Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconciling the New Keynesian Model with Observed Persistence

Despite sound theoretical foundations a drawback of the New Keynesian model is its inability to generate adequate persistence in the variables it seeks to explain. A common solution is to modify the model to include lagged variables. However, this is unsatisfactory as many such modifications depart from the microeconomic underpinnings of the original model. This paper presents results from simulation exercises that support the fully forward-looking New Keynesian model. In particular, we show that the exchange rate channel of monetary policy, which has been largely overlooked in existing studies of persistence, is instrumental in generating inflation persistence. However, the combination of full forward-looking behaviour and an open economy is unable to generate sufficient persistence in the output gap. By including an autocorrelated noise term to the assumption of rational expectations, the model is capable of generating persistence that match those of US inflation, the output gap, the nominal interest rate, as well as the real exchange rate.
Fuzzy estimation of comprehensive depreciation indicators for 21 developing countries

Although depreciation is a crucial factor in economic growth models, little effort has been made to estimate depreciation rates. This study provides the integrated fuzzy indicators for the depreciation rates in 21 peer developing countries. Within the framework of fuzzy logic, first, ten related variables are combined to obtain four depreciation indicators, namely human, social, physical, and natural capital. Then the four indicators are combined to obtain an overall depreciation measure. The results indicate that remarkable gap exists among developing countries. The overall depreciation rates are at the highest level in the CIS countries (circa 0.7) and at the lowest level in some of the developing European nations (circa 0.4).
Freud-1: A Neuronal Calcium-Regulated Repressor of the 5-HT1A Receptor Gene

Altered regulation of 5-HT1A receptors is implicated in mood disorders such as anxiety and major depression. To provide insight into its transcriptional regulation, we previously identified a novel DNA element [14 bp 5′-repressor element (FRE)] of the 5-HT1A receptor gene that mediates repression in neuronal and non-neuronal cells (Ou et al., 2000). We have now cloned a novel DNA binding protein [five′ repressor element under dual repression binding protein-1 (Freud-1)] that binds to FRE to mediate repression of the 5-HT1A receptor or heterologous promoters. Freud-1 is evolutionarily conserved and contains two DM-14 basic repeats, a predicted helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain, and a protein kinase C conserved region 2 (C2)/calcium-dependent lipid binding (CalB) calcium/phospholipid binding domain. An intact CalB domain was required for Freud-1-mediated repression. In serotonergic raphe cells, overexpression of Freud-1 repressed the 5-HT1A promoter and decreased 5-HT1A receptor protein levels, whereas transfection of antisense to Freud-1 derepressed the 5-HT1A gene and increased 5-HT1A receptor protein expression. Calcium-dependent signaling blocked Freud-1-FRE binding and derepressed the 5-HT1A promoter. Treatment with inhibitors of calmodulin or CAM-dependent protein kinase reversed calcium-mediated inhibition of Freud-1. Freud-1 RNA and protein were present in raphe nuclei, hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus, and Freud-1 protein was colocalized with 5-HT1A receptors, suggesting its importance in regulating 5-HT1A receptors in vivo. Thus, Freud-1 represents a novel calcium-regulated repressor that negatively regulates basal 5-HT1A receptor expression in neurons and may play a role in the altered regulation of 5-HT1A receptors associated with anxiety or major depression.
A morphology-based Chinese word segmentation method

This paper proposes a novel method of Chinese word segmentation utilizing morphology information. The method introduces morphology into statistical model to capture structural relationship within word. It improves the conventional Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) models on the ability of representing the structure information. Firstly, a word-segmented Chinese corpus is annotated with morphology tags by a semi-automatic method. The resulting structure-related tags are integrated into the CRFs model. Secondly, a joint CRFs model is trained, which generates both morphology tags and word boundaries. Experiments are carried out on several SIGHAN Bakeoff corpus and show that the morphology information can improve the performance of Chinese word segmentation significantly, especially for the segmentation of out-of-vocabulary words.
Entrepreneurship education and employment performance

