Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent projection-operator approach to master equations for coupled systems

In this paper we derive master equations for two or more systems coupled to each other, perhaps strongly, by using a generalization of the usual projection-operator technique to include time-dependent projection operators. The coupled systems may be either similar or dissimilar and classical or quantum mechanical. Whereas the customary approaches to coupled systems are best able to treat situations in which some of the systems are "baths" with a specified density operator or phase-space probability density, our approach allows us to treat situations where it is necessary or convenient to treat the coupled systems on an equal footing. In our scheme the "relevant" part of the full density operator is considered to be the uncorrelated part of the full density operator and is a symmetric functional of the reduced density operators of each of the coupled subsystems. The "irrelevant" part of the density operator is then the part describing correlations between the coupled systems. Our formalism is particularly useful where systems are coupled to one another predominantly in a self-consistent fashion. First, we develop exact master equations for two coupled systems, taking as our prototype the dynamical problem of quantum optics, where a spatially extended collection of two-level atoms interact with a multimode optical field. We then generalize our results to $N$ coupled systems, taking as our prototype the kinetics of a classical nonideal gas interacting through two-body forces, and derive exact master equations for the system. We then consider as examples several approximate theories resulting from our exact equations. In the case of the imperfect gas we investigate the low-density limit and show how Bogoliubov's form of the Boltzmann equation emerges from our formalism, as well as corrections due to Klimontovich. We consider as special cases of our exact quantum-optical equations the equations in the first Born approximation, with and without memory, and show how several existing quantum-optical master equations are contained in our general results. As a second example in quantum optics, we consider the case where the predominant behavior of the system is described by the self-consistent-field or coupled Bloch and Maxwell equations and derive a first-order perturbation description for deviations from self-consistent-field behavior.
Redox State of Human Serum Albumin in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study

Like in many other pathologies, oxidative stress is involved in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the main protein in different body fluids including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). By its redox state in terms of cysteine-34, albumin serves as marker for oxidative burden. We aimed to evaluate the redox state of HSA in patients with multiple sclerosis in serum and CSF in comparison to controls to identify possible correlations with disease activity and severity. Samples were stored at −70 °C until analysis by HPLC for the determination of albumin redox state in terms of the fractions of human mercaptalbumin (HMA), human nonmercaptalbumin1 (HNA1), and human nonmercaptalbumin2 (HNA2). Albumin in CSF showed significantly higher fractions of the reduced form HMA and decreased HNA1 and HNA2. There was no difference between albumin redox states in serum of patients and controls. In CSF of patients HNA2 showed a trend to higher fractions compared to controls. Albumin redox state in serum was associated with physical disability in remission while albumin redox state in CSF was related to disease activity. Thus, albumin redox state in serum and CSF of patients in relation to disease condition merits further investigation.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the JHand for the Patient-Oriented Outcome Measure for Patients with Hand and Elbow Disorders

The JHand is an easy-to-understand questionnaire that includes questions that exclude hand dominance. It was developed to evaluate patients with hand and elbow disorders. However, JHand has not been translated and validated in the Turkish language. The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the culturally adapted Turkish version of the JHand for Turkish patients. A total of 262 patients were included in the study. JHand, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire, and Hand20 were used to evaluate patients. Internal consistency and test-retest analyses were applied to determine the reliability of the Turkish version of the JHand. Confirmatory factor analysis and similar scale validity were used to determine its validity. The Turkish version of the JHand showed high levels of internal consistency and excellent test-retest reliability (Cronbach α = 0.907, ICC = 0.923). The model fit indices of the Turkish version of the JHand had good and acceptable fit with reference values. Statistically positive and very strong correlations were found between JHand and DASH (r = .825, p < .001) as well as the JHand and Hand20 (r = .846, p < .001). The Turkish version of the JHand had excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability as well as a high level of validity.
Infrared HCN Lineshapes as a Test of Galatry and Speed-Dependent Voigt Profiles

Abstract Absorption lineshapes of the ν2 infrared band of HCN in collision with He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, HCN, and CH3Br have been considered. Observed lineshapes differ significantly from the usual Voigt profile and are characteristic of line narrowing processes. The Galatry profile fairly reproduces lineshapes observed in the low-pressure regime, but leads to unexpected nonlinear behavior of optical diffusion rates in the high-pressure regime and strongly fails with the heaviest perturbers. On the other hand, fair results are obtained for all experimental conditions by using a speed-dependent Voigt profile that includes a pressure-dependent narrowing parameter. These observations are discussed by consideration of the polarization correlation functions related to considered line profiles and of the optical and kinetic radii involved in collision processes. It is shown that observed line narrowings primarily result from the dependence of relaxation rates on molecular speeds and that diffusion processes show up with the two lighter perturbers only, He and, to a small extent, Ne. Finally, it can be claimed that, for atmospheric applications, deviations from the Voigt profile must be taken into account by a speed-dependent Galatry profile that reduces to a speed-dependent Voigt profile in most cases.
Structural Study of α-Rhombohedral Boron at High Pressures

