Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Sport Rehabilitation Students’ Value of Communication Skills to Enhance the Summative Assessment of Musculoskeletal Injuries

The Summative Assessment for Musculoskeletal Injuries, an HE4 module at a University in the North of England, did not assess communication skills, therefore, it was not the most appropriate method of assessing clinical competence. An experimental approach was developed to evaluate the students’ clinical experiences gained on their clinical placement at the Sports and Spinal Injures Clinic (SSIC) within the University. The aim was to develop an approach to alter the weighting of the mark scheme for the module to include assessment of communication skills. A group consisting of students, male and female, completed a question online survey before and after clinical experience. The proposed approach allowed alteration to the weighting of marks in the current mark scheme to now include a percentage of marks awarded for communication skills, interpersonal skills, professionalism and differential diagnosis. This will ultimately enhance the assessment of clinical competence and constructive alignment.
How Do Legal Differences and Learning Affect Financial Contracts?

We analyze venture capital (VC) investments in twenty-three non-U.S. countries and compare them to VC investments in the U.S. We describe how the contracts allocate cash flow, board, liquidation, and other control rights. In univariate analyses, contracts differ across legal regimes. At the same time, however, more experienced VCs implement U.S.-style contracts regardless of legal regime. In most specifications, legal regime becomes insignificant controlling for VC sophistication. VCs who use U.S.-style contracts fail significantly less often. Financial contracting theories in the presence of fixed costs of learning, therefore, appear to explain contracts along a wide range of legal regimes.
Fast emotional embodiment can modulate sensory exposure in perceivers

Fear and disgust expressions are not arbitrary social cues. Expressing fear maximizes sensory exposure (e.g., increases visual and nasal input), whereas expressing disgust reduces sensory exposure (e.g., decreases visual and nasal input). 1 A similar effect of these emotional expressions has recently been found to modify sensory exposure at the level of the central nervous system (attention) in people perceiving these expressions.2 At an attentional level, sensory exposure is increased when perceiving fear and reduced when perceiving disgust. These findings suggest that response preparations are transmitted by expressers to perceivers. However, the processes involved in the transmission of such emotional action tendencies remain unclear. We suggest that emotional contagion by means of grounded cognition theories could be a simple, ecological and straight-forward explanation of this effect. The contagion through embodied simulation of others’ emotional states with simple, efficient and very fast facial mimicry may represent the underlying process.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Genetic and Inherited Diseases Transmission of Amyloidosis in Offspring of Mice with AApoAII Amyloidosis

From the Department of Aging Biology,* Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto; the Field of Regeneration Control, Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto; the Department of Pathology, Fukui Medical University, Matsuoka; the Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai; and The Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
The Daily Return Pattern in the Amman Stock Exchange and the Weekend Effect

This paper examines the robustness of evidence on the weekend anomaly in stock return data after accounting for the impact of possible measurement errors and sample sizes. Consistent with the previous literature, the sample evidence quite often favors the alternative hypothesis of unequal returns across days of the week. The Start-of-the-week day's returns are consistently insignificantly negative across different time frames. The Average returns for the day right after the beginning of the working week is consistently significantly negative. After controlling for the change of the working week to start on Sunday's results shows that Thursday return (the end of the week) tend to be positive and the highest while Sunday return is a "downer" in most of the cases (negative and the worst). This result is consistent with previous results documented in the literature. Possible explanations for the high positive significant Thursday return is the possible settlement practices, which imply unusually high closing on Thursdays and consequently lower closing on Sundays. Professional market watchers who are aware of the daily return pattern should adjust the timing of their buying and selling to take advantage of the effect. The new logical implication is "Don't Sell Stocks on the Second Day of the Week".
Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Macroeconomic Growth: A Panel Data Study in Korea

Based on the assumption that intellectual property rights are a driver of economic development, this paper aims to estimate the production elasticity of intellectual property stocks in Korea. The unbalanced panel data during 2005-2012 is constructed with 29 manufacturing and service industries and applied to a Cobb-Douglas production function. Empirical results confirm that the stock of patents, the stock of trademarks, and the stock of design rights significantly contribute to Korean economic growth in the 2000s, respectively. Whereas the production elasticity of intellectual property stocks differs in the characteristics of patents, trademarks and design rights, the results show that increases in trademark stocks are the most influential factor in economic growth.
A High-Throughput Cell-Based Assay for Inhibitors of ABCG2 Activity

