Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biogeographical controls on the marine nitrogen fixers

We interpret the environmental controls on the global ocean diazotroph biogeography in the context of a three‐dimensional global model with a self‐organizing phytoplankton community. As is observed, the model's total diazotroph population is distributed over most of the oligotrophic warm subtropical and tropical waters, with the exception of the southeastern Pacific Ocean. This biogeography broadly follows temperature and light constraints which are often used in both field‐based and model studies to explain the distribution of diazotrophs. However, the model suggests that diazotroph habitat is not directly controlled by temperature and light, but is restricted to the ocean regions with low fixed nitrogen and sufficient dissolved iron and phosphate concentrations. We interpret this regulation by iron and phosphate using resource competition theory which provides an excellent qualitative and quantitative framework.
The organization and polarity of pollen mother cells of Triticum aestivum.

Colchicine has been applied to young developing anthers of Triticum aestivum at varying stages of maturity from the last premeiotic mitoses of the archesporial and tapetal cells to the second meiotic divisions of the pollen mother cells. The developmental stage of the archesporium at which colchicine took effect was determined by cytological examination of the ploidy levels of the nuclei of the adjacent tapetal cells. The type of pollen abnormality induced depended on the time of application and the concentration of colchicine. Uninucleate monads with 4 randomly positioned pores and uninucleate monads without pores were obtained with 0.5% colchicine. Multipored polyads and multipored uninucleate monads were observed together in anthers treated with 0.01% colchicine. Naturally occurring aberrant pollen types in hybrids of Triticum aestivum x Aegilops mutica or T. aestivum x Aegilops sharonensis have revealed a constant relationship between the disposition of the meiotic spindles and the siting of the pollen pores. The colchicine-induced abnormalities have further clarified the nature of this relationship leading to the interpretation that both the positioning of the spindles and the siting of the pores are predetermined by events taking place in the premeiotic interphase at a time just after the last mitosis of the pollen mother cells and the penultimate mitosis of the tapetum. A reorganization of the archesporial cells (sensitive to colchicine) possibly occurs at this time. Various subsequent meiotic events are dependent on the reorganization. Two of these events - the organization of meiotic spindles and the establishment of pollen symmetry - are discussed.
Gay Politics, Urban Politics: Identity and Economics in the Urban Setting

Since the late 1960s, the burgeoning gay rights movement has begun to have a profound effect on the politics of many American cities. This book presents a comprehensive exploration of gay and lesbian politics in urban settings. The study presents a window into how sexual identity has fostered political alliances and investigates the mayoral voting patterns in America's three largest cities - New York, Los Angeles and Chicago - offering case studies of specific urban political settings. The author addresses such issues as how policy is swayed in cities not known as gay centres and how specific issues are influenced in urban areas where gays and lesbians become part of the governing regime.
Temporal Dynamics in Music Listening Behavior: A Case Study of Online Music Service

Although temporal context may significantly affect the popularity of items and user preference over items, traditional information filtering techniques such as recommender systems have not sufficiently considered temporal factors. Modeling temporal dynamics in user behavior is not trivial, and it is challenging to study its effect in order to provide better recommendation results to users. To incorporate temporal effects into information filtering systems, we analyze a large sized real-world usage log data gathered from Bugs Music, which is one of the well-known online music service in Korea, and study temporal dynamics in users' music listening behaviors considering periodicity of time dimension and popularity change. We insist that the result of our analysis can be a useful guideline to the industry which delivers music items to users and tries to consider temporal context in their recommendations.
User experience at NCR: an organisational overview

In this paper the role of user experience (UX) in a large multinational corporation is presented in an historical perspective with recent organisational changes being described that have resulted in the UX role being placed in a central corporate team. Some examples are selected to illustrate a portion of the activities undertaken by this group, and the skills needed to accompany core technical knowledge are outlined. A working definition of user experience is then described that reflects the recent changes that the user experience role has had in our organisation, with this definition being compared with existing definitions of usability. The paper then concludes with reflections on the UX role within a large organisation, and presents some thoughts on how the UX role could be developed in the future. related context upon individual gaze and action during a collaborative Tetris game. Results show that experts as well as novices adapt their playing style when interacting in mixed ability pairs. We also present machine learning results about the prediction of player's social context.
Cathinone, a natural amphetamine.

