Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local ionosphere model estimation from dual‐frequency global navigation satellite system observables

A method is presented for the removal of ionospheric effects from single‐frequency radio navigation data. It uses data from a separate single collocated dual‐frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver to estimate the states of a local ionospheric total electron content (TEC) model. These states can be used to estimate the TEC along lines of sight to other types of satellite‐based radio navigation transmitters. Two local ionosphere models are considered. The first model is a modified version of the classical thin‐shell model, where the altitude and altitude variations of the shell with respect to latitude and longitude are added as new estimable quantities. The second model is a new thick‐shell model, where the thin shell has been expanded with a Chapman electron density profile. The states of the Chapman profile are allowed to vary with respect to latitude and longitude and must be estimated. States are estimated using a Kalman filter and GPS observables. Truth‐model simulations are used to test the observability of the states in each of the local ionosphere models. The subset of observable local models are then tested using real GPS data. The TEC estimates produced by the local models are compared to the results produced by an existing multireceiver network and tomographic model. The local thin‐shell model is shown to compare well to the tomographic model, and significant improvement is shown over the classical single‐receiver fixed‐altitude thin‐shell model, but the thick‐shell model is shown to be unobservable.
Portfolio Design Based on Bigdata Analysis and Sharpe Ratio Optimal model

Sharpe ratio is a classic index that can comprehensively consider both return and risk. At the same time, it is only used to investigate the asset of the final venture capital portfolio. Therefore, Sharpe ratio is an important research topic in the financial field. This paper is based on big data analysis and minimum variance model. Thereinto, the companies selected in these five industries are AVIC Electrical Systems Co., Ltd., Archer Daniels Midland Company, Bank of America Corporation, Eastman Chemical Company and China XD Plastics Company Limited. Sharpe ratio is a representation of unit risk and return on investment. The greater the Sharpe ratio, the higher the unit risk return of this portfolio. Secondly, the data we use comes from Yahoo Finance, in which we select the year from 2015 to 2021, because the data of these seven years are more accurate. Meanwhile, the tool we use is RStudio, because RStudio is very excellent in graphics and charts. According to the analysis, these results indicate that one can find the portfolio with the highest risk return rate in these seven years. These results shed light on portfolio design based on bigdata analysis in terms of optimal approaches.
Artificial Neural Network-Based Constrained Predictive Real-Time Parameter Adaptation Controller for Grid-Tied VSCs

This article proposes a real-time algorithm for identifying the grid parameters, which is concurrently used for online tuning of the predictive controller in each iteration, in a grid-tied active front end (AFE) voltage source converter (VSC) applications. The algorithm is designed by inspiring from the concepts of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the model predictive control (MPC). The performance of the algorithm highly depends on the weighting factors of the algorithm. The artificial neural network (ANN)-based algorithm is used to find the optimal set of weighting factors among the ones in a parameter search block. An offline particle swarm optimization (PSO) is run to provide the data source for the parameter search block. The algorithm identifies not only the inductance but also the resistance of the grid. In addition, the hard constraints on the amplitude of the input and output variables are guaranteed. The validation of the proposed approach is performed experimentally and compared with the state-of-the-art conventional methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method could effectively stabilize the system in weak grid conditions and under wide impedance variations. In addition, the accuracy of the proposed impedance identification method is 96%.
Banarasi Saree a Part of Rich Indian Culture– A Review

ABSTRACT In this study Banarasi silk saree is examined in its totality, including its beginnings in ancient times. A variety of zari, including pure, tested, powder, and plastic, are required to make it. There is a short introduction of the looms used to make this saree, and several designs used to improve its appearance are also included in the research. Banarasi sarees come in a variety of styles including brocade, chiffon, and jangla. Intricate Banarasi sarees made out of different varieties of silk yarns or cotton/silk blended yarns are on the verge of extinction. In addition, the Indian government’s numerous schemes and plans to help weavers and revive this golden silk art have also been addressed.
Designable Integrability of the Variable Coefficient Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations

The designable integrability (DI) [ 51 ] of the variable coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equations (VCNLSEs) is first introduced by construction of an explicit transformation, which maps VCNLSE to the usual nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLSEs). One novel feature of VCNLSE with DI is that its coefficients can be designed artificially and analytically by using transformation. A special example between nonautonomous NLSEs and NLSEs is given here. Further, the optical super‐lattice potentials (or periodic potentials) and multiwell potentials are designed, which are two kinds of important potential in Bose–Einstein condensation and nonlinear optical systems. There are two interesting features of the soliton of the VCNLSEs indicated by the analytic and exact formula. Specifically, its profile is variable and its trajectory is not a straight line when it evolves with time t.
XMM-Newton observation of the Galactic supernova remnant W51C (G49.1–0.1)

Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) W51C is a Galactic object located in a strongly inhomogeneous interstellar medium with signs of an interaction of the SNR blast wave with dense molecular gas. Aims. Diffuse X-ray emission from the interior of the SNR can reveal element abundances in the different emission regions and shed light on the type of supernova (SN) explosion and its progenitor. The hard X-ray emission helps to identify possible candidates for a pulsar formed in the SN explosion and for its pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Methods. We have analysed X-ray data obtained with XMM-Newton. Spectral analyses in selected regions were performed. Results. Ejecta emission in the bright western part of the SNR, located next to a complex of dense molecular gas, was confirmed. The Ne and Mg abundances suggest a massive progenitor with a mass of >20 M� . Two extended regions emitting hard X-rays were identified (corresponding to the known sources [KLS2002] HX3 west and CXO J192318.5+140305 discovered with ASCA and Chandra, respectively), each of which has an additional point source inside and shows a power-law spectrum with Γ ≈ 1.8. Based on their X-ray emission, both sources can be classified as PWN candidates.
Udstillingsdrevet indsamling af møbler på Trapholt

At Trapholt, Museum of Modern Art and Design in Kolding, Denmark, research focus and museum activities – as at many other museums – are largely aimed at the audience and the public. This has led to a collecting practice predominantly driven by Trapholt’s exhibitions. The focus of this article is to study the gains and consequences of an exhibition-driven collecting practice, and discuss the potential opportunities for a strategy going forward. Through three exhibition cases, it is pointed out how this practice has secured a unique selection of historical design objects, as well as examples of contemporary design, but also caused overrepresentation, duplicates and accumulations of certain period pieces, without sufficient or significant documentation. At the same time, this practice is at the expense of research in the remaining collection. This article argues for a greater degree of systematization, broader documentation as well as a structural change to the collection practice involving participation.
Invariance of the Gibbs measure for the Benjamin-Ono equation

In this paper we consider the periodic Benjemin-Ono equation. We will establish the invariance of the Gibbs measure associated to this equation, thus answering a question raised in Tzvetkov [20]. As an intermediate step, we also obtain a local well-posedness result in Besov-type spaces rougher than L^2, extending the L^2 well-posedness result of Molinet [14].
Impact of Covid-19 on U.S. Fun Industry based on Fama and French Five-Factor Model

As the Covid-19 pandemic sweeping the globe in 2020, it had a profound impact on the economic circumstances of the world. This paper applied Fama-French five-factor model to evaluate the influence of the Covid-19 on the fun industry in America. The fun industry’s data and daily return data from Kenneth R.French’s database were adopted to make multiple linear regression. The difference of coefficients of the five factors illustrates the significant changes in the entertainment industry due to the pandemic. The sensitivity to the market risk increased as the coefficients of MKT added from 0.73 to 1.02. The income effect of small companies has gradually been higher than that of large-cap companies as coefficients of SMB reached 0.99 from 0.54 during the pandemic. Stocks of fun company with a high book-to-market ratio performed better in general during the covid-19 as the HML factor became significant with a positive value of 0.66. The firm’s operating profitability has become a crucial factor in investors’ decisions for the entertainment industry under the uncertainty provided by the Covid-19 pandemic as the RMW factor became significant with a positive value of 0.65. Investors are more willing to put their money into the aggressive companies as CMA factor became substantial with a negative value of -2.44.
Recent Insights into Insect Olfactory Receptors and Odorant-Binding Proteins

Simple Summary Starting with efforts to understand pheromone detection in moths, the ability of insects to localize food and mates has captivated researchers for over a century. Here we review recent advances in understanding the detection of volatiles at the level of olfactory receptors and odorant-binding proteins focusing on advances in biological understanding. Drosophila remains an important model system, but CRIPSR-mediated genome editing is opening the door to genetic analysis in a wide range of insects, including disease vectors and important agricultural pests. This review will spotlight new findings for the initial recognition and signaling events by odorant-binding proteins and olfactory receptors in responses to odorants. Finally, we discussed how some critical insect behaviors appear to have evolved multimodal mechanisms to maximize response robustness. Abstract Human and insect olfaction share many general features, but insects differ from mammalian systems in important ways. Mammalian olfactory neurons share the same overlying fluid layer in the nose, and neuronal tuning entirely depends upon receptor specificity. In insects, the olfactory neurons are anatomically segregated into sensilla, and small clusters of olfactory neurons dendrites share extracellular fluid that can be independently regulated in different sensilla. Small extracellular proteins called odorant-binding proteins are differentially secreted into this sensillum lymph fluid where they have been shown to confer sensitivity to specific odorants, and they can also affect the kinetics of the olfactory neuron responses. Insect olfactory receptors are not G-protein-coupled receptors, such as vertebrate olfactory receptors, but are ligand-gated ion channels opened by direct interactions with odorant molecules. Recently, several examples of insect olfactory neurons expressing multiple receptors have been identified, indicating that the mechanisms for neuronal tuning may be broader in insects than mammals. Finally, recent advances in genome editing are finding applications in many species, including agricultural pests and human disease vectors.
Microvascular Dysfunction Is Associated With Impaired Myocardial Work in Obstructive and Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multimodality Study

