Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overprinting of TPU onto PA6 Substrates: The Influences of the Interfacial Area, Surface Roughness and Processing Parameters on the Adhesion between Components

The hybridisation of injection moulding (IM) and additive manufacturing (AM) offers the opportunity to combine the high productivity of IM and the high flexibility of AM into a single process. IM parts can be overprinted through fused filament fabrication (FFF) to allow for the customisation of parts or to add new functionalities. However, the right material pair must be chosen, and processing parameters must be optimised to achieve suitable adhesion between the components. The present study dealt with the investigation of the influence of the interfacial area, substrate surface roughness and overprinting processing parameters on the adhesion between the polyamide 6 (PA6) substrate and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) rib overprinted via FFF. PA6 substrates were produced through the IM of plates into a mould with different textures to obtain substrates with three different surface roughnesses. The ribs with varied interfacial areas were overprinted onto produced substrates using a desktop FFF 3D printer. To study the effect of overprinting processing parameters, the ribs were overprinted under varying printing and substrate temperatures and printing speeds according to the Box–Behnken design of experiments (DoE). The chemical composition and thermal properties of used materials were determined via attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The surface properties of prepared substrates were studied via digital optical microscopy (OM), through surface roughness measurements using a confocal microscope, through contact angle (CA) measurements and through the determination of free surface energy (SFE). The adhesion between the components was determined by evaluating the tear-off strength using a universal testing machine (UTM). With an increasing interfacial area, the tear-off strength decreased, while substrate surface roughness had no statistically significant effect. Overprinting parameters influenced the tear-off strength in the order of printing speed > printing temperature > substrate temperature. High values of tear-off strength were found for the lowest printing speed, while there were no important differences found between the middle and upper values. With increasing printing and substrate temperatures, the tear-off strength increased linearly. The highest value of tear-off strength (0.84 MPa) was observed at a printing temperature, substrate temperature and printing speed of 250 °C, 80 °C and 2 mm/s, respectively.
Application of Landsat-8 and ASTER satellite remote sensing data for porphyry copper exploration: a case study from Shahr-e-Babak, Kerman, south of Iran

Abstract The Shahr-e-Babak region located in the Kerman metallogenic belt is one of the high potential segments of Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc for porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization in the south of Iran. This high potential zone encompasses several porphyry copper deposits under exploitation, development and exploration stages. The aim of this study is to evaluate Landsat-8 data and comparison with the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data-sets for mapping hydrothermal alteration zones related to Cenozoic magmatic intrusions in Shahr-e-Babak region. Previous studies have proven the robust application of ASTER in lithological mapping and mineral exploration; nonetheless, the Landsat-8 data have high capability to map and detect hydrothermal alteration zones associated with porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization. In this investigation, several band combinations and multiplications, developed selective principal component analysis and image transformations were developed for discriminating hydrothermal alteration zones associated with porphyry copper mineralization using Landsat-8 data.
Thorough statistical comparison of machine learning regression models and their ensembles for sub-pixel imperviousness and imperviousness change mapping

We evaluated the performance of nine machine learning regression algorithms and their ensembles for sub-pixel estimation of impervious areas coverages from Landsat imagery. The accuracy of imperviousness mapping in individual time points was assessed based on RMSE, MAE and R2. These measures were also used for the assessment of imperviousness change intensity estimations. The applicability for detection of relevant changes in impervious areas coverages at sub-pixel level was evaluated using overall accuracy, F-measure and ROC Area Under Curve. The results proved that Cubist algorithm may be advised for Landsat-based mapping of imperviousness for single dates. Stochastic gradient boosting of regression trees (GBM) may be also considered for this purpose. However, Random Forest algorithm is endorsed for both imperviousness change detection and mapping of its intensity. In all applications the heterogeneous model ensembles performed at least as well as the best individual models or better. They may be recommended for improving the quality of sub-pixel imperviousness and imperviousness change mapping. The study revealed also limitations of the investigated methodology for detection of subtle changes of imperviousness inside the pixel. None of the tested approaches was able to reliably classify changed and non-changed pixels if the relevant change threshold was set as one or three percent. Also for fi ve percent change threshold most of algorithms did not ensure that the accuracy of change map is higher than the accuracy of random classifi er. For the threshold of relevant change set as ten percent all approaches performed satisfactory.
ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEYBAĞ-MUĞLA (TURKEY) BYZANTINE SKELETONS

