Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Capacity and Bounds for the Gaussian CZIC and CBZIC with Linear Coded Approximation

In this paper, we study the Gaussian Cognitive Zinterference channel (GCZIC) and its multiuser extension the Gaussian Cognitive Broadcast Z-interference channel (GCBZIC). We review some known capacity results and bounds for the GCZIC for various levels of interference. We derive a new improved inner bound for the GCZIC under conditions which intersect with those for which the capacity is not known. Then we derive the capacity results and bounds for the GCBZIC when the broadcast component of the channel is a degraded broadcast channel.
On asynchronous eventful session semantics

Event-driven programming is one of the major paradigms in concurrent and communication-based programming, where events are typically detected as the arrival of messages on asynchronous channels. Unfortunately, the flexibility and performance of traditional event-driven programming come at the cost of more complex programs: low-level APIs and the obfuscation of event-driven control flow make programs difficult to read, write and verify. This paper introduces a π-calculus with session types that models event-driven session programming (called ESP) and studies its behavioural theory. The main characteristics of the ESP model are asynchronous, order-preserving message passing, non-blocking detection of event/message arrivals and dynamic inspection of session types. Session types offer formal safety guarantees, such as communication and event handling safety, and programmatic benefits that overcome problems with existing event-driven programming languages and techniques. The new typed bisimulation theory developed for the ESP model is distinct from standard synchronous or asynchronous bisimulation, capturing the semantic nature of eventful session-based processes. The bisimilarity coincides with reduction-closed barbed congruence. We demonstrate the features and benefits of ESP and the behavioural theory through two key use cases. First, we examine an encoding and the semantic behaviour of the event selector, a central component of general event-driven systems, providing core results for verifying type-safe event-driven applications. Second, we examine the Lauer–Needham duality, building on the selector encoding and bisimulation theory to prove that a systematic transformation from multithreaded to event-driven session processes is type- and semantics-preserving.
Context-Inclusive Approach to Speed-up Function Evaluation for Statistical Queries : An Extended Abstract

Many statistical queries such as maximum likelihood estimation involve finding the best candidate model given a set of candidate models and a quality estimation function. This problem is common in important applications like land-use classification at multiple spatial resolutions from remote sensing raster data. Such a problem is computationally challenging due to the significant computation cost to evaluate the quality estimation function for each candidate model. A proposed method of multiscale, multigranular classification has high computational overhead of function evaluation for various candidate models independently before comparison. In contrast, we propose a context-inclusive approach that controls the computational overhead based on the context, i.e. the value of the quality estimation function for the best candidate model so far. Experimental results using land-use classification at multiple spatial resolutions from satellite imagery show that the proposed approach reduces the computational cost significantly while providing comparable classification accuracy
Clinical and pathologic correlates of brain stem auditory response abnormalities

Short-latency auditory evoked responses were recorded in over 100 neurologic patients. Abnormalities of each response component were correlated with postmortem or radiologic localization of different brain stem lesions. These findings suggested that waves I-VII largely reflect activity at the following levels of the auditory pathway: acoustic nerve (I), pontomedullary junction (II), caudal pons (Ill), rostral pons or midbrain (IV), midbrain (V), thalamus (VI), and thalamus or auditory radiation (VII). When this information was applied prospectively to the evaluation of brain stem dysfunction, response abnormalities proved useful in detecting and localizing certain lesions not revealed by other tests. Serial recordings provided information about the evolution of brain stem lesions and their response to therapy.
Application of pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) fruit extract for accelerating post-tooth extraction wound healing

Background: Trauma occurring during tooth extraction can cause complications such as bleeding, infection, fracture and dry socket and constitutes an inflammatory response trigger. Pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) extract, which contains large amounts of punicallagin and ellagic acid, possesses various qualities, including; anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant. Pomegranate extract can inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production, while also suppressing inflammation response thereby accelerating wound healing. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of pomegranate extract application to the tooth extraction wounds of Cavia cobaya (C. cobaya) on the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) on the fourth day of the wound-healing process. Methods: This study used 12 C. cobaya, divided into two groups, namely; control and treatment. The subjects were anesthetized, before their lower left central incisor was extracted and the entire socket filled with CMC-Na 3% in members of the control group and pomegranate extract in those of the treatment group. The twelve C. cobaya were sacrificed on day 4, their lower jaw subsequently being removed and decalcified for approximately 30 days. The mandibula tissue was stained using a immunohistochemical technique. FGF-2 and TGF-β were used to evaluate the healing process in the extracted tooth socket. Differences in the expression of FGF-2 and TGF-β were evaluated statistically by means of a t-test. Results: This study indicated a significant difference between the control and the treatment groups (p<0.05). The treatment group members whose sockets were filled with pomegranate extract showed high FGF-2 and TGF-β expression. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the administration of pomegranate extract to post-extraction tooth wounds of C. cobaya increases the expression of FGF-2 and TGF-β on day 4, thereby accelerating the wound healing process.
Inflammatory biomarkers of low back pain and disc degeneration: a review

