Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey on data quality

With high quality of data, enterprises will add value of business. How-ever, poor data has resulted in waste of resource, low service efficiency and high costs in every area. In this paper, we firstly focus on basic issues of data quality, like where the quality problems come from and how to describe it. Then we study some cases of data quality management from a holistic enterprise perspective to the details of perspective, that is, hierarchical management architecture, frameworks, approaches and algorithm. Quality assessment of data is also an important theme, which is used to show whether data is good enough and to help people master credibility of data quality. We study some assessment algorithm and models. When problem occur, what tools should be used in a project is also included in the paper. Finally, we provide some outstanding research topics and unresolved issues for future.
The Obesity and Fatty Liver Are Reduced by Plant-Derived Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28 in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

We evaluated the effect of an oral administration of a plant-derived lactic acid bacterium, Pediococcus pentosaceus LP28 (LP28), on metabolic syndrome by using high fat diet-induced obese mice. The obese mice were divided into 2 groups and fed either a high fat or regular diet for 8 weeks. Each group was further divided into 3 groups, which took LP28, another plant-derived Lactobacillus plantarum SN13T (SN13T) or no lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The lean control mice were fed a regular diet without inducing obesity prior to the experiment. LP28 reduced body weight gain and liver lipid contents (triglyceride and cholesterol), in mice fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks (40%, 54%, and 70% less than those of the control group without LAB, and P = 0.018, P<0.001, and P = 0.021, respectively), whereas SN13T and the heat treated LP28 at 121°C for 15 min were ineffective. Abdominal visceral fat in the high fat diet mice fed with LP28 was also lower than that without LAB by 44%, although it was not significant but borderline (P = 0.076). The sizes of the adipocytes and the lipid droplets in the livers were obviously decreased. A real-time PCR analyses showed that lipid metabolism-related genes, such as CD36 (P = 0.013), SCD1 encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (not significant but borderline, P = 0.066), and PPARγ encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (P = 0.039), were down-regulated by taking LP28 continuously, when compared with those of the control group. In conclusion, LP28 may be a useful LAB strain for the prevention and reduction of the metabolic syndrome.
AFFORDANCES FOR INTERACTION: THE SOCIAL IS MATERIAL FOR DESIGN

In this article, I explore an ecological approach to social interaction, using the concept of affordances to describe material properties of the environment that affect how people interact. My examples come mainly from the design of technologies that support collaboration. The physical properties of paper and electronic media—for instance electronic mail or video communication system—affects how they can be used and how people can use them to interact. Many of these effects are due to differences in the degree to which the media afford prediction and exploration. Because they are based on material properties, these affordances run deep, and trying to design against their grain is not easy. Difficulties of design, however, can shed light on subtleties of interaction that might otherwise be overlooked. Thus design is both guided by, and can guide, an ecological approach to social interaction. Nonetheless, design is only one example of the wide range of issues an ecological approach to social behaviour might address. Such an approach may provide as fundamental a challenge to existing perspectives on social interaction as it has to traditional theories of perception.
Power detectors and envelope detectors in mHEMT MMIC-technology for millimeterwave applications

Two types of microwave and millimeterwave power detectors realized in a commercial mHEMT MMIC-process is presented for the first time. The detectors are based on either a gate Schottky diode or active mHEMT. Possible application are microwave/millimeterwave power detectors, and multi Gb/s high speed demodulators for OOK, BPSK, QPSK etc.
A box-counting fractal dimension for feature extraction in iris recognition

Iris recognition is one of a popular Biometrics technique for identifying people. Normally, iris color and texture have been created since the first three months and they will be completed within one year. Iris will then remain unchanged until the end of one's life. Both sides of the iris eyes are different. Moreover, the iris is unique and independent for genealogy even though in twins. Iris recognition has several sequence steps, pre-processing, features extractions, post-processing, and matching. In this paper, a box-counting fractal dimension and low-high pass filters have been used to extract iris features. This method can speed up a process by reducing a number of features. The experimental results show 91.22% matching accuracy with approximately 2.76 seconds for each matching.
A Face Detector Based on Hausdorff Distance

Face detector is used very often as a previous step in some biometric applications, like face recognition or advanced human computer interaction,,which usually needs the face detection step to be efficient and robust enough to achieve better results. In this paper Hausdorff distance is used to search interested region, which is more similar to a face. A further verification step is taken to detect some false positives. Experiments show that the proposed face detector can perform accurate face detection even with complex background.
Market Potential and Income Inequality

