method to conveniently estimate any moments of the error. Finally, a simulation study and a real data analysis are conducted to investigate the properties of our procedures.
Farrell–Jones via Dehn fillings

Following the approach of Dahmani, Guirardel and Osin, we extend the group theoretical Dehn filling theorem to show that the pre-images of infinite order subgroups have a certain structure of a free product. We then apply this result to establish the Farrell–Jones conjecture for groups hyperbolic relative to a family of residually finite subgroups satisfying the Farrell–Jones conjecture, partially recovering a result of Bartels.
A dyadic model on a tree

We study an infinite system of nonlinear differential equations coupled in a tree-like structure. This system was previously introduced in the literature and it is the model from which the dyadic shell model of turbulence was derived. It mimics 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in a rough approximation of wavelet decomposition. We prove existence of finite energy solutions, anomalous dissipation in the inviscid unforced case, existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions (either conservative or not) in the forced case.
Virgo Early-Type Dwarfs in ALFALFA

Abstract Early-type dwarf galaxies dominate cluster populations, but their formation and evolutionary histories are poorly understood. The ALFALFA (Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA) survey has completed observations of the Virgo Cluster in the declination range of 6 – 16 degrees. Less than 2% of the early-type dwarf population is detected, a significantly lower fraction than reported in previous papers based on more limited samples. In contrast ~30% of the irregular/BCD dwarf population is detected. The detected early-type galaxies tend to be located in the outer regions of the cluster, with a concentration in the direction of the M Cloud. Many show evidence for ongoing/recent star formation. Galaxies such as these may be undergoing morphological transition due to cluster environmental effects.
Geometric coincidence results from multiplicity of continuous maps

In this paper we study geometric coincidence problems in the spirit of the following problems by B. Gr\"unbaum: How many affine diameters of a convex body in $\mathbb R^n$ must have a common point? How many centers (in some sense) of hyperplane sections of a convex body in $\mathbb R^n$ must coincide? One possible approach to such problems is to find topological reasons for multiple coincidences for a continuous map between manifolds of equal dimension. In other words, we need topological estimates for the multiplicity of a map. In this work examples of such estimates and their geometric consequences are presented.
Schottky barrier height at an organic/metal junction: A first-principles study of PTCDA/X (X=Al, Ag) contacts

First-principles calculations within the density-functional theory have been performed for a 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) molecule deposited on Al(111) and Ag(111) substrates, focusing on the structural and electronic properties. The relatively large interplanar distance between the PTCDA plane and the Al surface, along with the small adsorption energy, suggest the interaction to be pretty weak. Moreover, the analysis of Mulliken population combined with the density of states shows that the main interactions occur in the molecular anhydride end groups, whereas the perylene core is basically unaffected by the Al substrate. Very similar results are obtained for PTCDA deposited on the Ag(111) surface, the interaction being even weaker than with Al, as expected for the less reactive noble metal. As for the technologically important issue of the potential lineup, our results show that the PTCDA/Al contact has a rectifying character, with a p-type Schottky barrier height of about 1.5 eV. This same value is obtained for the PTCDA/Ag contact, irrespective of the interface geometry. This suggests that, irrespective of the underlying metal, the Fermi level is pinned at the same energy position with respect to the PTCDA highest occupied molecular orbital, in excellent qualitative agreement with experimental findings.
Electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole transitions among 3d6 levels of Fe III

Radiative rates for electric quadrapole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) transitions among the lowest 32 levels belonging to the 3d6 configuration of doubly charged iron (Fe III) are calculated using our recently generated (Deb and Hibbert 2007 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40 F251) J-dependent configuration interaction (CI) wavefunctions. These results are then compared with other available theoretical calculations. It is found that there are large disagreements among various calculations for many of the transitions, with the present A-values for E2 and M1 transitions often significantly higher than the corresponding values in other calculations.
Rule Primality, Minimal Generating Sets, Turing-Universality and Causal Decomposition in Elementary Cellular Automata

