Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery and Explanation of Drug-Drug Interactions via Text Mining

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can occur when two drugs interact with the same gene product. Most available information about gene-drug relationships is contained within the scientific literature, but is dispersed over a large number of publications, with thousands of new publications added each month. In this setting, automated text mining is an attractive solution for identifying gene-drug relationships and aggregating them to predict novel DDIs. In previous work, we have shown that gene-drug interactions can be extracted from Medline abstracts with high fidelity - we extract not only the genes and drugs, but also the type of relationship expressed in individual sentences (e.g. metabolize, inhibit, activate and many others). We normalize these relationships and map them to a standardized ontology. In this work, we hypothesize that we can combine these normalized gene-drug relationships, drawn from a very broad and diverse literature, to infer DDIs. Using a training set of established DDIs, we have trained a random forest classifier to score potential DDIs based on the features of the normalized assertions extracted from the literature that relate two drugs to a gene product. The classifier recognizes the combinations of relationships, drugs and genes that are most associated with the gold standard DDIs, correctly identifying 79.8% of assertions relating interacting drug pairs and 78.9% of assertions relating noninteracting drug pairs. Most significantly, because our text processing method captures the semantics of individual gene-drug relationships, we can construct mechanistic pharmacological explanations for the newly-proposed DDIs. We show how our classifier can be used to explain known DDIs and to uncover new DDIs that have not yet been reported.
Large-scale evaluation of dependency-based DSMs: Are they worth the effort?

This paper presents a large-scale evaluation study of dependency-based distributional semantic models. We evaluate dependency-filtered and dependency-structured DSMs in a number of standard semantic similarity tasks, systematically exploring their parameter space in order to give them a “fair shot” against window-based models. Our results show that properly tuned window-based DSMs still outperform the dependency-based models in most tasks. There appears to be little need for the language-dependent resources and computational cost associated with syntactic analysis.
Low cost and high speed embedded two-rail code checker

We propose a compact, high-speed, and highly testable parallel two-rail code checker, particularly suitable to implementing embedded checkers. In fact, it requires only two input codewords to satisfy the totally-self-checking or strongly code-disjoint property with respect to a wide set of realistic internal faults. Our checker can be employed to check the correct operation of a connected functional block using the two-rail code, to implement the output two-rail code checker of "normal" checkers for unordered codes, or to join together the error messages produced by various checkers (possibly using different codes) present within the same self-checking system. The behavior of our checker has been verified by means of electrical level simulations (performed using HSPICE), considering both nominal values and statistical variations of electrical parameters. We also propose a possible modification to our checker internal structure that makes it able to provide an output error indication remaining latched until the application of a proper reset signal. Depending on the considered application and recovery technique to be employed upon the generation of an error indication at the checker output, one proposed solution or the other may be preferable.
Cognitive Ameliorating Effect of Acanthopanax koreanum Against Scopolamine‐Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae) is one of the most widely cultivated medicinal plants in Jeju Island, Korea, and the roots and stem bark of A. koreanum have been traditionally used as a tonic agent for general weakness. However, the use of A. koreanum for general weakness observed in the elderly, including those with declined cognitive function, has not been intensively investigated. This study was performed to investigate the effect of the ethanol extract of A. koreanum (EEAK) on cholinergic blockade‐induced memory impairment in mice. To evaluate the ameliorating effects of EEAK against scopolamine‐induced memory impairment, mice were orally administered EEAK (25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg), and several behavioral tasks, including a passive avoidance task, the Y‐maze, and a novel object recognition task, were employed. Besides, western blot analysis was conducted to examine whether EEAK affected memory‐associated signaling molecules, such as protein kinase B (Akt), Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB). The administration of EEAK (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated the scopolamine‐induced cognitive impairment in the passive avoidance task, the Y‐maze, and the novel object recognition task. The phosphorylation levels of both Akt and CaMKII were significantly increased by approximately two‐fold compared with the control group because of the administration of EEAK (100 or 200 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the phosphorylation level of CREB was also significantly increased compared with the control group by the administration of EEAK (200 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). The present study suggests that EEAK ameliorates the cognitive dysfunction induced by the cholinergic blockade, in part, via several memory‐associated signaling molecules and may hold therapeutic potential against cognitive dysfunction, such as that presented in neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ARE STRENGTHS THE SOLUTION? AN EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TEACHER-RATED STRENGTHS, CLASSROOM BEHAVIOUR, AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF YOUNG STUDENTS

