Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Space-to-Ground Video Transmission Constraints on Teleoperated Final Approach and Docking

This study investigates the impact of communication link constraints in the transmission of streaming video feedback on spacecraft teleoperation system performance. A final approach and docking scenario with an uncooperative, rotating target was set up, in which operators in three experiment series were presented with different video frame rate levels, compressed image quality levels, and roundtrip time delay levels. The data show that none of the variables has an effect on the maneuver accuracy, efficiency, or safety. However, there were significant effects on subjective perception and task success. Decreasing the compressed image quality has negligible effect on operator perception, and it has no effect on task success. Reducing the frame rate down to 7.5 framed per second also has no effect, but operator perception dropped significantly with further reduction, without effect on task success. An increase in roundtrip time delay causes a decrease in task success rate between low delays below 750 ms and h.
Response to Intervention for Young Children With Extremely Challenging Behaviors: What It Might Look Like

Response to intervention is a framework for organizing planned sequences of prevention and empirically validated interventions ordered by intensity. Plans might increase or decrease in intensity depending on risk status and outcomes. If interventions are well sequenced and technically adequate, these outcomes can be interpreted (with other sources) as evaluation data concerning educational needs. This article presents broad-spectrum response to intervention as a method for answering practical preschool service delivery questions. Following a presentation of key literatures and a model for this purpose, and elaborating on decision making for extremely challenging behaviors, a case study adapted from a school psychology practicum is presented. The case study shows how response to intervention might work in preschools. Possible advantages, problem areas, and practice implications are discussed.
A Comparative Analysis of Two Gait Training Approaches for Individuals with Transtibial Amputation

Statement of the Problem: There is a lack of research on early prosthetic gait training and its influence on function, The current healthcare trend is to limit the amount of prosthetic rehabilitation an individual receives. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare the effectiveness of two strategies: impairment (10) versus task-oriented (TO) for initial gait training of individuals with transtibial amputation (TTA). Methods: The study utilized an experimental, prospective, randomized, single factor, pretestlpost-test design. Twenty-two individuals were randomly assigned to the impairment (n=l I) or task (n=l I) oriented group. All subjects completed a ten-day gait training protocol (impairment versus task-oriented) as part of their inpatient rehabilitation. Outcome data consisting of the Amputee Mobility Predictor (AMP), Berg Balance Scale (Berg), mean normalized velocity (MNV), and spatial/temporal gait parameters obtained from the GAITRitw were taken at baseline (third day of training) and day ten. Results: Significant improvements were noted within groups for the AMP, Berg, and velocity measures. The TO group did not have any significant changes for those measures. No significant differences were found between or within the two groups for symmetry of single limb support time or step length. Conclusions: Both training strategies resulted in equivalent improvement in unilateral TTA functional mobility. Although significant improvements were demonstrated in function during the ten-day protocol, the subjects continued to have a high fall risk and low level of functioning as shown by the Berg, AMP and velocity measures. Future studies should examine the impact of timing and amount of prosthetic rehabilitation. for your support and mentorship throughout this entire process. Your guidance has been holdfast. It is always a pleasure to learn from you, as you are nurturing yet straightforward. Thank you for all of your guidance throughout the years; for your willingness to continue on with this project even after you moved. I have thoroughly enjoyed working with you and learning from you. You have helped me develop my writing skills to a new level, and I will always appreciate all the support you have given me; Lee Cabell, Ph.D., for your willingness to give so much of your time on this project and your different perspective on many issues. It has been a pleasure working with you; My co-workers at Mercy College, for your invaluable support and assistance with this project. Thank you for all the times you assisted me in helping to answer a question and …
The Psychological Distance within the Dynamics of the Leader/Follower Relationship

For the last few decades (1980’s through the present), the majority of social psychology research into leadership dynamics of an organization has focused on the management employee, treating the rank and file with cursory interest through studies on productivity, job satisfaction and retention. With the introduction of the terms “Follower” and “Followership” injected into the leadership/management vocabulary, social psychologists and leadership consultants began taking a fresh new look at the human side of work. This new line of inquiry focuses on the follower in the organization, while this paper takes a close look at the leader-follower dynamic in the workplace. The literature review identified eight workforce relationship factors as common themes within the leader-follower relationship. These selected categories identify the multifaceted leader-follower dynamic to working relationships, showing whether leader and the follower have a distal (or psychologically distant), or proximal (or psychologically aligned) relationship, and whether each is comfortable with their working arrangement (positive or negative). To better illuminate this interaction of opposites, a case scenario will be employed to describe how proximal and distal interactions look before and after an upsetting workplace event.
Integrative Motivation, Induced Anxiety, and Language Learning in a Controlled Environment

