Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Excessive Supraventricular Ectopic Activity and Increased Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke

Background— Prediction of stroke and atrial fibrillation in healthy individuals is challenging. We examined whether excessive supraventricular ectopic activity (ESVEA) correlates with risk of stroke, death, and atrial fibrillation in subjects without previous stroke or heart disease. Methods and Results— The population-based cohort of the Copenhagen Holter Study, consisting of 678 healthy men and women aged between 55 and 75 years with no history of cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, or stroke, was evaluated. All had fasting laboratory tests and 48-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring. ESVEA was defined as ≥30 supraventricular ectopic complexes (SVEC) per hour or as any episodes with runs of ≥20 SVEC. The primary end point was stroke or death, and the secondary end points were total mortality, stroke, and admissions for atrial fibrillation. Median follow-up was 6.3 years. Seventy subjects had SVEC ≥30/h, and 42 had runs of SVEC with a length of ≥20 SVEC. Together, 99 subjects (14.6%) had ESVEA. The risk of primary end point (death or stroke) was significantly higher in subjects with ESVEA compared with those without ESVEA after adjustment for conventional risk factors (hazard ratio=1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.60; P=0.036). ESVEA was also associated with admissions for atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio=2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 6.99; P=0.033) and stroke (hazard ratio=2.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 6.30; P=0.014). SVEC, as a continuous variable, was also associated with both the primary end point of stroke or death and admissions for atrial fibrillation. Conclusions— ESVEA in apparently healthy subjects is associated with development of atrial fibrillation and is associated with a poor prognosis in term of death or stroke.
Lycopene Attenuated Hepatic Tumorigenesis via Differential Mechanisms Depending on Carotenoid Cleavage Enzyme in Mice

Obesity is associated with increased liver cancer risks and mortality. We recently showed that apo-10′-lycopenoic acid, a lycopene metabolite generated by beta-carotene-9′,10′-oxygenase (BCO2), inhibited carcinogen-initiated, high-fat diet (HFD)–promoted liver inflammation, and hepatic tumorigenesis development. The present investigation examined the outstanding question of whether lycopene could suppress HFD-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, and if BCO2 expression is important using BCO2-knockout (BCO2-KO) and wild-type male mice. Results showed that lycopene supplementation (100 mg/kg diet) for 24 weeks resulted in comparable accumulation of hepatic lycopene (19.4 vs. 18.2 nmol/g) and had similar effects on suppressing HFD-promoted HCC incidence (19% vs. 20%) and multiplicity (58% vs. 62%) in wild-type and BCO2-KO mice, respectively. Intriguingly, lycopene chemopreventive effects in wild-type mice were associated with reduced hepatic proinflammatory signaling (phosphorylation of NK-κB p65 and STAT3; IL6 protein) and inflammatory foci. In contrast, the protective effects of lycopene in BCO2-KO but not in wild-type mice were associated with reduced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress–mediated unfolded protein response (ERUPR), through decreasing ERUPR-mediated protein kinase RNA-activated like kinase–eukaryotic initiation factor 2α activation, and inositol requiring 1α–X-box–binding protein 1 signaling. Lycopene supplementation in BCO2-KO mice suppressed oncogenic signals, including Met mRNA, β-catenin protein, and mTOR complex 1 activation, which was associated with increased hepatic microRNA (miR)-199a/b and miR214 levels. These results provided novel experimental evidence that dietary lycopene can prevent HFD-promoted HCC incidence and multiplicity in mice, and may elicit different mechanisms depending on BCO2 expression. Cancer Prev Res; 7(12); 1219–27. ©2014 AACR.
Conceptual reorganization and the construction of the chemical reaction concept during secondary education

