Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mean-field analysis of Bose Einstein condensation in general power-law potentials

Mean-field theory is applied to describe the condensation of dilute interacting Bose gases in general power-law potentials. We investigate the behaviour of the critical temperature and derive an analytical approximation which is second order in the atomic scattering length. This result, on the one hand, provides a comparison tool for further, more elaborate, approaches. On the other hand, it also yields qualitative insights into the crossover between homogeneous and inhomogeneous potentials, where different physical mechanisms govern the behaviour of the critical temperature. The connection of the results to previous studies is worked out.
Integral ‐Sliding Mode Control for a Quadrotor with Uncertain Time‐Varying Mass and External Disturbance

In this paper, we consider a robust control problem for a quadrotor that has uncertain time-varying mass and external disturbance. In solving our control problem, we suggest a new -sliding mode controller coupled with an integrator to tackle both uncertain time-varying mass and disturbance issues in the system. Through Lyapunov analysis of the controlled system, we show that the gain-scaling factor can effectively reduce the ultimate bound of each controlled state. The performance of the proposed controller is verified under the mass change during the experiment.
Improbability of collinear solutions in the n-body problem with generalized attraction law

It is shown that in the n-body problem with generalized attraction law (inverse (α + l )-power of the distance, α > 0) the set of initial conditions which lead to collinear motion is of Lebesgue measure zero and nowhere dense with respect to the set of initial conditions that define solutions in R3 or R2. Es wird gezeigt, das beim n-Korperproblem mit verallgemeinerter Anziehungskraft (Kehrwert der(α + l)-Potenz des Abstandes, α > 0) die Menge der Anfangsbedingungen, die zu geradlinigen Bewegungen fuhren, dem Lebesgueschen Mas Null entspricht und nirgends dicht ist. Dies gilt in bezug auf die Menge der Anfangsbedingungen, die Losungen in R3 oder R2 definieren.
Elastic scattering effects in the electron mean free path in a graphite overlayer studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and LEED

The energy dependence of the mean free path lsEd in graphite at low kinetic energies sbelow ,50 eVd is studied using the synchrotron radiation excited Si 2p core level photoemission signal from a SiC substrate attenuated by an epitaxial graphite overlayer. Diffraction structure in lsEd, appearing as strong intensity minima in the Si 2p signal, is found to reflect band gaps in the unoccupied states of graphite. Furthermore, lsEd is derived based on analysis of very-low-energy electron diffraction data supported by calculations of the complex band structure of unoccupied states, where lsEd appears from the Bloch wave damping factor. Conceptually different, the two methods yield equivalent lsEd. The strength of the diffraction structure in lsEd manifests a significant elastic contribution to electron scattering at low energies, sharply increasing in the band gaps of the unoccupied states.
Parametric and nonparametric identification of linear systems in the presence of nonlinear distortions-a frequency domain approach

This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of nonparametric and parametric frequency domain identification methods to model linear dynamic systems in the presence of nonlinear distortions under some general conditions for random multisine excitations. In the first part, a related linear dynamic system (RLDS) approximation to the nonlinear system (NLS) is defined, and it is shown that the differences between the NLS and the RLDS can be modeled as stochastic variables with known properties. In the second part a parametric model for the RLDS is identified. Convergence in probability of this model to the RLDS is proven. A function of dependency is defined to detect and separate the presence of unmodeled dynamics and nonlinear distortions and to bound the bias error on the transfer function estimate.
Impact of the gain model on the stability assessment in semiconductor DFB lasers

Optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers has attracted significant attention due to its applications in laser analysis, modulation characteristic enhancement, and nonlinear dynamics. In many cases, the analysis of the optically injected laser is done by simulation, requiring an accurate laser model and, therefore, an adequate modeling of the gain compression at high photon densities. We use the Kobayashi-Lang rate equations to numerically compare the stable locking range considering four different gain models. Results reveal that at low bias currents, gain compression is significant only under weak injection regime. In contrast, for higher bias current, gain compression must be considered both in weak and strong injection regimes.
The DNA binding domain and the C-terminal region of DNA Ligase IV specify its role in V(D)J recombination

