Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of multicast routing and wavelength assignment protocol with dynamic traffic grooming in WDM networks

The need for on‐demand provisioning of wavelength‐routed channels with service‐differentiated offerings within the transport layer has become more essential because of the recent emergence of high bit rate Internet protocol (IP) network applications. Diverse optical transport network architectures have been proposed to achieve the above requirements. This approach is determined by fundamental advances in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technologies. Because of the availability of ultra long‐reach transport and all‐optical switching, the deployment of all‐optical networks has been made possible. The concurrent transmission of multiple streams of data with the assistance of special properties of fiber optics is called WDM. The WDM network provides the capability of transferring huge amounts of data at high speeds by the users over large distances. There are several network applications that require the support of QoS multicast, such as multimedia conferencing systems, video‐on‐demand systems, real‐time control systems, etc. In a WDM network, the route decision and wavelength assignment of lightpath connections are based mainly on the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA). The multicast RWA's task is to maximize the number of multicast groups admitted or minimize the call‐blocking probability. The dynamic traffic‐grooming problem in wavelength‐routed networks is generally a two‐layered routing problem in which traffic connections are routed over lightpaths in the virtual topology layer and lightpaths are routed over physical links in the physical topology layer. In this paper, a multicast RWA protocol for capacity improvement in WDM networks is designed. In the wavelength assignment technique, paths from the source node to each of the destination nodes and the potential paths are divided into fragments by the junction nodes and these junction nodes have the wavelength conversion capability. By using the concept of fragmentation and grouping, the proposed scheme can be generally applied for the wavelength assignment of multicast in WDM networks. An optimized dynamic traffic grooming algorithm is also developed to address the traffic grooming problem in mesh networks in the multicast scenario for maximizing the resource utilization and minimizing the blocking probability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Perspective on IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking for Industrial Communication and Automation Systems

Networks are a core element of many industrial and automation systems at present. Often these networks transport time- and safety-critical messages that control physical processes. Thus, timely and guaranteed delivery is an essential property of networks for such critical systems. Over the past decade, a variety of network solutions have evolved to satisfy said properties. However, these solutions are largely incompatible with each other and many system architects are forced to deploy different solutions in parallel due to their different capabilities. IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is a standardization group that enhances IEEE networking standards, most prominently Ethernet-based networks, with said properties and has the unique potential to evolve as a cross-industry mainstream networking technology. In this survey paper, we give an overview of TSN in industrial communication and automation systems and discuss specific TSN standards and projects in detail as well as their applicability to various industries.
A hardware generator for multi-point distributed random variables

In Monte Carlo simulation of weak approximation of stochastic differential equations, multi-point distributed random variables play an important role. However, they need highly efficient implementations to meet the "real-time" requirements of applications such as the pricing of complex derivative securities. In this paper, a fast and flexible dedicated hardware generator of multi-point distributed random variables on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) is presented. A comparative performance analysis demonstrates that the hardware solution is bottleneck-free, retains the flexibility of a traditional software implementation and significantly increases the computational efficiency of the overall simulation.
Evodiamine Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of HCT-116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Evodiamine (EVO) exhibits strong anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of EVO on the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 has not been explored in detail, and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, and morphological changes in the nucleus were examined by fluorescence microscopy and Hoechst staining. Cell motility was detected by Transwell assay. ELISA was used to assess the protein levels of autocrine motility factor (AMF) in the cell supernatant, and protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Our results showed that EVO inhibited the proliferation of HCT-116 cells, caused accumulation of cells in S and G2/M phases, and reduced the levels of the secreted form of AMF. The protein levels of tumor suppressor protein (p53), Bcl-2 Associated X protein (Bax), B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) were altered in cells treated with EVO. Taken together, our results suggest that EVO modulates the activity of the p53 signaling pathway to induce apoptosis and downregulate MMP3 expression by inactivating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway through the downregulation of PGI to inhibit migration of HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells.
Selective Integration

After Henry Kissinger’s secret visit in 1971, China claimed its seat at the United Nations and set about learning how to deal with global institutions. The country’s entrance into the organization was eye-opening for Chinese diplomats and also began a process of international integration that would see Beijing establish ties with virtually every other country in the world. Still, China’s international integration was slowed by continuing political uncertainty at home, which was settled only after the death of Mao, the fall of the Gang of Four, and the eventual ascendancy of Deng Xiaoping.
From reading comprehension to document literacy: learning to search for, evaluate and integrate information across texts / De la lectura a la alfabetización documental: aprender a buscar, evaluar e integrar información de diversos textos

