Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTY ESTIMATION UNDER MAJOR LAND-USES IN THE SHAWNEE HILLS

of Thesis SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTY ESTIMATION UNDER MAJOR LAND-USES IN THE SHAWNEE HILLS The ability to map soil moisture is becoming more important with changing climates and modeling these effects depends on reliable estimations of hydrologic soil properties under different land managements. This study: 1) tests the application of existing soil hydraulic property estimation methods against in-situ values of six catenas under two covers (forest and grass); 2) validate Random Forest Algorithm (RF) estimates informed from the six catenas on two separate catenas; 3) identify Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA) sites within the Shawnee Hills Region that represent different land-uses (Crop, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Forest, and Pasture); 4) apply RF learning tree informed from six catenas to RaCA sites in order to estimate soil hydraulic properties; 5) compare landuse affects on said estimations. Existing methods for estimating properties were found not able to mimic in-situ values and RF was found to better mimic field values. A total of 26 RaCA sites were chosen under four different land-uses in the Shawnee Hills. The estimations revealed that the different land-uses had unique soil hydraulic estimation values. Care should be taken when estimating changes in soil hydraulic properties as a function of OM content as some results might be overstated.
ADFCNN: Attention-Based Dual-Scale Fusion Convolutional Neural Network for Motor Imagery Brain–Computer Interface

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to motor imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interface (BCI). Nevertheless, single-scale CNN fail to extract abundant information over a wide spectrum from EEG signals, while typical multi-scale CNNs cannot effectively fuse information from different scales with concatenation-based methods. To overcome these challenges, we propose a new scheme equipped with attention-based dual-scale fusion convolutional neural network (ADFCNN), which jointly extracts and fuses EEG spectral and spatial information at different scales. This scheme also provides novel insight through self-attention for effective information fusion from different scales. Specifically, temporal convolutions with two different kernel sizes identify EEG $\boldsymbol{\mu }$ and $\boldsymbol{\beta }$ rhythms, while spatial convolutions at two different scales generate global and detailed spatial information, respectively, and the self-attention mechanism performs feature fusion based on the internal similarity of the concatenated features extracted by the dual-scale CNN. The proposed scheme achieves the superior performance compared with state-of-the-art methods in subject-specific motor imagery recognition on BCI Competition IV dataset 2a, 2b and OpenBMI dataset, with the cross-session average classification accuracies of 79.39% and significant improvements of 9.14% on BCI-IV2a, 87.81% and 7.66% on BCI-IV2b, 65.26% and 7.2% on OpenBMI dataset, and the within-session average classification accuracies of 86.87% and significant improvements of 10.89% on BCI-IV2a, 87.26% and 8.07% on BCI-IV2b, 84.29% and 5.17% on OpenBMI dataset, respectively. What is more, ablation experiments are conducted to investigate the mechanism and demonstrate the effectiveness of the dual-scale joint temporal-spatial CNN and self-attention modules. Visualization is also used to reveal the learning process and feature distribution of the model.
Quantitative Effects of Early and Late Blights on Tomato Yields in Cameroon

Summary Early blight caused by Alternaria solani and late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans are the major diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Cameroon. The effect of both diseases on fruit yield was evaluated during the 1995 growing season in Dschang, Cameroon. Ten varieties were planted in the first trial (March-July) and nine in the second (JulyNovember). In both trials, plots were sprayed weekly with Ridomil Plus (2.0 kg/ha) before flowering and with maneb (1.6 kg/ha) after flowering. Early blight was more severe in the early part of the first trial, while late blight caused most damage during the second. Marketable yields varied according to variety. High yields in sprayed plots were obtained in Dona F1 (61.63 t/ha) and Heinz 1370 (68.24 t/ha) during the first trial, and in Fline (58.35 t/ha), Mecline (64.25 t/ha), and Moboline (55.16 t/ha) during the second trial. Percent fruit infection in sprayed plots caused by both diseases varied according to variety from 12 to 65% in the first season and from 14 to 52% in the second, while losses in marketable yields for both blights were as high as 100% in unsprayed plots.
Myeloid/natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia as a distinct leukemia type