The study examines the effects of both integrative motivation and anxiety on computerized vocabulary acquisition using a laboratory analog procedure as a microcosm of second language learning. An attempt was made to induce anxiety in one group of subjects by videotaping them while learning. Individual differences in integrative motivation were measured by aggregating relevant scales. Subjects higher in integrative motivation showed superior vocabulary acquisition and tended to initiate a translation more quickly than did those lower in integrative motivation. The anxiety manipulation did not appear to influence behavior during the learning trials. A second set of analyses revealed that subjects with more positive attitudes tended to respond more quickly and consistently to the attitude items. The results are discussed in terms of the operational definition of integrative motivation and its relation to anxiety.
Calls reveal population structure of blue whales across the southeast Indian Ocean and the southwest Pacific Ocean

For effective species management, understanding population structure and distribution is critical. However, quantifying population structure is not always straightforward. Within the Southern Hemisphere, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) complex is extremely diverse but difficult to study. Using automated detector methods, we identified “acoustic populations” of whales producing region-specific call types. We examined blue whale call types in passive acoustic data at sites spanning over 7,370 km across the southeast Indian Ocean and southwest Pacific Ocean (SWPO) from 2009 to 2012. In the absence of genetic resolution, these acoustic populations offer unique information about the blue whale population complex. We found that the Australian continent acts as a geographic boundary, separating Australia and New Zealand blue whale acoustic populations at the junction of the Indian and Pacific Ocean basins. We located blue whales in previously undocumented locations, including the far SWPO, in the Tasman Sea off the east coast of Australia, and along the Lau Basin near Tonga. Our understanding of population dynamics across this broad scale has significant implications to recovery and conservation management for this endangered species, at a regional and global scale.
Robust Stability of Moving Horizon Estimation Under Bounded Disturbances

This note proposes a new form of nonlinear state estimator, for which we can establish robust global asymptotic stability in the case of bounded disturbances. In this estimator, a max term is added to the usual sum of stage costs, and one additional assumption is made relating the initial state stage cost to the system's detectability condition. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the estimator's performance. Two open issues are presented: (i) the proof of estimator convergence for convergent disturbances and (ii) changing from full information estimation to moving horizon estimation, which has a smaller and more tractable online computational complexity.
HCN channels

The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels belong to the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In mammals, the HCN channel family comprises 4 members (HCN1–4) that are expressed in heart and nervous system. HCN channels are activated by membrane hyperpolarization, are permeable to Na+ and K+, and are constitutively open at voltages near the resting membrane potential. In many cases, activation is facilitated by direct interaction with cyclic nucleotides, particularly cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The cation current through HCN channels is known as Ih; opening of HCN channels elicits membrane depolarization toward threshold for action potential generation, and reduces membrane resistance and thus the magnitude of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. HCN channels have a major role in controlling neuronal excitability, dendritic integration of synaptic potentials, synaptic transmission, and rhythmic oscillatory activity in individual neurons and neuronal networks. These channels participate in mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and memory, thalamocortical rhythms, and somatic sensation. Experimental evidence indicates that HCN channels may also contribute to mechanisms of epilepsy and pain. The physiologic functions of HCN channels and their implications for neurologic disorders have been recently reviewed.1–10
Brain development, infant communication, and empathy disorders: Intrinsic factors in child mental health

Abstract Disorders of emotion, communication, and learning in early childhood are considered in light of evidence on human brain growth from embryo stages. We cite microbehavioral evidence indicating that infants are born able to express the internal activity of their brains, including dynamic “motive states” that drive learning. Infant expressions stimulate the development of imitative and reciprocal relations with corresponding dynamic brain states of caregivers. The infant's mind must have an “innate self-with-other representation” of the inter-mind correspondence and reciprocity of feelings that can be generated with an adult. Primordial motive systems appear in subcortical and limbic systems of the embryo before the cerebral cortex. These are presumed to continue to guide the growth of a child's brain after birth. We propose that an “intrinsic motive formation” is assembled prenatally and is ready at birth to share emotion with caregivers for regulation of the child's cortical development, on which cultural cognition and learning depend. The intrinsic potentiality for “intersubjectivity” can be disorganized if the epigenetic program for the infant's brain fails. Indeed, many psychological disorders of childhood can be traced to faults in early stages of brain development when core motive systems form.
Looking for a “Better” Job: Job Characteristics and On-the-Job Search among the Employed in the Metropolitan Labor Market

