Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of disfluency patterns in normal and stuttered speech

While speech disfluencies are commonly found in every speaker’s speech, stuttering is a language disorder characterized by an abnormally high rate of speech aberrations, including prolongation, cessation, and repetition of speech segments [5]. However, despite the obvious differences between stuttered and normal speech, identifying the crucial qualities that identify stuttered speech remains a significant challenge. A story-telling task was presented to four stutterers and four non-stutterers in order to analyze the prosodic patterns that surfaced from their spontaneous narrations. Preliminary results revealed that the major difference between stutterers’ and non-stutterers’ disfluencies —aside from the total number—is the type of disfluency and the context affected by the disfluency. Disfluencies in both groups included prolongation, pause and cut, but stutterers’ disfluencies also include repetition and combinations of the three (e.g., cut followed by pause). In addition, stutterers’ disfluencies were accompanied by more prosodic irregularities (e.g. pitch accent on function words, creating a prosodic break with degraded phonetic cues) prior to the actual disfluency than non-stutterers’ disfluencies, indirectly supporting the overvigilant self-monitoring hypothesis [14, 16, 17].
Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Typhoid Fever

ABSTRACT Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever requires isolation and identification of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. In many areas where this disease is endemic, laboratory capability is limited. Recent advances in molecular immunology have led to the identification of sensitive and specific markers for typhoid fever and technology to manufacture practical and inexpensive kits for their rapid detection. We evaluated three commercial kits for serologic diagnosis of typhoid fever. Patients presenting with ≥ 4 days of fever were enrolled at two hospitals in Southern Vietnam. Cases were patients with serotype Typhi isolated from blood samples, and controls were patients with other laboratory-confirmed illnesses. Serotype Typhi isolates were confirmed and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility at the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City. The Widal test was run at the hospitals and the Pasteur Institute. Sera were shipped frozen to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and tested by using Multi-Test Dip-S-Ticks, TyphiDot, and TUBEX to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG and IgM, and IgM, respectively. Package insert protocol instructions were followed. We enrolled 59 patients and 21 controls. The sensitivity and specificity findings were as follows: 89 and 53% for Multi-Test Dip-S-Ticks, 79 and 89% for TyphiDot, 78 and 89% for TUBEX, and 64 and 76% for Widal testing in hospitals and 61% and 100% for Widal testing at the Pasteur Institute. For all assays, the sensitivity was highest in the second week of illness. The Widal test was insensitive and displayed interoperator variability. Two rapid kits, TyphiDot and TUBEX, demonstrated promising results.
A Study on the Influence of Dimensions of Learning Organization to Job Satisfaction: Mediating Effect of Job Embeddedness

The main purpose of the stuey is the impacts of applying two dimensions of Learning Organization on Job Satisfaction and the mediating effect of the Job Embeddedness. As a result, Structural Factor had not positive effect and Human Factor had positive effect on the Job Satisfaction. The mediating effect of Job Embeddedness had significant effect between Learning Organization and Job Satisfaction. The result of this study is not presented at the existing research. Therefore, the results have many theoretical and practical implications.
Asynchronous Parallel Schemes: a Survey

It is well known that synchronization and communication delays are the major sources of performance degradation of synchronous parallel algorithms. It has been shown that asynchronous implementations have the potential to reduce the overhead to minimum. This paper surveys the existing asynchronous schemes and the suucient conditions for the convergence of the surveyed schemes. Some comparisons among these schemes are also presented.
Preexposure prophylaxis and timed intercourse for HIV-discordant couples willing to conceive a child

Many HIV-discordant couples express a strong wish to conceive a child. Insemination with processed semen is offered to these couples in many countries. Given the very low level of transmission risk during fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy, we offered timed intercourse combined with preexposure prophylaxis to further reduce the transmission risk. In 53 cases, natural conception was attempted using the proposed method. Pregnancy rates were high and reached a plateau of 75% after six cycles. Advanced age in the female partner was a predictor for infertility in these couples.
Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 22 Interacts with Class II Transactivator and Orchestrates Its Recruitment in Nuclear Bodies Containing TRIM19/PML and Cyclin T1

