Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of quality of life in children with peanut allergy

Children with a peanut allergy (PA) are faced with food and social restrictions due to the potentially life‐threatening nature of their disease, for which there is no cure or treatment. This inevitably impacts upon their quality of life (QoL). QoL of 20 children with PA and 20 children with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was measured using two disease‐specific QoL questionnaires (higher scores correspond to a poorer QoL). One questionnaire was designed by us and the other was adapted from the Vespid Allergy QoL questionnaire. We gave subjects cameras to record how their QoL is affected over a 24‐h period. Response rates for both questionnaires were 100%. Mean ages were 9.0 and 10.4 years for PA and IDDM subjects, respectively. Children with a PA reported a poorer quality of life than children with IDDM: mean scores were 54.85 for PA subjects and 46.40 for diabetics (p = 0.004) in questionnaire 1 and 54.30 and 34.50 (p≤0.001) in questionnaire 2. PA children reported more fear of an adverse event and more anxiety about eating, especially when eating away from home. Photographs fell into seven common categories: food, management, environment, away from home, physical activities, restaurant and people. Most photographs related to food and management issues and revealed difficulties for both groups regarding food restrictions. PA subjects felt more threatened by potential hazards within their environment, felt more restricted by their PA regarding physical activities, and worried more about being away from home. However, they felt safe when carrying epinephrine kits and were positive about eating at familiar restaurants. The QoL in children with PA is more impaired than in children with IDDM. Their anxiety may be considered useful in some situations, promoting better adherence to allergen avoidance advice and rescue plans.
The effects of secondary mineral formation on Coe‐type paleointensity determinations: Theory and simulation

Thellier‐type experiments are the most widely applied approaches for determining the absolute paleointensities of Earth's magnetic field. One major problem, however, is that specimens are prone to thermal alteration due to the intensive thermal treatment during experiments. Linear Arai plots with acceptable partial thermal remanent magnetization (pTRM) checks have been considered as evidence for the absence of or negligible effects of thermal alteration and as reliable indicators of high‐quality paleointensity estimates. However, by simulating the Coe variant of the Thellier method on assemblages of single domain (SD) magnetite particles, it is demonstrated that new magnetic minerals, which form during thermal treatments, can result in linear, concave‐up, or concave‐down Arai plots depending on the magnetic properties of both the primary and secondary magnetic phases. Among this range of behavior, pseudoideal Arai plots, which are linear with acceptable pTRM check statistics, would lead to paleointensity underestimates. It is further demonstrated that pTRM checks are proportional to the degree of underestimate with a magnetic granulometry dependency for SD particles. Due to the complexity of this dependency, pTRM check statistics are only comparable when specimens have similar magnetic properties. This suggests that a universal threshold for pTRM check statistics is not likely to be effective. Since the criteria of linearity and low pTRM check statistics are insufficient to guarantee the fidelity of the estimates auxiliary rock magnetic methods such as temperature‐dependent hysteresis parameters and anhysteretic remanent magnetization are highly recommended to identify the presence of alteration.
Simulations of the redistribution of formaldehyde, formic acid, and peroxides in the 10 July 1996 Stratospheric‐Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone deep convection storm

[1] By using a three-dimensional convective cloud model to simulate the 10 July 1996, Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone-Deep Convection experiment storm, we investigate the fate of formaldehyde (CH2O), formic acid (HCOOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH3OOH) in an isolated thunderstorm. CH2O, H2O2, and CH3OOH are important HOx radical and ozone (O3) precursors in the upper troposphere. Thus, determining their source strength to the upper troposphere is important for estimating O3 production. The model simulates O3-NOx-CH4 chemistry (no nonmethane hydrocarbon chemistry) which is affected by the cloud microphysics and production of NOx by lightning. The retention of the soluble species within ice, snow, and hail during drop freezing results in less transport of the species to the upper troposphere than when the species is degassed during drop-freezing processes. Aqueous-phase chemistry is found to be inadequate in producing sufficient quantities of HCOOH so that HCOOH could serve as a reliable indicator of cloud-processed air. The production of nitrogen oxides by lightning has little to no effect on convective outflow mixing ratios of CH2O, H2O2, and CH3OOH within 100 km of the convective cores. Thus, it is unlikely that lightning affects concentrations of HOx precursors near active convection. Scavenging of CH2O and H2O2 significantly affects their concentrations in the convective outflow, although H2O2 mixing ratios were still similar to CH3OOH indicating that both peroxides can contribute equally to O3 production downwind of convection.
and egress peripheral blood within minutes after cessation of steady state exercise: A detailed temporal analysis of leukocyte extravasation

