Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Investigation on the Performance of 1D and 2D Antenna Arrays for mm-Wave Modern Communication Systems

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) wireless technology has invaded every aspect of modern life because of its ability to transmit data quickly and securely. This paper presented a square patch antenna at a resonance frequency of 26.2GHz for millimeter wave wireless communication. The proposed antenna consists of single square radiating element. The suggested antenna was designed using CST Microwave Studio’s version 2020 on a Rogers RO 3003 lossy substrate with a relative permittivity of 3 . The result of this paper shows a minimum S11 of 19.34 dB, a gain of 6.97dBi, with bandwidth of 2GHz at the resonant frequency of 26.2GHz. The gain was enhanced to 16dBi and 25.8dBi with a high radiation efficiency by converting the single element patch antenna to a uniform linear array of 8 elements and uniform planar array of 8 × 8 elements respectively. The simulation results show that despite the simple design of the patch (without holes and cracks), which facilitates manufacturing in a small size; However, it achieves higher gain than the more complex designs found in the previous literature to suit mm wave communication requirements. Also, we used CST Microwave Studio for simulation which provides two methods for implementing arrays: the array factor method, which builds virtual arrays (the direct method), or building arrays by repeating the elements depending on the required size of the array, A comparison has been conducted between the numerical analysis of both methods, and the results show that even though the numerical analysis of the second method gives more accurate results that can be close to a manufactured antenna array, it needs high processing ability and time. Creating arrays with array factor may save time and processing ability but the results may not be accurate. Therefore, a relation was driven to show the error that can be added to give precise results.
The role of Palaeocene magmatism in the tectonic evolution of the Sea of the Hebrides Basin: implications for basin evolution on the NW Seaboard

Abstract Major, trace element and isotope geochemistry of the magmas of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province suggests they rose through the lithosphere in dykes and ponded as sills at the Moho and within the upper crust. In the Sea of the Hebrides basin a linked system of discrete dyke swarms, sills and normal faults record rapid NE-SW extension at the near surface. The presence of a similar system of dykes and sills within the upper crust and at the Moho could have influenced mechanisms of lithospheric extension by dissipating vertical variations in strain laterally, eliminating space problems associated with depth dependant stretching. The addition of large thicknesses of magma to basins along the NW seaboard would have resulted in local burial, but subsidence would be offset by uplift resulting from isostatic effects and thermal expansion of the lithosphere during melting. Heat loss from rising magma would have a negligible effect on the maturation history of the sediments.
Tracking and classification of multiple objects in multibeam sector scan sonar image sequences

Multi-beam forward looking sector scan sonars are commonly used as obstacle avoidance and relative navigation sensors on unmanned underwater vehicles. Their key characteristic is a fast update rate (e.g. 12 Hz at 10 metres range). This offers opportunity to exploit temporal as well as spatial correlation in automatic processing of the data. We present the approach to object segmentation, tracking and classification, exploiting both inter and intra frame processing. Using optical flow motion estimation, coupled to a tree structure allowing object tracks to be revised, we have demonstrated good tracking performance, with prediction errors of between 10 and 50 cm (1-5% of scan range). Supervised object classification has demonstrated errors of 1 to 2 % using non-noisy images. With realistic sensor noise, classification of up to 100% was achieved with signal-to-noise ratio between 7.6 and 9.5 dB.
Relocation of Small EarthquakesiIn Western Sichuan, China and Its Implications for Active Tectonics

