Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Localization of Vangl2 and Fz3 Indicate Novel Mechanisms for Planar Cell Polarity in Mammals

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a process in which cells develop with uniform orientation within the plane of an epithelium. To begin to elucidate the mechanisms of PCP in vertebrates, the localization of the protein Vangl2 (Van Gogh-like) was determined during the development of the mammalian cochlea. Results indicate that Vangl2 becomes asymmetrically localized to specific cell–cell boundaries along the axis of polarization and that this asymmetry is lost in PCP mutants. In addition, PDZ2 (postsynaptic density/Discs large/zona occludens 1), PDZ3, and PDZ4 of the PCP protein Scrb1 (Scribble) are shown to bind to the C-terminal PDZ binding domain of Vangl2, suggesting that Scrb1 plays a direct role in asymmetric targeting of Vangl2. Finally, Fz3 (Frizzled), a newly demonstrated mediator of PCP, is also asymmetrically localized in a pattern that matches that of Vangl2. The presence and asymmetry of Fz3 at the membrane is shown to be dependent on Vangl2. This result suggests a role for Vangl2 in the targeting or anchoring of Fz3, a hypothesis strengthened by the existence of a physical interaction between the two proteins. Together, our data support the idea that protein asymmetry plays an important role in the development of PCP, but the colocalization and interaction of Fz3 and Vangl2 suggests that novel PCP mechanisms exist in vertebrates.
Chronology protection in AdS/CFT

We review the issue of chronology protection and show how string theory can solve it in the half BPS sector of AdS/CFT. According to the LLM prescription, half BPS excitations of AdS5 × 𝒮5 geometries in type IIB string theory can be mapped into free fermion configurations. We show that unitarity of the theory describing these fermions is intimately related to the protection of the chronology in the dual geometries.
Variable Attention and Variable Noise: Forecasting User Activity

The study of collective attention is of growing interest in an age where massand social media generate massive amounts of often short lived information. That is, the problem of understanding how particular ideas, news items, or memes grow and decline in popularity has become a central problem of the information age. Recent research efforts in this regard have mainly addressed methods and models which quantify the success of such memes and track their behavior over time. Surprisingly, however, the aggregate behavior of users over various news and social media platforms where this content originates has large been ignored even though the success of memes and messages is linked to the way users interact with web platforms. In this paper, we therefore present a novel framework that allows for studying the shifts of attention of whole populations related to websites or blogs. The framework is an extension of the Gaussian process methodology, where we incorporate regularization methods that improve prediction and model input dependent noise. We provide comparisons with traditional Gaussian process and show improved results. Our study in a real world data set, uncovers hidden patterns of user behavior.
Teacher Quality: Teachers Teaching Teachers.

"Teachers teaching teachers is like the blind leading the blind," a literacy "expert" told senior Portland Public Schools (PPS) administrators in the fall of 2005, while discussing my three-year writing proposal, which included classroom teachers sharing strategies and lessons to improve writing in Portland's elementary schools. Instead, elementary teachers will get yet another outside expert with a program and a large price tag.
An approach of efficient and resistive digital watermarking using SVD

The validation of images taken by digital cameras has become a great concern as the digital photography is gaining rapid popularity. So, due to lack of protection of digital content as they can be easily duplicated and disseminated without the owner's consent, publishers, artists, and photographers, however, are unwilling to distribute images or other data over the Internet. Therefore, to protect confidential images we propose an efficient digital watermarking technique to deal with this difficult issue. In the proposed technique, the image is first converted into YCbCr from RGB domain then watermark is embedded in Y component of YCbCr using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The results show that our algorithm is resistant toward various attacks.
Narcissism and respect in romantic relationships

