Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metabonomics with 1H-NMR spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applied to the investigation of metabolic changes caused by gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat

Abstract The model nephrotoxin gentamicin was administered to male Wistar-derived rats daily, for 7 days, at 60 mg kg−1 day−1, subcutaneously, twice daily. Conventional clinical chemistry urinalysis showed a significant increase in N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity from day 3. At necropsy on day 9, clear histological damage to the kidney was noted with all animals showing a generally severe nephropathy primarily focused on the proximal convoluted tubules. The urinary excretion pattern of endogenous metabolites over the time course of the study was studied using a combination of 1H-NMR spectroscopy and HPLC-TOF-MS/MS using electrospray ionization (ESI). Changes in the pattern of endogenous metabolites as a result of daily administration of gentamicin were readily detected by both techniques with significant perturbations of the urinary profile observed from day 7 onwards. The findings by 1H-NMR included raised glucose and reduced trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Changes in metabonomic profiles were observed by HPLC-MS in both positive and negative ESI. The MS data showed reduced xanthurenic acid and kynurenic acid, whilst neutral loss experiments also revealed a changed pattern of sulphate conjugation on gentamicin administration.
Semi-supervised saliency classifier based on a linear feedback control system model

Linear feedback control systems (LFCS) are amenable to numerous object recognition and detection tasks on account of its functional properties in signal filtering and error correction. In fact, there exists an intimate relationship between control states and salient values. Therefore, we propose a novel semi-supervised classifier which makes use of linear feedback control theory to improve saliency detection performance. First, we develop a boundary homogeneity model to estimate the initial saliency and background likelihoods, which may lead to the labeled samples in our semi-supervised learning procedure. Then in order to allocate an optimized saliency value to each superpixel, we present an iterative semi-supervised learning framework which integrates multiple saliency cues and image features using a LCSF model. Via an innovative iteration method, the system gradually converges an optimized stable state, which is associating with an accurate saliency map. Based on our experiments on public datasets, it can be demonstrated that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Rhetorical strategies of the radical ‐ revolutionary

This article classifies the rhetorical strategies of the action agents of the New Left in America. The author begins by describing the national scene in 1968 which led to a major shift from protest to militancy. He then lists the terms which characterize the ideology of the radical movement and unite its diverse elements. The key term which marks the change after 1968 is “revolutionary. ” The five strategies which identify the movement are: political revolutionary, cultural revolutionary, urban guerrilla, political anarchist and superstar. The author then deals with each of these five in turn, providing a rationale for its strategy and offering some examples from recent history which epitomize that strategy in action. The author concludes that while different, the five strategies complement one another. He suggests that assessment of the effectiveness of the movement may consider any one of the five individually or in context with the others.
Studies of human histone messenger RNA. I. Methods for the isolation and partial characterization of RNA fractions containing human histone message from HeLa S3 polyribosomes.

Large quantities of nonpolyadenylated [poly(A(-))] 4 to 18 S RNA were isolated from the polyribosomes of S phase HeLa S3 cells and were fractionated into multiple discrete RNA components by continuous elution preparative electrophoresis. Previous studies have shown that treatment os S phase HeLa cells with cytosine arabinoside inhibits DNA replication and causes translatable histone messenger RNA (mRNA) species to disappear from cytoplasmic polyribosomes (Borun, T. W., Scharff, M.D., and Robbins, E. (1967) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 58, 1977-1983; Gallwitz, D. , and Mueller, G. C. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 5948-5952; Borun, T. W. , Gabrielli, F. , Ajiro, K. , Zweidler, A. , and Baglioni, C. (1975) Cell 4, 59-67; Gallwitz, D. (1975) Nature 257, 247-248). In the present study it was found that cytosine arabinoside treatment does not appreciably affect major 7.5 to 8 S RNA species but does cause the disappearance of 8.6 to 13 S RNA components from preparative electrophoresis elution profiles of S phase polyribosomal 4 to 18 S RNA. Base ratio analysis of the 8.6 to 13 S putative histone mRNA species indicates that they are GC-rich but not like the HeLa 18 or 28 S rRNA in base composition.
Male infants with hypospadias and/or cryptorchidism show a lower 2D/4D digit ratio than normal boys

