Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Investigation of Biological Activity of New Spiro Pyrrolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives

Abstract In this study a new and procedure was reported for the synthesis of Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs as a new heterogeneous organometallic catalyst. XRD, FESEM, EDX and TEM analysis were used for confirming the structure of synthesized nanocatalyst. The Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs as a high performance catalyst was employed for the preparation of a new family of functionalized spiro pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine via the one-pot condensation reactions of ethyl 2,4-dioxo-4-arylbutanoate, ammonium acetate, isatin, primary amines and tert-butyl isocyanide in water at room temperature. Also, antioxidant property of some prepared compounds was investigated using diphenyl-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping experiment. Presently, bacteria that is not destroied with drug have generated many problems in the performance of many transferable disease. For this reason, discovering appropriate and new procedures for the dealing with these pathogens are important and recent study have focused on the investigation of the antibacterial effects on the prepared compounds. Graphical Abstract Highlights The pyrimidine ring is an azaaromatic scaffold that can be found in many molecules of biological or pharmaceutical interest. multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are more interesting type of reaction due to mixing three or more reactants in one-pot and generating one product and economically useful and environmentally secure than to multi-step methods. Carrying out synthesis of organic compounds in water media is very interesting because of water is cheap solvent, more available with high amounts.
Experiments on the frequency of finite‐amplitude axisymmetric gravity waves in a circular cylinder

Experiments are reported which confirm Mack's prediction that the fundamental symmetric standing wave on a layer of liquid in a circular cylinder will increase in frequency as the amplitude increases for a shallow layer but decrease in frequency for deep layers. The depth-diameter ratio at which the frequency effect reversal occurs is found to be about 0.054. The predicted ratio is 0.111.
Simultaneous stretching and corona poling of PVDF films

Simultaneous stretching and corona poling (SSCP) of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films at elevated temperatures in batch mode greatly enhanced the piezo- and pyroelectric constants. When poled under optimum conditions, a piezoelectric constant d31 approximately 60 pC N-1 and a pyroelectric constant p approximately 6 nC cm-2 K-1 at 30 degrees C were obtained. Both these values are about twice the best values found by the authors, and other workers, for films that were first stretched and then corona poled. The time stability of d31 at all temperatures was also greatly improved by SSCP. They postulate that there is a greater contribution of whole beta crystallite rotation in these SSCP films. X-rays show that they have enhanced beta phase over those that are first stretched and then poled.
Theory of entanglement and measurement in high-order harmonic generation

Quantum information science and intense laser matter interaction are two apparently unrelated fields. Here, we introduce the notion of quantum information theory to intense laser driven processes by providing the quantum mechanical description of measurement protocols for high harmonic generation in atoms. This allows to conceive new protocols for quantum state engineering of light. We explicitly evaluate conditioning experiments on individual optical field modes, and provide the corresponding quantum operation for coherent states. The associated positive operator-valued measures are obtained, and give rise to the quantum theory of measurement for the generation of high dimensional entangled states, and coherent state superposition with controllable non-classical features on the attosecond timescale. This establish the use of intense laser driven processes as a novel quantum technology platform for quantum information processing.
Fire Risk Assessments of Informal Settlements Based on Fire Risk Index and Bayesian Network

The specific risk assessment of informal settlements (IS) is important for the management of IS and protection of environmental safety and public health. In this paper, we introduced the different types of IS in China, and conducted the fire risk assessment on 26 burning buildings in these IS, providing a semi-quantitative and scenario fire risk perception of IS in China for the readers. Two methods, the risk index and the Bayesian network, are proposed and adopted for the fire risk assessment in IS. First, a risk index system with a total of 69 factors is used to assess the degree of fire risk of buildings in IS semi-quantitatively, and the result shows that fire equipment and fire safety management on IS are seriously lacking. Then, a Bayesian network of building fire risk with a total of 66 nodes was established to assess the fire risk from ignition to spread as well as the safety evacuation. Overall, the possibility of ignition is high, but due to the role of fire equipment and fire protection design, the possibilities of fire from ignition to spread is gradually reduced. Finally, we also put forward some feasible suggestions for occupants in IS, community organizations and emergency managers to reduce the fire risk from the aspects of fire equipment and fire safety management.
Structural and dynamical properties of YH3

