Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
National Culture and Perceived Ethics of Tax Evasion: Case of Bali Province

This study aims to investigate the relationship of national cculture and taxpayer's ethical perception of tax evasion. National culture dimensions include powner dinstance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/ccollectivism, masculinity/femininity, lOng/shurt tarm orientation, and indulgence/rrestraint. This study employes survey method, using online questionnaires for taxpayers who haveself employment in Bali Province.Three hundred and seventy seven taxpayers fillend out online questionnaires. This model is processed using multiple linear regression analysis method. The results indicate that power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, and femininity/masculinity are associated with perceived ethics of tax evasion, but do not associated between short term/long term orientation and indulgence/restrain with perceived ethics of tax evasion. This study is expected to improve knowledge about tax evasion especially related to national culture. Practically, the results are expected to provide input for tax regulators to consider the role of national culture in identifying the causes of tax evasion.
Application of DESA Design Method in Object-Oriented Software Systems

To reduce complexity in software systems it is essential to minimize the functional dependencies in them. Functional dependency can be caused by the internal logic (model) of the system as well as the user interface. It is then vital to locate the source of the dependency, so that it can be removed. Our method “Design Equations for Systems Analysis”, or DESA, offers an opportunity to accomplish this. It allows separate examination of the model and the user interface when evaluating functional dependencies. This study investigates this potential of DESA in identifying coupled relationships. We used an object-oriented game application as a case study. DESA was found to effectively reduce the complexity of object-oriented software systems.
Bayesian Optimization with an Empirical Hardness Model for approximate Nearest Neighbour Search

Nearest Neighbour Search in high-dimensional spaces is a common problem in Computer Vision. Although no algorithm better than linear search is known, approximate algorithms are commonly used to tackle this problem. The drawback of using such algorithms is that their performance depends highly on parameter tuning. While this process can be automated using standard empirical optimization techniques, tuning is still time-consuming. In this paper, we propose to use Empirical Hardness Models to reduce the number of parameter configurations that Bayesian Optimization has to try, speeding up the optimization process. Evaluation on standard benchmarks of SIFT and GIST descriptors shows the viability of our approach.
The Role of the Stress Axis in Life-History Adaptations

he neuroendocrine system is a major pathway in vertebrates that integrates environmental change and through which life-history decisions to reproduce, to grow, or to put energy into storage are implemented (McEwen 2001; Ricklefs and Wikelski 2002; Boonstra 2005). The goal of individuals is to maximize lifetime reproductive fitness, and the functioning of the stress axis plays a central role in the neuroendocrine system in making this happen. At the individual level, the stress axis plays a key role in allowing animals to cope with change and challenge in the face of both environmental certainty and uncertainty. At the species level, the stress axis plays a central role in evolutionary adaptations to particular ecological pressures, and an understanding of differences among species is essential to life-history adaptations. In this chapter , we discuss the basic mammalian response to stressors and how this response is modified at both the individual and species levels in response to different ecological pressures. The stress axis is multitasking throughout the life of an organism. The stress axis is composed of the limbic system (dentate gyrus and hippocampus) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA), and is pivotal for successful adaptation for four reasons. The first three focus on common responses of individuals within a species; the fourth, on between-species differences to the basic pattern. First, the stress axis is involved in normal day-today activities associated with the diurnal cycle of waking, such as increased locomotion, exploratory behavior, increased appetite , and food-seeking behavior (reviewed in Wingfield and Romero 2001). Second, the stress axis permits short-term adjustment to maintain survival in the face of acute environmental stressors. This response is the classic " flight or fight " reaction, and is a generalized response to a wide variety of stressors, such as bouts of severe weather, physical stressors such as attacks by a conspecific or a predator, or psychological stressors such as the fear of an imminent attack. Though we focus on the limbic system and the HPA axis here, it is only one part of the stress response, which includes other hormones, neurotransmitters, opioid peptides, cytokines, and brain functions (Sapolsky et al. 2000). Third, the stress axis can be permanently programmed during development because of stressors affecting the mother, and this may adapt the individual to new conditions it may experience during its lifetime (Matthews 2002). Fourth, the stress axis is subject to evolutionary modification, and equips species to …
NH 2-truncated human tau induces deregulated mitophagy in neurons by aberrant recruitment of Parkin and UCHL-1 : implications in Alzheimer ’ s disease

