Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Information-Based Approach to Precision Analysis of Indoor WLAN Localization Using Location Fingerprint

In this paper, we proposed a novel information-based approach to precision analysis of indoor wireless local area network (WLAN) localization using location fingerprint. First of all, by using the Fisher information matrix (FIM), we derive the fundamental limit of WLAN fingerprint-based localization precision considering different signal distributions in characterizing the variation of received signal strengths (RSSs) in the target environment. After that, we explore the relationship between the localization precision and access point (AP) placement, which can provide valuable suggestions for the design of the highly-precise localization system. Second, we adopt the heuristic simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to optimize the AP locations for the sake of approaching the fundamental limit of localization precision. Finally, the extensive simulations and experiments are conducted in both regular line-of-sight (LOS) and irregular non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments to demonstrate that the proposed approach can not only effectively improve the WLAN fingerprint-based localization precision, but also reduce the time overhead.
Fast modal synthesis by digital waveguide extraction

From a modal synthesis point of view, digital waveguides allow the efficient synthesis of harmonically spaced components for a fixed number of arithmetic operations. They are thus well suited to audio synthesis based on one-dimensional physical models (such as strings or tubes) that possess nearly harmonic spectra. In higher dimensions, however, modal frequencies do not fall in harmonic series. In this letter, we show how digital waveguide structures may be extracted from higher dimensional problems, yielding algorithms more efficient than modal synthesis, with reference to the solution of the two-dimensional wave equation defined over a square region. Numerical results are presented.
Web prefetching with high accuracy and low memory cost

Prefetching algorithms can effectively reduce Web latency and dramatically improve responsiveness of interactive Web application. We propose a new history-based prefetching algorithm that achieves very high prediction accuracy, generates little overhead traffic, and allows users to bound the amount of memory that it uses. We also propose a method to find accurate upper bounds on the performance of any history-based prefetching algorithm.
Verifying Co-observability in Discrete-event Systems using an Incremental Approach

Existing strategies for verifying co-observability, one of the properties that must be satisfied for synthesizing solutions to decentralized supervisory control problems, require the construction of the complete system model. When the system is composed of many subsystems, these monolithic approaches may be impractical due to the state-space explosion problem. To address this issue, we introduce an incremental verification of co-observability approach. Selected subgroups of the system are evaluated individually, until verification of co-observability is complete. The new method is potentially much more efficient than the monolithic approaches, in particular for systems composed of many subsystems, allowing for some intractable state-space explosion problems to be manageable. Properties of this new strategy are presented, along with a corresponding algorithm and an example.
Evolving TXL

TXL is a functional programming language specifically designed for expressing source transformation tasks. Originally designed for the rapid prototyping of modest syntactic enhancements, in recent years it has been extensively used in large scale source code analysis and reengineering applications that are much more challenging. As a result, many common programming techniques needed in these larger scale applications are difficult or impossible to express in TXL. Examples include multi-way decisions, generic rules and functions, polymorphism and information hiding. In this paper we introduce ETXL, an experimental extension of TXL which includes convenient features designed to address these issues. Designed to be a compatible variant that remains faithful to the original TXL syntax and semantics, ETXL has itself been prototyped as a source transformation to original TXL.
Antioxidant therapeutic interventions Systemic antioxidant capacity and antioxidant vitamins

Correspondence: Irfan Rahman Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Lung Biology and Disease, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 850, Rochester, NY 14642, USA Tel +1 585 275 6911 Fax +1 585 506 0239 Email irfan_rahman@urmc.rochester. edu Abstract: Oxidative stress is an important feature in the pathogenesis of COPD. Targeting oxidative stress with antioxidants or boosting the endogenous levels of antioxidants is likely to be beneficial in the treatment of COPD. Antioxidant agents such as thiol molecules (glutathione and mucolytic drugs, such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine and N-acystelyn), dietary polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, green tea, catechins/quercetin), erdosteine, and carbocysteine lysine salt, all have been reported to control nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, regulation of glutathione biosynthesis genes, chromatin remodeling, and hence inflammatory gene expression. Specific spin traps such as α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone, a catalytic antioxidant (ECSOD mimetic), porphyrins (AEOL 10150 and AEOL 10113), and a superoxide dismutase mimetic M40419 have also been reported to inhibit cigarette smokeinduced inflammatory responses in vivo. Since a variety of oxidants, free radicals, and aldehydes are implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, it is possible that therapeutic administration of multiple antioxidants will be effective in the treatment of COPD. Various approaches to enhance lung antioxidant capacity and clinical trials of antioxidant compounds in COPD are discussed.
On the construction of frame length specific LDPC codes for next generation low power communication

