Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cities, Automation, and the Self-parking Elephant in the Room

Over the next 25 years, automated vehicles could fundamentally alter not just how people travel, but where they choose to live and how cities form and grow. These changes and uncertainty about their timing, scale, and nature present substantial challenges for the city planners, traffic engineers, and other public officials who need to make regulatory and investment decisions that will coincide with the shift from humanto computer-driven vehicles. For example, today’s decision to invest in a new rail line will likely require five-to-ten years of planning and construction and have a service life of another 30-to-50 years. Over this same period, self-driving buses and cars may have substantially changed the underlying nature of the demand for, and provision of, public transportation. Similarly, today’s justification for a highway investment or road widening may look out of touch, given expectations about how vehicle automation could increase the number and speed of vehicles that can move on each highway lane. In this essay, we summarize some of the technological and behavioral uncertainties that limit our ability to predict when and how vehicle automation will affect cities. We then present a simple framework for planning under the uncertain conditions presented by autonomous vehicles, and conclude with a discussion of parking policy. Whether automated vehicles lead to revolution in shared mobility, or a substantial increase in singleor even zero-occupancy car travel, the relationship between parking and shops, housing, and offices will change. Parking policy is also one of the few areas of the transportation system where local municipalities have much direct control. Most importantly, there is already a strong case for parking reform in the absence of automated vehicles.
Cluster-based architecture relying on Optical Integrated Networks with the provision of a low-latency arbiter

State-of-art Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoC) struggle to respect the increasing requirements of high performance interconnects for high throughput communications. Optical integrated Networks (OIN) represent currently one of the most promising paradigms for the design of such next generation MPSoC. They provide increased bandwidth and better reaction to electromagnetic noise while decreasing latency and power consumption. In this paper we propose a new cluster-based architecture, the Hybrid Torus MPSoC (HTM). We propose also a low-latency arbiter allowing to exploit the full potential of the HTM architecture. Our experiments, based on FPGA prototyping and simulation, show the efficiency of the proposed architecture.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems ( PACIS ) PACIS 2009 Proceedings Association for Information Systems Year 2009 ANTECEDENTS OF CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS IN OPEN PROFESSIONAL VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES

As with organizational development, citizenship behavior should be central to the development and success of open professional virtual communities. An increasing literature emphasizes on predicting knowledge contribution behaviors in virtual communities (VC) from the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation or benefit perspectives. In line with the consumer behavior literature that distinguishes between hedonic and utilitarian shopping values, we classify these motivations or benefits of knowledge sharing into either hedonic or utilitarian. We propose and test a theoretical model in which hedonic value and utilitarian value are operationalized as formative second-order constructs and examine their effects on members’ satisfaction with sharing knowledge and citizenship behaviors in an open professional VC. Data collected from 428 members of one VC provide support for the proposed model. The results help understanding how utilitarian value and hedonic value differ in their relationships with satisfaction and VCCB of knowledge contributors. Implications for theory and practice and limitations are discussed.
The quest for error correction in biology

The goal of this article is to give a brief account of the recent developments in codes and biology. With the increasing understanding of biology and with the advancement of sequencing technology, the whole human genome is stretched out before us. There is a need to look again with these new information for the applications of coding and information theory to biology. This paper focuses on the existence of error correction in biological information processing.
Traversing Metaphoric Boundaries between Schools and their Communities: An Ethnographic Study of a Rural School

Abstract Literature shows that spanning metaphoric boundaries between schools and their communities benefits both the schools and the communities. Improved learner performance and community development have been argued to be key benefits of bridging the gap between schools and their communities. However, it is believed that in the rural areas of South Africa, establishing a school-community partnership is not easy. For this reason, literature on successful school-community relations within the rural context remains at the periphery. Therefore, this paper reports and discusses the findings of an ethnographic study research conducted in one rural secondary school in the KwaZulu-Natal province. Semi-structured interviews with the school principal, heads of departments, teachers and a group of parents were conducted. The findings reveal that leadership that is boundary spanning and guided by a clear vision is critical in the attempts to traverse boundaries between schools and their communities.
Antecedent moisture and temperature conditions modulate the response of ecosystem respiration to elevated CO2 and warming

