Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overlap between Headache, Depression, and Anxiety in General Neurological Clinics: A Cross-sectional Study

Background:Many studies have reported that depression and anxiety have bidirectional relationship with headache. However, few researches investigated the roles of depression or anxiety in patients with headache. We surveyed the prevalence of depression and anxiety as a complication or cause of headache among outpatients with a chief complaint of headache at neurology clinics in general hospitals. Additional risk factors for depression and anxiety were also analyzed. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at 11 general neurological clinics. All consecutive patients with a chief complaint of headache were enrolled. Diagnoses of depression and anxiety were made using the Chinese version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and those for headache were made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition. The headache impact test and an 11-point verbal rating scale were applied to assess headache severity and intensity. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of patients with headache for depression or anxiety. Results:A total of 749 outpatients with headache were included. Among them, 148 (19.7%) were diagnosed with depression and 103 (13.7%) with anxiety. Further analysis showed that 114 (15.2%) patients complaining headache due to somatic symptoms of psychiatric disorders and 82 (10.9%) had a depression or anxiety comorbidity with headache. Most patients with depression or anxiety manifested mild to moderate headaches. Poor sleep and severe headache-related disabilities were predictors for either depression or anxiety. Conclusion:Clinicians must identify the etiology of headache and recognize the effects of depression or anxiety on headache to develop specific treatments.
Regulation and Physiologic Significance of the Agmatine Deiminase System of Streptococcus mutans UA159

ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that Streptococcus mutans expresses a functional agmatine deiminase system (AgDS) encoded by the agmatine-inducible aguBDAC operon (A. R. Griswold, Y. Y. Chen, and R. A. Burne, J. Bacteriol. 186:1902-1904, 2004). The AgDS yields ammonia, CO2, and ATP while converting agmatine to putrescine and is proposed to augment the acid resistance properties and pathogenic potential of S. mutans. To initiate a study of agu gene regulation, the aguB transcription initiation site was identified by primer extension and a putative σ70-like promoter was mapped 5′ to aguB. Analysis of the genome database revealed an open reading frame (SMU.261c) encoding a putative transcriptional regulator located 239 bases upstream of aguB. Inactivation of SMU.261c decreased AgD activity by sevenfold and eliminated agmatine induction. AgD was also found to be induced by certain environmental stresses, including low pH and heat, implying that the AgDS may also be a part of a general stress response pathway of this organism. Interestingly, an AgDS-deficient strain was unable to grow in the presence of 20 mM agmatine, suggesting that the AgDS converts a growth-inhibitory substance into products that can enhance acid tolerance and contribute to the competitive fitness of the organism at low pH. The capacity to detoxify and catabolize agmatine is likely to have major ramifications on oral biofilm ecology.
On the Ordering of the Nonstandard Real Line

We investigate order-theoretic properties of the nonstandard real line, by isolating the basic order-types involved, and the possible relations among them. We focus on order-isomorphisms between the infinitesimals, the infinites, and the whole hyperreal line. We also compute the main cardinal invariants of the order-topology of the nonstandard real line.
Market heterogeneities and the causal structure of volatility

Abstract The correlation between historical and realized volatilities is studied empirically for a large range of time intervals. Similarly, the correlation between the volatility changes and the realized volatilities is studied. Both quantities measure the response functions of the market participants. These correlations show explicitly the heterogeneous structure of the market according to the characteristic time horizons of the different agents. It reveals a volatility cascade from long to short time horizons, with a structure different from the one observed in turbulence. A comparison is made with several theoretical processes used in finance, allowing a better understanding of the role and interactions of the market participants (intra-day trader, portfolio manager, central banks, pension funds, …). Moreover, we have developed a new ARCH-type process that incorporates the different groups of agents, with their characteristic memories. This process reproduces well the empirical response function, and allows us to quantify the importance of each group.
Factors Related to Drop-outs by Borderline Patients : Treatment Contract and Therapeutic Alliance.

