Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A LARGE-AREA SURVEY FOR RADIO PULSARS AT HIGH GALACTIC LATITUDES

We have completed a survey for pulsars at high Galactic latitudes with the 64 m Parkes radio telescope. Observing with the 13 beam multibeam receiver at a frequency of 1374 MHz, we covered ∼4150 square degrees in the region −100° ⩽ l ⩽ 50°, 15° ⩽ |b| ⩽ 30° with 7232 pointings of 265 s each, thus extending the Swinburne Intermediate Latitude Pulsar Survey a further 15° on either side of the Galactic plane. The signal from each beam was processed by a 96 channel × 3 MHz × 2 polarization filterbank, with the detected power in the two polarizations of each frequency channel summed and digitized with 1 bit sampling every 125 μs, giving good sensitivity to millisecond pulsars with low or moderate dispersion measure. The resulting 2.4 TB data set was processed using standard pulsar search techniques with the workstation cluster at the Swinburne Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing. This survey resulted in the discovery of 26 new pulsars including seven binary and/or millisecond pulsars, and redetected 36 previously known pulsars. We describe the survey methodology and results, and present timing solutions for the 19 newly discovered slow pulsars, as well as for nine slow pulsars discovered the Swinburne Intermediate Latitude Pulsar Survey that had no previous timing solutions. Even with a small sampling interval, 1374 MHz center frequency, and a large mid-latitude survey volume we failed to detect any very rapidly spinning pulsars. Evidently, such “submillisecond” pulsars are rare.
Priority-Based Hybrid Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

By the wide range of researches on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), various routing schemes with diverse criterion have been introduced. However, techniques that consider the characteristics of the sensed data as definitive parameters in determining the behavior of WSNs are extremely rare. In most monitoring applications, sampled data are not equal in their importance. Unexpected data is more likely to be important. That is, data collected during abrupt changes in the environment are more critical than the others. In this paper, we propose Priority-Based Hybrid Routing (PHR) that provides functions ranging from data priority verification to differentiated services according to different priorities. Data priorities, or importance, are determined by their distinctiveness in relation to past data. Dixon's Test, a hypothesis testing method, is adopted for the process. To provide more reliable routing method for high priority data, PHR offers them a novel, diffusion-based forwarding scheme, referred to as Geographic Diffusion. On the other hand, low priority data are delivered by a famous single path routing algorithm, Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV). Furthermore, AODV is revised to compensate with the increased traffic caused by Geographic Diffusion. The performance of PHR is evaluated through various simulations.
Dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A regulates visual pigment regeneration and the dark adaptation of mammalian photoreceptors

Significance Resetting G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) from their active state to their biologically inert ground state driven by reversible phosphorylation and arrestin binding is an integral part of GPCR signaling. Visual pigments in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors represent a classic example of GPCR signaling. Although pigment inactivation by phosphorylation is well understood, the enzyme(s) responsible for pigment dephosphorylation and the functional significance of this reaction remain largely unknown. Here, we show that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is expressed in mouse photoreceptors and that its targeted ablation compromises, but does not fully block, their pigment dephosphorylation, visual chromophore recycling, and dark adaptation after >90% bleach. We conclude that visual pigments are dephosphorylated by PP2A and that this reaction regulates dark adaptation of photoreceptors. Resetting of G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) from their active state back to their biologically inert ground state is an integral part of GPCR signaling. This “on–off” GPCR cycle is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. Retinal rod and cone photoreceptors arguably represent the best-understood example of such GPCR signaling. Their visual pigments (opsins) are activated by light, transduce the signal, and are then inactivated by a GPCR kinase and arrestin. Although pigment inactivation by phosphorylation is well understood, the enzyme(s) responsible for pigment dephosphorylation and the functional significance of this reaction remain unknown. Here, we show that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) acts as opsin phosphatase in both rods and cones. Elimination of PP2A substantially slows pigment dephosphorylation, visual chromophore recycling, and ultimately photoreceptor dark adaptation. These findings demonstrate that visual pigment dephosphorylation regulates the dark adaptation of photoreceptors and provide insights into the role of this reaction in GPCR signaling.
ALTERED STATES : THE IMPACT OF THE NEW ECONOMY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

