Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems

It is supposed that a region within an isotropic elastic solid undergoes a spontaneous change of form which, if the surrounding material were absent, would be some prescribed homogeneous deformation. Because of the presence of the surrounding material stresses will be present both inside and outside the region. The resulting elastic field may be found very simply with the help of a sequence of imaginary cutting, straining and welding operations. In particular, if the region is an ellipsoid the strain inside it is uniform and may be expressed in terms of tabulated elliptic integrals. In this case a further problem may be solved. An ellipsoidal region in an infinite medium has elastic constants different from those of the rest of the material; how does the presence of this inhomogeneity disturb an applied stress-field uniform at large distances? It is shown that to answer several questions of physical or engineering interest it is necessary to know only the relatively simple elastic field inside the ellipsoid.
Complex Critical Exponents from Renormalization Group Theory of Earthquakes: Implications for Earthquake Predictions

Several authors have proposed discrete renormalization group models of earthquakes, viewing them as a kind of dynamical critical phenomena. Here, we propose that the assumed discrete scale invariance stems from the irreversible and intermittent nature of rupture which ensures a breakdown of translational invariance. As a consequence, we show that the renormalization group entails complex critical exponents, describing log-periodic corrections to the leading scaling behavior. We use the mathematical form of this solution to fit the time to failure dependence of the Benioff strain on the approach of large earthquakes. This might provide a new technique for earthquake prediction for which we present preliminary tests on the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in northern California and on a recent build-up of seismic activity on a segment of the Aleutian-Island seismic zone. The earthquake phenomenology of precursory phenomena such as the causal sequence of quiescence and foreshocks is captured by the general structure of the mathematical solution of the renormalization group
MULTISCALE MODELING FOR AMORPHOUS MATERIALS — MAPPING ATOMISTIC DISPLACEMENTS TO MACROSCOPIC DEFORMATION

A method to relate the displacements of atoms within a representative volume element (RVE) of amorphous material to the deformation of the RVE is presented. The displacement relationship is expressed as a mapping matrix, T, which operates on the displacements of representative points in the RVE to return the atom displacements within it. While the mapping operation has the same mathematical form as an interpolation operation, the T matrix is not an interpolant. It is derived taking into account atom displacements in amorphous materials which cannot be simplified as a continuous, much less homogenous, field. It is shown that the computational domain of a material can be partitioned into nonintersecting sub-domains comprising representative cells — pseudo-amorphous cells (PAC) — and sub-domains of atoms for concurrent multiscale simulations of amorphous materials through the T matrix. Multiscale simulations of nanoindentation on a polymer substrate using the T matrix show good agreement with pure molecular mechanics simulations. When homogenization techniques commonly used for crystalline materials were employed for the same simulations, they gave much less accurate predictions.
CXXII. Ultrasonic attenuation in metals

Abstract The attenuation of ultrasonic waves by conduction electrons is analysed in terms of the free-electron model of a metal. At such low frequencies that the electronic free path is smaller than the wavelength, the result obtained agrees with that found by other authors using simpler concepts, but this agreement breaks down when the free path becomes comparable with or larger than the wavelength. At very high frequencies the attenuation of longitudinal waves increases in proportion to the frequency without limit, while that of transverse waves tends to a constant value. The drop in attenuation observed when a metal becomes superconducting is shown to present quite serious problems of interpretation, and tentative suggestions are made as to possible explanations.
The Thermodynamic and Microphysical Evolution of an Intense Snowband during the Northeast U.S. Blizzard of 8–9 February 2013

AbstractAn intense snowband developed across Long Island, New York, to the north and west of the surface cyclone center on 8–9 February 2013. The snowband evolved through three distinct phases during its 12-h lifetime. During phase 1 the band developed in an area of low-to-midlevel frontogenesis and pivoted over central Long Island and southern Connecticut, where it remained for approximately 10 h. The environment surrounding the snowband cooled to <0°C; however, the band was collocated with a 900–700-hPa layer that remained above 0°C for ~5 h. During phase 2 the band exhibited heavy snowfall rates exceeding 7.5–10 cm h−1 with large and aggregated snow, wet-growth hail-like particles, and a radar reflectivity of ~55 dBZ. About 1 h later during phase 3, the snowband reflectivity decreased to near 30 dBZ and was characterized by less dense snow in a colder environment while still maintaining heavy snowfall rates (6.5–6.7 cm h−1). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was used to analyze the band .
Comparison of dielectric materials for the activation of a macro-scale hinge configuration

