Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal Diverse Image Completion Supplementary Material

Models and training time All the generators and discriminators are composed of 5 convolutional blocks consisting of conv-BN-LeakyReLU. The last block of the discriminator does not include an activation layer and the activation layer of the last block in the generator is Tanh instead of LeakyReLU. The slope of the Leaky-ReLU for negative values is 0.2. Our models (both generator and discriminator) consist of 32 channels in the first 4 scales. Every 4 scales the number of channels is increased by a factor of 2. At scales where the number of channels is modified (first and every 4th scale) we initialize the convolution weights and biases with normal distribution with mean=0 and std=0.02. At all other scales, the weights and biases are initialized with those from the previous scale. Training takes about 2 hours on a Quadro RTX 8000 GPU for an image size of 193× 256 and generating a new sample at inference takes less than a second per image.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF THORACOLUMBAR FRACTURES TREATED BY SHORT SEGMENT STABILIZATION WITH OR WITHOUT CEMENT AUGMENTATION

Background: To evaluate the functional outcome of short segment fixation with or without Cement Augmentation in a patient suffering from fractures of thoracolumbar spine. Materials and Methods: 7It was A Prospective Observational Study, conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Medical Sciences& SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, a total 30 Patients with diagnosis of fracture of Thoraco-lumbar Spine admitted in our hospital during the study period June 2021 to December 2022, were enrolled for the study. Results: In our study L2 vertebra was involved in 33.3% (10 cases). L1 vertebra was involved in about 20% (6 cases) and D12 was involved in 20% (6 cases). D11 and L3 vertebra was involved in 13.3% (4 cases each) of cases. In the present study 5 (16.7%) of our patients had complete neurological deficit while 15 (50%) had incomplete neurological deficit and 10 (33.3%) patients were neurologically intact. the time of admission 4 (13.3%) patients were presented with grade A of ASIA scoring, ASIA scoring B, C, D, and E was observed in 3 (10%), 6 (20%), 8 (26.7%) and 9 (30%) cases respectively. None of the patients deteriorated neurologically in this study. None of the patient in the present study was completely disabled. Conclusion: The observation of the present study suggests that Short segment fixation with or without cement augmentation preserves the motion segment well, improves functional outcome and rehabilitate the patients with minimal surgical morbidity. It also provides better outcome in terms of Denis pain score and work scale as well. However in patients with ASIA type A neurological deficits the procedure did not improve neurological status but it helped to stabilize and early mobilization of patient.
A Neighborhood Framework for Resource-Lean Content Flagging

We propose a novel framework for cross- lingual content flagging with limited target- language data, which significantly outperforms prior work in terms of predictive performance. The framework is based on a nearest-neighbor architecture. It is a modern instantiation of the vanilla k-nearest neighbor model, as we use Transformer representations in all its components. Our framework can adapt to new source- language instances, without the need to be retrained from scratch. Unlike prior work on neighborhood-based approaches, we encode the neighborhood information based on query– neighbor interactions. We propose two encoding schemes and we show their effectiveness using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Our evaluation results on eight languages from two different datasets for abusive language detection show sizable improvements of up to 9.5 F1 points absolute (for Italian) over strong baselines. On average, we achieve 3.6 absolute F1 points of improvement for the three languages in the Jigsaw Multilingual dataset and 2.14 points for the WUL dataset.
An siRNA screen for ATG protein depletion reveals the extent of the unconventional functions of the autophagy proteome in virus replication

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved transport pathway required for the degradation of long-lived proteins and organelles and thus is essential for the maintenance of cell homeostasis (Levine and Klionsky, 2004; Shintani and Klionsky, 2004; Mizushima et al., 2008). Autophagy is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that sequester cytoplasmic components and deliver them into lysosomes (Levine and Klionsky, 2004; Kawamata et al., 2008). Autophagy is active at basal level in every eukaryotic cell and can be enhanced by several cellular stresses, including nutrient starvation (Kroemer et al., 2010) or pathogen invasions (Levine et al., 2011). Autophagosome biogenesis is orchestrated by the autophagyrelated (ATG) proteins, which have been subdivided in functional clusters of genes mainly based on physical interactions (He and Klionsky, 2009). One of them is the ULK complex, which consists of the ULK1 (or ULK2) kinase, ATG13, FIP200, and ATG101, and it is at the terminus of several signaling cascades that positively or negatively regulate autophagy (Wong et al., 2013). Stimulation of ULK1 activity initiates the assembly of the autophagy machinery at the site where autophagosomes will emerge, which is often in close proximity of the ER (Axe et al., 2008). This assembly involves the recruitment of additional functional clusters of proteins, including ATG9A and an autophagy-specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex class III (Yang and Klionsky, 2010), that generates phosphatidylinositol3-phosphate on autophagosomal membranes, promoting the Autophagy is a catabolic process regulated by the orchestrated action of the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Recent work indicates that some of the ATG proteins also have autophagy-independent roles. Using an unbiased siRNA screen approach, we explored the extent of these unconventional functions of ATG proteins. We determined the effects of the depletion of each ATG proteome component on the replication of six different viruses. Our screen reveals that up to 36% of the ATG proteins significantly alter the replication of at least one virus in an unconventional fashion. Detailed analysis of two candidates revealed an undocumented role for ATG13 and FIP200 in picornavirus replication that is independent of their function in autophagy as part of the ULK complex. The high numbers of unveiled ATG gene-specific and pathogenspecific functions of the ATG proteins calls for caution in the interpretation of data, which rely solely on the depletion of a single ATG protein to specifically ablate autophagy. An siRNA screen for ATG protein depletion reveals the extent of the unconventional functions of the autophagy proteome in virus replication
ssessment of catastrophe risk and potential losses in industry

