Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivating Sustainable Consumption

iii Executive Summary. v Part 1 Framing the Debate . v Part 2 Models of Consumer Behaviour . vi Part 3 Towards Behavioural Change . xi PART 1: FRAMING THE DEBATE. 1 1 Towards Sustainable Consumption Policy . 3 1.1 The Challenge of Behavioural Change . 3 1.2 The Challenge of Sustainable Consumption. 4 1.3 Terms of Reference for this Review. 5 1.4 The Question of Evidence. 5 1.5 The Limitations of Systematic Review. 6 1.6 Overview of the Structure . 7 2 Consumption: the vanguard of history? 9 2.1 Consumption and Well-Being. 9 2.2 Consumption and Needs . 10 2.3 Consumption and Desire . 11 2.4 Ordinary and Inconspicuous Consumption. 13 2.5 Consumption and Identity. 13 2.6 The Symbolic Role of Consumer Goods . 14 2.7 Consumption as Social Conversation . 15 2.8 Consumption and the Pursuit of Meaning . 16 2.9 Conclusions . 17 PART 2: MODELS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR . 19 3 The Role of Models . 21 4 Rational Choice. 29 4.1 Consumer Preference Theory. 30 4.2 The Attribute (Lancaster) Model . 31 4.3 Rational Choice in Non-Purchasing Behaviour . 32 5 Against Rational Choice . 35 5.1 Bounded Rationality, Habit and Emotion. 35 5.2 The Argument against Individualism. 37 5.3 The Moral Critique . 39 6 Adjusted Expectancy-Value Theory. 43 6.1 Simple Expectancy-Value Attitude Theory. 43 6.2 Means-End Chain Theory. 44 Motivating Sustainable Consumption ii 6.3 The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) . 46 6.4 The Theory of Planned Behaviour . 48 7 Moral and Normative Conduct . 51 7.1 Ecological Value Theory . 52 7.2 Norm Activation Theory. 54 7.3 Stern’s Value Belief Norm Theory. 56 7.4 The Focus Theory of Normative Conduct . 58 8 The Matter of Habit . 63 8.1 Cognitive effort – control, automaticity and heuristics . 64 8.2 The Role of Habit and Routine . 65 8.3 Framing, Priming and Bias . 66 9 Sociality and Self . 69 9.1 The Social-Symbolic Self . 70 9.2 The Project of Symbolic Self-Completion. 73 9.3 Self-Concept, Cognitive Dissonance and Spillover . 76 9.4 Self-Discrepancy Theory . 77 9.5 Social Identity Theory. 79 9.6 Cultural Theory. 84 10 Integrative Theories of Consumer Behaviour . 89 10.1 Structuration and Social Practices. 89 10.2 Stern’s Attitude-Behaviour-Context Model. 92 10.3 Triandis’ Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour . 93 10.4 The Motivation-Opportunity-Abilities model. 95 10.5 Bagozzi’s Model of Consumer Action . 97 10.6 Summary Discussion . 99 PART 3: TOWARDS BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE . 103 11 Change, Persuasion and Learning. 105 11.1 Persuasion Theory. 106 11.2 The Elaboration Likelihood Model. 107 11.3 Social Learning Theory. 109 11.4 Control, Helplessness and Participatory Problem Solving . 112 11.5 Breaking ‘Bad’ Habits . 114 11.6 Community-Based Social Marketing. 118 11.7 Summary Discussion . 119 12 Policy Options and Opportunities . 121 12.1 Policy Options in Historical and Cultural Context . 122 12.2 Policy Opportunities in Social and Institutional Context . 127 12. 3 Concluding Remarks. 132 References . 135 Motivating Sustainable Consumption
Query expansion for exploratory search with subtopic discovery in Community Question Answering