While much of the research on dielectric elastomer actuators used to concentrate on VHB 4910 as dielectric material, lately many new, specifically developed materials have come into focus. The acrylic VHB has been thoroughly characterized in a macro-scale agonist-antagonist configuration on an active hinge. This was carried out with the aim of using it on an airship, which was activated, undulating body and a fin and thus propelled in a fish-like manner. The concept was proved in flight, but still lifetime and viscosity of the actuators and the time-costing fabrication due to the necessary large pre-stretches of the dielectric membrane caused severe inconveniences. In order to evaluate the usability of other materials for this specific purpose, two other materials, a corrugated silicone with silver electrodes (by PolyPower) and an acrylic with interpenetrating network (IPN) developed by Pei et al. were characterized under similar conditions. The influence of the material on performance and design of the actuators and the conclusions for the use of the materials on the airship (and on applications with similar performance requirements) are presented.
Computation of gravity and magnetic anomalies due to inhomogeneous distribution of magnetization and density in a localized region

Analytical expressions in the form of a convolution of two functions have been derived for the gravity and magnetic anomalies due to inhomogeneous distribution of magnetization and density in a localized region. These expressions show explicitly that the anomalies are completely determined by the divergence of magnetization and the first vertical derivative of density. It is thus analytically established that when a body with uniform magnetization or density is considered, the impulsive change in the physical property of the rock mass at the boundary of the body is responsible for generating an anomalous magnetic or gravity field. These properties are utilized to derive efficient algorithms for computing gravity and magnetic anomalies. An example is given to demonstrate the usefulness of the derived algorithm in computing the anomaly due to magnetization of an irregularly shaped topography.
Integrating micro- and nanoelectrodes into atomic force microscopy cantilevers using focused ion beam techniques

This paper concerns a scanning probe capable of simultaneously measuring topography and local electrochemistry at a sample surface. Our approach ensures the distance regulation of the electrode by maintaining a fixed working distance between the probe and the sample surface independent from the electrochemical response. This is achieved by integrating micro- and nanoelectrodes into atomic force microscopy tips using focused ion beam techniques. The feasibility and functionality of the fully featured tip is demonstrated by a simultaneous topographical and electrochemical measurement of a porous polymer membrane as model surface.
Robust logistic diagnostic for the identification of high leverage points in logistic regression model

High leverage points are observations that have outlying values in covariate space. In logistic regression model, the identification of high leverage points becomes essential due to their gross effects on the parameter estimates. Currently, the distance from the mean diagnostic method is used to identify the high leverage points. The main limitation of the distance from the mean diagnostic method is that it tends to swamp some low leverage points even though it can identify the high leverage points correctly. In this study, we propose a new diagnostic method for the identification of high leverage points. Robust approach is firstly used to identify suspected high leverage points by computing the robust mahalanobis distance based on minimum volume ellipsoid or minimum covariance determinant estimators. For confirmation, the diagnostic procedure is used by computing the group deleted potential. We called this proposed diagnostic method the robust logistic diagnostic. The performance of the proposed diagnostic method is then investigated through real examples and monte carlo simulation study. The result of this study indicates that the proposed diagnostic method ensures only correct high leverage points are identified and free from swamping and masking effects.
Prediction of disruptions on ASDEX Upgrade using discriminant analysis

In this paper, a set of simple predictive criteria, each optimized for a given type of disruption, is explored. Disruptions that occurred in the years from 2005 to 2009 in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak are classified into several types in a first step. Then, discriminant analysis is used as the main approach to the disruption prediction and a log-linear discriminant function, constructed with five global plasma parameters that have been selected from an initial group of ten variables, is derived for the edge cooling disruptions. The function is tested off-line over 308 discharges and is shown to work reliably. It describes a clear dependence of the disruption boundary on the plasma parameters.
Filamentation instability of large-amplitude Alfven waves

An instability that leads to the filamentation of large-amplitude Alfven waves and gives rise to purely growing density and magnetic field fluctuations is studied. The dispersion relation of the instability is derived, from which the threshold conditions and the growth rates of the instability are analyzed quantitatively for applications to the solar wind plasma. We have examined their dependence on the filamentation spectrum, the plasma . beta. , and the pump frequency and intensity for both right-hand and left-hand circularly polarized Alfven waves. The excitation of filamentation instability for certain cases of interest is discussed and compared with that of the parametric decay and modulation instability. The relevance of the proposed instability with some observations is discussed. copyright American Geophysical Union 1988
Sulfonated Polyamide Based IPMCs

