Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Conventional Amplification for Pediatric Unilateral Hearing Loss

Objectives: Although children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) are at risk for educational difficulties and behavioral problems, the research on treatment outcomes is limited. Previous studies suggested that children with UHL would benefit from frequency-modulated assistive devices only. The objective of this study was to examine whether children with UHL would benefit from using a conventional hearing aid in the poorer-hearing ear. Methods: Eight children, 7 to 12 years of age, with mild to moderately severe UHL and their parents and teachers participated in this study. The participants were fitted with digital hearing aids by use of pediatric prescriptive targets. The primary outcome measures were speech perception tests in quiet and noise and subjective assessments from participants, parents, and teachers, administered before hearing aid fitting and after 3 months of hearing aid use. Results: The group average speech perception scores showed no significant aided benefit or detriment in any of the conditions tested. However, subjective assessments showed large significant aided benefits at home and school according to the children and their parents, and in quality of life as reported by the children with UHL. Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that a hearing aid trial should be considered for children with mild to moderately severe UHL, with individual monitoring for benefit.
Rough Set Based Ensemble Prediction for Topic Specific Web Crawling

The rapid growth of the world wide web had made the problem of useful resource discovery an important one in recent years. Several techniques such as focused crawling and intelligent crawling have recently been proposed for topic specific resource discovery. All these crawlers use the hypertext features behavior in order to perform topic specific resource discovery. A focused crawler uses the relevance score of the crawled page to score the unvisited URLs extracted from it. The scored URLs are then added to the frontier. Then it picks up the best URL to crawl next.Focused crawlers rely on different types of features of the crawled pages to keep the crawling scope within the desired domain and they are obtained from URL, anchor text, link structure and text contents of the parent and ancestor pages.Different focused crawling algorithms use these different set of features to predict the relevance and quality of the unvisited Web pages. In this article a combined method based on Rough Set Theory has been proposed. It combines the available predictions using decision rules and can build much larger domain-specific collections with less noise. Our experiment in this regard has provided better Harvest rate and better Target recall for focused crawling.
Data quality and 30-day survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the UK out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry: a data linkage study

Objectives The Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes (OHCAO) project aims to understand the epidemiology and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) across the UK. This data linkage study is a subproject of OHCAO. The aim was to establish the feasibility of linking OHCAO data to National Health Service (NHS) patient demographic data and Office for National Statistics (ONS) date of death data held on the NHS Personal Demographics Service (PDS) database to improve OHCAO demographic data quality and enable analysis of 30-day survival from OHCA. Design and setting Data were collected from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 as part of a prospective, observational study of OHCA attended by 10 English NHS Ambulance Services. 28 729 OHCA cases had resuscitation attempted by Emergency Medical Services and were included in the study. Data linkage was carried out using a data linkage service provided by NHS Digital, a national provider of health-related data. To assess data linkage feasibility a random sample of 3120 cases was selected. The sample was securely transferred to NHS Digital to be matched using OHCAO patient demographic data to return previously missing demographic data and provide ONS date of death data. Results A total of 2513 (80.5%) OHCAO cases were matched to patients in the NHS PDS database. Using the linkage process, missing demographic data were retrieved for 1636 (72.7%) out of 2249 OHCAO cases that had previously incomplete demographic data. Returned ONS date of death data allowed analysis of 30-day survival status. The results showed a 30-day survival rate of 9.3%, reducing unknown survival status from 46.1% to 8.5%. Conclusions In this sample, data linkage between the OHCAO registry and NHS PDS database was shown to be feasible, improving demographic data quality and allowing analysis of 30-day survival status.
Heart-Kidney Interaction: Epidemiology of Cardiorenal Syndromes

Cardiac and kidney diseases are common, increasingly encountered, and often coexist. Recently, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Working Group convened a consensus conference to develop a classification scheme for the CRS and for five discrete subtypes. These CRS subtypes likely share pathophysiologic mechanisms, however, also have distinguishing clinical features, in terms of precipitating events, risk identification, natural history, and outcomes. Knowledge of the epidemiology of heart-kidney interaction stratified by the proposed CRS subtypes is increasingly important for understanding the overall burden of disease for each CRS subtype, along with associated morbidity, mortality, and health resource utilization. Likewise, an understanding of the epidemiology of CRS is necessary for characterizing whether there exists important knowledge gaps and to aid in the design of clinical studies. This paper will provide a summary of the epidemiology of the cardiorenal syndrome and its subtypes.
A New Authentication Protocol for Wireless Communication Network Based on IEEE802.16

