Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopically Assisted Total Gastrectomy with Sentinel Node Biopsy for Early Gastric Cancer: Preliminary Results

This study sought to describe a procedure involving laparoscopically assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) with sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and to evaluate the results of the first three patients. LATG for early gastric cancer was performed with sentinel node (SN) identification using a combined patent blue-violet dye and 99mtechnetium-labeled tin colloid technique. Laparoscopically resected SNs were processed for frozen section examination by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical cytokeratin (IHC-CK) stains. LATG consists of a four-surgical port technique, removal of the specimen through a small 5-cm laparotomy, and stapled Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. Five patients were candidates for LATG with SNB between March 2001 and June 2003; two had open surgery because of a tumor extending the serosal surface and peritoneal dissemination, whereas in the remaining three, SNs were successfully identified and evaluated with no evidence of sentinel node (micro) metastases intraoperatively. Based on the results of SNB, three patients underwent LATG with adequate lymphadenectomy. Mean operative time and blood loss were 375 min and 219 mL, respectively. No dissected lymph nodes had evidence of metastasis by H&E and IHC-CK on permanent sections. LATG with SNB followed by adequate lymphadenectomy is technically feasible, and with its acceptable operative time and blood loss, presents an excellent therapeutic option for early gastric cancer; while SNB and subsequent frozen section analysis by H&E and IHC-CK staining is a rapid and reliable diagnostic method for intraoperative detection of SN (micro) metastasis. This combination treatment is a promising alternative to laparoscopic gastrectomy with conventional lymphadenectomy.
Link between orientation and retinotopic maps in primary visual cortex

Maps representing the preference of neurons for the location and orientation of a stimulus on the visual field are a hallmark of primary visual cortex. It is not yet known how these maps develop and what function they play in visual processing. One hypothesis postulates that orientation maps are initially seeded by the spatial interference of ON- and OFF-center retinal receptive field mosaics. Here we show that such a mechanism predicts a link between the layout of orientation preferences around singularities of different signs and the cardinal axes of the retinotopic map. Moreover, we confirm the predicted relationship holds in tree shrew primary visual cortex. These findings provide additional support for the notion that spatially structured input from the retina may provide a blueprint for the early development of cortical maps and receptive fields. More broadly, it raises the possibility that spatially structured input from the periphery may shape the organization of primary sensory cortex of other modalities as well.
Weekly Clearances of Urea and Creatinine on CAPD and NIPD

Weekly creatinine clearance (Ccr) and weekly Curea/ v (kt/v) are popular indices for quantitating the amount of peritoneal dialysis provided. Studies were undertaken on 44 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 10 patients on nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD) to compare relationships of weekly creatinine clearance to weekly urea clearance (Curea) divided by total body water (v). With a long cycle therapy such as CAPD, the ratio of weekly Ccr to weekly kt/v is higher than with a short cycle technique, such as NIPD, in the same patient. If patients are shifted from CAPD to NIPD maintaining the same weekly kt/v, the weekly Ccr will decrease. If patients are shifted from CAPD to NIPD maintaining the same weekly Ccr, then the weekly kt/v will increase. The clinical implications of these observations are unknown, but should be kept in mind for future studies comparing CAPD and NIPD.
Expertise in Sport: A Cognitive-Developmental Approach

E xpertise in sport can be viewed, albeit in a simplistic manner, as the achievement of superior levels of performance within any given athletic event. Expert sport performers are widely known as “champions,” and within other domains, this concept is analogous, for example, to the “master” chess player, the academic “genius,” or the “grandmaster” in martial arts. Sport expertise is much more than simply having an understanding of how to perform the required motor tasks of a sporting event. Rather, the expert must demonstrate the ability to perform at the highest levels possible with consistency. Sport is unique in a sense because competition serves as a litmus test to differentiate between expert and novice performers, andwithin these competitions, outcomemeasures are often standardized and objective (e.g., the race results of a 100-meter dash). As a result, sport can be a very useful template on which to examine the mechanisms that lead to expertise. This review will attempt to use this concept of expertise in sport, and consider some cognitive-developmental mechanisms that can contribute to its development. The attainment of expertise in sport can be attributed to a wide variety of factors. In many cases, the underlying causes of athletic excellence are limited by various constraints, such as the physical demands of the task, the skill-level of the opponent, or the conditions of the playing environment. While these external forces do play a legitimate role in expert performance, they are largely out of the control of the individual athlete and exist primarily as factors that must be overcome in order to achieve success. Because of this, a more fruitful approach to examining the processes necessary for expert achieve-
Molecular Electronic Devices based on Carotenoid Derivatives

