Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curriculum analysis of foods and beverage management of technological and vocational education in Taiwan

The purposes of this study are to analyze developmental trends, hospitality curricula structures and strategies of curriculum development for planning the integrated curriculum of foods and beverage (F&B) management of the vocational and technological educational system in Taiwan. The qualitative and quantitative research methods – theoretical analysis, document analysis, focus group in-depth discussion, and questionnaire investigation – were applied to this study. The vertical curriculum design – from vocational high school level to college and university level – and contents were developed by this study. The major findings of the research provide a basis for curriculum development of F&B management education.
Evidence that cyclic nucleotides are not mediators of fever in rabbits

1 The N6‐2′‐0‐dibutyryl derivative of adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (db cyclic AMP) and related compounds have been micro‐injected into the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic nuclei (PO/AH) of the unanaesthetized, restrained rabbit and the effects on deep body temperature observed. 2 Db cyclic AMP (100–400 μg) produced hypothermia of rapid onset in rabbits at an ambient temperature of 20–23 °C. Hypothermia was also produced by N2‐2′‐0‐dibutyryl guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (db cyclic GMP), but not by saline, sodium n‐butyrate, adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cyclic AMP), guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate, adenosine 5′‐mono‐, di‐ or triphosphate. 3 The initial hypothermic response to db cyclic AMP and db cyclic GMP was followed by a sustained rise in temperature. However, all compounds injected into the PO/AH produced a similar hyperthermia which was attenuated by paracetamol. Development of this tissue‐damage fever abolished the hypothermic response to db cyclic AMP in some rabbits. 4 The effects of db cyclic AMP on body temperature and behaviour were not reproduced by the adenylate cyclase activators, cholera toxin (0.125‐5 μg) and guanyl imidodiphosphate (5–400 μg). 5 It is concluded that hypothermia is the principal effect of db cyclic AMP on body temperature when injected into the PO/AH in rabbits. These data do not support the proposal that endogenous cyclic AMP in the rabbit brain mediates pyrexia.
Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters

Compact optical channel dropping filters incorporating side-coupled ring resonators as small as 3 /spl mu/m in radius are realized in silicon technology. Quality factors up to 250, and a free-spectral range (FSR) as large as 24 nm are measured. Such structures can be used as fundamental building blocks in more sophisticated optical signal processing devices.
Demand Uncertainty, Incomplete Markets, and the Optimality of Rationing

When the arrival of traders at the market is stochastic, and it is impossible for traders who might arrive to meet ex ante, then Walrasian spot-market clearing presents consumers with price-risk and is typically not Pareto optimal. Instead, with an indivisible good and a divisible numeraire, the first-best can be achieved by an “Exchange” selling raffle tickets at a fixed price. When only spot market trading is feasible and consumers cannot commit to pay unless they purchase the indivisible good, efficiency implies price-fixing with rationing. Potential disadvantages of black markets and scalping are discussed.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: D45, D52, D8.
Party manifestos and local accountability: A content analysis of local election pledges in Wales

Party manifestos are seen as an important instrument for measuring levels of accountability at central government level. In order to establish whether manifestos contribute to local accountability, a content analysis is applied to party manifestos produced for the 1995 Welsh local elections. Evidence demonstrates that during this election campaign local parties in Wales chose to focus upon policies relating to the environment and local government reorganisation, with mainly strategic pledges on social policy areas. Despite the perception of low levels of party politicisation in Wales, the majority of local pledges were found to be detailed and specific. Thus party manifestos provide a sound basis for local political accountability.
Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics-the role of the interface

The incorporation of silica nanoparticles into polyethylene increased the breakdown strength and voltage endurance significantly compared to the incorporation of micron scale fillers. In addition, dielectric spectroscopy showed a decrease in dielectric permittivity for the nanocomposite over the base polymer, and changes in the space charge distribution and dynamics have been documented. The most significant difference between micron scale and nanoscale fillers is the tremendous increase in interfacial area in nanocomposites. Because the interfacial region (interaction zone) is likely to be pivotal in controlling properties, the bonding between the silica and polyethylene was characterized using Fourier transformed infrared (FTTR) spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The picture which is emerging suggests that the enhanced interfacial zone, in addition to particle-polymer bonding, plays a very important role in determining the dielectric behavior of nanocomposites.
Pattern and process in constructional morphology

