Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TRPC4 in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Is Increased after Nerve Injury and Is Necessary for Neurite Outgrowth*

Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) receptors are Ca2+-permeable cation channels that have a variety of physiological functions and may be involved in neuronal development and plasticity. We investigated the expression profile of TRPC channels in adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after nerve injury and examined the role of TRPC4 in neurite outgrowth in cultured DRG neurons. Sciatic nerve transection and microinjection of dibutyryl cAMP were employed to induce axonal regeneration in vivo. TRPC4 mRNA was significantly increased whereas TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC6, and TRPC7 remained unaltered after nerve injury or dibutyryl-cAMP microinjection. The increases in TRPC4 transcript and protein were transient with maximal levels reached at 2 or 7 days, respectively. In addition, TRPC4 transcript in ND7/23 and NDC cells, hybrid cell lines derived from neonatal DRG and neuroblastoma, was substantially increased on differentiation, characterized by neurite outgrowth. In adult DRG, TRPC4 immunoreactivity was found in small and large neurons, and nerve injury increased the number of TRPC4-immunoreactive cells, particularly in large neurons. TRPC4 immunoreactivity was present in growth cones at various stages of DRG neurite outgrowth in vitro. Suppression of TRPC4 by a specific small interfering RNA or antisense significantly reduced the length of neurites in cultured DRG neurons. Expression of short hairpin RNA significantly down-regulated TRPC4 protein level and shortened neurite lengths in differentiated ND7/23 cells. The reduction in neurite lengths in ND7/23 cells was rescued by overexpression of human TRPC4. Our results suggest that TRPC4 contributes to axonal regeneration after nerve injury.
Creating Modern Neuroscience: The Revolutionary 1950s

Preface 1. Introduction: Why Study History? Why the 1940s and the 1950s? 2. Genes: Starting with DNA 3. Signaling Molecules: The First Growth Factor 4. The First Neurotransmitters in the Brain 5. Cell Biology and the Synapse 6. Physiology: The Action Potential 7. Phsyiology: Synaptic Potentials and Receptor Potentials 8. Functional Organization of Neurons and Dendrites 9. Neural Circuits: Spinal Cord, Retina, Invertebrate Systems 10. Neural Circuits: Cortical Columns and Cortical Processing 11. Neural Systems: The Neural Basis of Behavior 12. Learning and Memory: Donald Hebb, Brenda Milner, and HM 13. Neurology: Foundations of Brain Imaging 14. Neurosurgery: From Cushing to Penfield 15. Neuropsychiatry: The Breakthrough in Psychopharmacology 16. Theoretical Neuroscience: The Brain as a Computer and the Computer as a Brain References Links Notes Index
The Central Role of National Culture in Cross‐cultural Management

Prompted by the internationalization of communications and business, cross‐cultural management has emerged as a strategic research and marketplace priority of the late twentieth century (Goldman, 1994b; Hofstede, 1984). Crucial to the study and the operationalizing of this subject matter is the placement of “culture” at the core of both management and international business. No longer an afterthought or footnote, culture(s) must be carefully scrutinized in the process of forging managerial systems and policies. A thorough understanding of indigenous cultures is a precursor to managerial decision making and innovations, especially in cross‐cultural, international ventures. Native culture is particularly relevant in the case of the movement of total quality management (TQM) within the global business community.
Combined Loss of INK4a and Caveolin-1 Synergistically Enhances Cell Proliferation and Oncogene-induced Tumorigenesis

