Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Letter by Haines regarding article, "Direct measurement of the lethal isotherm for radiofrequency ablation of myocardial tissue".

To the Editor: Myocardial injury with hyperthermic catheter ablation technologies (radiofrequency electric current, microwave radiation, laser irradiation, or ultrasound) is both time and temperature dependent. The isotherm of irreversible injury is defined as the temperature at the border zone transition between viable and nonviable tissue. Ultimately, there is necrosis of that tissue and replacement by collagen scar, rendering that area electrically silent. Previous investigations have calculated the lesion isotherm …
Factors associated with mammography utilization: a systematic quantitative review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE A significant segment of women remains underscreened with mammography. We sought to summarize literature related to factors associated with receipt of mammography. For data sources, we used English language papers published between 1988 and 2007, including 221 studies describing 4,957,347 women. METHODS We calculated odds ratios (ORs) associated with receipt of mammography. Random effects modeling was used to assess trends in mammography utilization and to calculate summary multivariate point estimates. Results were stratified by age, race/ethnicity, and study year. We summarized results between 1988 and 2004 and compared recent years with these results. RESULTS Physician access barriers, such as not having a physician-recommend mammography (adjusted OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.08-0.33) and having no primary care provider (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.32-0.53), were highly predictive of not obtaining mammography. Past screening behavior correlated strongly with receipt of mammography (clinical breast examination, adjusted OR 9.15, 95% CI 3.49-23.98) and Pap test (adjusted OR 3.45, 95% CI 2.12-5.62). With the exception of having no insurance (adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.39-0.57), several potential socioeconomic barriers did not appear to have an important impact on screening. Racial and ethnic differences were seen. Concerns about cost, mammography safety, and pain were more important to African American and Latina women, and having no insurance was more important to white and Chinese women. Cost concerns and the presence of a family history of breast cancer were less important to older women, whereas screening knowledge had a stronger impact on mammography use in women aged > or =65 years. When we compared study results before 2004 with those later, we found very little difference in the multivariate, adjusted ORs over time. CONCLUSIONS Women with poor access to physicians are much less likely to undergo mammography. Improving the frequency and scope of mammography recommendation by primary care providers is the single most important direct contribution the medical community can make toward increasing mammography use.
Quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae

Multiple quorum‐sensing circuits function in parallel to control virulence and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae. In contrast to other bacterial pathogens that induce virulence factor production and/or biofilm formation at high cell density in the presence of quorum‐sensing autoinducers, V. cholerae represses these behaviours at high cell density. Consistent with this, we show here that V. cholerae strains ‘locked’ in the regulatory state mimicking low cell density are enhanced for biofilm production whereas mutants ‘locked’ in the regulatory state mimicking high cell density are incapable of producing biofilms. The quorum‐sensing cascade we have identified in V. cholerae regulates the transcription of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production (EPS), and variants that produce EPS and form biofilms arise at high frequency from non‐EPS, non‐biofilm producing strains. Our data show that spontaneous mutation of the transcriptional regulator hapR is responsible for this effect. Several toxigenic strains of V. cholerae possess a naturally occurring frameshift mutation in hapR. Thus, the distinct environments occupied by this aquatic pathogen presumably include niches where cell‐cell communication is crucial, as well as ones where loss of quorum sensing via hapR mutation confers a selective advantage. Bacterial biofilms could represent a complex habitat where such differentiation occurs.
Reconfigurable Folded Reflectarray Antenna Based Upon Liquid Crystal Technology

A reconfigurable antenna based on the liquid crystal technology is presented in this paper. The antenna comprises a planar lower reflector with an incorporated feed at its center and a polarizing grid on top as an upper reflector. The lower reflector is utilized to collimate the beam and to twist the polarization. The polarizing grid selects the polarization for the transmission and reflects the orthogonally polarized waves toward the lower reflector. Combining reflector elements with a polarizing grid allows performing additional phase adjustment on the upper reflector for beam steering. Reconfigurability is maintained by the upper reflector, in which a liquid crystal mixture is used as a tunable substrate. The liquid crystal layer is tuned with a bias voltage configuration to obtain an appropriate phase adjustment for the beam steering. As a proof of concept, the beam steering capability of the antenna is demonstrated by steering the main beam to -6°, 0 °, and 6 ° at 78 GHz. The measured gain at 78 GHz is 25.1 dB. The proposed antenna configuration is a promising candidate for reconfigurable, high-gain, low-profile, and low-cost antennas.
A review of cyberbullying detection: An overview

