Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of selected botanical oils against the cassava whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and their effects on its feeding behaviour

The control of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides. There is a need to develop alternative control strategies due to concerns about impact of these insecticides on the environmental and human health, and the threat of insecticide resistance. Botanical oil extracts could potentially be used for the management of whiteflies and other pests. The study reported here therefore aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selected botanical oils against the cassava whitefly, B. tabaci and test their effect on its feeding behaviour. Patchouli oil treatment was the most effective at repelling whiteflies in no choice and choice experiments with up to 85% of whiteflies being repelled. Oviposition was also reduced 50–89% in patchouli. Neem was found to be effective at reducing oviposition, nymph and adult emergence by 50%, 70% and 80%, respectively, in a screenhouse no choice experiment. Patchouli significantly reduced the phloem ingestion phase (E2) by 40% and potential drops (pd) by 46% compared to control plants. Neem significantly increased the non‐probing duration by 48% and reduced pd by 50% compared to the control. Patchouli and neem were found to be the most effective among the selected botanical oils. These two oils should be further evaluated for efficacy under field conditions to determine suitability for recommendation as biopesticides against the cassava B. tabaci whitefly.
Tabu Search-Based Algorithm for Large Scale Crew Scheduling Problems

IN THIS PAPER, THE PROBLEM OF FINDING A WORK SCHEDULE FOR AIRLINE CREW MEMBERS IN A GIVEN TIME HORIZON IS TACKLED. THIS PROBLEM IS KNOWN IN THE LITERATURE AS AIRLINE CREW SCHEDULING. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO DEFINE THE MINIMUM COST SCHEDULES WHERE EACH CREW, ASSOCIATED TO A COMBINATION OF COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS OR "LEGS" CALLED "PAIRING", IS ASSIGNED TO ONE OR MORE FLIGHTS ENSURING THAT THE WHOLE SET OF FLIGHTS IS COVERED BY CREW MEMBERS. THE CREW SCHEDULING PROBLEM CAN BE MODELED BY USING THE SET COVERING FORMULATION. THIS PAPER PRESENTS A NEW ALGORITHM WHOSE CENTERPIECE IS A PRIMAL-TO-DUAL SCHEME AIMED AT LINKING ANY PRIMAL SOLUTION TO THE DUAL FEASIBLE VECTOR THAT BEST REFLECTS THE QUALITY OF THE PRIMAL SOLUTION. THIS NEW MECHANISM IS USED TO INTERTWINE A TABU SEARCH BASED, PRIMAL INTENSIVE, SCHEME WITH A LAGRANGIAN BASED, DUAL INTENSIVE, SCHEME TO DESIGN A PRIMAL-DUAL ALGORITHM THAT PROGRESSIVELY REDUCES THE GAP BETWEEN UPPER AND LOWER BOUND. THE ALGORITHM HAS BEEN TESTED ON BENCHMARK PROBLEMS FROM THE LITERATURE. IN THIS PAPER, RESULTS ON REAL-WORLD AIRLINE INSTANCES ARE PRESENTED: OUT OF SIX WELL-KNOWN PROBLEMS, THE ALGORITHM IS ABLE TO MATCH THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR FOUR OF THEM WHILE FOR THE LAST TWO, WHOSE OPTIMAL SOLUTION IS NOT KNOWN, A NEW BEST KNOWN SOLUTION IS FOUND.
The effect of silver diamine fluoride on the bond strength of glass ionomer to the enamel of primary teeth