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process that involves a series of genetic changes or “multiple hits,” leading to alterations in signaling, proliferation, immortalization, and transformation. Many of the molecular factors that govern tumor initiation and progression remain unknown. Here, we evaluate the transformation suppressor potential of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and its ability to cooperate with a well established tumor suppressor, the INK4a locus. To study the effects of loss of caveolin-1 on cellular transformation, we established immortalized primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing and lacking caveolin-1 by interbreeding Cav-1 (+/+) and Cav-1 (-/-) mice with INK4a (-/-) mice. Analysis of these cells reveals that loss of caveolin-1 confers a significant growth advantage, as measured via cellular proliferation and cell cycle analysis. Loss of caveolin-1 in the INK4a (-/-) genetic background results in constitutive hyperactivation of the p42/44 MAP kinase cascade, decreased expression of p21Cip1, as well as cyclin D1 and PCNA overexpression, consistent with their hyperproliferative phenotype. Importantly, in cells lacking Cav-1 expression, transformation by activated oncogenes (H-RasG12V or v-Src) results in increased tumor growth in vivo (up to >40-fold). Finally, INK4a (-/-)/Cav-1 (-/-) mice demonstrate disturbed mammary epithelial ductal morphology, with hyperplasia, increased side-branching, and fibrosis. Our results provide important new evidence for the transformation suppressor properties of Cav-1 and the first molecular genetic evidence that Cav-1 cooperates with a tumor suppressor, namely the INK4a genetic locus.
Left Renal Vein Compression and Horseshoe Kidney: An Extraordinary Association

Objective: Our aim was to report the importance of an awareness of renal artery variations if surgical procedures are indicated in this region. Presentation and Intervention: A 41-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital for preoperative staging of the rectum carcinoma. A computed tomography (CT) scan clearly revealed the presence of normally positioned small right and left renal arteries, and a large aberrant renal artery originating from the distal abdominal aorta in a case with a horseshoe kidney (HSK). A multidetector CT angiography was performed using a 256-detector row CT scanner to obtain an image of vascular structures and associated pathologies. Conclusion: In this patient with HSK, the left renal vein compression was unusual and the CT examination provided a good delineation of vascular and urinary tract anomalies.
No jogo das interações em sala de aula de matemática: implicações da pergunta do professor Role of interactions in math classrooms: implications of teacher´s questions

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as situacoes de interacoes discursivas presentes na pergunta do professor que favorecem a compreensao pelos alunos. Analisei essas situacoes de interacoes discursivas presentes na pergunta do professor utilizando elementos da teoria da linguagem de Bakhtin, mas de modo especial, o conceito de compreensao. Faco uma analise qualitativa dos dados da pesquisa, coletados em uma escola privada, por meio de observacao, registrados em video-gravacao das aulas. Os resultados mostram tres situacoes de interacao presentes nas perguntas da professora que favorecem a compreensao pelo aluno: 1) perguntas que visam manter a atencao do aluno; 2) perguntas que podem ser respondidas com respostas curtas; 3) perguntas que solicitam uma reposta mais longa do aluno e mostram conhecimento do professor. As duas primeiras situacoes sao caracterizadas pelo que denominei de compreensao intermediaria, e a terceira situacao por uma compreensao ativa plena dos alunos. Abstract The primary objective of this article is to analyze discursive interactions in teachers´ questions favoring understanding in the classroom. Elements of Bakhtin´s theory of language, especially the comprehension concept, were used to analyze the situations with discursive interactions. A qualitative analysis was used in this study, and the data were collected from a private school through class observations with video recordings. The results showed three interaction situations in the teacher´s questions favoring understanding in classroom: 1) questions aiming to elicit students´ attention; 2) questions requiring short answers; 3) questions requiring longer answers and revealing the teacher´s knowledge as well. The two first situations could be regarded as intermediate comprehension, whereas the third as entirely active comprehension.
The role of glucocorticoids and corticotropin-releasing hormone regulation on anxiety symptoms and response to treatment

The stress response has been linked to the expression of anxiety and depression, but the mechanisms for these connections are under continued consideration. The activation and expression of glucocorticoids and CRH are variable and may hold important clues to individual experiences of mood disorders. This paper explores the interactions of glucocorticoids and CRH in the presentation of anxiety and depressive disorders in an effort to better describe their differing roles in each of these clinical presentations. In addition, it focuses on ways in which extra-hypothalamic glucocorticoids and CRH, often overlooked, may play important roles in the presentation of clinical disorders.
Crime in the Cloud: An Analysis of the Use of Cloud Services for Cybercrime

With the rise of cloud computing services, cybercriminals discover new and improved ways of conducting cybercrime, using cloud services as their instrument of choice. This paper presents an overview of the misuse of cloud computing services for several malicious purposes, through a literature study and through studying real examples of misuse. Furthermore, a quantication of misuse of cloud services will be presented, for the specic case of email spam. Our study shows that there are major dierences in the percentage of IP addresses operated by cloud providers that are listed in the PSBL blacklist.
Handbook of autonomic nervous system dysfunction

