Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barron's Essential Words for the TOEIC

Updated to reflect the most recent TOEIC, this test preparation book focuses on 600 words commonly used on the TOEIC. Words are taught in 50 vocabulary-building lessons that focus on American English as it is used in today's business, industry, communications, and cultural activities. All activities are formatted like the actual questions on the TOEIC exam and help students develop test-taking skills Examples of practical English usage touch on such subjects as contracts, marketing, banking, and personnel, among many other activities. Additional exercises focused to help TOEIC test takers expand their English vocabulary in areas related to cultural activities, such as movies, music, and art. Each lesson presents 12 target words with definitions, and then uses them in several different contexts. Practice exercises follow every lesson, and a quiz follows every five lessons to test students' expanding skill in English word usage. Also included are recommendations for Web-based study activities. The enclosed MP3 CD provides essential help in pronunciation and listening comprehension.
ADAPT: An adaptive manycore methodology for software pipelined applications

Future on-chip manycore systems are expected to have hundreds of cores, and to be used for a number of applications to amortize their fabrication costs. In this paper, we examine how software pipelines, which are useful for streaming/multimedia applications, can be efficiently executed on a manycore system with shared memory. The goal is to balance the stages of the pipeline under workload and resource variations. This paper presents ADAPT, a method to quickly detect bottleneck stages and add cores (workers) to those bottleneck stages at run-time. Further, if there are no idle workers, then a shuffling of workers across stages is performed to improve/maintain throughput. ADAPT is implemented in a 48-core system which is built using a commercial core and tool suite. For a variety of applications, ADAPT takes less than 2 μs for one run-time adaptation, and achieves up to 2.1× the throughput of a state-of-the-art method (which is modified and implemented in the same system for a fair comparison). These results illustrate the applicability of ADAPT for fine-grained run-time management of manycore systems to achieve high throughput for software pipelines.
Reference Values for and Determinants of Right Atrial Area in Healthy Adults by 2-Dimensional Echocardiography

Background—Right atrial (RA) size is important in screening, diagnosis, and follow-up assessment in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The objective of this study was to define normal reference values for RA area by echocardiography in a large population of athletic versus sedentary healthy subjects. Methods and Results—In the first part of the study, 880 healthy adult subjects (mean age, 28±6 years; 38% women; 395 top-level endurance athletes, 255 strength athletes, and 230 nonathletes) were prospectively assessed. In the second part, we performed a pooled analysis of all studies published between 1976 and 2011 describing RA area in healthy subjects (n=624). Statistical analysis included the calculation of 95% quantiles for defining cutoff values. Mean RA area in the 880 subjects was significantly larger in endurance athletes compared with the strength athletes and nonathletes. RA area correlated significantly with age, sex, body surface, and endurance training. In a synopsis of both data sets, 95% quantiles for RA area in strength atheletes and nonathletes were 15.2 cm2 (95% confidence interval, 14.7–15.7) in women and 16.2 cm2 (95% confidence interval, 15.8–16.6) in men. Conclusions—To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest data set to describe RA size in adult healthy subjects (age <50 years). Cutoff values for RA area were significantly different in women (15 cm2) and men (16 cm2). Age, sex, body surface area, and high-level endurance training were determinants of RA area.
Sphingolipid management by an orchestra of lipid transfer proteins

Abstract The various membranes in eukaryotic cells have unique lipid compositions. Despite important discoveries in lipid research over recent decades, the basic principles by which cells define their membrane compositions are essentially unknown. Cells must sense the concentration of each lipid, integrate such signals and regulate the activity of their metabolic enzymes and transport routes to dynamically meet their needs in terms of membrane composition. Sphingolipids constitute a lipid category that is essential for eukaryotic life and appears to be key to differences in lipid composition. Here we discuss recent findings that assign an important role to lipid transfer proteins in the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism, organization and function.
A Corpus for Studying Full Answer Justification

Question answering (QA) systems aim at retrieving precise information from a large collection of documents. To be considered as reliable by users, a QA system must provide elements to evaluate the answer. This notion of answer justification can also be useful when developping a QA system in order to give criteria for selecting correct answers. An answer justification can be found in a sentence, a passage made of several consecutive sentences or several passages of a document or several documents. Thus, we are interesting in pinpointing the set of information that allows to verify the correctness of the answer in a candidate passage and the question elements that are missing in this passage. Moreover, the relevant information is often given in texts in a different form from the question form: anaphora, paraphrases, synonyms. In order to have a better idea of the importance of all the phenomena we underlined, and to provide enough examples at the QA developer's disposal to study them, we decided to build an annotated corpus.
Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach

