Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gas chromatographic profile analysis of basic nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (azaarenes) in high protein foods.

A method is described for the determination of basic nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N-PACs, azaarenes) in meat. The enrichment procedure includes liquid-liquid partition (dimethylformamide-water-cyclohexane), extraction of N-PACs by sulfuric acid, reextraction after neutralization by cyclohexane or, alternatively, by nonadsorbing ion exchange chromatography. Further purification is performed by column chromatography on Sephadex LH 20 using a closed system to avoid sample contamination by laboratory pollutants. N-PACs are analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and measured by comparing to the corresponding peak areas of an internal standard (e.g., 10-azabenzo(a)pyrene). The limit of detection of this method ranges from 0.1 to 0.4 ng for benzacridines, dibenzacridines, and their methyl derivatives. The results of a collaborative study, stimulated by IUPAC, are reported: Coefficients of variation for the various azaarenes were 4.0-13.6% for the check analysis and 10.4-25.4% for a spiked ham sample. Consequently, IUPAC suggests this procedure as a recommended method.
Antibiotic Administration in an Animal Model of Chronic Peritoneal Dialysate Exposure

♦ Objectives The high incidence of intraperitoneal infection remains an important problem in animal models of chronic dialysate exposure. Prophylactic antibiotic administration can be used to resolve this problem, but the isolated effects of antibiotics on peritoneal membrane function and structure are unknown. The present study examined the effects of prophylactic antibiotics on infection rate and peritoneal membrane function and structure in a rat model of chronic dialysate exposure. ♦ Design A first group of rats (A; n = 12) received 10 mL 3.86% glucose dialysate twice daily through a heparin-coated catheter. In a second group of animals (B; n = 12), oxacillin 2.5 mg/day and gentamicin 0.04 mg/day were added to the dialysate. Group C (n= 12) was injected twice daily with an identical dose of antibiotics dissolved in 1 mL of buffer solution. Group D (n = 12) was left untreated. Dialysate cultures were obtained regularly. After 8 weeks of exposure, peritoneal transport studies were performed and samples for histology were obtained. ♦ Results Technique survival was 92% in group A and 100% in the remaining groups. Five rats in group A but none of the animals in the other groups developed peritonitis. The transport rates of small solutes were elevated and net ultrafiltration was decreased in group A compared to the controls. Fibrosis, as evaluated by quantifying Picro Sirius Red staining with image analysis, was significantly elevated in group A (3.48% ± 1.06% vs 0.72% ± 0.51% in group D, p < 0.05) but not in group B (0.29% ± 0.07%) or in group C (0.52% ± 0.28%). Vascular density, measured by counting the number of blood vessels that stained positive for endothelial NO synthase, was increased in both groups that were exposed to dialysate: 153.0 ± 12.9/μm2 in group A and 131.6 ± 14.3/μm2 in group B, versus 76.76 ± 12.37/μm2 in group C and 73.2 ± 10.4/μm2 in group D (p < 0.01). ♦ Conclusions Prophylactic administration of oxacillin and gentamicin adequately prevented intraperitoneal infection in an animal model of chronic dialysate exposure. In addition, fibrosis was absent, suggesting intra-peritoneal infection rather than dialysate exposure is a causative factor.
Male management: coping with aggression problems in male laboratory mice

In a laboratory environment, aggressive interactions between male mice may exceed normal levels leading to negative effects both on the well-being of the animals and on the validity of experimental results. In this paper we review results from the literature and our own research with regard to coping with excessive aggressive behaviour in male laboratory mice. Based on this review practical recommendations concerning the housing and care of male laboratory mice are formulated. In short, it is recommended to avoid individual housing, to transfer odour cues from the nesting area during cage cleaning and to apply nesting material as environmental enrichment. Furthermore, group size should be optimized to three animals per cage. Further research, in particular into the effects of frequency, duration, type and severity of disturbances during an experiment on the degree of aggression, is recommended.
Reducing t-norms and augmenting t-conorms

We introduce some new classes of parameterized operators. First, we introduce an operator that we call the reduced t-norm, which is obtained by a parameterized deviation from a t-norm. We study this operator and develop some of its properties. We also investigate some special cases of this reduced t-norm operator. We then introduce an analogous operator that we call the augmented t-conorm which is obtained by adding a value to a t-conorm.
Developing a self-administered CKD symptom assessment instrument.

