Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis on Turbine Blade Temperature Distribution Using Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation

Heat transfer parameters are the most critical variables affecting turbine blade life. Therefore, accurately predicting heat transfer parameters is essential. In this study, for precise prediction of the blade temperature distribution, a conjugate heat transfer procedure is used. This procedure involves three different physical aspects: flow and heat transfer in external domain and internal cooling passages and conduction within metal blade. For the external flow simulation and conduction within metal, three-dimensional solvers are used. However, three-dimensional modeling of blade cooling passages is time-consuming because of complex cooling passage geometries. Therefore, in the current work, a one-dimensional network method is used for the simulation of cooling passages. For validation of the numerical procedure, simulation results are compared with the available experimental data for a C3X vane. Results show good agreement against experimental data. The present paper investigates uncertainties of some parameters that affect turbine blade heat transfer, namely, (1) turbine inlet temperature and pressure, (2) upstream stator coolant mass flow rate and temperature, (3) rotor shroud heat transfer coefficient and fluid temperature over shroud, (4) rotor coolant inlet pressure and temperature (as a result of secondary air system), (5) blade metal thermal conductivity, and (6) blade coating thickness and thermal conductivity. Results show that turbine inlet temperature, pressure drop and temperature rise in the secondary air system (SAS) and coating parameters have significant effect on the blade temperature.
Reply to Comments by E. N. Parker

There are three important points on which a recent paper by E. N. Parker implies disagreement with a previous paper by this author where none actually exists: (1) The way dynamics should be treated in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), (2) the speed of energy propagation in a plasma, and (3) the conditions under which line tying is valid. Points on which there is disagreement between Parker and this author are as follows. (1) The significance of the vector magnetogram data for flare models: Parker suggests that these data cannot be used to deduce currents because they do not resolve the presumably fibril state of the magnetic field, and I disagree strongly with this view. (2) Whether or not the current viewpoint is useful in understanding the physics of solar flares: I maintain that the currents need to be considered when deciding on appropriate boundary conditions at the edges and ends of portions of MHD models for flux tubes. (3) The location of the dynamo that supplies the magnetic energy stored in the corona and released in a flare: Parker argues for a dynamo region at a depth of 5 × 103 km, and I argue that such a dynamo is inconsistent with the vector magnetogram data.
Dividend Barrier Strategies in A Renewal Risk Model with Generalized Erlang Interarrival Times

Abstract We consider a renewal risk model with generalized Erlang distributed interarrival times. We assume that the phases of the interarrival time can be observed. In order to solve de Finetti's dividend problem, we first consider phasewise barrier strategies and look for the optimal barriers when the initial capital is 0. For exponentially distributed claim sizes, we show that the barrier strategy is optimal among all admissible strategies. For the special case of Erlang(2) interarrival times, we calculate the value function and the optimal barriers.
Tunneling-induced shift of the cutoff law for high-order above-threshold ionization

We investigate the cutoff law for high-order above-threshold ionization (HATI) within a semiclassical framework. By explicitly adopting the tunneling effect and considering the initial position shift of the tunneled electron from the origin in the model, the cutoff energy position in HATI spectrum exhibits a well-defined upshift from the simple-man model prediction. The comparison between numerical results from our improved semiclassical model and the quantum-orbit theory shows a good agreement for small values of the Keldysh parameter gamma, implying the important role of the inherent quantum tunneling effect in HATI dynamics.
Room temperature gas sensing of p-type TeO2 nanowires

Tellurium dioxide (TeO2) nanowires with a tetragonal structure have been grown by thermally evaporating tellurium metal at 400°C in air. The nanowires produced have diameters ranging from 30to200nm and have lengths of several tens of micrometers. Gas sensors were fabricated using the obtained TeO2 nanowires. The sensing behavior to NO2, NH3, and H2S gases at room temperature showed typical characteristics of a p-type semiconductor. The results demonstrate the potential to develop TeO2 nanowire based gas sensors with low power consumption.
Valence band structure and band alignment at the ZrO2/Si interface

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with first-principles simulations are used to determine the band alignments of ZrO2 thin films on silicon. Theoretical band offsets were calculated by simulating the ZrO2/Si interface by means of plane-wave pseudopotential calculations. Experimental band offsets were determined by measuring the core-level to valence-band maximum binding energy differences. Excellent agreement was obtained between the theoretical (3.5–3.9 eV) and experimental (3.65 eV) valence band offsets. Both theoretical and experimental analyses predict the conduction band offset to be ∼0.6–1.0 eV which indicates the intrinsic limitation of ZrO2 to be considered as a viable alternative gate dielectric.
Supramolecular Hydrogels from a Tripeptide and Carbon Nano-Onions for Biological Applications

