Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Nursery to Nature: Evaluating Native Herbaceous Flowering Plants Versus Native Cultivars for Pollinator Habitat Restoration

There is growing awareness about the value of preserving and restoring floral-rich habitats for the benefit of pollinators, especially native bees. The increasing demand for native plants in pollinator habitat restoration and other ecological landscaping applications, combined with the desire for more robust and predictable plant habits, have led to the selection and breeding of native cultivars. Yet, little is known about how these cultivated varieties differ from the native species in their ability to attract and support pollinators. I compared flower visitation by all insect pollinators to 12 native herbaceous plant species and 14 native cultivars in a replicated field experiment at two sites over two years. I classified insect pollinators during visual field observations into seven taxonomic and functional groups. I found seven native species to be visited significantly more frequently by all insect pollinators (combined) than their cultivars, four were visited equally, and one native cultivar was visited more frequently than the native species. Bees (both native and non-native) and moths/butterflies exhibited similar preferences, whereas flies showed no preference between the native species and the native cultivar. Our study shows that many insect pollinators prefer to forage on native species over cultivated varieties of the native species, but not always, and not exclusively. Some native cultivars may be comparable substitions for native species in pollinator habitat restoration projects, but all cultivars should be evaluated on an individual basis. Plant selection is integral to the value and success of pollinator habitat restorations, yet there is little consistency and overlap in pollinator planting recommendations and very little empirical data to support plant choice. Non peerreviewed pollinator plant lists are widely available and are often region-specific, but they are typically based on anecdotal rather than empirical data and lack in specificity. To help close the gap between anecdotal and empirical data, and between practice and research, I reviewed the published literature on plant selection for pollinator habitat restoration. I explicitly reviewed and compared the value of native plant species, near-natives, nonnatives and native cultivars. From there, I identified gaps in the literature that are most needed in practice and recommended basic strategies for practitioners to navigate plant lists and choose the best plants for a site’s success.
A Middle Triassic age for the Kamthi(Hingir)Formation of the Lower Gondwana Ib-Hingir basin, Orissa, India : New Palaeobotanical Evidence

The Kamthi(Hingir) Formation has so far been considered as the uppermost lithostratigraphic unit of the Lower Gondwana Group of India. An Upper Permian age has been assigned to this formation as no typical Triassic fossil was earlier known from it. The present discovery of a rich Dicroidium flora in the Kamthi(Hingir) Formation of the Ib-Hingir basin points to a younger age. The flora is comparable with that of the Dicroidium odontopteroides OpPEL-zone which has been dated in Australia as Middle Triassic (Late Anisian to Ladinian). Kurzfassung. Die Kamthi(Hingir)-Formation ist bisher als die oberste litho stratigraphische Einheit der Unter-Gondwana-Gruppe Indiens betrachtet worden. Dieser Formation wurde ein Oberperm-Alter zu­ gewiesen, weil friiher kein typisches Triasfossil aus dieser bekannt war. Die Entdeckung einer reichen Dicroidium-Flora in der Kamthi(Hingir)-Formation des Ib-Hingir-Beckens zeigt ein jiingeres Alter. Die Flora ist mit der Dicroidium odontopteroides OpPEL-Zone vergleichbar, die in Australien als Mittlere Trias (Ober-Anis Ladin) datiert wird . Introduction Earlier palaeobotanical studies (BUNBURY 1 86 1 , BALL 1 877, FEISTMANTEL 1 887, CHANDRA & PRASAD 1 98 1 ) vehemently argued for an Upper Permian age for Kamthi Formation and that "Kamthi flora does not have any typical Triassic elements" (CHANDRA & PRASAD 1 98 1 ). Kamthi Formation has been shown as the uppermost litho-unit of the Lower Gondwana sequence (KING 1 8 8 1 , PASCOE 1 968, KRISHNAN 1 968) . More recent work by the Geological Survey of India (SASTRY et al. 1 977) confirms this stratigraphic disposition but stating that "the age of Kamthi is placed between Upper Permian to Lower Triassic. Subsequent work would ascertain whether it is possible to identify an upper stratigraphic unit with Lower Triassic fauna and flora from the typical Kamthi" . At the same place, it is stated that typical Triassic flora is yet to be reported from the Kamthi-like lithology (SASTRY et al. 1 977). The present workers recognised a rich Dicroidium flora in the lower part of Kamthi(Hingir) Formation which points clearly to a Middle Triassic age. " Authors' addresses : A. K. PAL and R. N. GHOSH, Palaeontology & Stratigraphy Division, Geological Survey of India, 27, J. L. Nehru Road, Calcutta-700 0 1 6, India. P. N. CHAUDHURI and S. BOSE, Coal Division, Geological Survey of India, Calcutta-700 0 1 6, India. 3 Newsletters 27 (1 /2) 0078-042 1 /92/0027-0033 $ 1 . 75 © 1 992 Gebruder Borntraeger, D-IOOO Berlin · D-7000 Stuttgart (c) 2015 www.schweizerbart. com DOI:10.1127/nos/27/1992/33
A Virtual Network Matching Method for Correcting Asymmetric Near-Field Probing System

