Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of exogenous 5, 8, 11, 14, 17‐eicosapentaenoic acid on cardiac anaphylaxis

1 The effects of infusions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (6 × 10−8 mol min−1 and 15 × 10−8 mol min−1) on the coronary constriction and the release of immunoreactive sulphidopeptide‐leukotrienes (SP‐LT), thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α(PGF1α) from perfused anaphylactic guinea‐pig hearts were investigated. 2 EPA dose‐dependently inhibited the profound early coronary flow reduction after antigen injection. The less pronounced late phase of anaphylactic coronary flow reduction was, however, not significantly affected. EPA (15 × 10−8 mol min−1) significantly shortened the average duration of antigen‐induced arrhythmias. 3 EPA dose‐dependently decreased release of immunoreactive TXB2 and 6‐keto‐PGF1α from anaphylactic guinea‐pig hearts. 4 Release of immunoreactive SP‐LT was dose‐dependently increased after antigen challenge in the presence of EPA. Inhibition of the release of SP‐LT by the lipoxygenase inhibitor esculetin (1 × 10−7 mol min−1) was accompanied by a significant attenuation of flow reduction during the late phase of anaphylactic vasoconstriction. 5 Reversed phase h.p.l.c. of perfusates from anaphylactic guinea‐pig hearts revealed immunoreactivity comigrating with authentic leukotriene C4 (LTC4), LTD4 and LTE4. In perfusates from hearts treated with EPA infusions, additional immunoreactivity was detected comigrating with LTC5, LTD5 and LTE5. In addition to immunoreactivity migrating with LTB4, as observed in control heart perfusates, in perfusates from EPA‐treated hearts, a second peak was observed, which coincides with the retention time described for LTB5. 6 Exogenous LTC5 (1 × 10−12 mol min−1 and 20 × 10−12 mol min−1) induced dose‐dependent reductions of coronary flow and was found to be a slightly weaker constrictor than LTC4, but no significant differences were observed. Coronary vasoconstriction elicited by infusion of exogenous LTC4 (20 × 10−12 mol min−1) was dose‐dependently inhibited by infusions of EPA. However, the negative inotropic effect of LTC4 remained unaffected. 7 Thus, in the isolated anaphylactic heart of the guinea‐pig exogenous EPA was effectively metabolized via the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway whereas the cyclo‐oxygenase pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism was found to be inhibited. The results are in agreement with the suggestion that cyclo‐oxygenase products are mediators of the early phase of the anaphylactic coronary constriction, while vasoconstrictor SP‐LT are involved in the later phase. However, in spite of enhanced release of SP‐LT, EPA infusion did not result in increased coronary constriction. Considering the fact that EPA antagonizes LTC4‐induced coronary constriction, it seems possible, that EPA might act as a functional antagonist of vasoconstrictor eicosanoids including EPA‐derived SP‐LT.
Expression of IMPDH mRNA after Mycophenolate Administration in Male Volunteers

Background. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the first-line antimetabolic immunosuppressants used in solid organ transplantation. Here, in vivo expressions of the pharmacodynamic marker IMPDH mRNA were analyzed to investigate its usefulness in assessing drug effects. Materials and Methods. Six healthy male volunteers who had the same genotype for genes known to be associated with drug metabolism and effects were selected to remove the confounding effect of these genotypes. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 1 g) was administered once to each subject, and blood samples were collected with certain interval before and after MMF administration to measure lymphocyte expression levels of IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 mRNA. One week later, the experiment was repeated. Results. Whereas IMPDH1 mRNA expression was stable, IMPDH2 mRNA expression showed 2 peaks in the first week. Both IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 mRNA expression in the second week remarkably decreased from the first week. Conclusion. The temporary increase in IMPDH2 mRNA expression in the first week might be due to a reactive reaction against the plasma MPA concentration. In the second week, the intracellular guanosine monophosphate might be depleted, rendering IMPDH2 mRNA synthesis inactive. When MPA is regularly administered to reach a steady state, the IMPDH2 mRNA expression may be kept low and may effectively reflect biological responses regardless of drug intake.
Evidence of altered matrix composition in iliac crest biopsies from patients with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis

ABSTRACT Purpose: Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO) is a rare condition in children, characterized by bone pain and long bone and vertebral fractures. Previously, IJO bone was solely characterized by histomorphometry and quantitative computed tomography. The goal of this study is to describe IJO bone composition. Materials and methods: Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI), a vibrational spectroscopic technique providing spatially resolved images of chemical composition, was used to determine whether iliac crest biopsies from children with IJO differed in composition from and age- and sex-matched controls, and, as a secondary analysis, whether IJO bone showed the same disease dependent change in composition as do iliac crest bone biopsies from women with post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Wilcoxon rank tests and linear regressions were used to analyze FTIRI variables (mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, crystallinity, acid phosphate substitution, collagen maturity) and their individual pixel distributions (heterogeneity). Results: Mineral-to-matrix ratio was comparable in IJO and age-matched controls. Contrastingly, collagen maturity (also known as collagen cross-link ratio) was higher in cortical and cancellous IJO bone compared with juvenile controls. Acid phosphate substitution was greater in IJO cancellous bone than in age-matched controls, suggesting IJO bone mineral is formed more recently, reflecting a slower mineralization process. This agrees with findings of increased heterogeneity for mineral-to-matrix and collagen maturity ratios in IJO cancellous bone. There were negative correlations between cancellous collagen maturity and previously reported histomorphometric bone formation markers. There were no correlations with indices of remodeling. Conclusions: IJO bone, similar to PMO bone, had elevated collagen maturity relative to its age-matched controls. This emphasizes the importance of the collagen matrix for bone health. IJO bone differed from PMO bone as IJO bone contains more recently formed mineral than age-matched controls but has a more mature matrix, whereas in PMO bone both mineral and matrix have older characteristics.
Balancing risk against utility: Behavior planning using predictive risk maps

This paper addresses the problem of future behavior evaluation and planning for ADAS in general traffic situations. Complex traffic situations require the estimation of future behavior alternatives in terms of predictive risks. Based on the predicted future dynamics of traffic scene entities, we present an approach where a continuous, probabilistic model for future risks is used to build so-called predictive risk maps. These maps indicate how risky a certain ego-car trajectory will be at different predicted times so that they can be used to directly plan the best possible future behavior. Since this optimization problem is highly non-convex we combine the risk maps with sampling-based planning algorithms of the RRT*-type to obtain future trajectories which minimize risk and maximize utility. We apply our approach to multiple risk types and various different scenarios, including inner city and highway situations.
CrowdApp: Crowdsourcing for application rating

One of the main concerns for application developers is user satisfaction. Before installing any application from an app market, users first look at the app rating and the number of times it was downloaded. However, ratings are not made by experts, are subjective, and require user involvement; therefore, a large number of reviews are needed before the ratings become statistically reliable. One way to obtain user input transparently is to collect data from devices through crowdsourcing. In this work, we present CrowdApp, a crowdsourcing-based application that continuously runs in the background and collects data from the device without any active user participation (transparent crowdsourcing). Then it computes a score for every app installed on the device. The application was tested on Android. Our results show that there is a high correlation (> 0.8) between CrowdApp scores and Google Play scores. More importantly, CrowdApp scores also agreed with subjective ratings by the users themselves at the end of the experiment period.
Target seeking behaviour of an intelligent mobile robot using advanced particle swarm optimization

The present research work aims to develop two different motion planners for an autonomous mobile robot. The developed motion planners are inspired by particle swarm optimization and are useful for generating feasible paths by the robot within its unknown environment. Each motion planner works on its own fitness function and each fitness function are modelled based on the robot sensory information. Path analysis results showed that both motion planners are generating collision free paths and reaches its destination within its workspace. Finally, comparison has been done in between the developed PSO based motion planners.
An Analytical Compact Circuit Model for Nanowire FET

