Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary Catalase Supplementation Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Broiler Chickens

Catalase (CAT) can eliminate oxygen radicals, but it is unclear whether exogenous CAT can protect chickens against deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplemental CAT on antioxidant property and gut microbiota in DON-exposed broilers. A total of 144 one-day-old Lingnan yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into three groups (six replicates/group): control, DON group, and DON + CAT (DONC) group. The control and DON group received a diet without and with DON contamination, respectively, while the DONC group received a DON-contaminated diet with 200 U/kg CAT added. Parameter analysis was performed on d 21. The results showed that DON-induced liver enlargement (p < 0.05) was blocked by CAT addition, which also normalized the increases (p < 0.05) in hepatic oxidative metabolites contents and caspase-9 expression. Additionally, CAT addition increased (p < 0.05) the jejunal CAT and GSH-Px activities coupled with T-AOC in DON-exposed broilers, as well as the normalized DON-induced reductions (p < 0.05) of jejunal villus height (VH) and its ratio for crypt depth. There was a difference (p < 0.05) in gut microbiota among groups. The DON group was enriched (p < 0.05) with some harmful bacteria (e.g., Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia/Shigella) that elicited negative correlations (p < 0.05) with jejunal CAT activity, and VH. DONC group was differentially enriched (p < 0.05) with certain beneficial bacteria (e.g., Acidobacteriota, Anaerofustis, and Anaerotruncus) that could benefit intestinal antioxidation and morphology. In conclusion, supplemental CAT alleviates DON-induced oxidative stress and intestinal damage in broilers, which can be associated with its ability to improve gut microbiota, aside from its direct oxygen radical-scavenging activity.
Fast iterative solvers for numerical simulations of scattering and radiation on thin wires

The method of moments for the simplified scattering and radiation on thin wire models can lead to the large-scale linear systems with non-Hermitian Toeplitz-like coefficient matrices. Since such reduced linear systems are typically dense and ill conditioned, iterative solvers are rarely considered to deal with the discretized linear systems in these electromagnetic model simulations. However, utilizing the Toeplitz-like structure of coefficient matrices, we can use the fast Toeplitz matrix-vector product (MVP) to refresh iterative solvers for the discretized linear systems. Compared with the traditional solvers, the fast numerical method can reduce the computational cost from to and the storage from to without using any lossy compression. Due to the Toeplitz-like structure of coefficient matrices, circulant preconditioners are considered to further accelerate the convergence of iterative solvers. Since the circulant matrices can be diagonalized via fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), the fast Toeplitz MVP is utilized to retain the total computational complexity of the proposed methods at , where is the number of spatial grid nodes. Theoretical analyses of the spectra of the preconditioned linear systems are also preliminarily investigated. Finally, extensive numerical experiments involving both scattering and radiation issues are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in aspects of the number of iterations and CPU time elapsed.
Coupling of Vibrational Excitation to the Rotational Motion of a Single Adsorbed Molecule

The reversible rotation of a single isolated acetylene molecule between two diagonal sites on the Cu(100) surface at 8 K was induced and monitored with tunneling electrons from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Excitation of the C\char22{}H (C\char22{}D) stretch mode of ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ ( ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}$) at 358 meV (266 meV) led to a 10-fold (60-fold) increase in the rotation rate. This increase is attributed to energy transfer from the C\char22{}H (C\char22{}D) stretch mode to the hindered rotational motion of the molecule. Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy with the STM provides the energies of the stretch modes and allows a quantitative determination of the inelastic tunneling and coupling probabilities.
Neural classification of ships hydroacoustic signatures

The paper presents method of classification of hydroacoustic signatures generated by moving ship. Classification is a procedure in which individual items are placed into groups based on quantitative information on one or more characteristics inherent in the items. In this paper the hydroacoustics signals classification is understood as the process of automatically recognition what kind of object is generating acoustics signals on the basis of individual information included in generated sounds. Hydroacoustics signal classification is a difficult task and it is still an active research area. Automatic signal classification works based on the premise that sounds emitted by object to the environment are unique for that object. However this task has been challenged by the highly variant of input signals. The paper includes discussion about unique of sound generated by moving ships. To solve problem of hydroacoustic signatures classification the Kohonen networks which belongs to group of self organizing networ.
Survey response and survey characteristics: microlevel evidence from the European Community Household Panel

