Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The First Low-frequency Radio Observations of the Solar Corona on ≈200 km Long Interferometer Baseline

The angular size of the smallest, compact radio source that can be observed in the solar atmosphere is one of the intriguing questions in low-frequency radio astronomy. This is important to understand density turbulence in the solar corona and the related angular broadening of the radio source sizes. We used a two-element interferometer with a baseline length of ≈200 km, operating at ≈53 MHz to infer the above limit. Our results indicate that radio sources of angular size ≤15″ exist in the solar corona, where radio emission at the above frequency also originates.
Long‐term blood pressure patterns in midlife and dementia in later life: Findings from the Framingham Heart Study

Long‐term blood pressure (BP) measures, such as visit‐to‐visit BP variability (BPV) and cumulative BP, are strong indicators of cardiovascular risks. This study modeled up to 20 years of BP patterns representative of midlife by using BPV and cumulative BP, then examined their associations with development of dementia in later life.
MEDRoP: Memory-Efficient Dynamic Robust PCA

Robust PCA (RPCA) is the problem of separating a given data matrix into the sum of a sparse matrix and a low-rank matrix. The column span of the low-rank matrix gives the PCA solution. Dynamic RPCA is the time-varying extension of RPCA. It assumes that the true data vectors lie in a low-dimensional subspace that can change with time, albeit slowly. The goal is to track this changing subspace over time in the presence of sparse outliers. We propose an algorithm that we call Memory-Efficient Dynamic Robust PCA (MEDRoP). This relies on the recently studied recursive projected compressive sensing (ReProCS) framework for solving dynamic RPCA problems, however, the actual algorithm is significantly different from, and simpler than, previous ReProCS-based methods. The main contribution of this work is a theoretical guarantee that MEDRoP provably solves dynamic RPCA under weakened versions of standard RPCA assumptions, a mild assumption on slow subspace change, and two simple assumptions (a lower bound on most outlier magnitudes and mutual independence of the true data vectors). Our result is important because (i) it removes the strong assumptions needed by the three previous complete guarantees for ReProCS-based algorithms; (ii) it shows that, it is possible to achieve significantly improved outlier tolerance compared to static RPCA solutions by exploiting slow subspace change and a lower bound on most outlier magnitudes; (iii) it is able to track a changed subspace within a delay that is more than the subspace dimension by only logarithmic factors and thus is near-optimal; and (iv) it studies an algorithm that is online (after initialization), fast, and, memory-efficient (its memory complexity is within logarithmic factors of the optimal).
Pneumatosis in cervical fascial space and necrotizing fasciitis of neck

Abstract Backgroud Pneumatosis in the cervical fascial space is a common imaging manifestation of cervical necrotizing fasciitis. At present, although there are some literature reports on pneumatosis in the cervical necrotizing fasciitis, there are few comparative reports. Objective To compare the imaging findings of necrotizing fasciitis of the neck and other cervical space infections, and explore the relationship between pneumatosis in cervical fascial space and necrotizing fasciitis of the neck. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 56 cases of cervical fascia space infection in our department from May 2015 to March 2021, including 22 cases of necrotizing fasciitis and 34 cases of non-necrotizing fasciitis. 22 cases underwent incision, debridement and catheter drainage in the necrotizing fasciitis group. 26 cases underwent incision, debridement and catheter drainage, and 8 cases underwent ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy and catheter drainage in the non-necrotizing fasciitis group. All cases were confirmed by operation or pathological biopsy and took purulent secretions for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test during or after operation. All cases were examined by neck CT or MRI before operation. The previous history of surgical incision or puncture and the rupture of cervical space infection were excluded. Results In 22 cases of necrotizing fasciitis, there were 19 cases had air accumulation in the fascial space (86.4%); In 34 cases of non necrotizing fasciitis, 2 cases had air accumulation in the fascial space (5.9%). There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 36.9141, p < .01). Bacterial culture results were positive in 18 (81.8%) patients in the necrotizing fasciitis group. In the non necrotizing fasciitis group, 12 (35.3%) patients had positive bacterial culture results. There was significant difference in the positive rate of bacterial culture between the two groups (χ2 = 11.6239, p < .01). Except one death in necrotizing fasciitis group, all other patients were cured. There was no recurrence after follow-up for 3–6 months. Conclusions and Significance The pneumatosis of necrotizing fasciitis in the neck is dramatically more than that of other infectious diseases. It is suggested that pneumatosis in cervical fascial space is of great significance in the diagnosis of cervical necrosis, the gas production of bacteria may be closely related to the pathogenesis and development of necrotizing fasciitis of the neck, and early measures to block the generation and dissemination of gas is of great significance for treatment.
Cancer Pain Experience Through the Lens of Patients and Caregivers: Mixed Methods Social Media Study

