Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOCIOPHYSICS: A REVIEW OF GALAM MODELS

We review a series of models of sociophysics introduced by Galam and Galam et al. in the last 25 years. The models are divided into five different classes, which deal respectively with democratic voting in bottom-up hierarchical systems, decision making, fragmentation versus coalitions, terrorism and opinion dynamics. For each class the connexion to the original physical model and techniques are outlined underlining both the similarities and the differences. Emphasis is put on the numerous novel and counterintuitive results obtained with respect to the associated social and political framework. Using these models several major real political events were successfully predicted including the victory of the French extreme right party in the 2000 first round of French presidential elections, the voting at fifty–fifty in several democratic countries (Germany, Italy, Mexico), and the victory of the "no" to the 2005 French referendum on the European constitution. The perspectives and the challenges to make sociophysics a predictive solid field of science are discussed.
LMI-Based Determination of the Peak of the Response of Structured Polytopic Linear Systems

This paper addresses the problem of determining the peak of the response to a linear time-invariant (LTI) signal of a linear system whose system matrices are rational functions of an uncertainty vector constrained into a convex bounded polytope. The uncertainty can be time-invariant, bounded-rate time-varying or arbitrarily time-varying. A novel approach based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is proposed for obtaining upper bounds of the sought peak based on the construction of a structured polynomial Lyapunov function in the state and in the uncertainty. A priori and a posteriori conditions for establishing optimality of the obtained upper bounds are also provided. As shown by some numerical examples, which includes the model of an electric circuit, the proposed approach may have significant advantages with respect to the existing methods in terms of conservatism or computational burden.
DISTANCE EDUCATION EFFECTIVENESS AND BARRIERS IN DEVELOPING A POSITIVE ATTITUDE TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY: MEDIATION OF INNOVATIVENESS

The objectives of this study are to investigate the effectiveness of distance education in fostering a positive attitude towards sustainability, examine the effects of barriers to sustainability in distance education in terms of the attitude towards sustainability and investigate the mediating effect of innovativeness in the aforesaid relationship. Online survey questionnaires were used to collect data from 663 final-year students enrolled in courses offered through distance education mode at selected universities in Malaysia. The data analysis was based on the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. This study attests that distance education is effective in nurturing a positive attitude towards sustainability through the mediation of innovation. Although the barriers related to distance education seemed to pose an inverse effect on the attitude towards sustainability, it did not seem to have any significant effect on innovativeness. Future research may investigate the further applicability of this study’s model in various contexts related to the role of distance education in achieving the goals of the sustainable development agenda.
Effects of the tributary channel and water catchment area on rinnenkarren development (Totes Gebirge, Austria)

ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to interpret the cross-sectional increases of rinnenkarren systems with the use of analytical model and CFD simulation. In rinnenkarren, water accumulation from the catchment was approximated using an analytical method based on field data. The length of eddies appearing at tributary junctions was studied by CFD in model channels. The results of the analytical and numerical models were compared against morphometrical parameters of rinnenkarren surveyed in the Totes Gebirge (Austria). It is found that there is a relationship between catchment size and channel development. Along small catchments, channel development is random. However, channel development along large catchments is controlled by water concentration. Decrease in the slope angle of the catchment results in an increase in the volume of water entering the channel and development of tributary channels. When water inflow is not concentrated in a single place, several smaller tributary channels emerge. When it is concentrated, only one large-sized and long tributary develops. At the junctions of large tributaries significant vorticity was identified in the CFD models. In addition to the previous model studies, the similarity between the lengths of the simulated vorticity sections and the local field hollowings was revealed.
THE CLUSTER AGES EXPERIMENT (CASE). VII. ANALYSIS OF TWO ECLIPSING BINARIES IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 6362

We use photometric and spectroscopic observations of the detached eclipsing binaries V40 and V41 in the globular cluster NGC 6362 to derive masses, radii, and luminosities of the component stars. The orbital periods of these systems are 5.30 and 17.89 days, respectively. The measured masses of the primary and secondary components (Mp, Ms) are (0.8337 ± 0.0063, 0.7947 ± 0.0048) M⊙ for V40 and (0.8215 ± 0.0058, 0.7280 ± 0.0047) M⊙ for V41. The measured radii (Rp, Rs) are (1.3253 ± 0.0075, 0.997 ± 0.013) R⊙ for V40 and (1.0739 ± 0.0048, 0.7307 ± 0.0046) R⊙ for V41. Based on the derived luminosities, we find that the distance modulus of the cluster is 14.74 ± 0.04 mag—in good agreement with 14.72 mag obtained from color–magnitude diagram (CMD) fitting. We compare the absolute parameters of component stars with theoretical isochrones in mass–radius and mass–luminosity diagrams. For assumed abundances [Fe/H] = −1.07, [α/Fe] = 0.4, and Y = 0.25 we find the most probable age of V40 to be 11.7 ± 0.2 Gyr, compatible with the age of the cluster derived from CMD fitting (12.5 ± 0.5 Gyr). V41 seems to be markedly younger than V40. If independently confirmed, this result will suggest that V41 belongs to the younger of the two stellar populations recently discovered in NGC 6362. The orbits of both systems are eccentric. Given the orbital period and age of V40, its orbit should have been tidally circularized some ∼7 Gyr ago. The observed eccentricity is most likely the result of a relatively recent close stellar encounter.
Quantum spinon oscillations in a finite one-dimensional transverse Ising model

