Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basic organization of projections from the oval and fusiform nuclei of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis in adult rat brain

The organization of axonal projections from the oval and fusiform nuclei of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) was characterized with the Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHAL) anterograde tracing method in adult male rats. Within the BST, the oval nucleus (BSTov) projects very densely to the fusiform nucleus (BSTfu) and also innervates the caudal anterolateral area, anterodorsal area, rhomboid nucleus, and subcommissural zone. Outside the BST, its heaviest inputs are to the caudal substantia innominata and adjacent central amygdalar nucleus, retrorubral area, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. It generates moderate inputs to the caudal nucleus accumbens, parasubthalamic nucleus, and medial and ventrolateral divisions of the periaqueductal gray, and it sends a light input to the anterior parvicellular part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract. The BSTfu displays a much more complex projection pattern. Within the BST, it densely innervates the anterodorsal area, dorsomedial nucleus, and caudal anterolateral area, and it moderately innervates the BSTov, subcommissural zone, and rhomboid nucleus. Outside the BST, the BSTfu provides dense inputs to the nucleus accumbens, caudal substantia innominata and central amygdalar nucleus, thalamic paraventricular nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular and periventricular nuclei, hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus, perifornical lateral hypothalamic area, and lateral tegmental nucleus. Moderately dense inputs are found in the parastrial, tuberal, dorsal raphé, and parabrachial nuclei and in the retrorubral area, ventrolateral division of the periaqueductal gray, and pontine central gray. Light projections end in the olfactory tubercle, lateral septal nucleus, posterior basolateral amygdalar nucleus, supramammillary nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. These and other results suggest that the BSTov and BSTfu are basal telencephalic parts of a circuit that coordinates autonomic, neuroendocrine, and ingestive behavioral responses during stress. J. Comp. Neurol. 436:430–455, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On vertex-magic and edge-magic total injections of graphs

The study of graph labellings has focused on finding classes of graphs which admit a particular type of labelling. Here we consider variations of the well-known edge-magic and vertex-magic total labellings for which all graphs admit such a labelling. In particular, we consider two types of injections of the vertices and edges of a graph with positive integers: (1) for every edge the sum of its label and those of its end-vertices is some magic constant (edge-magic); and (2) for every vertex the sum of its label and those of the edges incident to it is some magic constant (vertex-magic). Our aim is to minimise the maximum label or the magic constant associated with the injection. We present upper bounds on these parameters for complete graphs, forests and arbitrary graphs, which in a number of cases are within a constant factor of being optimal. Our results are based on greedy algorithms for computing an antimagic injection, which is then extended to a magic total injection. Of independent interest is our result that every forest has an edge-antimagic vertex labelling.
Trans‐synaptic Modulation of Striatal ACh Release In Vivo by the Parafascicular Thalamic Nucleus

Electrical stimulation of the parafascicular but not the ventrolateral or dorsomedial thalamic nucleus (ten 0.5 ms, 10 V pulses, 140 pA) of freely moving rats induced a frequency‐dependent (2.5, 5,10 and 20 Hz) increase in the extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) content of the dorsal striatum, assessed by trans‐striatal microdialysis. The time‐dependent effect of 10 Hz stimulation was studied. The peak increase, 39% above baseline, was attained during 4 min of stimulation. This was blocked by coperfusion with 5 pM tetrodotoxin, indicating that the release we measured represents a physiological process. The facilitatory effect of parafascicular nucleus stimulation does not appear to be associated with indirect action through the cerebral frontal cortex because acute lesion of the excitatory corticostriatal afferents, which by itself reduced basal ACh release by 40%, did not modify the effect of 10 Hz stimulation. The possible involvement of the fasciculus retroflexus in the facilitation of ACh release was also ruled out. The non‐competitive NMDA‐type receptor antagonist MK‐801, applied by reversed dialysis (30 pM) or systemically injected (0.2 mg/kg), significantly reduced the basal ACh output and prevented the tetanus‐evoked increase in ACh release. The results provide in vivo evidence that the activity of the cholinergic neurons in the dorsal striatum is trans‐synaptically modulated by parafascicular nucleus excitatory afferents through activation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors that is probably located in the striatum.
A distance-based shape descriptor invariant to similitude and its application to shape classification

Pattern recognition usually requires the description or representation of shapes with some features, called shape descriptors. A shape descriptor generally needs to be invariant to some geometrical transformations (translation, rotation, scaling…). In addition, it has to be robust against slight deformations or noise damaging the shape. In this paper, a novel shape descriptor based on distances and invariant to similitude transformations is proposed. A dissimilarity measure associated to the proposed descriptor is then introduced to quantify the discrepancies between shapes. Performance tests were performed on the Kimia and MPEG7 image databases to evaluate the quality of the proposed descriptor. More specifically, the proposed method was evaluated for shape classification and showed better performance compared with some other methods from the literature.
Use of Bayes' Formula to Make a Genetic Risk Estimate