We use a ‘reflexive’ institutional perspective to examine the potential impact of the current drive towards a digital economy in Asia’s developing countries and the growth in Internet technologies, upon social, environmental, and economic axes of sustainable development in the region. Conventional institutional perspectives recognize the role that formal and informal ‘rule-setting’ by Governments plays in shaping corporate organizational behavior and performance. However, the reflexive impact of market and economic transformations on state institutions and policy has received less attention. Equally, the performance assessment of economies and sectors within the institutional perspective is confined mainly to an exclusive set of purely economic indicators. We aim to widen the institutional perspective by elucidating the impacts of economic and industrial change on state institutions, and the implications of both of these processes for a wider set of economic, social, and ecological indicators, or ‘sustainable development’. As a specific case of institutional transformation, we explore new constraints and opportunities in Asian developing countries as they come to terms with economic changes brought by the New Economy. After decades of uninhibited growth, which brought rising material standards of living, the Asian financial crisis instigated the transformation of existing industries and the rise of new ones, especially in the highly entrepreneurial information and communications technology sectors. At the same time, sustainable development, traditionally considered a luxury unaffordable in the rapidly developing states of Asia, has become an imperative for governments and businesses, as public health in very large Asian cities continues to deteriorate. Thus, the primacy of economic performance over social and ecological goals is being reconsidered. We argue that the trajectory of sustainable development in Asia depends upon whether or not Asian governments can continue to integrate industrial and social policy in an environmentally sustainable way. This case in turn has implications for other governments and businesses seeking to achieve social and environmental goals in the context of the New Economy.
The Role of B Cells in the Development of CD4 Effector T Cells during a Polarized Th2 Immune Response1

Previous studies have suggested that B cells promote Th2 cell development by inhibiting Th1 cell differentiation. To examine whether B cells are directly required for the development of IL-4-producing T cells in the lymph node during a highly polarized Th2 response, B cell-deficient and wild-type mice were inoculated with the nematode parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. On day 7, in the absence of increased IFN-γ, IL-4 protein and gene expression from CD4 T cells in the draining lymph nodes were markedly reduced in B cell-deficient mice and could not be restored by multiple immunizations. Using a DO11.10 T cell adoptive transfer system, OVA-specific T cell IL-4 production and cell cycle progression, but not cell surface expression of early activation markers, were impaired in B cell-deficient recipient mice following immunization with N. brasiliensis plus OVA. Laser capture microdissection and immunofluorescent staining showed that pronounced IL-4 mRNA and protein secretion by donor DO11.10 T cells first occurred in the T cell:B cell zone of the lymph node shortly after inoculation of IL-4−/− recipients, suggesting that this microenvironment is critical for initial Th2 cell development. Reconstitution of B cell-deficient mice with wild-type naive B cells, or IL-4−/− B cells, substantially restored Ag-specific T cell IL-4 production. However, reconstitution with B7-1/B7-2-deficient B cells failed to rescue the IL-4-producing DO11.10 T cells. These results suggest that B cells, expressing B7 costimulatory molecules, are required in the absence of an underlying IFN-γ-mediated response for the development of a polarized primary Ag-specific Th2 response in vivo.
Structure recognition on sequences with a neuro-fuzzy-system

We present a formal description of a neurofuzzy system capable of aligning two sequences recognizing their internal structure. The alignment is done on two levels: grouping of the elements and alignment of groups. The system incorporates expert knowledge on both levels. Furthermore, it can be optimized by a learning algorithm adapted from the neural network domain. The system has been applied to the analysis of musical rhythm in the program RhythmScan which aligns rhythm patterns, e.g. for music tuition. This application is trained with data collected from real-life scenarios and it performs adequately on 97% of the used sample set.
An unusual route to thermostability disclosed by the comparison of thermus thermophilus and escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatases

The structures of Escherichia coli soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (E‐PPase) and Thermus thermophilus soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (T‐PPase) have been compared to find the basis for the superior thermostability of T‐PPase. Both enzymes are D3 hexamers and crystallize in the same space group with very similar cell dimensions. Two rather small changes occur in the T‐PPase monomer: a systematic removal of Ser residues and insertion of Arg residues, but only in the C‐terminal part of the protein, and more long‐range ion pairs from the C‐terminal helix to the rest of the molecule. Apart from the first five residues, the three‐dimensional structures of E‐PPase and T‐PPase monomers are very similar.
Dump and analysis of Android volatile memory on Wechat

With the popularity of smartphones, various types of mobile crimes emerge endlessly. Evidence from mobile phones is mostly obtained by non-volatile physical memory dump and file system analysis. The two methods can extract lots of private data, but often invalid for encrypted and deleted data. In this paper, we discuss the Android volatile memory and introduce some methods to dump the memory. Analysis on the Android volatile memory are also presented using software tools. At last the paper provides an in-depth analysis of Android memory structures to extract the encrypted chats and deleted messages on a popular social network application called Wechat [1]. The results show that all chats can be extracted in the form of plaintext, including some deleted messages.
Choice under uncertainty in developing countries

