Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Removing Solar Radiation Based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition Method for Seismo-Ionospheric Anomaly Before the M9.0 Tohoku Earthquake

The ionospheric effect from solar activity can be seen as the background in the process of detecting the ionospheric precursor prior to strong earthquakes.The ionospheric variation induced by the forthcoming earthquake can be covered by the strong solar background during the period of high solar activity.The issue of how to remove the ionospheric effect from solar radiation is of outstanding significance.In this paper,a method of Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) is used to eliminate the solar background.As a case study,the global ionospheric map TEC before the M9.0 Tohoku earthquake on 11 March 2011 is analyzed.After the effect of solar radiation is removed using the EMD method,the precursor of the imminent earthquake is more obvious.The ionospheric anomaly had a local character and only appeared close to the earthquake epicenter while the useful signals were covered by the solar radiation background with traditional method,which implies that the EMD method is effective in eliminating solar radiation background.
Morphometrics as a Tool for the Species Identification of North American Bald and Golden Eagle Primary Feathers

ABSTRACT. Eagle feathers are among the most commonly trafficked items in the illegal wildlife trade in the United States. Although the tail and secondary wing feathers of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) generally exhibit identifiable patterns by which the species of origin can be determined, there is a lack of data allowing for the morphological identification of the commonly encountered, unpatterned outer primary wing feathers. To test if the shape of the primary feathers differed between the two species, I measured the notch and emargination heights of the outer five primaries (P10–P6) from specimens at the National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory collection and the National Eagle Repository. Although there was some overlap in lengths of the feather emargination and notch heights of both species, the results demonstrate that measurements of the outermost primaries do allow for the identification of many loose feathers. Overall, Golden Eagle feathers exhibit longer emarginations and notch heights than those of the Bald Eagle. These results will be valuable for law enforcement officials, ornithologists, and anthropologists studying the remains of North American eagles. RESUMEN. Las plumas de águila se encuentran entre los artículos traficados más comunes en el comercio ilegal de especies salvajes en los Estados Unidos. Aunque las plumas secundarias de las alas y la cola de Haliaeetus leucocephalus y Aquila chrysaetos generalmente muestran patrones identificables mediante los cuales se puede determinar la especie de origen, existe una carencia de datos que permitan la identificación morfológica de las plumas primarias externas del ala, que no tienen un patrón y son las más comúnmente encontradas. Para evaluar si la forma de las plumas primarias difería entre las dos especies, medí las alturas de la muesca y la emarginación de las cinco primarias externas (P10–P6) de especímenes conservados en la colección del Laboratorio Forense Nacional de Pesca y Vida Silvestre y en el Repositorio Nacional del Águila. Aunque hubo cierta superposición en las longitudes de las alturas de la emarginación y la muesca de ambas especies, los resultados muestran que las mediciones de las primarias más externas permiten la identificación de muchas plumas sueltas. En general, las plumas de A. chrysaetos muestran alturas más largas de emarginación y muesca que las de H. leucocephalus. Estos resultados serán valiosos para los oficiales encargados de hacer cumplir la ley, los ornitólogos, y los antropólogos que estudian los restos de águilas norteamericanas. [Traducción del equipo editorial]
Generic Latent Variable Sampling

We propose a generic latent variable approximation (GLVS) scheme for posterior inference in models with possibly high-dimensional spaces of latent variables. Direct sampling from the approximate posterior is possible. The new technique is applied to univariate and multivariate stochastic volatility models. The method is illustrated in both arti cial and real data.
Assessing the Impact of Biodiversity (Species Evenness) on the Trophic Position of an Invasive Species (Apple Snails) in Native and Non-Native Habitats Using Stable Isotopes

Invasive apple snails negatively impact non-native habitats and human well-being. Here, the trophic position of Pomacea canaliculata in native habitats (Maldonado, Uruguay) and non-native habitats (Hangzhou, China and Hawaii, USA) are compared. Detritus samples and tissue samples from apple snails were collected in all sites. Trophic levels were calculated as the difference between the mean δ15N values of detritus samples and corresponding apple snail tissue samples, divided by the mean δ15N fractionation for nitrogen per trophic level in freshwater habitats. The mean δ15N values of detritus in sites served as a baseline (i.e., zero trophic level), allowing direct comparisons. Linear regression analysis established a correlation between species evenness and apple snail trophic level (R2 = 0.8602) in line with a Pearson’s product-moment correlation value (−0.83) and 95% confidence interval (−0.87, −0.77). Normal quartile plots indicated two normally distributed subsets of apple snail trophic-level data: (1) a biodiverse subset containing the Uruguayan and Chinese lake sites and (2) the homogenized Hawaiian and Chinese creek sites. A precipice value for species evenness (separating biodiversity from homogenization), between (3.7) and (2.4), once descended to or surpassed separates statistically distinct, normal distributions of invasive apple snail trophic-level data from diverse versus homogenized habitats.
Nonlinear Reductive Dimension Approximate Algorithm for 0-1 Knapsack Problem