ABCG2 is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette family of multidrug transporters associated with resistance of tumor cells to many cytotoxic agents. Evaluation of modulators of ABCG2 activity has relied on methods such as drug sensitization, biochemical characterization, and transport studies. To search for novel inhibitors of ABCG2, a fluorescent cell-based assay was developed for application in high-throughput screening. Accumulation of pheophorbide a (PhA), an ABCG2-specific substrate, forms the basis for the assay in NCI-H460/MX20 cells overexpressing wild-type ABCG2. Treatment of these cells with 10 μM fumitremorgin C (FTC), a specific ABCG2 inhibitor, increased cell accumulation of PhA to 5.6 times control (Z′ 0.5). Validation included confirmation with known ABCG2 inhibitors: FTC, novobiocin, tariquidar, and quercetin. Verapamil, reported to inhibit P-glycoprotein but not ABCG2, had insignificant activity. Screening of a library of 3523 natural products identified 11 compounds with high activity (≥ 50% of FTC, confirmed by reassay), including 3 flavonoids, members of a family of compounds that include ABCG2 inhibitors. One of the inhibitors detected, eupatin, was moderately potent (IC50 of 2.2 μM) and, like FTC, restored sensitivity of resistant cells to mitoxantrone. Application of this assay to other libraries of synthetic compounds and natural products is expected to identify novel inhibitors of ABCG2 activity.
Transport Services and the Global Economy: Towards a Seamless Market

Service activities are now acknowledged as key players in economic development, societal change and public policy worldwide. This exciting Handbook not only contributes to ongoing conceptual debates about the nature of service-led economies and societies; it also pushes back the frontiers of current critical thinking about the role of service activities in urban and regional development and the important research agendas that remain to be addressed.
Spectators or Patriots? Citizens in the Information Age

In theory, a strong democracy rests on robust citizen participation. The practice in most democracies is quite different. This gap presents a challenge, which can be narrowed by augmenting civic education to bring it up to date with the current information environment and thus give citizens the opportunity to participate. Robert Dahl’s work on democracy provides a model that looks at this problem structurally. He writes about the ideals and the actual institutions necessary for a democracy and if we situate his model in the modern information environment we get a better idea of how to improve civic education. Successful citizen participation in the U.S. relies on two key factors: the ability to winnow relevant information as well as an opportunity to get reliable information from alternative sources.
Prognostic Factors for Clinical Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Treated by Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a broad range of clinical manifestations and a heterogeneous disease course. There is no cure for SLE, but current standard pharmacotherapies can improve disease prognosis in most patients. However, some patients are refractory to conventional treatments and require alternative treatment options. The present study is aimed at identifying predictors of clinical response to allogeneic bone marrow-derived or umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-/UC-MSC) transplant in SLE. All adult patients identified in the Nanjing database with an SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score ≥ 8 at baseline that had undergone MSC transplant and who had at least 1 year of follow-up after one or two successive intravenous injections of allogeneic BM-/UC-MSCs (1 million/kg) were analyzed. SLE symptoms and SLEDAI were assessed at baseline and during follow-up to determine low disease activity (LDA) and clinical remission (CR) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Sixty-nine patients were included in the study, with a median (range) SLEDAI of 13 (8-34) at baseline. Among the 69 patients, 40 (58%) achieved LDA and 16 (23%) achieved CR with a SLEDAI of 9 (4–20), 8 (0-16), 6 (0-18), and 5 (0-18) after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Older age (p = 0.006) and no arthralgia/arthritis at baseline (p = 0.03) were associated with a higher rate of LDA. Achieving CR was associated with older age (p = 0.033), no arthralgia/arthritis at baseline (p = 0.001), and no prior use of cyclophosphamide (p = 0.003) or hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.016). Future studies using unique immunosuppressive regimens and allogeneic MSC sources will further elucidate determinants of clinical response to MSC transplant in SLE.
Hydrocephalus and Congenital Clasped Thumbs: a Case Report with Electromyographic Evaluation

A one‐month‐old male infant with hydrocephalus, aqueductal stenosis and congenital clasped thumbs is reported. Electromyographic evaluation supported the hypothesis that the clasped thumbs were a consequence of flexion‐extension imbalance, with subsequent muscle contracture secondary to hypoplasia or aplasia of the thumb extensors.
Suppression of EMG activity by transcranial magnetic stimulation in human subjects during walking