Purpose – College graduates' unemployment problems have gradually become a social problem. This paper aims to find out whether entrepreneurship education can promote employment and improve job satisfaction by finding the impact of entrepreneurship education on increasing employment performance.Design/methodology/approach – The paper surveys the undergraduates who graduated by 2010 from Jilin University and attained their entrepreneurship and employment performance value. The paper draws a conclusion by making correlation analysis.Findings – The results showed that entrepreneurship has a positive impact effect on the employment performance. It is confirmed entrepreneurship education has a positive effect on employment.Originality/value – The paper made a link between the entrepreneurship research and the employment study, and provided a theoretical underpinning to the concept of “Encouraging entrepreneurship to drive employment”. This also provided the rationality and necessity of entrepreneurship education.
NOMINAL CONVERGENCE IN POST -ACCESSION ROMANIA

This paper aims to analyze the achievement of nominal convergence criteria by the Romanian economy, as well as the macroeconomic effects caused by the strong targeting of these criteria. The global crisis caused a small contraction of governmental expenditure but a fast-growing public debt. The policies restricting budget deficit and public debt continue to produce strong theoretical debates on the right way to reach economic growth.
T Cells Contain an RNase-Insensitive Inhibitor of APOBEC3G Deaminase Activity

The deoxycytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (A3G) is expressed in human T cells and inhibits HIV-1 replication. When transfected into A3G-deficient epithelial cell lines, A3G induces catastrophic hypermutation by deaminating the HIV-1 genome. Interestingly, studies suggest that endogenous A3G in T cells induces less hypermutation than would be expected. However, to date, the specific deaminase activity of endogenous A3G in human CD4+ T cells has not been examined directly. Here, we compared deaminase activity of endogenous and exogenous A3G in various human cell lines using a standard assay and a novel, quantitative, high-throughput assay. Exogenous A3G in epithelial cell lysates displayed deaminase activity only following RNase treatment, as expected given that A3G is known to form an enzymatically inactive RNA-containing complex. Surprisingly, comparable amounts of endogenous A3G from T cell lines or from resting or activated primary CD4+ T cells exhibited minimal deaminase activity, despite RNase treatment. Specific deaminase activity of endogenous A3G in H9, CEM, and other T cell lines was up to 36-fold lower than specific activity of exogenous A3G in epithelial-derived cell lines. Furthermore, RNase-treated T cell lysates conferred a dose-dependent inhibition to epithelial cell lysates expressing enzymatically active A3G. These studies suggest that T cells, unlike epithelial-derived cell lines, express an unidentified RNase-resistant factor that inhibits A3G deaminase activity. This factor could be responsible for reduced levels of hypermutation in T cells, and its identification and blockade could offer a means for increasing antiretroviral intrinsic immunity of T cells.
Design of Full Adder Circuit Using Double Gate MOSFET

This paper presents a design of a one bit full adder cell based on degenerate pass transistor logic (PTL) using Double Gate MOSFET. The design cell is degenerate 5-T XOR-XNOR module. This design has been compared with existing one-bit full adder cell based on degenerate pass transistor logic (PTL) designed using Single Gate MOSFET. In this paper, the proposed circuit has been analyzed for parameters like- power consumption and power delay product. The simulations of the proposed Full Adder have been performed using Tanner EDA Tool version 13.0. All the proposed design simulations are carried out at 45nm technology for various inputs like supply voltage, temperature and frequency. The decrease of 24% in power consumption has observed in proposed circuit. The results show a validity of double gate MOSFETs for designing for low power full adder circuit.
Heterothermy of free-living Arabian sand gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa marica) in a desert environment

