Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Urban Agriculture in Tokyo: a Geospatial Perspective of the Food-Water-Energy Nexus

Urban agriculture plays a role in modern food systems to reduce transportation energy, improve local production for local consumption, and so on. However, the demand for local food, the supply of farmland, and even the attitudes of farmers may vary with the process of urbanization as well as the urban structure of cities. This is significant particularly in Asian megacities such as Tokyo, where the built-up areas have mostly spread to suburbs along rail lines and expanded outward from train stations on topographic and historical fundamentals. Furthermore, urban agriculture in Tokyo is facing strong pressure from urban development, the aging of farmers, and depopulation. Few previous studies have discussed the performance of urban agriculture in a megalopolis like Tokyo based on detailed evidence. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship of food, water and energy in Tokyo through input-output analysis ofresource use and vegetable production. We created a database of water and energy resource inputsfor greenhouses, fertilizers, and pesticides, etc., for farming and vegetable production. We quantitatively calculated the input-output efficiency of energy and water resources per unit of food production in the Tokyo metropolitan area and visualized regional characteristics by hierarchical cluster analysis. We found that Tokyo produced 75,566t of vegetables per year, or an average of about 5.5kg per capita for its 13.8 million population, with 426.1TJ of energy consumed,especially in greenhouses and manufacturing compost, and 8.7 ML of water, especially in manufacturing phosphorus fertilizer. With cluster analysis identified four types of urban agriculture in terms of environmental load: “lowenvironmental load,”“medium environmentalload,”“highwaterload,” and “highenergyload. ” In summary, the closer to the CBD, the more intensive the agriculture type in the sense of environmentally burden, due to the impacts of urbanization; the central part of the Tama area, with more open space for agriculture, shows moderate consumption of energy and water; and the farmlands in western Tama far from the CBD are less intensive and often cultivated with low environmental load. These findings suggest that the conservation and promotion of urban agriculture in Tokyo should consider geospatial characteristics. As land prices rise, could become more intensive, meanwhile, with a possible transition from “low environmentalload” to “mediumenvironmental load” and from “mediumenvironmental load” to “high water load” or “high energy load” to environment. This is a challenge for urban policymakers to manage the synergistic effects and conflicts in agriculture-inclusive urban development.
Mining the SDSS Archive. I. Photometric Redshifts in the Nearby Universe

We present a supervised neural network approach to the determination of photometric redshifts. The method was fine-tuned to match the characteristics of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and as base of "a priori" knowledge, it exploits the rich wealth of spectroscopic redshifts provided by this survey. In order to train, validate, and test the networks, we used two galaxy samples drawn from the SDSS spectroscopic data set, namely, the general galaxy sample (GG) and the luminous red galaxy subsample (LRG). The method consists of a two-step approach. In the first step, objects are classified as nearby (z < 0.25) and distant (0.25 < z < 0.50), with an accuracy estimated as 97.52%. In the second step, two different networks are separately trained on objects belonging to the two redshift ranges. Using a standard multilayer perceptron operated in a Bayesian framework, the optimal architectures were found to require one hidden layer of 24 (24) and 24 (25) neurons for the GG (LRG) sample. The final results on the GG data set give a robust σz ≃ 0.0208 over the redshift range and σz ≃ 0.0197 and ≃ 0.0238 for the nearby and distant samples, respectively. For the LRG subsample we find instead a robust σz ≃ 0.0164 over the whole range, and σz ≃ 0.0160 and ≃ 0.0183 for the nearby and distant samples, respectively. After training, the networks have been applied to all objects in the SDSS table GALAXY matching the same selection criteria adopted to build the base of knowledge, and photometric redshifts for circa 30 million galaxies having z < 0.5 were derived. A catalog containing redshifts for the LRG subsample was also produced.
Effects of denitrification on the distributions of trace gas abundances in the polar regions: a model-data comparison

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a key role in the polar chemistry of the stratosphere. Nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles have been shown to lead to denitrification of the lower stratosphere. While the existence of large NAT particles (NAT "rocks") has been verified by many measurements especially in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), most current chemistry-climate models use simplified parametrizations (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) parameterizations, often based on evaluations in the Southern Hemisphere where the polar vortex is stable enough that accounting for NAT rocks is not as important as in the NH. Here, we 5 evaluate the probability density functions of various gaseous species in the polar vortex using one such model, the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), and compare these with measurements by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard the Environmental Satellite (MIPAS/Envisat) and two ozonesonde stations for a range of years and in both hemispheres. Using the maximum difference between the distributions of MIPAS and WACCM as a measure of coherence, we find better agreement for HNO 3 when reducing the NAT number density from the standard value 10 of 10 − 2 used in this model to 5 × 10 − 4 cm − 3 for almost all spring seasons during the MIPAS period in both hemispheres. The distributions of ClONO 2 and O 3 are not greatly affected by the NAT density. The average difference of WACCM to ozonesondes supports the need to reduce the NAT number density in the model. Therefore, this study suggests to use a NAT number density of 5 × 10 − 4 cm − 3 for future simulations with WACCM.
Genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of exposure to thallium on mature spermatozoa of mice

