Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete Early Reversal of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Hyperintensities After Ischemic Stroke Is Mainly Limited to Small Embolic Lesions

Background and Purpose— Case reports have demonstrated complete early reversal of hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) after clinically diagnosed stroke. We aimed to investigate systematically the rate and characteristics of reversible diffusion hyperintensities (RDHs) in the first week after stroke. Methods— Patients with clinical diagnosis of an acute cerebrovascular event and evidence of ischemia on DWI were included. MRI scans were performed on admission, on the following day, and 4 to 7 days after onset of symptoms with DWI and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Baseline and follow-up DWIs were coregistered and examined for individual RDHs. Characteristics of patients and of hyperintensities associated with early reversal were identified. Results— We included 153 patients with a median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 4 (interquartile range, 2–8). In 3 patients (2%), MR images normalized completely. Thirty-seven patients (24%) displayed individual RDHs. Of 611 initial DWI hyperintensities, 97 (16%) reversed. Thirteen percent of the RDHs had corresponding abnormalities on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images at the third measurement. Median size of the RDHs was 0.029 mL (interquartile range, 0.013–0.055). RDHs were associated with a multiple infarct pattern (odds ratio, 22.1; 95% confidence interval, 4.5–109.7) and symptomatic carotid stenosis (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–21.5). Fifty-nine percent of the patients with RDHs had new additional lesions on follow-up DWI. RDHs were not associated with functional improvement on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Conclusions— In this population of mainly minor to moderate stroke patients, complete normalization of MR images was rare. Complete reversal of individual DWI hyperintensities was limited to very small lesions and mostly occurred in embolic stroke patients. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00715533.
Automatic differentiation as nonarchimedean analysis

It is shown how the techniques of automatic differentiation can be viewed in a broader context as an application of analysis on a nonarchimedean field. The rings used in automatic differentiation can be ordered in a natural way and form finite dimensional real algebras which contain infinitesimals. Some of these algebras can be extended to become a Cauchy-complete real-closed nonarchimedean field, which forms an infinite dimensional real vector space and is denoted by t. On this field, a calculus is developed. Rules of differentiation and certain fundamental theorems are discussed. A remarkable property of differentiation is that difference quotients with infinitely small differences yield the exact derivative up to an infinitely small error. This is of historical interest since it justifies the concept of derivatives as differential quotients. But it is also of practical relevance; it turns out that the algebraic operations used to compute derivatives in automatic differentiation are just'special cases of calculus concepts on t. The arithmetic on L can be implemented in programming languages, in particular if object oriented features exist, and should provide a useful data type for various applications.
Carbonate Steelmaking Slag to Manufacture Building Materials

Accelerated carbonation is a new technology of materials preparation, which may have potential for the treatment of industrial solid residues and the sequestration of CO2, an important greenhouse gas. In this study, accelerated carbonation was used to recycle steelmaking slag and sequestrate CO2 to manufacture building materials. The experimental results show that the strength of specimens increases along with the increase of carbonation degree. Moisture content, carbonation temperature and curing time have significant effects on the degree of carbonation, and carbonated specimens have larger weight increase and compressive strength increases under the condition of moisture content 12.6%，reaction time 117 min and reaction temperature 361 K. The SEM and XRD analyses indicate that dogtooth like CaCO3 crystals appear on the surface of carbonated aggregate specimens. Strength and soundness test shows that steelmaking slag building materials have higher strength and eligible soundness after accelerated carbonation.
On the Global Convergence of a Filter--SQP Algorithm

A mechanism for proving global convergence in SQP--filter methods for nonlinear programming (NLP) is described. Such methods are characterized by their use of the dominance concept of multiobjective optimization, instead of a penalty parameter whose adjustment can be problematic. The main point of interest is to demonstrate how convergence for NLP can be induced without forcing sufficient descent in a penalty-type merit function. The proof relates to a prototypical algorithm, within which is allowed a range of specific algorithm choices associated with the Hessian matrix representation, updating the trust region radius, and feasibility restoration.
Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions

Background and objectives: Despite reductions in prevalence in recent years, tobacco smoking remains one of the main preventable causes of ill-health and premature death worldwide. This paper reviews the extent and nature of harms caused by smoking, the benefits of stopping, patterns of smoking, psychological, pharmacological and social factors that contribute to uptake and maintenance of smoking, the effectiveness of population and individual level interventions aimed at combatting tobacco smoking, and the effectiveness of methods used to reduce the harm caused by continued use of tobacco or nicotine in some form. Results and conclusions: Smoking behaviour is maintained primarily by the positive and negative reinforcing properties of nicotine delivered rapidly in a way that is affordable and palatable, with the negative health consequences mostly being sufficiently uncertain and distant in time not to create sufficient immediate concern to deter the behaviour. Raising immediate concerns about smoking by tax increases, social marketing and brief advice from health professionals can increase the rate at which smokers try to stop. Providing behavioural and pharmacological support can improve the rate at which those quit attempts succeed. Implementing national programmes containing these components are effective in reducing tobacco smoking prevalence and reducing smoking-related death and disease.
Hecke Algebras of Classical Type and Their Representation Type

