Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Clonidine and Ketamine on m-RNA Expression in a Model of Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia in Mice

Background We investigated the influence of morphine and ketamine or clonidine in mice on the expression of genes that may mediate pronociceptive opioid effects. Material and Methods C57BL/6 mice received morphine injections thrice daily using increasing doses (5-20mg∙kg-1) for 3 days (sub-acute, n=6) or 14 days (chronic, n=6) and additionally either s-ketamine (5mg∙kg-1, n=6) or clonidine (0.1mg∙kg-1, n=6). Tail flick test and the assessment of the mechanical withdrawal threshold of the hindpaw was performed during and 4 days after cessation of opioid treatment. Upon completion of the behavioural testing the mRNA-concentration of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) and β-arrestin 2 (Arrb2) were measured by PCR. Results Chronic opioid treatment resulted in a delay of the tail flick latency with a rapid on- and offset. Simultaneously the mice developed a static mechanical hyperalgesia with a delayed onset that that outlasted the morphine treatment. Sub-acute morphine administration resulted in a decrease of NMDAR1 and Arrb2 whereas during longer opioid treatment the expression NMDAR1 and Arrb2 mRNA increased again to baseline values. Coadministration of s-ketamine or clonidine resulted in a reversal of the mechanical hyperalgesia and inhibited the normalization of NMDAR1 mRNA expression but had no effect on the expression of Arrb2 mRNA. Conclusion In the model of chronic morphine therapy the antinociceptive effects of morphine are represented by the thermal analgesia while the proniceptive effects are represented by the mechanical hyperalgesia. The results indicate that the regulation of the expression of NMDAR1 and Arrb2 may be associated to the development of OIH in mice. Perspective The results indicate that co-administration of clonidine or ketamine may influence the underlying mechanisms of OIH.
Recent Trends in Printed Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Antennas

After the Federal Communication Commission (FCC)’s authorization of frequency band of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for unlicensed radio applications, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology be‐ come the most promising candidate for a wide range of applications that will provide signif‐ icant benefits for public safety, business and consumers, and attracted a lot attention both in industry and academia. The antennas are the key components of UWB system. In wireless communication system, an antenna can take various forms to fulfill the particular require‐ ment. As a result, an antenna may be a piece of conducting wire, an aperture, a patch, a re‐ flector, a lens, an assembly of elements (arrays). A good design of the antenna can fulfill the system requirements and improve overall system performance.
Notions of locality and their logical characterizations over finite models

Abstract Many known tools for proving expressibility bounds for first-ordér logic are based on one of several locality properties. In this paper we characterize the relationship between those notions of locality. We note that Gaifman's locality theorem gives rise to two notions: one deals with sentences and one with open formulae. We prove that the former implies Hanf's notion of locality, which in turn implies Gaifman's locality for open formulae. Each of these implies the bounded degree property, which is one of the easiest tools for proving expressibility bounds. These results apply beyond the first-order case. We use them to derive expressibility bounds for first-order logic with unary quantifiers and counting. We also characterize the notions of locality on structures of small degree.
Intrinsic Ultracontractivity , Conditional Lifetimes andConditional Gauge for Symmetric Stable Processes onRough

For a symmetric-stable process X on R n with 0 < < 2, n 2 and a domain D R n , let L D be the innnitesimal generator of the subprocess of X killed upon leaving D. For a Kato class function q, it is shown that L D + q is intrinsic ultracontractive on a HH older domain D of order 0. This is then used to establish the conditional gauge theorem for X on bounded Lipschitz domains in R n. It is also shown that the conditional lifetimes for symmetric stable process in a HH older domain of order 0 are uniformly bounded.
User agent migration policies in wireless networks

Wireless networks often employ network-based user agents as proxies for mobile users. In this paper, we consider the fundamental problem of designing migration policies for these user agents. We first introduce a general framework for analyzing user agent migration policies, and then highlight, through analysis and simulation, the numerous parameters and tradeoffs that dictate the design of migration policies. We evaluate these policies in the context of both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, and in the presence and absence of processing overheads due to migration. Finally, we identify two simple threshold-based policies that deliver very good performance over a wide range of system parameters and configurations. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to propose and evaluate policies for migration of user agents.
Particle volume reconstruction based on a marked point process and application to TOMO-PIV

In this paper, we propose a new tomographic reconstruction method, called IOD-PVRMPP, to reconstruct 3D particle volumes from 2D particle images provided by the Tomographic Particle Image Ve-locimetry (Tomo-PIV) technique. Our method, based on marked point processes (or object processes), allows to solve the problem in a parsimonious way. It facilitates the introduction of prior knowledge and solves memory problem which is inherent to voxel based approaches used by classical tomographic reconstruction methods. The reconstruction of a 3D particle set is obtained by minimizing an energy function which defines the marked point process. To this aim, we use a simulated annealing algorithm based on Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) method. To speed up the convergence of the simulated annealing, we develop an initialization method which provides the initial distribution of 3D particles. To do that, we proceed by detecting 2D particles located in projection images. Using synthetic data, we show that IOD-PVRMPP method gives better results than MinLOS-MART method for different seeding densities.
Expatriate performance management: The case of Nokia Telecommunications

