Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smoking behaviour in pregnancy and its impact on smoking cessation at various intervals during follow‐up over 21 years: a prospective cohort study

Please cite this paper as: Rattan D, Mamun A, Najman J, Williams G, Doi S. Smoking behaviour in pregnancy and its impact on smoking cessation at various intervals during follow‐up over 21 years: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2013;120:288–296
GENETIC BASIS OF MASTITIS RESISTANCE IN CATTLE

Mastitis is one of the most important diseases affecting production in dairy cattle. Control strategies against mastitis such as antibiotic therapy, vaccination, improvement of farm and feeding management have met with little success. Genetic variability of mastitis resistance is well established by several independent studies in different breeds of dairy cattle. Usage of somatic cell count or clinical mastitis as an indicator for selection, to produce genetically mastitis resistant animal have led to limited achievement. This is due to polygenic control of mastitis where many genes are involved. Polygenic nature of this trait projected the need for exploring candidate genes responsible for mastitis resistance. The wisdom about genetic basis of mastitis resistant would aid us in producing future herd with genetically mastitis resistant animals.
Understanding the ownership structure choices of Finnish firms in Asian countries

This study, empirically investigates how the ownership‐specific variables, location‐specific variables and strategic motives have influenced the ownership structure choices of Finnish manufacturing firms in ten South and south‐east Asian countries from 1980 to 2000. Very few studies in FDIs have been undertaken so far to empirically analyze the ownership‐specific and location‐specific variables together with the strategic motives in order to understand the ownership structure choices of the investing firms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study trying to analyze how the ownership‐specific variables, location‐specific variables, and strategic motives have influenced the ownership structure choices of Finnish manufacturing FDIs in Asian countries. The research results indicate that large international experience, low cultural distance, large market size, and high levels of economic welfare in the target country increases the probability of choosing wholly owned subsidiary (WOS) in order to undertake market‐seeking and efficiency‐seeking FDIs. Similarly, it has also been found that low levels of risks in the target country increases the probability to choose WOS in order to undertake risk‐reduction seeking FDIs.
¿Por qué las campañas? Las elecciones europeas de 2014 en España

Los resultados de las elecciones europeas celebradas el pasado año supusieron importantes cambios para el sistema de partidos, pero también para el comportamiento electoral de los ciudadanos, y en consecuencia, para la construcción de los diferentes segmentos de votantes que apoyaron a las diferentes formaciones políticas. Una construcción en la cual la campaña electoral parece haber marcado ciertas diferencias, especialmente, para los partidos y/o coaliciones emergentes; que han visto en ella y en la propia lógica electoral de estos comicios, una estructura de oportunidad para la conformación de electorados que puedan permitirles competir en próximos contextos. Por ello, intentaremos desgranar en este trabajo el perfil de los diferentes grupos de votantes atendiendo no sólo a elementos clásicos, sino también y sobre todo, al contexto que supuso la campaña electoral.
Evaluation of Nursing Documentation Completion of Stroke Patients in the Emergency Department: A Pre-Post Analysis Using Flowsheet Templates and Clinical Decision Support

The primary aim of this performance improvement project was to determine whether the electronic health record implementation of stroke-specific nursing documentation flowsheet templates and clinical decision support alerts improved the nursing documentation of eligible stroke patients in seven stroke-certified emergency departments. Two system enhancements were introduced into the electronic record in an effort to improve nursing documentation: disease-specific documentation flowsheets and clinical decision support alerts. Using a pre-post design, project measures included six stroke management goals as defined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and three clinical decision support measures based on entry of orders used to trigger documentation reminders for nursing: (1) the National Institutes of Health’s Stroke Scale, (2) neurological checks, and (3) dysphagia screening. Data were reviewed 6 months prior (n = 2293) and 6 months following the intervention (n = 2588). Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was found for documentation of five of the six stroke management goals, although effect sizes were small. Customizing flowsheets to meet the needs of nursing workflow showed improvement in the completion of documentation. The effects of the decision support alerts on the completeness of nursing documentation were not statistically significant (likely due to lack of order entry). For example, an order for the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was entered only 10.7% of the time, which meant no alert would fire for nursing in the postintervention group. Future work should focus on decision support alerts that trigger reminders for clinicians to place relevant orders for this population.
Delays in Networked Control Systems by Partly Unknown Transition Probabilities of Markovian Chains

This paper is concerned with the problem of H 1 estimation for networked control systems. Time delays and packet dropouts are considered simultaneously. The occurrence probability of each time delay is considered. The packet dropouts have the Bernoulli distributions. The system is modeled as Markovian jump linear systems with partly unknown transition probability. State observer is designed to estimate the practical state with H 1 feature. The estimation problem is cast into a set of linear matrix inequalities. An example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4007973]
History as Reflected in Capital Markets: The Case of World War II

