Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-quality Momordica balsamina genome elucidates its potential use in improving stress resilience and therapeutic properties of bitter gourd

Introduction Momordica balsamina is the closest wild species that can be crossed with an important fruit vegetable crop, Momordica charantia, has immense medicinal value, and placed under II subclass of primary gene pool of bitter gourd. M. balsamina is tolerant to major biotic and abiotic stresses. Genome characterization of Momordica balsamina as a wild relative of bitter gourd will contribute to the knowledge of the gene pool available for improvement in bitter gourd. There is potential to transfer gene/s related to biotic resistance and medicinal importance from M. balsamina to M. charantia to produce high-quality, better yielding and stress tolerant bitter gourd genotypes. Methods The present study provides the first and high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of M. balsamina with size 384.90 Mb and N50 30.96 Mb using sequence data from 10x Genomics, Nanopore, and Hi-C platforms. Results A total of 6,32,098 transposons elements; 2,15,379 simple sequence repeats; 5,67,483 transcription factor binding sites; 3,376 noncoding RNA genes; and 41,652 protein-coding genes were identified, and 4,347 disease resistance, 67 heat stress–related, 05 carotenoid-related, 15 salt stress–related, 229 cucurbitacin-related, 19 terpenes-related, 37 antioxidant activity, and 06 sex determination–related genes were characterized. Conclusion Genome sequencing of M. balsamina will facilitate interspecific introgression of desirable traits. This information is cataloged in the form of webgenomic resource available at http://webtom.cabgrid. res.in/mbger/. Our finding of comparative genome analysis will be useful to get insights into the patterns and processes associated with genome evolution and to uncover functional regions of cucurbit genomes.
Composite Remineralization of Bone-Collagen Matrices by Low-Temperature Ceramics and Serum Albumin: A New Approach to the Creation of Highly Effective Osteoplastic Materials

This study examined the effectiveness of coating demineralized bone matrix (DBM) with amorphous calcium phosphate (DBM + CaP), as well as a composite of DBM, calcium phosphate, and serum albumin (DBM + CaP + BSA). The intact structure of DBM promotes the transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate (CaP) into dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) with a characteristic plate shape and particle size of 5–35 µm. The inclusion of BSA in the coating resulted in a better and more uniform distribution of CaP on the surface of DBM trabeculae. MG63 cells showed that both the obtained forms of CaP and its complex with BSA did not exhibit cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 10 mg/mL in vitro. Ectopic (subcutaneous) implantation in rats revealed pronounced biocompatibility, as well as strong osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic effects for both DBM + CaP and DBM + CaP + BSA, but more pronounced effects for DBM + CaP + BSA. In addition, for the DBM + CaP + BSA samples, there was a pronounced full physiological intrafibrillar biomineralization and proangiogenic effect with the formation of bone-morrow-like niches, accompanied by pronounced processes of intramedullary hematopoiesis, indicating a powerful osteogenic effect of this composite.
Association between spatial distribution of leukocyte subsets and clinical presentation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background Interactions between tumor cells and cells in the microenvironment contribute to tumor development and metastasis. The spatial arrangement of individual cells in relation to each other influences the likelihood of whether and how these cells interact with each other. Methods This study investigated the effect of spatial distribution on the function of leukocyte subsets in the microenvironment of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC). Leukocyte subsets were further classified based on analysis of two previously published HNSCC single-cell RNA datasets and flow cytometry (FC). Results IHC revealed distinct distribution patterns of leukocytes differentiated by CD68 and CD163. While CD68hiCD163lo and CD68hiCD163hi cells accumulated near tumor sites, CD68loCD163hi cells were more evenly distributed in the tumor stroma. PD-L1hi and PD-1hi cells accumulated predominantly around tumor sites. High cell density of PD-L1hi CD68hiCD163hi cells or PD-1hi T cells near the tumor site correlated with improved survival. FC and single cell RNA revealed high variability within the CD68/CD163 subsets. CD68hiCD163lo and CD68hiCD163hi cells were predominantly macrophages (MΦ), whereas CD68loCD163hi cells appeared to be predominantly dendritic cells (DCs). Differentiation based on CD64, CD80, CD163, and CD206 revealed that TAM in HNSCC occupy a broad spectrum within the classical M1/M2 polarization. Notably, the MΦ subsets expressed predominantly CD206 and little CD80. The opposite was observed in the DC subsets. Conclusion The distribution patterns and their distinct interactions via the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway suggest divergent roles of CD68/CD163 subsets in the HNSCC microenvironment. PD-L1/PD-1 interactions appear to occur primarily between specific cell types close to the tumor site. Whether PD-L1/PD-1 interactions have a positive or negative impact on patient survival appears to depend on both the spatial localization and the entity of the interacting cells. Co-expression of other markers, particularly CD80 and CD206, supports the hypothesis that CD68/CD163 IHC subsets have distinct functions. These results highlight the association between spatial leukocyte distribution patterns and the clinical presentation of HNSCC.
Phototoxic Reactions Inducted by Hydrochlorothiazide and Furosemide in Normal Skin Cells—In Vitro Studies on Melanocytes and Fibroblasts

