Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 130 nm CMOS LNA for 30 GHz applications

This paper presents the design of a 30 GHz low noise amplifier in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The amplifier is based on a cascode topology. The circuit uses autotransformers in the input and output matching networks. This design approach eliminates the necessity of the use of source degeneration and allows obtaining an ultra compact LNA. The amplifier presents a forward gain (S21) of 7.4 dB at 30 GHz with a bandwidth of 10 GHz, input and output VSWRs better than 1.22:1 and a noise figure of 3.7 dB. The LNA is unconditionally stable and consumes only 7 mW when supplied with 1.2 V. The amplifier fits an area of 0.08 mm2, which is one of the smallest areas reported.
Analysis of Decorrelation Caused by Mast Oscillation in Spaceborne Dual-Antenna InSAR

The antenna mast oscillation in the spaceborne dual-antenna interferometric SAR system will directly degrade the height accuracy. The decorrelation caused by mast oscillation is attributed to the relative shift and the beam centre shift of the outboard antenna. The transfer function of InSAR system and the coherence coefficient considering the effects of mast oscillation are derived. Theoretical and numerical analyses show the influence of amplitude and frequency of mast oscillation oh the coherence of image pair. Finally, the validity of the analysis is demonstrated by the simulation results
A Multiple-Channel Model of Task-Dependent Ambiguity Resolution in Sentence Comprehension

Traxler, Pickering, and Clifton (1998) found that ambiguous sentences are read faster than their unambiguous counterparts. This so-called ambiguity advantage has presented a major challenge to classical theories of human sentence comprehension (parsing) because its most prominent explanation, in the form of the unrestricted race model (URM), assumes that parsing is non-deterministic. Recently, Swets, Desmet, Clifton, and Ferreira (2008) have challenged the URM. They argue that readers strategically underspecify the representation of ambiguous sentences to save time, unless disambiguation is required by task demands. When disambiguation is required, however, readers assign sentences full structure--and Swets et al. provide experimental evidence to this end. On the basis of their findings, they argue against the URM and in favor of a model of task-dependent sentence comprehension. We show through simulations that the Swets et al. data do not constitute evidence for task-dependent parsing because they can be explained by the URM. However, we provide decisive evidence from a German self-paced reading study consistent with Swets et al.'s general claim about task-dependent parsing. Specifically, we show that under certain conditions, ambiguous sentences can be read more slowly than their unambiguous counterparts, suggesting that the parser may create several parses, when required. Finally, we present the first quantitative model of task-driven disambiguation that subsumes the URM, and we show that it can explain both Swets et al.'s results and our findings.
Isolation and characterization of posteriorly restricted genes in the zebrafish gastrula

In order to understand anteroposterior axis formation in vertebrates, we have used subtractive hybridization to clone genes expressed posteriorly in the zebrafish gastrula‐stage embryo. Here we report the initial characterization of eight clones isolated from this screen. We find that all eight genes are expressed in posteriorly restricted domains, suggesting that they are involved in regulating posterior development during zebrafish embryogenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family cohesion and the loneliness of adolescents from temporarily disconnected families due to economic migration

: The paper reports the results of a comparative analysis of the two groups students coming from temporarily disconnected families due to foreign work parents (TDF, n = 68; male = 30, female = 38) and teenagers with the same social environment (NDF, n = 179, male = 89, female = 90), but without the experience of separation time (N= 247). The subject of the analysis was: the cohesion of a family from the perspective of the evaluated adolescent and three factors of psychological loneliness: social loneliness (sense of social marginalization and isolation), emotional loneliness (solitude) and existential loneliness (sense of self-alienation). The Loneliness Scale (SBS) was used based on an original concept of multidimensional sense of loneliness. The questionnaire for the survey of family cohesion (KSR) were used too. The age (12-14 and 15-17), gender, family structure and the family lifestyle were controlled. Obtained results revealed significantly lower cohesion and significantly higher existential loneliness in group of teenagers from temporarily disconnected families (TDF). Not confirmed the supposition that made in earlier studies of temporarily disconnected families due to economic migration, that these teenagers suffer from a sense of emotional loneliness There has also confirmed the belief that the level of family cohesion and a sense of loneliness in adolescents is associated with atypical organization of family life associated with the duration of migration of parent/parents, frequency of contact with family members working abroad: mothers, fathers or broth parents, the duration of stays at home.
CONTROL OF COCCIDIOSIS AND DIFFERENT COCCIDIA OF CHICKEN IN SELECTED TECHNOLOGIES USED IN TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS

Coccidia are common protozoan parasites. In the past, most broiler producers have controlled coccidiosis by providing anticoccidial drugs in poultry feed, this approach is becoming less desirable in light of growing public concern about food safety. Presently, vaccination consist of infecting young poultry with a known dose of live coccidian parasites. This vaccination will immunize poultry against the disease, The probiotic (Enterococcus faecium) is a common component of intestinal microbial of normal human and animals. The objectives of this study are: to compare the effect of additive and nonadditive of probiotic feed supplement (Enteroccus faecium) in the: diet contains anticoccidia on performance of broiler, diet without anticoccidia or vaccine (control) on performance of broiler, diet contains coccidia vaccine on performance of broiler.
Is in vitro fertilisation more effective than stimulated intrauterine insemination as a first‐line therapy for subfertility? A cohort analysis

Objective: To compare a strategy of two cycles of intrauterine insemination with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (IUI/COH) vs one in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment programme (one fresh plus associated frozen embryo cycles) in couples presenting with unexplained, mild male or mild female subfertility.
Beamformer-based Acquisition in MIMO-CDMA Communication Systems

This paper proposes the code acquisition scheme on a MIMO channel for preamble search in a MIMO-CDMA uplink system. The performance of a ML code acquisition technique based on transmit and receive beamforming is analyzed by considering the detection probability. The acquisition performance and MAT for a MIMO code acquisition system are numerically evaluated. It is shown that the multiple transmit antennas can give the code acquisition system a transmit beamforming gain and result in much better performance than the corresponding scheme with a SIMO case.
State Price Density, Esscher Transforms, and Pricing Options on Stocks, Bonds, and Foreign Exchange Rates

Abstract The state price density is modeled as an exponential function of the underlying state variables, and the Esscher transform is used to specify the forward-risk-adjusted measure. With the aid of state price densities, Esscher transforms, and characteristic functions, this paper provides a consistent framework for pricing options on stocks, interest rates, and foreign exchange rates. The framework discussed is quite general and is related to many popular models.
Failure to Censor Forbidden Clones of CD4 T Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes and other organ-specific autoimmune diseases often cluster together in human families and in congenic strains of NOD (nonobese diabetic) mice, but the inherited immunoregulatory defects responsible for these diseases are unknown. Here we track the fate of high avidity CD4 T cells recognizing a self-antigen expressed in pancreatic islet β cells using a transgenic mouse model. T cells of identical specificity, recognizing a dominant peptide from the same islet antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presenting molecule, were followed on autoimmune susceptible and resistant genetic backgrounds. We show that non-MHC genes from the NOD strain cause a failure to delete these high avidity autoreactive T cells during their development in the thymus, with subsequent spontaneous breakdown of CD4 cell tolerance to the islet antigen, formation of intra-islet germinal centers, and high titre immunoglobulin G1 autoantibody production. In mixed bone marrow chimeric animals, defective thymic deletion was intrinsic to T cells carrying diabetes susceptibility genes. These results demonstrate a primary failure to censor forbidden clones of self-reactive T cells in inherited susceptibility to organ-specific autoimmune disease, and highlight the importance of thymic mechanisms of tolerance in organ-specific tolerance.
FTB-1644 ) Production of Inulinases : Recent Advances

Inulinases constitute an important class of enzymes for production of fructose and fructooligosaccharides, which are extensively used in pharmaceutical and food industry. The production of inulinases has been reported from various fungal, yeast and bacterial strains. The inulinases characterized until now show considerable variability with respect to biophysical and biochemical characteristics. High temperature optimum and thermostability are two important criteria which determine the suitability of these enzymes for industrial applications. Inulinases with high thermostability from strains of Aspergillus spp. and thermophilic bacteria have been reported. Molecular cloning of inulinase genes from different sources has revealed that beside conserved domains, the endoand exo-acting inulinases show motifs which are distinct for the two classes of enzymes. The present article reviews some of the recent advances in the production and characterization of inulinases from different microbes and their possible applications.
Reconsidering the Use of Autoregressive Latent Trajectory (ALT) Models

The simultaneous estimation of autoregressive (simplex) structures and latent trajectories, so called ALT (autoregressive latent trajectory) models, is becoming an increasingly popular approach to the analysis of change. Although historically autoregressive (AR) and latent growth curve (LGC) models have been developed quite independently from each other, the underlying pattern of change is often highly similar. In this article it is shown that their integration rests on the strong assumption that neither the AR part nor the LGC part contains any misspecification. In practice, however, this assumption is often violated due to nonlinearity in the LGC part. As a consequence, the autoregressive (simplex) process incorrectly accounts for part of this nonlinearity, thus rendering any substantive interpretation of parameter estimates virtually impossible. Accordingly, researchers are advised to exercise extreme caution when using ALT models in practice. All arguments are illustrated by empirical data on skill acquisition, and a simulation study is provided to investigate the conditions and consequences of mistaking nonlinear growth curve patterns as autoregressive processes.
HapIso: An Accurate Method for the Haplotype-Specific Isoforms Reconstruction from Long Single-Molecule Reads

