Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gα12 Structural Determinants of Hsp90 Interaction Are Necessary for Serum Response Element–Mediated Transcriptional Activation

The G12/13 class of heterotrimeric G proteins, comprising the α-subunits Gα12 and Gα13, regulates multiple aspects of cellular behavior, including proliferation and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Although guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the monomeric G protein Rho (RhoGEFs) are well characterized as effectors of this G protein class, a variety of other downstream targets has been reported. To identify Gα12 determinants that mediate specific protein interactions, we used a structural and evolutionary comparison between the G12/13, Gs, Gi, and Gq classes to identify “class-distinctive” residues in Gα12 and Gα13. Mutation of these residues in Gα12 to their deduced ancestral forms revealed a subset necessary for activation of serum response element (SRE)–mediated transcription, a G12/13-stimulated pathway implicated in cell proliferative signaling. Unexpectedly, this subset of Gα12 mutants showed impaired binding to heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) while retaining binding to RhoGEFs. Corresponding mutants of Gα13 exhibited robust SRE activation, suggesting a Gα12-specific mechanism, and inhibition of Hsp90 by geldanamycin or small interfering RNA–mediated lowering of Hsp90 levels resulted in greater downregulation of Gα12 than Gα13 signaling in SRE activation experiments. Furthermore, the Drosophila G12/13 homolog Concertina was unable to signal to SRE in mammalian cells, and Gα12:Concertina chimeras revealed Gα12-specific determinants of SRE activation within the switch regions and a C-terminal region. These findings identify Gα12 determinants of SRE activation, implicate Gα12:Hsp90 interaction in this signaling mechanism, and illuminate structural features that arose during evolution of Gα12 and Gα13 to allow bifurcated mechanisms of signaling to a common cell proliferative pathway.
A scientific evaluation of the carotid sinus syndrome.

Assessment of the carotid sinus baroreceptor control of pulse interval has been made, by means of neck suction, in 10 patients with a clinical diagnosis of the carotid sinus syndrome (CSS). Results have been compared with 16 age-matched control patients. The mean gain in the CSS patients was 11.64 +/- 2.51 ms . mmHg-1, whereas the mean gain in the control patients was 3.61 +/- 0.68 ms . mmHg-1 (p less than 0.02). There was a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) between the degree of cardiac slowing, following carotid sinus massage, and the gain, following neck suction, in the CSS patients. Abnormality of the carotid sinus baroreceptor control of heart rate is confirmed in these patients and neck suction is an useful method of investigation of this syndrome.
Validation of the ABILHAND questionnaire to measure manual ability in children and adults with neuromuscular disorders

Background Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) can lead to specific manual disabilities due to hand muscle weakness and atrophy, myotonia or loss of sensory function. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the ABILHAND questionnaire in children and adults with NMDs using the Rasch model. Methods This questionnaire contained specific manual activities for children and for adults, as well as common manual activities. 124 adult patients and the parents of 124 paediatric patients were asked to provide their perceived difficulty in performing each manual activity on a three level scale: impossible (0), difficult (1) or easy (2). Items were selected from well established psychometric criteria (ordered categories, equal item discrimination, adequate fit to the Rasch model, lack of redundancy) using the Rasch Unidimensional Measurement Models (RUMM2020) computer programme. Results The 22 selected items contain four children specific items, four adult specific items and 14 items commonly applicable to both children and adults. They define a unidimensional and linear measure of manual ability and demonstrate continuous progression in their difficulty. The item hierarchy of difficulty was invariant across six patient related factors. The scale exhibited good precision (r=0.95) and the 22 items were well targeted to the patients' locations. The ABILHAND measures were strongly related to the ACTIVLIM measures (r=0.76) and poorly related to grip strength (r=0.36 for the right hand and r=0.40 for the left hand). Conclusion This scale can be used for adults and children, allowing manual ability to be assessed from childhood to adulthood.
A Fully Inkjet-Printed 3-D Honeycomb-Inspired Patch Antenna

The ability to inkjet print three-dimensional objects with integrated conductive metal provides many opportunities for fabrication of radio frequency electronics and electronics in general. Both a plastic material and silver conductor are deposited by inkjet printing in this work. This is the first demonstration of a fully 3-D multijet printing process with integrated polymer and metal. A 2.4-GHz patch antenna is successfully fabricated with good performance proving the viability of the process. The inkjet-printed plastic surface is very smooth, with less than 100 nm root mean square roughness. The printed silver nanoparticles are laser sintered to achieve adequate conductivity of 1e6 S/m while keeping the process below 80°C and avoiding damage to the polymer. The antenna is designed with a honeycomb substrate that minimizes material consumption. This reduces the weight, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, which are all around beneficial. The antenna is entirely inkjet-printed including the ground plane conductor and achieves an impressive 81% efficiency. The honeycomb substrate weighs 20 times less than a solid substrate. For comparison, the honeycomb antenna provides an efficiency nearly 15% greater than a similarly fabricated antenna with a solid substrate.
Incentives and Efficiency in the Market for Management Services: A Study of Canadian Mutual Funds

