Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Animal Communication Systems: Questions of Function Examined through Simulation

Simulated evolution is used as a tool for investigating the selective pressures that have influenced the design of animal signalling systems. The biological literature on communication is first reviewed: central concepts such as the handicap principle and the view of signalling as manipulation are discussed. The equation of “biological function” with “adaptive value” is then defended, along with a workable definition of communication. Evolutionary simulation models are advocated as a way of testing the coherence of a given theory. Contra some ALife enthusiasts, simulations are not alternate worlds worthy of independent study; in fact they fit naturally into a Quinean picture of scientific knowledge as a web of modifiable propositions. Existing simulation work on the evolution of communication is reviewed: much of it consists of simple proofs of concept that fail to make connections with existing theory. A particular model (MacLennan & Burghardt, 1994) of the evolution of referential communication in a co-operative context is replicated and critiqued in detail. Evolutionary simulations are then presented that cover a range of ecological scenarios; the first is a general model of food- and alarm-calling. In such situations signallers and receivers can have common or conflicting interests; the model allows us to test the idea that a conflict of interests will lead to an arms race of ever more costly signals, whereas common interests will result in signals that are as cheap as possible. The second model is concerned with communication during aggressive interactions. Many animals use signals to settle contests, thus avoiding the costs associated with fighting. Conventional game-theoretic results suggest that the signalling of aggression or of strength will not be evolutionarily stable unless it is physically unfakeable, but some recent models imply that cost-free, arbitrary signals can be reliable indicators of both intent and ability. The simulation, which features continuous-time perception of the opponent’s strategy, is an attempt to settle the question. The third model deals with sexual signalling, i.e., elaborate displays that are designed to persuade members of the opposite sex to mate. The results clarify the question of whether such displays are the pointless result of runaway sexual selection, or whether they function as honest and costly indicators of genetic quality. The models predict the evolution of reliable communication in a surprisingly narrow range of circumstances; a serious gap remains between these predictions and the ethological data. Future directions for simulation work are discussed.
Applying the KANO Model in Mobile Services World: A Report from the Frontline

The customer, a leading Global Telecommunication and Service Provider, has made the strategical decision to move away from the old fashioned Telecommunication company to a more internet player oriented service provider. The approach is to combine the short time-to-market requirement, like a state-of-the-art internet player uses to follow with a more mature way of delivering services. This combination made it necessary to implement new ways of probing customers' reaction on newly planned mobile services. The question "how satisfied will customers be with the service currently being developed" wasn't affordable to be answered 6 months or more after project initiation. A permanent "pulse monitoring" of customers' needs and understanding of these was mandatory to be implemented to react within short timeframes on changes on the market. As a consequence the existing Quality Management process framework needed to be adapted as well. As a tool to probe customer satisfaction the KANO model (see [1]) was introduced. A tailored adaptation of the standard KANO approach was implemented with low effort and costs. At different stages in the service delivery lifecycle KANO surveys were conducted encompassing features on use case levels, supported by early prototypes whenever feasible, conducted with real customers, friendly users or project team members. It can be clearly shown with the help of some real life examples that the new approach added value by focusing efforts in service design, development and verification stages while at the same time increasing the ownership and commitment for the end customer product.
A model of coupled oscillators applied to the aerosol–cloud–precipitation system

Abstract. We simulate the aerosol–cloud–precipitation system as a collection of cloud elements, each coupled through physically based interactions with adjacent clouds. The equations describing the individual clouds follow from the predator–prey model of Koren and Feingold (2011) with the addition of coupling terms that derive from the flow of air between the components resulting from surface divergence or convergence of flows associated with the life cycle of an individual cell. It is shown that some degree of coupling might stabilize clouds that would ordinarily become unstable. Varying the degree of coupling strength has significant influence on the system. For weak coupling, the clouds behave as independent oscillators with little influence on one another. As the local coupling strength increases, a point is reached at which the system becomes highly synchronized, similar to the Sakaguchi et al. (1987) model. Individual cloud oscillators in close proximity to one another can be both in-phase or out-of-phase depending on the choice of the time constant for the delay in communication between components. For the case considered, further increases in coupling strength result in reduced order and eventually unstable growth. Finally it is demonstrated that the set of coupled oscillators mimics qualitatively the spatial structure and synchronized behaviour of both closed and open-cellular cloud fields observed in satellite imagery, and produced by numerically intensive large eddy simulation.
Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement Among Malaysian Secondary Students