Preface PART I: AN OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT 1: Introduction to Motor Development 2: Cognitive and Motor Development 3: Social and Motor Development PART II: FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEVELOPMENT 4: Prenatal Development Concerns 5: Effects of Early Stimulation and Deprivation PART III: PHYSICAL CHANGES ACROSS THE LIFESPAN 6: Growth and Maturation 7: Physiological Changes: Health-Related Physical Fitness 8: Movement and the Changing Senses PART IV: MOVEMENT ACROSS THE LIFESPAN 9: Infant Reflexes and Stereotypes 10: Voluntary Movements of Infancy 11: Fine Motor Development 12: Fundamental Locomotion Skills of Childhood 13: Fundamental Object-Control Skills of Childhood 14: Youth Sports 15: Movement in Adulthood PART V: ASSESSING MOTOR DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTING A PROGRAM 16: Assessment 17: Planning and Conducting Developmental Movement Programs Appendix A: Growth Charts: National Center for Health Statistics Appendix B: Body Mass Index Table Appendix C: Summary of the Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health Appendix D: Summary of the CDC's Guidelines for School and Community Programs Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity Appendix E: Observation Plans Appendix F: List of Web Sites Author Index / Subject Index
IT outsourcing for E-government: Lessons from IT outsourcing projects initiated by agricultural organizations of the Korean government

The main goal of this study is to conduct an empirical investigation of IT outsourcing projects for e-government and provide useful implications for IT mangers in the public sector. A framework is proposed and diverse IT outsourcing success factors are examined using data collected from the public sector. Fifty nine IT outsourcing projects initiated by agricultural organizations of the Korean government were used for analysis in this study. A survey research was also conducted from IT managers in the organizations. The findings and lessons from empirical investigation of this study would be useful to IT managers planning IT outsourcing projects in the public sector. The findings are compared with general beliefs of IT outsourcing in the private sector
Activation of the Ischemic Ventricle and Acute Peri‐Infarction Block in Experimental Coronary Occlusion

Changes in left ventricular activation during the first 10 min. following occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery of dogs were studied by using multiple intramural electrodes. Intramural block and an increase in the amplitude of R were observed routinely in the outermost layers of muscle in the central zone of maximal ischemia as long as the occlusion was maintained. The changes were distinct from those produced by left bundle-branch block. Failure to propagate the accession process in normal fashion seems to be characteristic of ischemic heart muscle.
B Cells Regulate Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Latency

ABSTRACT The dynamics of the establishment of, and reactivation from, gammaherpesviruses latency has not been quantitatively analyzed in the natural host. Gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) is a murine gammaherpesvirus genetically related to primate gammaherpesviruses that establishes a latent infection in infected mice. We used limiting dilution reactivation (frequency of cells reactivating γHV68 in vitro) and limiting dilution PCR (frequency of cells carrying γHV68 genome) assays to compare γHV68 latency in normal (C57BL/6) and B-cell-deficient (MuMT) mice. After intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, latent γHV68 was detected in the spleen, bone marrow, and peritoneal cells. Both B-cell-deficient and C57BL/6 mice established latent infection in peritoneal cells after either i.p. or intranasal (i.n.) inoculation. In contrast, establishment of splenic latency was less efficient in B-cell-deficient than in C57BL/6 mice after i.n. inoculation. Analysis of reactivation efficiency (reactivation frequency compared to frequency of cells carrying γHV68 genome) revealed that (i) regardless of route or mouse strain, splenic cells reactivated γHV68 less efficiently than peritoneal cells, (ii) the frequency of cells carrying γHV68 genome was generally comparable over the course of infection between C57BL/6 and B-cell-deficient mice, (iii) between 28 and 250 days after infection, cells from B-cell-deficient mice reactivated γHV68 10- to 100-fold more efficiently than cells from C57BL/6 mice, (iv) at 7 weeks postinfection, B-cell-deficient mice had more genome-positive peritoneal cells than C57BL/6 mice, and (v) mixing cells (ratio of 3 to 1) that reactivated inefficiently with cells that reactivated efficiently did not significantly decrease reactivation efficiency. Consistent with a failure to normally regulate chronic γHV68 infection, the majority of infected B-cell-deficient mice died between 100 and 200 days postinfection. We conclude that (i) B cells are not required for establishment of γHV68 latency, (ii) there are organ-specific differences in the efficiency of γHV68 reactivation, (iii) B cells play a crucial role in regulating reactivation of γHV68 from latency, and (iv) B cells are important for controlling chronic γHV68 infection.
An Improved Algorithm of the Node Localization in Ad Hoc Network

