Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation Using Different Treatments of Silica Nanoparticles

There exists a multitude of pathogens that pose a threat to human and public healthcare, collectively referred to as ESKAPE pathogens. These pathogens are capable of producing biofilm, which proves to be quite resistant to elimination. Strains of A. baumannii, identified by the “A” in the acronym ESKAPE, exhibit significant resistance to amoxicillin in vivo due to their ability to form biofilm. This study aims to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, evaluate novel silica nanoparticles’ effectiveness in inhibiting biofilm, and compare their effectiveness. Amoxicillin was utilized as a positive control, with a concentration exceeding twice that when combined with silica NPs. Treatments included pure silica NPs, silica NPs modified with copper oxide (CuO.SiO2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH.SiO2), and phosphoric acid (H3PO4.SiO2). The characterization of NPs was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while safety testing against normal fibroblast cells was employed by MTT assay. The microtiter plate biofilm formation assay was utilized to construct biofilm, with evaluations conducted using three broth media types: brain heart infusion (BHI) with 2% glucose and 2% sucrose, Loria broth (LB) with and without glucose and sucrose, and Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium/nutrient (DMEN/M). Concentrations ranging from 1.0 mg/mL to 0.06 µg/mL were tested using a microdilution assay. Results from SEM showed that pure silica NPs were mesoporous, but in the amorphous shape of the CuO and NaOH treatments, these pores were disrupted, while H3PO4 was composed of sheets. Silica NPs were able to target Acinetobacter biofilms without harming normal cells, with viability rates ranging from 61–73%. The best biofilm formation was achieved using a BHI medium with sugar supplementation, with an absorbance value of 0.35. Biofilms treated with 5.0 mg/mL of amoxicillin as a positive control alongside 1.0 mg/mL of each of the four silica treatments in isolation, resulting in the inhibition of absorbance values of 0.04, 0.13, 0.07, 0.09, and 0.08, for SiO2, CuO.SiO2, NaOH.SiO2 and H3PO4.SiO2, respectively. When amoxicillin was combined, inhibition increased from 0.3 to 0.04; NaOH with amoxicillin resulted in the lowest minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), 0.25 µg/mL, compared to all treatments and amoxicillin, whereas pure silica and composite had the highest MBIC, even when combined with amoxicillin, compared to all treatments, but performed better than that of the amoxicillin alone which gave the MBIC at 625 µg/mL. The absorbance values of MBIC of each treatment showed no significant differences in relation to amoxicillin absorbance value and relation to each other. Our study showed that smaller amoxicillin doses combined with the novel silica nanoparticles may reduce toxic side effects and inhibit biofilm formation, making them viable alternatives to high-concentration dosages. Further investigation is needed to evaluate in vivo activity.
Students' Performance Prediction in Higher Education Using Multi-Agent Framework-Based Distributed Data Mining Approach: A Review

An effective educational program warrants the inclusion of an innovative construction that enhances the higher education efficacy in such a way that accelerates the achievement of desired results and reduces the risk of failures. Educational decision support system has currently been a hot topic in educational systems, facilitating the pupil result monitoring and evaluation to be performed during their development. In this literature survey, the authors have discussed the importance of multi-agent systems and comparative machine learning approaches in EDSS development. They explored the relationship between machine learning and multiagent intelligent systems in literature to conclude their effectiveness in student performance prediction paradigm. They used the PRISMA model for the literature review process. They finalized 18 articles published between 2014-2022 for the survey that match the research objectives.
The Onus on Coal Consumption and the ‘Beautiful China Initiative’: Economic and Policy Implications

China’s need for rapid economic growth and its hunger for natural resources significantly challenge its economic and policy vision of sustainability, social stability and economic development. The ‘Beautiful China Initiative’ plans to put China on the path of sustainable development in line with the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development GoaSls. The Chinese authorities are expected to reconsider traditional economic policy models to integrate environmental protection while ensuring that their economy proliferates. The shift from a traditional and heavy coal-dependent economy towards greener energy and a sustainable economic model brings additional challenges to China due to its historical dependence on coal as its energy engine. This research paper examines causality patterns between economic growth and fossil fuels energy consumption by analysing coal consumption and carbon dioxide emissions policies using Pesaran’s autoregressive distributed lag model. The research findings offer insights into China’s challenges to transition towards a more sustainable economic model, making the country’s ‘Beautiful China Initiative’ quite complex as it needs to navigate through high levels of environment-friendly economic growth whilst trying to avoid the middle-income trap.
Considerations of Artificial Intelligence for Higher Education and Implications of ChatGPT for Teaching and Learning

