Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Divide-and-conquer IDDQ testing for core-based system chips

IDDQ testing has been used as a test technique to supplement voltage testing of CMOS chips. The idea behind IDDQ testing is to declare a chip as faulty if the steady-state current drawn from the power supply after the application of a test vector exceeds a threshold value. A CMOS circuit only consumes leakage power after the switching transients settle down, and a large quiescent power-line current indicates a defective chip. With device counts in system chips crossing into millions, the leakage power is no more insignificant, making IDDQ tests unsafe. Yet, IDDQ tests are invaluable since they can catch faults that are not testable using voltage testing. In this paper, we propose a solution to make IDDQ testing practical for large system chips. Our technique is based on chip partitioning and scheduling the testing of partitions so that IDDQ testing can be safely practiced. We formulate partitioning as a constrained optimization problem and propose two algorithms for partitioning. The objective function for the optimization problem is the test execution time. We present experimental results to illustrate our methodology.
Tasks for Ontology Access , Processing , and Usage Deliverable TONES-D 10

Research about ontology access, processing, and usage paves the way for realizing important tasks in future applications requiring well-understood formal representation formalisms as well as efficient and industrial-strength implementations. In this report, we summarize the state of the art for most important application tasks of this kind that use ontologies as their backbone. In addition to a formalization of the tasks for some of the most important application scenarios, we also report on recent theoretical and practical advances for their realization that have been achieved as part of our work in the TONES project. c ©2006/TONES – August 31, 2006 2/80 TONES-D10– v.1. 1 FP6-7603 – TONES Thinking ONtologiES WP4 Document Change Record Version Date Reason for Change v.1. 0 August 10, 2006 First draft v.1. 1 August 31, 2006 Final version c ©2006/TONES – August 31, 2006 3/80 TONES-D10– v.1. 1 FP6-7603 – TONES Thinking ONtologiES WP4
Change detection using land use patterns in Indonesian areas

In this paper, we propose a novel change detection technique using land use patterns as a reference. Detection process is a combination of post classification and algebra techniques, i.e. each of bi-temporal images will be segmented and applying two kinds of algebraic operation on the images covers addition and substraction of two images. Subsequently, we will classifiy each of pixel into four classes namely class 1 and class 4 (related to uninteresting areas), class 2 (associated with no-change area), and class 3 (the growth of new areas in accordance with pattern which was identified from the second image). The pattern for class 3 is identified using classification model that is resulted from the previous research. The model will classify the area into corresponding patterns, namely corridor, block, cubicles, network, geometric, holes, or diffuse. The result of this technique is able to differentiate the change or no-change area.
Issue Linkage and Climate Regimes

Given the present climate regime, it is crucial to analyse whether an incentive strategy exists that could induce the US to revise their decision and to comply with the Kyoto commitments. One solution, occasionally proposed in the literature and in actual policymaking, is to link negotiations on climate change control with decisions concerning international R&D cooperation. This paper explores this idea by analysing on the one hand the incentives for the EU, Japan and Russia to adopt this strategy, and on the other hand the incentives for the US to join a coalition which cooperates both on climate change control and on technological innovation. The extended regime in which cooperation takes place on both dimensions (GHG emissions and R&D) will be examined from the view point of countries’ profitability and free-riding incentives.
University or job training: Korea and Germany compared

This study is the first to empirically compare the economic returns of human capital in South Korea and Germany. The study, based on the Mincer earnings model (1974), tested whether the wage gap between university graduates and those with lower educational levels is wider in South Korea than in Germany, due to differences in job training. The study estimated the wage gaps by employing random effects and quantile regressions, along with ordinary least squares. The data, which was taken from the “Korean Labor and Income Panel Study” and the “German Socio-Economic Panel,” covered the period 2004-2007 for males. The effects of university degrees on wages were about 40 percent higher than those of upper secondary school qualifications in both countries. However, this gap seemed to be wider in South Korea when observing individual heterogeneity. The effects of job training completed two years prior were 17–31 percent in Germany and 2.7–10 percent in Korea. In the case of job training completed one to six years earlier, German training also demonstrated stronger effects on wages in the longer term. The results revealed that training compensated for any educational wage differentials more strongly in Germany than in South Korea.
Type I Interferons in Newborns—Neurotoxicity versus Antiviral Defense