Exploratory search is cumbersome with today's search engines, where a user aims to better understand complex concepts. Query expansions techniques have been widely used in exploratory search. However, query expansions often recommend queries that differ from the user's search intentions due to different contexts. Yet, many of users' needs could be addressed by asking people via popular Community Question Answering (CQA) services. In this paper, we investigate query expansion techniques for exploratory search using the resources of CQA to discover the user's search intentions. Specifically, we denote the explicit intuition as the subtopic that supports the user's exploratory task. We propose the method CqaQuExp to mine the subtopics, which mainly contains three subtask: Question retrieval, where we extract the questions and corresponding answers from CQA; subtopic mining, where we discover the subtopics based on the extracted information; Candidate concepts discovery, where we select the candidate concepts from the discovered subtopics for query expansion. Experimental results on real-world data from Yahoo! Answers demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Herbivore damage to sagebrush induces resistance in wild tobacco: evidence for eavesdropping between plants

Whether plants respond to cues produced by neighbors has been a topic of much debate. Recent evidence suggests that wild tobacco plants transplanted near experimentally clipped sagebrush neighbors suffer less leaf herbivory than tobacco controls with unclipped neighbors. Here we expand these results by showing evidence for induced resistance in naturally rooted tobacco when sagebrush neighbors are clipped either with scissors or damaged with actual herbivores. Tobacco plants with sagebrush neighbors clipped in both ways had enhanced activity levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), a chemical marker of induced resistance in many solanaceous plants. Eavesdropping was found for plants that were naturally rooted, although only when sagebrush and tobacco grew within 10 cm of each other. Although tobacco with clipped neighbors experienced reduced herbivory, tobacco that grew close to sagebrush had lower production of capsules than plants that grew far from sagebrush. When neighboring tobacco rather than sagebrush was clipped, neither levels of PPO nor levels of leaf damage to tobacco were affected. Eavesdropping on neighboring sagebrush, but not neighboring tobacco, may result from plants using a jasmonate signaling system. These results indicate that plants eavesdrop in nature and that this behavior can increase resistance to herbivory although it does not necessarily increase plant fitness.
Nonlinear supersymmetry for spectral design in quantum mechanics

A nonlinear (polynomial, N-fold) SUSY approach to preparation of quantum systems with pre-planned spectral properties is reviewed. The full classification of ladder-reducible and irreducible chains of SUSY algebras in one-dimensional QM is given. Possible extensions of SUSY in one dimension are described. They include (no more than) N = 2 extended SUSY with two nilpotent SUSY charges which generate the hidden symmetry acting as a central charge. Embedding stationary quantum systems into a non-stationary SUSY QM is shown to yield new insight into quantum orbits and into spectrum generating algebras.
CloudOpt: Multi-goal optimization of application deployments across a cloud

CloudOpt is a comprehensive approach to find optimal deployments for large service centers and clouds. It uses a combination of bin-packing, mixed integer programming and performance models to make decisions affecting diverse and strongly interacting goals, including satisfaction of different service level agreements for many different applications (involving response time, workload, throughput), host memory requirements and availability, license costs and power consumption. It is scalable and extendable to new objectives.
The hepatotoxicity of antifungal medications in bone marrow transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Systemic antifungal medications can be lifesaving but can also have important toxicities. With a number of new antifungal drugs being introduced, there is a compelling need to define the toxicities associated with existing therapies. METHODS We identified cases of hepatotoxicity among patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation and selected matched control subjects from the same population. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to control for patient characteristics in evaluating the relationship between hepatotoxicity and exposure to antifungal medications. Follow-up analyses were performed for patients who continued receiving antifungal medications after developing hepatotoxicity. RESULTS The unadjusted incidence of hepatotoxicity was 0.78 cases per 100 patient-days of exposure to amphotericin deoxycholate, 0.98 for fluconazole, and 1.50 for liposomal amphotericin B. Case-control analyses found that liposomal amphotericin B was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of hepatotoxicity in these patients (odds ratio [OR], 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-6.88); a smaller increase in risk was found for fluconazole (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.21-3.26). There was no statistically significant association between amphotericin B deoxycholate and the development of hepatotoxicity. Patients had greater elevations of serum transaminase values associated with exposure to larger cumulative doses of liposomal amphotericin B. In the follow-up analysis of patients who developed hepatotoxicity and who continued receiving antifungal medication, one-third of those receiving liposomal amphotericin B had marked increases in bilirubin levels, as opposed to 8% of patients treated with fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS In these bone marrow transplant recipients, liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole were both associated with increased risk of hepatotoxicity, independent of other treatments received or patient characteristics; the magnitude of the risk was larger for liposomal amphotericin B. Patients who develop hepatotoxicity appear to tolerate continued therapy with fluconazole, but a large fraction of those who received liposomal amphotericin B have worsening conditions with continued treatment.
Progressive aphasia with rapidly progressive dementia in a 49 year old woman

