Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Quantized Channel Norm Feedback Through Conditional Statistics in Arbitrarily Correlated MIMO Systems

In the design of narrowband multi-antenna systems, a limiting factor is the amount of channel state information (CSI) available at the transmitter. This is especially evident in multi-user systems, where the spatial user separability determines the multiplexing gain, but it is also important for transmission-rate adaptation in single-user systems. To limit the feedback load, the unknown and multi-dimensional channel needs to be represented by a limited number of bits. When combined with long-term channel statistics, the norm of the channel matrix has been shown to provide substantial CSI that permits efficient user selection, linear precoder design, and rate adaptation. Herein, we consider quantized feedback of the squared Frobenius norm in a Rayleigh fading environment with arbitrary spatial correlation. The conditional channel statistics are characterized and their moments are derived for both identical, distinct, and sets of repeated eigenvalues. These results are applied for minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation of signal and interference powers in single- and multi-user systems, for the purpose of reliable rate adaptation and resource allocation. The problem of efficient feedback quantization is discussed and an entropy-maximizing framework is developed where the post-user-selection distribution can be taken into account in the design of the quantization levels. The analytic results of this paper are directly applicable in many widely used communication techniques, such as space-time block codes, linear precoding, space division multiple access (SDMA), and scheduling.
A Tri-Pool Dynamic Wear-Leveling Algorithm for Large Scale Flash Memory Storage Systems

Because of the extra ordinary development in electronics technology, flash memories arise as a suitable data storage option for embedded systems. Due to the hardware restrictions and efficiency issues, series of researches has been conducted and are in progress to provide better performance for these devises. One of the popular research areas on flash memories is the state-of-art wear-leveling technique, which is used to distribute erase operations throughout blocks of flash memories, in order to avoid wearing of some blocks earlier than others. In this paper, we have proposed a tri-pool dynamic wear leveling algorithm which uses the method of neutralizing hot and cold blocks. The proposed algorithm mainly focuses on keeping erase counts of blocks as near as possible to the average erase count of the whole blocks; this will insure that no single block will have erase count much larger or lesser than the average. We also analytically prove that the newly proposed technique outperforms previous ones.
Electron transport through molecules: Gate-induced polarization and potential shift

Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0305(Dated: February 2, 2008)We analyze the eﬀect of a gate on the conductance of molecules by separately evaluating the gate-induced polarization and the potential shift of the molecule relative to the leads. The calculations useab initio density functional theory combined with a Green function method for electron transport.For a general view, we study several systems: (1) atomic chains of C or Al sandwiched between Alelectrodes, (2) a benzene molecule between Au leads, and (3) (9,0) and (5,5) carbon nanotubes. Weﬁnd that the polarization eﬀect is small because of screening, while the eﬀect of the potential shiftis signiﬁcant, providing a mechanism for single-molecule transistors.
The Incremental Added Value of Including the Head in 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging for Cancer Patients

Purpose: To assess the value of extending the routinely used base-of-skull (BOS) to upper-thigh field of view (FOV) to include the head on 18F-FDG PET/CT in cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1000 consecutive top-of-head to foot PET/CT studies. Abnormalities above BOS were categorized as unsuspected or known and were correlated with pathology, MRI/CT, and clinical follow-up. Results: Of the 1000 patients, 102 (10.2%) had potentially significant findings above BOS. Of these, 70/102 (69%) were known and 32/102 (31%) were unsuspected. Of the patients with unsuspected findings, follow-up data was unavailable in 7/32 (22%) and abnormalities were confirmed in 25/32 (78%). Of the 25 confirmed unsuspected findings, 4/25 (16%) were false positives and 21/25 (84%) were true positives. Of these, 13/21 (62%) were confirmed metastatic, and 8/21 (38%) were benign. Unsuspected finding of brain metastasis changed the management in 11/13 (85%) and staging in 4/13 (31%). Conclusion: Including the head in PET/CT FOV incidentally detected clinically significant findings in 2.1% (21/1000) of patients. The detection of previously unsuspected metastasis had significant impact on patient management and provided more accurate staging.
Anharmonic processes of scattering and absorption of slow quasi-transverse modes in cubic crystals with positive and negative anisotropies of second-order elastic moduli