High patient drop-out rates have traditionally interfered with both treatment and study of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The authors tested hypotheses that an adequate treatment contract, a positive therapeutic alliance, and the severity of illness would all correlate with continuation of treatment versus drop-out in a BPD cohort receiving psychodynamic psychotherapy. Therapists' contributions to the contract and to the alliance correlated with the length of treatment. Patients' impulsivity was negatively related to length of treatment. This study supports the view that the therapist's technique plays a role in engaging the borderline patient to remain in treatment.
DYNAMIC IMAGING OF CYTOSOLIC FREE CA2+ IN HUMAN NEUTROPHILS USING CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY

The neutrophil represents both the ﬁrst line ofdefence against infecting microbes and also a po-tential source of tissue destruction during inﬂam-matory disease. Understanding the signallingprocesses within these cells is thus an importantgoal. The major intracellular change which occurswithin neutrophils when stimulated is probably thechange in cytosolic free Ca
Further evidence for two types of excitatory receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine in dog vasculature [proceedings].

It has been suggested that the excitatory receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the dog femoral artery differs from that in the dog saphenous vein (Apperley, Humphrey & Levy, 1977). In order to characterize these receptors further, we have examined the effect of the 5-HT-antagonist cyproheptadine (Stone, Wenger, Ludden, Stavorski & Ross, 1960) on contractile responses to 5-HT and methysergide in the two vessels. In addition, there other vessels, from the dog carotid vasculature, have been included in the study. Beagle dogs of either sex were anaesthetized with barbitone sodium (300 mg/kg i.p.) and portions of the femoral artery, saphenous vein, external carotid artery, lingual artery and intermediate auricular artery removed. The intermediate auricular artery was perfused with Krebs solution at a rate of 2-6 ml/min to give a resting perfusion pressure of 15-25 mmHg. Changes in perfusion pressure were recorded under constant flow conditions. The remaining vascular preparations were cut spirally into strips and isometric contractions recorded from a resting tension of 0.2-0.5 gram. The experimental conditions and design were the same as those described previously (Apperley, Humphrey & Levy, 1976). In the femoral artery 5-HT, but not methysergide, produced concentration-dependent contractions, the maximum response occurring at about 5.0 x Io-6 mol/l. Cyproheptadine (2.5 x 10-92.5 x 10mol/l) was a potent antagonist of 5-HT, producing parallel displacements to the right of the concentration-effect curve. The pA2(30 min) for cyproheptadine against 5-HT in the femoral artery was 8.73 +0.13 (mean±s.e. mean, n=4), with a slope of 1.18±0.10, indicating competitive antagonism (Arunlakshana & Schild, 1959). In the saphenous vein both 5-HT (1.0 x 10-8-5.0 x 10-6 mol/l) and methysergide (5.0 x 10-81.0 X 10molI1) produced concentrationdependent contractions. Cyproheptadine (1.0 x 10mol/1) had little or no effect on these contractions. Higher concentrations of cyproheptadine (1.0 x l0-1.0x 10mol/l) produced only slight displacement of the 5-HT and methysergide concentration-effect curves but a concentrationdependent reduction of the maxima, indicating noncompetitive antagonism. The results obtained in the other vessels were compared with those obtained in the femoral artery and saphenous vein. The profile of activity of methysergide and cyproheptadine in the external carotid and lingual arteries was the same as that in the femoral artery, while the profile of activity in the intermediate auricular artery was the same as that in the saphenous vein. These findings add support to the suggestion that there are two types of excitatory receptor for 5-HT in dog vasculature. At one type methysergide and cyproheptadine are potent competitive antagonists. At the other type methysergide is an agonist and cyproheptadine is a weak non-competitive antagonist. Stimulation of the latter type by methysergide could account for its selective vasoconstrictor action in the dog carotid artery bed (Saxena, 1974).
A bridge over troubled water: a decade of representation at South West Water

Purpose – This paper aims to examine union and non-union consultation and representative arrangements at South West Water (SWW) over a ten-year period, from 1992 to 2002. Design/methodology/approach – The paper attempts to fill the gap in the current research by examining the processes leading from union derecognition, non-union employee representation (NER), to recognition of union representation using SWW as an example. Findings – The SWW experience suggests that any representative structures within firms need to have full support of the majority of employees and to have been seen as being organic to the workplace rather than an imposed arrangement by management. Without such a bottom-up approach, the legitimacy and respect for such arrangements will diminish, creating obstacles for developing meaningful dialogue and trust between management, staff and unions. For unions, maintaining high membership density, while no guarantee of continuing recognition, creates an environment of strong union organisation and representation at workplace level. Originality/value – As the experience at SWW has shown, where unions have been excluded from the workplace, maintaining a presence through the representation of individual employee interests and through colonisation of NER structures has been shown to pay dividends in the long run. However, a recognition agreement is not enough on its own to secure new members and unions need to be effective and relevant to the workforce.
Profiting from the virtual organisation of technological innovation: suggestions from an empirical study

