Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cognitive Theory of Dreams

In the final years of the nineteenth century, Freud formulated a theory of the dream which has proved exceedingly useful to the clinical practitioner and to a lesser extent to the personality theorist for verifying propositions derived from dynamic theories of personality. Freud was very proud of his first original and independent achievement in psychological theorizing, so much so that he appears to have been reluctant to alter it as he did so many other discoveries of these early years.
Focal adhesion kinase modulates tension signaling to control actin and focal adhesion dynamics

In response to αβ1 integrin signaling, transducers such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) become activated, relaying to specific machineries and triggering distinct cellular responses. By conditionally ablating Fak in skin epidermis and culturing Fak-null keratinocytes, we show that FAK is dispensable for epidermal adhesion and basement membrane assembly, both of which require αβ1 integrins. FAK is also dispensible for proliferation/survival in enriched medium. In contrast, FAK functions downstream of αβ1 integrin in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics and orchestrating polarized keratinocyte migration out of epidermal explants. Fak-null keratinocytes display an aberrant actin cytoskeleton, which is tightly associated with robust, peripheral focal adhesions and microtubules. We find that without FAK, Src, p190RhoGAP, and PKL–PIX–PAK, localization and/or activation at focal adhesions are impaired, leading to elevated Rho activity, phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase, and enhanced tensile stress fibers. We show that, together, these FAK-dependent activities are critical to control the turnover of focal adhesions, which is perturbed in the absence of FAK.
Identification of School Bullies by Survey Methods

How can middle school counselors identify bullies? This study compared two methods of identifying bullies in a sample of 386 middle school students. A peer nomination survey identified many more bullies than did student self-report. Moreover, self-reported and peer-nominated bullies differed in their types of bullying behaviors, level of general self-concept, attitudes toward aggression, and disciplinary infractions. Overall, this study raises concern about reliance on student selfreport and supports the use of peer nomination as a means of identifying school bullies. These findings have implications for school counselors in undertaking efforts to reduce school bullying.
How to Classify Tutorial Dialogue? Comparing Feature Vectors vs. Sequences

A key issue in using machine learning to classify tutorial dialogues is how to represent time-varying data. Standard classifiers take as input a feature vector and output its predicted label. It is possible to formulate tutorial dialogue classification problems in this way. However, a feature vector representation requires mapping a dialogue onto a fixed number of features, and does not innately exploit its sequential nature. In contrast, this paper explores a recent method that classifies sequences, using a technique new to the Educational Data Mining community – Hidden Conditional Random Fields [Quattoni et al., 2007]. We illustrate its application to a data set from Project LISTEN's Reading Tutor, and compare it to three baselines using the same data, crossvalidation splits, and feature set. Our technique produces state-of-the-art classification accuracy in predicting reading task completion. We consider the contributions of this paper to be (i) introducing HCRFs to the EDM community, (ii) formulating tutorial dialogue classification as a sequence classification problem, and (iii) evaluating and comparing dialogue classification.
Closing the gap in the capacity of random wireless networks

We consider the problem of how throughput in a wireless network with randomly located nodes scales as the number of users grows. Following the physical model of Gupta and Kumar, we show that randomly scattered nodes can achieve the optimal 1/(n)/sup 1/2/ per-node transmission rate of arbitrarily located nodes. This contrasts with previous achievable results suggesting that a 1/(n log n)/sup 1/2/ reduced rate is the price to pay for the additional randomness introduced into the system. Our results rely on percolation theory arguments. In the high density regime the network is fully connected but generates excessive interference. In the low density regime the network loses connectivity. Percolation theory ensures that a wireless backbone forms in the transition region between this two extreme scalings. This backbone does not cover all the nodes, nevertheless it is sufficiently rich in crossing paths so that it can transport all the traffic in the network. By operating the network in this transition region between order and disorder, we are able to prove our tight bound.
Sensing of Replication Stress and Mec1 Activation Act through Two Independent Pathways Involving the 9-1-1 Complex and DNA Polymerase ε

