Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Well-being over the life span : S emiparametric evidence from British and German longitudinal data

This paper applies semiparametric regression models using penalized splines to investigate the profile of well-being over the life span. Splines have the advantage that they do not require a priori assumptions about the form of the curve. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), the analysis shows a common, quite similar, age-specific pattern of life satisfaction for both Britain and Germany that can be characterized by three age stages. In the first stage, life satisfaction declines until approximately the fifth life decade. In the second age stage, well-being clearly increases and has a second turning point (maximum) after which well-being decreases in the third age stage. Several reasons for the three-phase pattern are discussed. We point to the fact that neither polynomial functions of the third nor the fourth degree describe the relationship adequately: polynomials locate the minimum and the maximum imprecisely. In addition, our analysis discusses the indistinguishability of age, period, and cohort effects: we propose estimating age-period models that control for cohort effects including substantive variables, such as the life expectancy of the birth cohort, and further observed socioeconomic characteristics in the regression.
Rib waveguides based on the sol-gel derived SiO 2 : TiO 2 films

This work presents rib waveguides fabricated by chemical etching of inorganic two-component SiO2:TiO2 films. Silicatitania films were fabricated using sol-gel method. In all technological processes involving masking, standard photolithographic procedures were used. A photoresist was used as a mask in the chemical etching processes. Rib waveguides of 5 nm rib height and rib width of less than 4μm were single mode for a wavelength of λ=635nm. The attenuation determined for fabricated rib waveguides approximately equal to 1,5dB/cm. Rib waveguides are essentials components of integrated optical planar systems for signal processing and for optical sensors. The present work concerns the fabrication technology of rib waveguides developed by our research group [1], [2]. This technology is based on twocomponent SiO2:TiO2 optical waveguide films fabricated with a sol-gel method. The fabricated waveguide films are characterized by high refractive index (~1.8) and low attenuation (~0.3 dB/m). The diagram of a rib waveguide is show on Fig.1. The optical and geometrical parameters describing a rib waveguide are: a refractive index of waveguide film n1, substrate nb, cover nc and thickness h in a rib area, rib height t and width w. A theoretical analysis of rib waveguides was carried out using an effective index method [3]. Fig.1 Diagram of a RIB waveguide Fig.2 shows the calculated modal characteristics of a slab waveguide for TE polarization and a wavelength of λ=635nm. The values of waveguide refractive indices taken for calculations are: waveguide layer n1=1.793, substrate layer nb=1.515 and cover layer nc=1.000. Such * E-mail: pawel.karasinski@polsl.pl values of refractive indices characterized the structures fabricated in our group. Fig.2 Modal characteristics of a planar waveguide The modal characteristics of a rib waveguide for selected values of height t are shown in Fig.3. It can be seen that along with an increase in rib height t the cut-off width wcut of TE01 mode is decreasing. For a rib height of t=5nm , the TE01 cut-off width is wcut=2. 83μm. Silicatitania films were fabricated using a sol-gel method [4][6]. Fig.3 Modal characteristics of a rib waveguide, h=219nm Rib waveguides based on the sol-gel derived SiO2 :TiO2 films
Southern Ocean wind response to North Atlantic cooling and the rise in atmospheric CO2: Modeling perspective and paleoceanographic implications

[1] A recent study found enhanced upwelling rates in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial termination that coincided with the deglacial warming in Antarctica and the rise in atmospheric CO2. They hypothesized that the intensification of Southern Hemisphere midlatitude westerlies, the presumed cause of the increased wind-driven upwelling, was triggered by an initial cooling within the glacial North Atlantic whose influence was then communicated to the southern midlatitudes through an atmospheric teleconnection. In this study, we explore the viability of the above hypothesis using a modeling strategy, focusing on the atmospheric teleconnection. In simulations where North Atlantic cooling was applied, the model Intertropical Convergence Zone shifted southward, and westerlies and wind stress over Southern Ocean increased by as much as 25%. While the perennial westerly anomalies occur over the entire Southern Ocean, they are strongest over the South Pacific during the austral winter. When the wind stress anomalies were applied to an Earth system model incorporating interactive marine biogeochemistry, atmospheric CO2 rises between 20 and 60 ppm, depending on the biological response. We thus confirm the viability of the proposed atmospheric teleconnection hypothesis. The teleconnection appears to involves two distinct steps: first, the North Atlantic cooling shifts the Intertropical Convergence Zone southward, weakening the southern branch of the Hadley circulation, and second, how the altered Hadley circulation in turn modifies the structure of midlatitude westerlies in the South Pacific, via the former's influence on the Southern Hemisphere subtropical jet. This study underscores the control of the Northern Hemisphere has on southern midlatitude westerlies, mediating by tropical circulation, in contrast to past paleoclimate hypotheses that the magnitude and position of the southern midlatitude westerlies was controlled by global mean temperature. Our results do not preclude other potential mechanisms for affecting Southern Ocean ventilation, in particular through oceanic pathways.
Jäätalvet 1981–1985 Suomen merialueilla. Ice winters 1981–1985 along the Finnish coast

