Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brief Measure for Screening Complicated Grief: Reliability and Discriminant Validity

Background Complicated grief, which is often under-recognized and under-treated, can lead to substantial impairment in functioning. The Brief Grief Questionnaire (BGQ) is a 5-item self-report or interview instrument for screening complicated grief. Although investigations with help-seeking samples suggest that the BGQ is valid and reliable, it has not been validated in a broader population. Methodology/Principal Findings A questionnaire was mailed to a randomly selected sample (n = 5000) residing in one of 4 areas of Japan. The BCQ was examined for responders who were bereaved more than 6 months and less than 10 years (n = 915). Non-specific psychological distress was assessed with the K6 screening scale. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis supported a uni-dimensional factor structure and the invariance of parameters across gender and age. Cronbach's alpha was sufficiently high (alpha = .75) to confirm internal consistency. Average Variance Extracted (0.39) was higher than the shared covariance (0.14) between BGQ and K6, suggesting discriminant validity. Conclusions The results of this study support the reliability and validity of the BGQ in the Japanese population. Future studies should examine predictive validity by using structured interviews or more detailed scales for complicated grief.
Small Antennas in Wireless Communications

The objective of this paper is to provide the context, physical insight, and perspective on antennas in wireless communications. Although it does not mean to be comprehensive, the four key technologies related to small antenna designs to be reviewed and discussed, including multiband planar inverted-F antennas, broadband folded patch antennas, compact differentially fed antennas, and miniature circularly polarized patch antennas, would cover a wide range of topical interests and practical applications. A brief overview of computer software for analyzing these antennas is also provided. Hopefully, this paper will be beneficial for the diverse engineering readership of the IEEE.
Wolbachia in the Flesh: Symbiont Intensities in Germ-Line and Somatic Tissues Challenge the Conventional View of Wolbachia Transmission Routes

Symbionts can substantially affect the evolution and ecology of their hosts. The investigation of the tissue-specific distribution of symbionts (tissue tropism) can provide important insight into host-symbiont interactions. Among other things, it can help to discern the importance of specific transmission routes and potential phenotypic effects. The intracellular bacterial symbiont Wolbachia has been described as the greatest ever panzootic, due to the wide array of arthropods that it infects. Being primarily vertically transmitted, it is expected that the transmission of Wolbachia would be enhanced by focusing infection in the reproductive tissues. In social insect hosts, this tropism would logically extend to reproductive rather than sterile castes, since the latter constitute a dead-end for vertically transmission. Here, we show that Wolbachia are not focused on reproductive tissues of eusocial insects, and that non-reproductive tissues of queens and workers of the ant Acromyrmex echinatior, harbour substantial infections. In particular, the comparatively high intensities of Wolbachia in the haemolymph, fat body, and faeces, suggest potential for horizontal transmission via parasitoids and the faecal-oral route, or a role for Wolbachia modulating the immune response of this host. It may be that somatic tissues and castes are not the evolutionary dead-end for Wolbachia that is commonly thought.
Gait analysis : theory and application

Investigators and clinicians in a variety of settings use gait analysis in their diagnosis. The terminology used in each setting is unique which can cause confusion. This book brings it all together and presents both the diversity and common features of gait analysis. This comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach covers the limitations and problems occuring with present technology as well as the limits of our knowledge to date. Organized into four parts, part one begins with the case study of an individual with abnormal gait. Part two presents a more thorough discussion of the conceptual framework which forms the basis of gait analysis. Part three presents each of the primary approaches to gait analysis and part four shows applications of these assessment approaches.
Compact LTCC Tri-Band Filter Design

A compact multi-band bandpass filter design with low- temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology is proposed in this paper. Using divided combline resonators with grounded and coupled capacitors, dual-band (2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz) and tri- band (2, 4 and 7 GHz) bandpass filters are obtained. Moreover, while the number of the pass bands increase, the volume of the filter remains almost unchanged. The theoretical analysis of the prototype filters is described in the paper. The measurement and layouts of fabricated components are also presented.
Moslem Afrashteh Mehr Design and Implementation a New Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm using Genetic Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the user, and thus replacement of the energy source is not feasible. Hence, One of the most important issues that needs to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network is energy efficiency. to overcome this demerit many research have been done. The clustering is the one of the representative approaches. in the clustering, the cluster heads gather data from nodes and sending them to the base station. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic clustering algorithm using genetic algorithm. This algorithm takes different parameters into consideration to increase the network lifetime. To prove efficiency of proposed algorithm, we simulated the proposed algorithm compared with LEACH algorithm using the matlab Keywords—Wireless Sensor Networks, Clustering, Genetic algorithm, Energy Consumption
Preparing polyA-containing RNA internal standards for multiplex competitive RT-PCR.

