Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of antimicrobial cotton fabrics by decoration with silver nanoparticles and activated carbon composite

Nanometer sized particulates demonstrate significant potential in various biomedical applications due to their large surface-to-volume ratio and exceptional physicochemical, electronic and mechanical properties. Additionally, the number of microbial infectious disease outbreaks has increased tremendously over the past decade, greatly impacting public health worldwide. In this article, we evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a cotton fabric (CF) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and hemp hurd activated carbon (HHAC) (HHAC@AgNPs) composite (CF-HHAC@AgNPs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction spectra of the CF-HHAC@AgNPs material revealed the presence of AgNPs and HHAC on the cotton fabric. Moreover, CF-HHAC@AgNPs shows excellent antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The obtained results show that an HHAC@AgNPs-CF material can be prepared. It has an antimicrobial activity that suggests its potential as an inhibitory agent in various biomedical applications.
Using Climate Divisions to Analyze Variations and Trends in Alaska Temperature and Precipitation

AbstractBy extending the record of Alaskan divisional temperature and precipitation back in time, regional variations and trends of temperature and precipitation over 1920–2012 are documented. The use of the divisional framework highlights the greater spatial coherence of temperature variations relative to precipitation variations.The divisional time series of temperature are characterized by large interannual variability superimposed upon low-frequency variability, as well as by an underlying trend. Low-frequency variability corresponding to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) includes Alaska’s generally warm period of the 1920s and 1930s, a cold period from the late 1940s through the mid-1970s, a warm period from the late 1970s through the early 2000s, and a cooler period in the most recent decade. An exception to the cooling of the past decade is the North Slope climate division, which has continued to warm. There has been a gradual upward trend of Alaskan temperatures relative to the PDO since 1920,.
Comparison of decay features of the 2006 and 2007 Kuril Island earthquake tsunamis

SUMMARY Characteristics of the tsunami decay processes are examined following the definition and discussion of the major terms involved: ‘moving root mean squared amplitude’, ‘tsunami coda’ and ‘non-dimensional tsunami amplitude’ (NDA). Tsunami waveform data observed at tidal stations in Japan during two Kuril Island earthquake tsunamis in 2006 and 2007 are analysed. The tsunami codas of these events showed the following characteristics. (1) The decay process determined by the tsunami coda of the 2006 tsunami implies that the decay time constant at a tidal station depends on which ocean the station is facing. (2) Fluctuations of the NDAs in the tsunami codas are stochastically approximated by either the Rayleigh distribution or the normal distribution and the distributions of the NDAs at most tidal stations are similar. (3) Differences in the decay processes between these two tsunami events were small with regard to the averaged decay time constants and the distributions of the NDAs. These findings may be the first step towards improved forecasting of the tsunami decay process.
Macrozooplankton biomass in a warm‐core Gulf Stream ring: Time series changes in size structure, taxonomic composition, and vertical distribution

Macrozooplankton size structure and taxonomic composition in warm-core ring 82B was examined from a time series (March, April, June) of ring center MOCNESS (1 m) samples. Size distributions of 15 major taxonomic groups were determined from length measurements digitized from silhouette photographs of the samples. Silhouette digitization allows rapid quantification of Zooplankton size structure and taxonomic composition. Length/weight regressions, determined for each taxon, were used to partition the biomass (displacement volumes) of each sample among the major taxonomic groups. Zooplankton taxonomic composition and size structure varied with depth and appeared to coincide with the hydrographic structure of the ring. In March and April, within the thermostad region of the ring, smaller herbivorous/omnivorous Zooplankton, including copepods, crustacean larvae, and euphausiids, were dominant, whereas below this region, larger carnivores, such as medusae, ctenophores, fish, and decapods, dominated. Copepods were generally dominant in most samples above 500 m. Total macrozooplankton abundance and biomass increased between March and April, primarily because of increases in herbivorous taxa, including copepods, crustacean larvae, and larvaceans. A marked increase in total macrozooplankton abundance and biomass between April and June was characterized by an equally dramatic shift from smaller herbivores (1.0–3.0 mm) in April to large herbivores (5.0–6.0 mm) and carnivores (>15 mm) in June. Species identifications made directly from the samples suggest that changes in trophic structure resulted from seeding type immigration and subsequent in situ population growth of Slope Water zooplankton species.
Parametrisation of Aggregated Roughness and Sensible Heat Flux From Field Scale To Hydrological Scale By Microscale Modelling In The Alpilles Experiment In France.

