Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vortex lines attached to dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates and boson-vortex duality in 3+1 dimensions

We demonstrate the existence of stationary states composed of vortex lines attached to planar dark solitons in scalar Bose-Einstein condensates. Dynamically stable states of this type are found at low values of the chemical potential in channeled condensates, where the long-wavelength instability of dark solitons is prevented. In oblate, harmonic traps, U-shaped vortex lines attached by both ends to a single planar soliton are shown to be long-lived states. Our results are reported for parameters typical of current experiments, and open up a way to explore the interplay of different topological structures. These configurations provide Dirichlet boundary conditions for vortex lines and thereby mimic open strings attached to D-branes in string theory. We show that these similarities can be formally established by mapping the Gross-Pitaevskii theory into a dual effective string theory for open strings via a boson-vortex duality in 3+1 dimensions. Combining a one-form gauge field living on the soliton plane which couples to the endpoints of vortex lines and a two-form gauge field which couples to vortex lines, we obtain a gauge-invariant dual action of open vortex lines with their endpoints attached to dark solitons.
On the deceleration of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei– I. Radiation drag

Deceleration of relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected recently by MOJAVE team is discussed in connection with the interaction of the jet material with the external photon field. Appropriate energy density of the isotropic photon field which is necessary to decelerate jets is determined. It is shown that the disturbances of the electric potential and magnetic surfaces play important role in general dynamics of particle deceleration.
Shelter Identification for Shelter-Transporting AGV Based on Improved Target Detection Model YOLOv5

Shelter identification is the fundamental issue for the shelter-transporting automated guided vehicle to detect and transport shelter effectively. Actively identifying shelter faces the challenge of high accuracy but slow speed using a complex model, and fast speed but low accuracy using a simple model. However, all kinds of target detection algorithms available has difficulty in achieving both high detection accuracy and speed. In this paper, the model YOLOv5n6* is developed based on the modified YOLOv5 model by selecting different model structures, introducing an attention mechanism, and improving loss function and non-maximum suppression. Then, the experiments for shelter recognition were carried out using the model YOLOv5n6*. The experimental results show that the box_loss is reduced by 1.2%, the mAP_0. 5:0.95 is improved by 2%, and the detection accuracy is improved by 0.87% for the improved model YOLOv5n6* compared with the YOLOv5n6. However, the YOLOv5n6* size is only 7.2M, and the detection time is increased by 0.2ms. So it is proved that the modified model YOLOv5n6* not only has a significant improvement in the shelter detection ability but also has strong robustness, which meets both the requirements of the recognition accuracy and the detection speed.
Exact-exchange energy density in the gauge of a semilocal density functional approximation

Exact-exchange energy density and energy density of a semilocal density functional approximation are two key ingredients for modeling the static correlation, a strongly nonlocal functional of the density, through a local hybrid functional. Because energy densities are not uniquely defined, the conventional (Slater) exact-exchange energy density $e_\mathrm{x}^\mathrm{ex(conv)}$ is not necessarily well-suited for local mixing with a given semilocal approximation. We show how to transform $e_\mathrm{x}^\mathrm{ex(conv)}$ in order to make it compatible with an arbitrary semilocal density functional, taking the nonempirical meta-generalized gradient approximation of Tao, Perdew, Staroverov, and Scuseria (TPSS) as an example. Our additive gauge transformation function integrates to zero, satisfies exact constraints, and is most important where the density is dominated by a single orbital shape. We show that, as expected, the difference between semilocal and exact-exchange energy densities becomes more negative under bond stretching in He$_2^{+}$ and related systems. Our construction of $e_\mathrm{x}^\mathrm{ex(conv)}$ by a resolution-of-the-identity method requires uncontracted basis functions.
Phase diagram evolution at finite coupling in strong coupling lattice QCD

We investigate the chiral phase transition in the strong cou pling lattice QCD at finite temperature and density with finite coupling effects. We adopt one species of stagger ed fermion, and develop an analytic formulation based on strong coupling and cluster expansions. We derive the effective potential as a function of two order parameters, the chiral condensateand the quark number densityq, in a self-consistent treatment of the next- to-leading order (NLO) effective action terms. NLO contributions lead to modifications of quark mass, chemical potential and the quark wave function renormalization factor. While the ratioc(T = 0)=Tc(� = 0) is too small in the strong coupling limit, it is found to increase as � = 2N c=g 2 increases. The critical point is found to move in the lower T direction asincreases. Since the vector interaction induced byq is shown to grow as �, the present trend is consistent with the results in Nambu-J ona-Lasinio models. The interplay between two order parameters leads to the existence of partially chiral restored matter, where effective chemical potential is automatically adjusted to the quark excitation energy.
Real‐world use of carfilzomib combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma in Europe and Israel

Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM); however, prospective real‐world data are limited. This real‐world, prospective, observational study evaluated carfilzomib use, effectiveness and safety in adults with RRMM. Data are presented for a subset of patients (n = 383) who received carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd). The overall response rate (ORR) was 83.6% among 360 evaluable patients. Treatment responses were better when KRd was administered at earlier therapy lines than at later lines of therapy (ORR: second line, 85.3%; third line or later, 81.0%). In patients with the anti‐CD38 antibody‐refractory disease, ORR was higher when KRd was administered earlier than at later therapy lines (second line/third line, 75.0%; fourth line or later, 60.0%). An ORR of 68.1% and 82.0% was achieved in the lenalidomide‐refractory and not lenalidomide‐refractory subgroups, respectively. KRd was consistently administered per the European label (twice weekly dose of 27 mg/m2) and the median time to discontinuation was 14.6 months. The safety profile of KRd was consistent with previous studies. These real‐world data highlight the effectiveness of KRd as a treatment for patients with RRMM, including those with disease refractory to lenalidomide or anti‐CD38 antibodies.
Magnetically Ordered Insulators for Advanced Spintronics

Magnetically ordered, electrically insulating materials pave the way towards novel spintronic devices. In these materials the flow of magnetic excitations such as magnons results in pure spin currents. These spin currents can be driven by gradients of the spin chemical potential and/or temperature such that they can play the same role in novel spintronic devices as charge currents in traditional electronic circuits. Connecting spin current based and charge current based devices requires spin to charge interconversion. This has been achieved by the spin Hall effect with an efficiency of several 10%. The recent progress in materials development and understanding of pure spin current physics opens up a plethora of novel device concepts and opportunities for fundamental studies.
CONVECTIVE MOTIONS AND NET CIRCULAR POLARIZATION IN SUNSPOT PENUMBRAE

We have employed a penumbral model, which includes the Evershed flow and convective motions inside penumbral filaments, to reproduce the azimuthal variation of the net circular polarization (NCP) in sunspot penumbrae at different heliocentric angles for two different spectral lines. The theoretical NCP fits the observations as satisfactorily as penumbral models based on flux tubes. The reason for this is that the effect of convective motions on the NCP is very small compared to the effect of the Evershed flow. In addition, the NCP generated by convective upflows cancels out the NCP generated by the downflows. We have also found that, in order to fit the observed NCP, the strength of the magnetic field inside penumbral filaments must be very close to 1000 G. In particular, field-free or weak-field filaments fail to reproduce both the correct sign of the NCP and its dependence on the azimuthal and heliocentric angles.
A fiber Fabry–Perot cavity with high finesse

We have realized a fiber-based Fabry–Perot cavity with CO2 laser-machined mirrors. It combines very small size, high finesse , small waist and mode volume, and good mode matching between the fiber and cavity modes. This combination of features is a major advance for cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), as shown in recent CQED experiments with Bose–Einstein condensates enabled by this cavity (Colombe Y et al 2007 Nature 450 272). It will also be suitable for a wide range of other applications, including coupling to solid-state emitters, gas detection at the single-particle level, fiber-coupled single-photon sources and high-resolution optical filters with large stopband.
THE PANCHROMATIC HUBBLE ANDROMEDA TREASURY. XV. THE BEAST: BAYESIAN EXTINCTION AND STELLAR TOOL

We present the Bayesian Extinction And Stellar Tool (BEAST), a probabilistic approach to modeling the dust extinguished photometric spectral energy distribution of an individual star while accounting for observational uncertainties common to large resolved star surveys. Given a set of photometric measurements and an observational uncertainty model, the BEAST infers the physical properties of the stellar source using stellar evolution and atmosphere models and constrains the line of sight extinction using a newly developed mixture model that encompasses the full range of dust extinction curves seen in the Local Group. The BEAST is specifically formulated for use with large multi-band surveys of resolved stellar populations. Our approach accounts for measurement uncertainties and any covariance between them due to stellar crowding (both systematic biases and uncertainties in the bias) and absolute flux calibration, thereby incorporating the full information content of the measurement. We illustrate the accuracy and precision possible with the BEAST using data from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury. While the BEAST has been developed for this survey, it can be easily applied to similar existing and planned resolved star surveys.
Models of holographic superconductivity

We construct general models for holographic superconductivity parametrized by three couplings which are functions of a real scalar field and show that under general assumptions they describe superconducting phase transitions. While some features are universal and model independent, important aspects of the quantum critical behavior strongly depend on the choice of couplings, such as the order of the phase transition and critical exponents of second-order phase transitions. In particular, we study a one-parameter model where the phase transition changes from second to first order above some critical value of the parameter and a model with tunable critical exponents.
The Time-Varying Impact of Exchange Rate Changes on Disney Stock Returns and Volatility: Evidence from the Fed's Rate Hike