DNA Ligase IV is responsible for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), including DSBs that are generated during V(D)J recombination. Like other DNA ligases, Ligase IV contains a catalytic core with three subdomains—the DNA binding (DBD), the nucleotidyltransferase (NTD), and the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-fold subdomain (OBD). Ligase IV also has a unique C-terminal region that includes two BRCT domains, a nuclear localization signal sequence and a stretch of amino acid that participate in its interaction with XRCC4. Out of the three mammalian ligases, Ligase IV is the only ligase that participates in and is required for V(D)J recombination. Identification of the minimal domains within DNA Ligase IV that contribute to V(D)J recombination has remained unresolved. The interaction of the Ligase IV DNA binding domain with Artemis, and the interaction of its C-terminal region with XRCC4, suggest that both of these regions that also interact with the Ku70/80 heterodimer are important and might be sufficient for mediating participation of DNA Ligase IV in V(D)J recombination. This hypothesis was investigated by generating chimeric ligase proteins by swapping domains, and testing their ability to rescue V(D)J recombination in Ligase IV-deficient cells. We demonstrate that a fusion protein containing Ligase I NTD and OBDs flanked by DNA Ligase IV DBD and C-terminal region is sufficient to support V(D)J recombination. This chimeric protein, which we named Ligase 37, complemented formation of coding and signal joints. Coding joints generated with Ligase 37 were shorter than those observed with wild type DNA Ligase IV. The shorter length was due to increased nucleotide deletions and decreased nucleotide insertions. Additionally, overexpression of Ligase 37 in a mouse pro-B cell line supported a shift towards shorter coding joints. Our findings demonstrate that the ability of DNA Ligase IV to participate in V(D)J recombination is in large part mediated by its DBD and C-terminal region.
Initiation of thermonuclear detonations

In the following note we derive some simple relations describing a thermonuclear detonation in a deuterium-tritium mixture. We propose an ignition system which consists of a storage ring, (or set of them) in which a bunched beam is stacked up to the transverse space charge limit. The particles are then extracted and focused to an appropriate spot. It is this sudden heating which then initiates the thermonuclear shock wave in the fuel. The practical problems of storing and focusing of the beam and containment of the detonation are not treated in this note, but will be dealt with in a later paper.
Direct selection of functional fluorescent-protein antibody fusions by yeast display

Antibodies are important reagents for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Many examples of chimeric proteins combining the specific target recognition of antibodies with complementing functionalities such as fluorescence, toxicity or enzymatic activity have been described. However, antibodies selected solely on the basis of their binding specificities are not necessarily ideal candidates for the construction of chimeras. Here, we describe a high throughput method based on yeast display to directly select antibodies most suitable for conversion to fluorescent chimera. A library of scFv binders was converted to a fluorescent chimeric form, by cloning thermal green protein into the linker between VH and VL, and directly selecting for both binding and fluorescent functionality. This allowed us to directly identify antibodies functional in the single chain TGP format, that manifest higher protein expression, easier protein purification, and one-step binding assays.
Effects of TSA, NaB, Aza in Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and effect of TSA in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts on cell division and callus formation

Whole-plant regeneration via plant tissue culture is a complex process regulated by several genetic and environmental conditions in plant cell cultures. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been reported to play an important role in plant cell differentiation and establishment of pluripotency. Herein, we tested the effects of chemicals, which interfere with epigenetic regulation, on the plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of lettuce. The used chemicals were histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaB), and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azacytidine (Aza). All three chemicals increased cell division, micro-callus formation and callus proliferation in lettuce protoplasts. Cell division increased by more than 20% with an optimal treatment of the three chemicals. In addition, substantial increase in the callus proliferation rates was observed. In addition, TSA enhances cell division and adventitious shoot formation in the protoplast culture of Nicotiana benthamiana. The regenerated tobacco plants from TSA-treated protoplasts did not show morphological changes similar to the control. TSA increased histone H3 acetylation levels and affected the expression of CDK, CYCD3-1, and WUS in tobacco protoplasts. Thus, we investigated the effect of TSA, NaB, and Aza on Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and the effect of TSA on cell division and callus formation in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts, which facilitates plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts. Furthermore, these chemicals can be directly applied as media additives for efficient plant regeneration and crop improvement in various plant species.
Taxon‐dependent effects of dispersal limitation versus environmental filters on bryophyte assemblages―Multiple perspective studies in land‐bridge islands

Abstract To explore the taxon‐dependent contribution of dispersal limitation versus environmental filters to bryophyte assemblages. We investigated bryophytes and six environmental variables on 168 islands in the Thousand Island Lake,China. We compared the observed beta diversity with the expected values based on six null models (EE, EF, FE, FF, PE, and PF), detected the partial correlation of beta diversity with geographical distances. We quantified the contributions of spatial versus environmental variables and island isolation per se to species composition (SC) using variance partitioning. We modeled the species‐area relationships (SARs) for bryophytes and the other eight biotas. To explore the taxon‐dependent effects of spatial versus environmental filters on bryophytes, 16 taxa including five categories (total bryophytes, total mosses, liverworts, acrocarpous, and pleurocarpous mosses) and 11 species‐richest families were included in the analyses. The observed beta diversity values were significantly different from the predicted values for all 16 taxa. For all five categories, the observed partial correlations between beta diversity and geographical distance after controlling environmental effects were not only positive, but also significantly different from the predicted values based on the null models. Spatial eigenvectors are more important in shaping SC than environmental variables for all 16 taxa except Brachytheciaceae and Anomodontaceae. Spatial eigenvectors contributed more to SC variation in liverworts than in mosses and in pleurocarpous mosses than in acrocarpous mosses. The effects of island isolation on SC were significant for all five categories, highly varied at the family level. The z values of the SARs for the five bryophyte categories were all larger than those of the other eight biotas. In subtropical fragmented forests, dispersal limitation exerted significant, taxon‐dependent effects on bryophyte assemblages. It was dispersal limitation rather than environmental filtering that predominantly regulated the SC patterns of bryophytes.
Multiphoton etanglement: production and applications