This paper describes the potential contribution of near-miss management systems to improving company profitability and reducing the frequency and severity of major industrial accidents. The near-miss concept has long been understood in different industries, as examples in this paper illustrate. However, what has been largely missing is the integration of near-miss management into the culture and day to day operations in a manner that underlines the critical connections between near-misses and behavior. Often,
Generating synthetic data using REaLTabFormer, and assessing the probabilistic measure of statistical disclosure risk

This paper introduces two implementations of REaLTabFormer, a GPT-based transformer model designed for generating synthetic microdata, both relational and non-relational. We provide a concise overview of the model and evaluate its performance using a benchmark dataset provided by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Furthermore, we utilize training data from diverse sources to create a synthetic census dataset for an imaginary country. This dataset serves to assess the accuracy of probabilistic statistical disclosure risk measures implemented in the sdcMicro and μ -Argus software applications. Finally, we propose an alternative approach to measure the risk, which harnesses a synthetic superpopulation.
A STUDY ON ASSOCIATION OF METABOLIC RISK FACTORS AND DEGREE OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS WITH RISE OF LIVER ENZYME

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disease from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis with or without cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in persons who lack secondary causes of liver fat accumulation such as significant alcohol consumption. The aim is to study the relationship between number of metabolic risk factors and degree of hepatic steatosis (according to CAP value) and rise of liver enzyme (ALT). Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Guwahati, Assam, India among NAFLD patients. We estimated prevalence of various metabolic risk factors such as overweight/obesity, waist circumference, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) & Dyslipidemia. Fibroscan was done to determine CAP value. Association between number of metabolic risk factors and rise in the level of liver enzyme (ALT) and presence of severe hepatic steatosis (defined by CAP ≥ 293dB/m) was calculated. Result: Study showed that significantly higher number of patients having all 3 metabolic risk factors (T2DM, dyslipidemia & Overweight/obesity) had raised ALT (≥ 50 U/L) as compared to patients having less than 3 risk factors (OR= 2.373, p= 0.0164). Similarly, presence of all 3 metabolic risk factors was significantly associated with presence of severe hepatic steatosis (CAP ≥ 293 dM/m) as compared to patients having less than 3 risk factors (OR = 2.811, p = 0126). Conclusion: Presence of more metabolic risk factors in patients with NAFLD had significant association with presence of severe hepatic steatosis and raised ALT levels.
Complexity Results and Exact Algorithms for Fair Division of Indivisible Items: A Survey

Fair allocation of indivisible goods is a central topic in many AI applications. Unfortunately, the corresponding problems are known to be NP-hard for many fairness concepts, so unless P = NP, exact polynomial-time algorithms cannot exist for them. In practical applications, however, it would be highly desirable to find exact solutions as quickly as possible. This motivates the study of algorithms that—even though they only run in exponential time—are as fast as possible and exactly solve such problems. We present known complexity results for them and give a survey of important techniques for designing such algorithms, mainly focusing on four common fairness notions: max-min fairness, maximin share, maximizing Nash social welfare, and envy-freeness. We also highlight the most challenging open problems for future work.
A Four-Year Study of Student Contributions to OSS vs. OSS4SG with a Lightweight Intervention