Background In humans the ratio of the index finger to the ring finger is sexually dimorphic, with the mean ratio being larger in women than in men. It has been suggested that this difference is related to prenatal androgen exposure. This has been further demonstrated in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Normal development of the male external genitalia is linked to androgen-mediated events during gestation. We therefore wanted to determine if the 2D:4D digit ratio was normal in boys with cryptorchidism or hypospadias. Methods We prospectively enrolled all prepubertal patients seen in the outpatient clinic for cryptorchidism or hypospadias between September and December 2012. We then compared their 2D:4D digit ratio with two control groups made up of normal boys and normal girls. Interobserver and intraobserver variability was evaluated. Results We included 57 boys with hypospadias and/or cryptorchidism, 79 boys without genital abnormalities and 25 girls without genital abnormalities. The mean 2D:4D ratio for both hands was significantly different between the three groups, with the digit ratio for boys with genital anomalies being lower than for normal boys and normal girls (p<0.0001). Conclusions It appears that boys with genital abnormalities (cryptorchidism and/or hypospadias) have a lower 2D:4D digit ratio than boys without genital anomalies.
The effect of mode of ventilation on cerebral oxygenation during static exercise

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of the mode of ventilation on the cerebral oxygenation during heavy static exercise. Eight subjects performed static arm flexion exercise (70～80％ of the maximal voluntary contraction force) with the following three different ventilation mode ; exercise with continued ventilation (CONT), exercise with concomitant breath holding (EX＋BH), and exercise with pre-exercise hyperventilation (HV＋EX). The levels of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2), deoxy-hemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (THb) in the left prefrontal cortex were continuously monitored by the Nearinfrared spectoroscopy (NIRS). The main findings in the present study are as follows : 1) In EX＋BH, prefrontal cortex O2Hb and THb during exercise show sharper and more marked increase than in CONT ; and 2) In HV＋EX, prefrontal cortex O2Hb and THb responses during exercise were significantly smaller than those in CONT. These results show that the respiration mode before and during exercise affects prefrontal cortex oxygenation and blood volume during heavy static exercise.
The effects of an incremental approach to 10,000 steps/day on metabolic syndrome components in sedentary overweight women.

BACKGROUND Pedometer programs can increase physical activity in sedentary individuals, a population that is at risk for developing metabolic syndrome and each of its individual components. Although the popular 10,000 steps/day recommendation has shown to induce many favorable health benefits, it may be out of reach for sedentary individuals. This study observed the effects of incremental increases in steps/day on metabolic syndrome components in sedentary overweight women. METHODS This study was a longitudinal, quasi-experimental design. Participants were recruited from a 12-week work-site pedometer program and grouped as either 'active' or 'control' after the intervention based on their steps/day improvement. Self-reported physical activity, pedometer assessed physical activity, BMI, resting heart rate, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-C, and fasting glucose were measured before and after the program. RESULTS The active group showed significant within-group improvements in waist circumference and fasting glucose. Significant group differences were observed in resting heart rate, BMI, and systolic blood pressure; however, the changes observed in systolic blood pressure were not independent of weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Incremental increases in steps/day induced favorable changes in some MetS components suggesting that this approach is a viable starting point for sedentary individuals that may find it difficult to initially accumulate 10,000 steps/day.
The Expression of Tissue‐type Plasminogen Activator, Matrix Metalloproteases and Endogenous Inhibitors in the Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis: Comparison of Stages in Lesion Evolution

The expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and a number of metalloproteases as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-I) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1) was analyzed in the central nervous system (CNS) of normal control and multiple sclerosis (MS) cases by immunohistopathology. The expression of t-PA was detectable only in the blood vessel matrix in control white matter, but positive infiltrating mononuclear cells were also observed in MS white matter and primary lesions. In active plaques this pattern converted to strong positivity of foamy macrophages in areas of demyelination, declining in chronic lesions. In general PAI-1 expression paralleled that of t-PA. Gelatinase A and B were detected predominantly in astrocytes and microglia throughout normal control white matter, with additional positive mononuclear cells in perivascular cuffs in MS white matter. In the demyelinating lesion there is widespread prominent expression of gelatinase B in reactive astrocytes and macrophages, which persists in astrocytes in the chronic lesion. TIMP-1 was also present in the vessel matrix and in lesional macrophages. These observations on the coexpression of enzymes and inhibitors of the matrix degrading cascade in CNS tissue pinpoint t-PA, a -limiting enzyme, and gelatinase B as therapeutic targets in MS.
Interaction of the anticancer agent Taxol (paclitaxel) with phospholipid bilayers.