Some new experiments leading to observation of multi-photon entanglement will be presented. They utilize multi-pair emissions in a down-conversion crystal. In configurations that avoid interferometric overlaps this leads to a high visibility multi-photon interference. General theoretical results concerning the influence of photon statistics and distinguishability on the interference effects in such experiments is be given. Methods of detection of entanglement in multi-qubit systems, via Bell's theorem and a non-linear generalization of entanglement witnesses, will be presented. Finally it will be shown that multi-photon entanglement can be applied to reduce of communication complexity of some computational tasks.
Combining ability of extra-early maturing pro-vitamin A maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and performance of derived hybrids under Striga hermonthica infestation and low soil nitrogen

Low soil nitrogen (low-N), Striga hermonthica infestation and vitamin A deficiency in normal endosperm maize are major challenges confronting maize production and nutrition of the people of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Development of pro-vitamin A (PVA) maize hybrids with combined resistance/tolerance to the two stress factors is crucial in mitigating the food insecurity and nutrition challenges resulting from low-N deficiency and Striga infestation. One hundred and fifty hybrids plus six hybrid checks were evaluated under low-N, Striga-infested and optimal conditions in Nigeria for two years. The study examined the combining ability of the PVA inbreds in contrasting environments, classified them into heterotic groups, examined the inter-relationships of grain yield and other agronomic traits of the inbreds in hybrid combinations and assessed the performance and stability of the PVA hybrids across environments. Additive gene action conditioned the inheritance of grain yield under Striga infestation and optimal conditions while non-additive gene action played the major role in the inheritance of grain yield under low-N. Hybrids TZEEIOR 217 × TZEEIOR 197 and TZEEIOR 245 × TZEEIOR 195 were the top-yielding under Striga and low-N conditions, respectively. Inbred lines were classified into three heterotic groups. Inbreds TZEEIOR 195 and TZEEIOR 221 were identified as testers while TZEEIOR 197 × TZEEIOR 82, TZEEIOR 132 × TZEEIOR 195 and TZEEIOR 205 × TZEEIOR 221 were identified as single-cross testers. Ear aspect had direct contribution to grain yield, justifying its inclusion in the multiple trait base index used for selection of Striga resistant and low-N tolerant maize genotypes in SSA. Hybrids TZEEIOR 195 × TZEEIOR 149, TZEEIOR 195 × TZEEIOR 150, TZEEIOR 245 × TZEEIOR 195, TZEEIOR 30 × TZEEIOR 150 and TZEEIOR 245 × TZEEIOR 30 were high-yielding and stable across test environments. These hybrids should be tested extensively in on-farm trials and commercialized to contribute to food security in SSA.
RADIAL STRUCTURE IN THE TW Hya CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK

We present new near-infrared interferometric data from the CHARA array and the Keck Interferometer on the circumstellar disk of the young star, TW Hya, a proposed “transition disk. ” We use these data, as well as previously published, spatially resolved data at 10 μm and 7 mm, to constrain disk models based on a standard flared disk structure. We find that we can match the interferometry data sets and the overall spectral energy distribution with a three-component model, which combines elements at spatial scales proposed by previous studies: optically thin, emission nearest the star, an inner optically thick ring of emission at roughly 0.5 AU followed by an opacity gap and, finally, an outer optically thick disk starting at ∼4 AU. The model demonstrates that the constraints imposed by the spatially resolved data can be met with a physically plausible disk but this requires a disk containing not only an inner gap in the optically thick disk as previously suggested, but also a gap between the inner and outer optically thick disks. Our model is consistent with the suggestion by Calvet et al. of a planet with an orbital radius of a few AU. We discuss the implications of an opacity gap within the optically thick disk.
Modeling surface color discrimination under different lighting environments using image chromatic statistics and convolutional neural networks

We modeled discrimination thresholds for object colors under different lighting environments [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 35, B244 (2018)JOSAAH0030-394110.1364/JOSAA.35. 00B244]. First, we built models based on chromatic statistics, testing 60 models in total. Second, we trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs), using 160,280 images labeled by either the ground-truth or human responses. No single chromatic statistics model was sufficient to describe human discrimination thresholds across conditions, while human-response-trained CNNs nearly perfectly predicted human thresholds. Guided by region-of-interest analysis of the network, we modified the chromatic statistics models to use only the lower regions of the objects, which substantially improved performance.
A Comparative Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Dose Escalation of Luseogliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Poor Glycemic Control