Recently, it has been shown that, like β-rhombohedral boron (β-boron), α-rhombohedral boron (α-boron) exhibits superconductivity at high pressure. The transition pressure is similar to that of β-boron, that is, about 160 GPa. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the structural change in α-boron at high pressures. High-pressure (up to 200 GPa) X-ray experiments were performed at a synchrotron-radiation facility. At ambient temperature, the crystal of α-boron is stable over the whole range of pressures examined. There is no phase transitions, such as to α-Ga type, which were previously predicted. All the structural parameters vary continuously with pressure. The cause of metallization is a significant contraction of the inter icosahedral three-center bond, which brings a higher coordination to the icosahedron and a transfer of charge from the intra icosahedoral bond to the three-center bond. Although everything is continuous, a careful analysis of the pressure dependence of the struct.
X-ray and Far-Ultraviolet emission from comets: Relevant charge exchange processes

The surprising detection of strong x-ray and Far-Ultraviolet (FUV) emission from comets is the direct result of charge exchange reactions of multiply-charged solar wind ions with the neutral coma of the comet. A future diagnostics use of spectral features in cometary x-ray and FUV emission is currently hampered by the lack of knowledge on one-electron transfer in collisions of multicharged ions on many-electron atoms or molecules, in particular atomic oxygen and carbon monoxide. The objective of this Comment is the identification of the most urgent missing data.
Characterization of the high-affinity anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody JS007 for immune checkpoint therapy of cancer

ABSTRACT Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a critical inhibitory checkpoint molecule, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting CTLA-4 that restore anti-tumor T cell immunity have achieved clinical success. Here, we report a humanized IgG1 mAb, namely JS007, with high binding affinity to CTLA-4. JS007 shows superior binding affinity and T-cell activating efficiency over ipilimumab. Moreover, it demonstrates substantial in vivo tumor suppression efficacy at low doses. The crystal structure of JS007/CTLA-4 complex (PDB: 8HIT) shows JS007 adopts a heavy-chain-dominant binding mode, and mainly contacts the BC loop, DE loop and FG loop of CTLA-4. Notably, two Tyr residues (VH-Y100 and VL-Y32) from the complementarity-determining region loops insert into the two cavities formed by the residues from the loops of CTLA-4, which may contribute to the stabilization of the binding. Comparative analysis with other anti-CTLA-4 mAbs indicates that the double “wedge-into-hole” binding mode is unique for JS007 and may be responsible for the high-affinity binding to CTLA-4. These findings have provided an important molecular understanding of the high-affinity CTLA-4 blockade mAbs and shed light on future development of agents targeting CTLA-4.
The well-posedness of the integral equations for thin wire antennas with distributional incidental fields

In this paper we extend previous results on the well-posedness of the Pocklington and Hallen integral equations for the current induced on a thin wire by an incident harmonic electromagnetic field to the case where the incident field may lie in a certain function space of distributions. This function space includes the special case of a Dirac δ-function incident field which is widely used to model dipole antennas.
Real‐time online monitoring of insect cell proliferation and baculovirus infection using digital differential holographic microscopy and machine learning

Real‐time, detailed online information on cell cultures is essential for understanding modern biopharmaceutical production processes. The determination of key parameters, such as cell density and viability, is usually based on the offline sampling of bioreactors. Gathering offline samples is invasive, has a low time resolution, and risks altering or contaminating the production process. In contrast, measuring process parameters online provides more safety for the process, has a high time resolution, and thus can aid in timely process control actions. We used online double differential digital holographic microscopy (D3HM) and machine learning to perform non‐invasive online cell concentration and viability monitoring of insect cell cultures in bioreactors. The performance of D3HM and the machine learning model was tested for a selected variety of baculovirus constructs, products, and multiplicities of infection (MOI). The results show that with online holographic microscopy insect cell proliferation and baculovirus infection can be monitored effectively in real time with high resolution for a broad range of process parameters and baculovirus constructs. The high‐resolution data generated by D3HM showed the exact moment of peak cell densities and temporary events caused by feeding. Furthermore, D3HM allowed us to obtain information on the state of the cell culture at the individual cell level. Combining this detailed, real‐time information about cell cultures with methodical machine learning models can increase process understanding, aid in decision‐making, and allow for timely process control actions during bioreactor production of recombinant proteins.
Comprehensive Assessment of Biomolecular Interactions of Morpholine-Based Mixed Ligand Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of 2,2′-Bipyridine as Potential Anticancer and SARS-CoV-2 Agents: A Synergistic Experimental and Structure-Based Virtual Screening

