Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Seeding Rates, Interrow Mowing, and Electrocution for Weed Management in Organic No-Till Planted Soybean

Abstract No-till planting organic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] into roller-crimped cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) can have several advantages over traditional tillage-based organic production. However, suboptimal cereal rye growth in fields with large populations of weeds may result in reduced weed suppression, weed–crop competition, and soybean yield loss. Ecological weed management theory suggests that integrating multiple management practices that may be weakly effective on their own can collectively provide high levels of weed suppression. In 2021 and 2022, a field experiment was conducted in central New York to evaluate the performance of three weed management tactics implemented alone and in combination in organic no-till soybean planted into both cereal rye mulch and no mulch: (1) increasing crop seeding rate, (2) interrow mowing, and (3) weed electrocution. A nontreated control treatment that did not receive any weed management and a weed-free control treatment were also included. Cereal rye was absent from two of the five fields where the experiment was repeated; however, the presence of cereal rye did not differentially affect results, and thus data were pooled across fields. All treatments that included interrow mowing reduced weed biomass by at least 60% and increased soybean yield by 14% compared with the nontreated control. The use of a high seeding rate or weed electrocution, alone or in combination, did not improve weed suppression or soybean yield relative to the nontreated control. Soybean yield across all treatments was at least 22% lower than in the weed-free control plot. Future research should explore the effects of the tactics tested on weed population and community dynamics over an extended period. Indirect effects from interrow mowing and weed electrocution should also be studied, such as the potential for improved harvestability, decreased weed seed production and viability, and the impacts on soil organisms and agroecosystem biodiversity.
A study on the application of SAM classification algorithm in seal of calligraphy and painting based on hyperspectral technology

As an important part of Chinese painting and calligraphy, the seal not only has a high value of art, but also contains a lot of information about the author. Hyperspectral data has its unique advantages in the identification of the Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy seal. In this paper, the seal of WangXu collected by Capital Museum is taken as the research object. Firstly, hyperspectral image data of 400-1000nm wavelength range are collected by hyperspectral imaging instrument. Secondly, the average spectral curve is obtained by extracting the region of interest. The spectral angle mapping classification method is used to carry on the classification algorithm of the seal area. The threshold of spectral angle mapping should be focused, so as to achieve a better effect of mapping. With the comparison of the SAM classification effect of different thresholds in the seal of the painting and calligraphy, we have explored the spectral angle mapping rules of seal, and got the best classification threshold. The accuracy of classification and recognition of Chinese painting and calligraphy seal is greatly improved, and the hyperspectral imaging technology can be applied more effectively and efficiently to the identification and recognition of Chinese painting and calligraphy.
Dietary protein levels modulate the gut microbiome composition through fecal samples derived from lactating ewes

In ruminants, the digestion and utilization of dietary proteins are closely linked to the bacterial populations that are present in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, 16S rDNA sequencing, together with a metagenomic strategy was used to characterize the fecal bacteria of ewes in the early lactation stage after feeding with three levels of dietary proteins 8.58%, 10.34%, and 13.93%, in three different groups (H_1), (H_m) and (H_h), respectively. A total of 376,278,516 clean data-points were obtained by metagenomic sequencing. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, regardless of the dietary protein levels. In the H_h group, the phyla Proteobacteria, Caldiserica, and Candidatus_Cryosericota were less abundant than those in the H_I group. In contrast, Lentisphaerae, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes were significantly more abundant in the H_h group. Some genera, such as Prevotella, Roseburia, and Firmicutes_unclassified, were less abundant in the H_h group than those in the H_I group. In contrast, Ruminococcus, Ruminococcaceae_noname, Anaerotruncus, Thermotalae, Lentisphaerae_noname, and Paraprevotella were enriched in the H_h group. The acquired microbial genes were mainly clustered into biological processes; molecular functions; cytosol; cellular components; cytoplasm; structural constituents of ribosomes; plasma membranes; translation; and catalytic activities. 205987 genes were significantly enriched in the H_h group. In contrast, 108129 genes were more abundant in the H_I group. Our findings reveal that dynamic changes in fecal bacteria and their genes are strongly influenced by the levels of dietary proteins. We discovered that differentially expressed genes mainly regulate metabolic activity and KEGG demonstrated the primary involvement of these genes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, and vitamins. Additionally, genes responsible for metabolism were more abundant in the H_h group. Investigating fecal bacterial characteristics may help researchers develop a dietary formula for lactating ewes to optimize the growth and health of ewes and lambs.
Statistical analysis of extreme forest fires