We introduce several concepts such as prime and composite rule, tools and methods for causal composition and decomposition. We discover and prove new universality results in ECA, namely, that the Boolean composition of ECA rules 51 and 118, and 170, 15 and 118 can emulate ECA rule 110 and are thus Turing-universal coupled systems. We construct the 4-colour Turing-universal cellular automaton that carries the Boolean composition of the 2 and 3 ECA rules emulating ECA rule 110 under multi-scale coarse-graining. We find that rules generating the ECA rulespace by Boolean composition are of low complexity and comprise prime rules implementing basic operations that when composed enable complex behaviour. We also found a candidate minimal set with only 38 ECA prime rules---and several other small sets---capable of generating all other (non-trivially symmetric) 88 ECA rules under Boolean composition.
Local-global compatibility and the action of monodromy on nearby cycles

We strengthen the local-global compatibility of Langlands correspondences for GLn in the case when n is even and l 6D p. Let L be a CM field, and let . be a cuspidal automorphic representation of GLn.AL/ which is conjugate self-dual. Assume that.1 is cohomological and not “slightly regular,” as defined by Shin. In this case, Chenevier and Harris constructed an l-adic Galois representationRl. / and proved the local-global compatibility up to semisimplification at primes v not dividing l . We extend this compatibility by showing that the Frobenius semisimplification of the restriction of Rl. / to the decomposition group at v corresponds to the image of . v via the local Langlands correspondence. We follow the strategy of Taylor and Yoshida, where it was assumed that . is square-integrable at a finite place. To make the argument work, we study the action of the monodromy operator N on the complex of nearby cycles on a scheme which is locally etale over a product of strictly semistable schemes and we derive a generalization of the weight spectral sequence in this case. We also prove the Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture for . as above.
MEASUREMENTS: IMPROVED ROBUSTNESS VIA EIGENVECTOR-BASED ANGULAR SYNCHRONIZATION

We improve a phase retrieval approach that uses correlation-based measurements with compactly supported measurement masks [27]. The improved algorithm admits deterministic measurement constructions together with a robust, fast recovery algorithm that consists of solving a system of linear equations in a lifted space, followed by ﬁnding an eigenvector (e.g., via an inverse power iteration). Theoretical reconstruction error guarantees from [27] are improved as a result for the new and more robust reconstruction approach proposed herein. Numerical experiments demonstrate robustness and computational eﬃciency that outperforms competing approaches on large problems. Finally, we show that this approach also trivially extends to phase retrieval problems based on windowed Fourier measurements.
Time scale separation in the low temperature East model: rigorous results

We consider the non-equilibrium dynamics of the East model, a linear chain of 0–1 spins evolving under a simple Glauber dynamics in the presence of a kinetic constraint which forbids flips of those spins whose left neighbor is 1. We focus on the glassy effects caused by the kinetic constraint as q↓0, where q is the equilibrium density of the 0 spins. Specifically we analyze time scale separation and dynamic heterogeneity, i.e. non-trivial spatio-temporal fluctuations of the local relaxation to equilibrium, one of the central aspects of glassy dynamics. For any mesoscopic length scale L = O(q−γ), γ < 1, we show that the characteristic time scales associated with two length scales d/qγ and d′/qγ are indeed separated by a factor q−α, α = α(γ) > 0, provided that d′/d is large enough independently of q. In particular, the evolution of mesoscopic domains, i.e. maximal blocks of the form 111…10, occurs on a time scale which depends sharply on the size of the domain, a clear signature of dynamic heterogeneity. Finally we show that no form of time scale separation can occur for γ = 1, i.e. at the equilibrium scale L = 1/q, contrary to what was previously assumed in the physical literature based on numerical simulations.
A comparison method for heavy-tailed random variables

We investigate a way of comparing and classifying tails of random variables. Our approach extends the notion of classical indices, such as exponential and moment indices, which are widely used measuring heaviness of tail functions. A non-parametric risk measure applicable for all heavy-tailed random variables is obtained as a concave function that represents the decay speed of tail function. Many key properties of the distribution of a random variable are encoded into this function, which enables a new way to estimate tails. The latter half of the paper is devoted to numerous examples illustrating properties of the results developed during the first half.