Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Relational Descriptions of Differentially Expressed Gene Groups

This paper presents a method that uses gene ontologies (GOs), together with the paradigm of relational subgroup discovery, to find compactly described groups of genes differentially expressed in specific cancers. The groups are described by means of relational logic features, extracted from publicly available GO information, and are straightforwardly interpretable by medical experts. We applied the proposed method to three gene expression data sets with the following respective sets of sample classes: 1) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) versus acute myeloid leukemia (AML); 2) seven subtypes of ALL; and 3) 14 different types of cancers. Significant number of discovered groups of genes had a description that highlighted the underlying biological process responsible for distinguishing one class from the other classes. The quality of the discovered descriptions was also verified by cross validation. We believe that the presented approach will significantly contribute to the application of relational machine learning to gene expression analysis, given the expected increase in both the quality and quantity of gene/protein annotations in the near future.
Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADP 012705

Active systems are a class of discrete-event systems Embodied in the second category are some approaches of the Al modeled as networks of nondeterministic automata communicating area [2, 11, 17]. through either synchronous or asynchronous connection links. The Since finding out the system evolutions is a computationally exmodel-based diagnosis of an active system is carried out by first pensive and, therefore, inefficient process (see, for instance, [18] reconstructing its behavior based on the observation, from which about the computational difficulties of the diagnoser approach faults are later derived. The complexity of behavior reconstruction is [19, 20], or the worst case computational complexity analysis in exacerbated by the possibility of queuing events within links, thereby [2], or the discussion in [11]), most of the approaches exploit a making essential the simulation of the order in which events are trade-off between off-line and on-line computation. buffered within links. Unfortunately some sequences of events may Focusing on the second category outlined above, the decentrallead to blind alleys in the search space. This is especially critical if ized diagnoser approach [17] draws off-line a local diagnoser for events exchanged among components are assumed to be uncertain, each component. Such a diagnoser is an automaton whose states as the number of alternative sequences of queued events is still and (observable) transitions are labeled with compiled knowledge larger. Therefore, behavior reconstruction without any prospection about unobservable paths and interacting components, respectively in the search space is generally bound to detrimental backtracking. Each local diagnoser is employed on-line for both a more efficient To make diagnosis of active systems more efficient, we present an reconstruction of all the possible evolutions of the relevant compooff-line technique for processing the models inherent to the system at nent that comply with the observation and a more efficient merging hand so as to automatically generate prospection knowledge relevant of the histories of distinct components into global system histories. to the mode in which events are produced and consumed over links. This paper applies knowledge compilation to the active system Such a knowledge is then exploited on-line, when the diagnostic approach [2, 3], to which purpose it isolates a kind of knowledge, engine is running, to guide the search process, thus reducing both implicit in the models of the structure and behavior of the system time and space. at hand, that can be compiled off-line in order to speed up on-line execution. The framework is that of active systems, a class of DESs
Dendritic cell progenitors phagocytose particulates, including bacillus Calmette-Guerin organisms, and sensitize mice to mycobacterial antigens in vivo

Dendritic cells, while effective in sensitizing T cells to several different antigens, show little or no phagocytic activity. To the extent that endocytosis is required for antigen processing and presentation, it is not evident how dendritic cells would present particle-associated peptides. Evidence has now been obtained showing that progenitors to dendritic cells can internalize particles, including Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) mycobacteria. The particulates are applied for 20 h to bone marrow cultures that have been stimulated with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to induce aggregates of growing dendritic cells. Cells within these aggregates are clearly phagocytic. If the developing cultures are exposed to particles, washed, and "chased" for 2 d, the number of major histocompatibility complex class II-rich dendritic cells increases substantially and at least 50% contain internalized mycobacteria or latex particles. The mycobacteria-laden, newly developed dendritic cells are much more potent in presenting antigens to primed T cells than corresponding cultures of mature dendritic cells that are exposed to a pulse of organisms. A similar situation exists when the BCG- charged dendritic cells are injected into the footpad or blood stream of naive mice. Those dendritic cells that have phagocytosed organisms induce the strongest T cell responses to mycobacterial antigens in draining lymph node and spleen. The administration of antigens to GM- CSF-induced, developing dendritic cells (by increasing both antigen uptake and cell numbers) will facilitate the use of these antigen- presenting cells for active immunization in situ.
The optimism bias : a cognitive neuroscience perspective