This paper examines the incentives offered managers of Canadian equity mutual funds when their compensation is based upon the market value of the assets they manage. Although this method of compensation supplies a very weak direct link between performance and the remuneration of managers, the authors show that competition among funds supplies a stronger indirect link. Empirical evidence is provided in the paper indicating that, owing to investor expectations of positive serial correlation in the performance of mutual funds, the indirect compensation offered by asset-based schemes provides a strong incentive to managers to maximize risk-adjusted fund returns.
Fuzzy C-mean algorithm based on “complete” Mahalanobis distances

The well known fuzzy partition clustering algorithms are most based on Euclidean distance function, which can only be used to detect spherical structural clusters. Gustafson-Kessel (GK) clustering algorithm and Gath-Geva (GG) clustering algorithm, were developed to detect non-spherical structural clusters, but both of them based on semi-supervised Mahalanobis distance, these two algorithms fail to consider the relationships between cluster centers in the objective function, needing additional prior information. When some training cluster size is small than its dimensionality, it induces the singular problem of the inverse covariance matrix. It is an important issue. In our previous study, we developed a new unsupervised algorithm, FCM-M, to solve the singular problem of the inverse covariance matrix. But, the previous work only consider the local covariance matrix of each cluster. In this paper, an improved new unsupervised algorithm, ldquofuzzy c-mean based on complete Mahalanobis distance without any prior information (FCM-CM)rdquo, is proposed. The proposed new algorithm which is considered not only the local covariance matrix of each cluster but also the overall covariance matrix, which can get more information and higher accuracy by considering the overall covariance matrix. A real data set was applied to prove that the performance of the FCM-CM algorithm is better than those of the traditional FCM algorithm and our previous FCM-M. For choosing the better initial value of the same new algorithm, FCM-CM, the ratio method is still the best of all choosing methods by using in FCM-M and FCM algorithms in our previous works.
Solvation energetics and conformational change in EF‐hand proteins

Calmodulin and other members of the EF‐hand protein family are known to undergo major changes in conformation upon binding Ca2+. However, some EF‐hand proteins, such as calbindin D9k, bind Ca2+ without a significant change in conformation. Here, we show the importance of a precise balance of solvation energetics to conformational change, using mutational analysis of partially buried polar groups in the N‐terminal domain of calmodulin (N‐cam). Several variants were characterized using fluorescence, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy. Strikingly, the replacement of polar side chains glutamine and lysine at positions 41 and 75 with nonpolar side chains leads to dramatic enhancement of the stability of the Ca2+‐free state, a corresponding decrease in Ca2+‐binding affinity, and an apparent loss of ability to change conformation to the open form. The results suggest a paradigm for conformational change in which energetic strain is accumulated in one state in order to modulate the energetics of change to the alternative state.
The Empirical Study on the Relations Among Network Structure, Strategic Flexibility and Technology Innovation Performance

Nowadays, enterprise has to learn to make Technology Innovation by making full use of resources from other organizations or agencies because of the increasing of scientific and technological level and economic globalization. Through studying on the related articles about Network Structure, Strategic Flexibility and Technology Innovation Performance, this paper proposes a conceptual model which can explain the relationship between Network Structure, Strategic Flexibility and Technology Innovation Performance. By using SPSS 16.0 to analyse the sample data which is acquired from distributing questionnaires, expert visiting and others, this paper examines the affecting degree empirically of Network Structure, Strategic Flexibility on Technology Innovation Performance. Thus, enterprise should perfect enterprise’s network structure, enhance enterprise Strategic Flexibility and then improve the Technology Innovation Performance. Key words: Technology innovation performance; Network structure; Strategic flexibility; Empirical study
Forecasting the US Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate

I analyze the economic value of combining three types of information to forecast the US dollar/euro exchange rate: macroeconomic fundamentals as used in structural exchange rate models, information from historical daily prices as used in technical trading rules, and intraday transactional data as used in order flow models. The out-of-sample period starts in January 2005 and ends March 2010. I find that fundamental Taylor rules yield a significant 5.38% annual return out-of-sample. Technical channel rules result in an annual out-of-sample return of 3.52%, but the return is insignificant at the 5% level. Order flow results, based on intraday CME futures data and the popular tick test to sign trades, disappoint with an annual return of minus 2.82% with a t-value of -0.62. As a consequence, combining Taylor rules with channel rules, order flow, or both does not improve the economic performance.
The Impact of the CIMMYT Wheat Breeding Program on Mexican Wheat Producers and Consumers: An Economic Welfare Analysis

The increase in wheat production in Mexico’s Yaqui Valley from the breeding and development of semidwarf wheat varieties released by CIMMYT is quantified for the period 1990-2002, and the costs and benefits of the wheat research program are estimated and evaluated using a two-region model of the world wheat market.
Multicultural School Gardens: Creating Engaging Garden Spaces in Learning about Language, Culture, and Environment.