BACKGROUND Current disease-centred therapies for CKD focus on preserving the GFR but often ignore patient-reported symptoms. This purpose of this report is to describe the development of an instrument to measure the presence and severity of a wide range of symptoms commonly attributable to CKD. METHODS A 37-item questionnaire was administered along with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument to 92 patients with CKD not on dialysis (24% black, 5% women, mean age 68 years, 68% with diabetes mellitus). To discover groups of symptoms, agglomerative cluster analysis followed by exploratory common factor analysis was performed. Construct validity, internal reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability and finally the association of various symptom domains with objective measurements such as estimated GFR and haemoglobin were tested. RESULTS The top five symptoms of at least moderate severity in decreasing order of prevalence were 'tire easily', limited physical activity, nocturia, joint pain and 'stop and rest often'. Four common factors emerged that could be broadly classified into neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, uraemia and anaemia symptoms accounting for 73% of the total variance in the sample. The coefficient alpha for each of these factors approached 0.9. The test-retest reliability in 41 patients over 8 weeks was likewise high. There was good convergent and divergent validity. However, there was little relationship between estimated GFR and symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of symptom burden among patients with CKD may be facilitated by incorporating this instrument in routine practice and clinical trials.
Integration of Patent and Company Databases

In this paper we describe an activity of information integration performed on databases with patent data and company indicators. In particular, we present a detailed case study on company name matching. We show how to choose and tune existing methods to work on the domain object of this paper, and describe an efficient implementation to process large volumes of data. The integration activity involves the application of approximate string matching techniques. Then, we show the experimental results obtained on real data sets, highlighting the pros and cons of approximate string matching in this specific domain, and analyze the impact of domain knowledge on the results of the matching activity.
The International Transmission of Bank Liquidity Shocks: Evidence from an Emerging Market

I exploit the 1998 Russian default as a negative liquidity shock to international banks and analyze its transmission to Peru. I find that after the shock international banks reduce bank-to-bank lending to Peruvian banks and Peruvian banks reduce lending to Peruvian firms. The effect is strongest for domestically owned banks that borrow internationally, intermediate for foreign-owned banks, and weakest for locally funded banks. I control for credit demand by examining firms that borrow from several banks. These results suggest that international banks transmit liquidity shocks across countries and that negative liquidity shocks reduce bank lending in affected countries.
Dopaminergic and GABAergic retinal cell populations in mammals

A number of modern techniques now allow histologists to characterize subpopulations of retinal neurons by their neurotransmitters. The morphologies and connections of these chemically defined neurons can be analyzed precisely at both light and electron microscope levels and lead to a better understanding of retinal circuitry. The dopaminergic neurons form a loose population of special wide‐field amacrine cells bearing intraretinal axons within the inner plexiform layer. One subtype, the interplexiform cell, sends an axon to the outer plexiform and outer nuclear layers. The number of interplexiform cells is variable throughout mammalian species. The GABAergic neurons form a dense and heterogeneous population of amacrine cells branching at all levels of the inner plexiform layer. The presence of GABA in horizontal cells seems to be species‐dependent. Close relationships occur between dopaminergic and GABAergic cells. GABA antagonizes a number of dopaminergic actions by inhibiting both the release and synthesis of dopamine. This inhibition can be supported by GABA synapses onto dopaminergic cells, but GABA can also diffuse to its targets. Finally, GABA is also contained and synthesized in dopaminergic cells. This colocalization might be the basis of an intracellular modulation of dopamine by GABA. Microsc Res Tech 36:26–42, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Riverine N2O concentrations, exports to estuary and emissions to atmosphere from the Changjiang River in response to increasing nitrogen loads

This study investigated the variations of dissolved N2O and emissions over diurnal and seasonal temporal scales in 2009, as well as the time series of riverine N2O export to estuary and emission to atmosphere in response to increasing anthropogenic nitrogen loads in the Changjiang River. For the diurnal study, N2O concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 0.34 and from 0.44 to 0.52 μg N–N2O L−1 in August and October 2009, respectively. The dissolved N2O was supersaturated with a mean value of 197%. Studies on N2O emissions, also taken in August and October, ranged from 2.67 to 11.6 and from 6.72 to 15.2 μg N–N2O m−2 h−1, respectively. For the seasonal study (June through December 2009), N2O concentrations ranged from 0.34 to 0.72 μg N–N2O L−1 and were supersaturated in all the samples (average 212%). N2O emissions ranged from 1.87 to 40.8 μg N–N2O m−2 h−1. Our study found no significant differences in diurnal patterns of N2O saturation but detected significant difference in seasonal patterns of N2O saturation: higher during summer while lower during autumn and winter. We found a significant relationship between dissolved N2O and river nitrate, which can predict the variation of N2O concentrations in the River. The net production of N2 ranged from 0.01 to 0.47 mg N–N2 L−1. These excess N2 values were significantly correlated to the N2O production and are suggestive of denitrification in the river. Applying the Global News model to the river system using measures taken during the 1970 to 2002 period, we estimated N2O emissions to atmosphere increased from 330 to 3650 ton N–N2O yr−1. During that same 1970–2002 period, N2O exports to estuary increased from 91 to 470 ton N–N2O yr−1. Taken together, the findings reported here suggest that both the river N2O concentrations and emissions would increase in response to rising anthropogenic nitrogen loads. Our study showed that the mean emission factor based on the ratio of the total N2O flux to NO3− flux is four times greater than the value of 0.0025 obtained with the methodology recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Thus, our findings reflect the open river channel rapid exchange of gases with the atmosphere.
Operation of Grid-Connected DFIG Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Condition