After analyzing the specific security requirements of the wireless communication network based on IEEE802.16, a series of key issues about security methods and techniques were researched. A new authentication protocol for wireless mobile environment was proposed and designed. Then, its security was analyzed from the angle of technical realization and formal analysis to verify whether the original safety goals were achieved. Especially, formal analysis was mostly done. Finally, system testing was also carried out and the results were analyzed to verify function and performance of the new protocol.
Essentiality of Early Diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children and Review of its Clinical Presentation, Etiology and Management

Abstract Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common developmental condition resulting in enamel defects in first permanent molars and permanent incisors. It presents at eruption of these teeth. One to four molars, and often also the incisors, could be affected. Since first recognized, the condition has been puzzling and interpreted as a distinct phenomenon unlike other enamel disturbances. Early diagnosis is essential since, rapid breakdown of tooth structure may occur, giving rise to acute symptoms and complicated treatment. The purpose of this article is to review MIH and illustrate its diagnosis and clinical management in young children. How to cite this article: Garg N, Jain AK, Saha S, Singh J. Essentiality of Early Diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children and Review of its Clinical Presentation, Etiology and Management. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(3):190-196.
MOSES: A Matlab-based open-source stochastic epidemic simulator

This paper presents an open-source stochastic epidemic simulator. Discrete Time Markov Chain based simulator is implemented in Matlab. The simulator capable of simulating SEQIJR (susceptible, exposed, quarantined, infected, isolated and recovered) model can be reduced to simpler models by setting some of the parameters (transition probabilities) to zero. Similarly, it can be extended to more complicated models by editing the source code. It is designed to be used for testing different control algorithms to contain epidemics. The simulator is also designed to be compatible with a network based epidemic simulator and can be used in the network based scheme for the simulation of a node. Simulations show the capability of reproducing different epidemic model behaviors successfully in a computationally efficient manner.
Comparison of vertical cup-disc ratio and disc damage likelihood scale with respect to visual field global indices in primary open-angle glaucoma patients: A cross-sectional study

Background: In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), structural changes in optic nerve head precede functional changes in visual field (VF). Hence, it is important to detect glaucoma early as well as to monitor changes in glaucomatous damage. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between each of vertical cup/disc ratio (VCDR) and the disc damage likelihood scale (DDLS) with global indices of Humphrey Field Analyzer II (HFA II). Methods: A total of 142 eyes of 71 patients diagnosed with POAG who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were examined to grade DDLS score VCDR. HFA II Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm Standard 24-2 VFs were obtained. Statistical Analysis: The correlation of cup/disc (C/D) ratio with mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) was calculated by Spearman's correlation coefficient. Similar coefficients were obtained for DDLS also. Correlation values of selected variables were compared to find the difference in correlations. Results: DDLS shows strong negative correlation with MD (− 0.725) and strong positive correlation (0.625) with PSD when compared to C/D ratio. However, the differences between these correlations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The DDLS shows stronger correlation with VF global indices than C/D ratio. Attention to disc diameter and rim width may increase the value of clinical optic disc examination
Modeling Fire Spread Under Environmental Influence Using A Cellular Automation Approach

The classical modeling approach to fire spread relies largely on empirical models. The most successful of these is the one developed by Rothermel. While several fire simulation models based on cellular automata currently exist, none provides sufficient details as described by Rothermel’s model. This paper describes a model for simulating bushfire spread using the cellular automaton approach that takes into account a number of important environmental factors such as b sh density, land height, flammability, and wind condition. The model simulates an artificial environment on a 2 dimensional grid where bushes are initially randomly generated at various locations. Fire is represented at a microscopic level as groups of flames interacting with their environment (i.e., bottom-up approach). Fire can then be ignited from a certain spot or one side of the artificial world, then spread across the world according to some “interaction rules”. The preliminary results have shown that this simulation can exhibit interesting behaviors that mimic many aspects of the bushfire spread in a real world scenario.
Stochastic Bounded Model Checking: Bounded Rewards and Compositionality

We extend the available SAT/SMT-based methods for generating counterexamples of probabilistic systems in two ways: First, we propose bounded rewards, which are appropriate, e. g. , to model the energy consumption of autonomous embedded systems, and show how to extend the SMT-based counterexample generation to handle such models. Second, we describe a compositional SAT encoding of the transition relation of Markov models, which exploits the system structure to obtain a more compact formula, which in turn can be solved more efficiently. Preliminary experiments show promising results in both cases.
Decision Making Styles of Consumer in buying food products : A Study of Bhopal City

With the growth in number of consumers in India, it is important to study the buying behavior of consumers. This study is an attempt to investigate the decision making styles of consumers. The consumer decision making process, which is a complex phenomenon and There are number of factors that could affect the purchase decision of goods or services. Decision making is more complex and even more important for consumers today than in the past. 86 consumers were selected randomly for the study. By a structured questionnaire the Consumer’s decision making styles were identified and factor analysis method used for analysis. These styles were shopping enjoyment, habitual buying, consciousness of brand, perfectionist & quality consciousness, brand loyalty, confused by over choices, impulse buying and store loyalty.
Very Low Dose Fetal Exposure to Chernobyl Contamination Resulted in Increases in Infant Leukemia in Europe and Raises Questions about Current Radiation Risk Models

