Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Leveraging Late-Launch to Create Trustworthy Thin-Terminal Clients

In computer security, there is often a disconnect between the trust placed in a device to meet a security goal and the actual ability of the device to meet these goals. In organizational environments, this disconnect may become larger as users increasingly use their personally-owned computing devices for work purposes. These users often lack IT backgrounds and do not properly secure their devices, creating greater security risks. In this work, we propose using a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to enter a “late-launch” environment, where it will exclusively execute trusted, organization-provided code to create a thinterminal on user devices. This thin-terminal will interact with centralized IT servers, providing useful functionality to the user while ensuring the device itself will pose no risk to the organization’s security goals. We have implemented a proof-of-concept version of this environment and showed how simple text-based interactions can be performed with a trustworthy client. In doing so, we highlight the challenges and tradeoffs inherent in such an approach.
Meta-Learning, Model Selection, and Example Selection in Machine Learning Domains with Concept Drift

For many tasks where data is collected over an extended period of time, its underlying distribution is likely to change. A typical example is information filtering, i.e. the adaptive classification of documents with respect to a particular user interest. The interest of the user may change over time. Machine learning approaches handling concept drift have been shown to outperform more static approaches ignoring it in experiments with different types of simulated concept drifts on real-word text data and in experiments on real-world data for the task of classifying phases in business cycles exhibiting real concept drift. While previous concept drift handling approaches only use a single base learning algorithm and employ this same base learner at each step in time, this paper proposes a metalearning approach allowing the use of alternative learners and automatically selecting the most promising base learner at each step in time. This work in progress investigates, if such a contextdependent selection of the base learner leads to a better adaptation to the drifting concept, i.e. to lower classification error rates, than approaches based on single base learner only. Furthermore it investigates, how much the proposed metalearning approach allows to speed up the selection process and how much of the gained reduction in the error rate may be lost by that speed-up. The approaches with and without base learner selection and meta-learning are to be compared in experiments using real-world data from the above mentioned domains with simulated and real-world concept drifts, respectively. 1
Models of anomalous diffusion in crowded environments

A particle's motion in crowded environments often exhibits anomalous diffusion, whose nature depends on the situation at hand and is formalized within different physical models. Thus, such environments may contain traps, labyrinthine paths or macromolecular structures, which the particles may be attached to. Physical assumptions are translated into mathematical models which often come with nice mathematical instruments for their description, e.g. fractional diffusion equations. The beauty of the instrument sometimes seduces an investigator to use it without any connection to the physical model. The author hopes that the present discussion will reduce the danger of such inappropriate use.
Lithium effectively complements vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist in the treatment of hyponatraemia of SIADH rats.

BACKGROUND Although, pharmacological intervention with a selective arginine vasopressin (AVP) V(2) receptor antagonist has been demonstrated to be effective for syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), its long-term administration has some therapeutic limitations. Lithium, a drug for bipolar disorders, has been known to cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by reducing kidney-specific apical water channel, aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression in the collecting ducts. However, its pharmacological efficacy for SIADH still remains to be elucidated. METHODS Hyponatraemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by water loading and subcutaneous infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin. For the treatment, lithium chloride (LiCl) was administered singly or in combination with OPC-31260 and/or furosemide for 7 days. Protein expression of AQP2 was examined by western blotting at the end of the observation period. RESULTS The LiCl administration elevated serum sodium levels in a dose-dependent manner. The therapeutic effect started 3 days after the initial administration and gradually increased. Western blot analysis at the end of the treatment demonstrated dose-dependent reduction of AQP2 protein expression. Additional administration of LiCl (100 mg/kg/day, the dose demonstrated to maintain serum lithium concentration within therapeutic range) to low dose OPC-31260 maintained well the initial elevation of serum sodium level during the treatment. Western blot analysis after combination therapy demonstrated the absence of re-increase in AQP2 expression noted at the end of OPC-31260 treatment. However, further additive effect could not be obtained even when both LiCl and furosemide were added together to low dose OPC-31260. CONCLUSIONS Although the single effect of therapeutic dose of lithium was weak, it effectively and safely compensated for the therapeutic limitations of a low dose of AVP V(2) receptor antagonist for SIADH by reducing AQP2 expression.
The Pan-Thames EPS study: treatment and outcomes of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.