With the growth of Web 2.0, online communication and social networks are emerging. This alternation helps users to share their information and collaborate with each other easily. In addition, these internet services help establish new connections between persons or reinforce existing ones. However, they can also lead to misbehaviors or cyber criminal acts for example, cyberbullying. At the same time, it can make children and adolescents to use the technologies for the intention of harming another person. Due to the negative effect of cyberbullying, some techniques and methods are proposed to overcome this problem. This paper illustrates a survey covering some methods and challenges in cyberbullying. Next, we offer suggestions for continued research in this area.
A Range Camera Collecting Multi-Spectral Texture for Architecture Applications

This work proposes a system for the automatic construction of multi-spectral 3D models of architecture. Besides the specific application which concerns the interactive visualization and the restoration of historical buildings, the interest of the proposed techniques lays in the multi-spectral nature of the textures which allow rendering with faithful colors and in the automatism of 3D model construction. The proposed system is an effective tool for producing 3D content amenable to a great number of applications.
STEDUS, a New Educational Platform for Augmented Reality Applications

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that has drawn the attention of educators in the recent years. The technology combines virtual worlds with the real environment, creating an immersive and interactive experience for the students and trainees. Several experimental works have shown that the use of AR for learning and training purposes provides good results. However, there is no common method or practice for using AR for learning purposes. Some years ago, the creation of AR applications was possible only by means of programming. Due to this fact, it was difficult to implement the technology in the learning environment, as programming skills were needed and creating the applications was time consuming. In the recent years, researches have realised about this problem and they have been trying to cope with it. Nowadays, as a result of research work, there are some already available authoring tools that enable educators to create their own applications. However, this process is still time consuming (and sometimes also still difficult) for the educator as the applications need to be created individually and they usually stay on the creator’s computer only. They can be reused by the educator and even by the educator’s institution, but other institutions cannot take advantage of the work. In this paper we present STEDUS, a new platform that enables schools and universities to have a common access to a growing number of AR applications for learning purposes. The applications are created on demand and offered to all subscribed customers. In this platform, the creation process is carried out by technical workers, while the educational work relies on the educators. The platform contains a common engine for Augmented Reality and enables the educators to download the available applications that they may need. Therefore, institutions from the whole World can benefit of the work that has been carried out in other places, thus creating a collaborative environment.
Optical and Long-Wavelength Afterglow from Gamma-Ray Bursts

We discuss the evolution of cosmological gamma-ray burst remnants, consisting of the cooling and expanding fireball ejecta together with any swept-up external matter, after the gamma-ray event. We show that significant optical emission is predicted, which should be measurable for timescales of hours after the event, and in some cases radio emission may be expected days to weeks after the event. The flux at optical, X-ray, and other long wavelengths decays as a power of time, and the initial value of the flux or magnitude, as well as the value of the time-decay exponent, should help to distinguish between possible types of dissipative fireball models.
The Buffering-Boosting Hypothesis of the Expression of General and Personal Belief in a Just World for Successes and Failures

Although past research on the expression of belief in a just world (BJW) identified such statements as judgment norms, it has not ascertained whether their social value holds when individuals refer to good and bad outcomes. We investigated whether this is the case – a more stringent test of the “BJW as judgment norms” view. Participants judged the targets on two dimensions of social value: social desirability and social utility. We hypothesized, and found, that high versus low BJW buffered the negativity of the associated negative dimension(s) of discourses and boosted the positivity of the associated positive dimension(s) of discourses. This buffering-boosting pattern is discussed as revealing the system justification functions of the expression of BJW.
Food deprivation induces conspecific pup‐killing in mice

Periods of 24 to 48 hours of food deprivation reliably induced pup-killing in 30–50% of non-killer male mice. The behavior was prevented by previous experience with young and did not perseverate to non-deprived states. Castrated males and intact females also exhibited pup-killing following food deprivation, suggesting that the behavior is neither sexdependent nor related to the presence of testosterone. The findings are discussed in terms of their relationship to predatory behaviors and population dynamics.
Cooperative and Opposing Effects of Strategic and Involuntary Attention