1 The involvement of the motor cortex during human walking was evaluated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex at a variety of intensities. Recordings of EMG activity in tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles during walking were rectified and averaged. 2 TMS of low intensity (below threshold for a motor‐evoked potential, MEP) produced a suppression of ongoing EMG activity during walking. The average latency for this suppression was 40.0 ± 1.0 ms. At slightly higher intensities of stimulation there was a facilitation of the EMG activity with an average latency of 29.5 ± 1.0 ms. As the intensity of the stimulation was increased the facilitation increased in size and eventually a MEP was clear in individual sweeps. 3 In three subjects TMS was replaced by electrical stimulation over the motor cortex. Just below MEP threshold there was a clear facilitation at short latency (≈28 ms). As the intensity of the electrical stimulation was reduced the size of the facilitation decreased until it eventually disappeared. We did not observe a suppression of the EMG activity similar to that produced by TMS in any of the subjects. 4 The present study demonstrates that motoneuronal activity during walking can be suppressed by activation of intracortical inhibitory circuits. This illustrates for the first time that activity in the motor cortex is directly involved in the control of the muscles during human walking.
A Glimpse at the Democratic Legitimacy of Private Standards - Democratic Legitimacy as Public Accountability: The Case of GLOBALG.A.P.

This paper seeks to shed light on a notion that is often considered essential in conferring global regulatory authority, but is rarely defined in contemporary scholarship on global governance: the notion of legitimacy. The authors center their analysis on the value of democracy as one of the seminal determinants of the legitimacy of regulatory actors and the norms they adopt. They further focus on the democratic legitimacy of norms adopted by global private actors. A specific breed of such ‘private standards’ is studied, namely those addressing food safety. More in particular, the leading standard scheme for good agricultural practices – GLOBALG.A. P. – is taken as a case study. The authors view democratic legitimacy in global governance as a function of the ‘public accountability’ of the relevant regulatory actors, which comprises a prospective and a retrospective dimension. Public accountability is analyzed as this link which unites, in a democratic fashion, a regulatory actor and its public, i.e. the ensemble of the people who are affected by its regulatory activities. The prospective dimension of public accountability covers the manner in which the regulatory actor ‘takes into account’ the preferences and interests of its public. This encompasses practical strategies of public participation. The retrospective dimension of public accountability relates to how the regulatory actor ‘renders account’ of its regulatory activities to its public. This entails that processes be put in place to ensure public oversight. GLOBALG.A. P.’s standard-setting is assessed in light of this analytical framework. The authors find that, while the accountability of GLOBALG.A. P. as a regulatory actor in the field of food safety is satisfactory in respect of its internal members, additional efforts need to be made to ensure stronger (democratic) accountability vis-a-vis its other – external – stakeholders, particularly those located in developing countries.
Averaged subtracted polarization imaging for endoscopic diagnostics of surface microstructures on translucent mucosae

Abstract. An endoscopic image processing technique for enhancing the appearance of microstructures on translucent mucosae is described. This technique employs two pairs of co- and cross-polarization images under two different linearly polarized lights, from which the averaged subtracted polarization image (AVSPI) is calculated. Experiments were then conducted using an acrylic phantom and excised porcine stomach tissue using a manual experimental setup with ring-type lighting, two rotating polarizers, and a color camera; better results were achieved with the proposed method than with conventional color intensity image processing. An objective evaluation method that uses texture analysis was developed and used to evaluate the enhanced microstructure images. This paper introduces two types of online, rigid-type, polarimetric endoscopic implementations using a polarized ring-shaped LED and a polarimetric camera. The first type uses a beam-splitter-type color polarimetric camera, and the second uses a single-chip monochrome polarimetric camera. Microstructures on the mucosa surface were enhanced robustly with these online endoscopes regardless of the difference in the extinction ratio of each device. These results show that polarimetric endoscopy using AVSPI is both effective and practical for hardware implementation.
The effect of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in adult male mice

Introduction: The role of medicinal plants in enhancement of memory and improvement of Alzheimer disease symptoms has attracted researchers’ attention. Genus Salvia (sage) is the largest and most valuable type of herbal medicine from Lamiaceae family, and its therapeutic effects have long been considered. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) leaves on scopolamine-induced amnesia in adult male mice. Materials and methods: A step-through inhibitory avoidance task was used for memory assessment. Animals received hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) 30 minutes after administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) after training and before testing, (based on experimental design). Animals were tested 24 h after the training session, and step-through latency in entering the dark compartment was recorded as passive avoidance memory. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test. Statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: The results indicated that administration of scopolamine impaired both consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance memory. Administration of 40 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia after training, or 20 and 40 mg/kg on the day of experiment ameliorated the effect of scopolamine. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia can inhibit scopolamine-induced impairment of passive avoidance memory in mice.
Melancholia and Barbiturates: A Controlled Eeg, Body and Eye Movement Study of Sleep

