Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRIGGERING V 2 : THE AMOUNT OF INPUT NEEDED FOR PARAMETER SETTING IN A SPLIT-CP MODEL OF CLAUSE STRUCTURE

In this paper I argue that children generally need relatively little input evidence to set word order parameters. Within a type of Split-CP model of clause structure, where different clause types are assumed to have different heads in the CP domain, I suggest that children make no global search of the primary linguistic data, but scan the input for designated word order cues, focusing exclusively on the relevant clause type. I investigate child and adult data from a dialect of Norwegian (Tromsø), where there is verb movement and verb second (V2) word order in some clause types, but not in others. The findings show that target-consistent word order is attested early in the different clause types, regardless of input frequencies, and that there is no overgeneralization of word order from one construction to another. This is argued to be due to the heads in the CP domain providing separate input cues for word order in the different clause types.
How does the MDRD Study equation compare with serum creatinine in routine healthcare? Anatomy of MDRD‐eGFR

The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation–estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD–eGFR) as a marker for chronic kidney disease, with a single decision level for both genders and all adult ages, requires that the calculated quantity is independent of gender and age. In a retrospective study of S‐Creatinine concentrations from laboratory information systems of hospitals in the UK and Sweden, comprising about 140,000 results in total, it was found that the MDRD–eGFR indeed differs between genders and that it varies with age more than the S‐Creatinine concentration does. If the age compensation is deleted from the algorithm, the relative changes in the MDRD–eGFR decrease and become almost the same as those for S‐Creatinine concentrations. The difference between the genders could probably be overcome by increasing the “if female factor”. We used Pt‐Iohexol and S‐Creatinine concentrations measured simultaneously to estimate the performance of the MDRD–eGFR in relation to Pt‐Iohexol clearance. The Pt‐Iohexol varies considerably between patients with the same S‐Creatinine concentrations, a difference that is not reflected in the MDRD–eGFR. It is concluded that the mathematical transformation of S‐Creatinine concentrations does not add any diagnostic value. On the contrary, an increased measurement uncertainty is unavoidable with the use of factors and exponents. The uncertainty is greater than any difference between age and gender in adjacent age groups. There is no compensation for the individual relation between S‐Creatinine and Iohexol clearance, and the equation does not consider the individual body surface area; it is therefore inadvisable to use the MDRD–eGFR values as the basis for administration of drugs excreted by the kidneys.
WORKING WITH COMMUNITIES

experiences of researchers and community members working in a range of different kinds of communities, including Indigenous, ethnic, healthcare, and education communities, and communities of practice. The papers address aspects of the question: how to design and do community partnership research which re-positions ‘research subjects’ as participatory partners and co-producers of research outcomes?
Morning Blood Pressure Surge as a Destabilizing Factor of Atherosclerotic Plaque: Role of Ubiquitin–Proteasome Activity

Whether morning blood pressure surge influences the molecular mechanisms of plaque progression toward instability is not known. Recently, we have demonstrated enhanced activity of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in human plaques and evidenced that it is associated with inflammatory-induced plaque rupture. We evaluated the inflammatory infiltration and ubiquitin–proteasome activity in asymptomatic carotid plaques of hypertensive patients with different patterns of morning blood pressure surge. Plaques were obtained from 32 hypertensive patients without morning blood pressure surge and 28 with morning blood pressure surge enlisted to undergo carotid endarterectomy for extracranial high-grade (>70%) internal carotid artery stenosis. Plaques were analyzed for macrophages, T-lymphocytes, human leukocyte antigen–DR+cells, ubiquitin–proteasome activity, nuclear factor-&kgr;B, inhibitor kB-&bgr;, tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, nitrotyrosine, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and collagen content (immunohistochemistry and ELISA). Compared with plaques obtained from hypertensive patients without morning blood pressure surge, plaques from with morning blood pressure surge had more macrophages, T-lymphocytes, human leukocyte antigen–DR+cells (P<0.001), ubiquitin-proteasome activity, tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, nuclear factor-kB (P<0.001), nitrotyrosine, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (P<0.01), along with a lesser collagen content and IkB-&bgr; levels (P<0.001). Enhanced ubiquitin–proteasome activity in atherosclerotic lesions of patients with morning blood pressure surge is associated with inflammatory-dependent unstable plaque phenotype. These data suggest a potential interplay between morning blood pressure surge and ubiquitin–proteasome activity in atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
Transgenic Bt Rice Does Not Challenge Host Preference of the Target Pest of Rice Leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Background Transgenic Bt rice line T2A-1 expresses a synthesized cry2A gene that shows high resistance to Lepidoptera pests, including Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Plant volatile orientation cues and the physical characteristics of the leaf surface play key roles in host location or host-plant acceptance of phytophagous insects. These volatile compounds and physical traits may become altered in Bt rice and it is not known whether this influences the behavior of C. medinalis when searching for oviposition sites. Results The results of electronic nose analysis showed that the Radar map of Bt rice cultivars was analogous to the non- Bt rice cultivars at each growing stage. PCA analysis was able to partly discriminate between some of the Bt vs. non-Bt rice sensors, but could not to separate Bt cultivars from non-Bt cultivars. The total ion chromatogram between Bt and non-Bt rice cultivars at the seedling, booting and tillering stages were similar and 25 main compounds were identified by GC-MS. For most compounds, there was no significant difference in compound quantities between Bt and non-Bt rice cultivars at equivalent growth stages. The densities of the tubercle papicles and the trichomes on the upper and lower surfaces were statistically equal in Bt and non-Bt rice. The target pest, C. medinalis, was attracted to host rice plants, but it could not distinguish between the transgenic and the isogenic rice lines. Conclusions There were no significant differences between the Bt rice line, T2A-1 and the non-Bt rice for volatiles produced or in its physical characteristics and there were no negative impacts on C. medinalis oviposition behavior. These results add to the mounting evidence that Bt rice has no negative impact on the target insect oviposition behavior.
Malignant Sadness: The Anatomy of Depression