Classrooms are always filled with youngsters displaying a wide range of concerns and behavioral problems that often make learning in the classroom difficult and ineffective. Students are often found to suffer from poor self-awareness, low self-esteem, lack of motivation, little self-discipline, poor peer interaction, an inability to express feelings effectively, and sometimes, a significant amount of emotional pain such as feeling sad, unhappy, anxious, frustrated, and angry. Based on the concept and model of Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ) by Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso (1997), the authors discuss how the mechanism of EQ can enhance students’ emotional competency which in turn improve their learning in the classroom. Present study was conducted in 5 secondary schools in the state of Selangor, Malaysia, to examine students’ overall level of EQ and the relationship between students’ level of EQ and their level of negative affect (anxiety, anger, and frustration) towards specific school tasks and academic achievement. Research findings indicate that there is linear negative relationship between students’ level of EQ and their level of negative affect towards specific school tasks, and positive linear relationship between EQ and academic achievement. Findings also indicate positive relationship between EQ and gender differences.
Polaris: A New-Generation Parallelizing Compiler for MPPs

ion for Inner Loops When the algorithm nds a loop nested inside a loop body, it will recursively call itself on the inner loop. To hide the control ow of an inner loop, we introduce some abstraction and extend the previous de nition from a basic block to a complete loop. We start by de ning the information for one iteration of the loop. De nition 5 Let L be a loop and V AR be the variables in the program. We de ne the following set as summary set for body(L). 1. DEFb(L) := fv 2 VAR : v has a MRD reaching all exits node of body(L) g 2. USEb(L) := fv 2 V AR : v has an outward exposed use in body(L) g 3. KILLb(L) := DEFb(L) 4. PRIb(L) := fv 2 VAR : every use of v has a reaching MRD in body(L) g 2 The summary set is an abstraction of the e ect of a loop iteration on the data ow values. Using the summary set, we can ignore the structure of the inner loops in the analysis of the outer loop. The trade-o is that we have to make a conservative approximation and may lose information in the process. DEFb(L) is themust de ne variables for one iteration of L; i.e. the must de ne variables upon exiting the iteration: DEFb(L) = \(MRDout(t) : t 2 exits(L))
Message Received: Virtual Ethnography in Online Message Boards

As the Internet begins to encapsulate more people within online communities, it is important that the social researcher have well-rounded ethnographic methodologies for observing these phenomena. This article seeks to contribute to methodology by detailing and providing insights into three specific facets of virtual ethnography that need attention: space and time, identity and authenticity, and ethics. Because the Internet is a globalized and instantaneous medium where space and time collapse, identity becomes more playful, and ethics become more tenuous; understanding these aspects is crucial to the study of online social groups. A second focus of this article is to apply these notions to the study of online message boards—a frequently used medium for online communication that is frequently overlooked by methodologists.
The Life Cycle Completed: A Review

This text is based on an long introduction which the National Institute of Mental Health asked the author to contribute for "The Course of Life: Psychoanalytical Contributions Toward Understanding Personality Development". It places Erikson's famous theories - the identity crisis, the interdependence of history and life history, the life cycle, and the concept that maturity is not the end of psychological growth - in their historical and autobiographical contexts.
Bubble pinch-off in a rotating flow.

We create air bubbles at the tip of a "bathtub vortex" which reaches to a finite depth. The bathtub vortex is formed by letting water drain through a small hole at the bottom of a rotating cylindrical container. The tip of the needlelike surface dip is unstable at high rotation rates and releases bubbles which are carried down by the flow. Using high-speed imaging we find that the minimal neck radius of the unstable tip decreases in time as a power law with an exponent close to 1/3. This exponent was found by Gordillo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 194501 (2005)10.1103/PhysRevLett.95. 194501] to govern gas flow driven pinch-off, and indeed we find that the volume oscillations of the tip creates a considerable air flow through the neck. We argue that the Bernoulli pressure reduction caused by this air flow can become sufficient to overcome the centrifugal forces and cause the final pinch-off.
El Niño/Southern Oscillation response to global warming

The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, originating in the Tropical Pacific, is the strongest natural interannual climate signal and has widespread effects on the global climate system and the ecology of the Tropical Pacific. Any strong change in ENSO statistics will therefore have serious climatic and ecological consequences. Most global climate models do simulate ENSO, although large biases exist with respect to its characteristics. The ENSO response to global warming differs strongly from model to model and is thus highly uncertain. Some models simulate an increase in ENSO amplitude, others a decrease, and others virtually no change. Extremely strong changes constituting tipping point behavior are not simulated by any of the models. Nevertheless, some interesting changes in ENSO dynamics can be inferred from observations and model integrations. Although no tipping point behavior is envisaged in the physical climate system, smooth transitions in it may give rise to tipping point behavior in the biological, chemical, and even socioeconomic systems. For example, the simulated weakening of the Pacific zonal sea surface temperature gradient in the Hadley Centre model (with dynamic vegetation included) caused rapid Amazon forest die-back in the mid-twenty-first century, which in turn drove a nonlinear increase in atmospheric CO2, accelerating global warming.
PENGARUH COMPUTER ANXIETY DAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM) TERHADAP TECHNOSTRESS PADA GURU SMK DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR

Tri Effiyanti. S991202015. Pengaruh Computer Anxiety Dan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Terhadap Technostress Pada Guru Di SMK Kabupaten Karanganyar. Tesis. Pembimbing 1: Prof. Dr. Siswandari, M.Stat., Pembimbing 2: Dr. Hery Sawiji, M.Pd. Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi, Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Juli 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh kecemasan berkomputer (computer anxiety) terhadap TAM, 2) pengaruh TAM terhadap kelebihan beban kerja (work overload), 3) pengaruh kecemasan berkomputer (computer anxiety) terhadap ketidakamanan pekerjaan (job insecurity), 4) pengaruh kelebihan beban kerja (work overload) dan ketidakamanan pekerjaan (job insecurity) terhadap technostress guru SMK di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua guru SMK Bisnis dan Manajemen Kabupaten Karanganyar. Sampel penelitian ini diambil sebanyak populasi dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan path analysis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) kecemasan berkomputer (computer anxiety) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap TAM, 2) TAM berpengaruh signifikan sebagian terhadap kelebihan beban kerja (work overload), 3) kecemasan berkomputer (computer anxiety) berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap ketidakamanan pekerjaan (job insecurity), 4) kelebihan beban kerja (work overload) dan ketidakamanan pekerjaan (job insecurity) berpengaruh signifikan sebagian terhadap technostress guru SMK di Kabupaten Karanganyar, 5) secara langsung, technostress dipengaruhi oleh kelebihan beban kerja (work overload) dan ketidakamanan pekerjaan (job insecurity) sebesar 58%, 6) Sumbangan efektif secara keseluruhan model adalah 83%.
Supra‐acetabular external fixation for pelvic fractures: A digital anatomical study

Supra‐acetabular external fixation is an important tool for pelvic fractures. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) is crucial for the operation. Here, we analyzed the morphology of AIIS and adjacent structures via a digital measurement mode. One hundred and twenty normal pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans were converted into three‐dimensional digital models and their parameters were measured by Geomagics software. We obtained the values of 13 important AIIS anatomical characteristics, which were the perpendicular distance of the anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS) and AIIS (PDASIS‐AIIS), the perpendicular distance between the AIIS and superior pubic tubercle (PDAIIS‐PT), the distance between the AIIS and anterior median line (HDAIIS‐ML), the angle of the pin tract line and the horizontal plane (AHOR), the transverse diameter of AIIS (TD), and the minimum diameter of the pin tract plane (DMIN), etc. Among them, six parameters showed significant difference between male and female (PDASIS‐AIIS: P =0.040, PDAIIS‐PT: P = 0.001, HDAIIS‐ML: P = 0.019, AHOR: P = 0.021, TD: P < 0.001, and DMIN: P = 0.003, respectively). These results provided references in locating pinning site for a safer and more accurate supra‐acetabular external fixation and also suggested that gender difference should be considered during the surgery. Clin. Anat. 25:503–508, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid Detection and Differentiation of Swine-Origin Influenza A Virus (H1N1/2009) from Other Seasonal Influenza A Viruses

We previously developed a rapid and simple gold nanoparticle(NP)-based genomic microarray assay for identification of the avian H5N1 virus and its discrimination from other influenza A virus strains (H1N1, H3N2). In this study, we expanded the platform to detect the 2009 swine-origin influenza A virus (H1N1/2009). Multiple specific capture and intermediate oligonucleotides were designed for the matrix (M), hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the H1N1/2009 virus. The H1N1/2009 microarrays were printed in the same format as those of the seasonal influenza H1N1 and H3N2 for the HA, NA, and M genes. Viral RNA was tested using capture-target-intermediate oligonucleotide hybridization and gold NP-mediated silver staining. The signal from the 4 capture-target-intermediates of the HA and NA genes was specific for H1N1/2009 virus and showed no cross hybridization with viral RNA from other influenza strains H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1. All of the 3 M gene captures showed strong affinity with H1N1/2009 viral RNA, with 2 out of the 3 M gene captures showing cross hybridization with the H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 samples tested. The current assay was able to detect H1N1/2009 and distinguish it from other influenza A viruses. This new method may be useful for simultaneous detection and subtyping of influenza A viruses and can be rapidly modified to detect other emerging influenza strains in public health settings.
Eddy Current Probe Identification and Analysis