The quasi-transverse ultrasound absorption during anharmonic processes of the scattering in cubic crystals with positive (Ge, Si, diamond and InSb) and negative (KCl and NaCl) anisotropies of the second-order elastic moduli is studied. Mechanisms underlying the relaxation of the slow quasi-transverse mode by two slow (the SSS mechanism) or two fast (the SFF) modes are discussed in the long-wavelength approximation. Angular dependences of the ultrasound absorption for the SSS, SFF and Landau–Rumer relaxation mechanisms are analyzed in terms of the anisotropic continuum model. The full absorption of the slow quasi-transverse mode is determined. It is shown that the SSS and SFF relaxation mechanisms are due to the cubic anisotropy of the crystals, leading to the interaction between noncollinear phonons. Two most important cases—the wavevectors of phonons are in the cube face plane or the diagonal planes—are considered. In crystals with a considerable anisotropy of the elastic energy (Ge, Si, InSb, KCl and NaCl) the total contribution of the SSS and SFF relaxation mechanisms to the full absorption is either several times or one to two orders of magnitude larger than the contribution from the Landau–Rumer mechanism depending on the direction. Much of the dominance of the former relaxation mechanisms over the Landau–Rumer mechanism is explained by second-order elastic moduli.
Is Schooling a Risk? Gender, Power Relations, and School Culture in Uganda

This article relates a study of AIDS education in Uganda which used an ethnography of school culture to explore the contradictions in curriculum intervention. The school was found to be a site of an extensive set of gendered practices which constituted a risk in themselves in terms of sexual health. Four forms of control are examined in this article: hegemonic masculinity, gendered discipline patterns, sexual harassment and 'compulsory' heterosexuality. Male domination and power imbalances in the school encouraged attitudes and practices with regard to sexual relationships which negated the official messages of the AIDS curriculum.
[Multiple factors related with intracranial hemorrhage of dural arteriovenous fistula: clinical analysis].

OBJECTIVE To discuss the relevant predicative factors of dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) in intracranial hemorrhage. METHODS A total of 144 consecutive patients with dAVFs were recruited for a retrospective analysis from 1996 to 2006. The relevant factors of gender, age, fistula flow rate, arterial supply, lesion and venous drainage pattern were analyzed to evaluate the outcome of intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that gender, lesion and venous drainage pattern were statistical significant for intracranial hemorrhage of DAVF (P < 0.05). However, only venous drainage pattern was significant in the predication of intracranial hemorrhage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Only venous drainage pattern is significant in the predication of dural arteriovenous fistulas in intracranial hemorrhage. Both gender and lesion may be confounding factors.
M5, a phosphoinositol‐linked human myelomonocytic activation‐associated antigen

When investigating the previously described monoclonal antibody (MoAb) VIM‐5, raised against THP1 cells and binding to human monocytes and granulocytes, we found that the antigen detected by this antibody, designated M5, becomes very strongly expressed on monocytes after overnight culture with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not with recombinant human interferon‐gamma (rhIFN‐γ). Granulocytes stimulated with formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalinine (FMLP) become negative for binding VIM‐5. Immature granulocytes from bone marrow do not express M5, thus its expression on granulocytes is differentiation linked. The antigen bound by VIM‐S is sensitive to hydrolysis by phosphoinositol‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC). The immunoprecipitated MS antigen on monocytes is a broad band, with a peak of 50 kD (unreduced) and two bands of S3 kD and 44 kD (reduced). We have therefore detected an antigen that is up‐regulated on stimulated monocytes but, conversely, down‐regulated on FMLP‐stimulated granulocytes.
Applying Roberts framework

â€ ̃¿ mongoloid', which fell into disfavour in the context of the previous designationof Down's syndromeas â€ ̃¿ mongolian idiocy'). I will thereforerefer in this letter to black people. Wehaveno difficulty with thedesignationof black peoplewho arenationals of WestAfrican countries. It is also easyto seethat black people of West African extraction who are nationals of the Caribbean islands are Afro-Caribbeans, African-Caribbeans or, assomeprefer to call them,WestIndians (though this latter designation is less precise insofar as it necessarilyincludesCaribbeanpeopleof other racial backgrounds, including the indigenous peoples of those islands, such as the Caribs). How then do we designate black people, of West African or African Caribbean parentage,who are born in the United Kingdom and carry UK passports? It is clearly incorrect to refer to them as West Africans on the one hand, or as West Indians or African-Caribbeans on the other, any cultural identification with people of these backgrounds notwithstanding. I think that the findings of our researchwould beon firmer ground if we recognised that there are three distinct subgroups of West Africans and peopleof WestAfrican extraction: the West Africans themselves,the African-Caribbeans (or West Indians) and the Afro-Britons or African Britons, this last group being black peoplewho are UK nationals. The tendencyto lump all African-Caribbeans and African-Britons into one large group as â€ ̃¿ West Indians' muddiesthe watersin our research,and we should aim for greater clarity in the use of these terms.
Improving Judgments About Teaching Effectiveness Using Teacher Rating Forms

This chapter critically examines five issues surrounding the use of student evaluations of teaching for summative decisions: current practices, validity concerns, improving the reporting of results, improving the decision-making process, and incorporating validity estimates into the decision-making process. The author proposes that we can improve judgments by improving the precision of our measures.
The Beneficial Effects of Anticipating Anxiety-Related Symptoms: An Investigation of Paradoxical-Success Imagery in the Laboratory