Hypertension is known to be a multifactorial disease associated with abnormalities in neuroendocrine, metabolic, and hemodynamic systems. Poorly controlled hypertension causes more than one in eight premature deaths worldwide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and furosemide (FUR), being first-line drugs in the treatment of hypertension, are among others the most frequently prescribed drugs in the world. Currently, many pharmacoepidemiological data associate the use of these diuretics with an increased risk of adverse phototoxic reactions that may induce the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. In this study, the cytotoxic and phototoxic potential of HCT and FUR against skin cells varied by melanin pigment content was assessed for the first time. The results showed that both drugs reduced the number of metabolically active normal skin cells in a dose-dependent manner. UVA irradiation significantly increased the cytotoxicity of HCT towards fibroblasts by approximately 40% and melanocytes by almost 20% compared to unirradiated cells. In the case of skin cells exposed to FUR and UVA radiation, an increase in cytotoxicity by approximately 30% for fibroblasts and 10% for melanocytes was observed. Simultaneous exposure of melanocytes and fibroblasts to HCT or FUR and UVAR caused a decrease in cell viability, and number, which was confirmed by microscopic assessment of morphology. The phototoxic effect of HCT and FUR was associated with the disturbance of redox homeostasis confirming the oxidative stress as a mechanism of phototoxic reaction. UVA-irradiated drugs increased the generation of ROS by 10–150%, and oxidized intracellular thiols. A reduction in mitochondrial potential of almost 80% in melanocytes exposed to HCT and UVAR and 60% in fibroblasts was found due to oxidative stress occurrence. In addition, HCT and FUR have been shown to disrupt the cell cycle of normal skin cells. Finally, it can be concluded that HCT is the drug with a stronger phototoxic effect, and fibroblasts turn out to be more sensitive cells to the phototoxic effect of tested drugs.
Communication Regarding the Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion and Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Literature Review

Coronary artery disease is a prevalent ischemic disease that results in insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries. Various reperfusion strategies, including pharmacological thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention, have been developed to enhance blood flow restoration. However, these interventions can lead to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), which can cause unpredictable complications. Recent research has highlighted a compelling association between MI/RI and cognitive function, revealing pathophysiological mechanisms that may explain altered brain cognition. Manifestations in the brain following MI/RI exhibit pathological features resembling those observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), implying a potential link between MI/RI and the development of AD. The pro-inflammatory state following MI/RI may induce neuroinflammation via systemic inflammation, while impaired cardiac function can result in cerebral under-perfusion. This review delves into the role of extracellular vesicles in transporting deleterious substances from the heart to the brain during conditions of MI/RI, potentially contributing to impaired cognition. Addressing the cognitive consequence of MI/RI, the review also emphasizes potential neuroprotective interventions and pharmacological treatments within the MI/RI model. In conclusion, the review underscores the significant impact of MI/RI on cognitive function, summarizes potential mechanisms of cardio-cerebral communication in the context of MI/RI, and offers ideas and insights for the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction following MI/RI.
Authentication of Ethnoveterinary Important
Grasses Through Microscopic Techniques:
Insights Into the Anatomical and Phytochemical
Analysis of Grasses

: Ethnoveterinary medicine is crucial in many rural areas of Pakistan, as residents in remote and marginal areas rely heavily on traditional herbal medicines to cure their domestic animals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed spontaneously as by products of reactions with O 2 molecules, chemically damage the organic elements of the cell such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. In the current research work, the anatomical, phytochemical and antioxidant of some ethnoveterinary grasses were studied. A total of four species were collected from different villages of Hafizabad during the months of April and May 2021. The collected species were identified as Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. , Imperata cylinderica (L.) Raeuschel and Sporobolus coromandelianus Kunth. For the anatomical studies, stems and leaves were cut into thin sections with a microtome. The anatomical characteristics observed were a compact epidermal layer, large cortical cells, thickened sclerenchyma, central and scattered vascular bundles, a large metaxylem, a small protoxylem, a pitted phloem, and a centrally located pith. To investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant potential, the crude methanol extract was prepared by maceration and subjected to fractionation with n -hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water. D. fusca showed strong scavenging activity i.e. 75.87±0.14 of
New trends in research skills development of future teachers: quantitative approach and empirical studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of technology and the development of research skills in future teachers, specifically current graduate students participating in Mathematical Olympiads. The study used a quantitative approach and analyzed data collected through a survey. The findings indicated that quantitative analysis skills, problem-solving skills, communication skills, and research methodology skills are the dimensions of research skills in future teachers. The results showed that the use of digital tools for literature searching and curation, online courses and workshops (OCWs), collaborative learning and discussion forums, and data analysis software significantly and positively affected research skills. However, the study failed to provide evidence that digital portfolios (DPs) affected research skills. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are discussed. In conclusion, the findings highlight the importance of technology in the development of research skills in future teachers and suggest that technology-based learning resources and tools should be integrated into teacher training programs.
Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater and Its Spatial Distribution in Urban area of Zhumadian City

