Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome scale enzyme-metabolite and drug-target interaction predictions using the signature molecular descriptor

MOTIVATION Identifying protein enzymatic or pharmacological activities are important areas of research in biology and chemistry. Biological and chemical databases are increasingly being populated with linkages between protein sequences and chemical structures. There is now sufficient information to apply machine-learning techniques to predict interactions between chemicals and proteins at a genome scale. Current machine-learning techniques use as input either protein sequences and structures or chemical information. We propose here a method to infer protein-chemical interactions using heterogeneous input consisting of both protein sequence and chemical information. RESULTS Our method relies on expressing proteins and chemicals with a common cheminformatics representation. We demonstrate our approach by predicting whether proteins can catalyze reactions not present in training sets. We also predict whether a given drug can bind a target, in the absence of prior binding information for that drug and target. Such predictions cannot be made with current machine-learning techniques requiring binding information for individual reactions or individual targets.
Histological and anatomical structure of the nasal cavity of Bama minipigs

Objective The nasal mucosa is equipped with abundant lymphatic tissues, serving as the first line of defense against invasion by microorganisms. In this study, we characterized the features of the nasal mucosa of Bama minipigs (Sus scrofa domestica) via histological analysis. Methods Five cross sections (I, II, III, IV, and V) were obtained from the distal end of the nasal cavity toward the pharynx (along the cavity axis) and examined. Specifically, CD3+ T cells, immunoglobulin A (IgA)+ cells, and M cells were detected by immunohistochemistry, while dendritic cells (DCs) were detected by immunofluorescence. The distribution of goblet cells was determined by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Results The nasal cavity of Bama minipigs can be divided into three parts: the regio vestibularis (I, II), regio respiratoria (III, IV), and regio olfactoria (V). Lymphoid tissue was present at random locations in the nasal cavity. Abundant lymphoid tissue was located in the roof of the nasopharyngeal meatus and was continuous with the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx. The distribution of CD3+ T cells, IgA+ cells, M cells, and DCs increased distally in the nasal cavity. Conclusions The present work comprises a histological study of the nasal cavity of Bama minipigs, and will be beneficial for understanding the mechanisms of immunity in these animals after nasal vaccination.
H∞ control for nonlinear systems with output feedback

The basic question of nonlinear H/sup infinity / control theory is to decide, for a given two-port system, when feedback that makes the full system dissipative and internally stable exists. This problem can also be viewed as a question about circuits, and, after translation, also has a game-theoretic statement. Several necessary conditions for solutions to exist are presented, and sufficient conditions for a certain construction to lead to a solution are given. >
A ubiquitous activity-monitor to prevent sedentariness

The Activity Monitor described in this paper is an easy-to-configure context-aware mobile application, capable of estimating and evaluating the user's activity all day long. It relies on fusion strategies for movement and location estimation, which combine acceleration and radio data from in-device and external sensors. The final objective of the Activity Monitor is to deliver adequate context-aware notifications in order to make the user aware of his level of activity. The reasoning process to decide when and how to deliver notifications is fully done in the mobile device by using an embedded reasoner, avoiding privacy issues related to personal sensitive data sharing.
Thick shells and stars in Majumdar-Papapetrou general relativity

The Majumdar-Papapetrou system is the subset of the Einstein-Maxwell-charged dust matter theory, when the charge of each particle is equal to its mass. Solutions for this system are less difficult to find, in general one does not need even to impose any spatial symmetry a priori. For instance, any number of extreme Reissner-Nordstrom solutions (which in vacuum reduce to extreme Reissner-Nordstrom black holes) located at will is a solution. In matter one can also find solutions with some ease. Here we find an exact solution of the Majumdar-Papapetrou system, a spherically symmetric charged thick shell, with mass m, outer radius r_o, and inner radius r_i. This solution consists of three regions, an inner Minkowski region, a middle region with extreme charged dust matter, and an outer Reissner-Nordstrom region. The matching of the regions, obeying the usual junction conditions for boundary surfaces, is continuous. For vanishing inner radius, one obtains a Bonnor star, whereas for vanishing thickness, one obtains an infinitesimally thin shell. For sufficiently high mass of the thick shell or sufficiently small outer radius, it forms an extreme Reissner-Nordstrom quasi-black hole, i.e., a star whose gravitational properties are virtually indistinguishable from a true extreme black hole. This quasi-black hole has no hair and has a naked horizon, meaning that the Riemann tensor at the horizon on an infalling probe diverges. At the critical value, when the mass is equal to the outer radius, m=r_o, there is no smooth manifold. Above the critical value when m>r_o there is no solution, the shell collapses into a singularity. Systems with m< r_o are neutrally stable. Many of these properties are similar to those of gravitational monopoles.
Mobile Sensor Application for Kinematic Detection of the Knees

