Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kupffer Cells Infiltrate Liver Tissue Early after Ischemia-Reperfusion and Partial Hepatectomy

Kupffer cells, ED2+ macrophages of the liver, play an important role in liver damage and regeneration. It is proposed that Kupffer cells are stationary and regenerate after acute liver trauma by local proliferation. We analyzed their kinetics in three surgically relevant murine models of acute liver injury: partial liver resection, ischemia with reperfusion and sepsis. We found an early increase in ED2+ cells after 0.5 h and a maximum after 12 h. These results suggest an infiltration of the cells early after the injury and a later local proliferation. These ED2+ macrophages are localized predominantly periportally; nearly no macrophages are found pericentrally, except in the sepsis model. Therefore, a shifting of macrophages from portal to central seems to be unlikely, suggesting a hepatic zonation of homing factors.
Entity search: building bridges between two worlds

We consider the task of entity search and examine to which extent state-of-art information retrieval (IR) and semantic web (SW) technologies are capable of answering information needs that focus on entities. We also explore the potential of combining IR with SW technologies to improve the end-to-end performance on a specific entity search task. We arrive at and motivate a proposal to combine text-based entity models with semantic information from the Linked Open Data cloud.
Antifungal activities of extracts from Thai medicinal plants against opportunistic fungal pathogens associated with AIDS patients

In this study, 36 extracts derived from 10 plant species were selected to screen for their antifungal activity against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Microsporum gypseum. Selection was based on their use by traditional Thai healers or their reported antimicrobial activities in an attempt to find bioactive medicines for use in the treatment of opportunistic fungal infections in AIDS patients. The disc diffusion and hyphal extension–inhibition assays were primarily used to test for inhibition of growth. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by dilution methods. The chloroform extracts of Alpinia galanga and Boesenbergia pandurata had pronounced antifungal activity against C. neoformans and M. gypseum, but exhibited weak activity against C. albicans. Alpinia galanga and B. pandurata are excellent candidates for the development of a remedy for opportunistic fungal infections in AIDS patients.
Dynamic analysis of usage control policies

Usage control extends access control by enabling the specification of requirements that should be satisfied before, while and after access. To ensure that the deployment of usage control policies in target domains achieves the required security goals, policy verification and analysis tools are needed. In this paper, we present an approach for the dynamic analysis of usage control policies using formal descriptions of target domains and their usage control policies. Our approach provides usage control management explicit labeled transition system semantics and enables the automated verification of usage control policies using model checking.
An Epitope of the Semliki Forest Virus Fusion Protein Exposed during Virus-Membrane Fusion

ABSTRACT Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is an enveloped alphavirus that infects cells via a membrane fusion reaction triggered by acidic pH in the endocytic pathway. Fusion is mediated by the spike protein E1 subunit, an integral membrane protein that contains the viral fusion peptide and forms a stable homotrimer during fusion. We have characterized four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the acid conformation of E1. These MAbs did not inhibit fusion, suggesting that they bind to an E1 region different from the fusion peptide. Competition analyses demonstrated that all four MAbs bound to spatially related sites on acid-treated virions or isolated spike proteins. To map the binding site, we selected for virus mutants resistant to one of the MAbs, E1a-1. One virus isolate, SFV 4-2, showed reduced binding of three acid-specific MAbs including E1a-1, while its binding of one acid-specific MAb as well as non-acid-specific MAbs to E1 and E2 was unchanged. The SFV 4-2 mutant was fully infectious, formed the E1 homotrimer, and had the wild-type pH dependence of infection. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the relevant mutation in SFV 4-2 was a change of E1 glycine 157 to arginine (G157R). Decreased binding of MAb E1a-1 was observed under a wide range of assay conditions, strongly suggesting that the E1 G157R mutation directly affects the MAb binding site. These data thus localize an E1 region that is normally hidden in the neutral pH structure and becomes exposed as part of the reorganization of the spike protein to its fusion-active conformation.
Generation of Patterns With External Conditions for the Game of Go

Patterns databases are used to improve search in games. We have generated pattern databases for the game of Go. The generated patterns are associated to conditions external to the pattern. This enables the pattern to cover much more positions, but it leads to new problems for pattern generation. We explain how we have managed to solve these problems. We believe that patterns associated to external conditions can be useful in other games.
Local estimates and global continuities in Lebesgue spaces for bilinear operators

In this paper, we first prove some local estimates for bilinear operators (closely related to the bilinear Hilbert transform and similar singular operators) with truncated symbol. Such estimates, in accordance with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle correspond to a description of ``off-diagonal'' decay. In addition they allow us to prove global continuities in Lebesgue spaces for bilinear operators with spatial dependent symbol.
An Almanac of Martian Dust Storms for InSight project energy system design