In symmetric two-port probing system, the measured electromagnetic field signals can be decoupled. However, in practical application, asymmetric problem is difficult to avoid. So, correcting asymmetric probing system (APS) is significant to achieve ultra-wide-band near-field measurement. In this article, a virtual network matching method (VNMM) is proposed based on a circuit model, which is different from the previous asymmetric correction (or calibration) method. By setting up a virtual matching network, the APS is transformed into a virtual symmetric probing system (SPS), then the measured electromagnetic field signals can be decoupled. As a new forward correction method, the proposed VNMM is simpler and easier to use than the previous forward correction method. The measurement results of a two-port probing system in three asymmetric cases have verified the effectiveness of the VNMM, and a near-field scanning measurement proves the practical applicability of the VNMM. Furthermore, the VNMM can also be easily expanded to correct asymmetries of multiport probing systems.
Regulation versus Flow Control in NoC for Hard Real-time Systems: a Preliminary Case Study

Many-core architectures are promising candidates for the de- sign of hard real-time systems. Inter-core and core to external memory or peripheral communications use the Network- on-Chip (NoC). Such a NoC is typically composed of a set of routers. Internal organization of routers (mainly bu↵ers) as well as flow control aspects impact NoC performances and thus those of the many-core, including the Worst-Case Traversal Time (WCTT) which has to be guaranteed for hard real-time systems. In this paper we study the impact of flow control aspects on this WCTT. We consider two classes of NoC architectures, representative of the trend in the many-core market: Tilera Tile64-like NoCs where flow control is implemented at the router level and KalRay MPPA 256-like NoCs where flows are regulated at the source node level. We compute flow WCTT for different configurations and we show that there is no clear winner, since NoC performances highly depend on flow features.
A Systematic Review of the Pulmonary Microbiome in Patients with Acute Exacerbation COPD Requiring ICU Admission

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health concern. Acute exacerbations (AECOPD) may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation. Acute infections and chronic colonization of the respiratory system are known to precipitate AECOPD. Detailed knowledge of the respiratory microbiome could lead to effective treatment and prevention of exacerbations. Objective: The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the respiratory microbiome of patients with a severe AECOPD requiring mechanical ventilation and intensive care admission. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the published papers until January 2023. The collected data were then subjected to qualitative analysis. After the first analysis, a secondary focused review of the most recent publications studying the relationship between microbiome and mortality in AECOPD was performed. Results: Out of 120 screened articles six articles were included in this review. Potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) were identified in 30% to 72% of the patients with community-acquired bacteria, gram-negative enteric bacilli, Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas being the most frequently isolated. During hospitalization, 21% of patients experienced colonization by PPMs. Adequate antimicrobial therapy resulted in the eradication of 77% of the identified PPMs. However, 24% of the bacteria displayed multi-drug resistance leading to prolonged or failure of eradication. Conclusion: PPMs are prevalent in a significant proportion of patients experiencing an AECOPD. The most identified PPMs include community-acquired pathogens and gram-negative enteric bacilli. Notably, no differences in mortality or duration of ventilation were observed between patients with and without isolated PPMs. However, the included studies did not investigate the virome of the patients, which may influence the microbiome and the outcome of infection. Therefore, further research is essential to comprehensively investigate the complete microbial and viral composition of the lower respiratory system in COPD patients admitted to the ICU.
Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants

As neural implant technologies advance rapidly, a nuanced understanding of their powering mechanisms becomes indispensable, especially given the long-term biocompatibility risks like oxidative stress and inflammation, which can be aggravated by recurrent surgeries, including battery replacements. This review delves into a comprehensive analysis, starting with biocompatibility considerations for both energy storage units and transfer methods. The review focuses on four main mechanisms for powering neural implants: Electromagnetic, Acoustic, Optical, and Direct Connection to the Body. Among these, Electromagnetic Methods include techniques such as Near-Field Communication (RF). Acoustic methods using high-frequency ultrasound offer advantages in power transmission efficiency and multi-node interrogation capabilities. Optical methods, although still in early development, show promising energy transmission efficiencies using Near-Infrared (NIR) light while avoiding electromagnetic interference. Direct connections, while efficient, pose substantial safety risks, including infection and micromotion disturbances within neural tissue. The review employs key metrics such as specific absorption rate (SAR) and energy transfer efficiency for a nuanced evaluation of these methods. It also discusses recent innovations like the Sectored-Multi Ring Ultrasonic Transducer (S-MRUT), Stentrode, and Neural Dust. Ultimately, this review aims to help researchers, clinicians, and engineers better understand the challenges of and potentially create new solutions for powering neural implants.
Low Genetic Variability of the Tundra Vole in Lithuania

Simple Summary The tundra vole’s (Alexandromys oeconomus) distribution in Lithuania has been documented for 70 years, yet its genetic diversity remains unexplored. We analyzed vole samples from northern and western sites in Lithuania, using mtDNA sequence analysis. Despite landscape barriers, our phylogenetic analyses placed Lithuanian voles in the Central European phylogroup, suggesting an origin from northeastern Poland. Genetic diversity in Lithuanian A. oeconomus at the mtDNA loci was low compared to other European samples, revealing distinctions from Poland and Northern Europe. Genetic divergence among western and northern Lithuanian samples, coupled with low variability, provides novel insights into species phylogeography and the influence of barriers on colonization dynamics. Abstract The distribution and spread of the tundra vole (Alexandromys oeconomus) in Lithuania have been documented over the last 70 years, but the genetic diversity of the species has not been studied. In this study, we examined A. oeconomus trapped in three sites in northern and western Lithuania using mtDNA sequence analysis of the cytb and control region. The western and northern sites are separated by anthropogenic landscape barriers. The western site is subject to regular spring flooding. Phylogenetic analyses of the studied individuals placed them in the Central European phylogroup, suggesting that Lithuanian A. oeconomus originated from northeastern Poland. In Lithuania, the genetic diversity of A. oeconomus at both mtDNA loci was relatively low (Hd < 0.6, π < 0.002) compared to that found in other European samples (Hd = 0.833–0.958; π = 0.00402–0.01552). Individuals analyzed in Lithuania were genetically different from samples collected in Poland and Northern Europe (ΦST > 0.15, p < 0.05). The genetic divergence between the western and northern samples of A. oeconomus in Lithuania, together with the low genetic variability among the voles studied, provides new insights into the phylogeography of the species and the influence of barriers on the colonization of the country.
The Development of an Oral Solution Containing Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir and Assessment of Its Pharmacokinetics and Stability