It is vital for analyzing groundwater chemical characteristics to develop, manage and protect groundwater resources. Hydrogeochemistry simulation, graphic method, and other methods are applied to analyze 22 pieces of groundwater chemical data in the urban area of Zhumadian City. The results show that shallow groundwater is mainly of HCO3-Ca type. Besides, from northeast to southwest, salinity and hardness increase gradually, the hydrodynamic condition becomes worse, and groundwater is significantly affected by human activities. This study is of important significance to scientifically using and managing groundwater resources in the urban area of Zhumadian City. Caracteristicas quimicas y distribucion espacial de las aguas freaticas en el area urbana de Zhumadian (China) Resumen El analisis de las caracteristicas quimicas de las aguas freaticas o subterraneas es determinante para desarrollar, administrar y proteger los recursos hidricos. Este trabajo se baso en la simulacion hidrogeoquimica, el metodo grafico y otros procedimientos para analizar la informacion quimica de 22 muestras de aguas freaticas en el area urbana de Zhumadian, en el este de China. Los resultados muestran que las aguas freaticas poco profundas son principalmente del tipo HCO3-Ca. Ademas, del noreste al suroeste, la salinidad y la rigidez aumentan gradualmente, las condiciones hidrodinamicas empeoran y las aguas freaticas son afectadas por las actividades humanas. Este estudio es de una importancia significativa para el manejo cientifico y la administracion de los recursos de aguas subterraneas en el area urbana de Zhumadian.
Dense Neural Network for Classification of Seafloor Sediment using Backscatter Mosaic Feature

Water transportation plays a vital role in global economic activities, facilitating more than 85% of international trade and serving as a cost-effective and essential means to fulfill the demand for goods and services. Similarly, the Benoa Port, situated in the southern part of Denpasar City, operates in the same manner. By utilizing Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES) backscatter data, backscatter mosaics can be generated to identify various seafloor sediment types, which consist of rock fragments, minerals, and organic materials. The characteristics of these sediments, such as grain size, density, composition, and others, can be observed. To improve the classification of sediments, the integration of backscatter data and backscatter features, such as ASM (Angular Second Moment), Energy, Contrast, and Correlation, can be employed. Supervised classification models like Dense Neural Network (DNN) can be utilized to accurately determine the types of seafloor sediments. The application of DNN modeling resulted in a training accuracy rate of 88% and a testing accuracy rate of 100%. The accuracy results delineated six distinct sediment types. Notably, sandy silt exhibited the highest distribution, accounting for 49.30%, whereas soft clayey silt registered the lowest distribution at 0.53%, as determined by their respective spatial prevalence.
ReQuEST: A Small-Scale Multi-Task Model for Community Question-Answering Systems

The burgeoning popularity of community question-answering platforms as an information-seeking strategy has prompted researchers to look for ways to save response time and effort, among which question entailment recognizing, question summarizing, and question tagging are prominent. However, none has investigated the implicit relations between these tasks and the benefits their interaction could provide. In this study, ReQuEST, a novel multi-task model based on bidirectional auto-regressive transformers (BART), is introduced to recognize question entailment, summarize questions respecting given queries, and tag questions with primary topics, simultaneously. ReQuEST comprises one shared encoder representing input sequences, two half-shared decoders providing intermediate presentations, and three task-specific heads producing summaries, tags, and entailed questions. A lightweight fine-tuning technique and a weighted loss function help us learn model parameters efficiently. With roughly 187k learning parameters, ReQuEST is almost half the size of BARTlarge and is two-thirds smaller than its multi-task counterparts. Empirical experiments on standard summarization datasets reveal that ReQuEST outperforms competitors on Debatepedia with a Rouge-L of 46.77 and has persuasive performance with a Rouge-L of 37.37 on MeQSum. On MediQA-RQE as a medical benchmark for entailment recognition, ReQuEST is also comparable in accuracy with state-of-the-art systems without being pre-trained on domain-specific datasets.
Secured Anonymous Authentication of Data with Decentralized Access Control in Cloud

