Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of Selaginellaceae: There is value in morphology after all!

PREMISE OF THE STUDY The cosmopolitan lycophyte family Selaginellaceae, dating back to the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous, is notorious for its many species with a seemingly undifferentiated gross morphology. This morphological stasis has for a long time hampered our understanding of the evolutionary history of the single genus Selaginella. Here we present a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of Selaginella, and based on the resulting phylogeny, we discuss morphological evolution in the group. METHODS We sampled about one-third of the approximately 750 recognized Selaginella species. Evolutionary relationships were inferred from both chloroplast (rbcL) and single-copy nuclear gene data (pgiC and SQD1) using a Bayesian inference approach. The morphology of the group was studied and important features mapped onto the phylogeny. KEY RESULTS We present an overall well-supported phylogeny of Selaginella, and the phylogenetic positions of some previously problematic taxa (i.e., S. sinensis and allies) are now resolved with strong support. We show that even though the evolution of most morphological characters involves reversals and/or parallelisms, several characters are phylogenetically informative. Seven major clades are identified, which each can be uniquely diagnosed by a suite of morphological features. There is value in morphology after all! CONCLUSIONS Our hypothesis of the evolutionary relationships of Selaginella is well founded based on DNA sequence data, as well as morphology, and is in line with previous findings. It will serve as a firm basis for further studies on Selaginella with respect to, e.g., the poorly known alpha taxonomy, as well as evolutionary questions such as historical biogeographic reconstructions.
COMPLIMENTS GIVEN BY A TEACHER IN SYMPHPNIA MUSIC SCHOOL SURABAYA TO HIGH-, MID-, AND LOW-ABILITY STUDENTS

This research aimed at observing compliment and non-compliment feedbacks between a teacher at a private music school and her students who had different abilities. The data were the recorded piano lesson of each student and the analysis was focused on the compliments and exchange structures as directed by Holmes (1988) and Coulthart (1992). The findings showed that all students received more compliments than non-compliments. For the compliment, all types of student received ‘Good’ token the most. On the second place high-ability student received ‘Very Good’, while mid- and low-ability student got mitigation. As for the non-compliment feedback, high- and low-ability student got criticism the most and it was found that the frequency of no feedback in mid-ability student occured the most.
Adapting training for older employees

Purpose – The workforce is aging in all industrialized nations and the retention of older workers will become one of the dominant issues in the coming decades. Training is an important component of retention and the availability of training is critical for retaining older workers. Design/methodology/approach – Studies conducted in 2001 and 2003 assessed the extent to which Canadian organizations are adapting their training practices to respond to the aging workforce. Human resource executives were asked the extent to which their organization was currently engaging in training practices targeting older managerial and professional employees.Findings – Organizations were most likely to be providing access to training and retraining, but fewer than 10 percent of the organizations in 2003 were highly engaged in doing this. Organizations were less likely to be adjusting training methods to accommodate the needs of older employees. There was little attempt to provide age awareness training to managers of older e.
Play, Learning and the Early Childhood Curriculum

List of figures About the Author Preface A Note from the Author Add-on Material Understanding Play: Complexity and Challenge Understanding Children's Learning: Contemporary Theoretical Perspectives Play in National Policies: International Perspectives Play and the Curriculum Play and Pedagogy Play and Learning in Outdoor Environments Assessing Children's Learning in Play Developing Play Appendix Bibliography Author index Subject index
Remarks on High-Resolution Split Schemes Computation

The high-resolution generalized Riemann problem (GRP) conservation laws scheme for compressible flows combined with Strang-type operator splitting is applied to computing an initial value problem having a discontinuous initial data. Imperfect representation of the initial data on the Cartesian grid, where the smooth curve of discontinuity is approximated by a jagged line, gives rise to spurious waves when using high-resolution integration with operator splitting. The nature of these waves is clarified by comparison to a one-dimensional model. We demonstrate that it is not the operator splitting that gives rise to these waves, but rather the better quality of the hyperbolic (one-dimensional) solver, which is not degraded by the operator splitting. It is expected that this property of retaining sharp features of initial data will also be produced by other second-order conservation laws schemes.
Clustering of Urokinase Receptors (uPAR; CD87) Induces Proinflammatory Signaling in Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils1

