Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Nonlinear Bregman Primal-Dual Framework for Optimizing Nonconvex Infimal Convolutions.

This work is concerned with the optimization of nonconvex, nonsmooth composite optimization problems, whose objective is a composition of a nonlinear mapping and a nonsmooth nonconvex function, that can be written as an infimal convolution (inf-conv). To tackle this problem class we propose to reformulate the problem exploiting its inf-conv structure and derive a block coordinate descent scheme on a Bregman augmented Lagrangian, that can be implemented asynchronously. We prove convergence of our scheme to stationary points of the original model for a specific choice of the penalty parameter. Our framework includes various existing algorithms as special cases, such as DC-programming, $k$-means clustering and ADMM with nonlinear operator, when a specific objective function and inf-conv decomposition (inf-deconvolution) is chosen. In illustrative experiments, we provide evidence, that our algorithm behaves favorably in terms of low objective value and robustness towards initialization, when compared to DC-programming or the $k$-means algorithm.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP OF FLARE SIGNATURES AND THE FORCE-FREE CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD

We investigate the plasma and magnetic environment of active region NOAA 11261 on 2011 August 2 around a GOES M1.4 flare/CME (SOL2011-08-02T06:19). We compare coronal emission at the (extreme) ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths, using SDO AIA and RHESSI images, in order to identify the relative timing and locations of reconnection-related sources. We trace flare ribbon signatures at ultraviolet wavelengths in order to pin down the intersection of previously reconnected flaring loops in the lower solar atmosphere. These locations are used to calculate field lines from three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear force-free magnetic field models, established on the basis of SDO HMI photospheric vector magnetic field maps. Using this procedure, we analyze the quasi-static time evolution of the coronal model magnetic field previously involved in magnetic reconnection. This allows us, for the first time, to estimate the elevation speed of the current sheet’s lower tip during an on-disk observed flare as a few kilometers per second. A comparison to post-flare loops observed later above the limb in STEREO EUVI images supports this velocity estimate. Furthermore, we provide evidence for an implosion of parts of the flaring coronal model magnetic field, and identify the corresponding coronal sub-volumes associated with the loss of magnetic energy. Finally, we spatially relate the build up of magnetic energy in the 3D models to highly sheared fields, established due to the dynamic relative motions of polarity patches within the active region.
Use of direct oral anticoagulants in primary care: a qualitative study integrating patient and practitioner perspectives

Background Older patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasingly offered direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to reduce the risk of catastrophic stroke, but clinical follow-up and compliance checks are still required to maintain patient safety. Although a recent qualitative meta-analysis has explored up-to-date research in this area, little is known qualitatively about clinicians’ or patients’ views and experiences of DOAC use in primary care in the UK. Aim To understand the experiences of healthcare practitioners and patients in relation to DOAC use in UK primary care. Design & setting Semi-structured interviews were undertaken. Sixteen older patients with AF taking DOACs, 10 pharmacists, and six GPs were interviewed in Sheffield, England in 2018. Method Interview questions were developed following a systematic literature review. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using six-stage thematic analysis. Results The integrated perspectives show that all three participant groups preferred DOACs over warfarin, a preference driven mainly by the safety profile compared with warfarin. GPs valued pharmacists' input in anticoagulant care, and pharmacists discussed patient safety in the context of anticoagulant audits, and highlighted the need for continuous patient education and counselling. Medication reviews by pharmacists were seen as a positive contribution to medicines optimisation. Conclusion Patients had an overriding trust in their doctors. GPs valued a collaborative approach with other clinicians, and community pharmacists appeared to highlight operational challenges in primary care that may limit the effectiveness of interventions.
RADIAL GROWTH, LIPSCHITZ AND DIRICHLET SPACES ON SOLUTIONS TO THE YUKAWA EQUATION

