Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Birmingham Extreme low-flow effects on riverine fauna

River flow regimes face increasing pressure from human activities including water resource management operations and climate change. Consequently, extreme hydrological events are becoming more severe and commonplace, and there is a pressing need to understand and manage their ecological effects. Extreme low flows (ELFs) — those displaying significantly greater magnitudes and durations than typical low-flow conditions — are being increasingly experienced globally. Fish and macroinvertebrate responses to ELFs have been more widely researched relative to other organism groups in riverine environments, although such studies have employed variable methodological techniques. In this perspective piece, we identify field-based assessments and controlled experiments as two key research paradigms used to examine riverine faunal responses to ELFs. Field-based assessments are often explorative and can benefit from utilising large-scale and long-term datasets. Alternatively, controlled experiments typically employ more hypothesis-driven approaches and can establish strong cause and effect linkages through high replication and control over potentially confounding parameters. Each paradigm clearly possesses their respective strengths, which we highlight and discuss how these could be better harnessed to optimise scientific advancements. To date, studies examining faunal responses to ELFs in these two research paradigms have largely been undertaken in parallel. Here, we argue that future research should seek to develop closer synergies to optimise the quality and quantity of evidence to better understand riverine faunal responses to ELFs. Such scientific advances are of paramount importance given the vulnerability of riverine fauna, and the ecosystems they comprise, to a new era of ELFs in many global regions.
Construction and Interpretation of Structural Map Using Seismic Reflection Times in Location of Prospective Hydrocarbon Trap

Geophysical investigation of the subsurface structure at Mapi, Niger Delta area was carried out by the construction and interpretation of structural maps using Seis mic reflection t imes. Surfer 8.0 software was used for the structural interpretation to prepare the contour map fro m seis mic reflection times, with a view to identify surface location of prospective geologic traps containing hydrocarbon. The acquired seismic reflection time data fro m Mapi field was computed into the surfer 8 software and the structural map was generated, showing all the contours. The map showed that the geological formation mapped is upfolded, downfolded, d ipped gently and tipped steeply in different areas. This indicates that the topography of the sedimentary bed is not of a particular type. Two anticlines were seen in two areas of the map (high contour closed) labeled A and B in red. These anticline structures are prospective traps to be test drilled. The study showed that anticline B is more p ros pective than anticline A because B is larger in size and deeper than A. The surface location of tops of the anticline A and B are indicated by red dots, the position coordinates are respectively A (424272, 205337) and B (427257, 203995). Also the study revealed a steeply dipping potion of the sedimentary bed shown by closely spaced group of contours decreasing toward the northern part of the map, this is also a target. This steeply dipping feature suggests an indication of position of tilted and faulted part of the format ion. To min imize drilling risk, exp loratory well could be located on anticline B first, to test the predicted stratigraphy of oil and gas accumulation.
Supplemental Data S 1 A J Domain Virulence Effector of Pseudomonas syringae Remodels Host Chloroplasts and Suppresses Defenses

