Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Before Toasters Rise Up: A View into the Emerging DoH Resolver's Deployment Risk

As an encryption protocol for DNS queries, DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) is becoming increasingly popular, and it mainly addresses the last-mile privacy protection problem. However, the security of DoH is in urgent need of measurement and analysis due to its reliance on certificates and upstream servers. In this paper, we focus on the DoH ecosystem and conduct a one-month measurement to analyze the current deployment of DoH resolvers. Our findings indicate that some of these resolvers use invalid certificates, which can compromise the security and privacy advantages of the protocol. Furthermore, we found that many providers are at risk of certificate outages, which could cause significant disruptions to the DoH ecosystem. Additionally, we observed that the centralization of DoH resolvers and upstream DNS servers is a potential issue that needs addressing to ensure the stability of the ecosystem.
Comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder in a highly endogamous population: which came first?

ABSTRACT Co-occurrence of bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and difficult comorbid condition to manage. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of comorbidity with OCD among BD patients in a highly endogamous population. A cohort study was carried out on 396 patients enrolled between November 2011 and October 2013. Patients were grouped in BD patients with OCD (BD-OCD) and BD patients without OCD, rated for mania and depression and scored for OCD morbidity. We found significant differences in level of education (p = 0.022), occupation status (p = 0.025), household income, (p = 0.049), cigarette smoking (p = 0.038), sheesha smoking (narghile, water pipe, hookah or hubble bubble smoking) (p = 0.007) and prevalence of consanguinity (p = 0.036) among these groups. Number of hospitalizations and Young Mania Rating Scale score were not different among BD patients with or without OCD, whereas there were significant differences in Ham-D score, Clinical Global Impression for bipolar disorder Score, duration of illnesses and Global Assessment of Functioning. Also, specific phobia, somatization, depression, mania, any mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and personality disorder were more common in BD than OCD–BD group. This study confirms that BD-OCD is a common comorbidity, largely under-recognized in clinical practice, which may significantly change BD presentation and outcome.
Domain Adaptation for Image Classification and Crowd Counting

We consider a problem of domain adaptation in image classification and crowd counting. Given a pre-trained model learned from a source domain, our goal is to adapt this model to a target domain using unlabeled data. The solution of this problem has a lot of potential applications in computer vision research that require a neural network model adapted to a target dataset. In this thesis, we propose two different approaches for domain adaptation. First, inspired by a source free domain adaptation, we propose a black-box model adaptation and distillation for image classification. The key challenge of this problem setting is that we do not have access to any internal information of the source model, including model architecture, model parameters, or even intermediate feature maps. We can only access the output of the source model, hence the source model is a “black-box” to us. Once the model is adapted to the target domain, we perform knowledge distillation to obtain a compact model for deployment. Second, we apply dynamic transfer for solving domain adaptation problems in crowd counting. The key insight is that adapting the model for the target domain is achieved by adapting the model across the data samples. The experimental results on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches.
Tailored Magnetic Springs for Shape-Memory Alloy Actuated Mechanisms in Miniature Robots

Animals can incorporate large numbers of actuators because of the characteristics of muscles; whereas, robots cannot, as typical motors tend to be large, heavy, and inefficient. However, shape-memory alloys (SMA), materials that contract during heating because of change in their crystal structure, provide another option. SMA, though, is unidirectional and therefore requires an additional force to reset (extend) the actuator, which is typically provided by springs or antagonistic actuation. These strategies, however, tend to limit the actuator's work output and functionality as their force–displacement relationships typically produce increasing resistive force with limited variability. In contrast, magnetic springs—composed of permanent magnets, where the interaction force between magnets mimics a spring force—have much more variable force–displacement relationships and scale well with SMA. However, as of yet, no method for designing magnetic springs for SMA-actuators has been demonstrated. Therefore, in this paper, we present a new methodology to tailor magnetic springs to the characteristics of these actuators, with experimental results both for the device and robot-integrated SMA-actuators. We found magnetic building blocks, based on sets of permanent magnets, which are well-suited to SMAs and have the potential to incorporate features such as holding force, state transitioning, friction minimization, auto-alignment, and self-mounting. We show magnetic springs that vary by more than 3 N in 750 $\mu$m and two SMA-actuated devices that allow the MultiMo-Bat to reach heights of up to 4.5 m without, and 3.6 m with, integrated gliding airfoils. Our results demonstrate the potential of this methodology to add previously impossible functionality to smart material actuators. We anticipate this methodology will inspire broader consideration of the use of magnetic springs in miniature robots and further study of the potential of tailored magnetic springs throughout mechanical systems.
Changes in Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice as a Microcosm of Global Climate Change