In this paper, we propose a quasi-analytical device model of nanowire FET (NWFET) for both ballistic and drift-diffusion current transport, which can be used in any conventional circuit simulator like SPICE. The closed form expressions for current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage characteristics are obtained by analytically solving device equations with appropriate approximations. The developed model was further verified with the measured I-V characteristics of an NWFET device. Results show a close match of the model with measured data.
Evidence that the Enterococcal Polysaccharide Antigen Gene (epa) Cluster Is Widespread in Enterococcus faecalis and Influences Resistance to Phagocytic Killing of E. faecalis

ABSTRACT In previous studies, we cloned a cluster of genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis (epa) from Enterococcus faecalis strain OG1RF and showed that this gene cluster mediated synthesis of a polysaccharide in Escherichia coli. Disruption of two open reading frames in the epa gene cluster of OG1RF generated two mutants, TX5179 and TX5180, which were attenuated in a mouse peritonitis model. In the current study, Western blotting was performed with serum from a patient with E. faecalis endocarditis and polysaccharide extracts from OG1RF and the mutants TX5179 and TX5180. OG1RF showed a smear in the high-molecular-weight region and discrete bands in the low-molecular-weight region, which were missing from the mutants; periodate treatment and carbohydrate staining confirmed the polysaccharide nature of this material. In a neutrophil killing assay using OG1RF-absorbed normal human serum, the mutants TX5179 and TX5180, respectively, were 50 and 2.4 times more susceptible to killing than wild-type OG1RF (P ≤ 0.01). With a fluorescence phagocytosis assay, 2.5 to 3 times more of the mutants were taken up by neutrophils than OG1RF (P ≤ 0.001). Finally, with restriction digestion and hybridization under high-stringency conditions, the epa gene cluster of OG1RF (which is also present in the sequenced E. faecalis strain V583) was detected in 12 of 12 other clonally distinct E. faecalis strains tested: a similar polysaccharide pattern was detected for the 12 strains on Western blots using an E. faecalis endocarditis patient serum, and sera from four other patients with E. faecalis endocarditis all reacted with polysaccharide extracts of OG1RF. These results indicate that the epa gene cluster is widespread among E. faecalis and confers some protection against human host defenses.
p16INK4a Status and Response to Induction Low-Dose Fractionated Radiation in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

Objective: To evaluate the impact of p16INK4a (p16) expression on clinical efficacy of induction low-dose fractionated radiation therapy (LDFRT) with concurrent chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Study Design: Historical cohort study. Setting: Tertiary medical center. Methods: A total of 66 Patients with locally advanced SCCHN were enrolled in 2 clinical trials using paclitaxel, carboplatin, and concurrent LDFRT induction therapy. Patients were evaluated for response to induction by a multidisciplinary team and then were given definitive treatment. Adequate tissue samples from the pretreatment biopsies of 42 individuals were identified and analyzed for p16 expression. Expression was correlated with clinical outcomes. Results: Of 42 tumors, 15 (35.7%) were positive for p16. Patients with p16-positive tumors had improved response to induction, but this was not statistically significant (P = .06). Five-year overall survival was 80% in p16-positive patients and 58% in p16-negative patients (P = .025). Conclusions: p16 Expression affects treatment response in patients treated with induction LDFRT with concurrent chemotherapy. This is similar to results reported for standard induction chemotherapy.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Inhibits PKM2 to Promote the Warburg Effect and Tumor Growth