The purpose of this article is to determine the representation type for all of the Hecke algebras of classical type. To do this, we combine methods from our previous work, which is used to obtain information on their Gabriel quivers, and recent advances in the theory of finite‐dimensional algebras. The principal computation is for Hecke algebras of type B with two parameters. Then, we show that the representation type of Hecke algebras is governed by their Poincaré polynomials. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 20C08, 20G05, 33D80.
Preoperative nutritional evaluation as a prognostic tool for wound healing

In 170 patients given primary hip or knee joint prosthesis surgery, we determined the relation between variables connected with the preoperative nutritional state and delayed healing of the surgical wound. 46 patients had a lymphocyte count of less than 1500 cells/mm 3 (normal 1500-3300 cell/mm 3 ), 18 an albumin level of less than 3.5 g/dL (normal 3.5-5 gr/dL), and 35 patients had a transferrin level of less than 200 mg/dL (normal 200-400 mg/dL). We found an association between the preoperative lymphocyte count and delay in wound healing, whereas preoperative serum albumin and transferrin levels had no significant predictive value. In addition, a preoperative lymphocyte count of less than 1500 cells/mm 3 was associated with a 3 times higher frequency of healing complications.
Thrombin Generation in Plasma: Its Assessment Via the Endogenous Thrombin Potential

Thrombin generation is a pivotal function of plasma in haemostasis and thrombosis. Its mechanism is essentially the classical cascade, the velocity of which is governed by the availability of factors Va and VIIIa and that is confined to the surface of the procoagulant membranes which appear at the site of injury. There is no routine test that quantitatively renders the thrombin forming capacity of a plasma sample. Clotting times (PT-prothrombin time, APTT-activated partial tromboplastin time) do not reflect the over all thrombin generation and are insensitive to hypercoagulative states. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), i.e. the area under the thrombin generation curve, better represents this function. We developed a method to assess the ETP in the routine laboratory. The first results suggest that it is a sensitive indicator for every form of anticoagulation. It is increased in hypercoagulable states thus far studied, both congenital and acquired and can be designed to indicate deficiencies in protein C and S and APC (activated protein C) resistance.
An OFDMA-based optical access network architecture exhibiting ultra-high capacity and wireline-wireless convergence

This article presents ACCORDANCE, a novel optical access network architecture based on OFDMA technology and applied on a PON topology. In compliance with next generation optical access requirements, this architecture aims to outperform existing PON solutions in terms of total capacity, bandwidth allocation flexibility, number of users, and network reach. Moreover, it provides the opportunity for convergence with wireless technologies and a smooth migration path from legacy access solutions like TDMA-PONs and DSL.
Study of irreversible thermochromic ink application on textiles

In the development of new products or new applications of known products, investigations have to be carried out concerning the choice of the kind of thermochromic matter, support, application form, concerning the evolution of colour change and stability versus imposed external parameters. The present paper studies the application of an irreversible thermochromic ink for the development of new high added value textiles, which may be prone to applications such as plasma treatments at low pressure. The optimum application conditions of the ink and the best colour response on different fabrics was investigated. Progressive heating of the fabrics produced increasingly more intense magenta colour which was studied by spectrophotometry. The different results obtained were discussed in terms of the interactions between chemical groups of the fibres and those of the binder of the ink formulation. The combined effect of low pressures and high temperatures was investigated, revealing that only very thin layers of the ink paste on the textile substrates are appropriate for such applications.
Mechanical Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cements (CPC) for Bone Substitution: Influence of Fabrication and Microstructure

