Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TNF- acts via p38 MAPK to stimulate expression of the ubiquitin ligase atrogin1/MAFbx in skeletal muscle

Atrogin1/MAFbx is an ubiquitin ligase that mediates muscle atrophy in a variety of catabolic states. We recently found that H2O2 stimulates atrogin1/MAFbx gene expression. Since the cytokine tumor necrosis factor(TNF) stimulates both reactive oxygen production and general activity of the ubiquitin conjugating pathway, we hypothesized that TNFwould also increase atrogin1/MAFbx gene expression. As with H2O2, we found that TNFexposure upregulates atrogin1/MAFbx mRNA within 2 h in C2C12 myotubes. Intraperitoneal injection of TNFincreased atrogin1/MAFbx mRNA in skeletal muscle of adult mice within 4 h. Exposing myotubes to either TNFor H2O2 also produced general activation of the mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs): p38, ERK1/2, and JNK. The increase in atrogin1/MAFbx gene expression induced by TNFwas not altered significantly by ERK inhibitor PD98059 or the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In contrast, atrogin1/MAFbx up-regulation and the associated increase in ubiquitin conjugating activity were both blunted by p38 inhibitors, either SB203580 or curcumin. These data suggest that TNFacts via p38 to increase atrogin1/MAFbx gene expression in skeletal muscle. —Li, Y. -P., Chen, Y. , John, J., Moylan, J., Jin, B. , Mann, D. L. , Reid, M. B. TNFacts via p38 MAPK to stimulate expression of the ubiquitin ligase atrogin1/MAFbx in skeletal muscle FASEB J. 19, 362–370 (2005)
Chlamydia trachomatis: impact on human reproduction.

Chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) recognized throughout the world. Worldwide, the magnitude of morbidity associated with sexually transmitted chlamydial infections is enormous. C.trachomatis is a common cause of urethritis and cervicitis, and sequelae include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, tubal factor infertility, epididymitis, proctitis and reactive arthritis. The sharp worldwide increase in the incidence of PID during the past two decades has led to the secondary epidemics of tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydial PID is the most important preventable cause of infertility and adverse pregnancy outcome. Chlamydial infections, like STI in general, are primarily a woman's health care issue since the manifestations and consequences are more damaging to the reproductive health in women than in men. Based on the available evidence, approximately 20% of women with chlamydial lower genital tract infection will develop PID, approximately 4% develop chronic pelvic pain, 3% infertility, and 2% adverse pregnancy outcome. However, these estimates are based on relatively weak evidence. Research on the link between C.trachomatis and male aspects of infertility has been much more limited. Currently recommended treatment regimens include azithromycin in a single dose or doxycycline for 7 days. These therapies are highly efficacious. Timely management of sex partners is essential for decreasing the risk for re-infection. Immunopathogenesis of C.trachomatis infection is one of the main focal points of current research into Chlamydia. Chlamydial infection fills the general prerequisites for disease prevention by screening, i.e. chlamydial infections are highly prevalent, usually asymptomatic, are associated with significant morbidity, can be reliably diagnosed, and are treatable. Screening programmes for C.trachomatis will be of paramount importance in the prevention of long-term sequelae. The cost of screening is only a fraction of the health care costs incurred due to complications resulting from undiagnosed and untreated chlamydial infections. Current strategies to control C.trachomatis still largely depend on clinic-based screening of symptomatic patients, and have not been successful. The development of highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections has been an important advance in the ability to conduct population-based screening programmes to prevent complications. Thus, the case for screening is clearly made, but much detail remains to be worked out.
An Interactive Way to Acquire Internet Documents for Language Model Adaptation of Speech Recognition Systems

In this paper, a new method for language model adaptation based on users' feedback in the field of speech recognition is described. Different from other methods, the proposed method conducts corpus collection and language model adaptation in an interactive way. The user can input a small quantity of texts to describe the topic or the basic idea of the speech and evaluate some of the obtained texts as "good" or "useless". The system can learn from the interaction information and acquire textual corpus which is more relevant to the topic of the speech. Experimental results show that for a given speech recognition system using this approach the recognition accuracy is increased by 7 percentage points compared to the same system using traditional adaptation method without interaction.
Modelling and Prediction for Functional Relationships between Time-series

research in the sciences involves modelling and prediction of the functional relationship between simultaneous time series. In this paper we present a new method to infer functional relationship between simultaneous time series based on the modified version of Singular Value Decomposition method. We firstly extract the dominant relationships, perform pattern analyses on the dominant relationships, and construct the model equations of functional relationship between the time series through the time before the forecast period of interest. We then conduct predictions on the future values of one time series from another time series based on the model equations. Several regression schemes are proposed to serve as a prediction basis. The proposed model is applied to predict the real simultaneous health outcome time series. The simulation, the predictions and the real data show good agreement.
Anaerobically expressed Escherichia coli genes identified by operon fusion techniques

