Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network-layer protection schemes against stealth attacks on state estimators in power systems

The power system state estimator is an important application used to calculate optimal power flows, to maintain the system in a secure state, and to detect faulty equipment. Its importance in the operation of the smart grid is expected to increase, and therefore its security is an important concern. Based on a realistic model of the communication infrastructure used to deliver measurement data from the substations to the state estimator, in this paper we investigate the vulnerability of the power system state estimator to attacks performed against the communication infrastructure. We define security metrics that quantify the importance of individual substations and the cost of attacking individual measurements. We provide efficient algorithms to calculate these metrics, and use the metrics to show how various network layer and application layer mitigation strategies can be used to decrease the vulnerability of the state estimator. We illustrate the efficiency of the algorithms on the IEEE 118 and 300 bus benchmark power systems.
Learning Relations for Terminological Ontologies from Text

The problem of learning concept hierarchies and terminological ontologies can be decomposed into two sub-tasks: concept extraction and relation learning. We describe an new approach to learn relations automatically from unstructured text corpus based on one of the probabilistic topic models, Latent Dirichlet Allocation. We first provide definition (Information Theory Principle for Concept Relationship) and quantitative measure for establishing subsumption relation between concepts. Based on the principle and quantitative measure, another relation called “related” is derived. We present two relation learning algorithms to automatically interconnect concepts into concept hierarchies and terminological ontologies with the probabilistic topic models learned, which are used as efficient dimension reduction techniques in our approach. In our experiment a total number of 168 set of ontology statements expressed in terms of broader and related relations are generated using different combination of model parameters. The ontology statements are evaluated by domain experts according to recall, precision and F1 measures. The results show that the highest precision of the learned ontology is around 86.6% and the lowest is 62.5% when 40 latent classes are used for training the topic models. Structures of learned ontologies remain stable when values of the paramters are changed in the ontology learning algorithms.
The Sense of Didactic and General Self-efficacy in Literature Teachers in Poland and Slovakia

This paper discusses the results of a study of the sense of efficacy in literature teachers working in Poland and Slovakia. The findings presented in this paper show no difference registered in both types of the sense of efficacy when comparing teachers from each of the countries examined. The second result obtained amounted to a statistically significant difference between the general sense of efficacy on the one hand and the didactic sense of efficacy on the other. The mean for the sense of didactic efficacy is higher than for the general sense of efficacy. The results are subsequently referred to A. Bandura’s analyses within the framework of a socio-cognitive theory.
MEMORY AND DECISION MAKING

The focus in this chapter is on consumer memory and how it influences consumer choice. A small but growing literature exists on consumer memory, and the literature on consumer decision making is vast (see, e.g., reviews in this volume by Meyer and Kahn and by Bettman, Johnson, and Payne). Surprisingly, however, overlap between these two research streams has been minimal. Thus, our primary purpose in writing this chapter is to advocate an agenda for future investigations rather than to review a well-established body of consumer research, though, by necessity, we also partially accomplish the latter. Though speculative, we hope that what we have to say about the role of memory in consumer choice stimulates research that will eventually replace the present conjectures with more solid empirical evidence.
Design and research on the motion target detection and tracking algorithm

As the common technique used in the monitoring system, Motion Detection Technology generally conducts tracking by finding motion trace of targets through the analysis of video frame sequence, however, the high efficiency and validity of target pattern matching can not be guaranteed. By means of the characteristics of Gaussian distribution and scaling density functions, this paper has studied and designed a kind of algorithm for detecting and tracking moving target, which can realize foreground detection on the moving target, achieve background update of Gaussian distribution model by updating weights, mean values and variance, and then extract foreground object by the noise reduction preprocessing for collecting image and the histogram equalization method, to determine the minimum Euclidean distance based on the space distance target tracking algorithm and thereby achieve the detection and tracking for the moving targets. Based on the experimental data, it is shown that the algorithm designed by the system can achieve the detection and tracking for the moving targets under the condition that the hardware is at rest.
Acute olfactory response of Culex mosquitoes to a human- and bird-derived attractant

West Nile virus, which is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes while feeding on birds and humans, has emerged as the dominant vector borne disease in North America. We have identified natural compounds from humans and birds, which are detected with extreme sensitivity by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on the antennae of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus). One of these semiochemicals, nonanal, dominates the odorant spectrum of pigeons, chickens, and humans from various ethnic backgrounds. We determined the specificity and sensitivity of all ORN types housed in different sensilla types on Cx. quinquefasciatus antennae. Here, we present a comprehensive map of all antennal ORNs coding natural ligands and their dose-response functions. Nonanal is detected by a large array of sensilla and is by far the most potent stimulus; thus, supporting the assumption that Cx. quinquefasciatus can smell humans and birds. Nonanal and CO2 synergize, thus, leading to significantly higher catches of Culex mosquitoes in traps baited with binary than in those with individual lures.
A Survey on Visual Search Reranking

