Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SAR Image Simulations of Ocean Scenes Based on the Improved Facet TSM

The facet-based two scale model (FTSM) is widely applied in SAR image simulations of the anisotropic ocean surface. However, this model is sensitive to the cutoff parameter and facet size, and the choice of these two parameters is arbitrary. We propose to make an approximation of the cutoff invariant two scale model (CITSM) to improve the simulation efficiency while remaining the robustness to cutoff wavenumbers. Meanwhile, the robustness to facet sizes is obtained by correcting the geometrical optics (GO) solution, taking into account the slope probability density function (PDF) correction induced by the spectrum within an individual facet. The new FTSM, with less dependence on cutoff parameters and facet sizes, is proved to be reasonable in the comparisons with advanced analytical models and experimental data. Finally, SAR images of the ocean surface and ship wakes with various facet sizes are provided to prove the operability and applicability of our model.
Carrier profiles and collection efficiency in Gaussian p-n junctions under electron beam bombardment

Gaussian-doped semiconductor junctions have a built-in electrostatic field E which usually varies linearly with distance from the surface. A series of solutions of the one-dimensional continuity equation for linear E field are given in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function and its limiting forms. These solutions are directly applicable to the collection of hole-electron pairs generated between the surface and the junction, and can be extended readily to cover generation at greater depths. The effects of bulk recombination and spatial variation of diffusion constant on the theoretical collection efficiency are also calculated. Using a generation function appropriate to a kilovolt electron beam, the minority carrier density versus distance and the collection efficiency of the junction are evaluated for zero and infinite surface recombination velocity.
An Algorithm for Computing Reducing Subspaces by Block Diagonalization.

This paper describes an algorithm for reducing a real matrix A to block diagonal form by a real similarity transformation. The columns of the transformation corresponding to a block span a reducing subspace of A, and the block is the representation of A in that subspace with respect to the basis. The algorithm attempts to control the condition of the transformation matrices, so that the reducing subspaces are well conditioned and the basis vectors are numerically independent.
Regular Redescending Rank Estimates

Abstract A study is made of some unusual location estimates first proposed in 1977 by J. S. Maritz, M. Wu, and R. G. Staudte, Jr., who established some strong robustness properties of these estimates, such as redescending influence functions and, in some cases, full efficiency at the Cauchy model. It is further shown here that the estimates, called M-W-S estimates, are derivable from a rank-based scheme founded on convex functions and hence are regular, are unique, and have associated tests and confidence intervals. The tests belong to a family of signed-rank-type tests, and their distributions have nice combinatorial properties. It is not the case, therefore, that a redescending influence function need imply all the computational irregularities possessed by redescending M estimates. In addition, M-W-S estimates are shown to have breakdown point of . 5, a very strong robustness property.
SÉRIE “Lékařské vědy”

This article presents the development and evaluation of a self-assessment tool for measuring the severity of burnout syndrome in general practice - family medicine interns. The study involved 32 first-year interns who voluntarily participated in the research, which was conducted in compliance with ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. The study involved the development of a questionnaire, the survey of respondents
Generalized eigenvalue problem criteria for multiband-coupled systems: hole mixing phenomenon study

Non-linear eigenvalue equations straightforwardly determine fundamental physical quantities of a wide variety of areas. We retrieve a root-locus-like procedure, as a new technique for directly analyzing specific physical phenomena involving multiband-multichannel charge–carrier coupled modes. A new explicit necessary and sufficient condition is presented for a generalized eigenvalue problem, associated with an N-coupled components matrix boundary equation. Within our approach, the uncoupled-system case is nicely recovered. We tested the present scheme by applying it to heavy and light holes, described via the Kohn–Lüttinger model, and found good agreement for our proposition even at medium-intensity band mixing. We simulated the multiband-hole band-mixing-phenomenon by monitoring the root-locus for the quadratic eigenvalue problem, and by plotting the metamorphosis of the effective band offset profile, for bulk and layered heterostructures, respectively. Several new features have been observed; for example, for light holes solely, an appealing interchange of quantum-well-like versus barrier-like roles has been detected for several III–V semiconductor binary compounds.
A note on adaptive approximation in Sobolev spaces

In this article, we consider the adaptive approximation in Sobolev spaces. After establishing some norm equivalences and inequalities in Besov spaces, we are able to prove that the best N terms approximation with wavelet‐like basis in Sobolev spaces exhibits the proper approximation order in terms of N−1. This indicates that the computational load in adaptive approximation is proportional to the approximation accuracy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Identification of tissue and therapy parameters from surface temperature.

