Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FROST PENETRATION: RELATIONSHIP TO AIR TEMPERATURES AND OTHER FACTORS

A REVIEW IS PRESENTED OF SOME OF THE BASIC CONSIDERATIONS OF FROST PENETRATION WITH REFERENCE TO ARTICLES EXPLAINING METHODS OF FROST DEPTH CALCULATIONS. FIELD MEASUREMENTS ARE ALSO PRESENTED WHICH PERMIT THE STUDY OF ONE OF THE IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS USED IN SUCH CALCULATIONS. THE PENETRATION OF FROST INTO A HIGHWAY SECTION IS A HEAT-FLOW PROCESS, THUS A GOOD STARTING POINT FOR DEPTH-OF-FREEZE CALCULATIONS IS A RECORD OF AIR TEMPERATURES. EQUATIONS UTILIZED FOR FROST DEPTH CALCULATIONS ARE REVIEWED. IT IS SHOWN THAT THE CALCULATION OF RATE OF THAW IS NOT NEARLY AS ADVANCED AS FROST PENETRATION PROCEDURES. STUDIES OF FROST MEASUREMENTS INDICATE THAT THE FREEZE DEPTHS DO NOT VARY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONCEPT OF THE STEFAN EQUATION IN SHOWING EQUAL DEPTHS FOR A GIVEN MAGNITUDE OF DEGREE-DAYS ACCUMULATED IN VARYING PERIODS OF TIME FOR DIFFERENT WINTERS.
The influence of far-red light on attributes of green bell pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum l.) during storage

Green bell peppers fruits, stored for 1 month at 8oC and 455% relative humidity in Far-Red light (FRL) and darkness respectively, were investigated in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The exposure to FRL slows down the water loss from fruits by stimulating the surface wax biosynthesis into a higher specific amount and hydrophobic nature and reducing the apertures, diameters of the pericarp cells, intercellular walls and dermal layer thicknesses. The higher level of catalase enzyme in the FRL-exposed fruits resulted in lower chilling injury index in comparison with the one in fruits exposed to darkness. FRL has favorable effect on chlorophyll and carotenoids accumulation rates. The multiplication of yeasts and molds on the surface of FRL-exposed bell peppers was significantly delayed as compared to the multiplication on the surface of the darkness-exposed bell peppers.
Proposal of a New Conformal Factor and Normal Tissue Penalty Factor for Radiosurgery Treatments

The quality of a treatment plan is evaluated by the conformality of the prescribed isodose around the target and the homogeneity of dose distribution inside the target. Presently, to check the target volume conformality, a number of published conformity indices are in use. Most of these indices are based on the target volume coverage by prescribed isodose, with respect to the total volume of the target. Some take into account the normal tissue covered by the prescribed isodose and suitably weigh the target coverage to evaluate conformity. In this study, for the irradiation of normal tissue by the prescription isodose, a normal tissue penalty factor is proposed and for the target conformality, a new conformal factor is proposed by applying this normal tissue penalty factor to the target coverage. The proposed conformal factor is evaluated for a few sample analytical cases and the results are compared with those obtained using the published conformity indices.
Improving Coastal Tourism Business Competitiveness: Using Ecotourism's Concept to Explore to Potential of Coastal Tourism Business Pandeglang and Serang Districts. Banten. West-Java. Indonesia

The number of tourists are decreased especially surround Pandeglang because of the decreased of competitiveness of coastal tourism business. The concept so called ecotourism, which is consider as a new trend in tourism-based business, is expected to be able to improve the competitiveness of coastall tourism business in the aforementioned region. This research is aimed to find out new potential objects of coastal tourism which can be used as parameter of the competitive advantage coastal tourism business that match with the implementation of ecotourism’s concept. The result of the research founded 3 potentials coastal tourism business could be improved based on ecotourism concept and competitiveness concept in Pandeglang regency which could improve the coastal tourism business: Tanjung Lesung coast; Anyer Coast; and Carita Coast.The describtion of competitiveness: Firstly, Tanjung Lesung coast is the most competitive coastal tourism busines (scored, 0.88). They have to improve open resources coastal tourism provided with diving, snorkling, and banana boating. Secondly, Anyer coast can become competitive coastal tourism business (scored, 0.71). They have to zoning and landscaping the open resource coastal tourism by collaborating the activities with local people. Finally, Carita coast almost becomes competitive coastal tourism business (scored, 0.61). They have to re-zoning and landscaping the coastal tourism area and developed natural coastal tourism. The results of the research indicated that Tanjung Lesung coast is the most competitive of coastal tourism compare to Anyer coast and Carita coast. The potential itself is: view point; landscape; culture; and sacred place.
Evaluation of industrial work practice program in Vocational High School 1 Rejotangan