The production of devices in nanoscale with specific molecular rectifying function is one of the most significant goals in state-of-art technology. In this work we show by ab initio quantum mechanics calculations coupled with non-equilibrium Green function, the design of an organic two-terminal device. These molecular structures have molecular source and drain with several bridge length (from five up to 11 double bonds). Our results are consistent with significant features as a molecular rectifier and can be raised up as: (a) it can be used as bi-directional symmetrical rectifier; (b) two devices integrated in one (FET with one operational region, and Thyristor thiristor); (c) Inherent stability due small intrinsic capacitance under forward/reverse bias. We utilize a scheme for the transport mechanism based on previous properties of π bonds type that can be successfully utilized to construct organic nanodevices. Keywords—ab initio, Carotenoid, Charge Transfer, Nanodevice
A distance-limited sample of massive star-forming cores from the RMS survey

We analyse C18O (J = 3-2) data from a sample of 99 infrared (IR)-bright massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) and compact H II regions that were identified as potential molecular-outflow sources in the Red MSX Source survey. We extract a distance-limited (D < 6 kpc) sample shown to be representative of star formation covering the transition between the source types. At the spatial resolution probed, Larson-like relationships are found for these cores, though the alternative explanation, that Larson's relations arise where surface-density-limited samples are considered, is also consistent with our data. There are no significant differences found between source properties for the MYSOs and H II regions, suggesting that the core properties are established prior to the formation of massive stars, which subsequently have little impact at the later evolutionary stages investigated. There is a strong correlation between dust-continuum and C18O-gas masses, supporting the interpretation that both trace the same material in these IR-bright sources. A clear linear relationship is seen between the independently established core masses and luminosities. The position of MYSOs and compact H II regions in the mass-luminosity plane is consistent with the luminosity expected from the most massive protostar in the cluster when using an ˜40 per cent star formation efficiency and indicates that they are at a similar evolutionary stage, near the end of the accretion phase.
Exact solution of bond percolation on small arbitrary graphs

We introduce a set of iterative equations that exactly solves the size distribution of components on small arbitrary graphs after the random removal of edges. We also demonstrate how these equations can be used to predict the distribution of the node partitions (i.e., the constrained distribution of the size of each component) in undirected graphs. Besides opening the way to the theoretical prediction of percolation on arbitrary graphs of large but finite size, we show how our results find application in graph theory, epidemiology, percolation and fragmentation theory.
Psychological Skills: Stringent Factors in Understanding Learning Abilities of Mathematics Learners

Learning of mathematics is considered to be a daunting task to some learners and had, on various occasions been found to be persistently complaining about its abstraction in geometry, trigonometry and statistics etc. In view of this, the paper offers some psychological skills, which if applied by a classroom teacher would enhance the rate at which the learner at whatever level would be made to learn mathematics in an easiest way possible. Some of the qualities suggested by the paper to be possessed by the teacher to enable him carry out the teaching effectively included, level of educational attainment, and mastery of the subject matter, ability to deliver while in the classroom, teachers’ social disposition and temperament among others. The paper, at the end recommended among other things that Mathematics teachers should, on regular basis embark on rigorous academic training to enable them possess the required psychological knowledge and skills that will be sufficient enough to make them handle their learners effectively.
MAN'S SENSES AS INFORMATIONAL CHANNELS,

Abstract : The sum and substance of man's experience is mediated by his senses. Too often the fact is ignored that other senses besides those of vision and hearing provide important ancillary sources of information. There is a strong tendency, especially in many military and industrial applications, to overload one of the senses whether through expediency or the general compounding of complexity. This review attempts to survey in a general fashion what is known about man's ability to make use of his sensory capacities for the gathering of information. Where possible, comparisons between different sense modalities are made and the problem of sensory interactions is discussed. Some suggestions are offered relative to the possible unburdening of men in complex environments by the judicious use of some of the subordinate sensory channels. (Author) (Expanded version of TG-264, issued in March 1956 as 'Comparison and interaction among sensory input channels,' which formed chapter 4 of the 'Joint services human engineering guide to equipment design').
Research on Optimization, Dynamics and Stability of Stair- climbing Wheelchair

Since the invention of the wheel, man has always sought to reduce effort to get things done easily. Ultimately, it has resulted in the invention of the Robot, an Engineering Marvel. Up until now, the major factor that hampers widespread usage of robots is locomotion and maneuverability. They are not fit enough to conform even to the most commonplace terrain such as stairs. To overcome this, we are proposing a stair climbing wheelchair robot that looks a lot like a normal wheelchair but with additional stair-climbing functionality to adjust itself according to the height of the step The primarily goal of the prescribed manuscript herewith is to analyze the functional requirements, optimization methods, dynamics and stability during a tracked robotic wheelchair’s climbing of stairs mechanism. At first, the mechanical structure of the wheelchair is designed and the hardware composition of its full control system is devised. Secondly, based on the analysis of its stairs‐climbing process, the dynamical model of stairs‐climbing is established by using the classical mechanics method. Next, through simulation and experiments, the effectiveness of the dynamical model, its stability evaluation and performance parameters is verified. Such procedures will help in establishing a strong fundamental foundation steps to design and develop a standalone semi-autonomous wheelchair that will help and enable a physically challenged person by leg to climb difficult terrains like staircase and speed-breakers with ease and comfort. This design encompasses Renesas’s Arduino compatible GR-KAEDE boards, servo motors, high torque DC motors and various peripheral devices as incorporated in design diagram. We have also extended the application of wheelchair by integrating collision avoidance mechanism.
Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity Penguin London