Sisaltaa myos toisen artikkelin: Hannu Gronvall, Simo Kalliosaari, Matti Lepparanta, Ari Seina: WMO:n merijaan terminologia (suomi) Julkaisuun liittyy kaksi suplementtia: Hannu Gronvall, Riikka Hietala, Simo Kalliosaari, Matti Lepparanta, Ari Seina: Statistics of the sea surface temperature of the BaItic Sea 21 October – 1 March (1965 – 1986). Finnish Marine Research N:o 254 Supplement. M. Lepparanta, E. Palosuo, H. Gronvall, S. Kalliosaari, A. Seina, J. Peltola: Itameren jaatalven vaiheet (leveyspiirilta 57°N pohjoiseen) = Isvinterns faser i Ostersjon (Norr om latitud 57°N) = Phases of the ice season in the Baltic Sea (North of latitude 57°N). Finnish Marine Research N:o 254 Supplement 2.
Decomposition of the Gender Wage Gap Using Matching : An Application for Switzerland

2007, Vol. 143 (4) 365–396 * Dr. oec. HSG, Wüest & Partner AG, Gotthardstrasse 6, CH-8002 Zürich, Switzerland; phone : ++41 (0) 44 289 91 66 ; fax : ++41 (0) 44 289 90 01 ; e-mail : djurdjevic@wuestundpartner.com; web page : www.wuestundpartner.com ** Master of Arts in Economics, Institut für Arbeitsökonomik, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät der Leibniz Universität Hannover, Königsworther Platz 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; phone : ++49 (0) 511 762 56 20 ; fax : ++49 (0) 511 762 82 97, e-mail: Radyakin@aoek. uni-hannover.de; web page : www.wiwi. uni-hannover.de/aoek/personal/radyakin.htm 1 L and S (2004) investigate the importance of social norms in explaining why women do not report a lower job satisfaction while persistent wage gaps are observed in Switzerland. In their study, wage differentials between men and women are attributed to the social norms about appropriate salaries for women. However, we can argue that these social norms can represent a form of barriers to the integration of women to the labour market. Decomposition of the Gender Wage Gap Using Matching: An Application for Switzerland
An Advantage of the Linear Probability Model over Probit or Logit

Linear probability models, logit models, and probit models have been used to estimate dichotomous choice models in the past, but recently, the linear probability model has fallen into disfavor because it can yield predicted probabilities outside the 0-1 interval. However, there are some parameters of interest that can be estimated in the linear probability model, but not in either logit or probit models. If the model contains a dummy variable for membership in some group, and every member of the group has the same value for the dependent variable, the coefficient of the group dummy variable cannot be estimated in logit or probit models, but can be estimated in the linear probability model. Copyright 1988 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Triangular Representation and Error Correction Mechanism in Cointegrated Systems

In this paper, the authors provide a proof of the Granger representation theorem starting from P. C. B. Phillips' triangular representation of a cointegrated system. Proofs of the theorem have already been provided but starting either from the MA representation or from the AR representation. Conversely, the authors derive and characterize analytically the MA and the AR representations in terms of the parameters of the triangular system. Copyright 1996 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Solutions of Some Critical Problems for Preparation of Nation-wide Digital Enumeration Area Maps Based on Aerial Photographs

The gigantic task of preparation of digital Enumeration Area (EA) maps of whole Bangladesh was completed as a milestone initiative to move towards digital technology from conventional manual techniques. The nation-wide EA mapping based on aerial photographs and available conventional geo-information was initially constrained by a number of problems which were overcome and managed through innovative techniques. Mismatching of the administrative boundaries, digitized from the existing maps, with the aerial photo-mosaic appeared to be a critical problem. This mismatching caused relative geographical shifting of the locations of landmarks (surface features) on each EA map. Geographic feature based georeferencing backed by newly developed control point extension technique was employed to overcome this problem. The next problem was the requirement of time for composing thousands of EA maps. It was estimated that conventional technique based on composition of single map at a time required time that would override the project period significantly. A series map generation procedure was introduced to reduce the map composition time. Finally, monitoring of the progress of the mapping activities was an issue at management level that was addressed under the present work. A procedure to estimate time requirement for completing each task of EA map preparation was worked out. Based on the time requirement, a progress monitoring system was developed and introduced.
Deferred tax expense ( DTE ) and auditor switches