HopI1 Causes Localized Cell Death in N. tabacum but Not in A. thaliana or N. benthamiana Stable constitutive expression of HopI1PmaES4326-HAMyc-His (JJ30) in several A. thaliana accessions (Col, No, and Zu-1) or transient expression of HopI1PmaES4326-HAMyc-His (JJ30) or HopI1PmaES4326-HA (JJ73, a dexinducible form) in N. benthamiana, lettuce, tomato, or bean did not result in macroscopic or microscopic cell death. However, transient expression of either epitopetagged version of HopI1 in N. tabacum induced localized cell death (Figure S3A). The same phenotypes were observed with different epitope-tagged orthologs of hopI1 from PtoDC3000 (pJJ43), PsyB728a (pJJ44), PsyCit7 (pJJ45), and Psy61 (pJJ46), indicating that all HopI1 variants functioned similarly as cell-death elicitors in tobacco. HopI1 with a deletion of the P/Q-rich repeat region (JJ196) and the HopI1-H387Q (JJ62), HopI1(HPD/ QAA) (JJ202) and HopI1DJ (JJ197) proteins with mutated J domains caused localized cell death when they were transiently expressed in N. tabacum (Figure S3A). This indicates that the cell-death phenotype is not linked to J domain function. HopI1 with a deletion of the first 29 amino acids (DN29HopI1, pJJ51) also induced cell death, as did the protein with the 29 N-terminal amino acids substituted with a 57 amino acid transit peptide from the pea Rubisco small subunit [S1] (TP-HopI1, JJ52). These HopI1 variants all accumulated in N. tabacum as well as in plant species that did not show HopI1-induced cell death (Figure S3B and data not shown). Similar to other plant cells undergoing programmed cell death [S2], N. tabacum cells expressing HopI1-HAMyc-His (pJJ30) had vacuolated, condensed cytoplasm and regions of condensed heterochromatin (Figure S3C). The HopI1-induced cell death may be associated with disease in light of the fact that HopI1 was a virulence factor during N. tabacum infection (Figure 1B).
On Contribution of Poloidal Branch of Solar Activity to Heliosphere and GCR Modulation

The point of view is substantiated that during periods of low sunspot activity many heliospheric characteristics (the solar wind velocity, the form of the heliospheric current sheet, the strength of the heliospheric magnetic field) can be considered as the manifestations in the heliosphere of the poloidal branch of solar activity. As these characteristics strongly influence the process of the GCR transport through the heliosphere the contribution of the poloidal branch of solar activity to the GCR solar modulation should also be substantial. This conclusion is at odds with the wide-spread belief that the modulated GCR intensity is mainly determined by the sunspot cycle.
TrackMate 7: Integrating state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms and tracking pipelines.

TrackMate is an automated tracking software used to analyze bioimages and is distributed as a Fiji plugin. Here we introduce a new version of TrackMate. TrackMate 7 is built to address the broad spectrum of modern challenges researchers face by integrating state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms into tracking pipelines. We illustrate qualitatively and quantitatively that these new capabilities function effectively across a wide range of bio-imaging experiments.
Severity of Computer Vision Syndrome in computer-using workers: assessment of the association with Healthy Lifestyle and Dry Eye condition

Emerging risks at work can be caused by new information and communication technologies, such as computer use, which can generate new alterations to the health of workers such as Computer Vision Syndrome, which can be determined by sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and dry eye condition. The objective of this work is to evaluate the association between Computer Visual Syndrome (CVS) severity with healthy lifestyle (EVS) and dry eye syndrome (OS) in workers computer users, through a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study with analytical intentionality in a sample of 300 workers of a public higher education institution in Colombia 2022. The results show significant levels of correlation in the total Computer Vision Syndrome severity scores with total Healthy Lifestyle and Dry Eye. A review notes that physical activity and stress management differ significantly across levels of Computer Vision Syndrome severity. Dry eye symptoms, conditions, and actions vary significantly between levels of Computer Vision Syndrome severity. The findings support the proposal of an occupational health surveillance system to generate a healthy work environment, strengthening the ability of workers to acquire healthy lifestyles through health-promoting behaviors and address problems such as dry eye and Computer Visual Syndrome. This research provides an empirical contribution to the actions of the occupational safety and health management system related to the promotion of visual and ocular health, in addition to contributing to an operational definition of a healthy lifestyle that encourages the management of behaviors that promote the safety and health of the worker with respect to the syndrome.
Drivers for eco-innovation: an exploratory study in Spain

: The authors study the determinants of the behaviour of protection of the innovations through green patents, as an approximation of eco-innovative profile in firms. To this end, a large sample of firms from three regions in Spain is analysed through a binomial logit model. The authors find that age, size and financial performance significantly affect the choice of having green patents as eco-innovative conduct in firms. They also find that the sector of activity and the legal structure of firms are related with the choice of having, or not having, green patents to protect the innovations. Implications are explored for policy makers promoting the green patents registration and for practitioners introducing environmental improvement in the innovation processes.
Closed-form Bayesian inference of graphical model structures by averaging over trees

