Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of restenosis after angioplasty in small coronary arteries with probucol.

BACKGROUND Restenosis remains the major limitation of coronary angioplasty. Coronary stents have reduced the incidence of restenosis in selected patients with relatively large vessels. No strategies to date have demonstrated a beneficial effect in vessels < 3.0 mm in diameter. We have shown in the MultiVitamins and Probucol (MVP) Trial that probucol, a potent antioxidant, reduces restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the benefit of probucol therapy is maintained in the subgroup of patients with smaller coronary vessels. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied a subgroup of 189 patients included in the MVP trial who underwent successful balloon angioplasty of at least one coronary segment with a reference diameter < 3.0 mm. One month before angioplasty, patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: placebo, probucol (500 mg), multivitamins (beta-carotene 30000 IU, vitamin C 500 mg, and vitamin E 700 IU), or probucol plus multivitamins twice daily. The treatment was maintained until follow-up angiography was performed at 6 months. The mean reference diameter of this study population was 2.49+/-0.34 mm. Lumen loss was 0.12+/-0.34 mm for probucol, 0.25+/-0.43 mm for the combined treatment, 0.35+/-0.56 mm for vitamins, and 0.38+/-0.51 mm for placebo (P=.005 for probucol). Restenosis rates per segment were 20.0% for probucol, 28.6% for the combined treatment, 45.1% for vitamins, and 37.3% for placebo (P=.006 for probucol). CONCLUSIONS Probucol reduces lumen loss and restenosis rate after balloon angioplasty in small coronary arteries.
Mitogenic activities of synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A and a synthetic partial structure (tripalmitoyl pentapeptide) of E. coli lipoprotein

Synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A and synthetic S-[2,3-bis-(palmitoyloxy)propyl]-N-palmitoylpentapeptide (tripalmitoyl pentapeptide [TPP]), representing the mitogenically active principles of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoprotein, respectively, were compared for their mitogenic activities on splenocytes of LPS responder (BALB/c) and LPS-low-responder (C3H/HeJ) mice. Whereas lipid A was active only in LPS-responder mice, TPP resulted in mitogenic activation of B lymphocytes from both LPS-responder and LPS-low-responder mice. When the mitogens were added simultaneously, mainly additive effects of both activators were observed. The data suggest that two different B-lymphocyte populations are responding to these two mitogens.
Disruption of the Rice Plastid Ribosomal Protein S20 Leads to Chloroplast Developmental Defects and Seedling Lethality

Plastid ribosomal proteins (PRPs) are essential for ribosome biogenesis, plastid protein biosynthesis, chloroplast differentiation, and early chloroplast development. This study identifies the first rice PRP mutant, asl1 (albino seedling lethality1), which exhibits an albino lethal phenotype at the seedling stage. This albino phenotype was associated with altered chlorophyll (Chl) content and chloroplast development. Map-based cloning revealed that ASL1 encodes PRP S20 (PRPS20), which localizes to the chloroplast. ASL1 showed tissue-specific expression, as it was highly expressed in plumule and young seedlings but expressed at much lower levels in other tissues. In addition, ASL1 expression was regulated by light. The transcript levels of nuclear genes for Chl biosynthesis and chloroplast development were strongly affected in asl1 mutants; transcripts of some plastid genes for photosynthesis were undetectable. Our findings indicate that nuclear-encoded PRPS20 plays an important role in chloroplast development in rice.
Eigenstate preparation by phase decoherence

A computation in adiabatic quantum computing is implemented by traversing a path of nondegenerate eigenstates of a continuous family of Hamiltonians. We introduce a method that traverses a discretized form of the path: at each step we apply the instantaneous Hamiltonian for a random time. The resulting decoherence approximates a projective measurement onto the desired eigenstate, achieving a version of the quantum Zeno effect. The average cost of our method is O(L2/Δ) for constant error probability, where L is the length of the path of eigenstates and Δ is the minimum spectral gap of the Hamiltonian. For many cases of interest, L does not depend on Δ so the scaling of the cost with the gap is better than the one obtained in rigorous proofs of the adiabatic theorem. We give an example where this situation occurs.
Differences in potential reproductive rates of male and female seahorses related to courtship roles

