Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding Disease-Related Genomic Experiments Within an International Repository: First Steps in Translational Bioinformatics

The amount of gene expression data in international repositories has grown exponentially. An important first step in translating the results of genomic experiments into medicine is to relate these genomic experiments to the human diseases they have studied. Unfortunately, repositories for expression data store the crucial annotative details only as free-text, making it manually intractable to link these with human disease. In this study, we sought to find experiments in NCBI GEO that are related to human diseases by making use of annotations relating these experiments with PUBMED identifiers representing the publication in which each experiment was published. In this manner, we find that 35% of PUBMED-associated genomic experiments can be related to a human disease, and that publicly-available data from these genomic experiments can already be related to over 270 human diseases and conditions. This represents an important first step in bridging the world of nucleotides, transcripts and expression with the afflications of us all.
Influencing the influencers: a theory of strategic diffusion

The growth of the Internet and assorted technologies has made it possible to collect and process detailed information on social networks. This article investigates how firms (and governments) can harness the power of social networks to promote their goals. We show that the optimal use of social networks leads to higher sales and greater profits. However, an increase in the level and dispersion of social interaction can increase or decrease the optimal influence strategy and profits of the player, depending on the content of the interaction. Optimal influence strategies will target individuals with low or high connections, depending on the content of interaction. Finally, the returns to investing in market research on social networks are greater in more unequal networks.
Does FDI Guarantee the Stability of International Capital Flows? Evidence from Malaysia

The conventional wisdom is that crises are largely due to swings in short-term capital. Economies that finance their current account deficits mainly via foreign direct investment (FDI) are therefore seen as being less susceptible to a crisis. The analysis in this article, backed up by some empirical evidence drawn from Malaysia, challenges the casual presumption that the switch towards FDI alone will automatically imply that extreme capital instability will become a thing of the past.
Dimensionality Reduction Via Matrix Factorization for Predictive Modeling from Large, Sparse Behavioral Data

Matrix factorization is a popular technique for engineering features for use in predictive models; it is viewed as a key part of the predictive analytics process and is used in many different domain areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate matrix-factorization-based dimensionality reduction as a design artifact in predictive analytics. With the rise in availability of large amounts of sparse behavioral data, this investigation comes at a time when traditional techniques must be reevaluated. Our contribution is based on two lines of inquiry: we survey the literature on dimensionality reduction in predictive analytics, and we undertake an experimental evaluation comparing using dimensionality reduction versus not using dimensionality reduction for predictive modeling from large, sparse behavioral data. Our survey of the dimensionality reduction literature reveals that, despite mixed empirical evidence as to the benefit of computing dimensionality reduction, it is frequently applied in predictive modeling research and application without either comparing to a model built using the full feature set or utilizing state-of-the-art predictive modeling techniques for complexity control. This presents a concern, as the survey reveals complexity control as one of the main reasons for employing dimensionality reduction. This lack of comparison is troubling in light of our empirical results. We experimentally evaluate the e cacy of dimensionality reduction in the context of a collection of predictive modeling problems from a large-scale published study. We find that utilizing dimensionality reduction improves predictive performance only under certain, rather narrow, conditions. Specifically, under default regularization (complexity control)settings dimensionality reduction helps for the more di cult predictive problems (where the predictive performance of a model built using the original feature set is relatively lower), but it actually decreases the performance on the easier problems. More surprisingly, employing state-of-the-art methods for selecting regularization parameters actually eliminates any advantage that dimensionality reduction has! Since the value of building accurate predictive models for business analytics applications has been well-established, the resulting guidelines for the application of dimensionality reduction should lead to better research and managerial decisions.
Exchange-Rate Strategies in the Competition for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment☆

Building on the needs for long-term capital inflows in developing countries, this paper reconsiders the choice of an exchange-rate regime by integrating the determinants of multinational firms' locations. The trade-off between price competitiveness and a stable nominal exchange rate is modeled. Empirical results show that exchange-rate volatility is detrimental to foreign direct investment (FDI) and that its impact compares with that of misalignments. One policy implication is that the building of currency blocks could be a way of increasing FDI to emerging countries as a whole. The frontiers of monetary areas would then be strongly influenced by geography, as FDI is. J. Japan. Int. Econ., June 2001, 15(2), pp. 178–198. University of Paris X-Nanterre (THEMA) and CEPII, 200 avenue de la Republique F-92000 Nanterre, France, CEPII and TEAM, 9 rue Georges Pitard F-75015 Paris, France, (University of Amiens (CRIISEA), CEPII and TEAM, 9 rue Georges Pitard F-75015 Paris, France). Copyright 2001 Academic Press. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: F21, F23, F31, F33.
Using Eye Movements to Evaluate a PC-Based Risk Awareness and Perception Training Program on a Driving Simulator