Following contamination from the Chernobyl accident in April 1986 excess infant leukemia (0–1 y) was reported from five different countries, Scotland, Greece, Germany, Belarus and Wales and Scotland combined. The cumulative absorbed doses to the fetus, as conventionally assessed, varied from 0.02 mSv in the UK through 0.06 mSv in Germany, 0.2 mSv in Greece and 2 mSv in Belarus, where it was highest. Nevertheless, the effect was real and given the specificity of the cohort raised questions about the safety of applying the current radiation risk model of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to these internal exposures, a matter which was discussed in 2000 by Busby and Cato [7,8] and also in the reports of the UK Committee examining Radiation Risk from Internal Emitters. Data on infant leukemia in the United Kingdom, chosen on the basis of the cohorts defined by the study of Greece were supplied by the UK Childhood Cancer Research Group. This has enabled a study of leukemia in the combined infant population of 15,466,845 born in the UK, Greece, and Germany between 1980 and 1990. Results show a statistically significant excess risk RR = 1.43 (95% CI 1.13 < RR < 1.80 (2-tailed); p = 0.0025) in those born during the defined peak exposure period of 01/07/86 to 31/12/87 compared with those born between 01/01/80 and 31/12/85 and 01/01/88 and 31/12/90. The excess risks in individual countries do not increase monotonically with the conventionally calculated doses, the relation being biphasic, increasing sharply at low doses and falling at high doses. This result is discussed in relation to fetal/cell death at higher doses and also to induction of DNA repair. Since the cohort is chosen specifically on the basis of exposure to internal radionuclides, the result can be expressed as evidence for a significant error in the conventional modeling for such internal fetal exposures.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Rivastigmine in Human Plasma for Application in Pharmacokinetic Studies

A simple and reproducible HPLC method with spectrophotometric detection was developed for determination of rivastigmine in human plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction of rivastigmine and donepezil (as internal standard) from plasma samples was performed with 1-butanol/n-hexane (2:98 v/v) in alkaline condition followed by back-extraction into diluted acetic acid. Chromatography was carried out using a Silica column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) under isocratic elution with acetonitrile-50 mM aqueous sodium dihydrogen phosphate (17: 83 v/v, pH 3.1. Analyses were run at a flow-rate of 1.3 mL/min at of 50°C. The recovery was 90.8% and 95.7% for rivastigmine and the internal standard donepezil, respectively. The precision of the method was 2.6% to 9.1% over the concentration range of 0.5-16 ng/mL for rivastigmine in plasma with a linearity greater than 0.999. The method was specific and sensitive, with a quantification limit of 0.5 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.2 ng/mL in plasma. The method was used for a bioequivalence study in healthy subjects.
Selective Harmonic Mitigation Technique for Cascaded H-Bridge Converters With Nonequal DC Link Voltages

Multilevel converters have received increased interest recently as a result of their ability to generate high quality output waveforms with a low switching frequency. This makes them very attractive for high-power applications. A cascaded H-bridge converter (CHB) is a multilevel topology which is formed from the series connection of H-bridge cells. Optimized pulse width modulation techniques such as selective harmonic elimination or selective harmonic mitigation (SHM-PWM) are capable of preprogramming the harmonic profile of the output waveform over a range of modulation indices. Such modulation methods may, however, not perform optimally if the dc links of the CHB are not balanced. This paper presents a new SHM-PWM control strategy which is capable of meeting grid codes even under nonequal dc link voltages. The method is based on the interpolation of different sets of angles obtained for specific situations of imbalance. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed control method.
A Logical Treatment of Constructive DualityAnna PattersonComputer Science

We present an investigation of duality in the traditional logical manner. We extend Nelson's symmetrization of intuitionistic logic, constructible falsity, to a self-dual logic; constructible duality. We develop a self-dual model by considering an interval of worlds in an intuitionistic Kripke model. The duality arises through how we judge truth and falsity. Truth is judged forward in the Kripke model, as in intuitionistic logic, while falsity is judged backwards, that is forward in the dual model. We deene a symmetrization of the Beth-Fitting construction which transforms an interval Kripke model in a self-dual algebra for the logic of constructible duality and back. We then show that every point in the algebra is representable by some formula in the logic. This algebra arises as an instantiation of a pseudo-Boolean algebra into several categorical constructions. In particular, we show that this algebra is an instantiation of the Chu construction applied to a pseudo-Boolean algebra, the second Dialectica construction applied to a pseudo-Boolean algebra, and as posetal case of a suggestion by Pitts for the study of recursion and corecursion. Thus the algebra provides a common base for these constructions, and suggests itself as a necessary part of any logical treatment of constructive duality.
A Novel Dynamic Comparator with Reduced Kickback Noise