Leukocytes use urokinase receptors (uPAR; CD87) in adhesion, migration, and proteolysis of matrix proteins. Typically, uPAR clusters at cell-substratum interfaces, at focal adhesions, and at the leading edges of migrating cells. This study was undertaken to determine whether uPAR clustering mediates activation signaling in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Cells were labeled with fluo-3/AM to quantitate intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) by spectrofluorometry, and uPAR was aggregated by Ab cross-linking. Aggregating uPAR induced a highly reproducible increase in [Ca2+]i (baseline to peak) of 295 ± 37 nM (p = 0.0002). Acutely treating cells with high m.w. urokinase (HMW-uPA; 4000 IU/ml) produced a response of similar magnitude but far shorter duration. Selectively aggregating uPA-occupied uPAR produced smaller increases in [Ca2+]i, but saturating uPAR with HMW-uPA increased the response to approximate that of uPAR cross-linking. Cross-linking uPAR induced rapid and significant increases in membrane expression of CD11b and increased degranulation (release of β-glucuronidase and lactoferrin) to a significantly greater degree than cross-linking control Abs. The magnitude of degranulation correlated closely with the difference between baseline and peak [Ca2+]i, but was not dependent on the state of uPA occupancy. By contrast, selectively cross-linking uPA-occupied uPAR was capable of directly inducing superoxide release as well as enhancing FMLP-stimulated superoxide release. These results could not be duplicated by preferentially cross-linking unoccupied uPAR. We conclude that uPAR aggregation initiates activation signaling in polymorphonuclear neutrophils through at least two distinct uPA-dependent and uPA-independent pathways, increasing their proinflammatory potency (degranulation and oxidant release) and altering expression of CD11b/CD18 to favor a firmly adherent phenotype.
Efficient Placement Schemes to Fully Utilize Peer Upstream Bandwidth

Efficiently utilizing limited peer upstream bandwidth is one of key challenges in P2P streaming. Many mechanisms have been proposed to address this issue by considering peer availability, data redundancy, and priority encoding schemes. In this paper, we investigate this issue from a unique aspect: how to place video data at peers with various upstream capacities in order to better utilize their upstream bandwidth. We propose several effective placement solutions. Our analysis and simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed solutions.
Excessive meat consumption in Brazil: diet quality and environmental impacts

Abstract Objective To evaluate red and processed meat intake, and the impact meat consumption has on diet quality and the environment. Design A large cross-sectional health survey performed in São Paulo, Brazil. Setting Diet was assessed by two 24 h dietary recalls. Usual intakes were calculated using the Multiple Source Method. The World Cancer Research Fund recommendation of an average of 71·4 g/d was used as the cut-off point to estimate excessive red and processed meat consumption. To investigate the relationship between meat consumption and diet quality we used the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. The environmental impact was analysed according to estimates of CO2 equivalent emissions from meat consumption. Subjects Brazilians (n 1677) aged 19 years and older were studied. Results The mean red and processed meat intake was 138 g/d for men and 81 g/d for women. About 81 % of men and 58 % of women consumed more meat than recommended. Diet quality was inversely associated with excessive meat intake in men. In Brazil alone, greenhouse gas emissions from meat consumption, in 2003, were estimated at approximately 18 071 988 tonnes of CO2 equivalents, representing about 4 % of the total CO2 emitted by agriculture. Conclusions The excessive meat intake, associated with poorer diet quality observed, support initiatives and policies advising to reduce red and processed meat intake to within the recommended amounts, as part of a healthy and environmentally sustainable diet.
Limited terminal transferase in human DNA polymerase μ defines the required balance between accuracy and efficiency in NHEJ

DNA polymerase mu (Polμ) is a family X member implicated in DNA repair, with template-directed and terminal transferase (template-independent) activities. It has been proposed that the terminal transferase activity of Polμ can be specifically required during non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) to create or increase complementarity of DNA ends. By site-directed mutagenesis in human Polμ, we have identified a specific DNA ligand residue (Arg387) that is responsible for its limited terminal transferase activity compared to that of human TdT, its closest homologue (42% amino acid identity). Polμ mutant R387K (mimicking TdT) displayed a large increase in terminal transferase activity, but a weakened interaction with ssDNA. That paradox can be explained by the regulatory role of Arg387 in the translocation of the primer from a non-productive E:DNA complex to a productive E:DNA:dNTP complex in the absence of a templating base, which is probably the rate limiting step during template-independent synthesis. Further, we show that the Polμ switch from terminal transferase to templated insertions in NHEJ reactions is triggered by recognition of a 5′-P at a second DNA end, whose 3′-protrusion could provide a templating base to facilitate such a special “pre-catalytic translocation step. ” These studies shed light on the mechanism by which a rate-limited terminal transferase activity in Polμ could regulate the balance between accuracy and necessary efficiency, providing some variability during NHEJ.
Development of efficient brain computer interface (BCI) system for stroke rehabilitation

This is an extended abstract describing the doctoral research on mentioned topic which is only to discuss the research in Ph.D symposium at INMIC 2014 conference. Proposed research and material presented in this extended abstract was also presented in the doctoral consortium at IMTIC 2013 at MUET, Pakistan and WEC 2013 conference at NUST Islamabad, Pakistan. This article is not intended to be published as conference paper in the conference proceedings.
Methylphenidate treatment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid social phobia