: We consider the inference of the structure of an undirected graphical model in a Bayesian framework. To avoid convergence issues and highly demanding Monte Carlo sampling, we focus on exact inference. More specifically we aim at achieving the inference with closed-form posteriors, avoiding any sampling step. To this aim, we restrict the set of considered graphs to mixtures of spanning trees. We investigate under which conditions on the priors – on both tree structures and parameters – closed-form Bayesian inference can be achieved. Under these conditions, we derive a fast an exact algorithm to compute the posterior probability for an edge to belong to the tree model using an algebraic result called the Matrix-Tree theorem. We show that the assumption we have made does not prevent our approach to perform well on synthetic and ﬂow cytometry data. Résumé : Nous nous intéressons à l’inférence de la structure d’un modèle graphique non orienté dans une cadre bayésien. Pour éviter de recourir à des méthodes de Monte-Carlo coûteuses et aux problèmes de convergence associés, nous nous concentrons sur des méthodes exactes. Plus précisément, nous menons l’inférence au moyen de lois a posteriori explicites, évitant ainsi toute étape d’échantillonnage. Dans ce but, nous restreignons l’espace des graphes à des mélanges d’arbres recouvrants. Nous étudions sous quelles condition sur les lois a priori – à la fois sur les arbres et sur les paramètres – une inférence bayésienne exacte peut être menée. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons un algorithme exact et rapide permettant de calculer la probabilité a posteriori pour qu’une arête appartienne au graphe, en utilisant un résultat algébrique connu sous le nom de théorème Arbre-Matrice. Nous montrons que la restriction aux arbres n’empêche pas d’obtenir de bons résultats aussi bien sur des données simulées que sur des données issues de cytométrie de ﬂux.
The impact of forest disturbance on the fine root system of a tropical forest on Sulawesi, Indonesia

Selective logging and forest conversion into agroforestry systems are widespread at the margins of tropical moist forests in South-east Asia, typically creating gradients of forest disturbance intensity from the edge to the interior. These disturbances alter the structure of the forest ecosystem and consequently its carbon budget. To predict the impact of forest conversion in the tropics on the below ground carbon cycle, an improved understanding of the response of the fine root system to disturbance is needed. In a gradient study, we investigated the effect of increasing forest use intensity on fine root bio- and necromass, fine root growth and fine root morphology of a tropical moist forest in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Increasing intensity of forest use led to a significant decrease in fine root biomass and necromass. Even the extraction of only a limited number of small-diameter stems had a significant negative impact on the fine root biomass. Fine root production (growth in g m-2) showed a weak dependence on forest disturbance, whereas fine root growth activity (growth per fine root biomass) was distinctly higher in the more heavily disturbed stands. The higher growth activity of fine roots in the moderately and heavily disturbed forests resulted from differences in fine root morphology and fine root N content. This higher growth activity partly compensated for the decrease in fine root biomass with disturbance. Never the less, the amount of carbon annually added to the soil carbon stock through fine root litter production was highest in the undisturbed forest and decreased with increasing forest use intensity. We conclude that forest encroachment, that is widespread in large parts of South-east Asia s remaining rainforests, significantly reduces tree fine root biomass and associated carbon sequestration, even if it is conducted at moderate intensities only.
Nonlinear model predictive control of a buck converter with partially saturating inductor

In this work, a nonlinear model predictive control is proposed for a DC-DC boost converter, with a partially-saturating ferrite-core inductor. A nonlinear behavioral inductor model is exploited, identiﬁed through experimental measurements, which takes into account both magnetic saturation and losses. Simulation results show that the converter output voltage is correctly regulated by fulﬁlling the imposed current constraints. Comparisons with traditional control techniques are also presented.
Separating between unobserved consumer types: evidence from airlines