Objective: Evaluation of the effects of a PC-based training program on risk perception in a driving simulator. Background: Novice drivers have a fatality rate some eight times higher than that of the most experienced group of drivers, primarily because of the novice driver's inability to predict ahead of time the risks that will appear in the roadway. Current driver education programs, at least those in the United States, do not emphasize the teaching of risk awareness skills to novice drivers. Method: APC-based risk awareness and perception training program was developed and evaluated. The training involved using plan (top-down) views of 10 risky scenarios that helped novice drivers identify where potential risks were located and what information should be attended. Both the 24 trained novice drivers and 24 untrained novice drivers were evaluated on an advanced driving simulator. The eye movements of both groups of drivers were measured. The evaluation on the driving simulator included both scenarios used in the training and others not used in training. Results: The set of trained novice drivers were almost twice as likely as untrained drivers to fixate appropriately either on the regions where potential risks might appear or on signs that warned of potentially risky situations ahead, both for the scenarios they had encountered in training and for novel scenarios. Application: The PC training program developed, which is portable and can be widely used, has great promise in improving risk perception for novice drivers on the road.
The factors impact consumers' initial trust in mobile service: An empirical study in China

Lack of trust in mobile brokerage service is a primary reason why many investors do not conduct trading in mobile environment. This study propose a model of initial investor trust in mobile brokerage service and consider the effect of six antecedent variables on shaping an investor initial trust and intention in mobile brokerage service. The six variables are perceived ubiquity, service compatibility, information quality, perceived reputation, perceived security and propensity to trust. We test the proposed model by survey data collected and use a structural equation modeling techniques to analyze the causalities. The results show support for the proposed model and confirm its robustness in predicting investors' initial trust and intention in mobile brokerage service. The findings provide useful suggestions and implication for the academician and practitioners.
Marginal tax reform and the specification of consumer demand systems

This paper examines the conjecture that tax reform recommendations are not as sensitive to underlying consumer demand systems as are derived optimal tax rates. Tax reform recommendations for Ireland using the Ahmad-Stern model of indirect tax reform with different underlying consumer demand systems are examined. They are found to exhibit little sensitivity to the underlying deterministic demand system but they do display considerable sensitivity to dynamic specification. They also display sensitivity with regard to the imposition of the restrictions implied by utility maximization, especially symmetry. Copyright 1996 by Royal Economic Society.
Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Abstract Worldwide about 350 million people are chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The infection can cause acute and chronic liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatocellular injuries of HBV infection are predominantly immune-mediated and a complex ill understood interplay of virological factors, host immunological factors and genetic factors as well as the environmental factors determine the clinical outcome. There is strong evidence in HBV infection that host genetic factors play a major role in determining the outcome of infection. Among different approaches that may be used to determine the specific genetic factors involved, the principal method which has been used to date, is the disease association study. The association of the MHC class II alleles and interleukin-10 promoter polymorphism has been demonstrated to influence the outcome of these infections. The MBP polymorphism has also been found to be involved in chronic infection in some population groups but not in others. Since genetic interactions are complex, it is unlikely that a single allelic variant is related to HBV resistance or susceptibility. The collective influence of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotype(s) might determine the natural combinational effect against HBV. The future study including the multicohort collaboration will be needed to clarify these preliminary associations and identify other potential candidate genes.
A Comparison of Disaster Paradigms: The Search for a Holistic Policy Guide

The following article discusses the current emphasis and attention being given to the future of emergency management, as well as theoretical constructs designed to guide research and help practitioners reduce disaster. It illustrates that while the disaster-resistant community, disaster-resilient community, and sustainable development/sustainable hazards mitigation concepts provide many unique advantages for disaster scholarship and management, they fail to sufficiently address the triggering agents, functional areas, actors, variables, and disciplines pertaining to calamitous events. In making this argument, the article asserts that any future paradigm and policy guide must be built on—yet go further than—comprehensive emergency management. The article also reviews and alters the concept of invulnerable development. Finally, the article presents “comprehensive vulnerability management” as a paradigm and suggests that it is better suited to guide scholarly and practitioner efforts to understand and reduce disasters than the aforementioned perspectives.
Inventory of the GH70 enzymes encoded by Leuconostoc citreum NRRL B‐1299 – identification of three novel α‐transglucosylases

