Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yeast myosin light chain , Mlc 1 p , interacts with both IQGAP and Class II myosin to effect cytokinesis

Cytokinesis, the partitioning of the cytosol, is the final step in the mitotic cell cycle. In animal cells cytokinesis is effected via the formation of an actomyosin contractile ring leading to the formation of the cleavage furrow. The positioning of this ring and timing of contraction are precisely regulated and coordinated with nuclear and/or mitotic spindle position and mitosis (Glotzer, 1997). However, details of the regulation of cytokinesis remain to be thoroughly elucidated. Recent evidence has established that budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also utilizes an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis (Lippincott and Li, 1998a; Bi et al., 1998). These studies have created the possibility of using a genetic approach to understand both the formation and function of the contractile ring. In order to address these issues it is first necessary to identify all structural and regulatory components of the contractile ring. Recently several novel proteins have been implicated in the regulation of cytokinesis in budding yeast, e.g. Akr1p and Hof1p/Cyk2p (Kao et al., 1996; Kamei et al., 1998; Lippincott and Li, 1998b). A third protein Iqg1p/Cyk1p (hereafter termed Iqg1p) was identified by homology with mammalian IQGAP proteins. Null mutations were shown to lead to a failure in cytokinesis, although this phenotype is strain dependent (Epp and Chant, 1997; Lippincott and Li, 1998a; Osman and Cerione, 1998). IQGAP proteins appear to be composites of a number of functional domains originally characterised in other polypeptides and these include a calponin homology domain (CH), a RasGAP homology domain (GRD) and a so called IQ domain. Consistent with the identification of these domains Iqg1p has been shown to interact with a variety of different cytoskeletal associated proteins which include actin, Cdc42p, Tem1p and Cmd1p (Epp and Chant, 1997; Osman and Cerione, 1998; Shannon and Li, 1999). There remain differences in the literature with respect to Cdc42p binding, an interaction originally suggested by two hybrid analysis but one which has not been supported by in vitro binding studies (Osman and Cerione, 1998; Shannon and Li, 1999). IQ domains were originally defined as myosin light chain binding sites and are situated between the head and tail d mains of all myosin heavy chain molecules (Cheney and Mooseker, 1992; Xie et al., 1994). Myosin light chains are members of the EF-hand super family of Ca 2+ binding proteins, one member of which is calmodulin. Calmodulin has been shown to act as a light chain partner for both vertebrate and yeast myosin V (Espindola et al., 1992; Brockerhoff et al., 1994). Myo2p, a budding yeast myosin V, localises to sites of polar growth during the cell division cycle and is thought to play a role in vesicle movement (Lillie and Brown, 1994; Johnston et al., 1991; Govindan et al., 1995). Myosin light chain binding to the heavy chain plays both structural and 4533 Journal of Cell Science 113, 4533-4543 (2000) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 JCS1878
National Institutions and African Development: Evidence from Partitioned Ethnicities

We investigate the role of national institutions on regional development in a novel framework. We exploit the fact that the arbitrary political boundaries in the eve of African independence partitioned more than two hundred ethnic groups across different countries subjecting similar cultures, residing in homogeneous geographic areas, to different formal institutions. Using both a matching-type and a regression discontinuity approach we show that differences in countrywide institutional structures across the national border do not explain within-ethnicity differences in economic performance, as captured by satellite light density at night. Despite some evidence of heterogeneity, for the overwhelming majority of groups the relationship is economically and statistically insignificant. While our results do not necessarily generalize to areas far from the national borders, close to the capital cities or to other parts of the world, they suggest that the cross-country positive correlation between formal national institutions and economic development has to be carefully interpreted.
Cancer: A Computational Disease that AI Can Cure

Cancer kills millions of people each year. From an AI perspective, finding effective treatments for cancer is a high-dimensional search problem characterized by many molecularly distinct cancer subtypes, many potential targets and drug combinations, and a dearth of high quality data to connect molecular subtypes and treatments to responses. The broadening availability of molecular diagnostics and electronic medical records, presents both opportunities and challenges to apply AI techniques to personalize and improve cancer treatment. We discuss these in the context of Cancer Commons, a “rapid learning” community where patients, physicians, and researchers collect and analyze the molecular and clinical data from every cancer patient, and use these results to individualize therapies. Research opportunities include: adaptively-planning and executing individual treatment experiments across the whole patient population, inferring the causal mechanisms of tumors, predicting drug response in individuals, and generalizing these findings to new cases. The goal is to treat each patient in accord with the best available knowledge, and to continually update that knowledge to benefit subsequent patients. Achieving this goal is a worthy grand challenge for AI.
Local Recovery of Sub-Crustal Stress Due to Mantle Convection from Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking Data

