Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of isoprene-derived organosulfates to free tropospheric aerosol mass

Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that isoprene oxidation products can partition to atmospheric aerosols by reacting with condensed phase sulfuric acid, forming low-volatility organosulfate compounds. We have identified organosulfate compounds in free tropospheric aerosols by single particle mass spectrometry during several airborne field campaigns. One of these organosulfates is identified as the sulfate ester of IEPOX, a second generation oxidation product of isoprene. The patterns of IEPOX sulfate ester in ambient data generally followed the aerosol acidity and NOx dependence established by laboratory studies. Detection of the IEPOX sulfate ester was most sensitive using reduced ionization laser power, when it was observed in up to 80% of particles in the tropical free troposphere. Based on laboratory mass calibrations, IEPOX added > 0.4% to tropospheric aerosol mass in the remote tropics and up to 20% in regions downwind of isoprene sources. In the southeastern United States, when acidic aerosol was exposed to fresh isoprene emissions, accumulation of IEPOX increased aerosol mass by up to 3%. The IEPOX sulfate ester is therefore one of the most abundant single organic compounds measured in atmospheric aerosol. Our data show that acidity-dependent IEPOX uptake is a mechanism by which anthropogenic SO2 and marine dimethyl sulfide emissions generate secondary biogenic aerosol mass throughout the troposphere.
Impact of Health Literacy on Medication Adherence

Objective: To systematically review the literature and estimate the effect size of the relationship between health literacy and medication adherence through meta-analysis. Data Sources: Databases searched included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982-2013), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA; 1970-2013), MEDLINE OVID (1966-2013), PubMed (1966-2013), PsycInfo (1966-2013), and Web of Science (1966-2013). Study Selection and Data Extraction: Inclusion criteria were as follows: English language; published through May 1, 2013; medication adherence as the outcome variable; use of validated measures of health literacy and medication adherence; availability of a direct (not mediating) relationship between health literacy and medication adherence; and identifiable effect size and statistical significance of the relationship. Exclusion criteria were as follows: duplicated results, irrelevant results, conference abstracts, proceeding papers, books, dissertations, reviews, editorial letters, continuing education units, or book reviews. Data included author, publication year, disease area, sample size, sampling method, location, study design, effect size of the relationship between health literacy and medication adherence, and measures of health literacy and medication adherence. Data Synthesis: There is a small statistically significant and positive association between health literacy and medication adherence. In the conservative results, the unweighted and weighted correlation coefficients were 0.081 and 0.056 with P values <0.001. In the less conservative results, the unweighted and weighted correlation coefficients were 0.088 and 0.072. Conclusions: The relationship between health literacy and medication adherence is statistically significant but weak. It is plausible that health literacy has a mediator relationship with other adherence determinants. Future research should explore such relationships.
Temporal expression of myogenic regulatory genes during activation, proliferation, and differentiation of rat skeletal muscle satellite cells

The satellite cell is responsible for growth and repair of postnatal skeletal muscle. We investigated the expression of the myogenic regulatory gene (MRG) family in these cells in the stages from quiescence to fusion. Using polymerase chain reaction amplification of reverse‐transcribed RNA (RT‐PCR) isolated from adult rat satellite cells, we demonstrated a temporal sequence of gene activation, which is distinct from that previously observed in embryonic somitic cells. No MRG expression was detected in predominantly quiescent cells. MyoD is activated by 12 h in cell culture, prior to the first evidence of proliferation. MRF4 and myf‐5 appear by 48 h and may be associated with the first division cycle. Myogenin is not detectable until 72 h after satellite cell recovery from the muscle fiber, coincidental with the first evidence of differentiation. © 1994 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urban Education: Urban Education: Moving Past the Myth of Structure

Although some educators commonly assume that the way to improve the writing of urban students is to provide “more structure,” Nancy G. Patterson and Renee Speed argue that this approach can instead be detrimental. In too many cases, structure characterizes control and colonization rather than the freedom for teachers to structure their curricula around self-selected relevant and challenging materials that “maximize student potential. ”
Culture, self, and, motivation : essays in honor of Martin L. Maehr