Summary. The paper presents microlevel evidence on the role of the sociodemographic characteristics of a population and the characteristics of the data collection process as predictors of survey response. Our evidence is based on the public use files of the European Community Household Panel, a longitudinal household survey covering the countries of the European Union, whose attractive feature is the high level of comparability across countries and over time. We model the response process as the outcome of two sequential events: contact between the interviewer and an eligible interviewee, and co‐operation by the interviewee. Our model allows for dependence between the ease of contact and the propensity to co‐operate, taking into account the censoring problem caused by the fact that we observe whether a person is a respondent only if she has been contacted.
Hybrid chromosome design for genetic optimization of a fragmented patch array antenna

Chromosome design has been shown to be a crucial element in developing genetic algorithms which approach global solutions without premature convergence. The consecutive positioning of parameters with high-correlations and relevance enhances the creation of genetic building blocks which are likely to persist across recombination to provide genetic inheritance. Incorporating positional gene relevance is challenging, however, in multi-dimensional design problems. We present a hybrid chromosome designed for optimizing a fragmented patch antenna which combines linear and two-dimensional gene representations. We compare previous results obtained with a linear chromosome to solutions obtained with this new hybrid representation.
Duality in static hedging of barrier options

During the past 10 years static hedging strategies for barrier options have been the focus of various studies. But while the primal optimization problem is sufficiently well understood, it has been unclear so far what the dual of the static hedging problem looks like. This article closes this gap by exploiting a linear semi-infinite reformulation of the static super-replication problem in the Black–Scholes model. As it turns out the feasible set of the dual problem consists of all measures which are price-consistent with the calls in the hedge portfolio–a class which is much bigger than the equivalent martingale measures which form the feasible set of the dual of a dynamic super-replication problem. Moreover, we prove the existence of an optimal measure solving the dual problem which is the finite sum of Dirac measures and analyze the duality result from a financial point of view.
Consistent testing for non‐correlation of two cointegrated ARMA time series

A consistent approach to the problem of testing non‐correlation between two univariate infinite‐order autoregressive models was proposed by Hong (1996). His test is based on a weighted sum of squares of residual cross‐correlations, with weights depending on a kernel function. In this paper, the author follows Hong's approach to test non‐correlation of two cointegrated (or partially non‐stationary) ARMA time series. The test of Pham, Roy & Cédras (2003) may be seen as a special case of his approach, as it corresponds to the choice of a truncated uniform kernel. The proposed procedure remains valid for testing non‐correlation between two stationary invertible multivariate ARMA time series. The author derives the asymptotic distribution of his test statistics under the null hypothesis and proves that his procedures are consistent. He also studies the level and power of his proposed tests in finite samples through simulation. Finally, he presents an illustration based on real data.
On the use of the forced sensitivity method in climate studies

Developed initially in a weather forecasting framework, in this study the forced sensitivity (FS) technique is applied in a climatological context. This technique makes it possible to provide a dynamically consistent description of weather under a prescribed persistently anomalous large‐scale atmospheric circulation. Optimal model tendency perturbations are computed using the FS technique and applied in the EC‐Earth Global Climate Model. These tendency perturbations are calculated subject to the requirement that the model circulation reproduces the prescribed circulation after an optimization time of the order of a few days. The time‐averaged large‐scale atmospheric circulation is shown to be consistent with the large‐scale circulation pattern of interest, while maintaining variability on the synoptic scale. This is demonstrated by forcing the model to reproduce, on average, a pattern characterized by a more persistent westerly circulation over the North Atlantic sector (positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)). The dipole pattern in surface pressure over the North Atlantic is spatially fairly well reproduced, albeit with a slight shift southwards and a larger amplitude. The net average surface‐temperature field shows the characteristic quadrupole pattern associated with a NAO event, although a slight shift is observed. The amplitude of the net response exceeds the characteristic values associated with a NAO event. On the synoptic scale, the mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP) closely resembles the typical MSLP pattern observed in a NAO+ event.
Discrete-Time Approximation of Decoupled Forward‒Backward Stochastic Differential Equations Driven by Pure Jump Lévy Processes

