Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collisions of Terrestrial Worlds: The Occurrence of Extreme Mid-infrared Excesses around Low-mass Field Stars

We present the results of an investigation into the occurrence and properties (stellar age and mass trends) of low-mass field stars exhibiting extreme mid-infrared (MIR) excesses ( ). Stars for the analysis were initially selected from the Motion Verified Red Stars (MoVeRS) catalog of photometric stars with Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 2MASS, and WISE photometry and significant proper motions. We identify 584 stars exhibiting extreme MIR excesses, selected based on an empirical relationship for main-sequence colors. For a small subset of the sample, we show, using spectroscopic tracers of stellar age (Hα and Li i) and luminosity class, that the parent sample is most likely comprised of field dwarfs ( Gyr). We also develop the Low-mass Kinematics (LoKi) galactic model to estimate the completeness of the extreme MIR excess sample. Using Galactic height as a proxy for stellar age, the completeness-corrected analysis indicates a distinct age dependence for field stars exhibiting extreme MIR excesses. We also find a trend with stellar mass (using r − z color as a proxy). Our findings are consistent with the detected extreme MIR excesses originating from dust created in a short-lived collisional cascade (≲100,000 years) during a giant impact between two large planetismals or terrestrial planets. These stars with extreme MIR excesses also provide support for planetary collisions being the dominant mechanism in creating the observed Kepler dichotomy (the need for more than a single mode, typically two, to explain the variety of planetary system architectures Kepler has observed), rather than different formation mechanisms.
Establishment of the Bacterial Microbiota in a Lab-Reared Model Teleost Fish, the Medaka Oryzias latipes

Oryzias latipes is an important model organism for physiology, genetics, and developmental studies, and has also emerged as a relevant vertebrate model for aquatic ecotoxicology. Knowledge regarding its associated microbiota on the other hand is still scarce and limited to adults, despite the relevance of the associated microbiome to the host’s biology. This study provides the first insights into the establishment of bacterial microbiota during early developmental stages of laboratory-reared medaka using a 16S-rRNA-sequencing-based approach. Major shifts in community compositions are observed, from a Proteobacteria-dominated community in larvae and juveniles to a more phylum-diverse community towards adulthood, with no obvious difference between female and male specimens. Major bacterial taxa found in adults, including genera Cetobacterium and ZOR0006, establish progressively and are rare during early stages. Dominance shifts are comparable to those documented in another major model teleost, the zebrafish. Results from this study provide a basis for future work investigating the influence of medaka-associated bacteria during host development.
Enhanced Resistive Switching in Flexible Hybrid RRAM Devices With PVK:MoS2/TiO2 Bilayer

High-performance flexible resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices were demonstrated by engineering the switching layer with PVK:MoS2 composite and TiO2 bilayer. These flexible RRAM devices exhibited excellent switching with low SET (1.2 V) and RESET (−1.5 V) voltages, a high repeatability of 1000 cycles, and an excellent retention time of 5000 s with an ON/OFF current ratio more than 102 at a read voltage of 0.2 V, significantly better than neat PVK/TiO2 devices. Moreover, devices with PVK:MoS2/TiO2 bilayer exhibited high stability upon bending with radii up to 7 mm for 100 cycles. Our results indicate that PVK:MoS2/TiO2 composite bilayer can be a promising switching layer candidate for high-performance flexible RRAM devices.
Fabrication of Microchannel with Electrodes on Side Wall

A new method to fabricate microfluidic channel which has metal electrodes on side wall is presented. Three dimensional electrode patterns were deposited through the shadow mask on highly recessed surfaces of microchannel. Polymer microchannel was fabricated using polymer molding technique. Shadow mask for electrode patterning were fabricated using MEMS process. Electrodes were patterned on side wall of microchannel using shadow effects occurring at angled evaporation through shadow mask. The electrodes on side walls facing each other are expected to provide more sensitivity at bio-analysis devices based on impedance variation.
Distinguishing human normal or cancerous esophagus tissue ex vivo using multiphoton microscopy

Application of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to clinical cancer research has greatly developed over the last few years. In this paper, we mainly focus on two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) for investigating esophageal cancer. We chiefly discuss the SHG/TPEF image and spectral characteristics of normal and cancerous esophagus submucosa with the combined multi-channel imaging mode and Lambda mode of a multiphoton microscope (LSM 510 META). Great differences can be detected, such as collagen content and morphology, glandular-shaped cancer cells, TPEF/SHG intensity ratio, and so on, which demonstrate that the multiphoton imaging technique has the potential ability for minimally-invasive early cancer diagnosis.
Primary calibration of membrane hydrophones in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 60 MHz.

