Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of tetracycline resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from nosocomial infections at Tehran hospitals

Objective(s): To date, the most important genes responsible for tetracycline resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates have been identified as tet A and tet B. This study was carried out to determine the rate of resistance to tetracycline and related antibiotics, and mechanisms of resistance. Materials and Methods: During the years 2010 and 2011, a total of 100 A. baumannii isolates were recovered from patients in different hospitals of Tehran, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility to tetracycline, minocycline, doxicycline and tigecycline was evaluated by E-test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the tet A and tet B genes was performed using specific primers, after which the isolates were subjected to Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR (PCR) to identify the major genotypes. Results: Of all isolates, 89% were resistant to tetracycline (MIC50 = 32 µg/ml, MIC90 = 512 µg/ml). Minocycline with the resistant rate of 35% (MIC50 = 16 µg/ml, MIC90 =32 µg/ml) and doxicycline with the resistant rate of 25% (MIC50 = 16 µg/ml, MIC90= 32 µg/ml) have a good activity against A. baumannii isolates. All isolates were sensitive to tigecycline. Frequencies of tet B and tet A genes and coexistence of tet A and tet B among the isolates resistant to tetracycline, were 87.6%, 2.2% and 1.1%, respectively. Distribution of REP-types among A. baumannii isolates was types A (40%), B (30%), C (10%), D (5%) and E (5%). Conclusion: It seems that tet A and tet B genes play an important role in the induction of resistance towards tetracyclines used in this study. It is suggested that further studies focus on other antimicrobial drugs and combinations in order to achieve a successful therapy against multi drug resistance (MDR) A. baumannii strains in Iran.
Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue: A Protective Fat Depot?

OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. The ectopic fat hypothesis suggests that subcutaneous fat may be protective, but this theory has yet to be fully explored. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 3,001, 48.5% women) were stratified by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) into sex-specific tertiles. Within these tertiles, age-adjusted abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) tertiles were examined in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS In the lowest VAT tertile, risk factor prevalence was low, although systolic blood pressure in women and rates of high triglycerides, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome in men increased with increasing SAT tertile (all P < 0.04). In contrast, in the top VAT tertile, lower triglycerides were observed in men with increasing SAT (64.4% high triglycerides in SAT tertile 1 vs. 52.7% in SAT tertile 3, P = 0.03). Similar observations were made for women, although results were not statistically significant (50.6% high triglycerides in SAT tertile 1 vs. 41.0% in tertile 3, P = 0.10). Results in the highest VAT tertile were notable for a lack of increase in the prevalence of low HDL in men and women and in rates of impaired fasting glucose in men with increasing subcutaneous fat, despite sizable differences in BMI across SAT tertiles (27.1 to 36.3 kg/m2[women]; 28.1 to 35.7 kg/m2[men]). CONCLUSIONS Although adiposity increases the absolute risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, abdominal subcutaneous fat is not associated with a linear increase in the prevalence of all risk factors among the obese, most notably, high triglycerides.
Optimal Compilation of HPF Remappings

Applications with varying array access patterns require to dynamically change array mappings on distributed-memory parallel machines.hpf(High Performance Fortran) provides such remappings explicitly throughrealignandredistributedirectives and implicitly at procedure calls and returns. However, such features are left out ofhpf2.0 for efficiency reasons. This paper presents a new technique for compilinghpfremappings onto message-passing parallel architectures. First, useless remappings that appear naturally are removed. Second, thespmdgenerated code takes advantage of replication to shorten the remapping time. Communication is proved optimal: a minimal number of messages, containing only the required data, is sent over the network. The technique is fully implemented in ourhpfcompiler and was experimented on adecAlpha farm.
Stress, sex, and satisfaction in marriage

