Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ZiFi: wireless LAN discovery via ZigBee interference signatures

WiFi networks have enjoyed an unprecedent penetration rate in recent years. However, due to the limited coverage, existing WiFi infrastructure only provides intermittent connectivity for mobile users. Once leaving the current network coverage, WiFi clients must actively discover new WiFi access points (APs), which wastes the precious energy of mobile devices. Although several solutions have been proposed to address this issue, they either require significant modifications to existing network infrastructures or rely on context information that is not available in unknown environments. In this work, we develop a system called ZiFi that utilizes ZigBee radios to identify the existence of WiFi networks through unique interference signatures generated by WiFi beacons. We develop a new digital signal processing algorithm called Common Multiple Folding (CMF) that accurately amplifies periodic beacons in WiFi interference signals. ZiFi also adopts a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector that can minimize the false negative (FN) rate of WiFi beacon detection while satisfying the user-specified upper bound on false positive (FP) rate. We have implemented ZiFi on two platforms, a Linux netbook integrating a TelosB mote through the USB interface, and a Nokia N73 smartphone integrating a ZigBee card through the miniSD interface. Our experiments show that, under typical settings, ZiFi can detect WiFi APs with high accuracy (<5% total FP and FN rate), short delay (~780 ms), and little computation overhead
Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Lipid Oxidation and Warmed-over Flavor of Precooked Roast Beef

Many manufacturing processes damage the structure of meat products and this often contributes to lipid oxidation which could influence warmed-over flavor (WOF) in precooked beef that is reheated beef. Electrical stimulation causes contraction of muscles and improves tissue tenderization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of lipid oxidation or warmed-over flavor that could be affected by electrical stimulation of precooked roast beef after refrigerated storage and reheating. The results show that there was no significant difference between chemical compositions and cooking yields when comparing non-electrically stimulated and electrically stimulated roast beef. Moreover, electrical stimulation had no significant effect on oxidative stability and off-flavor problems of precooked roast beef as evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory test (warmed-over aroma and warmed-over flavor). However, there was an increased undesirable WOF and a decrease in tenderness for both ES and Non-ES treatments over refrigerated storage time. Electrical stimulation did cause reactions of amino acids or other compounds to decrease the desirable beef flavor in re-cooked meat.
The Practical Benefits of General Intelligence

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH MEETINGNASHVILLE, TENNESSEE-- About 60 psychologists, cognitive scientists, and psychometricians gathered here last month for the society's third annual meeting. Researchers defended the traditional IQ test and discussed differences in brain activity between people with high IQs and those with low ones.
Interleukin 17 induces cartilage collagen breakdown: novel synergistic effects in combination with proinflammatory cytokines

Objective: To investigate whether interleukin 17 (IL17), derived specifically from T cells, can promote type II collagen release from cartilage. The ability of IL17 to synergise with other proinflammatory mediators to induce collagen release from cartilage, and what effect anti-inflammatory agents had on this process, was also assessed. Methods: IL17 alone, or in combination with IL1, IL6, oncostatin M (OSM), or tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), was added to bovine nasal cartilage explant cultures. Proteoglycan and collagen release were determined. Collagenolytic activity was determined by bioassay. Chondroprotective effects of IL4, IL13, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) were assessed by inclusion in the explant cultures. Results: IL17 alone stimulated a dose dependent release of proteoglycan and type II collagen from bovine nasal cartilage explants. Suboptimal doses of IL17 synergised potently with TNFα, IL1, OSM, and IL6 to promote collagen degradation. This collagen release was completely inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and BB-94 (a synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor), and was significantly reduced by IL4, IL13, TGFβ1, and IGF1. In IL17 treated chondrocytes, mRNA expression for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 was detected. Moreover, a synergistic induction of these MMPs was seen when IL17 was combined with other proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: IL17 can, alone and synergistically in combination with other proinflammatory cytokines, promote chondrocyte mediated MMP dependent type II collagen release from cartilage. Because levels of all these proinflammatory cytokines are raised in rheumatoid synovial fluids, this study suggests that IL17 may act as a potent upstream mediator of cartilage collagen breakdown in inflammatory joint diseases.
Gender and Ethnic Changes in Physical Work Capacity from Childhood through Adolescence