Terrestrial plant and soil respiration, or ecosystem respiration (Reco), represents a major CO2 flux in the global carbon cycle. However, there is disagreement in how Reco will respond to future global changes, such as elevated atmosphere CO2 and warming. To address this, we synthesized six years (2007–2012) of Reco data from the Prairie Heating And CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment. We applied a semi‐mechanistic temperature–response model to simultaneously evaluate the response of Reco to three treatment factors (elevated CO2, warming, and soil water manipulation) and their interactions with antecedent soil conditions [e.g., past soil water content (SWC) and temperature (SoilT)] and aboveground factors (e.g., vapor pressure deficit, photosynthetically active radiation, vegetation greenness). The model fits the observed Reco well (R2 = 0.77). We applied the model to estimate annual (March–October) Reco, which was stimulated under elevated CO2 in most years, likely due to the indirect effect of elevated CO2 on SWC. When aggregated from 2007 to 2012, total six‐year Reco was stimulated by elevated CO2 singly (24%) or in combination with warming (28%). Warming had little effect on annual Reco under ambient CO2, but stimulated it under elevated CO2 (32% across all years) when precipitation was high (e.g., 44% in 2009, a ‘wet’ year). Treatment‐level differences in Reco can be partly attributed to the effects of antecedent SoilT and vegetation greenness on the apparent temperature sensitivity of Reco and to the effects of antecedent and current SWC and vegetation activity (greenness modulated by VPD) on Reco base rates. Thus, this study indicates that the incorporation of both antecedent environmental conditions and aboveground vegetation activity are critical to predicting Reco at multiple timescales (subdaily to annual) and under a future climate of elevated CO2 and warming.
Fusing Visual and Clinical Information for Lung Tissue Classification in HRCT Data

In this paper, we investigate the influence of the clinical context of high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of the chest on tissue classification. 2D regions of interest (ROI) in HRCT axial slices from patients affected with an interstitial lung disease (ILD) are automatically classified into five classes of lung tissue. Relevance of the clinical parameters is studied before fusing them with visual attributes. Two multimedia fusion techniques are compared: early versus late fusion. Early fusion concatenates features in one single vector, yielding a true multimedia feature space. Late fusion consisting of the combination of the probability outputs of two support vector machines (SVM) allowed a maximum of 84% correct predictions of testing instances among the five classes of lung tissue. This represents a significant improvement of 10% compared to a pure visual‐based classification. Moreover, the late fusion scheme showed high robustness to the number of clinical parameters used, which suggests that it is appropriate for mining clinical attributes with missing values in clinical routine.
Prospective Study of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Types, HPV Persistence, and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix

Background: The link between squamous cell cervical carcinoma and human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 is well established, but the magnitude of the risk association is uncertain and the importance of other high-risk HPV (HRHPV) types is unclear. Methods: In two prospective nested case-control series among women participating in cytologic screening in Sweden, we collected 2,772 cervical smears from 515 women with cancer in situ (CIS), 315 with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and individually matched controls. All smears were tested for HPV with PCR assays, and the median follow-up until diagnosis was 5 to 7 years. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The presence of HPV16/18 in the first smear was associated with 8.5-fold (95% CI, 5.3-13.7) and 18.6-fold (95% CI, 9.0-38.9) increased risks of CIS and SCC, respectively, compared with women negative for HPV. Infection with other HRHPV types in the first smear was also associated with significantly increased risks for both CIS and SCC. Persistence of HPV16 infection conferred a RR of 18.5 (95% CI, 6.5-52.9) for CIS and 19.5 (95% CI, 4.7-81.7) for SCC. The HPV16/18 attributable risk proportion was estimated at 30% to 50% for CIS, and 41% to 47% for SCC. Other HRHPV types also conferred significant proportions. Conclusions: Our large population-based study provides quantification of risks for different HPV types and prospective evidence that non-16/18 HRHPV types increase the risk for future cervical cancer. Impact: This study gives further insights into cervical cancer risk stratification with implications for HPV-based prevention strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(10); 2469–78. ©2010 AACR.
’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Initiating organizational memories using ontology network analysis Conference Item

Oneof theimportantproblemsin organizationalmemories is their initial set-up.It is difficult to choosethe right information to includein an organizationalmemory, andthe right information is alsoaprerequisitefor maximizingtheuptakeandrelevanceof thememorycontent.To tacklethis problem,mostdevelopersadopt heavy-weightsolutionsandrely on a faithful continuous interaction with usersto createand improve its content.In this paper , we exploretheuseof anautomatic,light-weightsolution,drawn from the underlyingingredientsof anorganizationalmemory:ontologies.We have developedan ontology-basednetwork analysismethodwhich weappliedto tackletheproblemof identifyingcommunitiesof practice in an organization.We useontology-basednetwork analysisas a meansto provide contentautomaticallyfor the initial set-upof an organizationalmemory.
Mechanisms of Cardiac Nerve Sprouting After Myocardial Infarction in Dogs