Nanocomposite hydrogels have attracted researchers’ attention in recent years to achieve superior performances in a variety of materials applications. In this work, we describe the outcome of three different strategies to combine a self-assembling tripeptide and carbon nano-onions (CNOs), through covalent and non-covalent approaches, into supramolecular and nanostructured hydrogels. Importantly, the tripeptide coated the nano-onions and extended their aqueous dispersions’ stability by several hours. Furthermore, CNOs could be loaded in the tripeptide hydrogels at the highest level ever reported for nanocarbons, indicating high compatibility between the components. The materials were formed in phosphate-buffered solutions, thus paving the way for biological applications, and were characterized by several spectroscopic, microscopic, thermogravimetric, and rheological techniques. In vitro experiments demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility.
Coherent wave propagation in solids containing various systems of frictional shear cracks

For a random and uniform distribution of (viscous) fluid-filled strip-like cracks with varying width and orientation, the effective wavenumber K of an antiplane coherent wave is calculated basing on Foldy's approximation. Applications to randomly oriented or inclined cracks with width obeying a power law distribution are exemplified. Dependence of the attenuation coefficient Q −1 and of the wave speed c on the fluid viscosity and on the distribution of the crack width and orientation is studied. Analytical expressions for Q −1 and c are given in the low- and high-frequency domains.
Visible and NIR Image Fusion Based on Multiscale Gradient Guided Edge-Smoothing Model and Local Gradient Weight

The visible (VS) and near-infrared (NIR) image fusion is a common approach to improve image visibility, which saves rich scene details and similar colors to the VS image in fused image. However, preserving edge details and preventing color distortion is a fundamental yet challenging problem for VS-NIR fusion work. To address this problem, this article proposes a novel image fusion method based on multiscale gradient guided edge-smoothing (MGES) model and local gradient weight. According to the spectrum characteristics of VS and NIR, the local gradient weight is established by analyzing the local gradient difference of VS and NIR, aiming to only transfer the prominent details of NIR image to VS image, thereby avoiding the confusion of spectral information. Furthermore, the MGES model is designed to simultaneously generate a Laplacian pyramid and a gradient domain guided filtering-based weight pyramid, which fully considers the gradient correlation between neighboring pixels and omits the Gaussian filtering step, thus effectively preserving spatial details and suppressing halo artifacts. Subjective and objective experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art methods in terms of preserving edge details and maintaining color naturalness.
Receding Horizon Control Lyapunov Function Approach to Suboptimal Regulation of Nonlinear Systems

established, their nonlinear counterparts are just starting to emerge. Moreover, in most cases these tools lead to partialdifferentialequationsthataredife culttosolve.Inthispaperweproposeasuboptimalregulatorfornonlinear afe nesystemsbaseduponthecombinationofrecedinghorizonandcontrolLyapunovfunctiontechniques.Themain result of the paper shows that this controller is nearly optimal provided that a certain e nite horizon problem can besolved on-line. Additional results include1 )sufe cient conditionsguaranteeing closed-loop stability even in cases wherethere isnot enough computational poweravailable to solvethisoptimization on-lineand 2 )an analysis ofthe suboptimality level of the proposed method. These results are illustrated with two simple examples comparing the performance of thesuboptimal controller against that achieved by some other popularnonlinear control methods.
Dichloro(2,2′-bipyridine)copper/MAO: An Active and Stereospecific Catalyst for 1,3-Diene Polymerization

Dichloro(2,2′-bipyridine)copper was synthesized by reacting copper dichloride with bypyridine, and its behavior, in combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO), in the polymerization of butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3 butadiene, and 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene was examined. The purpose of this study is to find catalytic systems that are more sustainable than those currently used for the polymerization of butadiene and isoprene (e.g., Co and Ni), but that are comparable in terms of catalytic activity and selectivity. Predominantly, syndiotactic 1,2 polybutadiene, crystalline syndiotactic 3,4 polyisoprene, crystalline syndiotactic 1,2 poly(3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene), and crystalline cis-1,4 poly(2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene) were obtained in a manner similar to that observed with the analogous iron complex. As far as we know, the investigated catalytic system represents the first example of a copper-based catalyst in the field of stereospecific polymerization. Given the great availability of copper, its extremely low toxicity (and therefore high sustainability), and the similarity of its behavior to that of iron, the result obtained seems to us of considerable interest and worthy of further investigation.
Waiting is painful: The impact of anticipated dread on negative
 discounting in the loss domain

