Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraoral Localization of Micro-organisms

A method which could detect oral micro organisms in the exact location of their occurrence would reveal much concerning their role in dental caries. Most of the caries activity tests determine the presence of micro organisms in the saliva and not in situ. The detection and identification of oral micro-organisms in the carious lesion itself could help diagnosis and treat caries. Irreversible hydrocolloid full-mouth impressions were taken of dental clinic patients. The imprcssion material was carefully placed in the mouth and removed, so that a minimum of streaking of the dental plaque would occur. The impressions were boxed in wax and immediately poured with fortified selective agar medium. The medium was kept at 47' C. , so that it would solidify on contact with the hydrocolloid. The poured impressions were chilled, and the agar medium model (Fig. 1) was carefully removed from the impression material.
Introduction to the Revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Position Paper on Acute Liver Failure 2011

The diagnosis of ALF hinges on identifying that the patient has an acute insult and is encephalopathic. Imaging in recent years has suggested “cirrhosis,” but this is often an overcall by radiology, because a regenerating massively necrotic liver will give the same nodular profile as cirrhosis.1 It is vital to promptly get viral hepatitis serologies, including A-E as well as autoimmune serologies, because these often seem to be neglected at the initial presentation. Fulminant Wilson's disease can be diagnosed most effectively not by waiting for copper levels (too slow to obtain) or by obtaining ceruloplasmin levels (low in half of all ALF patients, regardless of etiology), but by simply looking for the more readily available bilirubin level (very high) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; very low), such that the bilirubin/ALP ratio exceeds 2.0. 2 The availability of an assay that measures acetaminophen adducts has been used for several years as a research tool and has improved our clinical recognition of acetaminophen cases when the diagnosis is obscured by patient denial or encephalopathy. 3 Any patient with very high aminotransferases and low bilirubin on admission with ALF very likely has acetaminophen overdose, with the one possible exception being those patients who enter with ischemic injury. Obtaining autoantibodies should be routine and a low threshold for biopsy in patients with indeterminate ALF should be standard, given that autoimmune hepatitis may be the largest category of indeterminate, after unrecognized acetaminophen poisoning. 4
A quantitative assessment of the complexity of static conceptual schemata for reference types of front-office

This paper describes how measurement knowledge and expertise gained in the software engineering field can be transferred to the area of business process modeling and analysis. More specifically, we present results from an evaluation study of alternative front-office system designs. The front-office is the part of a service-oriented organisation where the services required by a customer and offered by the service provider are agreed upon. In this paper an approach is presented to formally evaluate the complexity of alternative front-office system designs. This complexity assessment method integrates two techniques: conceptual modeling and software artifact complexity measurement. The results of the complexity assessment are part of a balanced approach towards determining the optimal level of service customisation for a company.
UICC drops the ball in the 8th edition TNM staging of urological cancers

The publication of each successive edition of the TNM staging classification by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) is widely anticipated, as the staging system is accepted and utilized internationally. Late in 2016 the eighth edition of the TNM classification (UICC 8)1 was released but unfortunately, and despite the passage of six years since the publication of the seventh edition of the staging classification, the new edition incorporates little new data. In addition to this there are a number of differences between the staging recommendations of UICC 8 and those recently published as part of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee for Cancer (AJCC 8). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Inhibition of return in response to gaze cues: The roles of time course and fixation cue

Recent studies have demonstrated that orienting of attention in response to nonpredictive gaze cues arises rapidly and automatically, in a similar fashion to peripheral sudden onset cueing. However, while peripheral cues consistently elicit inhibition of return (IOR) at about 300 ms following cue onset, very little is known about inhibition effects in response to gaze cues. The present experiments systematically examined the conditions under which IOR arises with such cues. Reliable inhibition effects were obtained. Importantly, IOR emerged only at long cue-target intervals and only when a second cue actively triggered attention away from the cued location. This suggests that compared to sudden onset cueing, gaze cueing results in both prolonged facilitation and a delayed onset of inhibition processes. Thus, although both types of cues elicit very similar orienting effects in terms of their basic behavioural outcomes, there are more subtle differences between gaze and peripheral cues with respect to the maintenance and quality of those cueing effects across time.
Max Weber, "Rational Capitalism," and Renaissance Italy: A Critique of Cohen