Dwarf seahorses, Hippocampus zosterae (Syngnathidae), are distinguished by extreme morphological specialization for paternal care, the formation of monogamous pair bonds and mating repeatedly over the course of a breeding season. To determine the potential reproductive rates of male and female dwarf seahorses, we measured (1) the maximum number of offspring produced per breeding cycle when sexually receptive mates were unlimited, and (2) the relative time each sex was unavailable for mating ('time out'). We paired sexually isolated males and females with sexually receptive partners and observed them from the day of introduction through to copulation, to determine the length of time it takes each sex to prepare to mate. We conducted additional experiments to determine the length of gestation, which when added to the time needed to prepare to mate and copulate gives an estimate of total reproductive cycle duration, T. We estimated potential reproductive rate by dividing the mean number of offspring produced per breeding cycle by the duration of the breeding cycle (T). We estimated reproductive 'time out' by identifying the period of time males and females were physiologically capable of mating ('time in', S) and subtracting time S from time T. When provided with sexually receptive partners, females took 2 days longer than males to complete courtship and copulation, but neither males nor females remated during gestation. Therefore, males could potentially produce 17% more offspring than females over the course of one breeding season. Females had reproductive 'times out' 1.2 times longer than did males, as they were only capable of mating during the 4 h directly preceding copulation. Thus, H. zosterae males have higher potential reproductive rates and shorter reproductive 'times out' compared with H. zosterae females. These results and previous work indicating that seahorses display traditional courtship roles support the prediction that the sex having the higher potential reproductive rate, or equivalently, the shorter 'time out', will compete more intensely for access to the opposite sex. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
SMASHER: a strategy-proof combinatorial auction mechanism for heterogeneous channel redistribution

Auction is believed to be an effective way to solve or relieve the problem of radio spectrum shortage, by dynamically redistributing idle wireless channels of primary users to secondary users. However, to design a practical channel auction mechanism, we have to consider five challenges, including strategy-proofness, channel spatial reusability, channel heterogeneity, bid diversity, and social welfare maximization. Unfortunately, none of the existing works fully considered the five design challenges. In this paper, we present the first in-depth study on the problem of dynamic channel redistribution by jointly considering the five design challenges, and present SMASHER, which is a Strategy-proof coMbinatorial Auction mechaniSm for HEterogeneous channel Redistribution. Our analyses show that SMASHER achieves both strategy-proofness and approximately efficient social welfare.
A Robust Affine Invariant Feature Matching Approach

Affine transformation detection can be used in many computer vision and other applications. This paper presents a new method for affine transformation detection. The state-of-the-art methods are mainly divided into two classes. One class is based on complicated descriptors. But this kind of methods need a lot of time to establish and matching the complicated descriptors. The second class is based on probabilistic model. But these methods can not yield good matching result in some difficult conditions. Our method tries to combine the two kinds of methods together, so as to acquire the accuracy and efficiency at the same time.
Many-to-Many Multilingual Medical Speech Translation on a PDA

Particularly considering the requirement of high reliability, we argue that the most appropriate architecture for a medical speech translator that can be realised using today’s technology combines unidirectional (doctor to patient) translation, medium-vocabulary controlled language coverage, interlingua-based translation, an embedded help component, and deployability on a hand-held hardware platform. We present an overview of the Open Source MedSLT prototype, which has been developed in accordance with these design principles. The system is implemented on top of the Regulus and Nuance 8.5 platforms, translates patient examination questions for all language pairs in the set {English, French, Japanese, Arabic, Catalan}, using vocabularies of about 400 to 1 100 words, and can be run in a distributed client/server environment, where the client application is hosted on a Nokia Internet Tablet device.
Localization of Sites of Interaction between p23 and Hsp90 in Solution*