Objective In this study, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the dose escalation of luseogliflozin (LUSEO) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with poor glycemic control. To that end, we compared two groups assigned to two different doses of luseogliflozin (LUSEO) for 12 weeks. Methods Patients with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 7% or higher already on treatment with luseogliflozin 2.5 mg/day for 12 weeks or longer were randomly assigned to either the 2.5-mg/day group (control group) or the 5-mg/day group (dose-escalation group) of luseogliflozin through the envelope method and were treated for 12 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected at two different time points: at weeks 0 and 12 after randomization. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c from the baseline to 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes were changes in the body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid parameters, hepatic function, or renal function from the baseline to 12 weeks. Results Based on our findings, HbA1c levels significantly decreased in the dose-escalation group when compared to the control group (p<0.001) at week 12. Conclusion For T2DM patients with poor glycemic control under treatment with LUSEO at a dose of 2.5 mg, dose escalation of LUSEO to 5 mg safely improved glycemic control, and this might prove to be an effective and safe treatment option.
Surface plasmon coupled emission in highly directional and sensitive plasmonic devices

We demonstrate the surface plasmon grating coupled emission (SPGCE) from excited organic layer on metal grating in organic/metal structure. The emissions correspond to the resonant condition of SPPs modes on the Alq3/Au interface and grating couple to the Au/air interface for the emission of light. In our experiments, we used different pitch sizes to control plasmonics band-gap which produced highly directional SPGCE with enhanced intensity. In our experiments, four different pitches, including 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm and 800 nm, were adopted for the one-dimensional lamellar grating devices. They were grating devices with 1-D pattern an exposure area of 1.2×1.2 mm2 fabricated by Electron-Beam Lithography system. The experimeantal and theoretical results showed that SPGCE at different pitch can match a linear shifting of momentum (ΔK) of about 4.8 μm-1 per 100 nm pitch size with 4 times enhanced intensity. We have to modify our experimental design of decreasing Au thin film thickness, it became more pronounced in the 20 nm Au film at the pitch of 600 nm structure. In this study, the emission filtering is enabled by evanescent wave coupling across the upper layer metal film. In this way, we can probe the response of the SPGCE system when the two modes are brought into resonance. In our experiments, we used different pitch sizes to control plasmonic band-gap which produced highly directional SPGCE with enhanced intensity. Based on our calculation, SPGCE showed a color change from yellowish green to orange at a certain viewing angle, while the concentration of contacting glucose was increased from 10 to 40%, corresponding to the refractive index change from 1.3484 to 1.3968. This indicated a potential application of low-cost, integrated, and disposable refractive-index sensor. It is proposed for the development of novel bio-devices, which is expected to improve the capability of electroluminescent bio-plasmonic devices in the future.
A novel starting-point-independent wavelet coefficient shape matching

In many computer vision tasks, in order to improve the accuracy and robustness to the noise, wavelet analysis is preferred for the natural multi-resolution property. However, the wavelet representation suffers from the dependency of the starting point of the sampled contour. For overcoming the problem that the wavelet representation depends on the starting point of the sampled contour, the Zernike moments are introduced, and a novel Starting-Point-Independent wavelet coefficient shape matching algorithm is presented. The proposed matching algorithm firstly gains the object contours, and give the translation and scale invariant object shape representation. The object shape representation is converted to the dyadic wavelet representation by the wavelet transform. And then calculate the Zernike moments of wavelet representation in different scales. With respect to property of rotation invariant of Zernike moments, consider the Zernike moments as the feature vector to calculate the dissimilarity between the object and template image, which overcoming the problem of dependency of starting point. The experimental results have proved the proposed algorithm to be efficient, precise, and robust.
Electron mobilities in modulation‐doped semiconductor heterojunction superlattices

GaAs‐AlxGa1−xAs superlattice structures in which electron mobilities exceed those of otherwise equivalent epitaxial GaAs as well as the Brooks‐Herring predictions near room temperature and at very low temperatures are reported. This new behavior is achieved via a modulation‐doping technique that spatially separates conduction electrons and their parent donor impurity atoms, thereby reducing the influence of ionized and neutral impurity scattering on the electron motion.
Displacements and stresses due to a single force in a half-space in welded contact with another half-space

SUMMARY Closed-form analytical expressions for the displacements and stresses induced by a single force of arbitrary orientation located in an elastic half-space in welded contact with another elastic half-space are obtained. These expressions are valid for arbitrary values of the Poisson’s ratio and for arbitrary source and observer locations. The final results are given in a form that makes numerical computation straightforward and accurate.