Two integral transformations between the stress function, differentiation of which gives the meridian and prime vertical components of the sub-crustal stress due to mantle convection, and the satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) data are presented in this article. In the first one, the SST data are the disturbing potential differences between twin-satellites and in the second one the line-of-sight (LOS) gravity disturbances. It is shown that the corresponding integral kernels are well-behaving and therefore suitable for inversion and recovery of the stress function from the SST data. Recovery of the stress function and the stress components is also tested in numerical experiments using simulated SST data. Numerical studies over the Himalayas show that inverting the disturbing potential differences leads to a smoother stress function than from inverting LOS gravity disturbances. Application of the presented integral formulae allows for recovery of the stress from the satellite mission GRACE and its planned successor.
Institutional Determinants of New Firm Entry in Russia: A Cross-Regional Analysis

Abstract We investigate how the regional institutional environment—in particular, the political environment—affects Russian new firm entry across regions, industries, firm size classes, and time. We find that entry rates in Russia are explained by natural entry rates and the institutional environment. Industries that are characterized by low entry barriers in developed market economies are found to have lower entry rates in regions subject to greater political fluidity, as in the case of gubernatorial change. We also find that higher levels of political fluidity and democracy increase relative entry rates for small-sized firms but reduce them for medium-sized or large ones.
POLITICAL BRANDING JOKOWI SELAMA MASA KAMPANYE PEMILU GUBERNUR DKI JAKARTA 2012 DI MEDIA SOSIAL TWITTER

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana political branding yang dilakukan Jokowi selama masa kampanye pemilu Gubernur DKI Jakarta 2012 di media sosial Twitter. Fokus penelitian ini adalah penyusunan dan pemaknaan pesan/teks di media sosial Twitter Jokowi yang membentuk political branding Jokowi sebagai hasil dari proses komunikasi di ranah politik Indonesia kontemporer. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis isi kualitatif Hsieh & Shannon dengan pendekatan directed content analysis melalui prosedur induksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah political branding Jokowi sebagai politisi yang terbuka, dekat dengan masyarakat, kredibel, dan merakyat (egaliter) yang dibentuk melalui personalitas, penampilan dan pesan-pesan politis di Twitter Jokowi.
Near-field motions from a propagating strike-slip fault in an elastic half-space

Near-field displacement, velocity and acceleration ground motion are computed for a buried finite strike-slip fault using generalized multipolar ray theory to study the effects of rupture velocity, rise time of particle displacement, direction of rupture relative to observing station and the presence of the free surface. Computed displacement seismograms demonstrate that the rise time and rupture velocity can be traded off to produce similar wave shapes emphasizing the difficulty of separating the effects of rise time and rupture velocity. On the other hand, synthetic accelerograms exhibit much character as the rise time becomes a small part of the rupture duration, and individual contributions to the acceleration signals such as the P- and S-wave stopping phase can be seen. Near-field synthetic accelerograms hold promise for the study of fault rupture parameters. For the strike-slip model studied, allowance for the presence of a free surface by doubling of the amplitude of infinite space signals seems to be approximately correct even in the case of computed vertical component accelerograms. However, this result is not generally true for the residual static displacements. The known result of the appearance of Rayleigh waves at horizontal distances greater than five times the source depth is confirmed for dislocation sources.
Influencia de la implementación del sistema de información sobre el rendimiento en pequeñas y medianas empresas: un estudio empírico en Colombia

The study of information systems is a relevant aspect in literature of the company’s competitive factors. On the theoretical base of the literature, this work develops an implementation model of the information systems of small and mid-sized enterprises in Colombia. The model proposed seeks to analyze the impact exerted by the factors of implementing information systems on the dimensions of quality and the individual and organizational performance, determined by the performance of users of information systems. To develop this objective, an empirical study was carried out with information from 107 Colombian SMEs. The statistical contrast of the hypotheses proposed was carried out via multivariate linear regressions through ordinary least squares. The results obtained permit inferring that organizations that offer greater support in the implementation of the information system improve the quality of the system and the quality of the information service; additionally, in terms of costs and operational efficiency, favor the company’s organizational performance. This work contributes to the literature on the measurement of the information system within the context of SMEs, permitting to identify processes of change in the way of measuring their effectiveness and their incidence in the performance variables
Investigating links between climate and orography in the central Andes: Coupling erosion and precipitation using a physical‐statistical model

