Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cortical Connections of Area V6Av in the Macaque: A Visual-Input Node to the Eye/Hand Coordination System

The goal of the present study was to elucidate the corticocortical afferent connections of area V6Av, the ventral subregion of area V6A, using retrograde neuronal tracers combined with physiological and cytoarchitectonic analyses in the macaque monkey. The results revealed that V6Av receives many of its afferents from extrastriate area V6, and from regions of areas V2, V3, and V4 subserving peripheral vision. Additional extrastriate visual projections originate in dorsal stream areas MT and MST. Area V6Av does not receive projections directly from V1; such connections were only observed when the injection sites crossed into area V6. The strongest parietal lobe afferents originate in fields V6Ad, PGm, MIP (medial intraparaietal), and PG, with frontal lobe afferents originating from the frontal eye field, caudal area 46, and the rostral subdivision of the dorsal premotor area (F7). A comparison of their respective connections supports the view that V6Av is functionally distinct from adjacent areas (V6 and V6Ad). The strong afferents from V6 and other extrastriate areas are consistent with physiological data that suggest that V6Av is primarily a visual area, supporting the notion that V6Av is part of a dorsomedial cortical network performing fast form and motion analyses needed for the visual guidance of action.
Concerning the detection of X-ray interferences

If other Nobel Prize winners express their thanks for this high honour at this juncture by recounting the history of their discovery they are able to report how, at the outset, they envisaged a high, but nevertheless attainable, objective and how they strove toward that objective by many paths, most of which proved initially to be false and how then, after many years of protracted endeavour, they finally achieved their objective. In my eyes the credit to which they are entitled increases in direct proportion to the magnitude of the difficulties which they finally surmounted. By comparison, what I have to say here differs somewhat from those examples. There is no doubt that I, also, had long been aware of the problem, i.e. producing X-ray interferences, before the inherent difficulties had finally been surmounted. But I never believed that it would be my personal good fortune to make a contribution in that direction, and it was for that reason that I did not concern myself unduly in that respect until suddenly I perceived the way which subsequently proved to be the shortest path to success. I am not, therefore, able to recount many details in connection with my personal preparatory work, so I shall confine my comments to explaining the combination of scientific and personal circumstances from which the idea first arose.
Une approche comparative de la RSE par le statut juridique. Le cas des banques coopératives et des actions solidaires en France

Cet article vise a s’interroger sur la maniere dont les banques apprehendent la RSE selon leur statut juridique. Le concept de RSE est-il une opportunite pour les banques francaises du secteur mutualiste ? Les banques ont-elles tendance a se copier et a banaliser le concept ? Dans une premiere partie, les auteurs s’attachent a rappeler l’histoire du mutualisme et son evolution et a examiner le paradoxe auquel les etablissements sous statut mutualiste se trouvent confrontes aujourd’hui. La tension entre performance economique et solidarite est mise en avant. Que reste-t-il alors de la philosophie mutualiste originelle ? La RSE estelle vraiment une source d’avantage competitif pour les banques a vocation solidaire ? Dans une deuxieme partie, les auteurs examinent les pratiques responsables des banques francaises. La logique societale peut-elle l’emporter face a la logique economique dominante ? Ont-elles un comportement mimetique ou essayent-elles de se differencier en matiere de RSE? Dans une derniere partie, l’avenir des banques cooperatives est envisage, a la lumiere des defis poses par la RSE. Toutes les banques vont-elles s’inscrire dans les actions solidaires ou ces preoccupations appartiendrontelles aux seuls acteurs « vocationnels » ? Peut-on faire de la solidarite un facteur de differentiation ?
A LOCAL TOPOLOGY RECONFIGURATION MECHANISM TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a self organizing wireless network system consists of number of energy limited sensor nodes. Since sensor nodes are battery powered devices, they have limited processing and transmission power and with limited communication ability. In order to transmit sensing data to receiver effectively, it is necessary to design an energy efficient routing protocol for WSNs. The nodes with greater signal strength will have more communication link and result in faster energy consumption as a whole network cannot always work under the same topology structure. A topology reconnecting mechanism of the cluster head rotation algorithm is needed. This paper presents an Enhanced Forward Aware Factor -Energy Balanced Routing Method (EFAF-EBRM) based on the selection of appropriate cluster head to improve the energy efficiency . In this technique the sensor node may prefer to select cluster head that makes the total energy consumption least.This proposed cluster formation strategy decreases the communication overhead and increses the packet delivery ratio.More over this technique over come the problem in the existing rouitng method FAF-EBRM when local topology reconfiguration is needed. In this method an optimal solution for cluster head selection is proposed . The sensor nodes in the proposed algorithm pick out their appropriate cluster heads rather than the nearest for the sake of energy efficiency The newly proposed cluster formation strategy reduces the delay even for the long distance link. Simulations results also prove that the proposed cluster formation strategy is better performance compared with FAF-EBRM and LEACH in terms of Energy balanced factor, Network lifetime, communication over head and delay.
On the role of resonances in nonradial pulsators