The optimism bias is a well-established psychological phenomenon. Its study has implications that are far reaching in fields as diverse as mental health and economic theory. With the emerging field of cognitive neuroscience and the advent of advanced neuroimaging techniques, it has been possible to investigate the neural basis of the optimism bias and to understand in which neurological conditions this natural bias fails. This review first defines the optimism bias, discusses its implications and reviews the literature that investigates its neural basis. Finally some potential pitfalls in experimental design are discussed.
Diversity Multiplexing Tradeoff of SIMO Maximal-Ratio Combining Scheme

The Diversity Multiplexing Tradeoff (DMT) (1) is a compact, yet elegant framework to capture the performance of wireless communication systems at asymptotically high signal to noise ratios (SNR). Recent application of DMT at finite SNR (2) makes the DMT a versatile framework. We have analyzed the DMT for the rate-adaptive SIMO maximal-ratio combining (SIMO-MRC) for asymptotic and non-asymptotic signal to noise ratios. This has resulted in arriving at closed form expression of the diversity gain. The DMT arrived by analysis using the non-asymptotic finite SNR framework is found to be consistent with the known interpretations arrived through the asymptotic high-SNR framework (1). The results of this analysis have been presented in this paper.
Effects of amniotic epithelial cell transplantation in endothelial injury

Purpose Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) are promising tools for endothelial repair in vascular regenerative medicine. We hypothesized that these epithelial cells are capable of repairing the damaged endothelial layer following balloon injury of the carotid artery in adult male rats. Results Two days after injury, the transplanted hAECs were observed at the luminal side of the arterial wall. Then, 4 weeks after the injury, significant intimal thickening was observed in both untreated and cell implanted vessels. Constriction was decreased in both implanted and control animals. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a few surviving cells in the intact arterial wall, but no cells were observed at the site of injury. Interestingly, acetylcholine-induced dilation was preserved in the intact side and the sham-transplanted injured arteries, but it was a trend toward decreased vasodilation in the hAECs’ transplanted vessels. Conclusion We conclude that hAECs were able to incorporate into the arterial wall without immunosuppression, but failed to improve vascular function, highlighting that morphological implantation does not necessarily result in functional benefits and underscoring the need to understand other mechanisms of endothelial regeneration.
Alleviating Urban Traffic Congestion by Means of Adaptive Routing

Traffic congestion is an important problem of today's urban life. Various approaches have been analyzed for solving this problem, most solutions addressing only a specific cause of the congestion. This paper focuses on rush hour congestion and aims to address its cause, the fact that many drivers need to reach the same destination and use the same routes, most frequently the shortest ones.A simple solution would be a collaborative behavior from the drivers, so as to ensure that some of the drivers choose slightly longer routes in order to avoid congestion. This paper aims to investigate the improvement potential of using intelligent routing, while offering (as much as possible) the fastest available routes to the drivers.A simple yet effective routing algorithm is proposed and tested by means of a multi-agent system on top of a traffic simulator. Experimental results conform to the expected behavior of the algorithm and are meant to provide reference values for further research.
Research and analysis of routing algorithms for NoC

The Network-on-Chip has been recognized as a paradigm to solve System-on-Chip (SoC) design challenges. The routing algorithm is one of key researches of a NoC design. Its importance and effect on the performance of the network is accordingly cardinal. High-performance, load-blance, deadlock-free and livelock-free, fault-tolerant are the desirable properties of a routing algorithm for NoC. In this paper, we summarize routing algorithms used for NoC by simply comparison and analysis,and give the merits and demerits of some routing algorithms.
Refocusing — Building a Future for Entrepreneurial Education and Learning

The field of entrepreneurship has struggled with fundamental questions concerning the subject's nature and purpose. To whom and to what means are educational and training agendas ultimately directed? Such questions have become of central importance to policy makers, practitioners and academics alike. There are suggestions that university business schools should engage more critically with the lived experiences of practising entrepreneurs through alternative pedagogical approaches and methods, seeking to account for and highlighting the social, political and moral aspects of entrepreneurial practice. In the UK, where funding in higher education has become increasingly dependent on student fees, there are renewed pressures to educate students for entrepreneurial practice as opposed to educating them about the nature and effects of entrepreneurship. Government and EU policies are calling on business schools to develop and enhance entrepreneurial growth and skill sets, to make their education and training programmes more proactive in providing innovative educational practices which help and facilitate life experiences and experiential learning. This paper makes the case for critical frameworks to be applied so that complex social processes become a source of learning for educators and entrepreneurs and so that innovative pedagogical approaches can be developed in terms both of context (curriculum design) and process (delivery methods).
CHARACTERIZING IMAGE QUALITY: BLIND ESTIMATION OF THE POINT SPREAD FUNCTION FROM A SINGLE IMAGE