Forest fires can cause extensive damage to natural resources and properties. They can also destroy wildlife habitat, affect the forest ecosystem and threaten human lives. In this paper extreme wildland fires are analysed using a point process model for extremes. The model based on a generalised Pareto distribution is used to model data on acres of wildland burnt by extreme fire in the US since 1825. A semi-parametric smoothing approach is adapted with maximum likelihood method to estimate model parameters.
Dynamically Shifting Multimodal Representations via Hybrid-Modal Attention for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

In the field of multimodal machine learning, multimodal sentiment analysis task has been an active area of research. The predominant approaches focus on learning efficient multimodal representations containing intra- and inter-modality information. However, the heterogeneous nature of different modalities brings great challenges to multimodal representation learning. In this article, we propose a multi-stage fusion framework to dynamically fine-tune multimodal representations via a hybrid-modal attention mechanism. Previous methods mostly only fine-tune the textual representation due to the success of large corpus pre-trained models and neglect the inconsistency problem of different modality spaces. Thus, we design a module called the Multimodal Shifting Gate (MSG) to fine-tune the three modalities by modeling inter-modality dynamics and shifting representations. We also adopt a module named Masked Bimodal Adjustment (MBA) on the textual modality to improve the inconsistency of parameter spaces and reduce the modality gap. In addition, we utilize syntactic-level and semantic-level textual features output from different layers of the Transformer model to sufficiently capture the intra-modality dynamics. Moreover, we construct a Shifting HuberLoss to robustly introduce the variation of the shifting value into the training process. Extensive experiments on the public datasets, including CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI, demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Adaptive Modified Current-Mode Control of a Hybrid High Voltage Gain Converter

An adaptive modified current-mode control scheme is applied to the control of a hybrid high voltage gain dc-dc converter with an uncertain load resistance. The hybrid high-gain converter provides a higher voltage gain as compared to the traditional boost converter. The proposed control scheme for the converter has additional features not found in the existing current-mode control strategies which will enhance performance. The stability analysis of the controlled system is performed to gain some insight into its closed-loop behavior. A comparative study of the proposed controller and the existing current-mode controllers under various parameter changes is carried out to show its features. Experimental results are also provided.
A novel adaptive optics illumination device for in vivo imaging of fluorescently labeled specimens

We developed a small form factor, microscope objective like, wavefront shaping assisted optical device (Wavelens) to produce and control illumination patterns for use on Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microcopy (LSFM). We characterize it and demonstrate its capability to perform in vivo imaging using fluorescently labeled specimens, outperforming conventional optics.
Attention mechanisms and emotion judgment for Korean and American emotional faces: an eye movement study

Introduction This study investigates attention mechanisms and the accuracy of emotion judgment among South Korean children by employing Korean and American faces in conjunction with eye-tracking technology. Methods A total of 42 participants were individually presented with photos featuring either Korean or American children, and their task was to judge the emotions conveyed through the facial expressions in each photo. The participants’ eye movements during picture viewing were meticulously observed using an eye tracker. Results The analysis of the emotion judgment task outcomes revealed that the accuracy scores for discerning emotions of joy, sadness, and anger in Korean emotional faces were found to be significantly higher than those for American children. Conversely, no significant difference in accuracy scores was observed for the recognition of fear emotion between Korean and American faces. Notably, the study also uncovered distinct patterns of fixation duration among children, depending on whether they were viewing Korean or American faces. These patterns predominantly manifested in the three main facial areas of interest, namely the eyes, nose, and mouth. Discussion The observed phenomena can be best understood within the framework of the “other-race effect. ” Consequently, this prototype formation leads to heightened accuracy in recognizing and interpreting emotional expressions exhibited by faces belonging to the same racial group. The present study contributes to a deeper understanding of how attention mechanisms and other-race effects impact emotion judgment among South Korean children. The utilization of eye-tracking technology enhances the validity and precision of our findings, providing valuable insights for both theoretical models of face processing and practical applications in various fields such as psychology, education, and intercultural communication.
Systematics, biogeography and phylogenomics of northern bog lemmings (Cricetidae), cold-temperate rodents of conservation concern under global change

