Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field Line Resonance at Mercury's Magnetosphere: A Simulation Study

Ultra low frequency (ULF) waves, which are assumed to be standing waves on the field, are observed by the Mariner 10 spacecraft at Mercury. These waves are oscillating at 38% of the proton gyrofrequency. It is well known that the heavy ions, such as Na+, are abundant in Mercury's magnetosphere. Because the presence of different ion species has an influence on the plasma dispersion characteristics near the ion gyro-frequencies, such relatively high frequencies of magnetospheric eigenoscillations at Mercury require a multi-fluid treatment for the plasma. Thus ULF waves at Mercury may have a distinct difference from typical ULF oscillations at Earth, which are often described in terms of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). By adopting a multi-fluid numerical wave model, we examine how magnetic eigenoscillations occur in Mercury's magnetosphere. Because protons and sodium ions are the main constituents at Mercury, we assume an electron-proton- sodium plasma in our model. The frequency spectra and time histories of the electromagnetic fields at the ion-ion hybrid (IIH) and cavity resonances are presented. Our results show: (1) The observed ULF waves are likely compressional waves rather than FLR. (2) Resonant absorption occurs at the IIH resonance, thus incoming compressional waves are converted into the IIH resonance. (3)more » The IIH resonance is strongly guided by the background magnetic field and shows linear polarization in the east-west meridian. (4) Both the Alfven and the IIH are suggested as a mechanism for FLR at Mercury. (5) The resonance frequency enables us to estimate the local heavy ion concentration ratio. « less
Multiple-prism arrays in laser optics

At present, multiple-prism arrays play an important and pervasive role in laser optics. From intracavity beam expansion to pulse compression these integrated optical elements have given a new and expanded meaning to the word prism. In this article we offer a pedagogical introduction to the physics and mathematics of practical multiple-prism arrays.
Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of three organic acid salts and two bacterial additives on the fermentation profile, in vitro digestibility and gas production, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage prepared with 10% fresh weight (FW) of wet hulless barley distillers’ grains (WHDG), 35% FW of common vetch, 15% FW of whole-crop oat, 10% FW of hulless barley straw, and 30% FW of mixed concentrate. The total mixed ration (555 g kg−1 FW) was ensiled with six treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) calcium propionate (CAP; 0.5% FW); (3) potassium sorbate (POS; 0.1% FW); (4) sodium diacetate (SDA; 0.5% FW); (5) Lactobacillus buchneri (LB; 1 × 106 cfu g−1 FW); and (6) Lactobacillus casei (LAC; 1 × 106 cfu g−1 FW). All silos (20 L) were opened for the fermentation profile and in vitro digestibility analysis after 95 days of fermentation, and then subjected to an aerobic stability experiment for 14 days. All the TMR silage was well preserved with a low pH (4.32~4.51), acceptable levels of butyric acid (1.34~1.56 g kg−1 dry matter), and ammonia nitrogen (69.1~87.1 g kg−1 total nitrogen). All the groups were steady during aerobic exposure, while the SDA treatment was more stable with lower populations of undesirable microorganisms on day 14. The CAP, POS, and SDA treatments evidently (p < 0.05) enhanced the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (54.8~57.5 vs. 48.4%) and neutral detergent fiber (48.4~51.6 vs. 41.1%) compared to the control. By comprehensive consideration, SDA is recommended as additive to enhance fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of TMR silage containing 10% FW of WHDG.
Synthetic acoustic holograms realized via optoacoustic methods

Optoacoustic binary holography is applied to gain complete spatio-temporal control over ultrasonic beams. For flexible temporal intensity modulation of the sound-inducing laser light, an electro-optic modulator is used. Furthermore, in order to generate the desired spatial intensity distributions of the ultrasound, a spatial light modulator impresses synthetic binary holograms on the modulated light beam. At a light absorbing surface the optoacoustic effect converts the modulated light wave into an ultrasonic beam that propagates into water in the holographically predetermined way. With this approach we have successfully generated amplitude distributions that are difficult to realize with traditional piezo-electric techniques.
EXISTENCE AND NON-EXISTENCE FOR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS INVOLVING CRITICAL SOBOLEV EXPONENTS