Objective To correctly measure the knee joint angle, this study utilized a Qualisys motion capture system and also used it as the reference to assess the validity of the study's Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) system that consisted of four IMU sensors and the Knee Angle Recorder software. The validity was evaluated by the root mean square (RMS) of different angles and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values between the Qualisys system and the IMU system. Methods Four functional knee movement tests for ten healthy participants were investigated, which were the knee flexion test, the hip and knee flexion test, the forward step test and the leg abduction test, and the walking test. Results The outcomes of the knee flexion test, the hip and knee flexion test, the forward step test, and the walking test showed that the RMS of different angles were less than 6°. The ICC values were in the range of 0.84 to 0.99. However, the leg abduction test showed a poor correlation in the measurement of the knee abduction-adduction movement. Conclusion The IMU system used in this study is a new good method to measure the knee flexion-extension movement.
Refractive error detection via group sparse representation

Nowadays large populations worldwide are suffering from eye diseases such as astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia which are caused by ophthalmologically refractive errors. This paper presents an effective approach to computer aided diagnosis of such eye diseases due to ophthalmologically refractive errors. The proposed system consists of two major steps: (1) image segmentation and geometrical feature extraction; (2) group sparse representation based classification. Although image segmentation seems relatively easy and straight forward, it is a challenge task to achieve high accuracy of segmentation for images at poor quality caused by distortion during image digitization. To avoid misclassifications by incomplete information, we propose group sparse representation-based classification scheme to classify low-dimensional data which are partially corrupted. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the new classification scheme with good performance for potential medical applications.
Does the two-chair dialogue intervention facilitate processing of emotions more efficiently than basic Rogerian conditions?

ABSTRACT Processing difficult emotions is assumed to be of importance in therapeutic change. In this study, we examine whether a two-chair dialogue in Emotion-focused Therapy (EFT) is associated with a change in emotional processing, measured as changes in emotional arousal and emotional experiencing. In a multiple baseline design, 20 clients in treatment for depression or anxiety first received five, seven or nine weekly sessions of baseline treatment providing Rogerian conditions and affect attunement. In the second phase, two-chair intervention was added for the five consecutive sessions. All sessions were subdivided into 2 min segments which were rated using the Client Emotional Arousal Scale III and the Experiencing Scale. Analyses indicated a significantly higher number of high-arousal segment in the latter phase. Individual clients’ change trajectories were not significantly steeper in the second phase. Experiencing increased throughout both phases of treatment. However, after introducing the two-chair dialogue the Experiencing change trajectory was not significantly steeper than in the baseline phase. Findings suggest that both the two-chair dialogue and the Rogerian conditions with affect attunement focus are effective in facilitating emotional processing. Results are consistent with previous research, suggesting that the two-chair dialogue is an emotionally evocative intervention. Implications and limitations are discussed.
STAT transcription in the ischemic heart

All seven STAT proteins are expressed in the heart, and in this review we will focus on their contribution to cardiac physiology and to ischemic heart disease and its consequences. A substantial literature has focused on the roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in ischemic heart disease, where, at least in the acute phase, they appear to have a yin-yang relationship. STAT1 contributes to the loss of irreplaceable cardiac myocytes both by increasing apoptosis and by reducing cardioprotective autophagy. In contrast, STAT3 is cardioprotective, since STAT3-deficient mice have larger infarcts following ischemic injury, and a number of cardioprotective agents have been shown to act, at least partly, through STAT3 activation. STAT3 is also absolutely required for preconditioning—a process where periods of brief ischemia protect against a subsequent or previous prolonged ischemic episode. Prolonged activation of STAT3, however, is strongly implicated in the post-infarction remodeling of the heart which leads to heart failure, where, possibly together with STAT5, it augments activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Common Sense of a Mobile Robot and the Consistency of Event Calculus

Looking at the history of Artiicial Intelligence, often theoretical rigor seems inversely proportional to practical applicability. Particularly, in the eld of robotics, there is a gap between the research on knowledge representation and practical robotics. In the present paper, a solution for bridging this gap is intuitively discussed: Shanahan's logical account for a mobile robot. It is presentes also a consistency proof for the axioms about state and change in Shana-han's approach.
Design of a Compact X-Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide Directional Coupler

Abstract— This paper presented the design of four-port network directional coupler at X-band frequency (8.2-12.4 GHz) by using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique. SIW appears few years back which provides an excellent platform in order to design millimeter-wave circuits such as filter, antenna, resonator, coupler and power divider. It offers great compensation for smaller size and can be easily integrated with other planar circuits. The fabrication process can simply be done by using standard Printed Circuit Board (PCB) process where the cost of the manufacturing process will be reduced compared to the conventional waveguide. The directional coupler basically implemented at radar, satellite and point-to-point radio. The simulations for this SIW directional coupler design shows good performances with low insertion loss, low return loss, broad operational bandwidth and have high isolation.
A Review Study of NIST Statistical Test Suite: Development of an indigenous Computer Package