This study aims to evaluate implementing the Industrial Work Practice (Prakerin) program at the Vocational High School (VHS) of 1 Rejotangan. This type of research is evaluative with a descriptive qualitative method using the CIPP model. The population of this study was 15 students involved, five work of world instructors, 21 teacher councils, and the headmaster of VHS of 1 Rejotangan. Data collection techniques use interviews and observations. Interviews are conducted openly and behind closed doors. The interview was conducted with the headmaster of VHS of 1 Rejotangan. The observations made by the researchers aimed to capture data on pre-employment activities, sincerity, and cooperation of participants and instructors during the activity. The results of this study are (1) synchronization of the joint curriculum to the world of work at the evaluation stage of the context of the VKS of 1 Rejotangan industrial practice program. At this stage, (1) the signing of an MOU between the world of work schools, a student readiness plan (competency mapping), and a placement plan (world of work Placement Mapping); (2) input evaluation obtained information that a cooperative organization was formed. The cooperative organization between schools and the business world and industry in the industrial practice program has two aspects: departmentalization and division of labor. The division of labor comprises principals and teachers from the business/industrial world. Meanwhile, departmentalization consists of mapping students. Place students in existing competencies and an appropriate world of work; (3) process evaluation, a collaboration between schools and the world of work for student development, is flexible and consistent with each school's policies; (4) product evaluation. The internship program has many benefits for schools and the world of work.
Life Cycle Assessment of Reclaimed Water for Potable and Nonpotable Reuse in California

Extreme drought, water scarcity and population growth is forcing California to seek out new water sources. Reclaimed water is considered one of the best alternatives to alleviate water shortages and help meet the water demand sustainably. However, the environmental impacts of reclaimed water have not been fully studied to ensure that the overall benefits of reclaimed water do indeed outweigh the environmental, social, and economic costs. In this study a life cycle assessment (LCA) for potable (direct and indirect) and nonpotable reuse will be conducted to identify and quantify major environmental, social, and economic problems that are attributed to reclaimed water. Additionally, recommendations will be made to achieve optimal benefits for California by suggesting the best type of reuse to help meet water needs of municipalities with minimal impacts.
DISNET: Distributed Micro-Split Deep Learning in Heterogeneous Dynamic IoT

The key impediments to deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) in Internet of Things (IoT) edge environments lie in the gap between the expensive DNN computation and the limited computing capability of IoT devices. Current state-of-the-art machine learning models have significant demands on memory, computation, and energy and raise challenges for integrating them with the decentralized operation of heterogeneous and resource-constrained IoT devices. Recent studies have proposed the cooperative execution of DNN models in IoT devices to enhance the reliability, privacy, and efficiency of intelligent IoT systems but disregarded flexible fine-grained model partitioning schemes for optimal distribution of DNN execution tasks in dynamic IoT networks. In this article, we propose distributed micro-split deep learning in heterogeneous dynamic IoT (DISNET). DISNET accelerates inference time and minimizes energy consumption by combining vertical (layer based) and horizontal DNN partitioning to enable flexible, distributed, and parallel execution of neural network models on heterogeneous IoT devices. DISNET considers the IoT devices’ computing and communication resources and the network conditions for resource-aware cooperative DNN Inference. Experimental evaluation in dynamic IoT networks shows that DISNET reduces the DNN inference latency and energy consumption by up to $5.2\times $ and $6\times $ , respectively, compared to two state-of-the-art schemes without loss of accuracy.
Nonlinear Flood Responses to Tide Level and Land Cover Changes in Small Watersheds

Regarding global warming, the threat of flooding is projected to increase due to the change in intensity and frequency of single drivers and amplification caused by multi-driver interactions. This interaction becomes more complicated in developing regions with rapidly changing land cover. As a result, demands on flood risk management are rising especially in small watersheds, which are more vulnerable to driver disturbances compared with large watersheds. Existing studies focused on large watersheds rather than small watersheds. However, the findings derived from large-scale analysis cannot be transferred to small watersheds directly. This research investigated the flood responses in the Yonghe River Watershed (YRW) (63.8 km2) in Guangzhou, China, considering the impact of land cover change. The YRW experienced a disastrous compound flood on 22 May 2020. A hydrodynamic model integrating the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System and River Analysis System (HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS, respectively) was established and calibrated using the inundation depths observed during the flood. Model analysis using multiple scenarios showed that the watershed is river-dominated, and flood responses to the three factors are nonlinear but with different increasing rates. The response curves for tide levels and land cover changes increase faster at high values, whereas the rainfall intensity curves vary slightly. These findings highlight the importance of integrating tidal impacts into flood risk management, even in river-dominated coastal watersheds. The study further recommends that in small watersheds, 50% imperviousness is an indicator of the urgent demand for flood risk management measures.
Prognostic biomarker SYK and its correlation with immune infiltrates in glioma