Cloud Computing is a multi-tenancy feature, which provides privacy, security and access control challenges and uses the internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. In order to achieve safe storage, policy based file access control and policy based file assured deletion of a file stored in a cloud environment, a suitable encryption technique with key management should be applied before outsourcing the data. In this work, the proposed new DAC scheme allows secure data storage in clouds that supports anonymous authentication. We implemented secure cloud storage by providing access to the files with the policy based file access using Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) scheme with RSA key public-private key combination. Private Key is the combination of the user’s credentials. So that high security will be achieved. When the time limit of the file expired, the file will be automatically revoked and cannot be accessible to anyone in future. Policy based file renewal is proposed. The Renewal can be done by providing the new key to the existing file, will remains the file until the new time limit reaches.
E ﬀ ects of basic life support training program on knowledge, perceived self-e ﬃ cacy, and basic life support performance of village health volunteers

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death worldwide. Performing basic life support immediately can decrease the mortality rate. The purpose of this quasi-experimental, one group pre-post-test design was to compare knowledge related to basic life support, perceived self-e ﬃ cacy in a basic life support and basic life support performance among village health volunteers before and after participating in the basic life support training program which applied self-e ﬃ cacy theory. The participants were 37 village health volunteers of Nong Ngu Luam sub-district, Nakhon Pathom Province. These volunteers met the inclusion criteria and were purposively selected into the study during September to October 2018. The participants received the basic life support training program including receiving classroom lectures related to basic life support and receiving training for promoting perceived self-e ﬃ cacy via the following methods. These were through life role model, practical CPR training, verbal persuasion and identiﬁcation of symptoms indicating conditions which need treatment. The knowledge related basic life support, perceived self-e ﬃ cacy in basic life support, and basic life support performance were evaluated at baseline and immediately following the training. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the paired samples t-test. Results showed that a mean score of knowledge related basic life support, perceived self-e ﬃ cacy in basic life support performing, and basic life support performance after participated the program were signiﬁcantly higher than before participating the program (p-value < 0.001). The results also revealed that all participants passed the minimum test criteria for basic life support performance. The results demonstrated that the basic life support training program is an e ﬀ ective program. It is therefore concluded that this program should be implemented in another similar contexts in the community in order to save the life of casualties who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
A Unified Framework for Double-Degradation Remote Sensing Image Restoration Through Saliency-Guided Interaction Learning

Remote sensing images (RSIs) are often exposed to various degradation factors such as sensor noise and poor observation environments. These factors can result in the loss of image details, spectral distortion, and blurred scenes, which will severely hinder the performance of subsequent RSI applications. Unfortunately, current methods are only capable of addressing individual degradation factors, and lack the ability to handle multiple degradation factors within a unified framework. To mitigate this problem, we model the complex degradation process as a double-degradation model for RSIs, and propose a unified framework based on saliency-guided interaction learning (SGIL) for double-degradation RSI restoration. The proposed SGIL can simultaneously alleviate the influence of external environment degradation and internal sensor noise degradation, which comprises three parts: pseudo pixel supervision-based saliency analysis (PPS-SA), a task-aware interaction learning (TAIL) model, and a global feature enhancement module (GFEM). In PPS-SA, an explicit PPS-SA method is designed to generate saliency maps to effectively distinguish different texture complexities of RSIs, and a saliency-guided mapping selection mechanism is introduced to adapt to complex external environmental interference factor. In the TAIL model, a dehazing module and a super resolution (SR) module are specialized in alleviating the external environment interference and internal sensor noise, respectively. Instead of simple cascading, the two modules interact and collaborate with each other, which drastically improves the performance of double-degradation image restoration. To further improve the performance of the proposed SGIL, we also propose the GFEM to exploit global features and refine the restored results. Experiments on several RSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed SGIL achieves promising results on complex double-degradation RSIs.
Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for Glioblastoma Treatment

In the last decade, many small molecules, usually characterized by heterocyclic scaffolds, have been designed and synthesized as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among them, several compounds have been tested at preclinical and clinical levels to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most common and aggressive type of cancer originating in the brain and has an unfavorable prognosis, with a median survival of 15–16 months and a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Despite recent advances in treating GBM, it represents an incurable disease associated with treatment resistance and high recurrence rates. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological agents to fight this malignancy. In this review, we reported the compounds published in the last five years, which showed promising activity in GBM preclinical models acting as TKIs. We grouped the compounds based on the targeted kinase: first, we reported receptor TKIs and then, cytoplasmic and peculiar kinase inhibitors. For each small molecule, we included the chemical structure, and we schematized the interaction with the target for some representative compounds with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action. Finally, we cited the most relevant clinical trials.