To assess whether working memory contents can effectively bias visual selection even when they do not represent the current target in the attention task, we recorded the ERP activity from participants performing both a memory task and, in the retention period, a visual search task. In this task, a distracter matching the memory content could be presented on the same side (congruent trials) or on the opposite side (incongruent trials) relative to the target location (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2). On some trials, only the matching distracter (but no target) was presented (catch trials, Experiment 2). Results showed that the N2pc component was modulated by the presence and location of a matching distracter. We interpret these results as evidence that the involuntary control exerted by the irrelevant memory contents coexists with the strategic mechanism related to the search target, influencing attention selection with roughly equal power. In Experiment 3, we found that the modulation of the N2pc is not strictly related to the active maintenance of the memory-target features but can also be elicited by repetition priming. Overall, these findings suggest that, together with the physical properties of the stimuli presented in the visual field, irrelevant memory contents represent a powerful class of factors that lead to involuntary attentional control.
Dopamine Transporter Activity Mediates Amphetamine-Induced Inhibition of Akt through a Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II-Dependent Mechanism

The primary mechanism for clearance of extracellular dopamine (DA) is uptake mediated by the dopamine transporter (DAT), which is governed, in part, by the number of functional DATs on the cell surface. Previous studies have shown that amphetamine (AMPH) decreases DAT cell surface expression, whereas insulin reverses this effect through the action of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Therefore, it is possible that AMPH causes DAT cell surface redistribution by inhibiting basal insulin signaling. Here, we show in a heterologous expression system and in murine striatal synaptosomes that AMPH causes a time-dependent decrease in the activity of Akt, a protein kinase immediately downstream of PI3K. This effect was blocked by the DAT inhibitor cocaine, suggesting that AMPH must interact with DAT to inhibit Akt. We also showed that AMPH is able to stimulate Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activity, both in the heterologous expression system as well as in murine striatal synaptosomes. The ability of AMPH to decrease Akt activity was blocked by the CaMKII inhibitor 2-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]-N-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)]amino-N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylbenzylamine (KN93), but not by its inactive analog 2-[N-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)]amino-N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylbenzylamine (KN92). Furthermore, preincubation with KN93 prevented the AMPH-induced decrease in DAT cell surface expression. Thus, AMPH, but not cocaine, decreases Akt activity through a CaMKII-dependent pathway, thereby providing a novel mechanism by which AMPH regulates insulin signaling and DAT trafficking.
Expression of janusin (J1–160/180) in the retina and optic nerve of the developing and adult mouse

We have analyzed the expression of the oligodendrocyte‐derived extracellular matrix molecule janusin (previously termed J1–160/180) in the retina and optic nerve ofdeveloping and adult mice using indirect light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, immunoblot analysis, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In the optic nerve, janusin is not detectable in neonatal and only weakly detectable in 7‐day‐old animals. Expression is at a peak in 2‐ or 3‐week‐old animals and subsequently decreases with inceasing age. In the retina, expression inceases until the third postnatal week and then remains at a constant level. In immunocytochemical investigations at the light microscopic level, janusin was found in the myelinated regions of the nerve with spots of increased immunoreactivity possibly corresponding to an accumulation of the light microscopic level, janusin was found in the myelinated regions of the nerve with sports of increased immunoreactivity possibly corresponding to an accumulation of the molecule at the nodes of Ranvier. At the electron microscopic level, contact sites between unmyelinated axons, between axons, and glial cells, and between axons and processes of myelinating oligodendrocytes were immunoreactive. Cell surfaces of astrocytes at the periphery of the nerve and forming the glial‐limiting membrane, in contrast, were only weakly immunopositive or negative. In cell cultures of young postnatal mouse or rat optic nerves, oligodendrocytes and type‐2 astrocytes, but not type‐1 astrocytes were stained by janusin antibodies. In the oligodendrocyte‐free retina, janusin was detectable in association with neuronal cell surfaces, but not with cell surfaces of Muller cells or retinal astrocytes. Our observations indicate that expression of janusin in the optic nerve and in the retina is developmentally differentially regulated and that other cell types, in addition to oligodendrocytes, express the molecule. Since the time course of janusin expression in the optic nerve coincides with the appearance of oligodendrocytes and myelin and since janusin is associated with cell surfaces of oligodendrocytes and outer aspects of myelin sheaths and is concentrated at nodes of Ranvier, we suggest that janusin is functionally involved in the process of myelination. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reading motivation: A domain-specific approach to motivation

