Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No Longer Unmeasurable? A Multidimensional Integrated Model of Nonprofit Organizational Effectiveness

Few topics in nonprofit research and practice have received greater attention in recent years than organizational effectiveness. In spite of this intellectual interest, little consensus has emerged, either theoretically or empirically, as to what constitutes organizational effectiveness and how best to measure it. In this article, we introduce a multidimensional and integrated model of nonprofit organizational effectiveness (MIMNOE). The model captures two prominent dimensions of organizational effectiveness, management effectiveness and program effectiveness. In addition, to illustrate how this framework can be used empirically, the article proposes a method of analysis that exploits the interrelationships between the multiple dimensions in the model. MIMNOE is useful for both scholars and practitioners because it requires attention not only to program outcomes, but also equally to the factors that influence those outcomes.
Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales.

Researchers report on a 3-sample study that developed and validated short, self-report scales of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Using conceptualizations consistent with the current literature, the researchers offer content domains and definitions of the constructs. Advocated procedures were used to develop the scales and test dimensionality and internal consistency. Estimates of construct validity are presented by relating the scales to 16 other on- and off-job constructs. Mean-level difference tests between WFC and FWC also provide evidence of validity.
A Taphonomic Perspective on the Archaeology of Human Origins

The origins of humanity have attracted scientific and public interest for centuries. Most scientific evidence concerning the earlier stages of human evolution has come from field research in eastern and southern Africa during the last several decades. The major classes of evidence are: 1. hominid fossils (the family Hominidae includes extinct and modem humans); 2. archaeologi­ cal sites, consisting of ancient stone tools and sometimes fossil animal bones, and 3. the geological and paleoecological contexts of classes 1 and 2. We have no archaeological evidence from the first half of the 5 million-year-long record of human evolution, but for the second half such evidence is abundant. The bipedal, small-brained hominids of the period from 5 to 2.5 million years ago represent several species of australopithecines in eastern and south­ ern Africa. Judging from their physical appearance, it is likely that their behavior was more ape-like than human-like (84,85, 135, 138, 144). Indeed, Dart (55) first characterized one australopithecine species, Australopithecus ajricanus, as killer apes, arguing that their violent predatory behavior and use of the bones, teeth, and horns of their prey as tools and weapons are what formed the fossil bone accumulations in several South African caves. Dart's
Optimal Stabilization Policy in a Model with Endogenous Sudden Stops

We develop a framework to study optimal stabilization policy in a small open economy with endogenous \sudden stops" induced by the presence of an occasionally binding credit constraint. The objective of the paper is to characterize the optimal policy outside of the crisis period, but with a possibility that such a crisis may indeed occur (i.e., with a positive probability to run into a sudden stop). In the model, the policy instrument of the government is a distortionary tax wedge on consumption of non-tradable goods that a ects directly the real price on nontradable goods (which is the internal component of the real exchange rate in the model). We nd that, for a plausible calibration of the model, the optimal policy is highly nonlinear. If the constraint is not binding, the optimal tax rate is zero, as in an economy without credit constraint. If the constraint is binding, the optimal tax rate is negative, meaning that the government subsidizes non tradable consumption in a sudden stop.
Patterns of Attitudinal Development in General Music Classes

It has been over25 years sinceBroquist first showed that attitudes of elementary schoolstudentstoward their general music classesdeclinedastheyprogressed fromthe secondgrade to the sixth grade (Broquist, 1961). TheBroquistformulaforidentifying attitudes in grades 3 through 8 has been appliedfrequently in morerecent research; some of these studies have included the variables of self-esteem andsocioeconomic status. This article summarizes severalof thosestudies. Broquist's study found the following: (1)Aregulardeclinein the attitudes toward general music classesoccurred as students grew from the second grade to the sixth grade. (2)Studentslikedspecificactivities as they grew older, but the overall decline was attributable to a greater numberof activities that they did not like. (3) The attitudes of boys generally were lower than thoseof girls. Using the Broquistformula, one study using a small sampleof 5th and 6thgradersproduced similardeclines(Nolin, 1967). The socioeconomic status of these students, as measured by the NorthHatt Occupational Scale (Hodge, Siegel, andRossi,1964), seemedtohavelittletodo with theirexpressedattitudes.
Unraveling Platform Strategies: A Review from an Organizational Ambidexterity Perspective