ABSTRACT Background: Dental caries is a disease which is caused by the acidic by-products of the metabolic processes of dental plaque. Silver components are one of the clinical solutions to prevent caries. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application on the shear bond strength of glass ionomer to primary teeth enamel. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a total of 48 anterior sound primary teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12). The control group (G1) consisted of healthy primary teeth, and the three experimental groups (G2–G4) were composed of demineralized primary teeth. The second group did not undergo SDF treatment, the third group underwent SDF treatment, and the fourth group underwent SDF treatment plus polishing. Glass ionomer cylinders were bonded to all specimens and subsequently tested by a universal testing machine to measure the glass ionomer shear bond strength. The type of fracture was examined by a stereomicroscope. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS 22 statistical software. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and posthoc Tukey tests (α =0.05). Results: The mean shear bond strength of the glass ionomer was significantly higher in the control group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). The mean shear bond strength of glass ionomer was significantly higher in the SDF-treated group than in the non-SDF treated and SDF-treated and polished groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Although the glass ionomer bond strength to sound enamel was higher than other groups by a significant margin, the application of SDF increases the shear bond strength of the glass ionomer to remineralized white spot enamel in primary teeth.
Smelling Peppers and Pout Submitted to Convective Drying: Mathematical Modeling, Thermodynamic Properties and Proximal Composition

Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is among the oldest and most cultivated crops on the planet. Its fruits are widely used as natural condiments in the food industry for their color, flavor, and pungency properties. Peppers have abundant production; on the other hand, their fruits are perishable, deteriorating within a few days after harvesting. Therefore, they need adequate conservation methods to increase their useful life. This study aimed to mathematically model the drying kinetics of smelling peppers (Capsicum chinense) and pout peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to obtain the thermodynamic properties involved in the process and to determine the influence of drying on the proximal composition of these peppers. Whole peppers, containing the seeds, were dried in an oven with forced air circulation, at temperatures of 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C, with an air speed of 1.0 m/s. Ten models were adjusted to the experimental data, but the Midilli model was the one that provided the best values of coefficient of determination and lowest values of the mean squared deviation and chi-square value in most of the temperatures under study. The effective diffusivities were well represented by an Arrhenius equation, appearing in the order of 10−10 m2·s−1 for both materials under study, since the activation energy of the smelling pepper was 31.01 kJ·mol−1 and was 30.11 kJ·mol−1 in the pout pepper, respectively. Thermodynamic properties in both processes of drying the peppers pointed to a non-spontaneous process, with positive values of enthalpy and Gibbs free energy and negative values of entropy. Regarding the influence of drying on the proximal composition, it was observed that, with the increase in temperature, there was a decrease in the water content and the concentration of macronutrients (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates), providing an increase in the energy value. The powders obtained in the study were presented as an alternative for the technological and industrial use of peppers, favoring obtaining a new condiment, rich in bioactives, providing the market with a new option of powdered product that can be consumed directly and even adopted by the industry as a raw material in the preparation of mixed seasonings and in the formulation of various food products.
A novel self‐adaptive hybrid slime mould naked mole‐rat algorithm for numerical optimization and energy‐efficient wireless sensor network

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is made up of widely spaced nodes inside the sensor field. Clustering is an effective data collection approach that lowers energy consumption by organizing nodes into groups. So, choosing the right cluster head (CH) and employing an effective routing protocol is required to prolong the lifetime of WSNs. This paper develops a novel self‐adaptive hybrid slime mould naked mole‐rat algorithm (SM‐NMRA) based on the hybridization of the slime mould algorithm (SMA) and naked mole‐rat algorithm (NMRA) to solve the above‐said problem of WSN. The new approach integrates SMA's wrap food abilities with NMRA to improve the working capabilities of the original NMRA. A new stagnation phase inspired by the grey wolf optimizer and cuckoo search algorithms has been integrated to handle the local optima stagnation problem. In addition, self‐adaptivity has been added for SM‐NMRA's parameters. Here, the performance of SM‐NMRA is evaluated for CEC 2005 and CEC 2014 numerical test suites. The statistical outcomes along with Freidman's test, Wilcoxon's rank‐sum test, and convergence profiles validate the superior performance of SM‐NMRA. The proposed clustering protocol for efficient CH selection in WSN using SM‐NMRA outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art techniques with improved network lifespan and reduced energy consumption.
Registration method for terrestrial LiDAR point clouds using geometric features