Genes that are expressed under anaerobic conditions were identified by operon fusion techniques with a hybrid bacteriophage of lambda and Mu, lambda placMu53, which creates transcriptional fusions to lacZY. Cells were screened for anaerobic expression on XG medium. Nine strains were selected, and the insertion point of the hybrid phage in each strain was mapped on the Escherichia coli chromosome linkage map. The anaerobic and aerobic expression levels of these genes were measured by beta-galactosidase assays in different medium conditions and in the presence of three regulatory mutations (fnr, narL, and rpoN). The anaerobically expressed genes (aeg) located at minute 99 (aeg-99) and 75 (aeg-75) appeared to be partially regulated by fnr, and aeg-93 is tightly regulated by fnr. aeg-60 requires a functional rpoN gene for its anaerobic expression. aeg-46.5 is repressed by narL. aeg-65A and aeg-65C are partially controlled by fnr but only in media containing nitrate or fumarate. aeg-47.5 and aeg-48.5 were found to be anaerobically induced only in rich media. The effects of a narL mutation on aeg-46.5 expression were observed in all medium conditions regardless of the presence or absence of nitrate. This suggests that narL has a regulatory function in the absence of exogenously added nitrate.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement

This study compared proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) for prevention of low-dose aspirin (LDA)-related gastrointestinal (GI) erosion, ulcer and bleeding. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and WanFang Data were searched from the date of their establishment to December 31, 2013. Randomized controlled trials comparing PPIs and H2RAs for prevention of GI injury associated with low-dose aspirin (LDA) were collected. Two reviewers independently abstracted studies and patient characteristics and appraised study quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. We included nine RCTs involving 1047 patients. The meta-analysis showed that PPIs were superior to H2RAs for prevention of LDA-associated GI erosion/ulcer [odds ratio (OR=0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16–0.50] and bleeding (OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.14–0.59). In conclusion, PPIs were superior to H2RAs for prevention of LDA-related GI erosion/ulcer and bleeding. Higher quality, large, multicenter RCTs are needed to demonstrate the preventive effect of the two acid-suppressive drugs.
CYTOPLASMIC MICROTUBULES

Small cytoplasmic tubules are present in the interstitial cells and cnidoblasts of hydra. They are referred to here as "microtubules. " These tubular elements have an outside diameter of 180 A and an inside diameter of 80 A. By difference, the membranous wall is estimated to be 50 A thick. The maximum length of the microtubules cannot be determined from thin sections but is known to exceed 1.5 µ. In the interstitial cells the microtubules are found in the intercellular bridges, free in the cytoplasm and in association with the centrioles. In the cnidoblast they form a framework around the developing nematocyst and in late stages are related to the cnidocil forming a tight skein in the basal part of the cell. Especially in this cell, confluence of microtubules with small spherical vesicles of the Golgi complex has been observed. It is proposed that these tubules function in the transport of water, ions, or small molecules.
Evaluating the Usability of Visual Formalisms

The design of user interfaces for information-intensive applications is a challenging problem, where the organisation, visualisation and manipulation of complex data are important. Visual formalisms are proposed as a good basis for the design of interfaces to complex scientific, engineering and business applications. They are diagrammatic displays with well-defined semantics for expressing relations. This research work focuses on evaluating the usability of visual formalisms. We show by way of an example how to empirically assess the effectiveness of visual formalisms supported in an object-oriented database.
Identifying Image Spam based on Header and File Properties using C4.5 Decision Trees and Support Vector Machine Learning

Image spam poses a great threat to email communications due to high volumes, bigger bandwidth requirements, and higher processing requirements for filtering. We present a feature extraction and classification framework that operates on features that can be extracted from image files in a very fast fashion. The features considered are thoroughly analyzed regarding their information gain. We present classification performance results for C4.5 decision tree and support vector machine classifiers. Lastly, we compare the performance that can be achieved using these fast features to a more complex image classifier operating on morphological features extracted from fully decoded images. The proposed classifier is able to detect a large amount of malicious images while being computationally inexpensive.
B3 0003+387: AGN-Marked Large-Scale Structure at Redshift 1.47?