The full quantum dynamics of a spinon under external magnetic fields is investigated by using the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) method within the microcanonical picture of transport. We show that the center of the spinon oscillates back and forth in the absence of dissipation. The quantum many-body behavior can be understood in a single-particle picture of transport and Bloch oscillations (BOs), where quantum fluctuations induce finite lifetimes. Transport, oscillations, and lifetimes can be tuned to some degree separately by external fields. Other nontrivial dynamics, such as resonance and chaos, are also discussed.
Deep-Learning-Guided Point Cloud Modeling with Applications in Intelligent Manufacturing

Machining feature recognition is a key technology to realize CAD/CAPP/CAM system integration. Aiming at high robustness of traditional processing feature recognition in image reasoning, an automatic processing shape recognition method based on fuzzy learning of processing surrounding point black data is proposed. The Cloud RNN in the PointNet stage strongly demonstrates that the framework originates from convolutional neural spider webs. Protector shape for detailed discoloration data on constructed prominence surfaces for automatic rifle recognition is conducted. Spot staining data sample library is also constructed. The prosecuting feature recognizer gained advantages through sample training, which realized robot-style notification of 36 processing shapes. This is conducted with a recognition accuracy rate of over 90%. The method is simple and efficient, although it is not suitable for point cloud data with backlash and defects. It is sensible and still has usable robustness and confirmation performance against mischief around shape peripheries due to shape intersections.
Near infrared spectroscopy for blend uniformity monitoring: An innovative qualitative application based on the coefficient of determination

Blending process is a critical unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry during the solid dosage form production. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool to assess the blend homogeneity in real-time. In this paper, a new methodology for blending process monitoring and for end point confirmation is proposed. Quantitative procedure validation and maintenance of NIR procedures are time-consuming activities that can prevent the adoption of PAT tools in the pharmaceutical industry. Clearly, there is a need in the industry for simpler and more intuitive qualitative blend monitoring analytical procedure that are easy to build, validate and maintain. The method introduced herein consists of tracking the trend of the Coefficient of Determination (CD) between a mean reference spectrum from a homogeneous batch and the NIR spectra that are recorded during the blending operation. Four formulations of commercial products were selected from different scales–including low dosage solid form-to show the usefulness of the method. In addition, this analytical procedure is tested with data from two different types of spectrometers (diode array instruments). Method calibration was performed with five batches (representing expected process variability) for each product: one for the computation of the homogeneous batch target spectrum and four to compute the limit of the CD values related to anticipated and acceptable homogeneity. Method validation was performed with homogeneous batches and with challenge spectra for assessing the specificity of the method. Real-world examples (e.g. technical, validation batches and clinical batches) were presented in order to demonstrate that this method is able to detect inhomogeneous batches. The new qualitative method presented in this paper is useful for determination of the blending endpoint, in assessing the blend uniformity in real-time and in increasing process understanding during early development and troubleshooting. Graphical Abstract
Search for Signatures of Extra-Terrestrial Neutrinos with a Multipole Analysis of the AMANDA-II Sky-Map

In this analysis 3329 neutrino events detected by AMANDA-II during the years 2000-2003 are analysed for anisotropies or unexpected structures in their arrival direction. The structures could arise due to the presence of a signal from many weak and therefore unresolved cosmic neutrino sources, a few brighter sources or extended sources (e.g. a diffuse flux from the galactic plane). The sky-distribution of arrival directions (sky-map) is expanded in a series of spherical harmonics and the power in each multipole moment is calculated. Compared to previous AMANDA-II analyses, it provides a new complementary approach, in particular in the search for very weak individual astro-physical sources. No excess from extra-terrestrial sources is found. Statistical errors as well as systematic errors related to the uncertainty of the angular distribution of the atmospheric neutrinos are quantified using the Feldman-Cousins unified approach. Limits for contributions from extra-terrestrial sources to the sky-map are derived as function of the average source strength and the spectral index of the energy spectrum for different sky-distributions: weak sources isotropically distributed in the northern sky, sources located in the galactic and supergalactic plane. The tested average flux per source varies between φlow = 5 · 10 cms and φhigh = 5 · 10 −11 cms at the earth, assuming an E power spectrum in the sensitive energy range between 1.6 TeV and 1.6 PeV. The number of sources in the sky can be limited at 90% C.L. to be less than 3524 for the assumed φlow and less than 28 for φhigh.
Effects of mixture and management on growth dynamics and responses to climate of Quercus robur L. in a restored opencast lignite mine

