Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete plastid genome sequence of Primula sinensis (Primulaceae): structure comparison, sequence variation and evidence for accD transfer to nucleus

Species-rich genus Primula L. is a typical plant group with which to understand genetic variance between species in different levels of relationships. Chloroplast genome sequences are used to be the information resource for quantifying this difference and reconstructing evolutionary history. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Primula sinensis and compared it with other related species. This genome of chloroplast showed a typical circular quadripartite structure with 150,859 bp in sequence length consisting of 37.2% GC base. Two inverted repeated regions (25,535 bp) were separated by a large single-copy region (82,064 bp) and a small single-copy region (17,725 bp). The genome consists of 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Among them, seven coding genes, seven tRNA genes and four rRNA genes have two copies due to their locations in the IR regions. The accD and infA genes lacking intact open reading frames (ORF) were identified as pseudogenes. SSR and sequence variation analyses were also performed on the plastome of Primula sinensis, comparing with another available plastome of P. poissonii. The four most variable regions, rpl36–rps8, rps16–trnQ, trnH–psbA and ndhC–trnV, were identified. Phylogenetic relationship estimates using three sub-datasets extracted from a matrix of 57 protein-coding gene sequences showed the identical result that was consistent with previous studies. A transcript found from P. sinensis transcriptome showed a high similarity to plastid accD functional region and was identified as a putative plastid transit peptide at the N-terminal region. The result strongly suggested that plastid accD has been functionally transferred to the nucleus in P. sinensis.
ElemeNT: a computational tool for detecting core promoter elements

Core promoter elements play a pivotal role in the transcriptional output, yet they are often detected manually within sequences of interest. Here, we present 2 contributions to the detection and curation of core promoter elements within given sequences. First, the Elements Navigation Tool (ElemeNT) is a user-friendly web-based, interactive tool for prediction and display of putative core promoter elements and their biologically-relevant combinations. Second, the CORE database summarizes ElemeNT-predicted core promoter elements near CAGE and RNA-seq-defined Drosophila melanogaster transcription start sites (TSSs). ElemeNT's predictions are based on biologically-functional core promoter elements, and can be used to infer core promoter compositions. ElemeNT does not assume prior knowledge of the actual TSS position, and can therefore assist in annotation of any given sequence. These resources, freely accessible at http://lifefaculty.biu. ac.il/gershon-tamar/index.php/resources, facilitate the identification of core promoter elements as active contributors to gene expression.
Frequency of Fungal Sensitisation in Patients with Severe Atopic Asthma

Background: The incidence of mould allergy ranges from 6 to 24% in the general population, up to 44% among atopics and 80% among asthmatics. Since 2006, SAFS became recognized as a new phenotype of asthma, and was conceptualized as a continuum of fungal sensitization, with asthma at one end and ABPA at the other. The paucity of data and ambiguity in diagnostic criteria currently renders SAFS more of a diagnosis of exclusion than a specific entity. Objective: Our aim was to identify frequency of SAFS in atopic severe asthma patients attending our tertiary care clinic. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a cohort of 50 patients with severe atopic asthma. All patients were subjected to history taking for asthma symptoms, skin test with fungal antigens, total IgE level, peripheral blood eosinophilia, chest x-ray and high resolution CT chest. Results: We demonstrated SAFS in 38 patients (76%). Fungal allergens that demonstrated statistical significance in SAFS patients were Alternaria alternata in 65.8%, Aspergillus fumigatus in 53.3% and Cladosporium in 52.6%. Conclusion: We report high frequency of fungal sensitisation (76%). There is a need for better recognition of SAFS as it is rather under recognized.
The effect of 8 weeks resistance training with submaximal intensity on muscle fitness in 16-18 years old male soccer players.