We present a new algorithm to discretize a decoupled forward‒backward stochastic differential equation driven by a pure jump Lévy process (FBSDEL for short). The method consists of two steps. In the first step we approximate the FBSDEL by a forward‒backward stochastic differential equation driven by a Brownian motion and Poisson process (FBSDEBP for short), in which we replace the small jumps by a Brownian motion. Then, we prove the convergence of the approximation when the size of small jumps ε goes to 0. In the second step we obtain the L p -Hölder continuity of the solution of the FBSDEBP and we construct two numerical schemes for this FBSDEBP. Based on the L p -Hölder estimate, we prove the convergence of the scheme when the number of time steps n goes to ∞. Combining these two steps leads to the proof of the convergence of numerical schemes to the solution of FBSDEs driven by pure jump Lévy processes.
Oxidative Status as an Attribute for Selective Antitumor Activity of Platinum-Containing Nanoparticles against Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Overcoming the limitations for efficient and selective drug delivery is one of the most challenging obstacles for newly designed anticancer agents. In this study, we present two types of platinum-based nanoparticles (NP), ultrasmall 2 nm PtNPs and core-shell 30 nm Au@Pt, which can be highly cytotoxic in an oxidative environment and remain biologically inactive in cells with lower oxidative status. Our research highlighted the differences in platinum nanoparticle-induced chemotoxicity and is the first study examining its mechanism as a substantial aspect of Au@Pt/PtNPs biological activity. Selectively induced oxidative stress was found to be a primary trigger of NPs’ toxicity. Significant differences between Au@Pt and PtNPs were observed especially during 24 h treatment, due to successful intranuclear PtNPs location (~13% of internalized fraction). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-level induced from both NPs types were similar, while reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) intracellular content was stronger after treatment with PtNPs. Any biological activity was found in HER2+ breast cancer cells, which have only slightly increased oxidative status. Platinum-containing nanoparticles are an interesting tool for the improvement of selectivity in anticancer therapies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to intranuclear uptake, 2 nm PtNPs seems to be more promising for further research for HCC therapy.
Meta-heuristics for the single-machine scheduling total weighted tardiness problem

Some general features of single-machine scheduling problems are described, and some of their structural properties are used to design local search procedures based on alternative definitions of neighbourhoods. In particular, the traditional idea of "exchanging the position of two jobs" is replaced by the idea of "exchanging jobs not apart more than a given number of positions (considered as a parameter of the algorithm)". For generating initial solutions, some traditional priority rules were tested with some degree of randomisation, introducing in general, a positive effect in the performance of the algorithms. Through a set of computational tests, the importance of the different parameters was evaluated, and their values for different meta-heuristic procedures (tabu search, and randomised local search) were tuned. Though these tests have been exhaustive only for a given problem (weighted tardiness), the results already available show these approaches are robust and flexible, and that, in general, satisfactory solutions can be obtained in an efficient way.
Variable Kernel Estimates of Multivariate Densities

A class of density estimates using a superposition of kernels where the kernel parameter can depend on the nearest neighbor distances is studied by the use of simulated data. Their performance using several measures of error is superior to that of the usual Parzen estimators. A tentative solution is given to the problem of calibrating the kernel peakedness when faced with a finite sample set.
Fast and effective finite difference method for 2D photonic crystals

In this article we develop a finite difference (FDFD) method to compute the band spectra of 2D photonic crystals without impurities. Exploiting periodicity to identify discretization points differing by a period, the computational complexity of the algorithms is reduced significantly. Numerical results on three test problems are presented.
Prior Distributions From Pseudo-Likelihoods in the Presence of Nuisance Parameters

Consider a model parameterized by θ == (ψ, λ), where ψ is the parameter of interest. The problem of eliminating the nuisance parameter λ can be tackled by resorting to a pseudo-likelihood function L**(ψ) for ψ—namely, a function of ψ only and the data y with properties similar to those of a likelihood function. If one treats L**(ψ) as a true likelihood, the posterior distribution π**(ψ | y) ∝ π(ψ)L**(ψ) for ψ can be considered, where π(ψ) is a prior distribution on ψ. The goal of this article is to construct probability matching priors for a scalar parameter of interest only (i.e., priors for which Bayesian and frequentist inference agree to some order of approximation) to be used in π**(ψ || y ). When L**(ψ) is a marginal, a conditional, or a modification of the profile likelihood, we show that π(ψ) is simply proportional to the square root of the inverse of the asymptotic variance of the pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator. The proposed priors are compared with the reference or Jeffreys’ priors in four examples.
A critical examination of the P–h2 relationship in nanoindentation

In this letter we derive a corrected analytical expression for the indentation load–depth relation during loading in an indentation experiment; P=Er(1/CEr/H+e(m)/γπ/4H/Er)−2(h+hb)2. This expression takes into account the correction factor γ in the fundamental relations among contact stiffness, elastic modulus, and contact area, which is frequently forgotten in the literature, and the exact value of the geometric constant e(m) of the indenter. A comparison with previously used expressions shows a much better agreement between hardness measurements from loading and unloading curve analyses.
Fluid vs. kinetic magnetic reconnection with strong guide fields