A review study of NIST Statistical Test Suite is undertaken with a motivation to understand all its test algorithms and to write their C codes independently without looking at various sites mentioned in the NIST document. All the codes are tested with the test data given in the NIST document and excellent agreements have been found. The codes have been put together in a package executable in MS Windows platform. Based on the package, exhaustive test runs are executed on three PRNGs, e.g. LCG by Park & Miller, LCG by Knuth and BBSG. Our findings support the present belief that BBSG is a better PRNG than the other two.
Simvastatin Reduces Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Decreasing Neutrophil Recruitment and Radical Formation

Introduction Treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) remains an unsolved problem in intensive care medicine. As simvastatin exerts protective effects in inflammatory diseases we explored its effects on development of ALI and due to the importance of neutrophils in ALI also on neutrophil effector functions. Methods C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to aerosolized LPS (500 µg/ml) for 30 min. The count of alveolar, interstitial, and intravasal neutrophils were assessed 4 h later by flow cytometry. Lung permeability changes were assessed by FITC-dextran clearance and albumin content in the BAL fluid. In vitro, we analyzed the effect of simvastatin on neutrophil adhesion, degranulation, apoptosis, and formation of reactive oxygen species. To monitor effects of simvastatin on bacterial clearance we performed phagocytosis and bacterial killing studies in vitro as well as sepsis experiments in mice. Results Simvastatin treatment before and after onset of ALI reduces neutrophil influx into the lung as well as lung permeability indicating the protective role of simvastatin in ALI. Moreover, simvastatin reduces the formation of ROS species and adhesion of neutrophils without affecting apoptosis, bacterial phagocytosis and bacterial clearance. Conclusion Simvastatin reduces recruitment and activation of neutrophils hereby protecting from LPS-induced ALI. Our results imply a potential role for statins in the management of ALI.
Acquired Control of Ventral Premotor Cortex Activity by Feedback Training

Background. Despite the availability of various options for movement restoration in stroke patients, there is no effective treatment for patients who show little or no functional recovery of upper limb motor function. Objective. The present study explored the feasibility of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging brain–computer interface (fMRI-BCI) as a new tool for rehabilitation of this patient population. Methods. Healthy adults and chronic subcortical stroke patients with residual movement were trained for 3 days to regulate the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), a secondary motor area with extensive anatomic connections with the primary motor cortex. Effect of learned modulation of the PMv was evaluated with BOLD signal changes across training sessions, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and a visuomotor task. Results. fMRI-BCI feedback training showed learning with a significantly increasing BOLD signal in the PMv over sessions. Participants’ capability to learn self-regulation was found to depend linearly on intracortical facilitation and correlated negatively with intracortical inhibition measured by TMS prior to feedback training. After training, intracortical inhibition decreased significantly with the volitional increase of the BOLD response in the PMv, indicating a beneficial effect of self-regulation training on motor cortical output. Conclusion. The study provides first evidence for the therapeutic potential of fMRI-BCI in stroke rehabilitation.
Rough Sets Similarity-Based Learning from Databases

Many data mining algorithms developed recently are based on inductive learning methods. Very few are based on similarity-based learning. However, similarity-based learning accrues advantages, such as simple representations for concept descriptions, low incremental learning costs, small storage requirements, etc. We present a similarity-based learning method from databases in the context of rough set theory. Unlike the previous similarity-based learning methods, which only consider the syntactic distance between instances and treat all attributes equally important in the similarity measure, our method can analyse the attribute in the databases by using rough set theory and identify the relevant attributes to the task attributes. We also eliminate superfluous attributes for the task attribute and assign a weight to the relevant attributes according to their significance to the task attributes. Our similarity measure takes into account the semantic information embedded in the databases.
Compact neighbor discovery: a bandwidth defense through bandwidth optimization

