Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental precursors of child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia and affective psychoses: diagnostic specificity and continuity with symptom dimensions.

BACKGROUND An increased rate of premorbid impairment has been reported in both child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenic and affective psychoses. AIMS To examine the evidence for a specific association between premorbid impairment and child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia, and whether specific continuities exist between premorbid impairments and psychotic symptom dimensions. METHOD Retrospective case note study of 110 first-episode child- and adolescent-onset psychoses (age 10-17 years). DSM-III-R diagnoses derived from the OPCRIT algorithm showed 61 with schizophrenia (mean age 14.1 years) and 49 with other non-schizophrenic psychoses (mean age 14.7 years). RESULTS Premorbid social impairment was more common in early-onset schizophrenia than in other early-onset psychoses (OR 1.9, P=0.03). Overall, impaired premorbid development, enuresis and incontinence during psychosis were specifically associated with the negative psychotic symptom dimension. CONCLUSIONS Premorbid social impairments are more marked in child-and adolescent-onset schizophrenia than in other psychoses. There appears to be developmental continuity from premorbid impairment to negative symptoms.
Stability analysis of wireless networked control with time-varying sampling period

In this paper, a waireless networked control systems with time-varying sampling is shown to be stable in determinate and stochastic cases. When the sampling time varies determinately independently identically Lyapunov method is used. When sampling time varies stochastically, Markov chain-driven transmission and mean-square quadratic asymptotic stability is proven.
Improving Adolescent Reading Skills in Rural Areas Using Evidence-Based Practices

Addressing the reading needs of adolescent learners living in rural areas may create challenges for teachers and administrators in the age of accountability. This study addressed this issue by implementing two explicit instructional approaches with struggling adolescent readers (n = 49) in a rural middle school in the southeastern United States. Both programs were commercially available Direct Instruction (DI) programs. The sixth, seventh, and eighth grade participants were 2 or more years behind in reading achievement as measured by an individualized test of achievement. Placement tests for commercially available DI programs were used as decision points for placing participants in 1 of 2 groups. A 2 × 4 multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed significant differences between the two instructional groups in that those with more skills demonstrated more gains on reading measures used in this study. These results indicate that systematic, explicit reading instruction can be delivered successfully in general education settings for middle school students who are struggling readers; however, attention must be given to the initial capabilities of students when evaluating the effectiveness of educational programming.
Clinical Aspects of Feline Retroviruses: A Review

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses with global impact on the health of domestic cats. The two viruses differ in their potential to cause disease. FeLV is more pathogenic, and was long considered to be responsible for more clinical syndromes than any other agent in cats. FeLV can cause tumors (mainly lymphoma), bone marrow suppression syndromes (mainly anemia), and lead to secondary infectious diseases caused by suppressive effects of the virus on bone marrow and the immune system. Today, FeLV is less commonly diagnosed than in the previous 20 years; prevalence has been decreasing in most countries. However, FeLV importance may be underestimated as it has been shown that regressively infected cats (that are negative in routinely used FeLV tests) also can develop clinical signs. FIV can cause an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that increases the risk of opportunistic infections, neurological diseases, and tumors. In most naturally infected cats, however, FIV itself does not cause severe clinical signs, and FIV-infected cats may live many years without any health problems. This article provides a review of clinical syndromes in progressively and regressively FeLV-infected cats as well as in FIV-infected cats.
International Coriference on System Science and Engineering The Torque Control of Human Power Assisted Electric Bikes

This paper investigates the issues of torque control strategies for light electric bike systems with human power assistance. The feature of this electric bike equipped with both usual electrical machine power and personal-dependent human power makes its operation distinct from other types of vehicle. To facilitate a reliable and smooth torque control design, a speculation of the human torque exerted during electrical bike's motion is proposed as function of the desired velocity and actual vehicle velocity. Then, three torque control strategies are formulated, termed the manual control, proportional control, and assistant control, respectively. The assistant control approach is proposed in this work as a control signal to compensate the disturbance torque, which comprises the human torque and the resistance torque from various sources, including the wind, the tire, and the gradient angle. Also, three control laws based on these three control strategies are presented, and the evaluation of these control laws is conducted via time response simulation. Keywords-Electric bike, torque control, human power assistance, disturbance compensation, resistance torque
Granuloma Mimicking Local Recurrence on PET/CT after Liver Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastasis: A Case Report

Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) improves the diagnostic interpretation of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG ) PET and CT in oncologic patients and has an impact on both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of patient management. However, false positive findings from the PET/CT imaging should be taken into consideration as they mislead physicians into improper therapeutic actions. We present a 48-year-old female patient with a history of left colectomy for colorectal cancer and subsequent liver metastasectomy. After one year of follow-up, she presented with a highly suspicious lesion in the liver, which was confirmed on PET/CT as a metastatic liver tumor. Consequently, the patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor, and the definitive histological diagnosis showed a granulomatous tissue with giant cells and foreign body tissue reaction. Based on this report, we briefly review the dangerous pitfalls from radiological and PET/CT imaging concerning the preoperative diagnostic workup examination, as they may significantly alter the treatment plan in oncologic patients.
Classification and metaclassification in large scale data mining application for estimation of software projects

In this article we present an application of Artificial Intelligence for estimation of software projects. The research presented herein was based on several methods of classification and metaclassification. Due to increasing significance of Open Source, we have selected projects being hosted on the leading platform for Open Source projects — Sourceforge.net. In the first part of article, we describe steps of data extraction which was a large scale task because the datasource contained tens of tables and hundreds of fields, that were originally gathered to be used by project management web-based system. Therefore extraction of meaningful data required analysis of databases structure and transformation of sets of records into a four datasets. These datasets were used to predict four factors important to project management i.e skills, time, costs an effectiveness. Later, we present the results of experiments, that were performed using C4.5, RandomTree and CART algorithms. In the final part of this article, we describe how boosting and bagging metaclassifiers were applied to improve the results and we also analyse influence of their parameters on generalization abilities an prediction accuracy.
OSTEOSARCOMA Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies on Alkaline Phosphatase‐positive Tumor Cells Constituting a Variety of Histologic Types

The osteosarcomas were subclassified into osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic and telangiectatic types and examined by electron microscopy. Their immunohistochemical reactions were also studied. In an overall survey of the above types, fibroblast‐like cells revealed poorly developed cytoplasmic organelles with rather short, branching rough endoplasmic reticulum, mixed with osteoblast‐like cells that were hardly distinguishable from the former. They appeared to be an early stage of an osteoblastic cell lineage from the distribution and development of their cell organelles and highly positive vimentin activity. The tumor cells in malignant cartilage varied in appearance from chondroblast‐like to osteoblast‐like cells. All types of tumor cells expressed alkaline phosphatase activity to a significant degree. Immunohistochemical staining showed a mixture of procollagen type I‐positive cells among the cells positive for both procollagen type II and S‐100 protein in the malignant cartilage. Irrespective of any ultrastructural differences between these various tumor cell types, they all revealed a significant degree of ALPase activity unlike other types of bone tumors, suggesting that the tumor cells which constitute the various types of osteosarcoma are derived from a common precursor cell.
Joint effects of illumination geometry and object shape in the perception of surface reflectance

Surface properties provide useful information for identifying objects and interacting with them. Effective utilization of this information, however, requires that the perception of object surface properties be relatively constant across changes in illumination and changes in object shape. Such constancy has been studied separately for changes in these factors. Here we ask whether the separate study of the illumination and shape effects is sufficient, by testing whether joint effects of illumination and shape changes can be predicted from the individual effects in a straightforward manner. We found large interactions between illumination and object shape in their effects on perceived glossiness. In addition, analysis of luminance histogram statistics could not account for the interactions.
Inferential Realization Constraints on Functional Anaphora in the Centering Model

We present an inference-based text understanding methodol ogy for the resolution of functional anaphora in the context of the centering model. A set of heuristic realization constraints is proposed, which incorporate language-indepen dent conceptual criteria (based on the well-formedness and conceptual strength of role chains in a terminological knowledge base) and language-dependent information structure c onstraints (based on topic/comment or theme/rheme orderings ). We state text-grammatical predicates for functional anaph ora and then turn to the procedural aspects of their evaluation within the framework of an actor-based implementation of a lexically distributed text parser.
Impaired proliferation and tumorigenicity induced by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein.

A plasmid containing the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP alpha) gene transcriptionally controlled by the metallothionein promoter was constructed. The gene was transfected into the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B and HepG2. When cultured in vitro in the presence of 100 microM ZnSO(4), C/EBP alpha expression caused reversible growth arrest. In soft agar clonogenic assays, C/EBP alpha expression decreased both the colony size and the total number of colonies compared with zinc-free controls. C/EBP alpha expressing cells s.c. implanted in CD-1 nu/nu mice were essentially nontumorigenic, whereas C/EBP alpha tumor cells implanted into immunodeficient SCID mice demonstrated a significantly delayed time of tumor appearance compared with cells transfected with a vector control plasmid. These studies suggest that the expression of endogenous genes normally associated with a quiescent, differentiated state, such as C/EBP alpha, can result in impaired proliferative activity and suppressed tumorigenicity of hepatoma cell lines.
Blood vessels of the Peyer's patch in the mouse: II. In vivo observations