Myeloid/natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKPL) has been described on the basis of its unique immunophenotype and clinical phenotype. However, there is no consensus on the characteristics for identifying this disease type because of its rarity and lack of defined distinctive molecular characteristics. In this study, multiomics analysis revealed that MNKPL is distinct from acute myeloid leukemia, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), and NOTCH1 and RUNX3 activation and BCL11B down-regulation are hallmarks of MNKPL. Although NK cells have been classically considered to be lymphoid lineage–derived, the results of our single-cell analysis using MNKPL cells suggest that NK cells and myeloid cells share common progenitor cells. Treatment outcomes for MNKPL are unsatisfactory, even when hematopoietic cell transplantation is performed. Multiomics analysis and in vitro drug sensitivity assays revealed increased sensitivity to l-asparaginase and reduced levels of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), supporting the clinically observed effectiveness of l-asparaginase.
Collaboration between Academia and Industry: A Change in Approach

In industry, up to 40% of an IS budget can be spent on Storage technology, making it the fastest growing segment of IT/IS. While industry has recognised the need to diffuse this technology, academia has been slow to respond to this diffusion need. Universities are not teaching courses in this area and a variety of reasons are presented ranging from lack of skills, to bureaucratic delays, to cost (the cost of installing a Storage system for use by students is a massive expenditure well beyond the budgets of most IS academic departments). This chapter concentrates on the lack of skills (knowledge barriers in the parlance of diffusion of innovation theory) and examines ways to overcome this. The knowledge skills are present in industry, so collaboration between industry and academia is a suggested solution. Collaboration between industry and academia, though, is fraught with problems. The aim of this research therefore is to examine how this collaboration can be effective. Interestingly, the result of this research suggests true collaboration is not the solution, but a win-win situation is still possible for all stakeholders.
Association of liver fibrosis with extrahepatic cancer in steatotic liver disease patients with PNPLA3 I148M GG genotype

Abstract The impacts of patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) I148M‐rs738409, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Ala222Val‐rs1801133, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys‐rs671 on the outcomes of Taiwanese patients with steatotic liver disease (SLD) have remained elusive. An 8‐year prospective cohort study of patients with (n = 546) and without (n = 580) SLD (controls) was undertaken in a Taiwanese tertiary care center. The 546 SLD patients comprised 306 (56.0%) men and 240 (44.0%) women with mean ages of 53.3 and 56.4 years, respectively. Compared with the controls, SLD patients had an increased frequency of the PNPLA3 I148M‐rs738409 GG genotype (25.5 vs. 5.9%, p = 0.001). Among the SLD patients, 236 (43.1%) suffered cardiovascular events, 52 (9.5%) showed extrahepatic cancers, 13 (2.38%) experienced hepatic events, including hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 3, 0.5%) and liver cirrhosis (n = 8, 1.47%), and none died. The Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) scores were associated with extrahepatic cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 1.325; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.038–1.691) and cirrhosis development (HR 1.532; 95% CI, 1.055–2.224), and the PNPLA3 I148M‐rs738409 G allele (β = 0.158, 95% CI, 0.054–0.325) was associated with the FIB‐4 score. Stratified analyses showed that the impact of the FIB‐4 score on extrahepatic cancer development was evident only in SLD patients with the PNPLA3 I148M‐rs738409 GG genotype (HR 1.543; 95% CI, 1.195–1.993) and not in patients with the GC or CC genotype. Moreover, the ALDH2 Glu504Lys‐rs671 G allele had a dose‐dependent effect on alcoholism, and the MTHFR and ALDH2 genotypes were not significantly associated with SLD patient outcomes. In conclusion, special vigilance should be exercised for emerging extrahepatic cancer in SLD patients with the PNPLA3 I148M‐rs738409 GG genotype and high FIB‐4 scores.
Trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation causes sustained increase in neural activity in the rat hippocampus

