Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single Night Surveys of Moth Communities Can Serve as Ultra-Rapid Biodiversity Assessments

Simple Summary Assessing the biodiversity of a site is challenging, as a comprehensive survey of all plant and animal species is usually intractable due to limited resources. There is great interest in finding groups of organisms that may serve as proxies for the total biodiversity of a site. Numerous taxa have been proposed and utilized for rapid biodiversity assessments that allow for such a survey in a matter of weeks or less. Herein, we test the idea that nocturnal moths have many of the characteristics that make them ideal for such surveys. We demonstrate that even in a few hours of sampling during single night surveys, moth communities are predictive of regional forest types at sampling sites in New Jersey. An ordination method, known as non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses, revealed that moth communities differ significantly across the four forest types that we assessed. We used Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) R tests to quantify the degree of differentiation among moth communities, and found that the moth families Tortricidae and Geometridae predict forest communities nearly as well as the total moth diversity. Uncommon species were better predictors than common species. Host plant generalists were better predictors than specialists, which was a surprising find. Abstract Biodiversity conservation decisions are typically based on limited data and resources. For this reason, there is great interest in surveying taxa that may allow for a rapid assessment of the biodiversity at a site. Numerous taxa have been proposed and utilized for rapid assessments that allow for such a survey in a matter of weeks or less. Herein, we test the idea that nocturnal moths have many of the characteristics that make them ideal for such surveys, such as relative ease of identification, strong ecological association with specific plant species and habitats, high alpha diversity, extended seasonal activity, and ease of trapping. We demonstrate that even in a few hours of sampling during single night surveys, moth communities are predictive of regional forest types at sampling sites in New Jersey. We sampled moths in five different forest habitats in New Jersey, USA: Pine Barrens, Upland Deciduous Forest, Palustrine Deciduous Forest, Maritime Forest, and Ruderal/Disturbed Forests, at four sites per forest type. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses revealed that moth communities differ significantly across these four forest types (p < 0.01). We used Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) R tests to quantify the degree of differentiation among moth communities, and found that Tortricidae (R = 0.657) and Geometridae (R = 0.637) predict forest communities nearly as well as the total moth diversity (R = 0.668). Uncommon species (R = 0.665) were better predictors than common species (R = 0.500). Host plant generalists (R = 0.654) were better predictors than specialists (0.538), which was a surprising find.
Potential Application of Airborne Passive Microwave Observations for Monitoring Inland Flooding Caused by Tropical Cyclones

Abstract Inland flooding from tropical cyclones is a significant factor in storm-related deaths in the United States and other countries, with the majority of tropical cyclone fatalities recorded in the United States resulting from freshwater flooding. Information collected during National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tropical cyclone field experiments suggests that surface water and flooding can be detected and therefore monitored at a greater spatial resolution by using passive microwave airborne radiometers than by using satellite sensors. The 10.7-GHz frequency of the NASA Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) has demonstrated high-resolution detection of anomalous surface water and flooding in numerous situations. In this study, an analysis of three cases is conducted utilizing satellite and airborne radiometer data. Data from the 1998 Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) are utilized to detect surface water during the landfalling Hurricane Georges in both th.
Drone and Controller Detection and Localization: Trends and Challenges

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a rapidly growing technology seeing unprecedented adoption in various application sectors due to their viability and low cost. However, UAVs have also been used to perform illegal and malicious actions, which have recently increased. This creates a need for technologies capable of detecting, classifying, and deactivating malicious and unauthorized drones. This paper reviews the trends and challenges of the most recent UAV detection methods, i.e., radio frequency-based (RF), radar, acoustic, and electro-optical, and localization methods. Our research covers different kinds of drones with a major focus on multirotors. The paper also highlights the features and limitations of the UAV detection systems and briefly surveys the UAV remote controller detection methods.
Subharmonic generation in a driven asymmetric quantum well

Subharmonic generation in quantum wells may have important technological applications. Potentially it can be used to produce 'squeezed' states of THz radiation. Galdrikian and Birnir, Phys. Rec. Lett 29, 3308, derived density matrix dynamical equations for a many -body two-level system of electrons confined in an asymmetric square well. They showed numerically that the electron current density would undergo period-doubling bifurcations and thus produce subharmonics of the laser frequency (omega) . Their equations are averaged to second order at twice the frequency of the bare two-level system, (omega) 0. It is found that at (omega) equals 2(omega) 0 the period doubling bifurcation is similar to the one of the Duffing's equation.
Damage identification of structures based on sensitivity equations using PCA and PSD data