The precise and approximate algorithms solving 0-1 knapsack problem,precise algorithm could not be used to solve 0-1 knapsack problem in a short time,so it could not be applied extensively.For the reason,nonlinear reductive dimension algorithm for 0-1 knapsack problem was given here,and effectiveness of the algorithm was confirmed by numerical experiments.Compared with other some approximate(algorithms),this approximate one is more precise.
Local Anesthesia Onset and Pain Perception in Hemophilic and Thalassemic Conditions

The study aims to evaluate and compare the onset of local anesthesia (LA) and pain perception during endodontic treatment in hemophilic and thalassemic patients. Methods: The study included 90 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular molars. Three groups (n = 30 in each group) were included. Group 1: hemophilic patients; group 2: thalassemic patients; and group 3: individuals without any systemic diseases. Onset of LA and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores was recorded immediately after the administration of local anesthesia, during the pulp exposure procedure, and during canal instrumentation, and were compared between the three groups. Frequency distribution, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis (p < 0.05) were applied. Results: The mean onset time was 46 ± 34 s in the hemophilic group, 42 ± 23 s in the thalassemic group, and 38 ± 12 s in controls, but the differences were statistically insignificant. After LA administration (LA-VAS), all three groups experienced a statistically significant reduction in pain (p = 0.048). On pulp exposure (PE-VAS) (p = 0.82) and during canal instrumentation (CI-VAS) (p = 0.55), there was no statistically significant difference in pain perception between the groups. The coefficients indicate a positive correlation between the VAS and onset time, indicating a positive reduction in the VAS following the administration of LA. Conclusions: Hemophilic patients exhibited a clinically longer average onset time for LA. However, the difference among the three groups with regard to the overall pain perception after LA administration, during and after pulp exposure, and during canal instrumentation was statistically insignificant.
Bifurcations of homogeneous deformation of the bar in finite elasto-plasticity

In the paper the appropiate variational inequality related to the rate quasi-static problem and associated with a generic stage of the process is derived, with respect to the initial configuration, in the approach to finite elasto-plasticity when crystalographic slip is the sole mechanism of inelastic deformation. A complete analysis of the bifurcation of the homogeneous deformation (in the initial plastic problem) is carried out in a simple physical example, i.e. the deformation of an (f.c.c.) bar under uniaxial compressive stress in the direction of the lattice axis, when the elasto-perfect plastic crystal is considered. We find that multiple solutions can occur and determine their physical meaning (i.e. the slip mode, the change in the shape of the deformed body, the enegetic level of the bifurcated branches) by solving the appropiate variational inequalities. In connection with the bifurcation analysis we emphasize the role played by the elastic (lattice) strains, though these were supposed to be small, as well as the role of the plastic spin in describing the bifurcation of homogeneous patterns into modes characterized by shear bands.
Jules Janssen's ‘Revolver Photographique’ and its British Derivative, ‘the Janssen Slide’

The first practical device for sequential photography, invented to record the transit of Venus in 1874, was later recognized as the precursor of the movie camera. At least technically much more successful than is usually thought, Janssen's 'revolver photographique' was only grudgingly tolerated by the French authorities in 1874, but it was widely adopted in modified form by the British; the story is told in the light of the holdings of the Royal Observatory Greenwich manuscripts, now in Cambridge University Library (CUL), and of the Institut de France Library (ldFL) manuscripts, Paris. After the failure of the telescopic observations of the transits of Venus of 1761 and 1769, due to the notorious 'black drop effect', I the technical advances of the late nineteenth century made it seem that photography and clockwork could solve the difficult problem of timing the contacts precisely. This belief, and the pressing need to refine the determination of the mean Sun-Earth distance, now referred to as 'the astronomical unit', explain why the numerous expeditions mounted to observe the 1874 and 1882 transits comprised what was probably the biggest international effort ever made to observe a single astronomical phenomenon. ' In all the great seafaring countries, dedicated committees wrote endless reports to define the best strategies and to devise the most appropriate techniques to obtain objective and permanent records of the event. In 1874, there were at least 62 parties from ten or so countries sent to some 80 locations. ' Instruments had been carefully chosen and standardized in order to make all the parties' observations comparable, at least among observers from the same country. There have been various studies published recently on the transits of Venus" and on the astronomical unit problem. ' The leader of one of the French expeditions was the ruggedly individualistic and stubborn French physicist, photographer" and inventor, Jules Janssen (1824-1907), who planned to take to Japan, in addition to the 'official' instrumentation, extra telescopes of his own design, together with a repeating photographic device, the 'revolver photographique'. Jimena Canales has published a detailed analysis of the scientific and political context of the use of the 'revolver' by the French;' the object of this article is to describe how the principle of Janssen's instrument was applied to versions made in England and widely used by the British expeditions. It is clear that the British astronomers placed more reliance on the principle of the so-called 'Janssen-slide' or 'Janssen' than did their French counterparts.
Real‐Time Visualization of Microtubule and Protofilament‐Scale Dynamics in Multi‐Microtubule Arrays by Atomic Force Microscopy