In this study, we introduce a newly developed Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) family that is manufactured using a novel ionic exchange membrane-a randomly sulfonated fluoropoly(ether amide) (TFIPA-90)-as the base material. The thermal behavior and mechanical properties of the ionic polymer were probed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Electrochemical properties and the actuation performance of the TFIPA-90 based IPMCs were also investigated in this study. The stiffness of the TFIPA polymer was significantly higher than that of Nafion® and much noted at high temperatures (>100 oC). The thermal behavior of the TFIPA polymer also showed better stability than Nafion(R) at high temperatures due to the more rigid chemical structure of the ionomer. As an actuator, a new IPMC prepared from TFIPA-90 showed improved performance with rapid response time to the electric field and a large bending displacement. The TFIPA-based IPMC may be useful for microwave-driven robotic applications.
Gauge groups and Poisson brackets for interacting particles and fields

A construction by Marsden and Weinstein is described for a Poisson bracket structure on the space of physical variables for the Maxwell‐Vlasov equations. The coupling of the plasma and electromagnetic fields, which appears in the Poisson structure rather than the hamiltonian, is produced by the action of the gauge group on the uncoupled phase spaces of matter and fields. Other examples of coupling by the gauge group are given, including an application to the Maxwell‐Schrodinger equation.
Semi-Supervised Classification on Evolutionary Data

In this paper, we consider semi-supervised classification on evolutionary data, where the distribution of the data and the underlying concept that we aim to learn change over time due to short-term noises and long-term drifting, making a single aggregated classifier inapplicable for long-term classification. The drift is smooth if we take a localized view over the time dimension, which enables us to impose temporal smoothness assumption for the learning algorithm. We first discuss how to carry out such assumption using temporal regularizers defined in a structural way with respect to the Hilbert space, and then derive the online algorithm that efficiently finds the closed-form solution to the classification functions. Experimental results on real-world evolutionary mailing list data demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms classical semi-supervised learning algorithms in both algorithmic stability and classification accuracy.
DISTANCES TO CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES BY MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD

Une methode d'estimation des distances des amas de galaxies, utilisant la methode du maximum d'entropie, est developpee a partir de la position angulaire, du diametre apparent et du redshift des galaxies. Une application numerique aux amas de la Vierge et de la Coma est realisee
Boundary-Layer Transition Experiment During Reentry of HIFiRE-1

The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation program is a hypersonic flight test program. It successfully measured the three-dimensional transition front on a cone at angle of attack in hypersonic flight during its reentry. The test article consisted of a nonablating, 7 deg half-angle, axisymmetric cone with a small bluntness of 2.5 mm radius. During transition, angle of attack dropped from 13 to 5 deg and freestream unit Reynolds number increased from 2×106 to 8×106/m. Mach number during this time was approximately seven. Earliest transition, determined from fluctuating pressures, occurred on the leeward meridian, at Rex=3.1×106, α=13 deg, and M=7. Attachment line transition occurred at Rex=4.7×106, α=9 deg, and M=7. The latest transition occurred off the windward meridian at Rex=6.0×106 and Φ=30 and 280 deg. Transition occurred at lower Reynolds numbers than the α=0 deg transition measured during ascent (Rex=11×106 at M=5.2). The azimuthally averaged transition Reynolds number determi.
The transcription factors ActR and SoxR differentially affect the phenazine tolerance of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Bacteria in soils encounter redox‐active compounds, such as phenazines, that can generate oxidative stress, but the mechanisms by which different species tolerate these compounds are not fully understood. Here, we identify two transcription factors, ActR and SoxR, that play contrasting yet complementary roles in the tolerance of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens to phenazines. We show that ActR promotes phenazine tolerance by proactively driving expression of a more energy‐efficient terminal oxidase at the expense of a less efficient alternative, which may affect the rate at which phenazines abstract electrons from the electron transport chain (ETC) and thereby generate reactive oxygen species. SoxR, on the other hand, responds to phenazines by inducing expression of several efflux pumps and redox‐related genes, including one of three copies of superoxide dismutase and five novel members of its regulon that could not be computationally predicted. Notably, loss of ActR is far more detrimental than loss of SoxR at low concentrations of phenazines, and also increases dependence on the otherwise functionally redundant SoxR‐regulated superoxide dismutase. Our results thus raise the intriguing possibility that the composition of an organism's ETC may be the driving factor in determining sensitivity or tolerance to redox‐active compounds.
Rural Latino health and the built environment: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: This study systematically reviewed literature examining the influence of the rural built environment on Latinos’ health outcomes and behaviour in the United States. A secondary aim of the study was to identify strategies developed to address challenges in the rural built environment affecting Latinos’ health. Design: This study followed the reporting guidelines set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Articles included in the final analysis clearly linked Latino health outcomes to characteristics of the rural built environment. Results: Of the nearly 2,500 articles identified in the initial search, the final review included approximately 146 full-text sources. The majority of the articles focused on aspects of Latinos’ physical (n = 68), behavioural (n = 43), and mental health (n = 23). Conclusions: Rural Latino neighbourhoods in the United States possess limited access to health care, internet, transportation, and recreation infrastructure, which negatively impacts health outcomes and behaviours. Strategies developed to mitigate these issues include but are not limited to: the use of telecommunications to distribute health information; the use of community health workers and mobile clinics to increase awareness and availability of select health services; the use of worksite trainings and adaptations to the workplace; and the promotion of safety net programmes, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). This review supports the need for a more robust research agenda documenting the health experiences of rural Latinos of various nationalities, age groups, and genders.
Magnetic behavior of negative and nearly zero magnetostrictive glass-covered amorphous wires