Introduction. The adverse effects of chemicals on male reproduction is an area of growing concern. Currently, Thallium (Tl) is used mainly in the manufacture of electronic devices, switches and closures, as well as in power plants, cement factories and foundries. Aim. To evaluate sperm quality and genetic damage of sperm in mice exposed orally to Tl. Materials and methods. Male mice were treated with Tl doses of 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg/5d, sperm quality parameters and DNA damage were evaluated by the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) technique. Results. Exposure to Tl affected sperm motility, viability and morphology. Alterations in the DNA structure (%DFI and %HSD) of the spermatozoa were observed. Tl could be considered reprotoxic, since it alters reproductive capacity.
Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt bases and Khovanov–Lauda–Rouquier algebras

We generalize Lusztig’s geometric construction of the PBW bases of finite quantum groups of type ADE under the framework of [VaragnoloVasserot, J. reine angew. Math. 659 (2011)]. In particular, every PBW basis of such quantum groups is proven to yield a semi-orthogonal collection in the module category of the KLR-algebras. This enables us to prove Lusztig’s conjecture on the positivity of the canonical (lower global) bases in terms of the (lower) PBW bases. In addition, we verify Kashiwara’s problem on the finiteness of the global dimensions of the KLR-algebras of type ADE.
Spin-up in a rectangular container

The spin‐up from rest of (i) a homogeneous and (ii) a linearly stratified fluid in a rectangular container has been examined in the laboratory. In the spin‐up process leading to the ultimate state of rigid‐body rotation, three main stages can be discerned, these being (1) the starting flow, characterized by zero absolute vorticity, (2) flow separation due to cyclonic vorticity generation at the lateral tank walls, and (3) a subsequent organization of the flow into a regular array of alternately cyclonic and anticyclonic cells. During the final stage the flow in these cells gradually decays due to the spin‐down/spin‐up mechanism provided by the Ekman boundary layer present at the bottom of each cell. Experiments have been performed with free‐surface and rigid‐lid upper boundary conditions, and the organization of the flow in these cases was observed to be essentially different. In particular, it was noted that the central cell in the free‐surface case is always cyclonic. A model for this behavior is advanced, in terms of the tendency of cyclonic vortices to move toward the rotation axis in the free‐surface configuration.
σ-COMMUTING MAPPINGS IN SEMIPRIME RINGS

Let R be a semiprime ring with extended centroid C, right Utumi quotient ring U and σ an endomorphism of R. A map ƒ : S → U, where S is a subset of R, is called σ-commuting if [ƒ(s), σ(s)] = 0 for all s ∈ S. In this paper we give a characterization of maps σ-commuting on certain subrings of R. As an application we prove the semiprime case of Posner's theorem for σ-commuting (σ,τ)-derivations.
Rayleigh Scattering of Ruby-Laser Light by Neutral Gases*

Measurements of Rayleigh scattering from atoms and molecules in the gaseous state at 1-atm pressure are described. The use of a Q-switched ruby laser of 8-MW average power and care in minimizing spurious light permitted the determination of very small depolarizations. No depolarization could be detected in the scattering from argon and helium. However, finite depolarization ratios ρν (for vertically polarized incident light) were measured for xenon and methane: 1.55(±0.25) × 10−4 and 1.27 (±0.23) × 10−4, respectively. Departures from ideal-gas behavior provide the most plausible explanation for these findings.Depolarization ratios were also measured in hydrogen, deuterium, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide, and were found to be lower than generally accepted values. Measured differential-scattering cross sections at 60° for He, Ar, Xe, CH4, H2, D2, N2, and N2O were within experimental error of values calculated from known indices of refraction. The angular dependence of Rayleigh scattering in N2 as a function of the polarization states of both incident and scattered radiation was studied from 30° to 150°, and was found to be in agreement with theory.
Formation Reconﬁguration for Fixed-Wing UAVs A Coordinated Path Following Approach

This study proposes a coordinated path following approach to solve the formation reconfiguration problem in a guided manner. A novel coordinated path following control law is proposed, which steers a fleet of UAVs towards their closest projection points on their respective paths by controlling the angular velocity of each UAV, and achieves coordinated formation reconfiguration by synchronizing the UAVs’ closest projection points via controlling the linear velocity. Each UAV only uses its neighbors’ destination arc distances for coordination, which as a result saves communication bandwidth. The UAVs’ velocity constraints are also satisfied, with the linear velocity converging to the cruise speed under the proposed control law, which is helpful to prolong the flight time. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation, as well as the field experiments with seven to ten fixed-wing UAVs, are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An (cid:2) 2 − (cid:2) q Regularization Method for Large Discrete Ill-Posed Problems