Platform strategies, which highlight the interdependence in and evolution of business ecosystems, are increasingly relevant for sustainable business models in the digital era. So far, platform research has existed as a fragmented body of insights from different fields, but an integrated theoretical perspective can lead to a more coherent understanding of the research overall. Organizational ambidexterity emphasizes the balance between exploration and exploitation, which is particularly conducive to understanding the sustainability of a firm. Using an organizational ambidexterity perspective, the authors analyze five platform strategies: pricing, openness, integration, differentiation, and envelopment. This paper provides a systematic review of the theoretical and empirical studies in leading management, economics, and information systems journals from 2000 to 2016. The findings show that platform strategies can help platform owners achieve ambidexterity by domain, temporal, and organizational separation. Finally, this paper proposes an agenda for future research.
A new imaging strategy using wideband transient response of ultrasound contrast agents

High-resolution clinical systems operating near 15 MHz are becoming more available; however, they lack sensitive harmonic imaging modes for ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) detection, primarily due to limited bandwidth. When a UCA is driven to nonlinear oscillation, a very wideband acoustic transient response is produced that extends beyond 15 MHz. We propose a novel strategy using two separate transducers at widely separated frequencies and arranged confocally to simultaneously excite and receive acoustic transients from UCAs. Experiments were performed to demonstrate that this new mode shows similar resolution, higher echo amplitudes, and greatly reduced attenuation compared to transmission at a higher frequency, and superior resolution compared to transmission and reception at a lower frequency. The proposed method is shown to resolve two 200 /spl mu/m tubes with centers separated by 400//spl mu/m. Strong acoustic transients were detected for rarefaction-first 1-cycle pulses with peak-negative pressures above 300 kPa. The results of this work may lead to uses in flow and/or targeted imaging in applications requiring very high sensitivity to contrast agents.
A decision model for implementing product lines variabilities

Software Product Lines (SPLs) encompass a family of software systems developed from reusable assets. One issue during SPL development is the decision about which technique should be used to implement variabilities and improve the Separation of Concerns (SoC) of the SPL. In this paper, we present an initial decision model based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis to guide developers on choosing suitable techniques for implementing SPL variabilities.
Pharmacogenomic Predictor Discovery in Phase II Clinical Trials for Breast Cancer

Purpose: We examined if supervised analysis of gene expression data from phase II studies could identify HER-2 overexpression as a predictor of response to trastuzumab. Experimental Design: Gene expression data from 132 newly diagnosed breast cancers were used to simulate 50,000 single-agent phase II trastuzumab studies. True HER-2 amplification was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: Only 3.67% of the simulated studies yielded HER-2 as the top predictor, >96% of the individual “studies” picked a different gene as the most predictive of trastuzumab response. HER-2 was included in the top 10 gene list 9.73% of the time. When HER-2 was a priori defined as a potential predictor, 99.6% of the simulated studies confirmed overexpression among responders. Candidate marker testing may be more efficient than de novo predictor discovery in phase II trials. We describe a tandem, two-step phase II trial design for rapid marker assessment that combines two optimal two-stage phase II trials into a single study. In the first stage, unselected patients are treated, and if insufficient responses are seen, the trial remains open for marker-positive patients only and a second two-stage trial commences. Conclusions: The probability of successful discovery of drug-specific pharmacogenomic response markers in a typical phase II study is small. The evaluation of predefined predictors using tandem two-step phase II design has the advantages of estimating response rates in both unselected and marker-selected patient populations and allows for simultaneous screening of multiple different predictors for the same drug and several distinct predictor-drug pairs in a single, parallel multiarm trial.
Analysis of Slotted Multi-Access Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we study the single-packet medium accessproblem, which occurs in many wireless sensor network applications. In this problem, each contending node in the onehop network has a single packet to transmit and the node is in contention of the channel only until its packet is transmitted. We analyze the performance of slotted multi-access techniques for this problem using Markov chains and flow equations. We verify the accuracy of these analyses through simulations. We also present a thorough performance evaluation of these techniques in terms of delay and energy consumption for various design parameters.
Actor Network Theory and After