Abstract This paper discusses the skills required for students to be able to access, comprehend and use documents independently, both in print and online. We start with a simple example in order to illustrate the demands posed by document-based school tasks on students’ reading literacy skills. We then propose a descriptive framework to broaden the construct of reading literacy so as to account for document processes, including search, evaluation and multiple-text integration. We review some studies illustrating the challenges of these processes for primary school students, and we discuss extant research investigating the effectiveness of instructional interventions.
Local Computation of Simultaneous Fixed-Points

We present a very simple, yet general algorithm for computing simultaneous, minimum fixed-points of monotonic functions, or turning the newpoint slightly, an algorithm for computing minimum solutions to a system of monotonic equations. The algorithm is local (demand-driven, lazy, . ), i.e. it will try to determine the value of a single component in the simultaneous fixed-point by investigating only certain necessary parts of the description of the monotonic function, or in terms of the equational presentation, it will determine the value of a single variable by investigating only a part of the equational system. In the worst-case this involves inspecting the complete system, and the algorithm will be a logarithmic factor worse than a global algorithm (computing the values of all variables simultaneously). But despite its simplicity the local algorithm has some advantages which promise much better performance on typical cases. The algorithm should be seen as a schema that for any particular application needs to be refined to achieve better efficiency, but the general mechanism remains the same. As such it seems to achieve performance comparable to, and for some examples improving upon, carefully designed ad hoc algorithms, still maintaining the benefits of being local. We illustrate this point by tailoring the general algorithm to concrete examples in such (apparently) diverse areas as type inference, model checking, and strictness analysis. Especially in connection with the last example, strictness analysis, and more generally abstract interpretation, it is illustrated how the local algorithm provides a very minimal approach when determining the fixed-points, reminiscent of, but improving upon, what is known as Pending Analysis. In the case of model checking a specialised version of the algorithm has already improved on earlier known local algorithms.
An open-label, single-arm, phase 2 (PX-171-004) study of single-agent carfilzomib in bortezomib-naive patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma.

Carfilzomib is a selective proteasome inhibitor that binds irreversibly to its target. In phase 1 studies, carfilzomib elicited promising responses and an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM). In the present phase 2, multicenter, open-label study, 129 bortezomib-naive patients with R/R MM (median of 2 prior therapies) were separated into Cohort 1, scheduled to receive intravenous carfilzomib 20 mg/m(2) for all treatment cycles, and Cohort 2, scheduled to receive 20 mg/m(2) for cycle 1 and then 27 mg/m(2) for all subsequent cycles. The primary end point was an overall response rate (≥ partial response) of 42.4% in Cohort 1 and 52.2% in Cohort 2. The clinical benefit response (overall response rate + minimal response) was 59.3% and 64.2% in Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Median duration of response was 13.1 months and not reached, and median time to progression was 8.3 months and not reached, respectively. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were fatigue (62.0%) and nausea (48.8%). Single-agent carfilzomib elicited a low incidence of peripheral neuropathy-17.1% overall (1 grade 3; no grade 4)-in these pretreated bortezomib-naive patients. The results of the present study support the use of carfilzomib in R/R MM patients. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00530816.
MIREX 2010 : CHORD DETECTION USING A DYNAMIC BAYESIAN NETWORK

We present our submission MD1 to the Chord Estimation Task of the 2010 Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX 2010). The front-end chroma generation is based on a new implementation of NNLS Chroma 1 as a Vamp plugin. The higher level model is implemented in Matlab as a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) with extensive context modelling (metric position, key, chord and bass), leading to a very computationally complex method. The method has achieved the highest chord overlap ratio (0.8022) among the participating methods.
Learning Affordance Maps by Observing Interactions

We address the problem of predicting affordances for dense 3D geometry scans of real-world scenes. Using an RGBD camera setup we observe people interacting with objects and learn the correlation between body part positions and interacted geometry. We encode this information as affordance maps over 3D geometry and predict affordances for novel scenes where no observations are available.
Gradient flow adaptive beamforming and signal separation in a miniature microphone array