Disarrangement in functions and quality control of mitochondria at synapses are early events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathobiology.We reported that a 20–22 kDaNH2-tau fragmentmapping between 26 and 230 amino acids of the longest human tau isoform (aka NH2htau): (i) is detectable in cellular and animal AD models, as well in synaptic mitochondria and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from human AD subjects; (ii) is neurotoxic in primary hippocampal neurons; (iii) compromises the mitochondrial biology both directly, by inhibiting the ANT-1-dependent ADP/ATP exchange, and indirectly, by impairing their selective autophagic clearance (mitophagy). Here, we show that the extensive Parkin-dependent turnover of mitochondria occurring in NH2htau-expressing post-mitotic neurons plays a pro-death role and that UCHL-1, the cytosolic Ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase L1 which directs the physiological remodeling of synapses by controlling ubiquitin homeostasis, critically contributes to mitochondrial and synaptic failure in this in vitro AD model. Pharmacological or genetic suppression of improper mitophagy, either by inhibition of mitochondrial targeting to autophagosomes or by shRNA-mediated silencing of Parkin or UCHL-1 gene expression, restores synaptic andmitochondrial content providing partial but significant protection against theNH2htau-induced neuronal death. Moreover, in mitochondria from human AD synapses, the endogenous NH2htau is stably associated with Parkin and with UCHL-1. Taken together, our studies show a causative link between the excessive mitochondrial turnover and the NH2htau-induced in vitro neuronal death, suggesting that pathogenetic tau truncationmay contribute to synaptic deterioration in ADbyaberrant recruitment of Parkin andUCHL-1 tomitochondriamaking themmore prone todetrimental autophagic clearance. † These authors equally contributed to this work. Received: November 12, 2014. Revised: January 29, 2015. Accepted: February 10, 2015 © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com Human Molecular Genetics, 2015, Vol. 24, No. 11 3058–3081 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv059 Advance Access Publication Date: 15 February 2015
Wood Consumption by Geoffroyi’s Spider Monkeys and Its Role in Mineral Supplementation

Wood consumption is a rare behavior in frugivorous primates; however, it can be necessary for nutritional balancing as it may provide macro and/or micronutrients that are scarce in the most frequently eaten items (fruits). We tested this hypothesis in six spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) communities inhabiting continuous and fragmented rainforests in Lacandona, Mexico. We investigated the importance of both live and decayed wood in the diet of the monkeys, and assessed if wood consumption is related to the nutritional composition of these items. In general, wood consumption was focused on trees of Licania platypus (Chrysobalanaceae) and Ficus spp. (Moraceae), and was similar in continuous forest and in fragments (mean ± SD; 24±20% vs 18±16% of total feeding time, respectively), but marginally higher in females than in males (16±14% vs 5±4%, respectively). Live and decayed wood were both poorer in lipids, proteins, total nonstructural carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients compared to mature and immature fruits. Moreover, decayed wood of L. platypus showed consistently higher levels of sodium and calcium compared to fruits. In conclusion, our findings suggest that wood from decaying trees of L. platypus and Ficus spp. and young branch piths of L. platypus represents an important source of sodium and/or calcium in the diet of spider monkeys, particularly in the case of females. The protection of decaying trees within forests and fragments is therefore necessary for the appropriate management and conservation of this endangered primate species.
Resignation, goal orientation or cultural essentialism? Health care practitioners’ approaches to interventions on childhood obesity

ABSTRACT This qualitative study investigates health care practitioners’ approaches to early childhood obesity in Denmark and their view on their own ability to initiate processes of change in affected families, and it asks the overall question of whether perceived barriers become real through practitioners’ reluctance to intervene in families labelled as ´problematic’. The paper identifies three approaches in the practitioners’ narratives: the socially oriented, the individually oriented, and the mixed. The individually oriented approach was based on a logic resembling individualistic explanatory models of behaviour change, and was related to a positive perspective on their own ability to move families towards healthier habits by health care practitioners. The socially oriented approach borrowed elements from a sociological perspective, which seemed to lead to resigned pessimism in the face of the complexity of the problem of childhood overweight and a reluctance to address early childhood overweight in some families. In practitioners of all three types, widespread cultural essentialism was found. Non-western, ethnic minority background was seen as determining family habits and making preventive action especially difficult. Based on this, the current paper discusses whether individual actions and choices are being ascribed too much explanatory power, and the health system's biased perceptions too little.
KUALITAS PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA PENGGUNA WEBSITE E-LEARNING PSYCHE FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA

Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dikenal dengan sebutan e-learning. Dalam kegiatan e-learning penting untuk menilai bagaimana kualitas pengetahuan atau secara konsep disebut dengan Knowledge Quality (KQ). Fakultas Psikologi merupakan fakultas yang telah menerapkan metode pembelajaran e-learning secara mandiri dan tidak tergabung kedalam AULA (Airlangga University e-Learning Application). Alasan Fakultas Psikologi tidak tergabung dalam AULA karena fakultas ini telah memiliki e-learning sebelum AULA muncul dan masih berjalan dengan efektif hingga saat ini. Elearning milik Fakultas Psikologi diberi nama PsyChe. Melihat keberhasilan dari penerapan PsyChe, maka menjadi hal yang menarik apabila dilakukan pengujian mengenai Knowledge Quality yang ada pada mahasiswa Psikologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Jumlah responden yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 90 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa Psikologi angkatan 2014 hingga 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Knowledge Quality yang terdiri dari lima dimensi yaitu intrinsic KQ memiliki prosentase yang tinggi dalam hal trustworthy 95.6%, contextual KQ memiliki prosentase yang tinggi dalam hal level of detail 85.6%, representational KQ memiliki prosentase yang tinggi dalam hal concise representational dan consistent representational 85.6%, accessible KQ memiliki prosentase yang tinggi dalam hal accessible 87.8%, dan actionable KQ memiliki prosentase yang tinggi dalam hal expandable 77.8%. Prosentase terendah yang dimiliki dimensi ini adalah actionable KQ sehingga diperlukan pengembangan untuk peningkatan pada tindak lanjut pengetahuan.
Three radioligands compared for determining cytoplasmic estrogen-receptor content of human breast carcinomas.

We compared three radioligands for use in a cytoplasmic estrogen-receptor assay, using pooled cytosol from human breast adenocarcinomas. The estrogen receptor content was determined in vitro by a dextran-coated charcoal method involving a 4-h incubation with and without diethylstilbestrol. Tritiated moxestrol failed to come to equilibrium in 4 h, thereby preventing the use of conventional one-component Scatchard analysis. The use of 125I-labeled estradiol resulted in a higher estimate of estrogen-receptor concentration than that obtained with use of tritiated estradiol. This overestimation was not corrected by Scatchard, double-reciprocal, or Woolf plots, or by two different methods of data analysis: least squared and "robust. " An underestimation of the specific activity of iodoestradiol with respect to that of tritiated estradiol and an unrecognized second component of nonreceptor binding could explain this disparity.
Doxycycline—a role in ocular surface repair

Background/aims: Doxycycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that chelates metal ions and is frequently used as part of the treatment of ocular surface diseases. Its therapeutic value has been ascribed to an ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and both MMP and IL-1 synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of doxycycline as an inhibitor of corneal MMPs and assess its contribution to ocular surface repair mechanisms. Methods: Corneal epithelial cell and keratocyte cultures were grown to confluence and incubated with IL-1α, LPS, doxycycline, or doxycycline and LPS in serum free medium for 4 days. The cells were either harvested and assayed for caspase-3 activity or stained with either AE5 or antivimentin antibodies. Media samples were concentrated and assayed for MMP activity by zymography or using a fluorigenic substrate. ELISA was used to quantify IL-1α, MMPs -1,-2,-3,-9, and TIMPs -1 and -2. Results: IL-1α and LPS had no effect on MMP/TIMP production by cultured corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes. Corneal MMP-2 inhibition by doxycycline was partially [Ca2+] dependent but irreversible. At the minimum inhibitory concentration, 100 μm, doxycycline had no apparent effect on MMP and TIMP production, but ultimately caused the death of keratocytes and some of the epithelial cells that detached from their basement membrane. Caspase-3 activity was not detected in dead or dying keratocytes. The mechanism of cell death in cultured corneal epithelial cells was not caspase-3 related apoptosis as the activity of this enzyme, normally detectable, was lost. The epithelial cells that survived doxycycline treatment did not bind antivimentin antibody and compared with controls, reacted less with the AE5 antibody. They were probably transient amplifying cells. Conclusions: Doxycycline irreversibly inhibits corneal MMP-2 activity by chelating the metal ions that are catalytically and structurally essential. Corneal MMP/TIMP production in vitro is not modulated by IL-1α, LPS, or doxycycline. The therapeutic value of doxycycline may depend upon its effective concentration at the ocular surface and probably relates to its chelating properties.
Pedestrian reconstruction using multibody MADYMO simulation and the Polar-II dummy: a comparison of head kinematics

The aim of this study was to reconstruct three pedestrian collisions with multi-body simulations using the computer program MADYMO and the Polar-II dummy. In this paper, we compare the head kinematics of the computer simulation and the Polar-II test with reference to the vehicle-pedestrian contacts in the actual cases. We also discuss aspects of the reconstructions made using these different tools, especially findings on the velocity trajectory of the head. The cases selected for reconstruction were ones in which the pedestrian's height and weight were close to the 50th percentile adult human male, and where the accident investigation provided good estimates of impact speed and complete injury data. The cases were investigated to estimate the speed of the vehicle at impact and the position of the pedestrian relative to the vehicle. Contact points between the vehicle and pedestrian were recorded. From this information MADYMO simulations were made to estimate the kinematics of the pedestrian during the collision. We then reconstructed each case using the Polar-II full-scale pedestrian dummy. Results showed that some aspects of the head kinematics were in good agreement but, generally, Polar-II head impact angles were steeper and the head impact location was more forward than the location suggested by the simulations and the cases themselves. Leg kinematics were noticeably different, with the Polar-II legs remaining engaged with the front of the vehicle for a longer period of the collision. In contrast to the simulations, the Polar-II legs were in some instances still engaged as the head stuck the vehicle.
The use of guidelines in interface design