In this paper, we investigate some properties to solutions f to the Yukawa PDE: f = f in the unit ball B n of C n , where is a nonnegative constant. First, we prove that the answer to an open problem of Girela and Pel aez, concerning such solutions, is positive. Then we study relationships on such solutions between the bounded mean oscillation and Lipschitz-type spaces. At last, we discuss Dirichlet-type energy integrals on such solutions in the unit ball of C n and give an application.
Generating Infinite Random Graphs

Abstract We define a growing model of random graphs. Given a sequence of non-negative integers {dn}n=0∞ with the property that di≤i, we construct a random graph on countably infinitely many vertices v0, v1… by the following process: vertex vi is connected to a subset of {v0, …, vi−1} of cardinality di chosen uniformly at random. We study the resulting probability space. In particular, we give a new characterization of random graphs, and we also give probabilistic methods for constructing infinite random trees.
On the gravitational stability of D1-D5-P black holes

We examine the stability of the nonextremal D1-D5-P black hole solutions. In particular, we look for the appearance of a superradiant instability for the spinning black holes but we find no evidence of such an instability. We compare this situation with that for the smooth soliton geometries, which were recently observed to suffer from an ergoregion instability, and consider the implications for the fuzzball proposal.
On the Accretion Rates and Radiative Efficiencies of the Highest-redshift Quasars

We estimate the accretion rates onto the supermassive black holes that power 20 of the highest-redshift quasars, at , including the quasar with the highest redshift known to date—ULAS J1120 at z = 7.09. The analysis is based on the observed (rest-frame) optical luminosities and reliable “virial” estimates of the BH masses of the quasars, and utilizes scaling relations derived from thin accretion disk theory. The mass accretion rates through the postulated disks cover a wide range, , with most of the objects (80%) having , confirming the Eddington-limited nature of the accretion flows. By combining our estimates of with conservative, lower limits on the bolometric luminosities of the quasars, we investigate which alternative values of best account for all the available data. We find that the vast majority of quasars (∼85%) can be explained with radiative efficiencies in the range , with a median value close to the commonly assumed = 0.1. Within this range, we obtain conservative estimates of for ULAS J1120 and SDSS J0100 (at z = 6.3), and of for SDSS J1148 (at assuming their BH masses are accurate). The implied accretion timescales are generally in the range , suggesting that most quasars could have had mass e-foldings since BH seed formation. Our analysis therefore demonstrates that the available luminosities and masses for the highest-redshift quasars can be explained self-consistently within the thin, radiatively efficient accretion disk paradigm. Episodes of radiatively inefficient, “super-critical” accretion may have occurred at significantly earlier epochs (i.e., ).
Stationary solutions to the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations with steric effects

Ion transport, the movement of ions across a cellular membrane, plays a crucial role in a wide variety of biological processes and can be described by the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations with steric effects (PNP-steric equations). In this paper, we shall show that under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, the steady-state PNP-steric equations are equivalent to a system of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). Analyzing this system of DAEs inspires us to propose an assumption on coupling constants, the so-called \textbf{(H1)} which will be introduced in \cref{Sec:model}, such that if \textbf{(H1)} holds true, the steady-state PNP-steric equations admit a unique stationary $C^2$ solution. Moreover, we shall point out the occurrence of bifurcation when \textbf{(H1)} is violated, which may relate to the opening and closing of the ion channels. When \textbf{(H1)} fails, we also suggest a simple criterion to check whether the system of DAE equations admits unique monotone $C^2$ solutions; or unique monotone piecewise $C^2$ solutions with vertical tangents; or triple piecewise $C^2$ solutions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time such DAE approach has been utilized to obtain a complete investigation for the steady-state PNP-steric equations of two counter-charged ion species
Corner free energies and boundary effects for Ising, Potts and fully packed loop models on the square and triangular lattices

