Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tectonic Redirection of Paleocene Fluvial Drainage Systems and Lacustrine Flooding in the Hanna Basin Area, South-Central Wyoming

Abstract Latest Cretaceous and Paleocene strata (Ferris and Hanna formations) preserved in southern Wyoming’s Hanna and Carbon basins record sedimentary response to episodic uplift of surrounding Laramide structures and high frequency changes in local sea level over a 12 million year period. During the latest Cretaceous (ca. 66 Ma, lower Ferris Formation) an eastward-flowing axial drainage system was established (as a conduit from the Greater Green River Basin) and persisted until the middle Paleocene (ca. 58 Ma, lower Hanna Formation). The axial system acted independently of proximal systems and responded to tectonic activity (associated with episodic uplift of the Rawlins Uplift and Simpson Ridge anticline) and high frequency (10s–100s k.y.) base level changes not detectable in proximal, coarser-grained facies. Longer-term (1–3 m.y.) cycles are manifested in the proximal basin deposits as changes in paleosol composition and fluvial channel fill composition. A previously undocumented southern embayment of the Western Interior Sea (WIS) periodically flooded this axial drainage in response to local, high frequency (fourth- and fifth-order) forced regression-transgression cycles. Estuarine deposits preserved within 15–90 m-thick paleovalley fills in both formations contain tidal and brackish-water indicators that reveal the influence of the WIS throughout the Paleocene. The predominantly eastward flow of the axial drainage through the Hanna Basin periodically reversed in response to episodic uplift of Simpson Ridge anticline during deposition of the middle and upper Ferris Formation (early Paleocene: 65-63 Ma). At these times, sedimentation in the Carbon Basin ceased, leading to a dramatically thinner (about one tenth the thickness of the Hanna Basin) section and lacustrine drowning of the Hanna Basin. A basin-wide unconformity (ca. 62 Ma) separates the lower Hanna Formation from underlying strata in both the Hanna and Carbon basins. This unconformity probably formed in response to tectonic quiescence/rebound of the basins and is manifested as the base of incised valley fills in the axial system and coarse-grained fluvial channel fills and paleosols in the northern Hanna Basin. Complete tectonic separation of the eastward-flowing axial drainage from the Laramie Basin to the east occurred during the middle Paleocene (ca. 58 Ma) and is represented by a widespread lacustrine flooding surface in the Hanna Basin. This damming was a result of tectonic uplift of the Freezeout Hills and associated Laramide structures to the northeast of the Hanna Basin and contributed to formation of coal swamps adjacent to lacustrine margins.
Exploring novel interventions for post-operative cognitive dysfunction in rat models

Older and otherwise vulnerable patients display increased risk for long-term complications after surgery. Slow recovery from surgery may have predictive value for long-term complications. The Zucker rat strain, expressing risk factors for post-surgical complications in patients, could provide a clinically relevant model to study pathophysiology and potential interventions. The anti-dementia drug J147 was shown to improve postoperative recovery in young healthy rats. Aim of the present study was to investigate early postoperative recovery in Zucker rats and effects of J147 treatment. Zucker rats (25-30 weeks of age) were subjected to major abdominal surgery. Non-surgery rats served as control. Surgery rats were randomized into three groups: surgery control, surgery + acute J147 and surgery + chronic J147. While acute J147 treatment was provided by a single intravenous injection at the start of surgery, chronic J147 treatment was provided in the food, from one week before surgery until the end of the protocol. After surgery, rats were placed in individual cages, equipped with an activity tracker, and followed until 6 days after surgery. Body weight loss and time to first activity were obtained as primary outcome parameters for recovery. At 1, 6 and 24 hours after surgery, blood samples were collected for analyses of inflammation markers.
Emulsions as vehicles for the controlled release of astaxanthin in topical application

In the work, the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin (AST) and the inﬂuence of the base formulation on the kinetics of AST release were studied. Three stable O/W AST-loaded emulsions, diﬀering in droplet size (12.7 µ m (E1), 3.8 µ m (E2), 3.2 µ m (E3)) and a nanoemulsion (0.13 µ m, NE) were prepared. The results conﬁrmed very strong antioxidant activity of AST. The emulsion internal phase droplet size did not signiﬁcantly aﬀect the AST release. The amount of released AST was respectively: 13.60% (E1), 11.42% (E2), 9.45% (E3), 9.71% (NE). The best ﬁt to experimental data was obtained using the Higuchi model for emulsions and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model for NE. The results show that the AST release process is limited by the diﬀusion through carriers and the prepared O/W emulsions can be applied as vehicles for delivery of astaxanthin to the skin, ensuring eﬀective anti-aging action of the cosmetics.
PINstimation: An R Package for Estimating Probability of Informed Trading Models

