Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validating a dimension of doubt in decision-making: A proposed endophenotype for obsessive-compulsive disorder

Doubt is subjective uncertainty about one’s perceptions and recall. It can impair decision-making and is a prominent feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We propose that evaluation of doubt during decision-making provides a useful endophenotype with which to study the underlying pathophysiology of OCD and potentially other psychopathologies. For the current study, we developed a new instrument, the Doubt Questionnaire, to clinically assess doubt. The random dot motion task was used to measure reaction time and subjective certainty, at varying levels of perceptual difficulty, in individuals who scored high and low on doubt, and in individuals with and without OCD. We found that doubt scores were significantly higher in OCD cases than controls. Drift diffusion modeling revealed that high doubt scores predicted slower evidence accumulation than did low doubt scores; and OCD diagnosis lower than controls. At higher levels of dot coherence, OCD participants exhibited significantly slower drift rates than did controls (q<0.05 for 30%, and 45% coherence; q<0.01 for 70% coherence). In addition, at higher levels of coherence, high doubt subjects exhibited even slower drift rates and reaction times than low doubt subjects (q<0.01 for 70% coherence). Moreover, under high coherence conditions, individuals with high doubt scores reported lower certainty in their decisions than did those with low doubt scores. We conclude that the Doubt Questionnaire is a useful instrument for measuring doubt. Compared to those with low doubt, those with high doubt accumulate evidence more slowly and report lower certainty when making decisions under conditions of low uncertainty. High doubt may affect the decision-making process in individuals with OCD. The dimensional doubt measure is a useful endophenotype for OCD research and could enable computationally rigorous and neurally valid understanding of decision-making and its pathological expression in OCD and other disorders.
Simple methods of threshold voltage parameter extraction for MOSFET models

Two simple non-iterative methods of MOSFET threshold voltage parameter extraction are presented. They are valid for threshold voltage-based and charge-based compact models of MOS transistors. The methods take advantage of the features of the model formulae and their derivatives. The methods have been illustrated using both real measurements and data obtained via simulation of simple circuits used for extraction of the pinch-off voltage of the MOSFET EKV model. The simulations have been done using an open-source program Qucs.
A Simple Demonstration of Cooperative Wireless Communication

This report briey describes the demonstration of a simple cooperative wireless communication scheme. The demo described was mainly built by the author with help from J. Cooley and D. Christakos, all members of the Viral Communications group of MIT Media Lab and it was shown during the Digital Life consortium meeting of late October 2003.
Stackelberg Game Approach for Energy-Aware Resource Allocation in Data Centers

Data centers hosting distributed computing systems consume huge amounts of electrical energy, contributing to high operational costs, whereas the utilization of data centers continues to be very low. Moreover, a data center generally consists of heterogeneous servers with different performance and energy. Failure to fully consider the heterogeneity of servers will lead to both sub-optimal energy saving and performance. In this study, we employ game theoretic approaches to model the problem of minimizing energy consumption as a Stackelberg game. In our model, the system monitor, who plays the role of the leader, can maximize profit by adjusting resource provisioning, whereas scheduler agents, who act as followers, can select resources to obtain optimal performance. In addition, we model the problem of minimizing average response time of tasks as a noncooperative game among decentralized scheduler agents as they compete with one another in the sharing resources. Several algorithms are presented to implement the game models. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique has immense potential to improve energy efficiency under dynamic work scenarios without compromising service level agreements.
Heuristics for Multiple Class Classification Problems via ROC Hypersurface

Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) graphs are useful for organizing binary classifiers and visualizing their performance. But it doesn’t work on the corresponding multi-class classifiers problem. We analyse a series of multi-class classifiers and present a new algorithm based on its ROC parameters in which the goal is to minimise the cost of Q(Q − 1) misclassification. Empirical results suggest that our algorithm is more stable than the several existing popular methods.
Surface shape and local critical behaviour in two-dimensional directed percolation

Two-dimensional directed site percolation is studied in systems directed along the x-axis and limited by a free surface at y=+or-Cxk. Scaling considerations show that the surface is a relevant perturbation to the local critical behaviour when k<1/z, where z=v/sub ////v is the dynamical exponent. The tip-to-bulk order parameter correlation function is calculated in the mean-field approximation. The tip percolation probability and the fractal dimensions of critical clusters are obtained through Monte Carlo simulations. The tip order parameter has a non-universal, C-dependent, scaling dimension in the marginal case, k=1/z, and displays a stretched exponential behaviour when the perturbation is relevant. The k-dependence of the fractal dimensions in the relevant case is in agreement with the results of a blob picture approach.
Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine Herbal Therapy Associated with Antibiotic Therapy: Potentiation of the Antibiotic Activity against Methicillin – Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus by Turnera Ulmifolia L

Background: Staphylococcus genus is widely spread in nature being part of the indigenous microbiota of skin and mucosa of animal and birds. Some Staphylococcus species are frequently recognized as etiological agents of many animal and human opportunistic infections This is the first report testing the antibiotic resistance-modifying activity of Turnera ulmifolia against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – MRSA strain.
The repertoire of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators in Escherichia coli K-12.

