Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a rigorous framework for dealing with domain specific language families

In this paper we present our approach to rigorously handle variation within a family of languages. Our starting point is a case study that we developed with industrial partners, where a major difficulty arised from the need to work with a set of domain specific languages (DSLs). Our solution is based on using the category theory. We consider the category of algebraic specifications implementing the semantics of the DSLs and we calculate the unifying language of the family.
Phalloidin enhances actin assembly by preventing monomer dissociation

Incubation of the isolated acrosomal bundles of Limulus sperm with skeletal muscle actin results in assembly of actin onto both ends of the bundles. These cross-linked bundles of actin filaments taper, thus allowing one to distinguish directly the preferred end for actin assembly from the nonpreferred end; the preferred end is thinner. Incubation with actin in the presence of equimolar phalloidin in 100 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2 and 0.5 mM ATP at pH 7.5 resulted in a slightly smaller association rate constant at the preferred end than in the absence of the drug (3.36 +/- 0.14 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 vs. 2.63 +/- 0.22 X 10(6) M-1 s- 1, control vs. experimental). In the presence of phalloidin, the dissociation rate constant at the preferred end was reduced from 0.317 +/- 0.097 s-1 to essentially zero. Consequently, the critical concentration at the preferred end dropped from 0.10 microM to zero in the presence of the drug. There was no detectable change in the rate constant of association at the nonpreferred end in the presence of phalloidin (0.256 +/- 0.015 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 vs. 0.256 +/- 0.043 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, control vs. experimental); however, the dissociation rate constant was reduced from 0.269 +/- 0.043 s-1 to essentially zero. Thus, the critical concentration at the nonpreferred end changed from 1.02 microM to zero in the presence of phalloidin. Dilution-induced depolymerization at both the preferred and nonpreferred ends was prevented in the presence of phalloidin. Thus, phalloidin enhances actin assembly by lowering the critical concentration at both ends of actin filaments, a consequence of reducing the dissociation rate constants at each end.
A robust parzen window mutual information estimator for feature selection with label noise

Label noise, which has not been well studied yet, is present in many machine learning problems and would make negative influence to both the classifier and feature selection procedure. To address this issue, we propose a novel mutual information estimator using Parzen window based on a probabilistic label noise model, which could be robust to incorrect label samples. Then we utilize the estimator to achieve a robust feature selection algorithm for label noise. Experimentation is executed over a toy dataset and eight real world datasets. Results after performing classification with a kNN classifier reveal that the proposed approach is sound and able to reduce the influence of label noise effectively and to improve the performance of feature selection in the presence of label noise.
Effects of short-term high-fat, high-energy diet on hepatic and myocardial triglyceride content in healthy men.

CONTEXT An association has been suggested between elevated plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, myocardial triglyceride (TG) accumulation, and myocardial function. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the effects of an elevation of plasma NEFA by a high-fat, high-energy (HFHE) diet on hepatic and myocardial TG accumulation, and on myocardial function. DESIGN There were 15 healthy males (mean +/- sd age: 25.0 +/- 6.6 yr) subjected to a 3-d HFHE diet consisting of their regular diet, supplemented with 800 ml cream (280 g fat) every day. METHODS (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed for assessing hepatic and myocardial TGs. Furthermore, left ventricular function was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The HFHE diet increased hepatic TGs compared with baseline (from 2.01 +/- 1.79 to 4.26 +/- 2.78%; P = 0.001) in parallel to plasma TGs and NEFA. Myocardial TGs did not change (0.38 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.12%; P = 0.7). The HFHE diet did not change myocardial systolic function. Diastolic function, assessed by dividing the maximum flow across the mitral valve of the early diastolic filling phase by the maximum flow of the atrial contraction (E/A ratio), decreased compared with baseline (from 2.11 +/- 0.39 to 1.89 +/- 0.33; P = 0.031). This difference was no longer significant after adjustment for heart rate (P = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS Short-term HFHE diet in healthy males results in major increases in plasma TG and NEFA concentrations and hepatic TGs, whereas it does not influence myocardial TGs or myocardial function. These observations indicate differential, tissue-specific partitioning of TGs and/or fatty acids among nonadipose organs during HFHE diet.
Effects of hypoxia ischemia on caspase-3 expression and neuronal apoptosis in the brain of neonatal mice