The power and thermal systems of NASA's new InSight lander must be designed to tolerate Martian dust storms, which have been observed to rise up and obscure much of the planet, approximately once in every three Mars years. To quantify the nature of the challenge posed by dust storms in terms of their seasonal occurrence, range of durations, and intensities, the project has performed an up-to-date, comprehensive assessment and inter-calibration of archived, historic Martian dust storm data. This unique assessment, captured in a new Dust Storm Almanac, combines direct measurements of Martian atmospheric optical depth made by both landed assets and orbital assets, in the Viking era (ca 1976) and also the present era of Martian spacecraft and instruments (1996-2013). The orbital observations of optical depth, which are in infrared, have been scaled based on calibration with contemporaneous visible-spectrum optical depth data made by surface assets. Implications of the observed dust storms for the design and operation of the InSight mission, as well as for Mars surface missions in general, are discussed.
Alternating Hashing for Expansible Files

Proposes a generalized approach for designing a class of dynamic hashing schemes which require no index and have the growth of a file at a rate of (n+1)/n per full expansion, where n is the number of pages of the file, as compared to a rate of 2 in linear hashing. Based on this generalized approach, we derive a new dynamic hashing scheme called alternating hashing, in which, when a split occurs in page k, the data records in page k are redistributed to page k and page (k+1), or to page k and page (k-1), according to whether the value of level d is even or odd, respectively (d is defined as the number of full expansions that have happened so far). From our performance analysis, given a fixed load control, the proposed scheme can achieve nearly 97% storage utilization, as compared to 78% by using linear hashing.
Ambiguity in context free languages

Four principal results about ambiguity in languages (i.e., context free languages) are proved. It is first shown that the problem of determining whether an arbitrary language is inherently ambiguous is recursively unsolvable. Then a decision procedure is presented for determining whether an arbitrary bounded grammar is ambiguous. Next, a necessary and sufficient algebraic condition is given for a bounded language to be inherently ambiguous. Finally, it is shown that no language contained in <italic>w</italic><subscrpt>1</subscrpt>*<italic>w</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>*, each <italic>w</italic><subscrpt>1</subscrpt> a word, is inherently ambiguous.
Research of Coal and Gas Outburst Forecasting Based on Immune Genetic Neural Network

Because there were a lot of facts that affect the intensity of coal and gas outburst, a BP neural network model for forecasting the intensity was constructed. Aimed at the shortcoming of the BP neural network, such as the slow training speed, easy to be trapped into the local optimums, and the premature convergence of Genetic Algorithm (GA) BP neural network, a method to design the BP neural network based on Immune Genetic Algorithm was proposed. The mechanisms of diversity maintaining and antibody density regulation exhibited in a biological immune system were introduced into IGA based on genetic algorithm. The proposed algorithm overcame the problems of GA on search efficiency¿individual diversity and premature¿and enhanced the convergent performance effectively. The results show that the IGA-BP neural network have better performance in convergent speed and global convergence, and the forecasting accuracy is improved.
HBT before CMOS, a new modular SiGe BiCMOS integration scheme

Demonstrates a novel HBT-before-CMOS integration scheme to integrate SiGe:C HBTs with a 130 nm gate length CMOS frontend. This scheme entirely eliminates the impact of the HBT thermal steps on CMOS characteristics, opening the way for easy, modular integration of high-performance HBTs into highly scaled CMOS technologies. C doping of the SiGe layer prevents the degradation of HBT parameters by critical CMOS thermal steps. This is demonstrated for SiGe:C HBTs with f/sub T//f/sub max/ values of 80/90 GHz fabricated in the HBT-before-CMOS scheme and in a benchmark HBT-only process.
Fabrication of poly(o-anisidine) coated silica core–shell microspheres and their electrorheological response

In this work, silica/poly(o-anisidine) (POA) core–shell structured microspheres were synthesized by coating the silica core surface with POA with a help of a chemical grafting agent, N-[(3-trimethoxylsilyl)-propyl] aniline. The synthesized silica microspheres were then applied as a polymer/inorganic composite particle-based electrorheological (ER) fluid. The morphology of the silica/POA microspheres was examined by using both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, while their thermal properties and chemical structure were checked by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The ER properties of the silica/POA particle-based ER fluid were examined by using a Couette-type rotational rheometer equipped with a high-voltage power supplier and analyzed by the Bingham model and modified Mason number. In order to obtain additional information about the electrical polarization properties, the dielectric spectra were measured by an LCR meter and fitted by using the Cole–Cole equation. Furthermore, suspension stability of the ER fluid was tested using Turbiscan.
Rehabilitation in semantic dementia: Study of effectiveness of lexical reacquisition in three patients