Ill-posed problems arise in many areas of science and engineering. Their solutions, if they exist, are very sensitive to perturbations in the data. Regularization aims to reduce this sen-sitivity. Typically, regularization methods replace the original problem by a minimization problem with a ﬁdelity term and a regularization term. Recently, the use of a p -norm to measure the ﬁdelity term, and a q -norm to measure the regularization term, has received considerable attention. The relative importance of these terms is determined by a regularization parameter. This paper discussed how the latter parameter can be determined with the aid of the discrepancy principle. We primarily focus on the situation when p = 2 and 0 < q ≤ 2, where we note that when 0 < q < 1, the minimization problem may be non-convex.
Towards real-time identification of trapped particles with UMAP-based classifiers

Optical trapping provides a way to isolate, manipulate, and probe a wide range of microscopic particles. Moreover, as particle dynamics are strongly affected by their shape and composition, optical tweezers can also be used to identify and classify particles, paving the way for multiple applications such as intelligent microfluidic devices for personalized medicine purposes, or integrated sensing for bioengineering. In this work, we explore the possibility of using properties of the forward scattered radiation of the optical trapping beam to analyze properties of the trapped specimen and deploy an autonomous classification algorithm. For this purpose, we process the signal in the Fourier domain and apply a dimensionality reduction technique using UMAP algorithms, before using the reduced number of features to feed standard machine learning algorithms such as K-nearest neighbors or random forests. Using a stratified 5-fold cross-validation procedure, our results show that the implemented classification strategy allows the identification of particle material with accuracies up to 80%, demonstrating the potential of using signal processing techniques to probe properties of optical trapped particles based on the forward scattered light. Furthermore, preliminary results of an autonomous implementation in a standard experimental optical tweezers setup show similar differentiation capabilities for real-time applications, thus opening some opportunities towards technological applications such as intelligent microfluidic devices and solutions for biochemical and biophysical sensing.
Capacity Configuration Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage System Considering Photovoltaic Power Fluctuation Suppression and Operation Optimization

Photovoltaic (PV) is becoming popular in many countries. However, due to the influence of weather, the PV output power often fluctuates greatly in a short time, and its intermittence makes it difficult to meet the load demand. The Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can smooth the PV power fluctuation and optimize the operation of the whole system. Therefore, this paper proposes a capacity configuration strategy for the HESS composed of a battery and super capacitor. The strategy aims to minimize the construction and operation costs. It contains a two-layer optimization model. The upper layer configures the capacity and output power of the HESS, and the lower model optimizes the operation of the PV-HESS system and solves the model through deep reinforcement learning. Finally, a PV demonstration project in Shandong Province, China, is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the HESS capacity configuration strategy.
Imaging sensors for PoET: a spatially resolved solar spectroscopy instrument

The study of the Sun is an area still open in several topics of astrophysics, in a field that has seen an expansion in recent years - therefore, it is critical that collected data is thoroughly traceable and accurate to be used in new study cases or predictive models. A ground based, portable, optimized system, consisting of a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope coupled to a refractor telescope acting as a pointing telescope, is being designed to provide high resolution imaging of smaller areas on the Sun’s surface, being able to obtain disk-resolved, high spectral resolution data, at a relative low cost (compared to large consortium developed instruments). The light collected by the telescope will be fibre-fed to a spectrograph - the injection of light in the fibre is critical and requires an imaging sensor to aid the light guiding process. The goal of the present work was to explore the best candidates for the image sensors, their architectures, requirements, and constraints, as well as their expected performance range and signal noise. The trade-off analysis between CMOS and CCD based sensors was made and it was concluded, that for the intended application, either type of architecture is admissible, provided the sensor is within desired parameters.
Rubber vulcanization method for FBG pressure sensors