Among interferon (IFN) inducible antiviral factors both tripartite motif-containing protein 22 (TRIM22) and class II transactivator (CIITA) share the capacity of repressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral transcription. TRIM22 is constitutively expressed in a subset of U937 cell clones poorly permissive to HIV-1 replication, whereas CIITA has been shown to inhibit virus multiplication in both T lymphocytic and myeloid cells, including poorly HIV-1 permissive U937 cells, by suppressing Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV-1 transcription. Therefore, we tested whether TRIM22 and CIITA could form a nuclear complex potentially endowed with HIV-1 repressive functions. Indeed, we observed that TRIM22, independent of its E3 ubiquitin ligase domain, interacts with CIITA and promotes its recruitment into nuclear bodies. Importantly, TRIM19/promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, another repressor of HIV-1 transcription also acting before proviral integration, colocalize in these nuclear bodies upon TRIM22 expression induced by IFN-γ. Finally, tTRIM22 nuclear bodies also contained CyclinT1, a crucial elongation factor of HIV-1 primary transcripts. These findings show that TRIM22 nuclear bodies are a site of recruitment of factors crucial for the regulation of HIV-1 transcription and highlight the potential existence of a concerted action between TRIM22, CIITA, and TRIM19/PML to maintain a state of proviral latency, at least in myeloid cells.
New insights into pharmacological tools to TR(i)P cancer up

The aim of this review is to address the recent advances regarding the use of pharmacological agents to target transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in cancer and their potential application in therapeutics. Physiologically, TRP channels are responsible for cation entry (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+) in many mammalian cells and regulate a large number of cellular functions. However, dysfunction in channel expression and/or activity can be linked to human diseases like cancer. Indeed, there is growing evidence that TRP channel expression is altered in cancer tissues in comparison with normal ones. Moreover, these proteins are involved in many cancerous processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, as well as resistance to chemotherapy. Among the TRP superfamily, TRPC, TRPV, TRPM and TRPA1 have been shown to play a role in many cancer types, including breast, digestive, gliomal, head and neck, lung and prostate cancers. Pharmacological modulators are used to characterize the functional implications of TRP channels in whole‐cell membrane currents, resting membrane potential regulation and intracellular Ca2+ signalling. Moreover, pharmacological modulation of TRP activity in cancer cells is systematically linked to the effect on cancerous processes (proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs). Here we describe the effects of such TRP modulators on TRP activity and cancer cell phenotype. Furthermore, the potency and specificity of these agents will be discussed, as well as the development of new strategies for targeting TRP channels in cancer.
Synchronizing the Market Entry, Production, and Pricing Strategies for Co-Products

We model a situation in which the manufacturer generates two co-products in a single process with fixed ratio. The overall production quantity is based on the prime (high profit margin) product. However, the sales of the by-product would alleviate the average production cost and generate more profit. Prior to the selling season, he determines the two strategies: 1. the production quantity for the co-products; 2. the number of alternative markets to enter for the by-product. After that, he allocates the by-product in each market. During the season when both demands are realized, he supplies the demand of the prime product with the on-hand inventory, enduring possible overage and underage cost while he would sell the by-product in each market with a market clearing price. Our paper aims to analyze the optimal strategies in such an environment. We find the production quantity and the optimal market number are uniquely determined. Finally, we demonstrate the effects of various parameters on these strategies.
An introduction to cryptanalysis

Cryptanalysis is defined as the process of attempting to find a shortcut method, not envisioned by the designer, for decrypting an enciphered message when the key used to encrypt the message is not known. As an example, this paper cryptanalyzes a simple substitution cipher. The methods of cryptanalysis used are the chosen-plaintext attack, the known-plaintext attack, and the ciphertext-only attack, which are defined and discussed in the paper.
Acute myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus: lessons learned from ACE inhibition.

Diabetes mellitus affects ≈6% of the US population but is present in as many as 30% of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes. It has been recognized for some time that diabetics experience a greater mortality during the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) and a higher morbidity in the postinfarction period (see recent reviews in References 1 and 21 2 ). Before the advent of coronary care as we know it today, mortality among diabetic patients in MI was reported to be as high as 40%3 and at least double the mortality rate in patients without diabetes. More extensive coronary artery disease, additional cardiovascular risk factors, and other end-organ disease were thought to be largely responsible for this major difference in outcome. Current treatment of acute MI derived from large clinical trials has dramatically improved survival in both nondiabetic and diabetic patients. However, despite these improvements, diabetes still doubles the case-fatality rate. In the GUSTO-1 angiography substudy report,4 this twofold increase in relative risk of 30-day mortality persisted even after adjustment for the factors cited above. What is this “diabetic factor”? It is in this context that new information on this topic must be evaluated. In the December 16, 1997, issue of Circulation , the GISSI-3 investigators compare the effect of early administration (within 24 hours of admission) of lisinopril in patients with and without diabetes mellitus in MI.5 Compared with placebo, lisinopril dramatically reduced both 6-week and 6-month mortality in diabetics versus nondiabetics (6 weeks, 30% versus 5% and 6 months, 20% and 0%, respectively). Furthermore, the incidence of drug-related adverse effects was similar between the two groups within the blood pressure and renal function parameters used in that study. This experience, along with the subgroup analyses of SAVE6 and TRACE,7 should …
You Look Human, But Act Like a Machine: Agent Appearance and Behavior Modulate Different Aspects of Human–Robot Interaction