Background Cancer pain represents a challenge for cancer patients and their family members. Despite progression in pain management, pain is still underreported and undertreated, and there is limited information on the related needs that patients and caregivers may have. Online platforms represent a fundamental tool for research to reveal the unmet needs of these users and their emotions outside the medical setting. Objective This study aimed to (1) reveal the unmet needs of both patients and caregivers and (2) detect the emotional activation associated with cancer pain by analyzing the textual patterns of both users. Methods A descriptive and quantitative analysis of qualitative data was performed in RStudio v.2022. 02.3 (RStudio Team). We analyzed 679 posts (161 from caregivers and 518 from patients) published over 10 years on the “cancer” subreddit of Reddit to identify unmet needs and emotions related to cancer pain. Hierarchical clustering, and emotion and sentiment analysis were conducted. Results The language used for describing experiences related to cancer pain and expressed needs differed between patients and caregivers. For patients (agglomerative coefficient=0.72), the large cluster labeled unmet needs included the following clusters: (1A) reported experiences, with the subclusters (a) relationship with doctors/spouse and (b) reflections on physical features; and (1B) changes observed over time, with the subclusters (a) regret and (b) progress. For caregivers (agglomerative coefficient=0.80), the main clusters were as follows: (1A) social support and (1B) reported experiences, with the subclusters (a) psychosocial challenges and (b) grief. Moreover, comparison between the 2 groups (entanglement coefficient=0.28) showed that they shared a common cluster labeled uncertainty. Regarding emotion and sentiment analysis, patients expressed a significantly higher negative sentiment than caregivers (z=−2.14; P<.001). On the contrary, caregivers expressed a higher positive sentiment compared with patients (z=−2.26; P<.001), with trust (z=−4.12; P<.001) and joy (z=−2.03; P<.001) being the most prevalent positive emotions. Conclusions Our study emphasized different perceptions of cancer pain in patients and caregivers. We revealed different needs and emotional activations in the 2 groups. Moreover, our study findings highlight the importance of considering caregivers in medical care. Overall, this study increases knowledge about the unmet needs and emotions of patients and caregivers, which may have important clinical implications in pain management.
Single-photon manipulation in Nanophotonic Circuits

Quantum dots in photonic nanostructures has long been known to be a very powerful and versatile solid-state platform for conducting quantum optics experiments. The present PhD thesis describes experimental demonstrations of single-photon generation and subsequent manipulation all realized on a gallium arsenide platform. This platform offers near-unity coupling between embedded single-photon emitters and a photonic mode, as well as the ability to suppress decoherence mechanisms, making it highly suited for quantum information applications. In this thesis we show how a single-photon router can be realized on a chip with embedded quantum dots. This allows for on-chip generation and manipulation of single photons. The router consists of an on-chip interferometer where the phase difference between the arms of the interferometer is controlled electrically. The response time of the device is experimentally shown to be in the sub-microsecond range. The performance of the device is limited by the reflections from the out-coupling gratings used, and we thus developed a new type of out-coupler that reduces reflections as well as increases the coupling efficiency to the fiber. The grating design is inspired by a well-known design from silicon photonics and is adopted for quantum dot emission wavelengths. The new gratings offer a fivefold increase in efficiency compared to the gratings used previously. These results are found from simulations as well as transmission measurements and have recently been confirmed in singlephoton experiments. Lastly, an examination of some of the possible applications of quantum dots efficiently coupled to the propagating mode of a photonic crystal waveguide is presented. Specifically, we describe how we can realize propagation-direction-dependent light-matter interactions in engineered nanostructures, and how we can utilize a well coupled quantum dot to realize giant nonlinearities at the single-photon level.
Psychological resilience and cortisol levels in adults: A systematic review