The study explores the use of the deferred tax expense (DTE) as a proxy for accounting quality and extends the literature that uses tax accounts to investigate auditor-client decisions. The study examines whether the DTE is associated with the probability of an auditor switch. Results indicate a positive association between the magnitude of the DTE and auditor switches, consistent with low earnings quality increasing the probability of an auditor switch. The study also examines whether the DTE influences the weight investors assign to the annual change in earnings. Results indicate investors discount the weight placed in earnings for firms that change to a larger auditor and have large DTE balances, which suggest investors may infer the auditor switch was motivated by opinion shopping. The study also documents that firms switching to smaller auditors experience a better valuation of firms’ earnings consistent with effective auditor-client realignment.
Transparent Run-Time Defense Against Stack-Smashing Attacks

The exploitation of buffer overflow vulnerabilities in process stacks constitutes a significant portion of security attacks. We present two new methods to detect and handle such attacks. In contrast to previous work, the new methods work with any existing pre-compiled executable and can be used transparently per-process as well as on a system-wide basis. The first method intercepts all calls to library functions known to be vulnerable. A substitute version of the corresponding function implements the original functionality, but in a manner that ensures that any buffer overflows are contained within the current stack frame. The second method uses binary modification of the process memory to force verification of critical elements of stacks before use. We have implemented both methods on Linux as dynamically loadable libraries and shown that both libraries detect several known attacks. The performance overhead of these libraries range from negligible to 15%.
A Robust Scheme for Secure Communication in Internet of Things

Development of Internet of Things (IOT) has created concerns about the security of IOT. The security framework of Internet cannot provide a complete solution to all security problems. This paper attempts to provide a twoway authentication scheme followed by dynamic variable cipher security certificate in internet of things which can be applied securely in Internet of Things.The proposed paper implements the security structure on sensor layer and application layer in IOT which analyzes features of security. Based on secure hash algorithm, we present an asymmetric two-way authentication scheme between the platform and terminal combined with method of “one time one cipher” in communication process. It is a lightweight process of encryption and decryption in IOT.
A Survey on Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Recently vehicular ad hoc networks is getting more interest in the industry and academic research field due to promisingdedicated short range communications operating in 5.9GHz band. Vanet is a special class of mobile ad hoc networks which provides communication between vehicles to vehicles and vehicles to road side unit forming an Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Routing plays an important role in communication between mobile nodes such as vehicles or cars to broadcast the information in the form of data packets to the receiver nodes successfully without errors. There are various routing protocols presently exist in vanet based on topology, position,broadcast, clustering, geocast. This paper discusses the performance of those protocols in different road scenarios and list the merits and demerits and conclude the challenges facing in the present day research of VANET.
The Condition of Oregon's Forests and Woodlands: Implications for the Effective Conservation of Biodiversity

To frame this problem at the statewide scale, we analyzed the recently released draft LANDFIRE Rapid Assessment fire regime and condition class data for fire-prone forests and woodlands and lands within the Wildland Urban Interface. We selected forests and woodlands for analysis based on their fire regime characteristics, current condition, and proximity to the Wildland Urban Interface. We then compared our estimates of the acres of forests and woodlands that would need to be treated annually to address uncharacteristic fuel loads, restore fire as a natural process, or reduce fire risk in the Wildland Urban Interface to reported federal treatment accomplishments to get a first approximation of the gap between current and needed restoration efforts. Recognizing that the LANDFIRE Rapid Assessment data on conditions are coarse and the predictions greatly simplify the problem and solutions, we propose a roadmap for
APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION TO POROSITY QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION OF SANDY CONGLOMERATE BODIES IN NORTHERN DX

This paper presents the application of a method,multiple linear regression,to quantitative porosity prediction of sandy conglomerate bodies from three aspects. (1) On the basis of analyzing logging data and interpreting porosity,seismic interpretation for geological horizon is carried on to extract and optimize various seismic attributes. (2) According to the analysis on the correlations and physical meanings of seismic attributes,the total strength,total negative-amplitude and zero phase numbers are determined to be the best attribute set. (3) Through the trend analysis on seismic attribute parameters and discrete data of porosity,this study distinguishes and removes singular value impact,increases both data correlation and prediction accuracy of porosity,and fulfills quantitative porosity prediction.Results coincide with the geological law and have a high precision.Therefore,this method is effective and feasible.
Search for new phenomena in high-mass final states with a photon and a jet from pp collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detecto

A search is performed for new phenomena in events having a photon with high transverse momentum and a jet collected in 36.7 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The invariant mass distribution of the leading photon and jet is examined to look for the resonant production of new particles or the presence of new high-mass states beyond the SM. No significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed and cross-section limits for generic Gaussian-shaped resonances are extracted. Excited quarks hypothesised in quark compositeness models and high-mass states predicted in quantum black hole models with extra dimensions are also examined in the analysis. The observed data exclude, at 95% confidence level, the mass range below 5.3 TeV for excited quarks and 7.1 TeV (4.4 TeV) for quantum black holes in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali (Randall-Sundrum) model with six (one) extra dimensions.
Evolution of digestive enzymes and dietary diversification in birds