SUMMARY To test whether free-living desert ungulates employ heterothermy to reduce water loss, we measured core body temperature (Tb) of six free-living Arabian sand gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa marica), a small desert antelope (12–20 kg) that lives in the deserts of Saudi Arabia, where air temperature (Ta) often exceeds 40°C. We found that the mean daily Tb varied by 2.6±0.8°C during summer (June–July) and 1.7±0.3°C during winter (January–February); over both seasons, mean Tb was 39.5±0.2°C. During the day, in summer, Tb increased by more than 2°C when Ta>Tb and declined at night when Ta<Tb, suggesting that gazelles stored heat during day and dissipated it by non evaporative means during night. The minimum Tb was lower in summer (38.2±0.5°C) than in winter (38.6±0.3°C) despite the fact that the gradient between Tb and Ta was larger and solar radiation was lower in winter. Correlation between daily variation of Tb and mean, maximal Tas were significant in summer, but not in winter. To dissipate the amount of heat stored by gazelles would require an evaporative water loss of 33.5 ml H2O day–1 in summer and 23.2 ml H2O day–1 in winter. We tested whether the amplitude of daily variation in Tb was influenced by the level of water provided to six captive sand gazelles maintained under controlled conditions in summer. The daily amplitude of Tb was increased by 1.4°C when gazelles were denied drinking water but supplied with pre-formed water in food, and by 1.1°C when they were denied both water and food. Gazelles denied only drinking water increased the amplitude of variation in Tb, whereas when denied both food and water, they seemed to undergo a dehydration-hyperthermia, with increased mean and maximal Tb values but no decrease of minimal Tb. Free-ranging and captive gazelles surviving on pre-formed water in natural food used heterothermy during summer with no elevation of plasma osmolality, indicating that they were not in a state of dehydration. Our data on variation in Tb of gazelles provide an example of a small desert ungulate employing heterothermy to reduce evaporative water loss that would otherwise be required to maintain normothermic Tb.
A novel variable-gain amplifier based on an FGMOS transistor

In radio-frequency receivers, variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs) are often used in order to compensate for the change of the signal level during the channel transmission and to relax the constraints on the succeeding analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In this paper, a novel VGA is introduced using a floating-gate MOS transistor (FGMOS). The voltage gain, the linearity, the valid region for proper operation, and the sensitivity are discussed and quantitative expressions are derived for them. The performance of this amplifier is verified by simulation adopting the 45 nm CMOS technology with Vdd = 1 V.
Caching IPTV

IPTV services are the fastest growing television services in the world today. This is a bandwidth intensive service, requiring low latency and tight control of jitter. To guarantee the quality of service required, service providers opt to multicast all TV channels at all times to everywhere. However, a significant number of channels are rarely watched, which makes this a very inefficient delivery system. In this paper, we present the first caching system for live streaming IPTV. We consider three different caching strategies: caching all TV channels, caching only the active channels, or maintain a fixed-size cache. We have evaluated these different strategies by means of trace-driven simulations using a large dataset from a commercial nationwide IPTV service. The dataset comprises 255 thousand users, 150 TV channels, and covers a 6-month period. The overall conclusion of this study is that we can save a considerable amount of bandwidth affecting only a very small number of TV channel requests. For instance, if the ISP we analysed cached only half the number of TV channels in each DSLAM, thus saving 50% of the bandwidth, it would affect on average only 2% of all requests. Also, by caching only the active channels in regional routers, the bandwidth savings could add up to 33% in most regions, affecting less than 0.2% of all requests.
Application of Complete Local Binary Pattern Method for facial expression recognition

We propose a novel approach using Complete Local Binary Pattern feature generation method for facial expression recognition with the help of Multi-Class Support Vector Machine. Complete Local Binary Pattern method is an extended version of Local Binary Pattern method with a little difference. LBP feature considers only signs of local differences, whereas CLBP feature considers both signs and magnitude of local differences as well as original center gray level value. CLBP and LBP have same computational complexity while CLBP performs better facial expression recognition over LBP using SVM training and multiclass classification with binary SVM classifiers. The experimental result demonstrate the average efficiency of recognition of propose method (35 images) with CLBP is 86.4%, while with LBP and CCV is 84.1255% and 75.83% in the JAFFE database.
1 O ct 1 99 9 The Syntax of Coherence

