Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiometabolic Parameters 3 Years After Switch to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine vs Maintenance of Tenofovir Alafenamide–Based Regimens

Abstract Background Cardiometabolic outcomes were investigated 3 years after switching to the 2-drug regimen dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) vs continuing 3-/4-drug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)–based regimens in a multicenter phase 3 noninferiority study based on an open-label randomized design. Method Adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 switched to once-daily DTG/3TC (n = 369) or continued TAF-based regimens (n = 372). Cardiometabolic health parameters were assessed through week 144 via mixed-model repeated measures or logistic regression analyses, adjusting for baseline variables. Results At week 144, 13% (42/316) of the DTG/3TC group and 12% (37/303) of the TAF-based regimen group had ≥10% weight gain from baseline (adjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, .68–1.80). Adjusted change from baseline in serum leptin, a surrogate marker of adiposity, was similar between groups (treatment ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, .89–1.13). The lipid profile generally favored DTG/3TC in the baseline boosted subgroup. Adjusted odds revealed no clinically meaningful differences between groups: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ≥2 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, .50–1.26), metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation criteria, 0.99; .59–1.68), hepatic fibrosis (fibrosis-4 index score ≥1.45, 1.39; .63–3.06), and coronary artery disease risk (Framingham risk score ≥10%, 0.92; .56–1.49). Baseline variables and characteristics associated with odds of each cardiometabolic parameter outcome were consistent with known risk factors, including age, sex, race, and some disease characteristics. Conclusions Cardiometabolic health 3 years after switching to DTG/3TC was comparable to that for individuals continuing TAF-based regimens, further supporting DTG/3TC as a robust switch option with a stable metabolic profile. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03446573
Does Speculation Belong in Social Science Research?

This article addresses the following question: Can speculation be used in social science research or should this not be an option? The secondary literature on speculation, which is minimal, is presented and discussed. It is noted that natural scientists often differentiate between a scientific form of speculation and the old metaphysical form of speculation. Following the lead of Charles Lave and James March in An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences, close attention is also paid to the kind of speculation that is part of ordinary research, as opposed to the extraordinary type of speculation that can be found in the work of geniuses like Newton or Galileo. An attempt is then made to outline situations in which it is not only helpful but also necessary to speculate in social science. It is concluded that speculation is an important tool for social scientists if used with caution.
The Potential of Xylooligosaccharides as Prebiotics and Their Sustainable Production from Agro-Industrial by-Products

In recent years, concerns about a good-quality diet have increased. Food supplements such as prebiotics have great nutritional and health benefits. Within the diverse range of prebiotics, xylooligosaccharides (XOs) show high potential, presenting exceptional properties for the prevention of systemic disorders. XOs can be found in different natural sources; however, their production is limited. Lignocellulosic biomasses present a high potential as a source of raw material for the production of XOs, making the agro-industrial by-products the perfect candidates for production on an industrial scale. However, these biomasses require the application of physicochemical pretreatments to obtain XOs. Different pretreatment methodologies are discussed in terms of increasing the production of XOs and limiting the coproduction of toxic compounds. The advance in new technologies for XOs production could decrease their real cost (USD 25–50/kg) on an industrial scale and would increase the volume of market transactions in the prebiotic sector (USD 4.5 billion). In this sense, new patents and innovations are being strategically developed to expand the use of XOs as daily prebiotics.
Social quality based on ecotourism and creative economy in a language tourism village in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Language Tourism Villages have the potential to be developed in areas of cultural diversity, ecotourism activities, and the creative economy. Local wisdom and cultural events can enhance the creativity of a community and give economic value to rural communities. This research aims to describe how the synergy between ecotourism and the creative economy improves social quality. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and focus group discussions. Data analysis uses an interactive model which includes the stages of data reduction, presentation, and conclusions. Results show that in the process of empowerment of a poor (powerless) community to become an independent community, based on ecotourism and the creative economy, the community becomes highly strategic in finding social quality when its activities start to move from those of a powerless community to an independent community.
First-principles calculations to investigate structural, optical and electronic properties of ZrO2, Zr0.93Si0.07O2 and Zr0.86Si0.14O2 for dye-sensitised solar cells applications