We study existence of positive solutions of the classical non- linear Schrodinger equation i¢u + V (x)u i f(x;u) i H(x)u 2 ⁄ i1 = 0; u > 0 in n u ! 0 as jxj ! 1: In fact, we consider the following more general quasi-linear Schrodinger equation idiv(jruj mi2 ru) + V (x)u mi1 if(x;u) i H(x)u m ⁄ i1 = 0; u > 0 in n u ! 0 as jxj ! 1; where m 2 (1;n) is a positive number and m ⁄ := mn n i m > 0; is the corresponding critical Sobolev embedding number in n. Under appropriate conditions on the functions V (x), f(x;u) and H(x), existence and non-existence results of positive solutions have been established.
A Comparison of Curricula of Graduate Schools of Interpretation and Translation in Korea

In less than a decade, the number of graduate schools of interpretation and translation in Korea has skyrocketed from one to a dozen. This is a reflection of the increasing interest in practical studies across the board, but in interpretation, in particular. At such a juncture, it would be helpful to compare the entire process from entrance exams to curricula and finally the graduation exams to see whether the programs are the same or different and ultimately to proffer a “model” program that suits the current situation in Korea. Four graduate schools were chosen for this study: Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, the oldest graduate school of its kind in Korea, Ewha Womans University, Seoul University of Foreign Studies and Sunmoon University, as a local representative.
Design and Analysis of Lithium–Niobate-Based Laterally Excited Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator with Pentagon Spiral Electrodes

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the propagation and dispersion characteristics of A1 mode propagating in Z-cut LiNbO3 membrane. The A1 mode resonators with pentagon spiral electrodes utilizing Z-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) thin film are designed and fabricated. The proposed structure excites the A1 mode waves in both x- and y-direction by utilizing both the piezoelectric constants e24 and e15 due to applying voltage along both the x- and y-direction by arranging pentagon spiral electrode. The fabricated resonator operates at 5.43 GHz with no spurious mode and effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (Keff2) of 21.3%, when the width of electrode is 1 µm and the pitch is 5 µm. Moreover, we present a comprehensive study of the effect of different structure parameters on resonance frequency and Keff2 of XBAR. The Keff2 keeps a constant with varied thickness of LiNbO3 thin film and different electrode rotation angles, while it declines with the increase of p from 5 to 20 µm. The proposed XBAR with pentagon spiral electrodes realize high frequency response with no spurious mode and tunable Keff2, which shows promising prospects to satisfy the needs of various 5 G high-band application.
Properties of Broad Band Continuum of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

We have performed a statistical study of the properties of the broad band continuum of Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) by collecting ratio, infrared, optical and X-ray continuum data from various databases and compared the results with control samples of Broad Line Seyfert 1 galaxies (BLS1s). We find that the fraction (∼ 6%) of Radio Loud (RL) NLS1s is significantly less than that of BLS1s (∼ 13%), which is caused by the lack of radio-very-loud sources in the former. The rarity of RL NLS1s, especially radio-very-loud ones, is consistent with the scenario of small black hole and high accretion rate for NLS1s. Six new radio loud NLS1s are found and five RL NLS1 candidates are presented. In comparison with the BLS1s, the NLS1s tend to have stronger far infrared emission, cooler infrared colors and redder B K color, which suggests that NLS1s are hosted by dust-richer nuclei. The NLS1s also show steeper soft X-ray spectrum and large soft X-ray to optical flux ratio, while a significant fraction show flat soft X-ray spectra. At least two factors can account for this, absorption and spectral variability. We also perform a correlation analysis between various broad band data. It is found that most correlations identified for NLS1s are also valid for radio quiet BLS1s: (1) the optical colors are anti-correlated with X-ray spectral index; (2) higher optical, X-ray and NIR luminosity objects show bluer optical colors and red H K color; (3) higher luminosity objects show warmer IRAS color; (4) the radio loudness correlates with B K and X-ray to optical flux ratio. Radio loud objects behave somewhat differently in a few correlations.
Electrical analysis and interface states evaluation of Ni Schottky diodes on 4H‐SiC thick epilayers