Izabella and her partner sought pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) because Izabella had retinoblastoma due to a deletion in chromosome 13 and they want to have children not at genetic risk of retinoblastoma. Fortunately, Izabella's tumor was unilateral and was treated successfully and she is well. Izabella's chromosome abnormality is mosaic with 70% of lymphocytes having the deletion. This mosaicism may not be present in Izabella's ovaries. The couple went through PGD on two occasions and 13 embryos were tested. None had the deleted chromosome 13. IVF and PGD failed to produce a pregnancy. The couple wished to know what the experience provides as to the risk to their offspring: in particular, does it indicate a risk low enough to be acceptable if they go ahead with a natural pregnancy instead of another resort to PGD? Also, the couple did not want prenatal diagnosis. The situation therefore requires an estimate of the probability that an embryo will have the deletion. Counseling is problematic because there is no obvious way of selecting a prior probability from which to compute a Bayesian estimate of risk. Two solutions are offered, depending on the amount of information available about genes transmitted from the maternal grandparents.
Bayesian inference on mixed-effects varying-coefficient joint models with skew-t distribution for longitudinal data with multiple features

In AIDS clinical study, two biomarkers, HIV viral load and CD4 cell counts, play important roles. It is well known that there is inverse relationship between the two. Nevertheless, the relationship is not constant but time varying. The mixed-effects varying-coefficient model is capable of capturing the time varying nature of such relationship from both population and individual perspective. In practice, the nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay is used to measure plasma HIV-1 RNA with a limit of detection (LOD) and the CD4 cell counts are usually measured with much noise and missing data often occur during the treatment. Furthermore, most of the statistical models assume symmetric distribution, such as normal, for the response variables. Often time, normality assumption does not hold in practice. Therefore, it is important to explore all these factors when modeling the real data. In this article, we establish a joint model that accounts for asymmetric and LOD data for the response variable, and covariate measurement error and missingness simultaneously in the mixed-effects varying-coefficient modeling framework. A Bayesian inference procedure is developed to estimate the parameters in the joint model. The proposed model and method are applied to a real AIDS clinical study and various comparisons of a few models are performed.
Data Envelopment Analysis as Nonparametric Least-Squares Regression

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is known as a nonparametric mathematical programming approach to productive efficiency analysis. In this paper, we show that DEA can be alternatively interpreted as nonparametric least-squares regression subject to shape constraints on the frontier and sign constraints on residuals. This reinterpretation reveals the classic parametric programming model by Aigner and Chu [Aigner, D. , S. Chu. 1968. On estimating the industry production function. Amer. Econom. Rev.58 826--839] as a constrained special case of DEA. Applying these insights, we develop a nonparametric variant of the corrected ordinary least-squares (COLS) method. We show that this new method, referred to as corrected concave nonparametric least squares (C2NLS), is consistent and asymptotically unbiased. The linkages established in this paper contribute to further integration of the econometric and axiomatic approaches to efficiency analysis.
Fgf and Hh signalling act on a symmetrical pre-pattern to specify anterior and posterior identity in the zebrafish otic placode and vesicle

Specification of the otic anteroposterior axis is one of the earliest patterning events during inner ear development. In zebrafish, Hedgehog signalling is necessary and sufficient to specify posterior otic identity between the 10 somite (otic placode) and 20 somite (early otic vesicle) stages. We now show that Fgf signalling is both necessary and sufficient for anterior otic specification during a similar period, a function that is completely separable from its earlier role in otic placode induction. In lia–/– (fgf3–/–) mutants, anterior otic character is reduced, but not lost altogether. Blocking all Fgf signalling at 10-20 somites, however, using the pan-Fgf inhibitor SU5402, results in the loss of anterior otic structures and a mirror image duplication of posterior regions. Conversely, overexpression of fgf3 during a similar period, using a heat-shock inducible transgenic line, results in the loss of posterior otic structures and a duplication of anterior domains. These phenotypes are opposite to those observed when Hedgehog signalling is altered. Loss of both Fgf and Hedgehog function between 10 and 20 somites results in symmetrical otic vesicles with neither anterior nor posterior identity, which, nevertheless, retain defined poles at the anterior and posterior ends of the ear. These data suggest that Fgf and Hedgehog act on a symmetrical otic pre-pattern to specify anterior and posterior otic identity, respectively. Each signalling pathway has instructive activity: neither acts simply to repress activity of the other, and, together, they appear to be key players in the specification of anteroposterior asymmetries in the zebrafish ear.
Quantification of Consumer Attitudes to Health and Hedonic Characteristics of Foods

