Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupling of the phosphatase activity of Ci‐VSP to its voltage sensor activity over the entire range of voltage sensitivity

Non‐technical summary Ci‐VSP is a protein that consists of a voltage sensor domain (VSD) and a cytoplasmic phosphatase region. The phosphatase activity is regulated by the VSD. Detailed mechanisms of how the VSD regulates the phosphatase activity are elusive. The voltage range where the phosphatase activity is coupled with the VSD provides important clues to the coupling mechanisms. This paper examined the voltage sensitivity of the phosphatase activity over a wide range of voltage by electrophysiological methods, imaging analysis and mathematical modelling. The results demonstrate that the voltage dependency of the phosphatase activity correlates with that of the VSD. Thus, the phosphatase activity of Ci‐VSP is coupled to the VSD over the entire range of voltages that elicit movement of the VSD.
Anabolic/Androgenic Steroids in Skeletal Muscle and Cardiovascular Diseases

Testosterone exerts significant effect on muscle cells, and abnormalities of plasma concentra‐ tions can cause both skeletal muscle and cardiovascular diseases. Low levels are known to be associated with hypogonadism and have recently been linked to sarcopenia and metabol‐ ic syndrome; high levels are associated with hypertrophy. However, most evidence of the link between testosterone and metabolic actions is observational. Studies targeted to estab‐ lish the mechanisms for such effects at the cell level and their correlation with in vivo models will broaden our understanding of the role played by these male steroid hormones in the pathophysiology of muscular and metabolic diseases.
Evaluation of Three Important Electrode Arrays in Defining the Vertical and Horizontal Structures in 2D Imaging Surveys

Three important electrode arrays in 2D imaging surveys were tested in this study through synthetic model to determine which array is the most successful in defining the vertical and horizontal geological structures. These arrays are WennerSchlumberger, Wenner and Dipole dipole. The numerical modeling was created through vertical fracture zone and three separate cavities surrounded by horizontal layers. The results showed that the Wenner-Schlumberger is the most suitable electrode array when both vertical and horizontal structures are present in the subsurface. It is the best in imaging the vertical and horizontal contacts and represented these structures more accurately than the Wenner and Dipole-dipole
New insights on testicular cancer prevalence with novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches

Abstract Background Testicular cancer (TC), comprising merely 1% of male neoplasms, holds the distinction of being the most commonly encountered neoplasm among young males. Recent findings Most cases of testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main groups, namely germ cell tumors representing approximately 95% of the cases, and sex cord‐stromal tumors accounting for about 5% of the cases. Moreover, its prevalence is on the rise across the globe. TC is a neoplastic condition characterized by a favorable prognosis. The advent of cisplatin‐based chemotherapeutic agents in the latter part of the 1970s has led to a significant enhancement in the 5‐year survival rate, which presently surpasses 95%. Given that TC is commonly detected before reaching the age of 40, it can be anticipated that these individuals will enjoy an additional 40–50 years of life following successful treatment. The potential causes of TC are multifactorial and related to different pathologies. Accurate identification is imperative to guarantee the utmost efficacious and suitable therapy. To a certain degree, this can be accomplished through the utilization of blood examinations for neoplastic indicators; nonetheless, an unequivocal diagnosis necessitates an evaluation of the histological composition of a specimen via a pathologist. Conclusion TC is multifactorial and has various pathologies, therefore this review aimed to revise the prenatal and postnatal causes as well as novel diagnostic biomarkers and the therapeutic strategies of TC.
Consistency in adult reporting of adverse childhood experiences

Background Many studies have used retrospective reports to assess the long-term consequences of early life stress. However, current individual characteristics and experiences may bias the recall of these reports. In particular, depressed mood may increase the likelihood of recall of negative experiences. The aim of the study was to assess whether specific factors are associated with consistency in the reporting of childhood adverse experiences. Method The sample comprised 7466 adults from Canada's National Population Health Survey who had reported on seven childhood adverse experiences in 1994/1995 and 2006/2007. Logistic regression was used to explore differences between those who consistently reported adverse experiences and those whose reports were inconsistent. Results Among those retrospectively reporting on childhood traumatic experiences in 1994/1995 and 2006/2007, 39% were inconsistent in their reports of these experiences. The development of depression, increasing levels of psychological distress, as well as increasing work and chronic stress were associated with an increasing likelihood of reporting a childhood adverse experience in 2006/2007 that had not been previously reported. Increases in mastery were associated with reduced likelihood of new reporting of a childhood adverse experience in 2006/2007. The development of depression and increases in chronic stress and psychological distress were also associated with reduced likelihood of ‘forgetting’ a previously reported event. Conclusions Concurrent mental health factors may influence the reporting of traumatic childhood experiences. Studies that use retrospective reporting to estimate associations between childhood adversity and adult outcomes associated with mental health may be biased.
The MLK-related Kinase (MRK) Is a Novel RhoC Effector That Mediates Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA)-stimulated Tumor Cell Invasion*

