Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial Results of the Geosynchronous Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometer (GeoSTAR)

An error budget is presented to meet 1 Kelvin radiometric accuracy in a geostationary atmospheric sounder with 50 km spatial resolution on the earth. The gain and phase errors are weighted by the magnitude of visibility versus antenna separation, and requirements range between approx.0. 5% and 0.3 degrees of amplitude and phase, respectively, for the closest spacings at the center of the array, and about 5% and 3 degrees for the majority of the array. The latter requirement is met by our design without any special testing or stabilizations by reference signals. The former is met using an internal noise diode reference and by measuring the detailed antenna patterns on the antenna range. Biases and other additive errors in the raw visibility samples must be below about 2 mK on average, and this requirement is met by a phase shifting scheme applied to the local oscillator distribution. An outline of the data processing is presented, along with the first images from this system.
Relativizing Function Classes

The operators min· ,m ax· ,a nd #· translate classes of the polynomial-time hierarchy to function classes. Although the inclusion relationships between these func- tion classes have been studied in depth, some questions concerning separations re- mained open. We provide oracle constructions that answer most of these open questions in the rel- ativized case. As a typical instance for the type of results of this paper, we construct a relativized world where min·P � #·NP, thus giving evidence for the hardness of proving min·P ⊆ #·NP in the unrelativized case. The strongest results, proved in the paper, are the constructions of oracles D and E, such that min·coNP D ⊆ #·P D ∧ NP DoNP D and UP E =N P E ∧ min·P E � #·P E.
Editors' Note

Editors' Note: Commenting on “Long-term cortisol measures predict Alzheimer disease risk,” Drs. Lattanzi and Silvestrini point out the interrelationships among cortisol dysregulation, insulin resistance, and blood pressure variability in Alzheimer disease (AD) and suggest that the authors study the association between cortisol exposure and the risk of non-AD dementias. Dr. Onofrj critiques “Mediodorsal nucleus and its multiple cognitive functions” because it omitted discussion of confabulations.
Dynamic Scheduling of Resource Based on Virtual Machine Migration

An improved method is proposed for achieving high utilization of server resources and minimizing power usage for cloud Environment. The cloud allows cloud user to scale up and down their resource usage based on the needs. Due to multiple multiplexing and sharing of resource is to decrease the resource utilization of the system and also increase the power utilization. The virtual machine (VM) migration is used to increase the server resource utilization and minimize number of primary machines (PM) is used; it helps to eliminate the hotspots to improve overall performance and minimize the power utilization. It is very useful to various autonomic environments for handling different types of workload efficiently and effectively. Key-word: Cloud computing, resource management, scheduling techniques, Virtual machine migration.
Landslides of Rio de Janeiro and the Serra das Araras escarpment, Brazil

________________________________________ Introduction _______________________________ Historical background _______. ______________ Present investigations __________________________ Acknowledgments __________. ____________ Landslide types _____________________________ Slump earthflow landslides ______. ___________ Debris slides and avalanches ______________ Debris flows and mudflows _____________________ Rockfalls and rockslides ___________________ Landslide processes __________________________ Landslide and slope stability problems of Rio de Janeiro ________________________________ Topographic setting _______________________ Page 1 2 2 3 6 7 7 7 7 8 10
ANG II-induced hypertension and the role of the area postrema during normal and increased dietary salt.

It has been shown that the area postrema (AP) plays a role in the development of certain types of chronic angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension in the rat but is not of great importance in the salt sensitivity of arterial pressure. It has recently been proposed, however, that elevated sodium levels may exacerbate the hypertensive effects of ANG II, which by itself dramatically affects salt sensitivity, by acting at sodium-sensing neurons in certain circumventricular organs of the brain. Thus the interactions of ANG II, sodium, and the central nervous system remain to be fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the AP in ANG II-induced hypertension during periods of normal and elevated dietary salt. We hypothesized that an intact AP was necessary for the full development of hypertension under chronic ANG II infusion and that its role would be pronounced during periods of increased dietary sodium. To test this, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ablation of the area postrema (APx, n = 6) or sham operation (sham, n = 6). After 3 wk of recovery, rats were instrumented with radiotelemetry transducers for constant blood pressure and heart rate monitoring and venous catheters for vehicle infusion. After a 3-day control period of 0.9% saline infusion (7 ml/day) and 0.4% dietary sodium, a 10-day period of ANG II infusion (10 ng.kg(-1). min(-1)) was begun, immediately followed by a second 10-day period during which rats were fed a 4.0% sodium diet. By day 6 of ANG II infusion, mean arterial pressure (MAP) in APx rats had increased to 139 +/- 4 mmHg, whereas MAP in sham rats had increased to 126 +/- 3 mmHg. This difference was found to be significant and continued through day 1 of the high-salt period, after which MAP of the two groups had risen to similar levels. On day 9 of high salt, MAP was again observed to be significantly higher (162 +/- 1 mmHg) in APx rats when compared with sham rats (147 +/- 4 mmHg.) These results do not support the hypothesis that the AP is necessary for the full development of ANG II-induced hypertension at normal or elevated levels of dietary sodium.
VersaPen: Exploring Multimodal Interactions with a Programmable Modular Pen

