Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DE REAÇÕES PÓS-TRAUMÁTICAS EM BANCÁRIOS VÍTIMAS DE ATAQUES A BANCOS

This essay consists of three studies, two theoretic al and one empirical. The aim of this study was to investigate the manifestation of posttraumatic reactions in victims of bank attacks. The first article presented a theoretical discussion about Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) resulting from occupational acciden t, including diagnostic criteria and psychological, socioeconomic, and legal implication s f the disorder. The second paper is a theoretical review of the psychological conseq uences for victims who experienced a trauma, with suggestions on methods and tools for a ssessing post-traumatic reactions in adults. The empirical article was a descriptive stu dy, with ex-post facto design and aimed to investigate the manifestation of post-trau m tic reactions in bank employees who experienced bank attacks. It was found that mos t of bank employees had significant post-traumatic symptoms, with prevalenc e of hyperarousal symptoms, as well as significant levels of anxiety and depressio n. Overall, these outcomes point to the unsafeness that accompanies the routine of bank emp loyees, which plays a role in symptomatic manifestation, as well as cognitive pro cessing and coping strategies.
INTRAPARENTAL GAMETE COMPETITION PROVIDES A SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID STERILITY VIA MEIOTIC DRIVE

Abstract Hybrid sterility can have evolutionary significance and varies substantially by taxon, but few models attempt to predict or explain this variability. Hybrid sterility is commonly observed and develops early in isolation, at odds with straightforward models that predict it would develop slowly and rarely be seen. Meiotic drive might explain the rapid development of hybrid sterility, but drive is rarely observed, modifiers are expected to repress it, and no precise testable predictions are available. Here I develop population genetic models for the establishment of meiotic drive based on how it spreads by benefiting carrier gametes competing with noncarrier gametes from the same parent, or intraparental gamete competition. The resulting models predict that meiotic drive can often produce substantial hybrid sterility over time even in the presence of repressors, yet observable drive will be rare. They also make quantitative predictions of the degree of sterility based on observable parameters of reproductive ecology, including frequency of multiple mating, effective dispersal of offspring, and population size. Finally, they suggest explanations for the association of heterochromatin changes with speciation. Experimental evidence is discussed showing that drive alleles at least sometimes contribute to hybrid sterility.
EEG Abnormalities in Poikilothermia Suggesting Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

A 87-year-old woman was admitted with a rapidly progressive confusion, disorientation and myoclonus, all suggestive of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). This diagnosis was initially strongly supported by the EEG, which showed slow background activity and triphasic waves, combined with the finding of an increased level of 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Remarkably, this patient had also developed hypothermia, which, after warming-up, resulted in alleviation of the mental disturbances and disappearance of myoclonus. Over time, the EEG abnormalities disappeared. She recovered clinically for which reason the diagnosis of sCJD had to be rejected; however, she kept the inability to maintain body temperature (poikilothermia). Therefore, in patients with the aforementioned symptoms body temperature should be measured and adequately managed. Our hypothesis is that she suffered from a misleading acquired encephalopathy with reversible EEG and laboratory features, mimicking sCJD. When laboratory findings suggest sCJD it remains very important to see whether or not these findings are compatible with the clinical observations.
Spectroscopic Assessment of Alterations in Macromolecule and Small-Molecule Metabolites in Human Brain After Stroke

Background and Purpose— We sought to measure the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of lesion macromolecules and small molecules (lactate, N-acetyl compounds, creatine, and choline) in stroke patients by using short echo time in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. Methods— Single-voxel spectra with TE=22 ms were obtained with and without inversion recovery suppression of small-molecule resonances from 30 examinations of 24 patients 3 to 214 days after stroke. Subtraction of the suppressed from the unsuppressed spectra yielded metabolite spectra without overlap from macromolecules. Two-dimensional spectroscopic images were acquired with macromolecule and small-molecule suppression from 5 additional patients. Results— Macromolecule signals were elevated in lesions relative to normal brain and tended to increase in the subacute period, even as lactate peaks declined. Regions of increased lactate, increased macromolecule signal at 1.3 ppm, and decreased N-acetyl compounds were closely correlated in the 2D spectroscopic images. Conclusions— Short echo time spectra can be acquired in vivo in a manner that improves signal-to-noise ratio over long echo experiments and resolves overlapping macromolecule and small-molecule signals. The prominent macromolecule signals seen in the subacute period in association with persistently elevated lactate may represent mobile lipids in macrophages or other cells.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PERSONAL RF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE AND ACTUAL ABSORPTION FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC

In this paper, personal electromagnetic field exposure of the general public due to 12 different radiofrequency sources is characterized. Twenty-eight different realistic exposure scenarios based upon time, environment, activity, and location have been defined and a relevant number of measurements were performed with a personal exposure meter. Indoor exposure in office environments can be higher than outdoor exposure: 95th percentiles of field values due to WiFi ranged from 0.36 to 0.58 V m−1, and for DECT values of 0.33 V m−1 were measured. The downlink signals of GSM and DCS caused the highest outdoor exposures up to 0.52 V m−1. The highest total field exposure occurred for mobile scenarios (inside a train or bus) from uplink signals of GSM and DCS (e.g., mobile phones) due to changing environmental conditions, handovers, and higher required transmitted signals from mobile phones due to penetration through windows while moving. A method to relate the exposure to the actual whole-body absorption in the human body is proposed. An application is shown where the actual absorption in a human body model due to a GSM downlink signal is determined. Fiftieth, 95th, and 99th percentiles of the whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) due to this GSM signal of 0.58 &mgr;W kg−1, 2.08 &mgr;W kg−1, and 5.01 &mgr;W kg−1 are obtained for a 95th percentile of 0.26 V m−1. A practical usable function is proposed for the relation between the whole-body SAR and the electric fields. The methodology of this paper enables epidemiological studies to make an analysis in combination with both electric field and actual whole-body SAR values and to compare exposure with basic restrictions.
Is EPCR a multi-ligand receptor? Pros and cons

Summary In the last decade, the endothelial cell protein C/activated protein C receptor (EPCR) has received considerable attention. The role initially attributed to EPCR, i.e. the enhancement of protein C (PC) activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex on the surface of the large vessels, although important, did not go beyond the haemostasis scenario. However, the discovery of the cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic features of the activated PC (APC) and the required involvement of EPCR for APC to exert such actions did place the receptor in a privileged position in the crosstalk between coagulation and inflammation. The last five years have shown that PC/APC are not the only molecules able to interact with EPCR. Factor VII/VIIa (FVII/VIIa) and factor Xa (FXa), two other serine proteases that play a central role in haemostasis and are also involved in signalling processes influencing wound healing, tissue remodelling, inflammation or metastasis, have been reported to bind to EPCR. These observations have paved the way for an exploration of unsuspected new roles for the receptor. This review aims to offer a new image of EPCR in the light of its extended panel of ligands. A brief update of what is known about the APC-evoked EPCR-dependent cell signalling mechanisms is provided, but special care has been taken to assemble all the information available about the interaction of EPCR with FVII/VIIa and FXa.
How Much Injustice is There in the World? Two New Justice Indexes

This paper explores the possibility of constructing justice indexes—measures that would quantify the amount of perceived injustice in a society and thus enable comparison of the amount of injustice across societies and over time. I develop a framework, addressing six issues that arise in formulating a justice index, and present two (families of) justice indexes. The first, called JI1, distinguishes between two qualitatively different kinds of injustice—unjust underreward and unjust overreward; the second, called JI2, combines both underreward and overreward into a single type of injustice. The paper describes properties and relations of the two indexes and begins the task of assessing them by providing theoretical and empirical illustration. In the theoretical illustration, I use probability distributions to investigate, a priori, operation of the justice indexes in diverse societies and groups, which may differ in the kinds of goods and bads their members value and in the distributional patterns of those goods and bads. In the empirical illustration, I present estimates of the two justice indexes in a large 13–country microdata set, which provides information on respondents’ assessments about the justice of their own earnings in 1991–1992. An important property of one of the indexes is that it enables decomposition of the total amount of perceived injustice into injustice due to scarcity and injustice due to inequality.
Interplay of Psychological Momentum and Psychological Synergy inMarriage and Relationships

Human relationship is an inter-personal exchange of oneself, be it superficial or in-depth. Various dimensions of the human faculties are at play in this reciprocal act of relatedness. Much of these faculties are socio-psychological and bio-anthropological interactivities. In this article we identify two of the multi-faculties that are present in human relationships, such as psychological momentum and psychological synergy. The interpersonal “I-Thou” relationship, can be actualized in marital-relationship as it comes closers to embrace all the dimensions of relationship. Hereby the process of psychological momentum and psychological synergy in marriage and relationships is fascinating and challenging to comprehend.
The Edge Group Coloring Problem with Applications to Multicast Switching

This paper introduces a natural generalization of the classical edge coloring problem in graphs that provides a useful abstraction for two well-known problems in multicast switching. We show that the problem is NP-hard and evaluate the performance of several approximation algorithms, both analytically and experimentally. We find that for random $\chi$-colorable graphs, the number of colors used by the best algorithms falls within a small constant factor of $\chi$, where the constant factor is mainly a function of the ratio of the number of outputs to inputs. When this ratio is less than 10, the best algorithms produces solutions that use fewer than $2\chi$ colors. In addition, one of the algorithms studied finds high quality approximate solutions for any graph with high probability, where the probability of a low quality solution is a function only of the random choices made by the algorithm.
A REDETERMINATION OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT WITH THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE FROM A DIFFERENTIAL DISTANCE LADDER

This is the second of two papers reporting results from a program to determine the Hubble constant to ∼5% precision from a refurbished distance ladder based on extensive use of differential measurements. Here we report observations of 240 Cepheid variables obtained with the Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) Camera 2 through the F160W filter on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The Cepheids are distributed across six recent hosts of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the “maser galaxy” NGC 4258, allowing us to directly calibrate the peak luminosities of the SNe Ia from the precise, geometric distance measurements provided by the masers. New features of our measurement include the use of the same instrument for all Cepheid measurements across the distance ladder and homogeneity of the Cepheid periods and metallicities, thus necessitating only a differential measurement of Cepheid fluxes and reducing the largest systematic uncertainties in the determination of the fiducial SN Ia luminosity. In addition, the NICMOS measurements reduce the effects of differential extinction in the host galaxies by a factor of ∼5 over past optical data. Combined with a greatly expanded set of 240 SNe Ia at z < 0.1 which define their magnitude–redshift relation, we find H0 = 74.2 ± 3.6 km s−1 Mpc−1, a 4.8% uncertainty including both statistical and systematic errors. To independently test the maser calibration, we use 10 individual parallax measurements of Galactic Cepheids obtained with the HST fine guidance sensor and find similar results. We show that the factor of 2.2 improvement in the precision of H0 is a significant aid to the determination of the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy, w = P/(ρc2). Combined with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe five-year measurement of ΩMh2, we find w = −1.12 ± 0.12 independent of any information from high-redshift SNe Ia or baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). This result is also consistent with analyses based on the combination of high-redshift SNe Ia and BAO. The constraints on w(z) now including high-redshift SNe Ia and BAO are consistent with a cosmological constant and are improved by a factor of 3 due to the refinement in H0 alone. We show that future improvements in the measurement of H0 are likely and should further contribute to multi-technique studies of dark energy.
Exit, Resistance, Loyalty: Military Behavior during Unrest in Authoritarian Regimes

A few years into the most recent wave of popular uprisings—the Arab Spring—studying regime trajectories in countries such as Syria, Egypt, and Yemen still seems like shooting at a moving target. Yet what has not escaped notice is the central role military actors have played during these uprisings. We describe how soldiers have three options when ordered to suppress mass unrest. They may exit the regime by remaining in the barracks or going into exile, resist by fighting for the challenger or initiating a coup d’état, or remain loyal and use force to defend the regime. We argue that existing accounts of civil-military relations are ill equipped to explain the diverse patterns in exit, resistance, and loyalty during unrest because they often ignore the effects of military hierarchy. Disaggregating the military and parsing the interests and constraints of different agents in that apparatus is crucial for explaining military cohesion during such crises. Drawing on extensive fieldwork we apply our principal-agent framework to explain varying degrees and types of military cohesion in three Arab Spring cases: Bahrain, Yemen, and Syria. Studying military hierarchy elucidates decision-making within authoritarian regimes amid mass mobilization and allows us to better explain regime re-stabilization, civil war onset, or swift regime change in the wake of domestic unrest.
Direction Versus Proximity

Scale limitations, endogeneity problems, and observational equivalence in observational studies render many tests of the proximity and directional models inconclusive. Fortunately, the task of designing experimental tests has proven tractable and the small, but growing, body of experimental evidence sheds new light on directional and proximity motivated behavior. The experiment described in this article was designed to reexamine the role of ideology structuring candidate evaluations in the general population and test the models in two new policy areas: opinion about military spending and opinion about abortion. The results indicate that ideology and opinions about military spending stimulate proximity behavior whereas opinions about abortion stimulate directional behavior. It is also found that abortion-based evaluations are more strongly directional for those who oppose abortion—which is consistent with the notion of policy balancing. The article concludes by considering the possibility that some issues lend themselves to proximity comparisons whereas others lend themselves to directional comparisons and discussing the implications for democratic politics.
The optimum exposure decision for the enhanced image performance using a digital camera

Raw file records luminance value responding to each pixel of a digital camera sensor. In digital imaging, it has a characteristic that assigns the half of the whole levels for the first highlight stop and the half of the other for the second highlight stop, and etc., so that the darkest shadow stop is assigned the smallest level number of them. Therefore, when we exposure a digital camera, we should obtain the first highlight stop because it has the largest number of levels. In other words, controlling exposure to capture the first highlight stop is important in this kind of linear-distribution of raw file characteristic. Throughout the experiment, we verify the optimized exposure value and ISOs to maintain the first highlight stop which has the largest number of levels. In order to make it, we overexposure a scene with a raw file and convert it to underexposure in a raw file converting software. That is Exposure To The Right (ETTR) which can improve the image quality reproduction. Our research verifies the efficiency of ETTR with controlling the exposure range and ISOs. The result shows that the optimized exposure value is around + 1⅔ stop over compared to the normal exposure and simultaneously with the high ISOs. Throughout this practical research, we can provide the effective ETTR information to consumers and manufacturers. This method will contribute the optimum image performance to maximize dynamic range and to minimize noise in a digital imaging.
Changes in coagulation factor activity and content of di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate in frozen plasma units during refrigerated storage for up to five days after thawing

BACKGROUND: Thawed plasma is typically transfused to supply coagulation factors but factor activity declines during refrigerated storage. Refrigerating thawed plasma for longer than 24 hours could reduce plasma wastage and make plasma more readily available for emergency transfusions. We measured coagulation factor activity and di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) concentration in frozen plasma (FP) thawed and stored at 1 to 6°C for up to 5 days.
Increased Cortisol Levels in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease in Postmortem Cerebrospinal Fluid

The hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis is activated during aging and even more so in dementia. Increased levels of corticosteroids may be neurotoxic. Therefore we have investigated cortisol levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer patients and controls. Ventricular postmortem CSF was collected from clinically and neuropathologically well‐defined Alzheimer patients (n = 26) and control subjects (n = 21). In the group of Alzheimer patients the mean CSF total cortisol level was 83% higher than that in the controls. In presenile Alzheimer patients (< 65 years of age; n = 13) the CSF‐cortisol level was 5 times higher than that of presenile controls (n = 7). In contrast, senile Alzheimer patients (n = 13) and controls of over 65 years of age (n = 14) did not show a significant difference in CSF‐cortisol levels. The presence or absence of a difference in the cortisol‐CSF levels in, respectively, presenile or senile Alzheimer patients as compared to controls was due to the 3.5‐fold rise of CSF‐cortisol in control subjects over 65 years of age as compared with controls under 65 years of age. The CSF‐cortisol levels in presenile and senile Alzheimer patients were similar. No significant correlation was observed in the Alzheimer patients between age of onset of the dementia and CSF cortisol levels or duration of Alzheimer's disease and CSF cortisol levels.
Fine Thermotactic Discrimination between the Optimal and Slightly Cooler Temperatures via a TRPV Channel in Chordotonal Neurons

Animals select their optimal environmental temperature, even when faced with alternatives that differ only slightly. This behavior is critical as small differences in temperature of only several degrees can have a profound effect on the survival and rate of development of poikilothermic animals, such as the fruit fly. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila larvae choose their preferred temperature of 17.5°C over slightly cooler temperatures (14−16°C) through activation of chordotonal neurons. Mutations affecting a transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid channel, Inactive (Iav), which is expressed specifically in chordotonal neurons, eliminated the ability to choose 17.5°C over 14−16°C. The impairment in selecting 17.5°C resulted from absence of an avoidance response, which is normally mediated by an increase in turns at the lower temperatures. We conclude that the decision to select the preferred over slightly cooler temperatures requires iav and is achieved by activating chordotonal neurons, which in turn induces repulsive behaviors, due to an increase in high angle turns.
Radioembolization with yttrium‐90 glass microspheres in hepatocellular carcinoma: European experience on safety and long‐term survival

Radioembolization has been demonstrated to allow locoregional therapy of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma not eligible for transarterial chemoembolization or other local therapies. The aim of this study was to validate evidence of the safety and efficacy of this treatment in a European sample of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, 108 consecutive patients with advanced HCC and liver cirrhosis were included. Yttrium‐90 (Y‐90) microspheres were administered in a lobar fashion over the right or left branch of the hepatic artery. The response to treatment was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) imaging applying Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria with recent European Association for the Study of the Liver / National Cancer Institute (EASL/NCI) amendments. Time to progression (TTP) and overall survival were estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. In all, 159 treatment sessions were performed ranging between one to three treatments per patient. The mean radiation dose per treatment was 120 (±18) Gy. According to EASL criteria, complete responses were determined in 3% of patients, partial responses in 37%, stable disease 53%, and primary progression in 6% of patients. TTP was 10.0 months, whereas the median overall survival was 16.4 months. No lung or visceral toxicity was observed. The most frequently observed adverse events was a transient fatigue‐syndrome. Conclusion: Radioembolization with Y‐90 glass microspheres for patients with advanced HCC is a safe and effective treatment which can be utilized even in patients with compromised liver function. Because TTP and survival appear to be comparable to systemic therapy in selected patients with advanced HCC, randomized controlled trials in combination with systemic therapy are warranted. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;52:1741‐1749)