We review experimental evidence collected from risky choice experiments using poor subjects in Ethiopia, India and Uganda. Using these data we estimate that just over 50% of our sample behaves in accordance with expected utility theory and that the rest subjectively weight probability according to prospect theory. Our results show that inferences about risk aversion are robust to whichever model we adopt when we estimate each model separately. However, when we allow both models to explain portions of the data simultaneously, we infer risk aversion for subjects behaving according to expected utility theory and risk seeking behavior for subjects behaving according to prospect theory. We conclude that the current practice of designing policies under the assumption that one or other explains all behavior is fundamentally flawed.
An Adaptive Cauchy Differential Evolution Algorithm with Bias Strategy Adaptation Mechanism for Global Numerical Optimization

Appropriately adapting mutation strategies is a challengeable problem of the literature of the Differential Evolution (DE). The Strategy adaptation Mechanism (SaM) can convert a control parameter adaptation algorithm to a strategy adaptation algorithm. To improve the quality of optimization result, the exploration property is important in the early stage of optimization process and the exploitation property is significant in the late stage of optimization process. To ensure these, we modified the SaM for strictly controlling a balance between the exploration and the exploitation properties, which called the bias SaM (bSaM). We extended the Adaptive Cauchy Differential Evolution (ACDE) by attaching the bSaM. We compared the bSaM with SaM and the bSaM extended ACDE with the state-of-the-art DE algorithms in various benchmark problems. The result of the performance evaluation showed that the bSaM and the bSaM extended ACDE performs better than SaM and the state-of-the-art DE algorithms not only unimodal but also multimodal benchmark problems.
Small Signaling Peptides in Arabidopsis Development: How Cells Communicate Over a Short Distance

To sustain plants’ postembryonic growth and development in a structure of cells fixed in cell walls, a tightly controlled short distance cell–cell communication is required. The focus on phytohormones, such as auxin, has historically overshadowed the importance of small peptide signals, but it is becoming clear that secreted peptide signals are important in cell–cell communication to coordinate and integrate cellular functions. However, of the more than 1000 potential secreted peptides, so far only very few have been functionally characterized or matched to a receptor. Here, we will describe our current knowledge on how small peptide signals can be identified, how they are modified and processed, which roles they play in Arabidopsis thaliana development, and through which receptors they act.
Small intestinal malabsorption in chronic alcoholism determined by 13C-D-xylose breath test and microscopic examination of the duodenal mucosa

Abstract Objective. Diarrhea, weight loss and osteoporosis are prominent symptoms and clinical signs of alcoholism. One of several possible factors causing this clinical picture is small intestinal damage leading to malabsorption. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate small intestinal absorption in alcoholics using the 13C-D-xylose breath test, and to relate the breath test results to morphological findings of the duodenal mucosa. Material and methods. Sixteen alcoholics without liver failure or serious illness and presenting symptoms of dyspepsia, nausea or diarrhea were included. The 13C-D-xylose breath test was performed in 14 of the included subjects. The breath tests of the alcoholics were compared to those of untreated coeliac patients and healthy subjects. Duodenal biopsy specimens were taken for assessment of epithelial morphology in 14 of the included subjects, using light- and electron microscopic techniques. Results. Alcoholics had significantly reduced absorption of 13C-D-xylose compared to healthy subjects. The time curve of 13C-D-xylose absorption in the group of alcoholics was similar in appearance to that of untreated coeliac patients. Alcoholic patients had few light microscopic changes, but electron microscopic examination exposed morphological pathology in the majority of the patients, with a reduced surface area of microvilli as the main finding. Conclusions. Alcoholics have a pathological 13C-D-xylose breath test with a time curve similar to that of untreated coeliac patients. This implies a condition of malabsorption. The morphological pathology found included a reduced absorptive area due to pathology of microvilli. These findings may explain our breath test results.
Time-Varying Perturbations Can Distinguish Among Integrate-to-Threshold Models for Perceptual Decision Making in Reaction Time Tasks

Abstract Several integrate-to-threshold models with differing temporal integration mechanisms have been proposed to describe the accumulation of sensory evidence to a prescribed level prior to motor response in perceptual decision-making tasks. An experiment and simulation studies have shown that the introduction of time-varying perturbations during integration may distinguish among some of these models. Here, we present computer simulations and mathematical proofs that provide more rigorous comparisons among one-dimensional stochastic differential equation models. Using two perturbation protocols and focusing on the resulting changes in the means and standard deviations of decision times, we show that for high signal-to-noise ratios, drift-diffusion models with constant and time-varying drift rates can be distinguished from Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, but not necessarily from each other. The protocols can also distinguish stable from unstable Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, and we show that a nonlinear integrator can be distinguished from these linear models by changes in standard deviations. The protocols can be implemented in behavioral experiments.
CORROSION TESTS WITH CONCRETE CONTAINING SALTS OF ALKENYL-SUBSTITUTED SUCCINIC ACID