Results on the magnetic behavior and properties of negative and nearly zero magnetostrictive amorphous glass-covered magnetic wires and on their changes determined by glass removal, applied tensile stresses, and annealing are reported. The experimental data allow the explanation of their specific magnetic behavior as emerging from the changes produced in the domain structure by these factors. The similarity in behavior between negative and nearly zero magnetostrictive glass-covered wires is due to the very high values of internal stresses induced during preparation.
Calibrating Ultracool Atmospheres with Benchmark Companions from WISE+2MASS

Abstract The complexities of ultracool atmospheres are best confronted by observations of ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) with well known physical properties (luminosity, mass, Teff, log(g), [M/H]), so-called “benchmark objects. ” We present two discoveries from a new WISE+2MASS search for benchmark wide companions to Hipparcos and Gliese stars. This survey combination provides a powerful tool to confirm new companions using color-magnitude and common proper motion selections, and also yield full NIR-MIR measurements of the ultracool emission. These primary companions are providing important constraints on the age and composition of the benchmark brown dwarf, and the new discoveries add to our growing population of benchmarks that is providing crucial tests of ultracool physics.
Ligacoes intermediarias e representacao perspícua em Wittgenstein

The notion of intermediate links, which reveal themselves through comparisons between language games, indicates the very objects of incidence of conceptual investigation – whose context of pertinent elements is continuously expanded by Wittgenstein. In its negative operation, such notion is prophylactic against the philosophical attitude of searching for an ultimate and definitive ground for the problem of the form of presentation. In its negative operation, it is the conceptual tool that will allow for the crucial step of relativising the closed propositional systems. But perhaps the full reach of the use of 'intermediate links' is shown when we inquire whether the diversity of panoramic scenes of the perspicuous mode of presentation of concepts – whose outline makes up the bulk of the philosophical “new method” proposed by Wittgenstein – more than including intermediary cases, in an adventitious fashion, is constituted by these
Classical and quantal supersymmetric Liouville theory

The classical supersymmetric Liouville theory is shown to be invariant under the supersymmetric extension of the conformal group. Lax pair and Baaumlcklund transformations are derived and the general classical solution is obtained. The isotropy group for every solution is constant on the solution manifold and equal to an N = 1 conformal supersymmetry. For the quantum theory, the effective potential is computed exactly. The spectrum of the theory is continuous, bounded from below by zero, but no translationally invariant ground state exists. Translation invariance may be broken without the appearance of a Goldstone boson, and a consistent perturbation theory in the coupling constant is obtained. The constant N = 1 supersymmetry is also broken to a constant N = (1/2) supersymmetry, and no Goldstone fermion arises. Space is spontaneously reduced to the half-line. The N = 1 conformal supersymmetry remains exact to all orders of perturbation theory.
Combined correlation estimation of axial displacement in optical coherence elastography: assessment of axial displacement sensitivity performance relative to existing methods

A combined correlation method is introduced to optical coherence elastography for axial displacement estimation. Its performance is compared with that of amplitude correlation tracking and phase shift estimation. Relative sensitivities to small (sub-micron), and large (pixel-scale) axial displacements are analysed for a Perspex test object and gelatine phantom. The combined correlation method exhibited good overall performance, with a larger dynamic range than phase shift estimation and higher sensitivity than amplitude correlation tracking.
Columnar eddy formation in freely decaying homogeneous rotating turbulence

The roles of the Coriolis force and the convection associated with the fluid motion in the formation of columnar eddies in freely decaying homogeneous rotating turbulence at a moderate Rossby number are studied by direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations in a periodic box. The simulated field is compared with a series of artificial fields generated by switching off the nonlinear and viscous terms in the Navier–Stokes equation at given instants. The comparison shows that, without the nonlinear convection effect, the Coriolis force cannot sustain the substantial growth in the direction parallel to the rotational axis of the length scale defined on the basis of the two-point correlation of the square of the vorticity, i.e. cannot sustain the formation of the columnar eddies. The length scale characterizes well the intuitive impression from visualization of flow obeying the dynamics with or without the nonlinear effect. It is shown that the lack of substantial growth is insensitive to the scale of the eddies, the box size and viscosity, at least in the case studied here.