Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CRISPR-Cas9 Technology for the Creation of Biological Avatars Capable of Modeling and Treating Pathologies: From Discovery to the Latest Improvements

This is a spectacular moment for genetics to evolve in genome editing, which encompasses the precise alteration of the cellular DNA sequences within various species. One of the most fascinating genome-editing technologies currently available is Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9), which have integrated deeply into the research field within a short period due to its effectiveness. It became a standard tool utilized in a broad spectrum of biological and therapeutic applications. Furthermore, reliable disease models are required to improve the quality of healthcare. CRISPR-Cas9 has the potential to diversify our knowledge in genetics by generating cellular models, which can mimic various human diseases to better understand the disease consequences and develop new treatments. Precision in genome editing offered by CRISPR-Cas9 is now paving the way for gene therapy to expand in clinical trials to treat several genetic diseases in a wide range of species. This review article will discuss genome-editing tools: CRISPR-Cas9, Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs). It will also encompass the importance of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in generating cellular disease models for novel therapeutics, its applications in gene therapy, and challenges with novel strategies to enhance its specificity.
Dynamical friction in a magnetized gas

When a gravitating point mass moves subsonically through a magnetized and isothermal medium, the dynamical structure of the flow can be studied far from the mass using a perturbation analysis. Here, we present analytical solutions for the first-order density and the velocity perturbations. The validity of our solutions is restricted to the cases where the Alfven velocity in the ambient medium is less than the accretor’s velocity. The density field is less dense because of the magnetic effects, according to the solutions, and the dynamical friction force becomes lower as the strength of the magnetic field increases.
Impact of Corporate Culture on the Commitment to the Organization of Employees Working in Enterprises in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

In the context of increasingly clear competition between businesses today, building and promoting the positive effects of corporate culture to develop human resources as well as keep well-qualified employees is considered one of the priorities businesses should conduct. Research in businesses in the Mekong Delta provides evidence that several aspects of corporate culture have positive impacts on employee commitment to the organization. It means that these factors are predictive and can improve engagement.
Impact of higher-order modes on the detection of binary black hole coalescences

The inspiral and merger of black-hole binary systems are a promising source of gravitational waves. The most effective method to look for a signal with a well understood waveform, such as the binary black hole signal, is matched filtering against a library of model waveforms. Current model waveforms are comprised solely of the dominant radiation mode, the quadrupole mode, although it is known that there can be significant power in the higher-order modes. The binary black hole waveforms produced by numerical relativity are accurate through late inspiral, merger, and ringdown and include the higher-order modes. The available numerical-relativity waveforms span an increasing portion of the physical parameter space of unequal mass, spin and precession. In this paper, we investigate the degree to which gravitational-wave searches could be improved by the inclusion of higher modes in the model waveforms, for signals with a variety of initial mass ratios and generic spins. Our investigation studies how well the quadrupole-only waveform model matches the signal as a function of the inclination and orientation of the source and how the modes contribute to the distance reach into the Universe of Advanced LIGO for a fixed set of internal source parameters. The mismatch between signals and quadrupole-only waveform can be large, dropping below 0.97 for up to 65% of the source-sky for the non-precessing cases we studied, and over a larger area in one precessing case. There is a corresponding 30% increase in detection volume that could be achieved by adding higher modes to the search; however, this is mitigated by the fact that the mismatch is largest for signals which radiate the least energy and to which the search is therefore least sensitive. Likewise, the mismatch is largest in directions from the source along which the least energy is radiated.
Foundations of Attention Mechanisms in Deep Neural Network Architectures

