Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Star multigraphs with three vertices of maximum degree

The graphs we consider here are either simple graphs, that is they have no loops or multiple edges, or are multigraphs, that is they may have more than one edge joining a pair of vertices, but again have no loops. In particular we shall consider a special kind of multigraph, called a star-multigraph: this is a multigraph which contains a vertex v*, called the star-centre, which is incident with each non-simple edge. An edge-colouring of a multigraph G is a map ø: E(G)→, where is a set of colours and E(G) is the set of edges of G, such that no two edges receiving the same colour have a vertex in common. The chromatic index, or edge-chromatic numberχ′(G) of G is the least value of || for which an edge-colouring of G exists. Generalizing a well-known theorem of Vizing [14], we showed in [6] that, for a star-multigraph G, where Δ(G) denotes the maximum degree (that is, the maximum number of edges incident with a vertex) of G. Star-multigraphs for which χ′(G) = Δ(G) are said to be Class 1, and otherwise they are Class 2.
Reference values for serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid in a population-based sample of adults between 35 and 80 years of age

Abstract Objectives: To examine folic acid and vitamin B12 status in a group of 1000 persons sampled from the community of Umeå, Sweden, and aged 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 or 80 years. Reference data for folate and age-stratified reference data for vitamin B12 are presented, together with an examination of potential confounders. Measurements: All subjects participated in extensive health examinations and interviews, and laboratory blood testing was performed. Results: A series of exclusion criteria were applied, and data from 961 subjects were analysed. Vitamin B12 levels were found to decrease with increasing age, whereas folate levels remained constant across the age span studied. None of the vitamins was found to vary with sex, education, smoking or alcohol consumption, body mass index, prescription-free vitamin supplements, level of haemoglobin, or mean cell volume of erythrocytes. Further, none of these factors was associated with the age-related decrease of vitamin B12 level. Conclusions: The offered reference ranges should be used only in order to rule out deficiency. For B12 levels, the age of the subject should be considered such that, for elderly people in particular, values above the medians should be considered as indicative of normal vitamin status.
A new model of foreign media sense-making

This paper introduces a new model to represent how individuals can develop a deepened understanding of both a foreign culture and of their own culture as a result of viewing and engaging with foreign media, and in particular foreign films and television series. The model emerged from data collected in a study of how Chinese university students based in China make sense of films and television series produced in the USA and the UK. The study involved a series of semi-structured interviews during which the students were shown clips from a number of films and television series. Five categories of sense-making activities emerged from the data, together with a number of variables, which influenced the activities, and a number of levels on which the activities could be performed. The proposed model captures all of these aspects.
Blind separation algorithm for speech and noise based on diagonalizing second-order statistics accurately

A blind source separation algorithm by the accurate diagonalization of second-order statistics is presented for the mixed speech-noise signals. The new algorithm uses the autocorrelation covariance matrix and its one-sample delayed counterpart of the two prewhitened noisy data and forms two 2×2 positive definite symmetry matrices pencil. A tangent algorithm for computing the generalized singular value decomposition is then exploited for simultaneously diagonalizing these two matrices accurately, and its theoretic proof is also presented. Compared with JADE algorithm and SOBI algorithm, the new algorithm is of simple computation and more computation precision. And it overcomes the limitations of their both incapable accurate diagonalization for fourth-order cumulant matrices and time-delayed covariance matrices, separately. Under the conditions of white Gaussian and colored noise, computer simulation results show that the performance of the new algorithm separating speech from noisy data is superior to those of JADE algorithm and SOBI algorithm.
A Dynamic Programming Model for Structuring Mortgage Backed Securities

This paper presents a dynamic programming model that reduces the cost of issuing a mortgage-backed security by changing the structure of the security issued. The implementation is built on the jMDP framework, which solves Markov Decision Problems. The model was implemented in a real life instance, using the original data of the seventh issuance of the Colombian securitizing firm, Titularizadora Co-lombiana (a Fannie Mae alike), which allowed us to determine the different levels of improvement attained by the model.
Verifying UML-based interaction using coloured Petri nets

Verification of an interaction design becomes very important in the system development. Meanwhile, UML, as a standard tool in the system development, is not able to provide a formal verification of the design directly. This paper provides an approach to verify the UML-based interaction by using CPN. The interaction is modelled using UML 2.0 sequence diagram. The verification focuses on identifying the reachability, deadlock, inconsistency, and user errors: initialisation error, order error, and post-completion error. This verification uses the CPN analysis techniques such as state space analysis, strongly-connected component graph, liveness properties and fairness properties. Using a case study of chocolate machine, the verification approach is applied.
First Global Consensus for Evidence-Based Management of the Hematopoietic Syndrome Resulting From Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

