Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Medium-Term Outcomes of Patients With Suspected Scaphoid Fractures: A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study

Background The medium-term outcomes of patients (six to 14 months post-injury) with non-specific wrist injuries managed as suspected scaphoid fractures are not clear from the current literature. These patients’ wrists are immobilized in casts or splints, and some receive physiotherapy. They receive serial imaging and follow-up appointments as needed. Aims This study aims to describe the medium-term outcomes of patients with non-specific wrist injuries managed as suspected scaphoid fractures. Methods This is a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Patients with suspected scaphoid fractures were identified from a consecutive database and were included. Patients diagnosed with a definitive scaphoid fracture at any point in time were excluded. Patients with any pre-existing wrist pathology were also excluded. In total 113 patients were posted the Patient-Rated-Wrist-Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire at six to 14 months post-injury with a self-addressed return envelope. Demographic and PRWE data were collated and described. Results Twenty-two patients (19% of total patients) returned a completed questionnaire. The median PRWE score was 32 out of 100 indicating mild pain and disability. 45.5% of patients were in this category. A minority of patients (9%) continued to suffer severe or very severe pain and disability. Patients with PRWE scores <40, representing pain and disability that is mild or less, reported very low difficulty completing work and recreational activities. Patients tended not to have pain at rest and experienced the most difficulty lifting heavy objects. Conclusion Most patients with non-specific wrist injuries managed as suspected scaphoid fractures experience some pain and disability in the medium term. For most this is minimal or mild, however some patients experience significant pain and disability. This study adds to existing evidence that this is the case. The reasons why these patients suffer are unclear. This study highlights the need to refine clinical practice to improve the outcomes of these patients.
Improvements for the Western North Atlantic, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico ADCIRC Tidal Database (EC2015)

This research details the development and validation of an updated constituent tidal database for the Western North Atlantic, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (WNAT) region, referred to as the EC2015 database. Regional databases, such as EC2015, provide much higher resolution than global databases allowing users to more accurately define the tidal forcing on smaller sub-region domains. The database last underwent major updates in 2001 and was developed using the two-dimensional, depth-integrated form of the coastal hydrodynamic model, ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC), which solves the shallow-water equations in the generalized wave continuity equation form. Six main areas of improvement are examined: (1) placement of the open ocean boundary; (2) higher coastal resolution using Vertical Datum (VDatum) models; (3) updated bathymetry from global databases; (4) updated boundary forcing compared using two global tidal databases; (5) updated bottom friction formulations; and (6) improved model physics by incorporating the advective terms in ADCIRC. The skill of the improved database is compared to that of its predecessor and is calculated using harmonic data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (NOAA CO-OPS) stations and historic International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) data. Overall, the EC2015 database significantly reduces errors realized in the EC2001 database and improves the quality of coastal tidal constituents available for smaller sub-regional models in the Western North Atlantic, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (WNAT) region.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SUMMER 2013 MIAMI SAHARAN DUST EVENTS

The 2013 summer season in Miami was a fairly active time for dust. Between June 1 and August 31 there were three major dust events where a large presence of Saharan dust was detected over South Florida. This project looks at these periods of time, in comparison to periods when little or no dust was present in order to gain insight on the nature of these events. A variety of methods are used in the analysis of the events, including time series of CCN concentrations, HYSPLIT backwards model trajectories, and profiles of the air sampled over Miami during the summer.
Health Monitoring and Fault Diagnostics of Wind Turbines

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FSpGEMM: A Framework for Accelerating Sparse General Matrix–Matrix Multiplication Using Gustavson’s Algorithm on FPGAs

General sparse matrix–matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is integral to many high-performance computing (HPC) and machine learning applications. However, prior field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based SpGEMM accelerators either use the inner product algorithm with wasted and costly operations or Gustavson’s algorithm with a cache-based hardware architecture suffering from long-latency cache miss penalties and limited to embedded devices. In this work, we propose framework for accelerating SpGEMM (FSpGEMM), an OpenCL-based SpGEMM framework for accelerating Gustvason’s algorithm that includes an FPGA kernel implementing a throughput-optimized and scalable hardware architecture compatible with high-bandwidth memory (HBM) or traditional DDR-based memory. In addition, to address the irregular memory access patterns incurred by Gustavson’s algorithm, we propose a new buffering scheme tailored to Gustavson’s algorithm enabled by a new compressed sparse vector (CSV) format for representing sparse matrices and a row reordering technique as a preprocessing step to improve data reuse, and consequently, resource utilization. The proposed framework includes a host program implementing preprocessing functions for reordering input matrices and storing them in the proposed CSV format for further use. We implemented FSpGEMM using Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL and experimented with a benchmark of sparse matrices selected from the SuiteSparse Matrix Collection on a Bittware 520N-MX FPGA board. The results show that the reordering technique improves the performance on average by 20.3% compared with the baseline. Finally, FSpGEMM outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) FPGA implementation by an average of $2.23\times $ in terms of execution cycles with the same benchmark and memory system configuration for a fair comparison.
Treat, follow-up, or discharge? An aid in sonographic decisions for the borderline centered neonatal/infantile hips