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that can modulate many brain functions including learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that tDCS memory effects may be caused by co-stimulation of scalp nerves such as the trigeminal nerve (TN), and not the electric field in the brain. The TN gives input to brainstem nuclei, including the locus coeruleus that controls noradrenaline release across brain regions, including hippocampus. However, the effects of TN direct current stimulation (TN-DCS) are currently not well understood. In this study we hypothesized that TN-DCS manipulates hippocampal activity via an LC-noradrenergic bottom-up pathway. We recorded neural activity in rat hippocampus using multichannel silicon probes. We applied 3 minutes of 0.25 mA or 1 mA TN-DCS, monitored hippocampal activity for up to 1 hour and calculated spikes-rate and spike-field coherence metrics. Subcutaneous injections of xylocaine were used to block TN and intraperitoneal injection of clonidine to block the LC pathway. We found that 1 mA TN-DCS caused a significant increase in hippocampal spike-rate lasting 45 minutes in addition to significant changes in spike-field coherence, while 0.25 mA TN-DCS did not. TN blockage prevented spike-rate increases, confirming effects were not caused by the electric field in the brain. When 1 mA TN-DCS was delivered during clonidine blockage no increase in spike-rate was observed, suggesting an important role for the LC-noradrenergic pathway. These results provide a neural basis to support a tDCS TN co-stimulation mechanism. TN-DCS emerges as an important tool to potentially modulate learning and memory. Highlights Trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation (TN-DCS) boosts hippocampal spike rates TN-DCS alters spike-field coherence in theta and gamma bands across the hippocampus. Blockade experiments indicate that TN-DCS modulated hippocampal activity via the LC-noradrenergic pathway. TN-DCS emerges as a potential tool for memory manipulation. Figure Graphic Abstract
A Improved Statistical Model Analysis the Mental Health of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China

The mental health of rural-to-urban migrants in China is a critical issue. The aim of this study was to test the migrants' mental health. The findings drawn from this qualitative study of 769 migrants in Wuhan in 2012 based on the Bayesian structural equation model. Overall, the survey found that leisure plays the greatest positive role in migrants' mental health, as well as work, interpersonal relationships, and health status have a negative role in migrants' mental health. Thus, the government must set relevant regulations to help migrants establish a better life and work values to work energetically. China is an agricultural country, and farmers comprise more than 75% of the total population. A large number of farmers have poured into the cities over the past 30 years, which caused the rapid growth of the migrant population in China. The sixth census data released by the National Bureau of Statistics show that the number of migrants in China has reached 0.26 billion, which are the largest scale of labor migration in the history of mankind (CNBS, 2011). According to the National Bureau of Statistics, rural-to-urban migrants are those who migrate from the countryside to cities to seek more job opportunities and higher quality of life, but they have no permanent urban residency (CNBS, 2001). These migrants who migrated from rural to urban areas are affected by the limitations of the traditional urban-rural dual structure. Farmers can live and work in the cities, but they are not included in the city Hukou. Therefore, they are not included in the welfare and public distribution system of the city, and they do not enjoy the same treatment as the city residents in terms of labor and social security, health insurance, and children's education. They are the targets of social discrimination and are isolated in the edge of urban communities(Yang, Li, & Wang,2006; Wang et al., 2010; McGuire, Li, & Wang, 2009), causing their mental health to become a common issue of concern. The characteristics and demands of migrants have changed since China's 30-year economic reform. Young migrants occupy a large proportion of the total numbers (Liu,2007). This new generation of migrants usually aims for social mobility, with more prominent laddering migration characteristics. They are sensitive, self-recognized, and have a higher education level. They are different from their parents who are a tough breed and only pursue income. Young migrants aspire for a high quality of life and hope to enjoy the same social status as their peers in the cities. New factors may appear as migrants change in the 21 st century.
A comparison of two strategies to assess sexual violence: general vs. specialised trauma screening strategies in two high-risk substance use health disparity samples