Following DNA damage or replication stress, budding yeast cells activate the Rad53 checkpoint kinase, promoting genome stability in these challenging conditions. The DNA damage and replication checkpoint pathways are partially overlapping, sharing several factors, but are also differentiated at various levels. The upstream kinase Mec1 is required to activate both signaling cascades together with the 9-1-1 PCNA-like complex and the Dpb11 (hTopBP1) protein. After DNA damage, Dpb11 is also needed to recruit the adaptor protein Rad9 (h53BP1). Here we analyzed the mechanisms leading to Mec1 activation in vivo after DNA damage and replication stress. We found that a ddc1Δdpb11-1 double mutant strain displays a synthetic defect in Rad53 and H2A phosphorylation and is extremely sensitive to hydroxyurea (HU), indicating that Dpb11 and the 9-1-1 complex independently promote Mec1 activation. A similar phenotype is observed when both the 9-1-1 complex and the Dpb4 non-essential subunit of DNA polymerase ε (Polε) are contemporarily absent, indicating that checkpoint activation in response to replication stress is achieved through two independent pathways, requiring the 9-1-1 complex and Polε.
Disparagement humor: A theoretical and empirical review of psychoanalytic, superiority, and social identity theories

Abstract This research reviews the empirical and theoretical literature on disparagement humor and amusement. In particular, we ask, “Why is disparagement humor funny? ” Three theoretical frameworks provide responses to this question: psychoanalytic theory, superiority theories, and social identity theory. Each framework suggests a distinct psychological mechanism that fosters amusement upon exposure to disparagement humor. The review presents the central theoretical propositions from each framework and assesses their empirical support. Based on this review, we suggest that social identity theory offers a promising new avenue for disparagement humor research. The review concludes by offering future research directions.
UCS REVALUATION AND CONDITIONING MODELS OF ACQUIRED FEARS

Recent developments in the study of Pavlovian conditioning in humans have suggested that the strength of a conditioned response (CR) is affected not only by associative processes that link the conditioned stimulus (CS) with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), but also by processes which lead the individual to revalue the UCS itself. These latter processes can frequently lead to dramatic changes in CR strength independently of any experience with the CS-UCS contingency. This paper discusses a number of ways in which UCS revaluation can be effected in human subjects, and discusses their implications for conditioning models of acquired fears.
Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: a meta-analysis.

To examine how well the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior predict condom use, the authors synthesized 96 data sets (N = 22,594) containing associations between the models' key variables. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action's predictions, (a) condom use was related to intentions (weighted mean r. = .45), (b) intentions were based on attitudes (r. = .58) and subjective norms (r. = .39), and (c) attitudes were associated with behavioral beliefs (r. = .56) and norms were associated with normative beliefs (r. = .46). Consistent with the theory of planned behavior's predictions, perceived behavioral control was related to condom use intentions (r. = .45) and condom use (r. = .25), but in contrast to the theory, it did not contribute significantly to condom use. The strength of these associations, however, was influenced by the consideration of past behavior. Implications of these results for HIV prevention efforts are discussed.
Fuzzy neural control for unmanned robot applied to automotive test

– The paper aims to overcome the shortcomings that proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control for unmanned robot applied to automotive test (URAT) needs a priori manual retuning, has large speed fluctuations and is hard to adjust control parameters. A novel control approach based on fuzzy neural network applied to URAT was proposed. , – According to the target vehicle speed and driving command table, the multiple manipulator coordinated control model was established. After that, the displacement of throttle mechanical leg, clutch mechanical leg, brake mechanical leg and shift mechanical arm for URAT was used as input of fuzzy neural network (FNN) model, and vehicle speed was used as output of FNN model. The number of membership functions was three, and the type of that was generalized bell membership function (gbellmf). The hybrid learning algorithm which combined with back propagation algorithm and least square method was applied to train the model. The Sugeno model was selected as fuzzy reasoning model. , – Experimental results demonstrated that compared with PID control method, the proposed approach can greatly improve the accuracy of vehicle speed tracking. The approach can accurately realize the vehicle speed tracking of given driving test cycle. Therefore, it can ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of automotive test results. , – Future work will focus on improving the efficiency of this learning algorithm. , – The paper provides effective methods for improving the accuracy of speed tracking and repeatability. , – After establishing the multiple manipulator coordinated control model, this paper proposes a novel control approach based on FNN for URAT.
KB_Bio_101 : A Challenge for OWL Reasoners

We describe the axiomatic content of a biology knowledge base that poses both theoretical and empirical challenges for OWL reasoning. The knowledge base is organized hierarchically as a set of classes with necessary and sufficient properties. The relations have domain and range restrictions, are organized into a hierarchy, can have cardinality constraints and composition axioms stated for them. The necessary and sufficient properties of classes induce general graphs for which there are no known decidable reasoners. The OWL version of the knowledge base presented in this paper is an approximation of the original knowledge base. The knowledge content is practically motivated by an education application and has been extensively tested for quality.
Reconceiving School Leadership: Emergent Views