Technology development has always been a contentious topic, especially among intellectuals. Some individuals view technology positively as the advancement of numerous technologies is advantageous and ideal for increasing their work efficiency. Yet, it is viewed somehow negatively by others, who claim it has multiple adverse effects on the environment. Recent technological breakthroughs have also been viewed as a threat to human resources because there is a possibility that many vocations would be lost to modern technology. The world is currently fascinated by artificial intelligence.
Identify and predict incorrect prices by Machine Learning Model

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) brings huge advantages to businesses for selling products through multiple online shops. However, companies have difficulties in supervising the prices of products set by different retail shops on e-commerce platforms. Addressing these difficulties, we suggest a method to identify and predict products that sell at incorrect prices using a machine learning model combined price analysis. The study uses four machine learning models: K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) and two text-based information extraction methods: BoW and TF-IDF to find to the best method. The research results show that the RF model and text-based information extraction method by the BoW provide more average accuracy than other specific models, when experimenting on the filter dataset the average accuracy after 10 runs are RF: 98.06%, SVM: 83.92%, MNB: 92.21%, KNN: 94.06%. Experimental results on the product dataset have an accuracy of RF: 83.02%, SVM: 55%, MNB: 79.33%, KNN: 79.36%.
Muscular Endurance and Strength as Predominant Factors on Spike among Young Volleyball Athletes

Most of physiological investigation in volleyball studies only discussed which body part is dominant when someone doing spike. There are still few studies to explore in more detail on what muscle works and roles of muscle is so crucial. This study aims to determine which part of the muscle has a more specific effect during spike movements. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method, participants in this study were female and male adolescent athletes obtained 42 participants, divided into 20 males and 22 females. Data on muscle endurance and strength were obtained by measuring the leg and back dynamometer, while the spike hit results collected from The Volleyball Test Skills for Smasher and performance were obtained using observation using a range of points 1-4, which is based on five spike phases: Initial Attitude, Initial Motion, Contact Motion, Follow through Motion, and Ball Placement. Data analysis used ANOVA test and simple regression. The results showed that the performance was significantly increased by the strength of the back muscles (p = 0.005 < 0.05) and abdominal muscles (p = 0.012 < 0.05), while the other components were supportive but not significant. Likewise, the strength of the inner leg muscles (p = 0.010 < 0.05) which has a very significant level of influence (p < 0.01) on the spike results. Strengthening back muscle and abdominal muscle endurance need to be the focus of the training program for young volleyball athletes because they are needed during spike movement and inner leg muscle strength is needed to obtain maximum spike jumps. Keywords: spike; endurance; strength; muscle; young athletes; volleyball
The orographic effect of Reunion Island on tropical cyclone track and intensity

Like Taiwan, the orography of Reunion Island may impact tropical cyclone (TC) track and intensity. A Mann–Whitney test is applied on best‐track data from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) La Reunion to demonstrate that this effect is detectable at less than 250 km from the island. A set of idealized experiments is carried out to investigate this effect with the French non‐hydrostatic mesoscale numerical model Meso‐NH at 12 and 4‐km horizontal grid spacing. Results show that the island influences TC track and intensity within two radii of maximum winds, defining a distance of influence. The impact is similar to an aspiration of the vortex by the island, accompanied by vortex weakening. An asymmetry is found between TCs passing north or south of the island and can be explained by the presence of the island in the flow.
Commercialization of Research Results – Overview of Assumptions and General Definitions

Abstract. The work is based on a literature review in the field of commercialization of scientific research – it presents various definitions of commercialization, the concept of indirect and direct commercialization, as well as ways of financing the commercialization of research results. The aim of the work is to present and learn about various approaches to the concept of commercialization, to show what forms the process of commercialization of research results takes place and how it can be financed. The aim is to identify and analyze the research area, because the work is an introduction to practical research and the creation of a model for the commercialization of scientific research results in the largest research network in Poland, dealing with i.e. providing attractive and competitive technological solutions.
Effects of Aging on Collagen in the Skeletal Muscle of Mice

Aging affects several tissues in the body, including skeletal muscle. Multiple types of collagens are localized in the skeletal muscle and contribute to the maintenance of normal muscle structure and function. Since the effects of aging on muscle fibers vary by muscle fiber type, it is expected that the effects of aging on intramuscular collagen might be influenced by muscle fiber type. In this study, we examined the effect of aging on collagen levels in the soleus (slow-twitch muscle) and gastrocnemius (fast-twitch muscle) muscles of 3-, 10-, 24-, and 28-month-old male C57BL/6J mice using molecular and morphological analysis. It was found that aging increased collagen I, III, and VI gene expression and immunoreactivity in both slow- and fast-twitch muscles and collagen IV expression in slow-twitch muscles. However, collagen IV gene expression and immunoreactivity in fast-twitch muscle were unaffected by aging. In contrast, the expression of the collagen synthesis marker heat shock protein 47 in both slow- and fast-twitch muscles decreased with aging, while the expression of collagen degradation markers increased with aging. Overall, these results suggest that collagen gene expression and immunoreactivity are influenced by muscle fiber type and collagen type and that the balance between collagen synthesis and degradation tends to tilt toward degradation with aging.
The perceived vulnerability to disease scale: Cross‐cultural measurement invariance and associations with fear of COVID‐19 across 16 countries