In this paper, a new method is proposed for constructing frame length specific LDPC codes which consume low power in encoding and decoding processes. A seed matrix is used and extended to form the parity check matrix having frame lengths divisible by 32 and 64. This method can be used to construct the LDPC codes with frame lengths divisible by even higher power of 2. The memory requirements for encoding and decoding processes of the proposed codes is discussed in this paper. For typical configuration the memory requirements to store the parity check matrix for the encoding and decoding processes are ≤ 1.04% and ≤ 33.33% respectively in comparison to the memory requirements in the traditional encoding and decoding processes. Hence consume low power in their encoding and decoding processes. The different configurations of the proposed codes are simulated and it is found that the codes give desirable error performance over AWGN channel.
Color image quality on the Internet

Color image quality depends on many factors, such as the initial capture system and its color image processing, compression, transmission, the output device, media and associated viewing conditions. In this paper, we are primarily concerned with color image quality in relation to compression and transmission. We review the typical visual artifacts that occur due to high compression ratios and/or transmission errors. We discuss color image quality metrics and present no-reference artifact metrics for blockiness, blurriness, and colorfulness. We show that these metrics are highly correlated with experimental data collected through subjective experiments. We use them for no-reference video quality assessment in different compression and transmission scenarios and again obtain very good results. We conclude by discussing the important effects viewing conditions can have on image quality.
Low Dose Radiation Overcomes Diabetes-induced Suppression of Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Proliferation in Rats

We investigated the effect of low dose radiation on diabetes induced suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rat. After 0.01 Gy, 0.1 Gy, 1 Gy and 10 Gy radiation was delivered, the dentate gyrus of hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were evaluated using immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining. The number of BrdU positive cells in the non-diabetic rats, diabetic rats without radiation, diabetic rats with 0.01 Gy radiation, diabetic rats with 0.1 Gy radiation, diabetic rats with 1 Gy radiation and diabetic rats with 10 Gy radiation were 55.4±8.5/mm2, 33.3±6.4/mm2, 67.7±10.5/mm2, 66.6±10.0/mm2, 23.5±6.3/mm2and 14.3±7.2/mm2, respectively. The number of caspase-3 positive cells was 132.6±37.4/mm2, 378.6±99.1/mm2, 15.0±2.8/mm2, 57.1±16.9/mm2, 191.8±44.8/mm2and 450.4±58.3/mm2, respectively. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was 24.5±2.0/mm2, 21.7±4.0/mm2, 20.4±2.0/mm2, 18.96±2.1/mm2, 58.3±7.9/mm2, and 106.0±9.8/mm2, respectively. These results suggest low doses of radiation paradoxically improved diabetes induced neuronal cell suppression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rat.
Four Common Conceptual Fallacies in Mapping the Time Course of Recognition

Determining the moment at which a visual recognition process is completed, or the order in which various processes come into play, are fundamental steps in any attempt to understand human recognition abilities, or to replicate the corresponding hierarchy of neuronal mechanisms within artificial systems. Common experimental paradigms for addressing these questions involve the measurement and/or comparison of backward-masking (or rapid serial visual presentation) psychometric functions and of physiological EEG/MEG/LFP signals (peak latencies, differential activities, single-trial decoding techniques). I review and illustrate four common mistakes that scientists tend to make when using these paradigms, and explain the conceptual fallacies that motivate their reasoning. First, contrary to collective intuition, presentation times, or stimulus-onset asynchrony masking thresholds cannot be taken to reflect, directly or indirectly, the timing of relevant brain processes. Second, psychophysical or electrophysiological measurements should not be compared without assessing potential physical differences between experimental stimulus sets. Third, such comparisons should not be performed in any manner contingent on subjective responses, so as to avoid response biases. Last, the filtering of electrophysiological signals alters their temporal structure, and thus precludes their interpretation in terms of time course. Practical solutions are proposed to overcome these common mistakes.
Efficiency and Accuracy of Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy for Adult Hip Dysplasia

Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has several advantages dealing with adolescents and adults acetabular dysplasia. The authors introduced the details and steps performing PAO, with attached video and schematic diagram which demonstrates a perfect PAO in efficiency and accuracy. The patient is an 18‐year‐old girl, complaining hip pain on the left side for 6 months. Physical examination shows normal gait and range of motion (ROM) of the left hip. Pelvic anteroposterior X‐ray shows acetabular dysplasia on the left, and post operation on the right. She is very satisfied with the PAO on the right one year before, so we recommend PAO for the left hip dysplasia again. The key point of PAO includes 4 cuts: ischial cut, pubic cut, acetabular roof cut, and quadrilateral bone cut, and the four cuts should be accomplished accurately. Then the acetabular fragment should be turned to ideal position with the lateral CE angle (LCE) > 25°, the Tönnis acetabular angle 0°, the anterior CE angle (ACE) > 20°, good congruence joint space, and with the hip center medialized slightly. At lastly the acetabular fragment is fixed with proper nails and instruments. The patient is very happy to the surgery with no hip pain, with normal gait, ROM, and Harris hip scores (HHS). In summary, PAO is a relative new and efficient procedure for adult hip dysplasia, requiring accurate techniques. Cadaveric practice and familiar with the local anatomy can help the surgeon overcome the learning curve quickly.
Awareness of Employee Stress Response: How Employers Can Mitigate Workplace Burnout and Workplace Depression

Abstract By examining the science behind leadership, management practices and how they relate to social cognitive neuroscience, we can understand how to target the most effective conditions for preventing workplace burnout and workplace depression. This process begins with the ability of managers to recognise and react responsively to create a culture of trust within the organisation, and identify and promote prosocial behaviours to prevent feelings of disengagement and displacement. This review discusses how one’s ability to inspire employees is particularly important, because followers with low self-concepts are drawn to a highly personalised vision. Through the promotion of the brain chemical, oxytocin, the material presents eight building blocks to promote a culture of trust, while mitigating the factors associated with workplace burnout and workplace depression.
Does Grading Standard Dimension of Hotel Rating System Predict Customer Satisfaction? Empirical Evidence from Malawi

The purpose of this paper is to establish the relationship between grading standard as a dimension of hotel rating system and customer satisfaction. 203 hotel guests participated in the study. Survey questionnaires based on a modified performance-only instrument were used to collect data, analysed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 22.0. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to establish the relationships between grading standard and customer satisfaction as latent constructs of the hypothetical model. The underlying factor structure of the manifest variables in the model was established using both unidimensionality test and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The study concluded that grading standard is a predictor of customer satisfaction in star-rated hotels. This study recommends that hotel managers need to pay adequate attention to grading standard dimension of the rating system for it provides an array of features or attributes that the hotel may use to enhance customer satisfaction in order remain competitive and distinguish itself from the competition.
Distributed subscriptions clustering with limited knowledge sharing for content-based publish/subscribe systems

One of the main issues in content-based publish/subscribe (CBPS) systems is how to dynamically determine groups of similar subscriptions to be adopted for exploiting efficient multicast techniques while guaranteeing at the same time the expressiveness of the subscription scheme. In this work, we propose a distributed mechanism which aims at satisfying important requirements of CBPS systems, that are: i) to guarantee the expressiveness of the subscription languages typical of the content-based paradigm, ii) to exploit efficient events dissemination, iii) to maintain the system scalability in terms of nodes and subscriptions, iv) to start an adaptive system reconfiguration despite new incoming subscriptions. One of the main feature of the proposed mechanism is the use of the system state knowledge sharing by system nodes, with the goal of limiting the system overhead in terms of computing, bandwidth and storage resources. Through a set of simulations we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution.
Learning Context-free Grammars

Too much faith should not be put in the powers of induction, even when aided by intelligent heuristics, to discover the right grammar. After all, stupid people learn to talk, but even the brightest apes do not. It seems a miracle that young children easily learn the language of any environment into which they were born. The generative approach to grammar, pioneered by Chomsky, argues that this is only explicable if certain deep, universal features of this competence are innate characteristics of the human brain. Biologically speaking, this hypothesis of an inheritable capability to learn any language means that it must somehow be encoded in the DNA of our chromosomes. Should this hypothesis one day be verified, then linguistics would become a branch of biology. Context-free languages correspond to the second 'easiest' level of the Chomsky hierarchy. They comprise the languages generated by context-free grammars (see Chapter 4). All regular languages are context-free but the converse is not true. Between the languages that are context-free but not regular some 'typical' ones are:-{a n b n : n ≥ 0}. This is the classical textbook language used to show that automata cannot count in an unrestricted way.
Crowdsourcing human-robot interaction