Today's world-class companies such as Nokia employ effective employee performance management (PM) practices. They have realized that seeking sustaining competitive advantage from the effective management of human resources is of utmost importance. Until today, however, there has existed little understanding about how these companies manage the performance of their critical personnel group, the expatriate employees. A key finding of the case study of Nokia Telecommunications is that the performance of different types of expatriates in varying situations is, and should be, managed dissimilarly. Reflecting this finding, it is suggested that companies should develop alternative PM tools. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Berberine reduced blood pressure and improved vasodilation in diabetic rats.

Hyperglycemia and hypertension are considered to be the two leading risk factors for vascular disease in diabetic patients. However, few pharmacologic agents could provide a combinational therapy for controlling hyperglycemia and hypertension at the same time in diabetes. The objectives of this study are to investigate whether berberine treatment could directly reduce blood pressure and identify the molecular mechanism underlying the vascular protection of berberine in diabetic rats. Berberine was intragastrically administered with different dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day to diabetic rats for 8 weeks since the injection of streptozotocin. The endothelium-dependent/-independent relaxation in middle cerebral arteries was investigated. The activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BKCa) was investigated by recording whole-cell currents, analyzing single-channel activities and assessing the expressions of α- and β1-subunit at protein or mRNA levels. Results of the study suggest that chronic administration of 100 mg/kg/day berberine not only lowered blood glucose but also reduced blood pressure and improved vasodilation in diabetic rats. Furthermore, berberine markedly increased the function and expression of BKCa β1-subunit in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from diabetic rats or when exposed to hyperglycemia condition. The present study provided initial evidences that berberine reduced blood pressure and improved vasodilation in diabetic rats by activation of BKCa channel in VSMCs, which suggested that berberine might provide a combinational therapy for controlling hyperglycemia and blood pressure in diabetes. Furthermore, our work indicated that activation of BKCa channel might be the underlying mechanism responsible for the vascular protection of berberine in diabetes.
Hardware/Software Co-Visualization on the Electronic System Level Using SystemC

Hardware design is increasingly shifted towards higher abstraction levels to cope with the complexity of modern systems. For this purpose, the concept of Hardware/Software Co-Design has been established. Systems are implemented in high-level languages such as C++ or SystemC, providing an executable prototype without requiring designers to decide in an early stage on whether features should be implemented in hardware or software. For these, just like for pure hardware or software systems, design understanding remains crucial. Hardware/Software Co-Visualization (HSCV) is a concept that has recently been proposed to assist developers in communicating features of their design. Especially for visualizations, designers need to be able to quickly generate the underlying data and the resulting visual representation. This paper illustrates the current state of HSCV and proposes a methodology to harmonize the visualization data being generated from Electronic System Level designs written in SystemC.
Neuroticismo, expresiones emocionales y percepción de la violencia en escolares

La violencia juvenil expresada a traves de pandillas escolares es un problema social que se ha extendido en nuestro pais durante esta decada. Este fenomeno es estudiado en una muestra de 962 adolescentes varones que asisten a colegios estatales considerados territorios de las principales pandillas escolares de Lima. Se administraron diversas escalas cuya validez y confiabilidad fue establecida en estudios previos y en el presente. A traves del analisis multivariable y mediante la T de Hottelling se ha podido apreciar que pertenecer a pandillas escolares y el neuroticismo afectan directamente las expresiones emocionales vitales y la percepcion de la violencia. Asi mismo, el analisis univariable derivado del MANOVA revelo que el neuroticismo influye sobre las expresiones de colera-hostilidad, ansiedad rasgo-estado, y apreciacion de la violencia. Neuroticism, vital emotional expressions and perception of violence in youngsters students Youth violence as expressed in student gangs, is a social problem that has spread throughout our country during this decade. The phenomenon is analyzed in a sample of 962 male students from public schools that are considered the territories of the main youth gangs in Lima. Diverse tests were applied with proveo empirical validity and reliability in previous studies as well as in the present one. Multivariate analysis of variance and T of Hottelling showed that to be a member of a youth gang and the neuroticism factor directly affect the expression of vital emotions and the perception of violence as a whole. Likewise, the univariate analysis derived from MANOVA confirmed that neuroticism influences the expression of anger-hostility, state-trait anxiety, and the perception of violence.
Visual fixation patterns of artists and novices in abstract painting observations

