Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary change in a receiver bias: a comparison of female preference functions

Female poeciliid fishes of the sister genera Xiphophorus and Priapella share a preference for males with swords, despite phylogenetic information suggesting that swords arose in Xiphophorus after the divergence of the two genera. This study examines the strength of sword and body–size preferences in a representative of both genera. A comparison of the preference functions reveals that the strength of the preference favouring a sword in P. olmecae is significantly stronger than that in X. helleri. This result demonstrates that the pre–existing bias is not evolutionarily fixed, and that there has been change in the bias favouring the sword, in either the Priapella lineage, or the Xiphophorus lineage, or in both. Although females in both species prefer conspecific males with swords, only X. helleri females also demonstrate a body–size preference. The preference functions for body size and sword length for X. helleri are not significantly different, whereas in P. olmecae the preference function for sword length is significantly stronger than for body size. These combined results indicate that an ancestral bias for body size cannot alone explain the pre–existing bias favouring a sword in P. olmecae.
IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES OF THE MAJOR NONIMMUNOGLOBULIN PROTEIN OF AMYLOID

Antisera have been prepared against the major nonimmunoglobulin component of secondary and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) associated amyloid which has been called A component or acid soluble fraction (ASF). The antisera were shown to be monospecific for ASF by precipitation of 125I-labeled antigen and gave a reaction of identity with four different ASF preparations. The antisera were able to detect a circulating component in human serum that migrated in the α1-globulin region. This circulating component gave a line of identity with degraded ASF by double immunodiffusion. 57 normal sera and 89 sera from patients with diseases known to be frequently associated with amyloidosis were tested by immunodiffusion for the circulating ASF component. 7% of normal sera and 50–80% of the pathologic sera had elevated amounts of this component. Absorption studies showed that all normal sera probably have small amounts of this component while cord sera do not have detectable amounts. This component was partially purified and was shown to be slightly larger than albumin. The relation of the circulating component to the acid soluble fraction of amyloid is discussed.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Mediates the Antitumor Activity of Magnolol in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Abnormal activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and up-regulation of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) response to transcriptional signaling play a critical role early in colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is considered an attractive target for cancer chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents. Small molecules derived from the natural products were used in our cell-based reporter gene assay to identify potential inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Magnolol, a neolignan from the cortex of Magnolia obovata, was identified as a promising candidate because it effectively inhibited β-catenin/TCF reporter gene (TOPflash) activity. Magnolol also suppressed Wnt3a-induced β-catenin translocation and subsequent target gene expression in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. To further investigate the precise mechanisms of action in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by magnolol, we performed Western blot analysis, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions, and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay in human colon cancer cells with aberrantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Magnolol inhibited the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and significantly suppressed the binding of β-catenin/TCF complexes onto their specific DNA-binding sites in the nucleus. These events led to the down-regulation of β-catenin/TCF-targeted downstream genes such as c-myc, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator in SW480 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells. In addition, magnolol inhibited the invasion and motility of tumor cells and exhibited antitumor activity in a xenograft nude mouse model bearing HCT116 cells. These findings suggest that the growth inhibition of magnolol against human colon cancer cells can be partly attributed to the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Conceiving a Multiscale Dataspace for Data Analysis

A consequence of the intensive growth of information shared online is the increase of opportunities to link and integrate distinct sources of knowledge. This linking and integration can be hampered by different levels of heterogeneity in the available sources. Existing approaches focusing on heavyweight integration – e.g., schema mapping or ontology alignment – require costly upfront efforts to handle specific formats/schemas. In this scenario, dataspaces emerge as a modern alternative approach to address the integration of heterogeneous sources. The classic heavyweight upfront one-step integration is replaced by an incremental integration, starting from lightweight connections, tightening and improving them when benefits worth such effort. Based on several previous work on data integration for data analysis, this work discusses the conception of a multiscale-based dataspace architecture, called LinkedScales. It departs from the notion of integration-scales within a dataspace, and defines a systematic and progressive integration process via graph-based transformations over a graph database. LinkedScales aims to provide a homogeneous view of heterogeneous sources, allowing systems to reach and produce different integration levels on demand, going from raw representations (lower scales) towards ontology-like structures (higher scales).
Personal Pervasive Environments: Practice and Experience