Gaze following occurs automatically in social interactions, but the degree to which gaze is followed depends on whether an agent is perceived to have a mind, making its behavior socially more relevant for the interaction. Mind perception also modulates the attitudes we have toward others, and determines the degree of empathy, prosociality, and morality invested in social interactions. Seeing mind in others is not exclusive to human agents, but mind can also be ascribed to non-human agents like robots, as long as their appearance and/or behavior allows them to be perceived as intentional beings. Previous studies have shown that human appearance and reliable behavior induce mind perception to robot agents, and positively affect attitudes and performance in human–robot interaction. What has not been investigated so far is whether different triggers of mind perception have an independent or interactive effect on attitudes and performance in human–robot interaction. We examine this question by manipulating agent appearance (human vs. robot) and behavior (reliable vs. random) within the same paradigm and examine how congruent (human/reliable vs. robot/random) versus incongruent (human/random vs. robot/reliable) combinations of these triggers affect performance (i.e., gaze following) and attitudes (i.e., agent ratings) in human–robot interaction. The results show that both appearance and behavior affect human–robot interaction but that the two triggers seem to operate in isolation, with appearance more strongly impacting attitudes, and behavior more strongly affecting performance. The implications of these findings for human–robot interaction are discussed.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of SrLaMnSbO6: A New B-Site Ordered Double Perovskite

The synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic property studies of SrLaMnSbO6 double perovskite oxide are reported. The crystal structure of SrLaMnSbO6 has been solved by powder X-ray (PXD) and neutron diffraction (NPD) data in the monoclinic space group P21/n (a = 5.6878(3) A, b = 5.6990(2) A, c = 8.0499(4) A and β = 89.98(2)°; 295 K, NPD data). The Mn and Sb atoms are nearly completely ordered over the B-site of the perovskite structure. The octahedral framework displays significant tilting distortion according to the Glazer’s tilt system a−a−c+. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopic (XAS) studies show the presence of Mn2+ and Sb5+ formal oxidation states. The magnetic susceptibility data of SrLaMnSbO6 indicate the presence of ferromagnetic correlations; the calculated effective paramagnetic moment, μcalcd = 5.92 μB (for HS Mn2+(3d5), S = 5/2; as evidenced by XAS data) is in good agreement with the value obtained experimentally (μexp = 5.70 μB). Variable temperature neutron diffraction data.
Pains, Gains and PLCs: Ten Lessons from Building an Industrial Control Systems Testbed for Security Research

Recent years have seen a number of cyber attacks targeting Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). Reports detailing the findings from such attacks vary in detail. Handson experimental research is, therefore, required to better understand and explore security challenges in ICSs. However, real-world production systems are often offlimits due to the potential impact such research could have on operational processes and, in turn, safety. On the other hand, software-based simulations cannot always reflect all the potential device/system states due to over-simplified assumptions when modelling the hardware in question. As a result, laboratory-based ICS testbeds have become a key tool for research on ICS security. Development of such a testbed is a costly, labour - and timeintensive activity that must balance a range of design considerations, e.g., diversity of hardware and software platforms against scalability and complexity. Yet there is little coverage in existing literature on such design considerations, their implications and how to avoid typical pitfalls. Each group of researchers embarks on this journey from scratch, learning through a painful process of trial and error. In this paper we address this gap by reflecting on over 3 years of experience of building an extensive ICS testbed with a range of devices (e.g., PLCs, HMIs, RTUs) and software. We discuss the architecture of our testbed and reflect on our experience of addressing issues of diversity, scalability and complexity and design choices to manage trade-offs amongst these properties.
INITIAL SEGMENTS OF THE ${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^0 $ ENUMERATION DEGREES

Abstract Using properties of ${\cal K}$-pairs of sets, we show that every nonzero enumeration degree a bounds a nontrivial initial segment of enumeration degrees whose nonzero elements have all the same jump as a. Some consequences of this fact are derived, that hold in the local structure of the enumeration degrees, including: There is an initial segment of enumeration degrees, whose nonzero elements are all high; there is a nonsplitting high enumeration degree; every noncappable enumeration degree is high; every nonzero low enumeration degree can be capped by degrees of any possible local jump (i.e., any jump that can be realized by enumeration degrees of the local structure); every enumeration degree that bounds a nonzero element of strictly smaller jump, is bounding; every low enumeration degree below a non low enumeration degree a can be capped below a.
Grey Relational Analysis on Technology Input and Economic Growth: Evidence from Henan Province in China

Based on the statistics during the period from 2000 to 2008 released by Henan Statistical Bureau in China, this paper applied the grey relational analysis to analyze the relationship between technology input including scientists and technicians and expenditure for science and technology and economic growth. After detailed research, some results have been concluded for Henan province, the first of which is the relationship between technology input and economic growth during the period from 2000 to 2008 is very close, and the technology input is main causation that brings about economic growth, the second of which is that in order to promote the economic growth, we have to pay fully attention to not only the total amount of scientists and technicians, but the expenditure for science and technology.
Hunting Obfuscated Malwares by Abstract Interpretation