The co-chaperone p23 forms a complex with the chaperone Hsp90 that mediates the folding pathway leading to the production of functional steroid receptors. Solution NMR spectroscopy has been used to characterize sites of interaction between Hsp90 and p23. Titration of p23 with Hsp90 results in the selective broadening of certain cross-peaks in the 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectrum. The interaction sites on p23 and Hsp90 have been localized by dissection of Hsp90 into single-domain and two-domain constructs. The N-terminal (N) domain of Hsp90 does not affect the NMR spectrum of p23 either in the presence or absence of the ATP analogue ATPγS. Similarly, the HSQC spectrum of 15N-labeled N domain is unperturbed by the addition of p23. A subset of cross-peaks in the HSQC spectrum of p23 is shifted upon addition of the middle (M) domain of Hsp90, and the same shifts are observed upon the addition of the two-domain construct containing the N and M domains (NM). The addition of the co-chaperone Aha1, which is known to bind to the M domain of Hsp90, displaces p23 from Hsp90. The resonances that shift upon addition of the M and NM Hsp90 constructs correspond to those that were broadened at the lowest ratios of full-length Hsp90 to p23 and define an Hsp90 binding site that includes much of the C-terminal sequence of p23 together with a contiguous β-hairpin from the N terminus. We conclude that p23 forms a specific complex with Hsp90 primarily through binding to its middle domain.
Input Handling Done Right: Building Hardened Parsers Using Language-Theoretic Security

Input-handling vulnerabilities have been a constant source of security problems for decades. Many famous recent bugs are in fact input-handling bugs. We argue that the techniques for writing parsers in its present form are insufficient, and hence we propose a new pattern. In this tutorial, we will show participants a new design pattern for designing and implementing parsers using this new method. Participants will witness how this new method leads to more readable code that is easier to audit - while also inherently preventing many input-handling mistakes and having a small CPU footprint.
Analytic Review: Hyponatremia in Heart Failure

Hyponatremia is one of the newer and emerging risk factors for an adverse prognosis in chronic heart failure. Why decreased serum sodium is associated with worse prognosis remains unclear. It may reflect worsening heart failure and the deleterious effects of activation of neurohormones. The mechanism of hyponatremia in heart failure also remains unclear. A relatively greater degree of free-water retention compared to sodium retention is probably the major mechanism. The treatment of significant hyponatremia in heart failure is difficult. The conventional treatments such as fluid restriction, infusion of hypertonic saline, and aggressive diuretic therapies are not usually effective. Vasopressin receptor antagonists have been shown to enhance aquaresis and correct hyponatremia. However, long-term beneficial effects of such treatments in chronic heart failure have not been documented.
How people live with or get over being suicidal: a review of qualitative studies.

AIM To systematically review qualitative research which addresses how people live with suicidality or recover a desire to live. BACKGROUND Suicide is a pressing social and public health problem. Much emphasis in suicide research has been on the epidemiology of suicide and the identification of risk and protective factors. Relatively little emphasis has been given to the subjective experiences of suicidal people, but this is necessary to inform the care and help provided to individuals. DATA SOURCES Electronic searches of CINAHL Plus with full text, Medline and PsychArticles (included PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts and Sociological abstracts) were undertaken for the period from 1997 to April 2007. In addition, the following journals were hand searched (1997-2007): 'Mortality', 'Death Studies', 'Archives of Suicide Research' and 'Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention'. METHOD A systematic review of the literature and thematic content analysis of findings. The findings were extracted from selected papers and synthesized by way of content analysis in narrative and tabular form. FINDINGS Twelve studies were identified. Analysis revealed a number of interconnected themes: the experience of suffering, struggle, connection, turning points and coping. CONCLUSIONS Living with or overcoming suicidality involves various struggles, often existential in nature. Suicide may be seen as both a failure and a means of coping. People may turn away from suicide quite abruptly through experiencing, gaining or regaining the right kind of connection with others. Nurses working with suicidal individuals should aspire to be identified as people who can turn people's lives around.
The OAKLEY Key Determination Protocol