This study assumes that non-homothetic preferences determine the flow of international trade. Empirical studies of international trade have commonly only considered demand from a representative consumer. This would not provide a complete picture of the aggregate market demand. Because of the prevalence of non-homothetic preferences in demand, firms that contemplate exports should consider the distribution of income within a country as an attribute of the corresponding market. This study evaluates the effect that income inequality may exert on a firm’s probability of selecting a particular export market. The theoretical framework is supported by discrete choice theory, and the empirical analysis uses export statistics for the OECD countries. The results indicate that uneven income distribution is perceived as an attractive feature of destinations for exports.
Towards standardized evaluation of developer-assistance tools

Over the last years, researchers proposed a variety of assistance tools to support developers in their development environments. Many of the respective publications introduce new evaluation strategies or use custom datasets. Size and quality of the performed evaluations differ. Additionally, the strategies often use metrics that are tailored to the respective tools. As a result, comparing different assistance tools is very difficult. In this work, we present a framework for the standardized evaluation of assistance tools, on the example of code recommenders. The framework combines different ideas and demands from previous work. Furthermore, we discuss how the community could jointly realize the framework.
Heterogeneity in Patient-Reported Outcomes following Low-Intensity Mental Health Interventions: A Multilevel Analysis

Background Variability in patient-reported outcomes of psychological treatments has been partly attributed to therapists – a phenomenon commonly known as therapist effects. Meta-analytic reviews reveal wide variation in therapist-attributable variability in psychotherapy outcomes, with most studies reporting therapist effects in the region of 5% to 10% and some finding minimal to no therapist effects. However, all except one study to date have been conducted in high-intensity or mixed intervention groups; therefore, there is scarcity of evidence on therapist effects in brief low-intensity psychological interventions. Objective To examine therapist effects in low-intensity interventions for depression and anxiety in a naturalistic setting. Data and Analysis Session-by-session data on patient-reported outcome measures were available for a cohort of 1,376 primary care psychotherapy patients treated by 38 therapists. Outcome measures included PHQ-9 (sensitive to depression) and GAD-7 (sensitive to general anxiety disorder) measures. Three-level hierarchical linear modelling was employed to estimate therapist-attributable proportion of variance in clinical outcomes. Therapist effects were evaluated using the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bayesian empirical predictions of therapist random effects. Three sensitivity analyses were conducted: 1) using both treatment completers and non-completers; 2) a sub-sample of cases with baseline scores above the conventional clinical thresholds for PHQ-9 and GAD-7; and 3) a two-level model (using patient-level pre- and post-treatment scores nested within therapists). Results The ICC estimates for all outcome measures were very small, ranging between 0% and 1.3%, although most were statistically significant. The Bayesian empirical predictions showed that therapist random effects were not statistically significantly different from each other. Between patient variability explained most of the variance in outcomes. Conclusion Consistent with the only other study to date in low intensity interventions, evidence was found to suggest minimal to no therapist effects in patient-reported outcomes. This draws attention to the more prominent source of variability which is found at the between-patient level.
Early childhood care and education quality initiatives in six Russian regions : comparative analysis in the light of international research and best practice

This synthesis report presents the findings from the six Early Childhood Care and Education, or ECCE regional policy reviews and summarizes research on selected quality issues raised in the regional reports. It comprises four chapters, the final of which presents conclusions and recommendations from the authors for the consideration of federal, regional and municipal authorities in Russian Federation. The introduction provides the institutional context and objectives of a regional policy review on the Quality of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) in the Russian Federation started by the UNESCO Moscow Office and the World Bank Russia in 2008. The first chapter on the social and operational context sets out the general social challenges that face early childhood care and education services in the Russian Federation. The chapter two reviews critical quality challenges for ECCE in the Russian Regions, namely: governance, resources and financing; service availability and access issues; and factors affecting program quality. The third chapter summarizes and reviews, from the perspective of the regions, the issues that the regions believe are important and for which, they would welcome help from the relevant authorities. Their concerns are grouped into four topic areas: (i) issues needing assistance from the federal level; (ii) issues to be solved at regional level; (iii) non? access issues that were raised by the regions; and (iv) plans to improve the quality of ECCE in the regions. The final fourth chapter presents conclusions and recommendations from the authors.
Design Proposed Features Extraction Recognition System of Latin Handwritten Text Based on 3D-Discrete Multiwavelet Transform