In this paper we present our experience designing and developing two different systems to enable personal pervasive computing environments, Plan B and the Octopus. These systems were fully implemented and have been used on a daily basis for years. Both are based on synthetic (virtual) file system interfaces and provide mechanisms to adapt to changes in the context and reconfigure the system to support pervasive applications. We also present the main differences between them, focusing on architectural and reconfiguration aspects. Finally, we analyze the pitfalls and successes of both systems and review the lessons we learned while designing, developing, and using them.
Interacting with Tangible Objects in Distributed Settings

The rapid evolution of technology has changed the way in which we can interact with interactive systems. New physical workspaces have appeared such as Multi-Device Environments (MDE). These scenarios implicitly support Distributed User Interfaces allow us to distribute user interfaces on different devices. In this way, we take advantages of distributed human innate cognition. However, interactions with pixels on these GUI screens are inconsistent with our interactions with the rest of the physical environment in which we live. In this paper, we propose two different interaction techniques based on Tangible User Interfaces (designed with NFC technology). Then, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of interaction techniques in distributed systems settings.
The President's Conference 2005: "Technology in Imaging and Radiotherapy--towards improved workflow and productivity".

Gunter Dombrowe, the President of the British Institute of Radiology (BIR), introduced the theme of this year's Conference, and explained its dual purpose - to highlight the contributions of medical and information technologies towards improving clinical practice, patient outcome and health economics; and to pay tribute to the pioneering work of Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, the inventor of CT scanning, perhaps the key technology of the digital imaging age. This Commentary provides an overview of some of the important topics discussed at the Conference. Some of the key presentations are also included in this issue. Elizabeth Beckmann reminded the audience of the early days of CT - the excitement generated by the images of the brain shown at the 32nd Congress of the BIR on 20 April 1972, the delightfully understated title of Sir Godfrey's
Routing path reuse maximization for efficient NV-FPGA reconfiguration

Non-Volatile memory-based FPGAs (NV-FPGAs) are expected to replace traditional SRAM-based FPGAs to achieve higher scalability and lower power consumption. Yet the slow write performance of NVMs not only challenges FPGA reconfiguration speed and overhead but also constrains the programming cycles of FPGAs. To efficiently configure switch boxes, the majority component of an FPGA, this paper proposes a routing path reuse technique. Technical contributions include a mathematical reconfiguration cost model of routing resources, a reuse-aware routing algorithm, as well as the incorporation of the proposed algorithm into the standard VTR CAD tool. Experiments on standard MCNC benchmarks show that the proposed scheme is able to achieve as much as 40% path reuse rate and reduce as much as 34.0% configuration cost for routing resources.
Orientation Imaging and Reorientation Dynamics of Single Dye Molecules

We introduce new techniques for obtaining single-molecule orientation images and analyzing the reorientation dynamics of single fluorescent molecules. Polarization modulation is used with confocal microscopy to measure the absorption dipole orientation and reorientation dynamics of individual dye molecules physisorbed to glass and embedded in thin, spin-cast polymer films under ambient conditions. Discrete jumps in absorption dipole orientation are observed for a significant fraction of dye molecules in all samples tested, and in all cases the distribution of first-jump times can be fitted by a stretched exponential function. A sub-population of dye molecules that is stationary on the time scale of these experiments (32 s) is observed and persists even at high excitation power. Data analysis techniques are developed for quantifying the reorientation dynamics of single molecules, and a novel method for quickly identifying rotationally mobile molecules in a scan field is introduced. A dependence of the reor.
On the domain specificity of the human language faculty and the effects of principles of computational efficiency: contrasting language and mathematics

The growth of language in the individual is determined by genetics, experience and principles of computational efficiency. The latter are taken to be part of natural laws affecting the development of biological systems. We discuss the effect of two principles of computational efficiency applying to the derivation of linguistic expressions and their interface representations. We develop the hypothesis that these principles are domain specific. They apply to language computations, but not to other cognitive computations. In this perspective, we contrast language and mathematics. We focus on indirect recursion, the recursive merger of a given projection X mediated by a functional element F: [X [ F X ]]. We posit that indirect recursion is forced by the principle of efficient computation Minimize Symmetrical Relations , whereas the intermediate functional head is not necessarily legible at the sensorimotor interface as enforced by the principle of Minimize Externalization. We discuss the results of psycholinguistic studies on the processing of complex nominals in English, which bring experimental support to our hypothesis. Furthermore, we provide evidence that indirect recursion, enforced by Minimize Symmetrical Relations and Minimize Externalization , holds for complex numerals, according to language specific parameters, differentiating, for example, Russian from Arabic. The facts indicate that indirect recursion is characteristic of the computational procedure of the human language faculty, while concatenation is available for mathematical operations in humans and animals. We discuss recent contributions of neuroscience with respect to the identification of brain pathways for language and mathematical computation. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that Minimize Symmetrical Relations and Minimize Externalization affect the computation and the processing of linguistic expressions by the human brain whereas there is no evidence that this would be the case for mathematical formulae. DOI: 10.17074/2238-975X.2015v11n1p28
Soft error mitigation through selection of noninvert implication paths