Paxlovid®, a co-packaged medication comprised of separate tablets containing two active ingredients, nirmatrelvir (NRV) and ritonavir (RTV), exhibits good effectiveness against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the size of the NRV/RTV tablets makes them difficult for some patients to swallow, especially the elderly and those with dysphagia. Therefore, an oral liquid formulation that can overcome this shortcoming and improve patient compliance is required. In this study, we developed a liquid formulation containing NRV and RTV by adopting strategies that used co-solvents and surfactants to enhance the solubility and inhibit possible recrystallization. The in vitro release results showed that NRV and RTV could be maintained at high concentrations in solution for a certain period in the investigated media. In vivo studies in rats showed that the oral bioavailability of NRV/RTV solution was significantly enhanced. Compared to Paxlovid® tablets, the AUC(0–t) of NRV and RTV increased by 6.1 and 3.8 times, respectively, while the Cmax increased by 5.5 times for both. Furthermore, the promoting effect of the absorption of RTV on the bioavailability of NRV was confirmed. Experiments with a beagle showed a similar trend. Stability studies were also conducted at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C for 90 days, indicating that the oral liquid formulation was physically and chemically stable. This study can be used as a valuable resource for developing and applying oral liquid NRV/RTV formulations in a clinical context.
APPLICATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS : A REVIEW

Corresponding Author: Abdul Rohman +62274-543120; Email: abdulkimfar@gmail.com ABSTRACT Analysis of pharmaceutical products covers all aspects of quality control of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and finished products. Today, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, especially in combination with chemometrics software, has emerged as one of the promising analytical techniques to be used in pharmaceutical industry, for quality control of desired pharmaceutical products. Compared with other instrumental techniques, FTIR spectroscopy offers some advantages, namely it is rapid, simple in sample preparation, and not destructive. In this review, the application of FTIR spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative determinations of API and monitoring drug release are described.
Systmod II: Approaching a real dynamic computer model for fish stock assessment and development of fishery strategies

20 Simulating development of fish stocks may be as complex as calculation of the development of 21 the atmosphere, which is treated in meteorology as an initial value problem in physics. This 22 approach was first proposed by Abbe and Bjerknes in the beginning of the 20 century and 23 today huge systems of differential equations are used to predict the weather. A similar approach 24 to fisheries biology and ecology requires a real dynamic population model, which calculates 25 the development of fish stocks from an initial state with equations that are independent of time. 26 Here we present Systmod II, which uses a length-based growth function with a parameter for 27 environmental variation and length-based data structure. The model uses monthly time steps to 28 integrate population growth by moving fish to higher length groups as they grow. Since fish 29 growth and maturity correlate more with length than with age, this gives comprehensive and 30 clear results. The model was validated for Norwegian Spring-Spawning herring, using observed 31 data from ICES working groups, and correlations (R[sup]2[sup]) between simulated and 32 observed stock (total stock, spawning stock and catchable stock, numbers and biomass) were 33 above 0.93. At present, the model makes reliable predictions on the short term (3 year for 34 herring). For long term forecasts, better predictions of recruitment are needed. Since length is 35 the main variable of the growth function, the state of the fish stock, including variability in 36 length per yearclass, can be measured [b]in situ[b]using hydro-acoustic trawl surveys. Data for 37 modelling of many of the relations are still lacking, but can be filled in from future field studies. 38 39 PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints. 2604v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Nov 2016, publ:
Running intralimb coordination patterns after a foot core exercise program in recreational runners

This study investigated the effects of a foot core intervention on the coordination of foot joints in recreational runners. This was a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial conducted with 87 recreational runners allocated to the control group (CG), which followed a placebo lower limb stretching protocol, or the intervention group (IG), which underwent an 8-week (3 times/week) foot core training. The participants ran on a force-instrumented treadmill at a self-selected speed (9.5-10.5 km/h) while the foot segment motion was captured. The vector coding technique was used to assess inter-joint coordination for four selected coupled segment and joint angles. The coordination patterns of the calcaneus and midfoot (CalMid) and midfoot and metatarsus (MidMet) joint pairs were affected. In the frontal plane, IG showed an in-phase with proximal dominancy coordination at heel strike, with a decrease in its frequency after the training (P=0.018), suggesting a longer foot supination. Additionally, IG showed an anti-phase with distal dominancy pattern at early stance compared to CG due to a smaller but earlier inversion of the CalMid-MidMet pair (P=0.020). The intervention also had an effect on the transverse plane of the CalMid-MidMet pair, with IG showing a significantly greater frequency of anti-phase coordination with proximal dominancy during propulsion than CG (P=0.013), probably due to a reduction in the CalMid abduction. Overall, the results suggested that the foot core intervention reduces the occurrence of running-related injuries by increasing the resistance to calcaneus pronation and building a more rigid and efficient lever during push-off.
How, and why, science and health researchers read scientific (IMRAD) papers