Parametrisation of aggregated roughness and sensible heat flux from field scale to hydrological scale by microscale modelling in the Alpilles experiment in France Charlotte Bay Hasager*, Albert Olioso+, Frederic Jacob# *Risø National Laboratory, Wind Energy Department, Roskilde, Denmark + INRA Bioclimatologie, Domaine Saint-Paul, Avignon, France # USDA/ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
Basin-scale salt tectonic processes of the Laurentian Basin, Eastern Canada: insights from integrated regional 2D seismic interpretation and 4D physical experiments

Abstract This study integrates seismic interpretation and 3D analogue experiments monitored by digital image correlation techniques to investigate the evolution of the salt structures and the related depositional systems in the Laurentian Basin offshore Atlantic Canada. During the late Triassic, a layer of more than 3 km thick salt was deposited locally in a set of interconnected rift half-grabens forming a 50–70 km wide evaporite basin in the northern part of the Scotian Basin salt provinces. High sediment input in the Jurassic and early Cretaceous mobilized the salt into complex salt tectonic features, which suggest four kinematic domains with: (1) salt welds and pillows; (2) extensional diapirs and canopies; (3) contractional diapirs and folds; and (4) allochthonous salt nappe. The landward grabens trapped most of the Early Jurassic sediments by passive downbuilding into the salt with local extension. The expelled salt has been evacuated basinwards into a large contractional salt massif. The rapid advance of the allochthonous nappe was coeval with the Late Jurassic extensional collapse of the inflated salt massif due to seaward sediment progradation. Late Cretaceous and Tertiary progradation over the salt nappe caused extensional deformation with growth faulting and formation of minibasins on the secondary salt detachment level.
Particulate new nitrogen fluxes in the Sargasso Sea

Seasonal variations of up to sevenfold in the flux of new nitrogen as sinking particles are observed at a site near Bermuda between January 1986 and May 1988. Maxima occur in the late winter with minima in the late fall. While this particle flux from the euphotic zone depends on levels of suspended particulate nitrogen (PN), NO3− flux modulated by seasonal variations in the magnitude of vertical transport appears to be the ultimate forcing. However, wintertime increases in euphotic zone NO3− concentration are not required for the high particle fluxes observed for this season. The gradient in NO3− concentration at 100 m is inversely correlated with particle flux resulting in the annual amplitude in new nitrogen flux to be well below the amplitude in vertical transport parameterized as a vertical eddy diffusivity. Yearly flux of sinking PN is 0.2 mol m−2 yr−1, one third the highest estimate reported for new nitrogen flux in this region. The downward mixing of suspended PN may make a significant contribution to the downward flux, particularly in the winter. Its inclusion raises the annual new nitrogen flux to 0.33 mol m−2 yr−1. This estimate is most likely conservative since sporadic events may not have been adequately sampled and the downward flux of nonparticulate forms of nitrogen has not been taken into account.
Smartphone dependency and mental health among Chinese rural adolescents: the mediating role of cognitive failure and parent–child relationship

Background With the widespread use of smartphones in daily life, smartphone dependency has become a global problem, especially among adolescents. Existing research studies have supported the association between smartphone dependency and the mental health of Chinese rural adolescents, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Objective The present study used a survey to test whether smartphone dependency may be associated with mental health in Chinese rural adolescents. The mediating role of cognitive failure and parent–child relationship was also examined. Materials and methods In total, 941 adolescents (45.91% male; mean age = 14.05, SD = 1.04) in rural areas of mainland China were recruited to complete four scales, including the Mobile Phone Dependence Scale (MPDS), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Family Adaption and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES), and Mental Health of Middle School Students Scale. Results The results showed that both cognitive failure and parent–child relationship acted as mediators in the effect of smartphone dependency on mental health among Chinese rural adolescents, and smartphone dependency also affected parent–child relationship by influencing cognitive failure, thus affecting mental health among Chinese rural adolescents indirectly. Conclusion The present study suggests that improving parent–child relationships and reducing cognitive failure can reduce the impact of smartphone dependency on the mental health of Chinese rural adolescents.
Narwhal hunting by Pond Inlet Inuit: An analysis of foraging mode in the floe-edge environment

The harvesting of narwhals by Baffin Island Inuit represents an important relationship in terms of the continuous utilization of an indigenous marine resource. However, research on Inuit hunting with respect to narwhals has been mainly confined to harvest counts despite the major role narwhals play in the local northern Baffin subsistence system. The present research examines Pond Inlet Inuit foraging behaviour for narwhals in the spring floe-edge environment. While sea ice is one of the most dominant features of the arctic marine environment for much of any year, it is in the spring that the dynamism of its physical and biological characteristics is most notable. This was especially evident at the fast ice-open water interface, or floe-edge, where rapid physical change in the condition of the ice is frequent and summer migratory marine mammals and birds are present in large numbers. In this paper, analysis of 14 observed hunts indicates that Inuit utilization of the spring floe edge for narwhal hunting, in contrast to most other hunt types, follows a sit-and-wait mode of foraging. The study also explicates aspects of Pond Inlet hunters traditional ecological knowledge necessary to travel and conduct harvesting operations successfully in this complex environment.
Molecular mechanisms underlying physical exercise-induced brain BDNF overproduction