Effects of hypoxia ischemia on caspase-3 expression and neuronal apoptosis in the brain of neonatal mice were investigated. Twenty-five neonatal CD1 mice aged 1 week were selected and randomly divided into sham-operation group (n=8) and newborn hypoxia ischemia encephalopathy (NHIE) model group (n=17). The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of caspase-3 and Fas ligand (FasL) in brain tissues of mice in both groups were detected via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expression levels of caspase-3 and FasL in mice in both groups were detected via western blotting. Moreover, apoptosis of brain tissues was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and caspase-3 protein expression level in brain tissues was detected using immunohistochemical methods. Results of RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that compared with those in sham-operation group, caspase-3 and FasL expression levels in model group were significantly increased. Results of TUNEL showed that the number of apoptotic neurons in model group was significantly increased. Besides, results of immunohistochemical detection manifested that the caspase-3 protein expression level in model group was obviously increased. Hypoxia ischemia can lead to significant increase of caspase-3 expression and increase of neuronal apoptosis in the brain of neonatal mice.
Open Diophantine problems

Diophantine Analysis is a very active domain of mathemat- ical research where one finds more conjectures than results. We collect here a number of open questions concerning Diophantine equations (including Pillai's Conjectures), Diophantine approximation (featuring the abc Conjecture) and transcendental number theory (with, for instance, Schanuel's Conjecture). Some questions related to Mahler's measure and Weil absolute logarithmic height are then considered (e.g., Lehmer's Problem). We also discuss Mazur's question regarding the density of rational points on a variety, especially in the particular case of algebraic groups, in connexion with transcendence problems in several variables. We say only a few words on metric problems, equidistribution questions, Diophantine approximation on manifolds and Diophantine analysis on function fields. 2000 Math. Subj. Class. Primary 11Jxx; Secondary 11Dxx, 11Gxx, 14Gxx.
How virtual are we? Measuring virtuality and understanding its impact in a global organization

Abstract. Employees in global corporations are increasingly involved in ‘virtual teams’ on a regular basis. Conflicting definitions of virtuality make it hard to measure such things as how much virtual teaming occurs and how virtual teaming affects performance. As a consequence, it is hard to allocate funding and to design infrastructures and software to support this specific mode of working. Using the concept of discontinuities, or changes in expected conditions, we propose a virtuality index to assess how ‘virtual’ a given setting is. The discontinuities used include geography, time zone, organization, national culture, work practices, and technology. The index separately measures these aspects of virtuality and their effect on perceived team performance. Data collected at a large multinational corporation clustered into three overarching discontinuities: team distribution, workplace mobility, and variety of work practices. The study revealed that being distributed in and of itself had no impact on self‐assessed team performance. Work practice predictability and sociability mitigated effects of working in discontinuous environments, while variety of practices (cultural and work process diversity) and employee mobility negatively impacted performance.
Simultaneous multi-parametric and quantitative estimation of 23Na physical properties at 7 Tesla using QuICS

Quantifying physical properties of sodium could be of benefit to assess more specifically changes in cellular homeostasis accompanying neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases. This work aimed at adapting for ^\textrm23Na MRI at 7 Tesla the Quantitative Imaging using Configuration States (QuICS) method, primarily developped for ^\textrm1H MRI. We demonstrate the possibility to not only estimate accurately the T_\textrm1, T_\textrm2, FA, M_\textrm0 and ADC simultaneously for ^\textrm23Na at physiological concentration at UHF, but to acquire 3D maps for all of them.
Separating Translation from Protection in Address Spaces with Dynamic Remapping

It is time to reconsider memory protection. The emergence of large non-volatile main memories, scalable interconnects, and rack-scale computers running large numbers of small "micro services" creates significant challenges for memory protection based solely on MMU mechanisms. Central to this is a tension between protection and translation: optimizing for translation performance often comes with a cost in protection flexibility. We argue that a key-based memory protection scheme, complementary to but separate from regular page-level translation, is a better match for this new world. We present MaKC, a new architecture which combines two levels of capability-based protection to scale fine-grained memory protection at both user and kernel level to large numbers of protection domains without compromising efficiency at scale or ease of revocation.
Phase I Study of Biweekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for Frail Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective:The aim of this phase I study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and to evaluate the toxicity of the biweekly paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy in frail patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Method:Seventeen unresectable and previously untreated NSCLC patients participated in this study. Frail patients (>80 years old with PS 0–1 and adequate organ functions, or <80 years old with PS 2 or <80 with PS 0–1 and one inadequate organ function of bone marrow, liver, or kidney) of NSCLC were enrolled in this study. Both paclitaxel and carboplatin were administered on day 1 and repeated biweekly. The starting dose of paclitaxel 120 mg/m2 and carboplatin was AUC 3 /d on day 1 every 2 weeks for 4 to 8 cycles. Results:Seventeen frail patients received a total of 1 to 10 cycles. The major hematologic toxicity was neutropenia. Nonhematologic toxicities, including numbness and constipation, were generally mild and reversible. The MTD of paclitaxel were determined as 140 mg/m2. The recommended phase II study dose of paclitaxel was determined as 120 mg/m2 with area under the curve 3 biweekly for 1 day. An objective response was observed in 8 of 17 patients (47%) with frail patients. Conclusion:The combination chemotherapy of biweekly paclitaxel and carboplatin appears to be tolerable and sufficiently effective in frail patients with NSCLC. A phase II trial is underway.
Health literacy weakly but consistently predicts primary care patient dissatisfaction.