Autonomic Nervous System: Introduction, Amos D. Korczyn Neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System, Pamela Milner and Geoffrey Burnstock Consequences of Denervation: Supersensitivity and Reinnervation, Amos D. Korczyn Neuropathology of the Autonomic Nervous System, Hans H. Goebel and Jurgen R.E. Bohl Classification of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction, Christopher J. Mathias Horner's Syndrome, Baruch El-Ad Autonomic Neuropathy in Chagas' Disease, Augusto Fernandez-Krekeler and Gerard Said Familial Dysautonomia: Hereditary Autonomic and Sensory Neuropathy Type III, Natan Gadoth Hirschsprung's Disease: Clinical and Nerophysiological Aspects, Omri Z. Lernau and Menachem Hanani Autonomic Failure, David Robertson Clinical Aspects of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Robert J. Schwartzman Hyperhidrosis of the Palms and Soles, Amnon Mosek and Amos D. Korczyn Cardiac Involvement in Neuromuscular Diseases, Giovanni Nigro Syncopes and the Autonomic Nervous System, Fiorella Simone Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy, Roy Freeman Autonomic Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease and Shy-Drager Syndrome, Emilia Martignoni, Claudio Pacchetti, Giuseppe Micieli, and Giuseppe Nappi Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathies, Edison Miyawaki and Roy Freeman Autonomic Side Effects of Drugs, Amos D. Korczyn Salivary Gland Disorders Associated with Autonomic Dysfunction, Andy Wolff Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Neurological Disease, Ronald F. Pfeiffer, Eamonn M. M. Quigley, and Lorraine L. Edwards Childhood Enuresis, Marjo-Riitla Jarvelin Urethral Sphincteric Mechanisms, R. L. Vereechen Sexual Dysfunction, Carlos Singer Sympathetic Block and Sympathectomy, David Niv and Chayen S. Mark Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Study of Autonomic Failure, Jean-Michel Senard, Olivier Rascol, A. Rascol, and Jean-Louis Montastruc Investigation of Autonomic Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Horacio Kaufmann Spectral Analysis of Fluctuations in Heart Rate and Other Cardiovascular Parameters as a Tool for the Assessment of Autonomic Control, Solange Akselrod Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Humans, Shigetaka Hakusui, Akira Takahashi, and Tadaaki Mano Sympathetic Skin Response, Vivian E. Drory Sudomotor Dysfunction and Its Investigation, Mikihiro Kihara, Robert D. Fealey, Akira Takahashi, and James D. Schmelzer Skin Wrinkling on Immersion of Hands in Water: A Test of Sympathetic Function, Jackson Braham, Menachem Sadeh, and Ida Sarova-Pinhas Light and Ciliospinal Reflexes: Pupil Pharmacology, Pupil Cycle Time Test, and Puplillography, Sergiu C. Blumen Cold Pressor Test, M. Scharf and Amos D. Korczyn
Effects of dissolved mercury on embryo-genesis, survival, growth and metamorphosis of Crassostrea gigas oyster larvae

The effects of mercury (Hg) concentrations ranging from 0 (control) to 1024 µg 1-1 upon embryogenesis, survival, growth and metamorphosis of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) oyster larvae were investigated. Embryogenesis was abnormal in 50 % of the individuals at 11 µg 1-1 . The 48 h LD50 for D·shaped, umbonate and pediveliger larvae were 33, 115 and 200 µg 1-1 respectively. The increase in LD50 was partially explained by the larval weight increase, although weight-specific tolerance to Hg was higher in smaller larvae. Growth, the most sensitive physiological process studied, was significantly retarded at 4 µg 1-1. The metamorphosis rate was significantly reduced when competent pediveligers were exposed to 64 µg 1-1 for 48 h prior to the addition of the metamorphosis inducer epinephrine. The implications of the present results for monitoring pollution by utilising different bivalve larval stages are discussed.
Recombinant Sindbis Viruses Expressing a Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope of a Malaria Parasite or of Influenza Virus Elicit Protection against the Corresponding Pathogen in Mice