Background: The small GTPase RhoC is an essential mediator of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Results: The protein kinase MRK binds to and is activated by both RhoA and RhoC, but phenocopies RhoC in the control of LPA-stimulated tumor cell invasion. Conclusion: MRK is a novel RhoC effector that mediates tumor cell invasion. Significance: Dissecting RhoC-mediated signaling is important for understanding tumor metastasis. The small GTPase RhoC is overexpressed in many invasive tumors and is essential for metastasis. Despite its high structural homology to RhoA, RhoC appears to perform functions that are different from those controlled by RhoA. The identity of the signaling components that are differentially regulated by these two GTPases is only beginning to emerge. Here, we show that the MAP3K protein MRK directly binds to the GTP-bound forms of both RhoA and RhoC in vitro. However, siRNA-mediated depletion of MRK in cells phenocopies depletion of RhoC, rather than that of RhoA. MRK depletion, like that of RhoC, inhibits LPA-stimulated cell invasion, while depletion of RhoA increases invasion. We also show that active MRK enhances LPA-stimulated invasion, further supporting a role for MRK in the regulation of invasion. Depletion of either RhoC or MRK causes sustained myosin light chain phosphorylation after LPA stimulation. In addition, activation of MRK causes a reduction in myosin light chain phosphorylation. In contrast, as expected, depletion of RhoA inhibits myosin light chain phosphorylation. We also present evidence that both RhoC and MRK are required for LPA-induced stimulation of the p38 and ERK MAP kinases. In conclusion, we have identified MRK as a novel RhoC effector that controls LPA-stimulated cell invasion at least in part by regulating myosin dynamics, ERK and p38.
Forearm vasodilator response to angiotensin II in elderly women receiving candesartan: role of AT2- receptors

The effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) and the Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonist, PD 123319, on forearm vascular resistance (FVR) were studied in elderly women during Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist therapy. Eight women, aged 67±6 years, received the AT1-receptor antagonist, candesartan, 8—16 mg once-daily for three weeks. FVR responses to intra-brachial arterial infusions of Ang II (8—32 ng/minute) during the co-infusion of PD 123319 (8 µg/minute) or placebo were measured at the end of the second and third weeks in a randomised, double-blind, crossover study. Ang II produced dose-dependent reductions in FVR during both the placebo and PD 123319 infusions. However, FVR was significantly higher during PD 123319 infusions than during placebo infusions. Candesartan therapy unmasks a vasodilator response to Ang II in forearm resistance vessels of elderly women. AT2-receptor blockade increases FVR, but does not prevent vasodilator responses to Ang II, suggesting that other vasodilator mechanisms may also be involved.
Efficient phrase querying with an auxiliary index

Search engines need to evaluate queries extremely fast, a challenging task given the vast quantities of data being indexed. A significant proportion of the queries posed to search engines involve phrases. In this paper we consider how phrase queries can be efficiently supported with low disk overheads. Previous research has shown that phrase queries can be rapidly evaluated using nextword indexes, but these indexes are twice as large as conventional inverted files. We propose a combination of nextword indexes with inverted files as a solution to this problem. Our experiments show that combined use of an auxiliary nextword index and a conventional inverted file allow evaluation of phrase queries in half the time required to evaluate such queries with an inverted file alone, and the space overhead is only 10% of the size of the inverted file. Further time savings are available with only slight increases in disk requirements.
Assessment and Comparison of TMPA Satellite Precipitation Products in Varying Climatic and Topographic Regimes in Morocco

TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) satellite precipitation products have been utilized to quantify, forecast, or understand precipitation patterns, climate change, hydrologic models, and drought in numerous scientific investigations. The TMPA products recently went through a series of algorithm developments to enhance the accuracy and reliability of high-quality precipitation measurements, particularly in low rainfall environments and complex terrain. In this study, we evaluated four TMPA products (3B42: V6, V7temp, V7, RTV7) against 125 rain gauges in Northern Morocco to assess the accuracy of TMPA products in various regimes, examine the performance metrics of new algorithm developments, and assess the impact of the processing error in 2012. Results show that the research products outperform the real-time products in all environments within Morocco, and the newest algorithm development (3B42 V7) outperforms the previous version (V6), particularly in low rainfall and high-elevation environments. TMPA products continue to overestimate precipitation in arid environments and underestimate it in high-elevation areas. Lastly, the temporary processing error resulted in little bias except in arid environments. These results corroborate findings from previous studies, provide scientific data for the Middle East, highlight the difficulty of using TMPA products in varying conditions, and present preliminary research for future algorithm development for the GPM mission.
World Journal of Gastroenterology