This 49 year old woman was referred to the Neurology Department in November 1994. Poor memory and speech difficulty had been present for about 18 months. She noticed an inability to remember the names of common household objects. In addition she complained of forgetting people’s names, and noted that her speech was more hesitant, with a stammer. She could not decide what to choose from restaurant menus, she had become increasingly muddled when presented with new information or new tasks, and at times became agitated, restless, and unsettled. She had become more emotionally labile, becoming tearful at the slightest upset. She had no other symptoms. Hypertension had recently been diagnosed, and she was taking an antihypertensive drug and hormone replacement therapy for perimenopausal symptoms. There was no family history of neurological disorder. She ran her own business as a photographer. She was a non-smoker and drank about two units of alcohol a day. On examination, there were no cardiovascular abnormalities. Blood pressure was 180/100. On testing higher cortical function, her speech was somewhat rambling and hesitant with word finding difficulty. Serial sevens were poor and she could not remember the name of the prime minister. In addition she had poor knowledge of current affairs and could not interpret proverbs appropriately. Cranial nerve examination was normal, there were no primitive reflexes, and the rest of the neurological examination was normal. Initial investigations were undertaken. The following blood tests were normal: full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, B12, folate, urea and electrolytes, glucose, liver function, thyroid function, lipids, serum immunoglobulins, vanereal disease research laboratory test, and serum copper. Brain CT and MRI were normal, as was the chest radiography. A SPECT cerebral perfusion (fig 1) disclosed markedly reduced perfusion in the left temporal and parietal and right posterior parietal regions. …
Overview of the ImageCLEF 2015 Medical Classification Task

This articles describes the ImageCLEF 2015 Medical Clas-sification task. The task contains several subtasks that all use a dataset of figures from the biomedical open access literature (PubMed Cen-tral). Particularly compound figures are targeted that are frequent inthe literature. For more detailed information analysis and retrieval it isimportant to extract targeted information from the compound figures.The proposed tasks include compound figure detection (separating com-pound from other figures), multi–label classification (define all sub typespresent), figure separation (find boundaries of the subfigures) and modal-ity classification (detecting the figure type of each subfigure). The tasksare described with the participation of international research groups inthe tasks. The results of the participants are then described and analysedto identify promising techniques.
Cognitive channel combination multi-channel MAC protocol

With the flourishing development of wideband wireless communication, wireless spectrum resource gets scarcer. But on the other hand, spectrum utilization is inefficient because of current static spectrum allocation. In the paper, channel combination technology is applied in cognitive multi-channel MAC protocol to improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization, and propose Cognitive Channel combination Multi-Channel MAC Protocol (CCC-MMAC). Base on the Bernoulli model, the saturation throughput of CCC-MMAC is analyzed. From the analytical result, CCC-MMAC can realize better saturation throughput and fairness.
Genetic regulation of cold-induced albinism in the maize inbred line A661