PCR-based strategies such as competitive RT-PCR or semiquantitative RTPCR are commonly used for quantitating low-abundance mRNA transcripts (4,7–9). Competitive RT-PCR relies on amplifying the same target with a known amount of a competitor/reference sequence and comparing the relative amounts of the two PCR products. To improve the sensitivity and accuracy of these methods, often expensive and cumbersome techniques such as HPLC or the use of radioactivity have been used for PCR product quantitation (1,2, 6,10). Ideally, a good competitor should share with the mRNA target the same primers and most of the sequence, and the resulting PCR products should be easily discernible from one another and quantified (5,11). Usually, a single target is quantified by competitive RTPCR, and several reactions would be needed to quantitate multiple target sequences in a given RNA sample. We present here a versatile method to synthesize competitor polyA-extended RNA sequences, which are ideal for multiplex RT-PCR in which reverse transcription may be primed with oligo dT. We show that this multiplex competitive RT-PCR approach can be used to detect mRNA species as low as 103 molecules/reaction. A rapid PCR-based method to synthesize internal standards for competitive PCR has been previously described (3). Briefly, the target sequences are amplified with two primers, one conventional sense primer (Figure 1A, primer a) to be used for the subsequent experiments and a modified antisense primer (Figure 1A, primer b1). The resulting PCR products, which by design are approximately 10% shorter than the target sequences (Figure 1A), are gel purified and reamplified with a second pair of primers containing, respectively, a HindIII site (sense primer) and oligo dT21 followed by an XbaI site (antisense primer) (Figure 1B). These two PCR amplification steps can be combined, but the required primers would be quite long and there would be a risk of poor amplification. The PCR products are then digested with the two enzymes, gel purified and directionally cloned into pGem4Z (Promega, Milan, Italy) (Figure 1C). The recombinant plasmids are linearized with XbaI, and RNA synthesis is performed in vitro using a commercially available kit (Riboprobe; Promega) with minor modification to the manufacturer’s instructions (Figure 1D). Briefly, 2 μg linearized plasmid is incubated in 40 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.9 at 25°C), 10 mM NaCl, 6 mM MgCl2, 10 mM DTT, 2 mM spermidine, 0.05% Tween( 20, 0.5 mM each ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP and 40 U T7 RNA polymerase in a final volume of 100 μL for 2 h at 37°C. The samples are heated at 95°C for 2 min and placed on wet ice. Twenty microliters of the mixture is Benchmarks
Effectiveness and clinical applicability of integrated rehabilitation programs for knee osteoarthritis

Purpose of reviewKnee osteoarthritis is a common and increasing cause of pain and disability. Exercise and self-management interventions reduce pain and improve function. These interventions are usually delivered separately but, theoretically, the benefits of the physical approach of exercise and the educational approach of self-management interventions could be additive. If correct, rehabilitation programmes that integrate exercise and self-management components might be more effective. This review summarizes and comments on the clinical effectiveness, practicality, cost and implementation of recent studies of integrated rehabilitation programmes. Recent findingsThe programmes varied considerably in content and duration, but in general were safe and effective (improving pain, physical function and other relevant variables). The length, complexity and burden of some programmes limit their acceptability, clinical applicability and increase costs. The most recent programmes have addressed these issues producing programmes that are more clinically and cost-effective than usual care. Implementation of these programmes will require considerable effort and commitment. SummaryIntegrated rehabilitation programmes that are acceptable, clinically effective, deliverable and affordable may be the best way of managing the large and increasing number of people suffering chronic knee pain.
Caregiver Positive and Negative Appraisals: Effects of the National Alliance on Mental Illness Family-to-Family Intervention

Abstract The 3-month-long Family-to-Family intervention (FTF) has been shown to increase empowerment, knowledge, and coping and to reduce distress among caregivers of people with serious mental illness. We sought to determine the influence of FTF on caregivers' appraisal of their caregiving experience. Family members of individuals with mental illness who sought enrollment in FTF (n = 318) were randomly assigned to FTF or a waitlist condition. Positive and negative appraisals were measured using the Experiences of Caregiving Inventory at baseline and 3 months later; 259 participants completed both assessments. Regression analyses found significant increases in positive appraisal but no significant decreases in negative appraisals for those in the FTF condition. In the context of overall benefits from taking FTF, these relationships reflect the FTF curriculum's emphasis on positive coping (e.g., strength and empowerment) and the potential value of strategies that help caregivers increase positive appraisal.
Transmission des voies olfactives aux cellules réticulospinales de la lamproie