Children’s gardening programs have enjoyed increasing popularity in recent years. An Australian environmental education non-profit organization implemented a program, entitled Multicultural Schools Gardens, in disadvantaged (low-income) schools that used food gardening as a focus for implementing a culturally-focused environmental education program. While the program included the well documented educational, social, and health benefits of growing food, gardening and cooking were also utilized as leverage in learning about culture, language (English as a Second Language), and environment. Alongside the program’s implementation, a combined methods research approach was applied to gauge children’s learning experiences as program participants. Part of this process involved children researching their own practice, accompanied by researcher interviews and observations with students and teachers. This paper presents an inquiry into practice involving one site, revealing how a culturally diverse school with a high proportion of migrant and refugee families created an engaging garden space. This space led to a strong sense of belonging among students who were formerly dislodged from their birthplaces, together with providing opportunities for learning English language and forming connections to the local environment. The paper provides food for thought with respect to the potential for children’s gardening to transcend language and cultural differences.
Distinct roles of Polycomb group gene products in transcriptionally repressed and active domains of Hoxb8

To address the molecular mechanisms underlying Polycomb group (PcG)-mediated repression of Hox gene expression, we have focused on the binding patterns of PcG gene products to the flanking regions of the Hoxb8 gene in expressing and non-expressing tissues. In parallel, we followed the distribution of histone marks of transcriptionally active H3 acetylated on lysine 9 (H3-K9) and methylated on lysine 4 (H3-K4), and of transcriptionally inactive chromatin trimethylated on lysine 27 (H3-K27). Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that the association of PcG proteins, and H3-K9 acetylation and H3-K27 trimethylation around Hoxb8 were distinct in tissues expressing and not expressing the gene. We show that developmental changes of these epigenetic marks temporally coincide with the misexpression of Hox genes in PcG mutants. Functional analyses, using mutant alleles impairing the PcG class 2 component Rnf2 or the Suz12 mutation decreasing H3-K27 trimethylation, revealed that interactions between class 1 and class 2 PcG complexes, mediated by trimethylated H3-K27, play decisive roles in the maintenance of Hox gene repression outside their expression domain. Within the expression domains, class 2 PcG complexes appeared to maintain the transcriptionally active status via profound regulation of H3-K9 acetylation. The present study indicates distinct roles for class 2 PcG complexes in transcriptionally repressed and active domains of Hoxb8 gene.
Can children use a verb without exposure to its argument structure?

ABSTRACT We hypothesize that canonical sentence schemas (e.g. Agent—verb-Patient) can sometimes assign argument structure to verbs. In particular, they provide a default argument structure early in learning when a verb's lexical entry may record the nature of the action but lack a specific argument structure. To test the theory and its application to causative verb errors (e.g. stay it there), novel action verbs were modelled, some as causative, some as intransitive, and some unmarked for transitivity. Spontaneous usage was recorded, along with responses to agent-questions (‘What is the [Agent] doing? ’) and patient-questions (‘What is the [Patient] doing? ’). Comparable data were obtained for familiar English verbs, some of fixed and some of optional transitivity. Subjects were willing to use all novel verbs both transitively and intransitively, although adults respected assigned transitivity more than children. All subjects largely respected the transitivity of familiar verbs. The discourse pressure of the agent- and patient-questions greatly affected observed transitivity. No evidence was found for the intransitive-to-causative derivational process postulated by Bowerman. We propose that the kind of causativity error observed by Bowerman is due to assignment of argument structure from canonical sentence schemas, especially under pressure of a need to make a sentence with a particular argument (Agent or Patient) as subject. The theory has the advantage of explaining errors without postulating the acquisition of erroneous lexical entries that have to be unlearned, and it can be extended to other kinds of errors in the choice and placement of arguments.
Determinants of Visual Attention in Real-World Scenes