We consider the foundations of attention mechanisms in deep neural network archi-1 tectures and present three main results. First, we provide a systematic taxonomy of 2 all possible attention mechanisms within, or as extensions of, the McCulloch and 3 Pitt standard model into 18 classes depending on the origin type of the attention 4 signal, the target type of the attention signal, and whether the interaction type is 5 additive or multiplicative. Second, using this taxonomy, we identify three key atten-6 tion mechanisms: output gating, synaptic gating, and multiplexing. Output gating 7 and synaptic gating are extensions of the standard model and all current attention-8 based architectures, including transformers, use either output gating or synaptic 9 gating, or a combination of both. Third, we develop a theory of attention capacity 10 and derive mathematical results about the capacity of basic attention networks. 11 For example, the output gating of a linear threshold gate of n variables by another 12 linear threshold gate of the same n variables has capacity 2 n 2 (1 + o (1)) . Perhaps 13 surprisingly, multiplexing attention is used in the proofs of these results. Synaptic 14 and output gating provide computationally efﬁcient extensions of the standard 15 model allowing for sparse quadratic activation functions. They can also be viewed 16 as primitives enabling the concise collapsing of multiple layers of processing in 17 the standard model. 18
THE DISRUPTION AND FUELING OF M33

The disruption of the M33 galaxy is evident from its extended gaseous structure. We present new data from the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array H i (GALFA-H i) Survey that show the full extent and detailed spatial and kinematic structure of M33's neutral hydrogen. Over 18% of the H i mass of M33 ( M☉) is found beyond the star-forming disk as traced in the far-ultraviolet (FUV). The most distinct features are extended warps, an arc from the northern warp to the disk, diffuse gas surrounding the galaxy, and a southern cloud with a filament back to the galaxy. The features extend out to 22 kpc from the galaxy center (18 kpc from the edge of the FUV disk), and the gas is directly connected to M33's disk. Only five discrete clouds (i.e., gas not directly connected to M33 in position–velocity space) are cataloged in the vicinity of M33, and these clouds show similar properties to Galactic and M31 halo clouds. M33's gaseous features most likely originate from the tidal disruption of M33 by M31 1–3 Gyr ago as shown by an orbit analysis which results in a tidal radius <15 kpc in the majority of M33's possible orbits. M33 is now beyond the disruptive gravitational influence of M31, and the gas appears to be returning to M33's disk and redistributing its star formation fuel. M33's high mean velocity dispersion in the disk (∼18.5 km s−1) may also be consistent with the previous interaction and high rate of star formation. M33 will either exhaust its star formation fuel in the next few Gyrs or eventually become star formation fuel for M31. The latter represents the accretion of a large gaseous satellite by a spiral galaxy, similar to the Magellanic Clouds' relationship to the Galaxy.
Still No Crystal Ball: Toward an Application for Broad Evaluation of Student Understanding

Still No Crystal Ball: Toward an Application for Broad Evaluation of Student Understanding Piper Armstrong Department of Computer Science, BYU Master of Science Evaluation of student understanding of learning material is critical to effective teaching. Current computer-aided evaluation tools exist, such as Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT); however, they require expert knowledge to implement and update. We propose a novel task, to create an evaluation tool that can predict student performance (knowledge) based on general performance on test questions without expert curation of the questions or expert understanding of the evaluation tool. We implement two methods for creating such a tool, find both methods lacking, and urge further investigation.
Supplementary Materials to “Efficient and Degradation-Adaptive Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution”

where the regression loss Lregression has been provided in Eq. (1) of the main paper. For the other three losses, the settings are the same as in Real-ESRGAN. Specifically, the pixel loss is defined as the l1 distance Lpixel = ∥ŷ − y∥1, where ŷ and y denote the super-resolved image and the ground-truth HR image, respectively. For the perceptual loss Lperceptual, we first extract the {conv1, conv2, conv3, conv4, conv5} feature maps of ŷ and y by using the pre-trained VGG19 network [1], then calculate the weighted sum of the respective l1 distances between the feature maps of ŷ and y as the perceptual loss, where the weights are set to be [0.1, 0.1, 1, 1, 1]. For the adversarial loss Ladversarial, the U-Net discriminator with spectral normalization is adopted.
Instanton Partons in 5-dim SU(N) Gauge Theory