Resonancesornearresonancesareubiquitousamong the excited nonradial pulsation modes of variable stars and they must play an important role in determining their pulsational behavior. Here in a rst step at nonlinear asteroseismology we explore some of the consequences of resonances by means of the amplitude equation formalism. Weshowhowparityandangularmomentumconstraintscan be used to eliminate many of the possible nonlinear resonant couplings between modes (and multiplets of modes), and how the amplitude equations can thus be simplied. Even when we may not be able, nor wish, to make an ab initio computation of thevaluesofthecouplingcoefcients,itisstillpossibletoobtain constraints on the nature of the excited modes if a resonance between observed frequencies can be identied. Resonances can cause nonlinear frequency locking of modes. This means that the observed frequencies appear in ex- act resonance even though the linear frequencies are only ap- proximately in resonance. The nonlinear frequency lock, when it occurs, it does so over a range of departures from linear reso- nance, and it is accompanied by constant pulsation amplitudes. The locked, nonlinear frequencies can differ noticeably from their nonresonant counterparts which are usually used in seis- mology. This is particularly true for multiplets of modes split by rotation. Beyond the regime of the frequency lock, ampli- tude and frequency modulationscanappearinthepulsations. Far from the resonance condition one recovers the regime of steady pulsations with nonresonant frequencies for which the seismologicalstudies,astheyarepresentlycarriedout,arejusti- ed (provided furthermore, of course, that nonlinear frequency shifts are negligible). Success in identifying a resonance in an observed power spectrum depends on the quality of the data. While keeping this limitation in mind, we discuss the possible existence of peculiar resonances in the pulsations of specic variable white dwarfs and Scuti stars.
PGC-1alpha regulates the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system in vascular endothelial cells.

OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial production of oxidants contributes to a variety of pathological conditions including the vascular complications of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cellular senescence. We postulated that a transcriptional coactivator, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha), a major regulator of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, could be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system in vascular endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that PGC-1alpha is present in human, bovine, and mouse endothelial cells and positively modulates the expression of the mitochondrial detoxification system. Endothelial cells that overexpress PGC-1alpha show reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced apoptotic cell death both in basal and oxidative stress conditions. Downregulation of PGC-1alpha levels by siRNA reduces the expression of mitochondrial detoxification proteins. CONCLUSIONS These results unveil a novel regulatory pathway that links mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial oxidative stress protective systems. In addition, they suggest that PGC-1alpha could play a crucial protective role in vascular complications of diabetes, where the mitochondrial metabolism of glucose has been shown to result in oxidative stress and vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.
Magnetic Fields Produced by Underground Residential Distribution System

Increasingly dense residential housing developments have spurred new concerns about electromagnetic fields. The magnetic fields generated by the underground distribution system in such a residential subdivision are assessed in this study. In particular, the magnetic flux densities above the underground cables, around the padmount transformers and junction boxes, and at the service entrance panels are measured. The largest magnetic fields of 95 mG and 148 mG are recorded on the surfaces of the transformer enclosures and junction boxes, respectively, at around 30% to 40% of full load. The magnetic fields reduce to less than 3 mG at a distance of ~1 m from the distribution system infrastructure. Software is developed to estimate the peak magnetic field generated at full load conditions by the underground cables composed of twisted conductors.
Subfertility guidelines in Europe: the quantity and quality of intrauterine insemination guidelines.

BACKGROUND International collaboration could facilitate systematic development of guidelines to regulate and improve clinical practice. To promote European collaboration in guideline development in reproductive medicine, insight into existing subfertility guidelines in Europe is essential. The study aim was to explore the number and quality of clinical practice guidelines on homologous intrauterine insemination (IUI) in Europe. METHODS To identify IUI guidelines in Europe, electronic databases and Internet were systematically searched and key experts on assisted reproduction in 25 European countries were questioned. The quality of IUI guidelines was systematically assessed with the internationally validated Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument. Qualitative methods were used to appraise IUI guideline recommendations and references. RESULTS National guidelines on IUI are available in four of 25 European countries. The quality of IUI guidelines in Europe is moderate to high, but the recommendations and references differ considerably. CONCLUSIONS The number of IUI guidelines in Europe is surprisingly small, and differences in their recommendations and references are considerable. To overcome these deficiencies in clinical guidance on IUI care in Europe, a central body with expertise in up-to-date guideline development methodology and sufficient resources could be established in Europe for central selection and international exchange of evidence to support guideline recommendations.
Dynamic complexity scaling for real-time H.264/AVC video encoding

