Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Varied Performance of Hizb ut-Tahrir: Success in Britain and Uzbekistan and Stalemate in Egypt and Turkey

This paper studies the Muslim youth experience in Britain and Uzbekistan vis-a-vis their vulnerability to extremist ideologies with a specific focus on the Hizb ut-Tahrir (HT), contrasting these two cases with the Turkish and Egyptian cases, which were resilient to HT. We endeavour to analyse why, while in an autocratic country such as Egypt, the HT has had limited influence on the hearts and minds of the Muslim youth, it has been more influential in a Western democracy, Britain, where moderation of extremist ideologies through democratic learning should normally take place as the political science literature suggests. From a comparative perspective involving four very different countries, the paper looks at the issues of alienation, marginalisation, discrimination, socio-economic, political and theological deprivation and the impact of the foreign policy on young Muslim minds and their resiliency or vulnerability to movements such as HT.
POLYMERIZATION OF THE DNA BINDING FRAGMENT OF p53 ON DNA: ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY STUDY

We performed atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of complex formation between DNA and the DNAbinding fragment of p53 protein (p53F, amino acids 96308) in a broad range of protein concentration. We have found that p53F coated DNA completely at high concentration. The coated filament had a width of 6.45 ± 1.0 nm and the length of the DNA in the complex was unaltered, in agreement with an earlier X ray study. As a control, we made similar measurements on RecA-DNA filaments. The unwinding of DNA by RecA was easily detected. We compared the stiffness of p53F/DNA filaments with DNA and RecA-DNA using the ratio of the end-to-end distance (L e ) to the contour length (Lc). We found L e /L c = 0.22 ± 0.15 for 1.07 Kb DNA, 0.49 ± 0.06 for p53-DNA and 0.87 ± 0.35 for RecA-DNA. Formation of filamentous complexes might play a role in the p53 regulation of DNA repair.
Analysis of the ventricular fibrillation ECG signal amplitude and frequency parameters as predictors of countershock success in humans.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess from the ventricular fibrillation ECG signal whether certain amplitude parameters, or frequency parameters derived using fast Fourier transform analysis, are predictive of countershock success (defined as a stable supraventricular rhythm following countershock). DESIGN Retrospective, descriptive study. SETTING Emergency medical service at a university hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-six patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, whose initial ECG rhythm was identified as ventricular fibrillation. METHODS AND RESULTS In all patients, advanced cardiac life support was performed in the out-of-hospital setting and a semiautomatic defibrillator was used for countershock therapy and simultaneous on-line ECG recording. For each patient, ECG data were stored in modules in digitized form over a period of 20 min and analyzed retrospectively. Using fast Fourier transform analysis of the ventricular fibrillation ECG signal in the frequency range of 0.3 to 30 Hz (mean +/- SD), median frequency, dominant frequency, edge frequency, and amplitude were as follows: 5.17 +/- 1.05 Hz, 4.56 +/- 0.99 Hz, 10.74 +/- 3.46 Hz, and 1.33 +/- 0.44 mV before successful countershock (n = 20); and 4.21 +/- 1.17 Hz (p = 0.0034), 3.31 +/- 1.57 Hz (p = 0.0004), 9.46 +/- 2.93 Hz (p = 0.5390), and 1.15 +/- 0.69 mV (p = 0.0134) before unsuccessful countershock (n = 134). Using software filters to completely eliminate interference due to manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the ventricular fibrillation power spectrum, only amplitude remained statistically different (p < or = 0.03) in predicting countershock success. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in patients, median frequency, dominant frequency, and amplitude are predictive of countershock success in humans.
Simulation Study on the Propagation Law of Sina Micro-blog for Tianjin Event Based on Improved SIR Model

This paper studied the SIR model and had made the improvement to the model combining with the characteristics of sina micro-blog data. Based on this improved SIR model, this paper gived the simulation research on the propagation law of Sina micro-blog for Tianjin event, and it pointed out that the forwarding information of public security events presented heavy tailed characteristics.
Proton pump inhibitors and hospitalization for Clostridium difficile-associated disease: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD), with conflicting results. Whether outpatient PPI use influences the risk of hospital admission for CDAD among older patients who have recently been treated with antibiotics is unknown. METHODS We conducted a population-based, nested case-control study of linked health care databases in Ontario, Canada, from 1 April 2002 through 31 March 2005. We identified patients aged > or = 66 years who were hospitalized for CDAD within 60 days of receiving outpatient antibiotic therapy. Each case patient with CDAD was matched with 10 control subjects on the basis of age, sex, and details of antibiotic use (antibiotic class, timing, and number of antibiotics used). PPI use by case patients and control subjects was categorized as current (within 90 days), recent (91-180 days), or remote (181-365 days). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio for the association between outpatient PPI use and risk of hospitalization for CDAD. RESULTS We identified 1389 case patients and 12,303 matched control subjects. Case patients were no more likely than control subjects to have received a PPI in the preceding 90 days (adjusted odds ratio, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-1.1). Similarly, we found no association between hospitalization for CDAD and more remote use of PPIs. CONCLUSIONS Among community-dwelling older patients, PPI use is not a risk factor for hospitalization with CDAD.
Effects of Anti-TNF Alpha Drugs on Disability in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Long-Term Real-Life Data from the Lorhen Registry