The circle compactification of the 6-dim (2,0) superconformal theory of AN 1 type leads the 5-dim SU(N) maximally supersymmetric gauge theory. Instanton solitons embody Kaluza-Klein modes and are conjectured to be composed of partonic constituents. We realize such a parton of 1/N instanton topological charge at the intersection of mag- netic flux sheets. After a further compactification with nontrivial Wilson line expectation value, instantons or calorons have been shown to be split into fundamental monopoles of fractional instanton charge. In the symmetric phase with trivial Wilson line expectation value, BPS instanton partons emerge more concretely as nonabelian BPS monopoles of minimum charge allowed in Dirac quantization.
Sensor-Fusion Aided Simulation of Scenarios for Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) will be required to drive across a plethora of complex scenarios, many of which present unique challenges to the computational pipeline underlying the vehicle. The ability to develop and test future updates to the pipeline on such scenarios is critical in ensuring the safety of the pipeline. In order to incorporate production scenarios into the testing cycle, the vendors need to be able to reconstruct an accurate top-down representation of the environment around the vehicle using data collected from various sensors attached to the vehicle. In this work, we present a preliminary approach that utilizes camera images along with point clouds generated by a LiDAR instance in order to construct a top-down representation of the environment around the vehicle. Furthermore, we utilize a series of such representations to estimate the movement of other agents in the environment over time and reconstruct their trajectories in a simulated environment.
Multiplicity of positive solutions for a fractional Laplacian equations involving critical nonlinearity

In this paper we deal with the multiplicity of positive solutions to the fractional Laplacian equation \begin{equation*} (-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}} u=\lambda f(x)|u|^{q-2}u+|u|^{2^{*}_{\alpha}-2}u, \quad\text{in}\,\,\Omega, u=0,\text{on}\,\,\partial\Omega, \end{equation*} where $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^{N}(N\geq 2)$ is a bounded domain with smooth boundary, $0 0$ such that the problem has at least two positive solutions for each $\lambda\in (0\,,\,\lambda_{*})$. In addition, the concentration behavior of the solutions are investigated.
Sharp Isoperimetric Inequalities for Small Volumes in Complete Noncompact Riemannian Manifolds of Bounded Geometry Involving the Scalar Curvature

We provide an isoperimetric comparison theorem for small volumes in an $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold $(M^n,g)$ with $C^3$ bounded geometry in a suitable sense involving the scalar curvature function. Under $C^3$ bounds of the geometry, if the supremum of scalar curvature function $S_g<n(n-1)k_0$ for some $k_0\in \mathbb{R}$, then for small volumes the isoperimetric profile of $(M^n,g)$ is less then or equal to the isoperimetric profile of the complete simply connected space form of constant sectional curvature $k_0$. This work generalizes Theorem $2$ of [12] in which the same result was proved in the case where $(M^n, g)$ is assumed to be compact. As a consequence of our result we give an asymptotic expansion in Puiseux series up to the 2nd nontrivial term of the isoperimetric profile function for small volumes, generalizing our earlier asymptotic expansion [29]. Finally, as a corollary of our isoperimetric comparison result, it is shown that for small volumes the Aubin–Cartan–Hadamard’s conjecture is true in any dimension $n$ in the special case of manifolds with $C^3$ bounded geometry, and $S_g<n(n-1)k_0$. Two different intrinsic proofs of the fact that an isoperimetric region of small volume is of small diameter. The 1st under the assumption of mild bounded geometry, that is, positive injectivity radius and Ricci curvature bounded below. The 2nd assuming the existence of an upper bound of the sectional curvature, positive injectivity radius, and a lower bound of the Ricci curvature.
PRIMUS: INFRARED AND X-RAY AGN SELECTION TECHNIQUES AT 0.2 < z < 1.2