According to the positive time-discounting assumption of intertemporal decision-making, people prefer to undergo negative events in the future rather than in the present. However, negative discounting has been identified in the intertemporal choice and loss domains, which refers to people’s preference to experience negative events earlier rather than later. Studies have validated and supported the "anticipated dread" as an explanation for negative discounting. This study again explored the effect of anticipated dread on intertemporal choice using content analysis; that is, having participants identify anticipated dread among reasons for negative discounting. This study also validated the effect of anticipated dread on negative discounting by manipulating anticipated dread. This study adds empirical and direct evidence for the role of anticipated dread in negative discounting.
Evaluating the impact of incorporating clinical practice guidelines for the management of infectious diseases into an electronic application (e-app)

Abstract Objectives: To improve dissemination and accessibility of guidelines to healthcare providers at our institution, guidance for infectious syndromes was incorporated into an electronic application (e-app). The objective of this study was to compare empiric antimicrobial prescribing before and after implementation of the e-app. Design: This study was a before-and-after trial. Setting: A tertiary-care, public hospital in Halifax, Canada. Participants: This study included pediatric patients admitted to hospital who were empirically prescribed an antibiotic for an infectious syndrome listed in the e-app. Methods: Data were collected from medical records. Prescribing was independently assessed considering patient-specific characteristics using a standardized checklist by 2 members of the research team. Assessments of antimicrobial prescribing were compared, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Empiric antimicrobial prescribing before and after implementation of the e-app was compared using interrupted time-series analysis. Results: In total, 237 patients were included in the preimplementation arm and 243 patients were included in the postimplementation arm. Pneumonia (23.8%), appendicitis (19.2%), and sepsis (15.2%) were the most common indications for antimicrobial use. Empiric antimicrobial use was considered optimal in 195 (81.9%) of 238 patients before implementation compared to 226 (93.0%) 243 patients after implementation. An immediate 15.5% improvement (P = .019) in optimal antimicrobial prescribing was observed following the implementation of the e-app. Conclusions: Empiric antimicrobial prescribing for pediatric patients with infectious syndromes improved after implementation of an e-app for dissemination of clinical practice guidelines. The use of e-apps may also be an effective strategy to improve antimicrobial use in other patient populations.
Interpretation of the Fermi hole curvature

Two different interpretations are given for the Fermi hole curvature parameter used recently by Stoll et al., by Colle and Salvetti and by Becke to estimate the size of the correlation hole, by Becke et al. to clarify aspects of chemical shell structure and bonding, and by Luken and Culbertson to discuss mobility of the Fermi hole. The first, more straightforward interpretation involves the number of ‘‘other’’ electrons to be found in a small neighborhood near a given electron. The notion of other electrons leads naturally to correlation functionals which correctly vanish when only one electron is present. The second interpretation, made explicit by use of the Wigner pair distribution, involves the density of relative kinetic energy of pairs of spin‐parallel electrons at point r. Since, in a classical interpretation at least, the correlation hole in a nonuniform Coulomb system depends both on density and relative kinetic energy of colliding pairs, one expects that both the Fermi hole curvature and the den.
Low-Reynolds-number flow around an oscillating circular cylinder at low Keulegan–Carpenter numbers

Time-averaged LDA measurements and time-resolved numerical flow predictions were performed to investigate the laminar flow induced by the harmonic in-line oscillation of a circular cylinder in water at rest. The key parameters, Reynolds number Re and Keulegan–Carpenter number KC, were varied to study three parameter combinations in detail. Good agreement was observed for Re=100 and KC=5 between measurements and predictions comparing phase-averaged velocity vectors. For Re=200 and KC=10 weakly stable and non-periodic flow patterns occurred, which made repeatable time-averaged measurements impossible. Nevertheless, the experimentally visualized vortex dynamics was reproduced by the two-dimensional computations. For the third combination, Re=210 and KC=6, which refers to a totally different flow regime, the computations again resulted in the correct fluid behaviour. Applying the widely used model of Morison et al. (1950) to the computed in-line force history, the drag and the added-mass coefficients were calculated and compared for different grid levels and time steps. Using these to reproduce the force functions revealed deviations from those originally computed as already noted in previous studies. They were found to be much higher than the deviations for the coarsest computational grid or the largest time step. The comparison of several in-line force coefficients with results obtained experimentally by Kühtz (1996) for β=35 confirmed that force predictions could also be reliably obtained by the computations.
Dual least‐squares finite element method with stabilization