This study involving 1033 patients with RA confirms the effectiveness of etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab in reducing RA-related disability even in patients with a history of highly active and longstanding RA. Moreover, we found that the improvement in disability was biphasic, with a marked improvement during the first year of anti-TNF therapy, followed by slower but significant recovery over the subsequent four years.
European Anti-Catholicism in Comparative and Transnational Perspective: The Role of a Unifying Other: An Introduction

The purpose of this volume is to show how different national contexts affected the proliferation of anti-Catholic messages over the course of four centuries of European history, from 1600 to 2000. Factors such as the legal status of various faiths and their opportunities for proselytising, the relation between state and church, transnational cultural relations, and the development of different media and channels for communication all provide clues as to the general patterns governing anti-Catholicism as a societal force.
A Single Amino Acid Change in the Yeast Vacuolar Metal Transporters Zrc1 and Cot1 Alters Their Substrate Specificity*

Iron is an essential nutrient but in excess may damage cells by generating reactive oxygen species due to Fenton reaction or by substituting for other transition metals in essential proteins. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae detoxifies cytosolic iron by storage in the vacuole. Deletion of CCC1, which encodes the vacuolar iron importer, results in high iron sensitivity due to increased cytosolic iron. We selected mutants that permitted Δccc1 cells to grow under high iron conditions by UV mutagenesis. We identified a mutation (N44I) in the vacuolar zinc transporter ZRC1 that changed the substrate specificity of the transporter from zinc to iron. COT1, a vacuolar zinc and cobalt transporter, is a homologue of ZRC1 and both are members of the cation diffusion facilitator family. Mutation of the homologous amino acid (N45I) in COT1 results in an increased ability to transport iron and decreased ability to transport cobalt. These mutations are within the second hydrophobic domain of the transporters and show the essential nature of this domain in the specificity of metal transport.
From Knowing What to Knowing Where: Modeling Object-Based Attention with Feedback Disinhibition of Activation

We propose a neural model of visual object-based attention in which the identity of an object is used to select its location in an array of objects. The model is based on neural activity observed in visual search tasks performed by monkeys. In the model, the identity of the object (target) is selected in the higher areas of the ventral stream by means of a cue. Feedback activation from these higher areas carries information about the identity of the target to the (lower) retinotopic areas of the ventral stream. In these areas, the feedback activation interacts with feedforward activation produced by the object array. The interaction occurs in local microcircuits, and results in a selective activation on locations in the retinotopic areas of the visual stream that correspond to the location of the target in the object array. The selective activation consists of a form of gain control, produced by disinhibition. Transmitted to the dorsal stream, this activation directs spatial attention to the location of the target. In this way, an action directed at the target can be generated.
Electromyography Low Pass Filtering Effects on the Classification of Hand Movements in Amputated Subjects

People with transradial hand amputations can have control capabilities of prosthetic hands via surface electromyography (sEMG) but the control systems are limited and usually not natural. In the scientific literature, the application of pattern recognition techniques to classify hand movements in sEMG led to remarkable results but the evaluations are usually far from real life applications with all uncertainties and noise. Therefore, there is a need to improve the movement classification accuracy in real settings. Smoothing the signal with a low pass filter is a common pre– processing procedure to remove high–frequency noise. However, the filtering frequency modifies the signal strongly and can therefore affect the classification results. In this paper we analyze the dependence of the classification accuracy on the pre–processing low–pass filtering frequency in 3 hand amputated subjects performing 50 different movements. The results highlight two main interesting aspects. First, the filtering frequency strongly affects the classification accuracy, and choosing the right frequency between 1Hz–5Hz can improve the accuracy up to 5%. Second, different subjects obtain the best classification performance at different frequencies. Theoretically these facts could affect all the similar classification procedures reducing the classification uncertainity. Therefore, they contribute to set the field closer to real life applications, which could deeply change the life of hand amputated subjects.
Polyethylene glycol but not mifepristone prevents intestinal lymphocyte loss following treadmill exercise in mice.