A new class of pharmacologically active mixed-ligand complexes (1a-2a) [MII(L)2 (bpy)], where L = 2-(4-morpholinobenzylideneamino)phenol), bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, MII = Cu (1a), and Zn (2a), were assigned an octahedral geometry by analytical and spectral measurements. Gel electrophoresis showed that complex (1a) demonstrated the complete DNA cleavage mediated by H2O2. The overall DNA-binding constants observed from UV-vis, fluorometric, hydrodynamic, and electrochemical titrations were in the following sequence: (1a) > (2a) > (HL), which suggests that the complexes might intercalate DNA, a possibility that is further supported by the biothermodynamic characteristics. The binding constant results of BSA by electronic absorption and fluorometric titration demonstrate that complex (1a) exhibits the highest binding effectiveness among others, which means that all compounds could interact with BSA through a static approach, additionally supported by FRET measurements. Density FunctionalTheory (DFT) and molecular docking calculations were relied on to unveil the electronic structure, reactivity, and interacting capability of all substances with DNA, BSA, and SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). These observed binding energies fell within the following ranges: −7.7 to −8.6, −7.2 to −10.2, and −6.7 to −8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The higher reactivity of the complexes compared to free ligand is supported by the Frontier MolecularOrbital (FMO) theory. The in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic, and radical scavenging characteristics revealed that complex (1a) has the best biological efficacy compared to others. This is encouraged because all experimental findings are closely correlated with the theoretical measurements.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Brain Abscess in a Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Klebsiella Pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common nosocomial pathogen. However, Klebsiella-associated meningitis and brain abscess formation are extremely rare in the United States. We present a case of a 73-year-old male who initially presented for a tonsillar abscess of unknown etiology. While awaiting an abscess biopsy, the patient underwent molar extraction for chronic periodontitis and decay. The patient subsequently developed K. pneumoniae bacteremia and meningitis. As he clinically declined, repeat imaging revealed a brain abscess with eventual hemorrhagic transformation. Notably, the patient had underlying hypogammaglobulinemia from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which we believe contributed to the invasive disease. Given the global spread of virulent strains of Klebsiella (such as hypervirulent or hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae), clinicians must bear this pathogen in mind while treating critically ill and immunocompromised patients.
Imaging of acoustic charge transport in semiconductor heterostructures by surface acoustic waves

We demonstrate room-temperature acoustic charge transport of electrons and holes in an InGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. The carriers are optically generated by interband absorption and then separated, stored, and transported in the piezoelectric potential superlattice of a surface acoustic wave. The charge distribution is detected with a spatial resolution of a few acoustic wavelengths by a second orthogonal probe beam, genererated by so-called tapered transducers. The image information is given as a phase shift signal in frequency space and allows for the direct comparison of the number of generated and transported carriers. Regions of mere carrier drag and full carrier capture and transport are observed simultaneously.
Effectiveness of Prophylactic Coagulation Factor Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Hemophilia A in Taiwan – A Population-Based Study

Purpose Taiwan launched reimbursement of prophylactic coagulation factor replacement therapy (CFRT) for patients with severe hemophilia type A (severe PWHA) in 2014. However, since then, the effectiveness of prophylactic CFRT in real-world practice has not been evaluated thoroughly. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic CFRT in severe PWHA cases on the outcome of bleeding risks. Patients and Methods We included male, severe PWHA cases from a nationwide, population-based database in Taiwan. Given that the database lacked details of the dosing regimen for prophylactic CFRT, we applied group-based trajectory modeling using the proportion of days covered (PDC) by CFRT from 2014 to 2015 in order to classify patients. A high PDC level corresponded to a greater proportion of time under CFRT, thus implying that the patient was probably receiving prophylactic therapy. We followed up patients from January 01, 2016 until occurrence of any bleeding events, death or December 31st 2017. Results We identified a total of 420 severe PWHA and classified them into high- (n = 88), medium- (n = 181) and low- (n = 151) PDC groups. The mean (±SD) PDC values of the three groups were 0.78 (±0.1), 0.40 (±0.1) and 0.12 (±0.1), respectively. Using Cox regression models with propensity score adjustment, we found patients with medium- (hazard ratio: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56–0.89) or high-PDC (0.45; 0.36–0.68) under CFRT had reduced risks of any bleeding, compared to the low PDC group. Conclusion The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of prophylactic CFRT in the prevention of bleeding events in real-life severe PWHA.
THE THIRD SIGNATURE OF STELLAR GRANULATION