A laser interferometer designed to measure acoustic displacements at megahertz frequencies, which has been the basis of a primary standard for the calibration of ultrasonic hydrophones for over ten years, is described. The interferometer is of the Michelson type and is designed to measure the acoustic particle displacement by sensing the movement of a thin plastic membrane placed in the field of an ultrasonic transducer. The acoustic pressure is derived from the measurement of displacement and the hydrophone is calibrated by substituting it for the pellicle. Various sources of uncertainty are described, including acoustooptic corrections, the frequency response of the interferometer, the acoustic properties of the thin membrane, and the lack of ideal plane-wave conditions. Highest calibration accuracy is achievable for membrane hydrophones, with a relative standard uncertainty, for a confidence level of 95%, of 0.040 at 0.5 MHz, 0.035 from 1 MHz to 7 MHz, 0.046 at 20 MHz and increasing to 0.250 at 60 MHz. The dissemination of the primary standard calibration method, which uses membrane hydrophones as secondary standards, is also described. These hydrophones are shown to have predictable performance properties and long-term stability, making them ideal secondary standards and choice as gold-standard reference devices worldwide.
Color effects associated with the 1999 microlensing brightness peaks in gravitationally lensed quasar Q2237+0305

We present photometry of the Q2237+0305 gravitational lens system in VRI spectral bands with the 1.5-m telescope of the high-altitude Maidanak observatory in 1995−2000. The time interval includes the epoch of the dramatic brightness peaks discovered previously in the A and C image components (Wozniak et al. 2000a,b). By good luck three nights of observation in 1999 were almost at the time of the strong brightness peak of image C, and approximately in the middle of the ascending slope of the brightness peak of image A. Having reached its brightness maximum at the very end of June 1999, the C component had changed its (V − I) color from 0.3 m to 0.12 m since August 1998, and from 0.56 m to 0.12 m since August 1997. It was the bluest component in the system in 1998 and 1999, but by October 2000 that was no longer the case. We do not know the color of the A component exactly at its brightness peak, but we do know that it became 0.47 m brighter in R and 0.15 m bluer in (V −R) between August 1998 and August 2000, about three months before the peak. More intensive monitoring of Q2237+0305 in July-October 2000, made on a nearly daily basis, did not reveal rapid (night-to-night and intranight) brightness variations of the components during this time period, exceeding the photometry error bars. Rather slow changes of magnitudes of the components were observed, in particular, nearly synchronous 0.08 m fading of B and C components, and 0.05 m brightening of D in the R band during July 23−October 7, 2000, while the B component had become the faintest in all filters by the end of this time period. The behavior of the colors of the components was analyzed on the basis of all our VRI observations, made in 1995−2000 on Maidanak. A qualitative tendency of the components to become bluer as their brightness increases, noted in our previous works, was confirmed quantitatively. A correlation between the color variations and variations of magnitudes of the components is demonstrated to be significant and reaches 0.75 for ∆(V −I )v s. ∆R, with a regression line slope of 0.33± 0.08 for these quantities. A plot of (V − I )v s. (V − R) shows the components settled in a cluster, stretchng along a line with a slope of 1.31 ± 0.14. Both slopes are noticeably less steep than those expected if a standard galactic interstellar reddening law were responsible for the differences between the colors of images and their variations over time. We attribute the brightness and color changes to microlensing of the quasar's structure, which we conclude to be more compact at shorter wavelengths, as predicted by most quasar models featuring an energizing central source.
RELATIVISTIC HYDRODYNAMICS WITH SOURCES FOR COSMOLOGICAL K-FLUIDS