Microtubules, polymers of α, β‐tubulin heterodimers, are organized into multi‐microtubule arrays for diverse cellular functions. The dynamic properties of microtubule arrays govern their structural and functional properties. While numerous insights into the biophysical mechanisms underlying microtubule organization have been gleaned from in vitro reconstitution studies, the assays are largely restricted to visualization of single or pairs of microtubules. Thus, the dynamic processes underlying the remodeling of multi‐microtubule arrays remain poorly understood. Recent work shows that Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) enables the visualization of nanoscale dynamics within multi‐microtubule 2D arrays. In this assay, electrostatic interactions permit the non‐specific adsorption of microtubule arrays to mica. AFM imaging in tapping mode, a gentle method of imaging, allows the visualization of microtubules and protofilaments without sample damage. The height information captured by AFM imaging enables the tracking of structural changes in microtubules and protofilaments within multi‐microtubule arrays over time. The experimental data from the method described here reveal previously unseen modes of nanoscale dynamics in microtubule bundles formed by the microtubule‐crosslinking protein PRC1 in the presence of the depolymerase MCAK. The observations demonstrate the potential of AFM imaging in transforming our understanding of the fundamental cellular process by which multi‐microtubule arrays are dynamically assembled and disassembled. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Establishment and Application of a Triplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Differentiation of PEDV, PoRV, and PDCoV

Porcine viral diarrhea is very common in clinical practice and has caused huge losses to the pig industry. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine rotavirus (PoRV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are important pathogens of porcine viral diarrhea. Co-infection situations among these three viruses in clinics are common, which increases the difficulty of differential diagnosis. Currently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is commonly used to detect pathogens. TaqMan real-time PCR is more sensitive than conventional PCR and has better specificity and accuracy. In this study, a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay based on TaqMan probes was developed for differential detection of PEDV, PoRV, and PDCoV. The triplex real-time RT-PCR assay developed in this study could not detect unrelated pathogens and showed satisfactory specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.0 × 101 copies/μL. Sixteen clinical samples were used to compare the results of the commercial RT-PCR kit and the triplex RT-PCR for PEDV, PoRV, and PDCoV detection, and the results were completely consistent. A total of 112 piglet diarrhea samples collected from Jiangsu province were next used to study the local prevalence of PEDV, PoRV, and PDCoV. The positive rates of PEDV, PoRV, and PDCoV detected by the triplex real-time RT-PCR were 51.79% (58/112), 59.82% (67/112), and 2.68% (3/112), respectively. The co-infections of PEDV and PoRV were frequent (26/112, 23.21%), followed by the co-infections of PDCoV and PoRV (2/112, 1.79%). This study established a useful tool for simultaneous differentiation of PEDV, PoRV, and PDCoV in practice and provided valuable information on the prevalence of these diarrhea viral pathogens in Jiangsu province.
Invasive Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides Benefits More Competition Advantage from Rhizosphere Bacteria Regardless of the Host Source

The rhizosphere plays a vital role in the exchange of materials in the soil–plant ecosystem, and rhizosphere microorganisms are crucial for plant growth and development. In this study, we isolated two strains of Pantoea rhizosphere bacteria separately from invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and native A. sessilis. We conducted a control experiment to test the effects of these bacteria on the growth and competition of the two plant species using sterile seedlings. Our findings showed that the rhizobacteria strain isolated from A. sessilis significantly promoted the growth of invasive A. philoxeroides in monoculture compared to native A. sessilis. Both strains significantly enhanced the growth and competitiveness of invasive A. philoxeroides under competition conditions, regardless of their host source. Our study suggests that rhizosphere bacteria, including those from different host sources, can contribute to the invasion of A. philoxeroides by significantly enhancing its competitiveness.
An intelligent algorithm for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions

In a photovoltaic (PV) system, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under partial shading (PS) conditions is a challenging task due to the presence of multiple peaks in the power voltage characteristics. This paper puts forward a novel artificial fish-swarm algorithm (FSA), which is optimized by particle swarm optimization with extended memory (PSOEM-FSA). In this algorithm, both the velocity inertia factor and the memory and learning capacity of PSOEM are introduced into the FSA. To validate the effectiveness of the novel algorithm, the PV system along with the proposed MPPT algorithm was simulated using Matlab/Simulink Simscape tool box. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective in MPPT under PS conditions and has a more stable performance when compared with the traditional methods in convergence speed and searching precision.
A Model of the Air–Sea Momentum Flux and Breaking-Wave Distribution for Strongly Forced Wind Waves

Abstract Under high-wind conditions, breaking surface waves likely play an important role in the air–sea momentum flux. A coupled wind–wave model is developed based on the assumption that in the equilibrium range of surface wave spectra the wind stress is dominated by the form drag of breaking waves. By conserving both momentum and energy in the air and also imposing the wave energy balance, coupled equations are derived governing the turbulent stress, wind speed, and the breaking-wave distribution (total breaking crest length per unit surface area as a function of wavenumber). It is assumed that smaller-scale breaking waves are sheltered from wind forcing if they are in airflow separation regions of longer breaking waves (spatial sheltering effect). Without this spatial sheltering, exact analytic solutions are obtained; with spatial sheltering asymptotic solutions for small- and large-scale breakers are derived. In both cases, the breaking-wave distribution approaches a constant value for large wavenumbe.
Effects of Temperature on Plasma Protein Binding Ratios (PPBRs) of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Simple Summary Enrofloxacin (EF) is a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic in aquaculture against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Ciprofloxacin (CF) has similar antibacterial activities to EF and has been developed as an aquatic medicine. It is well known that only the free concentration of a drug is effective for killing challenging pathogens. Hence, the plasma protein binding ratio (PPBR) of drugs is an important parameter in clinical medicine. Although PPBRs of EF and CF have been reported in several livestock animals, little information is available on aquatic animals. Moreover, environmental temperatures may influence the PPBR of drugs used for aquatic animals. Therefore, this study investigates PPBRs of EF and CF in the plasma of several finfish species such as yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) at different concentrations with different temperatures. The present study facilitates the design of therapeutic regimens of EF for different aquatic animals at different concentrations. Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the PPBRs of EF and CF in the plasma of yellow catfish, grass carp, and largemouth bass at different temperatures with different concentrations. A fast and simple ultrafiltration method was used to determine the PPBRs of EF and CF. Results showed that PPBRs of EF decreased from 37.71% to 9.66%, from 46.10% to 13.52%, and from 43.90% to 4.36% in the plasma of yellow catfish with the increase of concentration from 15 to 25 °C. The same trends of PPBRs of EF were presented in the plasma of grass carp and largemouth bass. In comparison to the data at the same concentration of EF at disparate temperatures, the PPBRs of EF at a concentration of 1 µg/mL increased from 37.71% to 46.10% and then decreased to 43.90% in the plasma of yellow catfish with elevated temperature from 15 to 25 °C. There is no obvious regularity with the rise of temperature, and the same phenomenon also were found in other concentrations and species. Meanwhile, the PPBRs of CF also decreased in the three species with the rise in concentration. Under the consistent concentration, the temperature-dependent regularities were not found in the PPBRs of CF. Overall, the increased concentration reduced the PPBRs of EF and CF in the plasma of three fish species, and the alteration in temperature only has a certain effect on the PPBRs of EF and CF.
A Probabilistic and Distributed Validation Framework Based on Blockchain for Artificial Intelligence of Things

Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) applications have advanced rapidly. However, most of them are inherently vulnerable to security threats and may be the source of spoofing attacks, and meanwhile, in AIoT systems, the transfer of real-time data from terminals and the cloud strains network bandwidth. To defend against attacks, save network forwarding resources, and relieve authentication pressure on the receiver end, it is essential to verify the source identity of AIoT terminals on the forwarding path. In this article, we propose PDIV, a probabilistic and distributed identity validation solution for AIoT applications. In the framework of PDIV, honest forwarders can verify the authenticity of the source identity of packets with a certain probability and filter spoofed packets to prevent them from spreading, reduce end-to-end network latency, and increase throughput as much as possible. Additionally, PDIV, a blockchain-based system that uses Merkle Patricia Trie (MPT) on the blockchain, makes it practical and efficient to realize distributed storage and verification of identity information. Moreover, we theorize about the tradeoff between PDIV network performance and detection effectiveness, as well as how PDIV enables defenses against different attacks, such as spoofing and Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks. Furthermore, we implement PDIV on network simulator version 3 (NS3) and evaluate its performance. The simulation results demonstrate that PDIV can prevent the spread of spoofed packets effectively and PDIV works better than currently available blockchain-based public-key infrastructure (PKI) approaches in terms of network latency.