CMOS Dynamic latched comparators are preferred because they use Positive feedback mechanism with two backto-back cross coupled inverters to convert a small input voltage difference to a supply voltage level in a short time. In this paper we adopted a kickback noise reduction technique which uses Exclusive OR gate in between regenerative nodes and inputs. To validate the results of our proposed design, it was compared with previous works like Single-tail Dynamic Comparator and Double-tail Dynamic Comparator using Mentor Graphics Design Tool with 130 nm technology. The proposed design can be used for the application of SAR ADC in Implantable Biomedical Devices.
The Relation Between Insecure Attachment and Child Anxiety: A Meta-Analytic Review

Attachment theory suggests that children's attachment insecurity plays a key role in the development of anxiety. In the present study we evaluated the empirical evidence for the link between insecure attachment and anxiety from early childhood to adolescence. A meta-analysis of 46 studies, from 1984 to 2010, including 8,907 children, was conducted. The results show an overall effect size of r = . 30, indicating that attachment is moderately related to anxiety. Moderator analyses indicated that ambivalent attachment showed the strongest association with anxiety. Further, the relation was stronger during adolescence, when attachment and anxiety were measured through questionnaires, when the informant was the child, when attachment was measured as internal working model, in cross-sectional studies, and in studies conducted in Europe. No difference was found between studies that measured anxiety as symptoms or as a disorder, and when different kinds of anxiety were considered.
Model reduction by moment matching for nonlinear systems

The problem of model reduction by moment matching for nonlinear systems is addressed and solved using the recently introduced notion of moment for nonlinear systems. It is shown that reduced order models can be parameterized by a free mapping which, in turn, can be used so that the model possesses specific properties, e.g. it has an asymptotically stable equilibrium or given relative degree, it is minimum phase, it is passive. In addition, a nonlinear enhancement of the notion of Markov parameters is provided. The theory is illustrated by means of simple examples.
The Surface Realisation Task: Recent Developments and Future Plans

The Surface Realisation Shared Task was first run in 2011. Two common-ground input representations were developed and for the first time several independently developed surface realisers produced realisations from the same shared inputs. However, the input representations had several shortcomings which we have been aiming to address in the time since. This paper reports on our work to date on improving the input representations and on our plans for the next edition of the SR Task. We also briefly summarise other related developments in NLG shared tasks and outline how the different ideas may be usefully brought together in the future.
Poly(A)-Binding Protein Facilitates Translation of an Uncapped/Nonpolyadenylated Viral RNA by Binding to the 3′ Untranslated Region

ABSTRACT Viruses employ an alternative translation mechanism to exploit cellular resources at the expense of host mRNAs and to allow preferential translation. Plant RNA viruses often lack both a 5′ cap and a 3′ poly(A) tail in their genomic RNAs. Instead, cap-independent translation enhancer elements (CITEs) located in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) mediate their translation. Although eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) or ribosomes have been shown to bind to the 3′CITEs, our knowledge is still limited for the mechanism, especially for cellular factors. Here, we searched for cellular factors that stimulate the 3′CITE-mediated translation of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) RNA1 using RNA aptamer-based one-step affinity chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry analysis. We identified the poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) as one of the key players in the 3′CITE-mediated translation of RCNMV RNA1. We found that PABP binds to an A-rich sequence (ARS) in the viral 3′ UTR. The ARS is conserved among dianthoviruses. Mutagenesis and a tethering assay revealed that the PABP-ARS interaction stimulates 3′CITE-mediated translation of RCNMV RNA1. We also found that both the ARS and 3′CITE are important for the recruitment of the plant eIF4F and eIFiso4F factors to the 3′ UTR and of the 40S ribosomal subunit to the viral mRNA. Our results suggest that dianthoviruses have evolved the ARS and 3′CITE as substitutes for the 3′ poly(A) tail and the 5′ cap of eukaryotic mRNAs for the efficient recruitment of eIFs, PABP, and ribosomes to the uncapped/nonpolyadenylated viral mRNA.
The influence of the EEG alpha rhythm on the perception of visual stimuli.

An experiment is described which was designed to test the hypothesis that brief visual stimuli would not be perceived when they occurred during certain phases of the EEG alpha rhythm. The results agreed with the hypothesis. It was concluded that the alpha rhythm is a correlate of the activity of a ‘neuronic shutter' which periodically prevents the reception or processing of visual information by the brain. The procedure used was such that there was no necessity for the subjects to pay attention to the stimuli; indeed, efforts were made to avoid such attention. This methodology was thought to be of importance in obtaining a positive result.