Gradient flow converts the problem of separating unknown delayed mixtures of sources, from traveling waves impinging on . an array of sensors, into a simpler problem of separating unknown instantaneous mixtures of the time-differentiated sources, obtained by acquiring or computing spatial and temporal derivatives on the array. The linear coefficients in the instantaneous mixture directly represent the delays, which in tum determine the direction angles of the sources. This formulation is attractive, since it allows to separate and localize waves of broadband signals using standard tools of independent component analysis (ICA), yielding the sources along with their direction angles. The technique is suited for arrays of small aperture, with dimensions shorter than the coherence length of the waves. We present gradient flow experiments on an array of four hearing aid microphones placed within a 5 mm radius, yielding 20 dB separation of joint speech in outdoors acoustic environments, and 10 dB separation indoors under mild reverberant conditions. These results suggest applications of gradient flow miniature microphone arrays to intelligent hearing aids with adaptive suppression of interfering signals and nonstationary noise.
Effect of Ischemia and Antianginal Drugs on the Distribution of Radioactive Microspheres in the Canine Left Ventricle

Radioactive microspheres were used to estimate the changes in regional myocardial blood flow occurring during acute myocardial ischemia. Carbonized 15-μ spheres were injected into the left atrium of 28 open-chest dogs and the radioactivity of selected areas determined after sacrifice. Acute occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery produced a significant diminution in the proportion of microspheres reaching the circumflex area. In addition, there was a disproportionate decrease in endocardial radioactivity in the ischemic area (endocardial/epicardial radioactivity ratio falling from 1.17 to 0.76, P < 0.001) but not in the nonischemic area. Both nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) and propranolol (1 mg/kg) failed to cause a significant change in the ratio of circumflex to descendens radioactivity during ischemia. They did, however, cause a significant increase in the ratio of endocardial to epicardial radioactivity in both ischemic and nonischemic areas.
Summarization: (1) Using MMR for Diversity- Based Reranking and (2) Evaluating Summaries

This paper develops a method for combining query-relevance with information-novelty in the context of text retrieval and summarization. The Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR) criterion strives to reduce redundancy while maintaining query relevance in reranking retrieved documents and in selecting appropriate passages for text summarization. Preliminary results indicate some benefits for MMR diversity ranking in ad-hoc query and in single document summarization. The latter are borne out by the trial-run (unofficial) TREC-style evaluation of summarization systems. However, the clearest advantage is demonstrated in the automated construction of large document and non-redundant multi-document summaries, where MMR results are clearly superior to non-MMR passage selection. This paper also discusses our preliminary evaluation of summarization methods for single documents.
Veterinary syndromic surveillance in practice: costs and benefits for governmental organizations

Background We describe a veterinary syndromic surveillance system developed in Sweden based on laboratory test requests. Materials and methods The system is a desktop application built using free software. Results Development took 1 year. During the first year of operation, utility was demonstrated by the detection of statistically significant increases in the number of laboratory submissions. The number of false alarms was considered satisfactory in order to achieve the desired sensitivity. Discussion Besides the demonstrated benefit for disease surveillance, the system contributed to improving data quality and communication between the diagnostic departments and the epidemiology department.
Existence and Stability of Periodic Solution for Cohen-Grossberg Neural Networks with Time-Varying and Distributed Delays 1

In this paper, a generalized model of Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with periodic coefficients and both time-varying and distributed delays is investigated. By employing Mawhin’s continuation theorem, analytic methods, inequality technique and M -matrix theory, some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence, uniqueness and global exponential stability of the periodic oscillatory solution for Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with both time-varying and distributed delays are obtained. Two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Timbre Space as a Musical Control Structure

Research on musical timbre typically seeks representations of the perceptual structure inherent in a set of sounds that have implications for expressive control over the sounds in composition and performance. With digital analysis-based sound synthesis and with experiments on tone quality perception, we can obtain representations of sounds that suggest ways to provide low-dimensional control over their perceptually important properties. In this paper, we will describe a system for taking subjective measures of perceptual contrast between sound objects and using this data as input to some computer programs. The computer programs use multidimensional scaling algorithms to generate geometric representations from the input data. In the timbral spaces that result from the scaling programs, the various tones can be represented as points and a good statistical relationship can be sought between the distances in the space and the contrast judgments between the corresponding tones. The spatial representation is given a psychoacoustical interpretation by relating its dimensions to the acoustical properties of the tones. Controls are then applied directly to these properties in synthesis. The control schemes to be described are for additive synthesis and allow for the manipulation of the evolving spectral energy distribution and various temporal features of the tones. Tests of the control schemes have been carried out in musical contexts. * Particular emphasis will be given here to the construction of melodic lines in which the timbre is manipulated on a note-to-note basis. Implications for the design of human control interfaces and of software for real-time digital sound synthesizers will be discussed.
The Solution of Waveguide Scattering Problems by Application of an Extended Huygens Formulation

The implementation of a recent new hybrid integral-equation/vector finite-element method formulation applicable to inhomogeneous obstacle scattering in hollow waveguide, requiring discretization just of the obstacle, is presented. The integral equation links the given incident modes with the discontinuity-surface electric and magnetic fields. The finite-element equation is expressed in terms of the entire magnetic and surface electric field of the obstacle. Compatible vector finite-element basis function expansions are inserted, resulting in a pair of matrix equations soluble for the unknown electric and magnetic basis coefficients. Corresponding two-port scattering parameters are further derived. Test cases of posts in the TE10 waveguide, with details of the matrix constructions, are described. Numerical results verified against an established commercial code are given. The ability to model inhomogeneous, lossy, and multiple scatterers is demonstrated
Analysis of sport self-confidence of high and low altitude cricket players

The purpose of this study was to compare the trait and state sport self-confidence of High and Low altitude intervarsity cricket players. 50 cricket players, 25 High Altitude (North Zone Level) Cricket Players and 25 Low Altitude (North Zone Level) Cricket Players were selected through random sampling for this study. The age of the players ranged between 21-25 years and had been practicing in their sport/game for an average of 9 years. The research instruments used were Trait Sport Confidence Inventory (TSCI, Vealey, 1986) and State Sport Confidence Inventory (SSCI, Vealey (1986). Trait sport Confidence Inventory was distributed among subjects approximately 18 hours before the first competition and state self confidence inventory was distributed among subjects about 1 hour before the first competition. It was found that both high and low altitude cricket players fall in the high trait and state sport self-confidence level. To test the hypothesis that the High Altitude Players and Low Altitude Players were associated with statistically insignificantly different mean TSSC and SSSC, an independent samples t-test was performed. The independent samples t-test was associated with a statistically significant difference for TSSC t (48) = 2.27, p<. 001 and for SSSC t (48) = 2.75, p<. 001. On the basis the results it was concluded that Low Altitude Cricket Players possess more Trait Sport Self Confidence and State Sport Self Confidence than High Altitude Players.
RF source localization using reflection model in NLOS condition

This paper introduces RF source localization in the absence of Line Of Sight signal reception considering the reflection phenomena. Reflection that can reduce the signal strength due to the angle of reflection and the distance between the RF source and the receiver. The proposed approach is used to localize an RF source based on the reflection model of signals from obstacles using RSSI and DOA as measurement. To estimate the reflection angle and the distance between the RF source and the receiver, as the reflection parameters, the reflection path is modeled based on the signal strength and a data base is created based on the signal propagations. Then the Nearest Neighbor algorithm is used to estimate reflection parameters for obtaining the locus of possible location of the RF source. The localization of the RF source is calculated by intersecting two locus of possible locations which can be estimated by one or two UAVs. The approach has been implemented and simulated with good results.
Comparison between a GnRH antagonist and a GnRH agonist flare-up protocol in oocyte donors: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND Little information is available on the outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using GnRH antagonist in oocyte donation cycles especially in comparison with the short GnRH agonist protocol. This study was aimed at comparing the two stimulation protocols in oocyte donation (OD) cycles. METHODS A total of 113 donors randomly received COH using either GnRH antagonist or GnRH agonist. The primary endpoint was the mean number of mature oocytes retrieved per started donor cycle. Secondary endpoints were the mean number of cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) retrieved, the mean proportion of mature oocytes, pregnancy and implantation rates in recipients. RESULTS Oocytes were distributed to 166 recipients. The mean number (+/- SD) of COC (11.6 +/- 5.8 versus 12.1 +/- 6.7), mature oocytes (8.4 +/- 4.4 versus 8.9 +/- 5.3) and the proportion of mature oocytes (70.8 versus 75.7%) retrieved per started donor cycle were similar in the antagonist and agonist groups, respectively. The implantation rate (26.1 versus 30.1%), clinical (40.2 versus 45.6%) and ongoing pregnancy rate per recipient cycle (32.2 versus 37.9%) were comparable in antagonist and agonist protocols, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Similar mean number of mature oocytes and comparable pregnancy rates are achieved after OD in which donors received COH using GnRH antagonist or short GnRH agonist protocols.