Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defining antibiotic resistance-towards international harmonization

Abstract Antimicrobial susceptibility testing with phenotypic methods requires breakpoints, i.e. a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) categorizing micro-organisms into susceptible, intermediately susceptible, and resistant for the relevant antimicrobial agent. Determinations of breakpoints require tools such as the understanding of dosing, MIC distributions of organisms without resistance mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and of clinical outcome in defined clinical situations. Several European countries (France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, and UK), have national breakpoint committees, often with 20–30 years of experience and tradition. These committees now co-operate under the umbrella of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), organized by The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Together with the European Medicines Agency (EMA), EUCAST determines breakpoints for existing and new antibacterial and antifungal agents. Moreover, EUCAST has developed a disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method which is now, together with the new European breakpoints, being implemented in many countries both inside and outside Europe.
Association between progression-free survival and health-related quality of life in oncology: a systematic review protocol

Introduction There is an increasing number of new oncology drugs being studied, approved and put into clinical practice based on improvement in progression-free survival, when no overall survival benefits exist. In oncology, the association between progression-free survival and health-related quality of life is currently unknown, despite its importance for patients with cancer, and the unverified assumption that longer progression-free survival indicates improved health-related quality of life. Thus far, only 1 study has investigated this association, providing insufficient evidence and inconclusive results. The objective of this study protocol is to provide increased transparency in supporting a systematic summary of the evidence bearing on this association in oncology. Methods and analysis Using the OVID platform in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases, we will conduct a systematic review of randomised controlled human trials addressing oncology issues published starting in 2000. A team of reviewers will, in pairs, independently screen and abstract data using standardised, pilot-tested forms. We will employ numerical integration to calculate mean incremental area under the curve between treatment groups in studies for health-related quality of life, along with total related error estimates, and a 95% CI around incremental area. To describe the progression-free survival to health-related quality of life association, we will construct a scatterplot for incremental health-related quality of life versus incremental progression-free survival. To estimate the association, we will use a weighted simple regression approach, comparing mean incremental health-related quality of life with either median incremental progression-free survival time or the progression-free survival HR, in the absence of overall survival benefit. Discussion Identifying direction and magnitude of association between progression-free survival and health-related quality of life is critically important in interpreting results of oncology trials. Systematic evidence produced from our study will contribute to improvement of patient care and practice of evidence-based medicine in oncology.
Distributed Model of Collicular and Cerebellar Function during Saccades

Abstract: How does the brain tell the eye where to go? Classical models of rapid eye movements are lumped control systems that compute analogs of physical signals such as desired eye displacement, instantaneous error, and motor drive. Components of these lumped models do not correspond well with anatomical and physiological data. We have developed a more brain‐like, distributed model (called a neuromimetic model), in which the superior colliculus (SC) and cerebellum (CB) play novel roles, using information about the desired target and the movement context to generate saccades. It suggests that the SC is neither sensory nor motor; rather it encodes the desired sensory consequence of the saccade in retinotopic coordinates. It also suggests a non‐computational scheme for motor control by the cerebellum, based on context learning and a novel spatial mechanism, the pilot map. The CB learns to use contextual information to initialize the pilot signal that will guide the saccade to its goal. The CB monitors feedback information to steer and stop the saccade, and thus replaces the classical notion of a displacement integrator. One consequence of this model is that no desired eye movement signal is encoded explicitly in the brain; rather it is distributed across activity in both the SC and CB. Another is that the transformation from spatially coded sensory information to temporally coded motor information is implicit in the velocity feedback loop around the CB. No explicit spatial‐to‐temporal transformation with a normalization step is needed.
Mashup cartography: cartographic issues of using Google Earth for tag maps

Copyright & reuse City University London has developed City Research Online so that its users may access the research outputs of City University London's staff. Copyright © and Moral Rights for this paper are retained by the individual author(s) and/ or other copyright holders. All material in City Research Online is checked for eligibility for copyright before being made available in the live archive. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to from other web pages.
Fast and robust FMRI unmixing using hierarchical dictionary learning