Using data from 198 couples, this study examines whether associations between stress occurring outside of the dyad and key indicators of relationship functioning are mediated by stress arising within the dyad. Findings suggest that relationship satisfaction and sexual activity are governed by hassles and problems experienced within the dyad that are in turn related to stress arising outside the dyad. Associations between external stress and relationship functioning are stronger for daily hassles than for critical life events. Higher levels of daily stress predicted less sexual activity for maritally dissatisfied women and more sexual activity for maritally dissatisfied men. Self-reports of stress covaried with self-reported indexes of satisfaction and sexuality, suggesting that contextual influences are broadly influential in intimate relationships.
Spirituality and Servant Leader Behavior

This empirical study was designed to examine the relationship of the personal spirituality beliefs of servant leaders to their actual behavior as servant leaders. For purposes of the study the Spiritual Assessment Scale was used to measure spirituality beliefs while the leadership portion of the Servant Organizational Leadership Assessment inventory was used to measure servant leadership behavior. The research subjects for the study were 62 managers and 97 subordinates who were employed by TD Industries in Dallas, Texas; an organization that purports to use servant leadership philosophy. The research results revealed that the more managers were perceived as servant leaders the more likely they were to have both stronger spirituality beliefs particularly in those related to moral philosophies that emphasize the virtues of honesty, humility, and service to others. Additionally, an ANOVA and post hoc pairwise multiple comparison indicated a difference in perception of servant leadership behavior due to years spent studying servant leadership principles and years employed at TD Industries.
Improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics during intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin): A study of 15 patients with moderate to severe portopulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and occurring in the setting of portal hypertension is referred to as “portopulmonary hypertension. ” Intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) is a potent pulmonary and systemic vasodilator with antithrombotic properties. It can decrease PVR and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with primary (idiopathic) pulmonary hypertension. Using right‐heart catheterization, we evaluated the acute pulmonary hemodynamic effects of intravenous epoprostenol in patients with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure [MPAP] ≥35 mm Hg) associated with clinical manifestations of portal hypertension. Effects of long‐term infusion of epoprostenol were also evaluated. We studied 15 consecutive patients with portopulmonary hypertension; 14 underwent acute administration of epoprostenol, and no significant side effects were noted. Ten patients received continuous epoprostenol (range, 8 days‐30 months). Acute changes in PVR (−34% ± 18%), MPAP (−16% ± 10%), and cardiac output (CO) (+21 ± 18%), were statistically significant (P < .01). Long‐term use of epoprostenol further lowered PVR (−47% ± 12% from baseline and −31% ± 22% from the acute change; P < .05) in the 6 patients restudied by right‐heart catheterization. Death occurred in 6 of 10 (60%) of those receiving long‐term epoprostenol. In moderate to severe portopulmonary hypertension, intravenous epoprostenol resulted in a significant improvement (both acute and long‐term) in PVR, MPAP, and CO. Potential adverse effects on portal hypertension and implications for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), however, require further study.
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF POINTS IN THE FOREBRAIN AND MIDBRAIN: THE RESULTANT ALTERATIONS IN BLOOD PRESSURE

There has been a great deal of interest in recent years in the vegetative centers of the hypothalamus. Various investigators 1 have stimulated this region and reported dilatation of the pupils, increased blood pressure, contraction of the bladder and increased rate and depth of respiration as well as effects on gastro-intestinal peristalsis and secretion of sweat, saliva, tears, etc. The localization obtained was not precise, however, and no attempt was made to trace the pathways by stimulation. An extensive investigation was therefore undertaken in this laboratory into the responses of the hypothalamus to electrical stimulation. During this investigation the brain was explored millimeter by millimeter from a level close to the junction of the olfactory bulb and tract as far caudally as a plane through the inferior colliculi dorsally and the middle of the pons ventrally. The Horsley-Clarke stereotaxic instrument was used to orient the electrodes. By stimulation of large
New Bacterial Pathway for 4- and 5-Chlorosalicylate Degradation via 4-Chlorocatechol and Maleylacetate in Pseudomonas sp. Strain MT1