Aspects of 40 pupils’ (aged 12‐18) conceptual reorganization and change, related to the construction of the chemical reaction concept were studied. Data were collected with the Free Categorization Task and the Interview About Instances techniques, both involving a clinical interview with each pupil. The dynamic of conceptual change is described through (a) case studies refering to the pupils’ categorizations of 19 everyday life physical and chemical phenomena, and collective representations of the semantic categories spontaneously activated by the pupils in order to categorize the 19 phenomena and (b) the pupils’ identifications of chemical reactions among the 19 phenomena, and their definitions of the chemical reaction concept. The outcomes show how pupils reorganize their conceptual domain and proceed to the construction of the chemical reaction concept in three distinct stages. A number of misconceptions were revealed, as well as problems with chemistry teaching, concerning the lack of construction of .
Product gender perceptions and antecedents of product gender congruence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to replicate and extend earlier work on product gender perceptions.Design/methodology/approach – The methodology tested six hypotheses, using nearly 500 respondents. The hypotheses were investigated using a survey approach with validated scales. Likert‐type data were analyzed using appropriate statistical measures.Findings – Analysis of the data demonstrated that product gendering is still prevalent. In addition, males were more likely than females to purchase gender‐congruent products; that individuals with a greater desire for product‐self‐congruence used products as a form of self‐concept; that individuals reared in non‐traditional households were less focused on gender congruence; that less traditional individuals were less focused on gender congruence; and that those who sought gender congruence were more likely to seek gender cues in the marketing mix.Research limitations/implications – The product selection was based on a previous study and the sample was non‐.
Serving the needs of immigrant families of children with autism

The growing influx of immigrant families into the USA necessitates an understanding of how these families manage mental health disorders. Few studies have documented the ways in which autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are understood across different immigrant groups. This lack of knowledge creates barriers for practitioners who are encountering immigrant families in their practice. The present paper provides a conceptual framework of how cultural values and beliefs shape the way diagnosis, etiology and treatment of ASD is perceived by both immigrant families and western practitioners and how differences in perspectives may create obstacles in treatment planning. A review of the literature describing practical and cultural barriers to mental health access and research among immigrant populations is also presented. Finally, recommendations are offered to practitioners, families and individuals with ASD to aid in increasing understanding and collaboration among these populations when designing and implementing treatment interventions.
What Is the Point of Equality?*

Dans le cadre du debat sur l'egalite opposant l'egalitarisme de fortune et le liberalisme, l'A. defend la theorie de l'egalite democratique qui tente de construire une communaute d'egaux a partir des principes de la distribution et l'exigence de respect. Critiquant l'idee de justice compensatoire favorisant les personnes victimes du mauvais sort ou d'un mauvais choix, l'A. montre que la notion d'egalite de fortune engendre des cas d'injustice, posant l'egoisme et l'autosuffisance comme normes des droits de l'homme. Au-dela de la satisfaction des preferences individuelles, l'A. defend une definition de l'egalite democratique en termes d'obligations regissant les relations sociales des citoyens, et non en termes de distribution de biens divisibles
Family violence in cross-cultural perspective

The purpose of this chapter is to review and discuss the contributions cross-cultural studies have made or might make to our understanding of family violence. To cover as much territory as possible I have defined cross-cultural studies broadly to include any information collection and analysis approach that involves either the implicit or explicit comparison of two or more cultural groups. Cultural group is defined broadly as well, to include nations, political subdivisions within nations, ethnic groups, small-scale (primitive, nonliterate) societies, peasant societies, and so on. Following the work of Gelles and Straus (1979) family violence is defined as the action of a family member that will very likely cause physical pain to another family member. The term beating, such as wife beating or husband beating, is used throughout the chapter to refer to any violent act ranging from a slap to a beating with a stick to murder with a handgun.
Influence of Pressure Change During Hydraulic Tests on Fracture Aperture

In a series of field experiments, we evaluate the influence of a small water pressure change on fracture aperture during a hydraulic test. An experimental borehole is instrumented at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) Underground Research Tunnel (KURT). The target fracture for testing was found from the analyses of borehole logging and hydraulic tests. A double packer system was developed and installed in the test borehole to directly observe the aperture change due to water pressure change. Using this packer system, both aperture and flow rate are directly observed under various water pressures. Results indicate a slight change in fracture hydraulic head leads to an observable change in aperture. This suggests that aperture change should be considered when analyzing hydraulic test data from a sparsely fractured rock aquifer.
Creativity as a Factor in Psychological Assessment and Healthy Psychological Functioning

