Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A widely used machine translation service and its migration to a free/open-source solution: the case of Softcatalà

Softcatalis a non-profit association created more than 10 years ago to fight the marginalisation of the Catalan lan- guage in information and communica- tion technologies. It has led the lo- calisation of many applications and the creation of a website which allows its users to translate texts between Spanish and Catalan using an external closed- source translation engine. Recently, the closed-source translation back-end has been replaced by a free/open-source solution completely managed by Soft- catal` a: the Apertium machine transla- tion platform and the ScaleMT web ser- vice framework. Thanks to the open- ness of the new solution, it is possible to take advantage of the huge amount of users of the Softcatal` a translation ser- vice to improve it, using a series of methods presented in this paper. In ad- dition, a study of the translations re- quested by the users has been carried out, and it shows that the translation back-end change has not affected the usage patterns.
Metabolism and Disposition of Resveratrol in Rats: Extent of Absorption, Glucuronidation, and Enterohepatic Recirculation Evidenced by a Linked-Rat Model

Pharmacokinetics of trans-resveratrol in its aglycone (RESAGL) and glucuronide (RESGLU) forms were studied following intravenous (15 mg/kg i.v.) and oral (50 mg/kg p.o.) administration of trans-resveratrol in a solution of β-cyclodextrin to intact rats. In addition, the enterohepatic recirculation of RESAGL and RESGLU was assessed in a linked-rat model. Multiple plasma and urine samples were collected and concentrations of RESAGL and RESGLU were determined using an electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. After i.v. administration, plasma concentrations of RESAGL declined with a rapid elimination half-life (T 1/2, 0.13 h), followed by sudden increases in plasma concentrations 4 to 8 h after drug administration. These plasma concentrations resulted in a significant prolongation of the terminal elimination half-life of RESAGL(T 1/2TER, 1.31 h). RESAGLand RESGLU also displayed sudden increases in plasma concentrations 4 to 8 h after oral administration, withT 1/2TER of 1.48 and 1.58 h, respectively. RESAGL bioavailability was 38% and its exposure was approximately 46-fold lower than that of RESGLU (AUCinf, 7.1 versus 324.7 μmol·h/l). Enterohepatic recirculation was confirmed in the linked-rat model since significant plasma concentrations of RESAGL and RESGLU were observed in bile-recipient rats at 4 to 8 h. The percentages of the exposures of RESAGL and RESGLU that were due to enterohepatic recirculation were 24.7 and 24.0%, respectively. The fraction of drug excreted in the urine over a period of 12 h was negligible. These results confirm that RESAGL is bioavailable and undergoes extensive first-pass glucuronidation, and that enterohepatic recirculation contributes significantly to the exposure of RESAGL and RESGLU in rats.
UWB LFM echo signal detection and time-delay estimation based on compressive sensing

UWB linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals are widely used in radar, sonar and communication systems. In some applications, the detection of LFM signals and estimation of time-delay are very important. It needs very high sampling rate to address the problems for UWB LFM signal under Nyquist sampling theory which exceeds the current ADC capacity. In this paper, we propose a Compressive Sensing (CS) based method to solve the problem with ultra low sampling rate. We adopt an FrFt based sparse dictionary for CS because of the energy concentration property of LFM signal in the fractional Fourier domain. The performance is much better than the already existed method which used signal-matched sparse dictionary in noise condition. Experiments based on simulated data are carried out to testify the results.
Cutting-in vehicle recognition for ACC systems- towards feasible situation analysis methodologies

Models and methodologies for situation analysis, situation prediction and situation assessment have recently been proposed that undoubtedly base on fundamental theories. On the other hand, little effort has been taken to assess the feasibility of these approaches in the context of sensor systems currently available. This paper outlines a step-by-step prototype realization of a cutting-in vehicle recognition functionality for ACC-System (adaptive cruise control), that utilizes a probabilistic model for situation analysis and prediction. Cutbacks in the face of low sensor data quality are discussed and thereby a consistent methodology is presented to cope with uncertainty in both the developed models and the sensor data. The illustrated approach consistently combines sensor data filtering with Kalman filters and situation analysis with probabilistic networks in order to facilitate decision making under uncertainty. Statistics from test drives in traffic presents the capabilities and also the shortcomings of the approach taken, depicting the achievable enhancements and of course illustrating fail-operations of the system and their consequences. Moreover, the collected statistics is evaluated to come to a qualitative conclusion about what performance can be achieved also in the view of other applications.
The Cross Talk between cGMP Signal Pathway and PKC in Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis

Angiogenic proliferation of vascular endothelial cells is believed to play an important role in pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In the present study, we found that c-GMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) inhibited the proliferation and tube formation of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells induced by TGF-β1, and that this process was reversed by PKG (protein kinase G) inhibitor and PKC (protein kinase C) inhibitor. In addition, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting ERK also reduced cellular proliferation. Furthermore, western blotting showed that cGMP down-regulated the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, which was reversed not only by PKG inhibitor but also by PKC inhibitor. Silencing different PKC isoforms showed that PKCΔ, PKCγ and PKCα were involved in ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that PKC kinases have a permissive action. Three subtypes, PKCΔ, PKCγ and PKCα are likely to be involved the phosphorylation suppression of ERK included cGMP. Taken together, these data suggest that ERK phosphorylation mediates the proliferation of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, and PKC kinases have a permissive action in this process.
Compact Printable Chipless RFID Systems

Two novel compact printable chipless RFID systems are presented, which are: 1) a dual-polarized (DP) system and 2) an orientation insensitive (OI) system. Chipless tags for both the DP and OI systems consist of horizontally (H) and vertically (V) polarized “I” shaped slot resonators of different lengths, which create frequency signatures in the backscattered signal. Here, different V-H slots are used in the DP tag to double the encoding capacity within a fixed bandwidth and same V-H slots are used in the OI tag to achieve orientation insensitivity. Next, for reading these DP and OI tags, a low-profile low-cost wideband DP aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna (ACMPA) with high port-to-port isolation is developed as well. A reader with DP transmission and reception is capable of reading both the DP and OI tags. These single-sided compact tags are directly printable using conductive ink. Here, DP tags with double data capacity are suitable for fixed orientation applications demanding high data capacity, whereas OI tags are suitable for low data capacity applications requiring orientation insensitivity. Moreover, the developed commercially suitable DP ACMPA can also be used universally for reading all other frequency-domain-based tags.
Comparative Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Infected by Alternaria alternata and Its Toxic Metabolites (TeA, AOH, and AME)

In the present study, we have evaluated the comparative biochemical defense response generated against Alternaria alternata and its purified toxins viz. alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA). The necrotic lesions developed due to treatment with toxins were almost similar as those produced by the pathogen, indicating the crucial role of these toxins in plant pathogenesis. An oxidative burst reaction characterized by the rapid and transient production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs following the pathogen infection/toxin exposure. The maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced was reported in the pathogen infected samples (22.2-fold) at 24 h post inoculation followed by TeA (18.2-fold), AOH (15.9-fold), and AME (14.1-fold) in treated tissues. 3,3′- Diaminobenzidine staining predicted the possible sites of H2O2 accumulation while the extent of cell death was measured by Evans blue dye. The extent of lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was higher (15.8-fold) at 48 h in the sample of inoculated leaves of the pathogen when compared to control. The cellular damages were observed as increased MDA content and reduced chlorophyll. The activities of antioxidative defense enzymes increased in both the pathogen infected as well as toxin treated samples. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 5.9-fold higher at 24 h post inoculation in leaves followed by TeA (5.0-fold), AOH (4.1-fold) and AME (2.3-fold) treated leaves than control. Catalase (CAT) activity was found to be increased upto 48 h post inoculation and maximum in the pathogen challenged samples followed by other toxins. The native PAGE results showed the variations in the intensities of isozyme (SOD and CAT) bands in the pathogen infected and toxin treated samples. Ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities followed the similar trend to scavenge the excess H2O2. The reduction in CAT activities after 48 h post inoculation demonstrate that the biochemical defense programming shown by the host against the pathogen is not well efficient resulting in the compatible host-pathogen interaction. The elicitor (toxins) induced biochemical changes depends on the potential toxic effects (extent of ROS accumulation, amount of H2O2 produced). Thus, a fine tuning occurs for the defense related antioxidative enzymes against detoxification of key ROS molecules and effectively regulated in tomato plant against the pathogen infected/toxin treated oxidative stress. The study well demonstrates the acute pathological effects of A. alternata in tomato over its phytotoxic metabolites.
Downlink Cellular Network Analysis With LOS/NLOS Propagation and Elevated Base Stations

In this paper, we investigate the downlink performance of dense cellular networks with elevated base stations (BSs) using a channel model that incorporates line-of-sight (LOS)/non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation into both small-scale and large-scale fading. Modeling LOS fading with Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading, we provide a unified framework based on stochastic geometry that encompasses both closest and strongest BS association. This paper is particularized to two distance-dependent LOS/NLOS models of practical interest. Considering the effect of LOS propagation alone, we derive closed-form expressions for the coverage probability with Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading, showing that the performance for strongest BS association is the same as in the case of Rayleigh fading, whereas for closest BS association it monotonically increases with the shape parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Then, focusing on the effect of elevated BSs, we show that network densification eventually leads to near-universal outage even for moderately low BS densities: in particular, the maximum area spectral efficiency is proportional to the inverse of the square of the BS height.
Training Data Subdivision and Periodical Rotation in Hybrid Fuzzy Genetics-Based Machine Learning

