Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RECOGNITION CAN BE HARDER THAN PARSING

The work presented here attempts to bring out some fundamental concepts that underlie some known parsing algorithms, usually called chart or dynamic programming parsers, in the hope of guiding the design of similar algorithms for other formalisms that could be considered for describing the “surface” syntax of languages. The key idea is that chart parsing is essentially equivalent to a simple construction of the intersection of the language (represented by its grammar) with a regular set containing only the input sentence to be parsed (represented by a finite state machine). The resulting grammar for that intersection is precisely what is usually called a shared forest: it represents all parses of a syntactically ambiguous sentence. Since most techniques for processing ill‐formed input can be modeled by considering a nonsingleton regular set of input sentences, we can expect to generalize these ill‐formed input processing techniques to all parsers describable with our approach.
Contraindications of Vasoconstrictors in Dentistry

The association of a vasoconstrictor with a local anaesthetic solution is indicated because the vasoconstrictor decreases the intravascular passage of the injected solution and thus ensures an increase in duration and depth of the anaesthesia while reducing the systemic effects of the solution. Adrenaline is the main vasoconstrictor used today in local anaesthesia for dental treatments as it provides deeper anaesthesia, almost bloodless operative field and reduces the rate of absorption of local anaesthetic agents in the bloodstream by decreasing their plasma concentration. Vasoconstrictors can be used safely for most patients treated by dentists. But with the boon they also bring unknown medical complications which are more commonly not undergoing medical treatment like different cardiovascular diseases and other systemic diseases which if applied in those medically compromised patients can lead to life risk. In this review article various contraindications of vasoconstrictors to dentistry are being discussed.
Short-ended coplanar strip antenna for UHF RFID tags

Recently, more and more research activities have been focused on the radio frequency identification (RFID) systems due to their applications in the supply chain management and security identifications. Among them, the design of small tag antennas with high inductive impedances is one of the most challenging tasks. To have a better power transfer between the tag antenna and the chip, the input impedance of the antenna must be conjugate matched to the chip impedance, which, in most cases, is highly capacitive. In this paper, a short-ended coplanar strip (CPS) antenna with very small size is proposed to be highly inductive. A prototype of this antenna designed at UHF band and conjugate matched to the chip impedance Zc = 16-j350 Omega of the Philips EPC 1.19 ASIC is implemented and tested. Details of the antenna design and simulation and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Evaluation of a Novel Time-Efficient Protocol for Gadobenate Dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-Enhanced Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective:We sought to evaluate gadobenate dimeglumine for the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions in the unenhanced and already pre-enhanced liver. Materials and Methods:Sixty patients were evaluated prospectively. Unenhanced T1-weighted gradient echo (T1wGRE) and T2-weighted turbo spin echo (T2wTSE) images were acquired followed by contrast-enhanced T1wGRE images during the dynamic, equilibrium, and delayed phases after the bolus injection of 0.05 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine. An identical series of dynamic images was then acquired after the delayed scan following a second 0.05 mmol/kg bolus of gadobenate dimeglumine. Images were evaluated randomly in 2 sessions by 3 independent blinded readers. Evaluated images in the first session comprised the unenhanced images, the first or second set of dynamic images, and the delayed images. The second session included the unenhanced images, the dynamic images not yet evaluated in the first session, and the delayed images. The 2 reading sessions were compared for lesion characterization and diagnosis, and kappa (&kgr;) values for interobserver agreement were determined. Quantitative evaluation of lesion contrast enhancement was also performed. Results:The enhancement behavior in the second dynamic series was similar to that in the first series, although pre-enhancement of the normal liver resulted in reduced lesion-liver contrast-to-noise ratios and the visualization of some lesions only on arterial phase images. Typical imaging features for the lesions included in the study were visualized clearly in both series. Strong agreement (&kgr; = 0.56–0.89; all evaluations) between the 2 images sets was noted by all readers for differentiation of benign from malignant lesions and for definition of specific diagnosis, and between readers for diagnoses established based on images acquired in the unenhanced and pre-enhanced liver. Conclusion:Dynamic imaging in the hepatobiliary phase gives similar information as dynamic imaging of the unenhanced liver. This might prove advantageous for screening protocols involving same session imaging of primary extrahepatic tumors and liver.
Current practice in the development and evaluation of spoken language dialogue systems

The growing industrial take-up of spoken language dialogue systems (SLDSs), their constantly increasing sophistication, and the scarcity of teams which master the full system complexity as well as all the necessary steps in the SLDSs lifecycle, has created a felt need for a best practice model for development and evaluation of SLDSs. An obvious first step towards establishing a best practice model is to build a solid overview of current practice. This paper presents a model for the description of SLDS current practice with particular focus on dialogue management and human factors.
Alternative antenna measuring methods with use of impulse UWB radar

