Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INHIBITION ET EMOTION : Conservations, fonctions exécutives et Hédonie.

Cette these presente des apports experimentaux originaux aux domaines d'etudes de l'inhibition et de l'emotion ainsi que dans la conceptualisation du developpement cognitif de l'enfance a l'âge adulte. L'inhibition est etudiee par des experiences de chronometrie mentale parfois inedites sur les tâches de conservation du nombre, des longueurs et du poids. Une batterie d'epreuves de fonctions executives est egalement proposee aux sujets afin de tester l'hypothese de l'inhibition comme « age-and-domain-specific ». Les donnees experimentales sur l'inhibition renforcent l'hypothese de l'inhibition specifique et soulignent la possibilite d'envisager deux voies de traitement cognitif differentes selon le type de quantite implique dans les tâches de conservation : continu ou discontinu. Un nouveau paradigme d'etude du plaisir chez l'enfant est egalement presente consistant en une procedure informatisee de presentation de photos hedoniques. Les resultats indiquent des types de plaisirs differents chez les enfants par rapport aux resultats deja connus des adultes en psychopathologie. La mise en relation des resultats sur le processus d'inhibition et ceux sur l'emotion indique un lien entre l'hedonie visuelle et l'inhibition.
Stalking Beasts, But Swatting Flies: The Teaching of Critical Thinking.

This article takes a critical look at what is called "critical thinking," and it shows how this notion is typically confused with such notions as "reasoning ability" and "argument analysis. " Moreover, it is argued that the confusion of these notions often forms a large part of the justification for programs in critical thinking. The role of critical thinking in "everyday problems" is also discussed, and the author presents an hypothesis that knowledge and training in the traditional disciplines has more potential transfer than direct training in "critical thinking skills. "
A real-time ambient air quality monitoring wireless sensor network for schools in smart cities

Monitoring ambient (outdoor) air quality in school surroundings is of great importance for the health of school children. To help schools in smart cities to assess whether ambient air exposure is unhealthy for school children, in this paper, we present a low-cost solar-powered air quality monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless network system technology. The solar powered network sensor nodes can be deployed by schools to collect and report real-time data on carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dust particles, temperature, and relative humidity. The proposed system allows schools to monitor air quality conditions on a desktop/laptop computer through an application designed using LabVIEW and provides an alert if the air quality characteristics exceed acceptable levels. The sensor network was successfully tested at the Singapore campus of the University of Newcastle, Australia. The experimental results obtained demonstrate that the sensor network can provide high-quality air quality measurements over a wide range of CO, NO2 and dust concentrations.
How representational gestures help speaking

Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the speaker-internal motivation to produce representational gestures. Consequently, the communicative aspects of gesture will be backgrounded in the following discussion, and the main focus will be on the cognitive functions of representational gestures. Representational gestures are defined here as iconic gestures and abstract deictic gestures (McNeill 1992). In an iconic gesture there is a certain degree of isomorphism between the shape of the gesture and the entity that is expressed by the gesture. An abstract deictic gesture points to a seemingly empty space in front of the body, as if establishing a virtual object in the gesture space or pointing at such a virtual object. Because these gestures have a relatively transparent form–function relationship, they play an important role in communication. However, it is known that people also produce representational gestures without visual contact with the interlocutor, although under such a condition the frequency decreases (Rime 1983). This cannot be fully explained as a habit formed during more frequent face-to-face interactions. This is because certain types of gestures that are meant to be seen are not produced if there is no visual contact with the interlocutor. For example, waving a hand to mean “Bye-bye” at the end of a phone conversation feels extremely unnatural. Bavelas et al. (1992) experimentally demonstrated that ‘interactive gestures’, whose signification function involves other participants in the speech event, are produced less frequently when there is no visual contact between the interactants.
Clinical impact of evaluation of cardiovascular control by novel methods of heart rate dynamics

Heart rate variability (HRV) has been conventionally analysed with time- and frequency-domain methods, which measure the overall magnitude of RR interval fluctuations around its mean value or the magnitude of fluctuations in some predetermined frequencies. Analysis of heart rate dynamics by novel methods, such as heart rate turbulence after ventricular premature beats, deceleration capacity of heart rate and methods based on chaos theory and nonlinear system theory, have gained recent interest. Recent observational studies have suggested that some indices describing nonlinear heart rate dynamics, such as fractal scaling exponents, heart rate turbulence and deceleration capacity, may provide useful prognostic information in various clinical settings and their reproducibility may be better than that of traditional indices. For example, the short-term fractal scaling exponent measured by the detrended fluctuation analysis method has been shown to predict fatal cardiovascular events in various populations. Similarly, heart rate turbulence and deceleration capacity have performed better than traditional HRV measures in predicting mortality in post-infarction patients. Approximate entropy, a nonlinear index of heart rate dynamics, which describes the complexity of RR interval behaviour, has provided information on the vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. There are many other nonlinear indices which also give information on the characteristics of heart rate dynamics, but their clinical usefulness is not as well established. Although the concepts of nonlinear dynamics, fractal mathematics and complexity measures of heart rate behaviour, heart rate turbulence, deceleration capacity in relation to cardiovascular physiology or various cardiovascular events are still far away from clinical medicine, they are a fruitful area for research to expand our knowledge concerning the behaviour of cardiovascular oscillations in normal healthy conditions as well as in disease states.
A Hybrid CMOS-Memristor Neuromorphic Synapse

