Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Positive Feedback Loop between HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN101 and HEAT STRESS-ASSOCIATED 32-KD PROTEIN Modulates Long-Term Acquired Thermotolerance Illustrating Diverse Heat Stress Responses in Rice Varieties1[W][OPEN]

Rice heat-shock proteins modulate long-term acquired thermotolerance, which can be decoupled from basal thermotolerance in different rice cultivars. Heat stress is an important factor that has a negative impact on rice (Oryza sativa) production. To alleviate this problem, it is necessary to extensively understand the genetic basis of heat tolerance and adaptability to heat stress in rice. Here, we report the molecular mechanism underlying heat acclimation memory that confers long-term acquired thermotolerance (LAT) in this monocot plant. Our results showed that a positive feedback loop formed by two heat-inducible genes, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN101 (HSP101) and HEAT STRESS-ASSOCIATED 32-KD PROTEIN (HSA32), at the posttranscriptional level prolongs the effect of heat acclimation in rice seedlings. The interplay between HSP101 and HSA32 also affects basal thermotolerance of rice seeds. These findings are similar to those reported for the dicot plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), suggesting a conserved function in plant heat stress response. Comparison between two rice cultivars, japonica Nipponbare and indica N22 showed opposite performance in basal thermotolerance and LAT assays. ‘N22’ seedlings have a higher basal thermotolerance level than cv Nipponbare and vice versa at the LAT level, indicating that these two types of thermotolerance can be decoupled. The HSP101 and HSA32 protein levels were substantially higher in cv Nipponbare than in cv N22 after a long recovery following heat acclimation treatment, at least partly explaining the difference in the LAT phenotype. Our results point out the complexity of thermotolerance diversity in rice cultivars, which may need to be taken into consideration when breeding for heat tolerance for different climate scenarios.
RECOUP Working Paper 5. Tilting At Windmills: Public-PrivatePartnerships In Indian Education Today.

There are many obstacles to the successful provision of universal primary and secondary education. The failure of state schools to provide adequate schooling is a serious hindrance to achieving the international goal of Education for All. Non-state providers of education are regarded as an alternative but the variation in the quality of education provided is a growing concern. Educational partnerships between the public and private sector have been regarded as a way out of this impasse in the United States and Western Europe and there has been considerable debate about the economic and political implications of these public private partnerships (PPPs). Disentangling the economic and political dimensions of provision would further our understanding of these new models of educational provision. This paper sets out a typology of identifying the economic and political aspects of provision through using the Hirschmanian concepts of ‘exit’ and ‘voice’. The idea of exit draws on the mainstream economic understanding of free entry and exit with the latter occurring when individuals were no longer satisfied with what was on offer in the market. The term voice is used to denote political activity undertaken by an individual to ensure the continued provision of a good and/or the quality of the good. Conceptualizing educational provision in relation to exit and voice permits the examination of how the role of the market and community affect the access to and quality of education. Educational initiatives by state and non-state providers in India are mapped onto this typology to gain an understanding of how the new models of education, such as PPPs, would affect the current provision of education. 1 Dr. Shailaja Fennell is a Lecturer in Development Studies and Fellow of Jesus College, University of Cambridge. Telephone: +44-01223-339315, Email: ss141@cam.ac. uk
On CMOS scaling and A/D-converter performance

The influence of CMOS scaling on A/D-converter performance is investigated by observing the entire body of experimental CMOS ADCs reported in IEEE journals and conferences central to the field from 1976 to 2010. Based on the near-exhaustive set of scientific data, empirically observed scaling trends are derived for performance in terms of noisefloor, speed and resolution, as well as for power efficiency expressed by two commonly used figures-of-merit. The trends are used to estimate limits on the achievable ADC performance in nanometer CMOS technologies, with implications for LTE and WCDMA infrastructure applications particularly highlighted.
The Influence of Family Firm Dynamics on Voluntary Disclosures

We examine the voluntary disclosure practices of family firms. Family firms have longer investment horizons and lower agency conflicts between owners and managers. However, they also exhibit higher agency conflicts between controlling and non-controlling shareholders, and greater concerns about their own reputations. We therefore hypothesize that the previously documented association between stock-based incentives and voluntary disclosures is dampened for family firms. In comparison to non-family firms, we find that family firms are less likely to provide management earnings forecasts when their CEO's wealth (linked to the firm) is higher. We note this influence only in larger firms, which is consistent with the finding that larger firms have a significantly higher number of stock-based incentives than smaller firms. Additionally, the main result continues to hold when a family member serves as CEO or on the board of directors. We contribute to the literature by extending the research on stock-based incentives and voluntary disclosure, linking this research to family firms, and providing insight on the conflicting results found in prior family firm research.
Strategic Intelligence Management: National Security Imperatives and Information and Communications Technologies