Prior studies evaluated the interplay between climate and orography by investigating the sensitivity of relief to precipitation using the stream power erosion law (SPEL) for specified erosion rates. Here we address the inverse problem, inferring realistic spatial distributions of erosion rates for present‐day topography and contemporaneous climate forcing. In the central Andes, similarities in the altitudinal distribution and density of first‐order stream outlets and precipitation suggest a direct link between climate and fluvial erosion. Erosion rates are estimated with a Bayesian physical‐statistical model based on the SPEL applied at spatial scales that capture joint hydrogeomorphic and hydrometeorological patterns within five river basins and one intermontane basin in Peru and Bolivia. Topographic slope and area data were generated from a high‐resolution (∼90 m) digital elevation map, and mean annual precipitation was derived from 14 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42v.7 product and adjusted with rain gauge data. Estimated decadal‐scale erosion rates vary between 0.68 and 11.59 mm/yr, with basin averages of 2.1–8.5 mm/yr. Even accounting for uncertainty in precipitation and simplifying assumptions, these values are 1–2 orders of magnitude larger than most millennial and million year timescale estimates in the central Andes, using various geological dating techniques (e.g., thermochronology and cosmogenic nuclides), but they are consistent with other decadal‐scale estimates using landslide mapping and sediment flux observations. The results also reveal a pattern of spatially dependent erosion consistent with basin hypsometry. The modeling framework provides a means of remotely estimating erosion rates and associated uncertainties under current climate conditions over large regions. © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Housing and Stewardship in Peri-urban Settlements in Zimbabwe: A case study of Ruwa and Epworth

This thesis examines the housing-stewardship nexus in peri-urban areas based on the case of Ruwa and Epworth, satellite settlements of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. The study seeks to establish the factors that shape peri-urban environments into better managed and sustainable areas of which housing development is perceived as the major activity taking place in this zone. Using the Stewardship Theory or Partnership Model as the main framework and point of departure, five basic approaches namely biblical-religious, business, environmental, vernacular, place-based community/grassroots approaches to the study are noted. The â€˜mixed-methodsâ€™ approach is used to analyse sustainability issues forming the crux of stewardship. Predominantly, the qualitative-interpretative paradigm informs the study of which the case and narrative study (case narratology) are the core research design approaches. Specific data collection tools have included extensive documentary analysis (newspaper articles, minutes, policy and legislative documents); household survey (involving 291 randomly selected households, 137 from Ruwa and 154 from Epworth, in which a semi-structured questionnaire has been used). observations (aided with photography) on operations and housing and environmental arterfacts were also carried out coupled with key informant interviews with purposefully selected officials (from Ruwa Town Council, Epworth Local Board, the Ministry of National Housing and Social Amenities, Environmental Management Agency and the Department of Physical Planning). Quantitative data has been analysed using SPSS Version 18. On the other hand, qualitative data analysis used content, discourse, statement and textual analysis. From the study, criteria for classifying actors are central in achieving meaningful stewardship of place and creation of sustainable peri-urban environments. Often there are conflicts among the actors given their contrasting priorities and interests. History of the place, income levels among the peri-urban dwellers, lack of defined and clear-cut policies and commitment by institutions towards the creation of sustainable settlements are the factors perpetuating these conflicts. The study recommends application and use of technologies for remote sensing (Geographic Information Systems included) to help in the monitoring of peri-urban areas development, achieving evidence-based policy which is an effective tool for stewardship, co-creating an institution whose focus is urban regional development and using scenario and collaborative planning methodologies to avoid chaotic peri-urbanisation.
Detecting land cover change in Hambantota district, Sri Lanka, using remote sensing & GIS : a minor field study

The location for this study has been Hambantota district in Sri Lanka. The main aim in the study was to develop a methodology to detect land cover changes in the study area with focus on agricultural areas. Questions asked were if there was any agricultural areas abandoned or if a crop diversification process had taken place. A second aims was to investigate possible changes to the land cover as an affect of the Tsunami in December 2004. The tools to help answer these questions were GIS and remote sensing with satellite data from the Landsat program. The method approach chosen was a combination of different techniques put into a knowledge based classification algorithm, together with information from interviews and field data collected during the field visit in Sri Lanka. The combination of these different methods and data sources served as a good instrument locating land cover changes. The results showed that an increase in rural housing areas had taken place between the late eighties early nineties. There had also been a small increase in agricultural lands in the region. In many areas the agricultural crop dynamic has changed as well. Farmers have started growing bananas instead of the traditional paddy rice. The major explanation is the larger revenues that banana gives but also that there have been a water shortage so the farmers have changed to the less water demanded banana plant.
Extensive Retreat of Greenland Tidewater Glaciers, 2000–2010