Taxol (paclitaxel), a promising agent for use in ovarian and breast cancer, was incorporated into lipid vesicles (liposomes) composed of different saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, as well as saturated phosphatidylcholines mixed with the anionic phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine (DMPS) at different molar ratios, to yield information about Taxol-liposome interactions. For the physicochemical characterization of the thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic properties of these mixtures, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), steady-state fluorescence depolarization, and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy was used. Time-dependent DSC measurements on 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/Taxol mixtures of different concentrations were performed to yield information on the long-term stability of Taxol-liposome complexes. Partitioning of Taxol into saturated lipid bilayers results in changes of membrane physical properties, such as phase transition temperatures and lipid order parameter, that are different from those observed for unsaturated and charged phospholipid bilayers. Taxol incorporated into saturated phospholipids changes their thermotropic phase behavior: it reduces the lipid order parameter (i.e., has a "fluidizing" effect) in the gel phase of the lipid bilayers. On the contrary, partitioning of Taxol into unsaturated fluid phospholipid bilayers has a slight "rigidization" effect. The saturated lipid bilayer systems DPPC and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine/DMPS have been identified with the highest incorporation efficiency for Taxol and are thus candidates for drug vehicles that can improve the therapeutic efficacy of Taxol.
Multi Class Learning with Individual Sparsity

Multi class problems are everywhere. Given an input the goal is to predict one of a few possible classes. Most previous work reduced learning to minimizing the empirical loss over some training set and an additional regularization term, prompting simple models or some other prior knowledge. Many learning regularizations promote sparsity, that is, small models or small number of features, as performed in group LASSO. Yet, such models do not always represent the classes well. In some problems, for each class, there is a small set of features that represents it well, yet the union of these sets is not small. We propose to use other regularizations that promote this type of sparsity, analyze the generalization property of such formulations, and show empirically that indeed, these regularizations not only perform well, but also promote such sparsity structure.
Pretreatment Effect of Folic Acid on 13-Cis-RA-Induced Cellular Damage of Developing Midfacial Processes in Cultured Rat Embryos

Objective: Excess treatment of 13-cis-RA (Accutane®) on pregnant women induces craniofacial malformation found in infants. However, the effect of folic acid on 13-cis-RA-induced cellular damages of developing midfacial processes is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pretreatment effect of folic acid (FA) on 13-cis-RA-induced cellular damage in developing midfacial processes in rat embryos. Materials and Methods: The rat embryos at developing midfacial processes were performed by whole embryo culture in vitro, in the presence of 13-cis-RA (20 µM) with or without pre-treatment of FA (100 µM). The midfacial morphogenesis score, PCNA and TUNEL assay staining were evaluated for morphogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis of the midfacial processes, respectively. Results: The 13-cis-RA-treated embryos at 24h showed atrophy of midfacial processes with significantly decreased morphogenesis score and cell proliferation, and increased apoptotic cell death. In contrast, the embryos pre-treated with FA for 18h, followed by 13-cis-RA treatment for 24h (FA-RA) showed significantly greater morphogenesis score, increased cell proliferation and lower apoptotic cell death compared to those of the 13-cis-RA-treated embryos. Conclusion: The results suggest that FA reduced the teratogenic effects of 13-cis-RA on midfacial process tissue. Future investigations regarding the anti-teratogenic mechanism of FA on the prevention of damages in midface processes induced by 13-cis-RA on pregnant woman are warranted.
Structure of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 with the essential Mg2+ cofactor

Human AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) belongs to the DNase I-like superfamily of enzymes that require divalent cation(s) to catalyze phosphoryl-transfer reactions. A new 1.92 Å resolution crystal structure of APE1 reveals ideal octahedral coordination of a single Mg2+ ion and informs on the role of this essential cofactor.
The influence of alarm timing on driver response to collision warning systems following system failure

This driving simulator study focuses on false and missing alarms produced by a forward collision warning system and estimates the effect of alarm timing on driver response to alarm malfunction from the perspective of driver trust in alarms. The results show that drivers who experience late alarms are reluctant to respond to a false alarm and are not influenced by a missed alarm; however, drivers who experience early alarms tend to respond to a false alarm and suffer a delayed response to critical situations when a missing alarm happens. Furthermore, drivers whose judgement of trust is relatively high, tend to exhibit delayed braking, compared with drivers that have lower levels of trust. Driver behaviour towards false and missed alarms may vary according to alarm timing and its influence on trust in alarms; moreover, impaired system effectiveness caused by alarm malfunction may be mitigated by manipulating alarm timing.
Expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor protein in activated microglia of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encephalitis