We consider hydrodynamics with non-conserved number of particles and show that it can be modeled with effective fluid Lagrangians which explicitly depend on the velocity potentials. For such theories, the "shift symmetry" ϕ → ϕ + const leading to the conserved number of fluid particles in conventional hydrodynamics is globally broken and, as a result, the non-conservation of particle number appears as a source term in the continuity equation. The non-conservation of particle number is balanced by the entropy change, with both the entropy and the source term expressed in terms of the fluid velocity potential. Equations of hydrodynamics are derived using a modified version of Schutz's variational principle method. Examples of fluids described by such Lagrangians (tachyon condensate, K-essence) in spatially flat isotropic universe are briefly discussed.
Una síntesis crítica mínima de las portaciones de los paradigmas interpretativo y sociocrítico a la investigación educacional

El presente artículo analiza, mediante una síntesis crítica, los aportes de los paradigmasinterpretativo y sociocrítico a la investigación educacional a partir de la fuenteinterpretativa común llamada hermenéutica por los posmodernistas; confronta elparadigma cuantitativo con el cualitativo y da razones sobre la conveniencia de lainvestigación cualitativa en esta área social y la necesidad de su desarrollo.
Species-Specific Plant-Derived Nanoparticle Characteristics

Medicinal and agricultural plants contain numerous phytochemical compounds with pronounced biological effects on human health. They are known to encapsulate most of their characteristic bioactive compounds within membranous elements of intercellular communication known as exosomes. These nanovesicles serve as capsules protecting their biological activity and improving their penetration into the tissue. Therefore, the application of plant exosome preparations holds considerable potential for cosmetics and pharmacy, but the quality and consistency of plant material for exosome isolation is of critical importance. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate yield, size distribution patterns, and antioxidant properties between nanovesicle preparations of the following portfolio of medicinal plants: Kalanchoe daigremontiana, Artemisia absinthium, Hypericum perforatum, Silybum marianum, Chelidonium majus, and Scutellaria baicalensis. Results showed that nanoparticle yield, size distribution, and antioxidant activities were specific to plant species. Compared to other plants, nanoparticle preparations from Artemisia absinthium were distinguished by remarkably higher yield and concentration, while the highest antioxidant activity of plant-derived nanoparticle preparations per weight and per particle was determined to occur in Chelidonium majus and Hypericum perforatum samples. Results showed no significant correlation in DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) between plant material and nanoparticle preparations. More detailed biochemical analysis of exosome preparations is necessary to validate their biological activity and its relation to source plant cells.
Determining the Equation of State of the Expanding Universe Using a New Independent Variable

To determine the equation of state of the universe, we propose to use a new independent variable R ≡ (H 0/c) , where H 0 and d L (z) are the present Hubble parameter and the luminosity distance, respectively. For the flat universe suggested by the observation of the anisotropy of cosmic microwave backgrounds, the density and the pressure are expressed as ρ/ρ0 = 4(df/dR)2/f 6 and p/ρ0 = -4/3(d 2 f/dR 2)/f 5, where ρ0 is the present density and f(R) = 1/ 1/2. In the (R, f) plane the sign as well as the strength of the pressure is in proportion to the curvature of the curve f(R). We propose to adopt a Pade-like expression of f(R) = 1/u 1/2 with u ≡ 1 + u n R n . For the flat Λ models, the expansion up to N = 7 has at most an error less than 0.2% for z < 1.7 and any value of Λ. We also propose a general method to determine the equation of state of the universe that has N - 1 free parameters. If the number of parameters are smaller than N - 1, there is a consistency check of the equation of state so that we may confirm or refute each model.
Berry phase, hyperorbits, and the Hofstadter spectrum: semiclassical dynamics in magnetic Bloch bands