The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides excellent conditions for the development of glioma. The present study sought to identify the prognostic factors of glioma that could be used to improve the prognosis of patients with this disease. In the present study, Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data calculations were employed to estimate the ratio of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the quantity of immune and stromal components in 698 glioma cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. In addition, certain differentially expressed genes were studied by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses and single genes associated with prognosis were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cox combined analysis. The immune and stromal scores of the TME were significantly associated with glioma patient survival. By using the PPI network and Cox regression analyses, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) was eventually identified as the best prognostic factor for patients with glioma. In addition, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and CIBERSORT analyses were employed. The former indicated that the high-expression SYK group genes were mainly enriched in immune-related activities. The latter revealed that SYK expression was positively associated with T cell cluster of differentiation 4 memory resting and monocytes. The aforementioned experimental analyses provided the theoretical basis for the biological prediction of SYK. The data indicated that SYK contributed to immune predictors in patients with glioma by facilitating the shift of the TME from immune dominance to metabolic activity. Finally, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to verify the single gene expression in glioma cells. This may provide prognostic value for the treatment of glioma.
Effects of Tourist and Researcher Presence on Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in Wild, Habituated Sulawesi Crested Macaques (Macaca nigra)

Simple Summary Ecotourism managers and field researchers often assume that primates residing in ecotourism locations are accustomed to people and therefore are not adversely affected by visitors. We examined the effects of tourist and researcher presence on three groups of critically endangered, wild crested macaques (Macaca nigra) in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tourists visiting Tangkoko have access to macaque groups and can walk into them. Hence, we examined the possible effects of tourists both (1) in the reserve when outside and away from the study groups and (2) within study groups. We analyzed fecal cortisol metabolite levels (FGCM—a hormone that is often elevated when individuals experience stress) from 456 fecal samples (collected from thirty-three adults). When tourists were present in the forest, but not directly among the macaques, FGCM levels in the macaque groups were higher in months with greater tourist numbers. When tourists were within groups, some females displayed FGCM responses typical of acute stress. Male FGCM levels increased with numbers of tourists within the group, but did not change postexposure. FGCM responses to researchers varied by group, sex, and tourist presence. However, the temporal patterning of FGCM responses indicated little evidence of chronic stress from tourism at Tangkoko Nature Reserve. Abstract Ecotourism managers and researchers often assume that apparently habituated primate groups no longer experience adverse consequences of prolonged exposure to tourists or researchers. We examined the effects of tourists and researchers on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite output (FGCM) in three critically endangered, wild crested macaque (Macaca nigra) groups in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia. We assayed FGCM from 456 fecal samples collected from thirty-three adults. Tourists can walk through and among macaque groups freely. Hence, we examined the possible effects of tourists both (1) in the reserve when away and not interacting with the study groups and (2) when they were present within the macaque groups. Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis indicated that when tourists were present in the forest, but not directly among the macaques, FGCM levels in the macaque tourism groups were higher in months with more tourists. When tourists were among the macaque groups, some female macaques experienced rises and subsequent postexposure decreases in FGCM levels, consistent with predictions for acute stress. Male FGCM levels increased with tourist numbers within the group. Nevertheless, they were not significantly different from levels during undisturbed or postexposure conditions. FGCM responses related to researchers in groups varied by group, sex, and tourist presence. However, the temporal patterning of FGCM responses showed little evidence of chronic stress from tourism at this site.
A comparative study for accessing primary healthcare between planning assessment and actual utilization for older adults: a case from Dalian City, China