This paper presents the experimental analysis of the vulcanization process of nitrile rubbers for the diaphragms fabrication used in FBG-based pressure sensors. Tests using diaphragms with different rubber thicknesses (0.5mm, 1.0mm, and 1.5mm), vulcanization temperatures (125°C, 150°C, and 200°C), and vulcanization times (2.5min and 5.0min) were performed to analyse the chemical degradation of diaphragms. Degradation analysis was performed using digital macrography of the diaphragm surfaces and the diaphragms stiffness was analysed by tensile tests. An FBG was embedded in the diaphragm which was vulcanized using the temperature and time which resulted in the lowest rubber degradation, and a compression test was performed. Results of the digital macrography show that diaphragms vulcanized at 125°C presented smaller degradation areas, in which diaphragms with 0.5mm rubbers presented an area degradation mean of 17.5%, whereas 1.0mm rubbers presented 14.5%, and 1.5mm rubbers showed 11.0%. Moreover, greater thickness led to smaller degraded area for the same temperature and vulcanization time. Thus, for the same thickness in the rubber, the higher vulcanization temperature results in a higher material stiffness, where stiffness is directly related to the reduction of cross-links due to the degraded area. Results of the sensitivity test using diaphragms vulcanized at 125°C showed a pressure sensitivity of 11.67kPa/mm and wavelength sensitivity of 456.1pm/mm for 0.5mm rubber thicknesses, 18.04kPa/mm pressure sensitivity, and 112.3pm/mm wavelength sensitivity for 1.0mm rubber thickness and 31.55kPa/mm pressure sensitivity and 913.8pm/mm wavelength sensitivity for 1.5mm rubber thickness. It concludes that the 0.5mm rubber vulcanized diaphragm obtained higher sensitivity when comparing pressure and wavelength.
Image Super-Resolution via Multi-scale Channel Attention Residual Network

The refinement of existing CNN-based Super-resolution Reconstruction (SR) networks mainly focuses on deeper network architecture, which hinders the transmission of information in the networks. A deeper network is unable to make full use of intermediate correlation features and makes the training of the network difficult. To solve these problems, we propose a multi-scale channel attention residual network (MCAR). Specifically, we propose a multi-scale channel attention fusion module (MCAF) to learn local and global channels feature and capture the long-range dependencies. Furthermore, the multi-scale block is adopted to get the different scale feature representations. The experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that our models can effectively improve the visual effect of images, and outperform most of the advanced SISR methods in PSNR and SSIM.
Design of Grid Communication Data Gateway Filtering System Based on Microservice Architecture

The grid communication data gateway filtering system has the problem of excessive memory overhead, so a grid communication data gateway filtering system based on micro-service architecture is designed. For the hardware part, the system can support mounting a U disk with a capacity of 16 G and above and use NAND FLASH to realize the expansion of solidified code and storage space. For the software part, the system can get the gateway communication parameters, calculate the bit rate of grid communication data transmission, and match a specific duty cycle. Besides, it can set the existing network port authentication mode according to the instructions, start the gateway filtering program, design the power grid communication data reliability judgment rule base, and optimize the filtering mode based on the micro-service architecture. The test results are that under the conditions of a different number of sensitive words, the average memory overhead of the designed system is 75.93 MB, indicating that the system has better overhead performance under the influence of the microservice architecture.
Characterization of Light Diffraction by a Digital Micromirror Device

A Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) is a technology developed by Texas Instruments, that consists in a two-dimensional array of micromirrors, which can be individually tilted between two positions. It has been used as a digital video and image processing solution, commonly found in Digital Light Processing (DLP) video projectors. Over the years, DMDs have become popular in different fields: industrial, automotive, medical, government and home user solutions. In the astronomy field, it has been also considered in on-ground space instrumentation and it has been proposed for the development of some astrophysical space instruments. In order to evaluate the actual impact of such device in the instrument optical design, it is important to know how the light behaves when it interacts with a DMD, namely in what regards to the diffraction process when a light beam is reflected by a periodic array of micromirrors. In this study we describe how we simulate the diffraction patterns produced by a periodic array of micromirrors, for coherent and incoherent sources of light. The results from simulations are verified against laboratory experiments, described also in this study.
Understanding anaemia and stunting among young women in a rural setting of Indonesia

Background Indonesian Ministry of Health stated that around 80% of Indonesian women aged between 15-24 years are anaemic, and 30% of children are stunted. The leading cause of this problem is poor quality food, including poor micronutrient quality, low dietary diversity and low intake of animal-source foods. Preconceptional young women who are anaemic and stunted have a risk of giving birth to stunted children later in life if their nutrition is not immediately improved. This study aims to have a deeper understanding of anaemia and stunting conditions among young women in the rural setting of Indonesia. Methods Twenty young women with the anaemic and stunting condition aged between 15 - 19 years were recruited through the randomly selected patient in the outpatient department of Public Health Center (Puskesmas) in the rural area of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta from October to November 2022. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted with the following area early marriage, cause and effect of anemia and stunting, and women health-seeking behavior. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically. Results Young women with anaemic and stunting condition are having powerlessness where they are unable in determining daily diet, arise from a low-income family and have no choice in their life course. They are suffering from financial difficulties and food insecurity, resulting in inadequate nutrition and stunting. They also believe that early marriage is a viable option for their own and their children's well-being. Conclusion This study is the evidence of young women powerlessness in the rural area of Indonesia. The understanding could contribute to develop evidence-based, effective, and efficient policies and regulations. The existing health system needs to reinforce the support for young women to reduce risks in early life and improve their health across the life course. The intervention could include promoting access to nutritious foods, good hygiene, family planning education, and access to health facilities and services.