Creativity has been widely studied in a variety of contexts, yet it remains a somewhat elusive concept. This article examines creativity as it pertains to psychological functioning, and more particularly healthy psychological functioning. Although creativity overlaps with intelligence, personality, and cognitive style, it is not identical and so presents as a separate area of interest in understanding humans (Mellou, 1996). When one examines the concept of creativity, the implications for psychological health are important and interesting.
EFFECT OF AGING ON CARDIAC AND ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC AROUSAL IN SLEEP APNEA/HYPOPNEA SYNDROME

As shown in Figure 1, based on the putative peripheral amplification of the pulse pressure, the aortic pressure was estimated from cuff brachial blood pressure, which was divided into forward (Afor) and backward reflection (Aref) components using the augmentation index. The putative systolic aortic blood pressure in the absence of wave reflections (SP*) was also obtained. The aortic augmentation index (AAI) was determined by the carotid augmentation index (CAI), using a regression equation between them (AAI = 0.91 * CAI + 27.6). ’ Brachial systolic and pulse pressures increased significantly with age ( I = .24, P < .05; Y = .27, P < .05), whereas diastolic and mean pressures did not change. When agedependent peripheral amplification was taken into consideration, increases in estimated aortic systolic and pulse pressures were more marked (Table 1). As shown in Table 1, both Aref and Afar were positively correlated with age. However, the slope of the regression line for Aref was steeper than for Afor (.43 vs. .17, P < .01). SP* was not correlated with age. In addition, body height was inversely correlated with age. A significant correlation between body height and Aref ( I = .44, P < .00005) is consistent with earlier wave reflections in case of shorter length of the arterial system. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI; adjusting for body surface area) tended to increase with aging, and it was correlated significantly with estimated aortic systolic and pulse pressures. There was no association between diastolic or mean blood pressure and LVMI. LVMI showed a significant positive correlation with Arch but not with Afo, or SP*. These results suggest that the increase in the reflection component of the aortic pressure was a predominant determinant of age-associated systolic blood pressure increases, contributing to an age-associated increase in left ventricular mass. Reduced aortic distensibility may affect age-associated blood pressure changes indirectly by altering pulse wave velocity, which results in earlier wave reflections. The ageassociated earlier wave reflections are also attributable, in part, to the tendency toward shorter stature with aging. In conclusion, evaluation of aortic wave reflections can provide clinically important information concerning redundant left ventricular afterload even in normotensive elderly patients. Prospective studies will be required to ascertain the benefit of intervention to increased wave reflections associated with the normal aging process.
Use of Neonatal Chest Ultrasound to Predict Noninvasive Ventilation Failure

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive ventilation is the treatment of choice for neonatal moderate respiratory distress (RD). Predictors of nasal ventilation failure are helpful in preventing clinical deterioration. Work on neonatal lung ultrasound has shown that the persistence of a hyperechogenic, “white lung” image correlates with severe distress in the preterm infant. We investigate the persistent white lung ultrasound image as a marker of noninvasive ventilation failure. METHODS: Newborns admitted to the NICU with moderate RD and stabilized on nasal continuous positive airway pressure for 120 minutes were enrolled. Lung ultrasound was performed and blindly classified as type 1 (white lung), type 2 (prevalence of B-lines), or type 3 (prevalence of A-lines). Chest radiograph also was examined and graded by an experienced radiologist blind to the infant’s clinical condition. Outcome of the study was the accuracy of bilateral type 1 to predict intubation within 24 hours from scanning. Secondary outcome was the performance of the highest radiographic grade within the same time interval. RESULTS: We enrolled 54 infants (gestational age 32.5 ± 2.6 weeks; birth weight 1703 ± 583 g). Type 1 lung profile showed sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 94.7%. Chest radiograph had sensitivity 38.9%, specificity 77.8%, positive predictive value 46.7%, and negative predictive value 71.8%. CONCLUSIONS: After a 2-hour nasal ventilation trial, neonatal lung ultrasound is a useful predictor of the need for intubation, largely outperforming conventional radiology. Future studies should address whether including ultrasonography in the management of neonatal moderate RD confers clinical advantages.
Processing Components of College-Level Reading Comprehension.