Abstract Aim To investigate whether linear measurements or ratios on the Graf’s “standard plane” ultrasound images of the neonatal/infantile hip, can support the clinically important differentiation between type I and type II hips. Material and methods A total of 60 Graf type II hips and 124 randomly selected Graf type I hips, matched to the gestational age at delivery, birth weight, delivery mode, and age at the time of the examination, were identified through our hip screening service, during a period of two years. The images were diagnostically suitable, following anatomical identification and usability check, according to Graf. Anatomical landmarks including the lower limb of the os ilium, the bony rim, the silhouette of the os ilium, the labrum and the femoral head’s borders, were used to determine the measurements and ratios which quantified their inter-relationships. Results The indices which differed significantly between type I and type II hips included: (a) the width of the “bony roof” (cut-off value 5.91 mm, sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 70%), (b) the ratio of the width of the “bony roof” to the femoral head’s width (cut-off value 0.40, sensitivity 83%, specificity 71%), and (c) the ratio of the cartilaginous acetabular roof’s width (including the labrum), to the width of the femoral head (cut-off value 0.450, sensitivity 82%, specificity 67%). Conclusions Newly introduced measurements and calculated ratios on “standard plane” ultrasound images can be used as additional indices in the differentiation between Graf’s types of “centered hips”, thus increasing the diagnostic certainty of the examiner in borderline cases and limiting unnecessary re-examinations or treatment.
Characterizing Impacts of and Recovery from Surface Coal Mining in Appalachian Forested Landscapes Using Landsat Imagery

This dissertation describes research investigating the potential for using Landsat data to identify and characterize woody canopy cover on reclaimed coal-mined lands through three separate studies. The objective of the first study was to assess whether surface coal mines in the forested central Appalachian regions of the US can be separated from the other prevalent forest-replacing disturbances through analysis of an interannual chronosequence of Landsat images. Disturbances were classified using descriptors of the disturbance/recovery trajectories: disturbance minimum, recovery slope and recovery maximum. Three vegetation indices (VIs) (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI; tasseled cap greenness/brightness ratio, TC G/B; and inverse of Landsat band 3, B3I) were used to analyze multitemporal trajectories generated using both pixels and objects. Classification accuracies using objects were better than those obtained using pixels for all VIs. The highest object-based classification accuracy was achieved using TC G/B (89%), followed by NDVI (88%) and B3I (80%). The objective of the second study was to evaluate performance of a woody canopy cover (including both native and invasive species) estimation method based on the 2011 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) protocol for both mined and non-mined areas of the central Appalachians. Potential explanatory variables included raw and derived bands from leaf-on and leaf-off Landsat scenes plus terrain descriptors. Results show that the model developed to estimate canopy cover for mines (R 2 = 0.78, Adj. R 2 = 0.77, RMSE = 16%) is more robust than the models developed for non-mines, mixed, and all areas combined. The objective of the third study was to determine whether four disturbance/recovery parameters (recovery time, disturbance minimum, recovery slope, and recovery maximum), alone or in combination with variables identified in the second study, enable robust estimation of woody canopy cover on reclaimed surface coal mines. Of the disturbance/recovery parameters, only recovery time made a significant contribution to the model (R 2 0.45, Adj. R 2 0.44, RMSE 14%). Addition of leaf-on and leaf-off NDVI improved the R 2 to 0.54 (Adj. R 2 0.53, RMSE 13%).
Dynamic methods of identification of electromagnetic parameters of power transformers in non-stationary mode

The report reflects the promising solutions for the creation of adaptive protection means and emergency automatics in the implementation of methods of identification of dynamic systems. Presented original research assigned at directly addressing the causes of the sensitivity lack of the transformer equipment protection - compensation for the magnetizing current of the power transformers by linearizing their transfer characteristics.
Fracture Spacing Design for Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Completions for Improved Productivity