Leuconostoc citreum NRRL B‐1299 has long been known to produce α‐glucans containing both α‐(1→6) and α‐(1→2) linkages, which are synthesized by α‐transglucosylases of the GH70 family. We sequenced the genome of Leuconostoc citreum NRRL B‐1299 to identify the full inventory of GH70 enzymes in this strain. Three new genes (brsA, dsrM and dsrDP) putatively encoding GH70 enzymes were identified. The corresponding recombinant enzymes were characterized. Branching sucrase A (BRS‐A) grafts linear α‐(1→6) dextran with α‐(1→2)‐linked glucosyl units, and is probably involved in the α‐(1→2) branching of L. citreum NRRL B‐1299 dextran. This is the first report of a naturally occurring α‐(1→2) branching sucrase. DSR‐M and DSR‐DP are dextransucrases that are specific for α‐(1→6) linkage synthesis and mainly produce oligomers or short dextrans with molar masses between 580 and 27 000 g·mol−1. In addition, DSR‐DP contains sequences that diverge from the consensus sequences that are typically present in enzymes that synthesize linear dextran. Comparison of the genome with five other L. citreum genomes further revealed that dsrDP is unique to L. citreum NRRL B‐1299. The presence of this gene in a prophage represents the first evidence of phage‐mediated horizontal transfer of genes encoding such enzymes in lactic acid bacteria. Finally, brsA and dsrM are located in a chromosomal region in which genes encoding strain‐specific GH70 enzymes are consistently located. This region may be a good target on which to focus in order to rapidly evaluate the diversity of GH70 enzymes in L. citreum strains.
Dynamic control of reversible cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton in the mouth of Beroë

Cell‐cell adhesion in the various types of intercellular junctions of differentiated tissues is relatively stable and permanent. In migrating cells of embryos, or in wound closure, inflammatory responses and tumors of adult tissues, however, bonds between cells are made and broken and made again, i.e., cell‐cell adhesions are transient and reversible. These nonjunctional contacts lack the organized structure of intercellular junctions, but may initiate their tissue‐specific formation during development.
Writing Style Conversion using Neural Machine Translation

Writing style is an important indicator of a writer’s persona. In the age of intelligent chatbots, writing style conversion can enable intimate human-AI interaction, allowing us to bridge the inherent gap between AI agents and human beings. In this paper, we apply sequence to sequence neural machine translation model with global attention mechanism to two writing style conversion tasks, mostly focusing on Shakespearean style conversion task, to explore its capabilities and limitations. In order to acquire parallel corpora of two unique writing styles, we suggest a new method of data acquisition, which leverages the Google Translator engine when only given a single corpus of target writing style. Another decision problem that is crucial to the performance of this model is the embedding matrix of the source and target vocabulary, hyperparameters, global attention mechanism, and many other details of bidirectional Sequence to Sequence model. The bidirectional Seq2Seq model we suggest here outperformed the previous models[1] for style mimicking in BLEU score by greater than 25%. In addition, through human evaluated metrics, we could observe that our bidirectional Seq2Seq model performed better than our simple attentive Seq2Seq model in preserving original meaning and imitating target style.
Language Behavior Coordination Strategy Motivaton

Language as information is believed to be crucial in the motivation process. Yet the original language theory mainly focus on study usage and effect of language in language own view, it is seem ignored that only using language without suitable behavior would constantly lost motivation effect. The paper analysis mechanism of language behavior coordination motivation base on several hypothesis, we present when language owned energy is used correctly in any condition, the potential energy lied in language is arousal, it can arouse human work enthusiasm, especial, when language and behavior as leader strategy and leader art are used all together, the energy would form huge energy flow that spread, release, circulate rapidly in organization. The paper mainly emphasize on language behavior coordination motivation strategy. The paper concludes with an identification of avenues for further research.
Lipooligosaccharide is required for the generation of infectious elementary bodies in Chlamydia trachomatis