The purpose of the present research was to determine the effects of 8 weeks resistance training with submaximal intensity on Muscle Fitness in 16-18 Years Old Male Soccer Players. The research was quasiexperimental and the population consisted of all the 16-18 Years Old male soccer players. Twenty soccer players invited to a local team’s camp in Minudasht were selected as sample. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups—one experimental groups and a control group (Experimental group: 17.19±0.73 years, 59.49 ± 9.82 kg, 171.50 ± 6.93cm; and the control group: 17.40 ± 0.42 years, 52.64± 4.41 kg, 170.10 ± 6.93 cm). The independent variables of the research were 8 weeks resistance training with submaximal intensity and the dependent variables were lower-body muscle endurance, maximum lower-body strength and abdominal muscle endurance. First, the subjects took the pretest, and then the experimental group performed the selected exercises along with technical soccer exercises, while the control group only performed the technical soccer exercises for 8 weeks. Finally, all the subjects took the posttest. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (correlated t-test) statistics. The results showed that resistance training led to change in lower-body muscle endurance, maximum lower-body strength and abdominal muscle endurance. Thus, considering the results of the research, resistance training is probably effective for improving lower-body muscle endurance, maximum lower-body strength and abdominal muscle endurance in 16-18 Years Old male soccer players.
A learning-based method for combining testing techniques

This work presents a method to combine testing techniques adaptively during the testing process. It intends to mitigate the sources of uncertainty of software testing processes, by learning from past experience and, at the same time, adapting the technique selection to the current testing session. The method is based on machine learning strategies. It uses offline strategies to take historical information into account about the techniques performance collected in past testing sessions; then, online strategies are used to adapt the selection of test cases to the data observed as the testing proceeds. Experimental results show that techniques performance can be accurately characterized from features of the past testing sessions, by means of machine learning algorithms, and that integrating this result into the online algorithm allows improving the fault detection effectiveness with respect to single testing techniques, as well as to their random combination.
RISQUE D’AGRESSIVITÉ FISCALE, RÉPUTATION ET GOUVERNANCE

L’utilisation de planifications fiscales agressives par les entreprises peut engendrer des obligations financieres importantes et une perte de reputation lorsqu’elles sont detectees par les autorites fiscales. Une etude publiee par KPMG en 2004 revele que, malgre le fait que la direction des entreprises a l’obligation de maximiser la richesse des actionnaires, la minimisation du fardeau fiscal d’une societe par le respect strict de la loi n’est plus aujourd’hui une pratique acceptable. En effet, un tel comportement peut nuire a la reputation de la societe et ainsi detruire la richesse de l’actionnaire. Par consequent, la fiscalite d’une societe ne peut plus etre laissee que sous la gouverne d’un groupe d’experts au sein de l’organisation. Une des tâches qui incombent au conseil d’administration est la gestion des risques lesquels incluent les risques fiscaux. Dans le cadre de cette etude, nous examinons si les risques de perte de reputation et les caracteristiques du conseil d’administration influencent les risques de planifications fiscales agressives. Nous avons constate que les societes qui semblent ne pas mettre en place des planifications fiscales agressives sont celles ayant au sein de leur comite de verification un membre ayant une expertise comptable et les firmes qui se preoccupent de leur reputation. Cependant, nos resultats sont sensibles a nos mesures de risque d’agressivite fiscale.
PTPN22 Trp620 Explains the Association of Chromosome 1p13 With Type 1 Diabetes and Shows a Statistical Interaction With HLA Class II Genotypes