Although data processing technology continues to advance at an astonishing rate, computers with brain-like processing capabilities still elude us. It is envisioned that such computers may be achieved by the fusion of neuroscience and nano-electronics to realize a brain-inspired platform. This paper proposes a high-performance nano-scale Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)-memristive circuit, which mimics a number of essential learning properties of biological synapses. The proposed synaptic circuit that is composed of memristors and CMOS transistors, alters its memristance in response to timing differences among its pre- and post-synaptic action potentials, giving rise to a family of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP). The presented design advances preceding memristive synapse designs with regards to the ability to replicate essential behaviours characterised in a number of electrophysiological experiments performed in the animal brain, which involve higher order spike interactions. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid device CMOS area is estimated as $600\ \mu {\text{m}}^2$ in a $0.35\ \mu {\text{m}}$ process—this represents a factor of ten reduction in area with respect to prior CMOS art. The new design is integrated with silicon neurons in a crossbar array structure amenable to large-scale neuromorphic architectures and may pave the way for future neuromorphic systems with spike timing-dependent learning features. These systems are emerging for deployment in various applications ranging from basic neuroscience research, to pattern recognition, to Brain-Machine-Interfaces.
Object-based image editing

We introduce Object-Based Image Editing (OBIE) for real-time animation and manipulation of static digital photographs. Individual image objects (such as an arm or nose, Figure 1) are selected, scaled, stretched, bent, warped or even deleted (with automatic hole filling) - at the object, rather than the pixel level - using simple gesture motions with a mouse. OBIE gives the user direct, local control over object shape, size, and placement while dramatically reducing the time required to perform image editing tasks.Object selection is performed by manually collecting (subobject) regions detected by a watershed algorithm. Objects are tessellated into a triangular mesh, allowing shape modification to be performed in real time using OpenGL's texture mapping hardware.Through the use of anchor points, the user is able to interactively perform editing operations on a whole object, or just part(s) of an object - including moving, scaling, rotating, stretching, bending, and deleting. Indirect manipulation of object shape is also provided through the use of sliders and Bezier curves. Holes created by movement are filled in real-time based on surrounding texture.When objects stretch or scale, we provide a method for preserving texture granularity or scale. We also present a texture brush, which allows the user to "paint" texture into different parts of an image, using existing image texture(s). OBIE allows the user to perform interactive, high-level editing of image objects in a few seconds to a few ten's of seconds
Coiling as Retreatment in Intracranial Aneurysm of de novo Formation or Regrowth: Case Report

Development of de novo aneurysm or aneurysm regrowth after complete clipping of an intracranial aneurysm is rare. We report coiled cases of de novo aneurysm and aneurysm regrowth. We retrospectively reviewed 107 cases of intracranial aneurysm coiling performed in our hospital, identifying five cases of coiled aneurysm that were de novo aneurysm or aneurysm regrowth. In all the cases, total or near total occlusion was seen. There were no complications related to the procedure. In two of the three patients with ruptured aneurysms, consciousness level on admission was stupor. When the patient was discharged after the treatment, one of them had 4 of the modified Rankin Scale. The other one had 5 on discharge. The rest three patients had 0. As for a de novo aneurysm or a regrowth of aneurysm, coiling may be considered when clipping is difficult.
The balance between corneal transparency and edema: the Proctor Lecture.

The corneas of all animal species remain transparent because of the epithelial barrier, the stromal latticelike arrangement of the collagen fibrils, and the endothelial cells. Depending on the species, the corneal epithelium, the corneal endothelium, or both have a major role in regulating corneal hydration. The ultimate goal is for the cornea to remain transparent and to provide the major refractive function of the eye. The one exception is that of the aquatic fishes, since their lenses serve in the major refractive role. The comparative optical characteristics of the vertebrate eye have been eloquently summarized in Gordon Walls’ text, The Vertebrate Eye and Its Adaptive Radiations. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various factors that regulate corneal hydration and transparency and to illustrate some clinical situations in which the function of the corneal endothelium becomes compromised.
Did You Blog Yesterday? Retention in Community Blogs