Historical events are reflected in asset prices. We analyze movements in the price of bonds issued by five European governments and traded on the Swiss bourse between 1928 and 1948, with special attention to the war years. Some war events that are generally considered crucial are clearly reflected in government bond prices. This holds, in particular, for the official outbreak of the war and changes in national sovereignty. But other events to which historians attach great importance are not reflected in bond prices, most prominently Germany's capitulation in 1945.
Which Countries Protect Intellectual Property? The Case of Software Piracy

Using data on software piracy, we examine how protection of intellectual property varies across countries. Consistent with other studies, we find that intellectual property receives greater protection in developed economies, high-income countries have lower piracy rates. We also find that protection depends on cultural factors. Countries with an individualist culture have lower piracy rates than do countries with a collectivist culture. Piracy rates are also lower in countries that have strong institutions that enforce contracts and protect property from expropriation. These results suggest that national policies toward intellectual property reflect not only economic concerns but also national culture and institutions. Copyright 2000 by Oxford University Press.
Investing in junk bonds

60 T he Wall Sfreet Journal of April 14, 1989, re5 ported that two academic studies had arrived at widely different percentages for the default rate of junk bonds. Edward Altman [1988] found a maximum annual percentage of 2.1% for the period 1970-1985, while Paul Asquith, D. W. Mullins, and Eric D. Wolff [1989] reported a default rate of 34% for junk bonds issued in 1977 for the period of 1977 to 1988. A default rate of 2.1% seems low, and a 34% rate of default would appear to discourage all but foolhardy investors. My objectives here are to explain the economics of junk bonds and to reconcile more or less the differing findings. 3
Performance of the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) Projects of the Asean Countries

청정개발체제(CDM)는 1997년 교토의정서(Kyoto protocol)를 통해 확립된 온 실가스 배출과 관련된 선진국과 개도국 간 협력 기제의 하나이다. 청정개발체제 는 기본적으로 선진국의 정부 또는 민간조직이 개도국에서 배출감축 프로젝트를 수행하고, CER(Certified Emission Reduction)의 형태로 배출권을 얻는 것을 허 용하고, CER을 자국의 배출감축목표 달성을 위해 사용할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 아세안 국가들의 청정개발 메커니즘의 성취도를 알아보는 데 있으며, 자료는 2010년 10월 15일 현재 유엔기후변화기본협약(UNFCCC)에 등록된 254개 청정개발체제 사업을 대상으로 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과, 전체 254개 사업 중 20%만이 탄소배출권을 받은 것으로 나 타났으며, 실제 탄소배출권의 총량은 650만 톤이지만, 이는 전체 사업계획서에 반영된 양의 15%에 불과한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 아세안 국가의 CDM사업 과 관련된 장애 요인으로서는 (1)사업 등록과 탄소배출권 승인 간 시간 격차가 존재하고, (2) 사업계획과 실제 승인량에 차이가 나타나며, (3) 특히 소규모 사 * Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization, Department of Agriculture(DA-PhilMech), Philippines. e-mail: kitgragasin@yahoo.com ** Dep’t of Regional Development, Hyupsung University, South Korea. Corresponding author. e-mai: kosc@uhs.ac. kr 148 Michael A. Gragasin⋅Soon Chul Ko / Performance of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Projects of the Asean Countries 업의 경우 높은 거래 비용 때문에 등록 후 배출승인을 신청하지 않고 있는 것으 로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 아세안국가들이 CDM사업을 수행하는 데 있어서 선진국들의 주요 파트너가 되고 있지만, 실제로 사업을 통한 탄소배출량 은 제한적일 수 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 일부 아세안 국가에서 교토의정서에 따라 자체적으로 탄소배출감축을 시도하고 있음을 고려할 때, 자체적인 CDM의 성공적인 경영, 수행, 운영을 위해 더 많은 선진국들의 협력과 지원이 주어질 필요가 있다. 주요어(key words): 청정개발체제(CDM), 탄소배출감축(CER)
Using the axis of rotation of polar navigator echoes to rapidly measure 3D rigid‐body motion

An improved technique to prospectively correct three‐dimensional rigid‐body motion using polar spherical navigator (pNAV) echoes is presented. The technique is based on acquiring pNAVs of an object in a baseline and rotated position and determining the axis of rotation (AOR) between data sets, thereby reducing 3D rotations to a 2D, planar rotation. Finding the AOR is simplified by prerotating the baseline trajectory, which forces the axis to lie within a specific polar region of a spherical shell in k‐space. Orbital navigator echoes are interpolated from the pNAV data in planes orthogonal to the AOR and cross‐correlated to determine the 2D rotation. The rotation about the AOR is used in conjunction with its orientation to calculate the overall 3D rotation. The pNAV‐AOR technique was tested for its precision, accuracy, and processing speed in detecting compound rotations and translations of varying magnitude. In comparison to the spherical navigator echo technique, the pNAV‐AOR technique is noniterative, fast, and independent of rotation magnitude and direction. At low SNR, the technique can detect compound rotations to 0.5° accuracy in an estimated 100 msec, indicating that prospective 3D rigid‐body motion correction may be feasible with this technique. Magn Reson Med 53:150–158, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Call centres’ employment practices in global value networks: A view from Argentina as a receiving economy