On the basis of parameter-free electronic structure calculations for YH3, it was predicted that the total energy of the high symmetry HoD3 structure deduced from neutron powder diffraction (NPD) experiments on YD3 could be lowered by small displacements of the hydrogen atoms. Subsequent, more detailed NPD experiments failed to observe any such symmetry-breaking displacements, but neither could they be ruled out. Moreover, a new broken symmetry structure which is slightly different to that predicted by total energy calculations was proposed. Analysis of the phonon modes measured very recently using Raman spectroscopy yields the first clearcut experimental evidence for symmetry breaking. Here we present the results of parameter-free lattice dynamics calculations for each of three structures currently being considered for YH3. The results are obtained within the harmonic model starting from a force field which is calculated from first principles in a supercell geometry. Comparison of the calculated phonon densities of states with the experimental spectrum determined by inelastic neutron scattering gives clear evidence for a broken symmetry structure. The Debije-Waller factors for some of the hydrogen atoms are exceptionally large and we speculate on the importance of the large zero-point motions of these atoms for the structure of YH3.
Comparative Analysis of Non-Coding RNA Transcriptomics in Heart Failure

Heart failure constitutes a clinical complex syndrome with different symptomatic characteristics depending on age, sex, race and ethnicity, among others, which has become a major public health issue with an increasing prevalence. One of the most interesting tools seeking to improve prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this pathology has focused on finding new molecular biomarkers since heart failure relies on deficient cardiac homeostasis, which is regulated by a strict gene expression. Therefore, currently, analyses of non-coding RNA transcriptomics have been oriented towards human samples. The present review develops a comparative study emphasizing the relevance of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs as potential biomarkers in heart failure. Significantly, further studies in this field of research are fundamental to supporting their widespread clinical use. In this sense, the various methodologies used by the authors should be standardized, including larger cohorts, homogeneity of the samples and uniformity of the bioinformatic pipelines used to reach stratification and statistical significance of the results. These basic adjustments could provide promising steps to designing novel strategies for clinical management of patients with heart failure.
Threat Assessment in Police VR Training: Multi-Sensory Cues for Situation Awareness

In this work we present results from two studies on threat perception in a multi-sensory virtual reality (VR) environment for police training, As the real world is experienced with all five senses, VR simulations often miss important environmental cues for threat assessment. The integration of congruent multi-sensory stimuli to VR training of police officers promises to overcome these shortcomings. By using a multi-modal measurement approach including Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrocardiography (ECG), Electrodermal activity (EDA) as well as questionnaires, we illustrate how the enhancement of VR with multi-sensory stimuli effects the threat assessment in VR, and can therefore lead to more realistic decision making and acting.
NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey. I. Survey Design, Redshifts, and Velocity Dispersion Data

We introduce the NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey (NFPS), a wide-field imaging/spectroscopic study of rich, low-redshift galaxy clusters. The survey targets X-ray–selected clusters at 0.010 < z < 0.067, distributed over the whole sky, with imaging and spectroscopic observations obtained for 93 clusters. This data set will be used in investigations of galaxy properties in the cluster environment and of large-scale velocity fields through the fundamental plane. In this paper, we present details of the cluster sample construction and the strategies employed to select early-type galaxy samples for spectroscopy. Details of the spectroscopic observations are reported. From observations of 5479 red galaxies, we present redshift measurements for 5388 objects and internal velocity dispersions for 4131. The velocity dispersions have a median estimated error ∼7%. The NFPS has ∼15% overlap with previously published velocity dispersion data sets. Comparisons to these external catalogs are presented and indicate typical external errors of ∼8%.
A new unit root test with two structural breaks in level and slope at unknown time

In this paper, we propose a new augmented Dickey–Fuller-type test for unit roots which accounts for two structural breaks. We consider two different specifications: (a) two breaks in the level of a trending data series and (b) two breaks in the level and slope of a trending data series. The breaks whose time of occurrence is assumed to be unknown are modeled as innovational outliers and thus take effect gradually. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that our proposed test has correct size, stable power, and identifies the structural breaks accurately.
Development, Application, and Performance of Artificial Intelligence in Cephalometric Landmark Identification and Diagnosis: A Systematic Review

This study aimed to analyze the existing literature on how artificial intelligence is being used to support the identification of cephalometric landmarks. The systematic analysis of literature was carried out by performing an extensive search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Articles published in the last ten years were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 17 full-text articles were systematically appraised. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (CHSRI) and Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) were adopted for quality analysis of the included studies. The artificial intelligence systems were mainly based on deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the included studies. The majority of the studies proposed that AI-based automatic cephalometric analyses provide clinically acceptable diagnostic performance. They have worked remarkably well, with accuracy and precision similar to the trained orthodontist. Moreover, they can simplify cephalometric analysis and provide a quick outcome in practice. Therefore, they are of great benefit to orthodontists, as with these systems they can perform tasks more efficiently.
Communication and building social capital in community supported agriculture