Contrary to Cohen, Max Weber did not believe that the initial development of modern rational capitalism occurred only after the Reformation. In the case of Renaissance Italy, however, recent empirical studies confirm Weber's view that the scale of modern rational capitalist development was still limited and that economic traditonalism prevailed. Although some thechnical advances were evident (e.g., in accounting), their significance has been exaggerated. This is due in large measure to the use of simplistic evolutionary models of social change which (in Weber's terms) conflate "technical rationality" with "rational economic action. "
Alcohol-related sexual assault: a common problem among college students.

OBJECTIVE This article summarizes research on the role of alcohol in college students' sexual assault experiences. Sexual assault is extremely common among college students. At least half of these sexual assaults involve alcohol consumption by the perpetrator, the victim or both. METHOD Two research literatures were reviewed: the sexual assault literature and the literature that examines alcohol's effects on aggressive and sexual behavior. RESULTS Research suggests that alcohol consumption by the perpetrator and/or the victim increases the likelihood of acquaintance sexual assault occurring through multiple pathways. Alcohol's psychological, cognitive and motor effects contribute to sexual assault. CONCLUSIONS Although existing research addresses some important questions, there are many gaps. Methodological limitations of past research are noted, and suggestions are made for future research. In addition, recommendations are made for college prevention programs and policy initiatives.
Phonological acquisition in Malta: A bilingual language learning context

A total of 241 Maltese children aged 2;0—6;0 years, drawn randomly from the public registry of births, were assessed on a picture naming task to evaluate phone articulation, phonology and consistency of word production. Children were allowed to use the language they chose (either Maltese or English). Ninety-three children (38.6%) were reported by parents to speak both Maltese and English at home, 137 (56.9%) were reported to speak Maltese and 11 (4.7%) only English at home. The data gained were analyzed for percent consonants and vowels correct, adult phonemes absent, developmental speech error patterns, number of English and Maltese words used, and the percentage of children using translation equivalents. The children who were reported to be only exposed to English at home were not compared statistically with other children because of the small number in that group. The data showed an increase in phonological competence over the age range and differences between children reported to be exposed to one as opposed to two languages at home. Many children, irrespective of reported home language context, used both English and Maltese during assessment. The results were interpreted as showing independent phonological systems that nevertheless interacted; a bilingual language learning context affected word naming language choice.
DNA adducts of 1,3‐butadiene in humans: Relationships to exposure, GST genotypes, single‐strand breaks, and cytogenetic end points

The modulation of 1,3‐butadiene (BD)‐induced DNA adducts by occupational exposure, glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genotypes, single‐strand breaks, and cytogenetic end points was studied in 15 workers and 11 controls. The exposed group consisted of 8 smokers and 7 nonsmokers, whereas the control group consisted of 7 nonsmokers and 4 smokers. Among all subjects, the adduct levels in workers lacking GSTM1 were significantly higher than in those who were GSTM1 positive (P = 0.026), and individuals with combined GSTM1(−) and GSTT1(+) genotype had elevated level of adducts compared to that of persons with GSTM1(+) and GSTT1(+) (P = 0.049). The increase in BD–DNA adduct levels in all subjects was significantly related to BD exposure and GSTM1 genotype (linear multiple regression analysis, P = 0.001; P = 0.035). The results suggest that DNA adducts serve as a sensitive and specific biomarker, integrating exposure and host metabolic capacity, although the data are limited to a small number of subjects. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:226–230, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
L-selectin deficiency decreases aortic B1a and Breg subsets and promotes atherosclerosis