We relocated 13367 small earthquakes that occurred in western Sichuan between 1992 and 2002 using a double-difference (DD) earthquake location algorithm to improve the relative location precision. The relocated microseismicity forms highly organized structures that correlate with the surface faulting well: showing the flower structure across the simple strike-slip fault, and the organized but dispersed structure across the pull-apart basin and thrust fault. Beneath thrust fault, there exists an aseismic layer. The seismicity shows segmentation characteristics on active fault zones. Other significant tectonic features that were previously obscured by routine location errors are also revealed by the relocated seismicity. Some blind faults are delineated by lineages of seismicity that are suggestive of faulting structures. A series of large voids in seismicity appear with dimensions of tens of kilometers on the Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Zemuhe fault zone that have been aseismic over the 10-year time interval, suggesting that these segments may be locked and storing strain energy for release in future large earthquakes. A 5km thick aseismic layer appears in most places in western Sichuan plateau at depths of 15~20km. The crustal strength envelopes are calculated for the western Sichuan plateau based on the results from hightemperature and high-pressure experiments. The result shows that the granite at depths of 14 to 19km appears to be ductile, which is in good agreement with the thickness and depth range of the aseismic layer, suggesting that the aseismic layer may be the result of the ductile deformation from the granite in the upper crust.
Haline convection induced by the freezing of sea water

The onset of haline convection induced by the freezing of sea water is investigated. The linear analysis appropriate to the onset of thermal convection is applied to haline convection by replacing the temperature variables in the equations with salinity variables. Expressions for the time necessary for the onset of manifest convective behavior and the horizontal spacing of the convection cells are derived for various manners of increasing the salinity at the top surfaces. For molecular coefficients of viscosity and diffusion and cooling conditions that may be appropriate for the freezing season in the Antarctic it is found that the initial horizontal spacing of convection cells is about 0.3 cm.
Differences in sorption behaviour of carbaryl and phosalone in soils from Australia, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom

Sorption of 2 nonionic pesticides, carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) and phosalone (S-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxobenzoxazol-3-ylmethyl O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate), was investigated for 48 soils from Australia, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. A wide variation in sorption affinities of the soils to carbaryl and phosalone was observed. The sorption coefficient (K d) values for carbaryl ranged from 0.19 to 23.0 L/kg in Australian soils, from 0.99 to 59.7 L/kg in Pakistani soils, and from 1.09 to 23.0 L/kg in the UK soils. The K d values for phosalone ranged from 4.8 to 443 L/kg in Australian soils, from 15.5 to 1182 L/kg in Pakistani soils, and from 18.1 to 205 L/kg in the UK soils. To eliminate the effect of variation in organic carbon content among the soils, the K d values were normalised to the fraction of soil organic carbon (K oc ). However, K oc values for both pesticides varied by about an order of magnitude across the soils, decreasing in the following order: Pakistani > Australian > UK soils. Correlation between K d and organic carbon content of the soils was poor (r 2 = 0.44 and 0.46). The particulate organic C (53 µm–2 mm) was only slightly better correlated with K d than the total organic C in the <2 mm fraction of the soils. Thus soil organic C content alone is not a good predictor of sorption even for nonionic pesticides such as carbaryl and phosalone. Caution is needed during extrapolation of overseas data to predict sorption under local conditions.
The presence of Wolbachia in Brood X cicadas

Wolbachia is an inherited bacterial symbiont that lives within the reproductive cells of approximately 60% of insect species. It manipulates sexual reproduction in insects in multiple ways that ultimately lead to an increased number of Wolbachia-infected females. It is not known if Wolbachia is a symbiont present in the Brood X seventeen-year periodical cicadas. Brood X cicadas have declining populations in Ohio and Indiana and factors that impact their declining numbers have not been identified. We hypothesized that Brood X cicadas would be infected with Wolbachia. Genomic DNA was isolated from one hundred cicadas from two species, 50 from Magicicada septendecim and 50 from the Magicicada cassini, collected in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio area. A polymerase chain reaction protocol screened the DNA samples and identified one M. septendecim cicada with a Wolbachia- specific 16S rRNA amplicon. A Basic Local Alignment Search Tool nucleotide (BLASTN) analysis of the 388 nucleotide sequence confirmed Wolbachia species which conformed toWolbachia supergroup A.Wolbachia infection is low in Brood X M. septendecim cicadas and not identified in Brood X M. cassini cicadas. Efforts within the scientific community should continue the search for Wolbachia in cicadas, so the full ramifications of this symbiont on declining populations of Brood X cicadas can be uncovered.
The Relationship between Internet Gaming Addiction and Sleep Quality in the Mobile Legend Bang-Bang Online Game Community