We present a stateless defense against the neighbor discovery denial-of-service (ND-DoS) attack in IPv6. The ND-DoS attack consists of remotely flooding a target subnet with bogus packets destined for random interface identifiers; a different one for each malicious packet. The 128-bit IPv6 address reserves its 64 low-order bits for the interface ID. Consequently, the malicious packets are very likely to fall on previously unresolved addresses and the target access router (or leaf router) is obligated to resolve these addresses by sending neighbor solicitation packets. Neighbor solicitation packets are link layer multicast (or broadcast), and hence also forwarded by bridges. As a consequence, the attack may consume important bandwidth in subnets with wireless bridges, or access points. This problem is particularly important in the presence of mobile IPv6 devices that expect incoming sessions from the Internet. In this case, address resolution is crucial for the access router to reliably deliver incoming sessions to idle mobile devices with unknown MAC addresses. We propose a novel neighbor solicitation technique using Bloom filters. Multiple IPv6 addresses (bogus or real) that are waiting in the access router's address resolution queue are compactly represented using a Bloom filter. By broadcasting a single neighbor solicitation message that carries the Bloom filter, multiple IPv6 addresses are concurrently solicited. Legitimate neighbor solicitation triggering packets are not denied service. An on-link host can detect its address in the received Bloom filter and return its MAC address to the access router. A bandwidth gain around 40 can be achieved in all cells of the target subnet. This approach that we call compact neighbor discovery (CND) is the first bandwidth DoS defense that we are aware of to employ a bandwidth optimization.
The Role of Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Sustainability Transitions: A Conceptual Synthesis against the Background of the Multi-Level Perspective

This paper conceptually synthesizes prior studies on sustainable entrepreneurship against the background of the multi-level perspective. It thereby relates separate streams of literature on sustainable entrepreneurship, sustainability transformations and ecopreneurship, which have previously not been systematically connected and synthesized, to the multi-level perspective. The paper furthermore provides suggestions on how the multi-level perspective can be advanced based on the inspirations of these previously only sparsely-connected streams of literature. Finally, implications for entrepreneurs, academia and politics are presented: means to increase the contribution of sustainable entrepreneurship to sustainability transitions are suggested, and the importance of growth and degrowth is discussed in the context of sustainable entrepreneurship.
Roles of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Organic Anion Transporter 3 in the Vitreous/Retina-to-Blood Efflux Transport of p-Aminohippuric Acid, Benzylpenicillin, and 6-Mercaptopurine

The purpose of the present study was to characterize rat organic anion transporter (Oat) 3 (Oat3, Slc22a8) in the efflux transport at the inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that rat (r) Oat3 mRNA is expressed in retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs), but not rOat1 and rOat2 mRNA. The expression of Oat3 in the retina and human cultured retinal endothelial cells was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining in RVECs showed that rOat3 is colocalized with glucose transporter 1, but not P-glycoprotein, suggesting that rOat3 is possibly located at the abluminal membrane of the RVEC. The contribution of rOat3 to the efflux of [3H]p-aminohippuric acid ([3H]PAH), [3H]benzylpenicillin ([3H]PCG), and [14C]6-mercaptopurine ([14C]6-MP), substrates of rOat3, from the vitreous humor/retina to the circulating blood across the inner BRB was evaluated using the microdialysis method. [3H]PAH, [3H]PCG, [14C]6-MP, and [14C] or [3H]d-mannitol, a bulk flow marker, were biexponentially eliminated from the vitreous humor after vitreous bolus injection. The elimination rate constant of [3H]PAH, [3H]PCG, and [14C]6-MP during the terminal phase was approximately 2-fold greater than that of d-mannitol. This efflux transport was reduced in the retinal presence of probenecid, PAH, and PCG, whereas it was not inhibited by digoxin. In conclusion, rOat3 is expressed at the inner BRB and involved in the vitreous humor/retina-to-blood transport of PAH, PCG, and 6-MP. This transport system is one mechanism to limit the retinal distribution of PAH, PCG, and 6-MP.
A multiple regular expressions matching architecture for network intrusion detection system

Regular expressions are increasingly used in network security applications. Multiple regular expressions matching is one of the most important performance bottlenecks in those systems. This paper proposes a new hardware-based multiple regular-expressions matching architecture, called MRM, for network intrusion detection system. It shows that traditional algorithm, such as AC, has to face the serious spatial explosion problem when simultaneously detecting a large number of regular expressions because of constrained repetitions. MRM utilizes hardware RAM modules to share matching signals and exploits hardware register counting to implement constrained repetitions. This paper also proposes a software compiler to construct the hardware architecture and generate information in MRM's RAMs for the given regular expressions. Experiments in actual snort and bro regular expression sets show that MRM can achieve the high throughput of 2.1 Gbps and 2.8 Gbps on Virtex2 and Virtex4 devices respectively.
The Demand for High-Skilled Workers and Immigration Policy

This Paper provides a descriptive analysis of the demand for high-skilled workers using a new firm dataset, the IZA International Employer Survey 2000. Our results suggest that while workers from EU countries are mainly complements to domestic high-skilled workers, workers from non-EU countries are hired because of a shortage of high-skilled labour. The Paper, furthermore, provides a short description of recent German policy initiatives regarding the temporary immigration of high-skilled labour. In view of our descriptive results these temporary immigration policies seem, however, to satisfy only partly the demand of firms interested in recruiting foreign high-skilled workers. A more comprehensive immigration policy covering also the permanent immigration of high-skilled workers appears to be necessary.