Summary There is a significant recruitment of leucocytes into aortas during atherogenesis. L-selectin regulates leucocyte migration into secondary lymphoid and peripheral tissues and was proposed to play a role in leucocyte homing into aortas. Here, we determine the role of L-selectin in atherosclerosis. L-selectin-deficient Apoe -/- (Sell -/- Apoe -/-) mice had a 74% increase in plaque burden compared to Apoe -/- mice fed a chow diet for 50 weeks. Elevated atherosclerosis was accompanied by increased aortic leucocyte content, but a 50% reduction in aortic B cells despite elevated B cell counts in the blood. Follicular B cells represented 65%, whereas B1a and regulatory B cells (Breg) comprised 5% of aortic B cells. B1a and Breg cell subsets were reduced in Sell -/- Apoe -/- aortas with accompanied two-fold decrease in aortic T15 antibody and 1.2-fold decrease of interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. L-selectin was required for B1 cell homing to the atherosclerotic aorta, as demonstrated by a 1.5-fold decrease in the migration of Sell -/- Apoe -/- vs Apoe -/- cells. Notably, we found a 1.6-fold increase in CD68hi macrophages in Sell -/- Apoe -/- compared to Apoe -/- aortas, despite comparable blood monocyte numbers and L-selectin-dependent aortic homing. L-selectin had no effect on neutrophil migration into aorta, but led to elevated blood neutrophil numbers, suggesting a potential involvement of neutrophils in atherogenesis of Sell -/- Apoe -/- mice. Thus, L-selectin deficiency increases peripheral blood neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers, decreases aortic B1a and Breg populations, T15 antibody and IL-10 levels, and increases aortic macrophage content of Sell -/- Apoe -/- mice. Altogether, these data provide evidence for an overall atheroprotective role of L-selectin.
Computing Parallel-Jaw Grip Points

0 ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a model for grasping with an industrial parallel-jaw gripper. Two points on the part are candidate ‘grip points’ if they are accessible and are resistant to frictional slip and torque. We formalize these conditions geometrically on a polygonal slice through the part's center of mass. We describe an efficient algorithm for computing and ranking all grip points for an n-sided polygonal slice. The algorithm is part of a design and simulation system that can rapidly provide feedback to designers; thus it must run quickly and reliably. We have implemented the algorithm in a Java applet with a graphical user interface that allows Internet users to define a part; the applet then computes, ranks, and displays the set of computed grip points. To try the applet, please visit:
Uptake and Elimination of Local Anesthetics during Spinal Anesthesia

The pharmacokinetics of spinal anesthesia involves three phenomena: distribution of local anesthetics within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); uptake of local anesthetics into tissues within the subarachnoid space; and elimination of local anesthetics from the subarachnoid space. The present review considers only uptake and elimination. The object is provision of neither an encyclopedic review nor an annotated bibliography, but rather, selective analysis of published materials for the development of principles and concepts important in clinical anesthesia.
Cache-oblivious dynamic dictionaries with update/query tradeoffs

