Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Likelihood of reporting medication errors in hospitalized children: a survey of nurses and physicians

Background: Hospitalized children are at risk of medication errors (MEs) due to complex dosage calculations and preparations. Incident reporting systems may facilitate prevention of MEs but underreporting potentially undermines this system. We aimed to examine whether scenarios involving medications should be reported to a national mandatory incident reporting system and the likelihood of self- and peer-reporting these scenarios among paediatric nurses and physicians. Methods: Participants’ reporting of MEs was explored through a questionnaire involving 20 medication scenarios. The scenarios represented different steps in the medication process, types of error, patient outcomes and medications. Reporting rates and odds ratios with 95% confidence interval [OR, (95% CI)] were calculated. Barriers to and enablers of reporting were identified through content analysis of participants’ comments. Results The response rate was 42% (291/689). Overall, 61% of participants reported that scenarios should be reported. The likelihood of reporting was 60% for self-reporting and 37% for peer-reporting. Nurses versus physicians, and healthcare professionals with versus without patient safety responsibilities assessed to a larger extent that the scenarios should be reported [OR = 1.34 (1.05–1.70) and OR = 1.41 (1.12–1.78), respectively]; were more likely to self-report, [OR = 2.81 (1.71–4.62) and OR = 2.93 (1.47–5.84), respectively]; and were more likely to peer-report [OR = 1.89 (1.36–2.63) and OR = 3.61 (2.57–5.06), respectively]. Healthcare professionals with versus without management responsibilities were more likely to peer-report [OR = 5.16 (3.44–7.72)]. Participants reported that scenarios resulting in actual injury or incidents considered to have a learning potential should be reported. Conclusion: The likelihood of underreporting scenarios was high among paediatric nurses and physicians. Nurses and staff with patient safety responsibilities were more likely to assess that scenarios should be reported and to report. Incidents with actual injury or learning potential were more likely to be reported. The potential for improving reporting rates involving MEs seems high.
Effect of race on cultural justifications for caregiving.

OBJECTIVE Our objective in this study was to explore the effects of caregiver characteristics on cultural reasons given for providing care to dependent elderly family members. METHODS The sample included 48 African American and 121 White caregivers. Using multivariate analyses, we used caregiver characteristics (e.g., race, gender, education) to predict scores on the Cultural Justifications for Caregiving Scale (CJCS). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the CJCS was appropriate for both African American and White caregivers. African Americans had stronger cultural reasons for providing care than Whites, education levels were inversely related to CJCS scores, and the influences of gender and age on cultural reasons were moderated by race. Compared to females, African American males had lower CJCS scores, whereas White males had higher CJCS scores. Younger as compared to older White caregivers had higher CJCS scores. DISCUSSION This study supports the long-standing cultural tradition of African American families providing care to dependent elders. Cultural reasons for caregiving need to be interpreted within the context of race and gender socialization. Social roles, such as husband or wife, son or daughter, can also help determine how individuals within a particular cultural group experience cultural expectations and obligations. Information from this study can inform culturally appropriate caregiving interventions.
Asynchronous interface FIFO design on FPGA for high-throughput NRZ synchronisation

Networks-on-chip (NoCs) have become a new chip design paradigm as the size of transistors continues to shrink. Globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous (GALS) on-chip networks are proposed for solving issues such as large clock tree distribution and signal delay variations. More interestingly, for the GALS networks using m-of-n delay-insensitive interconnect, the asynchronous interconnect not only can be used for on-chip interconnection, but also provides a simple, direct and power-saving solution for off-chip interconnection. This paper presents an asynchronous interface FIFO design to improve throughput over asynchronous inter-chip links using 2-of-7 Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) encoding in an existing many-core system. The proposed design is suitable for implementation on commodity FPGAs without using the limited global clock buffer resources, but involves using the FPGA to implement asynchronous circuits. The interface FIFO is constructed from the transition detectors themselves rather than by employing a separate buffer in the more conventional fashion. The proposed solution has been demonstrated in an existing system and is suitable for adaptation to other asynchronous m-of-n NRZ coding protocols for high-throughput communication.
Associations of Social Support, Friends Only Known Through the Internet, and Health-Related Quality of Life with Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescence

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been included in the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5). In the present study, the relationship among social support, friends only known through the Internet, health-related quality of life, and IGD in adolescence was explored for the first time. For this purpose, 1,095 adolescents aged from 12 to 14 years were surveyed with a standardized questionnaire concerning IGD, self-perceived social support, proportion of friends only known through the Internet, and health-related quality of life. The authors conducted unpaired t-tests, a chi-square test, as well as correlation and logistic regression analyses. According to the statistical analyses, adolescents with IGD reported lower self-perceived social support, more friends only known through the Internet, and a lower health-related quality of life compared with the group without IGD. Both in bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models, statistically significant associations between IGD and male gender, a higher proportion of friends only known through the Internet, and a lower health-related quality of life (multivariate model: Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.37) were revealed. Lower self-perceived social support was related to IGD in the bivariate model only. In summary, quality of life and social aspects seem to be important factors for IGD in adolescence and therefore should be incorporated in further (longitudinal) studies. The findings of the present survey may provide starting points for the development of prevention and intervention programs for adolescents affected by IGD.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from rhodamine 6G on gold-coated self-organized silicon nanopyramidal array

This work reports the gold-coated self-organized silicon nanopyramidal array prepared by a wet etching and magnetron sputtering process at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy was used to detect the morphology of gold films. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules adsorbed on a nanoscale gold film were recorded. Experimental results show the relationships between gold film thickness and SERS intensity. A full three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations were carried out, which compare the experimental results and show agreement with ratios of the SERS enhancement for the different thicknesses of gold films. Furthermore, numerical simulations of the array were conducted for both a real gold metal coating and a perfect electrical conductor to determine whether the SERS enhancement was due to diffraction or plasmonic effects. The sample with the fast fabrication process used in this work could provide a new way to obtain a uniform enhancement and low cost SERS substrate.
National Burn Repository 2007 Report: A Synopsis of the 2007 Call for Data

The complete National Burn Repository (NBR) 2007 report was distributed entirely electronically for the first time at the 2008 annual meeting of the American Burn Association (ABA) and represents countless hours spent by ABA staff and members of the NBR committee. The 2007 call for data resulted in the registry now containing data on over 300,000 burn patients treated by contributing hospitals. As in the past, this year’s report reflects a rolling 10-year average; 1998–2007; representing over 181,000 acute burn admissions. Although there are holes in the data and some fields are spottily populated, the NBR still represents the largest single collection of data on the care and management of burned patients available today. The goal of the committee is to improve and strengthen the validity of the data in every way possible. The ABA TRACS Users’ committee finalized the new data dictionary to accompany version five (v5) of the N-TRACS Burn Module. This will go a long way in refining the data in the NBR and lead to a fuller and more robust data set. The members of the NBR committee and ABA staff contributed time to meet regularly during the past year to support the activities of the committee including the ‘Glimmers,’ quality assurance of the NBR, and the annual report. Bart Phillips and Susan Browning of the American Burn Association have done yeoman’s service to the ABA by keeping the committee focused to produce this report in a timely fashion. The report presented herein should not be viewed as an in-depth statistical analysis of the data in the NBR but a presentation of summary data as submitted by the contributing hospitals. It is divided into five main for purposes here • Section 1—Analysis of Contributing Hospitals • Section 2—Analysis of All Records • Section 3—Analysis by Age Groups • Section 4—Analysis by Etiology • Section 5—Hospital Comparisons
Repeated Use of Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy to Control Pain During Wound Dressing Changes in Pediatric and Adult Burn Patients

The current study explored whether immersive virtual reality (VR) continues to reduce pain (via distraction) during more than one wound care session per patient. Thirty-six patients aged 8 to 57 years (mean age, 27.7 years), with an average of 8.4% TBSA burned (range, 0.25–25.5 TBSA) received bandage changes, and wound cleaning. Each patient received one baseline wound cleaning/debridement session with no-VR (control condition) followed by one or more (up to seven) subsequent wound care sessions during VR. After each wound care session (one session per day), worst pain intensity was measured using a visual analog thermometer, the dependent variable. Using a within-subjects design, worst pain intensity during wound care with no-VR (baseline, day 0) was compared with pain during wound care while using immersive VR (up to 7 days of wound care during VR). Compared with pain during no-VR baseline (day 0), pain ratings during wound debridement were statistically lower when patients were in VR on days 1, 2, and 3, and although not significant beyond day 3, the pattern of results from days 4, 5, and 6 are consistent with the notion that VR continues to reduce pain when used repeatedly. Results from the present study suggest that VR continues to be effective when used for three (or possibly more) treatments during severe burn wound debridement.
Strength Training to Contraction Failure Increases Voluntary Activation of the Quadriceps Muscle Shortly After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Mikkelsen EK, Jakobsen TL, Holsgaard-Larsen A, Andersen LL, Bandholm T: Strength training to contraction failure increases voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle shortly after total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2016;95:194Y203. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle during one set of knee extensions performed until contraction failure in patients shortly after total knee arthroplasty. Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 24 patients with total knee arthroplasty. One set of knee extensionswas performed until contraction failure, using a predetermined 10 repetition maximum loading. In the operated leg, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lateral and medial vastus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris muscles was recorded during the set. Muscle activity (%EMGmax) and median power frequency of the EMG power spectrum were calculated for each repetition decile (10%Y100% contraction failure). Results: Muscle activity increased significantly over contractions from a mean of 90.0 and 93.6 %EMGmax (lateral vastus and medial vastus, respectively) at 10% contraction failure to 99.3 and 105.5 %EMGmax at 100% contraction failure (P = 0.009 and 0.004). Median power frequency decreased significantly over contractions from a mean of 66.8 and 64.2 Hz (lateral vastus and medial vastus, respectively) at 10% contraction failure to 59.9 and 60.1 Hz at 100% contraction failure (P = 0.0006 and 0.0187). Conclusion: In patients shortly after total knee arthroplasty, 10 repetition maximumYloaded knee extensions performed in one set until contraction failure increases voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle during the set. Clinical Trials: Gov-identifier: NCT01713140 to the abstract to increase trial
CALCIUM SPARKLETS IN ARTERIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE

1 Voltage‐dependent, L‐type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) play an essential role in arterial smooth muscle contraction and, consequently, the regulation of arterial diameter, tissue perfusion and blood pressure. However, the spatial organization of functional LTCC in arterial myocytes is incompletely understood. 2 Total internal reflection fluorescence and swept‐field confocal microscopy revealed that the opening of a single or a cluster of LTCC produces local elevations in [Ca2+]i called Ca2+ sparklets. In arterial myocytes, Ca2+ sparklets are produced by the opening of Cav1.2 channels. 3 The Ca2+ sparklet activity is bimodal. In low activity mode, rare stochastic openings of solitary LTCC produce limited Ca2+ influx (‘low activity Ca2+ sparklets’). In contrast, discrete clusters of LTCC associated with protein kinase Ca (PKCa) operate in a sustained, high‐activity mode resulting in substantial Ca2+ influx (‘persistent Ca2+ sparklets’). 4 The Ca2+ sparklet activity varies regionally within a myocyte depending on the relative activities of nearby PKCa and opposing protein phosphates 2A and 2B. 5 Low‐ and high‐activity persistent Ca2+ sparklets modulate local and global [Ca2+]i in arterial smooth muscle, suggesting that this Ca2+ signal may play an important role in the regulation of vascular function.
An effective SVM-based active feedback framework for image retrieval

Due to the time and hardware restriction, the amount of feedback information is limited in each image retrieval loop. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an effective relevance feedback (RF) method based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) framework, which increases the amount of feedback information by cluster analysis and utilizing unlabeled images to build SVM classifier. As a result, a pseudo-label strategy, consist of a feature subspace partition algorithm and a cluster analysis scheme, is proposed for unlabeled images selection. Experimental results demonstrate the relative high effectiveness of our proposed active framework.
Comparative Analysis of Kerf Width Produced on GFRP composite material Using Abrasive Water Suspension Jet Machining by Taguchi Approach

Abrasive Water Suspension Jet (AWSJ) is one of the emerging non-traditional machining tools used in machining of brittle, heat sensitive materials and composites. Usually machining is carried out by the AWS jet in the air. Presence of air around the jet may lead to jet expansion which results in increased kerf width. In the present research work an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of various process parameters on kerf width using AWSJ submerged in water while machining of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composite material. The experimental results indicate that the top kerf width decreases by 3% during under water machining as compared to that of free air machining.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Low-Profile Microstrip Antenna for MIMO Applications

This paper includes a design of a four-port stacked patch antenna with band enhancement for multi-in multi-out application. The proposed stacked patch antenna consists of two collocated microstrip patches printed on the upper and lower substrates. Through the analysis of characteristic modes, we find that eight desired modes forced to resonant at the operating band. By exciting the resonant modes on the lower patch, four different radiation patterns are achieved. For each radiation pattern, there are three resonance frequencies at interested frequency band—two parallel resonances and one series resonance—which have been combined to form a wider operating band. The proposed antenna is operating at 2.6 GHz frequency band with at least 7.3% in simulated and 6.5% in measurement impedance bandwidth for each port with low profile. A high port isolation (>24.5 dB) and low correlation (<1e−3) have been achieved. Numerical and experimental results illustrate the validity of the design.
The need to approximate the use-case in clinical machine learning

