Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic refinement of patent queries using concept importance predictors

Patent prior art queries are full patent applications which are much longer than standard web search topics. Such queries are composed of hundreds of terms and do not represent a focused information need. One way to make the queries more focused is to select a group of key terms as representatives. Existing works show that such a selection to reduce patent queries is a challenging task mainly because of the presence of ambiguous terms. Given this setup, we present a query modeling approach where we utilize patent-specific characteristics to generate more precise queries. We propose to automatically disambiguate query terms by employing noun phrases that are extracted using the global analysis of the patent collection. We further introduce a method for predicting whether expansion using noun phrases would improve the retrieval effectiveness. Our experiments show that we can obtain almost 20% improvement by performing query expansion using the true importance of the noun phrase queries. Based on this observation, we introduce various features that can be used to estimate the importance of the noun phrase query. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method on the patent prior art search collection CLEF-IP 2010. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed features make good predictors of the noun phrase importance, and selective application of noun phrase queries using the importance predictors outperforms existing query generation methods.
Identification of a gain-of-function mutation of the prolactin receptor in women with benign breast tumors

There is currently no known genetic disease linked to prolactin (Prl) or its receptor (PrlR) in humans. Given the essential role of this hormonal system in breast physiology, we reasoned that genetic anomalies of Prl/PrlR genes may be related to the occurrence of breast diseases with high proliferative potential. Multiple fibroadenomas (MFA) are benign breast tumors which appear most frequently in young women, including at puberty, when Prl has well-recognized proliferative actions on the breast. In a prospective study involving 74 MFA patients and 170 control subjects, we identified four patients harboring a heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 6 of the PrlR gene, encoding Ile146→Leu substitution in its extracellular domain. This sole substitution was sufficient to confer constitutive activity to the receptor variant (PrlRI146L), as assessed in three reconstituted cell models (Ba/F3, HEK293 and MCF-7 cells) by Prl-independent (i) PrlR tyrosine phosphorylation, (ii) activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, (iii) transcriptional activity toward a Prl-responsive reporter gene, and (iv) cell proliferation and protection from cell death. Constitutive activity of PrlRI146L in the breast sample from a patient was supported by increased STAT5 signaling. This is a unique description of a functional mutation of the PrlR associated with a human disease. Hallmarks of constitutive activity were all reversed by a specific PrlR antagonist, which opens potential therapeutic approaches for MFA, or any other disease that could be associated with this mutation in future.
Processes and Threads 2.1 What Are Processes and Threads? 2.1.1 Processes Provide Context

A process is an instance of an application execution. It encapsulates the environment seen by the application being run — essentially providing it with a sort of virtual machine. Thus a process can be said to be an abstraction of the computer. The application may be a program written by a user, or a system application. Users may run many instances of the same application at the same time, or run many different applications. Each such running application is a process. The process only exists for the duration of executing the application. A thread is part of a process. In particular, it represents the actual flow of the computation being done. Thus each process must have at least one thread. But mul-tithreading is also possible, where several threads execute within the context of the same process, by running different instructions from the same application. To read more: All operating system textbooks contain extensive discussions of processes, e.g. Stallings chapters 3 and 9 [15] and Silberschatz and Galvin chapters 4 and 5 [14]. In general, Stallings is more detailed. We will point out specific references for each topic. A process, being an abstraction of the computer, is largely defined by: • Its CPU state (register values). • Its address space (memory contents). • Its environment (as reflected in operating system tables). Each additional level gives a wider context for the computation.
Group Mobility Support Protocol for Mobile Sinks Based on Grid Clusters in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, many studies on data dissemination to individual mobile sinks traditionally rely on a strategy that consists of a virtual infrastructure to serve current location of the mobile sinks and a per-sink foot-print chaining mechanism to support local mobility after location update. To adapt the strategy for supporting mobile sink groups, it may be simply considered to exploit a representative per a mobile sink group in order to representatively register location of the mobile sink group and representatively make a foot-print chain of the sink group. However, the representative manner may lead to considerable problems with respect to efficiency and robustness of data dissemination: inefficient data collection problem, needless location update problem, and relay path loss problem. These problems could be caused from dependency between the group and the representative, i.e. a member sink. Therefore, we propose a novel protocol for data dissemination decoupled with any member sink of a mobile sink group. In order to independently deal with a mobile sink group, the protocol is composed of three major mechanisms: 1) representative location update, 2) distributed data collection, and 3) per-group foot-print chaining.
Mechanizing the Metatheory of Standard ML ∗

