Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of feeding different protein-free diets on the recovery and amino acid composition of endogenous protein collected from the distal ileum and feces in pigs.

Nine barrows with an average initial weight of 60 kg were fitted with simple T-cannulas at the distal ileum. The animals were fed four different protein-free diets according to an incomplete latin square design. Diet 1 (control diet) consisted of 79.7% cornstarch, 10% sucrose, 3% Alphafloc (a source of cellulose), 3% canola oil and a vitamin-mineral premix. Diets 2, 3 and 4 contained, respectively, 4% pectin, an additional 7% cellulose and an additional 10% canola oil, each included at the expense of cornstarch. Feces were collected during 3 d following a 7-d adaptation period. Thereafter, digesta were collected during two 24-h periods with a 24-interval between periods. The pigs were fed 800 g of feed twice at 0800 and 2000. Added pectin increased (P less than .05) the recovery of endogenous protein in ileal digesta from 19.8 diet (diet 1) to 24.0 g per kg dry matter intake. This increment was largely due to increases (P less than .05) in glycine and proline from 1.9 to 2.4 and from 6.2 to 8.4 g per kg dry matter intake, respectively. In feces, only added cellulose increased (P less than .05) excretion of endogenous protein (8.4 vs 11.1 g/kg DM intake) and of most amino acids. Including additional fat did not affect the quantity of endogenous protein and amino acids recovered in ileal digesta or feces. Small but significant differences (P less than .05) were observed in the amino acid composition of endogenous protein recovered in ileal digesta when the different protein-free diets were fed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adaptive subcarrier bandwidth and power in OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems for high mobility applications

OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems are spectrally flexible and efficient, but they are vulnerable to intercarrier interference (ICI), especially in high mobility environments. High mobility of the terminal causes large Doppler frequency spread resulting in serious ICI. Such ICI severely degrades the system performance, which is ignored in the existing resource allocation of OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems. In this paper, an adaptive subcarrier bandwidth along with power allocation problem in OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems for high mobility applications is investigated. This adaptive subcarrier bandwidth method should choose the suitable subcarrier bandwidth not only to balance the tradeoff between ICI and intersymbol interference but also to be large enough to tolerate an amount of Doppler frequency spread but less than the coherence bandwidth. The power budget and interference to primary users caused by cognitive radio users are imposed for primary users' protection. With these constraints, a joint optimization algorithm of subcarrier bandwidth and power allocation is proposed to maximize the bandwidth efficiency of OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems in such conditions. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could maximize the system bandwidth efficiency and balance this tradeoff while satisfying the constraints. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Status Inconsistency on Consumption Patterns in Urban China

By analyzing the survey data of Chinese urban household in S city from 1998 to 2009, this paper is mainly focused on the influence of status inconsistency on consumption patterns. The study found that status inconsistency has some influence on material consumption and cultural consumption. High-return families, whose education level is higher than its income level, had less material consumption from 1988 to 1993, but they increased material consumption since 1994. Low-return homes had a higher cultural consumption during 1988-1993, but high-return families have higher than that after 1994. Overall, from 1988 to 1993, high-return families’ material and cultural consumption were low; since 1994, they have a higher material and cultural consumption.
Price transmission, BSE and structural breaks in the UK meat sector

This paper examines transmission between producer and retail prices for beef, lamb and pork in the UK and the impact of public concern over bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in early 1996. We used the cointegration procedure of Johansen et al. 2000), which admits structural breaks in cointegrating space. Results with monthly data for 1986--2000 show that a long-run relationship exists between each producer and retail price, and that a structural break occurs in the beef relationship at the height of the BSE crisis, which increases the margin by £1.12-kg. In contrast, there is no evidence of BSE-related breaks in the lamb or pork relationships. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
Genetic analysis demonstrates a direct link between rho signaling and nonmuscle myosin function during drosophila morphogenesis

A dynamic actomyosin cytoskeleton drives many morphogenetic events. Conventional nonmuscle myosin-II (myosin) is a key chemomechanical motor that drives contraction of the actin cytoskeleton. We have explored the regulation of myosin activity by performing genetic screens to identify gene products that collaborate with myosin during Drosophila morphogenesis. Specifically, we screened for second-site noncomplementors of a mutation in the zipper gene that encodes the nonmuscle myosin-II heavy chain. We determined that a single missense mutation in the zipper(Ebr) allele gives rise to its sensitivity to second-site noncomplementation. We then identify the Rho signal transduction pathway as necessary for proper myosin function. First we show that a lethal P-element insertion interacts genetically with zipper. Subsequently we show that this second-site noncomplementing mutation disrupts the RhoGEF2 locus. Next, we show that two EMS-induced mutations, previously shown to interact genetically with zipper(Ebr), disrupt the RhoA locus. Further, we have identified their molecular lesions and determined that disruption of the carboxyl-terminal CaaX box gives rise to their mutant phenotype. Finally, we show that RhoA mutations themselves can be utilized in genetic screens. Biochemical and cell culture analyses suggest that Rho signal transduction regulates the activity of myosin. Our studies provide direct genetic proof of the biological relevance of regulation of myosin by Rho signal transduction in an intact metazoan.
Protective Effect of Montelukast, a Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonist, against Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat

Abstract Objective : Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury of the intestine is a significant problem because the initial damage caused by ischemia is exacerbated by reperfusion. In this study, we examined the protective effect of montelukast against I-R-induced intestinal tissue damage. Materials and methods : Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three treatment groups: a sham-operated group, a group receiving I-R, and a group receiving I-R plus montelukast (I-R/M). Tissue samples were evaluated and scored histologically. The blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) were measured. Results : In the I-R group, the histological score and the levels of serum MDA and MPO were increased compared with those in the control group. In the I-R/M group, the histological score and serum MDA and MPO levels were significantly decreased compared with those in the I-R group. Additionally, compared with the IR group, the I-R/M group had increased serum GSH and CT-1 levels and a decreased intestinal injury score. Ileal sections from the I-R/M group showed minimal alterations, characterized by moderate lifting of the epithelial layer from the lamina propria, and few apoptotic enterocytes were observed compare with the number in the I-R group. Conclusion : The findings of the present study demonstrated that montelukast can protect I-R-induced intestinal damage in rats.
Nursing Critical Patient Severity Classification System Predicts Outcomes in Patients Admitted to Surgical Intensive Care Units: Use of Data from Clinical Data Repository

To examine the Critical Patient Severity Classification System (CPSCS) recorded by nurses to predict ICU and hospital lengths of stay and mortality, data were drawn from patients admitted to 2 surgical intensive care units (SICUs) at a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea in 2010. This retrospective study used a large data set retrieved from the Clinical Data Repository System. Among 1432 patients, the mean grade of CPSCS was 4.9 out of 6, which indicated that the subjects had generally severe conditions. The CPSCS was a statistically significant predictor of ICU and hospital LOS and mortality when patients' demographic characteristics were adjusted. In the era of emphasis on using big data, analysis of nursing assessment data should be evaluated to show importance of nursing contribution to predict patients' clinical outcomes.
Relativistic quantum mechanics of one-dimensional mechanical continuum and subsidiary condition of dual resonance model

Relativistic quantum mechanics of a finite one-dimensional continuum is studied in the framework of Dirac's generalized Hamiltonian dynamics. It is shown that the wave equation and subsidiary conditions found by Virasoro in the dual resonance model are equivalent to relativistic quantum mechanics in our system. Interaction with external fields is also studied briefly.
STUDY REGARDING THE RELEVANCE OF THE INFORMATION DISCLOSED IN THE ROMANIAN FINANCIAL STATEMENT

This study is a comparative analysis regarding the relevant information for current and potential investors of Romania. The information required for this study was collected by applying a questionnaire to 186 investors, of which 42 are current investors and 144 are potential investors. The conclusions of this study revealed that there is not any significant difference between current and potential investors regarding the relevance of the information disclosed in the financial statements.
REDUCED BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY AND BLUNTED ENDOGENOUS NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS PRECEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN TGR(mREN2)27 RATS

Transgenic TGR(mREN2)27 (TGR) rats are an animal model of fulminant hypertension characterized by an inverse circadian blood pressure profile. The present study addressed the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and baroreflex function to hypertension and the inverse blood pressure pattern. NO synthesis was measured at four different times of day indirectly by excretion of NO metabolites (NOx: NO−2 and NO−3) in the urine of 5- and 11-week-old TGR and Sprague-Dawley (SPRD) controls. Blood pressure, heart rate, and motor activity were recorded in age-matched rats of both strains using an implantable telemetry system. Beat-to-beat recording of blood pressure and pulse interval was performed hourly in 6-week-old animals over 24h. From these data, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was calculated by linear regression of spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure and corresponding changes of pulse interval. Baroreflex sensitivity was lower in prehypertensive TGR rats than in SPRD rats, and the reduction was restricted to the daily resting period. In both strains, NOx excretion showed circadian rhythmicity, with peak values during the activity period at night. Interestingly, excretion of NOx was reduced during the resting period in 5-week-old TGR rats prior to the development of hypertension. Impairment of NO synthesis and baroreflex function precede the development of hypertension in TGR rats. The reduction of both parameters was restricted to the resting period and, therefore, could be involved in the development of the inverse circadian blood pressure profile of TGR rats. (Chronobiology International, 18(2), 215–226, 2001)
[Cerebellar atrophy and persistent cerebellar ataxia after acute intoxication of phenytoin].