: Acute exercise evokes an almost instantaneous lymphocytosis, followed by sustained lymphopenia that occurs within just 30-60 minutes after exercise cessation. The aim of this study was to characterize the immediate (order of minutes) post-exercise kinetics of lymphocyte and monocyte egress, and to determine whether this egress is associated with heart rate recovery following a single bout of steady state dynamic exercise. Eleven healthy subjects cycled for 30-minutes at ~70% of their estimated peak power. Blood samples were collected from an intravenous catheter before exercise, during exercise (E) at +15 and +30 minutes, and during passive recovery (R) at exactly +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 and +10 minutes after exercise cessation. Complete blood counts and flow cytometry were used to enumerate total monocytes, lymphocytes: CD3+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, NK-cells and  T-cells in whole blood. Both lymphocytes and monocytes displayed rapid egress kinetics, by R+3 the total numbers of all cell types examined were significantly lower than E+30. NK-cells egressed more rapidly than other lymphocyte subtypes, followed by CD8+,  , and then CD4+ T-cells. Further, the egress of NK-cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cells positively correlated with heart rate recovery after exercise cessation. In conclusion, lymphocyte and monocyte egress is rapid and occurs within minutes of exercise recovery, underscoring both the importance of collection time for post exercise blood samples, and the use of intravenous catheters to capture peak cell mobilization. The rate of egress may be dependent on how quickly hemodynamic equilibrium is restored on cessation of exercise and is, therefore, likely to be influenced by individual The aim of this study was to characterize the early (order of minutes) egress kinetics of blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and their subtypes during the immediate recovery phase following a single bout of steady state aerobic exercise. We hypothesized that lymphocytes and monocytes would egress the blood compartment immediately upon exercise cessation, resulting in circulating numbers falling below peak exercise values within just 5 minutes of passive recovery. We further hypothesized that the most rapid egress rate within the lymphocytes would be exhibited by NK-cells, followed by  T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, and then CD4+ T-cells. Finally, we hypothesized that the rate of lymphocyte egress from the peripheral circulation would be positively correlated with heart rate recovery following exercise and lymphocytes over time as a main effect. Separate models were developed to evaluate all leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets present in the peripheral blood over time (resting, E+15, E+30, R+1, R+2, R+3, R+4, R+5 and R+10), as well as to assess the percentage difference from E+30 values at all recovery time points (R+1 to R+10). Bonferroni corrected, post hoc comparisons were used to determine which exercise recovery time points
Processes affecting transfer of sediment and colloids, with associated phosphorus, from intensively farmed grasslands: a critical note on modelling of phosphorus transfers

Received 11 October 2006 Accepted 11 October 2006 In this commentary we are concerned with mathematical models of phosphorus transfers from agricultural land, particularly intensive grassland, to receiving waters (Haygarth et al., 2006). We believe that the complexity of this problem requires an initially wide discussion of possible modelling concepts and the associated benefits or problems with these approaches. Hence we are reluctant to break the phosphorus-modelling problem down to smaller scales or detailed levels of complexity, e.g. sediments/colloids, which is the main concern of previous papers in this series of commentaries. However, many aspects of the following discussion could be applied equally to sub-elements of the phosphorus-modelling problem as well as wider environmental modelling applications. Two objectives justify the building of mathematical phosphorus transfer models: (1) they formalize our knowledge about the system under study and in this way they act as vehicles for testing our understanding of phosphorus transfers; and (2) they may allow quantitative predictions under changing and complex environmental conditions. In the light of international legislation such as the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), it is increasingly important to predict the impacts of land management practises and measures for mitigating diffuse pollution. This, however, requires a confidence in the process formulation (be it empirically or physically-based) and a predictive capability of models, which may not be justified in many cases, especially where there are limited observational data available to develop, test and drive model assumptions. In the previous papers of this series of commentaries, we learned that our perceptual understanding of phosphorus, sediment and colloid transfers from intensive grasslands is far from perfect (Bilotta et al., 2007; Gimbert et al., 2007; Granger et al., 2007; Haygarth et al., 2006). However, this perceptual understanding is (and will always be) better than our translation of these perceptions into conceptual and, finally, procedural models.1 Two main approaches to modelling the phosphorus transfer problem can be identified from the literature: (1) empirical phosphorus export models to calculate annual or seasonal loads (this includes empirical risk assessment techniques); and (2) process-orientated phosphorus models to simulate storm dynamics. This includes conceptual and physically-based models2 (Table I). In the following sections, we highlight a few critical points regarding these approaches and, finally,
A continuous multimillennial ring-width chronology in Yamal, northwestern Siberia

