Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simple Model for a Magnetic Reconnection-heated Corona

We construct a simple model for a magnetic reconnection-heated corona above a thin accretion disk in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and Galactic black hole candidates (GBHCs). The basic assumptions are that (1) the magnetic reconnection heat is cooled down overwhelmingly by Compton scattering in the corona and (2) the thermal conduction is dominantly cooled by evaporation of the chromospheric plasma in the disk-corona interface before Compton cooling sets in. With these two basic equations as well as equipartition of magnetic energy with gas energy in the disk, we can consistently determine the fraction of accretion energy dissipated in the corona without free parameters and thus determine the temperature and all other quantities in both the corona and disk for a given black hole mass and accretion rate. Then, we calculate the luminosity contributed from the disk and corona and the coronal flux-weighted Compton y-parameter. It is found that at low luminosity (L < 0.1LEdd) the spectrum is hard, with a spectral index of αsp ~ 1 (fν ∝ ν), while at high luminosity (L ≳ 0.1LEdd) the spectrum can be either soft or hard. We also find that the situation is almost the same for supermassive and stellar mass black holes. These features are consistent with observations of AGNs and GBHCs.
Double dielectric barrier discharge chamber for ozone generation

The paper proposes an ozone generation generated by double dielectric barrier discharge chamber which is operated at atmospheric pressure discharge and supplied by high frequency power converter. The air fed or oxygen is bombarded inside chamber that is constructed by a planar type chamber using double aluminum mesh on a metal plate and a double mica sheet as dielectric material. The power converter utilizes the class E parallel resonant converter operated at 39 kHz and maximum voltage 3 kV peak to peak. The system is able to produced ozone product more than 150 ppm. Due to the simplicity and low cost design, it can be suitably used for low-density application such as home water treatment.
Revisiting hovering: interaction guides for interactive surfaces

Current touch-based interactive surfaces rely heavily on a trial-and-error approach for guiding users through the interaction process. In contrast, the legacy WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer) paradigm employs various methods to provide user assistance. A commonly used strategy is the use of mouse hovering. This research explores how this strategy can be adapted and expanded to user interaction with interactive surfaces to provide user assistance as well as to help address common surface interaction issues, such as precisions. Design dimensions and considerations are discussed, and potential hover interaction techniques are proposed. These techniques emphasize the use of animation to facilitate user engagement and improve the overall user experience.
On the effectiveness of virtualization-based security

Protecting commodity operating systems and applications against malware and targeted attacks has proven to be difficult. In recent years, virtualization has received attention from security researchers who utilize it to harden existing systems and provide strong security guarantees. This has lead to interesting use cases such as cloud computing where possibly sensitive data is processed on remote, third party systems. The migration and processing of data in remote servers, poses new technical and legal questions, such as which security measures should be taken to protect this data or how can it be proven that execution of code wasn't tampered with. In this paper we focus on technological aspects. We discuss the various possibilities of security within the virtualization layer and we use as a case study \HelloRootkitty{}, a lightweight invariance-enforcing framework which allows an operating system to recover from kernel-level attacks. In addition to \HelloRootkitty{}, we also explore the use of special hardware chips as a way of further protecting and guaranteeing the integrity of a virtualized system.
Microglia: gatekeepers of central nervous system immunology

Microglia are perhaps the most underestimated cell type of our immune system. Not only were immunologists unaware of their capabilities until recently, but also, some neuroscientists denied their actual existence until the late 20th century. Nowadays, their presence is confirmed extensively, as demonstrated by numerous reports describing their involvement in virtually all neuropathologies. However, despite distinct approaches, their origin remains a point of controversy. Although many agree about their myeloid‐monocytic ancestry, the precise progenitor cells and the differentiation mechanisms, which give rise to microglia in the different developmental stages of the CNS, are not unraveled yet. Mostly, this can be attributed to their versatile phenotype. Indeed, microglia show a high morphological plasticity, which is related to their functional state. This review about microglia aims to introduce the reader extensively into their ontogeny, cell biology, and involvement in different neuropathologies.
Paraphrasing of Chinese Sentences with Special Structure

By analyzing the structure of large amount sentences in Chinese, extracting paraphrase templates based on key items, which can used to paraphrase some sentences with special structure. Matching of paraphrase template with sentences is through calculating similarity of paraphrase sentence with paraphrase template. With fixing keywords and structure auxiliary words which reflect the structure of sentences in the templates and combining the qualifier and replacing them by variables, and achieve exactly structural matching in sentence level and enhanced the coverage of the templates. To evaluate performance of the method, experiments have been done and got the coverage rate of templates and precision of paraphrase 65.4% and 75.82% respectively.
Population-Based Twin Study of the Effects of Migration From Finland to Sweden on Endothelial Function and Intima-Media Thickness