Opencast mining is currently one of the most destructive economic activities of natural ecosystems. Many restoration techniques have been developed to promote the recovery of terrestrial ecosystems degraded by mining, and af-forestation and reforestation are among the most important methods to this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the combined effect of tree species mixture and thinning intervention on growth dynamics and responses to the climate of a target native planted oak (pedunculate oak, Quercus robur L.) about 40 years after reforestation of an opencast lignite mining area in Central Italy. The species used for reforestation were a native tree species ( Q. robur L.), two valuable broadleaved trees ( Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. and Prunus avium L.) and a nitrogen-fixing tree ( Alnus cordata Loisel.) to improve timber quality and restore the ecological and environmental value of the degraded land. Cli-mate-growth relationships for precipitation, the Standardised Precipitation-Evaporation Index (SPEI), and temperature (on a monthly and seasonal scale) were tested together with indices based on tree-ring responses to drought. Thinning improved the stem quality and promoted a significant long-term increase in basal area increment (BAI, +31.0%) only in the mixture with alder. The thinning effect slightly mitigated radial growth reductions of oak trees during drought (resistance) and produced a general improvement in the magnitude of resilience and post-drought growth recovery (+37% and +27% on average, respectively). This effect was most evident when oak trees were mixed with only the N-fixing alder species, both after shorter- and longer-term drought or rainfall reduction. In conclusion, the mixture with alder combined with thinning practices resulted in the best management option to produce good-quality stems, improve growth performances, and mitigate drought effects in the recovery of opencast lignite mines through reforestation.
Defect Size Quantification for Pipeline Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection System via Multilevel Knowledge-Guided Neural Network

Defect size quantification plays a vital role in pipeline magnetic flux leakage detection system. However, most existing methods suffer from poor applicability and low precision due to the complex industrial process. Moreover, they often overlook the valuable knowledge that may be beneficial for defect size quantification. To solve this problem, a defect size quantification method based on multilevel knowledge-guided neural network is proposed, which effectively integrates prior knowledge and specific data. First, at the feature level, a recursive residual subnet is proposed to inject the mechanism features into the network, so that the network performance can be enhanced. Second, an experience-aided subnet is proposed to incorporate expert experience at the decision level, which supervises the network training with labels, so that the network stability can be improved. Third, at the modeling level, a cascade expression subnet based on two-point representation is first proposed in the defect size quantification area, where both the value and distribution of labels are considered to boost the network precision. These three parts are jointly trained and promote each other. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted with defects from a pipeline network in northern China and the experimental results highlight the superiority of our method.
Isotopic enrichment of forming planetary systems from supernova pollution

Heating by short-lived radioisotopes (SLRs) such as aluminum-26 and iron-60 fundamentally shaped the thermal history and interior structure of Solar System planetesimals during the early stages of planetary formation. The subsequent thermo-mechanical evolution, such as internal differentiation or rapid volatile degassing, yields important implications for the final structure, composition and evolution of terrestrial planets. SLR-driven heating in the Solar System is sensitive to the absolute abundance and homogeneity of SLRs within the protoplanetary disk present during the condensation of the first solids. In order to explain the diverse compositions found for extrasolar planets, it is important to understand the distribution of SLRs in active planet formation regions (star clusters) during their first few Myr of evolution. By constraining the range of possible effects, we show how the imprint of SLRs can be extrapolated to exoplanetary systems and derive statistical predictions for the distribution of aluminum-26 and iron-60 based on N-body simulations of typical to large clusters (1000-10000 stars) with a range of initial conditions. We quantify the pollution of protoplanetary disks by supernova ejecta and show that the likelihood of enrichment levels similar to or higher than the Solar System can vary considerably, depending on the cluster morphology. Furthermore, many enriched systems show an excess in radiogenic heating compared to Solar System levels, which implies that the formation and evolution of planetesimals could vary significantly depending on the birth environment of their host stars.
Saving water by returning to a constant water supply in Chihuahua

ABSTRACT A sustainable drinking water system is essential to ensure the availability of water. Efficient management is developed by maintaining a positive and continuous pressure. However, in developing countries, the conception is that a constant water supply is unsustainable and the preferred alternative is to modify to an intermittent water supply. In this paper, a methodology for gradually transforming several sectors to a constant supply to decrease the quantity of water supplied is developed. Network sectorization and pressure management were achieved, indicating that the operation of 19% of the households under this methodology generates 24% of the water-saving of the city.
Genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of the near-threatened Pinus gerardiana in Gardiz, Afghanistan