We obtain long series expansions for the bulk, surface and corner free energies for several two-dimensional statistical models, by combining Enting’s finite lattice method (FLM) with exact transfer matrix enumerations. The models encompass all integrable curves of the Q-state Potts model on the square and triangular lattices, including the antiferromagnetic transition curves and the Ising model (Q = 2) at temperature T, as well as a fully packed O(n) type loop model on the square lattice. The expansions are around the trivial fixed points at infinite Q, n or 1/T. By using a carefully chosen expansion parameter, q ≪ 1, all expansions turn out to be of the form , where the coefficients αk and βk are periodic functions of k. Thanks to this periodicity property, we can conjecture the form of the expansions to all orders (except in a few cases where the periodicity is too large). These expressions are then valid for all 0 ⩽ q < 1. We analyse in detail the q → 1− limit in which the models become critical. In this limit the divergence of the corner free energy defines a universal term which can be compared with the conformal field theory (CFT) predictions of Cardy and Peschel. This allows us to deduce the asymptotic expressions for the correlation length in several cases. Finally we work out the FLM formulae for the case where some of the system’s boundaries are endowed with particular (non-free) boundary conditions. We apply this in particular to the square-lattice Potts model with Jacobsen–Saleur boundary conditions, conjecturing the expansions of the surface and corner free energies to arbitrary order for any integer value of the boundary interaction parameter r. These results are in turn compared with CFT predictions.
Walking through the Gaussian Primes

The Gaussian Moat problem asks whether one can walk to infinity in the Gaussian integers using the Gaussian primes as stepping stones and taking bounded length steps or not. In this paper, we have analyzed the Gaussian primes and also developed an algorithm to find the primes on the $\mathbb{R}^2$ plane which will help us to calculate the moat for higher value. We have also reduced a lot of computation with this algorithm to find the Gaussian prime though their distribution on the $\mathbb{R}^2$ plane is not so regular. A moat of value $\sqrt{26}$ is already an existing result done by Genther et.al. The focus of the problem is to show that primes are getting lesser as we are approaching infinity. We have shown this result with the help of our algorithm. We have calculated the moat and also calculated the time complexity of our algorithm and compared it with Genther-Wagon-Wick's algorithm. As a new ingredient, we have defined the notion of primality for the plane $\mathbb{R}^3$ and proposed a problem on it.
On the roots of hypergraph chromatic polynomials

Let $G = (V,E)$ be a finite, simple, connected graph with chromatic polynomial $P_G(q)$. Sokal \cite{sokal} proved that the roots of the chromatic polynomial of $G$ are bounded in absolute value by $KD$ where, $D$ is the maximum degree of the graph and $7< K < 8$ is a constant. In this paper we generalize this result to uniform hypergraphs. To prove our results we will use the theory of the bounded exponential type graph polynomials.
Tree pressure for hyperbolic and non-exceptional upper semi-continuous potentials

In this note, we investigate the tree pressure for multi-modal interval maps with a certain class of hyperbolic and non-exceptional upper semi-continuous functions. In particular, we obtain a generalized version of Corollary 2.2 in the paper \cite{LRL14} by Li and Rivera-Letelier. This property will be used to prove the existence of a conformal measure for the geometric potential in the negative spectrum.
Association between PTA for milk from foreign Holstein sires and daughters milk yield in Brazil

The genetic improvement of the Holstein breed in Brazil is supported by the use of reproductive biotechnologies, mainly due to artificial insemination. Dependent on imported cryopreserved semen, therefore, genetic material from breeders evaluated in different environments, in this way, Brazilian herds seems to be likely to not present satisfactory genetic advances, caused by the phenomenon of genotype-environment interaction. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate whether, when selecting bulls with high genetic merit for milk, they have the potential to generate progenies with superior milk yield (MY). For this, a database of Holstein heifers and cows (n=7,556) was used, containing lactation records and PTA milk data from their sire. Lactations were adjusted for environmental effects and analyzed by Spearman correlation in relation to PTA milk of their respective sire. Significant correlations (p<0.0001) were found with higher coefficients for the first lactation and lower for the fifth lactation. Also, considering the PTA milk of the sires, quartiles were assembled and submitted to ANOVA demonstrating that there is a significant difference (p<0.0001) between the MY of daughters between quartiles, confirming that foreign sires can be used with to generate more productive daughters in Brazil.
Biodiversity of Sargassum (Fucales, Sargassaceae) from Eastern Samar (Philippines) inferred from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data