OBJECTIVE—The disease association of the common 1858C>T Arg620Trp (rs2476601) nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of protein tyrosine phosphatase; nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) on chromosome 1p13 has been confirmed in type 1 diabetes and also in other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and Graves’ disease. Some studies have reported additional associated SNPs independent of rs2476601/Trp620, suggesting that it may not be the sole causal variant in the region and that the relative risk of rs2476601/Trp620 is greater in lower risk by HLA class II genotypes than in the highest risk class II risk category. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We resequenced PTPN22 and used these and other data to provide >150 SNPs to evaluate the association of the PTPN22 gene and its flanking chromosome region with type 1 diabetes in a minimum of 2,000 case subjects and 2,400 control subjects. RESULTS—Due to linkage disequilibrium, we were unable to distinguish between rs2476601/Trp620 (P = 2.11 ×10−87) and rs6679677 (P = 3.21 ×10−87), an intergenic SNP between the genes putative homeodomain transcription factor 1 and round spermatid basic protein 1. None of the previously reported disease-associated SNPs proved to be independent of rs2476601/Trp620. We did not detect any interaction with age at diagnosis or sex. However, we found that rs2476601/Trp620 has a higher relative risk in type 1 diabetic case subjects carrying lower risk HLA class II genotypes than in those carrying higher risk ones (P = 1.36 × 10−4 in a test of interaction). CONCLUSIONS—In our datasets, there was no evidence for allelic heterogeneity at the PTPN22 locus in type 1 diabetes, indicating that the SNP rs2476601/Trp620 remains the best candidate in this chromosome region in European populations. The heterogeneity of rs2476601/Trp620 disease risk by HLA class II genotype is consistent with previous studies, and the joint effect of the two loci is still greater in the high-risk group.
Depth-dependent geochemical and microbiological gradients in Fe(III) deposits resulting from coal mine-derived acid mine drainage

We evaluated the depth-dependent geochemistry and microbiology of sediments that have developed via the microbially-mediated oxidation of Fe(II) dissolved in acid mine drainage (AMD), giving rise to a 8–10 cm deep “iron mound” that is composed primarily of Fe(III) (hydr)oxide phases. Chemical analyses of iron mound sediments indicated a zone of maximal Fe(III) reducing bacterial activity at a depth of approximately 2.5 cm despite the availability of dissolved O2 at this depth. Subsequently, Fe(II) was depleted at depths within the iron mound sediments that did not contain abundant O2. Evaluations of microbial communities at 1 cm depth intervals within the iron mound sediments using “next generation” nucleic acid sequencing approaches revealed an abundance of phylotypes attributable to acidophilic Fe(II) oxidizing Betaproteobacteria and the chloroplasts of photosynthetic microeukaryotic organisms in the upper 4 cm of the iron mound sediments. While we observed a depth-dependent transition in microbial community structure within the iron mound sediments, phylotypes attributable to Gammaproteobacterial lineages capable of both Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) reduction were abundant in sequence libraries (comprising ≥20% of sequences) from all depths. Similarly, abundances of total cells and culturable Fe(II) oxidizing bacteria were uniform throughout the iron mound sediments. Our results indicate that O2 and Fe(III) reduction co-occur in AMD-induced iron mound sediments, but that Fe(II)-oxidizing activity may be sustained in regions of the sediments that are depleted in O2.
Excess mortality of schizophrenia

Background This paper presents a structured review of the published information on the mortality of schizophrenia. Method A meta-analysis of the literature. Results Schizophrenia has a significantly increased mortality from natural and unnatural causes. Twenty-eight percent of the excess mortality is attributable to suicide and 12% to accidents. The rest of the excess mortality is from the same broad range of conditions which cause deaths in the general population. Further interpretation is hampered by confounding variables, wide confidence intervals and reservations about generalising from individual cohorts. Conclusions The available evidence suggests that schizophrenia is associated with a large increased mortality from suicide and a moderate increased mortality from natural causes. A number of possible interventions have been identified, but we do not yet have reliable means of detecting any changes in mortality which might result.
PLL-stabilized optical communications in millimeter-wave RoF systems

We demonstrate a stabilization and tuning architecture that enables the transmission of a stable modulation sideband in the presence of high carrier instability. The technique can be used in radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems employing optical intensity modulation, and in links featuring optical carrier generation, which might exhibit considerable phase noise or even frequency drift. The stabilization concept is validated experimentally in two systems based on two different laser structures. The results of this paper represent the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of the technique on a RoF system operating in the millimeter-wave range.
A method for the early health technology assessment of novel biomarker measurement in primary prevention programs