Cathinone is an alkaloid that has been discovered some fifteen years ago in the leaves of the khat bush. This plant grows in East Africa and in southern Arabia, and the inhabitants of these regions frequently chew khat because of its stimulating properties. Cathinone, which is S(-)-alpha-aminopropiophenone, was soon found to have a pharmacological profile closely resembling that of amphetamine; indeed, in a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments it was demonstrated that cathinone shares the action of amphetamine on CNS as well as its sympathomimetic effects; thus, for example, drug-conditioned animals will not distinguish between cathinone and amphetamine. These various observations were confirmed by a clinical experiment showing that cathinone also in humans produces amphetamine-like objective and subjective effects. Finally, it was demonstrated that cathinone operates through the same mechanism as amphetamine, i.e. it acts by releasing catecholamines from presynaptic storage sites. Thus, much experimental evidence indicates that cathinone is the main psychoactive constituent of the khat leaf and that, in fact, this alkaloid is a natural amphetamine.
Assessment of tumour hypoxia for prediction of response to therapy and cancer prognosis

• Introduction • Pathological markers of hypoxia ‐ Necrosis ‐ Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) targets ‐ HIF‐1 versus HIF‐2 ‐ Early versus late stage cancer ‐ Intratumour heterogeneity ‐ Quality of reports and heterogeneity • Molecular signatures of hypoxia ‐ Comparison of tumour with in vitro hypoxic response profiles ‐ In vivo clustering with seed genes ‐ MicroRNAs • Markers of hypoxia and response to treatment • Concluding remarks
Detection of HER‐2/neu oncogene amplification in flow cytometry‐sorted breast ductal cells by competitive polymerase chain reaction

Background. The amplification and/or overexpression of the HER‐2/neu oncogene has been proposed as an important prognostic marker in breast cancer. However, contradictory results from various groups regarding whether there is statistical significance in HER‐2 amplification or overexpression in predicting overall and disease free survival in node positive versus node negative patients exist in the literature. Current assays on quantifying the HER‐2 oncogene rely on DNA extracted from homogenized breast tissue. Not only is a large amount of tissue required, but also, the DNA extract is contaminated with DNA from stromal cells and leukocytes, leading to decreased specificity and sensitivity of the HER‐2 assay. Improving the specificity (DNA from breast ductal cells) and the sensitivity (competitive polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) of the HER‐2 amplification detection assay will help resolve some of these controversies.
The Use of a Computer Game to Rehabilitate Sensorimotor Functional Deficits following a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

The study describes how a computer game was used as a kinaesthetic training aid to resolve sensorimotor functional deficits in a patient recovering from a subarachnoid haemorrhage. The game required the patient, a 34-year-old male, to initiate the appropriate finger movements (as used in his daily work) in response to a visual stimulus, and by the recording and display of temporal reaction times, allowed him to quantify and improve his alacrity. Comparisons between pre- and post-training data showed thatthe patientsignificantly reduced both the number of moves required and the time taken to complete a game. The study convincingly demonstrates that individually “tailored” and extensively practised training procedures can reduce functional deficits and even enable full occupational rehabilitation.
Stress, the quality of work, and repetition strain injury in Australia

Abstract Widespread concern developed in the 1980s in Australia about repetition injuries among keyboard operators, particularly in the Australian Public Service. Government departments were found to vary in their injury rates and this research seeks to explain the variation. It is hypothesized that it is associated with differences in job stress or, more generally, the quality of work. A survey was carried out, using the Insel and Moo Work Environment Scale and certain other job stress variables and the hypothesis was confirmed. The paper draws conclusions about the need to redesign jobs in order to reduce the risk of repetition injuries.
Classification and Motif Extraction of Glycans in Bloods

Glycans are an important class of biological macromolecules in addition to DNAs and proteins. Actually, glycans play key roles in cellular functions including cell-cell communications, protein interactions and immunity. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive analysis on comparative glycomics using glycan structures stored in the KEGG/GLYCAN database [2]. First, we developed a new similarity measure for comparing glycan structures and tested its ability to classify glycans of different blood components in the framework of Support Vector Machine (SVM). The result shows that our method successfully classified glycans from different human blood cells. Next, we extracted characteristic functional units (motifs) of glycans suspected to be substructures specific to each blood component. Finally, we conducted an experiment based on agglutination assay in order to verify the result of our prediction, and we confirmed that the fungal lectin specifically recognized the glycan motif predicted by our method.
Using a Support Vector Machine to Analyze a DNA Microarray

A DNA microarray is a small silicon chip that is covered with thousands of spots of DNA of known sequence. Biologists use microarrays to study gene expression patterns in a wide range of medical and scientific applications. Analysis of microarrays has led to discovery of genomic patterns that distinguish cancerous from non-cancerous cells. Other researchers have used microarrays to identify the genes in the brains of fish that are associated with certain kinds of mating behavior. Microarray data sets are very large and can only be analyzed with the help of computers. A support vector machine (SVM) is a powerful machine learning technique that is used in a variety of data mining applications, including the analysis of DNA microarrays.
Student teachers’ opinion of the pastoral role module in a Postgraduate Certificate in Education programme

