Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalable and parallelizable processing of influence maximization for large-scale social networks?

As social network services connect people across the world, influence maximization, i.e., finding the most influential nodes (or individuals) in the network, is being actively researched with applications to viral marketing. One crucial challenge in scalable influence maximization processing is evaluating influence, which is #P-hard and thus hard to solve in polynomial time. We propose a scalable influence approximation algorithm, Independent Path Algorithm (IPA) for Independent Cascade (IC) diffusion model. IPA efficiently approximates influence by considering an independent influence path as an influence evaluation unit. IPA are also easily parallelized by simply adding a few lines of OpenMP meta-programming expressions. Also, overhead of maintaining influence paths in memory is relieved by safely throwing away insignificant influence paths. Extensive experiments conducted on large-scale real social networks show that IPA is an order of magnitude faster and uses less memory than the state of the art algorithms. Our experimental results also show that parallel versions of IPA speeds up further as the number of CPU cores increases, and more speed-up is achieved for larger datasets. The algorithms have been implemented in our demo application for influence maximization (available at http://dm.postech.ac.kr/ipa demo), which efficiently finds the most influential nodes in a social network.
Spin reorientation transition on the surface of a topological insulator

Su-Yang Xu, M. Neupane, Chang Liu, D. M. Zhang, A. Richardella, L. A. Wray, 3 N. Alidoust, M. Leandersson, T. Balasubramanian, J. Sanchez-Barriga, O. Rader, G. Landolt, 7 B. Slomski, 7 J. H. Dil, 7 T. -R. Chang, H. -T. Jeng, 8 J. Osterwalder, H. Lin, A. Bansil, N. Samarth, and M. Z. Hasan Joseph Henry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94305, USA MAX-lab, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland Physik-Institute, Universitat Zurich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
Do Sunk Costs of Exporting Matter for Net Export Dynamics

Firms start and stop exporting. Previous research suggests that these export participation decisions alter the comovement of net exports with the real exchange rate. We evaluate these predictions in a general equilibrium environment. Specifically, assuming firms face an up-front, sunk cost of entering foreign markets, and a smaller period-by-period continuation cost, we derive the discrete entry and exit decisions yielding exporter dynamics in an open economy business cycle model. The model's business cycle exporter dynamics are consistent with that of U.S. exporters. However, in contrast to previous partial equilibrium analyses, model results reveal that export decisions have negligible aggregate effects.
Exploiting dataflow parallelism in Teradevice Computing D 3 . 4 – Initial report comparing and contrasting the developed models

Revision: See file name in document footer. Project co-founded by the European Commission within the SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME (2007-2013) Dissemination Level: PU PU Public PP Restricted to other programs participant (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium ( including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (i ncluding the Commission Services)
Integrating Water Resources Management

The concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been around for some60 years. It was rediscovered by some in the 1990s. While at a first glance, the concept of IWRM looksattractive, a deeper analysis brings out many problems, both in concept and implementation, especiallyfor meso- to macro-scale projects. The definition of IWRM continues to be amorphous, and there is noagreement on fundamental issues like what aspects should be integrated, how, by whom, or even if suchintegration in a wider sense is possible. The reasons for the current popularity of the concept areanalyzed, and it is argued that in the real world, the concept will be exceedingly difficult to be madeoperational.Keywords:
Leadership and organizational climate : the cloud chamber effect

Introduction: "The Cloud Chamber Effect. " I. WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE? 1. The Concept of Organizational Climate. 2. Motivation-"What Makes People Tick? " 3. Measuring Organizational Climate. 4. The Climate Questionnaire. II. WHAT CAUSES CLIMATE? 5. The Determinants of Climate. 6. Leadership. 7. A "Hit List" of Leadership Practices. III. HOW DO YOU MANAGE CLIMATE? 8. Using Climate as a Performance Management Tool. 9. A Tale of Two Schools-"Irrelevant Leadership. " 10. Health Care Organizations-Generating a "Margin for Mission. " 11. The Future of Leadership and Organizational Climate. IV. CLIMATE MANAGEMENT TOOLKIT.
Flow Control in a Cavity with Tiny-Obstacles on the Walls for Mixing
 Enhancement Part I: Flow Physics