Biomarkers are biological characteristics that can be used to indicate health or disease. This paper reviews studies on biomarkers of low back pain (LBP) in human subjects. LBP is the leading cause of disability, caused by various spine‐related disorders, including intervertebral disc degeneration, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and facet arthritis. The focus of these studies is inflammatory mediators, because inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of disc degeneration and associated pain mechanisms. Increasingly, studies suggest that the presence of inflammatory mediators can be measured systemically in the blood. These biomarkers may serve as novel tools for directing patient care. Currently, patient response to treatment is unpredictable with a significant rate of recurrence, and, while surgical treatments may provide anatomical correction and pain relief, they are invasive and costly. The review covers studies performed on populations with specific diagnoses and undefined origins of LBP. Since the natural history of LBP is progressive, the temporal nature of studies is categorized by duration of symptomology/disease. Related studies on changes in biomarkers with treatment are also reviewed. Ultimately, diagnostic biomarkers of LBP and spinal degeneration have the potential to shepherd an era of individualized spine medicine for personalized therapeutics in the treatment of LBP.
Osmotic Behavior of Oat Coleoptile Tissue in Relation to Growth

Efforts were made to estimate the water potential difference that is required, between rapidly growing oat coleoptile cylinders and dilute medium, to support the rate of water uptake involved in elongation, (a) by the traditional method of determining the concentration of mannitol in which the tissue neither gains nor loses water, and (b) by measuring the rates of osmotic exchanges induced by treating the tissue with different hypotonic mannitol concentrations. Both methods indicated large water potential differences (3 to 10 atm), in some cases approaching the osmotic pressure of the cells. However, indication was obtained that the rates of osmotic exchanges induced by mannitol solutions, and presumably also the equilibrium response sought in (a), are governed by the rate of diffusional exchange of mannitol with the free space rather than by the permeability of the tissue to water. Osmotic swelling of the tissue measured by immersing it in water after its turgor pressure had been reduced by evaporation, was at least two to four times more rapid than when mannitol was involved. The permeability to water estimated by the evaporation-immersion method indicated that rapidly elongating cylinders have water potentials between -0.8 and -2.5 atm, or between 10 and 25 per cent of their osmotic pressure.
KIF20A Affects the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer by Promoting the Proliferation and Metastasis of Bladder Cancer Cells

Objective To investigate the expression of kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) in bladder cancer, the effect of KIF20A on the proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer cells, and the effect of KIF20A expression on the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. Methods Bladder cancer tissue and its adjacent tissues were collected from tumour patients. The mRNA and protein expression levels of KIF20A in the tissue samples were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to identify the expression and distribution of KIF20A proteins in the tissue samples. The relationship between the KIF20A expression and the clinical pathology of bladder cancer was analysed. The effect of the differential expression of KIF20A on the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer was analysed by the TCGA database. The plasmid was transfected into the bladder cell lines T24 and 5637 to construct two stable cell lines with knocked down KIF20A. The effect of KIF20A expression on the proliferation and invasion of T24 and 5637 bladder cells was explored in vitro using the abovementioned stable cell lines. The effect of the KIF20A expression on the proliferation of bladder cancer cells was evaluated by a mouse xenograft model. Results The expression of KIF20A was significantly higher in the bladder cancer tissues than in the adjacent control tissues. The expression of KIF20A was significantly associated with the degree of pathological differentiation of bladder cancer. Patients with a higher expression of KIF20A had a higher tumour grade and a more advanced stage. The mean survival of patients with a high KIF20A expression was significantly lower than the mean survival of patients with a low KIF20A expression. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of KIF20A significantly inhibited T24 and 5637 cell proliferation and invasion. The in vivo experiments showed that the knockdown of KIF20A significantly inhibited the proliferation of the bladder tumours. Conclusion KIF20A promotes the proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer cells. Bladder cancer patients with a high KIF20A expression have a worse tumour differentiation and a poor prognosis. KIF20A may become an independent factor that affects the prognosis of bladder cancer patients and a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a specific hypothesis of reward dysfunction.