Resilience or the capacity to “bend but not break” refers to the ability to maintain or regain psychobiological equilibrium during or after exposure to stressful life events. Specifically, resilience has been proposed as a potential resource for staving off pathological states that often emerge after exposure to repeated stress and that are related to alterations in circulating cortisol.
Sustainability of the anaerobic digestion of oil refinery secondary sludge

ABSTRACT Among the waste generated at oil refineries, secondary sludge from biological wastewater treatment processes (activated sludge systems) stands out. This paper aimed to assess the use of anaerobic digestion (AD) to treat sludge by SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis, ranking the different factors based on sustainability criteria. Additionally, the SWOT factors were matched (TOWS matrix) to help interpret the results. AD was found to be compatible with sustainability. The results demonstrated that the strength of AD (reduced organic load) compensates for its weaknesses (need for operational control and initial implementation costs), thereby avoiding the threat (sludge composition) and making the most of the opportunity (lower disposal cost). AD and co-digestion (added with food waste) used to treat oil refinery sludge showed that around 60% of the factors analyzed were confirmed experimentally. It was concluded that AD should be considered in the sustainable treatment of oil refinery waste activated sludge, especially when mixed with other readily biodegradable wastes. HIGHLIGHTS Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a potential treatment for secondary sludge from refineries. AD is compatible with sustainability. Anaerobic co-digestion of refinery sludge contributed positively to sustainable treatment. The strength (reduced organic load) of AD counteract its weaknesses (operational control and implementation costs). The threat of AD (sludge composition) should be avoided and the opportunity (low disposal cost) leveraged. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Détection et classification non supervisées de relations sémantiques dans des articles scientifiques (Unsupervised Classification of Semantic Relations in Scientific Papers)[In French]

Dans cet article, nous abordons une tâche encore peu explorée, consistant à extraire automatiquement l’état de l’art d’un domaine scientifique à partir de l’analyse d’articles de ce domaine. Nous la ramenons à deux sous-tâches élémentaires : l’identification de concepts et la reconnaissance de relations entre ces concepts. Une extraction terminologique permet d’identifier les concepts candidats, qui sont ensuite alignés à des ressources externes. Dans un deuxième temps, nous cherchons à reconnaître et classifier automatiquement les relations sémantiques entre concepts de manière nonsupervisée, en nous appuyant sur différentes techniques de clustering et de biclustering. Nous mettons en œuvre ces deux étapes dans un corpus extrait de l’archive de l’ACL Anthology. Une analyse manuelle nous a permis de proposer une typologie des relations sémantiques, et de classifier un échantillon d’instances de relations. Les premières évaluations suggèrent l’intérêt du biclustering pour détecter de nouveaux types de relations dans le corpus.
Characterization of the Environmental Plasmidome of the Red Sea