This paper presents a new approach to the classical method for failure detection with eddy currents. In contrast to traditional methods of measuring reflected impedance on the probe circuit, this paper uses concepts of identification theory to find a transfer function that characterizes the dynamics of the measuring system by eddy currents. The transfer function represents the admittance of the input equivalent circuit. The estimated parameters of the transfer function were used to compute the inductive time constant of equivalent circuit of the metal specimen. The results of the time constant variation of the equivalent circuit of the sample were compared with the equivalent input impedance variation. A preliminary analysis is done in a simple case study, which has shown that the inductive time constant is more sensitive than the reflected impedance on the probe circuit, especially at low frequencies. Moreover, the estimated time constant is independent of the excitation frequency and mutual inductance.
Social relationships and health: the meaning of social "connectedness" and how it relates to health concerns for rural Scottish adolescents.

Adolescence has been posited as an important period for the onset of mental health problems and for the need to adapt successfully to many psychosocial changes. The assumption has been made that social belonging is both a health-related goal and an antidote for other sorts of emotional crises, but there is little research on how normal adolescents themselves view connections between social relationships and their physical and mental health. This qualitative study examines how social connectedness represents both a content and process variable in northern Scottish young people's discussion of their health concerns, that is, it was both a source of distress and implicated as a helpful or harmful factor in relation to other health concerns. Analyses revealed both the potency of all of these concerns and participants' belief that skills acquired now could affect their future life goals and health. Suggestions are given for building new approaches for conceptualizing rural young people's health problems and helping them cope with the social contexts involved within and around them.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Chongqing, China

To gain insight into the epidemiology of childhood drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in China that has the second largest burden of TB and the largest number of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB cases in the world, we performed the cross-sectional study to investigate drug resistance of four first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol) using Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 196 culture-confirmed pediatric TB cases diagnosed in the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China during 2008–2013. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between patient demographic and clinical characteristics and DR-and MDR-TB, respectively. Twenty-eight percent (56/196) of the study patients exhibited resistance to at least one of the four first-line anti-TB drugs tested. MDR was found in 4.6% (9/196) of the study patients. More than half (5/9, 55.6%) of the MDR cases were from a single county of Chongqing. A significant association was found between being acid-fast bacilli-smear negative and DR-TB (adjusted OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.13–4.80) and between having concurrent thoracic-extrathoracic involvement and MDR-TB (adjusted OR, 9.49; 95% CI, 1.05–85.92), respectively. The findings of this study indicate that the rate of DR is high among pediatric TB patients in Chongqing and suggest an urgent need for studies to identify MDR transmission hotspots in Chongqing, thereby contributing to the control DR- and MDR-TB epidemics in China. The study also generates new insight into the pathogenesis of DR and MDR M. tuberculosis strains and highlights the importance of studying childhood TB to the goal of global TB control.
Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Association with chronodisruption, sleep deprivation, and melatonin suppression

Abstract Obesity has become an epidemic in industrialized and developing countries. In 30 years, unless serious changes are made, a majority of adults and many children will be classified as overweight or obese. Whereas fatness alone endangers physiological performance of even simple tasks, the associated co-morbidity of obesity including metabolic syndrome in all its manifestations is a far more critical problem. If the current trend continues as predicted, health care systems may be incapable of handling the myriad of obesity-related diseases. The financial costs, including those due to medical procedures, absenteeism from work, and reduced economic productivity, will jeopardize the financial well-being of industries. The current review summarizes the potential contributions of three processes that may be contributing to humans becoming progressively more overweight: circadian or chronodisruption, sleep deficiency, and melatonin suppression. Based on the information provided in this survey, life-style factors (independent of the availability of abundant calorie-rich foods) may aggravate weight gain. Both epidemiological and experimental data support associations between disrupted physiological rhythms, a reduction in adequate sleep, and light-at-night-induced suppression of an essential endogenously produced molecule, melatonin. The implication is that if these problems were corrected with life-style changes, body-weight could possibly be more easily controlled.
ASK AND YOU SHALL HEAR (BUT NOT ALWAYS): EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGER CONSULTATION AND EMPLOYEE VOICE

The literature on employees’ voice is characterized by 2 influential perspectives on its antecedents—1 that focuses on the importance of managerial behaviors and the other that emphasizes the role of employees’ internal motivational states. In this study, we integrate these perspectives and examine the proposition that (a key managerial behavior) consultation—that is, the extent to which the manager is seen to solicit and listen to suggestions on work issues from the employees, enhances employees’ upward voice by increasing their perceived influence at work (an important motivational state). Using multisource survey data from 640 nurses and their managers, we found that managers’ consultation was positively related to employees’ upward voice, with employees’ perceived influence acting as the mediator. We further delineate key moderators of this mediated relationship and discuss implications for theory and practice.