Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Value of early application of different doses of amino acids in parenteral nutrition among preterm infants].

OBJECTIVE To study the short-term response and tolerance of different doses of amino acids in parenteral nutrition among preterm infants. METHODS This study included 86 preterm infants who had a birth weight between 1 000 to 2 000 g and were admitted to the hospital within 24 hours of birth between March 2013 and June 2014. According to the early application of different doses of amino acids, they were randomized into low-dose group (n=29, 1.0 g/kg per day with an increase of 1.0 g/kg daily and a maximum of 3.5 g/kg per day), medium-dose group (n=28, 2.0 g/kg per day with an increase of 1.0 g/kg daily and a maximum of 3.7 g/kg per day), and high-dose group (n=29, 3.0 g/kg per day with an increase of 0.5-1.0 g/kg daily and a maximum of 4.0 g/kg per day). Other routine parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition support were also applied. RESULTS The maximum weight loss was lower and the growth rate of head circumference was greater in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (P<0.05). The infants in the medium- and high-dose groups had faster recovery of birth weight, earlier attainment of 100 kcal/(kg·d) of enteral nutrition, shorter duration of hospital stay, and less hospital cost than those in the low-dose group (P<0.05). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the high-dose group increased compared with the other two groups 7 days after birth (P<0.05). The levels of creatinine, pH, bicarbonate, bilirubin, and transaminase and the incidence of complications showed no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Parenteral administration of high-dose amino acids in preterm infants within 24 hours after birth can improve the short-term nutritional status of preterm infants, but there is a transient increase in BUN level.
Teaching students to critically evaluate the quality of Internet research resources

The Internet offers a host of high-quality research material in computer science---and, unfortunately, some very low quality resources as well. As part of learning the research process, students should be taught to critically evaluate the quality of all documents that they use. This paper discusses the application of document evaluation criteria to WWW resources, and describes activities for including quality evaluation in a course on research methods.
Doping in Cyclism: Results of Unannounced Controls in Flanders (1987-1994)

Unannounced doping control in cyclism, the most favourite sport in Flanders, resulted in 7.8% positive cases in 4374 analysed samples during the period 1987-1994. Ephedrines, amphetamine and nandrolone were frequently misused and polydrug abuse including ephedrines and amphetamine seemed to be very popular. The abuse of methamphetamine, methylphenidate and pemoline, formerly favourite drugs in cyclists is decreasing while prolintane, codeine and the anabolic steroids nandrolone and testosterone were more frequently detected. The misuse of forbidden substances by athletes competing in the official Belgian Cyclist Federation and in amateur federations was 5.8% and 8.9%, respectively. Several cyclists however attempted to circumvent doping control.
Evaluation of pharmacological aids on physical performance after a transmeridian flight.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical performance (static and dynamic) of U.S. Air Force reservists after an eastbound air travel across seven time zones and to estimate the pharmacological aids slow-release caffeine and melatonin versus placebo in attempt to overcome the decline in performance. METHODS 27 American volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: caffeine 300 mg, melatonin 5 mg, and placebo (lactose capsules). Two days before the flight and 10 d after, three tests were performed: hand grip strength test (static performance), squat jump test (maximal height), and multiple jump test (power and endurance). All measures were repeated twice a day: morning and afternoon. RESULTS In placebo conditions, the static performance of the dominant hand decreased significantly during the first three mornings and tended to decrease the fourth morning. Simultaneously, the caffeine group's static performance increased significantly, whereas the melatonin group maintained its levels. No significant differences were observed the afternoons. No statistical differences appeared for the nondominant hand in the mornings or afternoons. Dynamic capacities presented no significant degradation after the travel. In the placebo group, for the squat jump test, performance increased from the fourth day. No real explanation can be given about this result. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that slow-release caffeine and melatonin might be used to compensate for jet-lag troubles and particularly for the static physical performance decrease. The slow-release caffeine seems to be the best treatment, but its effects are only demonstrated on previously damaged performance. These preliminary results need further investigation, but we are the first to report a beneficial effect of slow-release caffeine and melatonin on physical performances after jet-lag.
Fabrication and use of a transient contractional flow device to quantify the sensitivity of mammalian and insect cells to hydrodynamic forces

A microfluidic device was fabricated via photolithographic techniques which can create transient elongational and shear forces ranging over three orders of magnitude while still maintaining laminar flow conditions. The contractional fluid flow inside the microfluidic device was simulated with FLUENT (a computational fluid dynamics computer program) and the local deformation forces were characterized with the scalar quantity, local energy dissipation rate. The sensitivities of four cell lines (CHO, HB‐24, Sf‐9, and MCF7) were tested in the device. The results indicate that all four cell lines are able to withstand relatively intense energy dissipation rates (up to 104–105 kW/m3), which is orders of magnitude higher than the maximum local energy dissipation rates generated by impellers in bioreactors, but comparable to that associated with small bursting bubbles. While the concept that suspended animal cells are relatively robust with respect to purely hydrodynamic forces in bioprocess equipment is well known, these results quantitatively demonstrate these observations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 428–437, 2002.
Soviet Success Indicators and the Evaluation of divisional Management