Tyrosine phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase M2 gives tumor cells a metabolic advantage. A Malignant Metabolic Switch Cancer cells show aberrant metabolism, consuming more glucose than do healthy cells and producing lactate even in the presence of abundant oxygen, rather than shifting to oxidative phosphorylation. This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect, after Otto Warburg, who described it many years ago. Building on recent research implicating inhibition of the M2 isoform of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM2) by phosphotyrosine binding as critical to the Warburg effect—and tumorigenesis—Hitosugi et al. explored the role of signaling from oncogenic forms of the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 (FGFR1) in mediating this metabolic switch. They found that FGFR1, a receptor tyrosine kinase, phosphorylated a tyrosine residue (Y105) on PKM2 itself. Further analysis revealed that this tyrosine residue was commonly phosphorylated in human cancers and that a mutant form of PKM2 lacking this tyrosine residue inhibited both “Warburg metabolism” and tumor growth. They thus propose that phosphorylation of PKM2 by oncogenic tyrosine kinases provides the very phosphotyrosine that binds to and inhibits PKM2 to induce the Warburg effect and promote tumor growth. The Warburg effect describes a pro-oncogenic metabolism switch such that cancer cells take up more glucose than normal tissue and favor incomplete oxidation of glucose even in the presence of oxygen. To better understand how tyrosine kinase signaling, which is commonly increased in tumors, regulates the Warburg effect, we performed phosphoproteomic studies. We found that oncogenic forms of fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 inhibit the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) isoform by direct phosphorylation of PKM2 tyrosine residue 105 (Y105). This inhibits the formation of active, tetrameric PKM2 by disrupting binding of the PKM2 cofactor fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Furthermore, we found that phosphorylation of PKM2 Y105 is common in human cancers. The presence of a PKM2 mutant in which phenylalanine is substituted for Y105 (Y105F) in cancer cells leads to decreased cell proliferation under hypoxic conditions, increased oxidative phosphorylation with reduced lactate production, and reduced tumor growth in xenografts in nude mice. Our findings suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation regulates PKM2 to provide a metabolic advantage to tumor cells, thereby promoting tumor growth.
The novel long noncoding RNA RP11–357H14.17 acts as an oncogene by promoting cell proliferation and invasion in diffuse-type gastric cancer

Current evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in human cancers. The present study aims to assess differentially expressed lncRNAs related to diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC). Next-generation RNA sequencing was carried out to detect aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in DGC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate RP11–357H14.17 gene expression levels in DGC cell lines/tissues comparatively with normal gastric epithelial cell lines and adjacent normal tissues. The associations of RP11–357H14.17 expression levels with the clinicopathological features were also analyzed. The regulatory effects of RP11–357H14.17 on the biological behaviors of DGC cells were evaluated by MTT, colony formation assays, flow cytometry for apoptosis, wound healing assay, and transwell migration and invasion assays. RP11–357H14.17 expression was remarkably increased in DGC tissues and cell lines compared with normal gastric epithelial cells and adjacent normal tissues. High levels of RP11–357H14.17 were associated with increased tumor size, deeper depth of invasion, lymphatic metastasis, and advanced pathological stage. Further experiments demonstrated that the DGC cells MGC-803 transfected with si-RP11–357H14.17 showed reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, enhanced G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that the novel lncRNA RP11–357H14.17 is associated with poor prognosis, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and target for new antineoplastic therapies in human DGC.
Globalized Parochialism: Consequences of English as Lingua Franca in Philosophy of Science

In recent decades, English has become the uncontestable lingua franca of philosophy of science and of most other areas of philosophy and of the humanities. To have a lingua franca produces enormous benefits for the entire scientific community. The price for those benefits, however, is paid almost exclusively by non-native speakers of English (NoNES). Section 1 identifies three asymmetries that individual NoNES researchers encounter: ‘publication asymmetry’, ‘resources asymmetry’, and ‘team asymmetry’. Section 2 deals with ‘globalized parochialism asymmetry’: thanks to English being a lingua franca, a special (‘parochial’) perspective, mostly US and British, is being globalized and is replacing European topics and approaches. This has serious consequences for history of philosophy as well as for philosophical theory: thinkers of the past tend to be dealt with on the global level at best only if and insofar they are translated into English. Similarly, the theoretical agenda of globalized philosophy of science is set by—mostly American—native English speakers (NES). This way, interesting and important topics and approaches from the European continent are marginalized or completely ignored in the world of globalized parochialism. In my view, the structural asymmetry and even unfairness on the global level between NES and NoNES cannot be eliminated but only attenuated.
A Survey on Bandwidth Guaranteed Routing Techniques in Wireless Mesh Networks