This paper seeks to make a study on flow control in two-dimensional square cavities having obstacles on their walls. The goal of using these passive controllers is to enhance mixing in an enclosed space. Lattice Boltzmann method is used to simulate the problem. Results are presented for various Reynolds numbers, 400 ≤ Re ≤ 4000 and different arrangements of tiny-obstacles with different heights. To give a perspective on the physics of this problem, time evolution of the flow is studied at Re = 1000. Then, the flow structure is studied for different Reynolds numbers. Findings show that the interaction of the main vortex with the tiny-obstacles inserted on the wall cavity changes the flow pattern at higher Reynolds numbers totally which is of high importance for mixing, such that the main primary vortex turns into a scooplike vortex along the upper wall. Also, merging the two bottom corner vortices forms a main secondary vortex which fills the cavity. Results show that obstacles heights and the gap between the upper wall and the upper obstacle are key parameters from flow control and mixing viewpoint. Also, the number of tiny-obstacles can be considered as another tool in this regard. The spaces between the obstacles don’t have much influence on the flow behavior. Obstacles with δ ≤ 2% don’t change the flow field and can’t be considered as a flow control tool.
Identifying genes from up-down properties of microarray expression series

MOTIVATION We consider any collection of microarrays that can be ordered to form a progression; for example, as a function of time, severity of disease or dose of a stimulant. By plotting the expression level of each gene as a function of time, or severity, or dose, we form an expression series, or curve, for each gene. While most of these curves will exhibit random fluctuations, some will contain a pattern, and these are the genes that are most likely associated with the quantity used to order them. RESULTS We introduce a method of identifying the pattern and hence genes in microarray expression curves without knowing what kind of pattern to look for. Key to our approach is the sequence of ups and downs formed by pairs of consecutive data points in each curve. As a benchmark, we blindly identified genes from yeast cell cycles without selecting for periodic or any other anticipated behaviour. CONTACT tmf20@cam.ac.uk SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The complete versions of Table 2 and Figure 4, as well as other material, can be found at http://www.lps. ens.fr/~willbran/up-down/ or http://www.tcm. phy.cam.ac.uk/~tmf20/up-down/
The Value of a Good Credit Reputation : Evidence from Credit Card Renegotiations

This paper exploits a natural experiment within a large department store in Chile to quantify how much consumer credit borrowers are willing to pay to have a good credit reputation. The store o ered its delinquent borrowers whose outstanding balance was higher than an arbitrary cuto a renegotiation that reduced the monthly payment due, lowering the price of a good credit reputation. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that compares borrowers above and below the cuto , I nd that borrowers are willing to pay at least 29% of the initial balance for a good credit reputation. The good credit reputation lasts 8 months on average, and is valuable because borrowers increase their leverage from other formal lenders, banks. Ex post, borrowers above the cuto are more likely to default on their bank debt. This suggests that the bilateral renegotiation imposes an informational externality on other lenders by reducing the precision of reputation as a signal of creditworthiness. ∗Columbia University. I thank Daniel Wolfenzon, Daniel Paravisini, Wei Jiang, and Andrew Hertzberg for their invaluable patience, encouragement, support, and comments. I also thank Jose Miguel Cruz at the Centro de Finanzas of Universidad de Chile, Fernando Contardo and Ingrid Barahona at SINACOFI, and two o cers at the data provider, for giving me access to their datasets and for crucial clari cations. Finally, I thank Emily Breza, Juanita Gonzalez, Mauricio Larrain, Mitchell Petersen, Tomasz Piskorski, Assaf Shtauber, and seminar participants at Banco Central de Chile, Universidad de Chile, and Columbia University for comments and suggestions. Supported by the Chazen Institute of International Business at Columbia Business School. All errors and omissions are mine only. Email address: aliberman13@gsb.columbia. edu.
Di erential Power Analysis

Cryptosystem designers frequently assume that secrets will be manipulated in closed, reliable computing environments. Unfortunately, actual computers and microchips leak information about the operations they process. This paper examines speci c methods for analyzing power consumption measurements to nd secret keys from tamper resistant devices. We also discuss approaches for building cryptosystems that can operate securely in existing hardware that leaks information.
An investigation into the usability of synchronous information technology for a virtual e-learning and information sharing environment at a university in South Africa

As the information age evolves, society is undergoing changes based on developments in technology that have tremendous implications for the educational systems. Institutions of tertiary education are increasingly facing the pressures of globalisation. Associated with this is the knowledge society that demands experience with technology, different skills and a different learning experience (US, 2001). Furthermore, new information and communication technologies have demonstrated the potential to transform the way that knowledge is packaged, delivered, accessed and acquired, thereby altering higher educations' core production and delivery processes. Institutions of tertiary education that want to remain competitive, both locally and internationally, should, therefore, act proactively to facilitate the successful and innovative integration of relevant technologies into currently established practice and procedures. The University of Stellenbosch (US) recognises the importance of staying abreast with these global and local changes. The Virtual Information Space (VIS) project for optimal information sharing is a research initiative that developed as a direct response to the need for an inquiry into the functionality of alternative synchronous and asynchronous computer-mediated communication media (CMC), to be provided as part of the technological infrastructure of the US for enhanced information sharing and communication. The VIS project provides the framework within which this study was conducted. The aim of this study was to conduct an exploratory study through the use of empirical research and prototyping, by quantification of the usability of synchronous CMC media, for application in the South-African on and off-campus tertiary education environment (focused at post graduate level), in order to enhance information sharing between inter alia, information service suppliers, lecturers, students and researchers at the US. It was anticipated, however, that the degree to which the synchronous CMC media add value to the learning and information sharing processes within the VIS, will be influenced by the usability of the software applications within which the media are embedded, the perceived need of the role-players for the media, as well as the feasibility and viability of the systems when employed within the technological infrastructure of the US. These Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) over the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)