Introduction: Culture, Self, and Motivation. The Contribution of Martin L. Maehr to the Fields of Achievement Motivation and Educational Psychology, Avi Kaplan, Stuart A. Karabenick, and Elisabeth De Groot. Martin L. Maehr: Brief Bio. PART I: MOTIVATION AND SELF. Continuing Motivation Revisited, Eric M. Anderman and Jennifer A. Weber. Applying Personal Investment Theory to Better Understand Student Development, Larry A. Braskamp. Motivation in Sport and Physical Activity: An Achievement Goal Interpretation, Glyn C. Roberts, Frank Abrahamsen, and P. Nicolas Lemyre. Meaning-Making and Motivation: A Dynamic Model, Avi Kaplan, Hanoch Flum, and Keren Kemelman. Achievement Goals in the Context of the Hierarchical Model of Approach-Avoidance Achievement Motivation, Ron Friedman, Arlen C. Moller, James W. Fryer, Ista Zahn, Wilbert Law, Ryan D. Acuff, Daniela Niesta, Kou Murayama, Angelika M. Meier, Beate Jelstad, and Andrew J. Elliot. Marty Maehr's Contributions to Research in Pasteur's Quadrant: The Mathematics and Science Partnership - Motivation Assessment Program, Stuart A. Karabenick, Bridget V. Dever, Juliane Blazevski, AnneMarie M. Conley, Jeanne M. Friedel, Melissa C. Gilbert, and Lauren E. Musu. PART II: CULTURE AND MOTIVATION. School Culture Matters for Teachers' and Students' Achievement Goals, Lennia Matos, Willy Lens, and Maarten Vansteenkiste. A Model of Culture and Achievement Behavior, Farideh Salili. Achievement Motivation in Cross-Cultural Context: Application of Personal Investment Theory in Educational Settings, Dennis M. McInerney and Gregory Arief D. Liem. The Cultural Situatedness of Motivation, Julianne C. Turner and Helen Patrick. The Contributions of Martin L. Maehr to the Study of Cultural Influences on Achievement Motivation, Tim Urdan. Vita: Martin L. Maehr. Author Index. Subject Index.
Instantaneous forwarding strategies for relay channels with known interference

We consider a Gaussian relay channel, with the source and relay operating in different frequency bands. Hence, the received signals at the destination are orthogonal. We also assume that the source reuses the frequency band in which the relay is operating, to communicate with another destination. This results in a scenario that can be modeled in such a way that the relay-destination link suffers from an additive interference which is non-causally known at the source. We present different achievable rates for this model, focusing on instantaneous relaying, i.e., the relay output depends solely on the current received signal at the relay. The main conclusion of our work is that to achieve high rates, one should resort to joint design of precoding with non-linear relaying.
PopA1, a protein which induces a hypersensitivity‐like response on specific Petunia genotypes, is secreted via the Hrp pathway of Pseudomonas solanacearum.

This paper describes the identification of a new class of extracellular bacterial proteins, typified by PopA1 and its derivative PopA3, which act as specific hypersensitive response (HR) elicitors. These two heat‐stable proteins, with HR‐like elicitor activities on tobacco (non‐host plant) but without activity on tomato (host plant), have been characterized from the supernatant of the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum strain GMI1000. These two proteins induced the same pattern of response on Petunia, as a function of the genotypes tested. popA, the structural gene for PopA1, maps outside of the hrp gene cluster but belongs to the hrp regulon. The amino acid sequence of PopA1 does not show homology to any characterized proteins. Its secretion is dependent on hrp genes and is followed by stepwise removal of the 93 amino‐terminal amino acids, producing the protein PopA3. Petunia lines responsive to PopA3 and its precursors were resistant to infection by strain GMI1000, whereas non‐responsive lines were sensitive, suggesting that popA could be an avirulence gene. A popA mutant remained fully pathogenic on sensitive plants, indicating that this gene is not essential for pathogenicity. While lacking PopA1, this mutant, which remained avirulent on tobacco and on resistant Petunia lines, still produced additional extracellular necrogenic compounds. On the basis of both their structural features and the biological properties of the popA mutant, PopA1 and PopA3 clearly differ from hairpins characterized in other plant pathogenic bacteria.
Augmented expression of a myeloid-specific protein tyrosine kinase gene (hck) after macrophage activation

