Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“MRI Stealth” robot for prostate interventions

The paper reports an important achievement in MRI instrumentation, a pneumatic, fully actuated robot located within the scanner alongside the patient and operating under remote control based on the images. Previous MRI robots commonly used piezoelectric actuation limiting their compatibility. Pneumatics is an ideal choice for MRI compatibility because it is decoupled from electromagnetism, but pneumatic actuators were hardly controllable. This achievement was possible due to a recent technology breakthrough, the invention of a new type of pneumatic motor, PneuStep 4, designed for the robot reported here with uncompromised MRI compatibility, high‐precision, and medical safety. MrBot is one of the “MRI stealth” robots today (the second is described in this issue by Zangos et al.). Both of these systems are also multi‐imager compatible, being able to operate with the imager of choice or cross‐imaging modalities. For MRI compatibility the robot is exclusively constructed of nonmagnetic and dielectric materials such as plastics, ceramics, crystals, rubbers and is electricity free. Light‐based encoding is used for feedback, so that all electric components are distally located outside the imager's room. MRI robots are modern, digital medical instruments in line with advanced imaging equipment and methods. These allow for accessing patients within closed bore scanners and performing interventions under direct (in scanner) imaging feedback. MRI robots could allow e.g. to biopsy small lesions imaged with cutting edge cancer imaging methods, or precisely deploy localized therapy at cancer foci. Our robot is the first to show the feasibility of fully automated in‐scanner interventions. It is customized for the prostate and operates transperineally for needle interventions. It can accommodate various needle drivers for different percutaneous procedures such as biopsy, thermal ablations, or brachytherapy. The first needle driver is customized for fully automated low‐dose radiation seed brachytherapy. This paper gives an introduction to the challenges of MRI robot compatibility and presents the solutions adopted in making the MrBot. Its multi‐imager compatibility and other preclinical tests are included. The robot shows the technical feasibility of MRI‐guided prostate interventions, yet its clinical utility is still to be determined.
Intragenic Spatial Patterns of Codon Usage Bias in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genomes

To study the roles of translational accuracy, translational efficiency, and the Hill-Robertson effect in codon usage bias, we studied the intragenic spatial distribution of synonymous codon usage bias in four prokaryotic (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Sulfolobus tokodaii, and Thermotoga maritima) and two eukaryotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster) genomes. We generated supersequences at each codon position across genes in a genome and computed the overall bias at each codon position. By quantitatively evaluating the trend of spatial patterns using isotonic regression, we show that in yeast and prokaryotic genomes, codon usage bias increases along translational direction, which is consistent with purifying selection against nonsense errors. Fruit fly genes show a nearly symmetric M-shaped spatial pattern of codon usage bias, with less bias in the middle and both ends. The low codon usage bias in the middle region is best explained by interference (the Hill-Robertson effect) between selections at different codon positions. In both yeast and fruit fly, spatial patterns of codon usage bias are characteristically different from patterns of GC-content variations. Effect of expression level on the strength of codon usage bias is more conspicuous than its effect on the shape of the spatial distribution.
Relevance of L-selectin Shedding for Leukocyte Rolling In Vivo

The velocity of rolling leukocytes is thought to be determined by the expression of adhesion molecules and the prevailing wall shear stress. Here, we investigate whether rapid cleavage of L-selectin may be an additional physiologic regulatory parameter of leukocyte rolling. A unique protease in the membrane of leukocytes cleaves L-selectin after activation, resulting in L-selectin shedding. The hydroxamic acid–based metalloprotease inhibitor KD-IX-73-4 completely prevented L-selectin shedding in vitro and significantly decreased the rolling velocity of leukocytes in untreated wild-type C57BL/6 mice from 55 to 35 μm/s in vivo. When E-selectin was expressed on the endothelium (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α treatment 2.5–3 h before the experiment), rolling velocity was 4 μm/s and did not change after the application of KD-IX-73-4. However, KD-IX-73-4 decreased mean rolling velocity by 29% from 23 to 16 μm/s in E-selectin–deficient mice treated with TNF-α. The reduction of velocity caused by KD-IX-73-4 was immediate (<5 s) after injection of KD-IX-73-4 as shown by a novel method using a local catheter. These results establish a role for L-selectin shedding in regulating leukocyte rolling velocity in vivo.
The effects of obesity on the clinical judgments of mental health professionals.