The growth of offshored services has brought about an important flux of jobs from developed towards developing countries. In this context, outsourced call centres, with their complex insertion of services across countries and organisations, demonstrate a high potential to create jobs, thus influencing the labour markets of a particular country. However, there are some doubts about the quality, longevity and working conditions that these jobs afford. This article uses the conceptual background of global value chains and global networks in order to analyse the impact of outsourcing and offshoring call centre activities on the employment practices, organisation, management and quality of jobs in the receiving economy of Argentina.
Vector quantization-based automatic detection of pulmonary nodules in thoracic CT images

Computer-aided detection (CADe) of pulmonary nodules from computer tomography (CT) scans is critical for assisting radiologists to identify lung lesions at an early stage. In this paper, we propose a novel CADe system for lung nodule detection based on a vector quantization (VQ) approach. Compared to existing CADe systems, the extraction of lungs from the chest CT image is fully automatic, and the detection and segmentation of initial nodule candidates (INCs) within the lung volume is fast and accurate due to the self-adaptive nature of VQ algorithm. False positives in the detected INCs are reduced by rule-based pruning in combination with a feature-based support vector machine classifier. We validate the proposed approach on 60 CT scans from a publicly available database. Preliminary results show that our CADe system is effective to detect nodules with a sensitivity of 90.53 % at a specificity level of 86.00%.
Plasma citrulline levels in paediatric patients with celiac disease and the effect of a gluten-free diet

Objective Citrulline is a nonprotein amino acid synthesized in the small intestine. The aim of this study isto explore plasma citrulline levels in children with celiac disease (CD) and monitor the time-related changes of these levels after initiation of a gluten-free diet (GFD). Methods Fasting-plasma citrulline levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in (i) 23 patients with CD before the institution of GFD, (ii) 20 patients with CD under treatment for more than 2 years responsive to a GFD, (iii) 10 children with gastrointestinal symptoms and normal small bowel biopsy, and (iv) 20 healthy controls. In group A, citrulline levels were also measured after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months on a GFD. Results Mean plasma citrulline levels were lower in untreated patients with CD (24.5±4.9) than in patients onaGFD (31.2±6.7 &mgr;mol/l, P<0.001), patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and normal intestinal mucosa (30.3±4.7 &mgr;mol/l, P<0.01), and healthy controls (32.4±7.5 &mgr;mol/l, P<0.001). In untreated patients with CD,an inverse correlation was observed between citrulline concentrations and the severity of villous atrophy (r=−0.67, P<0.01). After 1 month on a GFD, patients hadsignificantly higher levels than before diet (P<0.05) and after 3 months on diet, levels were similar to those observed in the healthy controls. Conclusions Plasma citrulline levels are lower in celiacs reflecting small bowel involvement in this disease. After ashort period on GFD, citrulline levels increased rapidly, indicating that citrulline is a sensitive marker of the positiveeffect of GFD on intestinal repair.
Brn3a regulates the transition from neurogenesis to terminal differentiation and represses non‐neural gene expression in the trigeminal ganglion

The POU‐domain transcription factor Brn3a is expressed in developing sensory neurons at all levels of the neural axis, including the trigeminal ganglion, hindbrain sensory ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia. Changes in global gene expression in the trigeminal ganglion from E11.5 to E13.5 reflect the repression of early neurogenic genes, exit from the cell cycle, and initiation of the expression of definitive markers of sensory function. A majority of these developmental changes are perturbed in the trigeminal ganglia of Brn3a knockout mice. At E13.5, Brn3a−/− trigeminal neurons fail to repress a battery of developmental regulators that are highly expressed at E11.5 and are normally down‐regulated as development progresses, and also fail to appropriately activate a set of definitive sensory genes. Remarkably, developing Brn3a−/− trigeminal neurons also ectopically express multiple regulatory genes associated with cardiac and/or cranial mesoderm development, although definitive myogenic programs are not activated. The majority of these genes are not ectopically expressed in the dorsal root ganglia of Brn3a null mice, perhaps due to redundant mechanisms of repression at spinal levels. These results underscore the importance of gene repression in regulating neuronal development, and the need for unbiased screens in the determination of developmental gene regulatory programs. Developmental Dynamics 238:3065–3079, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Overview of Russia's Largest Corporations Abroad