Finnish men have higher coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality than Swedish men do. To assess the impact of migration to a country with lower CHD mortality on subclinical atherosclerosis, we measured early functional and structural atherosclerotic vascular changes in twins discordant for migration from Finland to Sweden. Conventional CHD risk factors, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, carotid intima-media thickness, and carotid artery compliance were measured in 74 male twin pairs (20 monozygous, 54 dizygous), aged 42 to 69 years, in which co-one twin had migrated more than 20 years ago permanently to Sweden. There were no significant differences in CHD risk factors except for diastolic blood pressure and body fat percentage, which were higher in Sweden. In all subjects, mean FMD was non-significantly higher in Sweden (5.7±4.3% vs 4.9±4.2%, P =0.22), but in monozygous twins the difference in FMD was highly significant (7.2±4.4 vs 3.7±2.9%, P =0.003). There was no significant difference in intima-media thickness or carotid artery compliance between Sweden and Finland. We conclude that in Finnish monozygous twins the endothelial function is better among the twins that have migrated to a country with lower CHD prevalence.
Acquiring planning domain models using LOCM

Abstract The problem of formulating knowledge bases containing action schema is a central concern in knowledge engineering for artificial intelligence (AI) planning. This paper describes Learning Object-Centred Models (LOCM), a system that carries out the automated generation of a planning domain model from example training plans. The novelty of LOCM is that it can induce action schema without being provided with any information about predicates or initial, goal or intermediate state descriptions for the example action sequences. Each plan is assumed to be a sound sequence of actions; each action in a plan is stated as a name and a list of objects that the action refers to. LOCM exploits assumptions about the kinds of domain model it has to generate, rather than handcrafted clues or planner-oriented knowledge. It assumes that actions change the state of objects, and require objects to be in a certain state before they can be executed. In this paper, we describe the implemented LOCM algorithm, the assumptions that it is based on, and an evaluation using plans generated through goal-directed solutions, through random walk, and through logging human-generated plans for the game of freecell. We analyze the performance of LOCM by its application to the induction of domain models from five domains.
Topographic organization in the auditory brainstem of juvenile mice is disrupted in congenital deafness

There is an orderly topographic arrangement of neurones within auditory brainstem nuclei based on sound frequency. Previous immunolabelling studies in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) have suggested that there may be gradients of voltage‐gated currents underlying this tonotopic arrangement. Here, our electrophysiological and immunolabelling results demonstrate that underlying the tonotopic organization of the MNTB is a combination of medio‐lateral gradients of low‐and high‐threshold potassium currents and hyperpolarization‐activated cation currents. Our results also show that the intrinsic membrane properties of MNTB neurones produce a topographic gradient of time delays, which may be relevant to sound localization, following previous demonstrations of the importance of the timing of inhibitory input from the MNTB to the medial superior olive (MSO). Most importantly, we demonstrate that, in the MNTB of congenitally deaf mice, which exhibit no spontaneous auditory nerve activity, the normal tonotopic gradients of neuronal properties are absent. Our results suggest an underlying mechanism for the observed topographic gradient of neuronal firing properties in the MNTB, show that an intrinsic neuronal mechanism is responsible for generating a topographic gradient of time‐delays, and provide direct evidence that these gradients rely on spontaneous auditory nerve activity during development.
Enhancing Students’ Vocabulary Mastery by Using PPP Approach (Presentation, Practice, Production) (A Classroom Action Research at Fifth Grade of SD Negeri Kratonan no.3 Surakarta in the Year of 2014/2015)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengidentifikasi penggunaan PPP Approach apakah bisa meningkatkan penguasaan kosa kata siswa atau tidak; (2) mendeskripsikan situasi kelas ketika PPP Approach di implementasikan dalam pembelajaran kosa kata untuk siswa kelas lima di Sekolah Dasar.Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli hingga Agustus di kelas lima SDN Kratonan no.3 Surakarta dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan berbagai jenis teknik dalam metode kualitatif didapat dari kuesioner, interview, obsevasi kelas, catatan lapangan. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuantitatif didapat dari test kosakata yang terdiri dari pre-test dan post-test. Kemudian dalam menganalisis data kualitatif, peneliti menggunakan metode Taylor dan Bodgan, Glaser dan Strauss analyzing action research data, sedangkan data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan descrptive statistic method.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dari PPP Approach meningkatkan penguasaan kosa kata siswa dalam empat aspek dan situasi dalam kelas. Peningkatan kemampuan siswa dalam penguasaan kosa kata meliputi: (1) siswa dapat melafalkan kata dengan benar; (2) siswa dapat mengeja kata dengan benar; (3) siswa dapat memahami arti kata; (4) siswa dapat membuat kalimat sederhana dengan benar. Sehubungan dalam peningkatan situasi kelas, hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan: (1) siswa lebih antusias dan tertarik dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar; (2) ini (PPP approach) memberi siswa dengan atmosfir baru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar.Berdasarkan fakta diatas, PPP Approach dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kosa kata siswa. Oleh karena , disarankan bahwa (1) Peneliti menyarankan guru Bahasa Inggris untuk menggunakan PPP Approach dalam mengajar kosa kata dan memperkaya dirinya dengan berbagai media dan teknik dalam pembelajaran untuk memberikan kegiatan belajar dan mengajar yang menarik; (2) Sekolah mengatur ulang alokasi waktu pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dan meningkatkan fasilitas dan media untuk mendukung kegiatan belajar dan mengajar.Kata Kunci:classroom action research, PPP Approach, vocabulary mastery
Hardware Implementation of Artificial Neural Networks