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present research was to investigate the connections that narcissistic admiration (i.e., assertive self-enhancement) and narcissistic rivalry (i.e., antagonistic self-protection) had with respect in romantic relationships. The results of Study 1 (N= 432) revealed that narcissistic admiration was positively associated with perceived respect from partner and respect toward partner, whereas narcissistic rivalry was negatively associated with perceived respect from partner and respect toward partner. In addition, individuals with high levels of narcissistic admiration reported low levels of romantic relationship functioning when they perceived low levels of respect from their current partner. The results of Study 2 (N= 334 [167 romantic dyads]) revealed that the narcissistic admiration of women was positively associated with their perceptions of respect from their male partners as well as the actual levels of respect they received. In contrast, narcissistic rivalry was negatively associated with the actual levels of respect that men and women received from their partners as well as the levels of respect their partners perceived from them. Discussion focuses on the implications that respect may have for the romantic relationships of narcissistic individuals.
Ultrastructure of fibre and parenchyma cell walls during early stages of culm development in Dendrocalamus asper.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The anatomy of bamboo culms and the multilayered structure of fibre cell walls are known to be the main determinant factors for its physical and mechanical properties. Studies on the bamboo cell wall have focussed mainly on fully elongated and mature fibres. The main aim of this study was to describe the ultrastructure of primary and secondary cell walls in culm tissues of Dendrocalamus asper at different stages of development. METHODS The development of fibre and parenchyma tissues was classified into four stages based on light microscopy observations made in tissues from juvenile plants. The stages were used as a basis for transmission electron microscopy study on the ultrastructure of the cell wall during the process of primary and early secondary cell wall formation. Macerations and phloroglucinol-HCl staining were employed to investigate fibre cell elongation and fibre cell wall lignification, respectively. KEY RESULTS The observations indicated that the primary wall is formed by the deposition of two distinct layers during the elongation of the internode and that secondary wall synthesis may begin before the complete cessation of internode and fibre elongation. Elongation was followed by a maturation phase characterized by the deposition of multiple secondary wall layers, which varied in number according to the cell type, location in the culm tissue and stage of shoot development. Lignification of fibre cell walls started at the period prior to the cessation of internode elongation. CONCLUSIONS The structure of the primary cell wall was comprised of two layers. The fibre secondary cell wall began to be laid down while the cells were still undergoing some elongation, suggesting that it may act to cause the slow-down and eventual cessation of cell elongation.
ACTIVITY RECOGNITION USING HISTOGRAM OF ORIENTED GRADIENT PATTERN HISTORY

Human activity recognition is an important task in computer vision because it has many application areas such as, healthcare, security, entertainment, and tactical scenarios. This paper presents a methodology to automatically recognize human activity from input video stream using Histogram of Oriented Gradient Pattern History (HOGPH) features and SVM classifier. For this purpose, the proposed system extracts HOG features from a sequence of consecutive video frames and analyzes them to construct HOGPH feature vector. The HOGPH feature vectors are used to train a multi-class SVM classifier for different human activities. In test mode, we use the classifier with HOGPH feature vector to recognize human activity. We have experimented with video data of human activity in real environments for three different tasks (browsing, reading, and writing). The experimental result and its accuracy reveal that the proposed system is applicable to recognize human activity in real-life.
An MAT Tool and Its Effectiveness

Although automatic machine translation (MT) of unconstrained text is beyond the state of the art today, the need for increased translator productivity is urgent. The PANGLOSS system addresses this dilemma by integrating MT with machine-aided translation (MAT). The main measure of progress in the development of the PANGLOSS system is a gradual increase in the level of automation. The current PANGLOSS MT system typically generates sub-sentence-length units of the target text. Any remaining gaps are treated by lexicon lookup. A mixture of these two kinds of components is presented to the user using the CMAT (Component Machine-Aided Translation) editor, which was designed to facilitate the transformation of this output into a high-quality text. An experiment evaluating the utility of the CMAT editor demonstrated its usefulness in this task, and provides useful guidance for further development.
Tuning of reinforcement learning parameters applied to OLSR using a cognitive network design tool

In wireless mesh networks, with the standard Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) metric (i.e. hop count), traffic is routed on the shortest path without considering factors such as traffic distribution and link capacities. Consequently, some nodes may get overloaded from the uneven utilization of network resources. OLSR can be modified to use other link cost metrics, with route selection based on lowest cost path. With delay as the metric, OLSR reduces average round trip time but the load-aware routes may cause wide variance in delay and packet reordering due to route oscillations. We describe a new hybrid routing approach that combines the strength of a) link state routing (e.g. fast convergence), b) load-aware routing (e.g., avoiding congested paths) and c) cognitive routing (e.g. learning to avoid path oscillations). In particular, we investigate the use of Q-learning with OLSR to increase network capacity and reduce congestion delay. We present simulation results for a 36 node dynamic mobile ad hoc network, with standard OLSR, a non-cognitive load-aware OLSR (OLSR-D) and our new hybrid cognitive load-aware OLSR (OLSR-Q). We show that OLSR-Q >; OLSR-D >; OLSR in terms of reducing delay and increasing network capacity. Furthermore, we show that, unlike conventional cognitive Q-routing protocols, our hybrid approach does not reduce performance at low load. Although OLSR-Q can significantly reduce delay and improve capacity, the learning time can reduce connectivity and the distribution of more link state information can reduce raw link capacity. We show how adding OLSR, OLSR-D and OLSR-Q as routing options into the Cognitive Network Engineering Design Analytic Toolset (C-NEDAT), we can select the best routing protocol and parameters (e.g., learning rate) for a given network and its mission. We verify simulation performance improvements by implementing the OLSR-Q in on a 9 node wireless testbed.
Extended Abstract: Access Graph Based Risk Analysis for Network Information System