The changing demands being placed on schools and schools' characteristics as professional workplaces require that educators expand their views of leadership to include more flexible, inclusive, and varied leadership models. Teachers play an increasingly important role in school leadership, and inclusive, interactive, and reciprocal models of leadership provide more appropriate ways of understanding the social processes involved in teacher leadership. New work designs for teachers promote teacher leadership for a variety of reasons: to nurture a more democratic, communal, or communitarian social system for schools and schooling; to draw on teachers' expertise and experience as a school resource; to provide more appropriate work designs and incentives for teachers; and to create a more professional workplace in schools. Teacher leadership structures prominent in many reforms are examined in light of these purposes and the goals they seek to advance. Nonhierarchical theories of leadership from the general leadership literature are used to analyze these new work structures and the goals they seek to advance.
A multistep liver segmentation strategy by combining level set based method with texture analysis for CT images

A multi step liver segmentation method is proposed by combining improved level set based method with texture analysis technique for computed tomography (CT) images in this work. The aiming of proposed algorithm is to overcome the segmentation problem which is caused by similar intensities between liver region and its neighboring tissues, also robust to the variations of shape and size within liver region. Firstly, the total variation with the L1 norm (TV-L1) was used for obtaining the initial liver region, which can make the algorithm more efficient and robust. Secondly, both of global and local energy functions with the level set based method are used for extracting the liver region. Finally, the texture analysis method which is based on gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was used for refining the liver region boundary. The experimental results on 16 clinical planning CT for radiation therapy were used for demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Research: Is It a Missing Link in Informing Policy and Practice in Community Colleges?

A small but growing number of social science researchers are focusing more attention on community colleges. Most researchers, as expected, take an outsider's perspective on what issues they think are important to examine about community colleges (Oromaner, 1984), and rarely do they seek ways to ensure that the knowledge they produce is relevant to the very populations they study. Nor do they disseminate it to these populations for their awareness and use. Moreover, few social science researchers attempt to find out how decision-makers in community colleges understand and use theirown and other research to inform policies and practices. Even fewer researchers actually collaborate on research with interested individuals in community colleges. Basically, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners operate in separate worlds, and rarely (if ever) do their paths cross. In essence, a dual dilemma exists among researchers and practitioners in the field. Researchers perceive that knowledge use does not occur because practitioners and policymakers lack interest. Practitioners and policymakers, in turn, perceive that knowledge use is hindered by the limited scope, methodologies, timeliness, relevance, objectivity, and presentation of the research (Glasser, 1973; Miles, 1987; Weiss, 1980). Collectively, these factors have tended to discourage researchers from understanding the concerns of those in the applied arenas and practitioners and policymakers from using research to inform their work.
The role of leaders in enabling student voice

This article explores how leadership can help to enable student voice to occur in schools. We find that the relationship between teachers and the school leader is a critical context for enabling voice. Specifically, we find that the following concepts were important for efforts to enable and foster student voice: (1) clear vision of school that is incorporated deeply into practice as ‘the way we do things here’; (2) allowing opt-in strategies for teachers when possible; (3) recognizing that implementation across classrooms and personnel will vary depending on individual contexts, beliefs, and experiences.
Front‐loading, Workplace Learning and Skill Development

© 2004 Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia Published by Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Oxford, UK EPAT ducational Philosophy and Theory 0013-1857 © 2004 Phi osophy of E ucation Society of Australasia November 2004 36 5 riginal Article Fr nt loading, W rk lace Learning and Skill Development Pa l Hager Front-loading, Workplace Learning and Skill Development
Whose Issue Is It Anyway? A New Look at the Meaning and Measurement of Issue Ownership

Versions of this question have been common in political surveys going back to the 1950s. And yet the empirical construct which motivates these questions, often called issue ownership, has only been studied directly in the past two decades. Petrocik coined the term and defined issue ownership as a product of the parties’ reputations for competence on an issue, and theorized that issue ownership is the primary driver of campaign issue emphasis. Subsequent researchers, particularly those working outside the US context, have suggested their own definitions of issue ownership. These alternative views propose different sources and implications for issue ownership, and so the question of how best to interpret voters’ evaluations of parties on issues remains quite open. Yet whether respondents’ answers to the traditional issue ownership survey question actually reflect any particular definition of the concept has rarely been tested, despite a wealth of research in recent years. Not only is this oversight troublesome in terms of understanding the data we collect, but the question of whether issue ownership stems from the parties’ reputations for competence, their histories of attention to issues, their policy positions, or something else is also critical to understanding the implications of the opinions being measured. In this Research Note, my aim is to help clear up this uncertainty by way of a survey experiment, conducted as part of the 2008 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES), testing three distinct wordings of the issue ownership survey question. The control group is presented with a traditional wording, while two treatment groups are asked to respond to alternative wordings giving specific criteria: the first cues respondents to evaluate the parties in terms of positions, while the second asks respondents to assess the parties’ competence explicitly. These criteria are based upon the classic dichotomy of looking at issues in terms of either positions or valence, and though these two alternatives do not directly map onto all of the proposed explanations for issue ownership, they do address the two most prominent views and serve to connect the issue ownership literature to the broader work on spatial models and issue voting.
Of Strategies and Structures: Motif-Based Fingerprinting Analysis of Online Reputation Networks