Skeletal material forms the basis of paleoanthropological studies and they are also valuable sources of information for the assessment of elemental analysis which may provide clues about nutritional status of ancient populations. Study material comprises skeletons from the necropolis of Beybağ-Muğla (Turkey) region belonging to Byzantine period and excavated during 2008 period. 52 femoral samples (19 men, 18 women, 15 children) and 3 soil samples were studied with the aid of XRF spectroscopy. Macro elements such as calcium, iron and phosphorus as well as trace elements such as arsenic, barium, lead, strontium and zinc were evaluated in order to figure out nutritional status of this Byzantine population with the help of skeletal elemental analysis. In addition it was also aimed to assess different parts of femoral bone within the study in order to determine the effect of sampling area in this population. Results were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests. Strontium values for groups were found significantly higher than soil samples. Similarly zinc and phosphorus values for groups were also found significantly higher than soil. However barium, iron and iodine values were found similar to soil samples and affected by diagenetic rather than a biogenetic source. Phosphorus content of bone material was high and Ca/P rate was found lower than observed values in literature which is possibly due to diagenesis. Log (Ba/Sr) rate was * Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Anthropology, Van, Turkey E-mail: sedaarihan@yyu.edu. tr ** Gazi University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Conservation & Restoration of Cultural Properties, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: aliakinakyol@gmail.com *** Ankara University, Faculty of Language, History and Geography, Department of Anthropology, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: iozer@ankara.edu. tr ****Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Van, Turkey Corresponding Author E-mail: sedaarihan@yahoo.com E-mail: okanarihan@yyu.edu. tr Makale Bilgisi Başvuru: 21 Eylül 2015 Hakem Değerlendirmesi: 9 Aralık 2015
Precipitation, Convective Clouds, and Their Connections With Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Intensity Change

In this paper, satellite‐based precipitation, clouds with infrared (IR) brightness temperature (BT), and tropical cyclone (TC) data from 2000 to 2015 are used to explore the relationship between precipitation, convective cloud, and TC intensity change in the Western North Pacific Ocean. An IR BT of 208 K was chosen as a threshold for deep convection based on different diurnal cycles of IR BT. More precipitation and colder clouds with 208 K < IR BT < 240 K are found as storms intensify, while TC 24 h future intensity change is closely connected with very deep convective clouds with IR BT < 208 K. Intensifying TCs follow the occurrence of colder clouds with IR BT < 208 K with greater areal extents. As an indicator of very deep convective clouds, IR BT < 208 K is suggested to be a good predictor of TC intensity change. Based upon the 16 year analysis in the western North Pacific, TCs under the conditions that the mean temperature of very deep convective clouds is less than 201 K, and the coverage of this type of clouds is more than 27.4% within a radius of 300 km of the TC center, will more likely undergo rapid intensification after 24 h.
Molecular biology of chemosensory communication in a marine pest, the Crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci species complex

Coral reefs, such as the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Australia, are among the most diverse ecosystems on earth and are highly valuable to human populations. These ecosystems are currently under significant threat worldwide, experiencing severe and accelerating decline. Coral mortality has been attributed to three primary drivers: tropical storms, coral bleaching due to increasing ocean temperatures, and outbreaks of the Crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci species complex (COTS). This species is a predator of reef-building corals and cyclic population explosions cause widespread destruction, particularly on the Great Barrier Reef. Despite decades of research and development, control methods for this species remain inadequate, and there is a clear need for the development of innovative long-term control strategies that will reduce or prevent COTS outbreaks. ; Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of the Sunshine Coast, 2018.
Stereotactic Electroencephalogram Recordings in Temporal Lobectomy Patients Demonstrates the Predictive Value of Interictal Cross-Frequency Correlations: A Retrospective Study

Background: Positive correlations between low- and high-frequency spectra from stereotactic electroencephalogram (SEEG) recordings have been implicated in pathological brain activity interictally and have been used for ictal detection in both focal and network models. Objective: We evaluated SEEG signals in patients who ultimately underwent temporal lobectomy to evaluate their utility in seizure localization and prediction of seizure freedom post-resection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed cross-frequency correlations between beta and high gamma (HG) interictal SEEG signals from 22 patients. We compared signals based on temporal versus extra-temporal locations, seizure-free (SF) versus non-seizure-free (NSF) outcomes, and mesial (M) versus mesial temporal-plus (M+) onset. Results: Positive cross-correlations were increased in temporal areas. NSF patients showed a higher proportion of positive electrodes in temporal areas. SF patients had a greater proportion of significant channels in mesial versus lateral temporal areas. HG/Beta correlations in mesial versus lateral temporal areas predicted seizure freedom better than ictal SEEG seizure onset localization to M or M+ locations. Conclusions: We present preliminary data that local HG/Beta correlations may predict epilepsy focus and surgical outcome and may have utility as adjunct methods to conventional SEEG analysis. Further studies are needed to determine strategies for prospective studies and clinical use.
Critical Perspective on Climate Change Adaptation among Farmers in Developing Nations: Unpacking Divergent Approaches