Strategic Intelligence Management introduces both academic researchers and law enforcement professionals to contemporary issues of national security and information management and analysis. This contributed volume draws on state-of-the-art expertise from academics and law enforcement practitioners across the globe. The chapter authors provide background, analysis, and insight on specific topics and case studies. Strategic Intelligent Management explores the technological and social aspects of managing information for contemporary national security imperatives Academic researchers and graduate students in computer science, information studies, social science, law, terrorism studies, and politics, as well as professionals in the police, law enforcement, security agencies, and government policy organizations will welcome this authoritative and wide-ranging discussion of emerging threats.Hot topics like cyber terrorism, Big Data, and Somali pirates, addressed in terms the layperson can understand, with solid research groundingFills a gap in existing literature on intelligence, technology, and national securityMarket opportunities in US, UK, and Germany, including potential for FBI and EU law-enforcement training programs as well as advanced undergrad and grad school textbook adoptions
The morbidity and mortality associated with overweight and obesity in adulthood: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are generally thought to elevate morbidity and mortality. New data call this supposed association into question. METHODS The Cochrane, Pubmed, and other databases were systematically searched for a combination of relevant terms and subject headings. Meta-analyses and cohort studies based on the German population were evaluated for possible associations between overweight/ obesity and adult morbidity and mortality. Case-control and cross-sectional studies were excluded. RESULTS A total of 27 meta-analyses and 15 cohort studies were evaluated. The overall mortality of overweight persons (body mass index [BMI] 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) is no higher than that of persons of normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), but their mortality from individual diseases is elevated, diminished or unchanged, depending on the particular disease. The overall morbidity is unknown. Both obesity (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) and overweight are associated with increased disease-specific morbidity for some diseases, but decreased or unchanged for others. In general, obesity confers a higher risk than overweight. Morbidity and mortality are markedly influenced by the patient's age, sex, ethnic origin, and social status. The external validity of the comparative predictive performance (c-statistic) of BMI, waist circumference, and ratio of waist to hip circumference cannot be determined from the available analyses. CONCLUSION The prevailing notion that overweight increases morbidity and mortality, as compared to so-called normal weight, is in need of further specification. Obesity, however, is indeed associated with an elevated risk for most of the diseases studied.
A FAMILIAL 4/5 RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATION RESULTING IN PARTIAL TRISOMY B.

THE THREE HUMAN AUTOSOMAL TRISOMY SYNDROMES which are now recognized involve chromosome groups D, E, and G. In each of these conditions, a few of the cases resulted from reciprocal translocation between two autosomes. In this paper we will describe a case of partial trisomy B resulting from a reciprocal translocation between two B group chromosomes and will review the other reported cases of B chromosome abnormalities.
Novel compact microstrip bandpass filter with suppression of spurious response

In this paper, novel compact microstrip bandpass filter with suppression of spurious response is proposed, which has the advantages of compact size, wide stopband and sharp rejection in the stopband. The filter achieves the suppression of spurious response by incorporation of lowpass filter between the two parallel-coupling microstrip lines. A demonstration filter was designed and tested. Theoretical and experimental results are presented
Perfect count: A novel approach for the single platform enumeration of absolute CD4+ T‐lymphocytes

The derivation of reliable CD4+ T lymphocyte counts is vital for the monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic effectiveness in HIV+ individuals. Flow cytometry has emerged as the method of choice for CD4+ T lymphocyte enumeration, with single‐platform technology, coupled with reference counting beads, fast becoming the “gold standard. ” However, although single‐platform, bead‐based, sample acquisition requires the ratio of beads to cells to remain unchanged, there is no available method, until recently, to monitor this.
Offshoring, Immigration, and the Native Wage Distribution (Délocalisation, Immigration Et Distribution Des Salaires Dans Le Pays De Référence)