Olfactory inputs are known for their ability to induce specific motor behaviors. Despite numerous behavioral observations in vertebrates, the mechanisms and the neural pathways underlying the olfactory-locomotor transformation are still unknown. In lamprey, recent studies have described this pathway and the mechanism underlying the transformation of olfactory input into a locomotor activity (Derjean et al., 2010). This pathway originates in the medial part of the olfactory bulb, sends projections to the posterior tuberculum, a diencephalic region. From there, the neurons project directly to the mesencephalic locomotor region that is known to send projections to the reticulospinal neurons to activate locomotion. Using lamprey brain preparation, electrophysiology and calcium imaging, the aim of this study was to establish whether all reticulospinal neurons respond to olfactory stimuli. Electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerves, the medial part of the olfactory bulb or the posterior tuberculum activates all reticulospinal cells in the four reticular nuclei (ARRN: Anterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus; MRN: middle mesencephalic reticular nucleus; MRRN: middle rhombencephalic reticular nucleus; PRRN: posterior rhombencephalic reticular nucleus). The medial part of the olfactory bulb is the only region that is implicated in transmitting the olfactory information to reticulospinal neurons. We also discovered that when blocking the GABAergic receptors in the medial part of the olfactory bulb, the reticulospinal neurons have a stronger response to olfactory stimulation. Thus we showed that a tonic inhibition is involved in the modulating depression of the olfacto-locomotor pathway.
America’s New Nationalism

those with whom one does not necessarily have a quarrel in order to make a political point. One of terrorism's purposes and consequences is to inspire fear and other reactions that are disproportionate to the actual danger. This was an explicit goal of the nineteenth-century inventors of terrorism. They referred to terrorist acts as "the propaganda of the deed. " What mattered most to them was the propaganda. The deed was a means to an end, not an end in itself. It is not difficult to understand why terrorism was not known prior to the nineteenth century. Its invention reflects the emergence of a media of mass communications. In an earlier era, the means for disseminating propaganda through such deeds did not exist. Indeed, it is possible to be more precise about the connection between terrorism and the media. It was the invention of the telegraph at midcentury that made it possible for news to travel rapidly to distant places. That was also the moment when terrorism came on the scene, first in czarist Russia, but then in many other places. It did not take revolutionaries of various sorts long to figure out the uses they could make of the new opportunities for propaganda made possible by the advance in technology. In our era, thanks to a more recent technological innovation, satellite communications, the media can instantly disseminate images worldwide of the carnage caused by terrorist acts in Baghdad, Bali, Jerusalem, Karachi, Moscow, or New York. The propaganda value of such deeds is much greater than ever before. Unfortunately, the consequence is that
A Brief History of Context

Context is a rich concept and is an elusive concept to define. The concept of context has been studied by philosophers, linguists, psychologists, and recently by computer scientists. Within each research community the term context was interpreted in a certain way that is well-suited for their goals, however no attempt was made to define context. In many areas of research in computer science, notably on web-based services, human-computer interaction (HCI), ubiquitous computing applications, and context-aware systems there is a need to provide a formal operational definition of context. In this brief survey an account of the early work on context, as well as the recent work on many working definitions of context, context modeling, and a formalization of context are given. An attempt is made to unify the different context models within the formalization. A brief commentary on the usefulness of the formalization in the development of context-aware and dependable systems is included.
Modulation of Insulin Activities by Leptin

Leptin mediates its effects on food intake through the hypothalamic form of its receptor OB-R. Variants of OB-R are found in other tissues, but their function is unknown. Here, an OB-R variant was found in human hepatic cells. Exposure of these cells to leptin, at concentrations comparable with those present in obese individuals, caused attenuation of several insulin-induced activities, including tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), association of the adapter molecule growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 with IRS-1, and down-regulation of gluconeogenesis. In contrast, leptin increased the activity of IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These in vitro studies raise the possibility that leptin modulates insulin activities in obese individuals.
Investigating the Functional Utility of the Left Parietal ERP Old/New Effect: Brain Activity Predicts within But Not between Participant Variance in Episodic Recollection