The role of neurotrophic factors and their therapeutic potential have been investigated in various neurodegenerative disorders. In neurodegeneration associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, neuronal function and survival may be affected by abnormal neurotrophic regulation involving HIV‐infected microglia and reactive astrocytes. To characterize the cellular localization of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high‐affinity tyrosine kinase receptor, trkB, proteins in HIV‐1 encephalitis, we examined post‐mortem brains from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and brains from non‐HIV‐infected controls. Using double immunofluorescent confocal microscopy, we found that BDNF immunoreactivity was distributed in neocortical neuronal perikarya and neuritic processes, while in the striatum only neurites were BDNF‐immunoreactive. Additionally, the striatum with HIV infection was characterized by BDNF immunoreactivity in infiltrating activated microglia/macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Catalytic trkB receptor immunoreactivity was observed in neuronal perikarya in the neocortex and striatum, as well as in reactive astrocytes within HIV‐infected regions. Our findings suggest that expression of BDNF by activated microglia in HIV‐1 encephalitis may affect neuronal survival and astroglial response through corresponding trkB receptors.
MULTILEVEL HIERARCHICAL DLQ ALGORITHM FOR NETWORK DISCOVERY IN WSN

Neighbour discovery is the determination of all nodes in the network that can communicate with a given node. Routing typically begins with neighbour discovery. Discovering neighbours should be both quick as well as energy efficient. Many algorithms which mostly work at a protocol level had been developed for neighbour discovery. Here a new method for neighbour node discovery that maximizes network lifetime is proposed. The basic idea accounts for clustering using Hausdorff distance and selecting wireless links having good link quality for routing packets . The nodes form clusters based on the Hausdorff distance . The clusters are formed only once but the role of cluster head is rotated among the cluster members . After cluster formation , the wireless link quality and minimum Hausdorff distance is checked for inter cluster communication. The link having better reliability is selected which minimizes the retransmissions and manages energy. Re-clustering is done when the energy of cluster head falls below particular threshold energy.
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION: THE VIEW FROM THE PEWS

Abstract How do religious factors influence public attitudes toward “cooperative internationalism"? This essay uses four large‐sample studies of public attitudes that include questions on both economic globalization and religious affiliation. We observe the distinctiveness of evangelicals on basic assessments of globalization, views on associated policies, and willingness to create international institutions. If evangelicals are the “new internationalists,” that status is not evident in this study's comparison. The most positive stances on these items usually come from an “internationalist” coalition of religious minorities. Mainline Protestants and white Catholics look remarkably alike in responses to virtually every issue—and tend to determine which way the public leans.
Quaternion-Based Image Hashing for Adaptive Tampering Localization

Image-hashing-based tampering detection methods have been widely studied with continuous advancements. However, most of existing models are designed for a specific tampering. In this paper, we propose a novel quaternion-based image hashing to detect almost all types of tampering, including color changing, copy move, splicing, and so on. First, the quaternion Fourier-Mellin transform is used to calculate the geometric hash to eliminate the influence of geometric distortions. Then, a new quaternion image construction method, which combines advantages of both color and structural features, is proposed to implement the quaternion Fourier transform to calculate the image feature hash to locate the tampered regions. The objective is to provide a reasonably short image hashing with good performance, i.e., being perceptually robust against various content-preserving attacks while capable of detecting and locating almost all types of tampering. Furthermore, an adaptive tampering localization algorithm is proposed based on clustering analysis to improve the detection accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed tampering detection model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art models and is very robust against various content-preserving attacks.
A Numerical Simulation of Full 3D Model of Net-Cage Structure - Mooring Line Tension

As the mariculture is expanding more to the offshore location because of the limitations of the space in near shore locations it becomes necessary to predict the behavior of the fishing cage structure when it is exposed to the more harsh environmental conditions of offshore region. The proposed model is a fully 3D dynamic model of fishing net with floaters and sinkers. The model is based on a super-element formulation where the net structure is divided into four-sided superelements interconnected in each corner node. The model is simulated and analyzed by OrcaFlex software which is a 3D non-linear time domain finite element program capable of dealing with arbitrarily large deflections of the flexible from the initial configuration. In the present study the results analyzed are the behavior of mooring line in various waves and current conditions. Also the effect of different sinker systems is investigated.
Insights into Bacteriophage Application in Controlling Vibrio Species

Bacterial infections from various organisms including Vibrio sp. pose a serious hazard to humans in many forms from clinical infection to affecting the yield of agriculture and aquaculture via infection of livestock. Vibrio sp. is one of the main foodborne pathogens causing human infection and is also a common cause of losses in the aquaculture industry. Prophylactic and therapeutic usage of antibiotics has become the mainstay of managing this problem, however, this in turn led to the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of bacteria in the environment; which has raised awareness of the critical need for alternative non-antibiotic based methods of preventing and treating bacterial infections. Bacteriophages – viruses that infect and result in the death of bacteria – are currently of great interest as a highly viable alternative to antibiotics. This article provides an insight into bacteriophage application in controlling Vibrio species as well underlining the advantages and drawbacks of phage therapy.