Sequencing of RNA provides the possibility to study an individual’s transcriptome landscape and determine allelic expression ratios. Single-molecule protocols generate multi-kilobase reads longer than most transcripts allowing sequencing of complete haplotype isoforms. This allows partitioning the reads into two parental haplotypes. While the read length of the single-molecule protocols is long, the relatively high error rate limits the ability to accurately detect the genetic variants and assemble them into the haplotype-specific isoforms. In this paper, we present HapIso (Haplotype-specific Isoform Reconstruction), a method able to tolerate the relatively high error-rate of the single-molecule platform and partition the isoform reads into the parental alleles. Phasing the reads according to the allele of origin allows our method to efficiently distinguish between the read errors and the true biological mutations. HapIso uses a k-means clustering algorithm aiming to group the reads into two meaningful clusters maximizing the similarity of the reads within cluster and minimizing the similarity of the reads from different clusters. Each cluster corresponds to a parental haplotype. We use family pedigree information to evaluate our approach. Experimental validation suggests that HapIso is able to tolerate the relatively high error-rate and accurately partition the reads into the parental alleles of the isoform transcripts. Furthermore, our method is the first method able to reconstruct the haplotype-specific isoforms from long single-molecule reads. The open source Python implementation of HapIso is freely available for download at https://github.com/smangul1/HapIso/
A vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery

Intracellular delivery of macromolecules is a challenge in research and therapeutic applications. Existing vector-based and physical methods have limitations, including their reliance on exogenous materials or electrical fields, which can lead to toxicity or off-target effects. We describe a microfluidic approach to delivery in which cells are mechanically deformed as they pass through a constriction 30–80% smaller than the cell diameter. The resulting controlled application of compression and shear forces results in the formation of transient holes that enable the diffusion of material from the surrounding buffer into the cytosol. The method has demonstrated the ability to deliver a range of material, such as carbon nanotubes, proteins, and siRNA, to 11 cell types, including embryonic stem cells and immune cells. When used for the delivery of transcription factors, the microfluidic devices produced a 10-fold improvement in colony formation relative to electroporation and cell-penetrating peptides. Indeed, its ability to deliver structurally diverse materials and its applicability to difficult-to-transfect primary cells indicate that this method could potentially enable many research and clinical applications.
The role of intelligence in the process of management

Leadership is one of the most important management functions (planning, organization, personnel management, leadership, control). For the management process is very important, among other things, the role of intelligence, as a part of intellectual capital. Intelligence is one of man's ability, which allows him to properly understand things and phenomena in the life and in the world, therefore to detect the proper place and to solve problems and has a clear and realistic vision of development. Intelligence is the foundation of wisdom, which is the ultimate stage in the development of intelligence, i.e. maturation of leader. The author discusses the different forms of intelligence: natural intelligence, rational intelligence, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, spiritual intelligence, cultural intelligence, business intelligence, artificial intelligence. Each of them, in turn, contributes to the quality of leadership, and need to be comprehensively developed and used.
Endothelium‐dependent frequency modulation of Ca2+ signalling in individual vascular smooth muscle cells of the rat

1 We visualized intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes, using fluo‐3 as an indicator, of individual vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells within intact rat tail arteries by confocal microscopy. 2 Using a piezo‐driven objective, we focused on endothelial and smooth muscle cell layers alternately to obtain Ca2+ images of their cells. In the presence of 1 μm acetylcholine (ACh), individual endothelial cells responded with intermittent increases in the [Ca2+]i (Ca2+ oscillations). At the same time, the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells induced by electrical stimulation of the perivascular sympathetic nerve was greatly decreased. 3 A [Ca2+]i rise during the oscillations in the endothelial cells propagated in the form of a wave along the long axis of the cells. 4 In the presence of a NO synthase inhibitor, no significant inhibitory effect of ACh on the Ca2+ signalling in the vascular smooth muscle cells was detected, although the Ca2+ oscillations in the endothelial cells persisted. 5 The inhibitory effect of ACh on the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in the vascular smooth muscle cells was mimicked by 1 μm sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor. 6 These results indicate that Ca2+ waves and oscillations in vascular endothelial cells regulate NO production, which modulates vascular tone by decreasing the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells activated by sympathetic agonists.
Review : Use of Animal Fats in Aquaculture Feeds