In the world economy and financial markets, exchange rates fluctuate continuously over time. This paper assesses the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the return and volatility of Disney's stock. A VAR model and an ARMA-GARCH model were developed to analyze the changes in stock prices in terms of value and volatility. This paper finds that changes in exchange rates have a limited impact on Disney stock prices and have no significant effect on the daily volatility of its returns. However, because the appreciation of the U.S. dollar triggered by the Fed's rate hike will offset this positive and negative effect, investors should keep their perspective elsewhere without caring about the volatility of Disney stock prices due to exchange rate changes.
A BROWN DWARF CENSUS FROM THE SIMP SURVEY

We have conducted a near-infrared (NIR) proper motion survey, the Sondage Infrarouge de Mouvement Propre, in order to discover field ultracool dwarfs (UCD) in the solar neighborhood. The survey was conducted by imaging ∼28% of the sky with the Caméra PAnoramique Proche-InfraRouge both in the southern hemisphere at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 1.5 m telescope, and in the northern hemisphere at the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic 1.6 m telescope and comparing the source positions from these observations with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey Point Source Catalog (2MASS PSC). Additional color criteria were used to further discriminate unwanted astrophysical sources. We present the results of an NIR spectroscopic follow-up of 169 M, L, and T dwarfs. Among the sources discovered are 2 young field brown dwarfs, 6 unusually red M and L dwarfs, 25 unusually blue M and L dwarfs, 2 candidate unresolved L+T binaries, and 24 peculiar UCDs. Additionally, we add 9 L/T transition dwarfs (L6–T4.5) to the already known objects.
Spectral properties of a partially spin-polarized one-dimensional Hubbard/Luttinger superfluid

We calculate the excitation spectra of a spin-polarized Hubbard chain away from half filling using a high-precision momentum-resolved time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group method. Focusing on the $Ul0$ case, we present in some detail the single-fermion, pair, density, and spin spectra and discuss how spin-charge separation is altered for this system. The pair spectra show a quasicondensate at a nonzero momentum proportional to the polarization, as expected for this Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov-type superfluid.
A p-variable higher-order finite volume time domain method for electromagnetic scattering problems

Higher-order accurate solution to electromagnetic scattering problems are obtained at reduced computational cost in a {\it p}-variable finite volume time domain method. Spatial operators of lower, including first-order accuracy, are employed locally in substantial parts of the computational domain during the solution process. The use of computationally cheaper lower order spatial operators does not affect the overall higher-order accuracy of the solution. The order of the spatial operator at a candidate cell during numerical simulation can vary in space and time and is dynamically chosen based on an order of magnitude comparison of scattered and incident fields at the cell center. Numerical results are presented for electromagnetic scattering from perfectly conducting two-dimensional scatterers subject to transverse magnetic and transverse electric illumination.
GalRotpy: an educational tool to understand and parametrize the rotation curve and gravitational potential of disk-like galaxies

GalRotpy is an educational Python-based visual tool, which is useful to understand how is the contribution of each mass components to the gravitational potential of disk-like galaxies and in the corresponding rotation curve. The standard gravitational potential of disk-like galaxies can be built by the contribution of a Miyamoto-Nagai potential model for both bulge/core and thin disk together with an NFW (NavarroFrenkWhite) potential or Burkert (for cored density profile) potential for the Dark Matter halo. The GalRotpy tool can give a first approximation of the galaxy rotation curve using the following schemes: (i ) a bulge model, (ii ) a thin or thick disk (iii ) and an exponential disk model for the stellar component and (iv ) a Dark Matter halo. The axisymmetric gravitational potential calculations are based on galpy package. After a brief review of gravitation potential theory, we focus on the construction of the rotation curves of disk-like galaxies. We present two study cases, the rotation curves of NGC6361 and M33 galaxies. According to the results found, GalRotpy is useful to modeling rotation curves and estimate realistic gravitational parameters of galaxies. It can be used for the Milky Way galaxy and other extragalactic sources.
Quantification of stress and depression level posed by COVID-19 in first-line healthcare workers

After pandemic, healthcare workers experienced a series of emotional and psychological disturbances that could impact their mental well-being. In this study, the feasibility of morphological characteristics of photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveform to quantify stress and depression level posed by COVID-19 in first-line healthcare workers is explored. Results show that higher stress and depression level are moderately correlated with large systolic amplitude and parameters that might indicate early wave reflection. These results suggest that an arterial stiffness, quantified with PPG morphological characteristics, could provide valuable information in assessing mental health.
Phase diagram of the iron arsenide superconductors Ca(Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 ( 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0 . 2 )