Colorectal cancer ranks third globally, with a high mortality rate. In the United States, and different countries in Europe, organized population screenings exist and include people between 50 and 74 years of age. These screenings have allowed an early diagnosis and consequently an improvement in health indicators. Colon and rectal cancer (CRC) is a disease of particular interest due to the high global burden associated with it and the role attributed to prevention and early diagnosis in reducing morbidity and mortality. This study is a review of CRC pathology and includes the most recent scientific evidence regarding this pathology, as well as a diagnosis of the epidemiological situation of CRC. Finally, the recommendation from a public health perspective will be discussed in detail taking into account the context and the most current recommendations.
The maximum number of K3‐free and K4‐free edge 4‐colorings

Let F(n, r, k) denote the maximum number of edge r‐colorings without a monochromatic copy of Kk that a graph with n vertices can have. Addressing two questions left open by Alon, Balogh, Keevash and Sudakov [J. London Math. Soc. 70 (2004) 273–288], we determine F(n, 4, 3) and F(n, 4, 4) and describe the extremal graphs for all large n.
Spontaneous withdrawal in intermittent morphine administration in rats and mice: effect of clonidine coadministration and sex-related differences.

BACKGROUND/AIM Treating animals repeatedly with intermittent and increasing morphine doses has been suggested to allow some withdrawal during each dosing interval, which causes repeated stress. The present study aimed to test this hypothesis and assess sex-related differences in withdrawal signs and their suppression by clonidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female rats and mice were administered with increasing doses of morphine twice daily at different dosing intervals. Rats were given clonidine in drinking water (5 μg/mL). Spontaneous and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs and novelty-induced grooming were evaluated. RESULTS Male rats and male and female rats displayed manifestations of morphine withdrawal at the end of 14-h and 24-h dosing intervals, respectively. Clonidine attenuated the severity of the withdrawal signs. Male but not female mice displayed withdrawal signs at the end of 12-h and 17-h dosing intervals. Female mice exhibited less pronounced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome. Grooming did not reflect a "stress-like state" in morphine-treated animals. CONCLUSION These findings indicate intermittent morphine treatment-induced spontaneous withdrawal in rats and mice and sex-related differences in spontaneous and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs in mice. Since the treatment protocol closely parallels the drug use pattern in opioid addicts, further experiments are needed to clarify the stress associated with the treatment and the efficacy of sedatives.
Increased Twist expression in advanced stage of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Background: The mechanisms of tumor progression in mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are poorly understood. Twist, a transcription factor, is thought to promote solid tumor progression by blocking p53 and inhibiting c‐myc‐induced apoptosis. Whether Twist expression is correlated to MF/SS stages remains unknown.
Acquiring causal knowledge from text using the connective marker tame

In this paper, we deal with automatic knowledge acquisition from text, specifically the acquisition of causal relations. A causal relation is the relation existing between two events such that one event causes (or enables) the other event, such as “hard rain causes flooding” or “taking a train requires buying a ticket. ” In previous work these relations have been classified into several types based on a variety of points of view. In this work, we consider four types of causal relations---cause, effect, precond(ition) and means---mainly based on agents' volitionality, as proposed in the research field of discourse understanding. The idea behind knowledge acquisition is to use resultative connective markers, such as “because,” “but,” and “if” as linguistic cues. However, there is no guarantee that a given connective marker always signals the same type of causal relation. Therefore, we need to create a computational model that is able to classify samples according to the causal relation. To examine how accurately we can automatically acquire causal knowledge, we attempted an experiment using Japanese newspaper articles, focusing on the resultative connective “tame. ” By using machine-learning techniques, we achieved 80% recall with over 95% precision for the cause, precond, and means relations, and 30% recall with 90% precision for the effect relation. Furthermore, the classification results suggest that one can expect to acquire over 27,000 instances of causal relations from 1 year of Japanese newspaper articles.
Optimal Time-of-Day and Consolidation of Learning in Younger and Older Adults

The current study investigated the relationship between intraindividual variability and associative learning in younger and older adults. The authors hypothesized that higher levels of intraindividual variability would be associated with a reduction in the benefits of practice during learning, and that nonoptimal testing times would magnify these effects. Results indicated that older adults showed an increase in reaction time (RT) standard deviation (SD) relative to mean RT in the evening. Although time-of-day did not have a significant effect on rate of learning or total learning, intraindividual variability did predict learning rate of younger adults at nonoptimal testing times. Results are discussed in light of theoretical models of aging and learning.
Exception safety for C#