Using a combination of several approaches we estimated and characterized a total of 314 regulatory DNA-binding proteins in Escherichia coli, which might represent its minimal set of transcription factors. The collection is comprised of 35% activators, 43% repressors and 22% dual regulators. Within many regulatory protein families, the members are homogeneous in their regulatory roles, physiology of regulated genes, regulatory function, length and genome position, showing that these families have evolved homogeneously in prokaryotes, particularly in E.coli. This work describes a full characterization of the repertoire of regulatory interactions in a whole living cell. This repertoire should contribute to the interpretation of global gene expression profiles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
2014 KLCSG-NCC Korea Practice Guideline for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The guideline for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was first developed in 2003 and revised in 2009 by the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group and the National Cancer Center, Korea. Since then, many studies on HCC have been carried out in Korea and other countries. In particular, a substantial body of knowledge has been accumulated on diagnosis, staging, and treatment specific to Asian characteristics, especially Koreans, prompting the proposal of new strategies. Accordingly, the new guideline presented herein was developed on the basis of recent evidence and expert opinions. The primary targets of this guideline are patients with suspicious or newly diagnosed HCC. This guideline provides recommendations for the initial treatment of patients with newly diagnosed HCC.
Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction Conditions for Improving Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities In Vitro from Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb. Residues

Stems are the important residues of Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb. , which are abundant in phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) is confirmed as a novel extraction technology with main advantages of enhancing extraction yield and physiological activities of the extracts from various plants. In this study, UAEE was applied to obtain the highest yield of phenolic content, strongest antioxidant, and antitumor activities and to optimize the extraction conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The extracts from the stems of T. quadrispinosa were characterized by determination of their antioxidant activities through 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazxyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAC) methods and of their antitumor activity by MTT method. The selected key independent variables were cellulase concentration (X1: 1.5%–2.5%), extraction time (X2: 20–30 min) and extraction temperature (X3: 40–60 °C). The optimal extraction conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) value of the extracts were determined as 1.74% cellulase concentration, 25.5 min ultrasonic extraction time and 49.0 °C ultrasonic temperature. Under these conditions, the highest TPC value of 53.6 ± 2.2 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW) was obtained, which agreed well with the predicted value (52.596 mg GAE/g·DW. Furthermore, the extracts obtained from UAEE presented highest antioxidant activities through ABTS, DPPH, TAC and FRAC methods were of 1.54 ± 0.09 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g·DW; 1.45 ± 0.07 mmol·TE/g·DW; 45.2 ± 2.2 mg·GAE/g·DW; 50.4 ± 2.6 μmol FeSO4 equivalent/g·DW and lowest IC50 values of 160.4 ± 11.6 μg/mL, 126.1 ± 10.8 μg/mL, and 178.3 ± 13.1 μg/mL against Hela, HepG-2 and U251 tumor cells, respectively. The results indicated that the UAEE was an efficient alternative to improve extraction yield and enhance the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the extracts. The phenolic extracts from the stems of T. quadrispinosa had significant antioxidant and antitumor activities, which could be used as a source of potential antioxidant and antitumor agents.
Aufmerksamkeitslenkung in der Verhaltenstherapie

Die Steuerung der Aufmerksamkeit stellt eine Schlüsselkomponente der Informationsverarbeitung dar. Dysfunktionale Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse (im Sinne von Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen) sind gemäß kognitiv-behavioraler Modelle an der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung nahezu aller psychischen Störungen beteiligt. Der Aufmerksamkeitsumlenkung kommt als verhaltenstherapeutische Methode deshalb eine zentrale Rolle zu. Die Evidenzlage zur Wirksamkeit verschiedener Techniken der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung ist jedoch bislang heterogen und vor allem im therapeutischen Kontext wenig erforscht. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die praktische Durchführung und Besonderheiten einer bewährten mehrteiligen Aufmerksamkeitslenkung anhand von konkreten Textbeispielen und möglichen Schwierigkeiten illustriert. Kernelemente sind die Psychoedukation zur Funktionalität der Aufmerksamkeit, die Durchführung von Verhaltensexperimenten sowie der Transfer und die Förderung der Selbststeuerung im Alltag von Betroffenen.
HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS AND BRAIN OXYGENATION IN MILITARY PILOTS AS A FUNCTION OF ACCELERATION’S DURATION AT 4G AND AT 6G: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