We present a study of Spitzer/IRAC and X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) selection techniques in order to quantify the overlap, uniqueness, contamination, and completeness of each. We investigate how the overlap and possible contamination of the samples depend on the depth of both the IR and X-ray data. We use Spitzer/IRAC imaging, Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray imaging, and spectroscopic redshifts from the PRism MUlti-object Survey to construct galaxy and AGN samples at 0.2 < z < 1.2 over 8 deg2. We construct samples over a wide range of IRAC flux limits (SWIRE to GOODS depth) and X-ray flux limits (10 ks to 2 Ms). We compare IR-AGN samples defined using both the IRAC color selection of Stern et al. and Donley et al. with X-ray-detected AGN samples. For roughly similar depth IR and X-ray surveys, we find that ∼75% of IR-selected AGNs are also identified as X-ray AGNs. This fraction increases to ∼90% when comparing against the deepest X-ray data, indicating that at most ∼10% of IR-selected AGNs may be heavily obscured. The IR-AGN selection proposed by Stern et al. suffers from contamination by star-forming galaxies at various redshifts when using deeper IR data, though the selection technique works well for shallow IR data. While similar overall, the IR-AGN samples preferentially contain more luminous AGNs, while the X-ray AGN samples identify a wider range of AGN accretion rates including low specific accretion rate AGNs, where the host galaxy light dominates at IR wavelengths. The host galaxy populations of the IR and X-ray AGN samples have similar rest-frame colors and stellar masses; both selections identify AGNs in blue, star-forming and red, quiescent galaxies.
153 MHz GMRT follow-up of steep-spectrum diffuse emission in galaxy clusters

Aims. We present new high-sensitivity 153 MHz Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope follow-up observations of the di use steepspectrum cluster radio sources in the galaxy clusters Abell 521, Abell 697, and Abell 1682. Abell 521 hosts a relic, and together with Abell 697 it also hosts a giant very steep-spectrum radio halo. Abell 1682 is a more complex system with candidate steep spectrum di use emission. Methods. We imaged the di use radio emission in these clusters at 153 MHz, and provided flux density measurements of all sources at this frequency. Our new flux density measurements, coupled with the existing data at higher frequencies, allowed us to study the total spectrum of the halos and relic over at least one order of magnitude in frequency. Results. Our images confirm the very steep “di use component” in Abell 1682. We found that the spectrum of the relic in Abell 521 can be fitted by a single power-law with = 1:45 0:02 from 153 MHz to 5 GHz. Moreover, we confirm that the halos in Abell 521 and Abell 697 have a very steep spectrum , with = 1:8 1:9 and = 1:52 0:05, respectively. Even including of the 153 MHz flux density information, it is impossible to distinguish between power-law and curved spectra, as derived from homogeneous turbulent re-acceleration. The latter are favoured on the basis of simple energetic arguments, and we expect that LOFAR will finally unveil the spectral shape of radio halos below 100 MHz, thus providing clues on their origin.
Fixed Point Algorithm for Solving Nonmonotone Variational Inequalities in Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), which is the approximation of a data matrix as the product of two nonnegative matrices, is a key issue in machine learning and data analysis. One approach to NMF is to formulate the problem as a nonconvex optimization problem of minimizing the distance between a data matrix and the product of two nonnegative matrices with nonnegativity constraints and then solve the problem using an iterative algorithm. The algorithms commonly used are the multiplicative update algorithm and the alternating least-squares algorithm. Although both algorithms converge quickly, they may not converge to a stationary point to the problem that is equal to the solution to a nonmonotone variational inequality for the gradient of the distance function. This paper presents an iterative algorithm for solving the problem that is based on the Krasnosel'ski\u\i-Mann fixed point algorithm. Convergence analysis showed that, under certain assumptions, any accumulation point of the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm belongs to the solution set of the variational inequality. Application of the {\tt 'mult'} and {\tt'als'} algorithms in MATLAB and the proposed algorithm to various NMF problems showed that the proposed algorithm had fast convergence and was effective.
Theory of Josephson Photomultipliers: Optimal Working Conditions and Back Action