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) still shares a large part in today's wind power market. It provides the benefits of variable speed operation cost-effectively, and can control its active and reactive power independently. Crowbar protection is often adopted to protect the rotor-side voltage source converter (VSC) from transient overcurrent during grid voltage dip. But under unbalanced grid voltage condition, the severe problems are not the transient overcurrent, but the electric torque pulsation and dc voltage ripple in the back-to-back VSCs. This paper develops dynamic models in MATLAB/Simulink, validates it through experiments, investigates the behavior of DFIG during unbalanced grid voltage condition, and proposes new controllers in separated positive and negative sequence. Methods to separate positive and negative sequence components in real time are also developed, and their responses to unsymmetrical voltage dip are compared. Simulation results prove that the separated positive and negative sequence controllers limit the torque pulsation and dc voltage ripple effectively.
fishesdeclines in Europe and North America and be a threat to How sea lice from salmon farms may cause wild salmonid

References ml#ref-list-1 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/early/2009/07/02/rspb.2009. 0771.full. ht This article cites 96 articles, 5 of which can be accessed free P<P Published online 8 July 2009 in advance of the print journal. Subject collections (100 articles) health and disease and epidemiology  (165 articles) environmental science  (695 articles) ecology  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
A Multiinput Bridgeless Resonant AC–DC Converter for Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting

Flapping electromagnetic-reed generators are investigated to harvest wind energy, even at low cutoff wind speeds. Power electronic interfaces are intended to address ac-dc conversion and power conditioning for single- or multiple-channel systems. However, the generated voltage of each generator reed at low wind speed is usually below the threshold voltage of power electronic semiconductor devices, increasing the difficulty and inefficiency of rectification, particularly at relatively low output powers. This paper proposes a multiinput bridgeless resonant ac-dc converter to achieve ac-dc conversion, step-up voltage and match optimal impedance for a multichannel electromagnetic energy harvesting system. Alternating voltage of each generator is stepped up through the switching LC network and then rectified by a freewheeling diode. Its resonant operation enhances efficiency and enables miniaturization through high frequency switching. The optimal electrical impedance can be adjusted through resonance impedance matching and pulse-frequency-modulation control. A 5 cm × 3 cm, six-input standalone prototype is fabricated to address power conditioning for a six-channel wind panel.
Los mayores sismos en Argelia en la época moderna: las fallas de El Asnam y Zemmouri-Boumerdès

Algeria has experienced many destructive earthquakes during the last few centuries (e.g., Ayadi and Bezzeghoud, 2015). The city of El Asnam (formerly Orleanville, today Chlef) was severely damaged in 1954 and 1980 by magnitude 6.7 and 7.3 earthquakes, respectively. On October 10, 1989, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck the Mont Chenoua-Tipasa coastal area approximately 150 km west of Zemmouri, which is where the May 21, 2003 earthquake occurred (Mw6.8). Many other large historical and instrumental earthquakes have severely damaged the coastal cities of Algeria over the last few centuries (i.e., around Algiers, Oran, Mascara, Djidjelli, Constantine and Bejaia). These earthquakes suggest active deformation of the margin in conjunction with the clear offshore extent of active coastal faults. According to several studies, the main active geological structures around El Asnam, Algiers, Zemmouri and Boumerdes have experienced several disastrous earthquakes. Many other earthquakes have occurred in and around the Chlef and Mitidja Basins, underlining the seismic activity in the area. In this chapter, we highlight the main characteristics of the two largest earthquakes that have occurred in Algeria in the modern period: the El Asnam earthquakes of September 9 (Mw6.7) and October 10 1980 (Mw7.3), and the Zemmouri-Boumerdes earthquake of May 21, 2003, (Mw6.8).
Learning Structural Kernels for Natural Language Processing