Abstract Overall mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet nearly doubled during the early 2000s resulting in an increased contribution to sea-level rise, with this step-change being mainly attributed to the widespread frontal retreat and accompanying dynamic thinning of tidewater glaciers. Changes in glacier calving-front positions are easily derived from remotely sensed imagery and provide a record of dynamic change. However, ice-sheet-wide studies of calving fronts have been either spatially or temporally limited. In this study multiple calving-front positions were derived for 199 Greenland marine-terminating outlet glaciers with width greater than 1 km using Landsat imagery for the 11-year period 2000–2010 in order to identify regional seasonal and inter-annual variations. During this period, outlet glaciers were characterized by sustained and substantial retreat summing to more than 267 km, with only 11 glaciers showing overall advance. In general, the pattern of mass loss detected by GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and other measurements is reflected in the calving record of Greenland glaciers. Our results suggest several regions in the south and east of the ice sheet likely share controls on their dynamic changes, but no simple single control is apparent.
Magmatic water contents determined through clinopyroxene: Examples from the Western Canary Islands, Spain

Water is a key parameter in magma genesis, magma evolution, and resulting eruption styles, because it controls the density, the viscosity, as well as the melting and crystallization behavior of a melt. The parental water content of a magma is usually measured through melt inclusions in minerals such as olivine, a method which may be hampered, however, by the lack of melt inclusions suitable for analysis, or postentrapment changes in their water content. An alternative way to reconstruct the water content of a magma is to use nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs), such as pyroxene, which take up low concentrations of hydrogen as a function of the magma's water content. During magma degassing and eruption, however, NAMs may dehydrate. We therefore tested a method to reconstruct the water contents of dehydrated clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the Western Canary islands (n = 28) through rehydration experiments followed by infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Employing currently available crystal/melt partitioning data, the results of the experiments were used to calculate parental water contents of 0.71 ± 0.07 to 1.49 ± 0.15 wt % H2O for Western Canary magmas during clinopyroxene crystallization at upper mantle conditions. This H2O range is in agreement with calculated water contents using plagioclase‐liquid‐hygrometry, and with previously published data for mafic lavas from the Canary Islands and comparable ocean island systems elsewhere. Utilizing NAMs in combination with hydrogen treatment can therefore serve as a proxy for pre‐eruptive H2O contents, which we anticipate becoming a useful method applicable to mafic rocks where pyroxene is the main phenocryst phase.
Influence of trench width on subduction hinge retreat rates in 3‐D models of slab rollback

Subduction of tectonic plates limited in lateral extent and with a free‐trailing tail, i.e., “free subduction,” is modeled in a three‐dimensional (3‐D) geometry. The models use a nonlinear viscoplastic rheology for the subducting plate and exhibit a wide range of behaviors depending on such plate characteristics as strength, width, and thickness. We investigate the time evolution of this progressive rollback subduction, measure the accompanying return flow in the upper mantle, and quantify the plate kinematics. Due to the 3‐D geometry, flow is allowed to accompany slab rollback around the lateral edges of the slab (the toroidal component), as opposed to 2‐D geometry, where material is forced to flow underneath the slab tip (the poloidal component). A simple force balance is provided which relates the speed of backward trench migration to the resistive forces of generating flow and weakening the plate. Our results indicate most of the gravitational energy of the system (i.e., the negative buoyancy of the subducting slab) is converted into a toroidal flow (∼69%), a much smaller amount goes into weakening the plate (∼18%), and the remaining amount goes into driving flow parallel to displacement of the slab (∼13%). For the trench widths (W) we investigate (≤1500 km), a maximum trench retreat rate occurs for trenches 600 km wide, which is attributed to the interaction between a plate of finite width and the induced flow (which has a lengthscale in the horizontal direction). These numerical results quantitatively agree with comparable 3‐D laboratory experiments using analogue models with a purely viscous plate material (Schellart, 2004a, 2004b), including correlations between increasing retreat rate with increasing plate thickness, trench width for maximum retreat rate (500 km), and estimated amount of slab buoyancy used to drive rollback‐induced flow (∼70%). Several implications for plate tectonics on Earth result from these models such as rollback subduction providing a physical mechanism for ephemeral slab graveyards situated above the more viscous lower mantle (and endothermic phase transition) prior to a flushing event into the lower mantle (mantle avalanche).