Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angina in Women without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, sometimes referred to as cardiac syndrome X (CSX), is a debilitating condition that disproportionately affects women. More than 50% of women evaluated for angina have non-obstructive disease by cardiac catheterization, although the total numbers of women affected by CSX are unknown. Varying clinical definitions and the lack of large scale epidemiologic studies focusing on this illness have resulted in limited knowledge about its risk factors, although there appears to be an association with black race, estrogen deficiency, and insulin resistance. Contrary to prior beliefs about the benign nature of this entity, these women suffer considerable morbidity with costly economic implications that approach the lifetime costs of healthcare utilization for those with obstructive coronary disease. Two prevailing hypotheses have emerged to explain CSX: the ischemic hypothesis detailing abnormal coronary microvascular function and the non-ischemic hypothesis describing altered pain perception and myocardial hypersensitivity. Treatment strategies have focused on both of these pathways with the main goal of improving symptoms. Beta blockers provide the most convincing evidence for benefit, with other antianginals having secondary roles. Other promising pharmacologic therapies include xanthine derivatives, estrogen replacement therapy, ACE inhibitors, and statin medications, among other emerging treatment options. Neurostimulation and lifestyle factors including exercise can also be beneficial in reducing symptoms. However, managing patients with CSX can be frustrating for both patients and physicians, as there is a lack of data regarding an optimal treatment algorithm including few large-scale randomized controlled trials to clarify effective therapies.
Subclinical hypothyroidism: Controversies to consensus

Diagnoses of subclinicaal hypothyroidism (SCH) is biochemically made, when serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels is elevated while free thyroid hormone levels are within normal reference range. SCH is diagnosed after excluding all other causes of elevated TSH levels. Symptoms of SCH may vary from being asymptomatic to having mild nonspecific symptoms. The risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism is related to number of factors including initial serum TSH concentration, presence of auto antibodies, family history and presence goiter. Various screening recommendations for thyroid function assessment are in practice. There are still controversies surrounding SCH and associated risk of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), pregnancy outcomes, neuropsychiatric issues, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. Consensus will require more large randomized clinical studies involving various age groups and medical condition, especially in developing countries. All these efforts will definitely improve our understanding of disease and ultimately patient outcomes.
Unmasking One’s True Self Facilitates Positive Relational Outcomes

Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are motivated to conceal what they perceive to be personal inadequacies. They recognize, however, that their behavior does not convey who they genuinely are. Here, we examined whether increasing perceived authenticity facilitates positive social functioning in these individuals. Participants diagnosed with SAD (N = 72) engaged in two social interactions with experimental confederates. Prior to the second interaction, participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions equated on all elements except a safety behavior reduction procedure intended to increase self-authenticity. As hypothesized, increased authenticity led to beneficial changes in the cognitive, affective, and motivation processes that promote relational functioning. These results suggest that the experience of expressing one’s authentic self may reduce SAD-related social impairment.
Community Trial of a Comprehensive Psychosocial Treatment for HFASDs

This community effectiveness trial examined the feasibility and efficacy of a comprehensive psychosocial treatment for 28 children, aged 7 to 10 years with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASDs). Treatment included instruction and therapeutic activities targeting social skills, face-emotion recognition skills, interest expansion, and interpretation of non-literal language skills. A behavioral program was instituted to foster skills acquisition and reduce ASD symptoms and problem behaviors. Feasibility was supported in high levels of fidelity and satisfaction. Significant improvements were found for the children’s non-literal language skills and parent ratings of target social and communicative skills, broader social performance, and ASD symptoms. Secondary staff ratings corroborated parent ratings. Results suggest that the treatment, when administered by a community agency, was feasible and yielded positive outcomes similar to prior randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
A Sea-Sky Line Detection Method for Unmanned Surface Vehicles Based on Gradient Saliency

Special features in real marine environments such as cloud clutter, sea glint and weather conditions always result in various kinds of interference in optical images, which make it very difficult for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to detect the sea-sky line (SSL) accurately. To solve this problem a saliency-based SSL detection method is proposed. Through the computation of gradient saliency the line features of SSL are enhanced effectively, while other interference factors are relatively suppressed, and line support regions are obtained by a region growing method on gradient orientation. The SSL identification is achieved according to region contrast, line segment length and orientation features, and optimal state estimation of SSL detection is implemented by introducing a cubature Kalman filter (CKF). In the end, the proposed method is tested on a benchmark dataset from the “XL” USV in a real marine environment, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is significantly superior to other state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy rate and real-time performance, and its accuracy and stability are effectively improved by the CKF.
Design of a High-Isolation 35/94-GHz Dual-Frequency Orthogonal-Polarization Cassegrain Antenna