ABSTRACT Objective: Hematopoietic syndrome (HS) is a clinical diagnosis assigned to people who present with ≥1 new-onset cytopenias in the setting of acute radiation exposure. The World Health Organization convened a panel of experts to evaluate the evidence and develop recommendations for medical countermeasures for the management of HS in a hypothetical scenario involving the hospitalization of 100 to 200 individuals exposed to radiation. The objective of this consultancy was to develop recommendations for treatment of the HS based upon the quality of evidence. Methods: English-language articles were identified in MEDLINE and PubMed. Reference lists of retrieved articles were distributed to panel members before the meeting and updated during the meeting. Published case series and case reports of individuals with HS, published randomized controlled trials of relevant interventions used to treat nonirradiated individuals, reports of studies in irradiated animals, and prior recommendations of subject matter experts were selected. Studies were extracted using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. In cases in which data were limited or incomplete, a narrative review of the observations was made. No randomized controlled trials of medical countermeasures have been completed for individuals with radiation-associated HS. The use of GRADE analysis of countermeasures for injury to hematopoietic tissue was restricted by the lack of comparator groups in humans. Reliance on data generated in nonirradiated humans and experimental animals was necessary. Results: Based upon GRADE analysis and narrative review, a strong recommendation was made for the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and a weak recommendation was made for the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Conclusions: Assessment of therapeutic interventions for HS in humans exposed to nontherapeutic radiation is difficult because of the limits of the evidence. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:202-212)
An Alternative Technique of Selecting the Initial Cluster Centers in the k-means Algorithm for Better Clustering

accuracy guarantee and it has no idea to select ideal cluster representatives. This article presents a technique in which the initial cluster representatives in the standard k-means algorithm are chosen intelligently. Comparison of the quality of the clusters produced by the standard k-means algorithm, kmeans using Furthest-First, and k-means using the proposed initialization technique have investigated. Experiment result shows that the quality of the clusters improves with the proposed algorithm in most of the cases.
A review of event perception: The first step for convergence on robotics

People observe lots of events around the environment and we can easily recognize the nature of an event from the resulting optic flow. The questions are how do people recognize events and what is the information in the optic flow that enables observers to recognize events. Motor theorists claim that human observers exhibit special sensitivity when perceiving events like speech or biological motion, because we both produce and perceive those events. However, direct perception theorists suggested that speech or biological motion is not special from the perception of all other kinds of event. The purpose of this review article is to address this controversy to critique the motor theory and to describe a direct realist approach to event perception. It is important to understand the fundamental information of how human perceive event perception for the convergence on robotics.
EM Algorithm and Missing Information for Left-Inflated Mixture Models

Data with bound-inflated responses are common in many areas of application. Often the data are bounded below by a real number (e.g., zero) with a substantial portion of observations at the boundary value. One approach to analyze such data is the general class of left-inflated mixture models. As a competitive alternative to the quasi-Newton BFGS method, we implement in this article the EM algorithm and the Louis method to estimate the inflated mixture models and obtain the asymptotic standard errors based on the complete data. In addition, the generalized Louis method is formulated, which provides a consistent covariance estimator robust to mis-specification of the covariance structure for correlated data in general incomplete data problems. The methods are illustrated with an ultrasound safety study in laboratory rabbits.
Habituation and Dishabituation of the GM-Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia

A behavioral reflex mediated by identified motor neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia undergoes two simple forms of shortterm modification. When the gill-with-drawal reflex was repeatedly evoked by a tactile stimulus to the siphon or mantle shelf, the amplitude of the response showed marked decrement (habituation). After a period of rest the response showed spontaneous recovery. The amplitude of a habituated response was facilitated by the presentation of a strong tactile stimulus to another part of the animal (dishabituation). Many characteristics of habituation and dishabituation in Aplysia are similar to those in vertebrates.
Results of the second evaluation of matching tools

(fordissemination) This deliverable reports on the results of the second SEALS evaluation campaign (for WP12 it is the third evaluation campaign), which has been carried out in coordination with the OAEI 2011.5 campaign. Opposed to OAEI 2010 and 2011 the full set of OAEI tracks has been executed with the help of SEALS technology. 19 systems have participated and ﬁve data sets have been used. Two of these data sets are new and have not been used in previous OAEI campaigns. In this deliverable we report on the data sets used in the campaign, the execution of the campaign, and we present and discuss the evaluation results
Interlamellar Organization of Phase Separated Domains in Multi-Component Lipid Multilayers: Energetic Considerations