Remains of subfossil Siberian larch trees in the Holocene deposits of the Yamal Peninsula (Western Siberia) have been collected in order to develop a continuous, multimillennium tree-ring-width chronology. This work has produced a calendar-age dated 4000-year (2000 bc to ad 1996) series. From these data, summer-temperature variability in this region has been estimated on annual to multidecadal timescales. Radiocarbon dating of selected older material shows that the oldest subfossil wood is 9400 years old and the dates of the sampled material are generally distributed evenly through time. It will, therefore, be possible to develop a tree-ring chronology for more than nine millennia. An initial assessment of long-term ‘ uctuations in Yamal summer warmth has been realized through the reconstruction of tree-line dynamics using a combination of dendrochronological (absolute) dated material and less precisely (radiocarbon) dated older subfossils.
HDL-Chitosan Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery as an SR-B1 Receptor Targeted System

Aims High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is a complex structure unique to the human body. ApoA-1 protein is a significant structural/functional protein of HDL and provides a natural interaction with the SR-B1 receptors on the cell membrane. The overexpression of the SR-B1 receptor in the membrane of malignant cells suggests that targeting cancer cells can be possible using HDL. The objective of this study was to prepare HDL-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles containing a genetic material that can be used for liver cancer. Methods HDL used in the preparation of the formulations have been obtained by isolating from blood samples taken from healthy volunteers. Bcl-2 siRNA inhibiting BCL-2 oncogene was selected as the genetic material. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method utilizing low molecular weight chitosan. Physicochemical properties of formulations, transfection efficacy, and cytotoxicity of them on 3T3 and HepG2 cell lines were examined. Results The average diameters of the selected formulations were below 250 nm with a positive zeta potential value between +36 ± 0.1 and +34 ± 0.5 mV. All formulations protected Bcl-2 siRNA from enzymatic degradation in the presence of serum. Cellular uptake ratios of particles by HepG2 cells were found to be between 76% and 98%. HDL/chitosan nanoparticles/Bcl-2 siRNA complex was found to be more toxic when compared to chitosan nanoparticles/Bcl-2 siRNA complex and naked Bcl-2 siRNA. Conclusion According to attained results, the HDL-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles can bring advantages for targeted siRNA delivery to malignant cells that overexpress SR-B1 receptors, such as HepG2.
JAK2 activating mutation is associated with the myeloproliferative type of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia

JAK2V617F activating mutation is associated with the myeloproliferative type of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia / Pich A; Riera L; Sismondi F; Godio L; Davico Bonino L; Marmont F; Francia di Celle P. In: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY. ISSN 0021-9746. STAMPA. 62(2009), pp. 798-801. Original Citation: JAK2V617F activating mutation is associated with the myeloproliferative type of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Passive potassium transport in LK sheep red cells. Modification by N- ethyl maleimide

Passive K transport, as modified by N-ethyl maleimide (NEM), was studied in erythrocytes of the low-K (LK) phenotype of sheep. Brief (5- min) treatment with NEM at less than 0.5 mM caused inhibition of passive K influx; NEM at concentrations greater than 0.5 mM caused stimulation of K influx. NEM had similar effects on K efflux. The treatments with NEM did not affect cell volumes (passive K transport in LK cells is sensitive to changes in cell volume). The stimulation of K transport by high [NEM] was also not a consequence of an effect on the metabolic state of the cells. Passive K transport in LK cells is dependent on Cl (it is inhibited in Cl-free media; it may be K/Cl cotransport). NEM had no effect on K influx in Cl-free (NO3- substituted) media. Pretreatment of the cells with anti-L antiserum (L antigen is found on LK cells and not on HK cells) prevented stimulation of K influx by NEM, but did not prevent inhibition. Therefore, NEM modifies the Cl-dependent K transport pathway at two separate sites, a low-affinity site, at which it stimulates, and a high-affinity site, at which it inhibits. Anti-L antibody prevents NEM's action, but only at the low-affinity site.
The Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian and Valanginian) in NW Germany