Programming-language mechanisms for throwing and handling exceptions can simplify some computer programs. However the use of exceptions can also be error prone, leading to new programming errors and code that is hard to understand. This paper describes ways to tame the exception usage in C#. In particular the paper describes the treatment of exceptions in Spec#, an experimental superset of C# that includes code contracts.
Nonsuicidal Self-injury in a College Population: General Trends and Sex Differences

Abstract Objective: To describe basic nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) characteristics and to explore sex differences. Methods: A random sample from 8 universities were invited to participate in a Web-based survey in 2006–2007; 38.9% (n = 14,372) participated. Analysis assessed sex differences in NSSI prevalence, practices, severity, perceived dependency, and help-seeking; adjusted odds ratios for NSSI characteristics were calculated by sex status. Results: Lifetime NSSI prevalence rates averaged 15.3%. Females were more likely than males to self-injure because they were upset (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–2.1) or in hopes that someone would notice them (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.7). Males were 1.6 times (95% CI = 1.2–2.2) more likely to report anger and 4.0 times (95% CI = 2.3–6.8) more likely to report intoxication as an initiating factor. Sexual orientation predicted NSSI, particularly for women (Wald F = 8.81, p ≤ .000). Only 8.9% of the NSSI sample reported disclosing NSSI to a mental health professional. Conclusions: NSSI is common in college populations but varies significantly by sex and sexual orientation. NSSI disclosure is low among both sexes.
Reproducible diagnostic metabolites in plasma from typhoid fever patients in Asia and Africa

Salmonella Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid. Typhoid is diagnosed by blood culture, a method that lacks sensitivity, portability and speed. We have previously shown that specific metabolomic profiles can be detected in the blood of typhoid patients from Nepal (Näsström et al., 2014). Here, we performed mass spectrometry on plasma from Bangladeshi and Senegalese patients with culture confirmed typhoid fever, clinically suspected typhoid, and other febrile diseases including malaria. After applying supervised pattern recognition modelling, we could significantly distinguish metabolite profiles in plasma from the culture confirmed typhoid patients. After comparing the direction of change and degree of multivariate significance, we identified 24 metabolites that were consistently up- or down regulated in a further Bangladeshi/Senegalese validation cohort, and the Nepali cohort from our previous work. We have identified and validated a metabolite panel that can distinguish typhoid from other febrile diseases, providing a new approach for typhoid diagnostics. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.15651. 001
The Rate of Cesarean Section and Newborn Apgar score In Two Types Of Physiological Delivery and Facilitated Delivery in Mothers with First Pregnancy.

INTRODUCTION Labor pain is often severe and its lack of relief can have a bad effect on the mother's physiological condition. Accurate measurement and appropriate treatment of pain is an important problem. There are several choices for the control of labor pain, however, each method has its own risks and benefits regarding its efficiency and availability; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the rate of cesarean section and newborn Apgar in two types of physiological delivery and facilitated delivery among mothers with first delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted on mothers aged 18-35 who went to the hospital to give birth. In the present study, 8 sessions (90 minutes each session) were held to prepare mothers from 20 to 37 weeks of pregnancy. Candidate mothers for physiological labor were hospitalized without intervention and in the active phase of labor, and their labor stages were planned physiologically. The pain intensity of mothers was asked using a scale (VAS) during labor every half hour (according to the pain scale from 0 to 10). The average score of pain during the first and second stages, type of delivery, amount of postpartum bleeding, length of the stage of delivery, infection, and fever after delivery, Apgar score of the baby, perineal status, mother's satisfaction and the rate of hospitalization of the baby in NICU were recorded. Furthermore, the level of satisfaction with childbirth was evaluated with the help of Mackey's standard satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS The average age of the physiological delivery and facilitated delivery groups was 26.37 ± 5.23 years and 26.58 ± 5.79 years, respectively. Physiological delivery significantly required less conversion to cesarean section. The most common etiology was caesarean section in the physiologic labor group, and a drop in NST was reported in the facilitated group. The analysis of the results demonstrated no significant difference between the etiology of cesarean section and the study groups. The Apgar score in the physiological group was significantly better than the facilitated group. There is no significant relationship between the study group and the amount of bleeding during delivery. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the study group and the incidence of postpartum infection. The rate of NICU admission in the facilitated group was found to be significantly higher than physiological delivery. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed that the rate of caesarean section, the rate of need for NICU, newborns' Apgar score, and the rate of mothers' satisfaction in physiological delivery group were significantly different from the other groups, but the rate of wound infection and the amount of postpartum bleeding in the two groups showed a significant difference.