Abstract The Norms and Standards for Educators (2000) recognises a well-defined community, citizenship and pastoral role as one of seven roles of a competent and qualified educator. In 2005 a module dealing with the pastoral role was introduced as part of the Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE – Senior Phase and FET) programme in the institution under study. The aim of this article is to report the outcomes of an empirical study of student teachers’ opinion on the module. A group-administered questionnaire was used to determine student teachers’ opinion regarding the extent and the adequacy of the module to prepare them for their future pastoral role. The student teachers have an overall positive opinion of the module. Grove's pastoral community model is put forward to enhance the quality of the pastoral role training provided in the programme.
An approach for node identification and key management in sensor grids

Security of sensor grids is important especially for surveillance, military and medical applications. The paper addresses methods for two security features. First, an approach for generation of very strong geographically unique identifiers is proposed that is based on cryptography hashing. Second, symmetric key establishment method for every internode communication session is presented. Implementation results are given for ARM8 and AVR32 CPU. The results show that the methods are suitable for nodes with restricted computational and memory resources.
Early Risk Factors for Speech and Language Impairments

Developmental epidemiological methods were used to identify risk factors for speech impairment (SI), specific language impairment (SLI), and combined speech and language impairment (CSLI) in a statewide sample of preschool-age children. Level of risk was determined by comparing the rate of occurrence of factors between 12,799 children with SI, SLI, or CSLI and a comparison group of 946,177 children. Multiple birth, presence of a newborn condition, presence of a congenital abnormality, maternal age greater than 35 years, and presence of a maternal medical history factor were associated with increased risk for SI, SLI, and CSLI. Prematurity and very low birthweight were significant risk factors for SLI and CSLI but not for SI. Prenatal exposure to alcohol was a significant risk factor for SI but not SLI and CSLI. Low maternal education and unwed marital status were associated with a decreased risk for speech and/or language impairments, indicating a potential identification bias. The study presented here demonstrates the potential for identifying children at birth who are at increased risk for speech and language impairments.
Involvement of APO2 ligand/TRAIL in activation‐induced death of Jurkat and human peripheral blood T cells

The interaction of Fas with Fas ligand (FasL) mediates activation‐induced cell death (AICD) of T hybridomas and of mature T lymphocytes. The TNF/TNF receptor system also plays a significant role in AICD of mature T cells and in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. We previously demonstrated that in human Jurkat leukemia cells, AICD is triggered mainly by the rapid release of preformed FasL upon TCR stimulation. In the present work, we show that the cytotoxic cytokine APO2 ligand (APO2L; also known as TRAIL) is constitutively expressed as an intracytoplasmic protein in Jurkat T cells and derived sublines. APO2L is also detected in fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a significant number of donors, and the amount of both FasL and APO2L substantially increases upon blast generation. A neutralizing anti‐APO2L monoclonal antibody (mAb) partially suppresses the cytotoxicity induced by supernatants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐prestimulated Jurkat or human PBMC on non‐activated Jurkat cells, indicating that APO2L is released by these cells and contributes to AICD. A combination of neutralizing anti‐APO2L and anti‐Fas mAb blocks around 60 % of the toxicity associated with supernatants from PHA‐activated human PBMC. These results show that FasL and APO2L account for the majority of cytotoxic activity released during AICD, and suggest that additional uncharacterized factors may also contribute to this process.
THE ICONICITY OF GRAMMAR: ISOMORPHISM AND MOTIVATION

relates them may be diagrammatically iconic in two ways: (a) by isomorphism, a bi-unique correspondence tends to be established between signans and signatum; (b) by motivation, the structure of language directly reflects some aspect of the structure of reality. Isomorphism is so nearly universal that deviations from it require explanation. Motivation, although widespread, establishes a typology of languages, as indicated in Saussure's Cours. The evidence of artificial taboo languages suggests that degree of motivation co-varies inversely with the number of 'prima onomata' in the lexicon. *
The effects of teacher factors on different outcomes: two studies testing the validity of the dynamic model