As transistor feature size scales down, soft errors in combinational logic because of high-energy particle radiation is gaining increasing concerns. In this paper, a soft error mitigation method based on accurate mathematical modeling of SER and addition of non-invert functionally redundant wires (FRWs) is proposed. In the proposed method, the factors which have significant influences on SER because of addition of FRWs are modeled to evaluate the change of SER without any simulations. Non-invert FRWs are explored and selected over previous invert FRWs to achieve the same masking effects due to the low SET probability and low overhead of non-invert wires. Experiment results on ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show that our proposed soft error mitigation method can achieve 19.73% SER reduction at the expense of 4.57% hardware, 3.24% power, and 3.81% delay overhead on average.
On the Complexity of Embeddable Simplicial Complexes

This thesis addresses the question of the maximal number of $d$-simplices for a simplicial complex which is embeddable into $\mathbb{R}^r$ for some $d \leq r \leq 2d$. A lower bound of $f_d(C_{r + 1}(n)) = \Omega(n^{\lceil\frac{r}{2}\rceil})$, which might even be sharp, is given by the cyclic polytopes. To find an upper bound for the case $r=2d$ we look for forbidden subcomplexes. A generalization of the theorem of van Kampen and Flores yields those. Then the problem can be tackled with the methods of extremal hypergraph theory, which gives an upper bound of $O(n^{d+1-\frac{1}{3^d}})$. We also consider whether these bounds can be improved by simple means.
Viral evolution under the pressure of an adaptive immune system: Optimal mutation rates for viral escape

Based on a recent model of evolving viruses competing with an adapting immune system (Kamp and Bornholdt, Co-evolution of quasispecies: B-cell mutation rates maximize viral error catastrophes. Phys Rev Lett 88, 2002), we study the conditions under which a viral quasispecies can maximize its growth rate. We find that a virus is most viable if it generates on average precisely one mutation within the time it takes for the immune system to adapt to a new viral epitope. Experimental viral mutation rates, in particular for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), seem to suggest that many viruses have achieved their optimal mutation rate.
Energy Efficient Routing Algorithms for Acquiring Information from Smart Badges

Department of Electrical EngineeringTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 32000, Israel{gilz@tx, segall@ee}. technion.ac. ilhttp://www.comnet. technion.ac. il/{~gilz, segall}Abstract—The terrorist attacks on the World TradeCenter and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 havedrawn attention to the use of wireless technology in orderto locate survivors of structural collapse. We propose toconstruct an ad hoc network of wireless smart badges inorder to acquire information from trapped survivors. Weinvestigate the energy efficient routing problem that arisesin such a network and show that since smart badges havevery limited power sources and very low data rates, whichmay be inadequate in an emergency situation, the solutionof the routing problem requires new protocols. The prob-lem is formulated as an anycast routing problem in whichthe objective is to maximize the time until the first batterydrains-out. Then, we present two methodologies that canbe used in order to develop distributed protocols for ob-taining the optimal solution of the problem.Keywords— energy efficient routing, energy conservingrouting, disaster recovery network, smart badgeI. I
Photonic bandgap fibers: optical properties and device applications

Recently emerged photonic bandgap fibers with their extraordinary optical properties offer many interesting device applications. We present the status of our work on the use of this kind of a fiber in sensing and wavelength referencing both in the 1300 and 1500 nm wavelength regions. The photonic bandgap fibers are spliced to standard single-mode fibers at input end for easy coupling and filled with gas through the other end placed in a vacuum chamber. The technique is applied to measure absorption lines of strongly absorbing gases such as acetylene and hydrogen cyanide by employing tunable lasers and LEDs as light sources. The measurement of weakly absorbing gases such as methane and ammonia is also explored. To realize a permanent wavelength reference sealing of a photonic bandgap fiber using index-matching UV-curable adhesive is demonstrated.
Parameter control mechanisms in differential evolution: A tutorial review and taxonomy