BACKGROUND Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a disease process that can occur as a complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of this study was to make a general assessment of the clinical features, diagnosis, management and outcome of PD-related EPS cases from London and South-East England. METHODS Questionnaires were sent to 11 PD units in March 2007; cases were identified retrospectively. Outcome data on surviving patients were collected in March 2008. RESULTS A total of 111 patients were identified; the mean time on PD was 82 months (range 8-247). Mortality increased with length of time on PD, being 42% at <3 years (n = 12), 32% at 3-4 years (n = 19), 61% at 5-6 years (n = 31), 54% at 7-8 years (n = 24), 75% at 9-10 years (n = 8) and 59% at >10 years (n = 17). Twelve patients had no previous peritonitis episodes, 28 had one previous episode, 30 had two previous episodes and 33 had three or more previous episodes. Of the patients with PD details available, 41/63 were high (>0.81) transporters and 44/71 had ultrafiltration <1 l/24 h, but 7/63 were low average transporters (0.5-<0.65) and 27/71 had ultrafiltration >1 l/24 h and a few had significant residual renal function. Sixty-five (59%) patients had their PD discontinued prior to diagnosis (51 HD; 14 transplanted). CT scans were performed on 91 patients and laparotomy on 47 patients. Drug treatment consisted of tamoxifen, immunosuppression or both. The median survival was 15 months in patients treated with tamoxifen (n = 17), 12 months in patients treated with immunosuppression (n = 24) and 21 months in patients who received both (n = 13), against 13 months (n = 46) in patients who received no specific treatment. Adhesionolysis was performed in 5 patients, and 39 patients were given parenteral nutrition. The overall mortality was 53% with a median survival of 14 months and a median time to death of 7 months. Conclusion. This is one of the largest cohorts of patients with EPS in the literature. Long-term survival occurred in over 50%, regardless of the various treatments strategies undertaken by the centres.
Personality Change from Life Experiences: Moderation Effect of Attachment Security

This study focused on effects of life experiences on change in personality and moderation effects of attachment security on the life experience influences. With a sample of Japanese university students (N = 1,000; 679 female; M = 19.72; SD = 1.26; age range, 18–25 years), the Big Five personality traits were assessed twice. The assessment interval was 20 weeks. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses revealed that there were large between-individual differences in change and stability of the Big Five personality traits, which were accounted for by the amount of daily positive and negative life experiences during the interval period. Moreover, multi-group HLM analyses indicated that the life experience effects were moderated by participants' attachment security at Time 1. These findings suggest that the accumulation of small daily experiences may work for the personality development of university students and that environmental influences may vary by individual susceptibility to experiences, like attachment security.
Effects of retirement on lifestyle in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference in Dutch men: a prospective study

Abstract Objective To study changes in lifestyle in relation to changes in body weight and waist circumference associated with occupational retirement in men. Design A prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. At baseline and at follow-up, questionnaires were completed and body weight and waist circumference were measured. Setting The Doetinchem Cohort Study, consisting of inhabitants of Doetinchem, a town in a rural area of The Netherlands. Subjects In total 288 healthy men aged 50–65 years at baseline, who either remained employed or retired over follow-up. Results The effect of retirement on changes in weight and waist circumference was dependent on type of former occupation. Increase in body weight and waist circumference was higher among men who retired from active jobs (0.42 kg year−1 and 0.77 cm year−1, respectively) than among men who retired from sedentary jobs (0.08 kg year−1 and 0.23 cm year−1, respectively). Weight gain and increase in waist circumference were associated with a decrease in fruit consumption and fibre density of the diet, with an increase in frequency of eating breakfast, and with a decrease in several physical activities, such as household activities, bicycling, walking and doing odd jobs. Conclusion Retirement was associated with an increase in weight and waist circumference among those with former active jobs, but not among those with former sedentary jobs. Retirement may bring opportunities for healthy changes in diet and physical activity, which could be used in health promotion programmes.
Broadband MFP: coherent vs. incoherent

Matched-field processing (MFP) is now a mature technique for source localization and tracking. There are at least two aspects that emerge, by their relevance, to the success of MFP: one is the ability of a given MFP processor to accurately pinpoint the source location while rejecting sidelobes, and the other is the impact of erroneous or missing environmental information (known as model mismatch) in the final source location estimate. This study addresses the first aspect regarding sidelobe rejection while considering that the processor is working on a mismatch free situation. One well known procedure to reduce sidelobes is to use a broadband MFP processor (whenever a band of frequencies is available). There are a number of different ways to combine MFP information across frequency that can be classified in two broad groups: the conventional incoherent methods, that are based on the direct averaging of the auto-frequency inner products and the, say, less conventional methods, that perform a weighted average of the cross-frequency inner products where the weights are the frequency compensation phase-shifts. The latter are generally termed coherent broadband methods since they combine complex inner products. The coherent broadband methods proposed in the literature are either suboptimal or very computationally intensive, even for a small number of frequencies. An alternative method is presented that combines cross-frequency information with the same localization performance as the standard coherent methods and a computation load similar to that of the incoherent processor. The performance of the various broadband processors is compared in simulated data.
Culture and Mental Health: Risk, Prevention and Treatment for Asian Americans