In this letter, a novel high-isolation 35/94-GHz dual-frequency orthogonal Cassegrain antenna is designed. The antenna consists of a <italic>D</italic> = 800 mm main reflector, a subreflector, and a dual-band orthogonal-polarization feed. In order to get similar feed horn's <italic>E</italic>–<italic>H</italic> radiation patterns and similar phase center positions at the dual frequencies separately, the dual-mode conical horn is designed in the feed. For obtaining a high isolation, a three-order low-pass filter is designed in the Ka-band waveguide feed port. The measured antenna gains are 43.6 and 51.3 dBi, and the sidelobe levels are −27.5 and −26.5 dB at 35 and 94 GHz, respectively. The isolation between the two ports is −61.0 dB in the Ka-band and −63.5 dB in the W-band. The proposed antenna is a suitable candidate for a dual-band radar system.
Spectral Clustering-based Classification

Multi-class classification is a challenging problem in pattern recognition. Clustering-based Classification (CC) is one of the most effective classification methods that first divides data into several clusters, each cluster then being described by a One-Class Classifier (OCC). Scalability and accuracy are two key advantages of this clustering-enhanced approach. In continuation of this strategy, in this paper, we further propose Spectral Clustering-based Classification (SCC). In contrast to many other clustering algorithms, Spectral Clustering (SC) aims to put the more mutually interconnected data points in one cluster, hence producing output clusters with smoother borders. A simpler border is easier to be described by an OCC, leading to higher accuracy. Application to seven UCI data sets of various nature and size confirms this improved performance in terms of higher accuracy, while keeping scalability property.
Active surfaces for video tracking and 3-D segmentation based on a new method for multidimensional optimization

We propose an optimal framework for active surface extraction from video sequences. An active surface is a collection of active contours in successive frames such that the active contours are constrained by spatial and temporal energy terms. The spatial energy terms impose constraints on the active contour in a given frame. The temporal energy terms relate the active contours in different frames to preserve desired internal and external properties of the active surface. For computational efficiency, we reduce the 3-D active surface ((x,y,t) coordinates) optimization problem to a 2-D model ((φ,t) coordinates) by considering only point indices along normal lines φ of each contour and define the energy terms in a causal way. We develop an n-D dynamic tree programming algorithm to find the optimum of n-D semi-causal functions. We prove that the n-D dynamic tree programming algorithm converges to the global optimum. In particular, the classical 1-D dynamic programming algorithm is a special case of the n-D dynamic tree programming algorithm. The optimal active surface is subsequently obtained by using the 2-D dynamic tree programming algorithm. Simulation results show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach in active surface extraction for video tracking and segmentation of the human head in real-world video sequences.
Myotonic Dystrophies 1 and 2: Complex Diseases with Complex Mechanisms

Two multi-system disorders, Myotonic Dystrophies type 1 and type 2 (DM1 and DM2), are complex neuromuscular diseases caused by an accumulation of expanded, non-coding RNAs, containing repetitive CUG and CCUG elements. Similarities of these mutations suggest similar mechanisms for both diseases. The expanded CUGn and CCUGn RNAs mainly target two RNA binding proteins, MBNL1 and CUGBP1, elevating levels of CUGBP1 and reducing levels of MBNL1. These alterations change processing of RNAs that are regulated by these proteins. Whereas overall toxicity of CUGn/CCUGn RNAs on RNA homeostasis in DM cells has been proven, the mechanisms which make these RNAs toxic remain illusive. A current view is that the toxicity of RNA CUGn and CCUGn is associated exclusively with global mis-splicing in DM patients. However, a growing number of new findings show that the expansion of CUGn and CCUGn RNAs mis-regulates several additional pathways in nuclei and cytoplasm of cells from patients with DM1 and DM2. The purpose of this review is to discuss the similarities and differences in the clinical presentation and molecular genetics of both diseases. We will also discuss the complexity of the molecular abnormalities in DM1 and DM2 caused by CUG and CCUG repeats and will summarize the outcomes of the toxicity of CUG and CCUG repeats.
Lexical Paraphrasing for Document Retrieval and Node Identification

We investigate lexical paraphrasing in the context of two distinct applications: document retrieval and node identification. Document retrieval --- the first step in question answering --- retrieves documents that contain answers to user queries. Node identification --- performed in the context of a Bayesian argumentation system --- matches users' Natural Language sentences to nodes in a Bayesian network. Lexical paraphrases are generated using syntactic, semantic and corpus-based information. Our evaluation shows that lexical paraphrasing improves retrieval performance for both applications.
Effects of cholinergic and adrenergic agents and their antagonists at the neuromuscular junction of the cat extraocular muscles.