Protein tyrosine kinases are thought to participate in signal transduction pathways in a variety of cell types. Recent studies have identified a new src family protein tyrosine kinase (hck) that is preferentially expressed in myeloid cells. To examine the hypothesis that this kinase may regulate myeloid cell activity, antisera were generated that define the 59-kD product of the hck gene. Functional activation of human cultured macrophages with LPS augmented the expression of hck transcripts and of p59hck, but decreased the level of transcripts encoded by the closely related c-fgr protooncogene. Thus these two structurally similar src family kinases almost certainly subserve distinct functions. Reasoning from the known properties of the src family protein tyrosine kinases, it is likely that the products of these two protooncogenes assist in regulating the behavior of activated phagocytes.
Confidentiality-preserving rank-ordered search

This paper introduces a new framework for confidentiality preserving rank-ordered search and retrieval over large document collections. The proposed framework not only protects document/query confidentiality against an outside intruder, but also prevents an untrusted data center from learning information about the query and the document collection. We present practical techniques for proper integration of relevance scoring methods and cryptographic techniques, such as order preserving encryption, to protect data collections and indices and provide efficient and accurate search capabilities to securely rank-order documents in response to a query. Experimental results on the W3C collection show that these techniques have comparable performance to conventional search systems designed for non-encrypted data in terms of search accuracy. The proposed methods thus form the first steps to bring together advanced information retrieval and secure search capabilities for a wide range of applications including managing data in government and business operations, enabling scholarly study of sensitive data, and facilitating the document discovery process in litigation.
An extended-shadow-code based approach for off-line signature verification. II. Evaluation of several multi-classifier combination strategies

For pt.I see Proc. 12th ICPR, p.450-3. In a real situation, the choice of the best representation R(/spl gamma/) for the implementation of a signature verification system able to cope with all types of handwriting is a very difficult task. This study is original in that the design of the integrated classifiers E(x) is based on a large number of individual classifiers e/sub k/(x) (or signature representations R(/spl gamma/)) in an attempt to overcome in some way the need for feature selection. In this paper, the authors present a first systematical evaluation of a multi-classifier-based approach for off-line signature verification. Two types of integrated classifiers based on kNN or minimum distance classifiers and 15 types of representation related to the ESC used as a shape factor have been evaluated using a signature database of 800 images (20 writers/spl times/40 signatures per writer) in the context of random forgeries.
A randomized controlled trial of extended intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in infants.

BACKGROUND Intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in infants (IPTi) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reduces falciparum malaria and anemia but has not been evaluated in areas with intense perennial malaria transmission. It is unknown whether an additional treatment in the second year of life prolongs protection. METHODS A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine therapy at 3, 9, and 15 months of age was conducted with 1070 children in an area in Ghana where malaria is holoendemic. Participants were monitored for 21 months after recruitment through active follow-up visits and passive case detection. The primary end point was malaria incidence, and additional outcome measures were anemia, outpatient visits, hospital admissions, and mortality. Stratified analyses for 6-month periods after each treatment were performed. RESULTS Protective efficacy against malaria episodes was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11%-29%). The frequency of malaria episodes was reduced after the first 2 sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine applications (protective efficacy, 23% [95% CI, 6%-36%] after the first dose and 17% [95% CI, 1%-30%] after the second dose). After the third treatment at month 15, however, no protection was achieved. Protection against the first or single anemia episode was only significant after the first IPTi dose (protective efficacy, 30%; 95% CI, 5%-49%). The number of anemia episodes increased after the last IPTi dose (protective efficacy, -24%; 95% CI, -50% to -2%). CONCLUSION In an area of intense perennial malaria transmission, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-based IPTi conferred considerably lower protection than reported in areas where the disease is moderately or seasonally endemic. Protective efficacy is age-dependent, and extension of IPTi into the second year of life does not provide any benefit.
30-nm InAs PHEMTs With fT = 644 GHz and fmax = 681 GHz