Although the number of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) has grown from three million to over sixteen million in the past thirty years (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010), there are still major limitations to our basic understanding about the mental health and service needs of AANHPI groups in the United States. This is unfortunate, as nearly a decade has passed since the Surgeon General's landmark report on culture, race, and mental health (Department of Health and Human Services [DHSS], 2001). The report acknowledged the contributions of many important scholars, but also indicated that the knowledge base remained insufficient and required immediate attention.
If a Troponin Falls in a Forest but No One Measures It, Does It Really Matter?

A recent morbidity and mortality conference at my institution discussed the care of an elderly patient with multiple comorbidities for a noncardiac surgical procedure. Unfortunately, despite excellent perioperative care, the patient died of a perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) in the postanesthesia care unit. Hypotension and marked ST segment elevation on the postoperative electrocardiogram left no doubt about the etiology of the patient’s death. However, for the vast majority of patients, the diagnosis of myocardial injury and infarction is not so obvious, and the role of minor elevations in cardiac biomarkers is unclear. In this issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY, Levy et al. examine the value of creatine kinase MB-fraction and cardiac troponin (cTn) as independent predictors of all-cause mortality or a major cardiovascular event over the year after surgery. The meta-analysis focuses on patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with outcomes assessed by adjudicators blinded to cardiac biomarker values. They show that an increased postoperative creatine kinase MB-fraction or cTn is associated with a sixfold increased risk of death in the first year after surgery. Complicating the matter, however, is that only 14% of patients who experience a PMI will have chest pain, and only 53% of patients will have clinical signs or symptoms. That leaves a large group of patients with asymptomatic PMI who are at an increased risk of earlier mortality. This lack of symptoms in the postoperative patient is the crux of the problem and begs the important questions: Should we be testing asymptomatic postoperative patients for cardiac biomarker release? If the answer is no, then is there a patient risk index that indicates when such a level of increased vigilance is warranted? What level of biomarker release warrants patient intervention? What investigations or therapies should be initiated if there is an abnormal result? And, even more problematic, what should we tell the patient and family about a normal or abnormal result? The Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction still defines PMI as a combination of symptoms, electrocardiogram changes, and biomarker elevation. Yet, most patients with increased postoperative cardiac biomarkers experience myocardial infarction, regardless of electrocardiogram changes or symptomatology, which, in the presence of residual anesthesia, analgesics, and possible intubation with sedation, is not surprising. More important, state-of-the-art biomarkers are able to detect muscle damage earlier and with sensitivity down to the detection of a single molecule of troponin.
Training feed-forward neural networks with ant colony optimization: an application to pattern classification

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is an optimization technique that was inspired by the foraging behaviour of real ant colonies. Originally, the method was introduced for the application to discrete optimization problems. Research efforts led to the development of algorithms for the application to continuous optimization problems. In this paper we extend and apply one of the most successful variants for the training of feed-forward neural networks. For evaluating our algorithm we apply it to pattern classification problems from the medical field. The results show that our algorithm is comparable to specialized algorithms for neural network training, and that it has advantages over other general purpose optimizers.
PhotoGeo: A Self-Organizing System for Personal Photo Collections

Nowadays the photo-capturing devices are no longer limited to digital cameras but include mobile phones, PDAs and others. This is leading to a new problem: a very large number of digital photos captured and chaotically stored in multiple locations without being annotated. This paper presents a new system, called PhotoGeo, for self-organization of georeferenced photos. The proposed system uses metadata and external sources to organize the photos. These external sources include a map-based social network and userpsilas calendar. Furthermore, spatial clustering and temporal segmentation techniques are used to join the photos into clusters with similar features.
Pregnancy After Breast Cancer: A Case Study Resolving the Reproductive Challenge with a Gestational Surrogate