Reputation networks are an important building block of distributed systems whenever reliability of nodes is an issue. However, reputation ratings can easily be undercut: colluding nodes can spread good ratings for each other while third parties are hardly able to detect the fraud. There is strong analytical evidence that reputation networks cannot be constructed in a way to guarantee security. Consequently, only statistical approaches are promising. This work pursues a statistical approach inspired by the idea that colluding node's behavior changes the local structure of a reputation network. To measure these structural changes, we extend a graph analysis method originating from molecular biology and combine it with a machine learning approach to analyze fingerprints of node's interactions. We evaluate our method using an adaptive Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming system and show that a correct classification of up to 98% is possible.
Nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics of DNA

DNA is not only an essential object of study for biologists—it also raises very interesting questions for physicists. This paper discuss its nonlinear dynamics, its statistical mechanics, and one of the experiments that one can now perform at the level of a single molecule and which leads to a non-equilibrium transition at the molecular scale.After a review of experimental facts about DNA, we introduce simple models of the molecule and show how they lead to nonlinear localization phenomena that could describe some of the experimental observations. In a second step we analyse the thermal denaturation of DNA, i.e. the separation of the two strands using standard statistical physics tools as well as an analysis based on the properties of a single nonlinear excitation of the model. The last part discusses the mechanical opening of the DNA double helix, performed in single molecule experiments. We show how transition state theory combined with the knowledge of the equilibrium statistical physics of the system can be used to analyse the results.
Virtual Worlds Can Be Dangerous: Using Ready-Made Computer Simulations for Teaching International Relations†

Video games have become a hot topic in education. To their proponents, they enhance the interactive and active aspects of learning. In addition, mass-produced off-the-shelf video games promise a cheaper and more convenient approach to education, being quick and easy to set up, in contrast to the extensive time commitment that goes into designing a simulation from scratch. My paper uses an experience with Statecraft, a commercial off-the-shelf IR computer simulation tailored to the educational market, as a proxy to discuss the educational usefulness of commercial strategy video games in general. This experience recommends that we be cautious and reflective in the use of ready-made games for teaching. More to the point, it is still not clear which benefits, apart from convenience, commercial computer simulations bring to our classes that cannot also be provided by old-fashioned, low-tech customized simulations, whether designed by instructors or in collaboration with students.
Cryptanalysis of a new blind signature based on the DLP

In 2004, Lee et al.'s proposed a new untraceable blind signature based on discrete logarithm problem(DLP) in order to enhance the security of Carmenisch et al.'s scheme. However, we show there are three mistakes in Lee et al.'s paper:1. We prove that the cryptanalysis proposed by Lee et al. is improper and the Carmenisch et al.'s scheme does meet the property of untraceability; 2. Though Lee et al.'s new scheme is untraceable, the proof method of its untraceability is wrong. Furthermore, we give a formal proof; 3. The signature requester of Lee et al.'s scheme can obtain one-more valid signatres by performing only one round of the protocol, which violates an important security requirement of signatures. So Lee et al.'s scheme is insecurity and does not have any advantage.
The effect of community attachment on cultural festival visitors' satisfaction and future intentions

This paper explores the characteristics of multicultural festival visitors on the basis of their attachment to a certain culture or a cultural community, and examines the influences of this attachment on levels of overall satisfaction and future intentions. Two distinctive types of visitors to cultural festivals are recognised based on their attachment to the culture of the festival. A total of 420 valid questionnaires from three multicultural festivals in Korea were collected. This study found that community attachment, defined as an attachment to a certain culture or a cultural community, had significant impacts on intention to revisit and positive word-of-mouth (WOM). Visitors who are attached to an ethnic culture or a cultural community are more likely to revisit and spread positive WOM than people who are not attached. The paper concludes that community attachment influences cultural festival visitors' future intentions, and can be used as a predictor of the relationship between satisfaction and future intentions. From the results of the study, strategic marketing and management implications, based on community attachment, are suggested to increase repeat visitation and attract more visitors through positive WOM.