ABSTRACT In most children and adults, primary infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is asymptomatic. However, very rarely (incidence of 1 in 1,000,000), it can cause herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). HSE also occurs in infants but with a much starker incidence of one in three. This age difference in susceptibility to HSV-1-caused HSE is not well understood. In a recent article in mBio, authors have identified the choroid plexus as the anatomical site of robust HSV-1 replication in the brain. They point to low levels of type I interferon (IFN) receptor as causal of the lack of HSV-1 replication control in neonates, in contrast to adults. Here, I discuss these findings in the context of human genetic evidence. I point to the balancing act of type I IFN acting as a neurotoxin and an antiviral agent, an evolutionary choice of a lesser evil.
Efficacy of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice and a toothbrush with tongue cleaner in the treatment of oral malodor: A monadic clinical trial

Aim: Oral malodor (halitosis) is a widespread condition caused by oral bacteria, particularly sulfur compound-producing species. This study assessed the effect of a triclosan/copolymer-containing dentifrice and a novel toothbrush with attached tongue cleaner on oral malodor and on the bacteria colonizing the dorsal surface of the tongue. Materials and Methods: 14 adult subjects with oral malodor defined as organoleptic scores ≥ 3 (scale 0 - 5) and mouth air sulfur levels ≥ 250 ppb participated in this study. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 28 days use of the triclosan dentifrice and toothbrush/tongue cleaner for: 1) organoleptic assessment; 2) mouth air sulfur levels; 3) tongue coating; and, 4) dorsal tongue surface microorganisms. Total bacterial numbers were assayed by microscopy. Dot-blot hybridization was used to assess a panel of 20 oral bacteria. Results: After 28 days, all subjects had significantly reduced organoleptic scores and mouth air sulfur levels compared to baseline (p 70% reduction in microbial numbers (p Enterococcus faecalis (p Peptostreptococcus micros (p Prevotella melaninogenica (p Porphyromonas gingivalis (p Solobacterium moorei (p
Pigeon: a framework for testing peer-to-peer massively multiplayer online games over heterogeneous network

How to support massively multiplayer online games (MMGs) on the internet has been a hotspot in the industry and research field. With consideration to the scalability and low cost, the peer-to-peer (P2P) system has been expected to support MMGs. The premise of most of the existing P2P-based Communication Models (PCMs) for MMGs is that the network environment is homogeneous. However, we believe that the network's heterogeneity has a significant impact on the latency in network communication. Here, we present a physical-level simulator for PCM, named Pigeon. It is portable for different P2P protocols, communication models and RPG applications. The Pigeon aims to provide a general platform to test the performance of various PCMs on a heterogeneous network. The preliminary experiments on the Pigeon show some valuable results. Index Terms—MMGs, Peer-to-Peer, Heterogeneity, Latency, Physical-level
Gratitude for Better or Worse: Differential Predictors and Affective Outcomes of State Gratitude in Positive and Negative Contexts