The corporate headquarters in a large divisionalized firm and a planning bureau of a centralized economy face many similar problems of coordination and control. One important problem is to provide division or enterprise managers with incentives both to act in congruence with the goals of the center and to transmit accurate information so that the center's coordinating decisions may be enhanced. In order to provide managers with the proper incentives, Soviet planners and Western firms have used success indicators (or performance indicators, as they have been referred to in the accounting literature) as a basis for rewarding managers. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the research on Soviet success indicators with the study of such indicators in the accounting literature, and to suggest a new indicator for use in properly motivating enterprise or divisional management. The analysis proceeds by assuming that each division manager possesses perfect knowledge of his own division's technology and the market conditions it faces. Each division's profits, however, depend upon certain coordinating decisions taken by the center (e.g., the allocation of capital). The center is assumed to be at least partially ignorant about the operations of the divisions and to rely on information from the divisions in making coordinating decisions. In this setting, where perfect information is available, problems of risk aversion and risk sharing do not arise and a rather minimal test for motivating accurate profit forecasts is given. Specifically, a performance indicator should have the property that if a manager is rewarded on the basis of this indicator and if he has perfect knowledge of his profit function, he should be motivated to send accurate estimates of that function.
Impact of FII Flows on Indian Capital Market

The progress and prosperity of a nation is reflected by the pace of its sustained economic growth and development which is provided by investment. Not only foreign exchange domestic savings but the magnitude and quality of foreign investment is also necessary for the well being of a country. The Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) have emerged as important players in the Indian equity market in the recent past and are gradually becoming one of the major factors that contribute towards the growth of the financial markets, more so in developing economies like India. The main objective was to study the effect of FII flow on capital markets, extent of Granger Causality between FII flows and capital market growth and lead-lag relationship between FII flows and NSE Nifty. The database used for the study is composed of the monthly data of FII flow and NSE Nifty. While selecting the sample certain criteria were followed. While collecting data for FII flows, data pertaining to the equity investment only was used. The data used was collected integration have been computed with the help of Gretl and other relevant software available for statistical analysis. The results of the study did imply that FII investment and NIFITY were influenced by various other macroeconomic fundamentals on the basis of which growth were studied and in any way did not have any causal relationship with each other.
Distributed Computer Architecture and Fast Parallel Algorithms in Real-Time Robot Control

Control algorithms for accurate and fast moving robots require computations based on the complete dynamic model of the robot. These computations are time consuming due to the high degree of coupling between robot links and the nonlinear dependence of the robot's dynamic characteristics on orientation of the links. A method for processing the dynamic control equations in real-time by using parallel computation is described. The recursive Newton-Euler equations are distributed over multiple computing elements, one for each joint. Concurrency is achieved by substituting "predicted" values for the actual values of variables involved in the recursive equations. The method has been simulated and compared to other approaches to this problem such as simplification of the dynamic equations. The experimental results have shown that the errors introduced by prediction are relatively small and compare very favorably to other techniques. The computer architecture and algorithms presented offer a practical way to implement the control algorithms with relatively inexpensive computing devices.
Nut allergy in schoolchildren: a survey of schools in the Severn NHS Trust