D,uke-Elder and Duke-Elder first re ported on the action of choline and nicotine on the mammalian extraocular muscle; this was followed by a study by Brown and Harvey on the cat extrinsic eye muscle. Since then very little investigation has been reported on mammalian extraocular muscle, except by Breinin. Recently, more detailed investigation of cat extraocular muscle has been reported following administration of cholinomimetics, neuromuscular blocking agents, and certain sympathomimetics. '" It is the purpose of this publication to present a summarized account of these and earlier investigations.
Hepatitis B in pregnancy

Objective Vertical transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the commonest mode of infection and can be prevented with immunoprophylaxis of the infant and antiviral therapy in the mother. Our aim was to review a cohort of subjects with HBV in pregnancy to determine the prevalence of active disease or high HBV-DNA levels that required treatment to prevent transmission, and to review the management of mothers and infants. Methods A retrospective case-note review was conducted of all the HBV-infected pregnant women and their infants who attended the Newcastle obstetric services from 2007 to 2011. Results There were 113 pregnancies in 81 women (median age 28 years; 15% hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive) during 2007–11. 71% of mothers were first diagnosed with HBV during pregnancy. The mothers were born in 28 different countries. 69% of mothers had an HBV-DNA level less than 2000 IU/mL and 13% had HBV-DNA levels greater than 1.0×107 IU/mL so would be eligible for antiviral therapy to prevent transmission to the infant. 9% had active eAg-positive HBV and 3% had active eAg-negative HBV requiring treatment. All infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers received hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) appropriately and 76% of infants received a full HBV vaccination course. One infant born to an HBeAg-negative mother was hepatitis B surface antigen positive 1 year post-delivery. Conclusions One in six women had active HBV requiring treatment or high HBV-DNA levels that would benefit from antiviral treatment to reduce the transmission risk. HBIG was administered appropriately but completion of the vaccination course was suboptimal.
Beyond dependence: An identity approach to social power and domination

This article outlines a new approach to the social psychology of power. Specifically, it challenges the currently influential conflictoriented dependence analysis, in which power operates as an almost exclusively repressive force. Drawing on relevant work from other social science disciplines, the article presents an identity model of power, in which both consensus and conflict play important roles. The model theorizes power as a productive as well as repressive force, and differentiates between social power toachieve desired outcomes and social power overothers (domination). The implications of the model for two classic issues in the power literature are considered: the relationship between power and status, and challenges to power (resistance and social change). The model's empirical potential is also discussed.
ON THE FORMATION OF GLYCOLALDEHYDE IN DENSE MOLECULAR CORES

Glycolaldehyde is a simple monosaccharide sugar linked to prebiotic chemistry. Recently, it was detected in a molecular core in the star-forming region G31.41+0.31 at a reasonably high abundance. We investigate the formation of glycolaldehyde at 10 K to determine whether it can form efficiently under typical dense core conditions. Using an astrochemical model, we test five different reaction mechanisms that have been proposed in the astrophysical literature, finding that a gas-phase formation route is unlikely. Of the grain-surface formation routes, only two are efficient enough at very low temperatures to produce sufficient glycolaldehyde to match the observational estimates, with the mechanism culminating in CH3OH + HCO being favored. However, when we consider the feasibility of these mechanisms from a reaction chemistry perspective, the second grain-surface route looks more promising, H3CO + HCO.
Attentional Landmarks and Active Gaze Control for Visual SLAM

This paper is centered around landmark detection, tracking, and matching for visual simultaneous localization and mapping using a monocular vision system with active gaze control. We present a system that specializes in creating and maintaining a sparse set of landmarks based on a biologically motivated feature-selection strategy. A visual attention system detects salient features that are highly discriminative and ideal candidates for visual landmarks that are easy to redetect. Features are tracked over several frames to determine stable landmarks and to estimate their 3-D position in the environment. Matching of current landmarks to database entries enables loop closing. Active gaze control allows us to overcome some of the limitations of using a monocular vision system with a relatively small field of view. It supports 1) the tracking of landmarks that enable a better pose estimation, 2) the exploration of regions without landmarks to obtain a better distribution of landmarks in the environment, and 3) the active redetection of landmarks to enable loop closing in situations in which a fixed camera fails to close the loop. Several real-world experiments show that accurate pose estimation is obtained with the presented system and that active camera control outperforms the passive approach.
Traffic engineering for information-centric networks