Although language rehabilitation in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is recommended, rehabilitation studies in this clinical syndrome are scarce. Specifically, in relation to semantic dementia (SD), few studies have shown the possibility of lexical relearning. Objective To analyze the effectiveness of rehabilitation for lexical reacquisition in SD. Methods Three SD patients were submitted to training for lexical reacquisition based on principles of errorless learning. Comparisons between naming performance of treated items (pre and post-training) and non-treated items of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) were made. Results All patients improved their performance in naming treated words after intervention. However, decline in performance in naming of non-treated items was observed. Case 1 named zero items at baseline while her performance post-training was 29.4% correct responses without cueing, and 90.7% correct with and without cueing. Case 2 named 6.9% of items correctly at baseline and his performance in post-training was 52.9% without cueing and 87.3%, with and without cueing. Case 3 named zero items at baseline and his performance in post-training was 100% correct responses without cueing. Considering the performance in naming the non-treated items of the BNT, the percentages of correct responses in the first evaluation and in the re-evaluation, respectively were: 16.7% and 8.3% (case 1; 14 month-interval); 26.7% and 11.6% (case 2; 18 month-interval) and 11.6% and 8.3% (case 3; 6 month-interval). Conclusions The reacquisition of lost vocabulary may be possible in SD despite progressive semantic deterioration.
Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity by Adenovirus-mediated Gene Transfer and Its Effect on Insulin Action*

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) is implicated in cellular events including glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis. It is activated in insulin-stimulated cells by binding of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains in its 85-kDa regulatory subunit to insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and, others. We have previously shown that IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity is not essential for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and that alternate pathways exist in these cells. We now show that adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the p85N-SH2 domain in these cells behaves in a dominant-negative manner, interfering with complex formation between endogenous PI 3-K and its SH2 binding targets. This not only inhibited insulin-stimulated IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity, but also completely blocked anti-phosphotyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity, which would include the non-IRS-1-associated activity. This resulted in inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport, glycogen synthase activity and DNA synthesis. Further, Ser/Thr phosphorylation of downstream molecules Akt and p70 S6 kinase was inhibited. However, co-expression of a membrane-targeted p110C AAX with the p85N-SH2 protein rescued glucose transport, supporting our argument that the p85N-SH2 protein specifically blocks insulin-mediated PI 3-kinase activity, and, that the signaling pathways downstream of PI 3-kinase are intact. Unexpectedly, GTP-bound Ras was elevated in the basal state. Since p85 is known to interact with GTPase-activating protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the overexpressed p85N-SH2 peptide could titrate out cellular GTPase-activating protein by direct association, such that it is unavailable to hydrolyze GTP-bound Ras. However, insulin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was inhibited. Thus, PI 3-kinase may be required for this action at a step independent of and downstream of Ras. We conclude that, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, non-IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity is crucial for insulin’s metabolic signaling, and that overexpressed p85N-SH2 protein inhibits a variety of insulin’s ultimate biological effects.
Influence of Sodium Balance on the Ability of Diuretics to Inhibit Tubular Reabsorption: A Study of Factors that Influence Renal Tubular Sodium Reabsorption in Man

Chlorothiazide and ethacrynic acid were given to normal humans and patients with cirrhosis and ascites, with replacement of urinary losses, to obtain information on (1) the influence of different states of sodium balance and excretion on the effectiveness of the drugs in blocking tubular reabsorption and promoting excretion of sodium, and (2) the influence of different states of sodium balance on reabsorption of sodium by different segments of the nephron of man. The results demonstrated that in normal man the natriuretic response to these agents is markedly influenced by the existing state of sodium balance. The differences in response to the drugs related both to differences in the filtered load of sodium and to differences in the fraction of filtered sodium reabsorbed at the diuretic-sensitive distal tubular sites. Sodium loading in the presence of a mineralocorticoid was associated with a thiazideinduced increment in the excretion of sodium which was 10 times greater than that observed during sodium depletion. This effect is suggestive of decreased proximal tubular reabsorption. In patients with cirrhosis and sodium retention the fraction of filtered sodium reabsorbed at both diuretic-sensitive tubular sites was diminished, suggesting increased proximal tubular reabsorption. In addition to demonstrating a striking influence of sodium balance on the natriuretic response to the diuretics, the results suggest that in man sodium diuresis is associated with decreased fractional reabsorption by the proximal tubule and increased fractional and absolute sodium reabsorption by the distal tubule. In patients accumulating edema and ascites, an increase in the fractional reabsorption of sodium appears to occur in the proximal tubule and could account for limited effectiveness of the diuretic agents.
Performance Evaluation of Fast Fourier Transform Application on Heterogeneous Platforms