Search reranking is considered as a best and common way to improves retrieval precision. However the problem is not trivial especially when we are considering multiple features or modalities for search in image and video retrieval. This paper suggests a new kind of reranking algorithm, the circular reranking, that supports the mutual exchange of information across multiple modalities for improving search performance, and follows the philosophy of strong performing modality could learn from weaker ones, and weaker modality does benefit by interacting with stronger modalities. Technically, circular reranking conducts multiple cyclic runs of random walks by exchanging the ranking scores among different features. Contrasting the existing techniques, the reranking procedure reassures interaction between various modalities to seek consensus which are useful for reranking. In this paper, we study several circular reranking properties, including how and which order of information propagation should be configured to fully exploit the potential of modalities for reranking.
Vampire bats: Trust in Privacy

Trust and privacy are ancient social concepts. Work on formalizing trust dates back to the mid-nineties, while work on formalizing privacy is in its infancy. The two concepts have a number of similarities including considerations of information type and sensitivity to inform actions, relationship between the communicating parties, and the context or purpose for communication. There are some key differences. Privacy, unlike trust, is legislated. In Canada, there are also a number of regulations, directives and policies that come along with the legislation. Trust, on the other hand, is the Wild West; almost anything goes. Early attempts at formalizing privacy have been largely restricted to P3P initiatives and other policy developments. Not only have they been largely ignored by the user community, but also because of the limited scope in application seem to fail to actually enable privacy protection. On the other hand, early trust models have taken a different approach. Instead, using a natural science approach and artificial agents, trust is circumscribed, simple and most importantly - repeatable. In the context of failed attempts at formalizing privacy through policy, learnings from trust can be utilized to advance the computational notion of privacy protection. This paper takes the work on formalizing privacy in a much needed new direction by examining the potential of an appropriate and applicable framework for privacy based on extant trust formalizations. It proposes a formalization for privacy can be based on trust, and would outline the types of privacy, examine privacy based decision-making, and explore the applicability of the agents as appropriate representations of people in the computational environment.
Electrophysiological characterization of LacY

Electrogenic events due to the activity of wild-type lactose permease from Escherichia coli (LacY) were investigated with proteoliposomes containing purified LacY adsorbed on a solid-supported membrane electrode. Downhill sugar/H+ symport into the proteoliposomes generates transient currents. Studies at different lipid-to-protein ratios and at different pH values, as well as inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide, show that the currents are due specifically to the activity of LacY. From analysis of the currents under different conditions and comparison with biochemical data, it is suggested that the predominant electrogenic event in downhill sugar/H+ symport is H+ release. In contrast, LacY mutants Glu-325→Ala and Cys-154→Gly, which bind ligand normally, but are severely defective with respect to lactose/H+ symport, exhibit only a small electrogenic event on addition of LacY-specific substrates, representing 6% of the total charge displacement of the wild-type. This activity is due either to substrate binding per se or to a conformational transition after substrate binding, and is not due to sugar/H+ symport. We propose that turnover of LacY involves at least 2 electrogenic reactions: (i) a minor electrogenic step that occurs on sugar binding and is due to a conformational transition in LacY; and (ii) a major electrogenic step probably due to cytoplasmic release of H+ during downhill sugar/H+ symport, which is the limiting step for this mode of transport.
Shunt-feedback transimpedance amplifier in 0.18μm CMOS technology

Low noise and low Power transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) are essential module for optical sensor based systems. But low power and low noise TIAs are still a challenge for the scientists despite of rapid advances in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This paper proposes a three-stage nested miller compensated (NMC) based design of low noise low power transimpedance amplifier for stable wideband operation. The circuit is designed in the 0. 18μm CMOS technology by using Mentor Graphics environment. The simulation results show that the proposed TIA can operate at frequency 20 KHz and produces an output of 1.4265V for ±1.2 V input voltages dissipating only 2.9206 mW power at 27°C temperature. The complete layout of the TIA is only 0.005 μm2. This shunt-feedback TIA can be a better choice for high-resolution, low-to mid frequency applications.
6.1 Dimensionality Reduction