We present evidence for a significant overdensity of red galaxies, as much as a factor of 14 over comparable field samples, in the field of the z = 1.47 radio galaxy B3 0003+387. The colors and luminosities of the brightest red galaxies are consistent with their being at z > 0.8. The radio galaxy and one of the red galaxies are separated by 5″ and show some evidence of a possible interaction. However, the red galaxies do not show any strong clustering around the radio galaxy or around any of the brighter red galaxies. The data suggest that we are looking at a wall or sheet of galaxies, possibly associated with the radio galaxy at z = 1.47. Spectroscopic redshifts of these red galaxies will be necessary to confirm this large-scale structure.
2 0 Se p 20 05 Generalised permutation branes

We propose a new class of non-factorising D-branes in the product group G × G where the fluxes and metrics on the two factors do not necessarily coincide. They generalise the maximally symmetric permutation branes which are known to exist when the fluxes agree, but break the symmetry down to the diagonal current algebra in the generic case. Evidence for the existence of these branes comes from a Lagrangian description for the open string world-sheet and from effective Dirac-Born-Infeld theory. We state the geometry, gauge fields and, in the case of SU(2) × SU(2), tensions and partial results on the open string spectrum. In the latter case the generalised permutation branes provide a natural and complete explanation for the charges predicted by K-theory including their torsion. KCL-MTH-05-11
Efficient Bimanual Symmetric 3 D Manipulation for Markerless Hand-Tracking

Recently, stable markerless 6 DOF video based handtracking devices became available. These devices simultaneously track the positions and orientations f the user’s both hands in different postures wit h at least 25 frames per second. Such hand-tracking allows for us ing the human hands as natural input devices. Howev er, the absence of physical buttons for performing click ac tions and state changes poses severe challenges in des gning an efficient and easy to use 3D interface on top of such a device. In particular, for coupling and dec oupling the object’s movements to the user’s hand (i.e. grabbin g a d releasing) a solution has to be found. In thi s paper, we introduce a novel technique for efficient two-hande d grabbing and releasing objects and intuitively ma nipulating them in the virtual space. This technique is integr ated in a novel 3D interface for virtual manipulati ons. A user experiment shows the superior applicability of this new technique.
Radar cross-section analysis using theoretical and experimental signatures

The radar cross section of a target is a complex quantity possessing both an amplitude and a phase. Most of the work done up to the present day restricts itself to discussing the former, the latter being almost completely ignored. Yet it seems reasonable to assume that a study of both the amplitude and phase characteristics would lead to a more complete picture of the target under consideration. The present paper focuses on the analytical and experimental aspects of the phase behaviour (with a few remarks on the amplitude), giving detailed descriptions in the case of a cylinder and a dart (examples of a simple and complex target respectively).
Anti-Müllerian hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor polymorphisms are associated with follicular phase estradiol levels in normo-ovulatory women.

BACKGROUND In mice, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibits primordial follicle recruitment and decreases FSH sensitivity. Little is known about the role of AMH in human ovarian physiology. We hypothesize that in women AMH has a similar role in ovarian function as in mice and investigated this using a genetic approach. METHODS The association of the AMH Ile(49)Ser and the AMH type II receptor (AMHR2) -482 A > G polymorphisms with menstrual cycle characteristics was studied in a Dutch (n = 32) and a German (n = 21) cohort of normo-ovulatory women. RESULTS Carriers of the AMH Ser(49) allele had higher serum estradiol (E(2)) levels on menstrual cycle day 3 when compared with non-carriers in the Dutch cohort (P = 0.012) and in the combined Dutch and German cohort (P = 0.03). Carriers of the AMHR2 -482G allele also had higher follicular phase E(2) levels when compared with non-carriers in the Dutch cohort (P = 0.028), the German cohort (P = 0.048) and hence also the combined cohort (P = 0.012). Women carrying both AMH Ser(49) and AMHR2 -482G alleles had highest E(2) levels (P = 0.001). For both polymorphisms no association with serum AMH or FSH levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in the AMH and AMHR2 genes are associated with follicular phase E(2) levels, suggesting a role for AMH in the regulation of FSH sensitivity in the human ovary.
Estilos de afrontamiento y generación de estrés interpersonal en adolescentes

Resumen : Este estudio examina el rol del afrontamiento en el modelo de generacion de estres. En un estudio longitudinal en dos tiempos, se evaluo si los sintomas depresivos y diversos estilos de afrontamiento (distanciamiento, control primario y control secundario) predecian un aumento de la ocurrencia de los sucesos estresantes interpersonales y de su percepcion de estresantes seis meses mas tarde. La muestra fi nal consistio en 948 estudiantes (435 chicas, 511 chicos, edad: 15-20 anos; Media = 17.03; DT = 1.01). Los resultados apoyan el modelo de generacion de estres en el que la sintomatologia depresiva en un primer momento temporal predice un aumento del numero de estresores y del estres percibido en un segundo momento temporal. El afrontamiento tipo distanciamiento predice un aumento del estres percibido solo en las chicas. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados a nivel teorico y aplicado. Abstract : Coping styles and generation of interpersonal stress in adolescents . This study examines the role of coping in the stress generation model. In a two-wave longitudinal study, we examined whether depressive symptoms and coping styles (disengagement, primary control engagement and secondary control engagement) predicted an increase of the number of interpersonal stressors and perceived stress six months later. The final sample consisted of 948 students (435 female, 511 male, age: 15- 20 years; Mean: 17.03, SD = 1.01). Findings support the stress generation model with depressive symptoms predicting the increase of both number of stressors and perceived stress over time. Disengagement coping predicted an increase of perceived stress only in girls. Implications of these findings for theory and applications are discussed.
An Efficient Power Scheduling Scheme for Residential Load Management in Smart Homes