Artists have a specific evaluation of abstract paintings while art novices do that with difficulty. This difference is shown in eye fixation patterns, although the cause is not clear. To explain the difference in fixation patterns, we used one of the saliency maps of paintings which predict fixations well without prior knowledge such as a meaningful target. If artists had a deep knowledge of art, they attend less to the salient features than novices in observing abstract paintings. On the other hand, the fixation patterns possibly vary in visual tasks. Therefore we examined the effect of salient features in two tasks: free viewing and preference judgment. To evaluate this quantitatively, the correlation coefficient (CC) between fixation distribution and a saliency map was used. The CCs were compared between artists and novices for each task. We found that the CCs of artists were lower than those of novices in the free viewing task, but not in the preference judgment task. This implies that the artist's knowledge of observation paintings was appeared only in free viewing.
Weak Gravitational Lensing and Cluster Mass Estimates

Hierarchical theories of structure formation predict that clusters of galaxies should be embedded in a weblike structure, with filaments emanating from them to large distances. The amount of mass contained within such filaments near a cluster can be comparable to the collapsed mass of the cluster itself. Diffuse infalling material also contains a large amount of mass. Both of these components can contribute to the cluster weak lensing signal. This "projection bias" is maximized if a filament lies close to the line of sight to a cluster. Using large-scale numerical simulations of structure formation in a Λ-dominated cold dark matter model, we show that the projected mass typically exceeds the actual mass by several tens of percent. This effect is significant for attempts to estimate cluster masses through weak lensing observations and will affect weak lensing surveys aimed at constructing the cluster mass function.
Collateralization of the tectonigral projection with other major output pathways of superior colliculus in the rat

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons exhibit a short‐latency, phasic response to unexpected, biologically salient stimuli. The superior colliculus (SC) is also sensitive to such stimuli and sends a projection directly to DA‐containing regions of the ventral midbrain. Recent evidence suggests that the SC is a critical relay for transmitting short‐latency visual information to DA neurons. An important question is whether the ventral midbrain is an exclusive target of tectonigral neurons, or whether the tectonigral projection is a collateral branch of other tectofugal pathways. Double‐label retrograde anatomical tracing techniques were used to address this issue. Injections of either Diamidino Yellow or Fluorogold into substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) were combined with larger injections of True Blue into one of the following efferent projections of the SC: 1) target regions of the ipsilateral ascending projection to the thalamus; 2) the crossed descending tecto‐reticulo‐spinal pathway; 3) target structures of the ipsilateral descending projection; and 4) the contralateral superior colliculus. Moderate numbers of double‐labeled neurons were observed following combined injections into substantia nigra and individual nuclei in the thalamus (ventromedial nucleus, 21.3%; central lateral, 18.4%; parafasicular nucleus 6.0%). Much less double‐labeling was associated with injections into either of the descending projections (crossed, 1.0–3.2%; uncrossed, 0.2–2.7%) or the contralateral SC (0.7–1.9%). These results suggest: i) the SC may provide a coordinated input concerning the occurrence of unpredicted sensory events to both the substantia nigra and striatum (via the thalamus); and ii) few gaze‐related motor signals are simultaneously relayed to DA‐containing regions of the ventral midbrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:1034–1049, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local feature hierarchy for face recognition across pose and illumination

Even though face recognition in frontal view and normal lighting condition works very well, the performance degenerates sharply in extreme conditions. In real applications, both the lighting and pose variation will always be encountered at the same time. Accordingly we propose an end-to-end face recognition method to deal with pose and illumination simultaneously based on convolutional neural networks where the discriminative nonlinear features that are invariant to pose and illumination are extracted. Normally the global structure for images taken in different views is quite diverse. Therefore we propose to use the 1 × 1 convolutional kernel to extract the local features. Furthermore the parallel multi-stream multi-layer 1 × 1 convolution network is developed to extract multi-hierarchy features. In the experiments we obtained the average face recognition rate of 96.9% on multiPIE dataset, which improves the state-of-the-art of face recognition across poses and illumination by 7.5%. Especially for profile-wise positions, the average recognition rate of our proposed network is 97.8%, which increases the state-of-the-art recognition rate by 19%.
Macrophages genetically resistant to mouse hepatitis virus converted in vitro to susceptible macrophages

Genetic resistance to mouse hepatitis, which resides largely in the macrophages of resistant C3H mice, may be altered by exposing the cells in vitro to fluid from allogeneic mixed lymphocytes. A 1,000-fold increase in susceptibility was produced in these genetically resistant cells by exposure to this fluid. This presumed lymphokine was effective without producing any change in host adaption of the virus.
FOREST: Focused Object Retrieval by Exploiting Significant Tag Paths