Information-centric networking (ICN) proposes a networking architecture that uses methodologies such as publish-subscribe to achieve a data-oriented approach as opposed to a destination based approach found in the current Internet. This new architecture brings both new problems to be solved and also natural solutions to existing problems. This paper investigates an intra-domain traffic engineering (TE) problem for an information-centric networking (ICN) architecture where a form of source routing is used as the forwarding mechanism. The TE goal is to maximise the residual capacity in the network so that the load is spread evenly. A network flow approach is used and it is shown that the source routing mechanism allows the traffic to be split across multiple paths in a manner that is difficult to achieve using existing IP or IP/MPLS networks. Allowing splittable flows means that a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme can be used that has superior results when compared to existing constraint based routing schemes for flows that cannot be split. Consequently, this work demonstrates that the ICN architecture can simplify the given TE problem in a natural manner.
Retinitis Pigmentosa: Genes and Disease Mechanisms

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited disorders affecting 1 in 3000-7000 people and characterized by abnormalities of the photoreceptors (rods and cones) or the retinal pigment epithelium of the retina which lead to progressive visual loss. RP can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked manner. While usually limited to the eye, RP may also occur as part of a syndrome as in the Usher syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Over 40 genes have been associated with RP so far, with the majority of them expressed in either the photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium. The tremendous heterogeneity of the disease makes the genetics of RP complicated, thus rendering genotype-phenotype correlations not fully applicable yet. In addition to the multiplicity of mutations, in fact, different mutations in the same gene may cause different diseases. We will here review which genes are involved in the genesis of RP and how mutations can lead to retinal degeneration. In the future, a more thorough analysis of genetic and clinical data together with a better understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation might allow to reveal important information with respect to the likelihood of disease development and choices of therapy.
European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics – 2010

This is the fourth edition of a data collection initiative that started in 1993 under the umbrella of the Council of Europe. The present document covers the years of 2003-2006 for all areas. In-depth analysis are presented for the year 2006. The basic structure of five chapters - offences and offenders known to the police, prosecution, convictions and sentences, corrections including non-custodial sanctions and survey data - has been maintained. However, several chapters were revised and extended in various respects. Chapter 5 presents data from the International Victimisation Surveys conducted between 1989 and 2005. In addition, for the first time information is included on self-reported delinquency among juveniles (aged 13-16) that was collected in 2006 during the second international self-reported delinquency survey held in 17 European countries. The data presented here will be available on www.europeansourcebook. org as well.
Intelligence: Foundations and Issues in Assessment

There is no more central topic in psychology than intelligence and intelligence testing. With a history as long as psychology itself, intelligence is the most studied and likely the best understood construct in psychology, albeit still with many “unknowns. ” The psychometric sophistication employed in creating intelligence tests is at the highest level. The authors provide an overview of the history, theory, and assessment of intelligence. Five questions are proposed and discussed that focus on key areas of confusion or misunderstanding associated with the measurement and assessment of intelligence.
Dynamic slicing for mobile network infrastructures: Challenges, opportunities and business aspects

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm provides many features including hardware abstraction, programmable networking and centralized policy control to networks. In the next generation mobile networks, one of the main benefits that can be used along with these features is core/backhaul SDN-based network virtualization. In this article, we propose a novel shared SDN-based Evolved Packet System (EPS) architecture where a network virtualization controller is utilized to ensure dynamic slicing and sharing of mobile core and backhaul networks among several Mobile Operators (MOs). In the proposed architecture, infrastructure owner that owns the SDN-based network infrastructure can exploit network virtualization benefits of SDN by formulating an appropriate evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs) assignment mechanism among MOs as a consequence of core/backhaul network virtualization. This mechanism uses various scheduling algorithms based on the instantaneous traffic demands of MOs while guaranteeing their own quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. In respect to this, we investigate the performance of shared architecture with the use of both QoS-aware and QoS-unaware schedulers through Monte Carlo simulations and compare them with traditional EPS of Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks in terms of fairness, capacity and satisfied-MO-ratio and the challenges, opportunities and business perspectives of our proposed architecture are addressed as well.