The temperature distribution of human body tissues, when electromagnetic waves are applied, is studied with the help of the bioheat equation, which is characterised by several thermal parameters, such as thermal conductivity, perfusion frequency or metabolic heat. There are also electromagnetic parameters, such as electrical conductivity and dielectric constant. Besides, therapy parameters, such as the applied power should be considered. If the values of all these parameters are known, the time evolution of the temperature can be determined. Some of these values can be found in specialised databases, and others are unknown but approximate values can be obtained by reasonable estimations. The outcome of simulations depends heavily on the parameter values. Surface temperature helps in providing better estimates of the parameter values. Once these parameters are identified, medical analyses can be performed to assess the dosimetry of the radiation so that it does not damage tissues, for example. The surface temperature is obtained from a sequence of thermographic images. Based on these experimental data, an algorithm is applied to find the values of the needed parameters. The model is simulated iteratively, adjusting the parameters at each step, reducing the approximation error between the simulation and the data. This is an optimization problem that belongs to the realm of inverse problems. It can be solved using techniques based on the gradient concept, however, this problem can be ill-conditioned, so probabilistic or evolutionary algorithms are also used. In this paper, the simulation is made using a method based on Legendre wavelets. It is proposed that the subsequent optimization is made using an evolutionary algorithm, that has shown great robustness in the problems where it has been applied. As far as known, it has never been applied to the bioheat equation. This is the aim of this work.
Compression Tests at High Strain Rate on 3D-Printed CuCrZr Alloy Specimens - Material Model Calibration

CuCrZr alloy is used to produce actively cooled components for high heat flux elements of beamlines and for heat sink of plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices such as ITER and DEMO. It has an excellent thermal conductivity and specific mechanical strength, together with a high electrical conductivity that is giving high push to its use. Recently, CuCrZr alloy was also considered as an attractive material for Additive Manufacturing, leading to extend its application in the field of strain rate studies. As a matter of fact, its strain rate dependency is playing an important role for vertical target plasma-facing units components uses as heat sink in the ITER divertor or as structural material for actively cooled plasma facing components. This paper describes the results obtained by quasi-static and dynamic compression tests carried out on CuCrZr specimens produced by laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), with Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. Quasi-static tests have been conducted by means a servo-hydraulic tensile machine, while a direct tension-compression split Hopkinson bar has been used to perform the tests at high strain rate. Since dedicated heat treatments are required to obtain optimal combination of strength, ductility, and conductivity, some of the specimens have been heated up to 560 – 580 °C for 4 – 5 h and then cooled in air. Eventually, the calibration of the most appropriate constitutive models for 3D-printed CuCrZr alloy deformed at high strain rate has been carried out by means an inverse analytical procedure.
Near-infrared Polarization Charateristics of the Zodiacal Light Observed with DIRBE/COBE

We report near-infrared polarization of the zodiacal light (ZL) measured from space by the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) on board the Cosmic Background Explorer in photometric bands centered at 1.25, 2.2, and 3.5 μm. To constrain the physical properties of interplanetary dust, we use DIRBE Weekly Sky Maps to investigate the solar elongation (ϵ), ecliptic latitude (β), and wavelength (λ) dependence of ZL polarization. We find that the polarization of the ZL varies as a function of ϵ and β, consistent with observed polarization at λ = 550 nm. While the polarization dependence on wavelength at (ϵ, β) = (90°, 0°) is modest (increasing from 17.7% ± 0.2% at 1.25% μm to 21.0% ± 0.3% at 3.5 μm), the variation is more pronounced at the north ecliptic pole (23.1% ± 1.6%, 35.1% ± 2.0%, and 39.3% ± 2.1% at 1.25, 2.2, and 3.5 μm, respectively). The variation in ZL polarization with wavelength is not explained by either Rayleigh scattering or absorptive particles larger than 10 μm.
The modified exponential-geometric distribution

This article considers the modified exponential-geometric distribution, a new three-parameter lifetime distribution with decreasing or increasing failure rate. Various properties of the proposed distribution are discussed. The estimation of the parameters attained by the EM algorithm and their asymptotic variances and covariances are obtained. A simulation study is provided to apply the EM approach to estimate model parameters, where the accuracy of estimation is examined. The experimental results are also illustrated based on the real data sets.
Clinical Validity of IntelliSpace Cognition Digital Assessment Platform in Mild Cognitive Impairment