In Chapter 10 of the masterful book The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, Gould (2002) expands a model first proposed by Seilacher (1970) that explains the genesis of adaptive morphological features of organisms as the outcome of the action of three causal factors that form a triangle in a theoretical space. These factors are phylogenetic (Historischphylogenetischer Aspekt), adaptational (Ökologisch-adaptiver Aspekt), and architectural (Bautechnischer Aspekt) for Seilacher (1970) and historical, functional, and structural for Gould (2002, p. 1052). The position of any morphological character within the surface of the triangle is determined by the relative contribution of each one of these causal factors to explain the variation of this character. For instance, morphological stasis can be mainly determined by limited genetic variation (a historical factor), stabilizing selection (a functional factor), or be imposed by a physical law (a structural factor). This framework is known as constructional morphology (McGhee 1999). Recent findings in evo-devo show that different phyla share homologous genes and similar developmental mechanisms (‘‘deep homology,’’ for instance, the existence of Hox genes regulating the differentiation of regions along the anterior–posterior axis in Arthropods and Vertebrates; Gilbert 2000, p. 366). This evidence, together with new insights into the role of self-organization in development (Seilacher 1991; Kauffman 1993), suggest that historical and structural factors are more important than traditionally assumed by Neo-Darwinism. In this context, Seilacher’s model is of high interest and deserves wider recognition not only because of its high heuristic value, but also because it integrates three main world views in biology that, following Gould (2002, pp. 1057–1061), are historicism (genealogical cladism), Darwinian functionalism (the adaptational paradigm), and physical structuralism (D’Arcy Thompsonism and spandrelism; see below). Here I address the question of whether historical and structural factors are mechanisms different from the functional mechanism of natural selection as causes of adaptive evolutionary change.
Always connected, but are smart mobile users getting more security savvy? A survey of smart mobile device users

Smart mobile devices are a potential attack vector for cyber criminal activities. Two hundred and fifty smart mobile device owners from the University of South Australia were surveyed. Not surprisingly, it was found that smart mobile device users in the survey generally underestimated the value that their collective identities have to criminals and how these can be sold. For example, participants who reported jail-breaking/rooting their devices were also more likely to exhibit risky behaviour (e.g. downloading and installing applications from unknown providers), and the participants generally had no idea of the value of their collective identities to criminals which can be sold to the highest bidder. In general, the participants did not understand the risks and may not have perceived cyber crime to be a real threat. Findings from the survey and the escalating complexities of the end-user mobile and online environment underscore the need for regular ongoing training programs for basic online security and the promotion of a culture of security among smart mobile device users. For example, targeted education and awareness programmes could be developed to inform or educate smart mobile device users and correct misconceptions or myths in order to bring about changes in attitudes and usage behaviour (e.g. not taking preventative measures such as strong passwords to protect their devices). Such initiatives would enable all end users (including senior University management who use such devices to access privileged corporate data and accounts) to maintain current knowledge of the latest cyber crime activities and the best cyber security protection measures available.
Recovery of hidden state participation effects on oil and gas asset values

Commodity price shocks are shown to cause shifts in both the quantity and timing of risk in natural resource assets. We provide evidence that static risk measures understate the periodicity of price risk implicit in depleting assets. Risk measurement is demonstrated to be asset specific and to vary heterogeneously in response to the combined effects of state participation and market factors. We use a global sample of oilfield assets to demonstrate that oilfield participation terms cause corporate asset cash flows, volatility horizons and minimum variance hedge ratios to vary in response to oil price. We provide additional insights into movements in the timing of physical oil and gas asset risk, a hidden effect not recoverable from market oil prices. Temporal variance for physical assets is shown to be a hidden dimensional outcome of the effects of market factors and state participation.
Evidence for more widespread cerebral pathology in early HD