Calcium phosphate cements have been widely used in medical and dental applications for decades. However, their intrinsic high brittleness and low strength prohibit their use in many stress-bearing locations, which would require an improvement in mechanical properties. The influence of microstructural parameters on the latter have nevertheless barely been investigated in a systematic manner. Furthermore, due to their inferior reproducibility which is sensitive to the variations introduced during the preparation and the way they are measured, mechanical properties of CPC cannot simply be characterized using mean values, but request a more reliable method. In this aim, apatite cements have been fabricated by mixing liquid and powders based on α-TCP (α-tricalcium phosphate), and their mechanical properties have been measured (Young’s modulus, fracture toughness, compressive strength and flexural strength) in wet environment as a function of various parameters (liquid-to-powder ratio; amount and morphology of porosity, including macropores created by porogens). The reliability of compressive strength of CPC is analysed using Weibull statistics. The above results indicate that fabrication and microstructural features of CPC significantly influence their mechanical properties.
Harm perception, attitudes and predictors of waterpipe (shisha) smoking among secondary school adolescents in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence and social determinants of waterpipe (WP) smoking among secondary school students in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to assess their health related knowledge and attitudes toward WP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,652 Saudi secondary school students of both genders aged between 15-19 years selected by multistage sampling method. A self-administered anonymous Arabic version of Global Youth Tobacco Survey modified with items dedicated to WP smoking and to assess perception of health related hazards and attitudes towards WP was employed for data collection. RESULTS Prevalence of current smokers 'all forms' was 30.3% among males (C.I= 27.5- 33.2%) and 8.5% in females (C.I= 6.6-10.9%). WP was used by 53.9% of the current tobacco users, significantly higher among older age students. Of the regular WP smokers, 20.7% smoked WP on daily basis, 23.8% weekly, 64.2% stated using flavored " Muassel " tobacco. Primary motives for WP smoking were outings with friends, company, boredom and wasting time. Of the total, 49.7% of students stated that WP smoking is less harmful than cigarettes, 60.5% believed that harmful substances were purified through water filtration, with non-addictive properties in 67.8%. Knowledge about health hazards of WP smoking was low, irrespective of student's smoking status. WP smoking is more socially acceptable than cigarettes (52.1%), represents a good opportunity for gathering of friends and family (33.8%), and smoking of WP can relieve stress and tensions (37.8%). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that socializing motives, cigarette smoking, smoking among close family and friends, male gender and increasing age were positive predictors for WP smoking. CONCLUSION Social acceptability, poor knowledge of WP health related hazards and certain socio demographics are favoring the increasing current trend of WP use among adolescents in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia.
Predictive direct control of doubly fed induction generator for grid synchronization in wind power generation

Predictive direct control has been proposed and well developed because of its combination of simplicity and excellent steady-state and transient performance. This paper presents a predictive direct control strategy of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for grid synchronization. In no-load mode, predictive direct virtual torque control (PDVTC) is employed to meet the grid synchronization conditions. In grid-connected mode, the stator is connected to the grid, predictive direct power control (PDPC) is utilized with the purpose of flexible active and reactive power regulation. Furthermore, a rotor position sensorless scheme is proposed to make the control structure simpler during the grid synchronization process. The whole system is very simple and robust while the smooth and fast grid synchronization is achieved.
Feasibility of Psychosocial Distress Screening and Management Program for Hospitalized Cancer Patients

Objective Although the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is associated with psychosocial distress, routine distress screening is difficult in hospitalized oncology settings. We developed a consecutive screening program for psychosocial distress to promote psychiatric treatment of cancer patients and evaluated the feasibility of our program by Distress Thermometer (DT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Methods Among 777 cancer inpatients recruited from the Catholic Comprehensive Institute of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 499 agreed to complete primary distress screening through DT. We conducted secondary distress screening through HADS in 229 patients who had high scores of DT. Results Of the 499 participants, 270 patients with low scores of DT were included in the distress education program. 229 patients with high scores of DT received secondary distress screening through HADS. Among 115 patients with low scores of HADS, 111 patients received distress management. Among 114 patients with high scores in the secondary distress screening, 38 patients received psychiatric consultation service whereas 76 patients refused psychiatric consultation. Conclusion Using consecutive screening for psychosocial distress appeared to be feasible in an inpatient oncology setting. Nevertheless, the low participation rate of psychiatric consultation service in cancer patients with high distress level should be improved.
MOUND SOIL AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

Mound soils from some habitats of a common tropical species of termites were investigated with a view to the possibility of utilizing such soils for construction. The research program that comprises the evaluation of the geotechnical properties of the soil and a study of the compressive strength of mortar and concrete specimens containing mound soil showed that the soil could be used as an additive to enhance the strength of both mortar and concrete. Inclusion of mound soil in mortar matrix resulted in a compressive strength value of up to 40.08 N/mm2, and addition of 5% of mound soil to a concrete mix of 1:2:4:0.56 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water) resulted in an increase of up to 20.35% in compressive strength.
Minimum cost wireless broadband overlay network planning

