Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feature selection and classification for Wireless Capsule Endoscopic frames

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is an important device to detect abnormalities in small intestine. Despite emerging technologies, reviewing capsule endoscopic video is a labor intensive task and very time consuming. Computational tools which automatically detect informative frames and tag abnormal conditions such as bleeding, ulcer or tumor will dramatically reduce the clinician's effort. In this paper, we explored various machine-learning methodologies based on different feature extraction and selection criteria, and developed an optimized classification method. The experiment results shows that, comparing to texture feature, using color feature for classification achieved better accuracy, regardless of machine-learning method chosen. The proposed method has been applied in real data taken from capsule endoscopic exams. For informative frames detection, classification method using color feature gives an accuracy of 94.10% and 93.44% for support vector machines (SVM) and neural network (NN) classifiers respectively. For the bleeding detection using color feature, the accuracy achieved 99.41% and 98.97% for SVM and NN respectively. In addition, we also investigated the computational time required for feature extraction and classification. In our experiments, color feature significantly outperformed texture feature in WCE image classification. The overall computational time (per frame) using color feature is 0.7125s (informative frame with SVM), 1.0329s (informative frame with NN), 0.51s (bleeding frame with SVM) and 1.2163s (bleeding frame with NN). Classifiers for more gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases detection will be developed based on this work subsequently.
Dynamic Relationship Between the Q‐aT Interval and Heart Rate in Patients with Long QT Syndrome During 24‐Hour Holter ECG Monitoring

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic relationship between heart rate and the Q‐aT interval (the interval from the Q wave to the T wave apex) in patients with long QT syndrome. The QT to heart rate relation is useful for evaluating abnormalities of the ventricular repolarization, but its clinical application to the long QT syndrome requires accurate computer aided measurement of the QT interval and the sampling of a large number of beats. Therefore, the Q‐aT interval was used on the basis of some reports that the heart rate dependency of the QT interval was concentrated in the Q‐aT interval. Recent advances in the computer technology have allowed analysis of the relationship between the Q‐aT and RR intervals on Holter ECG recordings. However, in addition to a prolonged QT interval, most patients with long QT syndrome have bizarre and variable T waves and the influence of this T wave morphology on the Q‐aT to heart rate relation has not been clarified. We investigated the dynamic relationship between the Q‐aT interval and heart rate in 10 patients with long QT syndrome and 11 control subjects using our original computer algorithm for the analysis of 24‐hour Holter ECG recordings. The patients showed morphological T wave changes associated with heart rate changes during Holter recordings and these affected the Q‐aT interval. The patients showed the following characteristics in the relationship between the major T wave peak and the RR interval: (1) a modestly decreased correlation between Q‐aT and RR than in the control subjects (a median r value of 0.87 vs 0.93; P = 0.001); and (2) a steeper Q‐aT/RR slope than in controls (a median slope of 0.24 vs 0.16; P < 0.05). Abnormal and variable T wave morphology in the long QT patients was closely related to a modestly decreased correlation between Q‐aT and RR than in the control subjects. The steep Q‐aT/RR slope might reflect unstable repolarization of the ventricle, which could act as a substrate for ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Learning from Distributions via Support Measure Machines

This paper presents a kernel-based discriminative learning framework on probability measures. Rather than relying on large collections of vectorial training examples, our framework learns using a collection of probability distributions that have been constructed to meaningfully represent training data. By representing these probability distributions as mean embeddings in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), we are able to apply many standard kernel-based learning techniques in straightforward fashion. To accomplish this, we construct a generalization of the support vector machine (SVM) called a support measure machine (SMM). Our analyses of SMMs provides several insights into their relationship to traditional SVMs. Based on such insights, we propose a flexible SVM (Flex-SVM) that places different kernel functions on each training example. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.
A study of dynamically loaded engine bearings using a transient thermohydrodynamic analysis

A comprehensive, transient thermohydrodynamic (THD) analysis for dynamically loaded journal hearings presented earlier (1) is used to study the performance of dynamically loaded engine crankshaft hearings, i.e., main hearings and connecting rod. bearings. Oil film temperatures are found, to vary considerably over time and space. This variation can he explained, from the journal orbit diagram. A simplified thermal analysis which uses a single effective oil film temperature calculated from overall, energy conservation is also developed. Comparisons are made between the predictions of the full THD analysis, an adiabatic THD analysis and the simplified thermal analysis. The adiabatic THD analysis compares well with the full THD analysis. The simplified thermal analysis compares reasonably well with the full THD analysis and is a significant improvement over an isothermal analysis. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the STLE/ASME Tribology Conference in Kissimmee, Florida.
Solving satisfiability in fuzzy logics by mixing CMA-ES