Abstract The availability of smartphone and wearable sensor technology is leading to a rapid accumulation of human subject data, and machine learning is emerging as a technique to map those data into clinical predictions. As machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to support clinical decision making, it is vital to reliably quantify their prediction accuracy. Cross-validation (CV) is the standard approach where the accuracy of such algorithms is evaluated on part of the data the algorithm has not seen during training. However, for this procedure to be meaningful, the relationship between the training and the validation set should mimic the relationship between the training set and the dataset expected for the clinical use. Here we compared two popular CV methods: record-wise and subject-wise. While the subject-wise method mirrors the clinically relevant use-case scenario of diagnosis in newly recruited subjects, the record-wise strategy has no such interpretation. Using both a publicly available dataset and a simulation, we found that record-wise CV often massively overestimates the prediction accuracy of the algorithms. We also conducted a systematic review of the relevant literature, and found that this overly optimistic method was used by almost half of the retrieved studies that used accelerometers, wearable sensors, or smartphones to predict clinical outcomes. As we move towards an era of machine learning-based diagnosis and treatment, using proper methods to evaluate their accuracy is crucial, as inaccurate results can mislead both clinicians and data scientists.
Assessment of Nanoparticle Exposure in Nanosilica Handling Process: Including Characteristics of Nanoparticles Leaking from a Vacuum Cleaner

Nanosilica is one of the most widely used nanomaterials across the world. However, their assessment data on the occupational exposure to nanoparticles is insufficient. The present study performed an exposure monitoring in workplace environments where synthetic powders are prepared using fumed nanosilica. Furthermore, after it was observed during exposure monitoring that nanoparticles were emitted through leakage in a vacuum cleaner (even with a HEPA-filter installed in it), the properties of the leaked nanoparticles were also investigated. Workers were exposed to high-concentration nanosilica emitted into the air while pouring it into a container or transferring the container. The use of a vacuum cleaner with a leak (caused by an inadequate sealing) was found to be the origin of nanosilica dispersion in the indoor air. While the particle size of the nanosilica that emitted into the air (during the handling of nanosilica by a worker) was mostly over 100 nm or several microns (µm) due to the coagulation of particles, the size of nanosilica that leaked out of vacuum cleaner was almost similar to the primary size (mode diameter 11.5 nm). Analysis of area samples resulted in 20% (60% in terms of peak concentration) less than the analysis of the personals sample.
An efficient ANFIS crowbar protection for DFIG wind turbines during faults

This paper presents the design of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) crowbar protection strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbines during grid faults. The proposed ANFIS crowbar protection technique depending on the measurements of voltages and currents at the terminals of the DFIG wind turbine to protect the generator components during faults especially the DC-link capacitor and power electronic converters. The proposed ANFIS crowbar is investigated in two approaches. Firstly, it is used to activate a crowbar resistor connected with the rotor winding during fault occurrence as an ANFIS inner crowbar protection technique. Secondly, it is used to activate a crowbar resistor connected at the terminal of DFIG during fault occurrence as an ANFIS outer crowbar protection technique. Finally, a comparison between the behaviors of the DFIG wind turbine generators during grid faults without crowbar protection and with the two proposed ANFIS crowbar protection techniques is investigated.
PHASON SINKS OF RADIATION DEFECTS IN QUASICRYSTALS

Phason sinks of radiation defects in quasicrystals are considered as partial point defects. The kinetics of point defect absorption by single phasons is studied. A model of the dislocation loop with the phason fault under irradiation is developed. The capture efficiency of the dislocation loop for point defects is derived. The dependence of the dislocation loop bias on the loop radius is obtained. It is shown that the phason defects decrease the total bias in a quasicrystal as compared to an ordinary crystal.
Role of maternal occupational physical activity and psychosocial stressors on adverse birth outcomes

Objectives We examined the association of an array of estimated maternal occupational physical activities and psychosocial stressors during pregnancy with odds for preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational age (SGA). Methods Data for infants born without major birth defects delivered from 1997 to 2009 whose mothers reported working at least 1 month during pregnancy were obtained from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. We linked occupational codes to the US Department of Labor's Occupational Information Network, which provides estimates of exposure for multiple domains of physical activity and psychosocial stressors by occupational categories. We conducted factor analysis using principal components extraction with 17 occupational activities and calculated factor scores. ORs for PTB and SGA across quartiles of factor scores in each trimester were computed using logistic regression. Results Factor analysis grouped occupational domains into 4 groups based on factor loadings. These groups were ‘occupational physical activity’, ‘interpersonal stressor’, ‘automated work’ and ‘job responsibility’. High levels of ‘occupational physical activity’ were significantly associated with SGA (adjusted OR (AOR) for highest quartile compared with lowest quartile of factor score: 1.36; 95% CIs 1.02 to 1.82; p for trend=0.001) and were also positively associated with PTB (AOR: 1.24; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.64; p for trend=0.01). No clear results were observed across domains of psychosocial stressors. Conclusions Our findings expand understanding of associations between occupational physical activity and psychosocial stressors and PTB and SGA and suggest that additional research is needed to further examine these relationships.