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the R package PINstimation. The package is designed for fast and accurate estimation of the probability of informed trading models through the implementation of well-established estimation methods. The models covered are the original PIN model (Easley and O’Hara 1992; Easley et al. 1996), the multilayer PIN model (Ersan 2016), the adjusted PIN model (Duarte and Young 2009), and the volume-synchronized PIN (Easley, De Prado, and O’Hara 2011; Easley, López De Prado, and O’Hara 2012). These core functionalities of the package are supplemented with utilities for data simulation, aggregation and classification tools. In addition to a detailed overview of the package functions, we provide a brief theoretical review of the main methods implemented in the package. Further, we provide examples of use of the package on trade-level data for 58 Swedish stocks, and report straightforward, comparative and intriguing findings on informed trading. These examples aim to highlight the capabilities of the package in tackling relevant research questions and illustrate the wide usage possibilities of PINstimation for both academics and practitioners.
A cost-effective system for injecting pure CO 2 into open top chambers: design and performance

Global average temperature is expected to rise between 0.2°C and 4.8°C by the end of the century, and globally atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to increase from a mean of 400 µmol mol -1 in 2013 to 550-650 µmol mol -1 within the next 50-80 years. Studies suggest there has already been an effect of warmer temperatures on grape growth and development, such as grape phenology, with harvest dates advancing and vintages becoming shorter over the past 30 years in Australia. Such changes create logistical problems for wineries and diminish grape quality. In addition, increasing carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO 2]) are likely to alter grape vine growth and development. Understanding the combined effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration (e[CO 2]) and temperature together with their interactions on grape and wine qualities is necessary for industry adaption to future climate change. Therefore a system was developed to elevate [CO 2] to 650 µmol mol -1 and increase temperature by 2 °C around the grapevines in open top chambers (OTC) to simulate climate warming. The temporal and spatial distribution of CO 2 gas at the center of the OTC was maintained to within 72 µmol mol -1 standard deviation of the target (650 µmol mol -1 ), which is comparable to the distribution reported in Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) systems. The injection system described in this article consumed 60 g m -3 h -1 of CO 2 which is less than one-fifth of the CO 2 consumed by the Australian Grains Free Air CO 2 Enrichment system (318 g m -3 h -1 ) and a circular OTC (316 g m -3 h -1 ) used in a previous study as well as very similar to the consumption of the ForestFACE (50 g m -3 h -1 ). The cost-effective CO 2 injection system proposed here is therefore recommended for use inside OTCs in evaluating the effects of e[CO 2] in combination with elevated temperature in woody perennial crops.
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Greenhouse
Cultivated Soils, Northern Jordan

Jordan has recently observed a gradual shift in vegetable production from open-fields to greenhouses with mounting consumer concerns about food quality and safety. We investigated heavy metals in soil collected from greenhouse vegetable production area in northern Jordan. Sixty-one surface soil samples were collected, of which forty-seven from plastic-covered greenhouses and fourteen were sampled from the adjacent open-field land, with both designated for vegetable production. The average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn were 26.1, 26.8, 0.81, 53.0, 49.3, 139.1 mg/kg, and 19.1, 19.3, 0.66, 49.7, 46.7, 104.9 mg/kg for greenhouse and open-field soils, respectively. While the accumulation of heavy metals was consistently higher in greenhouse than in open-fields, both soils revealed a similar metal ranking with a few exceptions. Greenhouse soils
Suppressing the Vortex Rope Oscillation and Pressure Fluctuations by the Air Admission in Propeller Hydro-Turbine Draft Tube

For the purpose of automatic generation control (AGC), a portion of the propeller hydro-turbine units in China is adjusted to operate within a restricted range of 75%-85% load using computer-controlled AGC strategies. In engineering applications, it has been observed that when a propeller hydro-turbine unit operates under off-design conditions, a large-scale vortex rope would occur in the draft tube, leading to significant pressure fluctuations. Injecting air into the draft tube to reduce the amplitude of pressure fluctuations is a common practice, but its effectiveness has not been proven on propeller hydro-turbine units. In this study, a CFD model of a propeller hydro-turbine was established, and 15 cases with different guide vane openings (GVO, between 31° and 45°) under unsteady conditions were calculated and studied. Two air admission measures were introduced to suppress the vortex rope oscillation in the draft tube and to mitigate pressure fluctuations. The reason for the additional energy loss due to air admission was then explained by the entropy production theory, and its value was quantified. This study points out that when injecting air, it is necessary to first consider whether the air will obstruct the flow in the draft tube. Finally, based on simulation and experimental data under various load conditions, pressure fluctuation analysis (based on fast Fourier transform, FFT) was conducted to assess the effectiveness of air admission measures. This study can provide an additional option for balancing unit efficiency and stability when scheduling units using an AGC strategy.
NEW INFORMATION REGARDING THE HOLOTYPE OF SPINOSAURUS AEGYPTIACUS STROMER, 1915