Insomnia is widely accepted as a leading feature of that illness designated by the number 301.1 in the International Classification of Diseases. The name given varies—“endogenous depression”, “manic-depressive psychosis/depressive type”, “melancholia” or “depressive illness”. The present generation of laymen (not to say some psychiatrists) use the word “depression” so freely in order to describe an unpleasant, unhappy mood, whether lasting or transient, that one may prefer the term melancholia, or at least “depressive illness”, to signify that condition which justifies the number 301.1. The adjective “endogenous” implies for many that environmental stress plays little or no part in the onset of the illness; we cannot accept that this is always so. The term “reactive” is used in several ways, generally to indicate that the state of unhappiness arises out of some external circumstance and that it would end when circumstances improved or the individual accepted the realities of practical life. The patients used in the present study were suffering from an illness of a kind which we believe may sometimes develop in the absence of severe environmental stress, while in others it may be clearly provoked by circumstances, but the illness, as it develops, may take on a form which becomes largely independent of the environmental circumstances and may continue even when the provoking factors are past; it has become an autonomous melancholia. It will be apparent that by autonomous melancholia we mean an illness shown by clinical experience to respond especially well to electroplexy.
Back error propagation - A critique

A neural-net algorithm known as back error propagation (BEP) is described and critiqued. A generic black-box view is presented, followed by a description of several noteworthy experiments. A review of the learning algorithm is given with a critique. Some training tips are offered along with a few variations on the basic design. A possible trend in neural net evolution is discussed, suggesting that the BEP could be heading toward a genetic dead end, despite early successes in small-scale experiments. <<ETX>>
Age-related degradation in the central nervous system: assessment with diffusion-tensor imaging and quantitative fiber tracking.

PURPOSE To prospectively quantify differences in age-related changes in the diffusivity parameters and fiber characteristics between association, callosal, and projection fibers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained. Diffusion-tensor imaging data with an isotropic voxel size of 1.9 mm(3) were acquired at 3 T in 38 healthy volunteers (age range, 18-88 years; 18 women). Quantitative fiber tracking was used to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity values, eigenvalues (lambda(1), lambda(2), and lambda(3)), the number of fiber projections, and the number of fiber projections per voxel for three-dimensional reconstructed association, callosal, projection, and total brain fibers. Bivariate linear regression models were used to analyze correlations. Significant differences between correlations were assessed with the Hotelling-Williams test. RESULTS For FA, the strongest degradation in association fibers and no significant changes in projection fibers were observed. The difference in correlation was significant (P = .002). The number of fiber projections and the number of fiber projections per voxel showed strong to moderate negative correlations that were dependent on age (P < .001) in the three fiber structures and total brain fibers, with the exception of the number of fiber projections per voxel in projection fibers, which showed no significant correlation. The decrease in the number of fiber projections was significantly greater (P = .043) in projection fibers than in total brain fibers, whereas the decrease in the number of fiber projections per voxel was significantly weaker (P = .005). Association fibers showed the largest changes per decade of age for FA (-1.13%) and for the number of fiber projections per voxel (-4.7%), whereas callosal fibers showed the largest changes per decade of age for the number of fiber projections (-10.4%). CONCLUSION Quantitative fiber tracking enables identification of differences in diffusivity and fiber characteristics due to normal aging.
Comparison between DFT, adpative window DFT and EDFT for power quality frequency spectrum analysis

Spectral leakage and picket-fence effects associated with the system fundamental frequency variation and improperly selected sampling time window prevents a direct application of the DFT algorithm with a constant sampling rate. In particular it's very difficult to detect low level interharmonics and subharmonics. In this paper we compare two methods, proposed in literature, evaluating the detection capability and accuracy in frequency spectrum estimation. Several tests in different condition has been effected for the comparison.
Use of a motion sickness history questionnaire for prediction of simulator sickness.

This research assessed the usefulness of the Motion History Questionnaire (MHQ) for the prediction of simulator sickness, a form of motion sickness experienced by pilots training in ground-based flight simulators. Four MHQ scoring keys were compared: (1) the original MHQ key which had been validated on a sample of U.S. Navy student pilots exposed to Coriolis forces, (2 and 3) two keys which had been validated on a sample of civilian college students exposed to simulated ship motions, and (4) a simulator sickness key empirically derived in the present research and cross-validated. Navy and Marine Corps aviators (N = 456) filled out the MHQ prior to their regularly scheduled flight simulator training and were divided into validation and cross-validation samples. All scoring keys were predictive of reported symptoms of sickness, but highest correlations were obtained with the empirically-derived simulator sickness (SS) key. It is suggested that the SS key be used for self-testing so that pilots may be made aware of their risk for developing simulator sickness.