We propose a novel computationally efficient hierarchical dictionary learning (HDL) approach for data-driven unmixing and functional connectivity analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. It is shown that by simultaneously exploiting the sparsity of the spatial brain maps and the incoherence among their evolution in time or task functions, one can achieve better performance while overcoming the drawbacks of existing approaches. The task functions constituting the dictionary, are learned using a hierarchical subset selection approach. Here, to enforce incoherence among atoms, any new atom is selected from suitable training candidates if it does not lie in the column span of past selected atoms. Also, since the sparsity of spatial maps is generally unknown and affected due to acquisition artifacts, HDL doesn't make use of an implicit sparse coding stage while dictionary update. This makes HDL a very fast and efficient data-driven approach for fMRI analysis. Experimental results on synthetic and real fMRI datasets provide compelling evidences that HDL performs better than existing state-of-the-art methods.
3 DPRESENCE – A SYSTEM CONCEPT FOR MULTI-USER AND MULTI-PARTY IMMERSIVE 3 D VIDEOCONFERENCING

Traditional set-top camera video-conferencing systems still fail to meet the ‘telepresence challenge’ of providing a viable alternative for physical business travel, which is nowadays characterized by unacceptable delays, costs, inconvenience, and an increasingly large ecological footprint. Even recent high-end commercial solutions, while partially removing some of these traditional shortcomings, still present the problems of not scaling easily, expensive implementations, not utilizing 3D life-sized representations of the remote participants and addressing only eye contact and gesturebased interactions in very limited ways. The European FP7 project 3DPresence will develop a multi-party, high-end 3D videoconferencing concept that will tackle the problem of transmitting the feeling of physical presence in real-time to multiple remote locations in a transparent and natural way. In this paper, we present an overall concept, which includes the geometrical design of the whole prototype demonstrator, the arrangement of the cameras and displays and the general multi-view video analysis chain. The driving force behind the design strategy is to fulfil the requirements of a novel 3D immersive videoconferencing system, including directional eye gaze and gesture awareness.
Association of Financial Integration Between Physicians and Hospitals With Commercial Health Care Prices.

IMPORTANCE Financial integration between physicians and hospitals may help health care provider organizations meet the challenges of new payment models but also may enhance the bargaining power of provider organizations, leading to higher prices and spending in commercial health care markets. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between recent increases in physician-hospital integration and changes in spending and prices for outpatient and inpatient services. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using regression analysis, we estimated the relationship between changes in physician-hospital integration from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2012, in 240 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and concurrent changes in spending. Adjustments were made for patient, plan, and market characteristics, including physician, hospital, and insurer market concentration. The study population included a cohort of 7,391,335 nonelderly enrollees in preferred-provider organizations or point-of-service plans included in the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Database during the study period. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2013, through July 13, 2015. EXPOSURE Physician-hospital integration, measured using Medicare claims data as the share of physicians in an MSA who bill for outpatient services with a place-of-service code indicating employment or practice ownership by a hospital. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Annual inpatient and outpatient spending per enrollee and associated use of health care services, with utilization measured by price-standardized spending (the sum of annual service counts multiplied by the national mean of allowed charges for the service). RESULTS Among the 240 MSAs, physician-hospital integration increased from 2008 to 2012 by a mean of 3.3 percentage points, with considerable variation in increases across MSAs (interquartile range, 0.8-5.2 percentage points). For our study sample of 7,391,335 nonelderly enrollees, an increase in physician-hospital integration equivalent to the 75th percentile of changes experienced by MSAs was associated with a mean increase of $75 (95% CI, $38-$113) per enrollee in annual outpatient spending (P < .001) from 2008 to 2012, a 3.1% increase relative to mean outpatient spending in 2012 ($2407 [95% CI, $2400-$2414] per enrollee). This increase in outpatient spending was driven almost entirely by price increases because associated changes in utilization were minimal (corresponding change in price-standardized spending, $14 [95% CI, -$13 to $41] per enrollee; P = .32). Changes in physician-hospital integration were not associated with significant changes in inpatient spending ($22 [95% CI, -$1 to $46] per enrollee; P = .06) or utilization ($10 [95% CI, -$12 to $31] per enrollee; P = .37). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Financial integration between physicians and hospitals has been associated with higher commercial prices and spending for outpatient care.
Conversion Loss and Noise of Microwave and Millimeterwave Mixers: Part 2--Experiment

The theory of noise and conversion loss in millimeter-wave mixers, developed in a companion paper, is applied to an 80-120-GHz mixer. Good agreement is obtained between theoretical and experimental results, and the source of the recently reported "anomalous noise" is explained. Experimental methods are described for measuring the embedding impedance and diode equivalent circuit, needed for the computer analysis.
Exceptional Texts On The Multilingual Web