Accumulating evidence supports that physical exercise (EX) is the most effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve brain health. EX prevents cognitive decline associated with age and decreases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. These positive effects of EX can be attributed to an increase in neurogenesis and neuroplastic processes, leading to learning and memory improvement. At the molecular level, there is a solid consensus to involve the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as the crucial molecule for positive EX effects on the brain. However, even though EX incontestably leads to beneficial processes through BDNF expression, cellular sources and molecular mechanisms underlying EX-induced cerebral BDNF overproduction are still being elucidated. In this context, the present review offers a summary of the different molecular mechanisms involved in brain’s response to EX, with a specific focus on BDNF. It aims to provide a cohesive overview of the three main mechanisms leading to EX-induced brain BDNF production: the neuronal-dependent overexpression, the elevation of cerebral blood flow (hemodynamic hypothesis), and the exerkine signaling emanating from peripheral tissues (humoral response). By shedding light on these intricate pathways, this review seeks to contribute to the ongoing elucidation of the relationship between EX and cerebral BDNF expression, offering valuable insights into the potential therapeutic implications for brain health enhancement.
B-2 Juan de Fuca Plate to Alberta Plains

DNAG Transect B-2. Part of GSA’s DNAG Continent-Ocean Transect Series, this transect contains all or most of the following: free-air gravity and magnetic anomaly profiles, heat flow measurements, geologic cross section with no vertical exaggeration, multi-channel seismic reflection profiles, tectonic kindred cross section with vertical exaggeration, geologic map, stratigraphic diagram, and an index map. All transects are on a scale of 1:500,000.
Architecture of fluvial‐dominated valley‐fill deposits in the Cretaceous Fall River Formation

The Fall River Formation is a 45 m thick layer of fluvial‐dominated valley‐fills and shore‐zone strata deposited on the stable cratonic margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. Fall River deposits in Red Canyon, in the south‐west corner of South Dakota (USA), expose a cross‐section of a 3.5 km wide valley‐fill sandstone and laterally adjacent marine deposits. The marine deposits comprise three 10 m thick upward‐shoaling sequences; each composed of multiple metres‐thick upward‐coarsening successions. The lower two of these sequences are laterally cut by the valley‐fill sandstone, and are capped by metres‐thick muddy palaeosols. The upper sequence spans the top of the valley‐fill sandstone, and is overlain by the Skull Creek Shale. The 30 m thick valley sandstone is partitioned into four distinct fills by major erosion surfaces, and each of these fills contain many metres‐thick channel‐form bodies. Deposits in the lower parts of these fills are sheet‐like, top‐truncated channel bodies, whereas deposits in the upper parts of fills are upward‐concave, laterally amalgamated channel bodies, more completely preserved heterolithic channel bodies, or wave‐deposited sheets. Each valley‐fill basal erosion surface records an episode of valley incision and relative sea‐level fall, and the gradual progression from fluvial to more estuarine deposits upwards within each fill records relative sea‐level rise. All fills are dominantly channel deposits and are capped by marine flooding surfaces. The dominance of channel deposits, the gradual change to more estuarine facies in the upper parts of fills, and the location of flooding surfaces at valley‐fill tops all suggest that sediment supply initially kept pace with relative sea‐level rise and valleys filled during late marine lowstand and transgression, not during subsequent highstands. Recently proposed facies models have focused on variations in the relative strength of tide, wave and river currents as controls on valley‐fill deposits. However, relative rates of sediment supply and basin accommodation change, and the shift in this ratio along the depositional profile during multiple‐scale cycles in relative sea‐level, are equally important controls on the style of valley‐fill deposits.
Feasibility of Acquiring Neuroimaging Data from Adults with Acquired Brain Injuries before and after a Yoga Intervention

Background: To date, no one has prospectively evaluated yoga intervention-induced changes in brain structure or function in adults with acquired brain injuries (ABI). Thus, this study was conducted to test the feasibility of acquiring neuroimaging data from adults with ABI before and after a yoga intervention. Methods: This was a single-arm intervention feasibility study that included 12 adults with chronic (i.e., greater than 6 months post-injury) ABI and self-reported limitations in balance. Neuroimaging data were acquired before and after yoga. The yoga intervention was completed once per week for eight weeks. Feasibility objectives and benchmarks were established a priori. Results: Most feasibility objectives and benchmarks were achieved. The goal of recruiting 12 participants was successfully achieved, and 75% of participants were retained throughout the study (goal of 80%). All imaging feasibility benchmarks were met; rs-fMRI and fNIRS data were acquired safely, data were of acceptable quality, and data pre-processing procedures were successful. Additionally, improvements were detected in balance after yoga, as group-level balance was significantly better post-yoga compared to pre-yoga, p = 0.043. Conclusions: These findings indicate it is feasible to acquire neuroimaging data from adults with ABI before and after a yoga intervention. Thus, future prospective studies are warranted.
Teaching and learning circle theorems with Dynamic Autograph technology: Should we employ the social-interaction or the self-exploration strategy?