Chronic intoxication of phenytoin (PHT) is a well known cause of cerebellar atrophy or irreversible cerebellar ataxia. Little attention, on the other hand, is paid for acute PHT intoxication because its clinical signs are believed to be reversible. We here report a patient with acute PHT intoxication, which resulted in irreversible cerebellar ataxia with radiologically definite cerebellar atrophy. A 39-year-old man admitted to our hospital because of cerebellar ataxia and confusional state. He had been treated with PHT for convulsive seizures after receiving craniotomy for left parietal brain abscess 9 years before. The concentration of his serum PHT had been 4 to 7 micrograms/ml because he had frequently omitted taking drug, and the dose of PHT had been increased to 600 mg/day one year before. He had admitted to another hospital 2 months before for left Bell's palsy and had been obliged to take drug regularly. Cerebellar signs and confusion had gradually developed for 7 weeks. On admission to our hospital, he was awake but in severe confusional state with slurred speech and nystagmus. His serum PHT was 86 micrograms/ml, which returned to therapeutic range 2 weeks after the discontinuation of PHT. His consciousness normalized and nystagmus disappeared. However, slurred speech continued and neurological examination revealed postural tremor and severe limb ataxia. During the subsequent 10 months, his cerebellar signs showed minimal improvement. Computed tomographies of his brain on 3rd and 5th month after the onset of his cerebellar dysfunction showed the definite cerebellar atrophy which had not been noted on the CTs 7 months before and 7 weeks after the onset. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Financial Regulation, Credit Risk and Financial Stability

In contrast to recent successful developments in macro monetary policies, the modelling, measurement and management of systemic financial stability has remained problematical. Indeed, the focus of most effort has been on improving individual, rather than systemic, bank risk management; the Basel II objective has been to bring regulatory bank capital into line with the (sophisticated) banks‘ assessment of their own economic capital. Even at the individual bank level there are concerns over (i) appropriate diversification allowances, (ii) differing objectives of banks and regulators, (iii) the need for a buffer over regulatory minima, and (iv) the distinction between expected and unexpected losses (EL and UL). At the systemic level the quite complex and prescriptive content of Basel II raises dangers of ‘endogenous risk’ and procyclicality. Simulations suggest that this latter could be a serious problem.
Clinical and Neuropsychological Comparisons of Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Frontotemporal Dementia: A CREDOS-FTD Study.

BACKGROUND Cognitive performance changes with chronological aging. Previous studies investigating clinical heterogeneity in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) according to the age of symptom onset did not consider the effect of chronological aging on cognition. OBJECTIVE We compared cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with early-onset (EO) and late-onset (LO) FTD with consideration of chronological aging effect. METHODS A total of 166 FTD patients were enrolled consecutively from multi-center memory clinics using a nationwide FTD register. To control for the effects of chronological aging on neuropsychological scores, seven hundred and two subjects with normal cognition were also enrolled and regression models were set up. Neuropsychological scores that were detrended with the regression models and the behavioral symptoms of the EO-FTD and LO-FTD groups were compared. Subgroup analyses were performed for three main subtypes of FTD, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD), and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA). RESULTS Among 166 FTD patients, there were 76 bvFTD, 57 SD, and 33 PNFA patients who met new diagnostic criteria for bvFTD or primary progressive aphasia, respectively. LO-FTD (48.2%) was more common than previously thought and the proportions of EO and LO groups differed across FTD subtypes. EO-FTD patients had lower memory and frontal/executive scores and more prominent frontal/behavioral symptoms than LO-FTD patients. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that FTD could be heterogeneous with respect the age of symptom onset. After controlling for the effects of chronological aging, EO-FTD patients exhibited more profound memory and frontal/executive dysfunction and more behavioral symptoms than LO-FTD patients.
Sjögren's syndrome. Proposed criteria for classification.

The term "Sjögren's syndrome" (SS) is frequently used to describe the occurrence of keratoconjunctivis sicca and xerostomia in association with an autoimmune disorder. However, well-defined criteria for the classification of SS have not been established, and this diagnosis is being applied to a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from clear "autoimmune" disease in some patients, to sicca complaints without evidence of a systemic immune process in elderly patients. Here, we review the clinical and laboratory features of patients referred for evaluation of sicca symptoms. In particular, we emphasize the need for care in choosing the site for minor salivary gland biopsy, and we describe the histologic features that aid in the evaluation of these biopsy specimens. In an attempt to identify a population of patients whose conditions might have a common etiopathogenesis and, thus, a common treatment program, we propose the following criteria for a diagnosis of SS: 1) objective evidence of keratoconjunctivis sicca, as documented by rose bengal or fluorescein dye staining; 2) objective evidence of diminished salivary gland flow; 3) minor salivary gland biopsy, obtained through normal mucosa, with the specimen containing at least 4 evaluable salivary gland lobules, and having an average of at least 2 foci/4 mm2; 4) evidence of a systemic autoimmune process, as manifested by the presence of autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor and/or antinuclear antibody. The diagnosis of "definite SS" would be made when all 4 criteria are met; the diagnosis of "possible SS" would be made when 3 criteria are present. Specific exclusions for this diagnosis are preexisting lymphoma, graft-versus-host disease, sarcoidosis, and acquired immunodeficiency disease. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mobility and housing satisfaction: an empirical analysis for 12 EU countries

Using panel data for twelve EU countries, we analyze the relationship between selfreported housing satisfaction and residential mobility. Our results indicate the existence of a positive link between the two variables and that housing satisfaction exerts a mediating effect between residential characteristics and dwellers' mobility propensities. Some interesting cross-country differences regarding the effect of other variables on mobility are also observed. Our results can be used in defining, implementing and evaluating housing and neighbourhood policies. Residential satisfaction is put forward as one of the most appropriate indicators of the success or failure of such policies. Keywords: Housing satisfaction, residential mobility JEL classification: R21, D19
Private Initiative and Public Responsibility for the Redevelopment of Industrial Brownfields: Three Baltimore Case Studies

This article examines three case studies of brownfield redevelopment in Baltimore, Maryland, to refine understanding of the boundary between privately and publicly initiated brownfield redevelopments. The cases range from Camden Crossing, a city- initiated project that promised to turn an abandoned and contaminated site into middle-income housing, to Crown Cork and Seal, a privately funded site reclaimed for industrial use. The cases suggest trade-offs between the following three conditions: (a) the strength of local market demand, (b) the level of contamination, and (c) new use. When market conditions are strong, contamination relatively minor, and land use is remaining industrial, the private sector is more likely to be the sole initiator and implementer of redevelopment. When a project calls for a transfer from contaminated industrial to residential use, faces weak market demand for the final project, and con- tends with a complicated cleanup, the greater is the required public subsidy.
De Facto Devolution and Urban Defunding: The Priority of Persons Over Places

Much attention has been focused on devolution of federal functions to states and localities; yet, little devolution is evident. Many forces are generating interest in devolution, but opposition remains potent. Meanwhile, a bipartisan process of de facto devolution involving a defunding of urban programs has been under way for two decades. De facto devolution has been driven predominantly by a shift in federal policy making from places to persons whereby the political incentives for federal officials now lie more in responding to the rights and interests of individuals than to the prerogatives and interests of state and local governments. This article, therefore, examines forces for and against devolution; the devolution records of Congress, the presidency, and the Supreme Court; de facto devolution in the context of federal emphases on persons; and implications for cities.
Dissolution of pulp tissue by aqueous solution of chlorhexidine digluconate and chlorhexidine digluconate gel.

AIM To evaluate the activity of various root canal irrigants on bovine pulp tissue. METHODOLOGY The irrigants tested were: 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; 2% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine digluconate; 2% chlorhexidine digluconate gel (Natrosol); and distilled water as control. Bovine pulp fragments were weighed and placed in contact with 20 mL of each tested substance in a centrifuge at 150 r.p.m. until total dissolution. Dissolution speed was calculated by dividing pulp weight by dissolution time. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Distilled water and both solutions of chlorhexidine did not dissolve the pulp tissue within 6 h. Mean dissolution speeds for 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solutions were 0.31, 0.43 and 0.55 mg min(-1), respectively. The solvent ability of chlorhexidine solutions was similar to that of distilled water. The results for sodium hypochlorite solutions, chlorhexidine solutions and distilled water were statistically different (P>0.01). CONCLUSIONS Both chlorhexidine preparations and distilled water were not able to dissolve pulp tissue. All sodium hypochlorite solutions were efficient in dissolving pulp tissue; the dissolution speed varied with the concentration of the solution.
Multi-Curve Framework with Collateral

This note is dedicated to the impact of collateral on the multi-curve framework. The pricing formulas in presence of collateral are described in a generic way encompassing several financial realities. The collateral cases covered include cash collateral, foreign currency collateral, collateral by assets (collateral square) and collateral with haircut. The change of collateral is also described, including the convexity adjustment required. The pricing of STIR futures in this framework is analysed in detail.