Health and Taste Attitudes Questionnaires were developed to assess consumers' orientations toward the health and hedonic characteristics of foods. Items were generated in a qualitative study. The original 37 items on health and 44 on taste were rated from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree" by a representative sample of 1005 Finnish adults (18-81 years). The number of items was reduced using factor and item analysis, resulting in 20 health- and 18 taste-related statements. Three health-related and three taste-related factors were extracted. The health-related factors were labelled as "General health interest", "Light product interest", and "Natural product interest". The taste-related factors were named "Craving for sweet foods", "Using food as a reward", and "Pleasure". Cronbach's alphas of the multi-item scales, based on the statements loading highly on each factor, ranged from 0.67 to 0.89. Age and gender affected the responses. Females were more interested in the health and taste aspects of foods than were males. Younger respondents were less concerned with health but more interested in taste than were older respondents. A preliminary test of predictive validity was conducted by analysing subjects' responses to foods with weak and strong connotations of health and taste, and currently the questionnaires are being validated with further behavioural tests.
The relative age effect in youth soccer across Europe

The potential asymmetries in the birth-date distributions of youth soccer players across ten European countries (2175 age citations) were considered. First, we examined the birth-dates of players representing national youth teams in international competitions. Second, the birth-dates of players representing professional club teams in international youth tournaments were analysed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to assess differences between observed and expected birth-date distributions. Regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between month of birth and number of players in the different samples. The results showed an over-representation of players born in the first quarter of the selection year (from January to March) for all the national youth selections at the under-15 (U-15), U-16, U-17 and U-18 age categories, as well as for the UEFA U-16 tournaments and Meridian Cup. Players with a greater relative age are more likely to be identified as “talented” because of the likely physical advantages they have over their “younger” peers. Some options for reducing the relative age effect are offered.
Obstacle Avoidance Based-Visual Navigation for Micro Aerial Vehicles

This paper describes an obstacle avoidance system for low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) using vision as the principal source of information through the monocular onboard camera. For detecting obstacles, the proposed system compares the image obtained in real time from the UAV with a database of obstacles that must be avoided. In our proposal, we include the feature point detector Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) for fast obstacle detection and a control law to avoid them. Furthermore, our research includes a path recovery algorithm. Our method is attractive for compact MAVs in which other sensors will not be implemented. The system was tested in real time on a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV), to detect and avoid obstacles in an unknown controlled environment; we compared our approach with related works.
Impedance baseline and reflux perception in responder and non-responder non-erosive reflux disease patients

Abstract Background. It was recently shown that GERD patients have lower impedance baseline (IB) values than healthy controls and, that the esophageal acid exposure time (AET) correlates with IB levels. Goals. To explore the sensitivity of IB measurements in NERD patients, responders and non-responders to PPIs, when compared with pH-impedance (MII-pH) variables, and to evaluate whether this variable could represent a marker of GERD symptoms. Reproducibility and inter-observer agreement of IB measurement were also assessed. Study. MII-pH tracings from 44 NERD responders and 22 non-responders were analysed. Ten healthy volunteers underwent the same protocol. IB values were measured at the distal and proximal esophagus. IB was also analysed in a subgroup of patients and in controls with two methods and by two blinded operators. Results. Mean IB values at the distal esophagus were significantly lower in NERD patients than in controls. IB values did not differ between responders and non-responders. Of the 8 responders with negative AET and symptom association probability (SAP), 3 (37.5%) showed IB values lower than controls. IB values in responders with positive and negative SAP were similar (1832 (1596–2068) Ω vs 1667 (1361–1973) Ω, p: n.s. ). No differences were found between the IB values measured with the two methods and the inter-observer agreement was good. Conclusions. IB is a promising and easy to calculate MII-pH variable and appears to increase the sensitivity of MII-pH monitoring. IB values cannot predict PPI response and are not associated with reflux perception in NERD patients.
Algorithm for Computing Convex Skyline Objectsets on Numerical Databases

SUMMARY Given a set of objects, a skyline query ﬁnds the objects that are not dominated by others. We consider a skyline query for sets of objects in a database in this paper. Let s be the number of objects in each set and n be the number of objects in the database. The number of sets in the database amounts to n C s . We propose an e ﬃ cient algorithm to compute convex skyline of the n C s sets. We call the retrieve skyline objectsets as “convex skyline objectsets”. Experimental evaluation using real and synthetic datasets demonstrates that the proposed skyline objectset query is meaningful and is scalable enough to handle large and high dimensional databases. Recently, we have to aware individual’s privacy. Sometimes, we have to hide individual values and are only allowed to disclose aggregated values of objects. In such situation, we cannot use conventional skyline queries. The proposed function can be a promising alternative in decision making in a privacy aware environment.
Sub-Nyquist sampling of multiband signals: perfect reconstruction and bounds on aliasing error