Abstract Over the years, productivity studies conducted for horizontal multistage completions have shown significant stage-wise variability. Optimizing such completions could hold the key to unlocking true value from shale reservoirs and improving well economics. Traditional hydraulic fracturing programs use the same fracture design along laterals without any consideration for changes in the reservoir and wellbore conditions. Methods using mechanical rock properties require expensive petrophyisical logging data, while those involving use of drill cuttings can be highly resource intensive and time consuming. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach, which utilizes routinely available data such as measurements made while drilling and petrophyisical data as available within a fracture spacing design framework. We validate our approach through application on multiple wells by comparing results from our workflow with post completion production logging. Finally, we highlight the potential advantages and pitfalls in our approach and present a roadmap for future implementation in different plays.
The Early History of the Thermocouple

The name of Seebeck is indissolubly associated with the discovery of thermoelectricity and the thermocouple. But how did Seebeck’s researches fit into the general background of contemporary scientific work, and how did they lead on to the development of the modern thermocouple pyrometer? This article outlines the early history of the couple up to the time when it became accepted as an accurate and reliable means of measuring high temperatures.
Ideological differences in COVID-19 vaccine intention: the effects of trust in the healthcare system, in complementary and alternative medicine, and perceived threat from the disease

Introduction Politically left-leaning individuals are more likely to get vaccinated against COVID-19, although little is known about the mechanisms underlying the ideological differences in vaccination intentions. Understanding the extent to which trust in the healthcare system, in complementary and alternative medicine, and the perceived threat from the disease contribute to these disparities is crucial, as it could inform targeted interventions to address vaccine hesitancy across the political spectrum. Methods The present cross-sectional study conducted among adults living in Slovenia (n = 858) examined the mediating role of trust in the healthcare system, trust in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the perceived threat from the virus on COVID-19 vaccination intention. Results We found that leftist ideology and trust in the healthcare system positively predicted vaccination intention, whereas CAM negatively predicted this intention. In addition, left-leaning individuals expressed greater trust in the healthcare system and lower trust in CAM, resulting in higher levels of COVID-19 vaccination intention. The serial mediation model confirmed that trust in CAM was a negative predictor, while trust in the healthcare system positively predicted perceived threat. Discussion When dealing with vaccine hesitancy among right-oriented individuals, strategies should focus on enhancing trust in the healthcare system and critically evaluating the reliance on CAM.
A Sub-mm3 Wireless Neural Stimulator IC for Visual Cortical Prosthesis With Optical Power Harvesting and 7.5-kb/s Data Telemetry

This article proposes StiMote, an untethered, free-floating and individually addressable stimulator mote designed for visual cortex stimulation, aimed at vision restoration. The system is optically powered by a custom photovoltaic (PV) layer. In addition, the photodiode (PD) layer captures the light modulation and forwards it to the optical receiver (ORX) including a tranimpedance amplifier. Translated instructions can assign a unique slot, up to 1024 available, to each mote within the time-division multiple access (TDMA) framework. In this work, we propose an automatic charge balance (CB) technique that monitors the injected charge to balance in bi-phasic switched-capacitor stimulation (SCS). The chip was confirmed fully functional when operated completely wirelessly using harvested light. Measurement results revealed a power consumption of 4.48 $\mu $ W with a 7.5-kb/s optical downlink data rate, corresponding to continuous updates at 2.5 Hz of 1024 motes to their individual 3-b stimulation intensity levels. The dc–dc converter, responsible for providing high voltage for stimulation, demonstrated 4.3-V output voltage when unloaded, with a maximum efficiency of 67.4%. The proposed CB circuit exhibited linear controllability of stimulation charge up to 16 nC, with a charge imbalance of less than 0.2 nC. Furthermore, in vitro testing confirmed the absence of chemical reactions at electrodes, and in vivo experiments conducted on live rats verified the effectiveness of the stimulation through StiMote.
Physical controls on the diversity and distribution of river channel habitats

Physical controls on the diversity and distribution of river channel habitats. Joanna Lynn Kemp. Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH This study investigated the relationship between in-channel physical conditions and the diversity and distribution of macroinvertebrate habitats, known as 'functional habitats'. The Welland, Nene, Ouse and Deben catchments, in the English lowlands, were studied during the summer months of 1995 and 1996. The physical conditions, in terms of depth, velocity and Froude number, associated with each of the functional habitats were identified. The relationship between functional habitat diversity and the in-stream physical environment was examined at two levels: the cross-section and the 50 m reach. Habitat diversity in a cross-section was highest in 'riffle-like' as opposed to 'pool-like' conditions. Cross sections with a high coefficient of Froude number variation were also associated with high habitat diversity. No strong seasonal trends were observed, from early to late summer, in either physical variables, functional habitat diversity or habitat abundance (except for a small change in velocity). Habitat diversity in a reach was highest when the river was found to have a 'natural' channel width and was reduced if the river deviated greatly from its 'natural' (predicted) width. Two types of physical channel degradation lead to the river being wider that predicted. These were 'over­ widening' and 'ponding'. Sites with these conditions contained a characteristic functional habitat frequency; over-widened reaches were dominated by 'silt' and 'emergent macrophytes' while ponded reaches were dominated by 'floating-leaved macrophytes' and 'macroalgae' Functional habitat diversity was positively related to spatial heterogeneity at the reach scale. It was highest where 65 % of the reach was less than 40 cm deep, and lowest when the reach was uniformly shallow or deep.
A Comprehensive Model for Gate Current in E-Mode p-GaN HEMTs