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are the main lipid components of bacterial outer membranes and are essential for cell viability in most Gram-negative bacteria. Here we show that small molecule inhibitors of LpxC [UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-GlcNAc deacetylase], the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of lipid A, block the synthesis of LOS in the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. In the absence of LOS, Chlamydia remains viable and establishes a pathogenic vacuole (“inclusion”) that supports robust bacterial replication. However, bacteria grown under these conditions were no longer infectious. In the presence of LpxC inhibitors, replicative reticulate bodies accumulated in enlarged inclusions but failed to express selected late-stage proteins and transition to elementary bodies, a Chlamydia developmental form that is required for invasion of mammalian cells. These findings suggest the presence of an outer membrane quality control system that regulates Chlamydia developmental transition to infectious elementary bodies and highlights the potential application of LpxC inhibitors as unique class of antichlamydial agents.
Estimates of the long-run growth rate of Singapore with a CES production function

This article estimates using the Bayesian methods a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function for Singapore for 1960–2009. It is found that the elasticity of substitution is 0.6, technical progress is labour augmenting and the Steady-State Growth Rate (SSGR) of Singapore is about 1.8%.
An efficient feature selection using artificial fish swarm optimization and svm classifier

The medical datasets have many features if the features have a tendency of mutation then the risk of disease increases which makes difficult to provide a diagnosis of disease. In the dataset, every feature is a contributor for prediction accuracy, the selection of significant features from the dataset is a challenging task. The feature selection technique based on metaheuristic algorithms is used for the selection of significant data. The metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the fish behavior under water is artificial fish swarm optimization (AFSO) is proposed in this paper. The wrapper approach of AFSO with support vector machine (SVM) is used for finding the feature subset with a minimum number of features. The proposed approach is tested on nine different datasets having binary and multiple imbalanced classes and correlated with other metaheuristic algorithms. The results show that the proposed approach is providing high classification accuracy with features subset having fewer features.
Biography of an Idea: John Maynard Keynes and the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

The culmination of John Maynard Keynes's thought and lifework was The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Here, placing it in the context of his era, David Felix examines the evolution of Keynes's theorizing. He boldly claims that The General Theory lacks logical and factual support as pure theory, but is an achievement of great statesmanship in political economy. Felix argues that Keynes's ideas have misled successive generations of students and practitioners. He suggests that a more discriminating view of his thought can reconcile Keynesian views with neoclassical theory and replace the false synthesis that dominates contemporary text-books with a truer one. Biography of an Idea devotes four chapters to an analysis of The General Theory and an examination of the economic logic of Keynes. The author disentangles the work's fundamentally simple theses from its difficult technical pre-sentation. He shows how Keynes shaped his economic model as he did as an effort to win public support for sensible policies that clashed with generally accepted beliefs of the time. Biography of an Idea is bound to be controversial due to the many cohorts of economists who have been trained in macroeconomics according to Keynes. It will be of interest and ac-cessible to intellectually curious laymen and students, and important to economists, historians, and political scientists.
Color Assortative Mating Contributes to Sympatric Divergence of Neotropical Cichlid Fish

It is still debated vigorously whether sexual selection can result in speciation without physical barriers to gene flow. In this study, we used field data and molecular methods to investigate the gold-normal color polymorphism in two endemic cichlid fish species of crater lake Xiloá, Nicaragua. We found significant assortative mating by color in both Amphilophus xiloaensis and A. sagittae. Focusing on A. xiloaensis, microsatellite allele frequencies, an assignment test, and model-based cluster analysis demonstrates significant and clear genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.03) between gold and normal individuals in sympatry. In addition, we find genetic differentiation between all three sympatric and ecologically distinct Midas cichlid species of Lake Xiloá, A. amarillo, A. sagittae, and A. xiloaensis (F ST = 0.03 – 0.19), and clear genetic isolation of these species from their closest relative (A. citrinellus) in the neighboring great lake Managua. The A. xiloaensis gold morph is genetically more distinct from the lake's other two Midas cichlid species than is A. xiloaensis-normal. Thus, we have identified sexual isolation based on color that is evident in population genetics and mate choice. Our results suggest that sexual selection through color assortative mating may play an important role in incipient sympatric speciation in Midas cichlids of Nicaragua.
Do Managerial Motives Influence Firm Risk Reduction Strategies

This article finds evidence consistent with the hypothesis that managers consider personal risk when making decisions that affect firm risk. The author finds that chief executive officers (CEOs) with more personal wealth vested in firm equity tend to diversify. CEOs who are specialists at the existing technology tend to buy similar technologies. When specialists have many years vested, they tend to diversify, however. Poor performance in the existing lines of business is associated with movements into new lines of business. Copyright 1995 by American Finance Association.