Lewis Wolpert had it all -- a successful scientific career and a happy home life -- when his struggles with clinical depression began. Although he had often dealt with the blues, he had never been seriously depressed before the illness took over his life. Overwhelmed, he was no longer able to think properly, let alone work, and his mind turned to suicide. When eventually he recovered with the help of psychotherapy and drug treatment, Dr. Wolpert had to confront the stigma and shame attached to what he considered a terrible, but treatable, disease. It is an affliction that this accomplished biologist and writer -- astonished that he was vulnerable to what is so often classified as a mood or emotional disorder -- believed he had to try to understand in scientific and human terms. Frustrated by the lack of information available to those who battle depression, Dr. Wolpert decided to go public with his carefully guarded secret and his search for its causes. The result is "Malignant Sadness," a uniquely empathetic international bestseller that mines the core of one of society's most quietly pervasive illnesses. Although one in five of us will endure its pain and helplessness, depression remains obscured by a range of misconceptions. Part memoir, part scientific and historical inquiry, "Malignant Sadness" carefully weaves Dr. Wolpert's revelation of his own struggle with a succinct and humane discussion of everything that is known about depression and its treatments, from the history of the melancholy temperament to contemporary brain science. Is depression rooted in genetics, bad parenting, a single trauma, or a combination of causes? Do different cultures experience depressionin different ways? Can it be avoided altogether? His wide-ranging exploration of the two main ways science attempts to understand depression -- the biological and the psychological -- convinced Dr. Wolpert that we need a more holistic approach to helping those in its grip. Not since "Darkness Visible" has anyone created such a compelling picture of what it means to experience the disease that Wolpert so eloquently names "malignant sadness. "
A brief cognitive behavioural therapy alcohol intervention programme is an effective secondary prevention approach for new employees entering an Irish workforce: a pilot.

The prevalence of unhealthy drinking at all levels in Irish society poses serious issues in terms of the consequence to individuals concerned, as well as to society as a whole. The workplace offers a useful setting for early identification and intervention with new employees who may have pre-existing alcohol use disorder issues. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness within the workplace of a brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) intervention in reducing participants binge and risky drinking behaviours. Twenty-six Irish Naval recruits volunteered to participate in this randomised controlled trial. The intervention was conducted over four consecutive one and a half hour weekly sessions. Participants completed four principle outcome measures at intake, termination of the intervention and at the two-month follow-up assessment. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Babor, Higginis-Biddle, Saunders & Monterio, 2001) was used to measures participants’ consumption levels and frequency of binge or risky drinking. A Readiness Ruler (Miller, Zweben, Diclemente, & Rychtarik, 1992) was used to measure participants’ readiness to change drinking, while the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (Young & Oei, 1996) was used to measure participants’ beliefs pertaining to alcohol, and their ability to refuse alcohol in high-risk social surroundings. There were preliminary data in support of the intervention. There were interaction effects that approached statistical significance for both a reduction in participants’ binge drinking (p =. 064) and an increase in participants’ ability to refuse alcohol in high-risk social settings (p = .059). There was also a significant interaction effect (p
Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger.