In this article, we introduce a physics-based model aimed at elucidating the conduction mechanisms responsible for gate leakage in p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Our model hinges on the analysis of potential variations at each interface within the p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT gate-stack. This analysis is achieved by self-consistently solving the Schrödinger-Poisson equations. To address the electrostatics at the interface, we leverage the Fermi-Dirac (FD) distribution and the 2-D-density of states. Additionally, we develop bias-dependent region-wise models, including thermionic emission (TE), thermally assisted tunneling, and Poole-Frenkel (PF) emission, to account for leakage current. To ascertain the validity of our model, we conduct a comprehensive validation against TCAD simulations and experimental data from a p-GaN HEMT, spanning a wide range of temperatures. The model through its physics-based nature has the potential to serve as a quick aid to the otherwise time-consuming TCAD simulations, in pursuit of developing enhancement mode (e-mode) GaN devices.
Investigation of earthquake jump distance for strike‐slip step overs based on 3‐D dynamic rupture simulations in an elastic half‐space

We systematically investigate the distance that dynamically propagating earthquake ruptures could jump across step overs in strike‐slip faults set in a homogeneous half‐space. The following factors are found to have major effects on the critical jump distance: the dimensionless effective shear stress, the initial normal stress, the Earth's free surface, and the accelerating length of the rupture front on the main fault prior to a jump. An important finding in this study is that the critical jump distance for extensional step overs could exceed 10 km under certain conditions, while ruptures on compressional step overs under the same conditions could only jump 6 km fault step overs. This may provide a physical explanation for some geological observations of over 10 km jump distance in natural earthquake. The critical jump distance usually increases as the dimensionless effective shear stress increases. Without the free surface effect, the critical jump distance for step overs could only reach up to 6 km, which is very close to the 5 km given by the classic 2‐D simulations.
Exploring positive psychology intervention and mindfulness-based intervention in nature: impact on well-being of school students in India

Introduction Enhancing the well-being of urban school students is a growing challenge. The online mode of teaching during and post-pandemic era has increased students’ daily screen time. As they spend more time indoors, they tend to disconnect from nature even more, adversely impacting their well-being. This study aimed to design and execute two well-being interventions—a positive psychology intervention (PPI) and a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in natural settings for urban school students in India. Methods One hundred eighty participants (aged 17–20) from a senior secondary school were randomly assigned to three groups: PPI, MBI, and a control group (CTR). Participants self-reported their levels of well-being, gratitude, inclusion of nature in self, sense of connectedness, resilience, awareness, perceived stress, and positive and negative emotions using a survey questionnaire at two times—pre- and post-interventions. Repeated-measures ANOVA was employed across time and groups, and post hoc analyses for group differences were carried out through the Bonferroni test. Results Results indicate that both PPI and MBI interventions, when executed in natural settings, enhance student well-being, gratitude, inclusion of nature in self, sense of connectedness, resilience, awareness, positive emotions and decreased levels of perceived stress, and negative emotions. Discussion The study provides valuable insights for school authorities, policymakers, and urban planners to include natural settings in school premises and offer well-being interventions for students to connect with nature consciously.
Asymmetric Capacitor-Loaded Marchand Balun-Based Four-Stacked Power Amplifier Utilized C-Band Stimulus Source in SOI CMOS

This letter presents a novel stimulation source with a four-stack power amplifier (PA) based on an asymmetric capacitor-loaded Marchand balun. The stimulus source comprises a cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), common-source buffer, and two-stage four-stacked PA. The target power level of the PA was specified by performing an analysis assuming a realistic far-field stimulation environment. Loading two capacitors with different capacitances onto the OFF-chip Marchand balun eliminates the imbalance between the two balun nodes. Improvements in magnitude and phase balance show an enhanced performance and are also robust against fabrication errors. A stimulus source was designed and fabricated at 6.5 GHz using 0.28-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> silicon on insulator complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process for validation. The measured maximum output power and peak drain efficiency (DE) were 33.4 dBm and 28.3%, respectively. The proposed stimulus source is the first-of-a-kind system with a watt-level output for behavioral experiments in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band.