We consider the problem of periodic nonuniform sampling of a multiband signal and its reconstruction from the samples. We derive the conditions for exact reconstruction and find an explicit reconstruction formula. Key features of this method are that the sampling rate can be made arbitrarily close to the minimum (Landau) rate and that it can handle classes of multiband signals that are not packable. We compute various bounds on the aliasing error due to mismodeling the spectral support and examine the performance in the presence of additive white sample noise. Finally we provide optimal designs for the reconstruction system.
RFID-based Electronic Identity Security Cloud Platform in Cyberspace

With the moving development of networks, especially Internet of Things, electronic identity administration in cyberspace is becoming more and more important. And personal identity management in cyberspace associated with individuals in reality has been one significant and urgent task for the further development of information construction in China. So this paper presents a RFID-based electronic identity security cloud platform in cyberspace to implement an efficient security management of cyber personal identity, and designs and realizes a strong and pervasive security cloud service platform, and discusses key technology including security authentication mechanism for the electronic identity card, super high frequency RFID with eID cards, multilevel privacy protection mechanism, security cloud service, security isolation and single-oriented transmission, and boundary security gateway protection, and it can well apply to personal identity management with virtual roles of citizens in cyberspace such as E-Government and E-Business, and the electronic identity security platform has been primary implemented and achieved good effects in actual applications.
Briefly Assessing Repetitive Thought Dimensions

Discrete forms of repetitive thought (RT), such as worry and reflection, can be characterized along basic dimensions of valence (positive vs. negative) and purpose (searching vs. solving). In addition, people can be characterized as high or low in their tendency to engage in RT. This dimensional model has been demanding to assess, and a smaller number of items that could stand in for a large battery would make measurement more accessible. Using four samples (N = 1,588), eight items that assess RT valence, purpose, and total in a circumplex model were identified. Across these and other samples, the dimensions were adequately reliable and valid with regard to assessment via large RT battery, other measures of RT, and depressive symptoms. The accessibility of dimensional assessment of RT using this smaller number of items should facilitate work on questions about the qualities of RT that predict mental and physical health.
Synchronization of Circadian Per2 Rhythms and HSF1-BMAL1:CLOCK Interaction in Mouse Fibroblasts after Short-Term Heat Shock Pulse

Circadian rhythms are the general physiological processes of adaptation to daily environmental changes, such as the temperature cycle. A change in temperature is a resetting cue for mammalian circadian oscillators, which are possibly regulated by the heat shock (HS) pathway. The HS response (HSR) is a universal process that provides protection against stressful conditions, which promote protein-denaturation. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is essential for HSR. In the study presented here, we investigated whether a short-term HS pulse can reset circadian rhythms. Circadian Per2 rhythm and HSF1-mediated gene expression were monitored by a real-time bioluminescence assay for mPer2 promoter-driven luciferase and HS element (HSE; HSF1-binding site)-driven luciferase activity, respectively. By an optimal duration HS pulse (43°C for approximately 30 minutes), circadian Per2 rhythm was observed in the whole mouse fibroblast culture, probably indicating the synchronization of the phases of each cell. This rhythm was preceded by an acute elevation in mPer2 and HSF1-mediated gene expression. Mutations in the two predicted HSE sites adjacent (one of them proximally) to the E-box in the mPer2 promoter dramatically abolished circadian mPer2 rhythm. Circadian Per2 gene/protein expression was not observed in HSF1-deficient cells. These findings demonstrate that HSF1 is essential to the synchronization of circadian rhythms by the HS pulse. Importantly, the interaction between HSF1 and BMAL1:CLOCK heterodimer, a central circadian transcription factor, was observed after the HS pulse. These findings reveal that even a short-term HS pulse can reset circadian rhythms and cause the HSF1-BMAL1:CLOCK interaction, suggesting the pivotal role of crosstalk between the mammalian circadian and HSR systems.
Scalable area-based hierarchical control plane for software defined information centric networking

Recently there has been a new emerging trend in integrating Information Centric Networking (ICN) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) together in the future internet research area. Software defined information centric networking (SD-ICN) may face more serious scalability problem in control plane compared with traditional SDN environment due to new features about in-network cache and content-based communication. In this paper, we address the control plane scalability problem from viewpoint of ICN/SDN integration and propose a scalable area-based hierarchical architecture (SAHA) for controller deployment in SD-ICN. The SAHA supports scalable awareness of network resources and content resources, as well as guarantees efficient interest matching and resource adaptation. Simulation experiments under OMNET++ show that the proposed SAHA can achieve good scalability in resource awareness and content-based communication.