This study investigated the efficacy of a paradoxical imagery strategy that consisted of participants imaging themselves experiencing symptoms characteristic of competitive anxiety, prior to executing a golf-chip shot. Forty male golfers of moderate skill level participated in a two-day experiment conducted in the laboratory. Wegner's (1994) theory of ironic processes of mental control served as the theoretical framework. In addition to the paradoxical component, the imagery technique (paradoxical-success imagery) of interest included additional substantiated components: cognitive specific (i.e., skill), motivational general-mastery (i.e., confidence/focus), kinesthetic, and positive-outcome imagery (Martin et al., 1999). Participants employing the paradoxical imagery strategy showed significant performance improvement in both competitive and pressure situations compared to pre-treatment levels. The findings suggest that paradoxical-success imagery can potentially facilitate performance, when combined with appropriate imagery components and training. Practical implications, potential drawbacks, and suggestions for future research with paradoxical imagery are discussed.
Impact of Critical Care Telemedicine Consultations on Children in Rural Emergency Departments*

Objectives:To compare the quality of care delivered to critically ill and injured children receiving telemedicine, telephone, or no consultation in rural emergency departments. Design:Retrospective chart review with concurrent surveys. Setting and Participants:Three hundred twenty patients presenting in the highest triage category to five rural emergency departments with access to pediatric critical care consultations from an academic children’s hospital. Measurements and Main Results:Quality of care was independently rated by two pediatric emergency medicine physicians applying a previously validated 7-point implicit quality review tool to the medical records. Quality was compared using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, severity of illness, and temporal trend. Referring physicians were surveyed to evaluate consultation-related changes in their care. Parents were also surveyed to evaluate their satisfaction and perceived quality of care. In the multivariable analysis, with the no-consultation cohort as the reference, overall quality was highest among patients who received telemedicine consultations (n = 58; &bgr; = 0.50 [95% CI, 0.17–0.84]), intermediate among patients receiving telephone consultation (n = 63; &bgr; = 0.12 [95% CI, −0.14 to 0.39]), and lowest among patients receiving no consultation (n = 199). Referring emergency department physicians reported changing their diagnosis (47.8% vs 13.3%; p < 0.01) and therapeutic interventions (55.2% vs 7.1%; p < 0.01) more frequently when consultations were provided using telemedicine than telephone. Parent satisfaction and perceived quality were significantly higher when telemedicine was used, compared with telephone, for six of the seven measures. Conclusions:Physician-rated quality of care was higher for patients who received consultations with telemedicine than for patients who received either telephone or no consultation. Telemedicine consultations were associated with more frequent changes in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and higher parent satisfaction, than telephone consultations.
A case-study of one teacher's use of an interactive whiteboard system to support knowledge co-construction in the history classroom

Interactive whiteboards (IWBs) have rapidly become an integral feature of many classrooms across the UK and elsewhere, but debate continues regarding the pedagogical implications of their use. This article reports on an in-depth case-study from the wider T-MEDIA project (Teacher Mediation of Subject Learning with ICT: a Multimedia Approach). A key aim of the study was to draw upon sociocultural perspectives to develop a shared, grounded theoretical account of the processes through which teachers mediate subject learning incorporating use of the IWB and other resources. A series of six history lessons with a class of pupils aged 12–13 was videoed and analysed collaboratively by a university research team, the teacher, one of his colleagues and an academic subject specialist. We identify an emerging emphasis upon interdependent learning relationships in the classroom and illustrate how this particular teacher harnessed IWB technology to support a dialogic approach to knowledge construction in history. Strategies included communicating and developing complex ideas and modelling historical thinking processes through use of multiple digital resources; collaborative annotation of images and texts; spotlighting and reveal tools for focusing; and ‘drag and drop’ for classification activities. Revisiting annotated slides served to draw on shared experience.
Self-referential verification for gate-level implementations of arithmetic circuits

Verification of gate-level implementations of arithmetic circuits is challenging for a number of reasons: the existence of some hard-to-verify arithmetic operators, the use of different operand ordering, the incorporation of merged arithmetic with cross-operator implementations, and the employment of circuit transformations based on arithmetic relations. It is hence a peculiar problem that does not fit well within the existing register-transfer-level-to-gate equivalence-checking methodology. We propose a self-referential functional verification approach which uses the gate-level implementation of the arithmetic circuit under verification to verify itself. The verification task is decomposed into a sequence of equivalence-checking subproblems, each of which compares structurally similar circuit pairs derived from the implementation under verification. These equivalence-checking subproblems represent the functional equations that uniquely define the intended arithmetic function. Based on these self-referential functional equations, a decomposition heuristic using structural information is employed to guide the verification process for better efficiency. Experimental results on a number of implementations of the multipliers, the multiply-add units, and the inner product units with different architectures demonstrate the versatility of this approach.
Controlling reactive aggression through cognitive evaluation of proactive aggression cues