ABSTRACT Initially, density approximations and generalised gradient approximations (GGA) functional of DFT were executed to determine the electronic structure where the non-local functionals of GGA obtained more close value of reference value, so that GGA method was used to calculate the band structures, DOS, PDOS and optical properties of ZrO2, Zr0.93Si0. 07O2 and Zr0.86Si0. 14O2 using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE), Revised Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (RPBE), Perdew Wang (PW91), and Wu-Cohen. The transferability of electrons is completely related to PseudoPotential (PP), where four methods, such as OTFG ultra-soft, OTFG norm-conserving, ultra-soft, and norm-conserving, were used in this study. Finally, the norm-conserving PP has been selected as the most accurate method for determination of electronic structure. In addition, to assess the nature of orbital, the DOS and PDOS were additionally simulated and even the optical properties of crystals were calculated. Furthermore, the chemical reactivity, such as HOMO and LUMO, quantum properties, is justified where doping can have a vast effect as well as the open circuit voltage (Voc) is increased after doping. Finally, the toxicity data from in silico study refers to us that these are non-toxic or non-carcinogenic materials with not readily biodegradable status.
Modulation of vestibular input by short-term head-down bed rest affects somatosensory perception: implications for space missions

Introduction On Earth, self-produced somatosensory stimuli are typically perceived as less intense than externally generated stimuli of the same intensity, a phenomenon referred to as somatosensory attenuation (SA). Although this phenomenon arises from the integration of multisensory signals, the specific contribution of the vestibular system and the sense of gravity to somatosensory cognition underlying distinction between self-generated and externally generated sensations remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether temporary modulation of the gravitational input by head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR)–a well-known Earth-based analog of microgravity—might significantly affect somatosensory perception of self- and externally generated stimuli. Methods In this study, 40 healthy participants were tested using short-term HDBR. Participants received a total of 40 non-painful self- and others generated electrical stimuli (20 self- and 20 other-generated stimuli) in an upright and HDBR position while blindfolded. After each stimulus, they were asked to rate the perceived intensity of the stimulation on a Likert scale. Results Somatosensory stimulations were perceived as significantly less intense during HDBR compared to upright position, regardless of the agent administering the stimulus. In addition, the magnitude of SA in upright position was negatively correlated with the participants’ somatosensory threshold. Based on the direction of SA in the upright position, participants were divided in two subgroups. In the subgroup experiencing SA, the intensity rating of stimulations generated by others decreased significantly during HDBR, leading to the disappearance of the phenomenon of SA. In the second subgroup, on the other hand, reversed SA was not affected by HDBR. Conclusion Modulation of the gravitational input by HDBR produced underestimation of somatosensory stimuli. Furthermore, in participants experiencing SA, the reduction of vestibular inputs by HDBR led to the disappearance of the SA phenomenon. These findings provide new insights into the role of the gravitational input in somatosensory perception and have important implications for astronauts who are exposed to weightlessness during space missions.
Another Warning About Median Reaction Time

Contrary to the warning of Miller (1988), Rousselet and Wilcox (2020) argued that it is better to summarize each participant's single-trial reaction times (RTs) in a given condition with the median than with the mean when comparing the central tendencies of RT distributions across experimental conditions. They acknowledged that median RTs can produce inflated Type~I error rates when conditions differ in the number of trials tested, consistent with Miller's warning, but they showed that the bias responsible for this error rate inflation could be eliminated with a bootstrap bias correction technique. The present simulations extend their analysis by examining the power of bias-corrected medians to detect true experimental effects and by comparing this power with the power of analyses using means and regular medians. Unfortunately, although bias corrected medians solve the problem of inflated Type~I error rates, their power is lower than that of means or regular medians in many realistic situations. In addition, even when conditions do not differ in the number of trials tested, the power of tests (e.g., t-tests) is generally lower using medians rather than means as the summary measures. Thus, the present simulations demonstrate that summary means will often provide the most powerful test for differences between conditions, and they show what aspects of the RT distributions determine the size of the power advantage for means.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ELEMENTS IN GAME-BASED ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR DYSLEXIC CHILDREN