In this paper, we propose mathematical optimization models of household energy units to optimally control the major residential energy loads while preserving the user preferences. User comfort is modelled in a simple way, which considers appliance class, user preferences and weather conditions. The wind-driven optimization (WDO) algorithm with the objective function of comfort maximization along with minimum electricity cost is defined and implemented. On the other hand, for maximum electricity bill and peak reduction, min-max regret-based knapsack problem (K-WDO) algorithm is used. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, extensive simulations are conducted for several scenarios. The simulations show that the proposed algorithms provide with the best optimal results with a fast convergence rate, as compared to the existing techniques.
Linking the Primary Cilium to Cell Migration in Tissue Repair and Brain Development

Primary cilia are unique sensory organelles that coordinate cellular signaling networks in vertebrates. Inevitably, defects in the formation or function of primary cilia lead to imbalanced regulation of cellular processes that causes multisystemic disorders and diseases, commonly known as ciliopathies. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that primary cilia coordinate multiple activities that are required for cell migration, which, when they are aberrantly regulated, lead to defects in organogenesis and tissue repair, as well as metastasis of tumors. Here, we present an overview on how primary cilia may contribute to the regulation of the cellular signaling pathways that control cyclic processes in directional cell migration.
A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Multiuser Scheduling on the LTE Downlink

The problem of multi-user radio resource scheduling on the downlink of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular communication system is addressed in this paper. The optimization model used imposed that the radio resources for multiple users are jointly allocated at the air-interface. The study shows that optimal and near optimal solutions to such a problem may provide reasonable gain over a simply greedy approach using global and local/heuristic approaches. On one hand, the complexity of the global optimal approach appears prohibitively high, on the other hand, the heuristic approach, namely Genetic Algorithm (GA), provides much better near-optimal results with significant reduction in complexity.
Infrastructure for a multilingual subtitle generation system

The expansion of digital television and the increasing demand to manipulate audiovisual content underlie the need for tools and systems that will automate the multilingual subtitle generation process. In this setting the MUSA project aims at providing a system which combines speech recognition, advanced text analysis, and machine translation to help generate multilingual subtitles. In its current version the system treats English as source and target language, as far as subtitle generation is concerned, French and Greek as subtitle translation target languages. In order to train and evaluate system components, an array of application specific resources is necessary. Primary audiovisual data consist in BBC TV documentaries. For each programme the set of multifaceted multimedia parallel data captured include: the actual video, its transcript or script, English, Greek and French subtitles, and topically relevant newspaper or web-sourced extracts.
GENERALIZATION CAPACITY OF NEURAL NETWORKS FOR THECLASSIFICATION OF OVARIUM

An experienced surgeant is able to make a prediction about the malignancy of an ovarium tumour by means of the presented medical information (such as medical images, morphology and demographic features). To support this classiication process, we try to automate the prediction by means of a supervised neural network. A neural network is able to deduce unknown relations from the data by means of its learning capacity and to generalise towards unseen cases (not presented in the training set). Therefore, it is suited for this biomedical classiication task. To obtain a good generalization, large amounts of data have to be presented to the neural network. Unfortunately, we only have a small data set at our disposal, such that the risk of memo-rising the examples in the training set increases. This phenomenon is called overtraining. Since a wrong diagnosis has very strong consequences on the welfare of the patient, the generalization capacity of the network has to be examined thoroughly. We will study two techniques to avoid overtraining: early stopping and regularization.
Distributed receding horizon planning for multi-robot systems

This paper considers the navigation of a group of nonholonomic autonomous mobile robots subject to constraints imposed by sensors. The proposed scheme uses a decentralized receding horizon motion planner, in which each robot computes its own planned trajectory. The proposed scheme is divided into two steps. First, each robot computes its presumed trajectory without taking the coupling constraints (i.e. the collision avoidance between robots) into account. Then, robots which may produce collision adjust their presumed trajectory using local exchanged information. The proposed algorithm, based on potential field method, allows the navigation of a large-scale multi-robot system. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.