In the autumn of 1912, the fossil collector Richard Markgraf, with financial support and direction from Bavarian paleontologist Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, discovered the partial skeleton of a bizarre predatory dinosaur in Upper Cretaceous (early Cenomanian, ~97 Ma, see Ismail et al., 1989; Barakat et al., 1993; El Beialy, 1994, 1995; Nabil and Hussein, 1994; Ismail and Soliman, 2001; Ibrahim, 2002; Gradstein et al., 2005) rocks of the Bahariya Formation exposed in the Bahariya Oasis of western Egypt (Fig. 1, see also Sereno et al., 1998; Nothdurft et al., 2002). This gigantic theropod, Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915, possessed highly derived cranial and vertebral features sufficiently distinct for it to be designated as the nominal genus of the clade Spinosauridae (Stromer, 1915, 1936). Spinosaurids, currently definitively known only from Europe, South America, and Africa, are important because of the scarcity of Cretaceous Gondwanan tetrapod fossils (see Krause et al., 1999, 2003; Carrano et al., 2002; Lamanna et al., 2002). Moreover, fossils of Spinosaurus Stromer, 1915 and other spinosaurids are significant because of controversy surrounding the postulated paleoecology of these taxa (see discussions in Charig and Milner, 1997; Sereno et al., 1998; Sues et al., 2002). Questions related to spinosaurid paleoecology are particularly important in the Bahariya Formation, where Spinosaurus appears to have shared its habitat (see Stromer, 1936; Smith et al., 2001) with at least two other theropods in the size range of Tyrannosaurus Osborn, 1905 (Bahariasaurus Stromer, 1934 and Carcharodontosaurus Stromer, 1931). Unfortunately, the holotype and only known indisputable specimen of S. aegyptiacus (BSP 1912 VIII 19) was lost during the night of 24/25 April 1944 in a British bombing raid of Munich (Nothdurft et al., 2002). The attack severely damaged the building (dating to ca. 1583, Nöhbauer, 1987) that housed the Paläontologische Staatssammlung München and destroyed most of Stromer's Bahariya collection (see Appendix 1). Since 1944, new spinosaurid taxa have been described (see Charig and Milner, 1986; Martill et al., 1996; Sereno et al., 1998; Sues et al., 2002) and additional material has been referred to Spinosaurus (e.g., Buffetaut, 1989, 1992; Russell, 1996; Taquet and Russell, 1998; Benton et al., 2000; Buffetaut and Ouaja, 2002), some of it questionably. However, definitive S. aegyptiacus material, or information regarding the original specimen of Spinosaurus, has not been forthcoming.
Race-Based Experiences and Coping as Predictors of BIPOC Mental Health Provider Burnout and Stress During COVID-19

The current study evaluated work- and client-related burnout, perceived stress, and race-based stress with a focus on Black, Indigenous, or Persons of Color (BIPOC) mental health providers. An online survey (n = 82) was distributed in the United States between July 17, 2020, and November 5, 2020. Demographic variables, racial discrimination during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), perceived stress, and the coping variables were assessed. The majority of respondents were women (85%), BIPOC identifying (72%), aged 25 to 34 years (43%), psychologists (50%), and had been practicing for 9 years. In total, 68% and 27% of providers reported moderate to severe work- and client-related burnout, respectively. Another 87% reported moderate to high stress. Factors associated with a higher level of burnout include being younger, having fewer years of experience, and being a social worker or family therapist. Among BIPOC providers, greater experiences of racial discrimination were associated with higher work-related burnout and stress. Greater use of maladaptive coping was associated with higher burnout and stress, yet we found no associations with the use of adaptive coping. Racial discrimination during COVID-19 was significantly associated with work-related burnout and perceived stress within a sample of predominantly BIPOC mental health providers. These findings reinforce the need for more focused support for mental health providers to ensure a healthy and resilient future workforce.
A Novel ST-YOLO Network for Steel-Surface-Defect Detection

Recent progress has been made in defect detection using methods based on deep learning, but there are still formidable obstacles. Defect images have rich semantic levels and diverse morphological features, and the model is dynamically changing due to ongoing learning. In response to these issues, this article proposes a shunt feature fusion model (ST-YOLO) for steel-defect detection, which uses a split feature network structure and a self-correcting transmission allocation method for training. The network structure is designed to specialize the process of classification and localization tasks for different computing needs. By using the self-correction criteria of adaptive sampling and dynamic label allocation, more sufficiently high-quality samples are utilized to adjust data distribution and optimize the training process. Our model achieved better performance on the NEU-DET datasets and the GC10-DET datasets and was validated to exhibit excellent performance.
Keratinocytes Exposed to Blue or Red Light: Proteomic Characterization Showed Cytoplasmic Thioredoxin Reductase 1 and Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3 Triggered Expression