Platelet-like single crystals of the Ca(Fe1-xCox)2As2 series having lateral dimensions up to 15 mm and thickness up to 0.5 mm were obtained from the high temperature solution growth technique using Sn flux. Upon Co doping, the c-axis of the tetragonal unit cell decreases, while the a-axis shows a less significant variation. Pristine CaFe2As2 shows a combined spin-density-wave and structural transition near T = 166 K which gradually shifts to lower temperatures and splits with increasing Co-doping. Both transitions terminate abruptly at a critical Co-concentration of xc = 0.075. For x \geq 0.05, superconductivity appears at low temperatures with a maximum transition temperature TC of around 20 K. The superconducting volume fraction increases with Co concentration up to x = 0.09 followed by a gradual decrease with further increase of the doping level. The electronic phase diagram of Ca(Fe1-xCox)2As2 (0 \leq x \leq 0.2) series is constructed from the magnetization and electric resistivity data. We show that the low-temperature superconducting properties of Co-doped CaFe2As2 differ considerably from those of BaFe2As2 reported previously. These differences seem to be related to the extreme pressure sensitivity of CaFe2As2 relative to its Ba counterpart.
The NuSTAR Extragalactic Surveys: Unveiling Rare, Buried AGNs and Detecting the Contributors to the Peak of the Cosmic X-Ray Background

We report on the results of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detection by NuSTAR performed in three extragalactic survey fields (COSMic Evolutionary Survey field (COSMOS), Ultra Deep Survey (UDS), and Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDFS)) in three hard bands, namely H1 (8–16 keV), H2 (16–24 keV), and VH (35–55 keV). The aggregated area of the surveys is ∼2.7 deg2. While a large number of sources is detected in the H1 band (72 at the 97% level of reliability), the H2 band directly probing close to the peak of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) returns four significant detections, and two tentative (although not significant) detections are found in the VH-band. All of the sources detected above 16 keV are also detected at lower energies. We compute the integral number counts for sources in such bands, which show broad consistency with population-synthesis models of the CXB. We furthermore identify two Compton-thick AGNs, one in the COSMOS field, associated with a hard and faint Chandra source, and one in the UDS field, never detected in the X-ray band before. Both sources are at the same redshift z ∼ 1.25, which shifts their Compton-hump into the H1 band, and were previously missed in the usually employed NuSTAR bands, confirming the potential for using the H1 band to discover obscured AGNs at z > 1 in deep surveys.
Protection of topological order by symmetry and many-body localization

In closed quantum systems, strong randomness can localize many-body excitations, preventing ergodicity. An interesting consequence is that high energy excited states can exhibit quantum coherent properties, such as symmetry protected topological (SPT) order, that otherwise only occur in equilibrium ground states. Here, we ask: which types of SPT orders can be realized in highly excited states of a many-body (MB) localized system? We argue that this question is equivalent to whether an SPT order can be realized in an exactly solvable lattice model of commuting projectors. This perspective enables a sharp definition of MB localizability. Using this criterion, it is straightforward to establish that whereas all bosonic SPTs in spatial dimensions $d=1,\,2,\,3$ are MB localizable, chiral phases (e.g. quantum Hall fluids) are not. We also show that free fermion SPTs in $d >1$ (including topological insulators and superconductors) cannot be localized if interactions are weak. A key question is whether strong interactions can render them MB localizable, which we study in the context of a class of $d=2$ topological superconductors. Using a decorated domain wall (DDW) approach we show that some phases in this class are MB localizable, when they correspond to bosonic SPT orders. However, a similar DDW approach faces a fatal obstruction to realizing certain intrinsically fermionic SPT orders, an issue we argue may persist beyond this specific construction.
A Convolutional Neural Network Model for Image Enhancement of Extremely Dense Breast Tissue in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Images

Almost half of all mammograms performed on women over 40 reveal dense breasts. Breast density has been associated with both low BMI and the use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Breast cancer is more common in women with dense breasts than in women with fatty breasts, and the risk increases with increasing breast density. Mammograms may be more challenging to read in women with dense breasts than in women with fatty breasts. This is because dense breast tissue and pathological breast alterations, such as calcifications and tumours, appear as white regions on mammography. As a result, this study aims to create a fast and accurate approach for enhancing Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) images using a deep learning convolution neural network (CNN). The results then show that the very deep super-resolution (VDSR) approach produces the best results compared to the BICUBIC. Finally, this research will compare the obtained results for VDSR with the traditional method, BICUBIC. This study can conclude that the project successfully obtained a satisfactory result.
Applying matrix product operators to model systems with long-range interactions

An algorithm is presented which computes a translationally invariant matrix product state approximation of the ground state of an infinite one-dimensional (1D) system. It does this by embedding sites into an approximation of the infinite “environment” of the chain, allowing the sites to relax and then merging them with the environment in order to refine the approximation. By making use of matrix product operators, our approach is able to directly model any long-range interaction that can be systematically approximated by a series of decaying exponentials. We apply these techniques to compute the ground state of the Haldane-Shastry model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 635 (1988) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 639 (1988)] and present the results.