A filter cloth for a leaf filter of a pressure vessel including a flat retaining sack or bag which encloses the leaf filter. An outlet opening is contained in the sack through which the filtered product can be extracted. A releasable closure device is provided along the greater part of one side edge of the sack to permit removal of the sack from the leaf filter for cleaning and replacement thereof. A reinforcing material is provided at the outlet opening to provide a tight seal about the outlet of the leaf filter. Preferably, the sack is substantially circular but may have any configuration conforming to the shape of the leaf filter.
Evaluation of a 3 D local multi-resolution algorithm for the correction of partial volume effects in positron emission tomography

Purpose Partial volume effects (PVE) are consequences of the limited spatial resolution in emission tomography leading to under-estimation of uptake in tissues of size similar to the point spread function (PSF) of the scanner as well as activity spillover between adjacent structures. Among PVE correction methodologies, a voxel-wise mutual multi-resolution analysis (MMA) was recently introduced. MMA is based on the extraction and transformation of high resolution details from an anatomical image (MR/CT) and their subsequent incorporation into a low resolution PET image using wavelet decompositions. Although this method allows creating PVE corrected images, it is based on a 2D global correlation model which may introduce artefacts in regions where no significant correlation exists between anatomical and functional details.
Perseus: An Interactive Large-Scale Graph Mining and Visualization Tool

Given a large graph with several millions or billions of nodes and edges, such as a social network, how can we explore it efficiently and find out what is in the data? In this demo we present Perseus, a large-scale system that enables the comprehensive analysis of large graphs by supporting the coupled summarization of graph properties and structures, guiding attention to outliers, and allowing the user to interactively explore normal and anomalous node behaviors. Specifically, Perseus provides for the following operations: 1) It automatically extracts graph invariants (e.g., degree, PageRank, real eigenvectors) by performing scalable, offline batch processing on Hadoop; 2) It interactively visualizes univariate and bivariate distributions for those invariants; 3) It summarizes the properties of the nodes that the user selects; 4) It efficiently visualizes the induced subgraph of a selected node and its neighbors, by incrementally revealing its neighbors. In our demonstration, we invite the audience to interact with Perseus to explore a variety of multi-million-edge social networks including a Wikipedia vote network, a friendship/foeship network in Slashdot, and a trust network based on the consumer review website Epinions.com.
Age and individual differences in attentional control : a behavioral study

L'etude a vise a evaluer conjointement l'effet des differences d'âge et des differences individuelles dans la capacite de memoire de travail, sur la performance dans des tâches duelles, des tâches de memoire a court et long terme et dans une tâche de resistance a l'interference. Un plan en groupes extremes a ete adopte, distinguant quatre groupes de participants sur la base de l'âge (jeunes, âges) et de la capacite de memoire de travail (empan eleve, faible). Les resultats montrent une diminution effective des performances avec l'âge, mais suggerent que les performances des âges ne sont pas systematiquement plus pejorees que celles des jeunes lorsque la complexite de la tâche augmente. Les resultats montrent egalement qu'a capacite de memoire de travail comparable, des differences d'âge subsistent en particulier dans des epreuves de moindre complexite. Une interpretation est proposee en terme de saturation cognitive.
Can Graphics Processing Units be Used to Improve Video Processing Systems?

A combination of higher definition video and transform complexity commands a continued improvement in performance from video processing systems. Consumer demand for even better video quality in the future will further negotiate an increase in computation complexity and video resolution. FPGAs are currently used to implement video processing transforms and can provide a throughput rate that meets the high resolution dictated by current video standards. The FPGA's high performance is achieved through exploiting temporal and spatial parallelism, bit width optimisation, efficient data handling and flexible memory access patterns. Architectural improvements such as the addition of embedded memory blocks and multipliers have further improved the processing capability of modern FPGAs. The goal of this work is to analyse graphics processing units and contrast their benefit with architectural features of the FPGA.
NetEdit: A Collaborative Editor