This paper presents alternative methods of measuring the electric properties of antennas. In this case, the UWB impulse radar system is used. Also, the paper describes a relatively low cost measuring system, its calibration, verification and calculation methods of the required parameters - return loss and radiation pattern. All experimental results obtained by UWB radar are compared with the results obtained by measurements in an anechoic chamber. Experimental results of the measurements using UWB impulse radar system show good agreement with the simulated performance and with the measurements in the anechoic chamber.
Morphogenesis of Lateral Choroid Plexus During Human Embryonic Period

The morphological and histological changes of the choroid plexus (CP) during Carnegie stage (CS) 18 and CS23 were presented, based on magnetic resonance imaging data and histological serial section of human embryos from the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos. The primordium of the CP was initially detected as a small lump at CS19 that grew caudally, so that the CP became crescent shaped. It developed in all directions after CS21, as the dorsal and frontal growth also became prominent. The CP formed a number of undulating surfaces at CS20, irregular bulges at CS21, and then three large clusters with two deep fissures on the caudal surface at CS23. The mean volume of the CP was 0.282±0.141 mm3 at CS19; it reached 16.8±8.77 mm3 at CS23. Additionally, the histology was different depending on the regions of the CP at all stages after CS20. The epithelium and angioblasts in the center of the stroma were proliferated in the proximal region, whereas the epithelium was differentiated and lobulated in the distal region where the blood vascular system was organized. The histological differentiation was mapped on the CP reconstructed from histological serial sections. The data suggested the correlation between morphological information obtained from magnetic resonance data sets and distribution of the differentiation. With the help of morphological analysis and histological findings, we have been able to categorize each CP into specific stages. These findings will be useful in clinical evaluation of development during the embryonic period. Anat Rec, 296:692–700, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tracking head pose and focus of attention with multiple far-field cameras

In this work we present our recent approach on estimating head orientations and foci of attention of multiple people in a smart room, which is equipped with several cameras to monitor the room. In our approach, we estimate each person's head orientation with respect to the room coordinate system by using all camera views. We implemented a Neural Network to estimate head pose on every single camera view, a Bayes filter is then applied to integrate every estimate into one final, joint hypothesis. Using this scheme, we can track peoples' horizontal head orientations in a full 360° range at almost all positions within the room. The tracked head orientations are then used to determine who is looking at whom, i.e. people's focus of attention. We report experimental results on one meeting video, that was recorded in the smart room.
Close Genetic Relationship Between Semitic‐speaking and Indo‐European‐speaking Groups in Iran

As part of a continuing investigation of the extent to which the genetic and linguistic relationships of populations are correlated, we analyzed mtDNA HV1 sequences, eleven Y chromosome bi‐allelic markers, and 9 Y‐STR loci in two neighboring groups from the southwest of Iran who speak languages belonging to different families: Indo‐European‐speaking Bakhtiari, and Semitic‐speaking Arabs. Both mtDNA and the Y chromosome, showed a close relatedness of these groups with each other and with neighboring geographic groups, irrespective of the language spoken. Moreover, Semitic‐speaking North African groups are more distant genetically from Semitic‐speaking groups from the Near East and Iran. Thus, geographical proximity better explains genetic relatedness between populations than does linguistic relatedness in this part of the world.
Correction: Changes in Functional Integration with the Non-Epileptic Temporal Lobe of Patients with Unilateral Mesiotemporal Epilepsy

Purpose: To investigate epilepsy-induced changes in effective connectivity between the non-epileptic amygdalo-hippocampal complex (AHC) and the rest of the brain in patients with unilateral mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Methods: Thirty-three patients with unilateral MTLE associated with HS (20 females, mean age: 36 years, 19 left HS) and 33 adult controls matched for age and gender underwent 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Right-HS patients' FDG-PET data were flipped to obtain a left–epileptic–focus–lateralized group of patients. Voxels of interest (VOI) were selected within the cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps of the non-epileptic AHC (probability level = 100%, SPM8 Anatomy toolbox v1.7). Patients and controls were compared using VOI metabolic activity as covariate of interest to search for epilepsy-induced changes in the contribution of the non-epileptic AHC to the level of metabolic activity in other brain areas. Age, gender, duration of epilepsy, seizure type and frequency were used as covariates of no-interest for connectivity analyses. Key findings: Significant decrease in effective connectivity was found between the non-epileptic AHC and ventral prefrontal cortical areas bilaterally, as well as with the temporal pole and the posterior cingulate cortex contralateral to HS. Significant increase in connectivity was found between the non-epileptic AHC and midline structures, such as the anterior cingulate and dorsal medial prefrontal cortices, as well as the temporo-parietal junction bilaterally. Connectivity analyses also revealed a preserved positive connectivity between the non-epileptic and the epileptic AHC in the patients' group. Significance: This study evidences epilepsy-induced changes in connectivity between the non-epileptic AHC and some limbic and default mode network areas. These changes in connectivity probably account for emotional, cognitive and decision-making impairments frequently observed in MTLE patients. The preserved neurometabolic connectivity between the non-epileptic and the epileptic AHC in MTLE patients is pivotal to explain the epilepsy-induced changes found in this study. Copyright: ß 2013 Trotta et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. grant of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Belgium). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA Upregulation in Rat Sensory Neurons after Spinal Nerve Ligation: Lack of a Role in Allodynia Development