Abstract This study determined gender and ethnic differences in physical work capacity (PWC170) of 8–16-year-old American youth as they progress from elementary to high school. A multicohort group of 2,540 youth participated: 50.4% girls (21.4% African Americans, and 78.6% Caucasians). PWCI70 was predicted from cycle ergometer testing six times over a 7-year period. The absolute PWC 170 of girls stabilized in early adolescence, while boys increased with each trial. The PWC170 relative to body weight of girls decreased steadily, whereas the boys remained stable. African Americans had greater absolute PWC170 values than Caucasians (p =. 0001). The relative PWC 170 was lower for African American girls than Caucasian girls (p = . 0001), but there were no ethnic differences for boys (p > .05). Although correlations and grouping suggested moderate tracking, girls with high relative PWC170 tended to migrate to lower levels as they aged, where as high-performing boys maintained their PWC170 as they aged.
The Mindful Path to Self-Compassion: Freeing Yourself from Destructive Thoughts and Emotions

Mindfulness Psychotherapy The Mindful Path to Self-Compassion: Freeing Yourself from Destructive Thoughts and Emotions Germer CK. New York (NY): Guilford Publications; 2009. 306 p. US$19.95 Reviewer rating: Excellent Over 30 years ago, Jon Kabat Zinn introduced mindfulness meditation practices to a broader Western audience through his mindfulness-based stress reduction program. In recent years, research has supported the effectiveness of a mindfulness program in preventing relapse of major depressive disorder (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy). Other mindfulness programs have been developed for people with substance disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain. Mindfulness is also an integral part of acceptance and commitment therapy and dialectical behaviour therapy, 2 psychological treatment approaches that are being used for a wide range of diagnoses and that are developing a broad evidence base to support their use. In his book, The Mindful Path to Self-Compassion: Freeing Yourself from Destructive Thoughts and Emotions, Dr Christopher Germer (PhD) presents another approach, also based in Buddhist psychological teachings, that is intended as a complement to mindfulness. Germer has written a book that may be useful both to therapists and patients as an alternative approach to helping with what is at the core of much of our suffering: self-criticism and shame. The book is divided into 3 parts: "Discovering SelfCompassion," "Practicing Loving-Kindness," and "Customizing Self-Compassion. " In the first part, we are introduced to the concept of self-compassion as "acceptance of ourselves while we're in pain. "1133 Starting with the premise that many of us are not even aware of our suffering, or where it comes from, mindfulness meditation practices are introduced as a technique for developing more awareness of emotions and experiences in the body. Both formal (mindfulness of body, walking meditation) and informal practices are outlined. Rather than including a CD with the book, Germer's website1 has links to mp3 recordings of guided practices that are free to listen to or download. In my experience with personal practice and working with patients, this kind of recording is essential. It is very difficult to translate a written description of a meditation practice into a useful experience of doing the practice. Germer's recordings are well done and will assist readers in making use of his work. The second part of the book builds on the foundation of the mindfulness practices and introduces the core technique of the book: loving-kindness meditation. …
Diffusion gradient temporal difference for cooperative reinforcement learning with linear function approximation

We introduce a diffusion-based algorithm in which multiple agents cooperate to predict a common and global state-value function by sharing local estimates and local gradient information among neighbors. Our algorithm is a fully distributed implementation of the gradient temporal difference with linear function approximation, to make it applicable to multiagent settings. Simulations illustrate the benefit of cooperation in learning, as made possible by the proposed algorithm.
Perianaesthetic management of patients with endocrine disease

Hyper‐ or hypofunctioning endocrine organs present a number of perianaesthetic challenges. This review covers some of the issues of perianaesthetic management of patients with primary or coexisting pathology of the following endocrine organs: The pancreas with diabetes mellitus as the most common endocrine cause of primary and secondary organ dysfunctions affecting anaesthetic care. Adrenal cortical pathology with excess or deficiency of adrenocortical hormones. Pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla with infrequent but challenging perianaesthetic problems. Thyroid gland diseases with hyper‐ or hypothyroidism. Parathyroid gland pathology with hypercalcaemia or hypocalcaemia. Disorders of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland. The carcinoid syndrome and more uncommon endocrinopathies such as adenomas from the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tissues and the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are also reviewed briefly.
Accuracy of pepsinogens for early diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in Iranian population