In spite of multiple studies elucidating the regulatory pathways controlling chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic activity, little is known about the molecular mechanism regulating cold-induced chlorosis in higher plants. Herein the characterization of the maize inbred line A661 which shows a cold-induced albino phenotype is reported. The data show that exposure of seedlings to low temperatures during early leaf biogenesis led to chlorophyll losses in this inbred. A661 shows a high plasticity, recovering resting levels of photosynthesis activity when exposed to optimal temperatures. Biochemical and transcriptome data indicate that at suboptimal temperatures chlorophyll could not be fully accommodated in the photosynthetic antenna in A661, remaining free in the chloroplast. The accumulation of free chlorophyll activates the expression of an early light inducible protein (elip) gene which binds chlorophyll to avoid cross-reactions that could lead to the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species. Higher levels of the elip transcript were observed in plants showing a cold-induced albino phenotype. Forward genetic analysis reveals that a gene located on the short arm of chromosome 2 regulates this protective mechanism.
Optimizing search engine revenue in sponsored search

Displaying sponsored ads alongside the search results is a key monetization strategy for search engine companies. Since users are more likely to click ads that are relevant to their query, it is crucial for search engine to deliver the right ads for the query and the order in which they are displayed. There are several works investigating on how to learn a ranking function to maximize the number of ad clicks. In this paper, we address a new revenue optimization problem and aim to answer the question: how to construct a ranking model that can deliver high quality ads to the user as well as maximize search engine revenue? We introduce two novel methods from di fferent machine learning perspectives, and both of them take the revenue component into careful considerations. The algorithms are built upon the click-through log data with real ad clicks and impressions. The extensively experimental results verify the proposed algorithm that can produce more revenue than other methods as well as avoid losing relevance accuracy. To provide deep insight into the importance of each feature to search engine revenue, we extract twelve basic features from four categories. The experimental study provides a feature ranking list according to the revenue benefit of each feature.
An environment for mophosyntactic processing of unrestricted Spanish text

We present in this paper a fast, broad-coverage, accurate morphological analyzer for Spanish words, MACO+, which is an extended and improved version of that described in (Acebo et al., 1994). The earlier version had two main aws: it was not transportable, and it was too slow to enable massive text processing. The presented system not only overcomes those two aws, but also ooers improved coverage and accuracy. We also present two general part-of-speech taggers, which can be used to disambiguate the output of the morphological analyzer. All modules run in any Unix/Linux machine as a pipeline process and they may also be used inside the GATE environment for NLP (Cunningham et al., 1996). The system is currently being used to annotate the LexEsp corpus, a 5.5 million word corpus of Spanish, in a bootstrapping reening procedure. Initial evaluation and results are reported.
Changes in Parents' Stress as Their Children Become Adolescents: A Validation of the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents

Copyright 2009 by Psi Chi, The International Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 14, No. 3/ISSN 1089-4136) Being a parent is stressful. Many demands are placed on parents today at home, at work, and at children’s extra-curricular activities. Family functioning is greatly infl uenced by parents’ ability to meet the many demands placed upon them both inside and outside of their parenting roles (McCubbin and Patterson, 1983). Parenting stress may come directly from issues with the child, such as child characteristics (e.g. distractibility, temperament, demandingness; Abidin, 1983), and physical care requirements; or from the parenting role itself, such as from restrictions caused by the parenting role, the ability of the parents to take care of their own needs, and strains in the marital relationship. Parenting stress issues change with the maturing child. For example, childhood issues focus on direct care demands, whereas adolescence requires accepting increased demands for independence. With adolescents parents must cope with the adolescents’ ability to independently make wise life decisions in terms of goals, the people they choose to relate with, how they choose to spend their free time away from them unsupervised, and the ways they interact in the world. Allowing and accepting this independence may cause signifi cant stress for parents of adolescents (Sheras, Abidin, & Konold, 1998). McCubbin and Patterson’s (1983) Double ABCX Theory of Family Stress suggests that it isn’t necessarily a single event that causes stress for parents, as much as many demands that pile up and overextend the resources available to the family. An event or pileup of events (Factor A), creates stress for the family to the extent that it exceeds the family’s available resources (Factor B) to overcome the stressor and prevent a crisis from occurring. The perception of the ability to use available resources (Factor C), along with the family meaning assigned to the stressor, and behavioral responses to the stressor all combine to determine the outcome (Factor X) of the stressor upon the family. Demand-resource imbalance can result in dysfunctional family responses to stress depending on the nature of Changes in Parents’ Stress as Their Children Become Adolescents: A Validation of the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents
Disparity-based view morphing—a new technique for image-based rendering

