Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of Stem Cell Markers in High-LET Space Radiation-Induced Intestinal Tumors in Apc1638N/+ Mouse Intestine

Simple Summary Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) poses risks to the expanding interest in human space exploration; in atomic bomb survivors and radiological professionals, IR exposure has been linked to GI diseases, including colon cancer. Here, we assessed the expression of multiple stem cell markers in premalignant tumors and adjacent normal mucosa after low- and high-linear energy transfer (LET) irradiation. Our results revealed a noticeable correlation between increased levels of stemness markers and β-catenin activation in premalignant tumors, which was more prominent in tumors induced after exposure to high-LET radiation compared to low-LET induced tumors. Our findings also highlight the complex relationship between radiation types and stem cell phenotypes and their potential influence on carcinogenesis processes, which has significant implications for cancer risk assessments. Abstract Estimation of cancer risk among astronauts planning to undertake future deep-space missions requires understanding the quantitative and qualitative differences in radiogenic cancers after low- and high-LET radiation exposures. Previously, we reported a multifold higher RBE for high-LET radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) tumorigenesis in Apc1638N/+ mice. Using the same model system, i.e., Apc1638N/+ mice, here, we report qualitative differences in the cellular phenotype of low- and high-LET radiation-induced GI tumors. Stem cell (SC) phenotypes were identified using BMI1, ALDH1, CD133, DCLK1, MSI1, and LGR5 markers in low (γ-rays)- and high (56Fe)-LET radiation-induced and spontaneous tumors. We also assessed the expression of these markers in the adjacent normal mucosa. All six of these putative SC markers were shown to be overexpressed in tumors compared to the adjacent normal intestinal tissue. A differential SC phenotype for spontaneous and radiogenic intestinal tumors in Apc1638N/+ mice was observed, where the ALDH1, BMI1, CD133, MSI1, and DCLK1 expressing cells were increased, while LGR5 expressing cells were decreased in 56Fe-induced tumors compared to γ-ray-induced and spontaneous tumors. Furthermore, higher β-catenin activation (marked by nuclear localization) was observed in 56Fe-induced tumors compared to γ and spontaneous tumors. Since differential tumor cell phenotype along with activated β-catenin may very well affect malignant progression, our findings are relevant to understanding the higher carcinogenic risk of high-LET radiation. This study has implications for the assessment of GI-cancer risk among astronauts, as well as for the estimation of secondary cancer risk among patients receiving hadron therapy, considering that our results indicate increased stemness properties after radiation.
Magnetostratigraphie de l'atoll souleve de mare, nouvelle caledonie, sud-ouest pacifique

Mare, ile de l'archipel des loyaute (so pacifique), a ete progressivement soulevee lors de sa migration sur le bombement lithospherique de la plaque australienne, avant la subduction de cette derniere dans la fosse des nouvelles-hebrides. Elle est constituee d'un soubassement volcanique sur lequel reposent une plate-forme a rhodolithes et une construction recifale qui lui donne sa morphologie d'atoll. Le but de ce travail etait de correler et de dater par magnetostratigraphie les carbonates peu profonds de l'ile afin de preciser les principales etapes de son evolution et les mecanismes mis en jeu. L'analyse paleomagnetique par le biais de mesures physiques et l'etude petrographique des mineraux magnetiques extraits, indiquent que l'aimantation des carbonates de mare est essentiellement portee par un melange de grains de (titano)-magnetite/maghemite de taille mono-domaine a pluri-domaines, d'origine biogenique et detritique. Une aimantation remanente primaire stable est preservee dans les depots, malgre leur transformation mineralogique et leur surrection. Les sequences d'inversions de polarite obtenues, correlees a l'echelle geomagnetique de reference a l'aide de determinations faunistiques et de datations radiometriques, s'etendent du sommet du chron c4n (miocene superieur) a la limite gauss/matuyama (pliocene superieur). Ces nouvelles datations magnetostratigraphiques fournissent de nombreuses lignes-temps qui precisent la chronostratigraphie des depots et suggerent des taux d'accumulation variant de 3 a 60 m/ma. La transition entre la plate-forme a rhodolithes et la construction recifale, associee a un evenement regional autour de la limite miocene/pliocene, est marquee par une surface durcie qui represente un hiatus d'environ 1,5 ma. Le bombement lithospherique semble avoir influence l'evolution de l'ile de mare depuis environ 3 ma, conduisant a une emersion diachrone de la couronne de l'atoll au ne et au so, avec un taux de soulevement moyen de l'ordre de 4 cm/1000 ans
An Exploration of Botanic Garden – School Collaborations and Student Environmental Learning Experiences