ABSTRACT Sargassum is the most diverse genus in the brown algal order Fucales, which is an ecologically important primary producer in marine ecosystems. The Philippines has about 73 species of Sargassum identified based solely on morphology, representing 18% of its reported global diversity. The genus is known for its morphological plasticity which makes identification of its species challenging. Taxonomy is particularly problematic in the Philippines where molecular data for Sargassum is lacking. We collected 34 samples of Sargassum from Eastern Samar, Philippines, an area known to have significant species diversity. Using newly designed primers to amplify the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, we generated gene sequences and reconstructed the phylogeny of Sargassum to infer species diversity of the Eastern Samar samples. Based on morphological assessments of samples, we found S. corderoi, S. polycystum and five other morphotaxa. Molecular assessments, on the other hand, show the presence of only three morphotaxa. Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood generated almost identical trees which showed that S. corderoi and Sargassum sp. aff. siliquosum samples are nested in a clade of S. ilicifolium. This is the first time that S. corderoi has been reported in Eastern Samar. Another species, S. polycystum, formed a clade consisting of well-supported subgroups. This study is a step towards updating the taxonomic identification of Sargassum species found in the Philippines using molecular and morphological data. The biomarker used in our study could improve the identification of Sargassum species in a species-rich subtropical-tropical geographical area such as the Philippines, in phylogenetic studies of Sargassum.
Infinite dimensional optimistic optimisation with applications on physical systems

This paper presents a novel numerical optimisation method for infinite dimensional optimisation. The functional optimisation makes minimal assumptions about the functional and without any specific knowledge on the derivative of the functional. The algorithm has been tested on several physical systems (brachistochrone and catenary problems) and it is shown that the solutions obtained are close to the actual solutions in one thousand functional evaluations. It is also shown that for the tested cases, the new algorithm provides better convergence to the optimum value compared to the tested existing algorithms.
Density matrix renormalization group on a cylinder in mixed real and momentum space

We develop a variant of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm for two-dimensional cylinders that uses a real space representation along the cylinder and a momentum space representation in the perpendicular direction. The mixed representation allows us to use the momentum around the circumference as a conserved quantity in the DMRG algorithm. Compared with the traditional purely real-space approach, we find a significant speedup in computation time and a considerable reduction in memory usage. Applying the method to the interacting fermionic Hofstadter model, we demonstrate a reduction in computation time by over 20-fold, in addition to a sixfold memory reduction.
Directed polymers in heavy-tail random environment

We study the directed polymer model in dimension ${1+1}$ when the environment is heavy-tailed, with a decay exponent $\alpha\in(0,2)$. We give all possible scaling limits of the model in the weak-coupling regime, i.e., when the inverse temperature temperature $\beta=\beta_n$ vanishes as the size of the system $n$ goes to infinity. When $\alpha\in(1/2,2)$, we show that all possible transversal fluctuations $\sqrt{n} \leq h_n \leq n$ can be achieved by tuning properly $\beta_n$, allowing to interpolate between all super-diffusive scales. Moreover, we determine the scaling limit of the model, answering a conjecture by Dey and Zygouras [cf:DZ] - we actually identify five different regimes. On the other hand, when $\alpha<1/2$, we show that there are only two regimes: the transversal fluctuations are either $\sqrt{n}$ or $n$. As a key ingredient, we use the Entropy-controlled Last Passage Percolation (E-LPP), introduced in a companion paper [cf:BT_ELPP].
Sotienvälisen ajan kuvateosten sisällissota