We present an internal language with equivalent expressive power to Standard ML, and discuss its formalization in LF and the machine-checked veriﬁcation of its type safety in Twelf. The internal language is intended to serve as the target of elaboration in an elaborative semantics for Stan- dard ML in the style of Harper and Stone. Therefore, it includes all the programming mechanisms necessary to im- plement Standard ML, including translucent modules, abstraction, polymorphism, higher kinds, references, excep- tions, recursive types, and recursive functions. Our successful formalization of the proof involved a careful interplay between the precise formulations of the various mechanisms, and required the invention of new representation and proof techniques of general interest.
A survey of techniques for warp scheduling in GPUs

The heterogeneous nature of Graphics processor unit (GPU) - CPU makes it a candidate for coming exascale systems. The cores of GPGPU-which is a cost-effective computing platform-are characterized by long periods of inactive times, which results in the underutilization of the hardware resources. This is due to several factors like the limitation of on-chip memory and register files, the inefficient scheduling mechanisms, and communication bottlenecks GPU - CPU communication. In order to counteract the underutilization of recourses, certain techniques have been proposed. In this research, many architectural and system-level techniques aiming to manage and fully leverage GPU resources are surveyed, compared and evaluated. Also, the significance and challenges of warp scheduler in GPUs are thoroughly discussed. The main purpose of this paper is to provide researchers an insight into warp scheduler techniques for GPUs, as well as motivate them to present more efficient methods for enhance performance via improve thread scheduler in future GPUs.
Fast L1-NMF for Multiple Parametric Model Estimation

In this work we introduce a comprehensive algorithmic pipeline for multiple parametric model estimation. The proposed approach analyzes the information produced by a random sampling algorithm (e.g., RANSAC) from a machine learning/optimization perspective, using a \textit{parameterless} biclustering algorithm based on L1 nonnegative matrix factorization (L1-NMF). The proposed framework exploits consistent patterns that naturally arise during the RANSAC execution, while explicitly avoiding spurious inconsistencies. Contrarily to the main trends in the literature, the proposed technique does not impose non-intersecting parametric models. A new accelerated algorithm to compute L1-NMFs allows to handle medium-sized problems faster while also extending the usability of the algorithm to much larger datasets. This accelerated algorithm has applications in any other context where an L1-NMF is needed, beyond the biclustering approach to parameter estimation here addressed. We accompany the algorithmic presentation with theoretical foundations and numerous and diverse examples.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity in three Kazakh Sheep using 12 Microsatellites

The genetic structure of three Kazakh sheep breeds was examined by using 12 microsatellite loci. A total of 144 alleles were detected from the 12 STR loci, with a mean value of 12.0. The highest allele diversity was found at the locus CSRD247 (16 alleles). PIC value showed that all studied STR markers are more informative and appropriate for genetic analysis of three Kazakh sheep populations. Beside of INRA006, all markers had high level of genetic variability. As Fixation index shows, the excess of the heterozygosity was observed only in loci MAF065. Obtained number of private alleles in Edilbai, Kazakh Arkhar Merino and Kazakh Fine-wool sheep were 25, 17 and 15 respectively. Genetic diversity was higher in Edilbai population than in other two populations. The genetic variability was lower in Kazakh Arkhar Merino sheep than in the Edilbai and Kazakh Fine-wool sheep breeds. The genetic distance was the largest between Edilbai and Kazakh Arkhar Merinos. Also, the moderate differentiation was observed between Edilbai and Kazakh Arkhar Merinos.
Single-molecule tracking in live cells reveals distinct target-search strategies of transcription factors in the nucleus

Gene regulation relies on transcription factors (TFs) exploring the nucleus searching their targets. So far, most studies have focused on how fast TFs diffuse, underestimating the role of nuclear architecture. We implemented a single-molecule tracking assay to determine TFs dynamics. We found that c-Myc is a global explorer of the nucleus. In contrast, the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb is a local explorer that oversamples its environment. Consequently, each c-Myc molecule is equally available for all nuclear sites while P-TEFb reaches its targets in a position-dependent manner. Our observations are consistent with a model in which the exploration geometry of TFs is restrained by their interactions with nuclear structures and not by exclusion. The geometry-controlled kinetics of TFs target-search illustrates the influence of nuclear architecture on gene regulation, and has strong implications on how proteins react in the nucleus and how their function can be regulated in space and time. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.02230. 001
Resource allocation and management in DiffServ networks for IP telephony