This is an open-access ar cle distributed under the terms of the Crea ve Commons A ribu on Non-commercial License (h p://crea vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits use, distribu on, and reproduc on in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. Rapid onset and prolonged/sustained accelerations are often encountered in military aviation. The centrifugal force causes blood mass volume displacements. The pilot counters this phenomenon by means of anti-G straining manoeuvres (AGSM). However, the physiology of such prolonged manoeuvres is not clear. Here we have evaluated the eff ects of 4G and 6G accelerations lasting 10s from 1.41Gz baseline on stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) and data quality, as well as changes in frontal brain oxygenation (OX) as a function of duration of the acceleration. We further compared the pilots’ physiological responses to 4G and 6G.
High efficiency of soft X-ray radiation reprocessing in supersoft X-ray sources due to multiple scattering

Detailed analysis of the lightcurve of CAL 87 clearly has shown that the high optical luminosity comes from the accretion disc rim and can only be explained by a severe thickening of the disc rim near the location where the accretion stream impinges. This area is irradiated by the X-rays where it faces the white dwarf. Only if the reprocessing rate of X-rays to optical light is high a luminosity as high as observed can be understood. But a recent detailed study of the soft X-ray radiation reprocessing in supersoft X-ray sources has shown that the eciency is not high enough. We here propose a solution for this problem. As already discussed in the earlier lightcurve analysis the impact of the accretion stream at the outer disc rim produces a "spray", consisting of a large number of individual gas blobs imbedded in a surrounding corona. For the high mass flow rate this constitutes an optically thick vertically extended screen at the rim of the accretion disc. We analyse the optical properties of this irradiated spray and find that the multiple scattering between these gas blobs leads to an eective reprocessing of soft X-rays to optical light as required by the observations.
The evolution of early cellular systems viewed through the lens of biological interactions

The minimal cell concept represents a pragmatic approach to the question of how few genes are required to run a cell. This is a helpful way to build a parts-list, and has been more successful than attempts to deduce a minimal gene set for life by inferring the gene repertoire of the last universal common ancestor, as few genes trace back to this hypothetical ancestral state. However, the study of minimal cellular systems is the study of biological outliers where, by practical necessity, coevolutionary interactions are minimized or ignored. In this paper, we consider the biological context from which minimal genomes have been removed. For instance, some of the most reduced genomes are from endosymbionts and are the result of coevolutionary interactions with a host; few such organisms are “free-living. ” As few, if any, biological systems exist in complete isolation, we expect that, as with modern life, early biological systems were part of an ecosystem, replete with organismal interactions. We favor refocusing discussions of the evolution of cellular systems on processes rather than gene counts. We therefore draw a distinction between a pragmatic minimal cell (an interesting engineering problem), a distributed genome (a system resulting from an evolutionary transition involving more than one cell) and the looser coevolutionary interactions that are ubiquitous in ecosystems. Finally, we consider the distributed genome and coevolutionary interactions between genomic entities in the context of early evolution.
Exercise and Enrichment Recruit Positive Factors for Hippocampus Plasticity and Cognitive Enhancement

The hippocampus plays critical roles in consolidation of information from shortto long-term memory, as well as spatial navigation, which are defined as cognitive function. A number of lifestyle interventions are proven to be cognitive enhancers, such as physical exercise, Environmental Enrichments (EE) including mental stimulation, social stimulation, such as reading a favorite book, playing games, participation in group activities or a targeted cognitive training. These non-pharmacological cognitive enhancers circumvent the ethical considerations associated with pharmaceutical or technological cognitive enhancement. Meanwhile, they are low in cost and low risk to health and well-being. The effects of exercise and EE on enhancing cognitive function have been attributed to the hippocampal plastic changes including neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and angiogenesis. Some of the cellular mechanisms, such as the increased expression of growth factors, signal pathway, likely underlie each of these changes.
Pushing the Line: Teaching Suburban Seventh Graders to be Critically Conscious through Historical Inquiry and Civic Letter-Writing