As the gap between “good” and “bad” jobs widens, the opportunity for upward mobility from entry-level to well-paying career jobs declines. On-the-job search is particularly important as a mobility strategy to those with undesirable jobs. This paper examines the effects of low pay, lack of fringe benefits, and other job-related attributes on the likelihood of job search among the employed in the metropolitan labor market. The data come from the 1997–1999 Current Population Survey Contingent Work Supplements. Findings from logistic regression analyses suggest that undesirable job characteristics, rather than expected wage gain, are the major factors motivating on-the-job search. These characteristics include nonstandard, nonunionized, low-skilled, and low paying jobs, and lack of fringe benefits. Jobs with low wages and few benefits are typically associated with nonstandard, nonunionized, and low-skilled work. This paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings for workforce development and career advancement.
The Role of Cultural Factors in the Learning Style Preferences of Accounting Students: A Comparative Study between Japan and Australia

The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the relationship between cultural factors and students' learning style preferences in the context of the current global convergence in accounting education. Kolb's Learning Style Inventory and Hofstede's Value Survey Model for Young People were administered to 130 undergraduate students studying accounting in Japanese and Australian universities. The findings of this comparative study report that differences in the particular learning styles of doing/watching (AE–RO) between the two nationality groups are significantly associated with individualism (IDV). The supplementary t-test also revealed the mean scores of AE–RO and IDV for Australian accounting students were significantly higher than those of Japanese students, which suggests that Japanese like to learn by watching due to their relatively collective approach to learning. In contrast, Australian students who tended to be more individualistic in their learning were more willing to learn by doing. The results will be of interest to accounting educators to assist them with the smooth introduction of the International Education Standards (IES) prescribed by the International Accounting Education Standards Board (IAESB) of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).
PLAQUE ASSAY FOR PSITTACOSIS VIRUS IN MONOLAYERS OF CHICK EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS

Piraino, F. (City of Milwaukee Health Department, Milwaukee, Wis.), and C. Abel. Plaque assay for psittacosis virus in monolayers of chick embryo fibroblasts. J. Bacteriol. 87:1503–1511. 1964. —A tissue culture system for the assay of 6BC psittacosis virus by plaque production on chick embryo fibroblast cells is described. Experiments are given which characterize the specificity of the reaction and identify factors found to cause variations in plaque counts. The statistical data obtained indicate this assay to be a precise and highly reliable procedure for the detection of 6BC virus and antibody.
Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a tight junction with adherens junction features

Most polarized epithelia constrain solute diffusion between luminal and interstitial compartments using tight junctions and generate mechanical strength using adherens junctions. These intercellular junctions are typically portrayed as incongruent macromolecular complexes with distinct protein components. Herein, we delineate the molecular composition and subdomain architecture of an intercellular junction between sensory and non-sensory cells of the inner ear. In this junction, claudins partition into claudin-14 and claudin-9/6 subdomains that are distinguishable by strand morphology, which contrasts with in vitro data that most claudins co-assemble into heteromeric strands. Surprisingly, canonical adherens junction proteins (p120ctn, α- and β-catenins) colocalize with the claudin-9/6 subdomain and recruit a dense cytoskeletal network. We also find that catenins colocalize with claudin-9 and claudin-6, but not claudin-14, in a heterologous system. Together, our data demonstrate that canonical tight junction and adherens junction proteins can be recruited to a single junction in which claudins partition into subdomains and form a novel hybrid tight junction with adherens junction organization.
Microfibrils: Fine filamentous components of the tissue space

Fine extracellular filaments were first observed in sectioned connective tissue by Jakus ('54) in the rat cornea and later by Robertson ('56) in reptilian skeletal muscle. Karrer ('58), using methacrylate sections stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTR), described thin filaments in mouse connective tissue and collated his observations with those of other workers. More conspicuous visualization of these filaments is afforded by tissue embedded in the polyester, Vestopal-W by the method of Ryter and Kellenberger ('58). They are especially striking after heat and solvent clearing of sections, and solvent staining (Low, '61b). In recent studies of polyester-embedded lung (Low, '61a) and heart (Battig and Low, '61) they became so conspicuous that they were designated "microfibrils. " They are now routinely observed in normal (Karrer, '61) and experimental material (Chapman, '61) and are recognizable as one of the structurally organized entities of the connective tissue (Low, '61c). It therefore seems appropriate to present a brief account of their morphology and their physical relationships to other formed elements in the tissue space: and to assign them a specific name.
The Imitation of Perceived Rubato: A Preliminary Study