Absolute shifts of spectral-line bisectors (the third signature of granulation) are shown to follow the solar pattern, i.e., weaker lines are more blue-shifted than stronger lines, for a selection of stars on the cool side of the granulation boundary in the H–R diagram. These patterns scale to the solar case by multiplicative factors ranging from 0.53 to 2.10, which is a measure of the granulation velocity gradient through the stellar photosphere. The scale factors increase with effective temperature and are larger in giants than in dwarfs. A universal relation is constructed relating line depth to convective blueshift. The scale factors vary in concert with the first and second granulation signatures, macroturbulence, and asymmetry of spectral lines. Matching the stellar to the solar third signature also results in a determination of the apparent absolute radial velocity of the star with errors ranging from 80 to 300 m s−1, but potentially considerably smaller. The star γ Cyg, which shows reversed-C-shaped bisectors and lies on the hot side of the granulation boundary, also shows weak lines more blue-shifted than stronger lines.
Non-linear/non-Gaussian filtering and the bootstrap filter

The bootstrap filter is a random sample (stochastic simulation) based approach to implementing general Bayesian filters. The central idea of this approach is to represent the required p.d. f. by a set of random samples, rather than as a functional form over state space. This technique is able to cope with any functional nonlinearity and system and measurement noise of any distribution. There are also significant reparameterisation and p.d. f. summarisation advantages of a sample based approach. We outline the bootstrap filter approach together with several techniques for improving the efficiency of the basic algorithm and then present a Monte Carlo analysis of a bearings-only tracking problem to illustrate performance. < >
Modified Triple-Tuned Bandpass Filter with Two Concurrently Tuned Transmission Zeros

In this paper, a modified triple-tuned microstrip bandpass filter is presented. The filter consists of inductively cross-coupled resonators tuned with varactors. The application of the additional source-load couplings together with resonator branch swapping results in two transmission zeros tuned concurrently with operating frequency. These transmission zeros placed on both sides of the passband significantly increase slope steepness in transition bands. The example filter tuned from 0.36 to 0.78 GHz and controlled by a single voltage was manufactured and validated by measurements. It has a constant fractional bandwidth of 11%, low in-band insertion loss ranging from 1.8 to 2.5 dB, and out-of-band attenuation up to 5 GHz without parasitic passbands. The obtained filter parameters made it useful for preselector networks.
On stability of linear stochastic differential equations

Abstract—The exponential mean square stability of the linear stochastic differential It ο equation of Tlth order is investigated. For any linear multiplicative stochastic excitation term, a new quantity, named mean square reserve of stability (MSRS), is introduced. The significance of the MSRS is that it represents the variance of white noise in the corresponding stochastic term for which the solution crosses from the stable to the unstable region. Algebraic expressions are derived for the MSRS, allowing for its straightforward calculation. The necessary and sufficient condition for stability of the stochastic equation with all stochastic excitation terms included is given in the form of an algebraic inequality corresponding to the interior of an ellipsoid with semiaxes equal to the calculated MSRSs.
Research on the SIFT Algorithm in Image Matching

SIFT feature matching algorithm is hot in the field of the currently feature matching research, its matching with the strong ability can deal with the translation, rotation, affine transformation occurring between images , and it also have a stable image feature matching ability to the images filmed at any angle. SIFT algorithm is adopted in this paper, matching feature point through the scale space , calculating the histogram of detecting feature point neighborhood of gradient direction characteristic vector and generation to SIFT eigenvector and the key points similarity measure. From different setting threshold, scale scaling, rotating, noise on the experiment, the experiment result proves this algorithm in the above aspects has good robustness, suitable for mass characteristic database of rapid, accurate matching.
Integrated multiplexed biosensors based on liquid core optical ring resonators and antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides

The authors demonstrate integrated biosensors utilizing antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) to excite the whispering gallery modes of a liquid core optical ring resonator (LCORR) sensor. Because this architecture is based on integration, it is robust and well suited for dense multiplexing of sensors. They analytically and experimentally characterize the coupling between the ARROW structure and the LCORR and show good agreement between the coupling theory and experimental results. The multiplexing capability is experimentally demonstrated by exciting multiple ring resonators along a single LCORR using the ARROW array. Also, they show the label-free detection of bovine serum albumin with this LCORR-ARROW system.
Instantaneous Impact Point Prediction Using the Response-Surface Method

This paper proposes a fast and accurate algorithm to predict the instantaneous impact point of a rocket. The effects of the atmospheric drag and the gravity perturbation are modeled using the response-surface method. The coefficients of the response-surface models at selected time points are determined before the rocket launch using numerical experiments. During the actual flight, the response-surface models provide the correction terms that can be used to improve the accuracy of the analytic Keplerian instantaneous impact point prediction method. Results of a launch vehicle flight operation case study indicate that the proposed algorithm reduces the prediction errors significantly and can be used as an alternative of the conventional analytic Keplerian algorithm.