Moment Indonesia is experiencing this development very technological _ fast , wrong One development such technology _ The fastest growing thing in Indonesia is online gaming. Research This own objective For know is there is connection between internet gaming addiction and quality Sleep on mobile legend bang-bang online game community . Study This use method quantitative . Respondent on research This as many as 100 people from the legend mobile online game community . Election respondent use purposive sampling technique , namely with set criteria certain as sample research . Data processing uses Pearson Product Moment correlation for prove hypothesis . From the results obtained that its sig (2-tailed ) value is 0.002. Which means 0.002 < 0.025 then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted so that obtained results exists connection between internet gaming addiction and quality sleep.
Gondwana's movement over the South Pole during the Palaeozoic: evidence from lithological indicators of climate

Abstract A statistical technique is described that uses the geographical distribution of lithological indicators of climate (carbonates, evaporites, coals and tillites) to estimate the past position of the geographic pole. This technique was used to estimate the movement of the South Pole across the supercontinent of Gondwana during the Palaeozoic. Our results indicate that during the Cambrian and Early Ordovician the South Pole was located adjacent to northwestern Africa. The pole moved into the Amazon Basin during the Late Ordovician and into south-central Argentina during the Silurian. Throughout the Devonian and Early Carboniferous the pole moved slowly from a location in southern Argentina to a position near the south coast of Africa. From the Late Carboniferous and into the Permian the South Pole swung eastward across central Antarctica. The Early Palaeozoic and Late Palaeozoic portions of the palaeoclimatically determined APW path are in good agreement with available palaeomagnetic data. The Middle Palaeozoic portion of the palaeoclimatically determined APW path agrees better with the palaeomagnetic data that places the South Pole in southern Argentina, than with the palaeomagnetic results that place the Devonian pole in central Africa.
Zebrafish brain atlases: a collective effort for a tiny vertebrate brain

Abstract. In the past two decades, digital brain atlases have emerged as essential tools for sharing and integrating complex neuroscience datasets. Concurrently, the larval zebrafish has become a prominent vertebrate model offering a strategic compromise for brain size, complexity, transparency, optogenetic access, and behavior. We provide a brief overview of digital atlases recently developed for the larval zebrafish brain, intersecting neuroanatomical information, gene expression patterns, and connectivity. These atlases are becoming pivotal by centralizing large datasets while supporting the generation of circuit hypotheses as functional measurements can be registered into an atlas’ standard coordinate system to interrogate its structural database. As challenges persist in mapping neural circuits and incorporating functional measurements into zebrafish atlases, we emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts and standardized protocols to expand these resources to crack the complex codes of neuronal activity guiding behavior in this tiny vertebrate brain.
Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review