We have already proposed an idea of simultaneous implementation of population subdivision and training data set subdivision, which leads to significant decrease in computation time of genetics-based machine learning (GBML) for large data sets. In our idea, a population is subdivided into multiple sub-populations as in island models where subdivided training data are rotated over the sub-populations. In this paper, we focus on the effect of training data rotation on the generalization ability and the computation time of our hybrid fuzzy GBML algorithm. First we show parallel distributed implementation of our hybrid fuzzy GBML algorithm. Then we examine the effect of training data rotation through computational experiments where both single-population (i.e., non-parallel) and multi-population (i.e., parallel) versions of our GBML algorithm are applied to a multi-class high-dimensional problem with a large number of training patterns. Experimental results show that training data rotation improves the generalization ability of our GBML algorithm. It is also shown that the population size is more directly related to the computation time than the training data set size.
A Novel Load Mismatch Detection and Correction Technique for 3G/4G Load Insensitive Power Amplifier Application

This paper proposes a novel load mismatch detection and correction technique to develop a load insensitive power amplifier (PA). The presented algorithm for the technique can simply be implemented by handling load impedance as a region rather than a point. Based on the detection results, a tunable output matching network (TOMN) corrects a mismatched load and transforms it into a desired region, thereby dramatically enhancing PA performances under load mismatched condition with a minimal compromising at a matched load. The detectors and TOMN were simply implemented using a 0.18-μm silicon-on-insulator field-effect transistor, which were integrated with a 2-μm InGaP/GaAs HBT PA monolithic microwave integrated circuit into a single module. A PA module was implemented using more advanced impedance detectors having eight-phase regions, which was measured with WCDMA R'99 and 10-MHz 16QAM long-term evolution signals centered at 1.95 GHz for verification of the proposed idea. When compared to a conventional PA, excellent adjacent channel leakage ratio improvements of 12.7 and 8.3 dB, respectively, were achieved under output voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of 2.5:1 for both applications. Moreover, the idea was extended for efficiency enhancement in a linearity spec-compliant impedance region, and the PA showed power-added efficiency improvements of 1.6% and 0.5%, respectively, under output VSWR of 2.5:1 for both applications.
An evolutionary algorithm to optimize Web document retrieval

This paper presents an automatic keyword extraction method and an evolutionary algorithm that mines the Web searching for documents according to group users interests. Both techniques were designed for future use in an academic virtual community, characterized as a scientific paper collection (PDF files) and a means for efficient knowledge and information exchange through the Web. The preliminary results presented here demonstrate that the parts of the system already implemented have a good potential for selecting appropriate libraries of keywords and, from them, making and optimizing queries for retrieving related documents from the Web.
Hexagonal groups based key management using deployment knowledge in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of large number of sensor nodes, which may be deployed in hostile environment. Hence, to provide security, the communication among sensor node is to be protected using encryption. Because of the resource constrained nature of the sensor nodes special mechanism is needed for the management of cryptographic keys in WSN. A hexagonal group based deployment model which makes use of 'q' composite random key pre-distribution scheme is suggested. This method makes use of deployment knowledge which is available prior to the network deployment. The keys are distributed among the nodes of sensor network in such a way that, only the nodes in same or adjacent deployment groups share the key, since they are more probable to be neighbors. This key distribution improves the network's connectivity, memory usage, and network resilience against node capture.
Sociable Robot Systems for Weight Maintenance

Human-robot interaction research is maturing to the point where we can begin to build systems that interact with people in their daily lives and provide support for particular needs. We propose that sociable robot systems are systems that comprise a sociable robot, other technological devices, methods for interaction, and methods for relationship creation and maintenance. These systems can be designed as solutions to address particular needs such as health care or behavior change goals. We discuss the social support bene-ﬁts of creating a relationship between a person and a robot and oﬀer ideas for how this might be done. A system that is currently under development in our lab to help obese patients who have recently lost weight maintain their target weight is presented as an example of this kind of sociable robot system.
Sphaerotilus natans encrusted with nanoball-shaped Fe(III) oxide minerals formed by nitrate-reducing mixotrophic Fe(II) oxidation