Northern bog lemmings, Mictomys (Synaptomys) borealis, are currently being assessed for protections under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. A major impediment to comprehensive evaluation is a deficiency of data towards understanding the biology of these rodents. Inherent rarity and scarce specimen sampling, despite a continent-wide distribution, has precluded our ability to implement modern methods for resolving taxonomy, evolutionary history, and investigating multiple other species traits. Here we use a maternally inherited locus (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and between 5939 and 11 513 nuclear loci from reduced representation sequencing (ddRADseq) to investigate the evolutionary history of northern bog lemmings. We (1) qualify evidence based on morphological and early molecular studies for the genus assignment of Mictomys, (2) test the validity of multiple sub-species designations, (3) provide spatial and temporal historical biogeographic perspectives, and (4) discuss how incomplete sampling might influence conservation efforts. Both mitochondrial and nuclear datasets exhibit deep divergence and paraphyly between two recognized species, the northern (Mictomys borealis) and southern (Synaptomys cooperi) bog lemmings. Based on mtDNA, the geographically isolated subspecies (M. b. sphagnicola) was found to be divergent from all other specimens. The remainder of the species exhibited shallow intra-specific differentiation in mtDNA, however, nuclear data supports genetic distinction consistent with four geographic subspecies. Recent coalescence of all northern bog lemmings (except for M. b. sphagnicola) reflects divergence in multiple refugia through the last glacial cycle, including a well-known coastal center of endemism and multiple regions south of continental ice sheets. Regional lineages across North America suggest strong latitudinal displacement with global climate change, coupled with isolation-reconnection dynamics. This taxon suffers from a lack of modern samples through most of its distribution, severely limiting the interpretation of ongoing evolutionary processes, particularly in southern portions of the species’ range. Limited voucher specimen sampling of vulnerable populations could aid in rigorous conservation decision-making.
THE FINANCIAL MANAGERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND NON-ACCOUNTING OWNERSHIP ON THE SUCCESS OF ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING IMPLEMENTATION IN JORDANIAN INDUSTRIAL SHAREHOLDING COMPANIES

Activity-based costing (ABC) system is widely accepted as an innovative and alternative costing system to handle the deficiencies of traditional costing systems. This paper examines the direct impact of information technology and non-accounting ownership on the successful implementation of ABC. Based on recent reports and academic works, the present study aims to cope with the issue in industrial companies concerning the low ABC rate. A quantitative approach design was employed using a questionnaire to address the paper objectives. 327 financial mangers responses were gained from Jordanian industrial shareholding companies. The present research has several contributions to fulfill the gap in recent literature, some of which are theoretical while others are practical by elaborating the direct impacts of the critical factors in the successful implementation of ABC in the industrial sector in the context of developing countries including Jordan.
The Effects of Recreational Cannabis Access on the Labor Market: Evidence from Colorado

Recreational access to cannabis may have a positive effect on labor demand due to investments in growing, processing and retail cannabis facilities, and spillovers to interconnected industries such as manufacturing, and leisure and hospitality. Using county-level Colorado data from 2011-2018 and exploiting the variation in the timing of commencement of sale of dispensaries, we test for changes in the unemployment rate, employment and wages, overall as well as in manufacturing, construction, and services. Consistent with an increase in labor demand, we estimate that the sale of recreational cannabis through dispensaries is associated with a 0.7 percentage point decrease in the unemployment rate with no effect on total labor force participation. We also find a 4.5 percent increase in the overall number of employees, with effects concentrated in manufacturing and services. We do not find an effect on average weekly wages overall or by sector. Given the lack of a reduction in labor force participation or wages, negative effects on labor supply are likely limited, in line with the existing literature. The decrease in the unemployment rate, coupled with an increase in the number of employees, indicates that labor demand effects are likely to dominate. Our results suggest that policymakers considering recreational access to cannabis should account for increased employment as a possible outcome.
CNN-LSTM Hybrid Model to Promote Signal Processing of Ultrasonic Guided Lamb Waves for Damage Detection in Metallic Pipelines

The ultrasonic guided lamb wave approach is an effective non-destructive testing (NDT) method used for detecting localized mechanical damage, corrosion, and welding defects in metallic pipelines. The signal processing of guided waves is often challenging due to the complexity of the operational conditions and environment in the pipelines. Machine learning approaches in recent years, including convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), have exhibited their advantages to overcome these challenges for the signal processing and data classification of complex systems, thus showing great potential for damage detection in critical oil/gas pipeline structures. In this study, a CNN-LSTM hybrid model was utilized for decoding ultrasonic guided waves for damage detection in metallic pipelines, and twenty-nine features were extracted as input to classify different types of defects in metallic pipes. The prediction capacity of the CNN-LSTM model was assessed by comparing it to those of CNN and LSTM. The results demonstrated that the CNN-LSTM hybrid model exhibited much higher accuracy, reaching 94.8%, as compared to CNN and LSTM. Interestingly, the results also revealed that predetermined features, including the time, frequency, and time–frequency domains, could significantly improve the robustness of deep learning approaches, even though deep learning approaches are often believed to include automated feature extraction, without hand-crafted steps as in shallow learning. Furthermore, the CNN-LSTM model displayed higher performance when the noise level was relatively low (e.g., SNR = 9 or higher), as compared to the other two models, but its prediction dropped gradually with the increase of the noise.
Comunidade bacteriana de uma área do bioma pampa