Strength-based approaches are being increasingly validated for use in clinical settings with children and youth. However, the role that strengths play in educational settings with typically-achieving students has yet to be examined. The present study explored the relationship among strengths, classroom behaviour, and academic achievement for a sample of 54 students in Grades 1 and 2. Results showed that teachers rated female students as having more strengths than male students. For both sexes, academic achievement was most highly related to strengths in School Functioning and prosocial behaviour. Strengths in Peer Relationships were significantly related to achievement only for male students. Discussion of these findings, as well as implications for practice are presented.
A METHOD OF THE COMPONENT SELECTION FOR THE TEMPOGRAM SELECTOR IN TEMPO ESTIMATION

In the study, we propose a method to select components from datasets to form two kinds of categorizes {reqProcessing, noProcessing} for tempogram selector, which is built from a classifier. The research utilizes the low pass filtering (LPF) as the processing, so there are two tempogram with LPF or without LPF. The trained classifier is used to select the best out of the tempograms, which represents the results 2 tempi and strength of tempo estimation. The submission is 1 st place of at-least-onecorrect index and 2 nd place of P-score index in MIREX 2013 audio tempo estimation contest. Index Terms – Tempo Estimation, Tempogram Selector, Component Selection
Spatiotemporal Sparse Bayesian Learning With Applications to Compressed Sensing of Multichannel Physiological Signals

Energy consumption is an important issue in continuous wireless telemonitoring of physiological signals. Compressed sensing (CS) is a promising framework to address it, due to its energy-efficient data compression procedure. However, most CS algorithms have difficulty in data recovery due to nonsparsity characteristic of many physiological signals. Block sparse Bayesian learning (BSBL) is an effective approach to recover such signals with satisfactory recovery quality. However, it is time-consuming in recovering multichannel signals, since its computational load almost linearly increases with the number of channels. This work proposes a spatiotemporal sparse Bayesian learning algorithm to recover multichannel signals simultaneously. It not only exploits temporal correlation within each channel signal, but also exploits inter-channel correlation among different channel signals. Furthermore, its computational load is not significantly affected by the number of channels. The proposed algorithm was applied to brain computer interface (BCI) and EEG-based driver's drowsiness estimation. Results showed that the algorithm had both better recovery performance and much higher speed than BSBL. Particularly, the proposed algorithm ensured that the BCI classification and the drowsiness estimation had little degradation even when data were compressed by 80%, making it very suitable for continuous wireless telemonitoring of multichannel signals.
Cognitive Biases, Cognitive Limits, and Risk Communication

How should marketers communicate risk information? In discussing this question, the author begins with basic economic theory and expected utility theory. He then discusses the limitations that result from misestimation of probability, the need to deal with many risks at once, and the existence of individual differences in risk preference. He reviews the problem of cognitive biases, such as the tendency to favor harms of omission over harms of direct action, and concludes with suggestions for the design of risk communication that take into account these factors.
A Study of Theory of Mind in Paranoid Schizophrenia: A Theory or Many Theories?

Social cognitive psychologists (Frith, 1992; Hardy-Baylé et al., 2003) sought to explain the social problems and clarify the clinical picture of schizophrenia by proposing a model that relates many of the symptoms to a problem of metarepresentation, i.e., theory of mind (ToM). Given the differences in clinical samples and results between studies, and considering the wide range of what is considered to constitute ToM, one must ask if there a core function, or is ToM multifaceted with dissociable facets? If, there are dissociable dimensions or facets, which are affected in patients with paranoid schizophrenia? To answer these questions, a group of 21 individuals diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and 29 non-clinical control subjects, were tested on a battery of five different measures of ToM. The results confirmed that there was little difference in specificity of three of the tests in distinguishing between the clinical and non-clinical group, but there were important differences in the shared variance between the tests. Further analyses hint at two dimensions although a single factor with the same variance and the same contributing weights in both groups could explain the results. The deficits related to the attribution of cognitive and affective states to others inferred from available verbal and non-verbal information. Further analyses revealed that incorrect attributions of mental states including the attribution of threatening intentions to others, non-interpretative responses and incomplete answers, depending on the test of ToM.
The Effect of Using a Weighted Softball on Pitching Velocity, Wrist Strength and Handgrip

The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of a weighted softball in training to improve throwing velocity, wrist strength and handgrip of novice softball pitchers. Subjects were 37 female college students, assigned to a weighted ball or regulation ball group. Both groups completed the same six-week training program, incorporating lob pitching and distance throwing routines. Findings provide little support for the weighted ball. Recommendations were made for continued research.
Is There a Career Penalty for Mothers' Time Out?: A Comparison of Germany, Sweden and the United States