We describe the back action of microwave-photon detection via a Josephson photomultiplier (JPM), a superconducting qubit coupled strongly to a high-quality microwave cavity. The back action operator depends qualitatively on the duration of the measurement interval, resembling the regular photon annihilation operator at short interaction times and approaching a variant of the photon subtraction operator at long times. The optimal operating conditions of the JPM differ from those considered optimal for processing and storing of quantum information, in that a short $T_2$ of the JPM suppresses the cavity dephasing incurred during measurement. Understanding this back action opens the possibility to perform multiple JPM measurements on the same state, hence performing efficient state tomography.
Estimation of Caenorhabditis Elegans Lifespan Stages Using a Dual-Path Network Combining Biomarkers and Physiological Changes

Assessing individual aging has always been an important topic in aging research. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has a short lifespan and is a popular model organism widely utilized in aging research. Studying the differences in C. elegans life stages is of great significance for human health and aging. In order to study the differences in C. elegans lifespan stages, the classification of lifespan stages is the first task to be performed. In the past, biomarkers and physiological changes captured with imaging were commonly used to assess aging in isogenic C. elegans individuals. However, all of the current research has focused only on physiological changes or biomarkers for the assessment of aging, which affects the accuracy of assessment. In this paper, we combine two types of features for the assessment of lifespan stages to improve assessment accuracy. To fuse the two types of features, an improved high-efficiency network (Att-EfficientNet) is proposed. In the new EfficientNet, attention mechanisms are introduced so that accuracy can be further improved. In addition, in contrast to previous research, which divided the lifespan into three stages, we divide the lifespan into six stages. We compared the classification method with other CNN-based methods as well as other classic machine learning methods. The results indicate that the classification method has a higher accuracy rate (72%) than other CNN-based methods and some machine learning methods.
Study the Role of Eosinophilic Cationic Protein, Copper and Iron in Women Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis Parasite

Since Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) only manifests as a trophozoite stage during sex, it is typically transmitted during sex as a trophozoite. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of copper, iron, and Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in vaginitis patients. Between July and November 2021, 355 suspected patients who visited the AL-Zahra maternity and pediatrics laboratory in the AL-Najaf region (Iraq) and 30 healthy respondents of the same age participated in the study. According to the manufacturer's instructions, the ELISA technique was used to measure the levels of three biomarkers in serum (copper, iron, and ECP). On the other hand, the colorimetric approach was used to measure the copper concentration. The investigation showed that in the blood sample of T. vaginalis-infected patients, the amounts of copper and iron considerably decreased (P > 0.05). In contrast, the serum levels of ECP considerably increased (P > 0.05) when compared to the control group. As a result of the T. vaginalis infection, copper levels in the blood are dramatically impacted, according to the current study's findings. The current study results suggested that the T. vaginalis infection alters serum iron and ECP concentrations, significantly affecting copper levels
SN2014J gamma rays from the 56Ni decay chain

R. Diehl, et al., “SN2014J gamma rays from the 56Ni decay chain”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 574, January 2015. The version of record is available online at: https://www.aanda. org/articles/aa/abs/2015/02/aa24991-14/aa24991-14.html Reproduced with Permission from Astronomy and Astrophysics, © ESO 2015.
NARX neural prediction of oscillationalinstability at the IBR-2M reactor

During the start-up regime of the IBR-2M power fluctuations appear, which the Automatic Regulator system dampens. Their origin is not completely clear, however it is known that the major reactivity sources are from design – respectively the OPO and DPO reflectors: their axial fluctuations towards the active zone and their relative phase of intersecting each other facing the center of the active zone. A neuromorphic solution is sought to anticipate (5-10 s) such fluctuations. We present encouraging preliminary results obtained with a Non-linear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) neural network, the main features of the fluctuations being anticipatable.