This paper proposes a new powerful technique for image-based rendering, i.e., the disparity morphing technique. The disparity morphing depends on the estimated disparity map for each image pair based on the epipolar geometry. The epipolar constraints can not only speed up the searching of correspondences for disparity estimation, but also improve the accuracy of the estimated disparity maps. Then the forward and backward morphing functions are defined based on the estimated disparity maps. Notice that the forward and backward morphing functions are usually not linear and not similar to the traditional image morphing functions. Finally, the interpolation function is defined to deal with the object occlusion problems correctly. The resulted transition views are almost the same as what viewers can see in the real world. For object movie systems, the disparity morph&g can generate interpolated views between two or more viewing directions. For panoramic imaging systems, the disparity morphing can generate views having smooth and realistic transition as viewers walk from one viewpoint to another. Also, it can help to stitch seamless stereo and monocular panoramas, even when the lens center does not lie on the rotation axis. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. 01998 ACM l-58113-019-8/ 98/ 0011/%5.00
Recognition and Killing of Autologous, Primary Glioblastoma Tumor Cells by Human Cytomegalovirus pp65-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells

Purpose: Despite aggressive conventional therapy, glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly lethal. Immunotherapy, in which the immune system is harnessed to specifically attack malignant cells, offers a treatment option with less toxicity. The expression of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens in GBM presents a unique opportunity to target these viral proteins for tumor immunotherapy. Although the presence of CMV within malignant gliomas has been confirmed by several laboratories, its relevance as an immunologic target in GBM has yet to be established. The objective of this study was to explore whether T cells stimulated by CMV pp65 RNA-transfected dendritic cells (DC) target and eliminate autologous GBM tumor cells in an antigen-specific manner. Experimental Design: T cells from patients with GBM were stimulated with autologous DCs pulsed with CMV pp65 RNA, and the function of the effector CMV pp65-specific T cells was measured. Results: In this study, we demonstrate the ability to elicit CMV pp65-specific immune responses in vitro using RNA-pulsed autologous DCs generated from patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Importantly, CMV pp65-specific T cells lyse autologous, primary GBM tumor cells in an antigen-specific manner. Moreover, T cells expanded in vitro using DCs pulsed with total tumor RNA demonstrated a 10- to 20-fold expansion of CMV pp65-specific T cells as assessed by tetramer analysis and recognition and killing of CMV pp65-expressing target cells. Conclusion: These data collectively demonstrate that CMV-specific T cells can effectively target glioblastoma tumor cells for immunologic killing and support the rationale for the development of CMV-directed immunotherapy in patients with GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2684–94. ©2014 AACR.
An analysis of self-identified speculative investors

Abstract A major survey of gamblers in the province of Ontario was reanalyzed to determine the characteristics of those respondents who identified themselves as speculative investors. Logistic regression analysis indicates that, compared to other gamblers, members of this group are more likely to be male, have a high family income, be an active gambler, and have a higher level of education. Higher frequencies of gambling-related problems were found in this group, but it was not possible to determine to what extent this was due to the presence of speculative investing. The prevalence of problem gamblers in the general population who are also speculative investors is estimated to be low compared to other gamblers.
STSM Scientific Report

The purpose of this short scientific mission was to initiate a joint UST and UPC research work focusing on QoS management in OBS networks. Particularly, a framework for QoS management architecture have been discussed and proposed during the stay in Stuttgart. The main stress was put on definition of Classes of Quality (CoQ) for OBS networks and performance evaluation of selected QoS mechanisms. The problem of routing in OBS networks that initially had not been included into the STSM workplan has emerged in Stuttgart. Further collaboration on this topic has been initiated.