The present study examined the saliency of size, movement, and human content variables in visual selective attention. Ss named stimuli present in motion pictures of real world scenes or in animated cartoon controls during a 15-sec. exposure period. Regardless of the type of presentation that they saw, Ss tended to name large and/or moving stimuli more often than small and/or nonmoving stimuli. Also, small human stimuli were named more frequently than small nonhuman stimuli, while there were no differences between the frequencies with which large human and nonhuman stimuli were named. The order in which Ss named stimuli was not related to either the size, movement, or human content variables. Results are discussed in terms of the generalizability of the results of previous studies to conditions simulating the real world.
Self-Directed Interventions to Promote Weight Loss: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Background A wide range of self-directed weight-loss interventions are available, providing users with a variety of tools delivered through various formats to regulate weight-related behavior patterns. However, it is unclear how effective self-directed interventions are and how they promote weight loss and weight maintenance. Objective A systematic review of reviews was conducted to examine the effectiveness of such interventions and to identify intervention content associated with effectiveness. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews were searched from 2000-2012 for reviews of the effectiveness of self-directed interventions on weight loss and weight maintenance in adults. Two reviewers used predefined inclusion criteria to select relevant reviews and assess their quality using the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ). We extracted data on effectiveness and on relationships between intervention characteristics and effectiveness. Results Twenty reviews were included and quality assessed. Findings relevant to self-directed interventions, including interactive websites, smartphone applications, and text messaging (short message service, SMS) were summarized. Findings were mixed but promising. For example, one review of Internet-based interventions found that, when used in conjunction with standard weight loss programs, these interventions resulted in a significant average increase in weight loss of 1.5 kg over evaluation periods. Unfortunately, only 7 of 20 reviews were of high methodological quality according to OQAQ scores, and only 4 employed meta-analyses. Few reviews linked intervention content to effectiveness. Conclusions Current evidence suggests that self-directed interventions can independently promote weight loss and can augment interventions involving personal contact. Particular change techniques and delivery modes including individualized feedback, email counseling, and online social support appear to enhance effectiveness. Further reviews of the content of self-directed weight-loss intervention studies are needed to clarify which change techniques delivered through which delivery formats optimize intervention effectiveness.
Targeting Aurora kinases in ovarian cancer

Although recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer initially responds well to current first-line adjuvant therapy, eventually the disease becomes resistant to chemotherapy. Novel strategies are needed to reverse chemoresistance in order to treat relapsed ovarian cancer effectively. One strategy is to target aberrant expression activation of Aurora kinases that are essential for the regulation of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during mitosis and which play a role in tumourigenesis and progression in a wide range of human tumours, including ovarian cancer. The purpose of this article is to review Aurora kinases and their inhibitors in human epithelial ovarian cancer as an impetus to the development of effective and less toxic regimens for ovarian cancer. In addition, this review tries to define the differences between cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and molecular therapeutic agents: both groups of agents have either a single specific target or multiple specific targets, while their differences lie in their toxicity profiles and the way to determine their dosages for further studies. The authors propose that Aurora kinase inhibitors be developed as molecular therapeutic agents in order to minimise their toxicities and maximise their antitumour activities for ovarian cancer treatment.
A Novel Group-Based Handover Authentication Scheme with Privacy Preservation for Mobile WiMAX Networks

This letter proposes an efficient group-based handover authentication scheme for mobile WiMAX networks. When the first Mobile Station (MS) of the handover group moves from the service Base Station (BS) to a target BS, the service BS transmits all the handover group members security context to the target BS. Thus the rest of the MSs in the same handover group can bypass the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) and the security context transfer phases to directly perform the handover authentication, which obviously reduces handover latency. Moreover, the proposed scheme not only meets the essential security requirements in handover authentication semantics (such as mutual authentication and resisting the domino effect) but also achieves privacy preservation.
Opiate receptors within the blood-brain barrier mediate kappa agonist-induced water diuresis.

Data suggest that kappa opioid agonist-induced water diuresis involves inhibition of vasopressin (AVP) secretion; however, it is not clear whether this action involves kappa receptors in the neurohypophysis or receptors behind the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We have investigated the site of action using three selective kappa agonists, BRL 52656 (S(-)-2-(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) acetyl piperidine hydrochloride), BRL 53114 ((-)-1-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) acetyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinymethyl)3,3- dimethyl piperidine hydrochloride) and BRL 52974 (4-(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl-4,5,6,7-t etrahydroimidazo [4,5-c] pyridine), with varying abilities to cross the BBB. Chemical and functional assays indicate that BRL 52974 has limited ability to cross the BBB, whereas BRL 53114 and BRL 52656 can freely penetrate. BRL 52974 was significantly less potent than BRL 52656 and BRL 53114 in causing a water diuresis in conscious rats. The ED10S (i.v. doses to cause a positive free water clearance of 10 microliters/min.100 g) for BRL 52974, BRL 52656 and BRL 53114 were 181, 9 and 3.4 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, in dogs BRL 52656 and BRL 53114 but not BRL 52974 (30 micrograms/kg i.v.) were able to cause a significant water diuresis. The data demonstrate that opiate receptors behind the BBB are primarily involved in kappa agonist-induced water diuresis and possibly inhibition of AVP secretion.