Background Two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography has been shown to correlate with microvascular dysfunction, a hallmark of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We hypothesized that there is an association between myocardial work and left ventricular ischemia, with incremental value to global longitudinal strain, in patients with HCM. Methods and Results We performed a prospective assessment of patients with HCM, undergoing 2‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance. Results were stratified according to obstructive or nonobstructive HCM and the presence of significant replacement fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement ≥15% of left ventricular mass). Seventy‐five patients with HCM (63% men, age 55±15 years) were evaluated, 28% with obstructive HCM (mean gradient 89±60 mm Hg). Perfusion defects were found in 90.7%, involving 22.5±16.9% of left ventricular mass, and 38.7% had late gadolinium enhancement ≥15%. In a multivariable analysis, a lower global work index (r=−0.519, β‐estimate −10.822; P=0.001), lower global work efficiency (r=−0.379, β‐estimate −0.123; P=0.041), and impaired global constructive work (r=−0.532, β‐estimate −13.788; P<0.001) significantly correlated with ischemia. A segmental analysis supported these findings, albeit with lower correlation coefficients. A global work index cutoff ≤1755 mm Hg% was associated with hypoperfusion with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 71%, while the best cutoff for global longitudinal strain (>−15.5%) had a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 57%. The association between myocardial work and perfusion defects was significant independently of late gadolinium enhancement ≥15% and obstructive HCM. Conclusions Impaired myocardial work was significantly correlated with the extent of ischemia in cardiac magnetic resonance, independently of the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis, with a higher predictive power than global longitudinal strain.
Predictors of Functional Recovery among Musculoskeletal Oncology Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Endoprosthetic Reconstruction

Background and Objectives: Functional outcomes are important for oncology patients undergoing lower extremity reconstruction. The objective of the current study was to describe patient reported function after surgery and identify predictors of postoperative function in musculoskeletal oncology patients undergoing lower extremity endoprosthetic reconstruction. Methods: We performed a cohort study with functional outcome data from the recently completed Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial. We utilized the 100-point Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), which was administered pre-operatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months post-operatively. Higher scores indicate better physical functioning, and the minimally important difference is 11 points. We calculated mean functional scores at each timepoint after surgery and developed a logistic regression model to explore predictors of failure to achieve excellent post-operative function (TESS ≥ 80) at 1 year after surgery. Results: The 555 patients included in our cohort showed important functional improvement from pre-surgery to 1 year post-surgery (mean difference 14.9 points, 95%CI 12.2 to 17.6; p < 0.001) and 64% achieved excellent post-operative function. Our adjusted regression model found that poor (TESS 0–39) pre-operative function (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95%CI 1.6 to 6.6); absolute risk [AR] 24%, 95%CI 8% to 41.2%), older age (OR per 10-year increase from age 12, 1.32, 95%CI 1.17, 1.49; AR 4.5%, 95%CI 2.4% to 6.6%), and patients undergoing reconstruction for soft-tissue sarcomas (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.03 to 5.01; AR 15.3%, 95%CI 0.4% to 34.4%), were associated with higher odds of failing to achieve an excellent functional outcome at 1-year follow-up. Patients undergoing reconstruction for giant cell tumors were more likely to achieve an excellent functional outcome post-operatively (OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.17 to 0.95; AR −9.9%, 95%CI −14.4% to −0.7%). Conclusions: The majority of patients with tumors of the lower extremity undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction achieved excellent function at 1 year after surgery. Older age, poor pre-operative function, and endoprosthetic reconstruction for soft tissue sarcomas were associated with worse outcomes; reconstruction for giant cell tumors was associated with better post-operative function. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV.
The Ito Formula for Essentially Self-Adjoint Quantum Semimartingales

The quantum Ito formula has so far been proved for regular (bounded) quantum semimartingales We give three different extensions to classes of essentially self-adjoint (unbounded) quantum semimartingales. The first extension is to quantum semimartingales whose integrands have chaos matrices controlled by certain scalar matrices The second extension is to perturbations of classical, possibly unbounded, quantum semimartingales by bounded quantum semimartingales The third extension is obtained by perturbing an essentially self-adjoint quantum semimartingale satisfying the quantum Duhamel formula by a regular quantum semimartingle.
4SA: OPTIMIZING SPACE FILLING CURVE BASED GRID CELL INDEXING TO SCALABLY MANAGE REMOTELY SENSED IMAGES IN KEY-VALUE DATABASES