This work has been focused on characterization of thick 4H‐SiC layers produced by sublimation epitaxy. Nickel Schottky contacts have been fabricated in order to characterize the grown material and evaluate the interfacial layer between metal and semiconductor. The characterization study includes current–voltage and capacitance–voltage high temperature measurements, from which Schottky barrier, net donor concentration and on‐state resistance values have been extracted. The diodes show a typical behavior of J–V and C–V curves with temperature, with Schottky barrier heights of 1.3 eV ÷ 1.4 eV and net donor concentration of 4 × 1015 cm–3 ÷ 1 × 1016 cm–3. From the Bardeen's model on reverse J–V, the density of states of the interfacial layer has been estimated to 7 × 1011 eV–1 cm–2 ÷ 8 × 1011 eV–1 cm–2, a value that is similar to the density of states of oxide layers in deliberated MOS structures realized on the same epilayers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of the Hopkinson Effect in the HDDR-treated Nd-Fe-B-type Material

The Hopkinson effect in the HDDR-treated Nd_(15)Fe_(77)B_8 alloy was examined in detail by means of a thermomagnetic analysis with low magnetic field (600 Oe). The emergence and magnitude of maximum in magnetisation in the thermomagnetic curve due to the Hopkinson effect was correlated with the grain structure and coercivity of the HDDR-treated material. The HDDR-treated materials showed a clear Hopkinson effect (maximum in magnetisation just below the Curie temperature of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase) on heating. The magnitude of the magnetisation rise due to the Hopkinson effect became smaller as the recombination time increased. The magnetisation recovery at room temperature on cooling from above the Curie temperature became smaller as the recombination time increased. The HDDR-treated materials with shorter recombination time, finer grain size and higher coercivity showed larger magnetisation maximum due to the Hopkinson effect in the thermomagnetic curve.
AN APPROACH TO CAPABLE GROUPS AND SCHUR’S THEOREM

Podoski and Szegedy [‘On finite groups whose derived subgroup has bounded rank’, Israel J. Math.178 (2010), 51–60] proved that for a finite group $G$ with rank $r$, the inequality $[G:Z_{2}(G)]\leq |G^{\prime }|^{2r}$ holds. In this paper we omit the finiteness condition on $G$ and show that groups with finite derived subgroup satisfy the same inequality. We also construct an $n$-capable group which is not $(n+1)$-capable for every $n\in \mathbf{N}$.
Three‐stage feature selection approach for deep learning‐based RUL prediction methods

The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction plays an increasingly important role in predictive maintenance. With the development of big data and the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT), deep learning (DL) techniques have been widely adopted for RUL prediction. Addressing the limitation of the current methods for data under multiple operating conditions, this paper proposes a three‐stage feature selection approach for DL‐based RUL prediction models. The k‐medoids cluster is initially used to sort raw data based on different operating conditions. In the first stage of feature selection, an operational‐based normalisation approach is applied to reconstruct the data. Afterwards, Spearman's rank and pair‐wise Pearson correlation coefficients are used to eliminate irrelevant and redundant features in the second and third stages, respectively. A case study using NASA's Commercial Modular Aero‐Propulsion System Simulation (C‐MAPSS) dataset is presented to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the proposed feature selection method using the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and its’ variants, enhanced by an optimised activation function and optimiser. The results confirm that the proposed method can improve the stability of DL models and achieve about a 7.3% average improvement in the RUL prediction for popular and state‐of‐the‐art DL models.
Wide-band amplitude modulation by electrooptic tuning of the center wavelength in short-cavity distributed Bragg reflector lasers