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan historiallisen valokuvatutkimuksen keinoin sotienvälisellä kaudella ilmestyneiden kahden kuvateoksen Suomen sisällissodasta konstruoimaa kuvaa. Artikkelin aineistona toimivat sotienvälisellä kaudella ilmestyneet kuvateokset Suomen vapaussota kuvissa (Otava 1934) ja Vapaussodan kuvahistoria (Otava 1938), jotka molemmat edustavat valkoisen Suomen näkökulmaa vuoden 1918 sotaan. Kuvateosten sisältöä analysoidaan kahden pääteeman kautta. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat yhtäältä sodankäyntiä ja valkoisten puolen sotilaita sekä heidän toimintaansa esittävät kuvat. Toisen teemakokonaisuuden muodostavat punaisia ja heidän toimintaansa esittävät kuvat. Artikkelissa vastataan kysymyksiin siitä, minkälaista mielikuvaa edellä mainituista sodan osa-alueista kirjoissa on pyritty luomaan, mistä syystä, ja millaisia kuvia tähän on käytetty. Lisäksi tarkastellaan, miten teemojen esittely eri kirjoissa eroaa toisistaan, ja pohditaan, mistä nämä erot voisivat johtua.
Holographic thermalization

We consider the transition of a quantum field system toward the state of thermal equilibrium based on the holographic description using the duality between the quantum field system in the d-dimensional Minkowski space and the gravity theory in the (d+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. In this construction, the thermalization in the d-dimensional space is described in the holographic language as the formation of a black hole in the (d+1)-dimensional space. We use a holographic model of thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma describing the black hole formation by the Vaidya metric. We show that evaporation of the black hole, also modeled by the Vaidya metric, leads to an interesting effect in the d-dimensional space: thermalization occurs only at small distances and is impossible in the infrared region. In the considered model, the thermal behavior at small distances is possible only during a certain time, after which the dethermalization process begins.
Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities of Cholesteatomas: A Review

A cholesteatoma is an abnormal, noncancerous skin growth that can appear beneath the eardrum in the center of your ear. Although it might be a congenital condition, frequent middle ear infections are the main culprit. A cholesteatoma frequently appears as a cyst or sac that exfoliates the skin's outer layers. As these dead skin cells build up, the growth can enlarge and penetrate intratemporal tissues, leading to various intracranial and extracranial difficulties that can compromise facial muscles, hearing, and balance. Cholesteatomas were recognized more than three centuries ago. A cholesteatoma can develop into a serious condition if it is not treated right away. Because of its fast development and invasive nature, it can cause several consequences, some of which can be fatal for people without access to advanced medical treatment. There are no effective nonsurgical treatments available right now. It will be necessary to have a thorough awareness of both previous developments and more current ones to develop an appropriate management approach for this condition. The background information on acquired middle ear cholesteatomas is briefly reviewed in this paper. We also take into account categorization-, epidemiology-, histology-, and pathogenesis-related difficulties, and we carefully review current management and diagnosis approaches.
Associations between Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome, Physical and Psychological Health in Older Adults: a scoping review protocol

Objective: To map existing literature on motoric cognitive risk syndrome and its associations with physical and psychological variables in community-dwelling older adults. Methodology: The indexed literature published in English, Portuguese and Spanish will be systematically searched on 8 databases (PUBMED, PUBMED PMC, EMBASE, BVS, COCHRANE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and AGELINE). Two authors will independently evaluate titles, abstracts and full-texts according to eligibility criteria. A customized data extraction form will be used to chart the data extracted from the studies. For consideration, studies must be in English, Portuguese or Spanish, involve studies with community-dwelling older adults (55 years old and over), men and/or women (mean age 60), gerontological literature that reports the syndrome in older adults, and observational, experimental and quantitative studies, besides reviews. Results: Results will be charted in a table and accompanied by a narrative summary.