A recent experimental study [1] has demonstrated the alignment of phase separated domains across hundreds of bilayer units in multicomponent stacked lipid bilayers. The origin of this alignment is the interlamellar coupling of laterally phase separated domains. Here, we develop a theoretical model that presents the energetics description of this phenomenon based on the minimization of the free energy of the system. Specifically, we use solution theory to estimate the competition between energy and entropy in different stacking configurations. The model furnishes an elemental phase diagram, which maps the domain distributions in terms of the strength of the intra- and inter-layer interactions and estimates the value of inter-layer coupling for complete alignment of domains in the stacks of five and ten bilayers. The area fraction occupied by co-existing phases was calculated for the system of the minimum free energy, which showed a good agreement with experimental observations.
Structural metadata annotation: moving beyond English

The goal of metadata extraction (MDE) is to enable technology that can take raw speech-to-text output and refine it into forms that are more useful to humans and to downstream automatic processes. Starting in 2003, a structural metadata annotation task was defined for English as part of the DARPA EARS Program. A significant new challenge for MDE is the addition of new languages. This paper reports on work undertaken to apply MDE annotation to data from three very different languages: Mandarin Chinese, Levantine Arabic, and conversational Czech. Details of annotation task modifications are provided for each language; along with a general overview of data and annotation tools for non-English MDE.
The Non-Local Massive Yang-Mills Action as a Gauged Sigma Model

We show that the massive Yang–Mills action having as a mass term the non-local operator introduced by Gubarov, Stodolsky, and Zakharov is classically equivalent to a principal gauged sigma model. The non-local mass corresponds to the topological term of the sigma model. The latter is obtained once the degrees of freedom implicitly generated in the non-local action are explicitly implemented as group elements. The non-local action is recovered by integrating out these group elements. In contrast to the usual gauge-fixed treatment, the sigma model point of view provides a safe framework in which calculation are tractable while keeping a full control of gauge-invariance. It shows that the non-local massive Yang–Mills action is naturally associated with the low-energy description of QCD in the Chiral Perturbation Theory approach. Moreover, the sigma model admits solutions called center vortices familiar in different (de)-confinement and chiral symmetry breaking scenarios. This suggests that the non-local operator introduced by Gubarov, Stodolsky, and Zakharov might be sensitive to center vortices configurations.
Variational Bayes for Elaborate Distributions

We develop strategies for variational Bayes approximate inference for models containing elaborate distributions. Such models suffer from the difﬁculty that the parameter updates do not admit closed form solutions. We circumvent this problem through a combination of (a) specially tailored auxiliary variables, (b) univariate quadrature schemes and (c) ﬁnite mixture approximations of troublesome density functions. An accuracy assessment is conducted and the new methodology is illustrated in an application.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME): Neuropsychological Profile and Related Factors with Cognitive Dysfunction

Objective The aim of present study was to verify possible cognitive dysfunction in the patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) and its correlation to factors related to epilepsy and patients demographic variables. Material and Methods Thirty two consecutive patients with JME and 32 healthy controls were evaluated in neuropsychological domains including orientation, mental control, logical memory, forward and backward digit spans, visual memory, associative learning, and memory quotient (using Persian version of Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)-Revised), preservative errors (using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)), Stroop Test (color and word), IQ score (using Raven’s Progressive Matrices test), and depression (using the Persian version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)). SPSS 11.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) software was used for statistical analysis. Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used for independent normally and non-normally distributed continuous variables, respectively. Results Our study showed significant differences between patients with JME and control group with respect to scores of mental control (p=0.015), forward digit span (p=0.004), total digit span (p=0.008) and IQ (p=0.003). In addition, age, education level, duration of epilepsy and medication showed an impact on several cognitive functions in the patients with JME. Conclusion It is indicated that JME is associated with impairment in specific cognitive domains, despite any evidence in favor of depression.
Nociceptor and Hair Cell Transducer Properties of TRPA1, a Channel for Pain and Hearing