We present a collaborative text editor named NetEdit. NetEdit uses a replicated architecture with processing and data distributed across all clients. Due to replication, the response time for local edits is quite close to that of a single-user editor. Clients do not need explicit awareness of other clients since all communication is coordinated by a central server. As a result, NetEdit is quite scalable (linear growth relative to purely distributed systems (quadratic growth) in terms of number of communication paths required as the number of clients grow. NetEdit uses an n-way synchronization algorithm derived from the synchronization protocol of the Jupiter collaboration system. Along with describing the editor, its architecture and its synchronization algorithm, we present the results of a usability study that evaluated the collaboration awareness tools included in NetEdit.
Understanding and Improving Local Exploration for GBFS

Greedy Best First Search (GBFS) is a powerful algorithm at the heart of many state-of-the-art satisficing planners. The Greedy Best First Search with Local Search (GBFS-LS) algorithm adds exploration using a local GBFS to a global GBFS. This substantially improves performancefor domains that contain large uninformative heuristic regions (UHR), such as plateaus or local minima. This paper analyzes, quantifies and improves the performance of GBFS-LS.Planning problems with a mix of small and large UHRs are shown to be hard for GBFS but easy for GBFS-LS. In three standard IPC planning instances analyzed in detail, adding exploration using local GBFS gives more than three orders of magnitude speedup. As a second contribution, the detailed analysis leads to an improvedGBFS-LS algorithm, which replaces larger-scale local GBFS explorations with a greater number of smaller explorations.
Leontief Exchange Markets Can Solve Multivariate Polynomial Equations, Yielding FIXP and ETR Hardness

We show FIXP-hardness of computing equilibria in Arrow-Debreu exchange markets under Leontief utility functions, and Arrow-Debreu markets under linear utility functions and Leontief production sets, thereby settling these open questions (Vazirani and Yannakakis, 2009). As corollaries, we obtain FIXP-hardness for piecewise-linear concave (PLC) utilities and for Arrow-Debreu markets under linear utility functions and polyhedral production sets. In all cases, as required under FIXP, the set of instances mapped onto will admit equilibria, i.e., will be "yes" instances. If all instances are under consideration, then in all cases we prove that the problem of deciding if a given instance admits an equilibrium is ETR-complete, where ETR is the class Existential Theory of Reals. As a consequence of the results stated above, and the fact that membership in FIXP has been established for PLC utilities, the entire computational difficulty of Arrow-Debreu markets under PLC utility functions lies in the Leontief utility subcase. This is perhaps the most unexpected aspect of our result, since Leontief utilities are meant for the case that goods are perfect complements, whereas PLC utilities are very general, capturing not only the cases when goods are complements and substitutes, but also arbitrary combinations of these and much more. The main technical part of our result is the following reduction: Given a set 'S' of simultaneous multivariate polynomial equations in which the variables are constrained to be in a closed bounded region in the positive orthant, we construct a Leontief exchange market 'M' which has one good corresponding to each variable in 'S'. We prove that the equilibria of 'M', when projected onto prices of these latter goods, are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of solutions of the polynomials. This reduction is related to a classic result of Sonnenschein (1972-73).
Three-dimensional current flow in a large-scale model of the cochlea and the mechanism of amplification of sound

The mammalian inner ear uses its sensory hair cells to detect and amplify incoming sound. It is unclear whether cochlear amplification arises uniquely from a voltage-dependent mechanism (electromotility) associated with outer hair cells (OHCs) or whether other mechanisms are necessary, for the voltage response of OHCs is apparently attenuated excessively by the membrane electrical filter. The cochlea contains many thousands of hair cells organized in extensive arrays, embedded in an electrically coupled system of supporting cells. We have therefore constructed a multi-element, large-scale computational model of cochlear sound transduction to study the underlying potassium (K+) recirculation. We have included experimentally determined parameters of cochlear macromechanics, which govern sound transduction, and data on hair cells' electrical parameters including tonotopical variation in the membrane conductance of OHCs. In agreement with the experiment, the model predicts an exponential decay of extracellular longitudinal K+ current spread. In contrast to the predictions from isolated cells, it also predicts low attenuation of the OHC transmembrane receptor potential (−5 dB per decade) in the 0.2–30 kHz range. This suggests that OHC electromotility could be driven by the transmembrane potential. Furthermore, the OHC electromotility could serve as a single amplification mechanism over the entire hearing range.
Higher-order spectral analysis of human motion

We describe a higher-order spectral analysis-based approach for detecting people by recognizing human motion such as walking or running. The periodic attribute of human motion lends itself to efficient spectral inspection. In the proposed method, the stride length is determined in every frame as the image sequence evolves. The bispectrum which is the Fourier transform of the triple correlation is a robust indicator of presence of periodicity. Triple correlation is robust as it is immune to any symmetrically distributed noise. The method is successfully tested on real video sequences.