We introduce and demonstrate VersaPen, a modular pen for expanding input capabilities. Users can create their own digital pens by stacking different input/output modules that define both the look and feel of the customized device. VersaPen investigate the benefits of adaptable devices and enriches interaction by providing multimodal capabilities, allows in-place interaction, it reduces hand movements and avoids cluttering the interface with menus and palettes. The device integrates seamlessly thanks to a visual programming interface, allowing end users to connect input and output sources in other existing software. We present various applications to demonstrate the power of VersaPen and how it enables new interaction techniques.
Keyword Search on Temporal Graphs

Archiving graph data over history is demanded in many applications, such as social network studies, collaborative projects, scientific graph databases, and bibliographies. Typically people are interested in querying temporal graphs. Existing keyword search approaches for graph-structured data are insufficient for querying temporal graphs. This paper initiates the study of supporting keyword-based queries on temporal graphs. We propose a search syntax that is a moderate extension of keyword search, which allows casual users to easily search temporal graphs with optional predicates and ranking functions related to timestamps. To generate results efficiently, we first propose a best path iterator, which finds the paths between two data nodes in each snapshot that is the “best” with respect to three ranking factors. It prunes invalid or inferior paths and maximizes shared processing among different snapshots. Then, we develop algorithms that efficiently generate top-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq1-2690637.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> query results. Extensive experiments verified the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.
User-based representation of time-resolved multimodal public transportation networks

Multimodal transportation systems, with several coexisting services like bus, tram and metro, can be represented as time-resolved multilayer networks where the different transportation modes connecting the same set of nodes are associated with distinct network layers. Their quantitative description became possible recently due to openly accessible datasets describing the geo-localized transportation dynamics of large urban areas. Advancements call for novel analytics, which combines earlier established methods and exploits the inherent complexity of the data. Here, we provide a novel user-based representation of public transportation systems, which combines representations, accounting for the presence of multiple lines and reducing the effect of spatial embeddedness, while considering the total travel time, its variability across the schedule, and taking into account the number of transfers necessary. After the adjustment of earlier techniques to the novel representation framework, we analyse the public transportation systems of several French municipal areas and identify hidden patterns of privileged connections. Furthermore, we study their efficiency as compared to the commuting flow. The proposed representation could help to enhance resilience of local transportation systems to provide better design policies for future developments.
On the state of OSN-based Sybil defenses

A Sybil attack can inject many forged identities (called Sybils) to subvert a target system. Because of the severe damage that Sybil attacks can cause to a wide range of networking applications, there has been a proliferation of Sybil defense schemes. Of particular attention are those that explore the online social networks (OSNs) of users in a victim system in different ways. Unfortunately, while effective Sybil defense solutions are urgently needed, it is unclear how effective these OSN-based solutions are under different contexts. For example, all current approaches have focused on a common, classical scenario where it is difficult for an attacker to link Sybils with honest users and create attack edges; however, researchers have found recently that a modern scenario also becomes typical where an attacker can employ simple strategies to obtain many attack edges. In this work we analyze the state of OSN-based Sybil defenses. Our objective is not to design yet another solution, but rather to thoroughly analyze, measure, and compare how well or inadequate the well-known existing OSN-based approaches perform under both the classical scenario and the modern scenario. Although these approaches mostly perform well under the classical scenario, we find that under the modern scenario they are vulnerable to Sybil attacks. As shown in our quantitative analysis, very often a Sybil only needs a handful of attack edges to disguise itself as a benign node, and there is only a limited success in tolerating Sybils. Our study further points to capabilities a new solution must possess; in particular, in defense against Sybils under the modern scenario, we anticipate a new approach that enriches the structure of a social graph with more information about the relations between its users can work more effectively.
of the 21 st International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering ( SEKE ’ 2009 : July 1 – 3 , 2009 ; Boston , MA ) Mining Objective Process Metrics from Repository Data