This paper presents a simple model that examines the impact of offshoring and immigration on wages and tests these predictions using U.S. state‐industry‐year panel data. According to the model, the productivity effect causes offshoring to have a more positive impact on low‐skilled wages than immigration, but this gap decreases with the workers’ skill level. The empirical results confirm both of these predictions and thus present direct evidence of the productivity effect. Furthermore, the results provide important insight into how specific components of offshoring and immigration affect the wages of particular types of native workers. Ce texte presente un modele simple qui examine l’impact de la delocalisation et de l’immigration sur les salaires et teste ses predictions en utilisant des donnees de panel pour l’etat americain, l’industrie et l’annee aux Etats‐Unis. Selon le modele, l’effet de productivite fait que la delocalisation a un effet positif plus important que l’immigration sur les salaires des travailleurs faiblement qualifies, mais cet ecart decroit a propoprtion que le niveau de qualification des travailleurs s’accroit. Les resultats empiriques confirment ces predictions et fournissent un support direct pour l’effet de productivite. De plus, les resultats jettent un eclairage important sur la facon dont les composantes specifiques de la delocalisation et de l’immigration affectent les salaires des travailleurs dans le pays de reference.
Injective versus sublingual immunotherapy in Alternaria tenuis allergic patients.

Little knowledge is available on molds either from the environmental or clinical points of view. The latter is mainly due to the lack, until recent times, of purified and standardized extracts. Injective immunotherapy, largely used for patients allergic to mites and pollens, is regarded with some concern for molds. On the other hand, mold-related allergic symptoms (i.e.,from Alternaria tenuis) have in Italy an incidence of about 5 percent, mainly in young patients. We have therefore run a pilot study comparing the efficacy and safety of injective (SIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy by administering the same purified and standardized extract of Alternaria tenuis to a total of 23 patients for two years, according to an open experimental plan. Excellent tolerance was shown to SLIT while four (two medium-grade) side effects appeared with SIT. Clinical improvement, subjectively stated comparing symptoms (mainly rhinitis) and drug consumption before and after the therapy, confirmed by an increase in the Specific Nasal Provocation threshold, was obtained with both therapies, but with a statistically significant difference in favour of SLIT. Skin reactivity and blood Alternaria tenuis specific IgE, total IgG and IgG changed in the SIT-treated group, while no statistically significant change was shown in the SLIT-treated group. These results are in good agreement with previous reports on SIT and SLIT with other inhalant allergens (mites, grasses), and suggest the potential use of SLIT for Alternaria allergy, mainly in young patients, when there are concerns about the safety of and compliance with the traditional injective therapy.
Minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy in 152 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

OBJECTIVE To examine the results of minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy (MIRP) in the treatment of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, including factors associated with negative technetium-labeled sestamibi scanning. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the findings in a group of 152 consecutive patients encountered during the period 2001 through 2004. The overall accuracy of preoperative sestamibi scanning was assessed, and the success of MIRP was determined on the basis of operative time, duration of hospital stay, and rate of complications. RESULTS All 152 patients underwent preoperative sestamibi scanning; 118 (78%) had positive scans and were treated with MIRP, whereas 34 (22%) had negative scans and underwent traditional neck explorations. Patients with negative sestamibi scans had 5 times the incidence of concomitant thyroid disease in comparison with those who had positive sestamibi scans (P<0.01), and they had higher rates of parathyroid hyperplasia (26% versus 0%; P<0.01). In comparison with traditional neck dissection, MIRP-treated patients had shorter operative times (38 minutes versus 86 minutes; P<0.01) and shorter hospital stays (0.67 day versus 1.09 days; P<0.01). Among the MIRP-treated patients, 67% were discharged the same day as performance of the outpatient surgical procedure. Correction of hypercalcemia was accomplished in 116 of 118 patients (98%) who underwent MIRP. Complications in the MIRP group were low, including 1 postoperative hemorrhage. No cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred. There were 2 false-positive sestamibi scans (1.3%). CONCLUSION Parathyroid hyperplasia and concomitant thyroid pathologic conditions are associated with negative preoperative sestamibi scans. MIRP is applicable in 78% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and is a safe, effective operation that results in shorter surgical time, reduced hospital stay, and minimal complications.
Pupal survey: an epidemiologically significant surveillance method for Aedes aegypti: an example using data from Trinidad.