Wireless broadband networks, especially WiMAX networks, have emerged in the industry recently and many challenging research issues arise. In this paper, we proposed a heuristic clustering algorithm for minimum cost wireless broadband overlay network deployment Moreover, we also modified and implemented two heuristic algorithms based on classic linear programming based capacitated facility location algorithms. We analyzed the theoretical worst-case performance ratio of our algorithm and our numerical results showed that our algorithm performs much better in practical network settings
To study the thermoelectric properties of low dimensional structures

In this paper we have shown that a finite acoustic mismatch between structure and barrier materials in low-dimensional structures leads to the acoustic phonon confinement, which in its turn brings about a corresponding decrease of the phonon groups velocity and modification of the phonon density of states. These factors contribute to the reduction of the in-plane lattice thermal conductivity, thus allowing one to increase the thermoelectric figure of merit. Results of experimental study of confined acoustic phonons in single Si thin films and Si/Ge superlattices are also reported High-resolution Raman spectroscopy of ultra-thin silicon-on-insulator structures reveals multiple peaks in the spectral range from 50 cm−1 to 160 cm−1. The peak position are consistent with the theoretical predictions and indicate the confined nature of phonon transport in thin films and superlattices with a finite acoustic mismatch between layers. This opens up a novel tuning capability for optimization of the thermoelectric pro.
Human hematopoietic precursors in long-term culture: single CD34+ cells that lack detectable T cell, B cell, and myeloid cell antigens produce multiple colony-forming cells when cultured with marrow stromal cells

CD34+ human marrow cells not expressing T cell-, B cell-, and myeloid cell-associated antigens (TBM-) were cloned by two-color cell sorting into culture wells containing irradiated marrow stromal cells. After 4 wk of culture, 3.7 +/- 2.1% of these cells generated colony-forming cells (CFC), with each of these cells generating 6.3 +/- 5.3 CFC. This was not due to the 0.5 +/- 0.5% CFC present in the purified CD34+ TBM- cells, as less than 1% of CFC persist in these cultures. This is the first demonstration that single immature precursor cells in human long- term cultures generate multiple CFC progeny. The immature nature of these clonable CD34+ TBM- precursors suggests their candidate status as human hematopoietic stem cells.
Laser Cutting of Triangular Geometry into Alumina Tiles: Morphological Changes and Thermal Stress Analysis

Laser cutting of triangular geometry into 5-mm-thick alumina tile is carried out. Temperature and stress fields are predicted by using ABAQUS finite element code in line with the experimental conditions. Experiments are carried out to validate the predictions of temperature and the residual stress in the cutting section. Thermocouples are incorporated in temperature measurements while X-ray diffraction technique is accommodated to obtain the residual stress at the kerf surface. The morphological changes in the cutting section are examined by using optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It is found that temperature and residual stress predictions agree well with their counterparts obtained from the experiments. The optical and SEM micrographs reveal that the cut sections are free from large size defects such as large-scale cracks and sideways burnings. The maximum value of von Mises stress occurs at the mid-thickness of the workpiece due to the formation of high magnitude of thermally induced strain in this region.
Structure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of organosilicate glass thin films

Organosilicate glass (OSG) thin films with low permittivity made by means of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition are the inter-metal insulator in advanced integrated circuits. These materials are employed to reduce the interconnect delay and power consumption associated with the inter-line capacitance. However the implementation of OSG is hampered by its poor mechanical properties and susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking. In this work, we present a study of the structure evolution of OSG under various processing conditions, as well as the impact of structure and environment on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior. We will show that the composition and structure of OSG can be finely tuned by changing the parameters during film deposition or post-treatments. Adding carbon content in the film lowers the density and reduces the dielectric constant, accompanied by a decrease of the network connectivity. Ultravioletcure is very effective in crosslinking and stabilizing the network structure without causing significant increase in permittivity. With the assist of a structure model, we determined the infrared absorption inverse cross-sections that may be used to analyze infrared spectra of other OSG films. The mechanical properties of OSG are very sensitive to the network structure. Both the mean connectivity number and networking bond density correlate well with mechanical properties. The comparison of cohesive and adhesion energies reveals that plasma treatments substantially enhance the adhesion. However, the enhancement diminishes when the films are exposed to reactive environments. Our study shows that the adhesion energy at given crack velocity changes linearly with the logarithm of the water partial pressure in ambient, or with pH value in aqueous environment. On the other hand, water degrades the electrical property and adhesion when absorbed. We found that the water diffusion in OSG film stacks is very fast, reversible under mild annealing; and the activation energy is low (~0.27 eV), consistent with an interfacial diffusion process. These findings can be applied to assess the reliability of OSG-containing thin film structures in microelectronics.