This document specifies the use of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) over the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP). DTLS provides communications privacy for datagram protocols and allows client/server applications to communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery. DCCP is a transport protocol that provides a congestion-controlled unreliable datagram service.
The Elasticity of Taxable Income During the 1990s: A Sensitivity Analysis: Working Paper 2006-03

This paper examines alternative methodologies for measuring responses to the 1990 and 1993 federal tax increases. The methodologies build on those employed by Gruber and Saez (2002), Carroll (1998), and Auten and Carroll (1999). Internal Revenue Service tax return data for the project are from the Statistics of Income, which heavily oversamples high-income filers. Special attention is paid to the importance of sample income restrictions and methodology. Estimates are broken down by income group to measure how responses to tax changes vary by income. In general, estimates are quite sensitive
M ay 2 01 0 IPM / P-2010 / 014 A D 2-brane in the Penrose limits of AdS 4 × CP

We consider a D2-brane in the pp-wave backgrounds obtained from AdS4×CP when electric and magnetic fields have been turned on. Upon fixing the lightcone gauge, light-cone Hamiltonian and BPS configurations are obtained. In particular we study BPS configurations with electric dipole on the two sphere giant and a giant graviton rotating in transverse directions. Moreover we show that the gauge field living on the D2-brane is replaced by a scalar field in the light-cone Hamiltonian. We also present a matrix model by regularizing (quantizing) 2-brane theory.
Effects of HIV Infection and Former Cocaine Dependence on Neuroanatomical Measures and Neurocognitive Performance

Evidence from animal research, postmortem analyses, and MRI investigations indicate substantial morphological alteration in brain structure as a function of HIV or cocaine dependence (CD). Although previous research on HIV+ active cocaine users suggests the presence of deleterious morphological effects in excess of either condition alone, a yet unexplored question is whether there is a similar deleterious interaction in HIV+ individuals with CD who are currently abstinent. To this end, the combinatorial effects of HIV and CD history on regional brain volume, cortical thickness, and neurocognitive performance was examined across four groups of participants in an exploratory study: healthy controls (n=34), HIV-negative individuals with a history of CD (n=21), HIV+ individuals with no history of CD (n=20), HIV+ individuals with a history of CD (n=15). Our analyses revealed no statistical evidence of an interaction between both conditions on brain morphometry and neurocognitive performance. While descriptively, individuals with comorbid HIV and a history of CD exhibited the lowest neurocognitive performance scores, using Principle Component Analysis of neurocognitive testing data, HIV was identified as the primary driver of neurocognitive impairment. Higher caudate volume was evident in CD+ participants relative to CD- participants. Findings indicate no evidence of compounded differences in neurocognitive function or structural measures of brain integrity in HIV+ individuals in recovery from CD relative to individuals with only one condition.
Reconstructing Stimuli from the Spike Times of Leaky Integrate and Fire Neurons

Reconstructing stimuli from the spike trains of neurons is an important approach for understanding the neural code. One of the difficulties associated with this task is that signals which are varying continuously in time are encoded into sequences of discrete events or spikes. An important problem is to determine how much information about the continuously varying stimulus can be extracted from the time-points at which spikes were observed, especially if these time-points are subject to some sort of randomness. For the special case of spike trains generated by leaky integrate and fire neurons, noise can be introduced by allowing variations in the threshold every time a spike is released. A simple decoding algorithm previously derived for the noiseless case can be extended to the stochastic case, but turns out to be biased. Here, we review a solution to this problem, by presenting a simple yet efficient algorithm which greatly reduces the bias, and therefore leads to better decoding performance in the stochastic case.
Problems in Spatio-Temporal Modelling, Kriging, and Prediction of Computer Network Traffic

Problems in Spatio–Temporal Modelling, Kriging, and Prediction of Computer Network Traffic by Joel M. Vaughan Co-Chairs: George Michailidis and Stilian A. Stoev In order to maintain consistent quality of service, engineers face the task of monitoring the traffic fluctuations on the individual links making up a computer network. However, due to resource constraints and limited access, it is often not possible to directly measure the traffic on all links. This work explores a statistical framework for simultaneously modeling the traffic levels on links across an entire network and using the model to solve a variety of statistical problems, including prediction of traffic on unobserved links and the detection of statistical anomalies. We begin by examining some of the important types of network traffic data and features of the traffic. These features present interesting challenges but also provide important structure that is used throughout this work. We next develop a probabilistic spatio–temporal model for large scale computer networks that is based on physical properties of computer networks. This model simultaneously describes the traffic level on all the links of the network, and how these levels fluctuate over time. We next move on to study the so–called kriging and predic-
The politics of foundations : a comparative analysis