Pharmacological evidence suggests a functional role for spinal nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of thermal and/or inflammatory hyperalgesia. To assess the role of NO in nerve injury-induced tactile allodynia, we examined neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) expression in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats with tactile allodynia because of either tight ligation of the left fifth and sixth lumbar spinal nerves or streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy. RNase protection assays indicated that nNOS mRNA (1) was upregulated in DRG, but not spinal cord, neurons on the injury side beginning 1 d after nerve ligation, (2) peaked (∼10-fold increase) at 2 d, and (3) remained elevated for at least 13 weeks. A corresponding increase in DRG nNOS protein was also observed and localized principally to small and occasionally medium-size sensory neurons. In rats with diabetic neuropathy, there was no significant change in DRG nNOS mRNA. However, similar increases in DRG nNOS mRNA were observed in rats that did not develop allodynia after nerve ligation and in rats fully recovered from allodynia 3 months after the nerve ligation. Systemic treatment with a specific pharmacological inhibitor of nNOS failed to prevent or reverse allodynia in nerve-injured rats. Thus, regulation of nNOS may contribute to the development of neuronal plasticity after specific types of peripheral nerve injury. However, upregulation of nNOS is not responsible for the development and/or maintenance of allodynia after nerve injury.
Acute Effects of Static and Ballistic Stretching on Measures of Strength and Power

Samuel, MN, Holcomb, WR, Guadagnoli, MA, Rubley, MD, and Wallmann, H. Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power. J Strength Cond Res 22(5): 1422-1428, 2008-Preactivity stretching is commonly performed by athletes as part of their warm-up routine. However, the most recent literature questions the effectiveness of preactivity stretching. One limitation of this research is that the stretching duration is not realistic for most athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a practical duration of acute static and ballistic stretching on vertical jump (VJ), lower-extremity power, and quadriceps and hamstring torque. Twenty-four subjects performed a 5-minute warm-up followed by each of the following three conditions on separate days with order counterbalanced: static stretching, ballistic stretching, or no-stretch control condition. Vertical jump was determined with the Vertec VJ system and was also calculated from the ground-reaction forces collected from a Kistler force plate, which also were used to calculate power. Torque output of the quadriceps and hamstrings was measured through knee extension and flexion on the Biodex System 3 Dynamometer at 60°·s−1. Data normalized for body weight were analyzed using five separate, 3 (stretch condition) × 2 (gender) analysis-of-variance procedures with repeated measures on the factor of stretch condition. The gender × stretch interaction was not significant for any of the four measures, suggesting that the stretching conditions did not affect men and women differently. The results of this study reveal that static and ballistic stretching did not affect VJ, or torque output for the quadriceps and hamstrings. Despite no adverse effect on VJ, stretching did cause a decrease in lower-extremity power, which was surprising. Because of the mixed results, strength coaches would be better served to use dynamic stretching before activity; this has been consistently supported by the literature.
Survivin dynamics increases at centromeres during G2/M phase transition and is regulated by microtubule-attachment and Aurora B kinase activity

The inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin is implicated in two key biological events: in the control of cell proliferation and in the regulation of cell lifespan. Although the details of mitotic roles of survivin are unclear, the protein appears to modulate microtubule function and might participate in regulating the spindle checkpoint. Survivin physically associates with Aurora B, a serine-threonine kinase involved in microtubule attachment to centromeres and regulation of chromosome segregation. Here we have examined the dynamics and localization of a survivin-GFP chimera using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy and photobleaching. Survivin forms a bi-partite structure at the inner centromere that undergoes significant stretching during mitosis. Photobleaching experiments revealed marked changes in rates of survivin turnover at centromeres. These were regulated by stage of the cell cycle, microtubule attachment, and Aurora B kinase activity. We hypothesize that changes in the turnover of survivin at centromeres influence the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachment and signaling of the spindle checkpoint.
Performance Analysis of Generalized MC DS-CDMA System