Abstract: Pregnancy and fertility issues are substantial concerns for the young breast cancer survivor, yet the available literature is hampered by a lack of prospective clinical studies and meaningful long‐term outcome data. A lack of reliable information often leads to physician discomfort and patients may be left to navigate the world of fertility preservation and reproductive technology on their own. This case exemplifies some of the many issues that breast cancer survivors may face and adds another dimension to the survivor's dilemma; once fertility options have been preserved, what is the best method to sustain the pregnancy—self or surrogate? For many, the goal of balancing optimal treatment and long‐term survival with restoration of a complete quality of life, including childbearing, may be attainable. This discussion highlights the importance of offering young breast cancer patients an opportunity to discuss these issues with their health care providers prior to initiating therapy.
Genomewide Transcriptional Analysis of the Cold Shock Response in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT Previous studies with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis techniques revealed that the cold shock response in Bacillus subtilis is characterized by rapid induction and accumulation of two classes of specific proteins, which have been termed cold-induced proteins (CIPs) and cold acclimatization proteins (CAPs), respectively. Only recently, the B. subtilis two-component system encoded by the desKR operon has been demonstrated to be essential for the cold-induced expression of the lipid-modifying desaturase Des, which is required for efficient cold adaptation of the membrane in the absence of isoleucine. At present, one of the most intriguing questions in this research field is whether DesKR plays a global role in cold signal perception and transduction in B. subtilis. In this report, we present the first genomewide transcriptional analysis of a cold-exposed bacterium and demonstrate that the B. subtilis two-component system DesKR exclusively controls the desaturase gene des and is not the cold-triggered regulatory system of global relevance. In addition to this, we identified a set of genes that might participate as novel players in the cold shock adaptation of B. subtilis. Two cold-induced genes, the elongation factor homolog ylaG and the σL-dependent transcriptional activator homolog yplP, have been examined by construction and analysis of deletion mutants.
Low power design of on-line testers for digital circuits using state encoding

This work is concerned with the development of an algorithm for lowering the power consumption of the tester used in digital circuits with on line testing (OLT) capability by encoding the states of the on-line tester. Most of the work presented in the literature on OLT have emphasized on minimizing area overhead maintaining high fault coverage. However, power, which was mainly a concern for handheld devices, is now a first order impact factor for deep submicron designs. Its increased importance for OLT can be realized from the fact that the tester is executed concurrently with the circuit. The proposed technique can handle generic digital circuits with cell count as high as 15,000 and having the order of 2500 states. Results for design of on-line detectors for various ISCAS89 benchmark circuits are provided. The results illustrate that with marginal impact on performance in terms of area overhead the proposed technique can lower the power significantly, compared to traditional approaches.
OPTIMAL PREPROCESSING FOR S ANSWERING ON-LINE PRODUCT QUERIE

e q We examine the amount of preprocessing needed for answering certain on-lin ueries as fast as possible. We start with the following basic problem. Suppose we are e given a semigroup (S ,°). Let s , . , s be elements of S . We want to answer on-lin 1 n i i +1 j −1 j n 1 queries of the form, "What is the product s °s ° . °s °s ? " for any give ≤ i ≤ j ≤ n . We show that a preprocessing of Θ(n λ(k ,n )) time and space is both . T necessary and sufficient to answer each such query in at most k steps, for any fixed k he function λ(k ,.) is the inverse of a certain function at the Qk /2 P−th level of the prima itive recursive hierarchy. In case linear preprocessing is desired, we show that one can nswer each such query in at most O (α(n )) steps and that this is best possible. The function α(n ) is the inverse Ackermann function. We also consider the following extended problem. Let T be a tree with an element , " of S associated with each of its vertices. We want to answer on-line queries of the form What is the product of the elements associated with the vertices along the path from u o t to v ? " for any pair of vertices u and v in T . We derive results, which are similar t he above, for the preprocessing needed for answering such queries. e o All our sequential preprocessing algorithms can be parallelized efficiently to giv ptimal parallel algorithms which run in O (logn ) time on a CREW PRAM. These parallel algorithms are optimal in both running time and total number of operations. h hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh The research of this author was supported in part by Allon Fellowship, Bat Sheva de Rothschild Foundation and the Fund for B † asic Research administered by the Israel Academy of Sciences. The research of this author was supported by the Applied Mathematical Sciences subprogram of the Office of Energy Research, U ‡ . S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76ER03077.
On Resolution with Clauses of Bounded Size

Several procedures based on (not necessarily regular) resolution for checking whether a formula in CF3 is contradictory are considered. The procedures use various methods of bounding the size of the clauses which are generated. The following results are obtained:1. All of the proposed procedures which are forced to run in polynomial time do not always work—i.e., they do not identify all contradictory formulas.2. Those which always work must run in exponential time. The exponential lower bounds for these procedures do not follow directly from Tseitin’s lower bound for regular resolution since these procedures also allow nonregular resolution trees.