This paper reviews the many developments in estimates of the direct and indirect global annual mean radiative forcing due to present‐day concentrations of anthropogenic tropospheric aerosols since Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [1996]. The range of estimates of the global mean direct radiative forcing due to six distinct aerosol types is presented. Additionally, the indirect effect is split into two components corresponding to the radiative forcing due to modification of the radiative properties of clouds (cloud albedo effect) and the effects of anthropogenic aerosols upon the lifetime of clouds (cloud lifetime effect). The radiative forcing for anthropogenic sulphate aerosol ranges from −0.26 to −0.82 W m−2. For fossil fuel black carbon the radiative forcing ranges from +0.16 W m−2 for an external mixture to +0.42 W m−2 for where the black carbon is modeled as internally mixed with sulphate aerosol. For fossil fuel organic carbon the two estimates of the likely weakest limit of the direct radiative forcing are −0.02 and −0.04 W m−2. For biomass‐burning sources of black carbon and organic carbon the combined radiative forcing ranges from −0.14 to −0.74 W m−2. Estimates of the radiative forcing due to mineral dust vary widely from +0.09 to −0.46 W m−2; even the sign of the radiative forcing is not well established due to the competing effects of solar and terrestrial radiative forcings. A single study provides a very tentative estimate of the radiative forcing of nitrates to be −0.03 W m−2. Estimates of the cloud albedo indirect radiative forcing range from −0.3 to approximately −1.8 W m−2. Although the cloud lifetime effect is identified as a potentially important climate forcing mechanism, it is difficult to quantify in the context of the present definition of radiative forcing of climate change and current model simulations. This is because its estimation by general circulation models necessarily includes some level of cloud and water vapor feedbacks, which affect the hydrological cycle and the dynamics of the atmosphere. Available models predict that the radiative flux perturbation associated with the cloud lifetime effect is of a magnitude similar to that of the cloud albedo effect.
Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) After Resisted Sprinting in Recreationally Active Participants: A Double-Blind Randomised Crossover Trial

Sprint performance and therefore sprint training play important roles in a range of sports and numerous methods to enhance sprint performance have been proposed. One such method is resisted sprinting, whereby a predetermined load (% body mass) or a load which elicits a reduction in sprint velocity, is towed over a prescribed distance. Resisted sprint training can be implemented chronically or acutely. The latter is used to elicit a performance enhancement via post-activation potentiation whereby a superior performance may be achieved when the activity is preceded by a specific stimulus, usually as part of the warm up. The purpose of this study was to determine if a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) could be achieved following an acute resisted sprint at two different decreases in sprint velocity using novel resisted sprint equipment (Run Rocket). Eleven healthy male, recreationally trained volunteers (age 23.4 ± 1.9 years, height 180.5 ± 3.5 cm, body mass 86.4 ± 14.5 kg) participated in the study. A maximal 15 m baseline body mass only sprint was performed on the initial visit to ascertain 5 and 15 m sprint time. Participants visited a further two times which consisted of a pre-conditioning resisted sprint activity using the Run Rocket at two different resistance settings in a randomised counter-balanced design. A repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) showed no significant differences in sprint time, velocity or acceleration between the three conditions (p> 0.05). However, when assessing individuals by the smallest worthwhile change, some participants may have decreased their sprint time. Therefore, the use of resisted sprints did not elicit a post-activation performance enhancement in recreationally trained individuals and may not be beneficial for augmenting acute performance in this population. Individual responses to this type of training may vary and should be a consideration for strength coaches.
Role of algal aggregation in vertical carbon export during SOIREE and in other low biomass environments

Additions of iron to surface regions of the ocean have induced an increase in phytoplankton biomass, but do not necessarily trigger increases in carbon export from surface waters. Using new size‐characterization of settling particles from the Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment (SOIREE) and an extremely simple, mechanistic aggregation model, we show that removal of phytoplankton from surface waters via sedimentation was controlled by the formation of larger, faster sinking particles via coagulation. We demonstrate that in low biomass regions, where concentrations do not reach the critical concentration needed for massive sedimentation, carbon export is nevertheless still contingent upon the detailed mechanics of particle aggregation. There is therefore a direct dependence of export flux on the extent of aggregation during blooms, verification critical to the success of hydrodynamic models in predicting export.
Reconstruction of the shape and surface impedance from Cauchy data for the Helmholtz equation

In this paper, we are concerned with the coeﬃcients identiﬁcation for the Helmholtz equation. This problem which consists of determining an unknown inner boundary of an annular domain and surface heat transfer coeﬃcient from boundary Cauchy data. We propose two reconstruction algorithms to simultaneously recover the shape and the surface impedance of the obstacle within a body. This problem is ill-posed, thus we apply regularization techniques in order to improve the corresponding approximation. Numerical experiments are presented for the reconstruction algorithms, which show that both the shape and the surface impedance can be reconstructed accurately. AMS
Hemodynamic and electromechanical effects of paraquat in rat heart