This paper describes a method for blind estimation of sharpness and resolving power from a single image. These measures can be used to characterize images in the context of the performance of image analysis procedures. The method assumes the point spread function (PSF) can be approximated by an anisotropic Gaussian. The width (cid:0) of the PSF is determined by the ratio (cid:0)(cid:2)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:5)(cid:0)(cid:6)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:7) of the standard deviations of the intensity and of its derivative at edges. The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is based on an optimal model for detecting straight edges between homogeneous regions in noisy images. It depends on the signal to noise ratio and is linear in the frequency. The method is applied to artiﬁcial and real images proving that it gives valuable results.
Effective Combining Scheme for Channel Sensing in Multiuser Cognitive Radio Systems

In cognitive radio (CR) systems, channel sensing should be performed very accurately in order to protect primary user (PU) and to achieve high spectral efficiency. Recently, there are some efforts to improve the accuracy of the channel sensing in the CR systems. In particular, it is shown that the correctness of channel sensing can be improved by combining the multiple sensing results from CR nodes [1]. However, previous works do not consider the fact that CR nodes receive very dissimilar energy from PU with respect to each other, according to their distances from the PU. For example, if a node is close to a PU, it can receive large amount energy from the PU. On the other hand, a node located far away from the PU receives weaker energy from the PU. In this situation, without considering the dissimilarity of received energy among CR nodes, optimal combining for the sensing information cannot be achieved. In this paper, we propose an effective combining scheme for the multiuser CR systems. In contrast to the previous works, the proposed scheme combines multiple sensing results reported from CR nodes, considering the heterogeneity of their received energy caused by the diversity of their distances from the PU. To accomplish this, the proposed scheme investigates the probability distribution of statistics from the energy detector by using the virtual grid.
Proton MR spectroscopy in children with bipolar affective disorder: preliminary observations.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) can have its onset during childhood, but the diagnosis may be difficult to establish on the basis of clinical findings alone. Our purpose was to determine whether proton MR spectroscopy can be used to identify abnormalities in the brain of children with BPAD. METHODS Ten children, ages 6 to 12 years, underwent clinical testing to establish the diagnosis of BPAD. After a drug washout period, all patients underwent MR spectroscopy in which a TE of 135 was used along with a single-voxel placement in both frontal and temporal lobes during a single session. Peaks from N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), glutamate/ glutamine (Glu/Gln), and lipids were normalized with respect to the creatine (Cr) peak to obtain ratios of values of peak areas. These data were compared with those obtained in 10 non-age-matched control subjects. To corroborate our data, five children with BPAD also underwent 2D MR spectroscopic studies of the frontal lobes with parameters similar to those used in the single-volume studies. RESULTS All children with BPAD had elevated levels of Glu/Gln in both frontal lobes and basal ganglia relative to the control group. Children with BPAD had elevated lipid levels in the frontal lobes but not in the temporal lobes. Levels of NAA and Cho were similar for all locations in both groups. Two-dimensional MR spectroscopic studies in five children with BPAD confirmed the presence of elevated lipids in the frontal lobes. CONCLUSION Our preliminary observations suggest that MR spectroscopy may show abnormalities in children with BPAD not found in unaffected control subjects. It remains to be established whether these abnormalities are a signature of the disease and can be used as a screening test.
Augmented Parsing of Unknown Word by Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning

This paper presents a novel method using graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) to improve the syntax parsing of unknown words. Different from conventional approaches that uses hand-crafted rules, rich morphological features, or a character-based model to handle unknown words, this method is based on a graph-based label propagation technique. It gives greater improvement on grammars trained on a smaller amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled one. A transductiv 1 graph-based SSL method is employed to propagate POS and derive the emission distributions from labeled data to unlabeled one. The derived distributions are incorporated into the parsing process. The proposed method effectively augments the original supervised parsing model by contributing 2.28% and 1.72% absolute improvement on the accuracy of POS tagging and syntax parsing for Penn Chinese Treebank respectively.
Conceptual model of an application and its use for application documentation

Following article proposes methodology for conceptual design of a software application. This form of design is suitable for dynamic development environment and agile principles of software development. Article discus the required scope and style used for description of the application. Unification of a documentation significantly reduces the time required for communication within the development team. Some part of the documentation are obtained using the method of reverse engineering, for example by analysis of the application structure or its source code.
User Requirements Elicitation of Stereoscopic 3D Video Interaction