The H.264 video encoding standard can achieve high coding efficiency at the expense of high computational complexity. Typically, real-time software implementation requires omission of most optional encoding tools leading to significantly reduced coding efficiency. This paper proposes a novel method for real-time H.264 encoding based on dynamic control of the encoding parameters to meet real-time constraints while minimizing coding efficiency loss. Experimental results show that the method provides up to 19% lower bit rate than conventional real-time encoding using fixed parameters with the same visual quality. The method allows real-time 30fps QCIF encoding on a Pentium IV with similar coding efficiency to full search baseline profile encoding.
A behavior-based mobile malware detection model in software-defined networking

In recent years, the number of mobile devices is increasing rapidly. Meanwhile, the amount of malicious software is rising almost exponentially, alongside the diversity and complexity of malware. The flexibility of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides an opportunity to develop a malware detection model in more efficient and flexible manner. In this paper, we propose a network behavior-based malware detection system for mobile devices in SDN which is composed of three algorithms including IP Blacklist, Connection Success Ratio, Connection Rate algorithms. The experiment demonstrates that the proposed system is feasible and effective.
Teaching and learning communication skills in social work education

The better the education and training of social workers, the better the outcomes for users and carers. The Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) is supporting the new degree in social work by providing a series of reviews on the best ways of educating and training social workers. Teaching and learning of communication skills is a core social work skill, and this review assists social work educators and students by examining the different approaches to this critical aspect of social work education. Other reviews in this series will focus on the teaching and learning of assessment, of law in social work, of partnership working, of interprofessional working and of human growth and behaviour.
Continuous Time Bayesian Network Approximate Inference and Social Network Applications

Many real world systems evolve asynchronously in continuous time, for examplecomputer networks, sensor networks, mobile robots, and cellular metabolisms.Continuous time Bayesian Networks (CTBNs) model such stochastic systems incontinuous time using graphs to represent conditional independencies amongdiscrete-valued processes. Exact inference in a CTBN is often intractable as thestate space of the dynamic system grows exponentially with the number ofvariables.In this dissertation, we first focus on approximate inference in CTBNs. Wepresent an approximate inference algorithm based on importance sampling. Unlikeother approximate inference algorithms for CTBNs, our importance samplingalgorithm does not depend on complex computations, since our sampling procedureonly requires sampling from regular exponential distributions which can be donein constant time. We then extend it to continuous-time particle filtering andsmoothing algorithms. We also develop a Metropolis-Hasting algorithm for CTBNsusing importance sampling. These algorithms can estimate the expectation of anyfunction of a trajectory, conditioned on any evidence set containing the valuesof subsets of the variables over subsets of the time line.We then apply our approximate inference algorithms to learning social networkdynamics. Existing sociology models for social network dynamics require directobservation of the social networks. Furthermore, existing parameter estimationtechnique for these models uses forward sampling without considering the givenobservations, which affects the estimation accuracy. In this dissertation, wedemonstrate that these models can be viewed as CTBNs. Our sampling-basedapproximate inference method for CTBNs can be used as the basis of anexpectation-maximization procedure that achieves better accuracy in estimatingthe parameters of the model than the standard learning algorithm from thesociology literature. We extend the existing social network models to allow forindirect and asynchronous observations of the links. A Markov chain Monte Carlosampling algorithm for this new model permits estimation and inference.Experiments on both synthetic data and real social network data show that ourapproach achieves higher estimation accuracy, and can be applied to varioustypes of social data.
Protector mechanisms of the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma: experimental study in rats.

BACKGROUND It is well known the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma. The hyperreactivity of the airways is a characteristic of an asthmatic. Many studies associate the increase of the airways reactivity with gastroesophageal reflux disease. AIM In this study we have evaluated the effect of the intraluminal exposition to gastric juice of trachea on the reactivity to methacholine from rats submitted to a pulmonary allergic inflammation. METHODS Group of rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. After 24 hours the animals were sacrificed, and their tracheae were removed to be cultured with gastric juice. The gastric juice was obtained from a donor rat. Subsequently the segments were placed into plastic plates with RPMI-1640 for incubation, under suitable atmosphere and time. After the period of incubation the segments were put into chambers for the analysis of the contractile response to methacholine. RESULTS We observed reduction in the contractile response of trachea cultured with gastric juice from allergic rats. This result was confirmed by the pharmacological treatments with compound 48/80 and dissodium cromoglicate (mast cells blockade), L-NAME (nitric oxide inhibitor, NO), capsaicin (neuropeptides depletion) and indomethacin (ciclooxigenase inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight to the existence of a complex interaction between pulmonary allergy and gastric juice in the airways. The involvement of the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic system, NO, prostanoids and mast cells are directly related to this interaction. We suggest that the reduced contractile response observed in vitro may represent a protector mechanism of the airways. Despite its presence in the human body it can not be observed due to the predominant effects of excitatory the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic system.
Sample (x) = (a*x<=t) is a Distinguisher with Probability 1/8