Cardiac nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyperinnervation after myocardial infarction (MI) both contribute to arrhythmogenesis and sudden death. However, the mechanisms responsible for nerve sprouting after MI are unclear. The expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), growth associated protein 43 (GAP43), and other nerve markers were studied at the infarcted site, the noninfarcted left ventricle free wall (LVFW), and the left stellate ganglion (LSG) at several time points (30 minutes to 1 month) after MI. Transcardiac (difference between coronary sinus and aorta) NGF levels were also assayed. Acute MI resulted in the immediate elevation of the transcardiac NGF concentration within 3.5 hours after MI, followed by the upregulation of cardiac NGF and GAP43 expression, which was earlier and more pronounced at the infarcted site than the noninfarcted LVFW. However, cardiac nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyperinnervation were more pronounced in the noninfarcted than the infarcted LVFW site and peaked at 1 week after MI. The NGF and GAP43 protein levels significantly increased in the LSG from 3 days (P <0.01 for all) after MI, without a concomitant increase in mRNA. There was persistent elevation of NGF levels in aorta and coronary sinus within 1 month after MI. We conclude MI results in immediate local NGF release, followed by upregulation of NGF and GAP43 expression at the infarcted site. NGF and GAP43 are transported retrogradely to LSG, which triggers nerve sprouting at the noninfarcted LVFW. A rapid and persistent upregulation of NGF and GAP43 expression at the infarcted site underlies the mechanisms of cardiac nerve sprouting after MI.
Efficient Domain-Specific Information Integration in Nexus

In this paper, we present the Nexus approach to efficient domain-specific integration of many loosely coupled data sources. A so called information maximizing mediation middleware (IMMM) has to cope with large data volumes and many queries, and at the same time achieve a tight semantic integration for the data instances. For efficiency and practicability reasons, we propose to use an extensible global schema and a limited domain-specific query language. This facilitates employing domain-specific semantic knowledge in the middleware: detect duplicates, merge multiple representations, aggregate and generalize information. Finally, we present a working prototype tailored to the domain of context-aware applications.
Grammarless Extraction of Phrasal Translation Examples from Parallel Texts

We describe a method for identifying subsentential phrasal translation examples in sentencealigned parallel corpora, using only a probabilistic translation lexicon for the language pair. Our method differs from previous approaches in that (1) it is founded on a formal basis, making use of an inversion transduction grammar (ITG) formalism that we recently developed for bilingual language modeling, and (2) it requires no language-specific monolingual grammars for the source and target languages. Instead, we devise a generic, language-independent constituent-matching ITG with inherent expressiveness properties that correspond to a desirable level of matching flexibility. Bilingual parsing, in conjunction with a stochastic version of the ITG formalism, performs the phrasal translation extraction.
Automatic screening of polycystic kidney disease in x-ray CT images of laboratory mice

This paper describes the application of a statistical-based deformable model algorithm to the segmentation of kidneys in x-ray computed tomography (CT) images of laboratory mice. This segmentation algorithm has been developed as the crucial first step in a process to automatically screen mice for genetically-induced polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The algorithm is based on active shape models (ASMs) initially developed by Cootes, et al. Once the segmentation is complete, texture measurements are applied within kidney boundaries to detect the presence of PKD. The challenges associated with the segmentation of mouse kidneys (non-rigid organs) are presented, and the motivation for using ASMs in this application is discussed. Also, improvements were made to published ASM methods that may be generally helpful in other segmentation applications. In 15 of the 18 cases tested, the mouse kidneys and spine were detected with only minor errors in boundary position. In the remaining three cases, small parts of the kidneys were missed and/or some extra abdominal tissue was inadvertently included by the boundary. In all 18 cases, however, the kidneys were successfully detected at a level where PKD could be automatically screened for using mean-of-local-variance (MOLV) texture measurements. © (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Strong Pyroxene Absorption Bands on Mars Identified by OMEGA: Geological Counterpart

COUNTERPART. A. Gendrin, J.-P. Bibring, J. Mustard, L. Kanner, N. Mangold, B. Gondet, Y. Langevin, F. Poulet, D. Baratoux, C. Sotin, S. Le Mouelic, IAS, bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Campus, France (aline.gendrin@ias.fr), IDES, 91405 Orsay Campus, France, Department of Geological Science, Brown University, Providence RI, 02912, USA, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Dynamique Terrestre et Planétaire, UMR 5562, Toulouse, France, Planétologie, Université de Nantes, France.
In: Lifelong Engagement with Music Music and Neural Plasticity

This chapter reviews material on the effects of music training on the brain. The review is framed within the broader theoretical context of neuroplasticity and experience, as well as the relationship between behaviour and brain structure and function. It presents a comprehensive account of studies that have investigated differences in the brains and behaviour of musicians compared with non-musicians, with an emphasis on variables that may moderate the relationship between music training and neuroplastic change. Evidence for a causal relationship between music training and changes in the brain is provided in the context of longitudinal studies of training-induced plasticity in novice musicians. Training effects in both healthy children and adults and in patients with neurological disorders are also discussed.
Embodied Language: A Review of the Role of the Motor System in Language Comprehension