This article presents a novel model updating approach to the problem of structural damage identification. The approach is based on principal component analysis (PCA) of power spectral density (PSD) data obtained from incompletely measured structural responses. Damage detection was done by solving an innovative sensitivity equation based on least-squares optimization that could help solve the problem in a time-efficient manner and extend the results for industrial applications. Simulations of a 2D steel truss and a 2D steel frame were considered for a thorough comparison. The simulation results clearly showed the effectiveness of the method and its superior performance for solutions such as a PSD-only strategy and frequency response function (FRF) based data analysis along with singular value decomposition.
Stomatal Study of Introduced Species, Ligustrum lucidum Aiton (Oleaceae), in Coastal Areas of Japan

Alien, introduced, and non-native species expand their distribution through the development of various transportation networks. In Japan, Ligustrum lucidum Aiton (Oleaceae) was introduced in the mid-1800s for use as roadside trees, but has escaped from the planting area and spread everywhere. This species also invades coastal areas and has adapted to develop its characteristic features under various stress conditions. To clarify the adaptive features of L. lucidum in coastal areas, we conducted morphological and anatomical analyses. We found that the stomatal size of L. lucidum was smaller in the coastal populations than in inland populations, which is similar to the coastal adaptation pattern of L. japonicum Thunb. , a closely related native species. Our results suggest that strong selective pressure on coastal area conditions could force their leaves to avoid excessive transpiration, and such an adaptation pattern of L. lucidum could expand its distribution to various coastal areas.
The Impact of Late Follicular Phase Progesterone Elevation on Cumulative Live Birth Rate and Embryo Quality in 4072 Freeze-All Cycles

Late follicular phase progesterone elevation during in vitro fertilization impedes embryo implantation. It is unclear whether late follicular phase progesterone elevation still has a negative effect on cumulative live births and embryo quality when a freeze-all strategy is adopted. Data from a total of 4072 patients were reviewed. All patients used the freeze-all strategy. Multivariate regression analyses were used to assess the association of progesterone levels with both cumulative live birth and embryo quality. There was no significant difference in the cumulative live birth rate between the groups with progesterone level <1.5 ng/mL and ≥1.5 ng/mL. The progesterone level was not associated with cumulative live birth and embryo quality.
The role of genomic signatures of directional selection and demographic history in the population structure of a marine teleost with high gene flow

Abstract Recent studies have uncovered patterns of genomic divergence in marine teleosts where panmixia due to high gene flow has been the general paradigm. These signatures of divergent selection are often impacted by structural variants, acting as “supergenes” facilitating local adaptation. The highly dispersing European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)—in which putative structural variants (i.e., inversions) have been identified—has successfully colonized the brackish water ecosystem of the Baltic Sea. Thus, the species represents an ideal opportunity to investigate how the interplay of gene flow, structural variants, natural selection, past demographic history, and gene flow impacts on population (sub)structuring in marine systems. Here, we report on the generation of an annotated draft plaice genome assembly in combination with population sequencing data—following the salinity gradient from the Baltic Sea into the North Sea together with samples from Icelandic waters—to illuminate genome‐wide patterns of divergence. Neutral markers pointed at large‐scale panmixia across the European continental shelf associated with high gene flow and a common postglacial colonization history of shelf populations. However, based on genome‐wide outlier loci, we uncovered signatures of population substructuring among the European continental shelf populations, i.e., suggesting signs of ongoing selection. Genome‐wide selection analyses (xp‐EHH) and the identification of genes within genomic regions of recent selective sweeps—overlapping with the outlier loci—suggest that these represent the signs of divergent selection. Our findings provide support for genomic divergence driven by local adaptation in the face of high gene flow and elucidate the relative importance of demographic history versus adaptive divergence in shaping the contemporary population genetic structure of a marine teleost. The role of the putative inversion(s) in the substructuring—and potentially ongoing adaptation—was seemingly not substantial.
A minimal dynamical model of edge localized mode phenomena

A simple, low‐dimensional model of edge localized mode (ELM) phenomena is presented. ELM dynamics are determined by the interaction of few basic processes at the edge of tokamak plasma; these include the evolution of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure gradient driven instabilities, the low–high (L–H) transition (mediated by electric field shear induced suppression and generation), the fueling of the edge by neutral particles, and edge heating by thermal flux from the core plasma. In the parameter regime characteristic of an H‐mode plasma, the model exhibits a transition to stationary relaxation oscillations (i.e., stable limit cycle behavior) corresponding to ELMs. The dependence of ELM frequency, amplitude, etc. on the heating power Pin and other control parameters is studied. The transition from giant to grassy ELM behavior appears as a consequence of increasingly marginal stability to ideal ballooning as Pin increases. Several details of the dynamics of the ELM onset and behavior close to the L–H trans.
Evolution, trends, and narratives of cultural crowdfunding: the case of Norway