Game-Based Language Learning (GBLL) has been proven an effective approach tool to improve learning and has become a widely used teaching aid to maintain engagement and motivation in learners. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify the framework elements of Game-Based Arabic Language Learning (GBALL) for Dyslexic Children. Although previous research has addressed various guidelines and frameworks for educational tools in Arabic language learning, however, only few studies focus on dyslexic children. The methodology used in this paper is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by Kitchenham (2004) and Kitchenham and Charters (2007). A selection of relevant research was performed to achieve the research objectives. The selected online open sources databases involved as are primary resources: Google Scholar, ResearchGate, UM Student Repository, Open Access Theses and Dissertation (OATD). Scientific publications and journals, conference proceedings, and technical papers are found in well-known online databases that include a complete citation and reference analysis. Based on a systematic review process, the researchers reported and discussed findings with possible future research directions. A total of 18 studies were selected, which revealed two themes: the multimedia elements of game-based language learning for dyslexic children and the Arabic language learning elements for dyslexic children. The results of this study can be applied as a guideline for educational tools for dyslexic children in Arabic language learning. Keywords: framework design, elements, guidelines, game-based Arabic language learning for dyslexic children, game-based learning, dyslexia language learning Cite as: Noor Azli, M. M. , 2Ghazali, Z. , Einannabella, N. , Asrina Suriani, M. Y. , Muhammad Sabri, S. , & Sarifah Nurhanum, S. S. (2023). A systematic review of elements in game-based Arabic language learning framework for Dyslexic children. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 8(2), 332-351. http://dx.doi. org/10.24200/jonus.vol8iss2pp332-351
Regionally Resolved Diagnostic of Transport: A Simplified Forward Model for CO2

AbstractSimply diagnostic tools are useful to understand transport processes in complex chemistry transport models (CTMs). For this purpose, a combined use of the air-mass origin fractions (AOFs) and regionally resolved mean ages (RMAs) is presented. This approach merges the concept of the origin of air with the well-known theory of the mean age of air (AoA) for different regions covering the whole Earth. We show how the AoA calculated relative to the Earth’s surface can be decomposed into regionally resolved components (i.e. into RMAs). Using both AOFs and RMAs, we discuss differences in the seasonality of transport from the northern and southern hemispheres into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), the asymmetries of the interhemispheric exchange as well as differences in relation to the continental or oceanic origin of air. Furthermore, a simplified transport model for a chemically passive species (tracer) is formulated, which has some potential to approximate the full transport within a CTM. This anal.
The Value of Numbers in Clinical Text Classification

Clinical text often includes numbers of various types and formats. However, most current text classification approaches do not take advantage of these numbers. This study aims to demonstrate that using numbers as features can significantly improve the performance of text classification models. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of extracting such features from clinical text. Unsupervised learning was used to identify patterns of number usage in clinical text. These patterns were analyzed manually and converted into pattern-matching rules. Information extraction was used to incorporate numbers as features into a document representation model. We evaluated text classification models trained on such representation. Our experiments were performed with two document representation models (vector space model and word embedding model) and two classification models (support vector machines and neural networks). The results showed that even a handful of numerical features can significantly improve text classification performance. We conclude that commonly used document representations do not represent numbers in a way that machine learning algorithms can effectively utilize them as features. Although we demonstrated that traditional information extraction can be effective in converting numbers into features, further community-wide research is required to systematically incorporate number representation into the word embedding process.
Influence of ion outflow in coupled geospace simulations: 1. Physics‐based ion outflow model development and sensitivity study

We describe a coupled geospace model that includes causally regulated ion outflow from a physics‐based ionosphere/polar wind model. The model two‐way couples the multifluid Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model to the ionosphere/polar wind model (IPWM). IPWM includes the H+ and O+ polar wind as well as a phenomenological treatment of energetic O+ accelerated by wave‐particle interactions (WPI). Alfvénic Poynting flux from the MHD simulation causally regulates the ion acceleration. The wave‐particle interactions (WPI) model has been tuned and validated with comparisons to particle‐in‐cell simulations and empirical relationships derived from Fast Auroral Snapshot satellite data. IPWM captures many aspects of the ion outflow that empirical relationships miss. First, the entire coupled model conserves mass between the ionospheric and magnetospheric portions, meaning the amount of outflow produced is limited by realistic photochemistry in the ionosphere. Second, under intense driving conditions, the outflow becomes flux limited by what the ionosphere is capable of providing. Furthermore, the outflows produced exhibit realistic temporal and spatial delays relative to the magnetospheric energy inputs. The coupled model provides a flexible way to explore the impacts of dynamic heavy ion outflow on the coupled geospace system. Some of the example simulations presented exhibit internally driven sawtooth oscillations associated with the outflow, and the properties of these oscillations are analyzed further in a companion paper.
3-Total Sum Cordial Labeling on Some New Graphs