A growing body of research suggests that comprehending verbal descriptions of actions relies on an internal simulation of the described action. To assess this motor resonance account of language comprehension, we first review recent developments in the literature on perception and action, with a view towards language processing. We then examine studies of language processing from an action simulation perspective. We conclude by discussing several criteria that might be helpful with regard to assessing the role of motor resonance during language comprehension.
Scalable video coding over RTP and MPEG-2 transport stream in broadcast and IPTV channels

The ITU-T and ISO/IEC standard for scalable video coding was recently finalized. SVC allows for scalability of the video bitstream in the temporal, spatial, or fidelity domain, or any combination of those. Video scalability may be used for different purposes, such as saving bandwidth when the same media content is required to be sent simultaneously on a broadcast medium at different resolutions to support heterogeneous devices, when unequal error protection shall be used for coverage extension in wireless broadcasting, as well as for rate shaping in IPTV environments. Furthermore, it may also be useful in layered multicast transmission over the Internet or peer-to-peer networks, or in any transmission scenario where prioritized transmission for network flows is meaningful. In order to make usage of SVC in the aforementioned use cases, standards for defining the transport format and procedure are required. Therefore, we give a detailed overview of the recently finished SVC standards on transport over IP/RTP and the MPEG-2 transport stream. Both standards are important for IPTV and video on demand, where the first is important for SVC transport over mobile broadcast/multicast channels, and the latter is also important for SVC transport over traditional digital broadcast channels.
Utility Enhancement by Game Theoretic Approach Using Square Grid Topology in WSN

Power control in wireless sensor networks is vital to maintain reliable communication links and to maximize the battery life. Transmitting at high power not only reduces the lifetime of the nodes and that of the network, but it also introduces excessive interference. Hence it is essential for each node to transmit at minimal transmit power, thereby reducing interference and maintaining network connectivity. This paper analyses a game theoretic model taking into consideration the residual energy of the nodes in a homogenous wireless sensor network considering random and square topology. The utility function of nodes that minimizes power consumption is analysed and the existence of Nash Equilibrium is studied. Simulation results show that, power consumption is reduced and throughput is maintained when square topology is considered.
NaDiR: Naive Distributional Response Generation

This paper describes NaDiR (Naive DIstributional Response generation), a corpus-based system that, from a set of word stimuli as an input, generates a response word relying on association strength and distributional similarity. NaDiR participated in the CogALex 2014 shared task on multiword associations (restricted systems track), operationalizing the task as a ranking problem: candidate words from a large vocabulary are ranked by their average association or similarity to a given set of stimuli. We also report on a number of experiments conducted on the shared task data, comparing first-order models (based on co-occurrence and statistical association) to second-order models (based on distributional similarity).
Direct evidence for catalase as the predominant H2O2 -removing enzyme in human erythrocytes.

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) at physiological levels was studied in human erythrocytes by means of a recently developed sensitive H2O2 assay. The exponential decay of H2O2 in the presence of purified erythrocyte catalase was followed down to 10(-9) mol/L H2O2 at pH 7.4. H2O2 decomposition by purified erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPO) could be directly observed down to 10(-7) mol/L H2O2 . No enzyme inhibition was observed at these low H2O2 concentrations. Catalase and GPO activities can be determined separately in a titrated mixture of purified enzymes, which simulates the conditions of H2O2 removal by the erythrocyte. Experiments with fresh human hemolysate allowed us to determine H2O2 decomposition by catalase and GPO using these enzymes in their original quantitative ratio. The different kinetics of these enzymes are shown: H2O2 decomposition by catalase depends linearly on H2O2 concentration, whereas that by GPO becomes saturated at concentrations above 10(-6) mol/L H2O2. Even at very low H2O2 concentrations GPO reaches only approximately 8% of the rate at which catalase simultaneously degrades H2O2. These data indicate an almost exclusive role for catalase in the removal of H2O2 in normal human erythrocytes.
Worst Case Temperature Rise in a One-Dimensional Tissue Model Exposed to Radiofrequency Radiation

This paper investigates the temperature rise in a 1-D layered tissue model, which is irradiated with nonionizing radiation. Of the numerous tissue configurations that correspond to realistic body trunk and limb representations, only those are examined which maximize the averaged specific absorption rate (SAR). The results show that the old IEEE standard on safety was more conservative in terms of temperature rise than the Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines. They also indicate that the removal of heat exchange from the skin surface can induce a significant temperature rise in it, which is, however, mostly due to imposing the adiabatic conditions themselves, rather than the electromagnetic energy absorption