ABSTRACT With a lifelong path of funding struggles, cultural industries have been at the forefront of crowdfunding since its early stages in the beginning of this century. Worldwide, the volume of crowdfunding has been growing significantly and it has increasingly become a promising business model for cultural productions. However, research on cultural crowdfunding remains limited. The current study aims to understand how crowdfunding is shaping the cultural economy. We explore the evolution, trends and narratives of cultural crowdfunding, focusing on two crowdfunding platforms – Kickstarter and Bidra. By scrapping the universe of Norwegian cultural campaigns on these platforms in 2016–2021 and combining statistics with discourse analysis, the results demonstrate changes in cultural crowdfunding dynamics, with notable differences across cultural industries. Overall, cultural campaigns mainly acclaim artistic production and financial acquisition, also artists emphasize lack of finances (even in the case when public funding is given) and potential for product sales. This work demonstrates the growth and importance of cultural crowdfunding, especially for some industries (e.g. games), and highlights the need for cultural policy to consider crowdfunding as one of its instruments, extending, for instance, match-funding mechanisms. This study further contributes to the understanding of the cultural crowdfunding phenomenon for academics, policy-makers, and practitioners.
An Accurate Inverter Nonlinearity Compensation Method for IPMSM Torque Estimation Based on Numerical Fitting

The accurate compensation of inverter nonlinear voltages error (INVE) is of great significance in improving interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) field-oriented control system performance. In this article, the modeling and compensation of INVE are studied. First, the effect of parasitic capacitance between collector and emitter on INVE is divided into three cases, and specific mathematical models are given for different cases. Combining the INVE caused by the dead time, the turn-on and turn-off delay time of the switching device, and the voltage drop of the switching device and diode, an accurate INVE model is established. Second, to address the problem that it is difficult to deal with the relationship between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D(i_{X})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D(i_{X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/2) in the INVE acquisition method based on self-commissioning, an accurate INVE acquisition method based on modeling and numerical fitting is proposed to realize the compensation of INVE. On this basis, torque estimation accuracy in steady-state operation is proposed as the criterion to judge the merits of INVE compensation. Finally, experiments verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Cooperative Power-Domain NOMA Systems: An Overview

Interference has been a key roadblock against the effectively deployment of applications for end-users in wireless networks including fifth-generation (5G) and beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks. Protocols and standards for various communication types have been established and utilised by the community in the last few years. However, interference remains a key challenge, preventing end-users from receiving the quality of service (QoS) expected for many 5G applications. The increased need for better data rates and more exposure to multimedia information lead to a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme that aims to enhance spectral efficiency and link additional applications employing successive interference cancellation and superposition coding mechanisms. Recent work suggests that the NOMA scheme performs better when combined with suitable wireless technologies specifically by incorporating antenna diversity including massive multiple-input multiple-output architecture, data rate fairness, energy efficiency, cooperative relaying, beamforming and equalization, network coding, and space–time coding. In this paper, we discuss several cooperative NOMA systems operating under the decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward protocols. The paper provides an overview of power-domain NOMA-based cooperative communication, and also provides an outlook of future research directions of this area.
Impact of COVID-19-Related Social Isolation on Behavioral Outcomes in Young Adults Residing in Northern Italy

Social isolation strongly affects our emotions and behavior. Worldwide, individuals experienced prolonged periods of isolation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when authorities imposed restrictions to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we investigated the effects of social isolation on emotional and behavioral outcomes in young adults from Lombardy, Italy, a global hotspot of COVID-19. We leverage baseline (pre-social isolation) and follow-up (mid-or post isolation) data collected from young adults enrolled in the ongoing, longitudinal PHIME study. At baseline, 167 participants completed the ASEBA questionnaires (ASR/YSR) by weblink or in person; 65 completed the ASR between 12-18 weeks after the onset of restrictions. Using the sign test and multiple linear regression models, we examined differences in ASR scores between baseline and follow-up adjusting for sex, age, pre-pandemic IQ (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Tests; K-BIT 2), and time with social restrictions (weeks). Further, we examined interactions between sex and time in social isolation. Participants completed the ASR after spending an average of 14 weeks in social isolation (range 12-18 weeks). Thought Problems increased between baseline and follow-up (median difference 1.0; 1st., 3rd quartile: -1.0, 4.0; p=0.049). Among males, a longer time with social isolation ([≥] 14 weeks) was associated with increased rule-breaking behaviors of 2.8 points. These results suggest the social isolation related to COVID-19 adversely impacted mental health. In particular, males seem to externalize their condition. These findings might help future interventions and treatment to minimize the consequences of social isolation experience in young adults.
SETTING STRATEGY AT FIVE-STAR HOTEL USING VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS: CASE STUDY ON PT. SARASWATI GRIYA LESTARI, TBK