A random sampling function <i>Sample</i>: <i>U</i> → {0, 1} for a key universe <i>U</i> is a <i>distinguisher with probability</i>. If for any given assignment of values <i>v</i> (<i>x</i>) to the keys <i>x</i> ∈ <i>U</i>, including at least one non-zero <i>v</i> (<i>x</i>) ≠ 0, the sampled sum Σ{<i>v</i>(<i>x</i>) | <i>x</i> ∈ <i>U</i> ∧ <i>Sample</i>(<i>x</i>) = 1} is non-zero with probability at least α. Here the key values may come from any commutative monoid (addition is commutative and associative and zero is neutral). Such distinguishers were introduced by Vazirani [PhD thesis 1986], and Naor and Naor used them for their small bias probability spaces [STOC'90]. Constant probability distinguishers are used for testing in contexts where the key values are not computed directly, yet where the sum is easily computed. A simple example is when we get a stream of key value pairs (<i>x</i><sub>1</sub>, <i>v</i><sub>1</sub>), (<i>x</i><sub>2</sub>, <i>v</i><sub>2</sub>), . , (<i>x</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>, <i>v</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>) where the same key may appear many times. The accumulated value of key <i>x</i> is <i>v</i>(<i>x</i>) = Σ{<i>v</i><sub>1</sub> | <i>x</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> = <i>x</i>}. For space reasons, we may not be able to maintain <i>x</i>(<i>x</i>) for every key <i>x</i>, but the sampled sum is easily maintained as the single value Σ{<i>v</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> | <i>Sample</i>(<i>x</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>) = 1}. Here we show that when dealing with <i>w</i>-bit integers, if <i>a</i> is a uniform odd <i>w</i>-bit integer and <i>t</i> is a uniform <i>w</i>-bit integer, then <i>Sample</i>(<i>x</i>) = [<i>ax</i> mod 2<sup><i>w</i></sup> ≤ <i>t</i>] is a distinguisher with probability 1/8. Working with standard units, that is <i>w</i> = 8,16,32,64, we exploit that <i>w</i>-bit multiplication works modulo 2<sup><i>w</i></sup>, discarding overflow automatically, and then the sampling decision is implemented by the C-code a*x<;=t. Previous such samplers were much less computer-friendly, e.g. The distinguisher of Naor and Naor [STOC'90] was more complicated and involved a 7-independent hash function.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR INDIVIDU DAN BEBAN KERJA FISIK DENGAN STRES KERJA DI BAGIAN PRODUKSI PT. X SURABAYA

ABSTRACT Job stress is condition which some factors have interaction with the workers, giving affects to physiological/psychological responses. It’s better to identify job stress to decrease the risks related to workplace accidents. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between individual factors and internal work environment’s factor with job stress on the workers in Production Department PT. X Surabaya. The results could be used for control and improve about safety and health. This was an observational study with cross sectional approach. Samples size 33 people were taken by simple random sampling in all divisions at PT. X Surabaya. The correlation between the dependent and independent variables were analyzed by Spearman correlation test and Contingency Coefficient (α < 0.05). There were 5 independent variables which had a significant association with job stress, namely age (sig = 0.012), working period (sig = 0.049), education level (sig = 0.025), and physical workload (sig = 0.047). But, personality type didn’t have relationship with job stress (sig = 1.090). Based on the results, it can be concluded that older of age, longer of the working period, higher of the education’s level and heavier of physical workload will be has tendency to get job stress. To resolve the issues are by hold regular sharing to reduce the lack of good relationships between colleagues, create more comfortable work environment, conduct routine safety talk, hold job rotation/career development and measures physical workload with better tool to determine ideal break for any job. Keywords job stress, individual factors, physical workload
Charged magnetic domain lines and the magnetism of high-Tc oxides.

The breakdown of the antiferromagnetism in the high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} oxides is studied taking into account the 3{ital d} charge fluctuations. We point out a tendency towards the formation of charged magnetic domain lines if holes are introduced in such a state, which can be viewed as a generalization of soliton of the Su, Schrieffer, and Heeger to two dimensions. In the ground state these domain lines line up, explaining the incommensurate spin phase observed in the high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}}'s superconductors.