Several cell-signaling mechanisms are activated by visible light radiation in human keratinocytes, but the key regulatory proteins involved in this specific cellular response have not yet been identified. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were exposed to blue or red light at low or high irradiance for 3 days in cycles of 12 h of light and 12 h of dark. The cell viability, apoptotic rate and cell cycle progression were analyzed in all experimental conditions. The proteomic profile, oxidative stress and mitochondrial morphology were additionally evaluated in the HaCaT cells following exposure to high-irradiance blue or red light. Low-irradiance blue or red light exposure did not show an alteration in the cell viability, cell death or cell cycle progression. High-irradiance blue or red light reduced the cell viability, induced cell death and cell cycle G2/M arrest, increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and altered the mitochondrial density and morphology. The proteomic profile revealed a pivotal role of Cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) in the response of the HaCaT cells to high-irradiance blue or red light exposure. Blue or red light exposure affected the viability of keratinocytes, activating a specific oxidative stress response and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results can help to address the targets for the therapeutic use of light and to develop adequate preventive strategies for skin damage. This in vitro study supports further in vivo investigations of the biological effects of light on human keratinocytes.
Measurement of water colour using AVIRIS imagery to assess the potential for an operational monitoring capability in the Pamlico Sound Estuary, USA

The monitoring of water colour parameters can provide an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of aquatic ecosystem condition. Remote sensing has long been used to effectively monitor chlorophyll concentrations in open ocean systems; however, operational monitoring in coastal and estuarine areas has been limited because of the inherent complexities of coastal systems, and the coarse spectral and spatial resolutions of available satellite systems. Data were collected using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Visible–Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) flown at an altitude of approximately 20 000 m to provide hyperspectral imagery and simulate both MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data. AVIRIS data were atmospherically corrected using a radiative transfer modelling approach and analysed using band ratio and linear regression models. Regression analysis was performed with simultaneous field measurements data in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) and Pamlico Sound on 15 May 2002. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were optimally estimated using AVIRIS bands (9.5 nm) centred at 673.6 and 692.7 nm, resulting in a coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.98. Concentrations of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) were also estimated, resulting in coefficients of determination of R 2 = 0.90, 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Ratios of AVIRIS bands centred at or near those corresponding to the MERIS and MODIS sensors indicated that relatively good satellite‐based estimates could potentially be derived for water colour constituents at a spatial resolution of 300 and 500 m, respectively. **Current address: University of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Developing Industrial Ecosystems: Approaches, Cases, and Tools

The objective of this report is to track the acquisition, use, and discard of computer hardware in the Yale University system and make recommendations for how the university can optimize computer recycling. Computer recycling provides an important environmental service by reducing waste and promoting industrial ecology and sustainable commerce. The proper disposal of electronic waste can prevent the dissemination of harmful toxins contained in hardware, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and chlorinated plastics. An estimated 79 million computers worldwide were retired from their primary use by 1996, according to the Gartner Group. This year, in 1998, another 31 million PCs will join them, and by 1999 the number will climb to upwards of 42 million. Organizations within the United States are assessing the feasibility of computer recycling and implementing programs. Academic institutions, such as education and research centers, have taken the lead in recycling computer hardware. Computer recycling is an environmentally friendly and crucially necessary growth industry that can be successfully pursued at Yale University. Results indicate that Yale can double the number of computers going to Yale Recycling within the next academic year. COMPUTER RECYCLING IN THE UNITED STATES Computer recycling closes the recycling loop and improves economic efficiency as semiconductors, metals, plastics, and other materials are recovered and reused. As an added bonus, computer recycling could prove a profitable venture within the next 2 to 3 years, and will most definitely prove profitable within 5-7 years. According to Colleen Mizuki, an electronics recycling expert, “Of all consumer electronic products, the greatest recyclable value is found in computers” (Mizuki 1996). Personal computers are more and more deeply integrated into our lives as they find their niche in homes, offices, and classrooms. On average, computers become obsolete and are replaced every four years, filling up warehouses and recycling trucks at an astonishing rate. Monitors have an operating life of 12 years (Mizuki 1996) and may be prematurely discarded. It is estimated that roughly 14 to 20 million computers are retired each year in the U.S., according to a 1995 Tufts University thesis (Dillon 1998). This same study estimates that 1 The electronics industry uses virtually every type of plastic, including polymeric vinyl chloride (PVC) – a dioxin source when incinerated –, copolymer acrylonitdiebutadiene-styrene (ABS), and polystyrene (PS). Many resins are also used, such as epoxies.