Abstract The non-marine sedimentary successions of the Berriasian and lower Valanginian of NW Germany are described. The stratigraphical distribution of ostracods allow this interval to be subdivided into 10 biozones, which can be used for regional correlation in the central part of the NW German Basin. Three ostracod taxa ( Fabanella ansata, Cypridea alta formosa and Pachycytheridea compacta ) can be used for interregional correlation between Germany, Denmark, France and England. The middle part of the Katzberg Member, which yields F. ansata , allows correlation with the Lower Purbeck of S England, the Paris Basin, and the Boulonnais. The first occurrence of this species can be used to define the Portland/Purbeck boundary. Fluctuations in the taxonomic content of ostracod assemblages reflect changes in salinity. Brackish conditions dominated deposition during the earliest Berriasian (Munder Formation) and earliest Valanginian (Osterwald Member). Sediments of the late Berriasian Obernkirchen Member were deposited under freshwater conditions. A short-lived marine transgression marked the mid Berriasian (base Wealden 4). The Platylenticeras Beds of mid-Valanginian age indicate a return to fully marine conditions.
The yak, an essential element of the high altitude regions of Central Asia

The yak is critical for the life and economic activity of the people on the vast and inhospitable Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and on the surrounding mountainous areas. This article gives an overview of the domestication, the geographical distribution, the herding practices, the production and the products of the yak. Its breeding and hybridization management, as well as its reproduction and its special adaptation attributes are reviewed. Concluding thoughts about the role of the research and the role of social changes - driven from within or imposed from above - on the future of yak production systems are outlined.
HUMAN IMMUNITY TO THE MENINGOCOCCUS I. THE ROLE OF HUMORAL ANTIBODIES BY IRVING GOLDSCHNEIDER,

Meningococcemia and meningococcal meningitis in man appear to be infrequent complications of the host-parasite relationship. Ordinarily, exposure to a strain of Neisseria mertingitidis results in carriage of the organism in the nasopharynx for weeks or months (1--4), producing either a mild pharyngitis or no symptoms at all (5, 6). Even during an epidemic, the great majority of individuals exposed to the epidemic strain of meningococcus become asymptomatic carriers rather than clinical cases with systemic disease (7). Viewed in this light, the occurrence of meningococcal disease is related more to the unique susceptibility of the individual host than to the innate virulence of the infecting organism. Several epidemiol0gical findings suggest that individuals who are susceptible to systemic meningococcal disease lack humoral antibodies to meningococci. First, except for outbreaks among military recruits (8, 9) and other dosed populations (10), meningococcal meningitis is a disease of infancy and early childhood (11, 12). This is true both in epidemic and interepidemic periods. Susceptibility to many so-called "diseases of childhood," bacterial and viral, has been shown to be associated with deficient levels of circulating antibodies to the infecting microbe (13). Second, the cyclical occurrence of epidemic meningococcal disease in the United States at approximately 10 yr intervals (14) suggests that the disease depends for its expression on the presence of an immunologically virgin population. Third, meningococcemia seems to confer permanent immunity to future attacks of systemic meningococcal disease, although this is difficult to test statistically (10, 15). Convalescent sera from such cases have elevated levels of precipitating, agglutinating, complement-fixing, opsonizing, bactericidal, and mouse-protective antibodies to the infecting meningococcus (16-18). The absence of a suitable animal model for the experimental study of meningococcemia and meningococcal meningitis has impeded the evaluation of the host-parasite relationship. Antibodies to meningococcl have been found to be present normaUy in blood from mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee, horse, and ox (19). 1 It is possible that these antibodies are responsi-
Dynamic superresolution by Bayesian nonparametric image processing

Assessing dynamic processes at single molecule scales is key toward capturing life at the level of its molecular actors. Widefield superresolution methods, such as STORM, PALM, and PAINT, provide nanoscale localization accuracy, even when distances between fluorescently labeled single molecules (“emitters”) fall below light’s diffraction limit. However, as these superresolution methods rely on rare photophysical events to distinguish emitters from both each other and background, they are largely limited to static samples. In contrast, here we leverage spatiotemporal correlations of dynamic widefield imaging data to extend superresolution to simultaneous multiple emitter tracking without relying on photodynamics even as emitter distances from one another fall below their diffraction limit. We simultaneously determine emitter numbers and their tracks (localization and linking) with the same localization accuracy per frame in regimes where widefield superresolution does for immobilized emitters ( ≈ 50 nm). We demonstrate our results for both in cellulo data and, for benchmarking purposes, on synthetic data. To this end, we avoid the existing tracking paradigm relying on completely or partially separating the tasks of emitter number determination, localization of each emitter, and linking emitter positions across frames. Instead, we develop a fully joint posterior distribution over the quantities of interest, including emitter tracks and their total, otherwise unknown, number within the Bayesian nonparametric paradigm. Our posterior quantifies the full uncertainty over emitter numbers and their associated tracks propagated from origins including shot and camera artefact, pixelation, stochastic background, and out-of-focus motion. It remains accurate in more crowded regimes where alternative tracking tools do not apply.