Many promising biomarkers for stratifying individuals at risk of developing a chronic disease or subsequent complications have been identified. Research into the potential cost‐effectiveness of applying these biomarkers in actual clinical settings has however been lacking. Investors and analysts may improve their venture decision making should they have indicative estimates of the potential costs and effects associated with a new biomarker technology already at the early stages of its development. To assist in obtaining such estimates, this paper presents a general method for the early health technology assessment of a novel biomarker technology. The setting considered is that of primary prevention programs where initial screening to select high‐risk individuals eligible for a subsequent intervention occurs, for example, prevention of type 2 diabetes. The method is based on quantifying the health outcomes and downstream healthcare consumption of all individuals who get reclassified as a result of moving from a screening variant based on traditional risk factors to a screening variant based on traditional risk factors plus a novel biomarker. As these individuals form well‐defined subpopulations, a combination of disease progression modeling and sensitivity analysis can be used to perform an initial assessment of the maximum increase in screening cost for which the use of the new biomarker technology is still likely to be cost effective. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Random Frequency Diverse Array: A New Antenna Structure for Uncoupled Direction-Range Indication in Active Sensing

In this paper, we propose a new type of array antenna, termed the random frequency diverse array (RFDA), for an uncoupled indication of target direction and range with low system complexity. In RFDA, each array element has a narrow bandwidth and a randomly assigned carrier frequency. The beampattern of the array is shown to be stochastic but thumbtack-like, and its stochastic characteristics, such as the mean, variance, and asymptotic distribution are derived analytically. Based on these two features, we propose two kinds of algorithms for signal processing. One is matched filtering, due to the beampattern's good characteristics. The other is compressive sensing, because the new approach can be regarded as a sparse and random sampling of target information in the spatial-frequency domain. Fundamental limits, such as the Cramér–Rao bound and the observing matrix's mutual coherence, are provided as performance guarantees of the new array structure. The features and performances of RFDA are verified with numerical results.
Boundary Cue Operators for Model-based Image Processing

An efficient method of using explicit shape models of objects in boundary instantiation is to apply one dimensional edge searches in locations where boundaries are likely to occur. In many important cases, linear edge operators produce at best only weak responses. We investigate here the use of three different statistical measures applied over a sliding 'dipole' as candidates for detecting weak boundaries. Their performance is compared with an implementation of the Canny operator as a benchmark on synthetic images of step edges in random noise and on certain difficult real images. In the former case their performance compares favourably with the Canny operator, while in the latter case they can produce significant responses where the Canny operator detects only weakly or not at all.
Forecasting and Estimating Multiple Change-Point Models with an Unknown Number of Change Points

This paper develops a new approach to change-point modeling that allows for an unknown number of change points in the observed sample. Our model assumes that regime durations have a Poisson distribution. The model approximately nests the two most common approaches: the time-varying parameter model with a change point every period and the change-point model with a small number of regimes. We focus on the construction of reasonable hierarchical priors both for regime durations and for the parameters that characterize each regime. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo posterior sampler is constructed to estimate a change-point model for conditional means and variances. We find that our techniques work well in an empirical exercise involving U.S. inflation and GDP growth. Empirical results suggest that the number of change points is larger than previously estimated in these series and the implied model is similar to a time-varying parameter model with stochastic volatility.
The maximum weight stable set problem in $(P_6, \mbox{bull})$-free graphs

We present a polynomial-time algorithm that finds a maximum weight stable set in a graph that does not contain as an induced subgraph an induced path on six vertices or a bull (the graph with vertices $a, b, c, d, e$ and edges $ab, bc, cd, be, ce$).
Congenital sucrase–isomaltase deficiency: identification of a common Inuit founder mutation