Currently, the risk analysis for network Information system has experienced a stage from rule-based questionnaire investigation to model-based assessment. Many graph-based models have been proposed and applied to risk analysis. Attack Graph is widely used one. But attack graphs grow exponentially with the size of the network. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework for network vulnerabilities modeling and risk analysis based on the access graph. As a complement to the attack graph approach, the access graph is host-centric approach, which grows polynomially with the number of hosts and so has the benefit of being computationally feasible on large networks. Compared with related works, our approach improves in both performance and computational cost.
Sparse Sampling Action Values Initialized by a Compact Representation Technique

Most of the techniques proposed for problems involving mobile robots are specified in terms of optimal control of Markov decision processes (MDPs). However, the state space dimension explosion makes such tabular MDP-based solutions unfeasible. As an alternative to this, a planning technique based on sparse sampling (SSA) of simulated instances of a MDP model has been suggested. Because the execution time of this algorithm is exponential on the level of an exploration tree and on the number of samplings to be generated, this paper proposes a technique where leaves null-values in the SSA algorithm are substitute by meaningful values, acquired from any of the following approaches: 1) a simple environment reward distribution; 2) a standard reinforcement learning algorithm, and 3) a compact representation on a coarse state discretization for generating initial estimates of the action values. The experiments carried out showed that such information-based variants of SSA lead quickly to better results than the original technique.
Capacity for care: meta-ethnography of acute care nurses' experiences of the nurse-patient relationship

Aims To synthesize evidence and knowledge from published research about nurses' experiences of nurse-patient relationships with adult patients in general, acute inpatient hospital settings. Background While primary research on nurses' experiences has been reported, it has not been previously synthesized. Design Meta-ethnography. Data sources Published literature from Australia, Europe, and North America, written in English between January 1999–October 2009 was identified from databases: CINAHL, Medline, British Nursing Index and PsycINFO. Review methods Qualitative studies describing nurses' experiences of the nurse-patient relationship in acute hospital settings were reviewed and synthesized using the meta-ethnographic method. Results Sixteen primary studies (18 papers) were appraised as high quality and met the inclusion criteria. The findings show that while nurses aspire to develop therapeutic relationships with patients, the organizational setting at a unit level is strongly associated with nurses' capacity to build and sustain these relationships. The organizational conditions of critical care settings appear best suited to forming therapeutic relationships, while nurses working on general wards are more likely to report moral distress resulting from delivering unsatisfactory care. General ward nurses can then withdraw from attempting to emotionally engage with patients. Conclusion The findings of this meta-ethnography draw together the evidence from several qualitative studies and articulate how the organizational setting at a unit level can strongly influence nurses' capacity to build and sustain therapeutic relationships with patients. Service improvements need to focus on how to optimize the organizational conditions that support nurses in their relational work with patients.
Channel Access Fairness in IEEE 802.11ac: A Retrospective Analysis and Protocol Enhancement

High throughput wireless access networks based on IEEE 802.11ac support a number of protocol enhancements at the physical and medium access control sublayer for supporting data rates in the order of Gigabits per second. These include multiple antenna technologies, wider bandwidth via channel bonding, reducing access overhead via short guard intervals, higher order modulation and coding rates, frame aggregation and block acknowledgements. As these features have their internal trade-offs based on channel conditions, the protocol generally employs a rate/link adaptation technique (sometime called dynamic bandwidth channel access) at the data link layer, that dynamically selects the channel access parameters based on the environment condition. However, this paper shows that such heterogeneity in selecting channel access parameters among neighboring wireless access points results in severe unfairness. In this paper, we address such unfairness in channel access, and develop an intelligent decentralized link parameter selection procedure that significantly improves the protocol performance in terms of fairness and overall network throughput. The proposed scheme, FairHT-MAC, has been implemented in a 26-node (6 access points and 20 client stations) indoor testbed, and the performance is analyzed and compared with other state-of-the-art link adaptation methods, like SampleLite and Minstrel-HT. We observe that FairHT-MAC significantly boosts up access fairness and overall network throughput, while keeps the access overhead (in terms of channel access delay) and average power consumption almost same that of Minstrel-HT and SampleLite.
A Memetic Algorithm for a Bi-objective Bus Driver Rostering Problem

The Bus Driver Rostering Problem (DRP) consists of assigning bus drivers to daily duties during a planning period. The problem considers hard constraints imposed by institutional and legal requirements. Solutions should as much as possible satisfy soft constraints that qualify rosters according to either the company’s or the drivers’ interests. A bi-objective version of the DRP is considered and two models are presented. Due to the high computational complexity of DRP, this paper proposes the Strength Pareto Utopic Memetic Algorithm (SPUMA) a new heuristic algorithm specially devised to tackle the problem. SPUMA genetic component combines utopic elitism with a strength Pareto fitness evaluation and includes an improvement procedure. Computational results show that SPUMA outperforms an adaptation of one of the state-of-the-art most competitive multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, SPEA2.
Ependymal Cells , and Glioblastoma Cells Subventricular Zone , but on Embryonic Neural Stem Cells , CD 133 Is Not Present on Neurogenic Astrocytes in the Adult