This document describes a protocol, named OAKLEY, by which two authenticated parties can agree on secure and secret keying material. The basic mechanism is the Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm. The OAKLEY protocol supports Perfect Forward Secrecy, compatibility with the ISAKMP protocol for managing security associations, user-defined abstract group structures for use with the Diffie-Hellman algorithm, key updates, and incorporation of keys distributed via out-of-band mechanisms.
Classification of muscle fatigue condition using multi-sensors

The aim of this work is to assess the muscle fatigue condition using multimodal system. Muscle fatigue is a common muscle condition which experiences in our daily activity. There were 20 subjects participated in this study. Electromyogram (EMG) (shows the electrical activity of the muscle), Mechanomyogram (MMG) (shows a mechanical activity of the muscle) and Acoustic myogram (AMG) (is audible produced when the muscle was contracted) were used in this study. EMG, MMG and AMG were recorded continuously from hamstring muscle, according to the data acquisition protocol. The recorded signals were segmented into fatigue and non-fatigue. Time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain features were extracted from the myograms. The extracted features were classified using k-nearest neighbor. The mean accuracy of EMG, MMG and AMG was 87.10%, 81.40% and 67.23% respectively. The mean accuracy of the multimodal system was 92.07%. In this paper, we also have discussed the effect of single myogram and multi modal myograms.
Response properties of long‐latency event‐related potentials evoked during NREM sleep

SUMMARY The experiments reported here sought to investigate whether the K‐complex evoked during sleep is comprised of activity from two separate physiological systems with different response properties. To that end, the parameters of stimulation in a two tone auditory ‘odd‐ball’ task were varied systematically as stimuli were presented to subjects during NREM sleep. During experiment 1, the frequency (pitch) of the odd‐ball stimulus varied systematically while intensity (loudness) was matched between tones. During experiment 2, pitch was matched between tones while the loudness of the odd‐ball stimulus was varied. The long‐latency event‐related potentials (ERPs) N2 and P3 could be dissociated from the K‐complex (N3 and P4) in response to these parametric manipulations. Information processing occurs during sleep, and is reflected in ERPs with a morphology largely analogous to those observed under similar conditions while subjects are awake. The second (K‐complex) system is sleep specific. A model was constructed to explain the activity of these two hypothesized systems. As predicted by the model, K‐complex latency was longer in Stage 2 when N2 and P3 were also active, than in Stage 4 where N2‐P3 activity was lessened. These results support the two‐system hypothesis; electrical brain activity evoked during sleep should not be considered a unitary sleep‐specific response. Furthermore, the data indicate that the K‐complex is sensitive to the physical characteristics of stimuli, that the sleeping brain processes information to a high degree, and that the ‘endogenous’ components of the ERP observed in awake humans reflect more automatic processes than previously suspected.
Method for reconfiguring a pdcp reordering timer in a wireless communication system and device therefor

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. In particular, the invention relates to a method for resetting the PDCP reordering timer in a wireless communication system and apparatus. Step of the method starts the reordering timer (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) PDCP; Receiving a RRC (Radio Resource Control) message indicating that the new value being used in the PDCP reordering timer; The step of restarting the PDCP reordering timer with a new value; And Restarting the PDCP reordering timer with a new value comprises a step of setting a reordering_PDCP_RX_COUNT the COUNT value associated with the Next_PDCP_RX_SN and RX_HFN.
ERROR-RESILIENT VIDEO COMPRESSION VIA MULTIPLE STATE STREAMS