Normally, alkaline cement paste protects steel reinforcement from corroding by facilitating the formation of a thin passive film on the steel. However, chloride ions from deicing salts can migrate through hardened concrete and allow corrosion to occur even in an alkaline environment. The ideal concrete corrosion protection system would be cost-effective and would prevent corrosion for the service life of the structure; however, this ideal solution is not yet available. Corrosion inhibitor admixtures are a good choice to delay reinforcement corrosion because of their nonskill-dependent usage and low maintenance requirements. This research studied a chemical that improved concrete durability in several ways: by improving corrosion resistance; by reducing water penetration; and by providing freeze-and-thaw resistance. Two variations of this chemical, described as alkali metal and ammonium salts of an alkenyl-substituted succinic acid, were used in 48 weeks of corrosion testing on reinforced concrete using linear polarization methods. Performance was compared with concrete cast using commercial admixtures. The results of this research, which should be of interest to state departments of transportation, engineers, material suppliers, and material developers, are provided and discussed.
“The Octet”: Eight Protein Kinases that Control Mammalian DNA Replication

Development of a fertilized human egg into an average sized adult requires about 29 trillion cell divisions, thereby producing enough DNA to stretch to the Sun and back 200 times (DePamphilis and Bell, 2011)! Even more amazing is the fact that throughout these mitotic cell cycles, the human genome is duplicated once and only once each time a cell divides. If a cell accidentally begins to re-replicate its nuclear DNA prior to cell division, checkpoint pathways trigger apoptosis. And yet, some cells are developmentally programmed to respond to environmental cues by switching from mitotic cell cycles to endocycles, a process in which multiple S phases occur in the absence of either mitosis or cytokinesis. Endocycles allow production of viable, differentiated, polyploid cells that no longer proliferate. What is surprising is that among the 516 (Manning et al., 2002) to 557 (BioMart web site) protein kinases encoded by the human genome, only eight regulate nuclear DNA replication directly. These are Cdk1, Cdk2, Cdk4, Cdk6, Cdk7, Cdc7, Checkpoint kinase-1 (Chk1), and Checkpoint kinase-2. Even more remarkable is the fact that only four of these enzymes (Cdk1, Cdk7, Cdc7, and Chk1) are essential for mammalian development. Here we describe how these protein kinases determine when DNA replication occurs during mitotic cell cycles, how mammalian cells switch from mitotic cell cycles to endocycles, and how cancer cells can be selectively targeted for destruction by inducing them to begin a second S phase before mitosis is complete.
FAST ABSTRACT : Stochastic Model-based Testing for Human-Robot Interaction

In recent years, algorithms have been developed to enable robots to operate autonomously and to interact with humans. However, the uncertainty associated with sensing and actuation on robots makes reliability a formidable challenge to their widespread deployment in critical real-world applications such as health-care. This paper outlines a stochastic testing framework to assess the reliability of mobile robots in human-robot interaction domains. It introduces a two-stage adaptive scheme for test case generation and a probabilistic representation of the status (i.e., passing or failing) of the test cases. The proposed approach is illustrated using a scenario where a mobile robot monitors the status of elderly residents.
Hepatic clearance models: comparison of the dispersion and Goresky models in outflow profiles from multiple indicator dilution rat liver studies.

The multiple indicator dilution (MID) technique is often used for investigation of the kinetic behavior of substrates and metabolites in eliminating organs. The present study was a systematic comparison of the utility of the Goresky model (GM) (a structural model) and the mixed-boundary dispersion model (DM) (a stochastic model) in the interpretation of influx, efflux, and removal (sequestration) coefficients, with data generated from rat liver-perfusion/MID studies. Although the GM and the DM are equivalent in their descriptions of membrane transport, they differ in their classifications of the dispersion of blood-borne elements. For the DM, the dispersion is an inverse Gaussian distribution of vascular transit times; for the GM, it is accounted for by the dispersion observed among noneliminated reference indicators (e.g. labeled red blood cells, albumin, sucrose, and H2O) or the derived reference. In this study, previously published rat liver-perfusion/MID data obtained for the glutathione conjugate of bromosulfophthalein and hippuric acid, compounds that exhibit saturable carrier-mediated transport, with the GM were reanalyzed with the two-compartment DM. When the fitted values for volume and transfer coefficients were compared, good correlation was found between the fitted vascular volume for the DM and the vascular volume for the reference indicator for the GM. The influx coefficients were generally similar between the models, but improved correspondence was observed when the DM was modified to include the large-vessel transit time. In contrast, the efflux and sequestration coefficients obtained for the DM did not correspond well to those from the GM. The disagreement was due, in part, to differences in the interpretation of the late-in-time component of the reference transit time distribution curve, which was not described well by the DM. Consequently, the residence time distribution and the relative dispersion were underestimated by the DM.