Mechanosensory channels of sensory cells mediate the sensations of hearing, touch, and some forms of pain. The TRPA1 (a member of the TRP family of ion channel proteins) channel is activated by pain-producing chemicals, and its inhibition impairs hair cell mechanotransduction. As shown here and previously, TRPA1 is expressed by hair cells as well as by most nociceptors (small neurons of dorsal root, trigeminal, and nodose ganglia) and localizes to their sensory terminals (mechanosensory stereocilia and peripheral free nerves, respectively). Thus, TRPA1 channels are proposed to mediate transduction in both hair cells and nociceptors. Accordingly, we find that heterologously expressed TRPA1 display channel behaviors expected for both auditory and nociceptive transducers. First, TRPA1 and the hair cell transducer share a unique set of pore properties not described for any other channel (block by gadolinium, amiloride, gentamicin, and ruthenium red, a ranging conductance of ∼100 pS that is reduced to 54% by calcium, permeating calcium-induced potentiation followed by closure, and reopening by depolarization), supporting a direct role of TRPA1 as a pore-forming subunit of the hair cell transducer. Second, TRPA1 channels inactivate in hyperpolarized cells but remain open in depolarized cells. This property provides a mechanism for the lack of desensitization, coincidence detection, and allodynia that characterize pain by allowing a sensory neuron to respond constantly to sustained stimulation that is suprathreshold (i.e., noxious) and yet permitting the same cell to ignore sustained stimulation that is subthreshold (i.e., innocuous). Our results support a TRPA1 role in both nociceptor and hair cell transduction.
Revisiting the Kronecker Array Transform

It is known that the calculation of a matrix–vector product can be accelerated if this matrix can be recast (or approximated) by the Kronecker product of two smaller matrices. In array signal processing, the manifold matrix can be described as the Kronecker product of two other matrices if the sensor array displays a separable geometry. This forms the basis of the Kronecker Array Transform (KAT), which was previously introduced to speed up the calculations of acoustic images with microphone arrays. If, however, the array has a quasi-separable geometry, e.g., an otherwise separable array with a missing sensor, then the KAT acceleration can no longer be applied. In this letter, we review the definition of the KAT and provide a much simpler derivation that relies on an explicit new relation developed between Kronecker and Khatri–Rao matrix products. Additionally, we extend the KAT to deal with quasi-separable arrays, alleviating the restriction on the need of perfectly separable arrays.
VP-Chaining in Oriya

VP-chaining in Oriya (an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Orissa, India) is argued to be leftrecursive VPadjunction in c-structure with a corresponding f-structure displaying recursive embedding under the attribute ADJUNCT (for 'chain-adjunct'). Under VP-chaining ‘subject sharing’ is obligatory and analyzable in terms of functional control ('token sharing'), 'object sharing' is not only optional but in addition, does not require case or GF uniformity, and can skip an intervening intransitive verb. It is therefore argued that ‘object sharing’ is a form of anaphoric control ('reference sharing'). Passivization under VP-chaining needs to apply to all verbs in the VP-chain. The uniformity of diathesis pattern is accounted for via the adoption of an LFG architecture (from Butt, Dalrymple and Frank 1997) according to which c-structure maps directly to a (rgument) structure, and a-structure in turn to f-structure. This analysis allows us to 'drive' all the aspects of VP-chaining mentioned (apart from object sharing) from an annotation of c-structure rules.
Behavioral Markers for Crew Resource Management: A Review of Current Practice

Developments in crew resource management (CRM) have progressed from the introduction of training programs to the evaluation of CRM skills, particularly for multicrew cockpits. European regulators responsible for flight operations and flight crew licensing (Joint Aviation Authorities, 1996, 1997) are introducing requirements for the training and assessment of pilots' nontechnical skills. This article reports a review of the literature and a survey of current practice in the development and use of behavioral marker systems for training and assessing nontechnical CRM skills in international and domestic (UK) airlines. In general, there appears to be a wide range of practice in the design and implementation of behavioral markers systems within CRM programs. Emerging issues relating to content validity of marker systems and rater reliability are likely to become the focus of both researchers' and pilots' interest.
Asynchronous Cellular Automata and Brownian Motion

This paper deals with some very simple interacting particle systems, \emphelementary cellular automata, in the fully asynchronous dynamics: at each time step, a cell is randomly picked, and updated. When the initial configuration is simple, we describe the asymptotic behavior of the random walks performed by the borders of the black/white regions. Following a classification introduced by Fates \emphet al., we show that four kinds of asymptotic behavior arise, two of them being related to Brownian motion.
Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light on technical debt opinion

We identified and organized a number of statements about technical debt (TD Folklore list) expressed by practitioners in online websites, blogs and published papers. We chose 14 statements and we evaluated them through two surveys (37 practitioners answered the questionnaires), ranking them by agreement and consensus. The statements most agreed with show that TD is an important factor in software project management and not simply another term for “bad code”. This study will help the research community in identifying folklore that can be translated into research questions to be investigated, thus targeting attempts to provide a scientific basis for TD management.