Abstract Several hypotheses have been proposed to identify the dimensions along which children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADDH) and normal children differ and to explain the etiological factors responsible for these differences. These hypotheses are discussed in terms of the definition of underlying constructs, testability, level of explanation, and descriptive versus explanatory value. Against this background we present a very precise hypothesis about ADDH reward system function. Support for the hypothesis of an elevated reward threshold in ADDH children is derived from behavioral and pharmacological research with both humans and animals. J. Amer. Acad. Child Adol.
Yap, a novel family of eight bZIP proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with distinct biological functions

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains eight members of a novel and fungus-specific family of bZIP proteins that is defined by four atypical residues on the DNA-binding surface. Two of these proteins, Yap1 and Yap2, are transcriptional activators involved in pleiotropic drug resistance. Although initially described as AP-1 factors, at least four Yap proteins bind most efficiently to TTACTAA, a sequence that differs at position +/-2 from the optimal AP-1 site (TGACTCA); further, a Yap-like derivative of the AP-1 factor Gcn4 (A239Q S242F) binds efficiently to the Yap recognition sequence. Molecular modeling suggests that the Yap-specific residues make novel contacts and cause physical constraints at the +/-2 position that may account for the distinct DNA-binding specificities of Yap and AP-1 proteins. To various extents, Yap1, Yap2, Yap3, and Yap5 activate transcription from a promoter containing a Yap recognition site. Yap-dependent transcription is abolished in strains containing high levels of protein kinase A; in contrast, Gcn4 transcriptional activity is stimulated by protein kinase A. Interestingly, Yap1 transcriptional activity is stimulated by hydrogen peroxide, whereas Yap2 activity is stimulated by aminotriazole and cadmium. In addition, unlike other yap mutations tested, yap4 (cin5) mutations affect chromosome stability, and they suppress the cold-sensitive phenotype of yap1 mutant strains. Thus, members of the Yap family carry out overlapping but distinct biological functions.
Effects of electroconvulsive therapy stimulus pulsewidth and amplitude computed with an anatomically-realistic head model

The efficacy and cognitive outcomes of electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) on psychiatric disorders have been shown to depend on variations in treatment technique. In order to investigate this, a high resolution finite element human head model was generated from MRI scans and implemented with tissue heterogeneity and an excitable ionic neural formulations in the brain. The model was used to compare the effects of altered ECT stimulus amplitude and pulse width on the spatial extent of directly activated brain regions. The results showed that decreases in both amplitude and pulse width could effectively lead to reductions in the size of activated brain regions.
Genome‐wide SNP analysis reveals a genetic basis for sea‐age variation in a wild population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Delaying sexual maturation can lead to larger body size and higher reproductive success, but carries an increased risk of death before reproducing. Classical life history theory predicts that trade‐offs between reproductive success and survival should lead to the evolution of an optimal strategy in a given population. However, variation in mating strategies generally persists, and in general, there remains a poor understanding of genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying this variation. One extreme case of this is in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which can show variation in the age at which they return from their marine migration to spawn (i.e. their ‘sea age’). This results in large size differences between strategies, with direct implications for individual fitness. Here, we used an Illumina Infinium SNP array to identify regions of the genome associated with variation in sea age in a large population of Atlantic salmon in Northern Europe, implementing individual‐based genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and population‐based FST outlier analyses. We identified several regions of the genome which vary in association with phenotype and/or selection between sea ages, with nearby genes having functions related to muscle development, metabolism, immune response and mate choice. In addition, we found that individuals of different sea ages belong to different, yet sympatric populations in this system, indicating that reproductive isolation may be driven by divergence between stable strategies. Overall, this study demonstrates how genome‐wide methodologies can be integrated with samples collected from wild, structured populations to understand their ecology and evolution in a natural context.
New routing and compaction strategies for yield enhancement

Improvements in manufacturing lines alone can not compensate for the yield losses due to the increase in complexity of logic. Manufacturing yield improvement needs to be addressed during the physical layout synthesis stage itself. Several layout strategies for yield enhancement are proposed and they are illustrated with respect to channel compaction and routing in standard cell design. Algorithms and other implementation issues are discussed and examples illustrating these algorithms are presented. <<ETX>>
Design of an efficient battery model using evolutionary algorithms.