Objectives The purpose of our study was to determine the order in which science and health researchers read scientific papers, their reasons for doing so and the perceived difficulty and perceived importance of each section. Study design and setting An online survey open to science and health academics and researchers distributed via existing research networks, X (formerly Twitter), and LinkedIn. Results Almost 90% of respondents self-declared to be experienced in reading research papers. 98.6% of the sample read the abstract first because it provides an overview of the paper and facilitates a decision on continuing to read on or not. Seventy-five percent perceived it to be the easiest to read and 62.4% perceived it to be very important (highest rank on a 5-point Likert scale). The majority of respondents did not read a paper in the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results And Discussion) format. Perceived difficulty and perceived importance influenced reading order. Conclusion Science and health researchers do not typically read scientific and health research papers in IMRAD format. The more important a respondent perceives a section to be, the more likely they are to read it. The easier a section is perceived, the more likely it will be read. We present recommendations to those teaching the skill of writing scientific papers and reports.
A Burden of Rare Copy Number Variants in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Current genetic research on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) supports contributions to risk specifically from common single nucleotide variants (SNVs), along with rare coding SNVs and small insertion-deletions (indels). The contribution to OCD risk from large, rare copy number variants (CNVs), however, has not been formally assessed at a similar scale. Here we describe an analysis of rare CNVs called from genotype array data in 2,248 deeply phenotyped OCD cases and 3,608 unaffected controls from Sweden and Norway. We found that in general cases carry an elevated burden of large (>30kb, at least 15 probes) CNVs (OR=1.12, P=1.77×10−3). The excess rate of these CNVs in cases versus controls was around 0.07 (95% CI 0.02–0.11, P=2.58×10−3). This signal was largely driven by CNVs overlapping protein-coding regions (OR=1.19, P=3.08×10−4), particularly deletions impacting loss-of-function intolerant genes (pLI>0.995, OR=4.12, P=2.54×10−5). We did not identify any specific locus where CNV burden was associated with OCD case status at genome-wide significance, but we noted non-random recurrence of CNV deletions in cases (permutation P = 2.60×10−3). In cases where sufficient clinical data were available (n=1612) we found that carriers of neurodevelopmental duplications were more likely to have comorbid autism (P<0.001), and that carriers of deletions overlapping neurodevelopmental genes had lower treatment response (P=0.02). The results demonstrate a contribution of large, rare CNVs to OCD risk, and suggest that studies of rare coding variation in OCD would have increased power to identify risk genes if this class of variation were incorporated into formal tests.
Trapdoor proof of work

Consensus algorithms play a crucial role in facilitating decision-making among a group of entities. In certain scenarios, some entities may attempt to hinder the consensus process, necessitating the use of Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithms. Conversely, in scenarios where entities trust each other, more efficient crash fault-tolerant consensus algorithms can be employed. This study proposes an efficient consensus algorithm for an intermediate scenario that is both frequent and underexplored, involving a combination of non-trusting entities and a trusted entity. In particular, this study introduces a novel mining algorithm, based on chameleon hash functions, for the Nakamoto consensus. The resulting algorithm enables the trusted entity to generate tens of thousands blocks per second even on devices with low energy consumption, like personal laptops. This algorithm holds promise for use in centralized systems that require temporary decentralization, such as the creation of central bank digital currencies where service availability is of utmost importance.