A technique was developed that allowed the in vivo observation of Peyer's patches in the mouse for several hours. Untreated animals and animals depleted of lymphocytes were used. In this species, blood vessels associated with the lymphoid nodules are readily visible through the thin serosal muscle coat. High‐endothelium venules are recognized by the large number of refractile cells that adhere to the luminal surface. A colloidal carbon suspension injected intravenously labeled high‐endothelium venules and was only rarely seen in arterial and capillary segments or in venules of the gut parenchyma. When fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled (FITC‐labeled) syngeneic spleen cells were injected, they appeared in vessels of the Peyer's patch within a few seconds and began to adhere to the luminal surface of high‐endothelium venules. In untreated animals, peak numbers of fluorescent cells were reached after about 20 min. Many adhered but some were swept away. In lymphocyte‐depleted animals, however, peak numbers were reached after only a few minutes and most cells remained attached.
Depth of Conceptual Knowledge Modulates Visual Processes during Word Reading

Recent evidence suggests that conceptual knowledge modulates early visual stages of object recognition. The present study investigated whether similar modulations can be observed also for the recognition of object names, that is, for symbolic representations with only arbitrary relationships between their visual features and the corresponding conceptual knowledge. In a learning paradigm, we manipulated the amount of information provided about initially unfamiliar visual objects while controlling for perceptual stimulus properties and exposure. In a subsequent test session with electroencephalographic recordings, participants performed several tasks on either the objects or their written names. For objects as well as names, knowledge effects were observed as early as about 120 msec in the P1 component of the ERP, reflecting perceptual processing in extrastriate visual cortex. These knowledge-dependent modulations of early stages of visual word recognition suggest that information about word meanings may modulate the perception of arbitrarily related visual features surprisingly early.
Development of an ankle-foot orthosis with a pneumatic passive element

This paper presents a new ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) for hemiplegic patients. The proposed AFO has a pneumatic passive element with a rotation axis at the ankle joint. The ankle-joint constraint force can be adjusted according to the subject's gait phase. We confirmed that adjusting of the pneumatic pressure in the proposed pneumatic passive element enables the device to duplicate the performance of many conventional AFOs
MAS based event-triggered hybrid control for smart microgrids

This paper is focused on an advanced control for autonomous microgrids. In order to improve the performance regarding security and stability, a hierarchical decentralized coordinated control scheme is proposed based on multi-agents structure. Moreover, corresponding to the multi-mode and the hybrid characteristics of microgrids, an event-triggered hybrid control, including three kinds of switching controls, is designed to intelligently reconstruct operation mode when the security stability assessment indexes or the constraint conditions are violated. The validity of proposed control scheme is demonstrated by means of simulation results.
The human cerebral cortex is neither one nor many: neuronal distribution reveals two quantitatively different zones in the gray matter, three in the white matter, and explains local variations in cortical folding

The human prefrontal cortex has been considered different in several aspects and relatively enlarged compared to the rest of the cortical areas. Here we determine whether the white and gray matter of the prefrontal portion of the human cerebral cortex have similar or different cellular compositions relative to the rest of the cortical regions by applying the Isotropic Fractionator to analyze the distribution of neurons along the entire anteroposterior axis of the cortex, and its relationship with the degree of gyrification, number of neurons under the cortical surface, and other parameters. The prefrontal region shares with the remainder of the cerebral cortex (except for occipital cortex) the same relationship between cortical volume and number of neurons. In contrast, both occipital and prefrontal areas vary from other cortical areas in their connectivity through the white matter, with a systematic reduction of cortical connectivity through the white matter and an increase of the mean axon caliber along the anteroposterior axis. These two parameters explain local differences in the distribution of neurons underneath the cortical surface. We also show that local variations in cortical folding are neither a function of local numbers of neurons nor of cortical thickness, but correlate with properties of the white matter, and are best explained by the folding of the white matter surface. Our results suggest that the human cerebral cortex is divided in two zones (occipital and non-occipital) that differ in how neurons are distributed across their gray matter volume and in three zones (prefrontal, occipital, and non-occipital) that differ in how neurons are connected through the white matter. Thus, the human prefrontal cortex has the largest fraction of neuronal connectivity through the white matter and the smallest average axonal caliber in the white matter within the cortex, although its neuronal composition fits the pattern found for other, non-occipital areas.
Use of rich BHI medium instead of synthetic TMH medium for gene regulation study in Yersinia pestis.