The process of technological innovation has been changing, and this greatly impacts on its management. Increasingly, technological innovation requires the fusion of multiple technological disciplines, deeper and deeper technical skills, and early availability of market knowledge. This increases the need of firms to access external sources of technical knowledge and information (markets, customers and technology suppliers), and to rely on technological collaborations. This paper attempts to identify effective practices to manage technological partnering. It is based on the results of an empirical investigation on seven cases of technological partnerships in high-tech industry.
Do Leases Expand Debt Capacity?

Theoretically and empirically, debt and leases have been shown to be both substitutes and complements. To explore the relation, we divide our sample into two subsets: those that exhibit a complementary relation (43% increase debt after increasing leases), and those that exhibit a substitutionary relation (57% decrease debt after increasing leases). For complement firms, we find a significant negative relation between leasing and the firm's size, marginal tax rate, and z-score, consistent with “complementary” theories. For substitute firms, we find a positive and significant relation between leasing, the marginal tax rate and changes in cash. We also find a significant positive stock market reaction to the announcement of the SLB, which is stronger for the complement subset of firms.
A systematic review on the treatment of giardiasis

To assess the efficacy of treatment of parasitological excretion of cysts and trophozoites and symptoms of patients with giardiasis, a systematic review of published randomized clinicial trials was conducted through extensive searches in Medline, Embase and Current Contents from 1966 till 1996 as well as manual reviews of 28 journals. The methodological quality of all trials was assessed by guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Thirty‐one trials were included, only one of which had no serious methodological flaws. The mean score of parasitological examination was 4.8 out of a possible 15. There was a considerable effect in cure rate of treatment versus placebo (odds 9.3, 95%CI 4.69–18.4), but all 3 trials in this comparison had serious flaws. Metronidazole treatment over more than 3 days seems to achieve a better parasitological cure rate than other long treatment courses (pooled odds 2.6, 95% 1.7–3.8), but trials are clinically and statistically heterogeneous. Single‐dose therapy is as effective as longer treatment courses (pooled odds 0.67, 95% 0.31–1.44). Within the single‐dose regimens tinidazole (2 g) reaches a higher parasitological cure rate than other short therapies (pooled odds 55, 95% CI 3.7–8.3) with relatively few side‐effects. Placebo‐controlled trials with parasitological and clincial outcomes are needed.
100‐days rapid change initiatives in African public water utilities

Purpose – This paper aims to test the 100‐days rapid change model for African public water utilities.Design/methodology/approach – A case study is conducted of three 100‐days rapid change programs in public water utilities in Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia.Findings – The study finds that the 100‐days rapid change model is partly applicable to the African public water sector, given the right conditions.Practical implications – The findings compose a motive and guidance for policy makers and public sector managers in developing countries to undertake 100‐days rapid change programs.Originality/value – To date, no research is available on 100‐days rapid change programs in public water utilities from developing countries.
The market, technological and industry context of business process re‐engineering in the UK

Attempts to contextualize the current high level of interest in business process re‐engineering (BPR) in UK business and industry. Reviews a number of surveys of UK business involvement with BPR and suggests long‐term secular trends in the business environment of Western firms that seem likely to have encouraged its use. Presents a brief history of the development of BPR to date, examining some of the seminal works on BPR and highlighting the major debates currently found in the literature. Examines the novelty of BPR in relation to other, more established, management approaches, with particular emphasis on the similarities and differences between total quality management and BPR. From case studies reported by UK businesses in the literature and popular press, concludes that: a large number of applications are found in the financial services sector; there is a notable absence of BPR case studies in SMEs; and there is a lack of information available about the failure rates of BPR projects in UK businesses. Identifies several areas where further research is required. Concludes that BPR addresses the need for established enterprises to move to a new organizational paradigm, from one focused on functions to one focused on processes. This need to change has been brought about by the advancing capabilities of information technology, increased levels of competition, the increasing sophistication of consumers and the threats posed by new entrants who have already adopted radically different modes of operation. Since these forces for change appear to be long‐run tendencies in developed economies, BPR cannot be viewed as a passing fad.
Confronting issues of gender and ethnicity: Women's experiences as aspiring urban principals