This article tackles categorical coherence within a two-dimensional generalization of Lawvere’s functorial semantics. 2-theories, a syntactical way of describing categories with structure, are presented. From the perspective here afforded, many coherence results become simple statements about the quasi-Yoneda lemma and 2-theory-morphisms. Given two 2-theories and a 2-theory-morphism between them, we explore the induced relationship between the corresponding 2-categories of algebras. The strength of the induced quasi-adjoints are classified by the strength of the 2-theorymorphism. These quasi-adjoints reflect the extent to which one structure can be replaced by another. A two-dimensional analogue of the Kronecker product is defined and constructed. This operation allows one to generate new coherence laws from old ones.
The Death of Democracy and the Forces of Power and Control: The Case of Europe

At the time of writing, the United Kingdom is grabbling with its decision to abandon its European Union membership. As the country is divided and hate incidents are increased by almost 50%, this think-piece presents a critical analysis of Europe’s missed opportunity for social justice. The paper presents evidence by analysing the civil and political rights jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in order to explore the potential of what it calls the “human rights project” for a regional democracy. The paper shows that a key objective of the European Convention of Human Rights was the development of case law that would construct a regional democracy for bringing consistency in the enjoyment of civil and political rights across the continent. This “human rights project” was well underway, but is now hampered by contemporary forces of power and control that are ridiculing the work and status of the Council of Europe. The paper identifies three levers that move these forces, namely: financial and security terror as well as nationalism. The paper warns that if these forces are not managed, the backlash in social justice will continue while the human rights project for a regional democracy will come to its demise.
Ultrastructural Changes in Axons Following Exposure to Pulsed Radiofrequency Fields

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) fields applied by an electrode to neural structures, such as the peripheral sensory nociceptor axons and dorsal root ganglion, are clinically effective in reducing pain and other neuropathic syndromes. However, a full understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which this occurs has not yet been clarified. In this study, PRF is applied to the afferent axons of the sciatic nerves of rats. A standard radiofrequency (RF) electrode and RF generator is used to apply the RF signal output to the sciatic nerve using standard PRF parameters that have been successfully used in clinical practice. The ultrastructure of the treated axons is observed after 10 days by electron microscopy. A control, sham application is simultaneously applied to the contralateral sciatic nerve to provide a statistical differential comparison. It is found that the internal ultrastructural components of the axons show microscopic damage after PRF exposure, including: abnormal membranes and morphology of mitochondria, and disruption and disorganization of microfilaments and microtubules. The damage appears to be more pronounced for C‐fibers than for A‐delta and A‐beta fibers. The results are discussed in terms of internal electric field strengths and thermodynamic parameters.
Reenement of Concurrent Object Oriented Programs

FOOPS is a concurrent object oriented language. Based on FOOPS operational semantics, we introduce a notion of reenement for states of FOOPS systems together with a proof technique for proving reenement. Using this notion, we deene reenement of FOOPS (method) expressions and programs. Although we focus on FOOPS, our deenition of reenement is independent of this language. We also illustrate the use of reenement for stepwise formal development of programs in FOOPS. Based on that, we give an overall evaluation of our approach and comment on alternative approaches for the reenement of concurrent object oriented programs, concluding that none of them provide both a general deenition of reenement and an eeective proof technique such as the one presented here.
Growth Arrest Following ACL Reconstruction With Hamstring Autograft in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Review of 4 Cases