This study was undertaken to determine whether a client's weight influences the clinical judgments of mental health practitioners. We used an analogue approach in which 120 mental health workers evaluated a case history that included a photograph of the client. Using the photographic process ECRM, we altered the image of a single photograph of a middle-aged woman to produce three pictures: best-weight model, overweight model, and obese model. Results show that mental health workers are more likely to assign negative psychological symptoms to the obese model than to the overweight or best-weight model. In addition, male respondents are less harsh than females in their assessment of the obese client, indicating that a sex-by-obesity interaction effect occurs. Similarly, older mental health workers are less likely than their younger peers to assign negative symptoms to the obese client. Finally, a client'sweight-by-respondent's-weight interaction, influencing certain diagnostic judgments, is detected. Overweight mental health workers are less predisposed to differentiate between obese, overweight, and best-weight clients than are their less heavy contemporaries. These findings indicate that diagnosis is affected, or confounded, by the weight of the client. Implications for future research are discussed.
DC link balancing and ripple compensation for a cascaded-H-bridge using space vector modulation

This paper presents a modulation scheme for the cascaded H-bridge multi-level converter based on space vector modulation. The method is modified from other implementations in two ways. Switching states are chosen to keep the d.c. link voltages on each bridge equal and a modified co-ordinate transformation is employed to compensate for d.c. link voltage ripple. A constraint for minimal switching is obeyed causing only one bridge to commutate between two consecutive switching states in steady state. The algorithm can be extended to a greater number of levels with minimal modification and minimal additional computational cost.
Development of Edge-Based Lane Detection Algorithm using Image Processing

Image processing is known as the process of converting an image into a digital form so as to obtain an enhanced image and to extract useful information from it. This paper presents a simple step by step analysis of edges-based lane detection. Some of the known and common edge detection techniques such as Sobel, Canny, Prewitt and Roberts were studied and evaluated using image segmentation, morphology, image statistic and Hough Transform. The result indicated some similarities in the process as well as major differences. These differences were observed to be as a result of the high sensitivity of the edge detector in detecting noise such as cast shadows and unmarked lanes. This could be noticed in the case of canny edge detector. Also these data could be considered in the development of a multi-system edge detector, which could be used to analyze various road scenes and runs the appropriate edge detector best suited for the current situation.
THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

thought and from collective to individualistic orientations. The disengagement from the everyday world fostered by the decontextualized nature of schooling allows individuals to move beyond the limits imposed by the more restricted environments in which nonschooled (read "primitive") or otherwise "culturally deprived" (read "lower class" or ethnic minority) individuals live. The connections between the great divide and evolutionary approaches discussed in the previous section and the dichotomies and evolutionary leaps discussed here are noteworthy. In this case, fundamental (dichotomous) differences can be overcome by certain (evolutionary) developments, such as those provided by schooling. Recent work in cross-cultural cognition has entailed a move beyond a concern with cognitive properties as static phenomena that people do or do not have in their heads, to a concern with practice and activity-with the embeddedness of cognitive skills in particular interactive contexts rather than in isolated minds. One underlying assumption of this approach is that cognitive skills are inextricably tied to the practices and activities that invoke them (15, 118). This approach also reflects a concern with the methodological and theoretical problems associated with the application of Western-style tests in non-Western contexts, and with the use of tests or tasks per se (15-17, 37, 59, 61, 65, 92, 115, 118). This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.128 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 06:19:45 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms TEACHING & LEARNING 81 Researchers are increasingly emphasizing everyday experience as a phenomenon of interest in its own right, and replacing tests with experiments designed to build on and replicate real life practices. The work of Lave and her colleagues (67, 68) on people's uses of math in real life situations like grocery shopping and dieting, and Scribner's (116) work on the dairy industry, demonstrate the interest and importance of everyday activity. Experiments used in the study of cross-cultural and everyday cognition, moreover, draw on detailed ethnographic analyses of what it is that people actually do, and of the skills connected with these activities (15, 62, 68, 118). The end result is a mutually informative combination of observation and experiment rather than a situation in which observation or experiment is used exclusively
Production and characterization of anti-estrone monoclonal antibody.

OBJECTIVE Determination of estrone (E1) levels has a significant meaning in evaluating physiological effect and diagnosing some diseases. In order to detect free E1 in biological fluids, a monoclonal antibody specific for E1 was prepared after the complete antigen of E1 was synthesized. The purified monoclonal antibody was fully characterized for later immunoassay. METHODS 3-O-carboxymethyl ether derivative of E1 was synthesized and in turn coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form complete antigen E1-BSA. A monoclonal antibody (McAb) specific for E1 was produced both in vitro and in vivo by a hybridoma anti-E1. Anti-E1 was prepared by fusion of SP2/0 murine myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from immunized BALB/c mouse. The McAb was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. The specificity of the immunoassay was investigated by determining the cross-reactions of E1 analogs when free E1 was detected by competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA). RESULTS Analysis revealed that anti-E1 McAb (E1-McAb) was of the IgG1 type, the molecular weight of E1-McAb was 164,000 daltons. The affinity constant of E1-McAb with coated complete antigen was 8.2 x 10(8) L/mol. The linear range for free E1 determined by CI-ELISA was 10 pg/mL-10 ng/mL. The detection limit was 21.4 pg/mL (defined as twice the standard deviation of the blank). CONCLUSION The CI-ELISA developed with E1-McAb was both sensitive and specific. The prepared E1-McAb can be used in some immunoassays.
Trauma exposure and traumatic symptoms in deaf adults.