The study presents a method for registration of terrestrial light detection and ranging point clouds based on geometric features (GFs) without using targets. It aims to solve the rotation and translation between two data sets using geometric features, including points, lines, planes, and cylinders. Conjugate planes are used to solve the rotation and the intersected points of the axes of the cylinders and planes are used as conjugate points to solve the translation. Based on the result from an experiment, it has been demonstrated that the proposed approach is capable of giving a reliable and satisfactory registration solution.
Mechanical, vibration, and optical properties of IrAl intermetallic compound via DFT calculations: high-pressure effect

In this study, the effect of pressure on the structural, elastic, anisotropy, electronic, phonon, and optical properties of the IrAl compound in B2 structure was investigated by the first-principles method. The lattice constant, volume, density, and bulk modulus parameters were compared with theoretical and experimental data at zero pressure, and their variations with pressure effect were also examined. The IrAl compound fullfills the Born criteria at all pressure values, indicating structural stability, as no instability is observed even with increasing pressure. The compound exhibits ductile properties according to Paugh ratio (B/G), Cauchy pressure (C12–C44, C’), and Poisson ratio (λ) criteria. Electronically metallic in nature, it has maintained this nature with pressure variation. The absence of negative frequencies in the phonon dispersion curve explains that the compound is dynamically stable. Mulliken Atom Populations analysis was used to understand the bond properties between Ir-Al atoms, focusing on charge transfer and ionicity. The complex dielectric function was employed to determine the optical properties and evaluate their variations under pressure. Finally, the effect of pressure on the physical and electronic properties of the IrAl compound useful for coating applications were evaluated.
Physics Based Model for Cryogenic Chilldown and Loading. Part IV: Code Structure

This is the fourth report in a series of technical reports that describe separated two-phase flow model application to the cryogenic loading operation. In this report we present the structure of the code. The code consists of five major modules: (1) geometry module; (2) solver; (3) material properties; (4) correlations; and finally (5) stability control module. The two key modules - solver and correlations - are further divided into a number of submodules. Most of the physics and knowledge databases related to the properties of cryogenic two-phase flow are included into the cryogenic correlations module. The functional form of those correlations is not well established and is a subject of extensive research. Multiple parametric forms for various correlations are currently available. Some of them are included into correlations module as will be described in details in a separate technical report. Here we describe the overall structure of the code and focus on the details of the solver and stability control modules.
Multifractal methods for rapeseed nitrogen nutrition qualitative diagnosis modeling

Nutrition diagnosis plays a key role in the crop’s growth, which has mainly been carried out in the field by agricultural workers. Currently, automatic nutrition recognition technologies have been widely used in this field. A procedure is proposed in this paper to diagnose nitrogen nutrition non-destructively for rapeseed qualitatively based on the multifractal theory. Twelve texture parameters are given by the method of multifractal detrended fluctuation (MF-DFA), which contains six generalized Hurst exponents and six relative multifractal parameters that are used as features of the rapeseed leaf images for identifying the two nitrogen levels, namely, the N-mezzo and the N-wane. For the base leaves, central leaves and top leaves of the rapeseed plant and the three-section mixed samples, three parameters combinations are selected to conduct the work. Five classifiers of Fisher’s linear discriminant algorithm (LDA), extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector machine and kernel method (SVMKM), random decision forests (RF) and K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) are employed to calculate the diagnosis accuracy. An interesting finding is that the best diagnose accuracy is from the base leaves of the rapeseed plant. It is explained that the base leaf is the most sensitive to the nitrogen deficiency. The diagnose effect by the base leaves samples is outshining the existing result significantly for the same leaves samples. For the mixed samples, the averaged discriminant accuracy reaches 97.12% and 97.56% by SVMKM and RF methods with the 10-fold cross-validation respectively. The resulting high accuracy on N-levels identification shows the feasibility and efficiency of our method.
Technologies in Home-Based Digital Rehabilitation: Scoping Review