The configuration management repository includes abundant data not only on configuration items, but about the process itself. But meaningful information about the software process is often hidden. This paper presents a method of extracting software process metrics from software repositories. More specifically, the metrics presented use data from the bug or task tracker and from the configuration management event log. The metrics are presented in graphic forms common to traditional and lean project management practices. The metrics presented here are empirical – not subject to bias in reporting or interpretation, and focused on measuring the process itself not the developers and artifacts. They are derived from data that commonly exist in project software repositories, and thus can be collected with little or no cost. The metrics are illustrated with real software development repository data collected from a large industry project over a time span of several years.
Promising Pharmacological Directions in the World of Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a signaling lipid that binds to six known lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs), named LPA1-LPA6. These receptors initiate signaling cascades relevant to development, maintenance, and healing processes throughout the body. The diversity and specificity of LPA signaling, especially in relation to cancer and autoimmune disorders, makes LPA receptor modulation an attractive target for drug development. Several LPAR-specific analogues and small molecules have been synthesized and are efficacious in attenuating pathology in disease models. To date, at least three compounds have passed phase I and phase II clinical trials for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. This review focuses on the promising therapeutic directions emerging in LPA signaling toward ameliorating several diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, arthritis, hydrocephalus, and traumatic injury.
Ensino superior em Portugal: décadas de profundas exigências e transformações

Higher Education in Portugal went through two important transformations that caused significant chan ges in teaching and learning practices. The first change is related to a massification phase. Universities used to receive the youth elite started receiving students with a different academic motivation, knowled ge and expectations, with a clear impact on school failure and drop-out. A more recent change is asso ciated to the implementation of “Bologna Declaration”. The latter led to significant changes in curricula organization, teaching methodologies and study methods and approaches to learning. Although we re cognize the benefits of these changes and the potential positive impact of the corresponding innovation and transformation, they bring up the challenge of preparing students, teachers and the institutions for the demands of Bologna Declaration”.
India-Antarctica-Australia-Laurentia connection in the Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic revisited: Evidence from new zircon U-Pb and monazite chemical age data from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India

We present zircon and monazite U-Pb data from ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphosed orthogneisses and paragneisses collected from key areas of the Eastern Ghats Belt, India. The results show contrasting tectonothermal histories in different isotopic domains of the Eastern Ghats Belt that were identified by previous workers. Of particular importance is the discovery of a ca. 1760 Ma event (concordia age) in the southern domain 1A, which is interpreted to be the age of an early UHT metamorphism event. This was followed by a second granulite-facies metamorphism event and partial melting at ca. 1600 Ma. This domain was presumably cratonized with India at around 1600 Ma. The record of the ca. 1760–1600 Ma events in domain 1A of the Eastern Ghats Belt allows us to speculate on modeling the Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic transcontinental correlation. The accretionary orogenic processes in the supercontinent Columbia encompassed Australia, Antarctica, Laurentia, and parts of India. The central part of Eastern Ghats Belt (isotopic domain 2), on the other hand, contains zircons showing inherited ages of ca. 1880–1700 Ma, with a concordant age group of ca. 1760 Ma. Moderately to strongly discordant ages in the time span of ca. 1600–1100 Ma in domain 2 are interpreted to be mixing ages as a result of strong overprint of a ca. 1030–900 Ma tectonothermal event(s) that affected this domain. An early UHT metamorphism event in this domain is inferred to have occurred at ca. 1030–990 Ma (chemical dating of included monazite grains). Zircon records the most pervasive tectonothermal event in this domain at ca. 980–900 Ma, which is correlative with the Rayner orogeny in East Antarctica as a part of the formation of Rodinia.
Validity of Late-Term Electroneurography in Bell’s Palsy

Objective To evaluate the validity of early (within 3 wk) and late-term (after 3 wk) electroneurography (ENoG) findings in Bell’s palsy (BP) to predict the prognosis. Study Design Retrospective case review. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Patients with peripheral facial paralysis with no identified cause. All patients were given the same treatment. Intervention(s) House Brackmann (HB) grading and ENoG. Main Outcome Measures The records of 38 patients with BP were retrospectively analyzed. This study included only those patients who had been followed up for at least 4 months on a regular basis or until complete recovery. ENoG was performed for orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris muscles and degeneration ratio was calculated separately. Correlation between HB grading and ENoG findings, relationship between duration for maximum recovery and ENoG findings, and also initial HB grading and recovery rate were investigated. Results Complete recovery rate was significantly higher in patients with HB grades I to III at initial examination. A significant correlation was found between HB grading and degree of ENoG degeneration at the 7th and 14th days of FP. Patients with degeneration less than 80% for orbicularis oculi and less than 65% for orbicularis oris had significantly better and faster recovery than those with higher level of degeneration (p < 0.05). Conclusion ENoG and HB grading during first to fourth weeks of BP are useful prognostic indicators. Serial ENoG examinations are recommended to predict the status of neural degeneration and the prognosis of the palsy. However, ENoG in late term may not be compatible with clinical facial function.
Seismic anisotropy in a hydrocarbon field estimated from microseismic data