8 1Introdução . 9 1.1Bioma Pampa . 10 1.2A importância dos microrganismos . 11 1.3Indicadores Bioquímicos do solo. 12 1.4O acesso a diversidade bacteriana . 14 2Objetivos . 16 3Capítulo I . 17 4Conclusões Gerais . 45 5Referências Bibliográficas . 46
Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export

Gene expression in eukaryotes begins with transcription in the nucleus, followed by the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then exported to the cytoplasm for its translation into proteins. Along with transcription and translation, mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an essential regulatory step in eukaryotic gene expression. Multiple factors regulate mRNA export and hence gene expression. Interestingly, proteins from certain types of viruses interact with these factors in infected cells, and such an interaction interferes with the mRNA export of the host cell in favor of viral RNA export. Thus, these viruses hijack the host mRNA nuclear export mechanism, leading to a reduction in host gene expression and the downregulation of immune/antiviral responses. On the other hand, the viral mRNAs successfully evade the host surveillance system and are efficiently exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation, which enables the continuation of the virus life cycle. Here, we present this review to summarize the mechanisms by which viruses suppress host mRNA nuclear export during infection, as well as the key strategies that viruses use to facilitate their mRNA nuclear export. These studies have revealed new potential antivirals that may be used to inhibit viral mRNA transport and enhance host mRNA nuclear export, thereby promoting host gene expression and immune responses.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF ISLAMIC AND INDONESIAN-BASED CONTEXTUAL SCIENCE LITERACY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS

This study aims to determine the validity of the Islamic and Indonesian-based contextual scientific literacy assessment instrument (ALSKII) using the Rasch model. This instrument was developed in the context of Covid-19 as a socio-scientific issue that is presented in a structured manner with a plural model, namely scientific and socio-scientific. The scientific model represents the content of science which is presented in three models, namely mechanistic, systematic, and mathematical. The socio-scientific model is a scientific context that is integrated with religion and nation. This instrument has five skills which are made into 25 question items. The sample of this research is 75 final-semester science education students who were selected purposively. The results showed that the Islamic and Indonesian-based contextual scientific literacy assessment instrument was valid and reliable with a person measure the value of 0.73, MNSQ person and item close to 0.0, person and ZSTD item close to 1.0, Cronbach alpha 0.67, person reliability 0.64 and item reliability 0.95. This instrument can be an alternative in the assessment of scientific literacy based on religion and the state. The instrument can also be further developed according to the context and socio-scientific issues that need to be solved in the community.
Sea Ice Loss, Water Vapor Increases, and Their Interactions with Atmospheric Energy Transport in Driving Seasonal Polar Amplification

The ice-albedo feedback associated with sea ice loss contributes to polar amplification, while the water vapor feedback contributes to tropical amplification of surface warming. However, these feedbacks are not independent of atmospheric energy transport, raising the possibility of complex interactions that may obscure the drivers of polar amplification, in particular its manifestation across the seasonal cycle. Here, we apply a radiative transfer hierarchy to the idealized Isca climate model coupled to a thermodynamic sea ice model. The climate responses and radiative feedbacks are decomposed into the contributions from sea ice loss, including both retreat and thinning, and the radiative effect of water vapor changes. We find that summer sea ice retreat causes winter polar amplification through ocean heat uptake and release, and the resulting decrease in dry energy transport weakens the magnitude of warming. Moreover, sea ice thinning is found to suppress summer warming and enhance winter warming, additionally contributing to winter amplification. The water vapor radiative effect produces seasonally symmetric polar warming via offsetting effects: enhanced moisture in the summer hemisphere induces the summer water vapor feedback and simultaneously strengthens the winter latent energy transport in the winter hemisphere by increasing the meridional moisture gradient. These results reveal the importance of changes in atmospheric energy transport induced by sea ice retreat and increased water vapor to seasonal polar amplification, elucidating the interactions among these physical processes.