This report documents the results of a country-wide pupal survey of Aedes aegypti (L.) conducted in Trinidad. The survey was designed to identify the important Ae. aegypti-producing containers, importance being a function of a container's abundance and its productivity. Results are summarized on a country-wide basis and by county: urban versus rural comparisons are also made. Numerically, the most common water-filled containers positive for the larvae or pupae of Ae. aegypti (foci) were outdoor drums, water storage tanks and buckets, laundry tubs, discarded tires, and small miscellaneous containers such as drink bottles and cans. The island-wide average number of foci per hectare was 287 and ranged between 65 and 499. The average standing crop per container of Ae. aegypti pupae was 9.5 and ranged 12-fold, the most and least productive being the flower pot (> 30) and the small indoor vase (< 3), respectively. In terms of production by type of container, four of the 11 types, outdoor drums, tubs, buckets, and small containers, accounted for > 90% of all Ae. aegypti pupae: the remaining seven types were responsible for < 10%. If targeted source reduction programs were directed by how important various container types were in the production of Ae. aegypti, environmental sanitation efforts designed to actually eliminate the ubiquitous small receptacle and tires would reduce mosquito densities by 43%; the provision of an adequate water supply system precluding the need for water storage in drums and buckets would have the potential to eliminate an additional 38%. Combined, these two measures have the potential to reduce the sources responsible for > 80% of Ae. aegypti production in the country. In our survey, the traditional Stegomyia indices used to document the density of Ae. aegypti and predict the threat of dengue transmission, the House, Container, and Breteau indices, were seen to have virtually no correspondence with the actual number of pupae per hectare or per person. We conclude that pupal survey is more appropriate for assessing risk and directing control operations.
Selection of data sets for qsars: Analyses of tetrahymena toxicity from aromatic compounds

The aim of this investigation was to develop a strategy for the formulation of a valid ecotoxicological-based QSAR while, at the same time, minimizing the required number of toxicological data points. Two chemical selection approaches--distance-based optimality and K nearest neighbor (KNN), were used to examine the impact of the number of compounds used in the training and testing phases of QSAR development (i.e. diversity and representivity, respectively) on the predictivity (i.e. external validation) of the QSAR. Regression-based QSARs for the ectotoxic potency for population growth impairment of aromatic compounds (benzenes) to the aquatic ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis were developed based on descriptors for chemical hydrophobicity and electrophilicity. A ratio of one compound in the training set to three in the test set was applied. The results indicate that from a known chemical universe, in this case 385 derivatives, robust QSARs of equal quality may be developed from a small number of diverse compounds, validated by a representative test set. As a conservative recommendation it is suggested that there should be a minimum of 10 observations for each variable in a QSAR.
A North Andean Status Trader Complex under Inka Rule

In the northernmost peripheries of the Inka Empire (northern Ecuador and Narifo Province, Colombia), an aboriginal status-trading complex resembling Mexican pochteca survived through and after Inka rule. Politically sponsored traders called mindalaes supplied aboriginal lords with sumptuary goods, and sometimes redistributed wealth so as to build political influence. Inkas' partial tolerance of this complex may reflect need for access to resources from zones radically resistant to
Proliferative recruitment of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes after microbial colonization of germ‐free mice

Intraepithelial lymhocytes (IEL), particularly αβ TCR‐bearing IEL (αβ‐IEL), dramatically increase in number after microbial colonization of formerly germ‐free (ex‐GF) mice (Umesaki et al., Immunology 1993. 79: 32). In this study, the kinetics of expansion of IEL after microbial colonization in ex‐GF mice were investigated by the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) continuous labeling method. In GF mice, γδ‐ and αβ‐IEL were gradually labeled with BrdUrd, reaching approximately 30% and 15% labeling, respectively, after 10 days of continuous BrdUrd labeling. In conventional (CV) mice, the percentage of BrdUrd‐labeled αβ‐IEL was a little higher than that for γδ‐IEL. The maximal labeling for αβ‐IEL and γδ‐IEL reached 50–60% and 40%, respectively, in 10 days. In the case of conventionalized ex‐GF mice, continuous labeling was started 11 days after microbial colonization of GF mice because αβ‐IEL outnumbered γδ‐IEL during this period. In this case, 75% of αβ‐IEL and 67% of γδ‐IEL were labeled with BrdUrd in 10 days. On the other hand, the apparent half lives of αβ‐IEL and γδ‐IEL were 10 and 20 days, respectively, in CV mice. These results strongly suggest that the number of IEL, particularly αβ‐IEL, increases after microbial colonization through recruitment into the cell cycle of a large proportion of IEL or their immediate precursors. The difference in the relative BrdUrd‐labeling rate of αβ‐IEL to that of γδ‐IEL between germ‐free and conventionalized mice indicates a preferential increase in the αβ‐IEL subset during the course of conventionalization.