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas sp. strain MT1 is capable of degrading 4- and 5-chlorosalicylates via 4-chlorocatechol, 3-chloromuconate, and maleylacetate by a novel pathway. 3-Chloromuconate is transformed by muconate cycloisomerase of MT1 into protoanemonin, a dominant reaction product, as previously shown for other muconate cycloisomerases. However, kinetic data indicate that the muconate cycloisomerase of MT1 is specialized for 3-chloromuconate conversion and is not able to form cis-dienelactone. Protoanemonin is obviously a dead-end product of the pathway. A trans-dienelactone hydrolase (trans-DLH) was induced during growth on chlorosalicylates. Even though the purified enzyme did not act on either 3-chloromuconate or protoanemonin, the presence of muconate cylcoisomerase and trans-DLH together resulted in considerably lower protoanemonin concentrations but larger amounts of maleylacetate formed from 3-chloromuconate than the presence of muconate cycloisomerase alone resulted in. As trans-DLH also acts on 4-fluoromuconolactone, forming maleylacetate, we suggest that this enzyme acts on 4-chloromuconolactone as an intermediate in the muconate cycloisomerase-catalyzed transformation of 3-chloromuconate, thus preventing protoanemonin formation and favoring maleylacetate formation. The maleylacetate formed in this way is reduced by maleylacetate reductase. Chlorosalicylate degradation in MT1 thus occurs by a new pathway consisting of a patchwork of reactions catalyzed by enzymes from the 3-oxoadipate pathway (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, muconate cycloisomerase) and the chlorocatechol pathway (maleylacetate reductase) and a trans-DLH.
Selectivity of Canary HVC Neurons for the Bird's Own Song: Modulation by Photoperiodic Conditions

To what extent seasonal factors modify the neuronal functional properties within the nuclei of the avian song system remains an open question. In adult songbirds, neurons of the song premotor nucleus HVC (used as a proper name) exhibit selective responses for the bird's own song (BOS). Here we examine whether, outside the breeding season, when songs are less stereotyped, HVC neurons of male canaries still respond selectively to the BOS produced during this period. In an initial experiment, single-unit recordings (n = 114) revealed that the neuronal selectivity for the current BOS was attenuated in males exposed to a short-day photoperiod (typical of the nonbreeding season) compared with that found in males exposed to a long-day photoperiod. In long-day conditions, 35% of the cells responded to the BOS, whereas only 12% did in short-day conditions; there were four times more selective cells (d′ > 1) in long-day than in short-day conditions. To determine whether these effects were the consequence of differences in acoustic features between breeding and nonbreeding songs, neurons (n = 72) recorded in short-day conditions were tested with both a short-day BOS and a long-day BOS. A low percentage of neurons exhibited responses to short-day or to long-day BOS (11% for each song). Responses of putative interneurons (spike duration <0.4 ms) and of putative relay cells were similarly attenuated by the short-day conditions. These results strongly suggest that, in canary, rather than being a fixed property, the selectivity for the BOS moves along a continuum and peaks when the day length mimics the breeding conditions.
Struktura polnih razlika u doživljaju stresa na radu

It is not clear whether and in what respects men and women differ in the experience of stress in the workplace. Previous research often showed that women report higher levels of occupational stress, but there are some conflicting results. Moreover, some research revealed that when demographic variables were accounted for, gender differences diminish. Two competing hypotheses attempt to explain gender differences: the hypothesis of differential vulnerability and hypothesis of differential exposure to stressors. The aim of this study was to examine the existence of gender differences in occupational stress. The study also attempted to examine whether the obtained differences remain significant when sources of stress and some demographic characteristics are accounted for. Several (both positive and negative) measures of occupational stress were used in the study: distress, burnout, turnover intentions, and organizational commitment. A convenient sample of 221 Serbian employees participated in the study. Results indicate that women scored higher on some of the indicators of occupational stress (distress and continuance commitment). Although the differences were not large, they remained significant even when sources of stress and some demographic characteristics were introduced in the equation. Most of the gender differences obtained in the study are in favor of the hypothesis of a differential vulnerability to stressors. Exception is the finding that single men and married women with highest level of education reported highest levels of occupational stress, which is more consistent with the differential exposure hypothesis. The last finding, however, should be interpreted with caution due to small number of respondents in the group with highest educational level.
"Polysomnographic" and "sleep" patterns: synonims or two distinct terms.