Using cross‐sectional data from N = 4274 young adults across 16 countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we examined the cross‐cultural measurement invariance of the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) scale and tested the hypothesis that the association between PVD and fear of COVID‐19 is stronger under high disease threat [that is, absence of COVID‐19 vaccination, living in a country with lower Human Development Index (HDI) or higher COVID‐19 mortality]. Results supported a bi‐factor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling model where items loaded on a global PVD factor, and on the sub‐factors of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion. However, cross‐national invariance could only be obtained on the configural level with a reduced version of the PVD scale (PVD‐r), suggesting that the concept of PVD may vary across nations. Moreover, higher PVD‐r was consistently associated with greater fear of COVID‐19 across all levels of disease threat, but this association was especially pronounced among individuals with a COVID‐19 vaccine, and in contexts where COVID‐19 mortality was high. The present research brought clarity into the dimensionality of the PVD measure, discussed its suitability and limitations for cross‐cultural research, and highlighted the pandemic‐related conditions under which higher PVD is most likely to go along with psychologically maladaptive outcomes, such as fear of COVID‐19.
Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Facilitates Weight Loss and Improves Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Despite the growing recognition of the obesity crisis, its rates continue to rise. The current first-line therapies, such as dietary changes, energy restriction, and physical activity, are typically met with poor adherence. Novel nutritional interventions can address the root causes of obesity, including mitochondrial dysfunction, and facilitate weight loss. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a multi-ingredient nutritional supplement designed to facilitate mitochondrial function and metabolic health outcomes over a 12 wk period. Methods: Fifty-five overweight and/or obese participants (age (mean ± SEM): 26 ± 1; body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): 30.5 ± 0.6) completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomized to 12 wks of daily consumption of multi-ingredient supplement (MIS; n = 28; containing 50 mg forskolin, 500 mg green coffee bean extract, 500 mg green tea extract, 500 mg beet root extract, 400 mg α-lipoic acid, 200 IU vitamin E, and 200 mg CoQ10) or control placebo (PLA, n = 27; containing microcrystalline cellulose) matched in appearance. The co-primary outcomes were bodyweight and fat mass (kg) changes. The secondary outcomes included other body composition measures, plasma markers of obesity, fatty liver disease biomarkers, resting energy metabolism, blood pressure, physical performance, and quality of life. The post-intervention differences between MIS and PLA were examined via ANCOVA which was adjusted for the respective pre-intervention variables. Results: After adjustment for pre-intervention data, there was a significant difference in weight (p < 0.001) and fat mass (p < 0.001) post-intervention between the PLA and MIS treatment arms. Post-intervention weight and fat mass were significantly lower in MIS. Significant post-intervention differences corrected for baseline were found in markers of clinical biochemistry (AST, p = 0.017; ALT, p = 0.008), molecular metabolism (GDF15, p = 0.028), and extracellular vesicle-associated miRNA species miR-122 and miR-34a in MIS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Following the 12 wks of MIS supplementation, weight and body composition significantly improved, concomitant with improvements in molecular markers of liver health and metabolism.
Design of motifs interfacial interactions by co‐evolved analysis of D‐amino acid dehydrogenase for stability enhancement

To design D‐amino acid dehydrogenase (DAADH) for enhanced stability, the interactions of the subunit interfaces of DAADH were analyzed. Interaction network analysis of DAADH indicated that there are only weak interactions between the A and B subunits. Several co‐evolved residue pairs were selected for mutation to enhance interfacial interactions of subunits, and 11 designed DAADHs were obtained. DA06 and DA11 were selected for experimental verification for their salt bridges are 1.4 and 1.2‐fold of that of DAwild, respectively. DA11 can maintain 93% activity in 80°C, while it was only 40% for DAwild. Thermostability study indicated the half‐life of DA11 was 2‐fold of DAwild. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the extraordinary stability of the DA11 was due to the formation of extra interfacial salt bridges. The article provides a strategy of mutations outside the active site of enzyme by co‐evolutionary analysis which can reduce the effect of the activity‐thermostability trade‐off.
Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study