The use of technology as a pedagogical practice is growing at a phenomenal rate due to the availability of numerous computer mathematics software. As a result, conscientious efforts need to be made by teachers to integrate technology effectively to enhance the teaching and learning processes and consequently learning outcomes of students. This non-equivalent quasi-experimental study sought to explore students’ achievements and their attitudes after using a dynamic Autograph software technology to learn circle theorems. One hundred and fourteen Senior High School students purposively selected from three different schools participated in the study. While students from two of the schools were taught using the Autograph technology in a social-interaction and self-exploration environment respectively, the group of students from the last school were taught conventionally without the use of the Autograph technology. The findings of this study showed that the three teaching strategies had a significant positive effect on students’ achievements. However, the social-interaction Autograph-assisted group significantly outperformed, followed by the self-exploration Autograph-assisted group, and then the conventional group. The study also showed that though the self-exploration group showed higher positive attitudes than the social-interaction, the Autograph-assisted groups in general reported overall positive attitudes towards using the technology indicating further that the Autograph-support made lessons practical, stimulating, and provided imagery simulations and multiple representations that enhanced visualisation and understanding. Implications of the Autograph technology use in teaching, while engaging students in small groups are discussed.
Effect of long‐term solar variability in a two‐dimensional interactive model of the middle atmosphere

An assessment of the influence of long-term solar variability on the climatology of the middle atmosphere is made using a two-dimensional model incorporating interactive chemistry, radiation, and dynamics. The primary motivation behind this work is the more updated measurements of the solar flux variation and the more comprehensive treatment of the chemical and physical processes in the two-dimensional model. Despite various feedback mechanisms inherent to the model, imposing a solar flux variation in the two-dimensional model does not create any substantial response in the stratosphere. Since the largest changes in the solar flux occur in wavelengths shorter than 200 nm, the most obvious effect of solar variability is above the altitude of 60 km. In general, the response of the middle atmosphere to long-term solar variability predicted by the two-dimensional model is substantially weaker than those predicted by previous model studies, which is primarily a result of the smaller solar flux variation adopted in this study. Compared with recent data analyses, the calculated response of ozone and temperature near the tropical stratopause and the calculated zonal-wind response at midlatitude upper stratosphere are much weaker. In addition, the anticorrelated temperature and ozone response at 70 km seen in observational analyses for short-term solar variability cannot be simulated by the model, albeit for long-term solar variability simulations. These suggest that the physical and chemical processes and their feedback effects in the middle atmosphere are not yet fully understood.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall Thickness as an Early Sonographic Sign for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes

Introduction Traditionally, different fetal variable measurements are used in ultrasound to assess fetal growth. Ultrasound can detect abnormal fetal growth. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to higher fetal obesity as early as 20 weeks of pregnancy. The amount of fetal adipose tissue may be measured by measuring the thickness of the anterior abdominal wall. Measuring the thickness of the fetus's anterior abdominal wall (AAWT) is a straightforward procedure that may be performed alongside standard abdominal circumference measurements. Objectives To check the diagnostic accuracy of fetal AAWT as an early sonographic sign for diagnosing GDM, keeping oral glucose tolerance test as the gold standard. Study design This research was conducted using a cross-sectional analysis. Study place and duration The study was conducted in the Radiology Department at Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals from July 10, 2019 to January 9, 2020. Materials and methods Women between the ages of 18 and 45 who had a family history of type 2 diabetes and were at risk for developing GDM were recruited. Exclusions were made for diabetic women, those carrying multiples, and those with autoimmune diseases. The AAWT measurement of the fetus, which included the skin and subcutaneous tissue, was acquired using the traditional anterior cranial view, 2-3 cm lateral to cord insertion. Pregnant patients at risk for GDM underwent screening using an oral glucose tolerance test. Those exhibiting any two abnormal values were diagnosed with GDM. Results The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of fetal AAWT as an early sonographic sign for diagnosing GDM, with the oral glucose tolerance test as the gold standard, were 93.14%, 82.65%, 84.82%, 92.05%, and 88.0%, respectively. Conclusion The study concludes that the diagnostic accuracy of fetal AAWT as an early sonographic indicator for identifying gestational diabetes is notably high.