SUMMARY Russian outward foreign direct investments have grown rapidly during the past few years. The natural-resource based companies have been the main drivers of the international growth of the Russian economy. Whereas the leading companies in oil, gas, and metal industries already rank among the top global players, the manufacturing and telecommunication industries are increasingly catching up and seeking for growth outside the Russian borders. The current article seeks to provide an overview of the international activities of the leading Russian companies in several industrial sectors with additional policy conclusions regarding the internationalisation patterns of Russian enterprises.
Book review symposium: Guy Standing, The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, reviewed by Hazel Conley

(a passivity due to despair about not finding meaningful work), anxiety (due to chronic insecurity) and alienation (due to lack of purpose and social disapproval). As such, they constitute a ‘new dangerous class’ for politics and social instability that is susceptible to being mobilized by extremist political groups and neo-fascist messages. A basic and obvious question is whether the precariat is really a class, or if its internal divisions are sufficiently great to impede collective action in pursuit of mutual interests. Some members are young and highly educated, while others have relatively little education and lack the skills needed to compete in the new global economy. Moreover, the well educated youth in the vanguard of many precarious protest movements are likely to come to blame others within the precariat – such as immigrants, criminals and other defenseless groups – for the difficulties that they experience in the labour market. Nevertheless, Standing makes a compelling case that while the members of the precariat may have differential relationships to the means of production, they still have many vital interests in common and thus it is strategically useful to think of them as constituting a class. Standing argues for a ‘politics of paradise’ to address the concerns of the precariat. This political agenda includes first and foremost the provision of economic security and representation security, the two ‘meta-securities’ that are needed to realize one’s rights in a flexible, open economic system. He also outlines the need for a reconstruction of the concept of work that goes beyond the notion of labour (or market-based work). Quoting (ironically) the free-market advocate Milton Friedman, Standing maintains that it is important to keep these progressive but currently utopian ideas alive until they become politically feasible. The key challenge, of course, is how to translate these progressive principles into collective actions, so as to provide the precariat with a political program that might create the agency it needs to become a ‘class-for-itself’. Standing does not explain in detail how the changes that he proposes are likely to come about and he leaves largely unspecified the kinds of strategies and tactics that might be capable of overcoming the obstacles to achieving the politics of paradise. Still, he offers the optimistic views that the progressive policies he espouses are both possible and increasingly necessary and that we are getting closer to addressing the problems of the precariat due to the recent energy being displayed by current social movements around the world. Whether the politics of paradise triumph over the politics of the inferno remains to be seen, but this book provides a vision of a way forward.
Deep learning-based target customer position extraction on social network

In this paper, we extract the target customer attributes and analysis the characteristics of their interests. We classify the accounts into, for example, three data sets, the real estate, healthy parenting and sports. we extract the target customer attributes via deep learning method to study that attributes and build a classification model which is helpful for merchants to find the target customers and make the marketing strategies on social network. We use deep learning method by studying a nonlinear network structure, to achieve complex function approximation and characterization of the input data distribution. We show the strong ability of a few sample concentrated study the data and essential characteristics. The experimental results also show that the DBN outperforms better than the Naive Bayes classifier.
Convergent Radial Tracing of Viral and Solute Transport in Gneiss Saprolite

Deeply weathered crystalline rock aquifer systems comprising unconsolidated saprolite and underlying fractured bedrock (saprock) underlie 40% of sub‐Saharan Africa. The vulnerability of this aquifer system to contamination, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas, remains poorly understood. In order to assess solute and viral transport in saprolite derived from Precambrian gneiss, forced‐gradient tracer experiments using chloride and Escherichia coli phage ΦX174 were conducted in southeastern Uganda. The bacteriophage tracer was largely unrecovered; adsorption to the weathered crystalline rock matrix is inferred and enabled by the low pH (5.7) of site ground water and the bacteriophage's relatively high isoelectric point (pI = 6.6). Detection of the applied ΦX174 phage in the pumping well discharge at early times during the experiment traces showed, however, that average ground water flow velocities exceed that of the inert solute tracer, chloride. This latter finding is consistent with observations in other hydrogeological environments where statistically extreme sets of microscopic flow velocities are considered to transport low numbers of fecal pathogens and their proxies along a selected range of linked ground water pathways. Application of a radial advection‐dispersion model with an exponentially decaying source term to the recovered chloride tracer estimates a dispersivity (α) of 0.8 ± 0.1 m over a distance of 4.15 m. Specific yield (Sy) is estimated to be 0.02 from volume balance calculations based on tracer experiments. As single‐site observations, our estimates of saprolite Sy and α are tentative but provide a starting point for assessing the vulnerability of saprolite aquifers in sub‐Saharan Africa to contamination and estimating quantitatively the impact of climate and abstraction on ground water storage.