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to discuss about the application of value chain analysis model by using Crain and Abraham (2008) model consisting of upstream and downstream analysis. The model is applied to PT Saraswati Griya Lestari, Tbk which manages five-star hotel. This research describes the value chain in the company from the upstream to the downstream side. Through the discussion of the application of the model, this study provides several alternative strategies that can be applied by the company. The research method used is case study which aims to present structured, factual, and accurate information about the object that is under study. The case study method is used to identify the value chain in the company engaging in hotel services through upstream activities up to the downstream side. This study uses SWOT analysis method to identify strategic strengths and weaknesses, as well as threats and opportunities that can be followed up by the company. This study identifies a number of strengths and weaknesses of firms based on (for example) corporate financial analysis. The results of the analysis are set forth in the IFAS and EFAS tables. Based on value chain analysis from upstream to downstream, the company allows to apply relevant strategies to the character of products and services offered by PT Saraswati Griya Lestari, Tbk. This study provides a managerial impact on the company that is under study, i.e. the company can apply the application of setting strategy to achieve company goals and can improve the components that are considered less.
Grains in shocks in weakly ionized clouds. I : A one fluid treatment of grain dynamics

Les ondes de choc de type C sont etudiees en utilisant des traitements plus complets de l'equilibre d'ionisation, de la charge des grains, de la dynamique des grains, et de l'entrainement grain-neutre que ceux utilises anterieurement dans les modeles d'ondes de choc dans les nuages interstellaires denses.
DIFFERENCES OF LEPTONIC AND HADRONIC RADIATION PRODUCTION IN FLARING BLAZARS

In order to distinguish the leptonic from the hadronic origin of the non-thermal emission of a flaring blazar, we present a semi-analytical model that describes the temporal development of the emergent particles (i.e., photons and neutrinos) based on their leptonic and hadronic origins, respectively. The approach starts with the transport equation of the injected relativistic particles and takes spatial diffusion and continuous energy losses into account. On the one hand, a relativistic electron pick-up is considered, which leads to synchrotron, as well as external Compton emission; and on the other hand, a relativistic proton pick-up, which results in high-energy photons and neutrinos by inelastic proton–proton collisions. The temporal development of the emergent photon and neutrino intensities of blazar flares in hadronic and leptonic interaction scenarios are calculated, given useful predictions of flare durations and time lags between photons of different wavelength and high-energy neutrinos.
Alleviation of Catching and Crating Stress by Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis in Pekin Ducks

Simple Summary Probiotics have been primarily used as feed additives to improve poultry growth performance and health. This study determined the effects of probiotic supplementation on the physiological stress response and fear-related behaviour in ducks subjected to catching and crating. Results showed that probiotics, as measured by serum levels of corticosterone, heat shock protein 70, creatine kinase, triglyceride, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios, alleviated stress following crating. Fear-related behaviours in crated birds were dampened by probiotic supplementation. Abstract Catching and crating may elicit stress and fear reactions in poultry because the procedures involve human contact and exposure to a novel environment. This study determined the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on physiological stress, underlying fear, and growth performance of Pekin ducks subjected to catching and 4 h of crating. The study used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement; the main factors were diet (basal or basal + probiotic) and crating durations (0 or 4 h). From 1 to 21 days of age (doa), birds were fed a basal or basal + probiotic (CLOSTAT® (Bacillus subtilis) (Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA, USA), 1 g/kg) diet. At 21 doa, an equal number of ducklings from each dietary group were caught and crated for 4 h or left undisturbed in the home pens. Birds were examined for serum corticosterone (CORT), heat shock protein (HSP) 70, creatine kinase (CK), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), and lactate (LAC) concentrations, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (HLR), tonic immobility (TI) duration, open-field (OF) test, body weight (BW), and feed conversion ratios (FCR). Diet had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on CORT among the non-crated ducks. However, after catching and crating, birds fed the control diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher CORT than their probiotic-supplemented counterparts. Catching and crating significantly (p < 0.05) elevated HSP70, HLR, GLU, and CHOL but reduced TG in ducks. Birds fed the probiotic-supplemented diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower HSP70, HLR, TG, and CK than those fed the control diet. Probiotic-supplemented ducks showed reduced fear-related behaviours, including TI durations, ambulation latency, and body shaking. Diet had a negligible effect on body weights and FCR of ducks at 21 doa. In brief, catching and crating for 4 h augmented Pekin ducks’ physiological stress and fear reactions, and supplementing birds with probiotics was beneficial in ameliorating these detrimental effects.