Botanic gardens, as outdoor education settings, combine educating about the interdependence of people and plants, and the importance of protecting their habitats so that people’s willingness to protect the environment is enhanced. This research has been conducted within a renewed interest in the educational significance of learning beyond the classroom in the UK, and considers that botanic gardens – school collaborations have the potential to overcome barriers to the provision of outdoor education. Additionally, such collaborations offer appropriate grounds to investigate the relationship of school-based and outdoor learning. This research looks for the factors that militate in favour of successful collaborations between botanic gardens and schools, and explores how such collaborations shape pupils’ environmental learning experiences in the school and in the gardens. My research entails an ethnographic multi case study of collaborations between Wakehurst Place and three local primary schools. I conducted my fieldwork during the school year 2006-2007, and my research techniques included participant observation, semi-structured interviews, informal talks, keeping fieldnotes, and collecting documents and artifacts. Data were analysed using thematic analysis techniques. My research shows that the history of collaboration between the gardens and local schools, the organisations’ interdependency, and the development of professional relationships between the individuals involved, are the overarching factors that contribute to the success of collaborations. In addition, acknowledging that experience can be conceptualised in different ways, this research has shown that successful botanic gardens – school collaborations can result in pupils’ linking their environmental learning experiences across settings. Arguing that pupils merge the learning they acquire from different sources into a whole unit, and taking into account that individual behaviours are influenced by a variety of factors, it is suggested teachers and educators need to focus on encouraging pupils’ critical thinking on environmental issues through environmental learning experiences in the gardens and at school.
Is There an Association between Increased Stress and Smartphone Addiction? Insights from a Study on Medical Students from Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: Smartphone addiction is prevalent among medical students, and there is a concern that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic fueled a rise in smartphone addiction. Earlier studies suggest a link between excessive smartphone usage and negative outcomes such as depression, stress, and reduced academic achievement. However, there is a dearth of both local studies in Saudi Arabia and studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic exploring the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its association with academic performance, depression, and perceived stress, which is the purpose of the current study. Methods: In 2021, a cross-sectional research project took place among medical students at King Saud University and the Vision Colleges located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic variables, grade point average (GPA), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version (SAS-SV) was deployed. Results: Three hundred and fifteen students participated. Around 47.9% of students reported smartphone addiction, and the mean SAS-SV score was 32.31 ± 12.01 points. Both PHQ-9 and PSS-4 scores showed a significant positive correlation with the SAS-SV score (r = 0.216, p < 0.001 and r = 247, p < 0.001, respectively), while GPA did not (r = −0.027, p = 0.639). An adjusted analysis showed that the PSS-4 score was positively associated with the SAS-SV score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.206, p < 0.001), while the PHQ-9 score was not (OR = 102, p = 0.285). Conclusions: Smartphone addiction is prevalent among medical students and associated with perceived stress. Additional research is required to gain a deeper comprehension of this issue and to assess the success of intervention initiatives aimed at encouraging healthy smartphone usage, particularly in times of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Future of Stress Management: Integration of Smartwatches and HRV Technology