Differential evolution (DE) is a promising algorithm for continuous optimization. Its two parameters, CR and F, have great effect on the algorithm performance. In recent years many DE algorithms with parameter control mechanisms were proposed. In this paper we propose a taxonomy to classify these algorithms according to the number of candidate parameter values, the number of parameter values used in a single generation, and the source of considered information. We classify twenty-three recent studies into nine categories and review their design features. Two types of relationships between these algorithms and several research directions are also summarized.
Improving Collaborations in Neuroscientist Community

In this paper, we present a new approach, called SATIS (\emph{Semantically Annot aTed Intentions for Services}), relying on semantic web technologies and models, to assist collaboration among the members of a neurosciences community. The main expected result of this innovative work is to derive and share semantic web service specifications from neuroscientists requirements in order to perform image processing pipelines.
Dielectric recovery of copper chromium vacuum interrupter contacts after short circuit interruption

The recovery of a vacuum interrupter gap after short circuit interruption was measured by application of an overshooting transient recovery voltage (TRV) several tens of microseconds after current zero. Copper chromium contact materials were employed varying in composition (25% and 50% chromium content), gas content and production method. The gap failure was either pure dielectric or it was dominated by a significant post arc current. Correlation between these post arc current facilitated failures, the ultimately dielectric recovery and the erosion rate of the material was found. Strong indication is given that all these effects are dominated by the metal vapor pressure rise given by the constricted rotating arc. A significant influence of the material properties can be drawn from these experiments, allowing a good estimation on the capability for short circuit current interruption, thus providing a useful tool for material development.
A systematic cost-effectiveness analysis of pregabalin in the management of fibromyalgia: an Iranian experience

Introduction Fibromyalgia is a neuropathic syndrome which is more common in adult females. Pregabalin is the first medicine which was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of fibromyalgia. In this study we aimed to evaluate the cost-efficacy of pregabalin in the treatment of fibromyalgia in Iran. Material and methods To evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin, a systematic review was carried out by conducting a wide literature search for the main outcomes of interest that were pain score reduction from the baseline and the percentage of patients with more than 50% pain reduction. To evaluate costs of treatment, only the direct medical costs were considered. The calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were compared with one and three times the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as the threshold to evaluate the economic condition of treatment to be “highly cost-effective”, “cost-effective” or “not cost-effective”. Results Out of 4012 searched reports, only four reports were included in the study, all of which were randomized controlled trials with placebo controls. The calculated ICERs for pregabalin 450 mg/day and 600 mg/day with both available forms of brand and generic medicines in the country were in the range of 44–1170 US dollars (USD) and 48–814 USD, which in all cases could be considered as highly cost-effective. Pregabalin 150 mg/day based on available evidence does not have significant efficacy in comparison to placebo. But for pregabalin 300 mg/day, no decision can be made based on current data. Conclusions Our analysis indicated that generic pregabalin in the treatment doses of 450 mg/day and 600 mg/day is highly cost-effective.
‘Taking the Transference’: Some technical implications in three papers by Bion

In this clinical paper, the author presents a coherent model for conceptualising the process of establishing a ‘containing object’ in the mind of the analysand throughout the course of analysis. The technical implications offered in this model derive mainly from concepts and notions put forward in three papers by Wilfred Bion and explicated by the present author: ‘A theory of thinking’ (1962/1988), in which Bion emphasises what he calls ‘realistic projective identification’, which functions as an unconscious form of communication to and calls for understanding on the part of the analyst that is aimed towards the development of thoughts and an apparatus with which to think thought; ‘Notes on memory and desire’ (1967/1988), in which he sets forth some ‘rules’ for the analytic work that is centred on the ‘here and now’ of the evolving therapeutic interaction; and his paper on ‘Evidence’ (1976/1987), wherein he focuses on the ‘fact’ of the individual analyst's emotional experience. The author also demonstrates, through the presentation of four detailed vignettes, some of the ways in which the analytic process may fail or succeed, highlighting the import of the analyst's capacity for ‘reverie’, ‘transformation’, and ‘publication’—all aspects of the containing function. In addition, she further expands upon Bion's work with a discussion of the essentials of ‘taking the transference’ and differentiates between two main dimensions of interpretation, ‘projective’ and ‘introjective’.