This paper investigates the extent to which the teacher factors of the dynamic model are associated with achievement in language and mathematics at the end of pre‐primary and at the end of primary education. Stratified sampling was used to select 52 primary and 76 pre‐primary schools in Cyprus. All the students who attended the last year of the school sample were chosen. In each study, student skills in language and mathematics were measured at the beginning and at the end of school year. Quality of teaching was measured by independent observers. Almost all factors were found to be associated with achievement in language and mathematics at both phases of schooling, supporting their generic nature. Two factors (teaching modelling and orientation) were found to be associated with achievement in mathematics and language of primary students only. Differential effects of two factors (application and assessment) upon these two groups of students were identified. Implications for the development of educational e.
III-V and III-nitride nanowires for LED applications

Semiconductor nanowires can be grown with a high degree of perfection and they start to find their use into various kinds of device applications. Research on the growth of nanowires has led to many unique opportunities, such as a high degree of freedom in combining different semiconductors into 3D heterostructures [1]. Interesting nanowire-specific challenges are also dealt with, such as the ambiguity in the stacking sequence in grown nanowires, easily leading to mixtures of cubic (zinc-blende) and hexagonal (wurtzite) structures. I will present the present degree of control of growth of specific crystalline structures [2] and top-down guided bottom-up, or self-assembly, of ideal arrays of designed nanowires [3]. I will also give examples of growth of ideal heterostructures for basic physics as well as for device applications [4], including opportunities for growth of compound nanowires on silicon substrates [5].
A cognitive neurobiology of violence? (Introduction to 2 book reviews and a reply)

In this edition of the journal we publish extended reviews of Adrian Raine’s reissued text The Psychopathology of Crime. This is especially timely as there is increasing debate regarding the extent to which aggression, violence and ‘‘wrong-doing’’ may be construed as the legitimate concerns of psychiatry. Raine’s thesis is that recidivistic offending may be conceptualized as a mental disorder, on the basis of its resemblance to more ‘‘established’’ disorders (e.g., schizophrenia), and that this may open the door to rational ‘‘treatment’’. Our reviewers take opposing positions; Mairead Dolan being more or less in agreement with Raine, while Christopher Cordess opposes what he sees as the reductionism of this approach. In the spirit of true debate we publish Raine’s reply to his reviewers. There are immense practical implications arising from Raine’s approach and these may be seen as encompassing recent events in Britain. The Labour government’s recent white paper, Reforming the Mental Health Act, has been widely debated because of its proposal that psychiatrists should detain ‘‘dangerous people with severe personality disorder’’ (Department of Health, 2000) before they have committed any offence and with a view to treating their behaviours. Much of the concern that has been expressed has been ‘‘ethical’’ in tone: isn’t it wrong to incarcerate people who are innocent? Are psychiatrists to become the agents of social control (as some have argued we already are)? I think that there is another view that has not been widely expressed; namely, that psychiatry is being hoist by its own petard. We are used to reading accounts of psychodynamic treatments of personality disorder (PD) that claim they are effective (particularly in the therapeutic community milieu); and we have seen reports from the ‘‘biological’’ end of psychiatry, that those with PD have organic brain abnormalities (one might include here the work of Raine, Damasio and others; e.g., Raine et al., 2000). Given these findings, would it not be surprising if any democratically-elected government did not ask psychiatrists to
Trust-Enabled Link Spoofing Detection in MANET

Ad hoc networks operate over open environments and are hence vulnerable to a large body of threats. To tackle this issue, we propose a distributed, signature-based anomaly detector that evaluates the trustworthiness of others so as to secure such a distributed detection. Contrary to existing detectors that passively observe packets, our detector analyses logs so as to identify patterns of misuse and proactively collaborate with others to gather additional evidences. As a result, no change is requested in the implementation of the node. The main challenge stems from difficulty involved in stating the occurrence of an attack based on second-hands evidences that may come from colluding attacker (s). To tackle this issue, we propose an entropy-based trust system that evaluates the trustworthiness of the nodes that provide the evidences. We further introduce a novel indicator which measures the level of confidence in the detection. Preliminary evaluations of the trust system along with the confidence measure have been conducted.
A system for evaluating performance and cost of SIMD array designs

SIMD arrays are likely to become increasingly important as coprocessors in domain specific systems as architects continue to leverage RAM technology in their design. The problem this work addresses is the evaluation of SIMD arrays with respect to complex applications while accounting for operating frequency and chip area. The method we use is to bridge the gap between architecture-level and EDA-level modeling by using an EDA-based tool to calibrate architectural simulations. The resulting system retains much of the high throughput of the architecture-level simulator but also has accuracy similar to that of an early pass EDA synthesis and circuit simulation. We have used our system to evaluate hundreds of potential SIMD array designs with respect to real applications. Some of the results were surprising: the slowdown caused by underutilized resources was significantly more than we had anticipated.