In the modern world, stress has become a pervasive concern that affects individuals’ physical and mental well-being. To address this issue, many wearable devices have emerged as potential tools for stress detection and management by measuring heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and various metrics related to it. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing research on HRV tracking and biofeedback using smartwatches pairing with reliable 3rd party mobile apps like Elite HRV, Welltory, and HRV4Training specifically designed for stress detection and management. We apply various algorithms and methodologies employed for HRV analysis and stress detection including time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear analysis techniques. Prominent smartwatches, such as Apple Watch, Garmin, Fitbit, Polar, and Samsung Galaxy Watch, are evaluated based on their HRV measurement accuracy, data quality, sensor technology, and integration with stress management features. We describe the efficacy of smartwatches in providing real-time stress feedback, personalized stress management interventions, and promoting overall well-being. To assist researchers, doctors, and developers with using smartwatch technology to address stress and promote holistic well-being, we discuss the data’s advantages and limitations, future developments, and the significance of user-centered design and personalized interventions.
Morpho-Physiological and Antioxidative Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Different Forms of Selenium

Selenium (Se) deficiency in human and animal nutrition is primarily due to low levels of Se in soils. It can be prevented by enriching crops, such as wheat, with Se through agronomic biofortification. Although Se is not essential for plants, it shows a dual effect on their metabolism depending on its concentration. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of five different concentrations (0.4, 4, 20, 40, and 400 mg/kg) of selenate and selenite on the oxidative status and antioxidative response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Kraljica) shoots and roots. According to morpho-physiological analyses, selenite was found to have a lower toxicity threshold than selenate. The measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers showed that Se did not cause oxidative damage to wheat seedlings due to the activation of detoxification mechanisms at the biochemical level, which depended on the type of tissue, concentration, and form of applied Se. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of selenate can be recommended for wheat seedling biofortification due to a sufficient increase in Se accumulation in shoots without signs of toxicity. These results contribute to a better understanding of wheat seedlings’ physiological and biochemical responses to Se and the development of more effective biofortification strategies.
TOR Signaling Tightly Regulated Vegetative Growth, Conidiation, Oxidative Stress Tolerance and Entomopathogenicity in the Fungus Beauveria bassiana

Beauveria bassiana degenerates after repeated subcultures, demonstrating declined conidiation and insect virulence. The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase conserved among eukaryotes is the master regulator of cellular physiology and is likely involved in culture degeneration. Indeed, the levels of TOR-associated proteins increase over successive subcultures. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 locus engineering introduced the inducible Tet-On promoter upstream of the TOR kinase 2 gene tor2 in B. bassiana. The mutant PTet-On tor2 ‘T41’ was verified for the Tet-On integration via PCR analyses and provided a model for evaluating the fungal phenotypes according to the tor2 expression levels, induced by doxycycline (Dox) concentrations. At 0 µg·mL−1 of Dox, T41 had 68% of the wild type’s (WT) tor2 expression level, hampered radial growth and relatively lower levels of oxidative stress tolerance, conidiation and virulence against Spodoptera exigua, compared to those under the presence of Dox. A low dose of Dox at 0.1–1 µg·mL−1 induced tor2 upregulation in T41 by up to 91% compared to 0 µg·mL−1 of Dox, resulting in significant increases in radial growth by 8–10% and conidiation by 8–27%. At 20 µg·mL−1 of Dox, which is 132% higher than T41’s tor2 expression level at 0 µg·mL−1 of Dox, T41 showed an increased oxidative stress tolerance and a decrease in growth inhibition under iron replete by 62%, but its conidiation significantly dropped by 47% compared to 0 µg·mL−1 of Dox. T41 at 20 µg·mL−1 of Dox had a strikingly increased virulence (1.2 day lower LT50) against S. exigua. The results reflect the crucial roles of TOR kinase in the vegetative growth, conidiation, pathogenicity and oxidative stress tolerance in B. bassiana. Since TOR upregulation is correlated with culture degeneration in multiple subcultures, our data suggest that TOR signaling at relatively low levels plays an important role in growth and development, but at moderate to high levels could contribute to some degenerated phenotypes, e.g., those found in successive subcultures.
The effect of crest shape on discharge coefficient at linear weirs