We studied the use of an evolving interface style book to evaluate the role of such guidelines in the development of siyle-conforming interface desi M. Although P the designs were judged JO . bc gene~al y col~orming, study participants had sgmficant ddlicxdty m interpreting the guidelines. our designers were manifestl { task oriented and itn atient with extraneous matcria. If’ The depended heav” y on the pictorial examples, often f to t E exclusion of the accompanying text. We conclude that. dependency on guidelines should be minimized, and that guidelines should be developed primarily to complement toolkits and interactive examples, focussing on information intrinsically unavailable through those vehicles,
Comparing Prices for Food and Diet Research: The Metric Matters

ABSTRACT An important issue in research into access to healthy food is how best to compare the price of foods. The appropriate metric for comparison has been debated at length, with proponents variously stating that food prices should be compared in terms of their energy content, their edible mass, or their typical portion size. In this article we assessed the impact of using different food price metrics on the observed difference in price between food groups and categories of healthiness, using United Kingdom consumer price index data for 148 foods and beverages in 2012. We found that the choice of metric had a marked effect on the findings and conclude that this must be decided in advance to suit the reason for comparing food prices.
Ontogenesis of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons: A Model for Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Cell Development

The vertebrate hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis is the anatomical framework responsible for reproductive competence and species propagation. Essential to the coordinated actions of this three-tiered biological system is the fact that the regulatory inputs ultimately converge on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system, which in rodents primarily resides in the preoptic/hypothalamic region. In this short review we will focus on: (1) the general embryonic temporal and spatial development of the rodent GnRH neuronal system, (2) the origin(s) of GnRH neurons, and (3) which transcription – and growth factors have been found to be critical for GnRH neuronal ontogenesis and cellular fate-specification. Moreover, we ask the question whether the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in GnRH neuronal development may also play a role in the development of other hypophyseal secreting neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus.
Some Observations on the Relation of the High‐Frequency Bed Ballistocardiogram to that Obtained from an Aperiodic Bed

A previous analysis of the mechanical behavior of current ballistocardiographic systems allowed the prediction of certain relationships between records from the Starr high-frequency bed and those representing undistorted forces applied to the body by the cardiovascular "generator. " The latter were obtained by recording the acceleration of an "aperiodic mercury bed" platform. A relationship between the form of these two types of records from 80 subjects was sought. In varying types of normal and abnormal records the predicted relationship between the two different kinds of ballistocardiograms was consistently observed. It is concluded that records from the high-frequency bed grossly reflect the slower forces applied to the body, but are distorted with respect to phase, amplitude and frequency content, this being due in part to the elastic properties of the dorsal surface of the body and in part to the weight and stiffness of the platform support.
Preictal Activity of Subicular, CA1, and Dentate Gyrus Principal Neurons in the Dorsal Hippocampus before Spontaneous Seizures in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Previous studies suggest that spontaneous seizures in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy might be preceded by increased action potential firing of hippocampal neurons. Preictal activity is potentially important because it might provide new opportunities for predicting when a seizure is about to occur and insight into how spontaneous seizures are generated. We evaluated local field potentials and unit activity of single, putative excitatory neurons in the subiculum, CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus in epileptic pilocarpine-treated rats as they experienced spontaneous seizures. Average action potential firing rates of neurons in the subiculum, CA1, and dentate gyrus, but not CA3, increased significantly and progressively beginning 2–4 min before locally recorded spontaneous seizures. In the subiculum, CA1, and dentate gyrus, but not CA3, 41–57% of neurons displayed increased preictal activity with significant consistency across multiple seizures. Much of the increased preictal firing of neurons in the subiculum and CA1 correlated with preictal theta activity, whereas preictal firing of neurons in the dentate gyrus was independent of theta. In addition, some CA1 and dentate gyrus neurons displayed reduced firing rates preictally. These results reveal that different hippocampal subregions exhibit differences in the extent and potential underlying mechanisms of preictal activity. The finding of robust and significantly consistent preictal activity of subicular, CA1, and dentate neurons in the dorsal hippocampus, despite the likelihood that many seizures initiated in other brain regions, suggests the existence of a broader neuronal network whose activity changes minutes before spontaneous seizures initiate.