Engaging in critical teaching with non-marginalized suburban middle school students is both challenging and necessary in the Age of Trumpism. In this paper, I explain the constraints on critical educators teaching in an affluent, suburban public school setting as well as the possibilities for working within this system to increase students’ critical consciousness. In the inquiry-based learning project I describe, I combine critical pedagogy theory with historical literacy pedagogy in order to enable seventh grade students in a world history course to critique current problems in the United States under Trump through the comparative analysis of different historical and modern sources and action-based letter-writing to the president. I include an overview an explanation of the school setting and culture, a rationale for and summary of the lessons within the inquiry project, a description of the class discussions, and excerpts from students’ letters and reflections revealing their thinking.
INFORMATION-FUSION-BASED FOREGROUND EXTRACTION FOR VIDEO STREAMS

The new MPEG-4 video coding standard consists of object based coding schemes for multimedia and enables content based functionalities. Video objects in still pictures or video sequences should be first identified before the encoding process starts. An algorithm based on information fusion, which can be used for the extraction of foreground objects in video streams is proposed in this paper. The method efficiently integrates image and motion information of video streams. The thresholding technique operated in the HSV space provides a better use of the color information than that in the traditional RGB space. Using enhanced boundary extracted from the motion region for contour adaptation offers an original method to correct the contour. The system integrating various characteristic features of video streams, when applied in the context of video surveillance and background replacement, performs real-time foreground extraction of video streams on a PC, and the result is satisfying.
Time to Think and the Negative E ¤ ect of Competition

I study a dynamic game in which boundedly rational agents take time to process available information. The equilibria have various levels of e¢ ciency under mild competition. However, when competitive pressure is su¢ ciently high, there is less time to process information leading to worse decisions. As a consequence, under strong competition, all equilibria have the lowest possible e¢ ciency. The result is contrary to the usual intuition that competition provides incentives for better decision making.
EICO (Expression-based Imprint Candidate Organizer): finding disease-related imprinted genes

We have developed an integrated database that is specialized for the study of imprinted disease genes. The database contains novel candidate imprinted genes identified by the RIKEN full-length mouse cDNA microarray study, information on validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to confirm imprinting using reciprocal mouse crosses and the predicted physical position of imprinting-related disease loci in the mouse and human genomes. It has two user-friendly search interfaces: the SNP-central view (MuSCAT: MoUse SNP CATalog) and the candidate gene-central view (CITE: Candidate Imprinted Transcripts by Expression). The database, EICO (Expression-based Imprint Candidate Organizer), can be accessed via the World Wide Web (http://fantom2.gsc.riken.jp/EICODB/) and the DAS client software. These data and interfaces facilitate understanding of the mechanism of imprinting in mammalian inherited traits.
Remittances, Migration and Social Development: A Conceptual Review of Literature

The designations employed in UNRISD publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNRISD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for opinions expressed rests solely with the author(s), and publication does not constitute endorsement by UNRISD. Contents Acronyms ii Acknowledgements ii Summary/Résumé/Resumen iii Summary iii Résumé iii Resumen iv
Methodology of Countering Attacks for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Trust

This article discusses the development of methodology of countering attacks based on the use of Bayes' theorem and normal distribution, where the workload, node residual energy, as well as an analysis of successful and unsuccessful network events used to compute the trust level. Estimation of the workload and the residual energy allows detecting attacks such as "Denial of Service", "Sybil" attacks directed on depletion of host resources. Direct trust calculation allows detecting "Black hole", "Grey hole" and "Wormhole" attacks. For the implementation of this methodology the software that can be installed on the base station and the network nodes was developed.
A reliable road lane detector approach combining two vision-based algorithms

We present a new approach for detecting road lane with reliability using vision-based techniques. The single used sensor is an on-board frontal monocular monochromic camera. The novelty is to introduce redundancy by using several (two in this paper) independent algorithms. By combining their outputs together, we obtain more reliable results as well as a confidence value about the reliability of the results. When the confidence value is low, an initialization of the algorithms is performed to avoid false detection. The first algorithm computes longitudinal-coherent results, whereas the second algorithm computes lateral-coherent results. First, each algorithm is presented and then the way in which their outputs are combined is described. We also discuss how the two algorithms interact together. Then, experiments in a real-time context underline the improvements provided by this approach and show that results are relevant.
QR Iterative Subspace Identification and Its Application in Image Denoising

The foundation of compressed sensing (CS) is the sparse representation of signals. Over-complete dictionaries could be utilized to map signals into their sparse representation over the dictionary. And iterative subspace identification (ISI) is an effective algorithm to determine the over-complete dictionary from signal samples. In this paper, the QR decomposition is proposed to be employed in the ISI scheme so as to obtain the adaptive over-complete dictionary. It is shown that the QR-ISI outperforms the ISI in terms of the recovered PSNR. Finally, the QR-ISI method could be applied to image denoising. Experiment results are presented to show that the QR-ISI offers a feasible method for image denoising with reasonable performance.