Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replacement of meat and dairy by plant-derived foods: estimated effects on land use, iron and SFA intakes in young Dutch adult females

Abstract Objective Reduction in the current high levels of meat and dairy consumption may contribute to environmental as well as human health. Since meat is a major source of Fe, effects on Fe intake need to be evaluated, especially in groups vulnerable to negative Fe status. In the present study we evaluated the effects of replacing meat and dairy foods with plant-based products on environmental sustainability (land requirement) and health (SFA and Fe intakes) in women. Design Data on land requirements were derived from existing calculation methods. Food composition data were derived from the Dutch Food Composition Table 2006. Data were linked to the food consumption of young Dutch women. Land requirements and nutrient intakes were evaluated at baseline and in two scenarios in which 30 % (Scenario_30 %) or 100 % (Scenario_100 %) of the dairy and meat consumption was randomly replaced by the same amount of plant-based dairy- and meat-replacing foods. Setting The Netherlands. Subjects Three hundred and ninety-eight young Dutch females. Results Replacement of meat and dairy by plant-based foods benefited the environment by decreasing land use. The intake of SFA decreased considerably compared with the baseline situation. On average, total Fe intake increased by 2·5 mg/d, although most of the Fe intake was from a less bioavailable source. Conclusions Replacement of meat and dairy foods by plant-based foods reduced land use for consumption and SFA intake of young Dutch females and did not compromise total Fe intake.
Multi-target Detection Algorithm for MIMO Radar with Arbitrarily Distributed Array-Target Configuration

Adopting the eigen threshold(ET) criterion, a multi-target detection algorithm for MIMO radar with arbitrarily correlated observation channels is analyzed. Firstly, we derive the close-form of the eigenvalue, and the eigenvectors for the MIMO radar system having an arbitrary distributed array-target configuration based on power spectral density function, then, we establish the MIMO radar detector Adopting the eigen threshold(ET) criterion. The Method proposed avoids the Multidimensional Matrix inversion and alleviates the computational burden. Simulation results show that the correlation of the observation channels will reduce the detection performance. The algorithm can be utilized to compute and analyze the detection performance of a MIMO radar system for any given transmitter/receiver geometry, the computer simulation results also show that the MIMO ET has better performance than phase array detectors.
Can carriers make more profit while users save money?

In this work, we investigate the profit maximization problem for wireless network carriers and payment minimization for end users. Motivated by our recent findings on proactive resource allocation, we focus on the scenario whereby end users harness predictable demand and WiFi connectivity in proactive data downloads, to minimize their expected payments. Carriers, on the other hand, utilize smart pricing schemes to differentiate between the off-peak and peak hour prices so as to reduce peak costs and maximize their profit.We formulate the tension between the carrier and end user as a two-player Stackelberg game in which the carrier assigns prices first, then the end user responds with optimized proactive downloads. We explore the equilibrium points under maximum and average price constraints, and study the impact of WiFi availability on the system's performance. In particular, we compare the new equilibria with the baseline scenario of flat pricing and no proactive downloads. Despite the potential uncertainty about future demand, and the freshness of proactively downloaded content, we characterize new equilibria points that yield win-win situation with respect to the baseline equilibrium.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry diagnostic discordance between Z-scores and T-scores in a young Iranian population

Background: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is considered the gold standard for non-invasive measurement of bone mass. T-scores and Z-scores are used to present the results of bone mass. The present study was designed to evaluate the discordance between T-scores and Z-scores calculated at a same level and its relation with age, gender and body mass index (BMI) in a representative sample of normal population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of a comprehensive survey, Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS), designed to assess bone health among healthy adults. Each individual underwent both L1–L4 antero-posterior lumbar spine and hip DXA scan. The difference between the T- and Z-scores measured at each of the four skeletal sites was then calculated. Results: A -1.21 to 1.21 point difference was noted in the Z- and T- scores measured at each site. While the difference between the T-and Z-scores was less than 0.5 SD in most of the cases, the difference was higher than 1 SD in about 5% of the subjects. Conclusion: Standardization of Z-score definition and calculation techniques as well as developing an ethnicity-matched reference population is needed to improve the reliability of DXA-generated Z-scores.
Marital Conflict in Older Adults: Endocrinological and Immunological Correlates

