Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Transport Triggered Architectures for Embedded Processor Design

In this paper we propose the usage of Transport Triggered Architectures (TTAs) as a template for the design of application specific processors. TTAs can be compared to VLIWs (Very Long Instruction Word processors); both exploit the instruction level parallelism available at compile-time. However, TTAs are programmed differently. TTAs combine a set of interesting features; apart from being fully programmable, they have favorable scaling characteristics, they easily incorporate arbitrary functionality, and their organization is well structured, allowing easy and automatic design. The paper explains these features. Based on this template a set of design tools has been developed; they include a parallelizing C/C++ compiler which exploits the available processor and application concurrency, aprocessor generator, simulators, profilers, and a tool for architecture exploration; these tools are integrated within a graphical user interface. In the paper we briefly describe these tools and demonstrate how they can be applied to a particular application. This example application is taken from the image processing area. It will be shown how the tools assist in exploring many solutions, including those which incorporate application specific functionality.
Design Overview Of Processor Based Implantable Pacemaker

Implantable pacemaker is a battery operated real time embedded system, which includes software/hardware codesign strategy. As it is placed within the heart by surgery, battery life is an important constraint to extend device lifetime. In this paper, pacemaker’s functionalities like basic pacing, pulse width, refractory period in VOO mode has been realized using ultralow power processor MSP 430F1611 and IAR workbench. Software related instruction level instantaneous current is measured and Current/Energy performance, battery longevity is tested. It is verified that, change in pure cost and interinstruction cost (current/Energy) varies from 2.0 to 3.0 %. This methodology seems to be an innovative concept in software related energy estimation of such power critical real time system.
Information Fusion in Visual-Task Inference

Eye movement is a rich modality that can provide us with a window into a person's mind. In a typical human-human interaction, we can get information about the behavioral state of the others by examining their eye movements. For instance, when a poker player looks into the eyes of his opponent, he looks for any indication of bluffing by verifying the dynamics of the eye movements. However, the information extracted from the eyes is not the only source of information we get in a human-human interaction and other modalities, such as speech or gesture, help us infer the behavioral state of the others. Most of the time this fusion of information refines our decisions and helps us better infer people's cognitive and behavioral activity based on their actions. In this paper, we develop a probabilistic framework to fuse different sources of information to infer the ongoing task in a visual search activity given the viewer's eye movement data. We propose to use a dynamic programming method called token passing in an eye-typing application to reveal what the subject is typing during a search process by observing his direction of gaze during the execution of the task. Token passing is a computationally simple technique that allows us to fuse higher order constraints in the inference process and build models dynamically so we can have unlimited number of hypotheses. In the experiments we examine the effect of higher order information, in the form of a lexicon dictionary, on the task recognition accuracy.
Marine Biodiversity of Aotearoa New Zealand

The marine-biodiversity assessment of New Zealand (Aotearoa as known to Māori) is confined to the 200 nautical-mile boundary of the Exclusive Economic Zone, which, at 4.2 million km2, is one of the largest in the world. It spans 30° of latitude and includes a high diversity of seafloor relief, including a trench 10 km deep. Much of this region remains unexplored biologically, especially the 50% of the EEZ deeper than 2,000 m. Knowledge of the marine biota is based on more than 200 years of marine exploration in the region. The major oceanographic data repository is the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), which is involved in several Census of Marine Life field projects and is the location of the Southwestern Pacific Regional OBIS Node; NIWA is also data manager and custodian for fisheries research data owned by the Ministry of Fisheries. Related data sources cover alien species, environmental measures, and historical information. Museum collections in New Zealand hold more than 800,000 registered lots representing several million specimens. During the past decade, 220 taxonomic specialists (85 marine) from 18 countries have been engaged in a project to review New Zealand's entire biodiversity. The above-mentioned marine information sources, published literature, and reports were scrutinized to give the results summarized here for the first time (current to 2010), including data on endemism and invasive species. There are 17,135 living species in the EEZ. This diversity includes 4,315 known undescribed species in collections. Species diversity for the most intensively studied phylum-level taxa (Porifera, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Kinorhyncha, Echinodermata, Chordata) is more or less equivalent to that in the ERMS (European Register of Marine Species) region, which is 5.5 times larger in area than the New Zealand EEZ. The implication is that, when all other New Zealand phyla are equally well studied, total marine diversity in the EEZ may be expected to equal that in the ERMS region. This equivalence invites testable hypotheses to explain it. There are 177 naturalized alien species in New Zealand coastal waters, mostly in ports and harbours. Marine-taxonomic expertise in New Zealand covers a broad number of taxa but is, proportionately, at or near its lowest level since the Second World War. Nevertheless, collections are well supported by funding and are continually added to. Threats and protection measures concerning New Zealand's marine biodiversity are commented on, along with potential and priorities for future research.
Multinomial Self Organizing Maps