Abstract. State-of-the-art remote sensing image management systems adopt scalable databases and employ sophisticated indexing techniques to perform window and containment queries. Many rely on space-filling curve (SFC) based index techniques designed for key-value databases and are predominantly employable for images that are iso-oriented. Critically, these indexes do not consider the high degree of overlap among images that exists in many data sets and the affiliated storage requirements. Specifically, employing an SFC-based grid cell index approach in consort with ground footprint coverage of the images requires storage of a unique image object identification (IOI) for each image in every grid cell where overlap occurs. Such an approach adversely affects both storage and query response times. In response, this paper presents an optimization technique for an SFC-based grid cell space indexing. The optimization is specifically designed for window and containment queries where the region of interest overlaps with at least a 2 × 2 grid of cells. The technique is based on four cell removal steps, thus called “four step algorithm” (4SA). Each step employs a unique spatial configuration to check for continuous spatial extent. If present, the IOI of the target cell is omitted from further consideration. Analysis and experiments on real world and synthetic image data demonstrated that 4SA improved storage demands by 41.3% – 47.8%. Furthermore, in the performed querying experiments, only 42% of IOI elements needed to be processed, thus yielding a 58% productivity gain. The reduction of IOI elements in querying also impacted the CPU execution time (3.0% – 5.2%). The 4SA also demonstrated data scalability and concurrent user scalability in querying large regions by completing the index searching and concurrent user scalability 1.86% – 3.35% faster than when 4SA was not applied.
A non‐smooth lower bound on ν

A non‐smooth optimization technique to directly compute a lower bound on the skew structured singular value ν is developed. As corroborated by several real‐world challenging applications, the proposed technique can provide tighter lower bounds when compared with currently available techniques. Moreover, in many cases, the determined lower bound equals the true value of ν. Thanks to the efficiency of the non‐smooth technique, the algorithm can be applied to problems involving even a significant number of uncertain parameters. Another appealing feature of the proposed non‐smooth approach is that the dimension of repeated scalar uncertainties in the overall structured uncertainty matrix has little impact on the computational time. The technique can be used to compute a lower bound on the structured singular value μ as well. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a global behavioural model of anthropogenic fire: The spatiotemporal distribution of land-fire systems

Landscape fire regimes are created through socio-ecological processes, yet in current global models the representation of anthropogenic impacts on fire regimes is restricted to simplistic functions derived from coarse measures such as GDP and population density. As a result, fire-enabled dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) have limited ability to reproduce observed patterns of fire, and limited prognostic value. At the heart of this challenge is a failure to represent human agency and decision-making related to fire. This paper outlines progress towards a global behavioural model that captures the categorical differences in human fire use and management that arise from diverse land use objectives under varying socio-ecological contexts. We present a modelled global spatiotemporal distribution of what we term â€˜land-fire systemsâ€™ (LFSs), a classification that combines land use systems and anthropogenic fire regimes. Our model simulates competition between LFSs with a novel bootstrapped classification tree approach that performs favourably against reference multinomial regressions. We evaluate model outputs with the human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) framework and find good overall agreement. We discuss limitations to our methods, as well as remaining challenges to the integration of behavioural modelling in DGVMs and associated model-intercomparison protocols.
Wind energy market in USA

This paper reviews the development and the perspectives of the wind energy market in USA, particularly to identify its potential growth as renewable energy source for electric generation, and to provide researchers, and various agencies a better understanding of wind energy market opportunities and barriers in USA within global context. The history of wind energy development, the cost analysis of wind energy compared to others renewable resources and fossil fuels, the renewable energy barriers, the prospect, and cost of the wind energy for USA market and legal acts are all reviewed. USA renewable wind and solar energy sources are used today to generate direct electric power for direct use by utility power companies, industrial, commercial, residential, and transportation sectors. In 2021, USA produced 92.9 quadrillion Btu from different types of energy resources including fossil fuels (35% petroleum, 34% natural gas, and 10% coal), 9% nuclear energy, and 12% renewable sources of energy. USA wind turbine capacity showed a growth rate of 13.4% with 117.7 Gigawatts in 2020, and 11.7% growth rate over 2009-2010. The European and Asia Pacific wind capacities were higher in 2020 than US with 216.6 and 341.9 Gigawatts, respectively. However, the European wind capacity growth rate decreased to 5.9% in 2020 as compared to their 10.3% growth during 2009-2019. The Asia Pacific’s wind capacity experienced firm growth at rate of 28.6% in 2020 and 23.0% during 2009-2019. Furthermore, the literature studies found that USA has become the world’s second largest wind power consumption (approximately 21%) country in 2020. The geographic distribution of wind resources are 20 times greater than the total global energy consumption. The average construction cost of windmill is being declined due to the tax incentives, utility demand, and better technology. This study suggests that the government regulatory policies and their commitment for harnessing wind energy should be stable and clear. Feed-in-tariff and long-term financial subsidies will also promote the diffusion of wind power development.