Background: Most clinical symptoms of Huntington disease (HD) have been attributed to striatal degeneration, but extrastriatal degeneration may play an important role in the clinical symptoms because postmortem studies demonstrate that almost all brain structures atrophy. Objective: To fully characterize the morphometric changes that occur in vivo in HD. Methods: High-resolution 1.5 mm T1-weighted coronal scans were acquired from 18 individuals in early to mid-stages of HD and 18 healthy age-matched controls. Cortical and subcortical gray and white matter were segmented using a semiautomated intensity contour-mapping algorithm. General linear models for correlated data of the volumes of brain regions were used to compare groups, controlling for age, education, handedness, sex, and total brain volumes. Results: Subjects with HD had significant volume reductions in almost all brain structures, including total cerebrum, total white matter, cerebral cortex, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, amygdala, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Conclusions: Widespread degeneration occurs in early to mid-stages of HD, may explain some of the clinical heterogeneity, and may impact future clinical trials.
Joint Venture Relationship Between Swedish Firms and Developing Countries:: A Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the exchange of resources between partners in a joint venture relationship between Swedish firms and developing countries with a longitudinal perspective. Dynamic character of the relationship has been more or less ignored in previous studies. It has thus been difficult to comprehend how it develops over time. In collecting information in this study, both partners and joint venture officials are interviewed several times to follow the development of the relationship. A model is developed so that the study can be systematically described and analyzed. Interaction between exchange of resources, control and cooperation/conflict constitutes the relationship, which is influenced by partners' interests. Performance from the operation plays a vital role to determine what need partners get fulfilled and how much interest they finally attach with the joint venture. An important part of the study has been the comparison between the expected contribution at the in.
A 63-dB DR 22.5-MHz 21.5-dBm IIP3 Fourth-Order FLFB Analog Filter

In this paper, a fourth-order continuous-time follow-the-leader-feedback (FLFB) low-pass (LP) filter is presented. The outstanding FLFB noise behavior is exploited to minimize power consumption. This is achieved by means of customized implementation solutions based on combination of Active-<italic>RC</italic>/Active-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$g_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<italic>RC</italic> cells. The 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS prototype performs 22.5-MHz −3 dB LP frequency response. Large linearity and dynamic range were achieved resulting in 21.5-dBm in-band (iB) IIP3 and 87-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm {RMS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> input referred iB integrated noise. The SNR for a −40 dB HD<sub>3</sub> is 63 dB. The overall power consumption is 12.6 mW (i.e., 7 mA from a 1.8-V supply). The efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated by the achieved figure-of-merit (150.8 dB <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot ~\text{J}^{-1})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which favourably compares to the state-of-the-art active-<italic>RC</italic> analog filters.
Experiences with HPX on embedded real-time systems

Recently more and more embedded devices use multi-core processors. For example, the current generation of high-end engine-control units exhibit triple-core processors. To reliably exploit the parallelism of these cores, an advanced programming environment is needed, such as the current C++17 Standard, as well as the upcoming C++20 Standard. Using C++ to cooperatively parallelize software is comprehensively investigated, but not in the context of embedded multi-core devices with real-time requirements. For this paper we used two algorithms from Continental AG's powertrain which are characteristic for real-time embedded devices and examined the effect of parallelizing them with C++17/20, represented by HPX as a C++17/20 runtime implementation. Different data sizes were used to increase the execution times of the parallel sections. According to Gustafson's Law, with these increased data sizes, the benefit of parallelization increases and greater speed-ups are possible. When keeping Continental AG's original data sizes, HPX is not able to reduce the execution time of the algorithms.
Eurocratising Enlargement? EU Elites and NGO Participation in European Environmental Policy

As the enlargement of the European Union (EU) draws close, democratic concerns remain as to the institutional and procedural design of this emerging polity. This contribution explores this concern by investigating how the informal politics of environmental policymaking shape both public involvement and democratic legitimacy. Interviews with officials from the EU suggest that a top-down, technocratic approach to policymaking increases the gap between Brussels and publics in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. EU officials view environmental non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as recipients of policy information, rather than as potential sources of public opinion and knowledge. This contribution demonstrates that while formal mechanisms may provide symbolic access, the influence and access of NGOs that do not possess technical or scientific expertise is limited. As integration continues, CEE states will become part of a Eurocratic policymaking and administrative tradition that compounds democratic deficits in both CEE countries and the EU.
THE STRATEGIC INTENTION OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN NIGERIA

Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) around the globe are integrators and the grace for economic flight. One major helping hand given by Multinational Enterprises in the provision of capital intensive social amenities and infrastructures is obvious in the area of their social responsibilities. In this vein, the study examined the strategic intention of multinational enterprises in corporate social responsibilities in Nigeria. In the quest into the subject matter, this study gathered data and information through primary and secondary sources. The study randomly selected 500 respondents from the population of the study area (Nigeria). Data were analyzed with Likert Scaling Method and simple percentage method. It was discovered that some MNEs have demonstrated a Two-aim approach (which implies a win-win) as a strategy to keep their operations going in Nigeria, and likely, other developing countries of the world. It was concluded that the rationale behind their commitment to corporate social responsibilities is to establish balance of objectives between the Multinational Enterprises’ home countries and host countries. The study therefore recommended that MNEs and the host countries should maintain two-aim approach, so as to ensure that the objective of one party is not hurt.
Building bridges to successful alliance formation: extending our understanding of performance related determinants focusing on small- and medium-sized businesses

The purpose of this study is to build on previous research (Royer et al., 2003) into the relationship between the self/partner reputation and alliance formation using 'Real-World' competitors. Theoretical studies and case studies have progressed the field substantially but have also been subject to a number of limitations. This study includes complex considerations including motivation for alliance, number of potential partners available, resource wealth of potential partners, and past history with potential partners. The focus of this study is on cooperative arrangements of small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs). In the dynamic environment, SMEs with their traditional resource limitations often have to bundle resources with others to survive. It was argued that the study of alliance formation was particularly relevant to smaller business entities. Representatives from 50 Australian engineering organisations were involved in the study. The findings suggest considerable implications for theoretical propositions relating to the complexity of alliance formation for SMEs and the design demonstrates methodological enhancements relevant to the field.
The 'shortmer' approach to nucleic acid sequence analysis. I: Computer simulation of sequencing projects to find economical primer sets

In principle it is most economical to sequence large DNA fragments consecutively ('primer walking'), provided there is an immediate supply of sequencing primers. To solve the problem of primer supply we previously suggested generating a bank of short oligonucleotide primers ('shortmers'). In every sequencing reaction shortmers would have to be selected from this bank that are suitable to hybridize adjacently on the sequencing template. After their ligation the shortmers would form a long, and hence more specific, primer in the subsequent sequencing reaction. In the present study a computer simulation of large sequencing projects revealed a reduced set of approximately 12,000 selected octanucleotides (out of all 65,536) retaining maximum priming flexibility and minimum redundant information on the simulated sequence analyses. Establishing routine protocols for nucleic acid sequencing following the shortmer approach will abolish the tightest bottleneck of the consecutive sequencing route (primer supply) and hence may render this general scheme more attractive than the shotgun sequencing scheme. A twofold (or more) speed-up of genome sequencing projects by the shortmer approach may be assumed.
Embedded Indices of Effort In The Repeatable Battery For The Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (Rbans) In A Geriatric Sample

The clinical utility of embedded indices of effort in the RBANS was examined in a geriatric sample. Patients were classified as providing suspect effort (n = 45) or probable good effort (n = 258) using the TOMM and clinical consensus. Following the methodology of Silverberg and colleagues ( 2007 ), selected individual subtests and a summary Effort Index were evaluated. Setting specificity at approximately 85% yielded cut-offs of <15 on List Recognition, <8 on Digit Span, and >3 on the Effort Index. The modest sensitivity (51.1–64.4%) suggests that the indices should be used in conjunction with additional effort measures. In addition, the RBANS Picture Naming subtest was examined and showed modest sensitivity to detect suboptimal effort, but did not show notable incremental validity for detecting suboptimal effort beyond the Effort Index.
Online Customer Reviews of Hotels

Customer reviews posted on the web and through social media (electronic word of mouth [eWOM]) have grown in importance for tourism businesses, but most studies have examined the effects of the content of reviews, particularly negative reviews (i.e., their valence). This study considers both the valence and the volume of eWOM using a broad and varied sample of 16,680 hotels in 249 tourist areas. The study found a relationship between valence and volume, in the sense that early reviews of a business tend to be disproportionately negative. As the number of reviews increases, the valence becomes more balanced, and the negative effect is mitigated. Moreover, the study agrees with other findings that positive comments are more common than negative reviews. Whether or not hotels actively respond to negative reviews, one implication of this study is that hoteliers should try to increase the number of reviews they receive to balance the positive and negative representations of their property (in addition to investigating and correcting the causes of negative comments). Those promoting tourist destinations should follow a similar strategy of facilitating access to customer review sites to obtain a balance of negative and favorable ratings.