Satisfiability in propositional logic is well researched and many approaches to checking and solving exist. In infinite-valued or fuzzy logics, however, there have only recently been attempts at developing methods for solving satisfiability. In this paper, we propose new benchmark problems and analyse the function landscape of different problem classes, focussing our analysis on plateaus. Based on this study, we develop Mixing CMA-ES (M-CMA-ES), an extension to CMA-ES that is well suited to solving problems with many large plateaus. We empirically show the relation between certain function landscape properties and M-CMA-ES performance.
Microbial Ecology of Bulking and Foaming Activated Sludge Treating Tannery Wastewater

Abstract This study involves a comprehensive survey of the microbial ecology of the activated sludge process treating tannery wastewater, emphasizing evaluation during periods of bulking and foaming. The survey also includes a detailed characterization of process influent and effluent. Observations always associate bulking with significant increase in protozoa species and rotifers, but decrease or disappearance of nematodes. Activated sludge sustained under normal conditions with a sludge volume index lower than 80 ml g−1, exhibits all the properties of a compact and healthy zoogleal floc structure. Three types of filamentous bacteria prevail in the microscopic examinations. Two of the filamentous bacteria, Microthrix parvicella and Nostocoida limicola II, always appear as components of the floc structure under normal conditions and abundant or even excessive levels. The study identifies Gordona spp. as the main microorganism responsible for bulking and foaming, which starts by a Gordona contamination process inside the floc, later branching out and extending through adjacent flocs. When completed, this process increases sludge volume index values to over 200 ml g−1. Microscopic examinations indicate significant morphological differences between filamentous microorganisms observed in this study and reported in the literature mostly for domestic sewage treatment.
Comparison of Feedback Loop Control Schemes for Inverters in Microgrids

In this paper, two multiple feedback loop control schemes for inverters of distributed generators and energy storage system in a microgrid are described. Both of the droop control method and V/F control method are based on the voltage and the current controllers . A detailed comparison of the simulation results show the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods.
[Household food availability in Brazil: distribution and trends (1974-2003)].

OBJECTIVE Data from household food budget surveys were examined in order to describe the regional and socio-economic distribution of household food availability in Brazil in 2002-2003 and trends from 1974 to 2003. METHODS The study uses data from the "Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar 2002-2003" budget survey conducted by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) from July 2002 to June 2003, including a national sample of 48,470 households. In each household, during seven consecutive days, all monetary and non-monetary expenses with food and beverages for family consumption were registered. Crude weights of purchased foods were transformed into calories and nutrients with the use of food composition tables. RESULTS Adequate protein content and a high proportion of animal protein were found in all regions and income strata. These were the most important positive aspects identified in the household food availability in Brazil. On the other hand, all regions and socio-economic strata showed excess calories from sugar and little availability of fruits and vegetables. An excessive proportion of calories came from total and saturated fat in the more economically developed regions and in the urban milieu, as well as among higher-income families. Time-trends in metropolitan areas indicated a decline in the consumption of basic, traditional foods, such as rice and beans; notable increases (up to 400%) in the consumption of processed food items, such as cookies and soft drinks; maintenance of the excessive consumption of sugar; and a continuous increase in total fat and saturated fat content in the diet. CONCLUSIONS Patterns and trends regarding household food availability in Brazil are consistent with the increasing participation of chronic non-communicable diseases in morbidity and mortality and with the continuous increase in the prevalence of obesity.
Arithmetic properties of generalized Euler numbers

The generalized Euler number E_{n|k} counts the number of permutations of {1,2,. ,n} which have a descent in position m if and only if m is divisible by k. The classical Euler numbers are the special case when k=2. In this paper, we study divisibility properties of a q-analog of E_{n|k}. In particular, we generalize two theorems of Andrews and Gessel about factors of the q-tangent numbers.
ASIC Clouds: Specializing the Datacenter