Formulated aquaculture feeds are among the most expensive animal feeds on the market. These feeds are often high in lipids, the bulk of which is generally provided by fish oil. Because of its high cost and potential long-term supply problems, it is now widely acknowledged that fish oil should be used more sparingly in aquafeeds. Rendered animal fats are economical lipid sources that have been used in fish feeds for decades but their use has been greatly limited for various reasons, such as poor digestibility and nutritive value, and more recently, fear of disease transmission. Recent studies have indicated that rendered animal fats can be valuable ingredients in fish feeds. Incorporation levels equal to 30-40% of total lipid of the diet do not impose any negative effects on growth performance, feed efficiency, and product quality of most fish species studied. However, the diet must contain sufficient levels of unsaturated fatty acids (mono and polyunsaturated) to allow for proper digestibility of saturated fatty acids, and, obviously, meet essential fatty acid requirements of the fish. The use of rendered animal fats at the expenses of fish oil in aquafeeds could immediately result in significant savings for feed manufacturers.
High Resolution Trichromatic Road Surface Scanning with a Line Scan Camera and Light Emitting Diode Lighting for Road-Kill Detection

This paper presents a road surface scanning system that operates with a trichromatic line scan camera with light emitting diode (LED) lighting achieving road surface resolution under a millimeter. It was part of a project named Roadkills—Intelligent systems for surveying mortality of amphibians in Portuguese roads, sponsored by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation. A trailer was developed in order to accommodate the complete system with standalone power generation, computer image capture and recording, controlled lighting to operate day or night without disturbance, incremental encoder with 5000 pulses per revolution attached to one of the trailer wheels, under a meter Global Positioning System (GPS) localization, easy to utilize with any vehicle with a trailer towing system and focused on a complete low cost solution. The paper describes the system architecture of the developed prototype, its calibration procedure, the performed experimentation and some obtained results, along with a discussion and comparison with existing systems. Sustained operating trailer speeds of up to 30 km/h are achievable without loss of quality at 4096 pixels’ image width (1 m width of road surface) with 250 µm/pixel resolution. Higher scanning speeds can be achieved by lowering the image resolution (120 km/h with 1 mm/pixel). Computer vision algorithms are under development to operate on the captured images in order to automatically detect road-kills of amphibians.
An injection-locked ring PLL with self-aligned injection window

In modern analog front-ends, there is an increasing demand on high-performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), which require high sampling frequency and low-jitter sampling clock. This makes low-jitter phase-locked loops (PLLs) with jitter on the order of few picoseconds desirable. Unfortunately, due to stringent limit on die area, sometimes a PLL with a ring oscillator is the only choice. To get better phase noise, a wider loop bandwidth is needed to suppress the noise of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). However, due to the discrete-time nature of the operations, the loop bandwidth is limited to one-tenth of the crystal oscillator (XTAL) frequency. One way to solve this problem is to use the injection-locking technique. This method exploits the clean reference clock but has several production problems. One is the frequency offset between injection signal and VCO, and this can be solved by using the injection-locked PLL architecture [1, 2]. However, in [1, 2] extra loops are still needed to adjust the injection window due to on-chip variations. In this work, an injection-locked ring PLL (ILRPLL) architecture is proposed to solve this problem. Using the concept of sub-sampling PLLs [3], the injection window is aligned automatically without feedback adjustment. A 432MHz ILRPLL is realized in ATV/DTV system to justify this technique.
The psychological effects of videogames on young people: A review

Research has indicated that most young people spend more time watching screen media than in any other activity apart from sleeping (Strasberg, 2004). In Ireland, a large longitudinal study of children has indicated that over half of nine-year old children are playing videogames daily, while the international adolescence literature indicates that the rate of game play is growing year on year (Gentile, 2008). There is a concern that the effects of videogame playing are larger than the effects observed with television and film viewing (Anderson, Gentile & Buckley, 2007), and that children and young people may be at a greater risk of negative effects as a consequence of exposure to violent videogames. This literature review aims to explore the role and impact of videogames in the lives of young people within a technological society, and how this impact can occur. The exposure of young people to violent videogames may be viewed within the context of risk factors for the development of aggression, and as such an understanding of the research within this area may be paramount to allow a full consideration of levels of “exposure” to such a risk. Variables that may impact on the usage and effects of violent video game use are discussed, such as developmental stages, gender, individual characteristics, culture and game structure and content. Recommendations from key research in relation to monitoring of video game usage are also discussed.