When I first heard about the explosion I was sitting in my freshman dorm room with my roommate and we were watching TV. It came on a news flash and we were both totally shocked. I was really upset and I went upstairs to talk to a friend of mine and then I called my parents. I was in my religion class and some people walked in and started talking about [it]. I didn't know any details except that it had exploded and the schoolteacher's students had all been watching which I thought was so sad. Then after class I went to my room and watched the TV program talking about it and I got all the details from that. The two memories above are actual written responses to the question “How did you first hear the news of the Challenger disaster? ” The first account was given in the fall of 1988, long after the event, by an Emory senior whom we will call “RT. ” It was a vivid recollection, which met or exceeded all the standard tests of a “flashbulb memory. ” Asked for 5-point confidence ratings of various aspects of the memory, RT hit the top of the scale: 5 on How did you hear it? (television), Where were you? (her room), What were you doing? (watching television), Who was with you? (roommate), and How did you feel? (shocked and upset).
Coping With Implicit Arguments And Events Coreference

In this paper we present ongoing work for the creation of a linguistically-based system for event coreference. We assume that this task requires deep understanding of text and that statistically-based methods, both supervised and unsupervised are inadequate. The reason for this choice is due to the fact that event coreference can only take place whenever argumenthood is properly computed. It is a fact that in many cases, arguments of predicates are implicit and thus linguistically unexpressed. This prevents training to produce sensible results. We also assume that spatiotemporal locations need to be taken into account and this is also very often left implicit. We used GETARUNS system to develop the coreference system which works on the basis of the discourse model and the automatically annotated markables. We present data from the analysis, both on unexpressed implicit arguments and the description of the coreference algorithm.
Neural correlates of autobiographical memory

Autobiographical memory (AM) refers to the retrieval of memories from the personal past. It encompasses multiple processes and neural systems (Conway and Pleydell‐ Pearce, 2000; Rubin, 2006) often difficult to capture in a single study. AM retrieval typically involves complex retrieval processes, semantic content, personal significance, subjective re‐experience, spatiotemporal context, emotion, social interactions, and varying levels of specificity, remoteness, and rehearsal. These qualities make personal memories important and relevant for the future, but also difficult to investigate with traditional laboratory materials (Cabeza and St. Jacques, 2007; St. Jacques and Cabeza, 2012). Neuroimaging studies of AM were much slower to develop compared to similar studies on laboratory memory. For example, an early review of neuroimaging studies of AM reported 11 studies (Maguire, 2001), whereas another review of 275 studies of imaging of cognition included over 50 studies on laboratory memory (Cabeza and Nyberg, 2000). One reason for the relatively slower development of neuroimaging studies of AM is that their inherent complexity can be challenging within the controlled and rigorous scanning environment, and such studies were often criticized by other cognitive neuroscientists as a “waste of time” (see Maguire, 2012). Fortunately, the development of novel techniques and methodologies that capture this inherent complexity, along with the increasing viewpoint that such studies can offer valuable insight into memory and other related processes (Cabeza and St. Jacques, 2007; Gilboa, 2004; Maguire, 2001, 2012; McDermott, Szpunar, and Christ, 2009; Spreng, Mar, and Kim, 2009), has led to a rise in the number of functional neuroimaging studies of AM. Such studies are important because they are generally more ecologically valid (Neisser, 1978), they contribute to the understanding of neural correlates of processes that are difficult to study using laboratory memory stimuli (Cabeza and St. Jacques, 2007; Gilboa et al., 2004; St. Jacques and Cabeza, 2012), and they can inform theories of AM (St. Jacques, 2012). In this chapter we review innovative methods and analysis techniques that have allowed neuroscientists to overcome some of the challenges of AM research, as well as
John von Neumann Institute for Computing A Network-Based Approach to Biomolecular Dynamics

c © 2007 by John von Neumann Institute for Computing Permission to make digital or hard copies of portions of this work for personal or classroom use is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise requires prior specific permission by the publisher mentioned above.
An efficient implementation of RSA for low cost microprocessors

This paper describes an efficient implementation of RSA cryptographic operations that can be used through a wide range of processors starting from 8 bit low cost microprocessor up to 64 bit expensive processor. The proposed implementation method reduces the memory usage, and uses generic C code that can be used with minor modification in different word length processors. The final implementation is optimized to achieve faster execution over specific target processors. Various optimization techniques are studied, like code optimization, algorithm alternation and FPGA acceleration.
Low Frequency of Cardiomyopathy Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an Acromegaly Contemporary Cohort.