1. After ANT: Complexity, Naming and Topology: John Law (Lancaster University). 2. On Recalling ANT: Bruno Latour (Ecole des Mines de Paris). 3. Perpetuum Mobile: Substance, Force and the Sociology of Translation: Steven D. Brown (Keele University) and Rose Capdevila (Nene University College). 4. From Blindness to blindness: Museums, Heterogeneity and the Subject: Kevin Hetherington (Brunel University). 5. Ontological Politics: A Word and Some Questions: Annemarie Mol (Twente University). 6. Who Pays? Can We Pay Them Back? : Nick Lee (Keele University) and Paul Stenner (Bath University). 7. Materiality: Juggling Sameness and Difference: Anni Dugdale (Australian National University Canberra). 8. Staying True to the Laughter in Nigerian Classrooms: Helen Verran (Melbourne University). 9. What is Intellectual Property After? : Marilyn Strathern (Cambridge University). 10. Actor--Network Theory -- The Market Test: Michele Callon (Ecole des Mines de Paris). 11. Good Passages, Bad Passages: Ingunn Moser (University of Oslo) and John Law (Lancaster University). 12. A Sociology of Attachment: Music Amateurs, Drug Users: Emilie Gomart and Antoine Hennion (Ecole des Mines de Paris).
The Position of Policewomen: A Discourse Analytic Study

This article is concerned with exploring issues surrounding the position of policewomen in UK police forces, with the aim of problematizing the notion that women are difficult to retain because they are unable to meet the demands of police work once they have children.The article examines how policing is socially constructed, and why policewomen ‘consent’ to dominant, yet potentially ‘oppressive’ constructions of police work. In the article, the research interview is seen as an interactional context that predicates ‘identity work’. Using Foucauldian principles, the article argues that the power relations operating in both the interview and the broader socio-cultural context are productive of discourses through which individuals constitute their identities. It is this constitutive act that produces women’s consent to dominant constructions of policing because at the same time, this ‘resists’ broader ideological discourses that threaten their integrity.
How Advertising Works: Alternative Situational and Attitudinal Explanations

Cognizant of the need to provide for situations ranging from high to low consumer involvement, this article proposes seven new models that recognize different purchase situations and varying attitude formation processes. Specifically, four high involvement models, two variants of a medium-to-lower involvement model, and two low involvement models are proposed. Each model provides for both first-time and repeat-purchase situations. All seven have been developed with the intention of providing advertisers with frameworks upon which to develop integrated marketing communication strategies. In addition to providing for a variety of purchase situations including differing levels of involvement, the models recognize situations where product trial is possible/not possible, as well as differences between first-time and sequential buying situations. They also distinguish between conceptual and experiential attitudes and accordingly, emphasize the importance of conation (direct experience) in the process of attitude formation.
Abacavir substitution for nucleoside analogs in patients with HIV lipoatrophy: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT Peripheral lipoatrophy may complicate antiretroviral therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, often related to duration and type of nucleoside analog therapy, and may have a mitochondrial pathogenesis. No proven therapy exists for lipoatrophy, but abacavir is a nucleoside analog that may be less toxic to mitochondria. OBJECTIVE To determine if substitution of stavudine or zidovudine with abacavir improves HIV lipoatrophy without affecting control of HIV replication. DESIGN Randomized, open-label 24-week study. SETTING Seventeen hospital HIV outpatient clinics and primary care centers in Australia and England, with randomization from June 2000 through January 2001. PARTICIPANTS A total of 111 adults (109 men) with moderate or severe lipoatrophy who were receiving stavudine (n = 85) or zidovudine (n = 26) and had stable plasma HIV RNA levels below 400 copies/mL and no prior abacavir therapy. INTERVENTION Patients were randomly assigned to switch from stavudine or zidovudine to abacavir, 300 mg twice per day, while continuing all other antiretroviral therapy (n = 54) or to continue all antiretroviral therapy (n = 57). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was limb fat mass, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; key secondary end points were plasma HIV RNA levels, adverse events, physician-assessed (via subjective measures) lipodystrophy severity, total and central fat mass, and fasting metabolic (lipid, glycemic, and lactate) levels. RESULTS There was a significant increase in limb fat in the abacavir group relative to the stavudine/zidovudine group (0.39 vs 0.08 kg; mean difference, 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.57 kg), as well as significant relative increases in subcutaneous thigh (P =.01), arm (P<.001), and abdominal (P =.001) fat areas on computed tomography. Switching had no significant effect on secondary end points, including plasma HIV RNA (for unadjusted comparison between groups at week 24, odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.48-3.96). Change in limb fat mass at week 24 did not correlate with change in subjectively determined perceived lipoatrophy severity (r = -0.06; P =.53 by Spearman correlation). Hypersensitivity to abacavir was seen in 5 patients (10%). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of lipoatrophic HIV-infected adults, switching from stavudine or zidovudine to abacavir for 24 weeks led to significant, albeit modest, objectively measured increases in limb fat. Clinical lipoatrophy, as assessed subjectively, did not resolve, however, and at the rate of increase observed may take years to resolve with use of this strategy. Longer-term follow-up is needed.
Scheduled UWB pulse transmissions for cooperative localization