We have derived a new set of semiclassical equations for electrons in magnetic Bloch bands. The velocity and energy of magnetic Bloch electrons are found to be modiﬁed by the Berry phase and magnetization. This semiclassical approach is used to study general electron transport in a DC or AC electric ﬁeld. We also ﬁnd a close connection between the cyclotron orbits in magnetic Bloch bands and the energy subbands in the Hofstadter spectrum. Based on this formalism, the pattern of band splitting, the distribution of Hall conductivities, and the positions of energy subbands in the Hofstadter spectrum can be understood in a simple and uniﬁed picture.
Text2NKG: Fine-Grained N-ary Relation Extraction for N-ary relational Knowledge Graph Construction

Beyond traditional binary relational facts, n-ary relational knowledge graphs (NKGs) are comprised of n-ary relational facts containing more than two entities, which are closer to real-world facts with broader applications. However, the construction of NKGs still significantly relies on manual labor, and n-ary relation extraction still remains at a course-grained level, which is always in a single schema and fixed arity of entities. To address these restrictions, we propose Text2NKG, a novel fine-grained n-ary relation extraction framework for n-ary relational knowledge graph construction. We introduce a span-tuple classification approach with hetero-ordered merging to accomplish fine-grained n-ary relation extraction in different arity. Furthermore, Text2NKG supports four typical NKG schemas: hyper-relational schema, event-based schema, role-based schema, and hypergraph-based schema, with high flexibility and practicality. Experimental results demonstrate that Text2NKG outperforms the previous state-of-the-art model by nearly 20\% points in the $F_1$ scores on the fine-grained n-ary relation extraction benchmark in the hyper-relational schema. Our code and datasets are publicly available.
A Non-Probabilistic Proof of the Assouad Embedding Theorem with Bounds on the Dimension

Abstract We give a non-probabilistic proof of a theorem of Naor and Neiman that asserts that if (E, d) is a doubling metric space, there is an integer N > 0, depending only on the metric doubling constant, such that for each exponent α ∈ (1/2; 1), one can find a bilipschitz mapping F = (E; dα ) ⃗ ℝ RN.
The Chandra Deep Field North Survey. XII. The Link between Faint X-Ray and Radio Source Populations

We investigate the relationship between faint X-ray and 1.4 GHz radio source populations detected within 3′ of the Hubble Deep Field (North) using the 1 Ms Chandra and 40 μJy VLA surveys. Within this region, we find that ≈42% of the 62 X-ray sources have radio counterparts and ≈71% of the 28 radio sources have X-ray counterparts; thus, a 40 μJy VLA survey at 1.4 GHz appears to be well matched to a 1 Ms Chandra observation. Among the different source populations sampled, we find that the majority of the 18 X-ray–detected emission-line galaxies (ELGs) have radio and mid-infrared ISOCAM counterparts and appear to be luminous star-forming galaxies at z = 0.3–1.3. Importantly, the radio-detected ELGs make up ≈35% of the X-ray source population at 0.5–8.0 keV X-ray fluxes between ≈1 × 10-16 and ≈5 × 10-16 ergs cm-2 s-1 and signal the emergence of the luminous, high-z starburst galaxy population in the X-ray band. We find that the locally determined correlation between X-ray luminosities and 1.4 GHz radio luminosity densities of the late-type galaxies can easily be extended to include the luminous intermediate-redshift ELGs, suggesting that the X-ray and radio emission processes are generally associated in star-forming galaxies. This result implies that the X-ray emission can be used as an indicator of star formation rate for star-forming galaxies. Finally, we show that there appear to be two statistically distinct types of ISOCAM-detected star-forming galaxies: those with detectable radio and X-ray emission and those without. The latter type may have stronger mid-infrared emission-line features that increase their detectability at mid-infrared wavelengths.
Two-fluid theory for a superfluid system with anisotropic effective masses

In this work, we generalize the two-fluid theory to a superfluid system with anisotropic effective masses along different principal axis directions. As a specific example, such a theory can be applied to spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) at low temperature. The normal density from phonon excitations and the second sound velocity are obtained analytically. Near the phase transition from the plane wave to zero-momentum phases, due to the effective mass divergence, the normal density from phonon excitation increases greatly, while the second sound velocity is suppressed significantly. With quantum hydrodynamic formalism, we give unified derivations for suppressed superfluid density and Josephson relation. At last, the momentum distribution function and fluctuation of phase for the long wave length are also discussed.
Interplanetary scintillation studies with the Murchison Wide-field Array - IV. The hosts of sub-arcsecond compact sources at low radio frequencies