GPU and FPGA-based clouds have already demonstrated the promise of accelerating computing-intensive workloads with greatly improved power and performance. In this paper, we examine the design of ASIC Clouds, which are purpose-built datacenters comprised of large arrays of ASIC accelerators, whose purpose is to optimize the total cost of ownership (TCO) of large, high-volume chronic computations, which are becoming increasingly common as more and more services are built around the Cloud model. On the surface, the creation of ASIC clouds may seem highlyimprobable due to high NREs and the inflexibility of ASICs. Surprisingly, however, large-scale ASIC Clouds have already been deployed by a large number of commercial entities, to implement the distributed Bitcoin cryptocurrency system. We begin with a case study of Bitcoin mining ASIC Clouds, which are perhaps the largest ASIC Clouds to date. From there, we design three more ASIC Clouds, including a YouTube-style video transcoding ASIC Cloud, a Litecoin ASIC Cloud, and a Convolutional Neural Network ASIC Cloud and show 2-3 orders of magnitude better TCO versus CPU and GPU. Among our contributions, we present a methodology that given an accelerator design, derives Pareto-optimal ASIC Cloud Servers, by extracting data from place-and-routed circuits and computational fluid dynamic simulations, and then employing clever but brute-force search to find the best jointly-optimized ASIC, DRAM subsystem, motherboard, power delivery system, cooling system, operating voltage, and case design. Moreover, we show how data center parameters determine which of the many Pareto-optimal points is TCO-optimal. Finally we examine when it makes sense to build an ASIC Cloud, and examine the impact of ASIC NRE.
Human and machine identification of consonantal place of articulation from vocalic transition segments

One of the most dif ﬁcult problems in the ﬁrst stages of automatic speech recognition (ASR) is the identiﬁcation of consonantal place of articulation (CPA). It is kno wn that the acoustic correlates for CPA reside largely in the pattern of formant transitions preceding v ocal tract closure and follo wing release, b ut common speech preprocessing techniques make only a limited attempt to capture these spectral dynamics in the representation which they pass on for recognition. In order to test alternative preprocessing strategies, we have prepared a multilingual set of VC and CV v ocalic transition segments and then compared the baseline performance of human perception of CP A in this dataset with the performance of tw o common ASR techniques. Representaions initially tested were concatenated mel cepstra and mel ceptra plus cepstral differences.
New concept of high speed AB solar sail

The solar sail is a large thin film used to collect solar light pressure for moving of space apparatus. Unfortunately, the solar radiation pressure is very small about 9 muN/mm at Earth's orbit. However, the light force significantly increases up to 0.2-0.35 N/mm near the Sun. The author offers his research on a new revolutionary highly reflective solar sail which performs a flyby (after special maneuver) near the Sun and attains velocities up to 400 km/s and reaches far planets of the Solar system in a short time or enables flights out of the Solar system. New, highly reflective sail mirror allows avoiding the strong heating of the solar sail. It may be useful for probes close to the Sun and Mercury and Venus.
Transcription enhancers as major determinants of SV40 polyomavirus growth efficiency and host cell tropism

The non-coding control region (NCCR) of polyomaviruses includes the promoters for early and late genes, a transcription enhancer and the origin of DNA replication. Particularly virulent variants of the human pathogens BKPyV and JCPyV, as well as of simian virus 40 (SV40), occur in vitro and in vivo. These strains often harbour rearrangements in their NCCR, typically deletions of some DNA segment(s) and/or duplications of others. Using an SV40-based model system we provide evidence that duplications of enhancer elements, whether from SV40 itself or from the related BKPyV and JCPyV, increase early gene transcription and replicative capacity. SV40 harbouring subsegments of the strong cytomegalovirus (HCMV) enhancer replicated better than the common ‘wild-type’ SV40 in the human cell lines HEK293 and U2OS. In conclusion, replacing the SV40 enhancer with heterologous enhancers can profoundly influence SV40’s infective capacity, underscoring the potential of small DNA viruses to overcome cell type and species barriers.
Ptosis as a presenting feature of bacterial meningitis.

To the Editors: Willoughby and Hammarin have recently discussed human rabies caused by bat rabies virus variants. They stated “the colonial species of bats found in very large numbers under bridges and in caves in central Texas have not transmitted rabies to humans. ” The main bat species they are referring to is the Brazilian (Mexican) free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, and the rabies virus variant associated with this species is actually second only to the variant associated with Lasionycteris noctivagans (silver-haired bat) and Pipistrellus subflavus (eastern pipistrelle bat) as the most common cause of human rabies in the United States. Since 1990, there have been 7 well-documented fatal cases of human rabies resulting from infection with this variant in Texas (1990), Alabama (1994), California (1995, 2000 and 2002), Georgia (2000) and Arkansas (2004). The latter case was an organ donor in Texas, and transmission occurred to 4 transplant recipients with fatal outcomes. Although rabies is very common in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), the variant associated with these bats is a rare cause of fatal human rabies, and a case occurred in Washington in 1997. Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) belong to the Myotis species, and variants associated with this genus have also caused fatal human rabies in Washington in 1995 and in British Columbia in 2003. Alan C. Jackson, MD Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Microbiology and Immunology Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
A Statistical Evaluation of Random Telegraph Noise of In-Pixel Source Follower Equivalent Surface and Buried Channel Transistors