A detailed experimental laboratory analysis of the effect of crest shape on the discharge coefficient of sharp-crested weirs is presented in the paper. The experiments were conducted for four different crest shapes. The experiments and analyses show that discharge capacity, and discharge coefficient in particular, are significantly affected by weir crest height. It is stated in conclusion that rounded crest shape has the highest discharge capacity. In practice, sharp crested weirs are generally preferred to other crest shapes due to construction facility, although the discharge coefficient values of sharp crested weirs are lower compared to rounded crest shape.
Colostrum Features of Active and Recovered COVID-19 Patients Revealed Using Next-Generation Proteomics Technique, SWATH-MS

Colostrum performs nutritional, anti-inflammatory and anti-infective functions and promotes immune system formation and organ development. The new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has generated concerns about viral transmission through human milk, with a lack of evidence about human milk’s protective effects against the infection. This study aimed at analyzing presence of the virus and at identifying the protein expression profile of human colostrum in active and COVID-19-recovered patients. Colostrum samples were collected from women with COVID-19 (n = 3), women recently recovered from the infection (n = 4), and non-infected women (n = 5). The samples were analyzed by means of RT-qPCR to determine presence of the virus and using SWATH-MS for proteomic analysis. Proteomic results were then analyzed using bioinformatic methods. The viral tests were negative for SARS-CoV-2 in the colostrum from COVID-19 patients. The proteomic analysis identified 301 common proteins in all samples analyzed. Nineteen proteins were upregulated and 7 were downregulated in the COVID-19 group versus the control samples, whereas 18 were upregulated and 7 were downregulated when comparing the COVID-19 group to the recovered group. Eleven proteins were biomarkers of active COVID-19 infection. Ten were upregulated: ACTN1, CD36, FAM3B, GPRC5B, IGHA2, IGK, PLTP, RAC1, SDCBP and SERPINF1, and one was downregulated: PSAP. These proteins are mainly related to immunity, inflammatory response and protein transport. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that colostrum is not a vehicle for mother-to-child SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Moreover, the colostrum’s proteome of active and recuperated patients indicate that it could provide immune benefits to infants.
Review on Cleveland Heart Disease Dataset using Machine Learning

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), heart disease has been a foremost source of death worldwide for the past 15 years. Therefore Medical diagnosis is typically performed mostly by doctors due to their training and experience. In the field of medicine, computer-aided decision support systems are enormously significant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop prediction systems that give information of different categories to readers. According to the study, hybrid intelligent algorithms increase the heart disease prediction system’s accuracy. Hence, recognizing cardiovascular problems including heart attacks, coronary artery diseases, etc. by routine clinical data analysis is an important task; early identification of heart disease may save many lives. In this article, have reviewed various papers related to the Cleveland heart disease dataset that used one or more machine-learning algorithms to forecast congestive heart failure. In one of the above mention papers, the result of utilizing Random Forest is almost 100%. To ensure that predictions made using machine learning algorithms produce accurate outcomes. Applying machine learning algorithms to heart disease treatment data can produce results that are just as accurate as those found in heart disease diagnosis.
COMPARING TWO APPROACHES ON THE ESTIMATIVE ANISOTROPIC PARAMETERSFROM WELL LOGS: AN APPLICATION ON THE NORNE FIELD DATASET