Several existing cache-oblivious dynamic dictionaries achieve <i>O</i>(log<sub><i>B</i></sub> <i>N</i>) (or slightly better <i>O</i>(log<sub><i>B</i></sub> <i>N/M</i>)) memory transfers per operation, where <i>N</i> is the number of items stored, <i>M</i> is the memory size, and <i>B</i> is the block size, which matches the classic B-tree data structure. One recent structure achieves the same query bound and a sometimes-better amortized update bound of <i>O</i>(1/<i>B</i><sup>Θ(1/log log <i>B</i>)2)</sup> log<sub><i>B</i></sub> <i>N</i> + 1/<i>B</i> log<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>) memory trans-fers. This paper presents a new data structure, the <i>xDict</i>, implementing predecessor queries in <i>O</i>(1/ε log <sub><i>B</i></sub> <i>N/M</i>) worst-case memory transfers and insertions and deletions in <i>O</i>(1/ε<i>B</i><sup>1-ε</sup> log<sub><i>B</i></sub> <i>N</i>/<i>M</i>) amortized memory transfers, for any constant ε with 0 < ε < 1. For example, the xDict achieves subconstant amortized update cost when <i>N</i> = <i>M</i> <i>B<sup>o</sup></i>(<i>B</i><sup>1-ε</sup>), whereas the B-tree's Θ(log<sub><i>B</i></sub> <i>N</i>/<i>M</i>) is subconstant only when <i>N</i> = <i>o</i>(<i>MB</i>), and the previously obtained Θ(1/<i>B</i><sup>Θ(1/(log log <i>B</i>)2)</sup> log<sub><i>B</i></sub> <i>N</i> + 1/<i>B</i> log<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>) is subconstant only when <i>N</i> = <i>o</i>(2<sup>√<i>B</i></sup>). The xDict attains the optimal tradeoff between insertions and queries, even in the broader external-memory model, for the range where inserts cost between Ω(1/<i>B</i> lg<sup>1+ε</sup> <i>N</i>) and <i>O</i>(1/lg<sup>3</sup> <i>N</i>) memory transfers.
Le FIA: un nouvel automate permettant l'extraction efficace d'itemsets fréquents dans les flots de données

Nous presentons dans cet article un nouvel automate : le FIA qui permet de traiter de facon efficace la problematique de l'extraction des itemsets frequents dans les data streams. Le FIA est une structure de donnees tres compacte et informative qui, par ailleurs, presente des proprietes incrementales facilitant grandement la mise a jour avec une granularite tres fine. L'algorithme developpe pour la mise a jour du FIA effectue un unique passage sur les donnees qui sont prises en compte par batch, itemset par itemset et pour chaque itemset, item par item. Utilise dans le cadre d'une approche predictive, le FIA permet d'indexer les itemsets veritablement frequents du stream en maximisant soit le rappel soit la precision.
Measles Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated Population, San Diego, 2008: Role of the Intentionally Undervaccinated

OBJECTIVE: In January 2008, an intentionally unvaccinated 7-year-old boy who was unknowingly infected with measles returned from Switzerland, resulting in the largest outbreak in San Diego, California, since 1991. We investigated the outbreak with the objective of understanding the effect of intentional undervaccination on measles transmission and its potential threat to measles elimination. METHODS: We mapped vaccination-refusal rates according to school and school district, analyzed measles-transmission patterns, used discussion groups and network surveys to examine beliefs of parents who decline vaccination, and evaluated containment costs. RESULTS: The importation resulted in 839 exposed persons, 11 additional cases (all in unvaccinated children), and the hospitalization of an infant too young to be vaccinated. Two-dose vaccination coverage of 95%, absence of vaccine failure, and a vigorous outbreak response halted spread beyond the third generation, at a net public-sector cost of $10 376 per case. Although 75% of the cases were of persons who were intentionally unvaccinated, 48 children too young to be vaccinated were quarantined, at an average family cost of $775 per child. Substantial rates of intentional undervaccination occurred in public charter and private schools, as well as public schools in upper-socioeconomic areas. Vaccine refusal clustered geographically and the overall rate seemed to be rising. In discussion groups and survey responses, the majority of parents who declined vaccination for their children were concerned with vaccine adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high community vaccination coverage, measles outbreaks can occur among clusters of intentionally undervaccinated children, at major cost to public health agencies, medical systems, and families. Rising rates of intentional undervaccination can undermine measles elimination.
Transinguinal preperitoneal technique of inguinal hernioplasty - a better alternative to lichtenstein procedure.