Objective To assess endocrinological and immunological correlates of marital conflict and marital satisfaction, 31 older couples (mean age 67 years) who had been married an average of 42 years were studied. Method Couples were admitted to the Clinical Research Center and a catheter was placed in each subject's arm. Blood was drawn on entry for immunological assays; for hormone analyses, five blood samples were drawn during a 30-minute conflict discussion and a 15-minute recovery session. The conflict session was recorded on videotapes that were later coded for problem-solving behaviors using the Marital Interaction Coding System (MICS). Results Among wives, escalation of negative behavior during conflict and marital satisfaction showed strong relationships to endocrine changes, accounting for 16% to 21% of the variance in the rates of change of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and norepinephrine (but not epinephrine). In contrast, husbands' endocrine data did not show significant relationships with negative behavior or marital quality. Both men and women who showed relatively poorer immunological responses across three functional assays (the blastogenic response to two T-cell mitogens and antibody titers to latent Epstein-Barr virus) displayed more negative behavior during conflict; they also characterized their usual marital disagreements as more negative than individuals who showed better immune responses across assays. Conclusion Abrasive marital interactions may have physiological consequences even among older adults in long-term marriages.
Illumination-robust Recognition and Inspection in Carbide Insert Production

In processes of the production chain of carbide inserts, such as unloading or packaging, the conformity test of the insert type is performed manually, which causes a statistic increase of errors due to monotony and fatigue of workers as well as the wide variety of insert types. A measuring method is introduced that automatically inspects the chipformer geometry, the most significant quality feature of inserts. The proposed recognition approach is based on local energy model of feature perception and concatenates the phase congruency in terms of local filter orientations into a compact spatial histogram. This method has been tested on several inserts of different types. Test results show that prevalent insert types can be inspected and classified robustly under illumination variations.
Clarification of a proof of completeness in classesof approximable optimization problems

We denote the real numbers by R and the positive real numbers by R+. Similarly we denote the rational numbers by Q and the positive rational numbers by Q+. We denote the natural numbers (including 0) by N. For all a and b in R with a < b, we denote the open interval between a and b by (a, b) and the closed interval by [a, b]. If S is a set, S∗ denotes the set of all finite sequences consisting of elements of S. For each finite sequence s, we denote the length of s by |s|. We denote the set of all finite binary strings by Σ∗.
RELAXATION TIME OF ANISOTROPIC SIMPLE EXCLUSION PROCESSES AND QUANTUM HEISENBERG MODELS

Motivated by an exact mapping between anisotropic half integer spin quantum Heisenberg models and asymmetric diffusions on the lattice, we consider an anisotropic simple exclusion process with N particles in a rectangle of Z 2 . Every particle at row h tries to jump to an arbitrary empty site at row h ± 1 with rate q ±1 , where q 2 (0,1) is a measure of the drift driving the particles towards the bottom of the rectan- gle. We prove that the spectral gap of the generator is uniformly positive in N and in the size of the rectangle. The proof is inspired by a recent interesting technique envisaged by E. Carlen, M.C. Carvalho and M. Loss to analyze the Kac model for the non linear Boltzmann equation. We then apply the result to prove precise upper and lower bounds on the energy gap for the spin-S, S 2 1 N, XXZ chain and for the 111 interface of the spin-S XXZ Heisenberg model, thus generalizing previous results valid only for spin 1 .
Chapter I Dynamic Workflow Restructuring Framework for Long-Running Business Processess

This chapter presents a framework for dynamic restructuring of longrunning business processes. The framework is composed of the ActivityFlow specification language, a set of workflow restructuring operators, and a dynamic workflow management engine. The ActivityFlow specification language enables the flexible specification, composition, and coordination of workflow activities. There are three unique features of our framework design. First, it supports a collection of specification mechanisms, allowing workflow designers to use a uniform workflow specification interface to describe different types of workflows involved in their organizational processes. A main objective of this characteristic is to help increase the flexibility of workflow processes in accommodating changes. The ActivityFlow language also provides a set of activity modeling facilities, enabling workflow designers to describe the flow of work declaratively and incrementally, and allowing to reason about correctness and security of
Les différences en termes d'orientation stratégique entre les pays fondateurs de l'Europe et les nouveaux entrants : une approche par les valeurs des managers

Auteurs secondaires : Florian Wangenheim, Allemagne ; Detelin Elenkov, Bulgarie; Marina Dabic,Croatie; Jose Pla-Barber, Espagne ; Masoud Kavoossi Maria Kangasniemi, Finlande ; Isabelle Maignan, Hollande ; Alan Wallace, Hongrie ; Mario Molteni, Italie ; Arunas Starkus, Lituanie ; Francisco Castro, Portugal ; Wade Danis, République Tchèque ; ; Ilya Girson, Royaume Unis ; Mark Weber, Slovaquie ; Vojko Potocan, Slovénie; Tevfik Dalgic, Turquie
A Cost-Efficiency Model for Tool Chains