The aim of this study was to assess the response of social phobia (SP) symptoms to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty-one ADHD patients with SP, aged between 8 and 18 years, received 12 weeks of MPH treatment. The severity of SP symptoms were assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA), and the severity of ADHD symptoms was assessed by the ADHD Rating Scale at baseline and at endpoint. MPH treatment was associated with a significant decrease in the ADHD Rating Scale scores (P<0.0001) and in the total LSAS-CA scores (P=0.013), as well as the school-related items of LSAS-CA (P=0.011). A significant correlation was found between the reductions in ADHD score and total LSAS-CA score (P=0.038), especially in school-related SP. The improvement in ADHD symptoms because of MPH treatment correlates with a parallel improvement in SP. MPH treatment appears to be safe and effective in ADHD/SP children.
Improving induction decision trees with parallel genetic programming

A parallel genetic programming approach to induce decision trees in large data sets is presented. A population of trees is evolved by employing the genetic operators and every individual is evaluated by using a fitness function based on the J-measure. The method is able to deal with large data sets since it uses a parallel implementation of genetic programming through the grid model. Experiments on data sets from the UCI machine learning repository show better results with respect to C5. Furthermore, performance results show a nearly linear speedup.
Cognition and Conditionals: Probability and Logic in Human Thinking

The conditional, if.then, is probably the most important term in natural language and forms the core of systems of logic and mental representation. It occurs in all human languages and allows people to express their knowledge of the causal or law-like structure of the world and of others' behaviour, e.g., if you turn the key the car starts, if John walks the dog he stops for a pint of beer; to make promises, e.g., if you cook tonight, I'll wash up all week; to regulate behaviour, e.g., if you are drinking beer, you must be over 18 years of age; to suggest what would have happened had things been different, e.g., if the match had been dry it would have lit, among many other possible uses. The way in which the conditional is modelled also determines the core of most logical systems. Unsurprisingly, it is also the most researched expression in the psychology of human reasoning. Cognition and Conditionals is the first volume for over 20 years (On Conditionals, 1986, CUP) that brings together recent developments in the cognitive science and psychology of conditional reasoning. Over the last 10 to 15 years, research on conditionals has come to dominate the psychology of reasoning providing a rich seam of results that have created new theoretical possibilities. This book shows how these developments have led researchers to view people's conditional reasoning behaviour more as succesful probabilistic reasoning rather than as errorful logical reasoning. It shows how the multifarious, and apparently competing, theoretical positions developed over the last 50 years in this area - mental logics, mental models, heuristic approaches, dual process theory, and probabilistic approaches-have responded to these insights. Its organisation reflects the view that an integrative approach is emerging that may need to exploit aspects of all these theoretical positions to explain the rich and complex phenomenon of reasoning with conditionals. It includes an introductory chapter relating the development of the psychology of reasoning to developments in the logic and semantics of the conditional. It also includes chapters by many of the leading figures in this field. Cognition and Conditionals will be a valuable resource for cognitive scientists, psychologists and philosophers interested how people actually reason with conditionals.
Fatores causais e profilaxia da disfonia na prática docente

A disfonia ou popularmente conhecida como “rouquidao” e um sintoma prevalente entre professores. Refere-se a doencas relacionadas a disturbio na fonacao. A etiologia e multifatorial na pratica docente. Os principais fatores de risco estao associados as condicoes inadequadas no trabalho ou a ausencia de capacitacao para o uso profissional da voz. Os maleficios do etilismo e do tabagismo para as pregas vocais podem estar intensificados para aqueles que utilizam a voz como instrumento de trabalho. Alergia ambiental, comum na populacao em geral, pode agravar um quadro de disfonia. As medidas de prevencao basica, orientacao e tratamento adequado, para os casos de doencas nas pregas vocais, devem ser o objetivo mais importante nas politicas de saude publica para esse importante problema ocupacional. Palavras-chave : disfonia, professor, desordens vocais. Causal factors and prophylaxis of the dysphonia in teaching practices Abstract The dysphonia or popularly knowed as “hoarseness” is a prevalent symptom among teachers. It refers to diseases related to disturbance in the phonation. The etiology is multifactorial, and the main risk factors are associated to the inadequate work conditions or absence of capacitating to the voice professional use. Others risk factors, common in the general population to dysphonia, are the smoke and the alcohol. The basic prevention measures and an adequate treatment for the cases of vocal fold diseases have to be the most important objective in public health policies for this important occupational problem. Key-words : dysphonia, teachers, voice Disorders.
Magnetic nanoparticles for gene and drug delivery

Investigations of magnetic micro- and nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery began over 30 years ago. Since that time, major progress has been made in particle design and synthesis techniques, however, very few clinical trials have taken place. Here we review advances in magnetic nanoparticle design, in vitro and animal experiments with magnetic nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery, and clinical trials of drug targeting.
The quality of information on monitoring for haematological adverse drug reactions.