Supporting a wide variety of interaction styles across a diverse set of people is a significant challenge in human-robot interaction (HRI). In this work, we explore a data-driven approach that relies on crowdsourcing as a rich source of interactions that cover a wide repertoire of human behavior. We first develop an online game that requires two players to collaborate to solve a task. One player takes the role of a robot avatar and the other a human avatar, each with a different set of capabilities that must be coordinated to overcome challenges and complete the task. Leveraging the interaction data recorded in the online game, we present a novel technique for data-driven behavior generation using case-based planning for a real robot. We compare the resulting autonomous robot behavior against a Wizard of Oz base case condition in a real-world reproduction of the online game that was conducted at the Boston Museum of Science. Results of a post-study survey of participants indicate that the autonomous robot behavior matched the performance of the human-operated robot in several important measures. We examined video recordings of the real-world game to draw additional insights as to how the novice participants attempted to interact with the robot in a loosely structured collaborative task. We discovered that many of the collaborative interactions were generated in the moment and were driven by interpersonal dynamics, not necessarily by the task design. We explored using bids analysis as a meaningful construct to tap into affective qualities of HRI. An important lesson from this work is that in loosely structured collaborative tasks, robots need to be skillful in handling these in-the-moment interpersonal dynamics, as these dynamics have an important impact on the affective quality of the interaction for people. How such interactions dovetail with more task-oriented policies is an important area for future work, as we anticipate such interactions becoming commonplace in situations where personal robots perform loosely structured tasks in interaction with people in human living spaces.
Evolution of the Preferential Attachment Topology of the Gaian Database

We look at the evolution of a fixed size preferential attachment random graph model which is based on the Gaian database. It is well known that the model starts out scalefree. However, we show that as the graph evolves it loses this scale-free nature and becomes more regular as nodes leave and enter the network. This change in characteristic will impact the performance of queries within a Gaian database network. We show that this happens for a wide variety of related models and the impact of capping the number of connections per node is considered. We present some rigorous results, heuristics and computer simulations.
Prepulse inhibition and acoustic startle response in young healthy Chinese

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) and habituation of the acoustic startle response (ASR) are considered to be effective neurobiological measures of sensorimotor gating and information processing. The deficit of PPI and habituation of ASR has been proposed to be candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, there has been little information on PPI and ASR measures in Chinese. The present study aimed to provide more information about the characteristics of PPI and ASR in young healthy Chinese and investigate their sensitivity to experimental parameters and characteristics of population. In this study, we examined the PPI and habituation of ASR in 41 young healthy adults (21 males and 20 females), using an acoustic startle stimulus of 115 dB and a prepulse of 75 dB at a lead interval (LI) of 60 ms and 120 ms, respectively. The behavioral performance demonstrated that the PPI and habituation of ASR in all the young participants were robust. The significant difference was not observed in PPI and habituation between male and female. The block effect on PPI was significant; PPI reduces with increasing training. Latency facilitation was observed under prepulse conditions, with a significant effect of LI. Compared to previous studies in Caucasians, Chinese in this study shows a higher habituation and PPI. In conclusion, this research provides more data of behavioral characteristics of PPI and ASR in young healthy Chinese. Chinese in this study shows a higher habituation and PPI than Caucasians in previous studies.
Community Participation, Dengue Fever Prevention and Control Practices in Swat, Pakistan

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the role of community participation in prevention of dengue fever in The Swat district located in the Northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, which experienced a dengue fever outbreak in August, 2013. A total number of 8,963 dengue cases with 0.4% case fatality ratio were registered during the outbreak. Methods: A sample size of 354 respondents were proportionally allocated to each residential colony and then randomly selected. The association of independent variable (Community participation) and dependent variable (practices for control) were tested by using Chi Square test. Results: Results regarding perception of practices for dengue control with community participation showed that: practices for control had significant association with organization of people to eradicate dengue mosquitoes (p=0.00), community leaders (p=0.04), community efforts (p≤0.01), use of insecticides by community people (p=0.00) and involvement of community people in awareness campaign (p=0.00). Similarly, significant associations were found between practices for control and community shared information during dengue outbreak (p=0.00), community link with health department, NGO, Other agencies (p=0.02). Conclusion and Global Health Implications: We conclude that the spread of dengue epidemic was aided by the ignorance, laziness of the community people and government agencies. However, the people, religious scholars, leaders and government agencies were not organized to participate in dengue prevention and eradication, hence, the chances of dengue infection increased in community. The study recommends mobilizing local communities and activating local leadership with active participation of Government and non-government organizations for initiation of preventive strategies.