ABSTRACT. Estimating the elastic properties of the rocks in the subsurface is a task with many challenges. The main goal of this work is to estimate the Thomsen anisotropic parameters from the inversion of elastic stiffness coefficients using data from five wells of the Norne Field, located at Norway. We compare the results of these parameters with the Backus average, using Li’s empirical method. Further, aspect ratio and crack density are calculated from the results of the elastic stiffness coefficients. It is considered a transversely isotropic medium. The results from the two methods showed similarities in estimating anisotropic parameters, aspect ratio and fracture density. The anisotropy of the study area is weak with some regions with moderate anisotropy. Some patterns suggest the possibility of calculating the anisotropic parameters for the adjacent wells and interpolate values for use in seismic processing.Keywords: Transversally isotropic medium, well logs, Thomsen parameters, Backus AverageRESUMO. Estimar as propriedades elásticas das rochas em subsurperfície é uma tarefa com muitos desafios. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estimar os parâmetros de anisotropia de Thomsen a partir da inversão dos coeficientes de rigidez elástica, utilizando dados de cinco diferentes poços do campo de Norne, localizado na Noruega. Comparamos os resultados obtidos para esses parâmetros com a média de Backus, usando o método empírico de Li. Em seguida, a razão de aspecto e a densidade de fratura foram calculadas a partir dos resultados dos coeficientes de rigidez elástica. O meio transversalmente isotrópico é considerado neste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos dois métodos mostraram similaridades na estimativa dos parâmetros de anisotropia, razão de aspecto e densidade de fratura. A anisotropia da área de estudo é fraca com algumas regiões de anisotropia moderada. Alguns padrões encontrados sugerem a possibilidade de calcular os parâmetros de anisotropia para os poços vizinhos e interpolá-los para uso futuro no processamento sísmico. Palavras-chave: Meios transversalmente isotrópicos, perfis de poços, parâmetros de Thomsen, média de Backus 1UFPA,
Higher Educational Institutions’ Digital Transformation and the Roles of Digital Platform Capability and Psychology in Innovation Performance after COVID-19

Digital technologies have transformed business models quickly, making sustainable, inventive performance essential for the survival of businesses, particularly in emerging markets. However, a lot of English educational institutions struggle to make use of digital platform capability (DPC) due to a lack of funding, resources, and experience that stifles prospects for advanced innovation. After the COVID-19 pandemic, this study suggests a framework to investigate how English educational institutions might improve their innovation performance using DPC. The study examines the relationship between digital innovation (DI) and innovation performance (IP), as well as the moderating effects of digital technology (DT). This study uses a quantitative methodology and questionnaire survey with 435 respondents from institutions that support DPC. The analysis examines the hypotheses using correlations, regression analyses, and 5000 bootstraps. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between DPC and IP, with DI acting as a mediator. Additionally, the outcomes show that the development of digital technology strengthens the positive influence of DPC on innovation performance. Through filling research gaps, this study adds to the body of knowledge. It also has significant management implications for English educational institutions looking to improve their innovation performance by fostering digital platform ability and digital innovation.
Synthesis of carbohydrate based polythiophene graft poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(GLU-HEM) copolymer for lectin sensing

Abstract Sensing of lectins are utmost necessary for its inflammatory, digestive disorder, gut pains and toxicity to human beings and for this purpose we have chosen polythiophene (PT) for its exciting optoelectronic properties. Because of precise carbohydrate specificities of lectin and to make PT water soluble for sensing of lectin, we have synthesized polythiophene-g-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) -co-poly(glucose-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PT-g-pDMAEMA-co-pGLU-HEM), [PTDG]) from polythiophene macroinitiator (PTI) by copolymerizing DMAEMA and GLU-HEM monomers mixture with CuCl/HMTETA catalyst/ligand followed by hydrolysis using alcoholic NaOMe solution. The Mn of PTI was 38000, polydispersity 2.5, head-tail (H-T) regioregularity 70 mol % and Mn of unhydrolyzed PTDG is 98,900. The UV-Vis spectra of PTDG solution shows two absorption peaks at 430 and 462 nm but it shows a sharp emission peak at 544 nm which quenches with increasing pH. Concanavalin A (ConA) shows an absorbance peak at 278 nm and with addition of PTDG solution absorbance intensity increases showing hypochromic effect. Benesi–Hildebrand plot of reciprocal molar extinction coefficients with concentration suggests 1:1 complex formation between PTDG and ConA. With addition of ConA fluorescence quenching of PTDG solution occurred and using the fluorescence intensity ratio vs concentration plot the limit of detection (LOD) of Con A lectin is found to be 57 µg/L and storing the polymer solution for two months exhibits good durability. The morphology of PTDG changes from vesicle to compound micellar aggregate on addition of Con A lectin. Graphical Abstract We have synthesized a polythiophene glcopolymer (PT-g-pDMAEMA-co-pGLU-HEM), PTDG) using ATRP technique and its UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra indicates pH responsivity and lectin sensing property with LOD of 57 µg/L.