Content-intensive websites, e.g., of blogs or news, present pages that contain Web articles automatically generated by content management systems. Identification and extraction of their main content is critical in many applications, such as indexing or classification. We present a novel unsupervised approach for the extraction of Web articles from dynamically-generated Web pages. Our system, called Forest, combines structural and information-based features to target the main content generated by a Web source, and published in associated Web pages. We extensively evaluate Forest with respect to various baselines and datasets, and report improved results over state-of-the art techniques in content extraction.
Face identification using support vector machines

The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a statistic learning technique proposed by Vapnik and his research group [8]. In this paper, we benchmark SVMs on a face identi(cid:12)cation problem and propose two approaches incorporating SV classi(cid:12)ers. The (cid:12)rst approach maps the images in to a low dimensional features vector via a local Principal Component Analysis (PCA), features vectors are then used as the inputs of a SVM. The second algorithm is a direct SV classi(cid:12)er with invariances. Both approaches are tested on the freely available ORL database. The SV classi(cid:12)er with invariances achieves an error of 1.5%, which is the best result known on ORL database.
A Quaternion Widely Linear Adaptive Filter

A quaternion widely linear (QWL) model for quaternion valued mean-square-error (MSE) estimation is proposed. The augmented statistics are first introduced into the field of quaternions, and it is demonstrated that this allows for capturing the complete second order statistics available. The QWL model is next incorporated into the quaternion least mean-square (QLMS) algorithm to yield the widely linear QLMS (WL-QLMS). This allows for a unified approach to adaptive filtering of both Q-proper and Q-improper signals, leading to improved accuracies compared to the QLMS class of algorithms. Simulations on both benchmark and real world data support the analysis.
GP-Localize: Persistent Mobile Robot Localization using Online Sparse Gaussian Process Observation Model

Central to robot exploration and mapping is the task of persistent localization in environmental fields characterized by spatially correlated measurements. This paper presents a Gaussian process localization (GP-Localize) algorithm that, in contrast to existing works, can exploit the spatially correlated field measurements taken during a robot's exploration (instead of relying on prior training data) for efficiently and scalably learning the GP observation model online through our proposed novel online sparse GP. As a result, GP-Localize is capable of achieving constant time and memory (i.e., independent of the size of the data) per filtering step, which demonstrates the practical feasibility of using GPs for persistent robot localization and autonomy. Empirical evaluation via simulated experiments with real-world datasets and a real robot experiment shows that GP-Localize outperforms existing GP localization algorithms.
Evaluating elementary student interaction with ubiquitous touch projection technology

Ubiquitous touch projection technology is entering the market and allows touch screens to be projected onto any smooth surface at a lower cost. We created a mathematics manipulative application for a low-cost, ubiquitous touch projection system, and we conducted an observational study with 18 third-grade elementary students. Through our analysis of both video and system data, we identify common student interaction problems, evaluate how those interaction problems affect usability, engagement, and pair-work, and we make practical suggestions to aid future developers, educators, and students in using such a platform.
Presuppositions, Truth Values, and Expressing Propositions

Philosophers like to talk about propositions. There are many reasons for this. Perhaps the most common is that philosophers are sometimes more interested in the content of a thought or utterance than in the particular sentence or utterance that might express it on some occasion. Propositions are offered as these contents. Like many philosophical notions, this one has been the subject of extensive debate. For instance, it has been challenged on the basis of Quinean queasiness about intensional objects, and Chomskian qualms about the explanatory value of truth-conditional semantics. These are foundational worries about the notion of proposition. But there is another kind of worry about propositions, which leads to the topic of this essay. The notion of proposition has been used to make some highly contentious philosophical claims. In particular, strong claims have been made by declaring that particular utterances, or whole classes of utterances, do not express propositions. Consider the following classes:
Thermalization in a model of neutron star

We consider a simple model used by Lattimer et al. to describe the evolution of temperature [7] in neutron stars. It supposes a linear dependence of the specific heat as a function of temperature and assumes that a mechanical equilibrium is reached, so the problem reduces to the study of large time asymptotic for a Fast Diffusion Equation satisfied by the temperature. In fact this model supposes that the mechanical structure of the medium does not change as the star cools and only considers the heat transfer problem for the temperature θ. It amounts to suppose that we make v ≡ 0 and ρ ≡ ρS in the complete thermo-mechanical system (Navier-Stokes system if viscosity is taken into account), together with frozen internal energy e(ρ, θ) ≡ e(ρS , θ), specific heat cV (ρ, θ) ≡ cV (ρS , θ) and thermal conductivity κ(ρ, θ) ≡ κ(ρS , θ). Then the resulting problem reduces to solve an IBV problem for a Fast Diffusion Equation [9], for which, one can prove global existence, uniqueness and precise large-time asymptotic. So we consider the quasilinear parabolic problem for the temperature θ