The Problem. A malware is a program with a malicious behaviour, that is designed to replicate with no user consent and to damage software and/or data on infected machines. Malwares are generally classified according to their goals and propagation methods into viruses, worms, backdoors, Trojans, etc. A malware detector is a system that attempts to verify whether a program presents a malicious behaviour or not. The design of efficient malware detectors is crucial for preventing serious damages caused by malware infection. Current malware detectors (e.g. commercial virus scanners) in general rely on static signature matching and, more recently, on dynamic analyses [9]. The dynamic approach executes the potentially infected program in a controlled environment (sandbox) thus performing a run-time verification of malicious behaviours. However, smart malwares may foil a dynamic analysis by modifying their behaviour when executed in a sandbox. Static signature matching classifies a program P as infected by a malware M when an instruction sequence of P matches the characteristic instruction sequence of M . Malware writers frequently use obfuscation to prevent signature matching detection. Code obfuscation [3] consists in syntactically transforming a program while maintaining its functional behaviour. Recent results [1] show that static signature matching can be defeated using simple obfuscating techniques, including code transposition, substitution of equivalent instruction sequences, opaque predicate insertion and variable renaming. Thus, the signature matching methodology is not resilient to slight modifications of malwares and needs a frequently updated database of malware signatures (one for each version of the malware). The reason way obfuscation can easily foil signature matching lies in the syntactic nature of this approach that ignores program functionality. Program behaviours are precisely described by formal semantics, so that facing the malware detection problem from a semantic point of view could lead to a more resilient detection system. Preliminary work [2] on semantics-aware malware detectors confirms the potential benefits of a semantic approach. Our goal is to provide a semantic characterization of malware infection to be used as a basis for designing malware detectors that are resilient to most commonly used obfuscating techniques.
Person Perception and Courtship Progress among Premarital Couples

Predicated on the belief that person perception was related to courtship progress and that men are more important to courtship progress than women, a college sample of 98 premarital couples received a shortened form of the Marital Expectation Test taken under eight different "sets": self, ideal-self, ideal-spouse, partner; how partner perceives you, his ideal-spouse, himself, and his ideal-self Hypotheses predicted that six months later Ss making good courtship progress would be those who earlier had confirmed their partners' self and ideal-self concepts and also accurately predicted these concepts. It was also predicted that the man is a more important perceptual target than the woman. Hypotheses were essentially confirmed.
A theory of unstructured bargaining using distribution-valued solution concepts

In experiments it is typically found that many joint utility outcomes arise in any given unstructured bargaining game. This suggests using a positive unstructured bargaining concept that maps a bargaining game to a probability distribution over outcomes rather than to a single outcome. We show how to "translate" Nash's bargaining axioms to apply to such distributional bargaining concepts. We then prove that a subset of those axioms forces the distribution over outcomes to be a power-law. Unlike Nash's original result, our result holds even if the feasible set is finite. When the feasible set is convex and comprehensive, the mode of the power law distribution is the Harsanyi bargaining solution, and if we require symmetry it is the Nash bargaining solution. However in general these modes of the joint utility distribution are not Bayes-optimal predictions for the joint uitlity, nor are the bargains corresponding to those outcomes the most likely bargains. We then show how an external regulator can use distributional solution concepts to optimally design an unstructured bargaining scenario. Throughout we demonstrate our analysis in computational experiments involving flight rerouting negotiations in the National Airspace System.
Transcriptome Analyses of the Honeybee Response to Nosema ceranae and Insecticides

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are constantly exposed to a wide variety of environmental stressors such as parasites and pesticides. Among them, Nosema ceranae and neurotoxic insecticides might act in combination and lead to a higher honeybee mortality. We investigated the molecular response of honeybees exposed to N. ceranae, to insecticides (fipronil or imidacloprid), and to a combination of both stressors. Midgut transcriptional changes induced by these stressors were measured in two independent experiments combining a global RNA-Seq transcriptomic approach with the screening of the expression of selected genes by quantitative RT-PCR. Although N. ceranae-insecticide combinations induced a significant increase in honeybee mortality, we observed that they did not lead to a synergistic effect. According to gene expression profiles, chronic exposure to insecticides had no significant impact on detoxifying genes but repressed the expression of immunity-related genes. Honeybees treated with N. ceranae, alone or in combination with an insecticide, showed a strong alteration of midgut immunity together with modifications affecting cuticle coatings and trehalose metabolism. An increasing impact of treatments on gene expression profiles with time was identified suggesting an absence of stress recovery which could be linked to the higher mortality rates observed.