Community supported agriculture (CSA) schemes (programs) provide an alternative means for obtaining produce, through direct purchase from farms. They are also often driven by a vision of transforming the current mainstream food system and seek to build a community of people who support this vision. Social capital refers to the networks and ties between people and groups and the impact of these ties on access to influence, information, opportunity, and ability to organize. Social capital is built by CSAs and helps foster and stabilize the grassroots agricultural innovations that are needed for the development of sustainable food systems. Using the concept of social capital, we studied communication methods of four CSAs in the UK, examining the interactions between CSAs and their members and within each of their membership groups. We carried out in-depth interviews with 49 CSA members to establish what interactions they had with their CSA and with other members, and analyzed our data thematically to identify the characteristics of interactions that were important to participants. We consider how our research may benefit CSA organizations by enabling them to learn what their members want and to learn about the varied ways in which members conceptualize their experiences of community derived from their membership. We found that the various CSA communication strategies, which consist of frequent and varying virtual and face-to-face interactions, are able to promote development of both bridging and bonding social capital. Overall, there is a desire for social connection in CSA memberships. Furthermore, in CSAs where members can interact easily, there is potential for CSA membership to provide members with communication that is important as a source of both knowledge and social connection. CSAs can maximize both social capital and member satisfaction by using a range of communication media and methods to meet their members’ circumstances and preferences.
Use of MODIS and Landsat time series data to generate high-resolution temporal synthetic Landsat data using a spatial and temporal reflectance fusion model

Due to cloud coverage and obstruction, it is difficult to obtain useful images during the critical periods of monitoring vegetation using medium-resolution spatial satellites such as Landsat and Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT), especially in pluvial regions. Although high temporal resolution sensors, such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), can provide high-frequency data, the coarse ground resolutions of these sensors make them unsuitable to quantify the vegetation growth processes at fine scales. This paper introduces a new data fusion model for blending observations of high temporal resolution sensors (e.g., MODIS) and moderate spatial resolution satellites (e.g., Landsat) to produce synthetic imagery with both high-spatial and temporal resolutions. By detecting temporal change information from MODIS daily surface reflectance images, our algorithm produced high-resolution temporal synthetic Landsat data based on a Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus ( ETM + ) image at the beginning time ( T 1 ). The algorithm was then tested over a 185 × 185 km 2 area located in East China. The results showed that the algorithm can produce high-resolution temporal synthetic Landsat data that were similar to the actual observations with a high correlation coefficient ( r ) of 0.98 between synthetic imageries and the actual observations.
Analysis of a phase-correcting Fresnel-zone plate antenna with dielectric/transparent zones

The dielectric zones of phase-correcting Fresnel-zone plate antennas are usually considered to be ideal phase-shifters. In this paper, we model the interaction between an incident electromagnetic wave and the dielectric material of such an antenna more accurately and present a new calculation method to obtain its far-field radiation pattern. A comparison between the patterns calculated following the new and the old approach demonstrates the necessity of using the new one.
TOWARDS A SHALLOW HEAT FLOW PROBE FOR MAPPING THERMAL ANOMALIES

Conductive heat flow is arguably the only measurable surface expression of the thermal state of the crust at any given location. However, the geothermal component of heat flow (average ~0.06 W/m) is effectively masked by solar irradiation (average daily peak ~300 W/m) at shallow levels. Heat flow measurements must therefore be made in boreholes at least 100 m deep, below the level of influence of the seasonal surface temperature cycle. Such boreholes are drilled at considerable cost, or pre-existing boreholes are accessed opportunistically. Hot Dry Rocks (HDR) is developing and trialing a tool to detect variations in geothermal heat flow from measurements made within the top 1.5 m of the earth. The strategy is to record timeseries data and use frequency-domain filtering to reveal regional variations in the geothermal (DC) signal underlying the timevarying solar signal. The goal is to detect variations on the order of 0.01 W/m. This represents several orders of magnitude greater sensitivity than existing shallow temperature probes. The technical challenges revolve around achieving the necessary precision, accuracy, durability, reliability, thermal bulk (or lack of! ), cost, usability and power efficiency for the probe; as well as designing appropriate field procedures, data processing algorithms and interpretation strategies. To date, HDR has designed, manufactured and calibrated a set of 12 prototype tools, and deployed six of these in a remote part of South Australia for extended field trials. Initial results have been encouraging. HDR hopes that the shallow heat flow probe will eventually become a useful geophysical tool for mapping the extent and magnitude of a thermal anomaly prior to expensive drilling. HDR has applied for patent protection for the probe.
Tangent Projection Equations and General Variational Inequalities