Let \(G=(V,E)\) be a graph with vertex set \(V\) and edge set \(E\). Consider a vertex labeling \(f:V(G)\to \{0,1,2\}\) such that each edge \(uv\) assign the label \((f(u)+f(v))\ (\{{\rm mod}\ 3)\). The map \(f\) is called a 3-total sum cordial labeling if \(|f(i)-f(j)|\le 1\), for \(i,j \in \{0,1,2\}\) where \(f(x)\) denotes the total number of vertices and edges labeled with \(x=\{0,1,2\}\). Any graph which satisfied 3-total sum cordial labeling is called a 3-total sum cordial graph. Here we prove some graphs like wheel, globe and a graph obtained by switching and duplication of arbitrary vertex of a cycle are 3-total sum cordial graphs.
An exploration of risk factors in a community sample of low socioeconomic status youth in South Africa

Youth in low socioeconomic status communities experience multiple risks which disrupts their emotional, cognitive, and psychological development. In South Africa, there is a tacit acceptance of risk constructs as researched globally. This study examines risk occurrence with the aim of identifying and examining the uniqueness of risks in a community sample of youth. Data were collected from youth and their maternal caregivers through interviews and standardized instruments. Youth from grade 7 and grade 10, 9 to 18 years (M = 13.11; SD = 1.54) were recruited. Sixty-five percent were female. Thirty-five frequent risk factors were identified using a z-test for proportion of means. Five risk factors, namely, low household income, race, English not being the primary home language of the parent, low maternal self-esteem, and low dyadic satisfaction, emerged as significant risks. Other risk factors (e.g., single-parent household), which feature prominently in international studies, did not emerge as significantly present. While risk occurrence in our sample shares commonalities with international trends, our study further highlights how risk is underscored and shaped by South Africa’s socioeconomic and political history. We argue that traditional concepts, like family, race, and language require conceptual review when undertaking research and developing policies and interventions that are relevant to South African communities.
Distributed robust output consensus for linear multi‐agent systems with input time‐varying delays and parameter uncertainties

This study addresses the leader-tracking problem for linear multi-agent systems in the presence of both parameter model uncertainties and time-varying communication delays. To solve the robust output consensus problem, a delayed distributed proportional-integral-derivative control is proposed and the overall closed-loop stability is proven by exploiting the Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory. Delay-dependent robust stability conditions are given via linear matrix inequalities which allow the proper tuning of robust control gains. The effectiveness of the theoretical derivation is confirmed through a numerical analysis in the practical application domain of cooperative driving for connected vehicles.
Implicit and explicit images of the United States among left-wing and right-wing Italians

Research findings on Image Theory show that political orientation moderates Italians’ endorsement of explicit images of America; in fact, left-wingers see Americans as barbarians, while right-wingers describe them according to the images of father and ally. The present study aims at investigating whether the same divide occurs when images are assessed implicitly. Implicit attitudes and beliefs reflect introspectively unidentified traces of past experience, and it is thus possible that the largely common socialization of left-wing and right-wing Italians results in similar implicit images of America. Results replicated previous differences found at the explicit level. At the implicit level, however, no difference between left-wingers and right-wingers was revealed: for both groups, America was implicitly associated with the image of father. Thus, for left-wing participants, a case of dissociation between explicit and implicit images was detected. Implications of findings for Image Theory and the prediction of intergroup relations are discussed.
A type of new consensus protocol for two-dimension multi-agent systems

A type of new consensus protocol for a two-dimension multi-agent system (MAS) is proposed. By introducing the conventional MAS and protocol, a dynamic equation of the first-order two-dimension MAS is proposed. then a new protocol with its Laplacian matrix is adopted. According to two types possible roots of character equations, two lemmas are proposed to show consensus asymptotical conditions. Furthermore, the convergence conditions of parameters are analyzed. Several simulated examples illustrate that consensus is achieved if the convergence conditions are satisfied.
Effects of Pivot Location and Reduced Pitch Rate on Pitching Rectangular Flat Plates

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the unsteady flow about pitching flat plates. Hydrodynamic force and two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements are reported for three pivot locations (leading edge, midchord, and trailing edge), reduced pitch rates from 0.022 to 0.39, and in still water, which corresponds to infinite reduced pitch rate. The wing has rectangular planform with effective aspect ratio 4, and the wing pitching motion is from 0 to 45 deg angle of attack. The relation between hydrodynamic force and vortical flow development as a function of pivot location and reduced pitch rate is discussed. Reasonable agreement is found between measured hydrodynamic force and quasi-steady potential flow theoretical results. Several vortical flow features are identified and discussed, including 1) the effect of pivot location and pitch acceleration on formation and evolution of vortical structures, 2) the impact of interaction between vortical flow structures on hy.