Ferrous iron has been known to function as an electron source for iron-oxidizing microorganisms in both anoxic and oxic environments. A diversity of bacteria has been known to oxidize both soluble and solid-phase Fe(II) forms coupled to the reduction of nitrate. Here, we show for the first time Fe(II) oxidation by Sphaerotilus natans strain DSM 6575T under mixotrophic condition. Sphaerotilus natans has been known to form a sheath structure enclosing long chains of rod-shaped cells, resulting in a thick biofilm formation under oxic conditions. Here, we also demonstrate that strain DSM 6575T grows mixotrophically with pyruvate, Fe(II) as electron donors and nitrate as an electron acceptor and single cells of strain DSM 6575T are dominant under anoxic conditions. Furthermore, strain DSM 6575T forms nanoball-shaped amorphous Fe(III) oxide minerals encrusting on the cell surfaces through the mixotrophic iron oxidation reaction under anoxic conditions. We propose that cell encrustation results from the indirect Fe(II) oxidation by biogenic nitrite during nitrate reduction and that causes the bacterial morphological change to individual rod-shaped single cells from filamentous sheath structures. This study extends the group of existing microorganisms capable of mixotrophic Fe(II) oxidation by a new strain, S. natans strain DSM 6575T, and could contribute to biogeochemical cycles of Fe and N in the environment.
Coupled-inductor Sepic-type PFC with soft-switching feature for LED lighting applications

In this paper, a coupled-inductor Sepic-type power factor corrector (PFC) with soft-switching is proposed to drive high brightness LED panel. The two inductors in the Sepic-type PFC are magnetically coupled to lower volume. A soft-switching cell composed of an active switch, a resonant inductor and a resonant capacitor is embedded into the PFC to obtain zero-voltage switching (ZVS) feature so as to promote converter efficiency. The proposed PFC is suitable for universal-line input 85Vac ∼ 265 Vac for low output voltage applications. Over the input voltage range, it can achieve high efficiency and high power factor. To drive LED panel, a digitalized feedback control loop is adopted to accomplish current sharing, voltage regulating, and dimming feature. A prototype is designed, analyzed and implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the Sepic-type PFC. Simulation results and hardware measurements have illustrated that the proposed PFC driving LED panel can achieve high power factor, improve efficiency, and accomplish current sharing and dimming feature.
The Role of Regime Shifts in the Term Structure of Interest Rates: Further Evidence from an Emerging Market

In this paper, we investigate the interrelationships among Turkish interest rates having different maturities by using a regime-switching vector error correction model. We find a relationship of long-run equilibrium among interest rates having various maturities. Furthermore, we conclude that term structure dynamics exhibit significant nonlinearity. A forecasting experiment also reveals that the nonlinear term structure models fare better in forecasting than other linear specifications. However, we cannot conclude that interest rate adjustments are made in an asymmetric way in the long run.
Principled Random Finite Set Approximations of Labeled Multi-Object Densities

As a fundamental piece of multi-object Bayesian inference, multi-object density has the ability to describe the uncertainty of the number and values of objects, as well as the statistical correlation between objects, thus perfectly matches the behavior of multi-object system. However, it also makes the set integral suffer from the curse of dimensionality and the inherently combinatorial nature of the problem. In this paper, we study the approximations for the universal labeled multi-object (LMO) density and derive several principled approximations including labeled multi-Bernoulli, labeled Poisson and labeled independent identically clustering process based approximations. Also, a detailed analysis on the characteristics (e.g., approximation error and computational complexity) of the proposed approximations is provided. Then some practical suggestions are made for the applications of these approximations based on the preceding analysis and discussion. Finally, an numerical example is given to support our study.
Semipolynomial kernel optimization based on the fisher method

Kernel based methods are significantly important in the pattern classification problem, especially when different classes are not linearly separable. In this paper, we propose a new kernel, which is the modified version of the polynomial kernel. The free parameter (d) of the proposed kernel considerably affects the error rate of the classifier. Thus, we present a new algorithm based on the Fisher criterion to find the optimum value of d. Simulation results show that using the proposed kernel for classification leads to satisfactory results. In our simulation in most cases the proposed method outperforms the classification using the polynomial kernel.
On Designing Access Control Aspects for Web Applications

This position paper reports our experience in designing access control aspects for Web applications. In particular, we choose the MVC-based Struts framework as the architectural style of our target applications. Two aspect suites in AspectJ are developed to enforce fine-grained access control in a modular and non-invasive manner. While both suites exhibit good software engineering properties, the first suite cannot guarantee the required conditional execution and the second suite achieves it at the cost of code duplication. We elaborate on the underlying issues of aspect composition and present our preliminary findings from this study.