We propose an alternative approach to identify unobserved consumer types and assess whether firms price discriminate. Unlike other screening schemes that rely on quantity discounts or product differentiation, in our finite mixture structure individuals have unit demands and the product is homogeneous. We implement the model using an original U.S. airlines data set. The results support the existence of two demand types. The high type “business” traveler is less price sensitive, has a higher valuation and pays a higher price than the low type “tourist”. The proportion of high types also increases as the departure date nears.
Species composition and abundance of peat swamp fishes in selected areas of Selangor, Malaysia

A total of 22 species of freshwater fish representing 10 families were collected from peat swamp area of Kuala Langat and Sungai Dusun in Selangor. Five families, comprised of 16 species were found in Kuala Langat and 15 species belonging to 10 families in Sungai Dusun peat swamp areas. Osphronemidae was the dominant group of fishes at both areas. Higher species diversity was recorded at Sungai Dusun (H’ = 1.75) than Kuala Langat (H’ = 1.42) peat swamp. Independent t-test based on H’ values mean [t(18) = 2.764; p < 0.05] showed there are statistically difference in diversity index between areas. Species diversity was unaffected by monsoon season as precipitation occurred all year around. Dissolved oxygen is the only physical parameter measured that shows positive correlation with species diversity of fish at both areas.
OPTIMAL RETRACTION PROBLEM FOR PROPER K -BALL-CONTRACTIVE MAPPINGS IN C m [0 , 1]

In this paper for any ε > 0 we construct a new proper k -ball contractive retraction of the closed unit ball of the Banach space C m [0 , 1] onto its boundary with k < 1+ ε , so that the Wo´sko constant W γ ( C m [0 , 1]) is equal to 1.
Why Do Firms Train Apprentices? The Net Cost Puzzle Reconsidered

This paper investigates the short-term costs and benefits of apprenticeship training in Germany. It calls into question the popular stylised fact that apprenticeship training always leads to net costs during the apprenticeship period. We analyse the impact of the proportion of different occupational groups of apprentices on firm performance. We use representative matched employer–employee panel data that allow us to correct for different sources of estimation bias. We show that the proportion of apprentices in trade, commercial, craft and construction occupations has a direct positive impact on firm performance: the companies cover their training costs immediately. In contrast, companies with apprentices in the manufacturing occupations face net training costs during the apprenticeship period but gain by the long-term employment of its graduate apprentices.
New perspectives on quantitative textural analysis

Process mineralogy provides the mineralogical information required by geometallurgists to address the inherent variation of geological data. The successful benefitiation of ores mostly depends on the ability of mineral processing to be efficiently adapted to the ore characteristics, being liberation one of the most relevant mineralogical parameters. The liberation characteristics of ores are intimately related to mineral texture. Therefore, the characterization of liberation necessarily requieres the identification and quantification of those textural features with a major bearing on mineral liberation. From this point of view grain size, bonding between mineral grains and intergrowth types are considered as the most influential textural attributes. While the quantification of grain size is a usual output of automated current technologies, information about grain boundaries and intergrowth types is usually descriptive and difficult to quantify to be included in the geometallurgical model. Aiming at the systematic and quantitative analysis of the intergrowth type within mineral particles, a new methodology based on digital image analysis has been developed. In this work, the ability of this methodology to achieve a more complete characterization of liberation is explored by the analysis of chalcopyrite in the rougher concentrate of the Kansanshi copper-gold mine (Zambia). Results obtained show that the method provides valuable textural information to achieve a better understanding of mineral behaviour during concentration processes. The potential of this method is enhanced by the fact that it provides data unavailable by current technologies. This opens up new perspectives on the quantitative analysis of mineral processing performance based on textural attributes.
of Education