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are becoming more common in the skeletally immature population as participation in high-risk sports continues to grow. This presents a challenge for the treating surgeon as ACL reconstruction in this patient set has the added aim of preservation of the growth plate anatomy. The purpose of this investigation is to report on 4 patients who developed growth arrest following ACL reconstruction and offer a review of the available literature. Methods: Four skeletally immature patients (2 male and 2 female) were identified who underwent ACL reconstruction at mean age of 14.2 years (range, 13.5 to 14.8 y) and developed growth arrests. Bone ages at the time of reconstruction were 14 and 16 years for the boys and 13 years 6 months and 14 years for the girls. All patients had a transphyseal reconstruction with a hamstring autograft. Standard postoperative care was provided including clinical and radiographic follow-up at regular intervals. Clinically significant postoperative physeal arrest was confirmed on MRI or CT scan. Detailed chart review examined demographics, operative variables, and postoperative subjective and objective clinical measures. Results: Two patients developed tibial recurvatum; 2 patients developed genu valgum. Three patients required further surgery. One patient underwent distal femoral–guided growth procedure, 2 underwent proximal tibial epiphysiodesis, and 1 patient was skeletally mature at presentation and did not require deformity correction. Conclusions: This report of 4 patients demonstrates that growth arrest following ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients is a real concern and highlights the importance of careful preoperative evaluation and discussion with patients and family members. We routinely obtain long-leg AP and lateral hip-to-ankle films on skeletally immature patients before performing an ACL reconstruction and then at 6 and 12 months postoperatively or every 6 months until the growth plates are closed to assess leg lengths and lower extremity alignment. Level of Evidence: Level IV—therapeutic study, case series.
Flow field visualization using vector field perpendicular surfaces

This paper introduces Vector Field Perpendicular Surfaces as a means to represent vector data with special focus on variations across the vectors in the field. These surfaces are a perpendicular analogue to streamlines, with the vector data always being parallel to the normals of the surface. In this way the orientation of the data is conveyed to the viewer, while providing a continuous representation across the vectors of the field. This paper describes the properties of such surfaces including an issue with helicity density in the vector data, an approach to generating them, several stop conditions and special means to handle also fields with non-zero helicity density.
CA15-3 and alkaline phosphatase as predictors for breast cancer recurrence: a combined analysis of seven International Breast Cancer Study Group trials.

BACKGROUND We evaluated the ability of CA15-3 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to predict breast cancer recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from seven International Breast Cancer Study Group trials were combined. The primary end point was relapse-free survival (RFS) (time from randomization to first breast cancer recurrence), and analyses included 3953 patients with one or more CA15-3 and ALP measurement during their RFS period. CA15-3 was considered abnormal if >30 U/ml or >50% higher than the first value recorded; ALP was recorded as normal, abnormal, or equivocal. Cox proportional hazards models with a time-varying indicator for abnormal CA15-3 and/or ALP were utilized. RESULTS Overall, 784 patients (20%) had a recurrence, before which 274 (35%) had one or more abnormal CA15-3 and 35 (4%) had one or more abnormal ALP. Risk of recurrence increased by 30% for patients with abnormal CA15-3 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.30; P = 0.0005], and by 4% for those with abnormal ALP (HR = 1.04; P = 0.82). Recurrence risk was greatest for patients with either (HR = 2.40; P < 0.0001) and with both (HR = 4.69; P < 0.0001) biomarkers abnormal. ALP better predicted liver recurrence. CONCLUSIONS CA15-3 was better able to predict breast cancer recurrence than ALP, but use of both biomarkers together provided a better early indicator of recurrence. Whether routine use of these biomarkers improves overall survival remains an open question.
INTEGRAL observations of recurrent fast X-ray transient sources

Fast X-ray Transients (FXTs) are believed to be non-recurrent bright X-ray sources lasting less than a day and occuring at serendipitous positions, they can best be detected and discovered by instruments having a sufficiently wide field of view and high sensitivity. The IBIS/ISGRI instrument onboard INTEGRAL is particularly suited to detect new or already known fast X-ray transient sources. We report on IBIS/ISGRI detection of newly discovered outbursts of three fast transient sources located at low Galactic latitude: SAX J1818.6−1703; IGR J16479−4514; IGR J17391−302/XTE J1739−302. The reported results confirm and strengthen the very fast transient nature of these sources, given that all their newly detected outbursts have a duration less than ∼3 h. Additionally, they provide the first evidence for a possible recurrent fast transient behaviour as all three sources were detected in outburst by ISGRI more than once during the last 2 years.