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have long been used to solve complex machine learning problems (“deep learning”). The inherent distributed component of ANNs in both memory and computation means that implementing them directly in hardware can allow large gains when scaling the newtork sizes, since the von Neuman bottleneck (computations limited by memory access time) does not have to distributed architectures. Therefore both analog and digital circuits have been used to implement these circuits without the use of a general purpose CPU architecture. Promising results have been obtained for various circuit architectures, with commercial applications close by. Challenges remain in the scaling of these networks, since the number of synapses grows quadratically, making wiring difficult. Novel devices, in particular different memristor-like devices, can be used to more efficiently design and fabricate ANNs, although the reliability of the fabrication remains to be demonstrated.
Amplification of 4-, 8-, 16-, 32- and 64-QAM through the Memory Polynomial-Model as Special Case of the Volterra Series Implemented in a RF Satellite Link

In this paper is fully proved the behavior of the Volterra Series through a Memory-Polynomial Model (MPM) excited by QAM Input and implemented in an Radio Frequency Satellite Link (RFSL). Several sequences of 4-, 8-, 16-, 32 and 64-QAM Inputs were introduced to the MPM. The MPM as special truncation of the Volterra Series showed a correct behaviour for each QAM Input and the RFSL was able to stabilize the losses on the radio link and interferences introduced by the Satellite Link caused mainly by the transmission distance simulated by Simulink. The full system is able to compensate these perturbations caused by a normal satellite link.
Does Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Reduce Maternal Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

ABSTRACT Maternal stress, anxiety, and depression are associated with ineffective parenting strategies for families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). We present the use of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) with three mother-child dyads to reduce maternal stress, anxiety, and depression and child disruptive behavior in children with ASD. Results included increases in positive parenting skills, and decreases in maternal anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as child behavior problems. PCIT is a promising alternative to more intensive and costly interventions, both at reducing disruptive behaviors and improving maternal health. Implications of PCIT for dyads affected by ASD are discussed.
Procedural Reasoning in Constraint Satisfaction

Constraint satisfaction is an important area of computer science, in particular for artificial intelligence. The need to solve such problems automatically has led researchers to develop a variety of general problem solving methods, which are invariably based on the use of search; a method of modifying a candidate solution until it becomes a valid solution to the problem. However, for most constraint satisfaction problems, there are also low-complexity functions and algorithms that can be used to quickly solve certain parts of the problem. Needless to say, applying such procedural methods directly, instead of relying only on the search mechanism, significantly speeds up the solving process. The problem is that until now it has been difficult to incorporate procedures into general solvers without having to rewrite the solver by hand and then re-establish the appropriate correctness criteria. In this thesis, we propose a new approach to handling the issue of using direct methods with general solvers. We present a new formal framework for describing search engines and procedures in simple but exact terms, such that we can directly define the combination of any search engine and any procedure. In addition to being more general than any previous approaches, the framework also has the considerable advantage that it is built on concepts that reflect how search engines and procedures are actually defined and implemented. This makes the translation from algorithms and implementations to formal concepts, easy and natural. In addition to simplifying the task of combining search and procedural reasoning, our framework also allows us to formally define useful properties like correctness, completeness and systematicity. This makes it possible to state and formally prove that easily satisfied conditions on search engines suffice to guarantee that these properties continue to hold when procedural reasoning is used. Furthermore, our framework proves to be more than a useful theoretical tool; it provides a suitable foundation for implementing general problem solving systems that can use external procedures to speed up the solving process. This makes it easy to take full advantage of the improved performance one gets from using procedural reasoning, while retaining the generality of domain-independent search techniques.
Experimental study on a self-powered piezoelectric sensor under vibration environment

A self-powered piezoelectric sensor is studied as a sensor and power generator under vibration environment. A theoretical model was developed to determine the magnitude of power. The results predicted by the theoretical model were validated by the experimental results. A maximal output power of about 1.3 mW was obtained from the piezoelectric cantilever at the operating frequency of 85Hz across a resistive load of 15 kΩ with a cyclic stress of 0.1N. The useful power output of the sensor could power itself as an energy harvesting, and power a wireless sensor network as well.
miR-21: a small multi-faceted RNA