The seamless integration of development tools can help to improve the productivity of software development and reduce development costs. When tool chains are used in the context of global software engineering, they are deployed as globally distributed systems. Tool chains have the potential to bring productivity gains but they are also expensive to realize. The decision to introduce a tool chain is often made based only on a qualitative analysis of the situation. More precise analysis of the trade-offs would be possible if a quantitative model describing the cost-efficiency of tool chains would be available. We apply the COCOMO model for cost analysis in combination with the TIL model for tool chain design to create a generic quantitative estimation model for predicting the cost-efficiency of tool chains. We validate the cost-efficiency model with a case study of an industrial tool chain.
Boredom in achievement settings: Exploring control–value antecedents and performance outcomes of a neglected emotion.

The linkages of achievement-related boredom with students' appraisals and performance outcomes were examined in a series of 5 exploratory, cross-sectional, and predictive investigations. Studies 1 and 2 assessed students' boredom in a single achievement episode (i.e., state achievement boredom); Studies 3, 4, and 5 focused on their habitual boredom (i.e., trait achievement boredom). Samples consisted of university students from two different cultural contexts (North America and Germany). In line with hypotheses derived from Pekrun's (2006) control-value theory of achievement emotions, achievement-related subjective control and value negatively predicted boredom. In turn, boredom related positively to attention problems and negatively to intrinsic motivation, effort, use of elaboration strategies, self-regulation, and subsequent academic performance. Findings were consistent across different constructs (state vs. trait achievement boredom), methodologies (qualitative, cross-sectional, and predictive), and cultural contexts. The research is discussed with regard to the underdeveloped literature on achievement emotions.
Quantifying the effects of prey abundance on killer whale reproduction

Summary 1. Management decisions for threatened and endangered species require risks to be identified and prioritized, based on the degree to which they influence population dynamics. The potential for recovery of small populations at risk may be determined by multiple factors, including intrinsic population characteristics (inbreeding, sex ratios) and extrinsic variables (prey availability, disease, human disturbance). Using Bayesian statistical methods, the impact of each of these risk factors on demographic rates can be quantified and assigned probabilities to express uncertainty. 2. We assessed the impact of a wide range of factors on the fecundity of two threatened populations of killer whales Orcinus orca , specifically whether killer whale production is limited by availability of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha . Additional variables included anthropogenic factors, climate variables, temporal effects, and population variables (population size, number of males, female age). 3. Our results indicate that killer whale fecundity is highly correlated with the abundance of Chinook salmon. For example, the probability of a female calving differed by 50% between years of low salmon abundance and high salmon abundance. Weak evidence exists for linking fecundity to other variables, such as sea surface temperature. 4. There was strong data support for reproductive senescence in female killer whales. This pattern of rapid maturity and gradual decline of fecundity with age commonly seen in terrestrial mammals has been documented in few marine mammal species. Maximum production for this species occurs between ages 20‐22, and reproductive performance declines gradually to menopause over a period of 25 years. 5. Synthesis and applications . Our results provide strong evidence for reproductive senescence in killer whales, and more importantly, that killer whale fecundity is strongly tied to the abundance of Chinook salmon, a species that is susceptible to environmental variation and has high commercial value to fisheries. This strong predator‐prey relationship highlights the importance of understanding which salmon populations overlap with killer whales seasonally and spatially, so that those salmon populations important as prey for killer whales can be identified and targeted for conservation efforts.
Effects of sympathetic stimulation of the spleen on cardiac output.