Video compression enables a number of applications by reducing the required bit rate needed to represent a video sequence, however the compressed video is much more susceptible to errors, e.g. bit errors or packet loss. Conventional video compression standards employ an architecture which we refer to as single-state systems since they have a prediction loop with a single state (e.g. the previous decoded frame) which if lost or corrupted can lead to the loss or severe degradation of all subsequent frames until the state is reinitialized (the prediction is refreshed). We propose to combat this problem of incorrect state and error propagation at the decoder by coding the video into multiple independently decodable streams, each with its own prediction process and state, such that if one stream is lost the other streams can still be used to produce usable video. The correctly received streams provide improved error concealment and, more importantly, enable faster state recovery for the lost stream. This approach is conceptually similar to multiple description coding, e.g. [1], however it differs in the representation used for each description as well as its use of state recovery.
Modulation of Protein C Activation by Histones, Platelet Factor 4, and Heparinoids: New Insights Into Activated Protein C Formation

Objective— Histones are detrimental in late sepsis. Both activated protein C (aPC) and heparin can reverse their effect. Here, we investigated whether histones can modulate aPC generation in a manner similar to another positively charged molecule, platelet factor 4, and how heparinoids (unfractionated heparin or oxygen-desulfated unfractionated heparin with marked decrease anticoagulant activity) may modulate this effect. Approach and Results— We measured in vitro and in vivo effects of histones, platelet factor 4, and heparinoids on aPC formation, activated partial thromboplastin time, and murine survival. In vitro, histones and platelet factor 4 both affect thrombin/thrombomodulin aPC generation following a bell-shaped curve, with a peak of >5-fold enhancement. Heparinoids shift these curves rightward. Murine aPC generation studies after infusions of histones, platelet factor 4, and heparinoids supported the in vitro data. Importantly, although unfractionated heparin and 2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin both reversed the lethality of high-dose histone infusions, only mice treated with 2-O, 3-O desulfated heparin demonstrated corrected activated partial thromboplastin times and had significant levels of aPC. Conclusions— Our data provide a new contextual model of how histones affect aPC generation, and how heparinoid therapy may be beneficial in sepsis. These studies provide new insights into the complex interactions controlling aPC formation and suggest a novel therapeutic interventional strategy.
Case Study: Visualizing Visualization

In this case study we attempt to visualize a real-world dataset consisting of 600 recently published information visualization papers and their references. This is done by first creating a global layout of the entire graph that preserves any cluster structure present. We then use this layout as a basis to define a hierarchical clustering. The clusters in this hierarchy are labelled using keywords supplied with the dataset, allowing insight into the clusters semantics.
Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected comparisons of results from molecular data.

Until a few decades ago, phylogenetic relationships among placental orders were ambiguous and usually depicted to radiate as an unresolved "bush. " Resolution of this bush by various workers has been progressing slowly, but with promising results corroborated by nondental, dental, and molecular characters. In this study we continue to seek resolution. A total of 258 nondental and 2 dental characters was analyzed by PAUP and MacClade on 39 vertebrate taxa (3 reptiles, 1 nonmammalian therapsid, and 35 mammals; 20 of the mammals are extant and 15 are extinct) to study higher taxonomic relationships with emphasis on Placentalia (Eutheria). About two-thirds of the characters are osteological, the rest concern soft tissues, including myological but excluding molecular characters (most are our data, the rest are from the literature). Cladistic analysis included all 39 taxa (fossil taxa help to evaluate polarities of characters) and all characters were given equal weight. Extant Mammalia are divided into Prototheria and Theria, the latter into Marsupialia and Placentalia. Placentalia comprises Xenarthra and Epitheria. Within Epitheria, Lipotyphla and Preptotheria (emended) are sister-taxa. Preptotherian taxa group into: ungulate-related taxa and various nonungulates. The former include Carnivora, Pholidota, Tubulidentata, Artiodactyla, Cetacea, Perissodactyla, Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, and Sirenia. A possible association to embrace Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Macroscelidea, Scandentia, Primates, Chiroptera, and Dermoptera is suggested. Significant differences between our findings and those of recent investigators include the dissociation of Pholidota from Xenarthra and the plesiomorphous position of Lipotyphla within Epitheria. Congruence between morphological and molecular results is closer than previously reported.