Background: Congenital sucrase–isomaltase deficiency is a rare hereditary cause of chronic diarrhea in children. People with this condition lack the intestinal brush-border enzyme required for digestion of di- and oligosaccharides, including sucrose and isomaltose, leading to malabsorption. Although the condition is known to be highly prevalent (about 5%–10%) in several Inuit populations, the genetic basis for this has not been described. We sought to identify a common mutation for congenital sucrase–isomaltase deficiency in the Inuit population. Methods: We sequenced the sucrase–isomaltase gene, SI, in a single Inuit proband with congenital sucrase–isomaltase deficiency who had severe fermentative diarrhea and failure to thrive. We then genotyped a further 128 anonymized Inuit controls from a variety of locales in the Canadian Arctic to assess for a possible founder effect. Results: In the proband, we identified a novel, homozygous frameshift mutation, c. 273_274delAG (p.Gly92Leufs*8), predicted to result in complete absence of a functional protein product. This change was very common among the Inuit controls, with an observed allele frequency of 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.6%–21.8%). The predicted Hardy–Weinberg prevalence of congenital sucrase–isomaltase deficiency in Inuit people, based on this single founder allele, is 3.0% (95% CI 1.4%–4.5%), which is comparable with previous estimates. Interpretation: We found a common mutation, SI c. 273_274delAG, to be responsible for the high prevalence of congenital sucrase–isomaltase deficiency among Inuit people. Targeted mutation testing for this allele should afford a simple and minimally invasive means of diagnosing this condition in Inuit patients with chronic diarrhea.
Emotion Detection Independent of User Using MFCC Feature Extraction

Emotion is a mental and physiological state associated with a wide variety of feelings, thoughts, and behavior.Speech processing is emerged as one of the important application area of digital signal processing. Various fields for research in speech processing are speech recognition, speaker recognition, speech synthesis, speech coding etc. The objective of automatic speaker recognition is to extract, characterize and recognize the information about speaker. Emotions are subjective experiences, or experienced from an individual point of view.This process includes a proper training and testing pattern. The classification method involves the processing of the saved data against the uploaded data with the same extracted features. In this paper we proposed MFCC as feature extraction technique and neural network as a classifier for detection user and its emotion. Keywords—Automatic Emotion Recognition (AER), MFCC, Neural network, Training, Testing.
The Congressional Debate on Partial-Birth Abortion: Constitutional Gravitas and Moral Passion

Automated content analysis is employed to measure the dimensionality of Senate debates on the 2003 Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and compare these results with the final vote. The underlying verbal conflict leading up to the final roll-call vote contains two important dimensions: (1) an emotive battle over the abortion procedure itself, and (2) the battle over the constitutionality of the bill. Surprisingly, senators appear not to have voted along the first dimension of the verbal conflict, but rather along the second dimension. The analysis of the deliberations of senators not only enables us to understand the complexity of the arguments that is not captured in the vote, but it also uncovers (and measures empirically) the strategies employed by legislators to shape the relevant lines of conflict, and ultimately, the final content of the bill.
The Importance of Institution-Based Trust in Mobile Adoption with Online Shopping Applications

This paper develops a research model that examines online purchasing by consumers. A research model was built to focus on the role of trust and its impact on inertia, loyalty, satisfaction of online consumers. 1,896 consumers in the United States were surveyed using an instrument and structural equation model that yielded respectable reliability and validity. It was discovered that certain sub-constructs of trust play an important role in influencing consumers' behavioral intention toward online shopping. Both institution-based trust and structural assurances-based trust positively influence inertia and satisfaction. The data showed that greater levels of institution-based trust leads to greater levels of online shopping satisfaction using mobile devices. However, a person's perception of structural assurances-based trust does not significantly influence his/her loyalty toward shopping with an online vendor. This paper adds to the understanding of online purchasing. Future researchers can refine the model and instrument to further explain consumers' acceptance of mobile online shopping applications.