UNLABELLED Circulating lymphocyte numbers decrease following intense physical activity, possibly due to exercise-induced apoptosis. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucocorticoids (GC) following exercise contribute to lymphocyte apoptosis. Intestinal lymphocyte (IL) numbers also decrease following exercise. AIM The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of GC to exercise-induced IL loss. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 178) were randomized to five drug conditions: (1) single injection of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (MIF) solubilized in polyethylene glycol (PEG); (2) three injections of MIF (repeated MIF) PEG; (3) single injection of PEG (PEG); (4) three injections of PEG (repeated PEG); or (5) repeated injections of saline (SAL). Within each drug group mice were further randomized to exercise conditions: (1) control condition (non-exercised); (2) treadmill running with sacrifice immediately following the exercise; or (3) treadmill running with sacrifice 24 h after completion of the exercise. RESULTS There was a significant exercise effect, across all T lymphocyte subsets, in SAL (P < 0.01), PEG (P < 0.01) and MIF (P < 0.01) treated mice but not in mice given repeated PEG or repeated MIF exposure. The exercise effect was due to reduced IL numbers 24 h post-exercise compared with non-exercised controls. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GC are not directly responsible for IL cell loss following exercise. Repeated exposure to PEG may confer protection in the gastrointestinal tract from exercise-induced lymphocyte depletion. Because PEG inhibits ROS generation in experimental cell injury, the mechanisms for IL loss after exercise may involve oxidative stress.
Spinners , Dice , and Pawns : Using Board Games to Prepare for Agent-Based Modeling Activities

INTRODUCTION Computational models and simulations can be powerful tools to help learners understand a wide variety of natural phenomena (National Research Council, 2011). However, in order to construct understandings of target phenomena—especially those that emerge from the complex interactions of a large number of entities—it is important for learners to also understand a model’s simplifying assumptions, including the rules that govern the behavior of individual computational agents (Jacobson & Wilensky, 2006; Son & Goldstone, 2009; Wilensky & Reisman, 2006; Wilensky & Resnick, 1999). For example, in a model of a predator-prey ecosystem (e.g. Wilenksy & Reisman, 2006; Wilensky & Resnick, 1999) learners ideally understand that the model represent simplified ecosystems with two or three types of organisms; that these organisms reproduce asexually based on some fixed probability; that encounters between predators and prey are determined by chance discrete movements on a two-dimensional plane; and that simulations advance in fixed step-by-step time intervals (ticks).
AAC strategies for people with primary progressive aphasia without dementia: two case studies

This paper describes multimodality augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies developed for two people with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) without dementia. One case focused primarily on an initial assessment while the other case emphasized intervention. AAC system development included communication needs analyses, communication board and book development, and gesture modeling. Intervention focused on providing contextual cues, teaching visually based AAC strategies, and facilitator training. Both people with PPA successfully learned AAC strategies to augment the strategies they generated themselves to improve their functional communication. The authors suggest specific features of AAC that may be useful for people with PPA.
Risk factors associated with cataracts and lens luxations in captive pinnipeds in the United States and the Bahamas.

OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for lens luxation and cataracts in captive pinnipeds in the United States and the Bahamas. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 111 pinnipeds (99 California sea lions [Zalophus californianus], 10 harbor seals [Phoca vitulina], and 2 walruses [Odobenus rosmarus]) from 9 facilities. PROCEDURES Eyes of each pinniped were examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist for the presence of cataracts or lens luxations and photographed. Information detailing husbandry practices, history, and facilities was collected with a questionnaire, and descriptive statistical analyses were performed for continuous and categorical variables. Odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated from the final model. RESULTS Risk factors for lens luxation, cataracts, or both included age >or= 15 years, history of fighting, history of ocular disease, and insufficient access to shade. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diseases of the lens commonly affect captive pinnipeds. Access to UV-protective shade, early identification and medical management of ocular diseases, and prevention of fighting can limit the frequency or severity of lens-related disease in this population. An extended life span may result from captivity, but this also allows development of pathological changes associated with aging, including cataracts.
Musical Coherence, Motive, and Categorization

Arnold Schoenberg9s theory of musical coherence is used as a point of departure to explore how aspects of a musical motive can be explained by recent research into categorization. Categorization can account for the coherence produced by repeated statements of a motive, for the role of motive as a starting place for higher level cognitive processes, and for relationships among diverse motive forms. The first section of the essay reviews recent research into categorization, with applications to music. The second section presents an analysis of a principal motive from Mozart9s String Quartet K. 465. This analysis demonstrates how the structure of a motivic category is realized over the course of an entire movement.
EnforSDN: Network policies enforcement with SDN