We evaluated a digital cognitive assessment platform, Philips IntelliSpace Cognition, in a cross-sectional cohort of patients diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Performance on individual neuropsychological tests, cognitive domain scores, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) specific composite scores in MCI were compared with a cohort of cognitively normal adults (CN). The cohorts were matched for age, sex, and education. The performance on all but two neuropsychological tests was worse in the MCI group. After ranking the cognitive domains by effect size, we found that the memory domain was most impaired, followed by executive functioning. The Early AD/MCI Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (EMACC) and Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) scores were constructed from the digital tests on Philips IntelliSpace Cognition. Both AD-specific composite scores showed greater sensitivity and specificity than the Mini-Mental State Examination, as well as individual neuropsychological tests and individual cognitive domain scores. Together, these results demonstrate the diagnostic value of Philips IntelliSpace Cognition in patients with MCI.
The calculation of the dynamic problem for the thin plate by method of convolution-type point collocation

Dynamic question of elastic body for plate is very important and dynamic analysis is very difficult to solute. The method of convolution-type point collocation is proposed to calculate the thin plate. And this method is applied to solve dynamic problems of thin plate with four sides simply-supported. From the conclusions of the calculation example it is shown this method is effective and has high accuracy.
Pseudo moiré dislocations appearing in x‐ray diffraction topography

In recent x‐ray moire topographic experiments a dislocationlike discontinuity of moire fringes has been found despite the fact that specimens (Si bicrystal) were dislocation free. This discontinuity, although similar in appearance to the fringe discontinuity known as moire dislocation, should be essentially distinguished from it. Preliminary considerations suggest that the outbreak of such pseudo‐moire dislocations is related not only to the wave‐field phase due to the moire effect, but to the phase of extinction fringes. Pseudo‐moire dislocations commonly occur in plane‐wave x‐ray moire topography of slightly strained specimens.
Protective effects of baicalin against L-glutamate-induced oxidative damage in HT-22 cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling

Objective(s): To explore the ability and underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of Baicalin (BA) against L-Glutamate-induced mouse hippocampal neuron cell line HT-22. Materials and Methods: The cell injury model of HT-22 cells was induced by L-glutamate, and cell viability and damage were detected by CCK-8 and LDH assays. Generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by DCFH-DA in situ fluorescence method. The SOD activity and MDA concentration in the supernatants were determined by WST-8 and colorimetric method, respectively. Furthermore, Western blot and real-time qPCR analysis were utilized to detect the expression levels of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome proteins and genes. Results: L-Glutamate exposure induced cell injuries in HT-22 cells, and the concentration of 5 mM L-Glutamate was chosen to be the modeling condition. Co-treatment with BA significantly promoted cell viability and reduced LDH release in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BA attenuated the L-Glutamate-induced injuries by decreasing the ROS production and MDA concentration, while increasing the SOD activity. Moreover, we also found that BA treatment up-regulated the gene and protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, and then inhibited the expression of NLRP3. Conclusion: Our study found that BA could relieve oxidative stress damage of HT-22 cells induced by L-Glutamate, and the mechanism might be related to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome.
HAPLOTYPES: THE JOINT DISTRIBUTION

We prove a result concerning the joint distribution of alleles at linked loci on a chromosome drawn from the population at stationarity. For a neutral locus, the allele is a draw from the stationary distribution of the mutation process. Furthermore, this allele is independent of the alleles at different loci on any chromosomes in the population.
A comparison of estimators of the geographical relative risk function

The geographical relative risk function is a useful tool for investigating the spatial distribution of disease based on case and control data. The most common way of estimating this function is using the ratio of bivariate kernel density estimates constructed from the locations of cases and controls, respectively. An alternative is to use a local-linear (LL) estimator of the log-relative risk function. In both cases, the choice of bandwidth is critical. In this article, we examine the relative performance of the two estimation techniques using a variety of data-driven bandwidth selection methods, including likelihood cross-validation (CV), least-squares CV, rule-of-thumb reference methods, and a new approximate plug-in (PI) bandwidth for the LL estimator. Our analysis includes the comparison of asymptotic results; a simulation study; and application of the estimators on two real data sets. Our findings suggest that the density ratio method implemented with the least-squares CV bandwidth selector is generally best, with the LL estimator with PI bandwidth being competitive in applications with strong large-scale trends but much worse in situations with elliptical clusters.
Improving temporal extrapolation for daily evapotranspiration using radiation measurements

Abstract Accuracy needs to be improved when extrapolating instantaneous remote sensing evapotranspiration (ET) values for daily ET estimates. Daily net radiation ( R n 24 ) is a critical variable for this extrapolation. We expand the de Bruin and Sticker formula for R n 24 in the evaporative fraction method by incorporating ground radiation measurements. In addition, an improved daily transmittance formula that considers atmospheric conditions and solar declination is proposed for R n 24 calculation. The coefficient for daily net longwave radiation ( R nl 24 ) in R n 24 is regressed from the ground radiation measurements and the improved daily transmittance values. A comparative study was conducted in the Haihe River basin, China. Experimental results show that the improved method yields a root mean square error of 0.97 mm for daily ET and only about 2% underestimation for actual seasonal ET in the study area. These results are better than the values obtained by traditional methods.
Cannabidiol interacts with the FXR/Nrf2 pathway and changes the CB1/CB2 receptors ratio in gentamicin-induced kidney injury in rats