A success story within neuroimaging has been the discovery of distinct neural correlates of episodic retrieval, providing insight into the processes that support memory for past life events. Here we focus on one commonly reported neural correlate, the left parietal old/new effect, a positive going modulation seen in event-related potential (ERP) data that is widely considered to index episodic recollection. Substantial evidence links changes in the size of the left parietal effect to changes in remembering, but the precise functional utility of the effect remains unclear. Here, using forced choice recognition of verbal stimuli, we present a novel population level test of the hypothesis that the magnitude of the left parietal effect correlates with memory performance. We recorded ERPs during old/new recognition, source accuracy and Remember/Know/Guess tasks in two large samples of healthy young adults, and successfully replicated existing within participant modulations of the magnitude of the left parietal effect with recollection. Critically, however, both datasets also show that across participants the magnitude of the left parietal effect does not correlate with behavioral measures of memory – including both subjective and objective estimates of recollection. We conclude that in these tasks, and across this healthy young adult population, the generators of the left parietal ERP effect do not index performance as expected. Taken together, these novel findings provide important constraints on the functional interpretation of the left parietal effect, suggesting that between group differences in the magnitude of old/new effects cannot always safely be used to infer differences in recollection.
Medicalizing Gender: How the Legal and Medical Professions Shaped Women's Experiences as Lawyers

Despite significant progress, women in the legal profession still have not advanced into positions of power at near the rate in which they saturate the legal market. Scholars agree that simply waiting for parity is not sufficient, and, thus, they have identified many of the barriers that contribute to women’s difficulties. To date, however, the role that scientific and medical understandings play on the evolution of law, and on women as lawyers, has not received examination until now. To this end, I posit that medicine played a significant role in shaping societal expectations and assumptions about gender, and was similarly influenced by already-existing societal assumptions about gender. This created a complex and substantial barrier that kept women from exploring options outside the “spheres” of society they traditionally occupied. This article explores how medically-supported gender theories, in practice, have actually operated to limit women’s professional progress, relegating them to traditional gender roles and halting their ascension in the ranks of the legal profession. I examine how this barrier operates in three ways: how early women lawyers adopted these medical theories into views about their own gender; how society and those around these early women lawyers adopted these views to shape expectations about women as lawyers; and how the court explicitly and implicitly relied on these assumptions about gender to keep women out of the legal profession. An examination of how these medical and scientific theories about gender have shaped the ways society views gender, and vice versa, can help illuminate the discussion on the barriers that impede modern women lawyers.
Clinical decisions support malfunctions in a commercial electronic health record

Summary Objectives: Determine if clinical decision support (CDS) malfunctions occur in a commercial electronic health record (EHR) system, characterize their pathways and describe methods of detection. Methods: We retrospectively examined the firing rate for 226 alert type CDS rules for detection of anomalies using both expert visualization and statistical process control (SPC) methods over a five year period. Candidate anomalies were investigated and validated. Results: Twenty-one candidate CDS anomalies were identified from 8,300 alert-months. Of these candidate anomalies, four were confirmed as CDS malfunctions, eight as false-positives, and nine could not be classified. The four CDS malfunctions were a result of errors in knowledge management: 1) inadvertent addition and removal of a medication code to the electronic formulary list; 2) a seasonal alert which was not activated; 3) a change in the base data structures; and 4) direct editing of an alert related to its medications. 154 CDS rules (68%) were amenable to SPC methods and the test characteristics were calculated as a sensitivity of 95%, positive predictive value of 29% and F-measure 0.44. Discussion: CDS malfunctions were found to occur in our EHR. All of the pathways for these malfunctions can be described as knowledge management errors. Expert visualization is a robust method of detection, but is resource intensive. SPC-based methods, when applicable, perform reasonably well retrospectively. Conclusion: CDS anomalies were found to occur in a commercial EHR and visual detection along with SPC analysis represents promising methods of malfunction detection. Citation: Kassakian SZ, Yackel TR, Gorman PN, Dorr DA. Clinical decisions support malfunctions in a commercial electronic health record. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 910–923 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-01-RA-0006
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine Open Access Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants among the Tribal Communities of Chhota Bhangal, Western Himalaya

The importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices, providing clues to new areas of research and in biodiversity conservation is now well recognized. However, information on the uses for plants for medicine is lacking from many interior areas of Himalaya. Keeping this in view the present study was initiated in a tribal dominated hinterland of western Himalaya. The study aimed to look into the diversity of plant resources that are used by local people for curing various ailments. Questionnaire surveys, participatory observations and field visits were planned to illicit information on the uses of various plants. It was found that 35 plant species are commonly used by local people for curing various diseases. In most of the cases (45%) under ground part of the plant was used. New medicinal uses of Ranunculus hirtellus and Anemone rupicola are reported from this area. Similarly, preparation of "sik" a traditional recipe served as a nutritious diet to pregnant women is also not documented elsewhere. Implication of developmental activities and changing socioeconomic conditions on the traditional knowledge are also discussed.