Marine plasmids are understudied and hence underrepresented in databases. Plasmid functional annotation and characterization is complicated but, if successful, may provide a pool of novel genes and unknown functions. Newly discovered plasmids and their functional repertoire are potentially valuable tools for predicting the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, providing vectors for molecular cloning and an understanding of plasmid-bacterial interactions in various environments. ABSTRACT Plasmids contribute to microbial diversity and adaptation, providing microorganisms with the ability to thrive in a wide range of conditions in extreme environments. However, while the number of marine microbiome studies is constantly increasing, very little is known about marine plasmids, and they are very poorly represented in public databases. To extend the repertoire of environmental marine plasmids, we established a pipeline for the de novo assembly of plasmids in the marine environment by analyzing available microbiome metagenomic sequencing data. By applying the pipeline to data from the Red Sea, we identified 362 plasmid candidates. We showed that the distribution of plasmids corresponds to environmental conditions, particularly, depth, temperature, and physical location. At least 7 of the 362 candidates are most probably real plasmids, based on a functional analysis of their open reading frames (ORFs). Only one of the seven has been described previously. Three plasmids were identified in other public marine metagenomic data from different locations all over the world; these plasmids contained different cassettes of functional genes at each location. Analysis of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed that the same positions that were enriched with genes encoding resistance to antibiotics were also enriched with resistance to metals, suggesting that plasmids contribute site-dependent phenotypic modules to their ecological niches. Finally, half of the ORFs (50.8%) could not be assigned to a function, emphasizing the untapped potential of the unique marine plasmids to provide proteins with multiple novel functions. IMPORTANCE Marine plasmids are understudied and hence underrepresented in databases. Plasmid functional annotation and characterization is complicated but, if successful, may provide a pool of novel genes and unknown functions. Newly discovered plasmids and their functional repertoire are potentially valuable tools for predicting the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, providing vectors for molecular cloning and an understanding of plasmid-bacterial interactions in various environments.
Contribution of different strength determinants on distinct phases of Olympic rowing performance in adolescent athletes

ABSTRACT Aerobic metabolism dominates Olympic rowing, but research on the relative contribution of strength and power demands is limited. This study aimed to identify the contribution of different strength determinants for distinct phases of rowing ergometer performance. The cross-sectional analysis comprised of 14 rowing athletes (4 female, 10 male, age: 18.8 ± 3.0y, 16.9 ± 2.2y). Measurements included anthropometrics, maximal strength of leg press, trunk extension and flexion, mid-thigh pull (MTP) and handgrip strength, VO2max, and a 2000 m time trial, where peak forces at the start, middle and end phase were assessed. Additionally, rate of force development (RFD) was assessed during the isometric leg press and MTP with intervals of 150, 350 ms and 150, 300 ms, respectively. Stepwise regression models for ergometer performance showed that the start phase was mainly explained by maximal trunk extension and RFD 300 ms of MTP (R2 = 0.91, p < 0.001) and the middle section by VO2max, maximal leg press strength and sitting height (R2 = 0.84, p < 0.001). For the end phase, a best fit was observed for trunk flexion, RFD 350 ms of leg press, body height and sex (R2 = 0.97 p < 0.001), whereas absolute VO2max, trunk flexion and sex explained variance over the entire 2000 m time trial (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.001). It appears that for the high acceleration in the start phase, force transmission through maximum strength for trunk extension is essential, while fast power production along the kinetic chain is also relevant. Additionally, the results support that maximal force complements the reliance on VO2max. Further intervention studies are needed to refine training recommendations. Highlights This study highlights the importance of the neuromuscular system for rowing performance, which has to be considered in addition to the well-known factors VO2max, anthropometry and sex. For overall 2000 m rowing performance, maximal leg strength appears to complement the reliance on VO2max for maintenance of force production. For efficient force transmission in the start phase, maximal strength of trunk extension and a fast power production along the kinetic chain of legs, trunk and arms are essential, while towards the end of the race isometric trunk flexion and rate of force development of leg press appear to be important.
The Euler-Galerkin finite element method for nonlocal diffusion problems with a p-Laplace-type operator

ABSTRACT This paper is devoted to the study of the finite element method for a class of non-linear nonlocal diffusion problems associated with p-Laplace-type operator. Using the Euler–Galerkin finite element method, the convergence and a priori error estimates for the semi-discrete as well as fully-discrete formulations are established.
Pan-precancer and cancer DNA methylation profiles revealed significant tissue specificity of interrupted biological processes in tumorigenesis