Whereas past studies primarily examined state-level gratitude measured across long periods of time and in the context of positive events, this study assessed situational predictors of state gratitude and its affective outcomes in the context of specific positive and negative naturalistic events. Across seven weeks, 147 undergraduates recorded best and worst weekly events, depressive symptoms, as well as gratitude and positive affect (PA) anchored to those events. Independent raters coded events as dependent or independent of participants’ agency and interpersonal or noninterpersonal. Multilevel models showed there was a significant interaction between agency and interpersonal status for positive events, and simple effects tests indicated participants reported higher levels of gratitude for independent-interpersonal events compared to other potential event types. Unexpectedly, participants also reported higher gratitude for dependent events if they were interpersonal in nature. Negative event-anchored state gratitude was also higher for interpersonal events as indicated by a significant main effect. Lastly, within-person variability in event-anchored state gratitude was associated with higher state PA following both best and worst events, but only state gratitude anchored to best events was related to lower weekly depressive symptoms. Overall, results demonstrated that naturally occurring state gratitude for specific events was differentially impacted by situational factors, and that within-person variability in gratitude following both positive and negative events is related to positive affective outcomes.
Efficient Generalized Fused Lasso and its Application to the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Generalized fused lasso (GFL) penalizes variables with L1 norms based both on the variables and their pairwise differences. GFL is useful when applied to data where prior information is expressed using a graph over the variables. However, the existing GFL algorithms incur high computational costs and they do not scale to high-dimensional problems. In this study, we propose a fast and scalable algorithm for GFL. Based on the fact that fusion penalty is the Lov'asz extension of a cut function, we show that the key building block of the optimization is equivalent to recursively solving parametric graph-cut problems. Thus, we use a parametric flow algorithm to solve GFL in an efficient manner. Runtime comparisons demonstrated a significant speed-up compared with the existing GFL algorithms. By exploiting the scalability of the proposed algorithm, we formulated the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease as GFL. Our experimental evaluations demonstrated that the diagnosis performance was promising and that the selected critical voxels were well structured i.e., connected, consistent according to cross-validation and in agreement with prior clinical knowledge.
The Edinger-Westphal–Lateral Septum Urocortin Pathway and Its Relationship to Alcohol Consumption

Identifying and characterizing brain regions regulating alcohol consumption is beneficial for understanding the mechanisms of alcoholism. To this aim, we first identified brain regions changing in expression of the inducible transcription factor c-Fos in the alcohol-preferring C57BL/6J (B6) and alcohol-avoiding DBA/2J (D2) mice after ethanol consumption. Drinking a 5% ethanol/10% sucrose solution in a 30 min limited access procedure led to induction of c-Fos immunoreactivity in urocortin (Ucn)-positive cells of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW), suppression of c-Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal portion of the lateral septum (LS) of both strains of mice, and strain-specific suppression in the intermediate portion of the LS and the CA3 hippocampal region. Because the EW sends Ucn projections to the LS, and B6 and D2 mice differ dramatically in EW Ucn expression, we further analyzed the Ucn EW–LS pathway using several genetic approaches. We find that D2 mice have higher numbers of Ucn-immunoreactive processes than B6 mice in the LS and that consumption of ethanol/sucrose in the F2 offspring of a B6D2 intercross positively correlates with Ucn immunoreactivity in the EW and negatively correlates with Ucn immunoreactivity in the LS. In agreement with these findings, we find that alcohol-avoiding male B6.D2Alcp1 line 2.2 congenic mice have lower Ucn immunoreactivity in the EW than male B6.B6 mice. Finally, we also find that HAP mice, selectively bred for high alcohol preference, have higher Ucn immunoreactivity in EW, than LAP mice, selectively bred for low alcohol preference. Taken together, these studies provide substantial evidence for involvement of the EW–LS Ucn pathway in alcohol consumption.
Energy Models for Graph Clustering

The cluster structure of many real-world graphs is of great interest, as the clusters may correspond e.g. to communities in social networks or to cohesive modules in software systems. Layouts can naturally represent the cluster structure of graphs by grouping densely connected nodes and separating sparsely connected nodes. This article introduces two energy models whose minimum energy layouts represent the cluster structure, one based on repulsion between nodes (like most existing energy models) and one based on repulsion between edges. The latter model is not biased towards grouping nodes with high degrees, and is thus more appropriate for the many real-world graphs with right-skewed degree distributions. The two energy models are shown to be closely related to widely used quality criteria for graph clusterings { namely the density of the cut, Shi and Malik’s normalized cut, and Newman’s modularity { and to objective functions optimized by eigenvector-based graph drawing methods.
The influence of stent length on clinical and angiographic outcome in patients undergoing elective stenting for native coronary artery lesions; final results of the Magic 5L Study.