This article focuses on three countries with distinct policies toward motherhood and work: Germany, Sweden and the United States. We analyze the length of mothers' time out of paid work after childbirth and the short-term career consequences for mothers. In the United States, we identify a career punishment even for short timeout periods; long time-out periods increase the risk of a downward move and reduce the chances of an upward move. In Germany, long time-out periods destabilize the career and, the longer the leave, the greater the risk of either an upward or downward move. In Sweden, we find a negative effect of time out on upward moves. Hence, even in "woman-friendly" Sweden, women's career prospects are better if they return to paid work sooner rather than later.
The crystal structure of a TIR domain from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a conserved helical region unique to plants

Plants use a highly evolved immune system to exhibit defense response against microbial infections. The plant TIR domain, together with the nucleotide‐binding (NB) domain and/or a LRR region, forms a type of molecule, named resistance (R) proteins, that interact with microbial effector proteins and elicit hypersensitive responses against infection. Here, we report the first crystal structure of a plant TIR domain from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtTIR) solved at a resolution of 2.0 Å. The structure consists of five β‐strands forming a parallel β‐sheet at the core of the protein. The β‐strands are connected by a series of α‐helices and the overall fold mimics closely that of other mammalian and bacterial TIR domains. However, the region of the αD‐helix reveals significant differences when compared with other TIR structures, especially the αD3‐helix that corresponds to an insertion only present in plant TIR domains. Available mutagenesis data suggest that several conserved and exposed residues in this region are involved in the plant TIR signaling function.
West Nile virus and kidney disease

West Nile virus (WNV), the causative agent of West Nile fever and West Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans, has become endemic in many countries in all continents. Concerns on long-term mobility from WNV have arisen from recent studies that reported chronic kidney disease in patients who recovered from WNV infection, supported by data from animal models that showed prolonged excretion of the virus with urine. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the results of studies in the literature that investigated WNV infection of the kidney in humans and in animal models and WNV excretion with urine, the potential damage to the kidney caused by WNV infection, the risk of WNV disease in kidney transplant recipients, the significance of detecting WNV in urine and its use in the diagnosis of WNV infection, and kidney involvement by other mosquito-borne flaviviruses.
Uplink Inter-Cell Interference Coordination through Soft Frequency Reuse

In this paper, we study an uplink ICIC (Inter-cell Interference Coordination) mechanism based on the principle of soft frequency reused SFR. The proposed approach exploits the flexibility of frequency selective scheduling and rate adaptation, while dynamically limiting the interference experienced by the neighboring cells to a predefined limit. The technique provides a flexible and efficient way of sharing UL resources between the cell-edge and cell-center users, without the need to statically classify each user into one of these two categories. It avoids the loss of trunking efficiency inherent in static classification of users according to their geographical location within the serving cell. We analyze the proposed method, and evaluate its performance using LTE as an example.
Spirituality, Culture and the Politics of Environmentalism in India

Three main themes run through this article. The first theme points out the distinct character of environmental activist movements India. Unlike environmental movements in the West, they are firmly tied to issues of social justice and equity, human rights and women's rights, and are for the survival of the large number of very poor who depend on the resources of their immediate environment. Religious symbolism is embedded in these activist movements. The second theme indicates the practice of utilitarian conservationism as opposed to protectionist conservationism by Hindus in their daily life. The role played by Hindu tradition in such cognitions and behaviours is explored. The third and final theme is the investigation of the causes of large–scale environmental degradation in India. It is argued that environmental pollution is largely a consequence of political, economic and administrative set–ups, population pressures, over–stretched infrastructure, corruption, individual and societal norms, and indifference towards the environment. The paper concludes with a perspective on the contribution of a Hindu environmental ethic to addressing sustainable development issues.
An electrochemical-based fuel-cell model suitable for electrical engineering automation approach

This paper presents a dynamic electrochemical model for representation, simulation, and evaluation of performance of small size generation systems emphasizing particularly proton exchange membrane fuel-cell (PEMFC) stacks. The results of the model are used to predict the output voltage, efficiency, and power of FCs as a function of the actual load current and of the constructive and operational parameters of the cells. Partial and total load insertion and rejection tests were accomplished to evaluate the dynamic response of the studied models. The results guarantee a better analytical performance of these models with respect to former ones with a consequent reduction in time and costs of projects using FCs as the primary source of energy. Additionally, this electrochemical model was tested for the SR-12 Modular PEM Generator, a stack rated at 500 W, manufactured by Avista Laboratories, for the Ballard Mark V FC and for the BCS 500-W stack.
A 63 dB 16 mW 20 MHz BW double-sampled ΔΣs analog-to-digital converter with an embedded-adder quantizer