Previously in the course, we have discussed algorithms suited for a large number of data points. This lecture discusses when the dimensionality of the data points becomes large. We denote the data set as x1, x2, . , xn ∈ RD for D >> n, and will consider dimensionality reductions f : RD → Rd for d << D. We would like the function f to preserve some properties of the original data set, such as variance, correlation, distances, angles, or “clusters”. For a concrete example, consider consider linear functions,
Robust pose estimation and tracking system for a mobile robot using a panoramic camera

A localisation system is an essential knowledge for a mobile robot to be able to freely navigate in its world. In this paper, pose estimation and tracking of a mobile robot is presented for an indoor cluttered environment using only an overhead panoramic vision system. The method presented is fast without requiring unwrapping of the panoramic view. It is assumed that the robot's workspace is 2D planer surface. A system combining mean-shift, Kalman Filter and Hough Transform based tracking is used to improve the result. Experiments show that the method is capable of robustly localising and tracking the robot in cluttered scenes even with variations of illumination and brief periods of occlusion.
The Use of Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients in Musical Instrument Identification

This paper examines the use of Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients in the classification of musical instruments. 2004 piano, violin and flute samples are analysed to get their coefficients. These coefficients are reduced using principal component analysis and used to train a multi-layered perceptron. The network is trained on the first 3, 4 and 5 principal components calculated from the envelope of the changes in the coefficients. This trained network is then used to classify novel input samples. By training and testing the network on a different number of coefficients, the optimum number of coefficients to include for identifying a musical instrument is determined. We conclude that using 4 principal components from the first 15 coefficients gives the most accurate classification results.
Estimating capacity credit of wind energy sources using probabilistic methods

Power systems with high wind penetration undergo increased variability and uncertainty, this leads to significant research in finding the wind power capacity credit on generation adequacy. The deterministic methods used in the past does not reflect the stochastic or probabilistic nature of system behavior with regard to customer demands, component failures and intermittent nature of renewable energy sources in particular wind energy sources. It is observed that large scale integration of wind energy has an impact on power system planning and operation. The large scale wind integration calls for generation planning which is an important aspect in order to meet the customer demands with optimum mix of generation like thermal, hydro and renewable. In this paper, probabilistic method namely sequential Monte-Carlo simulation has been implemented and is validated with IEEE RTS for generation adequacy analysis. The wind model has been incorporated in Monte-Carlo simulation approach in order to find the impact of the intermittent energy sources on generation planning in terms of wind power capacity credit. In the present paper, one of the high wind penetration states in INDIA has been considered for case studies. The capacity credit of wind power has been estimated with the planned generation for next five years considering the reliability index as per GRIDCODE.
Extending eclipse RCP with dynamic update of active plug-ins

While the dynamic linking mechanism of modern programming languages, such as Java, allows loading of classes dynamically, it does not allow class reloading. Hence, dynamic linking facilitates development of component platforms, such as eclipse RCP, which supports dynamic loading but not dynamic updates of components, since this requires reloading. This paper presents an approach that enhances eclipse RCP with dynamic updating capability. It overcomes the version barrier imposed by Java's dynamic linking, while maintaining the security and type safety of Java. The feasibility of the approach validates through a modified implementation of the eclipse RCP run-time system. Analysis indicates that our approach imposes a moderate performance penalty relative to the unmodified platform.
Usefulness of continuous blood glucose monitoring and control for patients undergoing liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the closed-loop system (STG-22; Nikkiso, Tokyo, Japan), a type of artificial endocrine pancreas for the continuous monitoring and control of intraoperative blood glucose in patients undergoing liver transplantation. METHODS Sixteen patients undergoing living-donor liver transplantation were enrolled in this study. Glucose levels were controlled with either a manual injection of insulin based on a commonly used sliding scale (manual insulin group, n=8) or a programmed infusion of insulin determined by the control algorithm of the artificial endocrine pancreas (programmed insulin group, n=8). The target glucose level range was set at 80-150 mg/dl. RESULTS The mean and SD of blood glucose concentration during surgery (Glu-Ave and Glu-SD, respectively) for the programmed insulin group were lower than for the manual insulin group. The coefficient of variability (Glu-CV=Glu-SD×100 /Glu-Ave) for the programmed insulin group was also lower than for the manual insulin group (20.1±4.9% vs. 26.9±6.1%; mean±SD). No hypoglycemia was detected in either group. CONCLUSION The STG-22 closed-loop system is effective for maintaining strict blood glucose control during liver transplantation with minimal variability in blood glucose concentration.
Molecular T Cell Biology – Basic and Translational Challenges in the Twenty-First Century