This paper seeks to explore and assess recent literature (2007-present) on climate change adaptation (CCA) among farmers in developing nations, to better understand the range of adaptation approaches prevalent in such nations. Unpacking what adaptation approaches exist in scholarly publications is relevant since scholarly ideas often shape policy directions and negotiations in climate-proof interventions. The study asks: 1) What are the different adaptation approaches authors employing in CCA studies among farmers in the developing nations? 2) What are the research methodologies prevalent in these climate adaptation studies to date? 3) What strengths and weaknesses can be unpacked in the different adaptation approaches. Abbreviations: CCA: Climate Change Adaptation; IFATPC: International Food and Agricultural Trade Policy Council
An Optimized Method for Evaluating the Potential Gd-Nanoparticle Dose Enhancement Produced by Electronic Brachytherapy

This work reports an optimized method to experimentally quantify the Gd-nanoparticle dose enhancement generated by electronic brachytherapy. The dose enhancement was evaluated considering energy beams of 50 kVp and 70 kVp, determining the Gd-nanoparticle concentration ranges that would optimize the process for each energy. The evaluation was performed using delaminated radiochromic films and a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) phantom covered on one side by a thin 2.5 μm Mylar filter acting as an interface between the region with Gd suspension and the radiosensitive film substrate. The results for the 70 kVp beam quality showed dose increments of 6±6%, 22±7%, and 9±7% at different concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 mg/mL, respectively, verifying the competitive mechanisms of enhancement and attenuation. For the 50 kVp beam quality, no increase in dose was recorded for the concentrations studied, indicating that the major contribution to enhancement is from the K-edge interaction. In order to separate the contributions of attenuation and enhancement to the total dose, measurements were replicated with a 12 μm Mylar filter, obtaining a dose enhancement attributable to the K-edge of 29±7% and 34±7% at 20 and 30 mg/mL, respectively, evidencing a significant additional dose proportional to the Gd concentration.
The Calc-Alkaline Hidden Bay and Kagalaska Plutons and the Construction of the Central Aleutian Oceanic Arc Crust

Calc-alkaline plutons are the major crustal building blocks of continental margins, but are rarely exposed in oceanic island arcs. Two of the best examples are the ∼10 km wide Hidden Bay and Kagalaska plutons that intrude Eocene mafic volcanic–sedimentary rocks on Adak and Kagalaska islands in the central Aleutian arc. Twenty new Ar/Ar and U/Pb ages, coupled with published ages, show that the Hidden Bay pluton was intruded in multiple stages from ∼34·6 to 30·9 Ma, whereas the Kagalaska pluton was intruded at ∼14 Ma. The plutons largely consist of medium- to high-K2O hornblende-bearing cumulate diorite (53–55 wt % SiO2) and hornblende–biotite granodiorite (57–64 wt %), with lesser amounts of gabbro (50–52 wt % SiO2), leucogranodiorite (67–69 wt % SiO2) and aplite (76–77 wt % SiO2) that can generally be linked to each other by crystal fractionation. The compositions of these plutons are generally similar to those of continental plutons, except for more oceanic-like large ion lithophile element and isotopic signatures (87Sr/86Sr = 0·703–0·7033; ɛNd = 9·4–7·7) that reflect oceanic- rather than continental-type crustal contaminants. Chemical similarities between the Hidden Bay homogeneous gabbros and high-Al basalts in Adak Pleistocene-Holocene volcanoes indicate little temporal evolution in the general character of the mantle-derived basalts. Rather than a unique arc setting and distinctive magmas, formation of the Aleutian calc-alkaline plutons seems to require a sufficient crustal thickness (∼37 km) and a high enough water content to stabilize pargasitic hornblende amphibole in a relatively closed magma system that favors increasing K, Ti and H2O at the end of a magmatic cycle. This termination of magmatism coincides with a northward migration of the magmatic front that is inferred to be associated with fore-arc subduction erosion. In accord with Adak region crustal architecture based on seismic data, crystallization models for the plutons suggest that mantle-generated hydrous arc basalts fractionated olivine and clinopyroxene in the lower crust to form high-Al basaltic composition magmas that rose into the mid-crust, where gabbro and diorite crystallized to form the magmas that buoyantly rose into the upper crust and crystallized to form the volumetrically dominant granodiorite (58–63 wt % SiO2). The most important temporal changes in chemistry can be explained by fore-arc crust incorporated into the mantle wedge by fore-arc subduction erosion creating ‘adakitic’ signatures at times of northward arc migration and a change to a more continental subducted sediment component at the time of Plio-Pleistocene glaciation.
Forecasting medical inflation in the European Union using the ARIMA model