This paper describes wide-band electrooptic modulation of a short-cavity distributed Bragg reflector laser. Efficient amplitude modulation, in both small and large signal regimes, is obtained by modulation of the center Bragg reflector wavelength via electrooptic tuning. The role of the refractive index dynamics in determining the characteristics of a diode laser employing wavelength dependent feedback is also addressed. >
Nonlinear transformation methods for gravity-turn descent

Introduction •RAVITY-TURN guidance has been widely investigated 1 ~ and used in practice' for terminal descent to a planetary surface. Previous studies of this method have utilized simple linear feedback laws to track predefined descent profiles. This Note points out that such approaches have much in common with modern nonlinear transformation methods. Furthermore, nonlinear methods can now be used for the design of descent guidance in a systematic and rigorous manner, enhancing the stability domain of the system. These matters have also been investigated for atmospheric entry by applying nonlinear methods to the Space Shuttle reference drag guidance law. Finally, a systematic new guidance law is presented that requires only slant range, slant range rate, and local vertical information. This law dispenses with the explicit need for a radar altimeter for terminal descent. Such a guidance law may have benefits for low-cost lunar landing vehicles using simple onboard sensors.
Approximate shortest path and distance queries in networks

Computing shortest paths in graphs is one of the most fundamental and well-studied problems in combinatorial optimization. Numerous real-world applications have stimulated research investigations for more than 50 years. Finding routes in road and public transportation networks is a classical application motivating the study of the shortest path problem. Shortest paths are also sought by routing schemes for computer networks: the transmission time of messages is less when they are sent through a short sequence of routers. The problem is also relevant for social networks: one may more likely obtain a favor from a stranger by establishing contact through personal connections. This thesis investigates the problem of efficiently computing exact and approximate shortest paths in graphs, with the main focus being on shortest path query processing. Strategies for computing answers to shortest path queries may involve the use of pre-computed data structures (often called distance oracles) in order to improve the query time. Designing a shortest path query processing method raises questions such as: How can these data structures be computed efficiently? What amount of storage is necessary? How much improvement of the query time is possible? How good is the approximation quality of the query result? What are the tradeoffs between precomputation time, storage, query time, and approximation quality? For distance oracles applicable to general graphs, the quantitative tradeoff between the storage requirement and the approximation quality is known up to constant factors. For distance oracles that take advantage of the properties of certain classes of graphs, however, the tradeoff is less well understood: for some classes of sparse graphs such as planar graphs, there are data structures that enable query algorithms to efficiently compute distance estimates of much higher precision than what the tradeoff for general graphs would predict. The first main contribution of this thesis is a proof that such data structures cannot exist for all sparse graphs. We prove a space lower bound implying that distance oracles with good precision and very low query costs require large amounts of space. A second contribution consists of spaceand time-efficient data structures for a large family of complex networks. We prove that exploiting well-connected nodes yields efficient distance oracles for scale-free graphs. A third contribution is a practical method to compute approximate shortest paths. By means of random sampling and graph Voronoi duals, our method successfully accommodates both highly structured graphs stemming from transportation networks and less structured graphs stemming from complex networks such as social networks.
“I Had to Do It All Alone”: Hispanic Perspectives on Navigating Breast Cancer Treatment

Cancer patients are at a high risk for COVID infection and its corresponding impacts on treatment delay, social isolation, and psychological distress. Hispanic breast cancer patients may be more vulnerable due to a lack of resources and language barriers, widening disparities in cancer care. This qualitative study explored the challenges and obstacles to cancer care during the COVID pandemic among 27 Hispanic females from a United States–Mexico border region. Data were collected via individual in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The majority of the participants were interviewed in Spanish. More than half (55.6%, n = 15) were diagnosed with breast cancer within the prior year to the interview. One-third of the participants (33.3%, n = 9) reported that COVID somewhat to greatly impacted their cancer care. Study findings revealed potential barriers and challenges for cancer care at multiple levels (e.g., medical, psychosocial, financial level) during the COVID pandemic. Five major themes reported include: (1) delays in testing and access to care; (2) fear of COVID infection; (3) social isolation and reduced social support; (4) challenges in navigating treatments alone; and (5) financial hardships. Our findings highlight the importance for health care practitioners to understand various challenges encountered by underserved Hispanic breast cancer patients due to COVID. Screening for psychological distress and exploring approaches to expand social support to address these challenges are discussed.
Robust tracking for very long-range radars: Part II. Measurement conversion and derivations