Aims: To assess the extent of the problem of nut allergy in schoolchildren within the Severn NHS Trust. To determine how well informed schools are about the condition, their policies and attitudes, and the action that would be taken in the event of an acute reaction. Methods: A questionnaire addressed to the head teacher was sent to 100 randomly selected mainstream schools in the Severn NHS Trust. Results: Response rate was 83%. There were a total of 21 868 pupils in the schools. Forty five (54%) schools had at least one child currently known to be allergic. The total in all the schools was 87 (0.4%). Only 31 (36%) children had medication available in school. Of these, 18 (58%) had EpiPen alone. Twenty schools (44%) with an allergic child either had no staff trained to administer medication or did not respond to the question. Two (4%) schools with an allergic child had a support assistant for the pupils. Only 19 (43%) schools with a nut allergic child gave information to all teachers about nut allergy and only 21 (47%) gave information to dinner supervisors and other assistants. In only 23 (51%) schools with an allergic child were the cook and catering staff aware of all the children with a nut allergy. Ten (22%) schools with an allergic child served only “nut free dinners”. Fourteen (31%) schools with a nut allergic child could not name a single sign of a mild acute allergic reaction (compared to 34 (89%) schools without an allergic child). Fifteen (33%) schools with an allergic child could not state a single sign of a severe acute allergic reaction (compared with 33 (87%) schools without a nut allergic child). Conclusion: Schools are not sufficiently well informed about nut allergy and management of acute allergic reactions. Policies and attitudes vary. We have revised the information given to schools regarding nut allergy and prepared a new information pack.
Multilocation trial of ceftiofur for treatment of postpartum cows with fever.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of ceftiofur for treatment of postpartum cows with fever. DESIGN Multilocation randomized complete block design trial. ANIMALS 330 cows. PROCEDURE Cows with rectal temperature > or = 39.5 C (103.1 F) during the first 10 postpartum days were randomly assigned to a treatment (ceftiofur; 1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb] of body weight daily for 3 days) or untreated control group. Cure (no additional or alternative antimicrobial treatment used, rectal temperature < 39.5 C, and no other concurrent clinical signs of disease when evaluated at 9 or 10 days after enrollment), milk production, and rectal temperature were evaluated. RESULTS Ceftiofur-treated cows were significantly more likely to be cured than control cows (56.0 vs 28.9%, respectively), with an odds ratio of 3.14 when vaginal discharge (a factor with moderate interaction with treatment) was present at enrollment. Among cows that had an abnormal calving (a significant interaction factor), treated cows had first milking yield 2.27 kg (5 lb) greater than control cows. Treated cows had a significantly greater reduction in rectal temperature (1.19 C [2.14 Fl), compared with control cows (1.04 C [1.87 F]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Parenteral administration of ceftiofur significantly improved cure rate, milk yield, and rectal temperature in postpartum cows with fever and vaginal discharge or dystocia. These findings provide information to determine appropriate treatment for postpartum cows, which for years has been debated in the dairy industry.
Synphilin‐1 is present in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease

α‐Synuclein is believed to play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the α‐synuclein gene are responsible for familial forms of PD and α‐synuclein protein is a major component of Lewy bodies in patients with sporadic PD. Synphilin‐1 is a novel protein that we have previously found to associate in vivo with α‐synuclein. We now show that synphilin‐1 is present in Lewy bodies of patients with PD. Our data suggest that synphilin‐1 could play a role in Lewy body formation and the pathogenesis of PD. Ann Neurol 2000;47:521–523.
In vitro analysis of the interactions between preadipocytes and endothelial cells in a 3D fibrin matrix

The volume‐persistent survival of transplanted adipose tissue in vivo relies on early vascularization, due to an otherwise early induction of apoptosis of the centrally located cells. Thus, one way to enable the early formation of a capillary network resulting in a sufficient perfusion of the transplanted construct might be the co‐transplantation of autologous preadipocytes with endothelial cells. To investigate preadipocyte–endothelial cell interaction, three‐dimensional proliferation‐ and angiogenesis assays were performed in vitro. Proliferation rates of co‐cultured endothelial cells and preadipocytes suspended in a fibrin matrix were elucidated by Alamarblue assays. The spheroid angiogenesis model was applied for analyzing the effects of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (produced by preadipocytes) as well as the impact of cell‐cell interaction between preadipocytes and endothelial cells and fibrin matrix on endothelial cell migration. Preadipocytes proliferated in fibrin glue, whereas endothelial cells underwent apoptosis. By co‐culturing, both cell types demonstrated an increased proliferation rate. Preadipocytes provoked migration of endothelial cells. Blocking bFGF and/or VEGF led to a significant decrease of migration. Changes in fibrin structure were followed by migration of single cells instead of sprouting. An appropriate fibrin matrix as well as already differentiated endothelial cells are necessary for preadipocytes to develop their angiogenic activity via bFGF and VEGF.
Thalidomide-associated arterial thrombosis: two case reports.

Introduction Thalidomide was used as a sedative in the 1950s and was withdrawn from the market after initial reports of teratogenicity in 1961. In 1998, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug as a treatment for erythema nodosum leprosum. The finding of increased angiogenesis in myeloma, coupled with the recognition of the antiangiogenic properties of thalidomide, led to the first clinical trial of this drug for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) at the University of Arkansas.1 Besides teratogenicity, other important toxicities are peripheral neuropathy, rash, sedation, constipation, fatigue, pruritis, and hypothyroidism.With the increasing use of thalidomide as initial therapy for MM, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and other thrombotic events have also emerged as major adverse events.2,3 The incidence of DVT is only 1% to 3% in patients receiving the drug in combination with dexamethasone and about 25% in patients receiving the drug in combination with other cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, particularly doxorubicin.1 While there are several reports of venous thrombotic events related to thalidomide use, there are few reports pertaining to the arterial thrombotic events during thalidomide therapy.2,3 We herein describe 2 patients complicated by an arterial thrombosis induced by thalidomide therapy which was administered for MM. The absence of history of thrombosis prior to thalidomide therapy, the intensity of thrombotic event, and the short interval between initiation of thalidomide and the occurence of arterial vascular event were remarkable. In this report, we have noted the risk of arterial thrombosis during thalidomide therapy.
Fuzzy neural networks with reference neurons as pattern classifiers