After studying several researches in the direction of Multicarrier direct sequence-code division multiple access (MC DS-CDMA) which is a novel radio access scheme that combines time domain spreading and multicarrier modulation suffer from the interference among users. This phenomenon is called multiple access interference. Our paper is devoted for reducing the above problem as well as discussing the performance result analysis.
Differential equations for phase-based stereo-vision

In this work, the phase-difference-based technique for disparity estimation in stereo vision is formulated in terms of variational calculus. Non-local operations such as image convolutions with Gabor-like filters are replaced by solutions of systems of coupled differential equations (DE), whose degree depends on the smoothness of the convolution kernel. The variational formulation of the whole disparity-estimation problem allows the introduction of new computational features: (1) a regularization scheme that reduces irregularities in the computed disparity field; and (2) a coupling between the filter parameters and the system output in order to optimize DE system performance. In the perspective of analog computation on discrete lattice networks, this work indicates the possibility of performing a complex and global filtering operation by means of local operators.
p53 codon 72 polymorphism and coronary artery disease: Evidence of interaction with ACP1

Summary Background Common biological features between cancer and atherosclerosis suggest possible association of p53 with atherosclerotic diseases, but data on such a relationship are controversial, suggesting interactions with other variables. Acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) is a polymorphic gene that controls the synthesis of an enzyme involved in important metabolic functions. Since ACP1 is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), we searched for possible interactions between this enzyme and p53 codon 72 polymorphism with regard to their effects on susceptibility to CAD. Material/Methods The study included 381 patients admitted to the hospital for cardiovascular disease (232 patients with CAD and 149 with other cardiovascular problems) and 97 healthy newborns. Results The proportion of subjects carrying the *Pro allele of p53 codon 72 and the high activity *B*C genotype of ACP1 is higher in CAD (10.3%) than in non-CAD patients (2.0%) and in healthy newborns (6.2%). Conclusions The data suggest an interaction between p53 codon 72 and ACP1 wherein a positive effect of the p53 *Pro allele on susceptibility to CAD occurs, but only in the presence of the ACP1 genotype characterized by high enzymatic activity.
Epidemiology of breast cancer in young women in the West of Iran

The incidence of breast cancer (BC) in young women (age < 35) is low. The aim of the present study was to investigate clinico pathological characteristics in young BC patients (35 and less than 35 years old) for the first time in the West of Iran with focusing on recurrence. Between of 2001 to 2008, 79 women with BC referred to our Clinic that all patients had age≤35 years at diagnosis. Age, sex, stage, grade, survival, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, recurrence, tumor markers, lymph node invasion, history of BC, age at first menstruation and age at first pregnancy were checked in the patients. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity was defined as≥10% positive tumor cells with nuclear staining. Nuclear grade І, ІІ and ІІІ were for 25.3%, 49.4% and 25.3% patients and also 24%, 53.1% and 22.9% for histological grade І, ІІ and ІІІ, respectively. Four patients (5.1%), 50(63.3%), 21(26.7%) and 3(3.9%) had stage І, ІІ, ІІІ and ІV, respectively. Out of 55 patients with lymph node invasion, 35 (63.6%) had 1-3 involvement lymph nodes, 17(30.9%) had 4-10 and 3(5.5%) had >10. Of all patients, 16(20.2%) had recurrence and 22 (27.8%) had history of BC. There was significant correlation between age, stage, metastatic lymph nodes and survival with recurrence (P<0.05). In conclusion, Low age, higher stage and lymph node metastases with four or more positive nodes are prognostic factors for recurrence in young patients with BC.
Receptor-Mediated Increase in Cytoplasmic Free Calcium Required for Activation of Pathogen Defense in Parsley

Transient influx of Ca2+ constitutes an early element of signaling cascades triggering pathogen defense responses in plant cells. Treatment with the Phytophthora sojae–derived oligopeptide elicitor, Pep-13, of parsley cells stably expressing apoaequorin revealed a rapid increase in cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca2+]cyt), which peaked at ∼1 μM and subsequently declined to sustained values of 300 nM. Activation of this biphasic [Ca2+]cyt signature was achieved by elicitor concentrations sufficient to stimulate Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane, oxidative burst, and phytoalexin production. Sustained concentrations of [Ca2+]cyt but not the rapidly induced [Ca2+]cyt transient peak are required for activation of defense-associated responses. Modulation by pharmacological effectors of Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane or of Ca2+ release from internal stores suggests that the elicitor-induced sustained increase of [Ca2+]cyt predominantly results from the influx of extracellular Ca2+. Identical structural features of Pep-13 were found to be essential for receptor binding, increases in [Ca2+]cyt, and activation of defense-associated responses. Thus, a receptor-mediated increase in [Ca2+]cyt is causally involved in signaling the activation of pathogen defense in parsley.