The terms polysomnography, polysomnograph, polysomonographic, and polysomnogram (PSG) indicate the monitoring of a number of different activities and parameters during sleep. Typically, these are electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), electrooculogram (EOG), electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) and, less commonly, the monitoring respiration and perspiration, audio recording of snoring, constant video monitoring, etc. As such, because polysomnography is a polygraph during sleep, it is unnecessary to link this term explicitly with the concept of sleep. One might more appropriately use the term polysomnography alone or, alternatively, sleep polygraph or "sleep study. "
10-GHz Highly Symmetrical Sub-Harmonic Gilbert Mixer Using GaInP/GaAs HBT Technology

A 10-GHz sub-harmonic Gilbert mixer is demonstrated using GaInP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor technology. The local oscillator (LO) signal time-delay path in the sub-harmonic LO stage is compensated using the fully symmetrical stacked-LO doubler; therefore, the balance of the sub-harmonic LO stage, the radio frequency to intermediate frequency isolation, and IIP2 are improved. The demonstrated 10-GHz sub-harmonic mixer achieves 10 dB conversion gain, IP1dB of -12 dBm, IIP3 of 2 dBm and IIP2 of 33 dBm
ENO: synthesizing structured sound spaces

ENO is an audio server designed to make it easy for applications in the Unix environment to incorporate non-speech audio cues. At the physical level, ENO manages a shared resource, namely the audio hardware. At the logical level, it manages a sound space that is shared by various client applications. Instead of dealing with sound in terms of its physical description (i.e., sampled sounds), ENO allows sounds to be presented and controlled in terms of higher-level descriptions of sources, interactions, attributes, and sound space. Using this structure, ENO can facilitate the creation of consistent, rich systems of audio cues. In this paper, we discuss the justification, design, and implementation of ENO.
African American Paternal Grandmothers’ Satisfaction With the Fathering Practices of Their Teenage Sons

African American paternal grandmothers serve an important role in influencing teenage fathers’ involvement with their children in that grandmothers’ support of their sons’ fathering practices is associated with increased father involvement. We used qualitative data from 53 paternal grandmothers to compare satisfaction with teenage sons’ fathering practices with their expectations for ideal fathering and identify reasons for inconsistencies between the two. Paternal grandmothers characterized three practices (providing financial support, being attentive, and performing day-to-day care) that were key to their satisfaction with their sons’ fathering practices. These characterizations mostly overlapped with their expectations for ideal practice. When inconsistencies between expectations and satisfaction were noted, we identified three ways grandmothers interpreted satisfaction with fathering practices. These results have implications for research on teenage fatherhood and interventions meant to enhance teenage fathers’ involvement in rearing their children.
Hypothetical Functions of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems

Toxin-antitoxin systems are very commonly found both on large, low-copy plasmids, where they increase effective stability ([35][1]), and on bacterial chromosomes, where their function has been the subject of considerable speculation. In this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, Virginie Tsilibaris
MISPERCEPTIONS ABOUT PERCEPTUAL BIAS

▪ Abstract Do people assimilate new information in an efficient and unbiased manner—that is, do they update prior beliefs in accordance with Bayes' rule? Or are they selective in the way that they gather and absorb new information? Although many classic studies in political science and psychology contend that people resist discordant information, more recent research has tended to call the selective perception hypothesis into question. We synthesize the literatures on biased assimilation and belief polarization using a formal model that encompasses both Bayesian and biased learning. The analysis reveals (a) the conditions under which these phenomena may be consistent with Bayesian learning, (b) the methodological inadequacy of certain research designs that fail to control for preferences or prior information, and (c) the limited support that exists for the more extreme variants of the selective perception hypothesis.
Researching with impact in the Global South? Impact-evaluation practices and the reproduction of ‘development knowledge’

