Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symplectic and Poisson structures of certain moduli spaces. II. Projective representations of cocompact discrete planar groups

Let $G$ be a Lie group with a biinvariant metric, not necessarily positive definite. It is shown that a certain construction carried out in an earlier paper for the fundamental group of a closed surface may be extended to an arbitrary infinite orientation preserving cocompact planar discrete group of euclidean or non-euclidean motions $\pi$ and yields (i) a symplectic structure on a certain smooth manifold $\Cal M$ containing the space $\roman{Hom}(\pi,G)$ of homomorphisms and, furthermore, (ii) a hamiltonian $G$-action on $\Cal M$ preserving the symplectic structure together with a momentum mapping in such a way that the reduced space equals the space $\roman{Rep}(\pi,G)$ of representations. More generally, the construction also applies to certain spaces of projective representations. For $G$ compact, the resulting spaces of representations inherit structures of {\it stratified symplectic space\/} in such a way that the strata have finite symplectic volume . For example, {\smc Mehta-Seshadri} moduli spaces of semistable holomorphic parabolic bundles with rational weights or spaces closely related to them arise in this way by {\it symplectic reduction in finite dimensions\/}.
Transverse Kähler geometry of Sasaki manifolds and toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds

In this paper we study compact Sasaki manifolds in view of transverse K\"ahler geometry and extend some results in K\"ahler geometry to Sasaki manifolds. In particular we define integral invariants which obstruct the existence of transverse K\"ahler metric with harmonic Chern forms. The integral invariant $f_1$ for the first Chern class case becomes an obstruction to the existence of transverse K\"ahler metric of constant scalar curvature. We prove the existence of transverse K\"ahler-Ricci solitons (or {\it Sasaki-Ricci soliton}) on compact toric Sasaki manifolds whose basic first Chern form of the normal bundle of the Reeb foliation is positive and the first Chern class of the contact bundle is trivial. We will further show that if $S$ is a compact toric Sasaki manifold with the above assumption then by deforming the Reeb field we get a Sasaki-Einstein structure on $S$. As an application we obtain irregular toric Sasaki-Einstein metrics on the unit circle bundles of the powers of the canonical bundle of the two-point blow-up of the complex projective plane.
Contextual socioeconomic determinants of tooth loss in adults and elderly: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review regarding studies that investigated the association between contextual socioeconomic factors and tooth loss. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases were searched and no language or date restrictions were applied for this research. The search was also carried out at the Brazilian Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), with the objective of seeking unpublished studies. We evaluated the bibliographical and methodological characteristics of the studies, as well as the findings. RESULTS We found 348 articles, out of which only 6 were included in this study after revision by 2 independent researchers. We also identified an unpublished thesis. In general, these results show that the socioeconomic context interferes in tooth loss. We found an association between the highest number of missing teeth with less favorable contextual variables, despite the weak evidence, due to the fact that all selected studies had a cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION We suggest the standardization of outcome formats and exposures in order to favor the comparison between studies and their quantitative analysis.
An Improved Method to Select Candidates on Metric Index VP-tree

On multimedia databases, in order to realize the fast access method, indexing methods for the multi- -dimension data space are used. However, since it is a premise to use the Euclid distance as the distance measure, this method lacks in flexibility. On the other hand, there are metric indexing methods which require only to satisfy distance axiom. Since metric indexing methods can also apply for distance measures other than the Euclid distance, these methods have high flexibility. This paper proposes an improved method of VP-tree which is one of the metric indexing methods. VP-tree follows the node which suits the search range from a route node at searching. And distances between a query and all objects linked from the leaf node which finally arrived are computed, and it investigates whether each object is contained in the search range. However, search speed will become slow if the number of distance calculations in a leaf node increases. Therefore, we paid attention to the candidates selection method using the triangular inequality in a leaf node. As the improved methods, we propose a method to use the nearest neighbor object point for the query as the datum point of the triangular inequality. It becomes possible to make the search range smaller and to cut down the number of times of distance calculation by these improved methods. From evaluation experiments using 10,000 image data, it was found that our proposed method could cut 5%~12% of search time of the traditional method.
CORRIGENDUM: A uniform approximation for the fidelity in chaotic systems