Gliomas are the most frequent intrinsic central nervous system tumors. The new 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors brought significant changes into the classification of gliomas, that underline the role of molecular diagnostics, with the adult-type diffuse glial tumors now identified primarily by their biomarkers rather than histology. The status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 describes tumors at their molecular level and together with the presence or absence of 1p/19q codeletion are the most important biomarkers used for the classification of adult-type diffuse glial tumors. In recent years terminology has also changed. IDH-mutant, as previously known, is diagnostically used as astrocytoma and IDH-wildtype is used as glioblastoma. A comprehensive understanding of these tumors not only gives patients a more proper treatment and better prognosis but also highlights new difficulties. MR imaging is of the utmost importance for diagnosing and supervising the response to treatment. By monitoring the tumor on followup exams better results can be achieved. Correlations are seen between tumor diagnostic and clinical manifestation and surgical administration, followup care, oncologic treatment, and outcomes. Minimal resection site use of functional imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have become indispensable tools in invasive treatment. Perfusion imaging provides insightful information about the vascularity of the tumor, spectroscopy shows metabolic activity, and nuclear medicine imaging displays tumor metabolism. To accommodate better treatment the differentiation of pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse, or radiation necrosis is needed. In this report, we present a literature review of diagnostics of gliomas, the differences in their imaging features, and our radiology’s departments accumulated experience concerning gliomas.
Vascular and Myocardial Structure and Function in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: The CARDEA Study

Introduction. Despite heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with type 1 diabetes, few studies in this population have investigated the development of CVD using early markers in adolescence. We compared risk factors (blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemia) and early markers of CVD between adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes and explored effect modification by sex. Methods. Cross-sectional study using data from the CARdiovascular Disease risk in pEdiatric type 1 diAbetes (CARDEA) study. We recruited 100 adolescents with type 1 diabetes at the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center and 97 adolescents without diabetes (14–18 years). We measured arterial stiffness by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation test, as well as left ventricular (LV) mass, papillary mass, and wall thickness by cardiac MRI. We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the impact of type 1 diabetes on each outcome adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, adiposity, and familial income. Results. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes had 0.21 standard deviations (SD) (95% CI: 0.04; 0.38) higher diastolic blood pressure z-score (zDBP), 0.21 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.02; 0.40) higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, and 17% (95% CI: 4; 29) higher triglyceride levels and lower endothelial function based on acceleration (−77.4 cm/s2, 95% CI: −133.1; −21.6) compared with adolescents without diabetes. Girls with type 1 diabetes had higher systolic blood pressure z-score (zSBP), and boys with type 1 diabetes had lower LV mass and wall thickness compared to healthy peers. Conclusions. In addition to higher BP and abnormal lipid profiles, adolescents with type 1 diabetes present endothelial dysfunction and alterations in cardiac structure (in boys) compared to adolescents without diabetes, suggesting that CVD prevention should be incorporated into type 1 diabetes management early in the disease.
Study of a Novel High-Speed Compensated Pulsed Alternator With Multistage Stator Cores

The compensated pulsed alternators (CPAs) have good applications in high-energy lasers, electromagnetic rail guns, and other electromagnetic launch devices. Among various electrical machine topologies, homopolar inductor alternators (HIAs) have attracted interest as CPAs due to their merits of simple and reliable structure, brushless excitation, and high-speed operation. However, the length of the conventional HIA is difficult to expand because it is limited by the rotor diameter, and the rotor diameter is restricted by the maximum speed of rotor tip, which results in low-energy storage capacity of a single machine. Besides, HIA suffers from the relatively low-power density due to its unipolar air-gap flux density (UAFD). To solve these problems, two novel HIAs with multistage stator cores (HIA-MSCs) are proposed in this paper. One is HIA with UAFD (HIA-UAFD) and the other is HIA with unipolar and bipolar air-gap flux density (HIA-UBAFD). First, the structure and operation principle of HIA-MSCs are illustrated. Then, the key parameters of HIA-MSCs are derived, and the corresponding models are built. Finally, the electromagnetic performances of HIA-MSCs are investigated by 3-D finite-element analysis method. Compared with HIA-UAFD, HIA-UBAFD has relatively higher discharge current and output power, which indicates that HIA-UBAFD is a better candidate for the pulsed alternator.
Memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology

Archive Editions in association with the Palestine Exploration Fund present the re-publication of one of the great standard works of reference for Middle East studies the Survey of Western Palestine carried out between 1871 and 1877 by C. R. Condor and H. H. Kitchener, later Lord Kitchener. We have added the one volume of the Survey of Eastern Palestine to comply with the intention of the original surveyors. The dates 1882-1888 are relevant to the original publication of the volumes rather than the dates of the survey itself.