We report the first astrophysical application of the technique of wide-field Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). This powerful technique allows us to identify and measure sub-arcsecond compact components in low-frequency radio sources across large areas of sky without the need for long-baseline interferometry or ionospheric calibration. We present the results of a five-minute observation of a 30x30 sq. deg MWA field at 162 MHz with 0.5 second time resolution. Of the 2550 continuum sources detected in this field, 302 (12 per cent) show rapid fluctuations caused by IPS. We find that at least 32% of bright low-frequency radio sources contain a sub-arcsec compact component that contributes over 40% of the total flux density. Perhaps surprisingly, peaked-spectrum radio sources are the dominant population among the strongly-scintillating, low-frequency sources in our sample. While gamma-ray AGN are generally compact, flat-spectrum radio sources at higher frequencies, the 162 MHz properties of many of the Fermi blazars in our field are consistent with a compact component embedded within more extended low-frequency emission. The detection of a known pulsar in our field shows that the wide-field IPS technique is at the threshold of sensitivity needed to detect new pulsars using image plane analysis, and scaling the current MWA sensitivity to that expected for SKA-low implies that large IPS-based pulsar searches will be feasible with SKA. Calibration strategies for the SKA require a better knowledge of the space density of compact sources at low radio frequencies, which IPS observations can now provide.
A study of single pulses in the Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey

We reprocessed the Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey, searching for single pulses out to a DM of 5000 pc cm$^{-3}$ with widths of up to one second. We recorded single pulses from 264 known pulsars and 14 Rotating Radio Transients. We produced amplitude distributions for each pulsar which we fit with log-normal distributions, power-law tails, and a power-law function divided by an exponential function, finding that some pulsars show a deviation from a log-normal distribution in the form of an excess of high-energy pulses. We found that a function consisting of a power-law divided by an exponential fit the distributions of most pulsars better than either log-normal or power-law functions. For pulsars that were detected in a periodicity search, we computed the ratio of their single-pulse signal-to-noise ratios to their signal-to-noise ratios from a Fourier transform and looked for correlations between this ratio and physical parameters of the pulsars. The only correlation found is the expected relationship between this ratio and the spin period. Fitting log-normal distributions to the amplitudes of pulses from RRATs showed similar behaviour for most RRATs. Here, however, there seem to be two distinct distributions of pulses, with the lower-energy distribution being consistent with noise. Pulse-energy distributions for two of the RRATS processed were consistent with those found for normal pulsars, suggesting that pulsars and RRATs have a common emission mechanism, but other factors influence the specific emission properties of each source class.
Protein and energy for maintenance and gain of European quail fed different energy sources and housed at two temperatures

- The objective of this study was to evaluate whether replacing corn starch (CS) energy with isolated soy protein (ISP) and soybean oil (SO) and the ambient temperature affect the protein and energy requirements for maintenance and gain of European quail. Thus, a total of 432 European quail from 10 to 30 days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design, were used to estimate the protein and energy requirements for maintenance through the comparative slaughter methodology. The treatments consisted of three diets formulated with the replacement of CS, corresponding to 15% of the metabolizable energy in the diet, with ISP and SO, two controlled temperatures (26 and 35 °C), and three levels of feed supply ( ad libitum , and 70 and 40% of ad libitum intake), with four replicates of six birds. Protein and energy requirements for weight gain were determined from 160 European quail, slaughtered every five days at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days of age. Birds were housed in four groups of 40 birds in a room with thermoneutral temperature (26 °C). The energy sources of the feed and temperatures studied affected protein and energy requirements for maintenance and gain of European quail. Replacing CS energy by 15% of dietary energy with SO results in lower protein and energy maintenance requirements for European quail at both temperatures. The protein and energy weight gain requirements of quail fed SO as an energy source is higher than CS and ISP.