1 Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA 2 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 3 Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 4 T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK *Correspondence: ellis_reinherz@dfci.harvard. edu; oreste.acuto@path.ox. ac.uk
Bmc Medical Informatics and Decision Making How to Successfully Select and Implement Electronic Health Records (ehr) in Small Ambulatory Practice Settings

Background: Adoption of EHRs by U.S. ambulatory practices has been slow despite the perceived benefits of their use. Most evaluations of EHR implementations in the literature apply to large practice settings. While there are similarities relating to EHR implementation in large and small practice settings, the authors argue that scale is an important differentiator. Focusing on small ambulatory practices, this paper outlines the benefits and barriers to EHR use in this setting, and provides a "field guide" for these practices to facilitate successful EHR implementation.
The experimental silicification of Aquificales and their role in hot spring sinter formation

Archean microfossils provide some of the earliest physical evidence for life on Earth, yet there remains a great deal of uncertainty regarding which micro‐organisms were actually preserved. Because of the limited cellular detail remaining, interpretation of those microfossils has been based solely on size and morphology. This has led to significant controversy surrounding the presence or absence of cyanobacteria as early as 3.5 billion years. Accordingly, there has been an experimental bias towards studying their silicification. Here we report the very first findings on thermophilic bacteria–silica interactions, and investigate how Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense, a representative of the Aquificales often found as prominent members of modern hot spring vent communities, interacts with highly siliceous hydrothermal fluids. We show that adsorption of silica is limited to silica polymers and colloids, and that the magnitude of silica adsorption is dependent on its chemolithoautotrophic pathway. Intriguingly, when S. azorense is grown as a H2‐oxidizer, it responds to increasing silica concentrations by producing a protein‐rich biofilm that may afford the cells protection against cell wall silicification. Although the biofilms of Aquificales could potentially contribute to or accelerate siliceous sinter formation under certain growth conditions, the cells themselves show a low preservation potential and are unlikely to have been preserved in the ancient rock record, despite phylogenetic analyses suggesting that they represent one of the most primordial life forms.
Extraction of broad-band passive lumped equivalent circuits of microwave discontinuities

A systematic general-purpose technique for the extraction of equivalent circuits of lumped discontinuities and interconnects from full-wave electromagnetic-field numerical data is presented. The main feature of the method consists of approximating the simulated data in order to generate a passive and feasible circuit in an automatic way. All the aspects of the methodology are addressed. Particular emphasis is laid on the approximation step, about which a new technique is proposed
Object detection algorithm based on deformable part models

The paper proposes an object detection algorithm based on the deformable part models, and integrates the idea of global and local information to improve the accuracy and robustness of target detection. Firstly, we train the pyramid HOG feature of the sample images and get the feature representation containing the root model, component model and the corresponding deformable part models, then use the HOG features to train the classifier LSVM. Finally, we use the algorithm of dynamic programming combined distance transformation to section out the region on the detected images that matches the deformable part model, thus achieve the location of our interested target. The experimental analysis indicates that the proposed method can solve the problem of localization when the targets are blocked or interfered in the complex environment.
Let Go and Let Them Lead—Empowering Youth to Lead a Regional Event

"Empowerment" is the buzzword in youth development today. As youth development professionals, are we truly allowing our youth to be equal partners? Do we provide them the opportunities to practice and gain mastery of the leadership skills we teach them? This article presents a proven model that has successfully empowered youth to lead a leadership event for their peers. The Eastern Oregon Youth Council Training was the first of its kind in Oregon and has been successfully modeling a true youth-adult partnership for over 25 years.
NoC Architectures for Silicon Interposer Systems: Why Pay for more Wires when you Can Get them (from your interposer) for Free?

Silicon interposer technology ("2.5D" stacking) enables the integration of multiple memory stacks with a processor chip, thereby greatly increasing in-package memory capacity while largely avoiding the thermal challenges of 3D stacking DRAM on the processor. Systems employing interposers for memory integration use the interposer to provide point-to-point interconnects between chips. However, these interconnects only utilize a fraction of the interposer's overall routing capacity, and in this work we explore how to take advantage of this otherwise unused resource. We describe a general approach for extending the architecture of a network-on-chip (NoC) to better exploit the additional routing resources of the silicon interposer. We propose an asymmetric organization that distributes the NoC across both a multi-core chip and the interposer, where each sub-network is different from the other in terms of the traffic types, topologies, the use or non-use of concentration, direct vs. Indirect network organizations, and other network attributes. Through experimental evaluation, we show that exploiting the otherwise unutilized routing resources of the interposer can lead to significantly better performance.