CONTEXT Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and myocardial fibrosis are considered common findings of the acromegaly cardiomyopathy in echocardiography studies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of LVH, systolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis was undertaken in patients with acromegaly using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRi) before and after 12 months of octreotide long-acting repeatable treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with active acromegaly submitted to biochemical analysis and CMRi before and after 12 months of treatment. Additionally, echocardiography was performed before treatment. RESULTS Forty consecutive patients were evaluated using CMRi at baseline and 30 patients were reevaluated after 12 months of treatment. Additionally, 29 of these patients were submitted to echocardiography. Using CMRi, the frequency of LVH was 5%. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMi) was 61.73 ± 18.8 g/m(2). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 61.85 ± 9.2%, and all patients had normal systolic function. Late gadolinium enhancement was present in five patients (13.5%), and one patient (3.5%) had an increased extracellular volume. After treatment, 12 patients (40%) had criteria for disease control. No clinically relevant differences in cardiac variables before and after treatment were observed. Additionally, there was no difference in LVMi and LVEF among patients with and without disease control. Using echocardiography, 31% of the patients had LVH, mean LVMi was 117.8 ± 46.3 g/m(2) and mean LVEF was 67.3 ± 4.4%. All patients had normal systolic function. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated by CMRi, the gold-standard method, that patients with active acromegaly might have a lower prevalence of cardiac abnormalities than previously reported.
Particle Swarm Model Selection

This paper proposes the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) to the problem of full model selection, FMS, for classification tasks. FMS is defined as follows: given a pool of preprocessing methods, feature selection and learning algorithms, to select the combination of these that obtains the lowest classification error for a given data set; the task also includes the selection of hyperparameters for the considered methods. This problem generates a vast search space to be explored, well suited for stochastic optimization techniques. FMS can be applied to any classification domain as it does not require domain knowledge. Different model types and a variety of algorithms can be considered under this formulation. Furthermore, competitive yet simple models can be obtained with FMS. We adopt PSO for the search because of its proven performance in different problems and because of its simplicity, since neither expensive computations nor complicated operations are needed. Interestingly, the way the search is guided allows PSO to avoid overfitting to some extend. Experimental results on benchmark data sets give evidence that the proposed approach is very effective, despite its simplicity. Furthermore, results obtained in the framework of a model selection challenge show the competitiveness of the models selected with PSO, compared to models selected with other techniques that focus on a single algorithm and that use domain knowledge.
Rethinking Work Experience

Part 1 Concept and context: history and policy content the concept of work experience, A.G. Watts some international comparisons, A.G. Watts the changing world of work, Ian Jamieson. Part 2 Organizational issues: school-based organization, Andrew Miller LEA-based organization, Andrew Miller legal issues, A.G. Watts, Anthony Johns employers' perspectives, A.G. Watts. Part 3 Curricular issues: integration, Andrew Miller progression, Andrew Miller matching students to placements, Andrew Miller teaching strategies, Andrew Miller assessment, Ian Jamieson evaluation, Ian Jamieson.
The epidemiology of estrogen replacement therapy and Alzheimer's disease

Article abstract-The burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) falls more heavily on women than men. It is hypothesized that plummeting levels of circulating estrogens after the menopause increase a woman's risk for this disorder and, conversely, that estrogen replacement therapy may lower the risk for dementia due to AD. A number of estrogenic properties support the biological credibility of this hypothesis. Estrogen interacts with neurotrophins and neurotransmitter systems relevant to AD and in some model systems estrogen modulates synaptic plasticity. Effects on beta-amyloid and apolipoprotein E may be especially germane to putative protective effects. Estrogen also may blunt neurotoxic consequences of the stress response mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, augment cerebral glucose utilization, and enhance cerebral blood flow. Clinical studies of postmenopausal women suggest beneficial estrogen effects on specific cognitive skills, and small preliminary trials of estrogen replacement in women with AD support claims of clinically meaningful efficacy. Consistent with the estrogen hypothesis, cross-sectional studies imply that postmenopausal estrogen use could be associated with a lower risk for AD. Several recent epidemiologic studies in which information on estrogen replacement therapy was collected prospectively further support this contention, with a dose-response relation evident in some reports. Because estrogen users tend to differ from nonusers in a number of lifestyle characteristics, convincing demonstration of putative protective effects could best come from randomized, placebo-controlled, primary intervention trials. For the present, however, the issue of estrogen efficacy in lowering a woman's risk for AD remains unsettled. NEUROLOGY 1997;48(Suppl 7): S27-S35