As the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates, Aves possesses diverse feeding habits, with multiple origins of insectivory, carnivory, frugivory, nectarivory, granivory and omnivory. Since digestive enzymes mediate and limit energy and nutrient uptake, we hypothesized that genes encoding digestive enzymes have undergone adaptive evolution in birds. To test this general hypothesis, we identified 16 digestive enzyme genes (including seven carbohydrase genes (hepatic amy, pancreatic amy, salivary amy, agl, g6pc, gaa and gck), three lipase genes (cyp7a1, lipf and pnlip), two protease genes (ctrc and pgc), two lysozyme genes (lyz and lyg ) and two chitinase genes (chia and chit1)) from the available genomes of 48 bird species. Among these 16 genes, three (salivary amy, lipf and chit1) were not found in all 48 avian genomes, which was further supported by our synteny analysis. Of the remaining 13 genes, eight were single-copy and five (chia, gaa, lyz, lyg and pgc) were multi-copy. Moreover, the multicopy genes gaa, lyg and pgc were predicted to exhibit functional divergence among copies. Positively selected sites were detected in all of the analyzed digestive enzyme genes, except agl, g6pc, gaa and gck, suggesting that different diets may have favored differences in catalytic capacities of these enzymes. Furthermore, the analysis also revealed that the pancreatic amylase gene and one of the lipase genes (cyp7a1) have higher ω (the ratio of nonsynonymous to the synonymous substitution rates) values in species consuming a larger amount of seeds and meat, respectively, indicating an intense selection. In addition, the gck carbohydrase gene in species consuming a smaller amount of seeds, fruits or nectar, and a lipase gene (pnlip) in species consuming less meat were found to be under relaxed selection. Thus, gene loss, gene duplication, functional divergence, positive selection and relaxed selection have collectively shaped the evolution of digestive enzymes in birds, and the evolutionary flexibility of these enzymes may have facilitated their dietary diversification. Subjects Ecology, Evolutionary Studies, Zoology
EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS : WHAT , WHEN , AND HOW ?

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are a class of heuristic search methods based on natural selection. These algorithms find application in NP-Hard optimizations problems that do not solve efficiently using strictly analytic methods. The past decade saw an overwhelming increase in GA application in the real-world. However, many practitioners apply these algorithms hastily using software packages such as MATLAB, without even justifying the use of GAs. Actually, an effective implementation relies on and should reflect the user’s understanding of the optimization problem and awareness of the limitations of algorithm: GAs are not the best alternative for all optimization problems, and the user has to integrate problem specific information in the algorithm. In this paper we highlight merits and demerits of GAs and discuss issues of implementation to practical problems.
Ochracenoids A and B, Guaiazulene-Based Analogues from Gorgonian Anthogorgia ochracea Collected from the South China Sea

Two new guaiazulene-based analogues, ochracenoids A (1) and B (2), along with four known analogues (3–6), were isolated from the gorgonian Anthogorgia ochracea collected from the South China Sea. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined as 3R by the comparison of TDDFT calculated electronic circular dichroism with its experimental spectrum. Compound 1 is a rare guaiazulene-based analogue possessing a unique C16 skeleton. The possible generation process of 1 through an intermolecular one-carbon-transfer reaction was also discussed. Compound 2 was previously described as a presumed intermediate involved in the biogenesis of anthogorgienes A and I. Compound 3 exhibited antiproliferative effects on the embryo development of zebrafish Danio rerio.
Measurement of event-plane correlations in √sNN = 2.76 TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Aad, G. ; et al., [Unknown]; Aben, R. ; Angelozzi, I. ; Beemster, L.J.; Bentvelsen, S. ; Berge, D. ; Berglund, E. ; Bobbink, G.J.; Bos, K. ; Boterenbrood, H. ; Butti, P.; Castelli, A. ; Colijn, A.P.; de Jong, P.; de Nooij, L. ; Deigaard, I. ; Deluca, C. ; Deviveiros, P.O. ; Dhaliwal, S. ; Ferrari, P.; Gadatsch, S. ; Geerts, D.A. A. ; Hartjes, F. ; Hessey, N.P.; Hod, N. ; Igonkina, O. ; Kluit, P.; Koffeman, E. ; Lee, H. ; Lenz, T. ; Linde, F. ; Mahlstedt, J.; Mechnich, J.; Oussoren, K.P.; Pani, P.; Salek, D. ; Valencic, N. ; van der Deijl, P.C. ; van der Geer, R. ; van der Graaf, H. ; van der Leeuw, R. ; van Vulpen, I. ; Verkerke, W. ; Vermeulen, J.C. ; Vranjes Milosavljevic, M. ; Vreeswijk, M. ; Weits, H. DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.90. 024905 Publication date 2014 Document Version Final published version Published in Physical Review C