Batteries play a vital role in current scenario of energy storage, even though many techniques of energy storage are available, since the time taken to start delivering the stored energy is very less. The battery life time depends upon its charging and discharging characteristics, which are in turn, depend on the internal parameters of battery. These parameters include resistance, capacitance and open circuit voltage. The amount of energy stored in the battery can be calculated by estimating these parameters. In this paper, an optimized model for Lithium ion batteries is presented using evolutionary algorithms to estimate the internal parameters of the battery over different charging and discharging rates. A sample EIG make, 2.5 V, 8 Ahr Lithium ion battery is modeled using two evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithm and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) for different charging and discharging rates. The results of two algorithms are compared with the catalog values given by the manufacturer in order to identify the appropriate algorithm for battery modeling and validation. This paper concludes that battery characteristics obtained by CMA-ES algorithm match with the measured manufacturer characteristics.
Learning and Price Discovery in a Search Market

We introduce learning into an otherwise standard two-sided search-and-bargaining market. There is uncertainty about the price distribution due to uncertainty about an underlying exogenous state of relative demand: in the high state, buyers are on the long side; otherwise, they are on the short side. In equilibrium, prices are on average higher in the high state. Individual agents learn about the distribution while searching. Agents typically start out by experimenting with a tough bargaining position—buyers may initially insist on a low price and sellers on a high price. After successive failures to trade, agents become increasingly pessimistic about the market conditions and soften their bargaining stance. When frictions are small, equilibrium transaction prices are approximately market clearing, despite aggregate demand being unknown. Thus, the search-and-bargaining procedure enables price discovery in a decentralized market.
MalwareLab: Experimentation with Cybercrime Attack Tools

Cybercrime attack tools (i.e. Exploit Kits) are reportedly responsible for the majority of attacks affecting home users. Exploit kits are traded in the black markets at different prices and advertising different capabilities and functionalities. In this paper we present our experimental approach in testing 10 exploit kits leaked from the markets that we deployed in an isolated environment, our MalwareLab. The purpose of this experiment is to test these tools in terms of resiliency against changing software configurations in time. We present our experiment design and implementation, discuss challenges, lesson learned and open problems, and present a preliminary analysis of the results.
Spectral regression based subspace learning for face recognition

The current difficulties in face recognition are the computing complexity under the uncontrolled environment. This paper proposes a face recognition algorithm based on spectral regression subspace learning with local binary pattern (LBP) features. Firstly, Gaussian filtering and down-sampling are used to build the image LBP pyramid, from which LBP operator is adopted to extract the LBP features of each sub-image. Then, the multi-scale LBP histogram features are fed as the input of the spectral regression to extract the eigenvectors in the projection face subspace. Experiments results indicated that the multi-scale LBP-SR features are rotation invariance and translation invariance. The spectral regression subspace learning with LBP has better performance in the complex background with fast recognition speed, which can be used for real-time video surveillance.
The age pattern of mortality in the 1918-19 influenza pandemic: an attempted explanation based on data for England and Wales.

L'objectif principal de cet article consiste a examiner l'impact de la pandemie de grippe de 1918 et 1919 sur les differentes tranches d'âge, en utilisant les donnees collectees en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles. Une analyse comparative avec des donnees correspondant a la norme permettra d'evaluer le schema de mortalite.
Emergence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains (MRSA) and Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Strains in Himachal Pradesh

Emergence of Multi drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus infections in clinical cases has posed problem in treating such cases and is of great public health concern. The hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections and community acquired Staph. aureus infections are on the increase and thus, gaining marked clinical significance. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, which were previously susceptible to vancomycin, have been reported resistant to this antibiotic as well as to other antibiotics used to treat Staph. aureus infections. The present study aims at determining the in vitro cultural sensitivity of S.aureus isolates that originated from urine, blood, pus and catheter associated (CA) infections in patients at Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC), Shimla, Himachal Pradesh to the commonly prescribed antibiotics by the clinicians to treat infections due to Staph. aureus. “First Catch” isolates recovered by the Department of Microbiology of the Medical College, Shimla were confirmed as Staph. aureus. Their identity was established on the basis of their cultural characteristics on Mannitol salt agar medium and other media, Gram’s Staining, morphology and biochemical reactions. The isolates were then subjected to in vitro antibiotic cultural sensitivity assay by disc diffusion technique using standard antibiotic discs (Hi-midia-IC-002). A total of 135 isolates were confirmed as Staph. aureus out of 150 isolates examined. The detail of origin of these strains is as follows: pus (93), urine (21), blood (23) and CA (07). Of these, 62(45.0%) were resistant to Methicillin i.e. (MRSA) strains. These strains were also found resistant to other antibiotics such as clarithromycin, teicoplanin, novobiocin, vancomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, linezoid, azithromycin, amoxyclav, ampicillin etc. However, sensitivity to ofloxacin, cephalothin, clindymycin, co-trimozole, gentamicin, oxacillin, amikacin was observed. The study thus, shows the emergence of MRSA strains in the state of Himachal Pradesh and their increased resistance to other antibiotics (MDR) strains. Also, (53.33%) strains were recorded as vancomycin resistant.