Network services, such as security, load-balancing, and monitoring, are an indisputable part of modern networking infrastructure and are traditionally realized as specialized appliances or middleboxes. Middleboxes complicate the management, the deployment, and the operations of the entire network. Moreover, they induce network performance issues and scalability limitations by requiring huge amounts of traffic to be, often sub-optimally redirected, and sometimes redundantly processed. Recent trends of server virtualization and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) exacerbate these scalability and performance issues. In this paper, we present EnforSDN - a new management approach that exploits SDN principles to decouple the policy resolution layer from the policy enforcement layer in network service appliances. Our approach improves the enforcement management, network utilization and communication latency, without compromising the policy and the functionality of the network. Using emulated SDN-based data center environment, we demonstrate higher throughput and lower latency achieved with EnforSDN, as compared to a baseline SDN network. In addition, we show that EnforSDN reduces the overall network appliances load, as well as the forwarding tables size.
Hyaluronic acid as a rescue therapy for trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis through Cox-2 and PGE2 in a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent way

We hypothesized whether systemic administration of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW HA) could rescue trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal. C3H/HeN mice and C3H/HeJ mice were used. Mice were divided into four groups: control, 50% ethanol treatment group, TNBS treatment group, and TNBS plus HA treatment group. The weight changes, clinical scores, macroscopic scores, and histological scores were recorded. Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expressions were measured both in colons and peritoneal macrophages from these mice. HA was a rescue therapy for the colitis induced by TNBS only in C3H/HeN mice. The clinical score, macroscopic score, and histological score were much lower in C3H/HeN mice receiving TNBS plus HA treatment. Cox-2 and PGE2 expressions only increased in C3H/HeN mice. These Cox-2 expressing cells were macrophages. HA can also promote the production of Cox-2 and PGE2 in peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice. Our data demonstrated that HMW HA can rescue TNBS-induced colitis through inducing Cox-2 and PGE2 expressions in a TLR4-dependent way. Macrophages may be the effector cells of HMW HA.
Direct Thrombus Imaging in Stroke

There is an emergent need for imaging methods to better triage patients with acute stroke for tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA)-mediated thrombolysis or endovascular clot retrieval by directly visualizing the size and distribution of cerebral thromboemboli. Currently, magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomography (CT) angiography visualizes the obstruction of blood flow within the vessel lumen rather than the thrombus itself. The present visualization method, which relies on observation of the dense artery sign (the appearance of cerebral thrombi on a non-enhanced CT), suffers from low sensitivity. When translated into the clinical setting, direct thrombus imaging is likely to enable individualized acute stroke therapy by allowing clinicians to detect the thrombus with high sensitivity, assess the size and nature of the thrombus more precisely, serially monitor the therapeutic effects of thrombolysis, and detect post-treatment recurrence. This review is intended to provide recent updates on stroke-related direct thrombus imaging using MR imaging, positron emission tomography, or CT.
Low area FSM-based memory BIST for synchronous SRAM

As the memory enters submicron technology, new test algorithm that will be able to give a better fault coverage such as to detect all intra-word coupling fault (CF) has been widely developed. In order to implement this algorithm to the memory, test technique such as BIST is utilized. Common types of memory built-in-self test (MBIST); microcode-based MBIST and FSM-based MBIST. The popular approach of designing various kind of MBIST architectures are either by targeting to reach specific testing requirement such as on full speed and at speed or by considering the cost-constraint and area overhead such low-cost or low-area design. In this paper, FSM-based BIST is designed to be able detecting all intra-word coupling fault (CF) in a synchronous SRAM under low- area constraint of test requirement.
Joint multiuser admission control and downlink beamforming for green cloud-RANs Via semidefinite relaxation

Cloud radio access network (Cloud-RAN) has great potentials to improve energy efficiency and increase capacity of wireless networks. In this paper, we study the green communication for Cloud-RANs. Instead of only focusing on the transmit power consumption, we minimize the network power consumption which includes not only transmit power consumption but also circuit power consumption. In addition, we take into account the scenario that some mobile users can not be served. A joint multiuser admission control and downlink beamforming scheme is proposed for Cloud-RANs to minimize the network power consumption. We first formulate the problem as a two-stage problem, and then adopt semidefinite relaxation (SDR) to transform it as a Mixed-Integer Semidefinite Program (MI-SDP) which is a convex programming when the integer variables are fixed. By using the continuous relaxation, a heuristic algorithm with low complexity is proposed to derive the suboptimal solution. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm compared with the existing work.
Analysis of Images of Streetscapes by Text Data and Comparison between Residents and Visitors

In this paper, we deal with images of streetscapes and make comparisons between residents and visitors. The authors carried out an experiment in which residents and visitors took walks in a town and got pictures of interesting things. After the walks, they described the reasons why they had been interested the things. The described text data were measured quantitatively and the images were modeled by graph theory. The difference of the images between the residents and the visitors were revealed.