ABSTRACT Background/Objective: Using two different high-risk samples, the present study compared and contrasted two different strategies/questionnaire types for assessing a history of sexual violence: a general trauma screening vs. specialised behaviourally-specific questionnaires. Methods: Sample 1 included 91 men and women seeking detoxification treatment services in a publicly funded, urban clinic who completed a trauma and substance use questionnaire battery during treatment. Sample 2 included 310 women at a rural college who completed a trauma and religious coping questionnaire battery for course credit. All participants completed both types of questionnaires: One general trauma screening questionnaire (i.e. the Life Events Checklist [LEC]) and two behaviourally-specific specialised questionnaires (i.e. the 2007 Sexual Experiences Survey [SES] and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [CTQ]). Results: There were large differences in the cases identified by the behaviourally-specific questionnaires (SES and CTQ) compared to the general trauma screening questionnaire (the LEC) in both samples but few differences in the prevalence rates of sexual violence detected by each questionnaire type. In the detoxification sample, the differences were especially notable for men. Follow-up analyses indicated that degree of traumatisation impacted results likely by increasing participant’s willingness to endorse face-valid items on the LEC. Conclusions: For men, the behaviourally-specific questionnaires (SES/CTQ) were necessary to identify cases. For those with more severe trauma histories, the LEC was equivalent to the SES/CTQ in identifying a similar number of sexual violence cases. Thus, clinicians and researchers should consider the population when selecting assessments to identify sexual violence history. HIGHLIGHTS For men and rural college women, general trauma questionnaires are not as accurate as specialised sexual violence measures in detecting cases. While prevalence rates were often similar, which cases were detected by general trauma and specialised questionnaires were different. Individuals with greater trauma exposure were more likely to endorse face-valid sexual violence items on the general trauma questionnaires.
The Triple Botanical Origin of Russian Propolis from the Perm Region, Its Phenolic Content and Antimicrobial Activity

Russian propolis from the Perm Region was studied by GC-MS, its antibacterial activity was determined, and the bioactive compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) were quantified by spectrophotometric methods. It was found that Permian propolis belonged to a bee-glue type of triple plant origin: aspen-birch-poplar. Such propolis type has not yet been described. It contains many constituents which could be responsible for diverse biological activities: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. The combination of the protective excretions of three plant species, resulting in the presence of secondary plant metabolites of many different structural classes gives reason to believe that the pharmacological actions are implemented in different, complementary mechanisms. Together with the detected antibacterial activity, this observation leads to the expectation that such combination could be especially effective in treatment of infections of different origin.
The impact of Twitter media sentiment and buyer-seller market player sentiment on residential prices

To investigate the influence of real estate market subject sentiment and media sentiment on housing price changes, principal component analysis was used to construct a market subject sentiment index, and python was used to crawl microblogs for news reports related to housing prices and construct a microblog media sentiment index through text analysis. After the validity of each index was tested, a VAR model was built based on microblogging media sentiment and market subject sentiment, and the relationship between commodity residential price fluctuations and the related sentiment was analyzed using a combination of impulse response and variance decomposition methods. The results show that both the market subject sentiment index and the media sentiment index are highly correlated with the price of commodity residential properties, with a positive correlation between buyer and seller market sentiment and the price of commodity residential properties; media sentiment has a transient effect on the price of commodity residential properties.
Effects of docetaxel on metastatic prostate (DU-145) carcinoma cells cultured as 2D monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids

ABSTRACT Docetaxel (DTX) is one of the chemotherapeutic drugs indicated as a first-line treatment against metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). This study aimed to compare the impact of DTX on mPCa (DU-145) tumor cells cultured as 2D monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) in vitro. The cells were treated with DTX (1–96 µM) at 24, 48, or 72 hr in cell viability assays (resazurin, phosphatase acid, and lactate dehydrogenase). Cell death was assessed with fluorescent markers and proliferation by clonogenic assay (2D) and morphology, volume, and integrity assay (3D). The cell invasion was determined using transwell (2D) and extracellular matrix (ECM) (3D). Results showed that DTX decreased cell viability in both culture models. In 2D, the IC50 (72 hr) values were 11.06 μM and 14.23 μM for resazurin and phosphatase assays, respectively. In MCTS, the IC50 values for the same assays were 114.9 μM and 163.7 μM, approximately 10-fold higher than in the 2D model. The % of viable cells decreased, while the apoptotic cell number was elevated compared to the control in 2D. In 3D spheroids, only DTX 24 μM induced apoptosis. DTX (≥24 μM at 216 hr) lowered the volume, and DTX 96 μM completely disintegrated the MCTS. DTX reduced the invasion of mPCa cells to matrigel (2D) and migration from MCTS to the ECM. Data demonstrated significant differences in drug response between 2D and 3D cell culture models using mPCa DU-145 tumor cells. MCTS resembles the early stages of solid tumors in vivo and needs to be considered in conjunction with 2D cultures when searching for new therapeutic targets. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Everyday Products in the Middle Ages: Crafts, Consumption and the individual in Northern Europe c. AD 800-1600

