Kotona asuvien 75-vuotiaiden naisleskien suoriutuminen instrumentaalisista päivittäistoiminnoista

75-year-olded community-dwelling widows coping with daily activities Tuija Jakola Master s thesis Gerontology and Public Health University of Jyvaskyla, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Health Sciences Autumn 2014, 37 Pages In earlier studies recovering of the death of a spouse mainly has been estimated by behavior of the widowed, e.g. what kind of coping strategies was used. In this study whereas is used an extended comprehensive understanding of elderly people. The purpose is to find out how 75year-olded widows living at home cope with daily instrumental activities cooking, shopping and banking compared to other women of the same age. The data of this study is from the Evergreen project ”Health and disability of the 75-year-olded in autumn 1989”. The data consisted of all 75-year-olded female community-dwellers of Jyvaskyla: that is 215 women of those 116 were widows. Coping with shopping and banking was also figured out in five classes of self-estimated burden of the task. Coping with daily chores were explored through self-estimated health, education, income and social relations. Data was analyzed by computing frequencies, cross-tabulations, χ2-tests and correlations. Out of the widows 84% lived alone and 59 % estimated their health to be good or excellent. Their average education was 5,9 school years, average monthly income 3203 Fmk and approximately they had 2,64 true friends. Warm meals were cooked by 95 % of all women and 97 % out of the widows. Shopping was independently handled by 92 % of the widows. However 55 % had different kind of problems. Most problems were due to difficulties moving outdoors by bad weather (r= ,329**; p= ,002). Shopping correlated significantly to marital status and the married showed out to get remarkable help from their spouses. No less than 99 % of the widows coped with banking, though 16 % told to have different kind of problems. Moving outdoors by bad weather (r =,313; p=,001**), self-estimated physical condition (r =,295; p=,002**) and self-estimated health r=,199; p=,033*) showed out to be statistically significant explanatory factors to difficulties with banking. The results of the study show that 75-year-olded widows cope with explored daily activities as good as others in their age. Still a bit surprisingly all recently widowed even showed no problems with these tasks. Subjects: widow, widowhood, daily activities, cooking, shopping, banking SISALLYS 1 JOHDANTO 1 2 LESKEYTYMINEN 3 2.1 Leskeytyminen ja yksinasuminen Suomessa 4 2.2 Leskeytymisen vaikutus elamankulkuun 5 2.2.1 Vaikutukset terveydentilaan 5 2.2.2 Vaikutukset sosiaalisiin suhteisiin ja arjen askareisiin 7 2.3 Leskeytymiseen sopeutuminen 9 3 TOIMINTAKYKY JA PAIVITTAISTOIMINNOISTA SUORIUTUMINEN 11 4 TUTKIMUKSEN TARKOITUS JA TUTKIMUSKYSYMYKSET 14 5 TUTKIMUSAINEISTO JA MENETELMAT 15 5.1 Tutkittavat ja tutkimuksen kulku 15 5.2 Tutkimusmenetelmat 16 5.3 Tilastolliset menetelmat 17 6 TULOKSET 18 6.1 Tutkittavien taustatiedot 18 6.2 Arkiaskareista selviytyminen 20 6.2.1 Ruoanlaitosta selviytyminen 21 6.2.2 Kauppa-asioinnista selviytyminen 21 6.2.3 Pankkiasioinnista selviytyminen 23 7 POHDINTA 25 7.1 Tulosten yhteenveto ja vertailu aiempiin tutkimuksiin 25 7.2 Tutkimuksen vahvuudet ja heikkoudet 27 7.3 Tutkimustulosten sovellettavuus kaytantoon 28 7.4 Johtopaatokset ja jatkotutkimukset 30 LAHTEET 32