If the destination node is far from the source node, the transmission of the routing control information for the destination node has some delay and will then affect the accuracy of the node localization. An algorithm is proposed to predict the actual location of the destination node based on its current position information in routing table. The original algorithm is analyzed, and the primary reason that the node localization has some deficiency is pointed out. The node localization forecast algorithm is designed and realized, and the forecast algorithm is used to improve the accuracy of the node localization as far as possible. The algorithm is simulated and analyzed, and it proved that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the impact of positioning accuracy caused by the node transmission delay and other factors.
Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

The thesis “Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease” is part of the PROPARK study, a longitudinal cohort study of approximately 400 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), who are profiled on genotype, phenotype, disability, and global outcomes of health, using valid and reliable assessment instruments for PD. The aims of this thesis were to characterize the non-motor domains important in PD such as olfactory, autonomic, sleep, cognitive, and psychiatric problems. Additionally, their relations with other domains of the disease were evaluated on a cross-sectional level, as well as their impact on disability and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, the phenotypic characteristics of mutation carriers in the cohort were evaluated. The most important conclusions from this thesis are: 1. Non-motor symptoms are frequently present in patients with PD 2. Non-motor symptoms are related to each other 3. Non-motor symptoms greatly influence quality of life in patients with PD The results as described in this thesis will serve as guideline for future research which will be aimed at underlying disease mechanisms.
Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Mutations in Mammalian Cells Detected by the Flow Cytometry Mutation Assay and Characterized by Mutant Spectrum

Abstract Under hypoxic conditions, cells are more resistant to cell killing by ionizing radiation by a factor of 2.5 to 3, potentially compromising the efficacy of radiotherapy. It has been shown recently that hypoxic conditions alone are sufficient to generate mutations in vitro and in vivo, likely due to the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in mismatch and homologous recombination DNA repair activity. These factors are known precursors to the onset of genetic instability and poor prognosis. We have previously characterized the flow cytometry mutation assay and its sensitivity to detect significant mutant fractions induced by genotoxic agents that are not detected by other mammalian assays. Here we measure the mutant fraction induced by hypoxia. CHO AL cells cultured at <0.1% O2 for 24 h generated a significant mutant fraction of 120 × 10−5 and had growth kinetics and survival characteristics similar to those obtained with other mutagens. We investigated the role of ROS by treating cells with the radical scavenger DMSO, which significantly reduced hypoxia toxicity and mutagenesis. Single cells were sorted from the mutant population, and the resulting clonal populations were stained for five antigens encoded by genes found along chromosome 11 to generate mutant spectra. The mutations were primarily large deletions, similar to those in background mutants, but the frequency was higher. We have demonstrated that hypoxic conditions alone are sufficient to generate mutations in mammalian cells in culture and that the spectrum of mutations is similar to background mutations.
Intelligent Data Mining for Medical Quality Management

In the healthcare sector cost pressure is growing, quality demands are rising and the competitive situation amongst suppliers is mounting. These developments confront hospitals more than ever with the necessities of critically reviewing their own efficiency under both medical and economical aspects. At the same time growing capture of medical data and integration of distributed and heterogeneous databases create a completely new base for quality and cost management. Statistics provide a powerful apparatus for the analysis of these data. However, the bandwidth of potential results is limited to manually built hypotheses. Innovative explorative methods of data analysis, known as data mining, automatically seek interesting statements about the data and are thus able to reveal unusual patterns too. Against this background we applied intelligent data mining methods to patient data from several clinics and from years 1996 to 1998. With the Knowledge Discovery Assistant (KDA) domain experts like medical quality managers are able to formulate relevant questions in the Knowledge Discovery Question Language (KDQL) which abstracts from database and data mining terminology and narrows the gap between domain experts and data mining specialists. For several questions in the field of medical service controlling interesting data mining results were discovered in this project. Questions were targeted on diagnoses, medical treatments, complications, and documentation. Within separable groups of patients, e.g. those with identical diagnoses, conspicuous subgroups were to be identified who – due to their age or sex – received a treatment other than expected from the given diagnosis without a medical indication being given or documented.
GIST: Genomic island suite of tools for predicting genomic islands in genomic sequences

Genomic Islands (GIs) are genomic regions that are originally from other organisms, through a process known as Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT). Detection of GIs plays a significant role in biomedical research since such align genomic regions usually contain important features, such as pathogenic genes. We have developed a use friendly graphic user interface, Genomic Island Suite of Tools (GIST), which is a platform for scientific users to predict GIs. This software package includes five commonly used tools, AlienHunter, IslandPath, Colombo SIGI-HMM, INDeGenIUS and Pai-Ida. It also includes an optimization program EGID that ensembles the result of existing tools for more accurate prediction. The tools in GIST can be used either separately or sequentially. GIST also includes a downloadable feature that facilitates collecting the input genomes automatically from the FTP server of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). GIST was implemented in Java, and was compiled and executed on Linux/Unix operating systems. Availability The database is available for free at http://www5.esu. edu/cpsc/bioinfo/software/GIST
A High-Definition View of Functional Genetic Variation from Natural Yeast Genomes