AIMS To prospectively evaluate the influence of stent length on 6 month clinical and angiographic outcome, in patients with native coronary lesions up to 45 mm in length, undergoing elective Magic Wallstent implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS On the basis of pre-procedural angiography, 276 patients (aged 61.3+/-10.2 years; 78.6% male; 41.7% unstable angina) with a total of 302 lesions were prospectively assigned to one of five different length categories of Magic Wallstent. Angiography in multiple matched projections before and after implantation and at 6 months follow-up was analysed at the core laboratory. Primary end-points for the efficacy analysis were cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events and quantitative coronary angiography analysis 6 months after stent implantation. Magic Wallstent implantation was successful in 301 of 302 lesions and in 98.6% a residual stenosis <20% by online quantitative coronary angiography was achieved. At 30 days, 6.2% (1.8% subacute occlusion) of patients had experienced major adverse cardiac events, 27.5% at 6 months and 30.4% at 9 months. Angiographic restenosis occurred in 37%. Restenosis rates for the mini, extra-short, short, medium and long Wallstent groups were 25.9%, 25%, 22.6%, 36.2% and 67.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed stent length to be independently associated with greater angiographic restenosis and major adverse cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS While shorter Magic Wallstents provided late outcomes comparable with short balloon-expandable stents, excessive restenosis with longer Wallstents should obviate their use in elective percutaneous intervention. Long coronary lesions provide a challenging substrate for emerging antirestenosis therapies, such as stent coatings and brachytherapy.
BmTx3B, a novel scorpion toxin from Buthus martensi Karsch, inhibits delayed rectifier potassium current in rat hippocampal neurons.

AIM To examine the effect of BmTx3B, a novel short-chain peptide isolated from the venom of Asian scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, on voltage-gated potassium channels. METHODS Two types of voltage-dependent potassium currents were recorded from dissociated hippocampal neurons of neonatal rat in whole-cell voltage-clamp mode, and separated based upon their kinetic properties. RESULTS BmTx3B (10-100 micromol/L) selectively inhibited the delayed rectifier potassium current (I(K)), without affecting the fast transient potassium current (I(A)). The inhibition of the peptide on I(K) was reversible, concentration-dependent and voltage-independent. BmTx3B did not affect the steady-state activation and inactivation kinetics of the current. CONCLUSION The short-chain scorpion peptide BmTx3B selectively blocked the delayed rectifier potassium channel.
The Educational Semantic Web and Associated Technologies for Adaptability in Adaptive Learning Systems

The goal of this paper is to examine the issue of the semantic web and LO in ALS to assemble and generate, from a repository of LO, a course adapted to the needs, according to goals and preferences of a given learner. This objective is a part of the current work we undertake in the project ALS-PL (Adaptive Learning Systems for the Programming Language). What interest us more particularly in this paper is the question of the LOs and the granularity of the contents for a reuse and an efficient search. We are also interested in the impact of the semantics by taking into account educational standards, in order to elaborate a semantic model of the Los, and therefore an educational semantic Web. General Terms Semantic Web, Adaptive Learning System
Inovação em serviços de saúde: uma contribuição através do ciclo reverso e a escala SERVQUAL