On-line handwriting recognition is the task of determining what letters or words are present in handwritten text. It is of significant benefit to man-machine communication and can assist in the automatic processing of handwritten documents. It is a subtask of the Optical Character Recognition (OCR), whose domain can be machine-print only.The introduced system is a character-based recognition and it is a writer independent system. The recognition responsibility of the proposed system is for 52 character classes [uppercases (A-Z) and the lowercases (a-z)]. The suggested system includes the essential stages needed for most of the pattern recognition systems. These stages are the preprocessing stage, the features extraction stage, the pattern matching and classification stage and the postprocessing stage. The proposed method employs the 3 Dimensional Multiwavelet transform 3D-DMWTCS using multiresolution image decomposition techniques working together with multiple classification methods as a powerful classifier. The classification stage is designed by using a minimum distance classifier depending on Euclidean Distance which has a high speed performance. The system design also includes a modest postprocessing stage that makes a consistency between the recognized characters within the same word in relation to their upper and lower cases.The overall classification accuracy of proposed systems can be obtained are 95.305 percent with 3D-DMWTCS based on the Rimes database.
Conversations--and Negotiated Interaction--in Text and Voice Chat Rooms.

Despite the expanded use of the Internet for language learning and practice, little attention if any has been given to the quality of interaction among English L2 speakers in conversational text or voice chat rooms. This study explored the patterns of repair moves in synchronous non-native speaker (NNS) text chat rooms in comparison to voice chat rooms on the Internet. The following questions were posed: (a) Which types of repair moves occur in text and voice chats; and (b) what are the differences, if any, between the repair moves in text chats and voice chats when time is held constant? Repair moves made by anonymous NNSs in 10, 5-minute, synchronous chat room sessions (5 text-chat sessions, 5 voice-chat sessions) were counted and analyzed using chi-square with alpha set at . 05. Significant differences were found between the higher number of total repair moves made in voice chats and the smaller number in text chats. Qualitative data analysis showed that repair work in voice chats was often pronunciation-related. The study includes discussion that may affect teachers' and learners' considerations of the value of NNS chat room interaction for second language development.
Exploiting the Use of Prior Probabilities for Passage Retrieval in Question Answering

Document Retrieval assumes that a document is independent of its relevance, and non-relevance. Previous works showed that the same assumption is being considered for passage retrieval in the context of Question Answering. In this paper, we relax this assumption and describe a method for estimating the prior of a passage being relevant, and non-relevant to a question. These prior probabilities are used in the process of ranking passages. We also describe a trivial method for identifying relevant and nonrelevant text to a question using the Web and AQUAINT corpus as information sources. An empirical evaluation on TREC 2006 Question Answering test set showed that in the context of Question Answering prior probabilities are necessary in ranking the passages.
Lattice and OR decomposition-based algorithms for recursive least squares adaptive nonlinear filters

A lattice structure for adaptive Volterra systems is presented. The structure is applicable to arbitrary planes of support of the Volterra kernels. A fast least-squares lattice algorithm and a fast QR-lattice adaptive nonlinear filtering algorithm based on the lattice structure are presented. These algorithms share the fast convergence property of fast least-squares transversal Volterra filters; however, unlike the transversal filters, they do not suffer from numerical instability. <<ETX>>
Webmozis – Web-based and Mobile Zoo Information Systema Case Study for the City of Osnabrueck

The use of modern electronic media offers new ways of (environmental) knowledge transfer. All kind of information can be made quickly available as well as queryable and can be processed individually.The Institute for Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing (IGF) in collaboration with the Osnabrueck Zoo, is developing a zoo information system, especially for new media (e.g. mobile devices), which provides information about the animals living there, their natural habitat and endangerment status. Thereby multimedia information is being offered to the zoo visitors.The implementation of the 2D/3D components is realized by modern database and Mapserver technologies. Among other technologies, the VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) standard is used for the realization of the 3D visualization so that it can be viewed in every conventional web browser. Also, a mobile information system for Pocket PCs, Smartphones and Ultra Mobile PCs (UMPC) is being developed.All contents, including the coordinates, are stored in a PostgreSQL database. The data input, the processing and other administrative operations are executed by a content management system (CMS).
Parallel simulation of communicating finite state machines