The question of how genetic variation in a population influences phenotypic variation and evolution is of major importance in modern biology. Yet much is still unknown about the relative functional importance of different forms of genome variation and how they are shaped by evolutionary processes. Here we address these questions by population level sequencing of 42 strains from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its closest relative S. paradoxus. We find that genome content variation, in the form of presence or absence as well as copy number of genetic material, is higher within S. cerevisiae than within S. paradoxus, despite genetic distances as measured in single-nucleotide polymorphisms being vastly smaller within the former species. This genome content variation, as well as loss-of-function variation in the form of premature stop codons and frameshifting indels, is heavily enriched in the subtelomeres, strongly reinforcing the relevance of these regions to functional evolution. Genes affected by these likely functional forms of variation are enriched for functions mediating interaction with the external environment (sugar transport and metabolism, flocculation, metal transport, and metabolism). Our results and analyses provide a comprehensive view of genomic diversity in budding yeast and expose surprising and pronounced differences between the variation within S. cerevisiae and that within S. paradoxus. We also believe that the sequence data and de novo assemblies will constitute a useful resource for further evolutionary and population genomics studies.
Candidate spectroscopic binaries in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We have examined the radial velocity data for stars spectroscopically observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) more than once to investigate the incidence of spectroscopic binaries, and to evaluate the accuracy of the SDSS stellar radial velocities. We find agreement between the fraction of stars with significant velocity variations and the expected fraction of binary stars in the halo and thick disk populations. The observations produce a list of 675 possible new spectroscopic binary stars and orbits for eight of them.
Feedback Reduction for Spatial Multiplexing with Linear Precoding

This paper presents two novel methods to optimally compress the feedback for spatial multiplexing with linear precoding. The methods exploit the time correlation of the channel and the knowledge of the previously fed back precoder matrices to estimate the conditional probabilities of the different possible feedback indices. These probabilities are then used to losslessly compress the actual feedback using variable-length codes. Two compression schemes are presented, one for a non-dedicated feedback channel and one for a dedicated feedback channel.
Nitrogenase activity and regeneration of the cellular ATP pool in Azotobacter vinelandii adapted to different oxygen concentrations

The in vivo activity of nitrogenase under aerobiosis was studied with diazotrophic chemostat cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii grown under glucose- or phosphate-limited conditions at different dilution rates (Ds, representing the growth rate mu) and different dissolved oxygen concentrations. Under steady-state conditions, the concentration as well as the cellular level of ATP increased in glucose-limited cultures when D was increased. Irrespective of the type of growth limitation or the dissolved oxygen concentration, the steady-state concentrations of ATP and of dinitrogen fixed by nitrogenase increased in direct proportion to each other. Specific rates of dinitrogen fixation as well as of the regeneration of the cellular ATP pool were compared with specific rates of cellular respiration. With glucose-limited cultures, the rate of regeneration of the ATP pool and the rate of respiration varied in direct proportion to each other. This relationship, however, was dependent on the dissolved oxygen concentration. As compared to the phosphate-sufficient control, phosphate-limited cultures exhibited the same nitrogenase activity but significantly increased respiratory activities. Rates of ATP regeneration and of cellular respiration of phosphate-limited cultures did not fit into the relationship characteristic of glucose-limited cultures. However, a linear relationship between the rates of dinitrogen fixation and ATP regeneration was identified irrespective of the type of growth limitation and the dissolved oxygen concentration. The results suggest that the ATP supply rather than cellular oxygen consumption is of primary importance in keeping nitrogenase activity in aerobic cultures of A. vinelandii.
Immunity to Enteric Infection in Mice

Specific pathogen-free CD-1 mice infected orally with sublethal doses (104 to 106 viable organisms) of Salmonella enteritidis rapidly developed extensive bacterial populations in the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Although the pathogen did not multiply extensively in the gut, the infection persisted in the intestine at between 104 and 105 viable organisms throughout the experiment. S. gallinarum was less invasive than S. enteritidis when given by mouth; S. pullorum failed to survive in the intestine or to invade the tissues of orally infected mice. Vaccination with a sublethal dose of living S. enteritidis, either orally or intravenously, completely prevented the establishment of liver and spleen populations of a drug-resistant, virulent strain of S. enteritidis. Vaccination with an ethyl alcohol-killed vaccine given by various routes delayed the spread of the orally introduced challenge population to the liver and spleen by 1 to 2 days but was unable to prevent the subsequent growth of the pathogen in vivo, although the vaccinated mice survived the infection. The importance of these findings in relation to vaccination against typhoid fever in man is discussed.