The LL*‐method is a least‐squares finite element approach producing an approximation by solving dual problem corresponding to the given partial differential equations. Due to the unique structure of LL* approximation, it has advantages if the problem has low regularities and when L2‐approximation needs to be established. As a drawback, piecewise polynomial type approximation often generates artifacts such as spurious oscillations near where shocks or discontinuities occur in solution. Allowing discontinuous piecewise polynomial approximation in LL* seems to exacerbate this trouble. This paper presents a stabilized LL*‐method that is designed to effectively reduce these oscillatory behavior. The consistency and error convergence of proposed method are analyzed and numerical examinations are performed.
Experimental Procedure for the Metrological Characterization of Time-of-Flight Cameras for Human Body 3D Measurements

Time-of-flight cameras are widely adopted in a variety of indoor applications ranging from industrial object measurement to human activity recognition. However, the available products may differ in terms of the quality of the acquired point cloud, and the datasheet provided by the constructors may not be enough to guide researchers in the choice of the perfect device for their application. Hence, this work details the experimental procedure to assess time-of-flight cameras’ error sources that should be considered when designing an application involving time-of-flight technology, such as the bias correction and the temperature influence on the point cloud stability. This is the first step towards a standardization of the metrological characterization procedure that could ensure the robustness and comparability of the results among tests and different devices. The procedure was conducted on Kinect Azure, Basler Blaze 101, and Basler ToF 640 cameras. Moreover, we compared the devices in the task of 3D reconstruction following a procedure involving the measure of both an object and a human upper-body-shaped mannequin. The experiment highlighted that, despite the results of the previously conducted metrological characterization, some devices showed evident difficulties in reconstructing the target objects. Thus, we proved that performing a rigorous evaluation procedure similar to the one proposed in this paper is always necessary when choosing the right device.
Prophylactic tenofovir alafenamide for hepatitis B virus reactivation and reactivation‐related hepatitis

No prospective study on the efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a novel tenofovir prodrug, in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has yet been reported. This multicenter prospective study enrolled HBV‐carriers who received TAF to prevent HBV reactivation before antitumor or immunosuppressive therapy, and patients with resolved HBV infection who experienced HBV‐reactivation and received TAF to prevent HBV reactivation‐related hepatitis. The efficacy of prophylactic TAF in preventing HBV reactivation and HBV reactivation‐related hepatitis was evaluated at 6 and 12 months after initiating TAF. Overall, 110 patients were administered TAF to prevent HBV reactivation or HBV reactivation‐related hepatitis. Three patients died owing to primary disease, whereas one patient was transferred to another hospital within 6 months after initiating TAF. Seven patients died due to primary disease, and five patients were transferred to another hospital within 12 months after initiating TAF. Therefore, 106 and 94 (77 patients with HBV infection, 17 with previous‐HBV infection) patients were evaluated at 6 and 12 months after initiating TAF, respectively. No patient experienced HBV reactivation, HBV reactivation‐related hepatitis, or treatment discontinuation due to HBV reactivation or adverse events of TAF after 6 and 12 months. TAF could effectively prevent HBV reactivation and HBV reactivation‐related hepatitis.
Development of domain refined grain‐oriented silicon steel by grooving

Recently a heat‐proof magnetic domain refining technique has been developed which is characterized by the introduction of grooves on a surface of steel sheet after final cold rolling. In this paper, magnetic properties and the domain refining effect of grooving are investigated. A grooving process is constituted by resist printing on the surface of steel sheets after final cold rolling and succeeding electrolytic etching. The grooves were introduced almost perpendicular to the rolling direction of steel sheets. The width and depth of each grove are about 200 and 20 μm, respectively. With this newly developed method, about 10% reduction in iron loss was achieved and less than 0.34 W/lb at 1.5 T, 60 Hz was obtained. Using this new material, the iron loss of wound core transformers can be reduced by about 10% as compared with nongrooved material. Domain width was dramatically reduced by grooving, which caused the reduction of eddy current loss. This reduction is considered to be caused by the demagnetizing f.
Investigation of a polychromatic tomography method for the extraction of the three-dimensional spatial structure of implosion core plasmas

A spectroscopic method has been developed to extract the three-dimentional spatial structure (i.e., spatial distribution of electron temperature and density) of inertial confinement fusion implosion cores based on the analysis of space-resolved spectra from a tracer element recorded along three quasi-orthogonal lines of sight. We discuss a spectral model that computes space-resolved spectra for a given spatial structure. This model is then combined with a multi-objective search and optimization technique driven by a Pareto genetic algorithm to perform the inversion and to extract the spatial structure of the implosion core from a simultaneous and self-consistent analysis of a set of space-resolved spectra. This method is investigated with a series of synthetic data test cases to explore its reliability, requirements, and limitations. We have found a constraint parameter Pconst such that the method is robust and the extracted spatial structure is reliable when Pconst> 1. The idea of polychromatic tomograph.