In quantum/wave systems with chaotic classical analogues, wavefunctions evolve in highly complex, yet deterministic ways. A slight perturbation of the system, though, will cause the evolution to diverge from its original behaviour increasingly with time. This divergence can be measured by the fidelity, which is defined as the squared overlap of the two time evolved states. For chaotic systems, two main decay regimes of either Gaussian or exponential behaviour have been identified depending on the strength of the perturbation. For perturbation strengths intermediate between the two regimes, the fidelity displays both forms of decay. By applying a complementary combination of random matrix and semiclassical theory, a uniform approximation can be derived that covers the full range of perturbation strengths. The time dependence is entirely fixed by the density of states and the so-called transition parameter, which can be related to the phase space volume of the system and the classical action diffusion constant, respectively. The accuracy of the approximations is illustrated with the standard map.
Adaptation to Sun and Shade: a Whole-Plant Perspective

Whole-plant energy capture depends not only on the photosynthetic response of individual leaves, but also on their integration into an effective canopy, and on the costs of producing and maintaining their photosynthetic capacity. This paper explores adaptation to irradiance level in this context, focusing on traits whose significance would be elusive if considered in terms of their impact at the leaf level alone. I review traditional approaches used to demonstrate or suggest adaptation to irradiance level, and outline three energetic tradeoffs likely to shape such adaptation, involving the economics of gas exchange, support, and biotic interactions. Recent models using these tradeoffs to account for trends in leaf nitrogen content, stornatal conductance, phyllotaxis, and defensive allocations in sun v. shade are evaluated. A re-evaluation of the classic study of acclimation of the photosynthetic light response in Atriplex, crucial to interpreting adaptation to irradiance in many traits, shows that it does not completely support the central dogma of adaptation to sun v. shade unless the results are analysed in terms of whole-plant energy capture. Calculations for Liriodendron show that the traditional light compensation point has little meaning for net carbon gain, and that the effective compensation point is profoundly influenced by the costs of night leaf respiration, leaf construction, and the construction of associated support and root tissue. The costs of support tissue are especially important, raising the effective compensation point by 140 pmol m- s - ' in trees 1 m tall, and by nearly 1350 pmol m - s - ' in trees 30 m tall. Effective compensation points give maximum tree heights as a function of irradiance, and shade tolerance as a function of tree height; calculations of maximum permissible height in Liriodendron correspond roughly with the height of the tallest known individual. Finally, new models for the evolution of canopy width/height ratio in response to irradiance and coverage within a tree stratum, and for the evolution of mottled leaves as a defensive measure in understory herbs, are outlined.
Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Diabetic Kidney

Few studies address alteration of sexual function in women with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Quality of life surveys suggest that discussion of sexual function and other reproductive issues are of psychosocial assessment and that education on sexual function in the setting of chronic diseases such as diabetes and CKD is widely needed. Pharmacologic therapy with estrogen/progesterone and androgens along with glycemic control, correction of anemia, ensuring adequate dialysis delivery, and treatment of underlying depression are important. Changes in lifestyle such as smoking cessation, strength training, and aerobic exercises may decrease depression, enhance body image, and have positive impacts on sexuality. Many hormonal abnormalities which occur in women with diabetes and CKD who suffer from chronic anovulation and lack of progesterone secretion may be treated with oral progesterone at the end of each menstrual cycle to restore menstrual cycles. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the most common sexual problem reported by women with diabetes and CKD. Sexual function can be assessed in women, using the 9-item Female Sexual Function Index, questionnaire, or 19 items. It is important for nephrologists and physicians to incorporate assessment of sexual function into the routine evaluation protocols.
Modeling of enhanced 1/ƒ noise in TFT with trap charges

We have investigates influence of existing trap states of TFT on device characteristics with use of the compact model HiSIM-TFT. Special focus is given on the 1/ƒ noise characteristics, where it is found the Vgs dependence of the 1/ƒ noise characteristics is very sensitive to the trap density distributions. We have successfully extracted high density of the shallow trap states with the measured 1/ƒ noise characteristics.
CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY – STRUCTURED LIGHT APPROACH FOR MACHINE VISION AIDED HARVESTING

The following paper describes a novel data acquisition system for machine vision aided harvesting, which can also be used to provide data for various different applications. The system consists of two cameras and a projector. The basis for the operation is to project a pattern of structured light onto a target. By synchronous operation of the projector and the cameras, a dataset of imaged patterns can be produced. These images are formed of feature points, which can be used as input data for known photogrammetric measurement algorithms. (Luhman, 2006) As an arbitrary pattern can be projected, imaged and extracted from the background, the use of automatic feature point search is made feasible. The system is designed to work under challenging Finnish forestry conditions and is able to detect the projected pattern even in bright ambient sunlight by using spectral filtering and pulsed operation. In ideal conditions, this can be compared to using a flashlight in a dark corridor, offering the user a total control over the lighting.
Age differences in virtual environment and real world path integration