• miR‐21 expression in cancer and other diseases • Mechanisms of miR‐21 elevation in cancer: multi‐level regulatory control • Transcriptional control • Post‐trancriptional regulation • miR‐21 functions in cancer • Identification of direct miR‐21 targets • miR‐21 in gliomas: targeting cell cycle, apoptosis and invasion • miR‐21 networking and feedback regulation • miR‐21 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker • Potential therapeutic target • Acknowledgements
Chitosan Modification and Pharmaceutical/Biomedical Applications

Chitosan has received much attention as a functional biopolymer for diverse applications, especially in pharmaceutics and medicine. Our recent efforts focused on the chemical and biological modification of chitosan in order to increase its solubility in aqueous solutions and absorbability in the in vivo system, thus for a better use of chitosan. This review summarizes chitosan modification and its pharmaceutical/biomedical applications based on our achievements as well as the domestic and overseas developments: (1) enzymatic preparation of low molecular weight chitosans/chitooligosaccharides with their hypocholesterolemic and immuno-modulating effects; (2) the effects of chitin, chitosan and their derivatives on blood hemostasis; and (3) synthesis of a non-toxic ion ligand—D-Glucosaminic acid from Oxidation of D-Glucosamine for cancer and diabetes therapy.
MRI Based Volumetry of Intra-and Extracerebral CSF Spaces

We describe a hybrid approach to the volumetry of intracerebral and entire intracranial CSF spaces, combining two imaging techniques. Ultra-fast and reproducible quantification of intracranial liquor volumes is carried out based on T2-weighted MR images. Isotropic T1-weighted data is used as a basis for robust semi-automatic three-dimensional segmentation procedures. Variability of the proposed method, including image acquisition, is evaluated on volunteers and phantoms to be well below 2 %. The total time required for image analysis including interaction is below 5 minutes.
Semantics of What ?

Semantic interoperability is a noble and important goal, but hard to pin down, for several reasons: the notion itself is somewhat redundant, its meaning is elusive as is that of its parts (semantics, interoperability), there is no commonly accepted formal definition, there are no benchmarks and no agreed challenges, the role of humans in the loop is unclear, and the acronym inflation around the semantic web obscures rather than highlights many research issues. As a consequence, semantic interoperability research often doesn’t know where to start from, where to go, and how to get there. This position paper tries to determine a starting point of the research by asking “what is it that needs to be semantically defined in order to support semantic interoperability? ” The intention is to encourage more precise problem statements in semantic interoperability research.
Feature Quality-Based Dynamic Feature Selection for Improving Salient Object Detection

Salient object detection is typically accomplished by combining the outputs of multiple primitive feature detectors (that output feature maps or features). The diversity of images means that different basic features are useful in different contexts, which motivates the use of complementary feature detectors in a general setting. However, naive inclusion of features that are not useful for a particular image leads to a reduction in performance. In this paper, we introduce four novel measures of feature quality and then use those measures to dynamically select useful features for the combination process. The resulting saliency is thereby individually tailored to each image. Using benchmark data sets, we demonstrate the efficacy of our dynamic feature selection system by measuring the performance enhancement over the state-of-the-art models for complementary feature selection and saliency aggregation tasks. We show that a salient object detection technique using our approach outperforms competitive models on the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset. We find that the most pronounced performance improvements occur in challenging images with cluttered backgrounds, or containing multiple salient objects.
MHC Class II Expression in Human Basophils: Induction and Lack of Functional Significance

The antigen-presenting abilities of basophils and their role in initiating a Th2 phenotype is a topic of current controversy. We aimed to determine whether human basophils can be induced to express MHC Class II and act as antigen presenting cells for T cell stimulation. Isolated human basophils were exposed to a panel of cytokines and TLR-ligands and assessed for MHC Class II expression. MHC Class II was expressed in up to 17% of isolated basophils following incubation with a combination of IL-3, IFN-γ and GM-CSF for 72 hours. Costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) were expressed at very low levels after stimulation. Gene expression analysis of MHC Class II-positive basophils confirmed up-regulation of HLA-DR, HLA-DM, CD74 and Cathepsin S. However, MHC Class II expressing basophils were incapable of inducing antigen-specific T cell activation or proliferation. This is the first report of significant cytokine-induced MHC Class II up-regulation, at both RNA and protein level, in isolated human basophils. By testing stimulation with relevant T cell epitope peptide as well as whole antigen, the failure of MHC Class II expressing basophils to induce T cell response was shown not to be solely due to inefficient antigen uptake and/or processing.