Background and aims – Chilgoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) is a near-threatened tree species from the north-western Himalayas. This species is the economically most important pine in Afghanistan because of its edible nuts; however, its distribution range is disjunct and restricted to a few isolated regions. The IUCN lists Chilgoza as a near threatened species because of overexploitation of its nuts and a declining population trend. This research is the first in-depth analysis of the genetic variability and structure of Chilgoza in Afghanistan using microsatellite markers. Material and methods –We tested cross-amplification of 44 SSR markers developed for pine species. Eight polymorphic EST-SSRs were genotyped in a natural Chilgoza population in Gardiz, Afghanistan. To evaluate the genetic diversity, fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS), signatures of bottleneck events, and the effective population size, 191 trees were sampled and genotyped. Based on the diameter at breast height, individuals were classified as young or old trees. Key results – Genetic variation in the whole population was moderate. For individual markers, He ranged from 0.130 to 0.515 (mean = 0.338) and Ho from 0.118 to 0.542 (mean = 0.328). The expected heterozygosity in young trees was slightly lower than in old trees. The SGS was stronger for young trees (Sp = 0.0100) than for old trees (Sp = 0.0029). Heterozygosity excess analysis detected no recent population size reduction, but the M ratio revealed an ancient and prolonged bottleneck in the Chilgoza population. Conclusion – Identification of suitable EST-SSRs for future studies of natural Chilgoza populations provides important tools for the conservation of the species. Despite the moderate genetic variation in Gardiz, scarcity of natural regeneration is likely to reduce the genetic variation and adaptability in future generations. Our results indicated a slight decrease in genetic diversity and stronger SGS in young trees calling for conservation measures fostering natural regeneration.
Characterization of the magnetic field of the Herbig Be star HD 200775

The origin of the magnetic fields observed in some intermedia te mass and high mass main sequence stars is still a matter of vigorous debate. The favo ured hypothesis is a fossil field origin, in which the observed fields are the condensed remnan ts of magnetic fields present in the original molecular cloud from which the stars formed. According to this theory a few percent of the PMS Herbig Ae/Be star should be magnetic with a magnetic topology similar to that of main sequence intermediate-mass stars. After our recent discovery of four magnetic Herbig stars, we have decided to study in detail one of them, HD 200775, to determine if its magnetic topology is similar to that of the main sequence magnetic stars. With this aim, we monitored this star in Stokes I and V over more than two years, using the new spectropolarimeters ESPaDOnS at CFHT, and Narval at TBL. By analysing the intensity spectrum we find that HD 200775 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system, whose secondary seems similar, in temperature, to the primary. We have carefully compared the observed spectrum to a synthetic one, and we found no evidence of abundance anomalies in its spectrum. We infer the luminosity ratio of the components from the Stokes I profiles. Then, using the temperature and luminosity of HD 20 0775 found in the literature, we estimate the age, the mass and the radius of both components from their HR diagram positions. From our measurements of the radial velocities of both stars we determine the ephemeris and the orbital parameters of the system. A Stokes V Zeeman signature is clearly visible in most of the Least Square Deconvolution profiles and varies on a timescale on the order of one day. We ha ve fitted the 30 profiles simultaneously, using a χ 2 minimisation method, with a centered and a decentered-dipole model. The best-fit model is obtained with a reducedχ 2 = 1.0 and provides a rotation period of 4.3281±0.0010 d, an inclination angle of 60±11 ◦ , and a magnetic obliquity angleβ = 125±8 ◦ . The polar strength of the magnetic dipole field is 1000 ± 150 G, which is decentered by 0.05± 0.04 R∗ from the center of the star. The derived magnetic field model i s qualitatively identical to those commonly observed in the Ap/Bp stars. Our determination of the inclination of the rotation axis le ads to a radius of the primary which is smaller than that derived from the HR diagram position. This can be explained by a larger intrinsic luminosity of the secondary relative to th e primary, due to a larger circumstellar extinction of the secondary relative to the primary.
Convergence Technology Opportunity Discovery for Firms Based on Technology Portfolio Using the Stacked Denoising AutoEncoder (SDAE)

Technology convergence, as a key driving force of innovation, has brought a burgeoning of research attention. Although numerous studies on technology convergence have been carried out, there were limitations in consideration of a firm's capability in technology convergence. This article proposes a framework for “Convergence Technology Opportunity Discovery” (CTOD) based on firms’ technical convergence competence manifested in their patent portfolios, market competition, and technological growth potential. The present research, by employing a stacked denoising autoencoder, a deep neural network-based collaborative filtering method, provides reliable latent preference toward convergence technology for individual firms. Our CTOD framework is applied to three information technology and biotechnology firms to elaborately demonstrate its validity. Ultimately, the proposed framework is expected to provide practical assistance to organizations seeking technology convergence opportunities in various fields.