Background: Currently, non-invasive methods for screening atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of serological parameters including serum pepsinogen I (PGI), pepsinogen II (PGII) and pepsinogen I: II ratio for the screening atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Methods: The study population consisted of 132 dyspeptic patients who had undergone upper endoscopy with biopsy. Blood samples for ELISA assays of serum PGI, PGII and IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori were drawn. Comparison between the two groups was done by Student’s t- test, and Mann Whitney test. Cut-off points were calculated using receiver operating curves (ROC). Results: Mean (±SD) age of the study population was 51.4 (±15.5) years. Values of PGI and PG ratio decreased significantly in the atrophic gastritis as compared with the control group (p<0.05). Values of PG and PG ratio didn’t show any significant difference between the gastric cancer and control group (p>0.05). For patients with atrophic gastritis, the area under the ROC for PGI was 0.639 (95% CI:0.538-0.741, p=0.008) in which the best cut-off value was 40μg/L (sensitivity 90%, specificity 67%, accuracy 69%, negative predictive value 92%, YI : 0.429). The area under the ROC for PG ratio was 0.711 (95% CI: 0.617–0.806, p=0.0001) and the best cut-off value was 8 (sensitivity 71%, specificity 71%, accuracy 71%, negative predictive value 86%,YI : 0.431). Conclusion: It seems that PGI, PGI: PGII ratio is potential biomarkers for screening atrophic gastritis with high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and negative predictive value. Serology could be used as a screening method for the detection of precancerous states due to its convenience, relative low cost and safety.
CONSTRAINTS ON THE STEADY AND PULSED VHE -RAY EMISSION FROM OBSERVATION OF PSR B1951+32 / CTB 80 WITH THE MAGIC TELESCOPE

We report on VHE -observations with the MAGIC telescope of the pulsar PSR B1951+32 and its associated nebula CTB 80. Our data constrain the cutoff energy of the pulsar to be 75GeV is 4.3 · 10 −11 photons cm −2 sec −1 and the upper limit on the flux of steady emission > 140GeV is 1.5 · 10 −11 photons cm −2 sec −1 . We discuss our results in the framework of recent model predictions and other studies. Subject headings: CTB 80, PSR B1951+32, Pulsar wind nebula, Pulsar
Stability assessment of distributed multiconverter systems in automated grid

In this paper a comprehensive dynamic stability of current control approach for multi-unit pulse-width modulated (PWM) voltage source converters (VSCs) is presented. The model is based on radial topology of converters for harvesting controllable distributed energy recourses (DERs) across the distribution level of power grid. The control system has feedback compensation and limits the disturbances featuring fast regulation which is adjusted for multi-converter system. The controller enables islanded and grid-connected operations of DERs regardless of load types. The load dynamics will be included as feedforward compensation to provide perfect regulation of the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The current controller is scrutinized under the system dynamics and transitions. In the islanded mode, one of the controllable units provides voltage and frequency control as a master controller and the other units operate based on the grid-connected control strategy in the slave mode. The slave converters can be used properly as interface of DERs or for the active integration of converter-interfaced loads (CILs). The stability assessment of the system is presented based on a detailed simulation. The simulation results show that the controller for the islanded parallel converters can ensure the stability of the system when converters are tied together.
Letter: short‐term efficacy of tacrolimus in steroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis

tion frequency, need for steroids, immunomodulators and re-operations, and also an increased risk of loss of response to antitumour necrosis factor therapies. Our data now confirm an increased risk of recurrence of stricture after endoscopic dilation. Smoking cessation unequivocally improves the course of CD. In a controlled trial, Cosnes et al. showed that ex-smokers had a 65% lower risk of disease flare-ups than patients who continued smoking. Hence, smoking cessation is a very important goal in the management of CD and should be a primary therapeutic aim in smokers with the disease. In addition to positive effects on bowel disease, it also yields additional positive health effects on cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors’ declarations of personal and financial interests are unchanged from those in the original article.
Delay uncertainty due to supply variations in static and dynamic full adders

In this paper, the delay uncertainty due to supply variations is investigated for two important full adder topologies. In particular, it is developed an analytical model of the delay sensitivity to supply variations for the static mirror adder and the dynamic dual-rail domino adder. The model is general and very simple, and allows for identifying the main parameters which define the delay uncertainty due to supply variations, as well as deriving design considerations. In particular, the importance of the input rise/fall time variations is clarified, and the effect of the supply voltage reduction and technology scaling is discussed. Results are validated through SPICE simulations with a 0.18-mum and a 0.35-mum technology
Genomic and Epigenomic Instability, Fragile Sites, Schizophrenia and Autism