ABSTRACT Subcutaneous administration in mice of recombinant Sindbis viruses expressing a class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted 9-mer epitope of the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein or the nucleoprotein of influenza virus induces a large epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell response. This immunization also elicits a high degree of protection against infection with malaria or influenza A virus.
Reference Point Based Evolutionary Approach forWorkflow Grid Scheduling

computing facilitates the users to consume the services over the network. In order to optimize the workflow execution, multi-objective scheduling algorithm is required. In this paper, we considered two conflicting objectives of execution time (makespan) and total cost. We propose a scheduling algorithm, using Reference Point Based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (R-NSGA-II), which provides the optimal scheduling solutions near the regions of user preference within the given quality of service constraints. The simulation results show the multiple solutions are obtained near each user specified regions of interest.
Understanding decisions Latino students make regarding persistence in the science and math pipeline

This qualitative study focused on the knowledge and perceptions of Latino high school students, as well those of their parents and school personnel, at a southwestern, suburban high school regarding persistence in the math/science pipeline. In the context of the unique school and community setting these students experience, the decisionmaking process was examined with particular focus on characterizing the relationships that influence the process. While the theoretical framework that informs this study was that of social capital, its primary purpose was to inform the school’s processes and policy in support of increased Latino participation in the math and science pipeline. Since course selection may be the most powerful factor affecting school achievement and college-preparedness, and since course selection is influenced by school policy, school personnel, students, parents, and teachers alike, it is important to understand the beliefs and perceptions that characterize the relationships among them. The qualitative research design involved a phenomenological study of nine Latino students, their parents, their teachers and counselors, and certain support personnel from the high school. The school’s and community’s environment in support of academic intensity served as context for the portrait that developed. Given rapidly changing demographics that bring more and more Latino students to suburban high schools, the persistent achievement gap experienced by Latino students, and the growing dependence of the world economy on a citizenry versed in the mathand science-related fields, a deeper understanding of the decision-making processes Latino
The Isotope Array, a New Tool That Employs Substrate-Mediated Labeling of rRNA for Determination of Microbial Community Structure and Function

ABSTRACT A new microarray method, the isotope array approach, for identifying microorganisms which consume a 14C-labeled substrate within complex microbial communities was developed. Experiments were performed with a small microarray consisting of oligonucleotide probes targeting the 16S rRNA of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Total RNA was extracted from a pure culture of Nitrosomonas eutropha grown in the presence of [14C]bicarbonate. After fluorescence labeling of the RNA and microarray hybridization, scanning of all probe spots for fluorescence and radioactivity revealed that specific signals were obtained and that the incorporation of 14C into rRNA could be detected unambiguously. Subsequently, we were able to demonstrate the suitability of the isotope array approach for monitoring community composition and CO2 fixation activity of AOB in two nitrifying activated-sludge samples which were incubated with [14C]bicarbonate for up to 26 h. AOB community structure in the activated-sludge samples, as predicted by the microarray hybridization pattern, was confirmed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative amoA sequence analyses. CO2 fixation activities of the AOB populations within the complex activated-sludge communities were detectable on the microarray by 14C incorporation and were confirmed independently by combining FISH and microautoradiography. AOB rRNA from activated sludge incubated with radioactive bicarbonate in the presence of allylthiourea as an inhibitor of AOB activity showed no incorporation of 14C and thus was not detectable on the radioactivity scans of the microarray. These results suggest that the isotope array can be used in a PCR-independent manner to exploit the high parallelism and discriminatory power of microarrays for the direct identification of microorganisms which consume a specific substrate in the environment.
Ca2+-stabilized adhesin helps an Antarctic bacterium reach out and bind ice