The recent development of three dimensional (3D) display technologies has resulted in a proliferation of 3D video production and broadcasting, attracting a lot of research into capture, compression and delivery of stereoscopic content. However, the predominant design practice of interactions with 3D video content has failed to address its differences and possibilities in comparison the existing 2D video interactions. This paper presents a study of user requirements related to interaction with the stereoscopic 3D video. The study suggests that the change of view, zoom in/out, dynamic video browsing and textual information are the most relevant interactions with stereoscopic 3D video. In addition, we identified a strong demand for object selection that resulted in a follow-up study of user preferences in 3D selection using virtual-hand and ray-casting metaphors. These results indicate that interaction modality affects users' decision of object selection in terms of chosen location in 3D, while user attitudes do not have significant impact. Furthermore, the ray-casting based interaction using Wiimote can outperform the volume-based interaction technique using mouse and keyboard for object positioning accuracy.
Recursive Sample-Entropy method and its application for complexity observation of earth current

The effectiveness of sample-entropy was practically shown as the measure index of irregularity from time series, by the development of research to quantify complexity. This sample-entropy calculated from at least 100 sample points, can classify a various system which contains a deterministic chaos system and/or a stochastic system, and is strong against noise. Therefore it is applied to the wide fields such as the ecology, finance, the medical treatment, etc. In this paper, the recursive sample-entropy technique is proposed and it is applied to the earthquake forecast. The earthquake forecast is generally performed by using the vibration wave, however it is extremely short that time from the forecast to the occurrence. Then, in this research, I use the earth current data based on the technique called the VAN method that used an abnormal earth current that is the one of the macroscopic anomalies that the difference of time until the earthquake occurrence is long. As a result, it is confirmed that there is a possibility that the precursor of an earthquake are able to be observed in real time.
Alpha-actinin from sea urchin eggs: biochemical properties, interaction with actin, and distribution in the cell during fertilization and cleavage

A protein similar to alpha-actinin has been isolated from unfertilized sea urchin eggs. This protein co-precipitated with actin from an egg extract as actin bundles. Its apparent molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 95,000 on an SDS gel: it co-migrated with skeletal- muscle alpha-actinin. This protein also co-eluted with skeletal muscle alpha-actinin from a gel filtration column giving a Stokes radius of 7.7 nm, and its amino acid composition was very similar to that of alpha-actinins. It reacted weakly but significantly with antibodies against chicken skeletal muscle alpha-actinin. We designated this protein as sea urchin egg alpha-actinin. The appearance of sea urchin egg alpha-actinin as revealed by electron microscopy using the low- angle rotary shadowing technique was also similar to that of skeletal muscle alpha-actinin. This protein was able to cross-link actin filaments side by side to form large bundles. The action of sea urchin egg alpha-actinin on the actin filaments was studied by viscometry at a low-shear rate. It gelled the F-actin solution at a molar ratio to actin of more than 1:20, at pH 6-7.5, and at Ca ion concentration less than 1 microM. The effect was abolished by the presence of tropomyosin. Distribution of this protein in the egg during fertilization and cleavage was investigated by means of microinjection of the rhodamine- labeled protein in the living eggs. This protein showed a uniform distribution in the cytoplasm in the unfertilized eggs. Upon fertilization, however, it was concentrated in the cell cortex, including the fertilization cone. At cleavage, it seemed to be concentrated in the cleavage furrow region.
Observational Evidence for an Age Dependence of Halo Bias

We study the dependence of the cross-correlation between galaxies and galaxy groups on group properties. Confirming previous results, we find that the correlation strength is stronger for more massive groups, in good agreement with the expected mass dependence of halo bias. We also find, however, that for groups of the same mass, the correlation strength depends on the star formation rate (SFR) of the central galaxy: at fixed mass, the bias of galaxy groups decreases as the SFR of the central galaxy increases. We discuss these findings in light of the recent findings by Gao et al. that halo bias depends on halo formation time, in that halos that assemble earlier are more strongly biased. We also discuss the implication for galaxy formation and address a possible link to galaxy conformity, the observed correlation between the properties of satellite galaxies and those of their central galaxy.
An effective AKA protocol for UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is the most popular third-generation mobile phone system at present and the UMTS AKA is authentication and key agreement protocol. There are some weaknesses in the existing UMTS AKA protocol, such as synchronisation question, storage overhead, insecurity with leakiness authentication vector and weakness in mutual authentications. In this paper, we use the concept of proxy key to design a more secure and more efficient UMTS AKA protocol. Our protocol can not only resist the above-mentioned drawback of the original UMTS AKA protocol on the security, but also improve the performance of UMTS AKA protocol, including the computational overhead, storage overhead and communication overhead.