Polar sea ice is a key element of the climate system and has now been monitored through satellite observations for over three and a half decades. The satellite observations reveal considerable information about polar ice and its changes since the late 1970s, including a prominent downward trend in Arctic sea ice coverage and a much lesser upward trend in Antarctic sea ice coverage, illustrative of the important fact that climate change entails spatial contrasts. The decreasing ice coverage in the Arctic corresponds well with contemporaneous Arctic warming and exhibited particularly large decreases in the summers of 2007 and 2012, influenced by both preconditioning and atmospheric conditions. The increasing ice coverage in the Antarctic is not as readily explained, but spatial differences in the Antarctic trends suggest a possible connection with atmospheric circulation changes that have perhaps been influenced by the Antarctic ozone hole. The changes in the polar ice covers and the issues surrounding those changes have many commonalities with broader climate changes and their surrounding issues, allowing the sea ice changes to be viewed in some important ways as a microcosm of global climate change.
Optimizing convection‐permitting ensemble via selection of the coarse ensemble driving members

Nowadays, several global ensembles (GEs) which consist of several tens of members are being run operationally. In order to locally improve the probabilistic forecasts, various forecasting centers and research institutes utilize the GEs as initial and boundary conditions to drive regional convection permitting ensembles (RCPEs). RCPEs demand significant computer resources and often a limited number of ensemble members is affordable, which is smaller than the size of the driving GE. Since each RCPE member obtains the initial and boundary conditions from a specific GE member, there are many options to select the GE members. The study uses the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) GE consisting of 50 members, to drive 20 members of COSMO model RCPE over the Eastern Mediterranean. We compare various approaches for automatic selection of the GE members and propose several optimal methods, including a random selection, which consistently lead to a better performance of the driven RCPE. The comparison includes verification of near surface variables and precipitation using various verification metrics. The results are validated using several methods of model physics perturbation. Besides the selection of the optimal ensemble configurations, we show that at high precipitation intensities spatial up‐scaling is recommended in order to obtain useful probabilistic forecasts.
Bisperoxovanadium protects against spinal cord injury by regulating autophagy via activation of erK1/2 signaling

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease of the central nervous system with few restorative treatments. Autophagy has been regarded as a promising therapeutic target for SCI. The inhibitor of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) bisperoxovanadium (bpV[pic]) had been claimed to provide a neuroprotective effect on SCI; but the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Materials and methods: Acute SCI model were generated with SD Rats and were treated with control, acellular spinal cord scaffolds (ASC) obtained from normal rats, bpV(pic), and combined material of ASC and bpV(pic). We used BBB score to assess the motor function of the rats and the motor neurons were stained with Nissl staining. The expressions of the main autophagy markers LC3B, Beclin1 and P62, expressions of apoptosis makers Bax, Bcl2, PARP and Caspase 3 were detected with IF or Western Blot analysis. Results: The bpV(pic) showed significant improvement in functional recovery by activating autophagy and accompanied by decreased neuronal apoptosis; combined ASC with bpV(pic) enhanced these effects. In addition, after treatment with ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984, we revealed that bpV(pic) promotes autophagy and inhibits apoptosis through activating ERK1/2 signaling after SCI. Conclusion: These results illustrated that the bpV(pic) protects against SCI by regulating autophagy via activation of ERK1/2 signaling.
Towards a Transaction Cost Theory of Management Control

In this paper, I present and discuss a theory of management control based on Transaction Cost Economics. This theory specifies the composition of various archetypal control structures, and links these to their respective habitat. These are: (1) arm's length control; (2) machine control; (3) exploratory control; and (4) boundary control. The gist of the argument is that activities predictably differ in the control problems to which they give rise, whereas control archetypes differ in their problem-solving ability, and that alignments between the two can be explained by delineating the efficiency properties of the match. This approach has some interesting qualities. Its relatively simple theme seems to speak to a wide empirical domain, and can be used to make sense of a large set of different control practices. Furthermore, it offers a practicable way to address control structure effectiveness. Finally, the approach is empirically testable.
Geographic contrasts between pre- and postzygotic barriers are consistent with reinforcement in Heliconius butterflies.