s International, 62(4780), 10B. (UMI No. 3029914). Field, C. A. , & Caetano, R. (2004). Ethnic differences in intimate partner violence in the U.S. general population: The role of alcohol use and socioeconomic status. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 5(4), 303–317. doi: 10.1177/152483800429488 Freyd, J. J. (1994). Betrayal trauma: Traumatic amnesia as an adaptive response to childhood abuse. Ethics & Behavior, 4(4), 307–329. Gallaudet Research Institute. (2001). Regional and national summary report of data from the 1999–2000 annual survey of deaf and hard of hearing children & youth. Washington, DC: GRI, Gallaudet University. Gannon, C. L. (1998). Sexuality & Disability, 16(4), 283–293. Glickman, N. S. (2003). Culturally affirmative treatment with psychologically unsophisticated deaf people. In N. S. Glickman & S. Gulati (Eds.), Mental health care of deaf people (pp. 145–201). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Glickman, N. S. , & Gulati, S. (Eds.). (2003). Mental health care of deaf people. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Gulati, S. (2003). Psychiatric care of culturally deaf people. In N. S. Glickman & S. Gulati (Eds.), Mental health care of deaf people (pp. 33–107). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Hallam, R. , Ashton, P., Sherbourne, K. , & Gailey, L. (2006). Acquired profound hearing loss: Mental health and other characteristics of a large sample. International Journal of Audiology, 45(12), 715–723. Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 377–391. Hough, R. L. , Canino, G. J., Abueg, F. R. , & Gusman, F. D. (1996). PTSD and related stress disorder among Hispanics. In A. J. Marsella, M. J. Friedman, E. T. Gerrity & R. M. Scurfield (Eds.), Ethnocultural aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder: Issues, research, and clinical applications (pp. 301–338). Washington, DC: American Psychological Associ-
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND WELL-BEING

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects central nervous system (CNS) coesists in brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. In particular, nerve fibers are surrounded by a fatty substance, myelin, which helps them in the conduction of electrical impulses. The disease causes loss of myelin in different areas, leaving the formation of sclerotic tissue or lesions that determine the denomination as plaques sclerosis. The nerve fibers can also be damaged or broken by stopping the ability to conduct electrical impulses to the brain, inducing symptoms that are common in MS [1]. These should be cause permanent disability that many people with MS experience and should follow one of four disease courses, each of which may be mild, moderate or severe.
Improving the performance of input-queued ATM packet switches

The authors propose a single way to dramatically improve the performance of input-queued ATM packet switches beyond the 82% saturation point obtained in previous work. The method is an extension of the independent output-port schedulers technique and is based on the notion of recycled time slots, i.e. reusing time slots normally wasted due to scheduling conflicts. In contrast to previous results, the technique yields a throughput improvement from 65% to 92% without speedup, trunking, or complicated hardware. If input grouping with a group size of four is also employed, then the method can yield up to 95% throughput. <<ETX>>
The Impact of Court on Children

Concerns about possible negative impacts to children as a result of participating in the criminal justice system have led to discussions about altering the process in ways that accommodate the specific developmental and emotional needs of children. However, before making major changes to the system, it is essential to answer several questions. This article reviews research addressing the following questions: (a) How frequently do children testify in court? (b) Is involvement in the criminal justice system, particularly providing testimony in criminal court, harmful to child witnesses? (c) Do suggested innovations in practice reduce children's court-related distress? Research findings related to these questions are then discussed in terms of their application to practice with children as witnesses within the criminal justice system.
Evolving Sorting Networks using Genetic Programming and Rapidly Reconfigurable Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

This paper describes ongoing work involving the use of the X i l i n x X C 6 2 1 6 r a p i d l y reconfigurable field-programmable gate array to evolve sorting n e t w o r k s u s i n g g e n e t i c programming. We successfully evolved a network for sorting seven items that employs two fewer steps than the sorting network described in a l962 patent and that has the same number of steps as the sevensorter devised by Floyd and Knuth subsequent to the patent.
Who should own the definition of personality?