In this paper we have proposed a technique for cooperative localization where localization is done in distributive fashion without using any additional broadcast by nodes. The method relies on a fixed scheduled ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse transmissions by nodes in a predetermined way. The advantages of the proposed method is simpler hardware, comparatively less pulse transmission in the system hence energy efficient and faster update rate.
First observation of FinFET specific mismatch behavior and optimization guidelines for SRAM scaling

Vt-mismatch, and thus SRAM scalability, is greatly improved in narrow SOI FinFETs, with respect to planar bulk, because of their undoped channel and near-ideal gate control. We show by simulations and by measurements that in FinFETs, unlike planar bulk, beta-mismatch becomes dominant, leading to radically different SRAM characteristics. By careful process tuning, we demonstrate a substantial reduction in beta-mismatch. We show the impact of this novel mismatch behavior on SRAM performance and yield under various optimization strategies and thereby provide guidelines for SRAM design in a FinFET technology.
Hepatic uptake of bromosulfophthalein-glutathione in perfused Eisai hyperbilirubinemic mutant rat liver: a multiple-indicator dilution study.

The hepatocellular uptake of the glutathione conjugate of bromosulfophthalein (BSPGSH) was examined in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR; originating from Sprague-Dawley rats), which lacked the ATP-dependent canalicular transport for non-bile acid organic anions, a trend common to other mutant rat strains (TR- and GY, originating from Wistar rats). Single-pass perfused rat liver experiments were conducted with BSPGSH (26-257 microM) using the multiple indicator dilution technique. The steady-state extraction ratio of BSPGSH was close to zero due to lack of biliary excretion. After the introduction of a bolus dose containing vascular (51Cr-labeled red blood cells), interstitial (125I-labeled albumin and [14C]sucrose) and cellular space (D2O) indicators and [3H]BSPGSH into the portal vein, the outflow dilution profile of [3H]BSPGSH was found to display a protracted declining profile (tailing) at low input BSPGSH concentrations; the tail disappeared at higher BSPGSH concentrations. When data were fitted with the barrier-limited model of Goresky as used previously for BSPGSH for the Sprague-Dawley rat (SDR), model fitting was found to evoke an additional "deep pool" within the hepatocyte to account for the "tail" component. The deep pool became evident for the EHBR because biliary excretion of BSPGSH was absent and the rate of return from the deep pool was slow. The concentration of BSPGSH within the deep pool was estimated to be 12 +/- 8 times that in the cytosol. The binding of BSPGSH to EHBR S9 (effective binding concentration of 53 microM and a binding association constant KA of 2.4 x 10(4) M-1), however, was found to be lower than that of SDR S9 and could not account for the late-in-time data. The influx permeability-surface area product was concentration dependent and decreased from 0.27 to 0.01 ml.sec-1.g-1 with increasing BSPGSH concentration; the throughput component, or the portion of the dose that goes through the liver without entering the hepatocyte, increased with increasing concentration. The trends were characteristic of carrier-mediated transport and were similar to those found for the uptake of BSPGSH in SDR.
Treatment of restless legs syndrome with levodopa plus benserazide.

To the Editor. — We treated five patients, three men and two women, with restless legs syndrome. Their ages ranged from 33 to 54 years, and the duration of their symptoms from two to 20 years. Their symptoms were moderate to severe in degree, and they were followed up for six to 18 months. The symptom common to all subjects was a disturbing feeling in the legs urging them to move their legs1; one also had pain. These symptoms appeared only during attempts to sleep and relaxation periods. Involuntary jerking movements of the legs, which occurred along with the preceding symptoms, made the patients uncomfortable and caused insomnia. Four subjects were given 200 mg of levodopa and 50 mg of benserazide about an hour before going to sleep. In the remaining subject, whose severe affliction had heredofamilial characteristics, the daily dosage of the drug was 500 to 750 mg. All patients
Sources of Middle School Students’ Self-Efficacy in Mathematics: A Qualitative Investigation

According to A. Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory, individuals form their self-efficacy beliefs by interpreting information from four sources: mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasions, and physiological or affective states. The purpose of this study was to examine the heuristics students use as they form their mathematics self-efficacy from these and other sources. Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight middle school students who reported either high or low self-efficacy and with students’ parents and mathematics teachers. Students relied on information from all four hypothesized sources, which were combined according to various heuristics. Teaching structures, course placement, and students’ self-regulated learning also emerged as important factors related to self-efficacy. Results refine and extend the tenets of social cognitive theory.