Paraquat (PQ) is a highly lethal herbicide. Ingestion of large quantities of PQ usually results in cardiovascular collapse and eventual mortality. Recent pieces of evidence indicate possible involvement of oxidative stress- and inflammation-related factors in PQ-induced cardiac toxicity. However, little information exists on the relationship between hemodynamic and cardiac electromechanical effects involved in acute PQ poisoning. The present study investigated the effects of acute PQ exposure on hemodynamics and electrocardiogram (ECG) in vivo, left ventricular (LV) pressure in isolated hearts, as well as contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties and ionic currents in ventricular myocytes in a rat model. In anesthetized rats, intravenous PQ administration (100 or 180 mg/kg) induced dose-dependent decreases in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac contractility (LV +dP/dtmax). Furthermore, PQ administration prolonged the PR, QRS, QT, and rate-corrected QT (QTc) intervals. In Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts, PQ (33 or 60 μM) decreased LV pressure and contractility (LV +dP/dtmax). PQ (10–60 μM) reduced the amplitudes of Ca2+ transients and fractional cell shortening in a concentration-dependent manner in isolated ventricular myocytes. Moreover, whole-cell patch-clamp experiments demonstrated that PQ decreased the current amplitude and availability of the transient outward K+ channel (Ito) and altered its gating kinetics. These results suggest that PQ-induced cardiotoxicity results mainly from diminished Ca2+ transients and inhibited K+ channels in cardiomyocytes, which lead to LV contractile force suppression and QTc interval prolongation. These findings should provide novel cues to understand PQ-induced cardiac suppression and electrical disturbances and may aid in the development of new treatment modalities.
Revitalizing Islamic Education: Professionalism of State Islamic Religious College Lecturers in Welcoming the Industrial Era 4.0

This study focused on three aspects: 1) the professionalism of lecturers in the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training (FTK) at the State Islamic Religious College (PTKIN) in Aceh in welcoming the industrial revolution 4.0 era; 2) the skills of FTK lecturers at PTKIN in Aceh in using technology for teaching; and 3) strategies to develop the professional competence of FTK lecturers in welcoming the industrial revolution 4.0 era. This research applied a qualitative method with fifty informants from FTK-PTKIN in Aceh. The informants were determined purposefully: two deans, one head of the Department of Teacher Training and Education, six deputy deans, and forty-nine lecturers. Data collection was done through interviews, observations, and documentation, and the data were analyzed through three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. This study revealed that FTK-PTKIN lecturers in Aceh have high professional competence and good skills in using technology for teaching to welcome the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The common media used in teaching are Google Classroom, Google Meet, Zoom, and WhatsApp. Moreover, the professional competence of FTK lecturers is developed through the following strategies: doctoral education, technology training, and scholarship provision.
Land‐lake breezes at low latitudes: The case of Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia

Tonle Sap Lake is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. During the postmonsoon season, a small linear cloud system has been observed over this lake in early morning, while the sky above the surrounding land is clear. Although this cloud system is apparently generated by land breezes, previous studies on land‐lake (sea) circulation have suggested that environmental factors at low latitudes inhibit development of nocturnal land breezes. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of these early morning clouds through numerical simulation. The simulations show a linear updraft system over the lake, forming along the southwest lakeshore around 22:00 and moving northeast to the middle of the lake. The heavier air mass from the land meets the extraordinarily warm and humid air mass over the lake, triggering updrafts under the conditionally convective instability. The characteristic high surface water temperature was favorable for generation of the land breeze and updraft systems. That high surface water temperature of the lake is produced by the tropical climate along with efficient energy absorption because of the shallowness of the water body. This unique feature can generate a clear nocturnal land breeze circulation accompanying a migrating updraft system over the lake despite its low latitude.