The fast rates of magnetic reconnection found in both nature and experiments are important to understand theoretically. Recently, it was demonstrated that two-fluid magnetic reconnection remains fast in the strong guide field regime, regardless of the presence of fast-dispersive waves. This conclusion is in agreement with recent results from kinetic simulations, and is in contradiction to the findings in an earlier two-fluid study, where it was suggested that fast-dispersive waves are necessary for fast reconnection. In this paper, we give a more detailed derivation of the analytic model presented in a recent letter and present additional simulation results to support the conclusions that the magnetic reconnection rate in this regime is independent of both collisional dissipation and system-size. In particular, we present a detailed comparison between fluid and kinetic simulations, finding good agreement in both the reconnection rate and overall length of the current layer. Finally, we revisit the earlier two-fluid study, which arrived at different conclusions, and suggest an alternative interpretation for the numerical results presented therein.
Smart Tour Guide in Makkah City based on Image Recognition

Technology nowadays affects every aspect of our life and makes it easier, more convenient. This research aims to integrate Artificial intelligence (AI) in the development of a smart mobile application that works as a smart tour guide. An Android application was developed to do image recognition in almost real-time by using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). After the image is recognized, reviews for the restaurant or the hotel are retrieved. The reviews were collected from various resources on the internet and saved in a database to be retrieved after the image is recognized. This research required collecting images to retrain a CNN model called Inception v3 from Google. A technique called transfer of learning was used, which is building CNN model that is trained on a small dataset. The data size is about 100 images for each of the 9 categories of the hotels and restaurants. The scope for this application is limited to a few numbers of hotels and restaurants in Makkah city to deliver to the visitors of this Holy city a pleasant experience while they are roaming around. They could take a photo or upload a photo of the hotel or restaurant and a list of reviews are shown to help them decide to go to the best places and save their time and effort rather than searching for this online. The application is available without an internet connection to make it convenient to use by users. The image recognition and the retrieval of the reviews from the database are successfully accomplished. The accuracy various between 0.84 to 1 on different testing images.
Highly (001)‐textured WS2−x films prepared by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering

Highly (001)-oriented WS2−x films were grown onto oxidized silicon substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering from a metallic tungsten target in argon-hydrogen sulfide mixtures. The best films with respect to the van-der-Waals orientation, i.e. with the (001) planes parallel to the substrate surface, were grown by excitation of the plasma with radio frequency of 27.12 MHz. These films exhibit the largest grains and the lowest film strain. It is shown that this effect is not due to the lower deposition rate at this high excitation frequency. Instead it was found that the lower DC voltage at the sputtering target is advantageous for the film growth since the bombardment of the growing film by highly energetic particles is avoided by this type of plasma excitation. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The use of linear programming for the solution of sparse sets of nonlinear equations

In this paper we propose a trust region algorithm for solving sparse sets of nonlinear equations. It is based on minimizing the $l_1 $-norm of the linearized residual vector within an $l_\infty $-norm trust region, thereby permitting linear programming techniques to be easily applied. The new algorithm has sparsity advantages over the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.
Projection method for high-order compact schemes for low Mach number flows in enclosures

Purpose – Variable density flows play an important role in many technological devices and natural phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to develop a robust and accurate method for low Mach number flows with large density and temperature variations. Design/methodology/approach – Low Mach number approximation approach is used in the paper combined with a predictor-corrector method and accurate compact scheme of fourth and sixth order. A novel algorithm is formulated for the projection method in which the boundary conditions for the pressure are implemented in such a way that the continuity equation is fulfilled everywhere in the computational domain, including the boundary nodes. Findings – It is shown that proposed implementation of the boundary conditions considerably improves a solution accuracy. Assessment of the accuracy was performed based on the constant density Burggraf flow and for two benchmark cases for the natural convection problems: steady flow in a square cavity and unsteady flow in a tall .
Recurrent flares in active region NOAA 11283

The authors wish to thank the referee for his/her very useful comments and suggestions, which led to a sounder version of the article. This research work has received funding from the European Commissions Seventh Framework Programme under the grant agreements No. 284461 (eHEROES project), No. 312495 (SOLARNET project), No. 606862 (F-Chroma project). This research work is partly supported by the Italian MIUR-PRIN grant 2012P2HRCR on The active Sun and its effects on Space and Earth climate and by Space Weather Italian COmmunity (SWICO) Research Program. The research by the KSU astronomy unit – A.E. and A.S. K. – was supported by King Saud University, Deanship of Scientific Research, College of Science Research Center.