This paper discusses resource allocation and management in Differentia ted Services (DiffServ) networks, particularly in the context of IP telephony. We assume that each node uses Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) schedulers in order to provide Quality of Service (QoS) to aggregates of traffic. All voice traffic destined for a certain output interface is aggregated into a single queue. When a voice flow traverses a node, its packets are placed in this queue; which is drained at a certain rate, determined by a weight associated with that queue. This paper shows how to set this weight such that the edge-router-to-edge-router queuing delay in the DiffServ network is statistically bounded. The nodes are modeled as M/G/1 queuing systems and a heuristic formula is used to compute a quantile of the queuing delay. This formula is compared with results derived from simulations. It is also shown how to use this result to allocate the appropriate resources in a DiffServ network and how to update and process RSVP messages at the edge of a DiffServ network in an IntServ over DiffServ scenario.
Percepciones sobre el significado emocional y las lenguas preferidas para tratar temas emocionales en hablantes bilingües y multilingües

espanolEl objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las percepciones de hablantes bilingues y multilingues sobre el significado emocional de las lenguas que hablan y la lengua preferida para tratar temas emocionales.Se conto con 40 informantes de nacionalidadesvariadas, en su mayoria hablantes de tres lenguas, y se empleo el cuestionario The Bilingualism and EmotionsQuestionnairepara obtener informacion sobre sus percepciones en relacion con la lengua y el lenguaje emocional. Los resultados mostraron que la primera lengua se percibe como la lengua con mayor peso emocional, aunque dicho peso parece estar ligado a factores como el contexto de adquisicion y uso de la lengua y las experiencias vitales y oportunidades de interaccion que se tiene con una lengua y no con otra. En cuanto a la dificultad que supone hablar de temas emocionales en lenguas diferentes a la primera, la gran mayoria de los informantes atribuyo dicha dificultad a la falta de vocabulario, los conocimientos del interlocutor y los malentendidos que se puedan crear, asi como a la mayor emocionalidad de la primera lengua. EnglishThe aim of the presentstudy was to analyse the perceptions ofbilingual andmultilingual speakers regarding the emotional weightof their languages and the preferred language to talk about emotional topics. Forty participants from different linguistic backgrounds, most of them speakers of three languages, completed The Bilingualism and EmotionsQuestionnaire, which allowed to collect data relatedtotheirlanguages and their perceived emotionality. The results revealed that first language is perceived as the one with the greatest emotional weight, although this emotional superiority seems to be linked to factors such as the context of language acquisition and use,and life experiences and opportunities for interaction using a certain language. Moreover, the difficulty in talking about emotional topics in languages other than the first language was attributed to the lack of vocabulary, linguistic knowledge (not) shared with the interlocutor and misunderstandings that may arise, as well as to the greater emotionality of the first language.
Code-Aided Channel Tracking and Decoding Over Sparse Fast-Fading Multipath Channels With an Application to Train Backbone Networks

In a fast-fading environment, e.g., high-speed railway communications, channel estimation and tracking require the availability of a number of pilot symbols that is at least as large as the number of independent channel parameters. Aiming at reducing the number of necessary pilot symbols, this work proposes a novel technique for joint channel tracking and decoding, which is based on the following three ideas. 1) Sparsity: While the total number of channel parameters to be estimated is large, the actual number of independent multipath components is generally small; 2) Long-term versus short-term channel parameters: Each multipath component is typically characterized by long-term parameters that slowly change with respect to the duration of a transmission time slot, such as delays or average power values, and by fast-varying fading amplitudes; and 3) Code-aided methods: Decision-feedback techniques can optimally leverage past, and partially reliable, decisions on the data symbols to obtain “virtual” pilots via the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed code-aided EM algorithm is effective in performing joint channel tracking and decoding even for velocities as high as 350 km/h, as in high-speed railway communications, and with as few as four pilots per orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing data symbol, as in the IEEE 802.11a/n/p standards, outperforming existing schemes at the cost of larger computational complexity.
Reasoning about constitutive norms in BDI agents

Software agents can be members of different institutions along their life; they might even belong to different institutions simultaneously. For these reasons, agents need capabilities that allow them to determine the repercussion that their actions would have within the different institutions. This association between the physical word, in which agents' interactions and actions take place, and the institutional world is defined by means of constitutive norms. Currently, the problem of how agents reason about constitutive norms has been tackled from a theoretical perspective only. Thus, there is a lack of more practical proposals that allow the development of software agents capable of reasoning about constitutive norms. In this article we propose an information model, knowledge representation and an inference mechanism to enable Belief-Desire-Intention agents to reason about the consequences of their actions on the institutions and making decisions accordingly. Specifically, the information model, knowledge representation and inference mechanism proposed in this article allows agents to keep track of the institutional state given that they have a physical presence in some real-world environment. Agents have a limited and not fully believable knowledge of the physical world (i.e. they are placed in an uncertain environment). Therefore, our proposal also deals with the uncertainty of the environment. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Recursive Inverse Dynamics of Mobile Multibody Systems With Joints and Wheels