Identifying the traits causing reproductive isolation and the order in which they evolve is fundamental to understanding speciation. Here, we quantify prezygotic and intrinsic postzygotic isolation between allopatric, parapatric and sympatric populations of the butterflies Heliconius elevatus and Heliconius pardalinus . Sympatric populations from the Amazon ( H. elevatus and H. p. butleri ) exhibit strong prezygotic isolation and rarely mate in captivity; however, hybrids are fertile. Allopatric populations from the Amazon ( H. p. butleri ) and Andes ( H. p. sergestus ) mate freely when brought together in captivity, but the female F1 hybrids are sterile. Parapatric populations ( H. elevatus and H. p. sergestus ) exhibit both assortative mating and sterility of female F1s. Assortative mating in sympatric populations is consistent with reinforcement in the face of gene flow, where the driving force, selection against hybrids, is due to disruption of mimicry and other ecological traits rather than hybrid sterility. In contrast, the lack of assortative mating and hybrid sterility observed in allopatric populations suggests that geographic isolation enables the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation. Our results show how the types of reproductive barriers that evolve between species may depend on geography.
The human cytoplasmic dynein interactome reveals novel activators of motility

In human cells, cytoplasmic dynein-1 is essential for long-distance transport of many cargos, including organelles, RNAs, proteins, and viruses, towards microtubule minus ends. To understand how a single motor achieves cargo specificity, we identified the human dynein interactome or “transportome” by attaching a promiscuous biotin ligase (“BioID”) to seven components of the dynein machinery, including a subunit of the essential cofactor dynactin. This method reported spatial information about the large cytosolic dynein/dynactin complex in living cells. To achieve maximal motile activity and to bind its cargos, human dynein/dynactin requires “activators”, of which only five have been described. We developed methods to identify new activators in our BioID data, and discovered that ninein and ninein-like are a new family of dynein activators. Analysis of the protein interactomes for six activators, including ninein and ninein-like, suggests that each dynein activator has multiple cargos.
Image segmentation and feature extraction method for lung lesion detection in computed tomography images

Lung cancer is a form of cancer that causes uncontrollable cell growth in the lungs. Patients with lung cancer frequently miss a treatment, face higher health care costs, and get the worst outcomes. The detection of the existence of lung cancer can be performed in a variety of ways, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radiography. Many researchers have developed ways of automating lung cancer diagnosis using image processing techniques because of the noise and low image quality between the cancer cells, the lung, and the background. This study develops an image processing technique that uses image segmentation algorithms to segment lung nodules in computed tomography images using feature extraction. In the initial phase, it is essential to establish a rigorous image processing framework with the following sequential steps: (i) object edge identification and (ii) lesion boundary recognition. The architecture includes image processing techniques, thresholding, and morphological detections (erosion and dilation). Lesions can have various sizes and shapes, both regular and irregular. The new method has been applied to find the lesions using their roundness size. In addition to learning purely from CT scans, the previously studied lesion characteristics are also integrated. Data was collected from the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. The manual segmentation was used image segmented in the MATLAB software function to remove the background of the images. The perimeter evaluates such as accuracy, recall, and F-score. Based on the analysis the performance of lung lesion segmentation of accuracy is 99.95, recall at 45.76%, and the F-score is 60.67%. For lung lesion detection, the results shows it consist of 3-5 slices with the value of roundness. Besides, lesion detection also have continuity for the roundness value. The experiment results found clear support for the next step of this research for classifications of lesions.
Comparison of printing techniques for the fabrication of flexible carbon nanotube-based ammonia chemiresistive gas sensors

Even though a plethora of printing technologies are currently available and their potential for the fabrication of low-cost and flexible sensors has been widely investigated, systematically based, and statistically sustained comparative studies are missing in the literature. In this work, we compare screen, inkjet, and dispense printing for the fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based ammonia (NH3) chemiresistive flexible gas sensors for the first time. Moreover, we report the first CNT-based gas sensor fabricated via Voltera printer. The devices were made of a thin layer of spray-coated CNTs and printed silver-based interdigitated electrodes. To draw a thoughtful comparison the same sensor layout, materials, and fabrication flow were used. The device morphological features were acquired through microscopic, atomic force microscope, and 3D images; additionally, the response to NH3 as well as the printing process characteristics for each technique was analyzed. From 300 µm nominal spacing between lines, we obtained a decrease of 25%, 13%, and 5% on the printed spacings with dispense, screen, and inkjet printing, respectively. At 100 ppm of NH3, a maximum response of 33%, 31%, and 27% with the dispense-, inkjet-, and screen-printed sensors were found, respectively. Statistical differences were observed between the mean values on the NH3 response of dispense- compared to the inkjet- and screen-printed sensors, which in effect showed the highest response in the Tukey test. This demonstrated that the fabrication technique employed can induce a different response mainly driven by the printed outcomes. Following a holistic approach that includes the sensor response, the application, the market perspective, and the process versatility, we suggest screen printing as the most suitable method for CNT-based NH3 gas sensor fabrication.
Targeted mutation detection in breast cancer using MammaSeq™