The measurement conversion from a radar's r-u-v coordinate system to a Cartesian coordinate system is discussed in this paper. Although the nonlinearity of this coordinate transformation appears insignificant based on the evaluation of the bias of the converted measurements, it is shown that this nonlinearity can cause significant covariance inconsistency in the conventional (first order) converted measurements (CM1). Since data association depends critically on filter consistency, this issue is very important. Following this, it is shown that a suitable corrected version (with second order terms) of the conversion equations (CM2) eliminates the inconsistency. The decision between using the standard conversion and the second order version is based on a condition ratio, namely, for an r-u-v measurement whose condition ratio is lower than a certain threshold, CM2 should be used. Results on various tracking filter using these conversions are presented in part I [1].
Dipole moment fluctuation formulas in computer simulations of polar systems

The fundamental equation of electrostatics, i.e. the integral equation for the polarization of a macroscopic dielectric in an arbitrary external field, is written in a form that allows explicit inclusion of the toroidal boundary conditions as well as the cutoff of dipolar interactions often used in the computer simulation of polar systems. The toroidal boundary conditions are accounted for in a natural way if the integral equation is formulated (and solved) in Fourier space. Rigorous expressions for the polarization induced by a homogeneous field as well as for the equilibrium dipole moment fluctuations, both as a function of the dielectric constant, are then easily derived for general systems in two and three dimensions. The equations obtained for spherical cutoff geometry with reaction field are identical to those valid for an infinite periodic system (Ewald sum plus reaction field). When applied to the case of a highly polar Stockmayer system (μ*2=3·0, θ*=0·822, T*=1·15) the formulas lead to a consiste.
Propagation of Model Form Uncertainty for Thermal Hydraulics using RANS Turbulence Models in Drekar

This document summarizes the results from a level 3 milestone study within the CASL VUQ effort. It demonstrates the propagation of model form uncertainty that arises from the presence of multiple turbulence models within the context of thermal hydraulics analyses. The lack of knowledge associated with an inability to a priori identify an appropriate turbulence model is modeled as discrete epistemic uncertainty. This approach provides an alternative to model selection processes, for use when data is unavailable or inadequate for reducing the model form uncertainty. In this case, the alternative is to propagate the model form uncertainty and report UQ results that include this epistemic uncertainty source alongside other parametric sources. The study calculates epistemic intervals on aleatory statistics for several quantities of interest, where the epistemic intervals are computed using mixed continuous-discrete optimization methods and the aleatory statistics are computed using polynomial chaos expansions. We first investigate two simple algebraic test problems with multiple model forms and then deploy the methods to the Drekar thermal hydraulics application. The Drekar study employs a set of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models, including Spalart-Allmaras and k-e . Results highlight the utility of employing efficient mixed continuous-discrete optimizers based on surrogate emulation.
Bayesian Computation for Nonhomogeneous Poisson Processes in Software Reliability

Abstract A unified approach to the nonhomogeneous Poisson process in software reliability models is given. This approach models the epochs of failures according to a general order statistics model or to a record value statistics model. Their corresponding point processes can be related to the nonhomogeneous Poisson processes, for example, the Goel—Okumoto, the Musa—Okumoto, the Duane, and the Cox—Lewis processes. Bayesian inference for the nonhomogeneous Poisson processes is studied. The Gibbs sampling approach, sometimes with data augmentation and with the Metropolis algorithm, is used to compute the Bayes estimates of credible sets, mean time between failures, and the current system reliability. Model selection based on a predictive likelihood is studied. A numerical example with a real software failure data set is given.