OBJECTIVE This study is to verify the use of rich BHI medium to substitute synthetic media for gene regulation studies in Yersinia pestis. METHODS The transcriptional regulation of rovA by PhoP or via temperature upshift, and that of pla by CRP were investigated when Y. pestis was cultured in BHI. After cultivation under 26 °C, and with temperature shifting from 26 to 37 °C, the wild-type (WT) strain or its phoP or crp null mutant (ΔphoP or Δcrp, respectively) was subject to RNA isolation, and then the promoter activity of rovA or pla in the above strains was detected by the primer extension assay. The rovA promoter-proximal region was cloned into the pRW50 containing a promoterless lacZ gene. The recombinant LacZ reporter plasmid was transformed into WT and ΔphoP to measure the promoter activity of rovA in these two strains with the β-Galactosidase enzyme assay system. RESULTS When Y. pestis was cultured in BHI, the transcription of rovA was inhibited by PhoP and upon temperature upshift while that of pla was stimulated by CRP. CONCLUSION The rich BHI medium without the need for modification to be introduced into the relevant stimulating conditions (which are essential to triggering relevant gene regulatory cascades), can be used in lieu of synthetic TMH media to cultivate Y. pestis for gene regulation studies.
Body size evolution in Mesozoic birds

The tendency for the mean body size of taxa within a clade to increase through evolution (Cope’s Rule) has been demonstrated in a number of terrestrial vertebrate groups. However, because avian body size is strongly constrained by flight, any increase in size during the evolution of this lineage should be limited – there is a maximum size that can be attained by a bird for it to be able to get off the ground. Contrary to previous interpretations of early avian evolution, we demonstrate an overall increase in body size across Jurassic and Cretaceous flying birds: taxon body size increases from the earliest Jurassic through to the end of the Cretaceous, across a time span of 70 Myr. Although evidence is limited that this change is directional, it is certainly nonrandom. Relative size increase occurred presumably as the result of an increase in variance as the avian clade diversified after the origin of flight: a progression towards larger body size is seen clearly within the clades Pygostylia and Ornithothoraces. In contrast, a decrease in body size characterizes the most crownward lineage Ornithuromorpha, the clade that includes all extant taxa, and potentially may explain the survival of these birds across the Cretaceous‐Palaeogene boundary. As in all other dinosaurs, counter selection for small size is seen in some clades, whereas body size is increasing overall.
Expression of Selected Ginkgo biloba Heat Shock Protein Genes After Cold Treatment Could Be Induced by Other Abiotic Stress

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play various stress-protective roles in plants. In this study, three HSP genes were isolated from a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library of Ginkgo biloba leaves treated with cold stress. Based on the molecular weight, the three genes were designated GbHSP16.8, GbHSP17 and GbHSP70. The full length of the three genes were predicted to encode three polypeptide chains containing 149 amino acids (Aa), 152 Aa, and 657 Aa, and their corresponding molecular weights were predicted as follows: 16.67 kDa, 17.39 kDa, and 71.81 kDa respectively. The three genes exhibited distinctive expression patterns in different organs or development stages. GbHSP16.8 and GbHSP70 showed high expression levels in leaves and a low level in gynoecia, GbHSP17 showed a higher transcription in stamens and lower level in fruit. This result indicates that GbHSP16.8 and GbHSP70 may play important roles in Ginkgo leaf development and photosynthesis, and GbHSP17 may play a positive role in pollen maturation. All three GbHSPs were up-regulated under cold stress, whereas extreme heat stress only caused up-regulation of GbHSP70, UV-B treatment resulted in up-regulation of GbHSP16.8 and GbHSP17, wounding treatment resulted in up-regulation of GbHSP16.8 and GbHSP70, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment caused up-regulation of GbHSP70 primarily.
Unified algorithm for undirected discovery of exception rules

This article presents an algorithm that seeks every possible exception rule that violates a commonsense rule and satisfies several assumptions of simplicity. Exception rules, which represent systematic deviation from commonsense rules, are often found interesting. Discovery of pairs that consist of a commonsense rule and an exception rule, resulting from undirected search for unexpected exception rules, was successful in various domains. In the past, however, an exception rule represented a change of conclusion caused by adding an extra condition to the premise of a commonsense rule. That approach formalized only one type of exception and failed to represent other types. To provide a systematic treatment of exceptions, we categorize exception rules into 11 categories, and we propose a unified algorithm for discovering all of them. Preliminary results on 15 real‐world datasets provide an empirical proof of effectiveness of our algorithm in discovering interesting knowledge. The empirical results also match our theoretical analysis of exceptions, showing that the 11 types can be partitioned in three classes according to the frequency with which they occur in data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 673–691, 2005.