We describe, in this paper, a synchronization/deadlock resolution mechanism for a network of communicating finite state machines implemented on a parallel machine. As it is message-based, it is appropriate for distributed memory machines. The technique was inspired by a project at the Jet Propulsion laboratories whose goal is the specification and verification of the software used to control the interplanetary spacecraft operated by the laboratory. The network of communicating finite state machines makes use of write messages to alter the value of the variables describing the finite state machines and read messages to determine the state of the variables. Since a blocking protocol is employed, it is possible for deadlocks to occur. Consequently, we describe deadlock resolution algorithms. Our algorithms were implemented on an iPSC/2 hypercube, demonstrating good performance on a queueing network model.
High Altitude Dust Devils on Arsia Mons, Mars: Testing the Greenhouse and Thermophoresis Hypothesis of Dust Lifting

Introduction: High altitude dust devils on Arsia Mons were observed at elevations of ~17 km [1, 2]. It is not yet fully understood how particles of the order of a few μm in size are lifted from the surface into the atmosphere [3, 4]. The most common assumption is that wind stress picks up dust particles from the surface [5]. Wind speeds at mean elevation must be larger than ~30 m/s to lift particles and place them into atmospheric suspension [5, 6]. Such high winds occur locally on Mars, but the average wind speeds as measured at the Viking lander sites and values derived from global circulation models are much lower [7, 8]. At the elevations of the Arsia Mons Caldera the atmospheric pressure is around 1 mbar, which requires wind speeds 2–3 times higher than at the Mars mean elevation for particle entrainment. Greenhouse and Thermophoresis (GT) effect: We found that the simple illumination of a dust bed at low atmospheric pressure provides a mechanism that efficiently lifts dust particles into the atmosphere [9, 10]. This lifting process is caused by two subtle effects within the dust bed: a greenhouse effect and thermophoresis. Laboratory and microgravity experiments show that the light flux needed for lift to occur is in the same range as that of the solar insolation available on Mars. This mechanism significantly lowers the threshold for dust entrainment by wind stress and may help explain the large amount of suspended dust on Mars overall. Specifically, this lifting process may help provide the initial lift necessary for dust devils. Data and methods: We searched for active dust devils (dd) within the study region (236.5-243°E and 14-5°S) in Mars Orbiter Camera – Wide Angle (MOCWA) and Narrow Angle (MOC-NA), Thermal Emission Imaging System – Visible (THEMIS-VIS), High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) and Context Camera (CTX) data. Elevations of dds were derived from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and temperatures and pressures from Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data. The light flux (solar insolation) was calculated for each dd using the solar longitude and local time of the dd occurrence. All image data were analyzed in a Geographic Information system (Arc-GIS). The identification of dust devils is sometimes difficult, especially in low resolution image data (e.g., MOC-WA). A combination of multitemporal image data sets in Arc-GIS were used to rule out any geological features, which show similiarities to active dds.
Resilience to Chronic Stress Is Mediated by Hippocampal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Chronic stress is a trigger for several psychiatric disorders, including depression; however, critical individual differences in resilience to both the behavioral and the neurochemical effects of stress have been reported. A prominent mechanism by which the brain reacts to acute and chronic stress is activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which is inhibited by the hippocampus via a polysynaptic circuit. Alterations in secretion of stress hormones and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus were implicated in depression and the effects of antidepressant medications. However, the potential role of hippocampal BDNF in behavioral resilience to chronic stress and in the regulation of the HPA axis has not been evaluated. In the present study, Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 4 weeks of chronic mild stress (CMS) to induce depressive-like behaviors after lentiviral vectors were used to induce localized BDNF overexpression or knockdown in the hippocampus. The behavioral outcome was measured during 3 weeks after the CMS procedure, then plasma samples were taken for measurements of corticosterone levels, and finally hippocampal tissue was taken for BDNF measurements. We found that hippocampal BDNF expression plays a critical role in resilience to chronic stress and that reduction of hippocampal BDNF expression in young, but not adult, rats induces prolonged elevations in corticosterone secretion. The present study describes a mechanism for individual differences in responses to chronic stress and implicates hippocampal BDNF in the development of neural circuits that control adequate stress adaptations.