List of contributors Preface Chapter 1: Everyday products in the Middle Ages: Crafts, Consumption and the Individual in Northern Europe c. AD 800-1600: An Introduction Steven P. Ashby, Gitte Hansen, and Irene Baug Chapter 2:`With staff in hand, and dog at heel'? What did it mean to be an `Itinerant' artisan? Steven P. Ashby Chapter 3: Itinerant Craftspeople in 12th Century Bergen, Norway - Aspects of Their Social Identities Gitte Hansen Chapter 4: Urban craftspeople at Viking-age Kaupang Unn Pedersen Chapter 5. Crafts in the landscape of the powerless A combmaker's workshop at Viborg SondersoAD 1020-1024 Jette Linaa Chapter 6. Bone-workers in medieval Viljandi, Estonia: comparison of finds from downtown and the Order's castle Heidi Luik Chapter 7: Consumers and Artisans: Marketing Amber and Jet in the Early Medieval British Isles Carolyn Coulter Chapter 8. The home-made shoe, a glimpse of a hidden, but most`affordable', craft. Quita Mould Chapter 9. Fashion and Necessity. Anglo-Norman leatherworkers and changing markets Quita Mould and Esther Cameron Chapter 10. Tracing the nameless actors: Leatherworking and production of leather artefacts in the town of Turku and Turku Castle, SW Finland Janne Harjula Chapter 11. Ambiguous Stripes: a Sign for Fashionable Wear in Medieval Tartu Riina Rammo, Chapter 12. Silk finds from Oseberg: Production and distribution of high status markers across ethnic boundaries Marianne Vedeler Chapter 13. The soapstone vessel production and trade of Agder and its actors Torbjorn P. Schou Chapter 14. Actors in quarrying. Production and distribution of quernstones and bakestones during the Viking Age and the Middle Ages Irene Baug Chapter 15. The role of Laach Abbey in the medieval quarrying and stone trade Meinrad Pohl Chapter 16. Iron producers in Hedmark in the medieval period - who were they? Bernt Rundberget Chapter 17. What did the blacksmiths do in Swedish towns? Some new results Hans Andersson Chapter 18. The Iron Age blacksmith, simply a craftsman? Roger Jorgensen Chapter 19. Bohemian Glass in the North: Producers, distributors and consumers of late medieval vessel glass Georg Haggren Chapter 20. If sherds could tell: imported ceramics from the Hanseatic hinterland in Bergen, Norway. Producers, traders and consumers: who were they, and how were they connected? Volker Demuth Chapter 21. Marine trade and transport-related crafts and their actors: People without archaeology? Natascha Mehler
Visualizing a two-state conformational ensemble in stem–loop 3 of the transcriptional regulator 7SK RNA

Abstract Structural plasticity is integral to RNA function; however, there are currently few methods to quantitatively resolve RNAs that have multiple structural states. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful approach for resolving conformational ensembles but is size-limited. Chemical probing is well-suited for large RNAs but provides limited structural and kinetics information. Here, we integrate the two approaches to visualize a two-state conformational ensemble for the central stem–loop 3 (SL3) of 7SK RNA, a critical element for 7SK RNA function in transcription regulation. We find that the SL3 distal end exchanges between two equally populated yet structurally distinct states in both isolated SL3 constructs and full-length 7SK RNA. We rationally designed constructs that lock SL3 into a single state and demonstrate that both chemical probing and NMR data fit to a linear combination of the two states. Comparison of vertebrate 7SK RNA sequences shows either or both states are highly conserved. These results provide new insights into 7SK RNA structural dynamics and demonstrate the utility of integrating chemical probing with NMR spectroscopy to gain quantitative insights into RNA conformational ensembles.