I discuss research on the nature of motivation in the domain of reading, making a case for the need to examine the domain specificity of motivational constructs. After a review of relevant motivation theory and research, I describe the development of a questionnaire measure of reading motivation and summarize the results of 2 studies that utilized the questionnaire. From the studies' results, it is clear that children's reading motivation is multidimensional and that it relates to both the frequency of their reading and their reading performance. Certain of the aspects of reading motivation may be unique to reading. I conclude with a discussion of the development of reading motivation and how reading motivation is influenced by different classroom contexts and programs.
Optimizing Spaced $k$-mer Neighbors for Efficient Filtration in Protein Similarity Search

Large-scale comparison or similarity search of genomic DNA and protein sequence is of fundamental importance in modern molecular biology. To perform DNA and protein sequence similarity search efficiently, seeding (or filtration) method has been widely used where only sequences sharing a common pattern or “seed” are subject to detailed comparison. Therefore these methods trade search sensitivity with search speed. In this paper, we introduce a new seeding method, called spaced k-mer neighbors, which provides a better tradeoff between the sensitivity and speed in protein sequence similarity search. With the method of spaced k-mer neighbors, for each spaced k-mer, a set of spaced k-mers is selected as its neighbors. These pre-selected spaced k-mer neighbors are then used to detect hits between query sequence and database sequences. We propose an efficient heuristic algorithm for the spaced neighbor selection. Our computational experimental results demonstrate that the method of spaced k-mer neighbors can improve the overall tradeoff efficiency over existing seeding methods.
Clinically Relevant Depressive Symptoms in Young Stroke Patients - Results of the sifap1 Study

Background: Although post-stroke depression is widely recognized, less is known about depressive symptoms in the acute stage of stroke and especially in young stroke patients. We thus investigated depressive symptoms and their determinants in such a cohort. Methods: The Stroke in Young Fabry Patients study (sifap1) prospectively recruited a large multinational European cohort (n = 5,023) of patients with a cerebrovascular event aged 18-55. For assessing clinically relevant depressive symptoms (CRDS, defined by a BDI-score ≥18) the self-reporting Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was obtained on inclusion in the study. Associations with baseline parameters, stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS), and brain MRI findings were analyzed. Results: From the 2007 patients with BDI documentation, 202 (10.1%) had CRDS. CRDS were observed more frequently in women (12.6 vs. 8.2% in men, p < 0.001). Patients with CRDS more often had arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia than patients without CRDS (hypertension: 58.0 vs. 47.1%, p = 0.017; diabetes mellitus: 17.9 vs. 8.9%, p < 0.001; hyperlipidemia: 40.5 vs. 32.3%, p = 0.012). In the subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke or TIA (n = 1,832) no significant associations between CRDS and cerebral MRI findings such as the presence of acute infarcts (68.1 vs. 65.8%, p = 0.666), old infarctions (63.4 vs. 62.1%, p = 0.725) or white matter hyper-intensities (51.6 vs. 53.7%, p = 0.520) were found. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were present in 10.1% of young stroke patients in the acute phase, and were related to risk factors but not to imaging findings.
Congenital heart block: HLA differences between affected children and healthy siblings in four Finnish families

Congenital heart block without intracardiac anatomic malformations is a potentially lethal disease affecting children and newborns. The mother often has an autoimmune disorder with autoantibodies against SS‐A/Ro and/or SS‐B/La antigens. However, only a minority of the children of these mothers develop complete heart block. It is believed that the maternal antibodies are pathogenic, but other immunological mechanisms such as cell‐mediated injury cannot be excluded. Maternal cells may recognize fetal antigens adjacent to fetal HLA, and thus some children may be more susceptible to heart block than others, depending on their HLA genetics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there are HLA differences between children with heart block and their healthy siblings. Six affected children in four families and their siblings were studied. MHC class I were typed serologically and class II and some non‐HLA alleles were typed by DNA techniques. DQB1*03/04 were seen more often in the affected children than in the siblings. Some other differences were also seen in the other antigens of the MHC area.
A First Look at White Dwarf-M Dwarf Pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We have identified 109 white dwarf (WD)–M dwarf pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with g < 20th magnitude. For each system we determined the temperature of the WD primary and the spectral type of the M dwarf secondary. Using Hα emission as a proxy for the chromospheric activity level of the M dwarf, we investigated correlations between the activity level and properties of the system. Compared with field M dwarfs previously observed in the Palomar/MSU Survey, we see a slightly higher active fraction of early-type stars, with activity levels similar to the field. We have conducted follow-up observations at the ARC 3.5 m telescope to obtain radial velocity information and to search for short-period binaries that may be on the verge of interacting. We report on one system with a 4.1 hr period and several additional systems with significant velocity variations.