Human brain tumor stem cells have been enriched using antibodies against the surface protein CD133. An antibody recognizing CD133 also served to isolate normal neural stem cells from fetal human brain, suggesting a possible lineage relationship between normal neural and brain tumor stem cells. Whether CD133-positive brain tumor stem cells can be derived from CD133-positive neural stem or progenitor cells still requires direct experimental evidence, and an important step toward such investigations is the identification and characterization of normal CD133-presenting cells in neurogenic regions of the embryonic and adult brain. Here, we present evidence that CD133 is a marker for embryonic neural stem cells, an intermediate radial glial/ependymal cell type in the early postnatal stage, and for ependymal cells in the adult brain, but not for neurogenic astrocytes in the adult subventricular zone. Our findings suggest two principal possibilities for the origin of brain tumor stem cells: a derivation from CD133-expressing cells, which are normally not present in the adult brain (embryonic neural stem cells and an early postnatal intermediate radial glial/ependymal cell type), or from CD133-positive ependymal cells in the adult brain, which are, however, generally regarded as postmitotic. Alternatively, brain tumor stem cells could be derived from proliferative but CD133-negative neurogenic astrocytes in the adult brain. In the latter case, brain tumor development would involve the production of CD133. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5727–36]
Lessons from the Performing Arts: Can Auditioning Improve the Selection Process in University Administration Preparation Programs in the 21st Century?.

With approximately 50 percent of school administrators retiring over the next 10 years, school leader preparation programs are under pressure to admit adequate numbers of candidates to justify their costs and continued existence. Candidate recruitment and selection suffer, however, from ongoing practical problems including the use of grade-point averages, recommendations/references, Graduate Record Examination scores, writing samples, and personal interviews as primary criteria for assessing candidates' merits. Consequences are low standards of admission, lowered quality of instruction, diminished status of educational administration programs in the eyes of the public, and candidates' receiving credentials just by taking requisite courses. Auditioning candidates in much the same way as is done in the performing arts is recommended as a behavior-based way of evaluating how potential school leaders perform in real-life situations. Two scripted scenarios are described in which a candidate interacts with an irate parent over the phone, and another interacts personally with a concerned parent group. Assessment forms provide information on how effectively each scenario was handled in ways not necessarily addressed by traditional criteria. It is hoped that by adding the audition to school-leader selection criteria, the selection process itself will be improved. (Contains 21 references and 4 tables.) (RT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Steps in Assembly of Silent Chromatin in Yeast: Sir3-Independent Binding of a Sir2/Sir4 Complex to Silencers and Role for Sir2-Dependent Deacetylation

ABSTRACT Transcriptional silencing at the budding yeast silent mating type (HM) loci and telomeric DNA regions requires Sir2, a conserved NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, Sir3, Sir4, histones H3 and H4, and several DNA-binding proteins. Silencing at the yeast ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats requires a complex containing Sir2, Net1, and Cdc14. Here we show that the native Sir2/Sir4 complex is composed solely of Sir2 and Sir4 and that native Sir3 is not associated with other proteins. We further show that the initial binding of the Sir2/Sir4 complex to DNA sites that nucleate silencing, accompanied by partial Sir2-dependent histone deacetylation, occurs independently of Sir3 and is likely to be the first step in assembly of silent chromatin at the HM loci and telomeres. The enzymatic activity of Sir2 is not required for this initial binding, but is required for the association of silencing proteins with regions distal from nucleation sites. At the rDNA repeats, we show that histone H3 and H4 tails are required for silencing and rDNA-associated H4 is hypoacetylated in a Sir2-dependent manner. However, the binding of Sir2 to rDNA is independent of its histone deacetylase activity. Together, these results support a stepwise model for the assembly of silent chromatin domains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Flourishing in the internet: The huge success of live peer-to-peer media streaming

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) media streaming networks have attracted significant research interest recently. However, it is challenging to design live P2P media streaming systems because of the stringent time constraints on the delivered media streams, which require more efficient and resilient overlay. In this paper, we focus on live P2P media streaming networks, a promising application flourishing in the Internet and which requires the distribution of live multimedia content to subscribers. We discuss several live P2P streaming systems, present a basic taxonomy of P2P overlays and closely examine these three approaches, tree-based, mesh-based, tree-mesh-hybrid-based, and summarize the major issues about them. we also categorizes peer selection schemes which are essential for the construction of a P2P streaming network.