Heterogeneous platforms, integrating SMPs, clusters, GPUs, FPGAs, etc. are becoming the most popular architectures of supercomputers. Achieving high performance on CPUs or GPUs requires careful consideration of their different architectures, which challenges the capability and skills of programmers. In order to overcome the portability problem, OpenCL, a free cross-platform programming standard, is proposed by Khronos Compute Working Group. However, the performance of OpenCL-based programs has not been thoroughly studied yet. Therefore, in this paper, we first design OpenFFT-Bench, an FFT application with OpenCL-based FFT and OpenGL-based real-time spectrum visualization as the benchmark. We evaluate its performance on four OpenCL programming platforms including NVIDIA CUDA, ATI Stream (GPU), ATI Stream (CPU), and Intel OpenCL. Characteristics of OpenFFT-Bench are investigated with multiple FFT sizes. Experimental results show that OpenCL and OpenGL-based applications can not only run on multiple heterogeneous platforms, but also achieve relatively high performance on GPU-based platforms.
Dependency Parsing Resources for French: Converting Acquired Lexical Functional Grammar F-Structure Annotations and Parsing F-Structures Directly

Recent years have seen considerable success in the generation of automatically obtained wide-coverage deep grammars for natural language processing, given reliable and large CFG-like treebanks. For research within Lexical Functional Grammar framework, these deep grammars are typically based on an extended PCFG parsing scheme from which dependencies are extracted. However, increasing success in statistical dependency parsing suggests that such deep grammar approaches to statistical parsing could be streamlined. We explore this novel approach to deep grammar parsing within the framework of LFG in this paper, for French, showing that best results (an f-score of 69.46) for the established integrated architecture may be obtained for French.
Low‐Temperature Deposition of Layered SnSe2 for Heterojunction Diodes

Tin diselenide (SnSe2) has been recently investigated as an alternative layered metal dichalcogenide due to its unique electrical and optoelectronics properties. Although there are several reports on the deposition of layered crystalline SnSe2 films by chemical and physical methods, synthesis methods like pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are not reported. An attractive feature of PLD is that it can be used to grow 2D films over large areas. In this report, a deposition process to grow stoichiometric SnSe2 on different substrates such as single crystals (Sapphire) and amorphous oxides (SiO2 and HfO2) is reported. A detailed process flow for the growth of 2D SnSe2 at temperatures of 300 °C is presented, which is substantially lower than temperatures used in chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy. The 2D SnSe2 films exhibit a mobility of ≈4.0 cm2 V−1 s−1, and are successfully used to demonstrate SnSe2/p‐Si heterojunction diodes. The diodes show I on/I off ratios of 103–104 with a turn on voltage of <0.5 V, and ideality factors of 1.2–1.4, depending on the SnSe2 film growth conditions.
Radiation-Induced Mutations and Their Repair

The accumulating geochronologic evidence indicates more and more convincingly that tektites were formed from terrestrial rocks in large meteoritic impacts on the earth. Ivory Coast tektites were formed about 1.3 million years ago, simultaneously with the Bosumtwi crater, and from rocks 2000 million years old. The rocks around the crater are of the same age. Moldavites were formed 14.8 million years ago, simultaneously with the Ries crater, and from rocks now roughly 300 million years old. Crystalline rocks throughout Germany north of the Alps are about 300 million years old. North American tektites were formed 35 million years ago, but no crater is known to be associated with them. Their age, as determined by the strontium isochron method, would be compatible with an origin from Appalachian granites, volcanic rock, or sediments derived from them. Not much can be said about a parent rock for the Australasian tektites, except that it would be roughly 200 to 400 million years old. The principle of simplicity suggests that one might more profitably look for large concealed craters in that vast region than postulate an extraterrestrial origin for the tektites.
Improved Power Pulsation Suppression of DFIG for Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effects

This paper analyzes and simulates wind shear and tower shadow effects in doubly-fed induction generators, which are known to induce a low-frequency oscillation. Such oscillation is called a 3p oscillation, which can cause shaft torsion load aggravation and shaft torque oscillation, it inevitably lead to electromagnetic torque and power fluctuation in the generator and further affect the whole wind power system. By analyzing a two-mass model, it can be known that a flexible drive train has a low-damping characteristic and an amplification of the input of low-frequency wind torque disturbances. Based on this point, this paper presents a new control scheme to restrain 3p oscillation is presented, which is a damping torque observation. A novel torque observer is designed to ascertain the required damping torque. A small-signal model is established for the system and used to analyze the system's static and dynamic characteristics. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is finally verified by simulation and experimental results.
Volunteers Created the Web

This paper shows how the potential for acquiring common sense knowledge from the web, outlined in Singh et al. (2002), can be realized automatically. We describe a system that has been designed to read the web and detect at least some of the kinds of common sense that volunteers have been contributing to Open Mind Common Sense (OMCS). This has at least two significant benefits: by obviating the need to provide certain kinds of knowledge that can be automatically gathered, volunteers can now be directed towards tasks that are less amenable to automation, where their input will be more valuable and effective as a result. Second, it provides a method for broadening the coverage of OMCS knowledge.