The large size of a 1.5-MDa ice-binding adhesin [MpAFP (Marinomonas primoryensis antifreeze protein)] from an Antarctic Gram-negative bacterium, M. primoryensis, is mainly due to its highly repetitive RII (Region II). MpAFP_RII contains roughly 120 tandem copies of an identical 104-residue repeat. We have previously determined that a single RII repeat folds as a Ca2+-dependent immunoglobulin-like domain. Here, we solved the crystal structure of RII tetra-tandemer (four tandem RII repeats) to a resolution of 1.8 Å. The RII tetra-tandemer reveals an extended (~190-Å × ~25-Å), rod-like structure with four RII-repeats aligned in series with each other. The inter-repeat regions of the RII tetra-tandemer are strengthened by Ca2+ bound to acidic residues. SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) profiles indicate the RII tetra-tandemer is significantly rigidified upon Ca2+ binding, and that the protein's solution structure is in excellent agreement with its crystal structure. We hypothesize that >600 Ca2+ help rigidify the chain of ~120 104-residue repeats to form a ~0.6 μm rod-like structure in order to project the ice-binding domain of MpAFP away from the bacterial cell surface. The proposed extender role of RII can help the strictly aerobic, motile bacterium bind ice in the upper reaches of the Antarctic lake where oxygen and nutrients are most abundant. Ca2+-induced rigidity of tandem Ig-like repeats in large adhesins might be a general mechanism used by bacteria to bind to their substrates and help colonize specific niches.
COMPARATIVE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF LEVOMEPROMAZINE AND MORPHINE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PAIN.

Apart from its ability to potentiate the action of narcotics, levomepromazine, a phenothiazine derivative, was shown to possess its own analgesic activity comparable to that of morphine at a 3:2 dose relationship.In a double-blind crossover study of 18 patients suffering from chronic pain (cancer and arthritis), levomepromazine (15 mg.) was compared with morphine (10 mg.) and placebo. Three hours after intramuscular administration, levomepromazine proved to be significantly superior to placebo (p < .05) and indistinguishable from morphine. Evaluations of pain relief by estimations of changes in pain intensity were found to correlate well with evaluations based on recognition of pain relief exceeding 50%. The potent analgesic effect of levomepromazine was obtained at the price of excessive sedation. This, however, was considered an acceptable side effect in a patient suffering from chronic pain. These results provide encouragement in the quest for a non-addicting substitute for morphine.
Excessive anticoagulation with warfarin or phenprocoumon may have multiple causes.

INTRODUCTION Excessive anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists is a serious condition with a substantial risk of an adverse outcome. We thus found it of interest to review a large case series to characterize the underlying causes of excessive anticoagulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients were identified both retrospectively and prospectively. The inclusion criteria were an international normalized ratio (INR) > 6.5 or INR > 3.5 and significant bleeding. Patient charts were reviewed for a predefined set of possible causes: Drug-drug interactions, alcohol abuse, disease, start-up or recent change in dosage and dosage errors. RESULTS In 86 of 107 admissions one or more causal event were identified. The two most common causes of excessive anticoagulation were disease and drug-drug interactions. The two most common drug-drug interactions were with paracetamol and tramadol. In 44 admissions, a single cause was identified; in 42, two or more causes were identified. CONCLUSION Although it is difficult to identify single initiatives that may reduce the number of admissions due to excessive anticoagulation, interesting areas include a stronger focus on frequent INR control during the various states of disease and heightened attention to drug-drug interactions. FUNDING Not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not relevant.
Medical tourism--health care in the global economy.

Although physician executives are certainly aware that some patients bypass their hospital, clinic or ambulatory surgery center on the way to the airport to have care in other cities, they may be somewhat surprised to learn that an increasing number of patients are traveling to a wide variety of destinations around the world for medical, surgical and dental care. Driven by a number of forces outside typical medical referral systems, these “medical tourists” seek modern health care at affordable prices in countries at variable levels of development. Medical tourism is different from the traditional form of international medical care where patients typically journey from less developed nations to major medical centers in highly developed countries for advanced medical treatment.
The Sixth Decade of the Thyristor

—The invention of the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) in the late 1950s, today known as thyristor has led to the revolution in the control of electric power, i.e. in the field of power electronics. At present, about 70% of electric power is consumed by the process of power electronic equipments, and it is expected to grow up in the future. This paper is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the thyristor. The first part of the paper is dealing with the history and the second with the evolution from SCR to IGCT and ETO and the main characteristics of several members of the thyristor family.