Structural kernels are a flexible learning paradigm that has been widely used in Natural Language Processing. However, the problem of model selection in kernel-based methods is usually overlooked. Previous approaches mostly rely on setting default values for kernel hyperparameters or using grid search, which is slow and coarse-grained. In contrast, Bayesian methods allow efficient model selection by maximizing the evidence on the training data through gradient-based methods. In this paper we show how to perform this in the context of structural kernels by using Gaussian Processes. Experimental results on tree kernels show that this procedure results in better prediction performance compared to hyperparameter optimization via grid search. The framework proposed in this paper can be adapted to other structures besides trees, e.g., strings and graphs, thereby extending the utility of kernel-based methods.
Behavioral and biological factors associated with individual vulnerability to psychostimulant abuse.

It is common knowledge that enormous individual differences in drug intake exist in humans (de Wit et al. 1986). A large number of people have tried drugs at least once, but for most of them drug use consists in single or few nonrenewed experiences. Among people that persist in taking drugs, drug use can remain an occasional behavior that is limited, for example, to weekends or parties. Finally, only some subjects among drug users develop drug abuse, i.e., a compulsive drug use that becomes the principal goal-directed behavior of the subject (O’Brien et al. 1986). The origin of the peculiar vulnerability to develop drug abuse observed in some individuals is one of the principal questions to be answered about addiction.
Benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood with ataxia

Benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood with ataxia is a rare paroxysmal movement disorder characterized by episodes of sustained, conjugate, upward deviation of the eyes and down beating saccades in attempted downgaze (with preserved horizontal eye movements) which is accompanied by ataxic symptomatology (unsteady gait, lack of balance and movement coordination disturbances) in an otherwise healthy individual. Bilateral vertical nystagmus is associated. Symptoms generally disappear spontaneously within 1-2 years after onset. Qeios · Definition, February 10, 2020
Compressed CSI Acquisition in FDD Massive MIMO: How Much Training is Needed?

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) is a promising technique for providing unprecedented spectral efficiency. However, it has been well recognized that the excessive training overhead required for obtaining the channel side information is a major handicap in frequency-division duplexing (FDD) massive MIMO. Several attempts have been made to reduce this training overhead by exploiting the sparsity structures of massive MIMO channels. So far, however, there has been little discussion about how to exploit the partial support information of these channels to achieve further overhead reductions. Such information, which is a set of indices of the significant elements of a channel vector, can be acquired in advance and hence is an important option to explore. In this paper, we examine the impact on the required training overhead when this information is applied within a weighted ℓ1 minimization framework, and analytically show that a sharp estimate of the reduced overhead size can be successfully obtained. Furthermore, we examine how the accuracy of the partial support information impacts the achievable overhead reduction. Numerical results for a wide range of sparsity and partial support information reliability levels are presented to quantify our findings and main conclusions.
Dynamic artificial neural network for electricity market prices forecast

This paper presents an artificial neural network applied to the forecasting of electricity market prices, with the special feature of being dynamic. The dynamism is verified at two different levels. The first level is characterized as a re-training of the network in every iteration, so that the artificial neural network can able to consider the most recent data at all times, and constantly adapt itself to the most recent happenings. The second level considers the adaptation of the neural network's execution time depending on the circumstances of its use. The execution time adaptation is performed through the automatic adjustment of the amount of data considered for training the network. This is an advantageous and indispensable feature for this neural network's integration in ALBidS (Adaptive Learning strategic Bidding System), a multi-agent system that has the purpose of providing decision support to the market negotiating players of MASCEM (Multi-Agent Simulator of Competitive Electricity Markets).
The 6th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT 2015) DSM: Dynamic Sink Mobility Equipped DBR for Underwater WSNs

In this paper, we present Dynamic Sink Mobility equipped DBR (DSM) routing protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Our proposed scheme increases the stability period, network lifetime, and throughput of the UWSN. The scheme incorporates dynamic sink mobility in a way that sink moves towards most dense (in terms of number of nodes) region (quadrant) of the network. Moving the sink to high density region ensures maximum collection of data. As, more number of nodes (sensors) are able to send data directly to sink, therefore, significant amount of energy is saved in each particular round. However, there is a certain drawback to this approach. Nodes which are far from sink have to wait much for their turn. So, there are chances of data loss in the considered scenario. To overcome this issue our scheme includes Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) in the other regions of the network. AUVs act as relays by collecting data from the nodes of their respective regions and then transmit data to sink at a closest distance with it. Simulation results show that DSM outperforms the other existing routing protocol DBR in terms of stability period, network lifetime, and network throughput. c