A heterogeneous neural network consisting of logic neurons and realizing mappings in [0, 1] hypercubes is presented. The two kinds of neurons studied are utilized to perform matching functions (equality or reference neurons) and aggregation operations (aggregation neurons). All computations are driven by logic operations widely used in fuzzy set theory. The network is heterogeneous in its nature and includes two types of neurons organized into a structure detecting individual regions of patterns (using reference neurons) and combining them to yield a final classification decision.
APOE ɛ4 constrains engagement of encoding‐related compensatory networks in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

People with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), compared to healthy older adults (HO), benefit less from semantic congruent cues during episodic encoding. The presence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 makes this congruency benefit smaller, but the neural correlates of this deficit are unknown. Here, we estimated the source generators of EEG oscillatory activity associated with successful encoding of face‐location associations preceded by semantically congruent and incongruent cues in HO (N = 26) and aMCI subjects (N = 34), 16 of which were ɛ4 carriers (ɛ4+) and 18 ɛ4 noncarriers (ɛ4−). Source estimation was performed in those spectrotemporal windows where the power of low‐alpha, high‐alpha, and beta oscillatory activity differed either between congruent and incongruent faces or between groups. Differences in high‐alpha and beta‐oscillatory dynamics indicated that aMCI ɛ4+ are unable to activate lateral regions of the temporal lobe involved in associative memory and congruency benefit in HO. Interestingly, and regardless of APOE genotype, aMCI activated additional regions relative to HO, through alpha oscillations. However, only activation in a distributed fronto‐temporo‐parietal network in ɛ4 noncarriers was paralleled by enhanced memory. On the contrary, the redundant prefrontal activation shown by aMCI ɛ4+ did not prevent performance from decreasing. These results indicate that the effect of aMCI‐related degeneracy on functional networks is constrained by the presence of APOE ɛ4. Whereas individuals with aMCI ɛ4− activate attentional, perceptual and semantic compensatory networks, aMCI ɛ4+ show reduced processing efficiency and capacity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lost Productive Time and Costs Due to Diabetes and Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in the US Workforce

Objective: Estimate the impact of diabetes and neuropathic pain on the US workforce. Methods: Data on lost productive time (LPT) was collected by telephone interview in a random sample of the US population (N = 36,634). Of 19,075 occupation-eligible working adults included in the analysis, 1003 reported a physician diagnosis of diabetes; 38% of these reported numbness or tingling in feet or hands due to diabetes (symptom group). We compared diabetes respondents with and without symptoms to other respondents for LPT and related cost. Results: Health-related LPT was 18% higher in the symptom (P < 0.05) and 5% higher in the non-symptom (P < 0.05) groups versus for those without diabetes. The symptom group lost 1.4 hours of work per week more than the non-symptom group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Workers who have diabetes with neuropathic symptoms lose the equivalent of $3.65 billion/yr in health-related LPT.
Microwave performance of AlGaN/GaN inverted MODFET's

A continuous wave output power of 1.5 W/mm with a power added efficiency of 17.5% has been achieved at 4 GHz in inverted AlGaN/GaN MODFET's (IMODFET's) with 2 /spl mu/m gate lengths and 78 /spl mu/m gate widths. The current gain and available power gain cutoff frequencies were 6 and 11 GHz, respectively. We suggest that the input characteristics of GaN-based FET's play an important role in the output power that can be obtained. In the present devices, high transconductance, 100 mS/mm, retained over a 5 V input swing is thought to alleviate the limitations imposed by the input characteristics. Moreover, the buried AlGaN buffer layer is suggested as having assisted in the reduction of the output conductance which aids the power gain.
InSb heterostructure nanowires: MOVPE growth under extreme lattice mismatch

We demonstrate the growth of InSb-based nanowire heterostructures by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy and use it to integrate InSb on extremely lattice-mismatched III–V nanowire templates made of InAs, InP, and GaAs. Influence of temperature, V/III ratio, and diameter are investigated in order to investigate the growth rate and morphology. The range of growth temperatures used for InSb nanowire growth is very similar to that used for planar growth due to the nature of the precursor decomposition. This makes optimization of growth parameters very important, and more difficult than for most other nanowire III–V materials. Analysis of the InSb nanowire epitaxial quality when grown on InAs, InP, and GaAs, along with InSb segment and particle compositions are reported. This successful direct integration of InSb nanowires, on nanowire templates with unprecedented strain levels show great promise for fabrication of vertical InSb devices.