Increasing evidence links genomic and epigenomic instability, including multiple fragile sites regions to neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and autism. Cancer is the only other disease associated with multiple fragile site regions, and genome and epigenomic instability is a characteristic of cancer. Research on cancer is far more advanced than research on neuropsychiatric disease; hence, insight into neuropsychiatric disease may be derived from cancer research results. Towards this end, this article will review the evidence linking schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases (especially autism) to genomic and epigenomic instability, and fragile sites. The results of studies on genetic, epigenetic and environmental components of schizophrenia and autism point to the importance of the folate-methionine-transulfuration metabolic hub that is diseases also perturbed in cancer. The idea that the folate-methionine-transulfuration hub is important in neuropsychiatric is exciting because this hub present novel targets for drug development, suggests some drugs used in cancer may be useful in neuropsychiatric disease, and raises the possibility that nutrition interventions may influence the severity, presentation, or dynamics of disease.
HTTP-session Model and Its Application in Anomaly HTTP Traffic Detection

Different from most existing studies on Web session identification for commerce purposes, a novel dynamic real time HTTP-session processes description method is presented in this paper for detecting the anomaly HTTP traffic for network boundary. The proposed scheme doesn't rely on presupposed threshold and client/server-side data which are widely used in traditional session detection approaches. A new parameter is defined based on inter-arrival time of HTTP requests. A nonlinear algorithm is introduced for quantization. Trained by the quantized sequences, nonparametric hidden Markov model with explicit state duration is applied to cluster and scout the HTTP-session processes. A probability function is derived for predicting HTTP-session processes. The deviation between the prediction result and the real observation is used for sham Web behavior detection. Experiments based on real HTTP traces of large-scale Web proxies are implemented to valid the proposal.
Fixational instability and natural image statistics: Implications for early visual representations

Under natural viewing conditions, small movements of the eye, head and body prevent the maintenance of a steady direction of gaze. It is known that stimuli tend to fade when they are stabilized on the retina for several seconds. However, it is unclear whether the physiological motion of the retinal image serves a visual purpose during the brief periods of natural visual fixation. This study examines the impact of fixational instability on the statistics of the visual input to the retina and on the structure of neural activity in the early visual system. We show that fixational instability introduces a component in the retinal input signals that, in the presence of natural images, lacks spatial correlations. This component strongly influences neural activity in a model of the LGN. It decorrelates cell responses even if the contrast sensitivity functions of simulated cells are not perfectly tuned to counter-balance the power-law spectrum of natural images. A decorrelation of neural activity at the early stages of the visual system has been proposed to be beneficial for discarding statistical redundancies in the input signals. The results of this study suggest that fixational instability might contribute to the establishment of efficient representations of natural stimuli.
The Primate Amygdala Mediates Acute Fear But Not the Behavioral and Physiological Components of Anxious Temperament

Temperamentally anxious individuals can be identified in childhood and are at risk to develop anxiety and depressive disorders. In addition, these individuals tend to have extreme asymmetric right prefrontal brain activity. Although common and clinically important, little is known about the pathophysiology of anxious temperament. Regardless, indirect evidence from rodent studies and difficult to interpret primate studies is used to support the hypothesis that the amygdala plays a central role. In previous studies using rhesus monkeys, we characterized an anxious temperament endophenotype that is associated with excessive anxiety and fear-related responses and increased electrical activity in right frontal brain regions. To examine the role of the amygdala in mediating this endophenotype and other fearful responses, we prepared monkeys with selective fiber sparing ibotenic acid lesions of the amygdala. Unconditioned trait-like anxiety–fear responses remained intact in monkeys with >95% bilateral amygdala destruction. In addition, the lesions did not affect EEG frontal asymmetry. However, acute unconditioned fear responses, such as those elicited by exposure to a snake and to an unfamiliar threatening conspecific were blunted in monkeys with >70% lesions. These findings demonstrate that the primate amygdala is involved in mediating some acute unconditioned fear responses but challenge the notion that the amygdala is the key structure underlying the dispositional behavioral and physiological characteristics of anxious temperament.
Axiomatic and Tableau-Based Reasoning for Kt(H, R)

We introduce a tense logic, called Kt(H, R), arising from logics for spatial reasoning. Kt(H, R) is a multi-modal logic with two modalities and their converses defined with respect to a pre-order and a relation stable over this pre-order. We show Kt(H,R) is decidable, it has the effective finite model property and reasoning in Kt(H,R) is PSPACE-complete. Two complete Hilbert-style axiomatisations are given. The main focus of the paper is tableau-based reasoning. Our aim is to gain insight into the numerous possibilities of defining tableau calculi and their properties. We present several labelled tableau calculi for Kt(H,R) in which the theory rules range from accommodating correspondence properties closely, to accommodating Hilbert axioms closely. The calculi provide the basis for decision procedures that have been imple- mented and tested on modal and intuitionistic problems.