The authors investigated how the relationship between the acts of proactive and reactive aggression was moderated by the individual differences in cognitive regulation of emotion. An aggression paradigm, a electrocardiogram recording, a cognitive assessment battery, and a short form IQ test were completed by 109 children, aged 8 to 13 years (Juujärvi, Kaartinen, Laitinen, Vanninen, & Pulkkinen, 2006; Juujärvi, Kooistra, Kaartinen, & Pulkkinen, 2001; Lehto, Juujärvi, Kooistra, & Pulkkinen, 2003). The less the children subdued the intensity of their defence to the attacks in the aggression paradigm, the poorer they performed in the cognitive assessment battery tasks measuring Working memory capacity and in the task assessing crystallised intelligence. The mean cardiovascular reactivity during the aggression paradigm was neither associated with the performances in either the cognitive assessment battery nor the intelligence tasks. Both information processing and knowledge dimensions of cognition contributed to regulation of emotion, but the respective effects of the processes cannot be inferred from the mean cardiovascular reactivity.
Combined therapy with deferiprone and desferrioxamine

In a proportion of transfusion‐dependent patients iron chelation with daily doses of deferiprone of 75 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) is inadequate. The effects on iron status of increasing the daily oral dose of deferiprone and/or combining deferiprone therapy with subcutaneous infusions of desferrioxamine have been studied in 13 transfusion‐dependent patients. Raising the daily dose of deferiprone in nine patients from 75 mg/kg to 83–100 mg/kg resulted in a fall in serum ferritin in all nine patients (t test for paired samples, P = 0.0022). Combined therapy of daily deferiprone with subcutaneous desferrioxamine on 2–6 d each week in five patients (with an increased dose of deferiprone in three patients) resulted in a fall in serum ferritin in all five patients studied after 7–15 months (P = 0.0791). No toxic side‐effects attributable to either drug occurred in these five patients or in the nine patients in whom the dose of deferiprone was increased. The effects of the drugs given on the same day on urine iron excretion were additive. These results suggest that increasing the dose of deferiprone or combining subcutaneous desferrioxamine with deferiprone therapy are two methods by which efficacy of iron chelation with deferiprone can be improved in patients inadequately chelated by a daily dose of deferiprone of 75 mg/kg b.w. More extensive trials including full metabolic balance studies are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of long‐term combined therapy.
In vitro neoplastic transformation of uveal and retinal tissue by oncogenic DNA viruses.

I Explant cultures of adult hamster retina, choroid, and iris were infected with four oncogenic DNA viruses: (1) simian virus 40 (SV40); (2) the LLE46 strain of adenovirus 7; (3) polyoma virus; and (4) human adenovirus 12. Most cultures underwent transformation as evidenced by sustained rapid growth, development of an acid pH soon after instillation of fresh media, and formation of multiple layers of cells and clumps. After several in vitro passages, transformed cells injected subcutaneouslu into irradiated adult hamsters produced tumors at the injection sites. All ocular tissue transformed ivith SV40 and produced neoplasms composed of epiihelioid and spindle-shaped cells with large nuclei; however, no pigmented tumors were observed. Choroid and iris transformed ivith LLE46 produced tumors histologically similar to the SV40type growths. Retina infected with LLE46 produced tumors which were bimorphic, containing, in addition to the SV40-l:ke component, areas of small hyperchrornatic cells resembling an adenovirus-induced tumor. Polyoma virus transformed only retina, producing tumors with elongated cells with hyperchromatic pleomorphic nuclei and small amounts of basophilic cytoplasm. Adenovirus 12 also transformed only retina and gave rise to typical adenovirus-type neoplasms composed of layers of small, darkly staining cells. Although these tumors had some resemblance to retinoblastomas, no rosettes or neural elements could be identified.
Modelling complex conflicts: formalism or expertise?

The use of game theory to study international conflict has seen peaks and troughs of enthusiasm, high hopes alternating with disillusionment. A revival in recent years is evidenced by the wide interest aroused by non-technical, accessible applications—notably Axelrod’s work on cooperation. Meanwhile, the increasing use of computers to analyze many types of decision lends credence to the notion that with this new-found analytical power, one can move beyond the simplified models previously on offer. Indeed, several pieces of game-based software are now commercially available. The enthusiastic might claim that we stand on the threshold of an age in which no important decision involving conflict should be made without the backing of powerful, on-line analysis. The even more enthusiastic (of whom more below) are prone to claim that the threshold has already been crossed. However, there remain those for whom such claims cut very little ice, and there Is little consensus amongst theorists as to what sort of practical help can be offered to decision-makers.