INTRODUCTION The Lichtenstein technique is currently one of the popular methods in practice as it provides very good results consistently. However many patients suffer from wound indurations' and chronic wound pain which are often underreported. The transinguinal preperitoneal technique (TPT) avoids these complications by placing the mesh in preperitoneal plane by open approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 71 patients were randomized into two groups one, of which one underwent the Lichtenstein repair and the other preperitoneal repair by TPT. All the patients were followed up for two years. RESULTS Patients in TPT group had less pain in immediate post-operative period (p - .005), less wound induration and chronic pain on follow-up. Patients were also able to return to work early (p =0.036) . Average duration of operation was slightly longer compared to Lichtenstein technique (p < .0061) . There was no recurrence in either group on 2 year follow-up. CONCLUSION This study shows that TPT provides a better alternative to Lichtenstein technique with decreased incidence of wound complications and chronic groin pain, while having a similar recurrence rate. Preperitoneal mesh placement by open approach in TPT is also easier and eliminates the need for laparoscopy.
Commercial Face Recognition Doesn't Work

Face recognition plays an increasingly important role in our security and surveillance infrastructure, despite substantial evidence that neither human observers nor automatic systems can reliably match unfamiliar faces in real-world settings. In the present article, we contrast real-world performance with performance in benchmark tests. We then consider human limits in unfamiliar face matching, and offer two discussion points: First, that face photographs may not contain enough information to establish a reliable match in practical settings. Second, that we should abandon photographic snapshots as a means of identifying unfamiliar people. We end by outlining some broad alternatives to relying on face photographs.
Vaccine efficacies of elastase, exotoxin A, and outer-membrane protein F in preventing chronic pulmonary infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rat model.

The protective efficacies of eight vaccine preparations consisting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer-membrane protein F, elastase and exotoxin A toxoid, administered either individually or in various combinations, were determined in a rat model of chronic pulmonary infection. Rats were immunised intramuscularly at 2-week intervals (days 0, 14 and 28). On day 42, blood was collected and antisera were obtained from each vaccine group for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which determined the titre of IgG antibodies elicited by each vaccine. Also on day 42, rats were challenged by intratracheal inoculation of a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa encased within agar beads. On day 49, the animals were killed and the lungs were examined macroscopically for the presence of lesions and fixed for histological examination. When compared with control rats immunised with bovine serum albumin, rats immunised with protein F alone as a vaccine received significant protection against the development of severe pulmonary lesions. Elastase used alone as a vaccine provided some protection against severe lung lesions and reduced the incidence of microscopic peribronchial inflammation. However, the combination of protein F plus elastase as a vaccine did not afford protection from severe lesions, and there was an increased incidence of necrotising granulomas in the lungs from this vaccine group. Protection against lung lesions from the three-component vaccine consisting of protein F, elastase and exotoxin A toxoid was similar to that provided by the protein F vaccine. Neither macroscopic nor histological evidence showed any enhancement of protective efficacy for the three-component vaccine over that of the protein F vaccine. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Professional accounting media: accountants handing over control to the system

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between management accounting software and the management accountant, as (re)produced in adverts appearing in professional management accounting journals. The paper analyses how such adverts have shaped the management accountant and the social practice of management accounting; in particular, whether these adverts are producing an image of management accountants who are in control of their management accounting system or who are controlled by it. The paper also discusses whether these adverts reflect changes in broader social practices. Design/methodology/approach - The paper analyses two software adverts that were published in Chartered Institute of Management Accountants' professional journal. It uses discourse analysis to understand both the image of management accountants and the nature of the management accounting software portrayed in these adverts, as well as to explore the relationship between management accountants and their control systems. Findings - It is concluded that the software adverts project an image of management accountants who are effectively handing over control to their systems, and who are encouraged to place substantial trust in the software. The paper relates these changes to trends in contemporary social practices, and reflects in the light of recent events in the financial markets and global economy more generally. Originality/value - This paper contributes by adding more insight to the diffusion of the images of the accountant as a more action oriented and hedonistic person (while the software system “does the work”), as well as considering the broader implications of such diffusion in the context of the recent financial crisis.