We present 30-nm InAs pseudomorphic HEMTs (PHEMTs) on an InP substrate with record fT characteristics and well-balanced fT and fmax values. This result was obtained by improving short-channel effects through widening of the siderecess spacing (Lside) to 150 nm, as well as reducing parasitic source and drain resistances. To compensate for an increase in Rs and Rd due to Lside widening, we optimized the ohmic contact process so as to decrease the specific ohmic contact resistance (Rc) to the InGaAs cap to 0.01 Ω · mm. A 30-nm InAs PHEMT with tins = 4 nm exhibits excellent gm,max of 1.9 S/mm, fT of 644 GHz, and fmax of 681 GHz at VDS = 0.5 V simultaneously. To the knowledge of the authors, the obtained fT in this work is the highest ever reported in any FET on any material system. This is also the first demonstration of simultaneous fT and fmax higher than 640 GHz in any transistor technology.
Key management scheme using secret sharing for multi-device based DRM

In this paper, we propose a key management scheme in DRM which supports multi devices by using a secret sharing. The proposed scheme enables playing contents on registered devices only, and additional overheads are not occurring even if the number of registered devices are increased. We measured the overheads occurred by the proposed scheme through a prototype implementation, and showed that the scheme is applicable to consumer devices.
A Magnetic-Geared Outer-Rotor Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machine for Wind Power Generation

This paper presents a novel permanent-magnet (PM) brushless machine for wind power generation. In this machine, an outer-rotor topology is engaged aiming at capturing wind power directly. In order to match the wind speed as well as produce electricity in a normal frequency, a conventional outer- rotor generator usually has a bulky size with a very large pole number. The purpose of this paper is to artfully integrate a high-speed PM brushless generator with a coaxial magnetic gear to achieve high power density. By using finite element method (FEM), the static characteristics are analyzed. Computer simulation for no-load and full-load operation is also conducted based on time-stepping FEM. The results are given to verify the validity of the proposed machine.
Instrument measurement of lingual force variability reflects tardive tongue dyskinesia

Tardive tongue dyskinesia is often under-diagnosed or misdiagnosed. Instrument measurement of lingual force variability may be a valid and reliable method for assessing tardive tongue dyskinesia. Instrument measurement of lingual force variability was compared to the clinical level of tardive tongue dyskinesia and total body dyskinesia as measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) in 35 subjects: 23 patients with a psychiatric disorder using antipsychotics, of which 11 were with and 12 were without tardive tongue dyskinesia, and 12 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Lingual force variability correlated with tardive tongue dyskinesia (Spearman r = 0.56; p < 0.01) and with total dyskinesia (r = 0.47; p = 0.02); there was no association with age, antipsychotic dose, or psychiatric diagnosis. Instrument test-retest reliability corresponded with an ICC of 0.85 p < 0.0001. Instrument measurement of lingual force variability is a valid and reliable method for assessing tardive tongue dyskinesia.
The monosialoganglioside, GM1, reduces neurologic injury associated with hypothermic circulatory arrest.