Introduction As China has rapidly evolved into an aging society, the Chinese government has developed a community-oriented primary healthcare system to vigorously expedite the transfer of primary health care (PHC) from higher-level hospitals to community health centers (CHCs). However, current planning standards for CHCs have not considered the heterogeneity of older adults in supply-demand services, such that the areas with severe aging may comprise of underestimated levels of accessibility. Methods This study focuses on the gap in PHC access between planning assessment and actual utilization for older adults. We conducted an empirical study in the city area of Dalian based on the check-in and survey data from CHCs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparison model was built to calculate matching probability using a modified Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (G2SFCA) method. Results As indicated by the results, the communities in the primary healthcare shortage area (PHCSA) increased 6.8% by considering the heterogeneity of older adults; these communities with underserved PHC were ignored by the current planning assessment. Based on the comparison of actual and theoretical accessibility for older adults, we found that the average matching probability was about 76.6%, which means approximately a quarter of older adults have been misestimated the accessibility of PHC. Discussion Further analysis for the older adults with mismatched accessibility showed two causes of the gap, one is the lack of connection between the spatial distribution of facilities and the allocation of service supply, and the other is the subjective cross-catchment visit to CHCs for older adults.
Enhancement of Product-Inspection Accuracy Using Convolutional Neural Network and Laplacian Filter to Automate Industrial Manufacturing Processes

The automation of the manufacturing process of printed circuit boards (PCBs) requires accurate PCB inspections, which in turn require clear images that accurately represent the product PCBs. However, if low-quality images are captured during the involved image-capturing process, accurate PCB inspections cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, this study proposes a method to effectively detect defective images for PCB inspection. This method involves using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a Laplacian filter to achieve a higher accuracy of the classification of the obtained images as normal and defective images than that obtained using existing methods, with the results showing an improvement of 11.87%. Notably, the classification accuracy obtained using both a CNN and Laplacian filter is higher than that obtained using only CNNs. Furthermore, applying the proposed method to images of computer components other than PCBs results in a 5.2% increase in classification accuracy compared with only using CNNs.
Capacity Building and Women Leadership in Kenya Political Elective Positions

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of capacity building on women leadership in Kenya political elective positions. Methodology: A mixed method research design was adopted with a positivism philosophy approach. A simple random sampling method was applied to select a representative sample of the study. The target population comprised of 172 women elected in National Assembly and Senate. Primary data was collected through open ended questionnaires and secondary data was collected through published records. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used to facilitate data analysis process. The collected data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to draw conclusions. Results: The inferential statistics results revealed a positive and significant relationship between capacity building and inclusion of women in the elective positions in Kenya at p<0.05. Capacity building and women leadership in Kenya political elective positions had a Pearson’s correlation of r=0.323 (p=0.001) which was weak but positive. The correlation results implied that capacity building is had a weak, strong and positive association with women leadership in Kenya political elective positions. According to these findings increase in capacity building increased women leadership in Kenya political elective positions. The R2 for the model was 0.105 indicating that 10.5% variations in women leadership in elective in Kenya could be explained for by capacity building other factors held constant. This was a sign that the model was appropriate for establishing the link between relationship between capacity building and inclusion of women in the elective positions in Kenya and, as a result, for drawing the conclusions and suggestions from the study. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: While the existing Trait Theory of Leadership used in this study was validated, the study recommends that that political parties should organize for training on women who are willing to vie for political offices. These trainings should aim to equip women leaders with knowledge and skills which will increase their chances of being elected in elective in positions. According to the study, policymakers and political parties should take the lead in providing mentorship programs for women seeking elective positions to have same experience just like their men counterpart.
Primary pulmonary Hodgkin’s lymphoma mimicking granulomatosis with polyangiitis – a case report of diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas

Primary pulmonary Hodgkin’s lymphoma (PPHL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma that comprises a small percentage of primary pulmonary lymphomas. Due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms, PPHL often presents diagnostic challenges. This case report presents a unique case of PPHL mimicking granulomatosis with polyangiitis, emphasizing the difficulties encountered during the diagnostic process. A 53-year-old female presented with vague symptoms including weakness, oedema, dry cough, and nasal cavity ulceration. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated C-reactive protein levels, a white blood cell count with neutrophilia, and lymphopaenia. Initial treatment with oral corticosteroids for suspected polyangiitis yielded no response. The patient subsequently developed a low-grade fever and pruritic erythematous rash. Diagnostic procedures, including bronchial brush biopsy, bronchial washing, mediastinal lymph node biopsy, nasal cavity ulceration biopsy, and initial lung biopsy, were inconclusive and resulted in exclusion of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. A subsequent computed tomography scan indicated disease progression in the left lung. A lung biopsy revealed fibrotic tissue with nodules containing Hodgkin- Reed-Sternberg cells, leading to the final diagnosis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis subtype. Positron emission tomography scan findings confirmed PPHL. The patient received multiple chemotherapeutic regimens, with brentuximab vedotin demonstrating efficacy as the sole effective treatment. This exceptional case of PPHL underscores the extensive diagnostic and therapeutic workup involving a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. Increased awareness of PPHL and its distinctive features will aid in the diagnosis of similar cases in the future, benefitting both clinicians and pathologists.