Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of Nanofluidics Device Using Fused Silica for Single Protein Molecule Detection

Fabrication of nanofluidic devices was carried out and the devices were characterized. These devices will be used to trap, manipulate and detect single protein molecules in nanometer size channels in a laser fluorescence spectroscopy process to investigate dynamical and photophysical behavior of single molecules. On the substrate of fused silica (SiO2) glass wafers, Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) was used to pattern nanochannels, and normal photolithography methods were used to fabricate microchannels to link nanochannels with the source molecular solution through syringes and tubing. The microchannels and nanochannels on a glass chip were sealed by a blank chip in a fusion bonding process to complete the chip level device. Un-bonded microchannels and nanochannels were characterized using SEM. Processing parameters including electron dose and etch conditions were elucidated for their impact on channel dimensions. Preliminary laser fluorescence results are also presented to demonstrate that unclogged channels were fabricated successfully in the nanofluidics devices.
1 Competition , Speculative Risks , and IT Security Outsourcing

Information security management is becoming a more critical and, simultaneously, a challenging function for many firms. Even though many security managers are skeptical about outsourcing of IT security, others have cited reasons that are used for outsourcing of traditional IT functions for why security outsourcing is likely to increase. In this paper, we offer a novel explanation, based on competitive externalities associated with IT security, for firms’ decisions to outsource IT security. We show that if competitive externalities are ignored, then a firm will outsource security if and only if the MSSP offers a quality (or a cost) advantage over in-house operations, which is consistent with the traditional explanation for security outsourcing. However, a higher quality is neither a prerequisite nor a guarantee for a firm to outsource security. The competitive risk environment and the nature of the security function outsourced, in addition to quality, determine firms’ outsourcing decisions. If the reward from the competitor’s breach is higher than the loss from own breach, then even if the likelihood of a breach is higher under the MSSP the expected benefit from the competitive demand externality may offset the loss from the higher likelihood of breaches, resulting in one or both firms outsourcing security. The incentive to outsource security monitoring is higher than that of infrastructure management because the MSSP can reduce the likelihood of breach on both firms and thus enhance the demand externality effect. The incentive to outsource security monitoring (infrastructure management) is higher (lower) if either the likelihood of breach on both firms is lower (higher) when security is outsourced or the benefit (relative to loss) from the externality is higher (lower). The benefit from the demand externality arising out of a security breach is higher when more of the customers that leave the breached firm switch to the non-breached firm.
Robust Parameter Design of Derivative Optimization Methods for Image Acquisition Using a Color Mixer

A tuning method was proposed for automatic lighting (auto-lighting) algorithms derived from the steepest descent and conjugate gradient methods. The auto-lighting algorithms maximize the image quality of the industrial machine vision by adjusting multiple-color light emitting diodes (LEDs), usually called color mixers. Searching for the driving condition for achieving maximum sharpness, which influences image quality, using multiple color LEDs, is time-consuming. Hence, the steepest descent and conjugate gradient methods were applied to reduce the searching time for achieving maximum image quality. The relationship between lighting and image quality is multi-dimensional, non-linear, and difficult to describe using mathematical equations. Hence the Taguchi method is actually the only method that can determine the parameters of auto-lighting algorithms. The Taguchi method was applied to an inspection system consisting of an industrial camera, coaxial lens, color mixer, image acquisition device, analog interface board, and semiconductor patterns for target objects. The algorithm parameters were determined using orthogonal arrays and the candidate parameters were selected by increasing the sharpness and decreasing the iterations of the algorithm, which were dependent on the searching time. After conducting retests using the selected parameters, the image quality was almost the same as that in the best-case parameters with a smaller number of iterations. The Taguchi method will be useful in reducing time-consuming tasks and the time required to set up the inspection process in manufacturing.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The dynamics of cannabis use and dependence

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Characterization of the ATP-dependent calcium efflux in dialyzed squid giant axons

The magnitude of the activating effect of ATP on the Ca efflux was explored at different [Ca++]i in squid axons previously exposed to cyanide seawater and internally dialyzed with a medium free of ATP and containing p-trifluoro methoxy carbonyl cyanide phenyl hydrazine. At the lowest [Ca++]i used (0.06 micron more than 95% of the Ca efflux depends on ATP. At high [Ca++]i (100 micron), 50-60% of the Ca efflux still depends on ATP. The apparant affinity constant for ATP was not significantly affected in the range of [Ca++]i from 0.06 to 1 micron. Axons dialyzed to reduce their internal magnesium failed to show the usual activation of the Ca efflux when the Tris or the sodium salt of ATP was used. Only in the presence of internal magnesium is ATP able to stimulate the Ca efflux. Nine naturally occurring high-energy phosphate compounds were ineffective in supporting calcium efflux. These compounds were: UTP, GTP, CTP, UDP, CDP, ADP, AMP, CAMP, and acetyl phosphate. The compounds 2' deoxy-ATP and the hydrolyzable analog alpha,beta-methylene ATP were able to activate the Ca efflux. The nonhydrolyzable analog beta,gamma-methylene ATP competes with ATP for the activating site, but is unable to activate the Ca efflux. The results are discussed in terms of the specificity of the nucleotide site responsible for the ATP-dependent Ca efflux.
Socio-Economic Impacts of Tourism Development in Rural Area of Sembalun East Lombok West Nusa Tenggara

Tourism development brings both positive and negative social, economic and environmental impacts, and so does the development of rural tourism in Sembalun. Tourism is considered to have a great potential to improve people's welfare. The Sustainable Livelihood Framework is an instrument used to analyse the socio-economic impact of tourism development on the livelihood of local communities in Sembalun. This research is a replication of previous research in 2010 in Borobudur. This research compares the results of the impact analysis of heritage tourism in Borobudur with rural tourism in Sembalun on community livelihood based on the Sustainable Livelihood Framework instrument, not based on its different tourism attractions. In Sembalun the agricultural and tourism sectors support each other. The tourism sector has also proven to bring positive socio-economic impacts to local communities, such as promoting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) products, increasing training and financial supports, job creation, cultural preservation, and pride and feeling of becoming part of the tourism development in their village. Tourism is also considered to have a positive impact in improving people's welfare. The most commonly complained negative impacts are waste as well as concerns that the local culture will be eroded by foreign culture brought by tourists.
Virtual Machine Storage Performance using SR-IOV by c

This paper presents research on the performance differences for various storage models on KVM virtual machines when using Single Root I/O Virtualization (SRIOV) versus using the traditional hypervisor assisted storage techniques such as virtio. SR-IOV presents physical hardware devices to the virtual machines and reduces the overhead of the hypervisor when making disk I/O operations while traditional virtualization techniques use software to provide access to shared hardware.
Total Ischaemic Burden European Trial (TIBET) Effects of ischaemia and treatment with atenoiol, nifedipine SR and their combination on outcome in patients with chronic stable angina on behalf of the TIBET study group

Objectives To study the relationship between presence or absence of ischaemic events on Holter monitoring and occurrence of a hard or hard + soft endpoint. Design A randomized double-blind parallel group study of atenoiol, nifedipine and their combination, with ambulatory monitoring off-treatment and after 6 weeks of randomized treatment and prospective follow-up of 2 years on average. Setting Europe. Subjects 682 men and women with a diagnosis of chronic stable angina and who were not being considered for surgery. Main outcome Hard endpoints nonfatal soft endpoints Results The study showed no evidence of an association between the presence, frequency or total duration of ischaemic events on Holter monitoring, either on or off treatment, and the main outcome measures. There was a non-significant trend to a lower rate of hard endpoints in the group receiving combination therapy. Compliance, as measured by withdrawal from trial medication, was clearly poorest in the nifedipine group with similar withdrawal rates in the atenoiol and combination therapy groups. Conclusion The recording of ischaemic events in 48 h Holter monitoring failed to predict hard or hard + soft endpoints in patients with chronic stable angina. (Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 104-112)
The Assessment of Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of PMMA Added Different Forms of Nano-Zro2

The choice of repair material in the acrylic resin fractures is an important issue for the clinicians [6]. The time necessary for the process, transverse strength of the repair and the dimensional accuracy of the repair material have a significant role in the choice of repair material [7]. Acrylic resins polymerized with light, heat, chemicals and microwave are used in the repair of the prostheses [8].
Visual Question Answering: A Tutorial

The task of visual question answering (VQA) is receiving increasing interest from researchers in both the computer vision and natural language processing fields. Tremendous advances have been seen in the field of computer vision due to the success of deep learning, in particular on low- and midlevel tasks, such as image segmentation or object recognition. These advances have fueled researchers' confidence for tackling more complex tasks that combine vision with language and high-level reasoning. VQA is a prime example of this trend. This article presents the ongoing work in the field and the current approaches to VQA based on deep learning. VQA constitutes a test for deep visual understanding and a benchmark for general artificial intelligence (AI). While the field of VQA has seen recent successes, it remains a largely unsolved task.
Path integral quantization of scalar fluctuations above a kink

We quantize scalar fluctuations in 1+1 dimensions above a classical background kink. The properties of the effective action for the corresponding classical field are studied with an exact functional method, alternative to exact Wilsonian renormalization, where the running parameter is a bare mass and the regulator of the quantum theory is fixed. We extend this approach, in an appendix, to a Yukawa interaction in higher dimensions.
Application of 64 Cu radiotracer for investigation of copper ore leaching

The copper industry is one of the most profi table branches of the Polish economy and the fastest growing industry. Currently KGHM Company (Polish multinational corporation) has become one of the leaders of global electrolytic copper and silver markets [1]. The company’s position is the result of good management, investment, and development of an integrated processing technology, in which the product from one stage of production constitutes as the substrate for the next. The technology commonly used in KGHM is based on pyrometallurgy [2]. Wastes after copper processing still contain signifi cant quantities of metals (Me) such as copper, iron, lead, vanadium, silver, and other valuable metals [3]. High costs of present ore processing and possibility for recovery of other metals induce the research for new technological solutions. Hydrometallurgy may meet requirements for more quantitative resources exploitation. Techniques of extractive metallurgy involve aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from the various raw materials such as ores, residual materials, and wastes. The main advantages of hydrometallurgical technology are high effi ciency, Studies on hydrometallurgical processes using nuclear techniques to be applied in copper industry. I. Application of Cu radiotracer for investigation of copper ore leaching Tomasz Smoliński, Marcin Rogowski, Marcin Brykała, Marta Pyszynska, Andrzej G. Chmielewski
Evaluation of pediatric cases presenting to the emergency department of our hospital because of trauma

Address for Correspondence: Fatma Mutlu Kukul Güven MD, Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty Head of Department of Emergency Medicine Sivas, Turkey E-mail: mutlukukul@gmail.com Received: 20.09. 2010 Accepted: 16.12. 2010 Summary Aim: Trauma is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pediatric cases presenting to the emergency department because of trauma in our region in company with the literature and present the results. Material and Method: Study data were obtained by retrospective screening of the files of pediatric cases presenting to our emergency department because of trauma between January 2006 and December 2007. The subjects were evaluated in terms of age, gender, time of presentation, type of trauma, type of injury, radiologic findings and hospitalization rates. Results: Files of 1293 children between 0 and 16 years of age could be accessed. 69% of these children were male and 31% were female. Most of the presentations occured in August. Falling down/crashing onto the flat surface was the leading cause among the causes of injury. In terms of time of presentation in the emergency department, non-vehicle traffic accidents were the fastest group. “Head region” was in the first line with a rate of 42% among regions exposed to injury. The rate of exposure to trauma was found to be the highest (43.8%) in the 2-6 years old age group. Conclusions: Injuries most frequently occur in the summer. Frequently seen causes of injury include falling down/crush onto the flat surface and non-vehicle traffic accidents. In this study, we aimed to draw attention to the problem of trauma in our country by emphasizing some properties of pediatric trauma cases who presented to an emergency department. (Turk Arch Ped 2011; 46: 156-60)
3 . 1 Step 1 : Developing Research Objectives

Augmented Reality has been widely used in various level of education such as higher-level education, secondary education (lower/upper secondary level), primary education, and in informal learning. However, the implementation in early childhood education is still limited. By using library research methodology, the objective of this paper is to investigate the existing work of augmented reality in early childhood education between 2009-2018. Based on the results, it shows that the publication of augmented reality in early childhood education increased slowly within these past ten years. It has been found that the main advantage of augmented reality is to enhance motivation. Early literacy has been found to be the most used topic with sampling less than 30 children. Finally, ‘Marker-based’ augmented reality has been widely used with mobile devices and in term of data collection methods, ‘Test’ has been used the most in this field of research.
Economic theory for memory management optimization

In this position paper, we examine how economic theory can be applied to memory management. We observe the correspondence between the economic notion of a consumer and an instance of a virtual machine running a single program in an isolated heap. Economic resource consumption corresponds to the virtual machine requesting and receiving increased amounts of heap memory from the underlying operating system. As more memory is allocated to a virtual machine's heap, there is additional benefit (cf. economic utility) from the extra resource. We also discuss production and cost functions, which might assist in efficient memory allocation between multiple virtual machines that are competing for a fixed amount of shared system memory.
Noise Analysis Problems and Techniques for RF Electronic Circuits and Optical Fiber Communication Systems

Various forms of linearized noise analysis techniques have been extensively used for analyzing the performance of electronic circuits in the presence of undesired disturbances since the early 70's. Practical numerical algorithms based on linearized perturbation formulations have been implemented in public domain and commercial electronic circuit simulators. In this paper, we describe the noise analysis problems in optical fiber communications and discuss their relationships to RF circuit noise analysis. In particular, we recognize that the noise analysis of electronic circuits with time-invariant (time-varying) large signal excitations corresponds to the analysis of noise propagation in optical fibers along with unmodulated (modulated) light carriers. We discuss how linearized perturbation formulations are used for noise analysis in both domains and draw analogies between them by providing a comparative review of the techniques that have been proposed in the literature.
AEI-2003-051 ITP-UU-03 / 32 SPIN-03 / 20 Kaluza-Klein supergravity on AdS 3 × S 3

We construct a Chern-Simons type gauged N = 8 supergravity in three spacetime dimensions with gauge group SO(4) × T∞ over the infinite dimensional coset space SO(8,∞)/ (SO(8) × SO(∞)), where T∞ is an infinite dimensional translation subgroup of SO(8,∞). This theory describes the effective interactions of the (infinitely many) supermultiplets contained in the two spin-1 Kaluza-Klein towers arising in the compactification of N = (2, 0) supergravity in six dimensions on AdS3 × S 3 with the massless supergravity multiplet. After the elimination of the gauge fields associated with T∞, one is left with an Yang Mills type gauged supergravity with gauge group SO(4), and in the vacuum the symmetry is broken to the (super-)isometry group of AdS3 × S 3, with infinitely many fields acquiring masses by a variant of the Brout-Englert-Higgs effect. nicolai@aei.mpg. de h.samtleben@phys.uu. nl
TENSOR: retrieval and analysis of heterogeneous online content for terrorist activity recognition

The proliferation of terrorist generated content online is a cause for concern as it goes together with the rise of radicalisation and violent extremism. Law enforcement agencies (LEAs) need powerful platforms to help stem the influence of such content. This article showcases the TENSOR project which focusses on the early detection of online terrorist activities, radicalisation and recruitment. Operating under the H2020 Secure Societies Challenge, TENSOR aims to develop a terrorism intelligence platform for increasing the ability of LEAs to identify, gather and analyse terrorism-related online content. The mechanisms to tackle this challenge by bringing together LEAs, industry, research, and legal experts are presented.
The Oil Price and the Impact of Geopolitical Events and the VIX-index

Abstract The spring of 2011 unrest grew in the Middle East and North Africa, and as a result we saw a surge in in oil prices. This essay conducts an evaluation on if these kinds of geopolitical events within the OPEC have affected the oil price in the past in the same way. As a contrary variable we have also assessed if the VIX-index is a good indicator of decreasing oil prices. We have used an approach where we compare Average Absolute Returns between periods of geopolitical events and the entire time period, and a linear regression study when looking at the affects of the VIX-index. We have selected a time period stretching from 1990:01.02 to 2009:12:31 and the data used is daily spot prices and quotes. Our results suggested that the geopolitical events do have a positive impact on the oil price, however this cannot be confirmed because of weak significance. The impact of the VIX-index cannot either be confirmed because of low significance and nor could sign of influence or correlation be found.
The Selfie Assemblage

As digital technology becomes increasingly powerful and portable, means of self-expression have fundamentally changed. To speak in this media milieu is to tweet, update a status, or post photographs to social networks. These forms of self-expression provide new means of communicating the self and articulating a sense of connection to others. The selfie, a form of self-portraiture typically created using smartphones or webcams and shared on social networks, has rapidly risen into the common visual vernacular and seems to accent a culture obsessed with itself. While labels of narcissism abound, the selfie also invites a different consideration about the complex nature of networked society. At the moment of capture, a selfie connects disparate modes of existence into one simple act. It features the corporeal self, understood in relation to the surrounding physical space, filtered through the digital device, and destined for social networks. Each of these elements appears in relation to the others, attracting competing logics and languages of belonging and expression into one quick photograph. In other words, the selfie exists at the intersection of multiple assemblages (DeLanda, 2006; Deleuze & Guattari, 1987; Wise, 2005) that draw complex and often contradictory subjectivities together. In this essay, I examine the selfie as a representational form within locative media that enunciates each of these inherent dimensions as it manifests within a constellation of assemblages. This positioning allows for critical examination of selfies as entanglements of subjectivities within a massively mediated and networked society.
The bats of Aldabra atoll , Seychelles

INTRODUCTION Four bat species are recorded from the Aldabra group of islands and all are recorded from Aldabra itself. Two species, Pteropus aldabrensis and Chaerephon pusilla, are endemic and are included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. General accounts can be found in HILL (1971), CHEKE & DAHL (1981) and RACEY & NICOLL (1984). This paper updates these earlier works, adding further records and further information that has become available. It is likely that additional information is lodged with the records of the Research Station on the island. No attempt has been made to obtain such