Accurate path integration (PI) requires the integration of visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular self-motion cues and age effects associated with alterations in processing information from these systems may contribute to declines in PI abilities. The present study investigated age-related differences in PI in conditions that varied as a function of available sources of sensory information. Twenty-two healthy, young (23.8 ± 3.0 years) and 16 older (70.1 ± 6.4 years) adults participated in distance reproduction and triangle completion tasks (TCTs) performed in a virtual environment (VE) and two “real world” conditions: guided walking and wheelchair propulsion. For walking and wheelchair propulsion conditions, participants wore a blindfold and wore noise-blocking headphones and were guided through the workspace by the experimenter. For the VE condition, participants viewed self-motion information on a computer monitor and used a joystick to navigate through the environment. For TCTs, older compared to younger individuals showed greater errors in rotation estimations performed in the wheelchair condition, and for rotation and distance estimations in the VE condition. Distance reproduction tasks (DRTs), in contrast, did not show any age effects. These findings demonstrate that age differences in PI vary as a function of the available sources of information and by the complexity of outbound pathway.
Genome-Wide Association Study for Femoral Neck Bone Geometry

Poor femoral neck bone geometry at the femur is an important risk factor for hip fracture. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of femoral neck bone geometry, examining approximately 379,000 eligible single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1000 Caucasians. A common genetic variant, rs7430431 in the receptor transporting protein 3 (RTP3) gene, was identified in strong association with the buckling ratio (BR, P = 1.6 × 10−7), an index of bone structural instability, and with femoral cortical thickness (CT, P = 1.9 × 10−6). The RTP3 gene is located in 3p21.31, a region that we found to be linked with CT (LOD = 2.19, P = 6.0 × 10−4) in 3998 individuals from 434 pedigrees. The replication analyses in 1488 independent Caucasians and 2118 Chinese confirmed the association of rs7430431 to BR and CT (combined P = 7.0 × 10−3 for BR and P = 1.4 × 10−2 for CT). In addition, 350 hip fracture patients and 350 healthy control individuals were genotyped to assess the association of the RTP3 gene with the risk of hip fracture. Significant association between a nearby common SNP, rs10514713 of the RTP3 gene, and hip fracture (P = 1.0 × 10−3) was found. Our observations suggest that RTP3 may be a novel candidate gene for femoral neck bone geometry. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Towards Less Biased Web Search

Web search engines now serve as essential assistant to help users make decisions in different aspects. Delivering correct and impartial information is a crucial functionality for search engines as any false information may lead to unwise decision and thus undesirable consequences. Unfortunately, a recent study revealed that Web search engines tend to provide biased information with most results supporting users' beliefs conveyed in queries regardless of the truth. In this paper we propose to alleviate bias in Web search through predicting the topical polarity of documents, which is the overall tendency of one document regarding whether it supports or disapproves the belief in query. By applying the prediction to balance search results, users would receive less biased information and therefore make wiser decision. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel textual segment extraction method to distill and generate document feature representation, and leverage convolution neural network, an effective deep learning approach, to predict topical polarity of documents. We conduct extensive experiments on a set of queries with medical indents and demonstrate that our model performs empirically well on identifying topical polarity with satisfying accuracy. To our best knowledge, our work is the first on investigating the mitigation of bias in Web search and could provide directions on future research.
CASP , the alternatively spliced product of the gene encoding the CDP transcription factor , is a Golgi membrane protein related to giantin

running title CASP is a conserved Golgi membrane protein Abstract Large coiled-coil proteins are being found in increasing numbers on the membranes of the Golgi apparatus, and have been proposed to function in tethering of transport vesicles and in the organisation of the Golgi stack. Members of one class of Golgi coiled-coil protein, comprising giantin and golgin-84, are anchored to the bilayer by a single C-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD). In this paper we report the characterisation of another mammalian coiled-coil protein, CASP, that was originally identified as an alternatively spliced product of the CUTL1 gene that encodes CCAAT-displacement protein (CDP), the human homologue of the Drosophila homeodomain protein Cut. We find that the C. elegans homologues of CDP and CASP are also generated from a single gene. CASP lacks the DNA binding motifs of CDP, and was previously reported to be a nuclear protein. Here we show that it is in fact a Golgi protein with a C-terminal TMD, and shares with giantin and golgin-84 a conserved histidine in its TMD. However, unlike these proteins, CASP has a homologue in S. cerevisiae, which we call COY1. Deletion of COY1 does not affect viability, but strikingly restores normal growth to cells lacking the Golgi SNARE Gos1p. The conserved histidine is necessary for Coy1p's activity in cells lacking Gos1p, suggesting that the TMD of these transmembrane Golgi coiled-coil proteins is directly involved in their function.
Predicting types of clothing using SURF and LDP based on Bag of Features