Studies of expressive performance have generally focussed on the analysis of spontaneously generated expressive features. The prevailing model to emerge from this research considers expression to be generated from musical structure at the time of performance. The studies reported in this paper require performers to imitate the rubato of short musical phrases in which the relationship between structure and expression is varied. Performers are able to imitate the rubato they hear with some success, though their attempts to do so are less accurate and stable when structure and expression conflict than when they are consistent with one another. This demonstrates that although expressive timing may have a generative origin in spontaneous performance, performers have some ability to encode and reproduce rubato even when it is not structurally anchored. However the greater instability of structurally arbitrary rubato suggests that convincing expressive performances can only be reliably achieved when the underlying musical structure has been understood and assimilated.
A PageRank-based preferential attachment model for the evolution of the World Wide Web

We propose a model of network growth aimed at mimicking the evolution of the World Wide Web. To this purpose, we take as a key quantity, in the network evolution, the centrality or importance of a vertex as measured by its PageRank. Using a preferential attachment rule and a rewiring procedure based on this quantity, we can reproduce most of the topological properties of the system.
Test cases generation from UML state diagrams

The paper discusses the application of state diagrams in UML to class testing. A set of coverage criteria is proposed based on control and data flow in UML state diagrams and it is shown how to generate test cases satisfying these criteria from UML state diagrams. First, control flow is identified by transforming UML state diagrams into extended finite state machines (EFSMs). The hierarchical and concurrent structure of states is flattened and broadcast communications are eliminated in the resulting EFSMs. Second, data flow is identified by transforming EFSMs into flow graphs to which conventional data flow analysis techniques can be applied.
Iterative Refinement for Ill-conditioned Linear Equations.

This paper treats a linear equation Av = b, where A ∈ Fn×n and b ∈ F. Here, F is a set of floating point numbers. Let u be the unit round-off of the working precision and κ(A) = ∥A∥∞∥A∥∞ be the condition number of the problem. In this paper, ill-conditioned problems with
Wildlife Stakeholder Acceptance Capacity for black bears, beavers, and other beasts in the east

Abstract The formal concept of wildlife stakeholder acceptance capacity (WSAC) in wildlife management is less than a generation old. The genesis of wildlife management in North America occurred during a time when populations of many wildlife species were low, their habitats were altered and degraded, and the human population was rapidly urbanizing. The focus of wildlife management was to restore wildlife populations and habitats. Once restored, wildlife managers strove to maintain populations at levels within biological carrying capacities (BCC) and provide benefits to a relatively narrow range of stakeholders. In recent years, cultural changes associated with a predominantly suburban society have led to conflicts with traditional wildlife management approaches and broadened the stakeholder base. Wildlife managers have had to consider the interests of a wider stakeholder base that supports a diversity of often conflicting expectations, while relying on traditional funding sources. For certain species, management for WSAC has taken priority over management for BCC. This scenario is particularly focused in the northeast United States where human population densities are some of the highest in the nation. We explore the current state of our knowledge of WSAC for certain species in the east, and review the tools being used for monitoring and assessment. We discuss adequacy of these approaches and offer suggestions for incorporating WSAC into wildlife management planning and operations. We consider the implications of WSAC to the future of wildlife management in North America.
The Role of Marketing in Politics

The Journal of Political Marketing is the first academic and professional publication solely devoted to the advancement and recognition of the role of marketing in politics. The journal will be an outlet for a wide spectrum of scholars and practitioners who carry out research, consult and write in the field of political marketing. Whereas much research has been carried out to date in the field, recent debate has centered around the formal definition of political marketing (O’Shaughnessy 2001). For the purpose of establishing a theoretical foundation from which to move forward, we will use the definition put forward in the preface of the recently published Handbook of Political Marketing, the first formal integration of thinking in the field. Political marketing can be defined as “ the application of marketing principles and procedures in political campaigns by various individuals and organizations. The procedures involved include the analysis, development, execution, and management of strategic campaigns by candidates, political parties, governments, lobbyists and interest groups that seek to drive public opinion, advance their own ideologies, win elections, and pass legislation and referenda in response to the needs and wants of selected people and groups in a society” (Newman, 1999, p. xiii).