Background Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women worldwide. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the study of cancer across research labs around the globe, however genomic testing in clinical settings remain limited. Advances in sequencing reliability, pipeline analysis, accumulation of relevant data, and the reduction of costs are rapidly increasing the feasibility of NGS-based clinical decision making. Methods We report the development of MammaSeq, a breast cancer specific NGS panel, targeting 79 genes and 1369 mutations, optimized for use in primary and metastatic breast cancer. To validate the panel, 46 solid tumor and 14 plasma circulating-free cfDNA samples were sequenced to a mean depth of 2311X and 1820 X respectively. Variants were called using Ion Torrent Suite 4.0 and annotated with cravat CHASM. CNVKit was used to call copy number variants in the solid tumor cohort. The oncoKB Precision Oncology Database was used to identify clinically actionable variants. ddPCR was used to validate select cfDNA mutations. Results In cohorts of 46 solid tumors and 14 cfDNA samples from patients with advanced breast cancer we identified 592 and 43 protein coding mutations. Mutations per sample in the solid tumor cohort ranged from 1 to 128 (median 3) and the cfDNA cohort ranged from 0 to 26 (median 2.5). Copy number analysis in the solid tumor cohort identified 46 amplifications and 35 deletions. We identified 26 clinically actionable variants (levels 1-3) annotated by OncoKB, distributed across 20 out of 46 cases (40%), in the solid tumor cohort. Allele frequencies of ESR1 and FOXA1 mutations correlated with CA.27. 29 levels in patient matched blood draws. Conclusions In solid tumors biopsies and cfDNA, MammaSeq detects clinicaly actionable mutations (oncoKB levels 1-3) in 22/46 (48%) solid tumors and in 4/14 (29%) of cfDNA samples. MammaSeq is a targeted panel suitable for clinically actionable mutation detection in breast cancer.
Embracing complexity: taking the messiness in simulation‐based training one step further

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Functional Composites and Structures

Improving adhesion at the metal–polymer interface is a critical issue for metal–polymer sandwich composites. Herein, we report an efficient way to increase the adhesion via grafted organic layers. A redox activation process was used to graft organic layers to steel surfaces using 4-paranitrobenezenediazonium (NBD) salt and L-ascorbic acid (LAA). Successful formation of a grafted organic layer was confirmed by microstructural analysis and its performance as an adhesion primer was evaluated by the single-lap shear test under various temperature and wet conditions. The introduction of NBD-induced layers grafted to various steel surfaces provided more than a 100% increase in adhesion between the polymer and the steel surface due to the interaction between the polymer chains of the substrate polymer and the organic layer covalently grafted to the metal surface. Finally, exposure of the steel and polymer composites to hot water demonstrated that the grafted adhesion primer enhanced the durability of the steel and polymer interface under harsh conditions. PAPER 2019 RECEIVED 21 May 2019
Standardiserat elfiske i vattendrag

Denna rapport utgor bade en vagledning for standardiserat elfiske i vattendrag och en allman oversikt om elfiske som provfiskemetod. Vagledningen ar utformad enligt de riktlinjer for standardiserat elfiske som Sotvattenslaboratoriet, institutionen for akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, har tagit fram for elfiske inom nationella miljoovervakningsprogram. Syftet ar att rapporten skall kunna anvandas bade som en manual med praktiska rad och som ett allmant uppslagsverk for elfiske. Den skall utgora ett grunddokument for elfiskeverksamheten i Sverige och aven for utbildning i elfiske. I rapporten presenteras information om det mesta som ror elfiske som provfiskemetod; till exempel bestammelser som ror tillstand for elfiske och djuretiska aspekter vid praktiskt elfiske, men ocksa information om olika typer av elektrisk strom och grundlaggande stromlara. I rapporten beskrivs fiskens reaktion pa elektrisk strom, faktorer som paverkar fangsteffektivitet och risken for skador pa fisken. Vidare behandlas olika typer av elfiskeutrustning, planering och praktiskt utforande av elfiske, standardiserat elfiske, faltrapportering, bearbetning och utvardering av elfiskedata. Dessutom ges information om olycksrisker, elsakerhet och skyddsinstruktion for elfiske.