The low-level feature, such as Local Directional Pattern (LDP) was used to describe textures and shapes in the image. The advantage of the LDP feature is its robustness under random noise and illumination/light changes. This paper proposed a new approach to classifying and recognizing types of clothing by using Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) and Local Directional Pattern (LDP) based on Bag of Features (BoF) model. The key processes of the proposed system are firstly, the human are located and segmented clothing in the image. Secondly, Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) is used for detecting the interesting points and LDP features are used to create a codebook. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the types of clothing. The dataset consists of seven categories of clothing such as sweaters, suits and shirts. Our dataset consists of total 1131 images out of which the training set is 991 images and the remainder is the testing set. The result of the recognition rate achieves an average F-score of 63.36%.
Aging causes a reorganization of cortical and spinal control of posture

Classical studies in animal preparations suggest a strong role for spinal control of posture. In humans it is now established that the cerebral cortex contributes to postural control of unperturbed and perturbed standing. The age-related degeneration and accompanying functional changes in the brain, reported so far mainly in conjunction with simple manual motor tasks, may also affect the mechanisms that control complex motor tasks involving posture. This review outlines the age-related structural and functional changes at spinal and cortical levels and provides a mechanistic analysis of how such changes may be linked to the behaviorally manifest postural deficits in old adults. The emerging picture is that the age-related reorganization in motor control during voluntary tasks, characterized by differential modulation of spinal reflexes, greater cortical activation and cortical disinhibition, is also present during postural tasks. We discuss the possibility that this reorganization underlies the increased coactivation and dual task interference reported in elderly. Finally, we propose a model for future studies to unravel the structure-function-behavior relations in postural control and aging.
From mating pool distributions to model overfitting

This paper addresses selection as a source of overfitting in Bayesian estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs). The purpose of the paper is twofold. First, it shows how the selection operator can lead to model overfitting in the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA). Second, the metric score that guides the search for an adequate model structure is modified to take into account the non-uniform distribution of the mating pool generated by tournament selection.
Distribution of Illness and Medical Expenditure: A Survey in Two Villages in Rural Beijing

Background The main goal of this study is to examine the distributions of illness conditions and resulting medical expenditures and their associated factors. To achieve this goal, an in-house survey was conducted in August of 2012 in rural Beijing, the capital city of China. Results The survey was conducted in Nanjianchang and Beijianchang, which are two villages 20 KM away from Miyun, a satellite city of Beijing. Data was collected on 346 households, which included 834 members. Variables measured included household characteristics, household head characteristics, illness conditions, and medical expenditures. Illness conditions and corresponding expenditure were measured for inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, and self-treatment separately. Multivariate analysis suggested that the presence of inpatient treatment was associated with household head characteristics including age, gender, and education. The presence of a high level of outpatient treatment was associated with household head characteristics including gender and education. The presence of a high level of self-treatment was significantly associated with household size. In the analysis of overall out-of-pocket (OOP) medical expenditure, only age of household head was borderline significant. In the analysis of OOP inpatient expenditure, age and gender of household head were borderline significant. The OOP outpatient expenditure was associated with household size, presence of members older than 60, household head's gender, marital status, and occupation. The OOP self-treatment expenditure was not associated with any household characteristic. Conclusions For the surveyed households, medical expenditure made up a considerable proportion of the total consumption. This study suggested that the presence of illness conditions and resulting OOP medical expenditure were associated with certain household and household head characteristics. Such results may help identify the subgroup that is the most affected by illness conditions. As this study collected recent data on inpatient, outpatient, and self-treatment separately, it may provide a useful complement to the existing studies.
''Bargaining'' and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household

Highlighting the problems posed by a ''unitary'' conceptualization of the household, a number of economists have in recent years proposed alternative models. These models, especially those embodying the bargaining approach, provide a useful framework for analyzing gender relations and throwing some light on how gender asymmetries are constructed and contested. At the same time, the models have paid inadequate or no attention to some critical aspects of intra-household gender dynamics, such as: What factors (especially qualitative ones) affect bargaining power? What is the role of social norms and social perceptions in the bargaining process and how might these factors themselves be bargained over? Are women less motivated than men by self-interest and might this affect bargaining outcomes? Most discussions on bargaining also say little about gender relations beyond the household, and about the links between extra-household and intra-household bargaining power. This paper spells out the nature of these complexities and their importance in determining the outcomes of intra-household dynamics. It also extends the bargaining approach beyond the household to the interlinked arenas of the market, the community and the State.