Co-occurrence data matrices arise frequently in various important applications such as a document clustering. By considering a multinomial mixture model, we present a new probabilistic Self-Organizing Map (SOM) for clustering and visualizing this kind of data. Contrary to SOM, our proposed learning algorithm optimizes an objective function. Its performances are evaluated by using Monte Carlo simulations and real datasets.
Volumetric rendering techniques for scientific visualization (Bilimsel görüntüleme için hacim boyama yöntemleri)

VOLUMETRIC RENDERING TECHNIQUES FOR SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION Erhan Okuyan Ph.D. in Computer Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ugur Gudukbay June, 2014 Direct volume rendering is widely used in many applications where the inside of a transparent or a partially transparent material should be visualized. We have explored several aspects of the problem. First, we proposed a view-dependent selective refinement scheme in order to reduce the high computational requirements without affecting the image quality significantly. Then, we explored the parallel implementations of direct volume rendering: both on GPU and on multi-core systems. Finally, we used direct volume rendering approaches to create a tool, MaterialVis, to visualize amorphous and/or crystalline materials. Visualization of large volumetric datasets has always been an important problem. Due to the high computational requirements of volume-rendering techniques, achieving interactive rates is a real challenge. We present a selective refinement scheme that dynamically refines the mesh according to the camera parameters. This scheme automatically determines the impact of different parts of the mesh on the output image and refines the mesh accordingly, without needing any user input. The viewdependent refinement scheme uses a progressive mesh representation that is based on an edge collapse-based tetrahedral mesh simplification algorithm. We tested our view-dependent refinement framework on an existing state-of-the-art volume renderer. Thanks to low overhead dynamic view-dependent refinement, we achieve interactive frame rates for rendering common datasets at decent image resolutions. Achieving interactive rates for direct volume rendering of large unstructured volumetric grids is a challenging problem, but parallelizing direct volume rendering algorithms can help achieve this goal. Using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), we propose a GPU-based volume rendering algorithm that itself is based on a cell projection-based ray-casting algorithm designed for CPU implementations. We also propose a multi-core parallelized version of the cell-projection algorithm using iv
Scaffolds in regenerative endodontics: A review

Root canal therapy has enabled us to save numerous teeth over the years. The most desired outcome of endodontic treatment would be when diseased or nonvital pulp is replaced with healthy pulp tissue that would revitalize the teeth through regenerative endodontics. ′A search was conducted using the Pubmed and MEDLINE databases for articles with the criteria ′Platelet rich plasma′, ′Platelet rich fibrin′, ′Stem cells′, ′Natural and artificial scaffolds′ from 1982-2015′. Tissues are organized as three-dimensional structures, and appropriate scaffolding is necessary to provide a spatially correct position of cell location and regulate differentiation, proliferation, or metabolism of the stem cells. Extracellular matrix molecules control the differentiation of stem cells, and an appropriate scaffold might selectively bind and localize cells, contain growth factors, and undergo biodegradation over time. Different scaffolds facilitate the regeneration of different tissues. To ensure a successful regenerative procedure, it is essential to have a thorough and precise knowledge about the suitable scaffold for the required tissue. This article gives a review on the different scaffolds providing an insight into the new developmental approaches on the horizon.
Improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization for designing PID controllers applied to robotic manipulator

In order to improve equipment efficiency in terms of performance, energy consumption and degradation for example, the industry has increased the use of control systems as the PID (proportional-integral-derivative) to a new baseline. This structure has few parameters to adjust and it is easy to implement practically. However, there are some requirements often included on multivariable systems that cannot be solved concurrently by classical methods. To solve this problem, the current paper approaches the application of Multiobjective Differential Evolution (MODE), Multiobjective Harmony Search (MOHS) and Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) on multivariable PID controllers tuning. Moreover, an improved version of MOPSO (I-MOPSO) is proposed and its performance is compared with the other algorithms. In order to validate it under control systems, the optimization technique is applied on a two degree of freedom robotic manipulator. Finally, a detailed analysis is made on the I-MOPSO achievements.
Proteomics and the Inner Ear