The roles of basic reading processes and prior knowledge to comprehension of expository text were addressed in a study of college readers. According to their performance in the Nelson‐Denny Reading Comprehension Text, 34 college students were divided into groups of above‐average and average readers and had to complete tasks of word and pseudoword vocalization, sentence verification, probe discourse memory, text‐based word recognition and word prediction. Subjects also took a prior knowledge test, read an expository text, and answered comprehension questions that covered explicit and implicit text information. The data indicated that word identification and propositional encoding measures were closely related to individual differences in college‐level reading comprehension ability. Examining the relative contributions of basic reading and prior knowledge to comprehension, it was shown that knowledge played the major role in answering explicit questions, whereas probe discourse memory was relatively more im.
A new method to assign country of HIV infection among heterosexuals born abroad and diagnosed with HIV

Objective:To apply a new method to ascertain likely place of HIV infection among persons born abroad and diagnosed with HIV in the United Kingdom (UK). Design:Analyses of heterosexual adults born abroad, diagnosed with HIV in the UK between 2004 and 2010, and reported to the national HIV diagnoses database. Methods:Year of infection was ascertained by applying an estimated rate of CD4 cell count decline between an individual's CD4 cell count at diagnosis and estimates of CD4-cell count at infection. A person was classified as having probably acquired HIV while living in the UK if estimated year of infection was later than reported year of arrival in the UK. Results:Of 10 612 heterosexual adults born abroad included in the analyses, 85% (9065) were of black-African ethnicity. We estimate that 33% (26–39%) of persons acquired HIV while living in the UK. This percentage increased from 24% (16–39%) in 2004 to 46% (31–50%) in 2010 (P < 0.01). The estimate of 33% is three times higher than national estimates of HIV acquired in the UK based on clinic reports (11%) (P < 0.01). Conclusion:Assigning place of HIV infection using routinely available clinical and demographic data and estimated rates of CD4 cell decline is feasible. We report a high and increasing proportion of persons born abroad who appear to have acquired their HIV infection while living in the UK. These findings highlight the need for continued targeted HIV prevention efforts, particularly among black-African communities.
ARBITRARINESS AND ICONICITY: HISTORICAL CHANGE IN AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE

Grammarians since Saussure have insisted that language symbols are arbitrary, though conventionalized, in form. Sign languages in general, however, and American Sign Language (ASL) in particular, have been noted for their pantomimic or iconic nature. This paper examines some historical processes in ASL, and shows that there is a strong tendency for signs to change in the direction of arbitrariness, rather than maintaining a level of iconicity. Changes at the formational level can be seen as contributing to language-internal consistency, at the expense of transparency. *
Sustainable Cost Models for mHealth at Scale: Modeling Program Data from m4RH Tanzania