Background Due to growing pressure on the health care system, a shift in rehabilitation to home settings is essential. However, efficient support for home-based rehabilitation is lacking. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these challenges and has affected individuals and health care professionals during rehabilitation. Digital rehabilitation (DR) could support home-based rehabilitation. To develop and implement DR solutions that meet clients’ needs and ease the growing pressure on the health care system, it is necessary to provide an overview of existing, relevant, and future solutions shaping the constantly evolving market of technologies for home-based DR. Objective In this scoping review, we aimed to identify digital technologies for home-based DR, predict new or emerging DR trends, and report on the influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on DR. Methods The scoping review followed the framework of Arksey and O’Malley, with improvements made by Levac et al. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library. The search spanned January 2015 to January 2022. A bibliometric analysis was performed to provide an overview of the included references, and a co-occurrence analysis identified the technologies for home-based DR. A full-text analysis of all included reviews filtered the trends for home-based DR. A gray literature search supplemented the results of the review analysis and revealed the influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of DR. Results A total of 2437 records were included in the bibliometric analysis and 95 in the full-text analysis, and 40 records were included as a result of the gray literature search. Sensors, robotic devices, gamification, virtual and augmented reality, and digital and mobile apps are already used in home-based DR; however, artificial intelligence and machine learning, exoskeletons, and digital and mobile apps represent new and emerging trends. Advantages and disadvantages were displayed for all technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased use of digital technologies as remote approaches but has not led to the development of new technologies. Conclusions Multiple tools are available and implemented for home-based DR; however, some technologies face limitations in the application of home-based rehabilitation. However, artificial intelligence and machine learning could be instrumental in redesigning rehabilitation and addressing future challenges of the health care system, and the rehabilitation sector in particular. The results show the need for feasible and effective approaches to implement DR that meet clients’ needs and adhere to framework conditions, regardless of exceptional situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Feedback-Linearized Control of a Class of Population Growth Models

Discusses the problem of the chaotic control of a class of population growth models with time lag.Computing the Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov dimension of the system,the fact that there is a chaos phenomenon in the population growth models with time lag is verified.A feedback controller is designed to capture or release adult population by feedback linearization as to stabilize the chaotic orbits and enable them to be ideal target ones,i.e.,unstable fixed points of the chaotic system.The unstable population system will therefore become stable by a rational development policy.Numerical simulations indicate that this feedback controller is effective in practice.It will cause the biological population in chaos states to stabilize and come into an ideal state,thus realizing orderly existence with balance of nature maintained for long.
Extratropical transition of tropical cyclones over the Western North pacific. Part II: The impact of midlatitude circulation characteristics

Abstract Two characteristic midlatitude circulation patterns (labeled northwest and northeast) are found to be associated with extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific Ocean. Although in both cases the tropical cyclone moves poleward ahead of a midlatitude trough, the primary midlatitude circulation is either that trough or is a large quasi-stationary cyclone to the northeast of the poleward-moving tropical cyclone. Transition into a northwest pattern typically results in the development within 36 h of an intense extratropical cyclone that moves north–northeast. A tropical cyclone that moves into a northeast pattern enters into strong zonal flow between the primary midlatitude circulation and the subtropical ridge to the southeast. These systems move rapidly eastward and do not intensify significantly during the 36 h following transition. In Part I of this study, the ET of Typhoon (TY) David (1997) and the ET of TY Opal (1997) were investigated in terms of the form.
General discussion on convergence of immune genetic algorithm

Aimed at the lack of research on the convergence of immune genetic algorithm(IGA),two methods using the stochastic process theory and introducing the genetic absorptivity and genetic scattering rate were proposed.The strong Markovian property attributed to the population sequence was deduced by mathematical modelling.By calculating the genetic absorptivity and the genetic scattering rate,the weak convergence in probability of the immune genetic algorithm was proved on the condition that the time tended to infinity.By analyzing the chaos operator and deducing genetic absorptivity,genetic scattering rate and the probability on the prevention to premature by niche the quantitative convergence effect of the immune genetic algorithm was obtained.The results show that the methods can simplify the analysis computation process and are helpful for directing choice of better IGA parameters and improving the performance of the algorithm.
Investigation of a fibre-optic Fizeau interferometer configuration and coherent fibre-optic imaging bundles for optical coherence tomography