This article reports on findings of a small-scale study by a group of three teacher educators from the Bachelor of Teaching, Primary (BTP) at the Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT) in Hawke’s Bay in 2016. The project began as a replication of a previous study from 2014 in which mentor teachers (MTs) from EIT’s partner schools were interviewed about their experiences with transcripts analysed thematically. Analysis of the 2016 interviews generated four themes. Two of these, ‘relationship’ and ‘communication’, were identical to the previous study, suggesting MTs continue to value these aspects of partnership. The two other themes ‘commitment’ and ‘collaboration’, when compared with the themes of ‘investment’ and ‘interdependence’ from the earlier study, appeared to show a maturing and bedding in of the partnership. The project also expanded on the original design with a second level of analysis using positioning theory. Transcripts were analysed for linguistic markers related to positions, storylines, and speech acts, particularly the use of the word ‘we’. The positioning analysis found participants offered 24 different categorisations of MT role activity, with only seven of these mentioned more than three times, suggesting these MTs conceptualise the role as complex and open to interpretation. Each MT adopted a distinct stance in describing their approach to candidate teacher support, drawing on metaphors as they did so.
Shared and shared alike? Founders’ prior shared experience and performance of newly founded banks

Research summary: Pre-entry industry experience is a central construct in the founding team literature. Research on prior shared experience (PSE) emphasizes that founding teams face challenges integrating and acting on independent experiences, so PSE should be beneficial for new venture performance. Existing studies, however, typically study PSE in blunt terms, expecting that more is better. Instrumental variable analyses of a unique sample of 344 commercial banks founded in four U.S. states between 1996 and 2006 showed that industry-specific PSE may be more or less beneficial, depending on several founding team characteristics. Our findings provide nuance and caution to the narrative that PSE is always beneficial. Under some circumstances, firms with founding team PSE may be no better off than those without founding team PSE, suggesting more research is necessary to understand when and why founding team experience matters to new firms. Managerial summary: Pre-entry experience of founding teams affects new firm performance, but is hard for founders to leverage separately gained experience. Knowledge moves more readily if sets of managers leave together to start a new firm. But, it may be simplistic to conclude that prior shared experience (PSE) is always good, or better than the sum of independent experiences. In a set of banks founded in four U.S. states between 1996 and 2006, we find that PSE is not necessarily a direct pathway to better bank performance. Characteristics of the PSE, such as the part of industry the former and new banks operate in, can lower its benefit. We also found that the benefits of PSE erode as the entire founding team develops shared history after startup. Our findings have implications for entrepreneurs, investors, and policy-makers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF AN ATTENTION QUESTIONNAIRE

The principal objective of the study was the construction and evaluation of an attention questionnaire. A corollary of the study was to determine the common factors between the Attention Questionnaire (AQ) and the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI). The AQ and the LCI (1999) were applied jointly to a sample of 1577 first-year university students. To start with the AQ was subjected to a principal factor analysis. It yielded three factors which were identified as Concentration Ability, Arousal and Distractibility. Three scales were formed which yielded reliabilities of 0,886, 0,757 and 0,863 respectively.Multiple battery factor analysis was used to establish the common factor structure of the two instruments. Autonomy and Internal Control were strongly related to Concentration Ability.
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

This exploratory study aimed to examine online communications between contact reality and non-contact fantasy child sex offenders (CSO). This research wanted to ascertain whether it was possible to differentiate between these offenders based on the content of their online communications, something which has not previously been examined. The sample consisted of 5 contact reality and 7 non-contact fantasy offenders, all convicted of a Child Sex Offence. Content analysis revealed 26 themes. Results showed that non-contact fantasy offenders discussed Adult sexual relationships significantly more than contact reality offenders. All other comparisons were non-significant. The themes were grouped into 5 higher order themes. The average largest proportion of the online communication related to Child sexual interest (34%) followed by Rapport (28%). There were no significant differences between the two types of offenders in relation to these 5 higher order themes. Explanations for the findings are discussed with implications for police investigations.