Background There is increasing evidence that mobile phone health interventions (“mHealth”) can improve health behaviors and outcomes and are critically important in low-resource, low-access settings. However, the majority of mHealth programs in developing countries fail to reach scale. One reason may be the challenge of developing financially sustainable programs. The goal of this paper is to explore strategies for mHealth program sustainability and develop cost-recovery models for program implementers using 2014 operational program data from Mobile for Reproductive Health (m4RH), a national text-message (SMS) based health communication service in Tanzania. Methods We delineated 2014 m4RH program costs and considered three strategies for cost-recovery for the m4RH program: user pay-for-service, SMS cost reduction, and strategic partnerships. These inputs were used to develop four different cost-recovery scenarios. The four scenarios leveraged strategic partnerships to reduce per-SMS program costs and create per-SMS program revenue and varied the structure for user financial contribution. Finally, we conducted break-even and uncertainty analyses to evaluate the costs and revenues of these models at the 2014 user volume (125,320) and at any possible break-even volume. Results In three of four scenarios, costs exceeded revenue by $94,596, $34,443, and $84,571 at the 2014 user volume. However, these costs represented large reductions (54%, 83%, and 58%, respectively) from the 2014 program cost of $203,475. Scenario four, in which the lowest per-SMS rate ($0.01 per SMS) was negotiated and users paid for all m4RH SMS sent or received, achieved a $5,660 profit at the 2014 user volume. A Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis demonstrated that break-even points were driven by user volume rather than variations in program costs. Conclusions These results reveal that breaking even was only probable when all SMS costs were transferred to users and the lowest per-SMS cost was negotiated with telecom partners. While this strategy was sustainable for the implementer, a central concern is that health information may not reach those who are too poor to pay, limiting the program’s reach and impact. Incorporating strategies presented here may make mHealth programs more appealing to funders and investors but need further consideration to balance sustainability, scale, and impact.
Structural Properties of Index Coding Capacity

The index coding capacity is investigated through its structural properties. First, the capacity is characterized in three new multiletter expressions involving the clique number, Shannon capacity, and Lov\'asz theta function of the confusion graph, the latter notion introduced by Alon, Hassidim, Lubetzky, Stav, and Weinstein. The main idea is that every confusion graph can be decomposed into a small number of perfect graphs. The clique-number characterization is then utilized to show that the capacity is multiplicative under the lexicographic product of side information graphs, establishing the converse to an earlier result by Blasiak, Kleinberg, and Lubetzky. Second, sufficient and necessary conditions on the criticality of an index coding instance, namely, whether side information can be removed without reducing the capacity, are established based on the notion of unicycle, providing a partial answer to the question first raised by Tahmasbi, Shahrasbi, and Gohari. The necessary condition, along with other existing conditions, can be used to eliminate noncritical instances that do not need to be investigated. As an application of the established multiplicativity and criticality, only 10,634 (0.69%) out of 1,540,944 nonisomorphic six-message index coding instances are identified for further investigation, among which the capacity is still unknown for 119 instances.
The role of in ﬂ ammation and antiin ﬂ ammation therapies in keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Purpose: To review and integrate recent advances in identifying the role of inﬂ ammation in the pathogenesis of dry eye conditions and the biological rationale and practical clinical aspects of newer, antiinﬂ ammatory theories. Methods: A comprehensive literature survey. Results and conclusion: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) is a multifactorial and complex disorder in which ocular surface inﬂ ammations play a central role. Identiﬁ cation of speciﬁ c CD4-T-Cell pathways and the recent recognition of targeting of alpha-fodrin suggest a case for novel new therapeutic aspects such as anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies, systemic linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids, and omega-6 essential fatty acids. Replacement of tear volume with nonpreserved wetting agents and standard typical antiinﬂ ammatory corticosteroid and/or cyclosporine A continues to be central current conventional therapy for KCS.
Structural Basis of Light Harvesting by Carotenoids: Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein from Amphidinium carterae

Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein, a water-soluble light-harvesting complex that has a blue-green absorbing carotenoid as its main pigment, is present in most photosynthetic dinoflagellates. Its high-resolution (2.0 angstrom) x-ray structure reveals a noncrystallographic trimer in which each polypeptide contains an unusual jellyroll fold of the α-helical amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains. These domains constitute a scaffold with pseudo-twofold symmetry surrounding a hydrophobic cavity filled by two lipid, eight peridinin, and two chlorophyll a molecules. The structural basis for efficient excitonic energy transfer from peridinin to chlorophyll is found in the clustering of peridinins around the chlorophylls at van der Waals distances.