Great writers help keep a language efficient for discourse of all kinds. In doing so they produce exceptional texts which may defy Statistical Machine Translation by employing uncommon idiom. Such "turns of phrase" can enter into a Nation's collective memory and form the basis from which compassion and conviction are conveyed during important national discourse. Communities that unite across language barriers have no such robust basis for discourse. Here we describe a Multilingual Web prototype application that promotes appreciation of exceptional texts by non-native readers. The application allows dual column original/translation texts (in Open Office format) to be imported into the translator's browser, to be manually aligned for semantic correspondence, to be aligned with an audio reading, and then saved as HTML5 for subsequent presentation to non-native readers. We hope to provide a new way of experiencing exceptional texts (poetry, here) that transmits their significance without incurring extraneous distraction. We motivate, outline and illustrate our application in action.
Effect of cell–cell interactions in preservation of cellular phenotype: cocultivation of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells

Heterotypic cell interaction between parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal neighbors has been reported to modulate cell growth, migration, and/or differentiation. In both the developing and adult liver, cell–cell interactions are imperative for coordinated organ function. In vitro, cocultivation of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells has been used to preserve and modulate the hepatocyte phenotype. We summarize previous studies in this area as well as recent advances in microfabrication that have allowed for more precise control over cell–cell interactions through ‘cellular patterning’ or ‘micropatterning’. Although the precise mechanisms by which nonparenchymal cells modulate the hepatocyte phenotype remain unelucidated, some new insights on the modes of cell signaling, the extent of cell–cell interaction, and the ratio of cell populations are noted. Proposed clinical applications of hepatocyte cocultures, typically extracorporeal bioartificial liver support systems, are reviewed in the context of these new findings. Continued advances in microfabrication and cell culture will allow further study of the role of cell communication in physiological and pathophysiological processes as well as in the development of functional tissue constructs for medical applications. — Bhatia, S. N. , Balis, U. J., Yarmush, M. L. , Toner, M. Effect of cell–cell interactions in preservation of cellular phenotype: cocultivation of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. FASEB J. 13, 1883–1900 (1999)
Classification of Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Predicting Outcome of Defibrillation by Spectral Characterization and Nonparametric

Classification of Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Predicting Outcome of Defibrillation by Spectral Characterization and Nonparametric Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2000 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR. 102.13. 1523 2000;102:1523-1529 Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/102/13/1523 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Achieving High Bandwidth Efficiency for Hybrid ARQ-FEC Based Multicast Protocols in Mobile Wireless Networks

To save the precious wireless network resources, the mobile wireless networks demand high bandwidth efficiency of error-control schemes for mobile multicast services, which is defined as the average fraction of data packets among all the packets (including redundancy packets) transmitted. We derive an upper-bound of bandwidth efficiency and its supremum for hybrid ARQ-FEC schemes applied in mobile multicast with diverse reliability Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, which suggests that a large transmission group size is necessary and effective to achieve high bandwidth efficiency. By introducing the concept of effective packet-loss probability for mobile multicast, we explain the obtained upper-bound and develop a method to provide guidance for selection of the transmission group size. To achieve high bandwidth efficiency for mobile multicast, we propose an efficient correlated random mapping structure for the adaptive graph-code-based error-control scheme, which can closely approaching the least upper-bound of bandwidth efficiency with the increasing of transmission group size. Furthermore, by analyzing the effective packet-loss probability under burst losses, which frequently occur in mobile wireless networks, we apply the block interleaving scheme to improve the bandwidth efficiency for mobile multicast. Also conducted is a set of numerical and simulation results which evaluate the performance of our proposed schemes. Simulation results show that our proposed schemes can achieve high bandwidth efficiency for mobile multicast under various reliability-QoS requirements and channel conditions.
The Core Components of RTI: A Closer Look at Leadership, Parent Involvement, and Cultural Responsivity. Special Report.