A wideband ΔΣ ADC using a novel double-sampling scheme with a single set of capacitors and a dynamic embedded-adder quantizer is presented. The proposed quantizer eliminates static currents in the adder of a low-distortion architecture. Fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS process, the prototype chip operates with a 320 MHz sampling frequency and achieves 63 dB SNDR in a 20 MHz signal band while consuming 16 mW power.
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO (UNAM) POSGRADO EN CIENCIA E INGENIERÍA DE LA COMPUTACIÓN THIRD GENERAL EXAMINATION FOR Ph.D. STUDENT: SERGIO RAFAEL CORIA OLGUÍN EXAMINER: DR. ELIZABETH SHRIBERG

To date you have focused on dialog acts modeling using prosodic features. Your proposal states that you plan to include additional feature types, including lexical features, duration, and intensity information. Use your knowledge of past work in the field, and your own work so far, to provide answers and opinions on the following four questions (6-10 pp. total): (1) What are some motivations for using both prosodic and lexical features for dialog act classification? Provide some examples of dialog acts whose detection can benefit from prosodic information. (2) In work on automatic dialog act classification, what types of approaches have been used for combining information from words and prosody? What approach(es) do you think may work best for the DIME project? Explain. (3) What types of additional prosodic features do you plan to study? Which dialog acts might they help to distinguish, and why? (4) In a fully automatic system, one would expect to use automatic speech recognition, which would likely contain word errors. How do you expect such errors to affect your prosodic features? Lexical features?
Studies on epstein‐barr virus‐related antigens. I. Indirect single radial immunodiffusion as a useful method for detection and assay of soluble antigen

A useful method for the detection and assay of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related soluble antigen has been developed by the application of the indirect single radial immunodiffusion technique which is frequently used for quantitative measurements of immunoglobulins and other soluble proteins. When the extracts of EBV‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐positive non‐producer cells (Raji and NC‐37) were applied to agar plates containing seropositive human serum, followed by overlay with anti‐human IgG serum, ring‐shaped precipitates with high specificity were clearly evident. The size of such precipitin rings was proportional to the amount of the antigen. This method is simple and applicable for a quantitative assay of a particular EBV‐related soluble antigen and antibody and the sensitivity is equivalent to that seen with the complement fixation test.
Meditation: Concepts, effects and uses in therapy

This article reviews 75 scientific selected articles in the field of meditation, based on a Medline and Psychlit search from 1989 until June 1999 and earlier relevant papers. It summarises definitions of meditation, psychological and physiological changes, and side-effects encountered in the meditator. The review focuses on the comparison between meditation and psychotherapy at a practical and theoretical level. Finally, it reviews the scientific evidence for specific applications of meditation in clinical practice.
Immunoglobulins G, M, and A against Sporothrix schenckii Exoantigens in Patients with Sporotrichosis before and during Treatment with Itraconazole

ABSTRACT Sporotrichosis is an important subcutaneous mycosis, with an increasing worldwide incidence. However, few data are available regarding the immunological aspects of Sporothrix schenckii infection, particularly the humoral responses to the fungus. In this study we measured immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA in sera from 41 patients with sporotrichosis before antifungal treatment and from another 35 patients with sporotrichosis during itraconazole treatment by using a recently described S. schenckii exoantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). More than 95% of patients had detectable IgA antibodies, and more than 85% had IgM and IgG antibodies before treatment. The number of patients with IgG antibodies increased to 91% during treatment. Conversely, significantly fewer samples from treated patients were positive for IgM (71%) and IgA (89%). Overall, 78% of patients had detectable levels of all isotypes tested at diagnosis, and this percentage dropped to 62.9% in patients receiving itraconazole. Testing of all three isotypes improved the sensitivity; at least two isotypes were detected in 93% of patients before and 89% after treatment. The reactivity of 94 sera from patients with other diseases and healthy individuals was also tested. Cross-reactivity occurred in 33% of the heterologous sera. Most of them were positive only in one isotype, 8.5% were positive for at least two isotypes, and only one serum (1.1%) was positive for the three isotypes. Antibodies produced during S. schenckii infection are diverse, and we demonstrate that an exoantigen ELISA for the detection of combinations of IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assay for sporotrichosis.