Modern software engineering practice and training increasingly rely on Open Source Software (OSS). The recent growth in demand for professional software engineers has led to increased contributions to, and usage of, OSS. However, there is limited understanding of the factors affecting how developers, and how new or student developers in particular, decide which OSS projects to contribute to, a process critical to OSS sustainability, access, adoption, and growth. To better understand OSS contributions from the developers of tomorrow, we conducted a four-year study with 1,361 students investigating the life cycle of their contributions (from project selection to pull request acceptance). During the study, we also delivered a lightweight intervention to promote the awareness of open source projects for social good (OSS4SG), OSS projects that have positive impacts in other domains. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyze student experience reports and the pull requests they submit. Compared to general OSS projects, we find significant differences in project selection (𝑝 < 0.0001, effect size = 0.84), student motivation (𝑝 < 0.01, effect size = 0.13), and increased pull-request acceptance rates for OSS4SG contributions. We also find that our intervention correlates with increased student contributions to OSS4SG (𝑝 < 0.0001, effect size = 0.38). Finally, we analyze correlations of factors such as gender or working with a partner. Our findings may help improve the experience for new developers participating in OSS4SG and the quality of their contributions. We also hope our work helps educators, project leaders, and contributors to build a mutually-beneficial framework for the future growth of OSS4SG.
Temporally controlled modulation of FGF/ERK signaling directs midbrain dopaminergic neural progenitor fate in mouse and human pluripotent stem cells

Effective induction of midbrain-specific dopamine (mDA) neurons from stem cells is fundamental for realizing their potential in biomedical applications relevant to Parkinson’s disease. During early development, the Otx2-positive neural tissues are patterned anterior-posteriorly to form the forebrain and midbrain under the influence of extracellular signaling such as FGF and Wnt. In the mesencephalon, sonic hedgehog (Shh) specifies a ventral progenitor fate in the floor plate region that later gives rise to mDA neurons. In this study, we systematically investigated the temporal actions of FGF signaling in mDA neuron fate specification of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells and mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. We show that a brief blockade of FGF signaling on exit of the lineage-primed epiblast pluripotent state initiates an early induction of Lmx1a and Foxa2 in nascent neural progenitors. In addition to inducing ventral midbrain characteristics, the FGF signaling blockade during neural induction also directs a midbrain fate in the anterior-posterior axis by suppressing caudalization as well as forebrain induction, leading to the maintenance of midbrain Otx2. Following a period of endogenous FGF signaling, subsequent enhancement of FGF signaling by Fgf8, in combination with Shh, promotes mDA neurogenesis and restricts alternative fates. Thus, a stepwise control of FGF signaling during distinct stages of stem cell neural fate conversion is crucial for reliable and highly efficient production of functional, authentic midbrain-specific dopaminergic neurons. Importantly, we provide evidence that this novel, small-molecule-based strategy applies to both mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.
SOX2 maintains the quiescent progenitor cell state of postnatal retinal Müller glia

Within discrete regions of the developing mammalian central nervous system, small subsets of glia become specialized to function as neural stem cells. As a result of their self-renewal and neurogenic capacity, these cells later serve to replenish neurons and glia during persistent or injury-induced adult neurogenesis. SOX2, an HMG box transcription factor, plays an essential role in the maintenance of both embryonic and adult neural progenitors. It is unclear, however, which biological mechanisms regulated by SOX2 are required for neural stem cell maintenance. In this study, we address this question through genetic analysis of SOX2 function in differentiating postnatal Müller glia, a cell type that maintains neurogenic capacity in the adult retina. By utilizing molecular analysis and real-time imaging, we show that two progenitor characteristics of nascent Müller glia - their radial morphology and cell cycle quiescence - are disrupted following conditional genetic ablation of Sox2 in the mouse postnatal retina, leading to Müller cell depletion and retinal degeneration. Moreover, we demonstrate that genetic induction of the Notch signaling pathway restores Müller glial cell identity to Sox2 mutant cells, but does not secure their quiescent state. Collectively, these results uncouple the roles of SOX2 and the Notch signaling pathway in the postnatal retina, and uncover a novel role for SOX2 in preventing the depletion of postnatal Müller glia through terminal cell division.
miR-18, a member of Oncomir-1, targets heat shock transcription factor 2 in spermatogenesis

miR-18 belongs to the Oncomir-1 or miR-17~92 cluster that is intimately associated with the occurrence and progression of different types of cancer. However, the physiological roles of the Oncomir-1 cluster and its individual miRNAs are largely unknown. Here, we describe a novel function for miR-18 in mouse. We show that miR-18 directly targets heat shock factor 2 (HSF2), a transcription factor that influences a wide range of developmental processes including embryogenesis and gametogenesis. Furthermore, we show that miR-18 is highly abundant in testis, displaying distinct cell-type-specific expression during the epithelial cycle that constitutes spermatogenesis. Expression of HSF2 and of miR-18 exhibit an inverse correlation during spermatogenesis, indicating that, in germ cells, HSF2 is downregulated by miR-18. To investigate the in vivo function of miR-18 we developed a novel method, T-GIST, and demonstrate that inhibition of miR-18 in intact seminiferous tubules leads to increased HSF2 protein levels and altered expression of HSF2 target genes. Our results reveal that miR-18 regulates HSF2 activity in spermatogenesis and link miR-18 to HSF2-mediated physiological processes such as male germ cell maturation.
Polo-mediated phosphorylation of Maelstrom regulates oocyte determination during oogenesis in Drosophila