The averaged judgment of knowledgeable others provides the best available point of reference both for the definition of personality structure in general and for assessing someone's personality in particular. Self‐judgments, as in personality questionnaires, are intrinsically deficient because judgment errors cannot be averaged out. The recommended procedure for assessing someone's personality is to give a personality questionnaire, phrased in the third person singular, to those who know the target best. This set may or may not include the target person as a judge.
From expert-based to quantitative retrospective exposure assessment at a Soderberg aluminum smelter.

OBJECTIVES Expert judgement of exposure levels is often only poorly or moderately correlated with directly measured levels. For a follow-up of a historical cohort study at a Söderberg aluminum smelter we updated an expert-based semiquantitative job exposure matrix of coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) to quantitative estimates of CTPV and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). METHODS Mixed effects models to predict exposure for potroom operation and maintenance jobs were constructed from personal CTPV and BaP measurements. Mean exposures of jobs in non-potroom locations were directly calculated when measurements were available. Exposure estimates for jobs/time periods with no measurements were based on proportion of time spent in exposed areas compared to jobs where exposure was modeled or measured. For pre-1977, the original expert exposure assignments were calibrated using the updated 1977 estimates. RESULTS The rate of change in exposure levels varied by time period and was accounted for in mixed models with a linear spline time trend. Other variables significant in the models were job, potroom group and season as fixed effects, and worker as a random effect. The models for potroom operations explained 45 and 27% of the variability in the CTPV and BaP measurements, respectively. The models for maintenance jobs explained 40 and 19% of the variability in the CTPV and BaP measurements, respectively. For 1977-2000 model estimates, direct calculation of means and extrapolation from modeled/measured exposures accounted for 57, 6 and 37% of the exposed person-years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The above methodology maximized the use of exposure measurements and largely replaced the original expert-based estimates. Finer discrimination between exposure levels was possible with the updated exposure assessment. The new estimates are expected to reduce exposure misclassification and help better assess the exposure-response relationships.
Gradually increased Golgi protein 73 expression in the progression of benign liver diseases to precancerous lesions and hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with prognosis of patients

Serum Golgi protein 73 (sGP73) is a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are few reports on the pattern of GP73 expression in the progression of benign liver diseases to precancerous lesions and HCC. This study aimed to investigate GP73 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.
Homography based multiple camera detection and tracking of people in a dense crowd

Tracking people in a dense crowd is a challenging problem for a single camera tracker due to occlusions and extensive motion that make human segmentation difficult. In this paper we suggest a method for simultaneously tracking all the people in a densely crowded scene using a set of cameras with overlapping fields of view. To overcome occlusions, the cameras are placed at a high elevation and only peoplepsilas heads are tracked. Head detection is still difficult since each foreground region may consist of multiple subjects. By combining data from several views, height information is extracted and used for head segmentation. The head tops, which are regarded as 2D patches at various heights, are detected by applying intensity correlation to aligned frames from the different cameras. The detected head tops are then tracked using common assumptions on motion direction and velocity. The method was tested on sequences in indoor and outdoor environments under challenging illumination conditions. It was successful in tracking up to 21 people walking in a small area (2.5 people per m2), in spite of severe and persistent occlusions.
Relationship between 12-lead ECG QT dispersion and 3D-ECG repolarization loop

Detection of QT dispersion on a 12 lead surface electrocardiogram has been proved to be a strong prognostic index of malignant events and it is thought to be closely related to an heterogeneity in the repolarization wavefront This work aims to correlate QT dispersion with the morphology of the spatial T wave loop. Indexes of planarity and geometry are derived from the 3D-ECG repolarization loop with a validated algorithm (CAVIAR). Multiple regression analysis indicates that QT dispersion measured on 12 standard lead is significantly correlated with a loss of planarity and with a wider shape of the loop. QT dispersion is then closely related to a spatial distortion of the cardiac vector during the repolarization phase and can be indirectly evaluated on the 3D electrocardiogram.
B cells are required for Aire-deficient mice to develop multi-organ autoinflammation: A therapeutic approach for APECED patients

Autoimmune regulator (Aire)-deficient mice and humans have circulating autoantibodies against a multitude of organs and multiorgan autoinflammatory infiltrates. It is not known to what extent autoantibodies or their source, B lymphocytes, are required for disease onset or progression. We show in this research that B cells must be present for Aire-deficient mice to develop fulminant infiltrates. We found no evidence that autoantibodies were directly pathogenic; rather, B cells appeared to play a critical early role in T cell priming or expansion. A therapeutic reagent directed against B cells, Rituximab, induced remission of the autoimmune disease in Aire-deficient mice, raising the hope of applying it to human patients with autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED).