Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Context-Aware Computational Approach for Measuring Vocal Entrainment in Dyadic Conversations

Vocal entrainment is a social adaptation mechanism in human interaction, knowledge of which can offer useful insights to an individual’s cognitive-behavioral characteristics. We propose a context-aware approach for measuring vocal entrainment in dyadic conversations. We use conformers (a combination of convolutional network and transformer) for capturing both short-term and long-term conversational context to model entrainment patterns in interactions across different domains. Specifically we use cross-subject attention layers to learn intra- as well as interpersonal signals from dyadic conversations. We first validate the proposed method based on classification experiments to distinguish between real (consistent) and fake (inconsistent/shuffled) conversations. Experimental results on interactions involving individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) also show evidence of a statistically-significant association between the introduced entrainment measure and clinical scores relevant to symptoms, including across gender and age groups.
Multi-Task Learning Framework for Extracting Emotion Cause Span and Entailment in Conversations

Predicting emotions expressed in text is a well-studied problem in the NLP community. Recently there has been active research in extracting the cause of an emotion expressed in text. Most of the previous work has done causal emotion entailment in documents. In this work, we propose neural models to extract emotion cause span and entailment in conversations. For learning such models, we use RECCON dataset, which is annotated with cause spans at the utterance level. In particular, we propose MuTEC, an end-to-end Multi-Task learning framework for extracting emotions, emotion cause, and entailment in conversations. This is in contrast to existing baseline models that use ground truth emotions to extract the cause. MuTEC performs better than the baselines for most of the data folds provided in the dataset.
Multiscale Variance Reduction Methods Based on Multiple Control Variates for Kinetic Equations with Uncertainties

The development of efficient numerical methods for kinetic equations with stochastic parameters is a challenge due to the high dimensionality of the problem. Recently we introduced a multiscale control variate strategy which is capable to accelerate considerably the slow convergence of standard Monte Carlo methods for uncertainty quantification. Here we generalize this class of methods to the case of multiple control variates. We show that the additional degrees of freedom can be used to improve further the variance reduction properties of multiscale control variate methods.
Neural Architectural Backdoors

This paper asks the intriguing question: is it possible to exploit neural architecture search (NAS) as a new attack vector to launch previously improbable attacks? Speciﬁcally, we present E VAS , a new attack that leverages NAS to ﬁnd neural architectures with inherent backdoors and exploits such vulnerability using input-aware triggers. Compared with existing attacks, E VAS demonstrates many interesting properties: ( i ) it does not require polluting training data or perturbing model parameters; ( ii ) it is agnostic to downstream ﬁne-tuning or even re-training from scratch; ( iii ) it naturally evades defenses that rely on inspecting model parameters or training data. With extensive evaluation on benchmark datasets, we show that E VAS features high evasiveness, transferability, and robustness, thereby expanding the adversary’s design spectrum. We further characterize the mechanisms underlying E VAS , which are possibly explainable by architecture-level “shortcuts” that recognize trigger patterns. This work raises concerns about the current practice of NAS and points to potential directions to develop effective countermeasures.
Iwasawa Theory for Artin Representations, I

This article is the first of a pair of articles dealing with the Iwasawa theory of modular forms of weight 1 and, more generally, of Artin representations satisfying certain conditions. The main results in this part analyze the structure of certain Selmer groups for the Artin representation. In particular, it is shown that the Selmer groups are co-torsion as $\Lambda$-modules. For each Selmer group, we consider a generator of the characteristic ideal of its Pontrjagin dual. We call that the algebraic p-adic L-function. We also construct an analytic $p$-adic L-function via deformation to higher weights. Both of these $p$-adic L-functions should conjecturally have an interpolation property involving $p$-adic logarithms of global units analogous to Stark units. The proof of the interpolation property for the algebraic $p$-adic L-function will be given in Part 2 of this work.
Weak-strong uniqueness for measure-valued solutions of some compressible fluid models

We prove weak-strong uniqueness in the class of admissible measure-valued solutions for the isentropic Euler equations in any space dimension and for the Savage–Hutter model of granular flows in one and two space dimensions. For the latter system, we also show the complete dissipation of momentum in finite time, thus rigorously justifying an assumption that has been made in the engineering and numerical literature.
Set-partition tableaux and representations of diagram algebras

The partition algebra is an associative algebra with a basis of set-partition diagrams and multiplication given by diagram concatenation. It contains as subalgebras a large class of diagram algebras including the Brauer, planar partition, rook monoid, rook-Brauer, Temperley-Lieb, Motzkin, planar rook monoid, and symmetric group algebras. We give a construction of the irreducible modules of these algebras in two isomorphic ways: first, as the span of symmetric diagrams on which the algebra acts by conjugation twisted with an irreducible symmetric group representation and, second, on a basis indexed by set-partition tableaux such that diagrams in the algebra act combinatorially on tableaux. The first representation is analogous to the Gelfand model and the second is a generalization of Young's natural representation of the symmetric group on standard tableaux. The methods of this paper work uniformly for the partition algebra and its diagram subalgebras. As an application, we express the characters of each of these algebras as nonnegative integer combinations of symmetric group characters whose coefficients count fixed points under conjugation.
Guaranteed Bounds for General Approximate Dynamic Programming

In this paper, we will develop a systematic approach to deriving guaranteed bounds for approximate dynamic programming (ADP) schemes in optimal control problems. Our approach is inspired by our recent results on bounding the performance of greedy strategies in optimization of string-submodular functions over a finite horizon. The approach is to derive a string-submodular optimization problem, for which the optimal strategy is the optimal control solution and the greedy strategy is the ADP solution. Using this approach, we show that any ADP solution achieves a performance that is at least a factor of $\beta$ of the performance of the optimal control solution, which satisfies Bellman's optimality principle. The factor $\beta$ depends on the specific ADP scheme, as we will explicitly characterize. To illustrate the applicability of our bounding technique, we present examples of ADP schemes, including the popular rollout method.
On discrete Wigner transforms

In this work, we derive a discrete analog of the Wigner transform over the space $(\mathbb{C}^p)^{\otimes N}$ for any prime $p$ and any positive integer $N$. We show that the Wigner transform over this space can be constructed as the inverse Fourier transform of the standard Pauli matrices for $p=2$ or more generally of the Heisenberg-Weyl group elements for $p > 2$. We connect our work to a previous construction by Wootters of a discrete Wigner transform by showing that for all $p$, Wootters' construction corresponds to taking the inverse symplectic Fourier transform instead of the inverse Fourier transform. Finally, we discuss some implications of these results for the numerical simulation of many-body quantum spin systems.
Phosphorene oxides: Bandgap engineering of phosphorene by oxidation

We show that oxidation of phosphorene can lead to the formation of a new family of planar (two-dimensional) and tubular (one-dimensional) oxides and suboxides, most of them insulating. This confers to black phosphorus a native oxide that can be used as barrier material and protective layer. Furthermore, the bandgap of phosphorene oxides depends on the oxygen concentration, suggesting that controlled oxidation can be used as a means to engineer the bandgap. For the oxygen saturated composition, ${\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, both the planar and tubular phases have a large bandgap energy of about 8.5 eV and are transparent in the near UV. These two forms of phosphorene oxides are predicted to have the same formation enthalpy as ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, the most stable of the previously known forms of phosphorus pentoxide.
Mink predation in great crested grebe colonies: random robbery or a well-planned hunt?

Abstract. The study aimed to recognize whether the activity of a semi-aquatic invasive carnivore – the American mink Neovison vison – is related to the distribution of waterbird colonies. For this reason, we monitored mink occurrence in lake reedbeds and the fate of artificial nests imitating those of the great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus. The location of artificial nests in the grebe colony increased the probability of their survival compared to those placed outside the grebe colony. During the study, mink activity increased over time. In general, it was lower in colonies than outside of them, suggesting that the presence of natural nests does not increase the probability of mink occurrence in lake reedbeds. However, mink activity was negatively correlated with the distance from the lake shoreline and differed spatially according to the presence or absence of natural grebe nests. In grebe colonies, the probability of mink occurrence at greater distances from the lake shoreline was higher than outside, which can be explained by optimizing swimming effort while searching for prey. In conclusion, mink activity in colonies was lower than in areas with no waterbird nests, and nest location in a colony decreased predation risk by mink.
Probabilistic representation for mild solution of the Navier-Stokes equations

This paper is based on a formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations developed by Iyer and Constantin \cite{Cont} , where the velocity field of a viscous incompressible fluid is written as the expected value of a stochastic process. Our contribution is to establish this probabilistic representation formula for mild solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations on $\mathbb{R}^{d} $.
Fluctuation-induced slip of thermal boundary layers at a stable liquid–liquid interface

Abstract We report a systematic experimental study of the mean temperature profile $\theta (\delta z)$ and temperature variance profile $\eta (\delta z)$ across a stable and immiscible liquid–liquid (water–FC770) interface formed in two-layer turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection. The measured $\theta (\delta z)$ and $\eta (\delta z)$ as a function of distance $\delta z$ away from the interface for different Rayleigh numbers are found to have the scaling forms $\theta (\delta z/\lambda )$ and $\eta (\delta z/\lambda )$, respectively, with varying thermal boundary layer (BL) thickness $\lambda$. By a careful comparison with the simultaneously measured BL profiles near a solid conducting surface, we find that the measured $\theta (\delta z)$ and $\eta (\delta z)$ near the liquid interface can be well described by the BL equations for a solid wall, so long as a thermal slip length $\ell _T$ is introduced to account for the convective heat flux passing through the liquid interface. Direct numerical simulation results further confirm that the turbulent thermal diffusivity $\kappa _t$ near a stable liquid interface has a complete cubic form, $\kappa _t(\xi )/\kappa \sim (\xi +\xi _0)^3$, where $\kappa$ is the molecular thermal diffusivity of the convecting fluid, $\xi =\delta z/\lambda$ is the normalized distance away from the liquid interface and $\xi _0$ is the normalized slip length associated with $\ell _T$.
The effect of slip on the development of flow separation due to a bump in a channel

Abstract A numerical study on the effect of surface slip on the flow in a constricted channel is presented, with the aim of exploring the use of surface slip to control flow separation. Our focus is on two-dimensional flow in a channel over a bump, with a fixed aspect ratio, upon which a Robin-type slip boundary condition is imposed. When the channel walls are fully no-slip, such a flow is known to develop a region of separation behind the bump, at sufficiently large Reynolds numbers. The effect of slip on the separation bubble dynamics occurring behind the bump is investigated, for Reynolds numbers $2000$ and $4000$. It is shown that surface slip (i) attenuates the intensity of separation as it diminishes the minimum of the streamwise velocity within the recirculation region; (ii) delays the onset of flow separation, shifting it downstream, along the bump, and (iii) reduces the dimensions of the separation bubble behind the bump, allowing the flow to reattach sooner. Ultimately, slip inhibits separation, with both the points of separation and reattachment coalescing, for a slip length $\lambda$ of approximately $0.2$.
The application of imagery rescripting to intrusive autobiographical memories in depression

Abstract Intrusive autobiographical memories are a prominent feature of depression implicated in the onset and course of the disorder. Current cognitive behavioural treatment of depression does not specify techniques to address intrusive memories. Imagery rescripting has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of trauma-related intrusive memories. This paper illustrates the application of imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for two patients experiencing a current major depressive episode. The two cases are described in detail and follow-up data are reported. Both patients experienced clinically significant and reliable change in their depression scores and no longer met criteria for a current major depressive episode at post-assessment, with gains maintained at 3-month follow-up. Implications are discussed for the theoretical mechanisms of change of this intervention as well as methods to overcome common treatment obstacles that arise in depression. Key learning aims (1) To learn how intrusive autobiographical memories are implicated in the onset and maintenance of depression. (2) To learn the limitations that may present clinically when applying verbal-linguistic techniques such as cognitive restructuring to intrusive memories. (3) To learn when imagery rescripting may be required to treat intrusive memories and how to implement this technique to overcome traditional treatment obstacles in depression.
WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION OF THE VLT-UVES SPECTROGRAPH

We attempt to measure possible miscalibration of the wavelength scale of the VLT-UVES spectrograph. We take spectra of QSO HE0515-4414 through the UVES iodine cell which contains thousands of well-calibrated iodine lines and compare these lines to the wavelength scale from the standard thorium–argon pipeline calibration. Analyzing three exposures of this z = 1.71 QSO, we find two distinct types of calibration shifts needed to correct the Th/Ar wavelength scale. First, there is an overall average velocity shift of between 100 m s−1 and 500 m s−1 depending upon the exposure. Second, within a given exposure, we find intra-order velocity distortions of 100 m s−1 up to more than 200 m s−1. These calibration errors are similar to, but smaller than, those found earlier in the Keck HIRES spectrometer. We discuss the possible origins of these two types of miscalibration. We also explore the implications of these calibration errors on the systematic error in measurements of , the change in the fine-structure constant derived from measurement of the relative redshifts of absorption lines in QSO absorption systems. The overall average, exposure-dependent shifts should be less relevant for fine-structure work, but the intra-order shifts have the potential to affect these results. Using either our measured calibration offsets or a Gaussian model with sigma of around 90 m s−1, Monte Carlo mock experiments find errors in of between 1 × 10−6N−1/2sys and 3 × 10−6N−1/2sys, where Nsys is the number of systems used and the range is due to dependence on how many metallic absorption lines in each system are compared.
A solution to an Ambarzumyan problem on trees

We consider the Neumann Sturm-Liouville problem defined on trees such that the ratios of lengths of edges are not necessarily rational. It is shown that the potential function of the Sturm-Liouville operator must be zero if the spectrum is equal to that for zero potential. This extends previous results and gives an Ambarzumyan theorem for the Neumann Sturm-Liouville problem on trees. To prove this, we compute approximated eigenvalues for zero potential by using a generalized pigeon hole argument, and make use of recursive formulas for characteristic functions.
Interactions between language and inhibitory control: Evidence from a combined language switching and Stroop paradigm

Aims and objectives: This study assessed bilinguals’ language control (LC) and inhibitory control (IC) performance (switch costs and Stroop effects) simultaneously in the same participants to investigate how these processes influence each other. Design: Seventy-four Turkish-English bilinguals were presented with Turkish (L1) or English (L2) color words printed either in congruent or incongruent ink color and instructed to name the ink color of these words in the presentation language. Stimuli’s language and congruency were either the same as in the previous trial or different. Data and analysis: Reaction times (RTs), switch costs (mean RTs on language repetition subtracted from switch trials), and the Stroop effects (mean RTs on congruent subtracted from incongruent trials) were analyzed using the linear mixed-effect model. Findings: The switch costs were larger on incongruent than congruent, and the Stroop effects were larger on language switch than repetition trials. This means that the LC performance decreased while resolving conflict, and the IC performance decreased during switching language, indicating that these two share a common IC mechanism. However, the switch costs and Stroop effects across L1 and L2 were symmetrical in all conditions, leaving the previous interpretation uncertain. Besides, the Stroop effects were larger when followed by congruent than incongruent trials during language repetition, whereas they were equal during switching. This means that the ability to adjust performance by previous experience was disrupted during language switching. Moreover, for the high-L2 proficiency group, this ability was diminished in language repetition trials too. These results indicate that rather than inhibition, other processes may primarily mediate bilinguals’ LC. Originality: This study provides evidence for how language and inhibitory control influence each other by combining language switching and Stroop paradigms. Furthermore, it investigates the sequential congruency effects (SCE). Significance/implications: This study shows that SCE investigation may provide significant theoretical implications.
Density of states and Fisher's zeros in compact U(1) pure gauge theory

We present high-accuracy calculations of the density of states using multicanonical methods for lattice gauge theory with a compact gauge group U(1) on 4^4, 6^4 and 8^4 lattices. We show that the results are consistent with weak and strong coupling expansions. We present methods based on Chebyshev interpolations and Cauchy theorem to find the (Fisher's) zeros of the partition function in the complex beta=1/g^2 plane. The results are consistent with reweighting methods whenever the latter are accurate. We discuss the volume dependence of the imaginary part of the Fisher's zeros, the width and depth of the plaquette distribution at the value of beta where the two peaks have equal height. We discuss strategies to discriminate between first and second order transitions and explore them with data at larger volume but lower statistics. Higher statistics and even larger lattices are necessary to draw strong conclusions regarding the order of the transition.
Hopf maps and Wigner's little groups

We present the explicit formulas relating Hopf maps with Wigner's little groups. They, particularly, explain simple action of group on a fiber for the first and second Hopf fibrations, and present most simplified form for the third one. Corresponding invariant Lagrangians are presented, and their possible reductions are discussed.
The endpoint distribution of directed polymers

Probabilistic models of directed polymers in random environment have received considerable attention in recent years. Much of this attention has focused on integrable models. In this paper, we introduce some new computational tools that do not require integrability. We begin by defining a new kind of abstract limit object, called "partitioned subprobability measure", to describe the limits of endpoint distributions of directed polymers. Inspired by a recent work of Mukherjee and Varadhan on large deviations of the occupation measure of Brownian motion, we define a suitable topology on the space of partitioned subprobability measures and prove that this topology is compact. Then using a variant of the cavity method from the theory of spin glasses, we show that any limit law of a sequence of endpoint distributions must satisfy a fixed point equation on this abstract space, and that the limiting free energy of the model can be expressed as the solution of a variational problem over the set of fixed points. As a first application of the theory, we prove that in an environment with finite exponential moment, the endpoint distribution is asymptotically purely atomic if and only if the system is in the low temperature phase. The analogous result for a heavy-tailed environment was proved by Vargas in 2007. As a second application, we prove a subsequential version of the longstanding conjecture that in the low temperature phase, the endpoint distribution is asymptotically localized in a region of stochastically bounded diameter. All our results hold in arbitrary dimensions, and make no use of integrability.
Legendre Orthonormal Functions Based Model Predictive Control of DC Motor

Abstract The paper presents modelling and control of very common actuator, DC motor. The control of the DC motor was implemented with the Model predictive control (MPC) controller based on Legendre orthonormal functions. As PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller is simple and effective controller, mainly used in industrial applications, above mentioned MPC controller’s performance was compared to the PID controller performance. A criterion used is the fastest response with the maximum of 2% overshoots with step input and step disturbance treated.
Geometry of contact skew CR-warped product submanifolds of Sasakian manifolds

In this paper, we study warped products of contact skew-CR submanifolds, called contact skew CR-warped products. We establish a lower bound relationship between the squared norm of the second fundamental form and the warping function. The equality case of the inequality is investigated and some special cases of derived inequality are given. Furthermore, we provide non-trivial examples of such submanifolds.