In Drosophila, Maelstrom is a conserved component of the perinuclear nuage, a germline-unique structure that appears to serve as a site for Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) production to repress deleterious transposons. Maelstrom also functions in the nucleus as a transcriptional regulator to repress the expression of microRNA-7, a process that is essential for the proper differentiation of germline stem cells. In this paper, we report another function of Maelstrom in regulating oocyte determination independently of its transposon silencing and germline stem cell differentiation activities. In Drosophila, the conserved serine 138 residue in Maelstrom is required for its phosphorylation, an event that promotes oocyte determination. Phosphorylation of Maelstrom is required for the repression of the pachytene checkpoint protein Sir2, but not for transposon silencing or for germline stem cell differentiation. We identify Polo as a kinase that mediates the phosphorylation of Maelstrom. Our results suggest that the Polo-mediated phosphorylation of Maelstrom may be a mechanism that controls oocyte determination by inactivating the pachytene checkpoint via the repression of Sir2 in Drosophila ovaries.
Distinguishing between debris flows and floods from field evidence in small watersheds

P ost-flood indirect measurement techniques to back-calculate flood magnitude are not valid for debris flows, which commonly occur in small steep watersheds during intense rainstorms. This is because debris flows can move much faster than floods in steep channel reaches and much slower than floods in low-gradient reaches. In addition, debris-flow deposition may drastically alter channel geometry in reaches where slope-area surveys are applied. Because high-discharge flows are seldom witnessed and automated samplers are commonly plugged or destroyed, determination of flow type often must be made on the basis of field evidence preserved at the site.
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Effect of Some Ayurvedic Vajikaran Rasayana Herbs on Heat Induced Testicular Damage in Male Albino Rats

Modern society is phased with a number of environmental and social stressors which may lead to one form of sexual dysfunction or the other. Global warming and exposure to heat is one such phenomenon. A study was conducted to determine the testicular damage in male rats following exposure to high temperatures and the preventive effect of some of Ayurvedic herbs known for their sexual health benefits (Vajikaran) against heat induced testicular damage. Scrotal sacs of male rats were subjected to a 15 min exposure by dipping in water bath maintained at 40± 2 deg C daily for 14 days. The histo-architecture and the overall spermatogenesis profile was considerably prevented in rats treated with lyophilized aqueous extracts of Asparagus racemosus Willd. , Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. F. , Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. , Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo and Orchis latifolia Linn. (200 mg/Kg b. w.) as compared to control group animals which were administered vehicle only. The differently treated groups were also subjected to evaluation of sexual behavior. The treatment with extracts results in significant amelioration of sexual behavior and the mount, intromission and ejaculatory latencies were significantly reduced while the frequencies for the same parameter were significantly restored in rats exposed to heat and treated with extracts as compared to heat exposed control group alone. Epididymal sperm count was reduced significantly in heat treated control group animals, whereas the extracts significantly prevented the decrease in sperm count in rats as compared to positive control group, exposed to heat. The results are therefore clear indication of the possible role of these herbs in protecting the genital organs against physical stresses viz. heat.
Technological Forecasting & Social Change

This article explores the potential of blockchain technology in enabling a new system of value that will better support the dynamics of social sharing. Our study begins with a discussion of the evolution of value perceptions in the history of economic thought. Starting with a view on value as a coordination mechanism that de ﬁ nes meaningful action within a certain context, we associate the price system with the establishment of capitalism and the industrial economy. We then discuss its relevance to the information economy, exhibited as the techno-economic context of the sharing economy, and identify new modalities of value creation that better re ﬂ ect the social relations of sharing. Through the illustrative case of Backfeed, a new system of value is envisioned, comprising three layers: (a) production of value; (b) record of value; and (c) actualisation of value. In this framework, we discuss the solutions featured by Backfeed and describe a conceptual economic model of blockchain-based decentralised cooperation. We conclude with a tentative scenario for blockchain technology that can enable the creation of commons-oriented ecosystems in a sharing economy.
Protecting Children in Cyberspace: The ICAC Task Force Program

We encourage parents, policymakers, and practitioners to use the information provided by this Bulletin to help create an Internet environment in which children can safely play, learn, and grow. or research online. A United Kingdom survey (NOP Research Group, Internet Surveys, United Kingdom, June 24, 1999) found that teenagers and children hold Internet users in high social esteem. Both youth who used the Internet and those who did not described Internet users as “clever,” “friendly,” “cool,” and “trendy. ” Given the growing reliance on the Internet for commerce, information, and personal fulfillment, it will probably continue to be an important factor in how children learn and grow. Indeed, some educators believe that children who become familiar with online technology while growing up will lead fuller lives and compete more successfully for careers in the Information Age.