As healthcare costs continue to pose significant challenges for governments and policymakers, accurate forecasting of medical inflation has become crucial in the European Union. This study aims to provide insights into the trajectory of medical inflation within the EU using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and to check whether this model is an effective tool for predic - tions of medical inflation. The findings of the study have significant implications across various sectors. With accurate forecasts of medical inflation, policymakers can proactively address challenges, insurers can determine appropriate premiums and develop innovative models, and healthcare entities can allocate resources strategically to ensure financial stability and quality care.
Time-Course Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Insights into the Inflorescence and Flower Development of Cardiocrinum giganteum

Cardiocrinum giganteum is an endemic species of east Asia which is famous for its showy inflorescence and medicinal bulbs. Its inflorescence is a determinate raceme and the flowers bloom synchronously. Morphological observation and time-course transcriptomic analysis were combined to study the process of inflorescence and flower development of C. giganteum. The results show that the autonomic pathway, GA pathway, and the vernalization pathway are involved in the flower formation pathway of C. giganteum. A varied ABCDE flowering model was deduced from the main development process. Moreover, it was found that the flowers in different parts of the raceme in C. giganteum gradually synchronized during development, which is highly important for both evolution and ecology. The results obtained in this work improve our understanding of the process and mechanism of inflorescence and flower development and could be useful for the flowering period regulation and breeding of C. giganteum.
Influence of Vegetation Growth on the Enhanced Seasonality of Atmospheric CO2

The amplitude of seasonal fluctuations in concentrations of atmospheric CO2 has increased over recent decades. Model‐based studies suggest that this increase could be the result of enhanced vegetation growth during the growing season and ecosystem respiration in the nongrowing season. Here we investigated seasonal changes in vegetation growth derived from satellite‐based observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2013. We found notable agreement between these observations and interannual variations of seasonality of global atmospheric CO2, suggesting that terrestrial vegetation growth is the dominant driver of the seasonality of the concentration of atmospheric CO2. Specifically, we found that the trend in seasonality of global vegetation growth was not continuous from 1982 to 2013 and that it increased substantially after 2001. In response, the trend of seasonality in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 stalled from 1982 to 2000 but increased from 2001 onward. This 2001 change in the growth seasonality trend was largely a result of decreased NDVI during spring and winter. CMIP5 models were unable to reproduce this observed seasonality. Our results showed the dominant role played by vegetation growth in determining atmospheric CO2 seasonality, highlighting the need to improve representation of vegetation growth in current terrestrial models to adequately indicate seasonal changes in the concentration of atmospheric CO2.
Functional forms and price elasticities in a discrete continuous choice model of the residential water demand

During recent decades, water demand estimation has gained considerable attention from scholars. From an econometric perspective, the most used functional forms include log‐log and linear specifications. Despite the advances in this field and the relevance for policymaking, little attention has been paid to the functional forms used in these estimations, and most authors have not provided justifications for their selection of functional forms. A discrete continuous choice model of the residential water demand is estimated using six functional forms (log‐log, full‐log, log‐quadratic, semilog, linear, and Stone‐Geary), and the expected consumption and price elasticity are evaluated. From a policy perspective, our results highlight the relevance of functional form selection for both the expected consumption and price elasticity.
Gut Microbiome–Colorectal Cancer Relationship

Traditionally, the role of gut dysbiosis was thought to be limited to pathologies like Clostridioides difficile infection, but studies have shown its role in other intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. Similarly, recent studies have surfaced showing the strong potential role of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer, which was traditionally attributed mainly to sporadic or germline mutations. Given that it is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality, 78 grants totaling more than USD 28 million have been granted to improve colon cancer management since 2019. Concerted efforts by several of these studies have identified specific bacterial consortia inducing a proinflammatory environment and promoting genotoxin production, causing the induction or progression of colorectal cancer. In addition, changes in the gut microbiome have also been shown to alter the response to cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy, thus changing cancer prognosis. Certain bacteria have been identified as biomarkers to predict the efficacy of antineoplastic medications. Given these discoveries, efforts have been made to alter the gut microbiome to promote a favorable diversity to improve cancer progression and the response to therapy. In this review, we expand on the gut microbiome, its association with colorectal cancer, and antineoplastic medications. We also discuss the evolving paradigm of fecal microbiota transplantation in the context of colorectal cancer management.