Response to Intervention (RTI) is a framework of service delivery for addressing the needs of all students (within both general and special education) by embedding best practice and differentiated, evidence-based instruction in the classroom, and using scientific, researchbased intervention (IDOE, 2009). Indiana’s Vision of Response to Intervention, the first Special Report in this three-part series issued by the Center for Evaluation & Education Policy (CEEP), introduced the RTI framework as an effective mechanism in the prevention and intervention of both academic and behavioral problems for all students in K-12 education. The report discussed the research and policy impetus for the use of the RTI framework, as well as what the state of Indiana is currently doing to support this new initiative. Specifically, Indiana’s Department of Education (IDOE) has devised a framework of RTI that addresses six core components on which to focus: (1) evidence-based curriculum, instruction, intervention, and extension; (2) assessment and progress monitoring; (3) data-based decision making; (4) leadership; (5) family, school, and community partnerships; and (6) cultural responsivity.
Electrothermal simulation of SiGe HBTs and investigation of experimental extraction methods for junction temperature

We present an electrothermal simulator for lattice temperature calculation in Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) hetero-junction bipolar transistors (HBTs) by including self-heating in Boltzmann transport equations (BTEs) of electrons and holes, where the BTEs are solved by deterministic methods based on a spherical harmonics expansion. Using the I-V characteristics of the device with taking self-heating into account, junction temperature is calculated with the thermal resistance extraction method, where the extracted temperature corresponds exactly to the average temperature increase over the base-emitter junction. Finally, the influence of both electrothermal simulation with phonon temperature distributions and isothermal simulation with homogeneous junction temperature on the I-V characteristics of HBT is investigated.
Simultaneous fMRI and eye gaze recordings during prolonged natural stimulation - a studyforrest extension

Here we present an update of the studyforrest (http://studyforrest.org) dataset that complements the previously released functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for natural language processing with a new two-hour 3Tesla fMRI acquisition while 15 of the original participants were shown an audio-visual version of the stimulus motion picture. We demonstrate with two validation analyses that these new data support modeling specific properties of the complex natural stimulus, as well as a substantial within-subject BOLD response congruency in brain areas related to the processing of auditory inputs, speech, and narrative when compared to the existing fMRI data for audio-only stimulation. In addition, we provide participants’ eye gaze location as recorded simultaneously with fMRI, and an additional sample of 15 control participants whose eye gaze trajectories for the entire movie were recorded in a lab setting — to enable studies on attentional processes and comparative investigations on the potential impact of the stimulation setting on these processes.
Modeling, Design, Fabrication, and Performance of Rectangular μ-Coaxial Lines and Components

A miniature non-uniform copper-air rectangular coaxial line with the inner conductor supported by periodic dielectric straps is demonstrated. The overall height of the line is 310mum with the outer conductor cross-section being 250mumtimes250mum. The measured loss is 0.22dB/cm at 26GHz, while the isolation between two parallel lines with a center-to-center separation of 700mum is better than 60dB. Several quasi-planar components are designed and fabricated on the same wafer, and presented here are a branch-line hybrid and a transmission line resonator. The through and coupled port transmissions for the hybrid at 26GHz are -3.25dB and -3.35dB respectively, with phase misbalance below 0.2deg. The transmission line resonator has an unloaded Q-factor of 110 at 25GHz
Modernising the European Social Paradigm: Social Investments and Social Entrepreneurs

Abstract Policy perspectives of the European Union as well as those of member states currently link the concepts of social investment and social entrepreneurship in order to advocate both where and how to intervene. The argument of this article is that the explicit linking of these two notions, by policy-makers at several different levels and scales of authority, constitutes an emerging policy paradigm. The article identifies three characteristics of any paradigm, including that a policy paradigm must provide a perspective on the maintenance of the well-being of both society and individuals. Despite variation across countries and levels of authority (a characteristic of any paradigm) policy communities proffer the quasi-concepts of social investment and social entrepreneurship in combination as the appropriate ways to govern financing and the delivery of social investments. Therefore, social enterprises are targeted to receive public financing in order to deliver social investments in activation (training, employability, job support and wage supplements) as well as childcare. Reliance on this assemblage is documented across scales from the local through the national, transnational and international.
The DragonBeam Framework: Hardware-Protected Security Modules for In-Place Intrusion Detection

The sophistication of malicious adversaries is increasing every day and most defenses are often easily overcome by such attackers. Many existing defensive mechanisms often make differing assumptions about the underlying systems and use varied architectures to implement their solutions. This often leads to fragmentation among solutions and could even open up additional vulnerabilities in the system. We present the DragonBeam Framework that enables system designers to implement their own monitoring methods and analyses engines to detect intrusions in modern operating systems. It is built upon a novel hardware/software mechanism. Depending on the type of monitoring that is implemented using this framework, the impact on the monitored system is very low. This is demonstrated by the use cases presented in this paper that also showcase how the DragonBeam framework can be used to detect different types of attack.