Currently several medical imaging techniques are in operation in clinical environments that help the doctors to diagnose diseases before proceeding to treatment. This research investigated and implemented configurations for a medical imaging technique called Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The Michelson interferometer has been the principal configuration for OCT systems. For endoscopic OCT applications though such a configuration is susceptible to polarisation induced signal fading due to environmental changes within the sample arm, like fibre bending and temperature fluctuations. The development and testing of a Fizeau interferometer based OCT system demonstrate the elimination of this polarisation induced signal fading as the sample and reference arm of the interferometer experience the same environmental changes. The Fizeau interferometer is formed between the end of the fibre and the sample itself. A secondary processing interferometer is used in this configuration, to compensate the path difference inherent to the Fizeau configuration. Longitudinal resolution is about 19 m in air, and lateral resolution about 23 m. A signal-to-noise ratio of about 80 dB was achieved with this system and several sets of image data were collected from laboratory and biological samples. An OCT system based on a Fizeau interferometer incorporating a coherent fibre imaging bundle was also investigated. Fibres in the bundle are accessed sequentially by a beam focused onto the input face of the bundle, allowing 2D information to be acquired using point detection. Incorporating a fibre optic imaging bundle in Fizeau based interferometer OCT allows mechanical scanning parts to be removed from the sample arm, resulting in a passive probe. Such a configuration can form a compact, robust and “downlead insensitive” OCT system and is a strong candidate for in vivo applications. The performance of leached and wound coherent fibre optic bundles was accessed and an analysis is presented. The longitudinal resolution of the system developed was about 10 m in air, and lateral resolution about 9 m. This thesis demonstrates several sets of image data that were collected from various samples using a Fizeau interferometer based OCT incorporating coherent imaging bundles. 2D
The Qweak experiment: "A search for new physics at the TeV scale via a measurement of the proton's weak charge"

After a decade of preparations, the Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab is making the first direct measurement of the weak charge of the proton, QWp. Because this quantity is suppressed in the Standard Model, a 4% result will significantly constrain new physics at the TeV scale while providing the most precise measurement of sin2θW at low energies. Operationally, we measure the small (∼-200 ppb) parity-violating asymmetry in electron-proton scattering in integrating mode while flipping the longitudinal polarization of the electrons up to 1000 times per second. Potential sources of new, parity-violating interactions between electrons and light quarks include a Z', leptoquarks, and R-parity-violating SUSY. Our proton measurement provides isospin constraints which are nearly orthogonal to, and thus completely complementary to, older precise Cs APV data. Commissioning took place Fall 2010, and we completed Run I in May 2011 with 1/4 the statistics goal. After a 6 month shutdown, Run II began November 2011 and f.
Modeling and Detection Scheme for Zero-Dynamics Attack on Wind Power System

In a wind farm, wind power system is key to maintaining continuous generation of point energy. Since Zero-Dynamics attack poses a major risk to future wind farms, investigation on the effect of Zero-Dynamics attack against wind power systems has both theoretical and practical importance. In this paper, we consider a scenario in which a wind power system is subject to Zero-Dynamics attack in power generation chain. Firstly, we transform a semi-direct D-PMSG into an equivalent circuit to establish mathematical model of wind power system under Zero-Dynamics attack. Then, we analyze and prove the advantages and limitations of Zero-Dynamics attack by divide the equation of state into a stable part and an unstable part with the help of system relative degree $\rho $ . In addition, to better achieve desired attack effect, adjustments are made for Zero-Dynamics attack based on its limitations. Finally, we combine an Multiple Linear Regression (MRL) predictive control model with Byrnes-Isidori normal form to protect wind power system. The theoretical results were verified on designed small wind power system.