The inner ear, one of the most complex organs, contains within its bony shell three sensory systems, the evolutionary oldest gravity receptor system, the three semicircular canals for the detection of angular acceleration, and the auditory system - unrivaled in sensitivity and frequency discrimination. All three systems are susceptible to a host of afflictions affecting the quality of life for all of us. In the first part of this review we present an introduction to the milestones of inner ear research to pave the way for understanding the complexities of a proteomics approach to the ear. Minute sensory structures, surrounded by large fluid spaces and a hard bony shell, pose extreme challenges to the ear researcher. In spite of these obstacles, a powerful preparatory technique was developed, whereby precisely defined microscopic tissue elements can be isolated and analyzed, while maintaining the biochemical state representative of the in vivo conditions. The second part consists of a discussion of proteomics as a tool in the elucidation of basic and pathologic mechanisms, diagnosis of disease, as well as treatment. Examples are the organ of Corti proteins OCP1 and OCP2, oncomodulin, a highly specific calcium-binding protein, and several disease entities, Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and perilymphatic fistula.
Multi-fidelity matryoshka neural networks for constrained IoT devices

Using deep neural networks on resource constrained devices is a trending topic in neural network research. Various techniques for compressing neural networks have been proposed that allow evaluating a large neural network on a device with limited memory and processing power. These approaches usually generate a single compressed student network based on a larger teacher network. In some cases a more dynamic trade-off may be desired. In this paper we trained a sequence of increasingly large networks where each network is constrained to contain the unmodified features of all smaller networks. The weight matrix of the largest network has submatrices that correspond to the weight matrices of each of the smaller networks. This technique allows us to keep the parameters of several networks in memory while having the same memory footprint as the single largest network. A trade-off between accuracy and speed can be made at runtime. The proposed approach is validated on two image classification tasks running on a real-world Internet-of-Things (IoT) device.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms Better Predict the Presence of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Than Typical Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms

Objective:To determine whether the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms is associated with the presence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Background:Most patients diagnosed with EAC have incurable disease at the time of detection. The majority of these patients are unaware of the presence of Barrett's esophagus prior to cancer diagnosis and many do not report typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This suggests that the current GERD symptom-based screening paradigm may be inadequate. Data support a causal relation between complicated GERD and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms. We theorize that laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms are not recognized expeditiously, resulting in chronic esophageal injury and an unrecognized progression of Barrett's esophagus to EAC. Methods:This is a case-comparison (control) study. Cases were patients diagnosed with EAC (n = 63) between 1997 and 2002. Three comparison groups were selected: 1) Barrett's esophagus patients without dysplasia (n = 50), 2) GERD patients without Barrett's esophagus (n = 50), and 3) patients with no history of GERD symptoms or antisecretory medication use (n = 56). The risk factors evaluated included demographics, medical history, lifestyle variables, and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms. Typical GERD symptoms and antisecretory medication use were recorded. Multivariate analysis of demographics, comorbid risk factors, and symptoms was performed with logistic regression to provide odds ratios for the probability of EAC diagnosis. Results:The prevalence of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms was significantly greater in the cases than comparison groups (P = 0.0005). The prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms increased as disease severity progressed from the non-GERD comparison group (19.6%) to GERD (26%), Barrett's esophagus (40%), and EAC patients (54%). Symptoms of GERD were less prevalent in cases (43%) when compared with Barrett's esophagus (66%) and GERD (86%) control groups (P < 0.001). Twenty-seven percent (17 of 63) of EAC patients never had GERD or laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms. Fifty-seven percent of EAC patients presented without ever having typical GERD symptoms. Chronic cough, diabetes, and age emerged as independent risk factors for the development of EAC. Conclusions:Symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux are more prevalent in patients with EAC than typical GERD symptoms and may represent the only sign of disease. Chronic cough is an independent risk factor associated with the presence of EAC. Addition of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms to the current Barrett's screening guidelines is warranted.
Mach cones in Heavy Ion Collisions

MACE, a model for the propagation of mach cones in the velocity field of heavy ion collisions (as created by hydrodynamical models) is explained. It is tested on an analytical test case (static medium) and applied to velocity fields created by the Particle-in-Cell model from LHC and RHIC initial conditions.
Metabolic Capabilities of Microorganisms Involved in and Associated with the Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane

In marine sediments the anaerobic oxidation of methane with sulfate as electron acceptor (AOM) is responsible for the removal of a major part of the greenhouse gas methane. AOM is performed by consortia of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME) and their specific partner bacteria. The physiology of these organisms is poorly understood, which is due to their slow growth with doubling times in the order of months and the phylogenetic diversity in natural and in vitro AOM enrichments. Here we study sediment-free long-term AOM enrichments that were cultivated from seep sediments sampled off the Italian Island Elba (20°C; hereon called E20) and from hot vents of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, cultivated at 37°C (G37) or at 50°C (G50). These enrichments were dominated by consortia of ANME-2 archaea and Seep-SRB2 partner bacteria (E20) or by ANME-1, forming consortia with Seep-SRB2 bacteria (G37) or with bacteria of the HotSeep-1 cluster (G50). We investigate lipid membrane compositions as possible factors for the different temperature affinities of the different ANME clades and show autotrophy as characteristic feature for both ANME clades and their partner bacteria. Although in the absence of additional substrates methane formation was not observed, methanogenesis from methylated substrates (methanol and methylamine) could be quickly stimulated in the E20 and the G37 enrichment. Responsible for methanogenesis are archaea from the genus Methanohalophilus and Methanococcoides, which are minor community members during AOM (1–7‰ of archaeal 16S rRNA gene amplicons). In the same two cultures also sulfur disproportionation could be quickly stimulated by addition of zero-valent colloidal sulfur. The isolated partner bacteria are likewise minor community members (1–9‰ of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons), whereas the dominant partner bacteria (Seep-SRB1a, Seep-SRB2, or HotSeep-1) did not grow on elemental sulfur. Our results support a functioning of AOM as syntrophic interaction of obligate methanotrophic archaea that transfer non-molecular reducing equivalents (i.e., via direct interspecies electron transfer) to obligate sulfate-reducing partner bacteria. Additional katabolic processes in these enrichments but also in sulfate methane interfaces are likely performed by minor community members.
CoNLL Shared Task 2010 Proposal : Reference Resolution to Wikipedia September 21 , 2009 1 Organizing Committee

A fundamental problem in natural language processing involves mapping textual strings to their referant entries in an external knolwedge base. Wikipedia has rapidly become the canonical knowledge base for this task, due to its unprecedented breadth. We refer to the task of unambiguously identifying Wikipedia concepts mentioned in a given text as Reference Resolution to Wikipedia (RRW). RRW has recently been shown to be valuable across a wide spectrum of NLP tasks including text classification [6], measuring semantic similarity between texts [7], information retrieval [3, 1, 2], word sense disambiguation [10, 4], cross-document coreference resolution [5, 9], and other tasks [11, 8]. Excitement about RRW has resulted in a variety of distinct approaches, developed by numerous research groups. Due to differences in the specific task formulation and annotated corpora employed, the approaches are difficult to compare. This proposal aims to address these challenges by providing a unified evaluation suite for RRW as the CoNLL 2010 Shared Task. Below, we begin by describing previous variants of the RRW task, and then detail our proposed task and data collection methodology.
Forensic Acquisitions of WhatsApp Data on Popular Mobile Platforms

Encryption techniques used by popular messaging services such as Skype, Viber and WhatsApp make traces of illegal activities by criminal groups almost undetectable. This paper reports challenges involved to examine data of the WhatsApp application on popular mobile platforms (iOS, Android and Windows Phone) using latest forensic software such as EnCase, UFED and Oxygen Forensic Suite. The operating systems used were Windows phone 8.1, Android 5.0. 1 (Lollipop) and iOS 8.3. Results show that due to strong security features built into the Windows 8.1 system forensic examiners may not be able to access data with standard forensic suite and they must decide whether to perform a live forensic acquisition. This paper provides forensics examiners with practical techniques for recovering evidences of WhatsApp data from Windows 8.1 mobile operating systems that would otherwise be inaccessible.
Effective consumption scheduling for demand-side management in the smart grid using non-uniform participation rate

Periods of peak consumer demand in today's electricity sector are expensive to satisfy and can be the source of power failures. One possible solution is the use of demand-side management (DSM) applying dynamic pricing mechanisms. However, instead of reducing peak loads, these mechanisms can lead to peak-shifting due to the herding effect of consumers' load-shifting behavior. To overcome this problem, we explore strategies of assigning (non-uniform) participation rates to consumers. We use a generic method to find a near-optimal distribution setting for participation rates. Our method allows DSM designers to tune the system toward consumer convenience. This means less frequent consumption schedule changes, in the price of system performance. In addition, consumers do not need to reveal their detailed consumption schedules (hence, their privacy is preserved). Using experiments, we show the impact of the herding effect and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution. We thereby demonstrate price fairness for consumers. Finally, we apply our solution to a more realistic environment - one where consumers change their consumption behavior every day.