OBJECTIVES To study relationships between health literacy and multiple satisfaction domains. Health literacy is related to some domains of patient satisfaction such as communication and understanding, but little is known about relationships of health literacy with other satisfaction domains. Moreover, the importance of health literacy in predicting satisfaction compared with other patient sociodemographics is underexplored. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Primary care waiting areas with a Veterans Administration Medical Center and a university health system. PARTICIPANTS One thousand five hundred and twenty-eight primary care patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A brief demographics questionnaire, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, the Veterans Affairs ambulatory care patient satisfaction survey, and an adaptation of the Charlson Comorbidity Index. RESULTS In unadjusted regression analyses, lower health literacy level was a significant predictor of worse satisfaction in 7 of 10 domains (P < 0.01). When adjusting for patient sociodemographics, predicted relationships remained significant in six of the seven domains (P < 0.05), with each unit change in the 4-stage literacy classification associated with a 3-6 point decrease in dissatisfaction scores (0-100 scale). Health literacy did not predict overall dissatisfaction (P = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that health literacy, as assessed through a pronunciation exercise that is closely related to more comprehensive measures of literacy, has a consistent, albeit weak relationship with patient satisfaction. Future work is needed to clarify if patients with lower literacy are really receiving different care than those with higher literacy and to pinpoint the sources of their more negative responses.
Um estudo sobre a contenção de disco em ambientes virtualizados utilizando contêineres e seu impacto sobre aplicações MapReduce

Aplicacoes Big Data precisam analisar e processar grandes quantidades de dados em paralelo, como e o caso das aplicacoes MapReduce que sao conhecidas pela utilizacao intensiva de disco. Nesse contexto, observou-se a tendencia em utilizar a virtualizacao baseada em conteineres para o processamento de aplicacoes de alto desempenho, como o MapReduce. Entretanto, o uso de conteineres para o processamento intensivo de dados trouxe a tona diversos problemas de interferencia ja resolvidos para as tecnologias tradicionais de virtualizacao, como por exemplo a interferencia causada pela uso concorrente dos recursos de disco, problema esse tambem conhecido como contencao de disco. Esse trabalho apresenta um estudo experimental que investiga o uso intensivo e concorrente dos recursos de escrita em disco: em que se concentram os principais problemas de interferencia de disco, responsaveis por conduzir os ambientes virtualizados que utilizem conteineres para o processamento de aplicacoes MapReduce a contencao de disco. Os resultados demonstram que ao utilizar politicas tanto estaticas quanto dinâmicas para o gerenciamento de recursos e possivel minimizar os problemas de contencao de disco e acelerar as aplicacoes MapReduce processadas sobre conteineres. A metrica Makespan foi avaliada e os ganhos sobre as estrategias sao de: estatica 31% e a dinâmica 26%.
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Daptomycin at Doses up to 12 Milligrams per Kilogram of Body Weight Once Daily in Healthy Volunteers

ABSTRACT Daptomycin, a novel lipopeptide, is bactericidal against a broad range of gram-positive strains, including methicillin- (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Daptomycin is approved at 4 mg/kg of body weight given intravenously once daily for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections and at 6 mg/kg for the treatment of S. aureus bloodstream infections (bacteremia), including right-sided endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA. The present study was designed to evaluate the multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of daptomycin at doses of 6 to 12 mg/kg in healthy volunteers. Three cohorts of 12 subjects each were given daptomycin (10 mg/kg) or placebo once daily for 14 days, daptomycin (12 mg/kg) or placebo once daily for 14 days, or daptomycin (6 or 8 mg/kg) once daily for 4 days. Daptomycin produced dose-proportional increases in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and in trough daptomycin levels and nearly dose-proportional increases in peak daptomycin concentrations. Other pharmacokinetic parameters measured on day 1 and at steady state were independent of the dose, including the half-life (approximately 8 h), weight-normalized plasma clearance (9 to 10 ml/h/kg), and volume of distribution (approximately 100 ml/kg). Plasma protein binding was 90% to 93% and was independent of the daptomycin concentration. Daptomycin did not produce electrocardiographic abnormalities or electrophysiological evidence of muscle or nerve toxicity. Daptomycin was well tolerated in subjects dosed with up to 12 mg/kg intravenously for 14 days. Doses of daptomycin higher than 6 mg/kg once daily may be considered in further studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of daptomycin in difficult-to-treat infections.
Obesity: transition from adolescence to adulthood and feedback partial gmm logistic model with time-dependent covariates