We ask what factors cause a blogger to continue participating in the community by contributing content (e.g., posts, comments). We crawled a sample of blogger profiles (contributed 91% posts) from a popular community blogging platform "Blogster". Our results show that the male and aged (senior) bloggers, who face fewer constraints and have more opportunities in the community are more retained than others. Other bloggers pay a high degree of attention to these retained bloggers through implicit (reading posts) and explicit (writing comments) interactions. We have also found that a blogger has higher retention if her friends have also higher retention and a strong social tie reduces retention imbalance between two blogger friends. However, we found that a blogger's network age (e.g., how long ago she joined) has no effect on her retention.
Image re-ranking using graph based spanning structures and reciprocal nearest neighbors

In this paper we propose a novel method to improve the performance of image retrieval at VLAD (Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors) level. Our re-ranking algorithm uses relational graphs and the top-& neighborhood candidates to adaptively modify images similarity scores. The method is effective and increases the accuracy, without relying on low-level information or features geometrical verification.
Kinematics of Chiropteran Shoulder Girdle in Flight

New data on the mechanisms of movements of the shoulder girdle and humerus of bats are described; potential mobility is compared to the movements actually used in flight. The study was performed on the basis of morphological and functional analysis of anatomical specimens of 15 species, high speed and high definition filming of two species and X‐ray survey of Rousettus aegyptiacus flight. Our observations indicate that any excursions of the shoulder girdle in bats have relatively small input in the wing amplitude. Shoulder girdle movements resemble kinematics of a crank mechanism: clavicle plays the role of crank, and scapula—the role of connecting rod. Previously described osseous “locking mechanisms” in shoulder joint of advanced bats do not affect the movements, actually used in flight. The wing beats in bats are performed predominantly by movements of humerus relative to shoulder girdle, although these movements occupy the caudal‐most sector of available shoulder mobility. Anat Rec, 296:382–394, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction of the tick immune system with transmitted pathogens

Ticks are hematophagous arachnids transmitting a wide variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and protozoans to their vertebrate hosts. The tick vector competence has to be intimately linked to the ability of transmitted pathogens to evade tick defense mechanisms encountered on their route through the tick body comprising midgut, hemolymph, salivary glands or ovaries. Tick innate immunity is, like in other invertebrates, based on an orchestrated action of humoral and cellular immune responses. The direct antimicrobial defense in ticks is accomplished by a variety of small molecules such as defensins, lysozymes or by tick-specific antimicrobial compounds such as microplusin/hebraein or 5.3-kDa family proteins. Phagocytosis of the invading microbes by tick hemocytes is likely mediated by the primordial complement-like system composed of thioester-containing proteins, fibrinogen-related lectins and convertase-like factors. Moreover, an important role in survival of the ingested microbes seems to be played by host proteins and redox balance maintenance in the tick midgut. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the major components of tick immune system and focus on their interaction with the relevant tick-transmitted pathogens, represented by spirochetes (Borrelia), rickettsiae (Anaplasma), and protozoans (Babesia). Availability of the tick genomic database and feasibility of functional genomics based on RNA interference greatly contribute to the understanding of molecular and cellular interplay at the tick-pathogen interface and may provide new targets for blocking the transmission of tick pathogens.
Expectations of newly qualified nurses.

AIM This study offers an overview of the concerns and expectations of newly qualified staff at the beginning of their careers. METHOD A focus group was used to question nine newly qualified nurses about concerns and expectations in relation to their new role. The information obtained from the focus group was transcribed. RESULTS The themes highlighted were role acquisition, separation from student status, transition to staff nurse status and integration into the profession. Discussion in the focus group led to the recommendation of guidelines to help support the role. CONCLUSION Action is recommended to promote retention of this particular staff group.
Weakly supervised collective feature learning from curated media

The current state-of-the-art in feature learning relies on the supervised learning of large-scale datasets consisting of target content items and their respective category labels. However, constructing such large-scale fully-labeled datasets generally requires painstaking manual effort. One possible solution to this problem is to employ community contributed text tags as weak labels, however, the concepts underlying a single text tag strongly depends on the users. We instead present a new paradigm for learning discriminative features by making full use of the human curation process on social networking services (SNSs). During the process of content curation, SNS users collect content items manually from various sources and group them by context, all for their own benefit. Due to the nature of this process, we can assume that (1) content items in the same group share the same semantic concept and (2) groups sharing the same images might have related semantic concepts. Through these insights, we can define human curated groups as weak labels from which our proposed framework can learn discriminative features as a representation in the space of semantic concepts the users intended when creating the groups. We show that this feature learning can be formulated as a problem of link prediction for a bipartite graph whose nodes corresponds to content items and human curated groups, and propose a novel method for feature learning based on sparse coding or network fine-tuning.
“And the little brain said to the big brain…” Editorial: Distributed networks: new outlooks on cerebellar function

The purpose of this research topic is to showcase recent anatomical, physiological, and clinical studies revealing how the cerebellum is embedded within distributed neural networks recruited during both direct motor functions plus cognitive and other domains. The topic comprises a total of 15 articles that together span experimental, theoretical, methodological approaches, and reviews of the literature.
Reversible, Allosteric Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Regulator of G Protein Signaling Proteins

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are potent negative modulators of G protein signaling and have been proposed as potential targets for small-molecule inhibitor development. We report a high-throughput time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer screen to identify inhibitors of RGS4 and describe the first reversible small-molecule inhibitors of an RGS protein. Two closely related compounds, typified by CCG-63802 [((2E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-[9-methyl-2-(3-methylphenoxy)-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]prop-2-enenitrile)], inhibit the interaction between RGS4 and Gαo with an IC50 value in the low micromolar range. They show selectivity among RGS proteins with a potency order of RGS 4 > 19 = 16 > 8 ≫ 7. The compounds inhibit the GTPase accelerating protein activity of RGS4, and thermal stability studies demonstrate binding to the RGS but not to Gαo. On RGS4, they depend on an interaction with one or more cysteines in a pocket that has previously been identified as an allosteric site for RGS regulation by acidic phospholipids. Unlike previous small-molecule RGS inhibitors identified to date, these compounds retain substantial activity under reducing conditions and are fully reversible on the 10-min time scale. CCG-63802 and related analogs represent a useful step toward the development of chemical tools for the study of RGS physiology.
Megaloblastic Anaemia of Pregnancy and the Puerperium

Investigation of patients with megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy and the puerperium is handicapped by the urgency with which treatment must be carried out and by the tendency of the anaemia to remit spontaneously after delivery. Strauss and Castle (1933) suggested that this anaemia was due to a temporary reduction in the secretion of intrinsic factor, but the failure of parenteral liver extracts and vitamin B12 to bring about remission in most cases has made it clear that this cannot be the only explanation. Three cases have been described in which defective absorption of fat was discovered on subsequent admission to hospital (Davidson, 1948; Tuck and Whittaker, 1950; Thompson and Ungley, 1951), and Tuck and Whittaker (1950) have proposed that, in some instances at least, the underlying mechanism may be an occult idiopathic steatorrhoea, which is unmasked by pregnancy. In the present observations on nine patients, particular attention has been directed to the detection of abnormalities of gastric secretion and defects of the absorption of fat and labelled vitamin B12 from the intestine. We show that there was no evidence of reduction in the secretion of intrinsic factor or in the absorption of fat in these patients.
5-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Objective— The impact of leukotriene production by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in the pathophysiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has been debated. Moreover, a clear mechanism through which 5-LO influences AAA remains unclear. Approach and Results— Aneurysm formation was attenuated in 5-LO–/– mice, and in lethally irradiated wild-type mice reconstituted with 5-LO–/– bone marrow in an elastase perfusion model. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-LO–attenuated aneurysm formation in both aortic elastase perfused wild-type and angiotensin II–treated LDLr–/– (low-density lipoprotein receptor) mice, with resultant preservation of elastin and fewer 5-LO and MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase)-producing cells. Separately, analysis of wild-type mice 7 days after elastase perfusion showed that 5-LO inhibition was associated with reduced polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration to the aortic wall. Importantly, 5-LO inhibition initiated 3 days after elastase perfusion in wild-type mice arrested progression of small AAA. Human AAA and control aorta corroborated these elastin and 5-LO expression patterns. Conclusions— Inhibition of 5-LO by pharmacological or genetic approaches attenuates aneurysm formation and prevents fragmentation of the medial layer in 2 unique AAA models. Administration of 5-LO inhibitor in small AAA slows progression of AAA. Targeted interruption of the 5-LO pathway is a potential treatment strategy in AAA.
Phase-Insensitive Scattering of Terahertz Radiation

The nonlinear interaction between Near-Infrared (NIR) and Terahertz pulses is principally investigated as a means for the detection of radiation in the hardly accessible THz spectral region. Most studies have targeted second-order nonlinear processes, given their higher efficiencies, and only a limited number have addressed third-order nonlinear interactions, mainly investigating four-wave mixing in air for broadband THz detection. We have studied the nonlinear interaction between THz and NIR pulses in solid-state media (specifically diamond), and we show how the former can be frequency-shifted up to UV frequencies by the scattering from the nonlinear polarisation induced by the latter. Such UV emission differs from the well-known electric field-induced second harmonic (EFISH) one, as it is generated via a phase-insensitive scattering, rather than a sum- or difference-frequency four-wave-mixing process.