This paper is related to the inverse-dynamic modeling of mobile multibody systems articulated with joints and wheels. An easily-implementable algorithm, which is based on Newton-Euler (NE) recursive dynamics, is proposed. From imposed joint and/or actuated-wheel motions, the algorithm performs fast calculations of the control torques, as well as the overall rigid motions involved in locomotion tasks. The engineering applications include tree-like mobile manipulators, satellite-reorientation systems, and modular robots, such as snake-like robots, eel-like robots, and a snakeboard.
A NoSQL-SQL Hybrid Organization and Management Approach for Real-Time Geospatial Data: A Case Study of Public Security Video Surveillance

With the widespread deployment of ground, air and space sensor sources (internet of things or IoT, social networks, sensor networks), the integrated applications of real-time geospatial data from ubiquitous sensors, especially in public security and smart city domains, are becoming challenging issues. The traditional geographic information system (GIS) mostly manages time-discretized geospatial data by means of the Structured Query Language (SQL) database management system (DBMS) and emphasizes query and retrieval of massive historical geospatial data on disk. This limits its capability for on-the-fly access of real-time geospatial data for online analysis in real time. This paper proposes a hybrid database organization and management approach with SQL relational databases (RDB) and not only SQL (NoSQL) databases (including the main memory database, MMDB, and distributed files system, DFS). This hybrid approach makes full use of the advantages of NoSQL and SQL DBMS for the real-time access of input data and structured on-the-fly analysis results which can meet the requirements of increased spatio-temporal big data linking analysis. The MMDB facilitates real-time access of the latest input data such as the sensor web and IoT, and supports the real-time query for online geospatial analysis. The RDB stores change information such as multi-modal features and abnormal events extracted from real-time input data. The DFS on disk manages the massive geospatial data, and the extensible storage architecture and distributed scheduling of a NoSQL database satisfy the performance requirements of incremental storage and multi-user concurrent access. A case study of geographic video (GeoVideo) surveillance of public security is presented to prove the feasibility of this hybrid organization and management approach.
Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States.

CONTEXT Major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of mortality among US Hispanic and Latino individuals. Comprehensive data are limited regarding the prevalence of CVD risk factors in this population and relations of these traits to socioeconomic status (SES) and acculturation. OBJECTIVES To describe prevalence of major CVD risk factors and CVD (coronary heart disease [CHD] and stroke) among US Hispanic/Latino individuals of different backgrounds, examine relationships of SES and acculturation with CVD risk profiles and CVD, and assess cross-sectional associations of CVD risk factors with CVD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, prospective, population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos including individuals of Cuban (n = 2201), Dominican (n = 1400), Mexican (n = 6232), Puerto Rican (n = 2590), Central American (n = 1634), and South American backgrounds (n = 1022) aged 18 to 74 years. Analyses involved 15,079 participants with complete data enrolled between March 2008 and June 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adverse CVD risk factors defined using national guidelines for hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and smoking. Prevalence of CHD and stroke were ascertained from self-reported data. RESULTS Age-standardized prevalence of CVD risk factors varied by Hispanic/Latino background; obesity and current smoking rates were highest among Puerto Rican participants (for men, 40.9% and 34.7%; for women, 51.4% and 31.7%, respectively); hypercholesterolemia prevalence was highest among Central American men (54.9%) and Puerto Rican women (41.0%). Large proportions of participants (80% of men, 71% of women) had at least 1 risk factor. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of 3 or more risk factors was highest in Puerto Rican participants (25.0%) and significantly higher (P < .001) among participants with less education (16.1%), those who were US-born (18.5%), those who had lived in the United States 10 years or longer (15.7%), and those who preferred English (17.9%). Overall, self-reported CHD and stroke prevalence were low (4.2% and 2.0% in men; 2.4% and 1.2% in women, respectively). In multivariate-adjusted models, hypertension and smoking were directly associated with CHD in both sexes as were hypercholesterolemia and obesity in women and diabetes in men (odds ratios [ORs], 1.5-2.2). For stroke, associations were positive with hypertension in both sexes, diabetes in men, and smoking in women (ORs, 1.7-2.6). CONCLUSION Among US Hispanic/Latino adults of diverse backgrounds, a sizeable proportion of men and women had adverse major risk factors; prevalence of adverse CVD risk profiles was higher among participants with Puerto Rican background, lower SES, and higher levels of acculturation.