Part 1: Studying the Politics of Foundations 1. Philanthropic Foundations in Modern Society 2. Comparing Foundation Roles 3. Comparing Foundation Visions 4. Combining Roles and Visions: Patterns and Implications Part 2: Country Analyses 5. Austria 6. Belgium 7. Britain 8. Czech Republic 9. Denmark 10. Estonia 11. France 12. Germany 13. Greece 14. Hungary 15. Ireland 16. Italy 17. The Netherlands 18. Norway 19. Poland 20. Spain 21. Sweden 22. Switzerland 23. United States
Thermohaline circulation stability : a box model study. Part I: Uncoupled model. Part II: Coupled atmosphere-ocean model

A thorough analysis of the stability of the uncoupled Rooth interhemispheric three-box model of thermohaline circulation (THC) is presented. The model consists of a northern high-latitude box, a tropical box, and a southern high-latitude box, which correspond to the northern, tropical, and southern Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Restoring boundary conditions are adopted for the temperature variables, and flux boundary conditions are adopted for the salinity variables. This paper examines how the strength of THC changes when the system undergoes forcings that are analogous to those of global warming conditions by applying the equilibrium state perturbations to the moisture and heat fluxes into the three boxes. In each class of experiments, using suitably defined metrics, the authors determine the boundary dividing the set of forcing scenarios that lead the system to equilibria characterized by a THC pattern similar to the present one from those that drive the system to equilibria with a reversed THC. Fast increases in the moisture flux into the northern high-latitude box are more effective than slow increases in leading the THC to a breakdown, while the increases of moisture flux into the southern high-latitude box strongly inhibit the breakdown and can prevent it, as in the case of slow increases in the Northern Hemisphere. High rates of heat flux increase in the Northern Hemisphere destabilize the system more effectively than low ones; increases in the heat fluxes in the Southern Hemisphere tend to stabilize the system.
Taxation, Ethnic Ties and the Location Choice of Highly Skilled Immigrants

With the emerging international competition to attract highly skilled migrants, the determinants of their choice of residential location are increasing in importance. Besides expected wages and job opportunities, the costs of migration and the subjective evaluation of a location, two other factors help determine the expected net return from migration: taxes and network effects. Yet empirical research on the effects of these two factors and their interaction on highly skilled migration is lacking. The aim of this paper is to throw some empirical light on the role of these two factors via a case study of Switzerland. For several reasons, Switzerland is a particularly interesting case study for this task. Tax rates are primarily determined at the local level and thus enough variation exists to analyse their influence on migration. Furthermore, in contrast to other European countries, Switzerland has pursued a fairly liberal immigration policy and maintains a unique permit system that has become increasingly skills-focused: more than 35% of all persons with a university degree resident in Switzerland are immigrants. Analysis of the 2000 Swiss census data provides evidence for fiscally-induced migration within Switzerland, particularly with respect to a location choice of highly skilled immigrants. Avec l’emergence d’une competition internationale pour attirer les migrants hautement qualifies, les determinants des choix de lieu de residence de ces derniers gagnent en importance. En plus des perspectives de salaires et d’emploi, du cout de migration et des appreciations subjectives portees sur ces lieux, deux autres facteurs semblent jouer sur le rendement net attendu de la migration : les impots et les effets de reseaux. Ceci etant, l’etude de l’impact de ces deux facteurs, ainsi que des effets de leurs interactions, manquent dans les analyses empiriques. Le but de ce papier est d’analyser le role de ces deux facteurs a travers l’etude du cas de la Suisse. Pour plusieurs raisons, la Suisse s’avere un pays particulierement interessant a etudier a cet egard. Les taux d’imposition sont principalement determines au niveau local; d’ou l’existence de variations suffisantes pour analyser leur impact sur la migration. De plus, contrairement a d’autres pays europeens, la Suisse a poursuivi une politique assez liberale en matiere d’immigration et maintient un systeme unique de permis, qui est devenu de plus en plus cible sur les qualifications : plus de 35 % de toutes les personnes detenant un diplome universitaire qui resident en Suisse sont des immigres. L’analyse des donnees du recensement Suisse de 2000 met en evidence la migration intra-Suisse engendree par des raisons fiscales, concernant plus particulierement le choix des lieux de residence des immigres hautement qualifies.