LIANG, CHANG-SENG, AND WILLIAM E. HUCKABEE. Efects of sympathetic stimulation of the spleen on cardiac output. Am. J. Physiol. 224(5): 1099-l 103. 1973. -Sympathetic stimulation of the spleen, produced by either electrical stimulation of splenic nerves or infusion of norepinephrine into the splenic artery, increased the cardiac output in anesthetized dogs. Concomitantly, systemic mean arterial blood pressure was increased, but heart rate and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure were not changed. These hemodynamic responses were not altered by pretreatment with propranolol. Intraportal infusions of norepinephrine did not increase the cardiac output, nor was cardiac output increased to any significant extent by the intraportal infusion of 5 ml/kg of arterial or femoral venous blood in 1 min, an amount of blood which was likely to be ejected from the spleen upon contraction. Therefore, it seems that the hemodynamic changes produced by sympathetic stimulation of the spleen were due neither to the amount of blood that could be discharged into the general circulation from the spleen during contraction nor to the actions of catecholamines which were released from the spleen. On the other hand, when 5 ml/kg of splenic venous blood obtained from a dog during the period of splenic nerve stimulation was infused intravenously into a second dog, cardiac output invariably increased in the recipient dog. It is concluded that the observed increase in cardiac output was produced by the cardiostimulatory action of an unknown substance which was released from the spleen following sympathetic stimulation.
Autarky versus free trade: catching-up and overtaking? : an endogenous growth approach

One of the fundamental normative questions within international trade theory is whether free trade is better than autarky and, if so, in what sense and to what extent. Surprisingly, the literature contains just a few formal models constructed under discrete time and investigating the relationships between international trade and endogenous growth which provide a precise answer to this question. The main goal of this dissertation is to address this issue by developing a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous growth and overlapping generations that allows for a consistent dynamic analysis of the mechanism linking the growth performance and the trade performance. The analysis is conducted under the alternative scenarios of complete economic isolation and international integration. After examining the endogenous growth model in a closed economy setup, the investigation is gradually extended from an autarkic to an open country, the transition being realized in two steps. The first one addresses the impact of opening-up to and engaging in international trade upon a small open economy, whereas the dynamic two-sector model corresponding to the autarkic country is analyzed under an "open economy" framework. The special case of constant terms of trade is subsequently abandoned and a two-country model of the world economy -- with two factors, two commodities and trade in both commodities -- is investigated. We provide a detailed numerical analysis of the dynamical system and relate it to the determinants in the patterns of production specialization and commodity trade. By bringing into contrast an autarkic versus a trading world economy, the extension to a two-country model allows us to mainly investigate two transitional dynamics. The first one is whether the switch of the world economy from no trade to free trade may drive an economy to eventually converge, catch-up or overtake the other economy. The second one refers to reversals in the direction of commodity trade and of specialization in production. Using numerical simulations, we analyze the occurrence of these transitional dynamics under different scenarios.
On ensembles of biclusters generated by NichePSO

Ensemble methods combine multiple models into a single framework for coping better with Machine Learning tasks. Recently, the well-known Bagging approach was adapted to solve biclustering problems, where the objective is to find large subgroups of samples and attributes of the data matrix with the samples showing high correlation over the attributes. In this paper, aiming at the generation of more diverse and high-quality biclusters to be fused through an ensemble perspective, we have adopted a well-known multimodal Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, namely NichePSO. In particular, the study brings a preliminary comparative assessment of the biclustering results delivered by NichePSO operating alone and by two ensemble settings (one of which is Bagging) operating on the biclusters produced by NichePSO. The assessment was done based on bioinformatics and collaborative filtering datasets, and the results achieved so far reveal the usefulness of ensembling the repertory of biclusters produced by NichePSO.
The Effect of Pay Inequality on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Textile Sectors of Pakistan

Pay inequality can cause negative employee attitude; the motivation behind this investigation is to check the variables of imbalances and how it can be control. Information is examinations through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) rendition 23. The respondents of this examination are managers and representatives working in material part in Faisalabad. The example measure is 150 out of which 120 is considered. The consequences of this investigation demonstrated that there is a huge connection between pay inequality and organizational citizenship behaviour. Pay inequality has positive connection with organizational citizenship behaviour. The outcomes likewise mean that representative mentality halfway direct the connection between pay disparity and organizational citizenship behaviour. This examination likewise displays conclusion, proposals, and suggestions for future specialists.
First step of security model for separation of concerns

The separation of concerns (SOC), as a conceptual tool, enables us to manage the complexity of the software systems that we develop. When the idea is taken further to software packaging, greater reuse and maintainability are achieved. One of the methods of SOC is view-oriented programming (VOP) in which an object can change its behaviors and play different roles (views) in their lifecycle. In VOP, an object's response to a message depends on the views currently attached to its core instance. This view-programming suffers from security issues to protect the privileges of each client who needs to access different views of the same object. In a previous article, we introduced a view security model based on changing the signature of each method to authenticate a client privileges to access object views. In this paper, we present the main parts of our views security model without changing each method signature. Java security model is applied to views to support transparent authentication. These issues are discussed through an example.