Using a large-scale array test circuit, both static characteristics and random telegraph noise (RTN) of in-pixel source follower equivalent transistors of a CMOS image sensor with buried and surface channel transistor structures were statistically evaluated under various current and body bias conditions. The distribution of noise intensities at various operational bias conditions, correlations between RTN amplitude and static characteristics were analyzed. It was found that the RTN amplitude has a positive correlation between the subthreshold swing for both types of transistors.
Inhibition of uracil DNA glycosylase sensitizes cancer cells to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine through replication fork collapse-induced DNA damage

5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdU, floxuridine) is active against multiple cancers through the inhibition of thymidylate synthase, which consequently introduces uracil and 5-FU incorporation into the genome. Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) is one of the main enzymes responsible for the removal of uracil and 5-FU. However, how exactly UDG mediates cellular sensitivity to 5-FdU, and if so whether it is through its ability to remove uracil and 5-FU have not been well characterized. In this study, we report that UDG depletion led to incorporation of uracil and 5-FU in DNA following 5-FdU treatment and significantly enhanced 5-FdU's cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. Co-treatment, but not post-treatment with thymidine prevented cell death of UDG depleted cells by 5-FdU, indicating that the enhanced cytotoxicity is due to the retention of uracil and 5-FU in genomic DNA in the absence of UDG. Furthermore, UDG depleted cells were arrested at late G1 and early S phase by 5-FdU, followed by accumulation of sub-G1 population indicating cell death. Mechanistically, 5-FdU dramatically reduced DNA replication speed in UDG depleted cells. UDG depletion also greatly enhanced DNA damage as shown by γH2AX foci formation. Notably, the increased γH2AX foci formation was not suppressed by caspase inhibitor treatment, suggesting that DNA damage precedes cell death induced by 5-FdU. Together, these data provide novel mechanistic insights into the roles of UDG in DNA replication, damage repair, and cell death in response to 5-FdU and suggest that UDG is a target for improving the anticancer effect of this agent.
Linear-array-based photoacoustic imaging of human microcirculation with a range of high frequency transducer probes

Abstract. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with a linear-array-based probe can provide a convenient means of imaging the human microcirculation within its native structural context and adds functional information. PAI using a multielement linear transducer array combined with multichannel collecting system was used for in vivo volumetric imaging of the blood microcirculation, the total concentration of hemoglobin (HbT), and the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2) within human tissue. Three-dimensional (3-D) PA and ultrasound (US) volumetric scans were acquired from the forearm skin by linearly translating the transducer with a stepper motor over a region of interest, while capturing two-dimensional images using 15, 21, and 40 MHz frequency transducer probes. For the microvasculature imaging, PA images were acquired at 800- and 1064-nm wavelengths. For the HbT and sO2 estimates, PA images were collected at 750- and 850-nm wavelengths. 3-D microcirculation, HbT, and sO2 maps of the forearm skin were obtained from normal subjects. The linear-array-based PAI has been found promising in terms of resolution, imaging depth, and imaging speed for in vivo microcirculation imaging within human skin. We believe that a reflection type probe, similar to existing clinical US probes, is most likely to succeed in real clinical applications. Its advantages include ease of use, speed, and familiarity for radiographers and clinicians.
Route Failure Management Technique for Ant Based Routing in MANET

In this paper we describe route failure management technique for ant based routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), inspired by Ant colony Optimization and enhanced by Fuzzy logic technique as failure management. In Ant based route discovery, the transmission delay of each link, processing delay at each node, the available bandwidth capacity of each link, and the number of hops visited are collected by the ant agents to estimate the path preference probability. Then the route with higher preference probability is established. For failure management, the node mobility and the link disconnection are predicted using the fuzzy logic and based on this predicted results, route or node failure is identified. Then an alternate path can be established. By simulation results, we show that the routing protocol attains good packet delivery ratio with less packet drop and delay. Index Terms—ACO, Ant based routing, Fuzzy logic, MANET, Quality of service (QoS) ——————————  ——————————
Membrane-induced interactions between inclusions

We investigate theoretically the effect of embedded inclusions on membrane structure, and the corresponding membrane-induced interactions between inclusions. We find that the membrane thickness, which is perturbed from its equilibrium value by the coupling to the embedded inclusions, decays non-monotonically with distance from the inclusion boundary. As a result, the membrane-induced interactions between inclusions vary non monotonically with spacing. The periodicity of the perturbation profile, as well as the strength and range of the induced interactions, are proportional to the ratio of the amphiphile bending modulus and compressibility