Long-standing questions about the production and control of knowledge about ‘the developing world’ have been given new urgency through the deployment of impact-evaluation practices within UK universities, highlighting the need for careful ethical reflection on the role of Northern researchers in both academia and practice. In this context, this article takes up the three underlying themes of this special issue – the conceptualisation, evaluation and methods of knowledge mobilisation – to ask what ‘researching with impact’ might mean for academics whose work focuses on the Global South. With regard to the conceptualisation of knowledge, it argues that the Research Councils UK's definition of ‘high impact’ research sits uncomfortably with both critical scholarship on the power of ‘development knowledge’ and with ‘alternative development’ practices that call for knowledge co-production. With regard to the evaluation of knowledge mobilisation, it uses Northern researchers' reflections on their practice to argue that impact-evaluation practices are ‘nudging’ academia in directions that require our attention. Finally, with regard to methods of knowledge mobilisation, it investigates what an ethically engaged response to these pressures might look like, arguing for scholars working on the Global South to defend the production of ‘development knowledge’ that is both practically engaged and critically distant from policy-makers.
Cooking fuel type, household ventilation, and the risk of acute lower respiratory illness in urban Bangladeshi children: a longitudinal study.

UNLABELLED Acute lower respiratory illnesses (ALRI) are the leading cause of death among children <5 years. Studies have found that biomass cooking fuels are an important risk factor for ALRI. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of natural household ventilation indicators on ALRI. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between cooking fuel, natural household ventilation, and ALRI. During October 17, 2004-September 30, 2005, children <5 years living in a low-income neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, were assessed weekly for ALRI and surveyed quarterly about biomass fuel use, electric fan ownership, and natural household ventilation (windows, ventilation grates, and presence of a gap between the wall and ceiling). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations. Six thousand and seventy-nine children <5 years enrolled during the study period (99% participation) experienced 1291 ALRI. In the multivariate model, ≥2 windows [OR = 0.75, 95% CI = (0.58, 0.96)], ventilation grates [OR = 0.80, 95% CI = (0.65, 0.98)], and not owning an electric fan [OR = 1.50, 95% CI = (1.21, 1.88)] were associated with ALRI; gap presence and using biomass fuels were not associated with ALRI. Structural factors that might improve household air circulation and exchange were associated with decreased ALRI risk. Improved natural ventilation might reduce ALRI among children in low-income families. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The World Health Organization has stated that controlling pneumonia is a priority for achieving the fourth Millennium Development Goal, which calls for a two-third reduction in mortality of children <5 years old compared to the 1990 baseline. Our study represents an important finding of a modifiable risk factor that might decrease the burden of respiratory illness among children living in Bangladesh and other low-income settings similar to our study site. We found that the existence of at least two windows in the child's sleeping room was associated with a 25% decreased ALRI risk. Increasing available natural ventilation within the household in similar settings has the potential to reduce childhood mortality because of acute lower respiratory illnesses.
Attachment theory - a secure theoretical base for counselling?

Abstract Attachment theory emerged from the cross-fertilization of object relations psychoanalysis and the science of ethology. It offers a useful theoretical framework for psychodynamic counselling. It is clear, comprehensible, and susceptible to experimental testing. Longitudinal studies of children classified as secure or insecure at one year have linked non-verbal interactional patterns of infancy with the emergence of ‘autobiographical competence’ in later life. Counselling and psychotherapy can be conceived as being based on the movement from insecure to secure attachment. The importance of a secure therapeutic base, of coherent narrative, the attunement of the counsellor, the processing of affect especially anger, and the emergence of self-exploration within the security of the counselling relationship are described as essential ingredients of psychodynamic counselling.