BACKGROUND Neurologic injury associated with prolonged hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) may be mediated by calcium-dependent glutamate excitotoxicity (GE). The monosialoganglioside GM1 has been shown in vitro to limit GE in conditions of metabolic stress. To test the hypothesis that gangliosides can prevent HCA-induced brain injury, GM1 was used in a canine model of HCA. METHODS Twelve male dogs were placed on closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass, subjected to 2 hours of HCA at 18 degrees C, and rewarmed to 36 degrees to 37 degrees C on closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass. All were mechanically ventilated and monitored for 20 hours before extubation and survived for 3 days. Group 1 dogs (n = 6) were pretreated with GM1, 30 mg/kg/24hr for 3 days before HCA, and received continuous infusion of GM1 during the procedure and 30 mg/kg/24hr for 3 days after HCA. Group 2 dogs (n = 6) received vehicle only. With a species-specific behavior scale that yielded a neurodeficit score ranging from 0% (normal) to 100% (brain dead), all animals were neurologically assessed every 12 hours. After death at 72 hours, brains were examined by glutamate receptor autoradiography and by histologic examination for patterns of selective neuronal necrosis and were scored blindly from 0 (normal) to 100 (severe injury). RESULTS Group 1 dogs had better neurologic function compared with group 2 (neurodeficit score, 4.2% +/- 3% vs 38.4% +/- 8%; p < 0.001) and had less neuronal injury (11.3 +/- 3 vs 48.3 +/- 9, p < 0.001). Densitometric receptor autoradiography revealed preservation of neuronal glutamate receptor expression in group 1 only. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence of a role for GE in the development of HCA-induced brain injury and suggest that monosialogangliosides may have a neuroprotective capacity in prolonged periods of HCA.
Five-Level Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM Strategies and Multicarrier Phase-Shifted Sinusoidal PWM: A Comparison

The multicarrier phase-shifted sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (MPS-SPWM) technique is well-known for its important advantage of offering an increased overall bandwidth as the number of carriers multiplied with their equal frequency directly controls the location of the dominant harmonics. In this paper, a five-level (line-to-neutral) multilevel selective harmonic elimination PWM (MSHE-PWM) strategy based on an equal number of switching transitions when compared against the previously mentioned technique is proposed. It is assumed that the four triangular carriers of the MPS-SPWM method have nine per unit frequency resulting in seventeen switching transitions for every quarter period. Requesting the same number of transitions from the MSHE-PWM allows the control of sixteen non-triplen harmonics. It is confirmed that the proposed MSHE-PWM offers significantly higher converter bandwidth along with higher modulation operating range. Selected results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique
A Biopsychosocial Examination of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients

This study evaluated twenty-nine symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-infected homosexual/bisexual men between eighteen and forty-five in the areas of psychiatric/psychosocial, neuropsychological, family, and immunological functioning. The subjects were referred by physicians, nurses, and mental health professionals from the Tulane/Louisiana State University AIDS Clinical Trials Unit and the C-100 outpatient Primary Care Clinic for HIV-infected patients served within the Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans. All subjects and their significant others were evaluated between November 1987 and October 1988 at the C-100 Clinic. The outcome measures were mood disturbance, psychological distress, and CD4 cell count. The most significant other family member, as selected by each subject, completed family measures. The subjects experienced psychological distress and neuropsychological problems. Active-behavioral coping appeared adaptive (related to enhanced mood) as did perceived social support (related to positive mood and lower psychological distress). Higher levels of neuropsychological functioning (verbal memory, visual memory, motor speed, and visual-motor sequencing) were associated with enhanced psychosocial functioning and/or immunological status. The findings from this study highlight the importance of conducting longitudinal studies using a multidimensional approach in which HIV-infected persons and their most significant other family members are evaluated within a biopsychosocial model.
A new SISO equalizer for the multipath channel of downlink DS-WCDMA

This paper deals with the design of an optimum soft-input soft-output (SISO) a-posteriori receiver front-end for the downlink of direct-sequence W-CDMA cellular systems. The proposed structure yields the minimum bit error probability when used alone with hard decision at its output, and it evaluates the optimal metric (in the presence of the intersymbol interference (ISI) due to multipath propagation) to be provided to the turbo decoder. Performance of the new SISO equalizer are shown for both uncoded and coded systems in the standard framework of UMTS system.