A Wireless Mesh Network is defined as an infrastructure network working with in as ad hoc mode.In a multi-hop wireless mesh network, it is always preferable to choose a path with higher throughput between a pair of source /destination nodes to fully exploit the network capacity. Since Wireless Mesh Networks have emerged as a practical solution for the wireless extension of the broadband internet, finding high throughput path is important. This paper surveys the different routing approaches for wireless mesh network that using bandwidth as routing metric. It discusses the problem statement, approach and the result obtaining on these methods.
Aneurysm Wall Stress and Tendency to Rupture are Features of Physical Wall Properties: An Experimental Study

Purpose: To use bench top techniques to examine the biophysical phenomena affecting the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture relative to the physical properties of the aneurysm sac. Methods: Three latex AAAs with different wall elasticities were tested in a validated pulsatile flow model (PFM). Strain gauges were wired to each AAA model at the neck, inflection point, and at the maximum diameter. In initial studies, the influence of pressurization and the mechanical properties of AAA wall stress were evaluated. In subsequent studies, the latex AAAs were excluded with a tube graft and retested in the PFM. After creation of either a type I or II endoleak of known size and pressure, the systemic/intrasac pressure and the AAA wall stress were measured. Results: Each model had a complex wall-stress pattern comprising radial, longitudinal, and shear components. The peak wall stress at any point, in the presence of systemic pressurization or endoleak pressure, only reached 1% of the failure strength. In an AAA with a reinforced wall, the peak stress was significantly greater. Statistical analysis showed that wall strength contributed more significantly to wall stress than increasing pressurization within the AAA sac. Conclusions: AAA wall mechanics contribute more significantly to peak wall stress than pressure variations within the system. In particular, increased stiffness (analogous to collagen deposition) significantly increased peak wall stress, which was located at the inflection point rather than at the maximum diameter. Techniques to measure the AAA wall mechanics and the rate of deterioration may predict AAA rupture in the untreated state or in the presence of an endoleak following endovascular repair.
[Preliminary application of injectable calcium phosphate cement/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for extraction site preservation].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of extraction site preservation using injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) combine with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. METHODS Immediate extraction defects models were created in canine mandibles, and the defects were filled with CPC/PLGA (experimental group, E) , Bio-Oss (positive control, P), non-treatment (blank control, B) respectively. Dogs were sacrificed after 4, 8, 12 weeks post operation. Statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS 19. RESULTS RESULTS of radiological observation showed that there were not significantly different between groups in 4 and 8 week (P > 0.05). After 12 week,E (114.9 ± 8.4) were not significantly different compared with P (117.4 ± 12.1) (P > 0.05) , both were significantly higher than B (95.0 ± 12.6) (P < 0.05) . Histology examination showed that at 4 week following surgery, the result of newly formed bone was as follow, P[ (87.5 ± 1.5) %] > B[(78.7 ± 2.7)%] > E[(69.2 ± 1.8)%] (P < 0.05). At 8, 12 week, results of P[(94.0 ± 2.3)% and (93.5 ± 1.9) %] and E[ (94.7 ± 1.1) % and (96.0 ± 0.9) %] were better than those of B[ (76.8 ± 3.0)% and (87.0 ± 2.4)%] (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The effect of CPC/PLGA repair immediate alveolar ridge defects is the same as that of Bio-Oss, and CPC/PLGA can be used as a material in extraction site preservation.