This article examines, from a female perspective, the complexities of gender and ethnicity embedded in successful urban school leadership. The authors use qualitative data, collected from female participants in two cohorts of aspiring urban principals in a yearlong experimental leadership preparation program, to discuss issues that arise during the coursework mentoring and school internship components of the program. Recommendations for future programs, drawn from the study, include selecting program participants based on their commitment to social justice, utilizing opportunities to confront gender and ethnic leadership stereotyping, providing the training to conduct school dialogues on social justice issues, and exposing aspiring principals to ethnically diverse urban school environments.
Status epilepticus and antiepileptic medication levels

To investigate the association between withdrawal from antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and status epilepticus (SE), we evaluated AED levels at the time of, and prior to, an episode of SE in 65 patients with epilepsy. At least one AED was therapeutic in 65% of patients at the time of SE, and all prescribed AEDs were therapeutic in 48%. Ten patients had subtherapeutic AED levels before, and at the time of, SE. Sixteen patients with previously therapeutic levels (25%) had one or more subtherapeutic AED level at the time of SE. Many of the patients had other acute or remote factors that could be associated with SE, and 46 had had previous episodes of SE. Low AED levels or withdrawal can explain only some cases of SE. Citing AED irregularity as the major cause of SE in patients with epilepsy oversimplifies a complex, poorly understood situation.
A new Haptoclinus blenny (Teleostei, Labrisomidae) from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean, with comments on relationships of the genus

Abstract A second species of the blenniiform genus Haptoclinus is described from deep reefs off Curaçao, southern Caribbean. Haptoclinus dropi sp. n. differs from the northwestern Caribbean Haptoclinus apectolophus Böhlke and Robins, 1974, in having 29 total dorsal-fin elements—III-I-XIII, 12 (vs. 31—III-I-XIV, 13 or III-I-XIII, 14); 19 anal-fin soft rays (vs. 20-21); 12 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 13); 12 precaudal vertebrae (vs. 13); and the first dorsal-fin spine longer than the second (vs. the second longer than the first). It further differs from Haptoclinus apectolophus in lacking scales (vs. three-quarters of body densely scaled), in having a distinctive pattern of spotting on the trunk and fins in preservative (vs. no spotting), and in lacking a fleshy flap on the anterior rim of the posterior nostril (vs. flap present). Color in life is unknown for Haptoclinus apectolophus, and the color description presented for the new species constitutes the first color information for the genus. Familial placement of Haptoclinus remains questionable, but the limited relevant information obtained from morphological examination of the new species provides additional support for a close relationship with the Chaenopsidae. Haptoclinus dropi represents one of numerous new teleost species emerging from sampling to 300 m off Curaçao as part of the Smithsonian Institution’s Deep Reef Observation Project (DROP).
Environment and development economics 20 years on

Abstract This paper reviews the evolution of the field of environment and development over the last two decades. I argue that a central concern of the field has been the relation between natural resource use, income and growth, under the institutional and market conditions that prevail in developing countries. Particular attention is paid to the demographic and other drivers of change in the asset base, the linkages between poverty, property rights and the allocation of natural resources, the valuation of environmental assets and investment of resource rents, and the development of policies for managing environmental externalities and environmental public goods. I consider how the balance between topics and the treatment of individual topics has changed over time, and indicate how the field might be expected to move in the future.
An Integrated Approach to Identify Spatiotemporal and Individual‐Level Determinants of Animal Home Range Size

Animal home range use is a central focus of ecological research. However, how and why home range size varies between individuals is not well studied or understood for most species. We develop a hierarchical analytical approach—using generalized linear mixed‐effects modeling of time series of home range sizes—that allows variance in home range size to be decomposed into components due to variation in temporal, spatial, and individual‐level processes, also facilitating intra‐ and interspecific comparative analyses. We applied the approach to data from a roe deer population radiotracked in central Italy. Over multiple timescales, temporal variation is explained by photoperiod and climate and spatial variation by the distribution of habitat types and spatial variance in radiotracking error. Differences between individuals explained a substantial amount of variance in home range size, but only a relatively minor part was explained by the individual attributes of sex and age. We conclude that the choice of temporal scale at which data are collected and the definition of home range can significantly influence biological inference. We suggest that the appropriate choice of scale and definition requires a good understanding of the ecology and life history of the study species. Our findings contrast with several common assumptions about roe deer behavior.