Objective(s): Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was used as an experimental model of kidney disease. The present study was performed to assess the therapeutic role of cannabidiol (CBD) against gentamicin-induced renal damage. Materials and Methods: Forty two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n=7), including: (1) Control, (2) Vehicle, (3) Gentamicin-treated group (100 mg/kg/day) for 10 days (GM), (4-6) 3 Gentamicin-CBD-treated groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day) for 10 days (GM+CBD2.5, GM+CBD5, GM+CBD10). Serum levels of BUN and Cr, renal histology as well as real-time qRT-PCR were used to investigate the pattern of changes at different levels. Results: Gentamicin increased serum BUN and Cr (P<0.001), down-regulation of FXR (P<0.001), SOD (P<0.05) and up-regulation of CB1 receptor mRNA (P<0.01). Compared to the control group, CBD at 5 decreased (P<0.05) and at 10 mg/kg/day increased the expression of FXR (P<0.05). Nrf2 expression in CBD groups was increased (P<0.001 vs. GM). The expression of TNF-α compared to the control and GM groups, was significantly increased in CBD2.5 (P<0.01) and CBD10 (P<0.05). Compared to the control, CBD at 2.5 (P<0.01), 5 (P<0.001) and 10 (P<0.001) mg/kg/day significantly increased the expression of CB1R. Up-regulation of CB1R in the GM+CBD5, was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the GM group. Compared to the control group, the most significant increase in CB2 receptor expression was observed at CBD10 (P<0.05). Conclusion: CBD particularly at 10 mg/kg/day might be of significant therapeutic benefit against such renal complications. Activating the FXR/Nrf2 pathway and counteracting the deleterious effects of CB1 receptors via CB2 receptors scale-up could be part of the protective mechanisms of CBD.
Applying Scientific Rationale to the Current Perceptions and Explanations of Massage and Miscarriage in the First Trimester

Miscarriage is a relatively common occurrence, impacting 8–15% of clinically recognised pregnancies, and up to 30% of all conceptions. The public perception of the risk factors associated with miscarriage does not match the evidence. Evidence indicates that there are very few modifiable factors to prevent miscarriage, and the majority of the time little could have been done to prevent a spontaneous miscarriage. However, the public perception is that consuming drugs, lifting a heavy object, previous use of an intrauterine device, or massage can all contribute to miscarriage. While misinformation about the causes and risk factors of miscarriage continues to circulate, pregnant women will experience confusion about what activities they can (and cannot) do in early pregnancy, including receiving a massage. Pregnancy massage is an important component of massage therapy education. The resources that underpin pregnancy massage coursework consist of educational print content that includes direction and caution that massage in the first trimester, if done ‘incorrectly’ or in the ‘wrong’ location, can contribute to adverse outcomes such as miscarriage. The most common statements, perceptions and explanations for massage and miscarriage cover three broad areas: 1) maternal changes from massage affects the embryo/fetus; 2) massage leads to damage of the fetus/placenta; and 3) aspects of the massage treatment in the first trimester initiate contractions. The goal of this paper is to use scientific rationale to critically consider the validity of the current perceptions and explanations of massage therapy and miscarriage. Whilst direct evidence from clinical trials was lacking, considerations of physiological mechanisms regulating pregnancy and known risk factors associated with miscarriage provide no evidence that massage in pregnancy would increase a patient’s risk of miscarriage. This scientific rationale should be addressed when teaching pregnancy massage courses.
Laplacian pyramid versus wavelet decomposition for image sequence coding

Implementation of a set of pyramid transforms in a hierarchical approach for a real television sequence which consists of a 3-D data information set is presented. The investigation is based on several visual and objective comparative criteria, including the relevance to the motion information. Several pyramid transforms for image sequence coding are investigated and compared. The nonorthogonal pyramid transforms are separated from the orthogonal transforms. The nonorthogonal pyramid transforms are easily implemented, permit exact reconstruction, and accept the introduction of an error-compensation method if the different levels are coded but the nonorthogonality of the decomposition causes an increase in the number of transform samples and a high global entropy value (a disadvantage for data compression). The wavelet pyramid transform is more computationally complex but gives the best results for global entropy values. The quincunx pyramid seems to be the most interesting, since it features many advantages of the other including the visual representation of motion information through a pyramid sequence. <<ETX>>