In this paper we establish the equivalence between the general variational inequalities and tangent projection equations. This equivalence is used to discuss the local convergence analysis of a wide class of iterative methods for solving the general variational inequalities. We show that some existing methods can identify the optimal face after finitely many iterations under the degenerate assumption.
Modelling of wind-induced currents in water basins

This paper presents a numerical modelling study into wind-induced currents in shallow water basins. A three-dimensional, semi-implicit, finite difference numerical model is described, incorporating non-hydrostatic pressure, based on a sigma-transformed system in the vertical direction. The numerical model was first validated for sloshing in a rectangular tank; excellent agreement was obtained against analytical solutions, provided the non-hydrostatic pressure is incorporated. The model was further verified against experimental data on wind-induced circulation in shallow rectangular tanks. It was then used to simulate wind-induced, three-dimensional flow fields in idealised rectangular tanks. A parameter study was carried out for wind-induced flows in Esthwaite Water, and the predictions compared against field data. It is shown that the numerical model is capable of accurately simulating the wind-induced circulation in shallow enclosed water bodies and that the topography and wind stress are of primary imp.
Performance Analysis for Mirrors of 30 cm Cryogenic Space Infrared Telescope

We have designed a 30 cm cryogenic space infrared telescope for astronomical observation. The telescope is designed to observe in the wavelength range of 0.5~2.1 , when it is cooled down to 77 K. The result of the preliminary design of the support structure and support method of the mirror of a 30 cm cryogenic space infrared telescope is shown in this paper. As a Cassegrain prescription, the optical system of a 30 cm cryogenic space infrared telescope has a focal ratio of f/3.1 with a 300 mm primary mirror (M-1) and 113 mm secondary mirror (M-2). The material of the whole structure including mirrors is aluminum alloy (Al6061-T6). Flexures that can withstand random vibration were designed, and it was validated through opto-mechanical analysis that both primary and secondary mirrors, which are assembled in the support structure, meet the requirement of root mean square wavefront error for all gravity direction. Additionally, when the M-1 and flexures are assembled by bolts, the effect of thermal stress occurring from a stainless steel bolt when cooled and bolt torque on the M-1 was analyzed.
A Novel Respiratory Control and Actuation System for Upper-Limb Prosthesis Users: Clinical Evaluation Study

The most widely-used active upper-limb (UL) prostheses worldwide are body-powered (BP), which is a two-century-old technology. Despite their affordability and functional benefits to users, these devices are prone to poor outcomes for many patients. Additionally, BP devices have witnessed limited improvements compared to their externally-powered counterparts. Literature indicates a strong need for appropriate prosthetic solutions for children and adolescents. Our previous work introduced a first-of-its-kind breathing-powered UL prosthesis (“Airbender”) that can overcome several limitations of the current BP systems (e.g., restricted operation space, user discomfort caused by the harness to which the cables are attached). Users can regulate their breathing, and this controllable airflow is subsequently used to power a small (purpose-built and optimised) Tesla turbine that can accurately control the opening and closing of the prosthetic hand. The current work explores device usability in children and adolescents with a UL difference (n = 15). Further, we gathered feedback, suggestions, and satisfaction levels from the study participants and their parents on breathing as a modality of controlling a prosthetic device. The collected responses and study observations were subjected to qualitative and statistical analysis. This study showcases real-world testing of a breathing-powered prosthesis and proves that UL-deficient children and adolescents can indeed operate the device (i.e., volitionally open or close) with their breathing input. The perceived level of difficulty in opening or closing the device tended to be on the ‘easy’ side. We report generally favourable feedback obtained from participants and their parents. Additionally, design suggestions and satisfaction levels concerning different device attributes help us involve the key stakeholders in co-creating and proactively developing a robust product development roadmap. This work is aligned with creating a step-change in the potential BP prosthesis options for patients in the future, propelled by a need-led approach.