AIMS To examine the adequacy of instructions to monitor for haematological adverse drug reactions in the Summary of Product Characteristics. METHODS We searched the United Kingdom eMedicines Compendium to identify instructions to monitor for haematological adverse drug reactions, and selected 84 Summaries of Product Characteristics for nonhaematological drugs, which were then scored independently by five clinicians, using a scale we devised, the Systematic Instructions for Monitoring (SIM) score. A subset of comparable summaries from Australian and United States summaries was also examined. RESULTS The SIM scores for the five clinicians agreed well: Kendall's coefficient of concordance = 0.937, P < 0.0001. The median SIM score for the 84 UK summaries was 13 [95% confidence interval (CI) for median 12, 15] out of a possible 31. Over 40% fell below a hypothetical minimally acceptable score of 12/31. SIM scores were on average 2.0 (95% CI 0.4, 3.8) higher for Australian summaries; US summaries had intermediate scores that did not significantly differ from those in Australia or the UK. CONCLUSIONS Instructions on monitoring for adverse drug reactions are often inadequate. Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies should produce clear guidance on monitoring, and the data to support it.
‘I didn't know other people existed who hear voices…’ – qualitative perceptions of a hearing voices group for people with learning disabilities

Accessible summary We ran a new group for people with learning disabilities who heard voices. We interviewed people who came to the group to see whether they liked the group. We also interviewed people who decided not to come to the group, to find out why. We also asked family members and professionals what they thought about the group. People thought the group would help them cope with their voices. People who came enjoyed meeting other people who heard voices. We found that some things stopped people coming to the group. We want to change these things for the next group so that more people will be able to come. Summary Group work for people who experience voice hearing in the mainstream population has been shown to have various benefits; however, there is little research describing hearing voices groups for people with learning disabilities. This study describes perceptions of a new hearing voices group for people with mild learning disabilities. Semi-structured interviews with twelve participants were conducted. This included three clients who attended the hearing voices group, three of their family members/carers and one professional. In addition, of those who were referred to the group but chose not to attend, one client, two family members/carers and two professionals were interviewed. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was used to identify three overarching themes; the first ‘benefits of our hearing voices group’ described participants’ evaluations and perceptions of the hearing voices group. The second ‘making the decision to attend’ covers factors that influence clients when deciding whether or not to attend a hearing voices group. In the final theme ‘positive and negative contributors to the voice-hearing experience’, participants reflected on factors that affect the voice-hearing experience. The hearing voices group was valued by participants; however, services should consider the barriers to attendance faced by some clients. Strategies for addressing these are discussed.
Microorganisms, mineral surfaces, and aquatic environments: Learning from the past for future progress

The interactions between the geosphere and the biosphere are central questions in environmental and geological research. The relationship between bacteria and their environment is an important example of these interactions. By studying microbial communities in modern environments, it is possible to understand the underlying mechanisms that shape these environments and apply this knowledge to the rock record. Recently, new experimental and theoretical methods, ranging from nano‐ and biotechnology to mathematical and conceptual modelling, have come into play. Thus, new opportunities for interdisciplinary research in the field of geobiology have emerged. In this paper, we review aspects of state‐of‐the‐art imaging and modelling techniques and propose a research concept linking the experimental and the theoretical approaches.
Effects of attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy model factors on regular mammography performance in life-transition aged women in Korea.

BACKGROUND This study analyzed predictors of regular mammography performance in Korea. In addition, we determined factors affecting regular mammography performance in life-transition aged women by applying an attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy (ASE) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from women aged over 40 years residing in province J in Korea. The 178 enrolled subjects provided informed voluntary consent prior to completing a structural questionnaire. RESULTS The overall regular mammography performance rate of the subjects was 41.6%. Older age, city residency, high income and part-time job were associated with a high regular mammography performance. Among women who had undergone more breast self-examinations (BSE) or more doctors' physical examinations (PE), there were higher regular mammography performance rates. All three ASE model factors were significantly associated with regular mammography performance. Women with a high level of positive ASE values had a significantly high regular mammography performance rate. Within the ASE model, self-efficacy and social influence were particularly important. Logistic regression analysis explained 34.7% of regular mammography performance and PE experience (β=4.645, p=.003), part- time job (β=4.010, p=.050), self-efficacy (β=1.820, p=.026) and social influence (β=1.509, p=.038) were significant factors. CONCLUSIONS Promotional strategies that could improve self-efficacy, reinforce social influence and reduce geographical, time and financial barriers are needed to increase the regular mammography performance rate in life-transition aged.