Este artigo busca difundir a importância da inovacao no segmento de saude como uma estrategia competitiva, uma vez que o surgimento de novas tecnologias e um dos fatores em destaque na busca pela inovacao. Nesta perspectiva, apresentamos primeiramente um levantamento bibliografico caracterizando o setor de servicos, algumas dimensoes sobre inovacao para o setor em estudo, e em seguida propor uma metodologia de avaliacao dos servicos de saude que possa contribuir para a inovacao e satisfacao de seus clientes. Quanto ao aspecto metodologico, utilizamos a pesquisa bibliografica, com abordagem qualitativa, de carater exploratorio. O estudo ainda apresenta o envolvimento da inovacao atraves do “Ciclo Reverso do Produto” proposto por Barras (1986) e a avaliacao do servico atraves da Escala SERVQUAL baseada no modelo dos cinco gaps, tendo em vista a contribuicao do metodo para o desenvolvimento de uma gestao favoravel a inovacao em servicos de saude (sejam eles relacionados ao âmbito publico ou privado). Diante da especificidade do setor de servicos e a dinamicidade da inovacao, consideravel notoriedade sera dada a perspectiva do cliente, frente ao alto grau de contato (interface) e instantaneidade com que ocorre em sua prestacao.
A TCP-friendly traffic marker for IP differentiated services

The differentiated services architecture allows the provision of "better-than-best-effort" services in the Internet. However the performance of legacy TCP applications over differentiated services is still influenced by bursty packet loss behavior. This paper proposes the use of TCP-friendly building blocks in the Diffserv architecture, and in particular, a TCP-friendly traffic marker to enhance TCP performance over assured service. We present the marker design and resulting performance improvements in terms of improved predictability of service, reduced provisioning requirements, better fairness and fewer TCP timeouts. Though the marker improves assured service performance predictability compared to a simple token bucket marker, the performance is still dependent to some extent on TCP dynamics.
Lazy XML Parsing/Serialization Based on Literal and DOM Hybrid Representation

Distributed SOA computing environments usually use SOAP intermediaries that sit between senders and receivers to mediate SOAP messages. The intermediaries may add support services to the SOAP message exchange, such as routing, logging, and security. The typical processing by a SOAP intermediary is parsing the incoming SOAP messages, checking the data in each message, and then serializing the messages to put them back into the network. DOM is one of the popular interfaces to navigate an XML tree. Existing DOM implementations are not efficient for SOAP intermediary processing. Existing DOM implementations parse XML data to create tree data and traverse the tree data for serialization. Typically, a SOAP intermediary rarely modifies the tree data. In such situations, creating the tree data and serializing it back into XML data is computationally expensive. We propose a DOM implementation based on a hybrid data representation that uses both literal XML and DOM objects. In our implementation, a SOAP intermediary stores the original literal XML representation and reuses it to avoid traversing all of the tree data during serialization. We prototyped the DOM implementation and evaluated its performance.
Merged identity of student-athletes and achievement goals across school and sport

ABSTRACT Student-athletes balance two demanding roles as students and athletes. The current study tested whether student-athletes that saw these roles as merged (i.e. merged identity) were more likely to have similar motivation for school and sport. Collegiate student-athletes (N = 76) completed online surveys assessing merged identity (using a novel measure with pictorial and open-ended response elements) and achievement goals. Cluster analyses identified students with similar motivational profiles in academics and athletics. Students higher on the merged identity measure were more likely to report matching motivational profiles. Results shed light on the role identity plays in student-athletes’ motivation across domains.
INTERPRETATION AND EXTENSION OF THE SPATIALLY SELECTIVE NOISE FILTRATION TECHNIQUE

Spatially selective noise filtration (SSNF) [11] is an effici ent basic noise reduction technique that can be very effective in deno isi g. We first show that it indeed performs iterative hard-thresho lding at each scale. Based on this fact, we establish the convergence of th algorithm. It is also shown that the iterative procedure in S SNF is not needed and we employ a fixed-point algorithm (FPA) to find the final threshold. Hence, the computational burden is high ly reduced. We test the application of the fixed-point algorithm t o an extended version of SSNF [5] where the residual is character ized by the first and second order statistics. Experimental resul ts with signals of different smoothness classes show better perfor mance than other methods.