The study of seismic anisotropy in exploration seismology is gaining interest as it provides valuable information about reservoir properties and stress directions. In this study we estimate anisotropy in a petroleum field in Oman using observations of shear‐wave splitting from microseismic data. The data set was recorded by arrays of borehole geophones deployed in five wells. We analyse nearly 3400 microearthquakes, yielding around 8500 shear‐wave splitting measurements. Stringent quality control reduces the number of reliable measurements to 325. Shear‐wave splitting modelling in a range of rock models is then used to guide the interpretation.
Dental Management for a Child with Hemophilia A : A Case Report

This case describes the management of a 12 year-old boy with mild hemophilia A, who was referred to Department of Pediatric Dentistry for orthodontic extractions. This case was treated under Desmopressin and tranexamic acid cover with caution related to local anesthesia administration technique which highlighted the importance of close and detailed liaison with the hematology team to formulate a comprehensive treatment plan.
Estimating the Effects of Anthropogenic Modification on Water Balance in the Aral Sea Watershed Using GRACE: 2003–12

The decrease in size the Aral Sea in central Asia, seen as both lower water levels and reduction in areal extent, has been one of the greatest examples of anthropogenic modification of a natural system in recent history. Many studies have monitored the extent and rate of this water loss and provided estimates on the expected life span of the remaining water. However, with little data for groundwater monitoring in the post-Soviet era, it is unclear what the water balance currently is in the remainder of the watershed. Redistribution of water upstream in the watershed including damming to create reservoirs and groundwater recharge from irrigation has not only deprived the sea of water but also increased evapotranspiration and altered local climate patterns. Using Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) data, rainfall trends for the Aral Sea watershed were analyzed over 10- and 30-yr periods and only minimal changes in rainfall were detected. Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity data from 2003 to 2012, trends in equivalent water mass were determined for the entire watershed. Estimates show up to 14 km3 of equivalent water mass has been lost from the watershed annually from 2002 to 2013. The mass loss throughout the basin is most likely attributable to increased evapotranspiration due to the inefficient irrigation systems and other human modification increasing the need for international cooperation and conservation programs to minimize negative impacts throughout the region.
Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcus Invasive Infection in HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Infants: A Review of the Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and mortality worldwide. Studies from both developed and developing countries have shown that HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants are at increased risk of infectious morbidity, as compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected infants (HUU). A higher susceptibility to GBS infections has been reported in HEU infants, particularly late-onset diseases and more severe manifestations of GBS diseases. We review here the possible explanations for increased susceptibility to GBS infection. Maternal GBS colonization during pregnancy is a major risk factor for early-onset GBS invasive disease, but colonization rates are not higher in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected pregnant women, while selective colonization with more virulent strains in HIV-infected women is suggested in some studies. Lower serotype-specific GBS maternal antibody transfer and quantitative and qualitative defects of innate immune responses in HEU infants may play a role in the increased risk of GBS invasive disease. The impact of maternal antiretroviral treatment and its consequences on immune activation in HEU newborns are important to study. Maternal immunization presents a promising intervention to reduce GBS burden in the growing HEU population.
Ecological benefits of the marine stewardship council ecolabel: A global analysis

Recent reports suggest that many of the world's commercial fisheries are overfished, and therefore require rebuilding. Ecolabels have been introduced as a potential method to mitigate this chronic misuse of natural resources. These labels are intended to indicate to consumers that a product is sustainable. Assuming consumers value the ecolabel, their business provides a market benefit to fishermen in exchange for the sustainable exploitation of fish stocks. Though some fisheries ecolabels have been in operation for over a decade, little research has been done to examine their measurable benefits, economic or ecological. Here, we analyze the ecological effects of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) ecolabel on six exploited fish taxa, represented by 41 separate stocks. Within each taxon, we use a case-control design to compare trends in stock status (standardized spawning stock biomass and fishing mortality rates) between similar certified and uncertified fish stocks in the 8-10 year period surrounding certification. Certified stocks of only one taxon showed significantly greater improvements in stock status than uncertified stocks. In the other taxa, there was no detectable difference, or the certified stocks showed significantly more negative trends in status than the uncertified stocks. In a combined metaanalysis, certified stocks were found to be decreasing in stock status, while uncertified stocks increased, indicating that MSC ecolabels may not be actively improving the stock status of their fisheries.