ABSTRACT DNA methylation (DNAme) alterations are known to initiate from the precancerous stage of tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated the global and local patterns of DNAme perturbations in tumorigenesis by analysing the genome-wide DNAme profiles of the cervix, colorectum, stomach, prostate, and liver at precancerous and cancer stages. We observed global hypomethylation in tissues of both two stages, except for the cervix, whose global DNAme level in normal tissue was lower than that of the other four tumour types. For alterations shared by both stages, there were common hyper-methylation (sHyperMethyl) and hypo-methylation (sHypoMethyl) changes, of which the latter type was more frequently identified in all tissues. Biological pathways interrupted by sHyperMethyl and sHypoMethyl alterations demonstrated significant tissue specificity. DNAme bidirectional chaos indicated by the enrichment of both sHyperMethyl and sHypoMethyl changes in the same pathway was observed in most tissues and was a common phenomenon, particularly in liver lesions. Moreover, for the same enriched pathways, different tissues may be affected by distinct DNAme types. For the PI3K−Akt signalling pathway, sHyperMethyl enrichment was observed in the prostate dataset, but sHypoMethyl enrichment was observed in the colorectum and liver datasets. Nevertheless, they did not show an increased possibility in survival prediction of patients in comparison with other DNAme types. Additionally, our study demonstrated that gene-body DNAme changes of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes may persist from precancerous lesions to the tumour. Overall, we demonstrate the tissue specificity and commonality of cross-stage alterations in DNA methylation profiles in multi-tissue tumorigenesis.
The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter: lessons learned during LHC run 1, overview and future projections

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC is a hermetic, fine grained, homogeneous calorimeter, comprising 75848 lead tungstate scintillating crystals. We highlight the key role of the ECAL in the discovery and elucidation of the Standard Model Higgs boson during LHC Run I. We discuss, with reference to specific examples from LHC Run I, the challenges of operating a crystal calorimeter at a hadron collider. Particular successes, chiefly in terms of achieving and maintaining the required detector energy resolution in the harsh radiation environment of the LHC, are described. The prospects for LHC Run II (starting in 2015) are discussed, building upon the experience gained from Run I. The high luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to be operational from about 2025 to 2035 and will provide instantaneous and integrated luminosities of around 5×1034 cm−2 s−1 and 3000 fb−1 respectively. We outline the challenges that ECAL will face and motivate the evolution of the detector that is thought to be necessary to maintain its performance throughout LHC and High-Luminosity LHC operation.
An Alternative View of the Splicing Data

Data on the time taken to splice telephone cables are re‐examined. A previous analysis using robust regression methods and with the variance a function of x is contrasted with a generalized linear model using a power variance function and a power link with x similarly transformed. The new model is shown to have advantages in allowing the natural modelling of skew residuals. The dependence of robust regression on assumptions about the variance function is discussed.
$\alpha$-Molecules

Within the area of applied harmonic analysis, various multiscale systems such as wavelets, ridgelets, curvelets, and shearlets have been introduced and successfully applied. The key property of each of those systems are their (optimal) approximation properties in terms of the decay of the $L^2$-error of the best $N$-term approximation for a certain class of functions. In this paper, we introduce the general framework of $\alpha$-molecules, which encompasses most multiscale systems from applied harmonic analysis, in particular, wavelets, ridgelets, curvelets, and shearlets as well as extensions of such with $\alpha$ being a parameter measuring the degree of anisotropy, as a means to allow a unified treatment of approximation results within this area. Based on an $\alpha$-scaled index distance, we first prove that two systems of $\alpha$-molecules are almost orthogonal. This leads to a general methodology to transfer approximation results within this framework, provided that certain consistency and time-frequency localization conditions of the involved systems of $\alpha$-molecules are satisfied. We finally utilize these results to enable the derivation of optimal sparse approximation results \msch{for} a specific class of cartoon-like functions by sufficient conditions on the 'control' parameters of a system of $\alpha$-molecules.