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of certain covariates on obesity. More importantly, we seek to determine the feedback of obesity on depression, and physical activity as they transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: Using 15 years of nationally representative data from 6560 adolescents (Add health data), we estimate feedback and associations between depression, and activity scale on obesity while we adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status through a GMM logistic regression model with time-dependent covariates. Results: Activity (p<0.001) and depression (p<0.001) have significant impact on Obesity. In early years, alcohol had no impact (p=0.895 and p=0.476) on obesity but in later years it did (p<0.001). In the early years, television hours had an impact but as they got older, it did not. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that public health researchers can target obesity simultaneously with depression, and activity scale. These findings contribute new insights into the feedback of obesity on depression, and activity. This unique model allows segments of associations to be addressed rather than assuming all associations remain the same over 15 years.
Natural History of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms : A Retrospective Single Center Analysis

Objective We conducted a retrospective cohort study to elucidate the natural course of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) at a single institution. Methods Data from patients diagnosed with UIA from March 2000 to May 2008 at our hospital were subjected to a retrospective analysis. The cumulative and annual aneurysm rupture rates were calculated. Additionally, risk factors associated with aneurysmal rupture were identified. Results A total of 1339 aneurysms in 1006 patients met the inclusion criteria. During the follow-up period, 685 aneurysms were treated before rupture via either an open surgical or endovascular procedure. Six hundred fifty-four UIAs were identified and not repaired during the follow-up period. The mean UIA size was 4.5±3.2 mm, and 86.5% of the total UIAs had a largest dimension <7 mm. Among these UIAs, 18 ruptured at a median of 1.6 years (range : 27 days to 9.8 years) after day 0. The annual rupture risk during a 9-year follow-up was 1.00%. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the aneurysm size and a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were statistically significant risk factors for rupture. For an aneurysms smaller than 7 mm in the absence of a history of SAH, the annual rupture risk was 0.79%. Conclusion In our study, the annual rupture risk for UIAs smaller than 7 mm in the absence of a history of SAH was higher than that of Western populations but similar to that of the Japanese population.
How much anatomy is enough?

Innovations in undergraduate medical education, such as integration of disciplines and problem based learning, have given rise to concerns about students' knowledge of anatomy. This article originated from several studies investigating the knowledge of anatomy of students at the eight Dutch medical schools. The studies showed that undergraduate students uniformly perceived deficiencies in their anatomical knowledge when they started clinical training regardless of their school's didactic approach. A study assessing students' actual knowledge of clinical anatomy revealed no relationship between students' knowledge and the school's didactic approach. Test failure rates based on absolute standards set by different groups of experts were indicative of unsatisfactory levels of anatomical knowledge, although standards differed markedly between the groups of experts. Good test performance by students seems to be related to total teaching time for anatomy, teaching in clinical context, and revisiting anatomy topics in the course of the curriculum. These factors appeared to outweigh the effects of disciplinary integration orwhether the curriculum was problem‐based or traditional. Anat Sci Ed 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Hand Geometry and Palmprint Classification System Based on Statistical Analysis

Biometric system is considered of an important type of security systems nowadays, because it relays on the individual traits (physical or behavioral) non-participation between any two people that can't be lost on lifetime and can't be stolen. This paper, will present the individual classification system based on hand geometry and palm texture feature where it is one of the parts of the human body, which has an impressive set of information capable to distinguish and identify individuals. Utilize Principal Component Analysis PCA for palimprint texture feature extraction. The proposed system consists of three phases: image preprocessing, hand feature extraction and pattern classification. Utilize Principal Component Analysis PCA for palimprint texture feature extraction. The proposed system utilized complete hand image inside database consists of 600 pictures, include 100 people, each one has six images. Experimental results show that 98.3% is achieved and that illustrate the applicability of the system in the security's average of different environments.
Integer Decomposition Property of Dilated Polytopes

Let $\mathcal{P} \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ be an integral convex polytope of dimension $d$ and write $k \mathcal{P}$, where $k = 1, 2, \ldots$, for dilations of $\mathcal{P}$. We say that $\mathcal{P}$ possesses the integer decomposition property if, for any integer $k = 1, 2, \ldots$ and for any $\alpha \in k \mathcal{P} \cap \mathbb{Z}^N$, there exist $\alpha_{1}, \ldots, \alpha_k$ belonging to $\mathcal{P} \cap \mathbb{Z}^N$ such that $\alpha = \alpha_1 + \cdots + \alpha_k$. A fundamental question is to determine the integers $k > 0$ for which the dilated polytope $k\mathcal{P}$ possesses the integer decomposition property. In the present paper, combinatorial invariants related to the integer decomposition property of dilated polytopes will be proposed and studied.